ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED
IBLICAL BIOGRAPH
CONTAINING A FULL HISTORY OF
BIBLE MEN AND WOMEN?
WITH AN
A  PPENDIX,
EMBRACING At BIOGRAPHEY OF UNNAMED PERSONS.
BY RENT. T. G. BEHARRELL, A. M.
INDIANAPOLIS:
DOWNEY & BROUSE, PRINTERS AND PUBLISHERS.
1867.




Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year of our Lord 1867,
BY' DOWNEY & BROUSE,
FOR REV. T. G. BEIIARRLELL,
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the District
of Indiana.




IN presenting this book to the Christian reader, we have aimed
to fill a vacancy in the literature of the Christian Churches, and
especially the Sabbath School literature. Sabbath Schools are a
blessed auxiliary or help in the great work of training -up children in tlhe nurture and admonition of the Lord, and tlhere bhas
been increasing facilities for this great work in Question Books
Reference Books, Library Books, and Books of Song, prepar ed
for use in the schools. With this Biblical Biography we have
desired to afford advantages to Superintendents and Teachers in
preparing for their work, and the scholal-rs of the Bible classes in
the schools in preparing for their recitations; as also, to fa.aimiaxize a1)ll Bible students with the history of Bible characters.
In the history of Bible men and women, we lhave virtues exremplified that may be admired and imitated-vices that may be detested and shunned. The principles of the religion of the Bible
are strikingly exemplified, and the doctrines of religion are beautifully illustrated in the history of holy men and women,
The larger and best prepared Theological Dictionaries are not
within the reach of many who are seeking an acquaintance with
Bible characters, and those-works are so meagre in Bible Biography as to be very unsatisfactory. There are but a few of the
men of the Bible referred to.
In this work will be found arranged in alphabetical order a
history of nearly all Bible men and women of whom there is a




lv.                      PREFARCE.
record, and it is adapted to Bible readers of all denomninations
alike. We have aimed t6 supply a want existing in the litera:
ture of the general church of Christ, and we think the Roman
Catholic as well as the Protestant, and Jew as well as the Gentile, may, by perusing these pages, familiarize themselves with
incidents in the history of characters in whom they are interested.
The names of the Patriarchs of the Ante-diluviatn and Post-diluvian ages are familiar to maLny, and yet there are many inter-,
esting incidents recorded in their lives that Bible readers are not
familiar with. And this is also true of the prophets fr'om lKoses
to the last of the minor prophets, and of their governors and
judges from Joshua to Samuel; and of their kings from Saul
their first king, to Zedekiah their last one before the captivity.
And so from Zmerubbabel and Nehemiah to the Herod who was
reigning when Jesus was born.
CNew Testament characters, as their history is recorded, are
frought with great interest, and we may well desire an acquaintance with them.
We have aimed to present not only the Biography of Bible:
men, but of Bible wonmen also-who seem to be almost ignored
in the biographical department of our theological dictionaries.
There are many important characters among them not referred
to at all-and why should not Bible students, many of whom are
females, become acquainted with the sacred history of those of
their own sex? All Bible students should become familiar with
the women as well as vith the men of the Bible.  WVoman was
created to be an helpmeet for man, and her formnation was the
last and crowning work of the great creator. She was made for an
associate with man, and has ever been his companion and a full
sharer in the woes brought on him by the transgression of the
divine laxw,




P REFAaCE.                      V.
The subtile serpent was cursed first, and then the woman, and
afterwards the mlan.  And this was the order in sin anid of sinners in bringing about the fatal fall; the serpent beguiled Eve,
and Eve tempted Adam, and Adam yielded to the temptation.
The curse that was pronounced on the woman was, "I will
greatly multiply thy sorrow and thy conception, in sorrow thou
shalt bring forth children, and thy desire shall be to thy husband
and he shall rule over thee."Y Though in the creation man and
woImu1 waSs forIlled with equal rights as to ruling, yet after the fall
it was not so-woman was to be subject to the will of her husband.
Though she was thus first in the transgression, and her position
to some extent as to equality with her husband changed, yet she
was honored beyond man in being the mother of the Redeemer
of the fallen race. When the Creator, whose authority had been
trampled upon by Satan, by the woman, and by the man, called
the two transgressors, Adam and Eve, to an account, before pronouncing the curse upon them, he pronounced a curse upon the
serpent. "And the Lord God said unto the serpent, because thou
art cursed above all cattle, and above every beast of the field;
upon thy belly shalt thou go, and dust shalt thou eat all the days
of thy life."
This curse was followed by the promise of a Savior, as the offspring of the woman. And in keeping with this promise that the
seed of the woman should bruise the serpent's head, is the declaration of the inspired writer under the New Testament dispensation: "The Son of God was imanifested that he might destroy the
works of the devil."
In the " Sacred Record " we have the names of many eminent
women; and as their history is set forth we behold virtues exemplified and honors conferred that mark them as ornaments to the
world, and noble examples for the imitationi of their sex.




VLI.                     PREFACE.
There were several who were endued -with the spirit of proph"
ecy, a mong wholn we  light nammeAiiriam, the distinguished sister
of M]foses and Aaron, who has been styled'"The Virgin Prophetess." Deborah, who was the first womnan that occupied the position of civil ruler. She left the City of Palm Trees to encourage
tohe heart of her geneo r.tM2.-al, a    in the battle with Jabin, the king
of Canaan. As she occupied a pOSition on the mountain side,
rhere she coucld see the m ovementus of her victorious genTeral she
composed a song of triumnip  full of prophetic declaration.
il:icldah wars so i'nlr1otItat as a - pro1phetess, that when the king
would have the long-lost copy of the law, that had been found,
read' he sent theIe mIanunscript to this womran, though the prophet
Jeremiah was then living, it is supposed, at Libnah, where he'aight easily have'been consulted. Eliza'beth, thle mother of John
[he B-pmtist, and the Virgin Mary, her cousin, were both favored
-with the spirit of prophecy. So Anna had the llantle of prophecy on her wlhen rshe recognized, in the person of the babe of
Mi:fary, the Divine Redeemer, ald "6 spake of himl to all them that
looked for redeimption in Jerusalenm."7 And the four daughters of
Philip, the Evangelist, were thus favored of God.
Amlong the women of the Bible are many who were eminent
as -mothers for their instructions to, and their influence over their
children. Of such was Jochebed, who had the early training of
the rescued Ml oses; Sarah, who had the, education of the Son of
Promise; the wife of M2anloah, to whom the angel of the Lord
aappeared twice, and who followed tenaciously the instructions of
the angel in the education of Samson; Iannah, who received the
promise of a son while worshiping God at Shiloh, and who, when
her son was three years old, placed him in the charge of the vetn
erable Eli; Lois and Eunice, the mother and grandmother of
Timothy, who taught him the Scriptures from his early childhood.




PREFACE.                      vii
And what maternal affection did these and other women exhibit.
Amnong the women of the Bible we have some of the most
touching examples of devotion, in the various relations of life,
that are to be found in all the history of the human family. As
instances, the two MBoabitish women that married the sons of
Naomi. ]Htow devoted to the interests of their stricken and sorrowing mother-in-law; especially Ruth, who forsook her country
and kindred to attend a lone, disconsolate woman to the land of
Judea, her former home. Rizpah, the wife of Saul, may be referred to; and her affection, which led her, when her sons were
hanged, for many dreary days and nights to watch their dead
bodied.
There are many examuples among them of pure philanthropy.
As such was Esther, the queen of Ahasureus. She risked her
station as queen, and even her life, to save her imperiled people.
But there are, also, examples of wickedness; as was Jezebel, the
wife of Ahab, and Athaliah, the imother of Ahaziah, with many
others. For further notice, reference is made to the following
pages.
We also present to the reader —in an appendix-a history of
Bible men and women not named, running through the Old and
New Testaments; and though the persons referred to are, many
of them, with their history, referred to in articles in the body of
the work, yet a facility for reference to unnamed persons will
be found here, that is not given in any other book presented to
the Christian public, and we have aimed with it to make our Biblical Biography more complete.
I desire to express my indebtedness, in the preparation of this
volume, to the authors of various ]Dictionaries of the Holy Bible;,
the biographical departments of which I have consulted, and




Viii.                    PREFACE.
used in the preparation of the various biographies. Those that
have been referred to most are, "Watson's Dictionary," "Wood's
Dictionary" of the Holy Bible, " Dymnond's Pocket London Edition," and "Barr's Index." I am, also, indebted very much to'Clark's," "Henry's," and "Benson's" Commentaries; " as also,
to " Smith's Sacred Annals," and to some extent to other works.
HIoping these pages will be an advantage to Bible readers, especially to Sunday School Teachers and the larger Scholars of
Schools, I subscribe myself,
Yours affectionately,
THtOS. G. BEHARRELL.




BIBLICAL BIGRAPHdC
ALPIHIABETICALLY ARRANGED
AAR                                  AAR
AARON-[Ay/-ron,] lofty, mountain- missioned himn to go to the king of
ouis.                            Egypt and demand the freedom of IsAARON, the distinguished brother of rael. And Aaron received froim Moses
Moses and Miriam, was a descendant the words, signs, and words of explanaof Levi. He was older than Moses, tion that God had given him. Aaron
hence born before Pharaoh, the king became satisfied that God had appointed
of Egypt., decreed that the male infants his brother to this work, and moreover,
of tle Hebrews should be slain. When that he himself was to be spokesman
he was grown up, he married Elisheba, for Moses, and immediately he certified
the daughter of Abinadab, a prince of his willingness to enter upon this mlisthe tribe of Judah, and he had four sion. It may be that the reason why
sons, viz: Nladab and Abihu, Eleazer lhe was made spokesman was, lhe spake
and Ithamar, as a result of this mar- better Hlebrew than Moses, as M3oses
riage. He was associated with Moses had been associating in and about the
in leading Israel out of Egypt, and from  court with Egyptians until forty years
Egypt to Canaan.  Aaron was Vwith Is- of age, and after that witch the Midianrael in their bondage, and suffered with ites; and possibly he had an ilmedithem, while his distinguished brother ment in his speech, for he says:'I[ am
was the adopted son of Pharaoh's slow of speech and of a slow tongle"
daughter, and enjoyed the pleasures of though St. Stephen says of himl  "lhe
a palace and the honors of royalty.  was mighty in words as well as in
And so when Moses went to the land deeds."  Ex. 4, 5, 6, &o. After the
of Midian and became a shepherd for two brothers arrived in the land of
Jethro the priest. Aaron was still with Egypt Aaron called together the Elders
his enslaved people suffering oppres- of Israel, and spake unto them  the
sion. But when 5Aoscs, after his call words which the Lord had spoken unto
to emancipate his peopie, left the land Moses. They desired evidence of the
of Midian and journeyed towards the tfiuth of what Aaron spake, and of the
capital of Egypt, he met Aaron his mission with which he and his brother
brother, who was coming to meet hinm  had been charged. To satisfy themn,
under the direction of'God, who had Aaron cast the rod of Moses upon the
spoken to him in Egypt, saying: " Go ground and it became a serpent, then
into the wilderness to meet Moses," and lhe put forth his hand and took it up,
so precise was he in following the in- and it became a rod again in his hand.
structions given him, that le arrived at Hle then put his hand into his bosom,
the sacred mountain just at the time and when lie took it out it was leprous
his brother arrived there. They were as snow; he put his hand again into his
glad again to look upon each other, and bosom, and when he plucked it out it
affectionately cmbraced, when we may was turned again as his other flesh.
suppose they gave each other a relation I-ToHe then took of the water of the Nile
of the events of their lives for the last and poured it out upon the dry land,
forty years. MIoses related to Aaron and it became blood as it was poured
how the God of their fathers had ap- out. As the Elders of Israel and the
peared unto him at Horeb, and corn- people beheld these signs and heard the




AAR                 [10]               AAR
wordcs of Aaron, they believed and re-   Previous to this, public worship was
joiced in the prospect of deliverance not confined to one place, and the eldest
from  oppression.  iMoses and Aaron in every family officiated as Priest for
then went in unto Pharaoh to demand the family, but now there was a stated
the emancipation of their people. place of worship, viz: tlhe tabernacle,
Aaron spake boldly for theml both, and and God had commanded that the
wriought signs and wonders, but yet Priesthood'be retained in the family of
Pharaoh would not acknowledge their Aaron. Accordingly Moses consecrated
right to make the demand they made. Aaron to the H-igh Priesthood, anOne plague after another was brought nointed him  with the holy oil, and
upon Egypt by the divine ruler, using invested him with the priestly robes
these brothers as instruments in Hiis and fixtures-his garments of "glory
hand, until finally HI-e permitted Israel a.nd beauty."
to go out. lM1oses and Aalron, helped   While the ordinary Priest had on a
by their sister, conducted Israel to the garment closely fitting the body, a coat,
Red Sea, and through it, (in a road cut a girdle, and a covering for the head,
by the Almighty power,) to the other the H1igh Priest had in addition a robe
side, where they saw the host of their denoting his superiority, an Ephod, a
enemies closed in and drowned by the breast-plate, and a plate of gold on his
returning waters. When Israel came forehead. The robe was of blue, woven
to Sinai and camped, Aaron was with froml  the top to the bottom  witihout
loses on the mountain side to hear the seamn, being fastened with a girdle and
first audible words that were spoken by variously ornamented.  The sacred
God. In compalny with his sons and Ephod, or Ephod of the High Priest,
the seventy Eiclders, he tarried on the was variously colored and ornsaented
slope of the mountain while Moses with gold, and had upon each of'the
went up to the summit.               shoulders a large button, in which was
Aaron, in company with -Iur, was set a precious stone, and in the stones
placed by Moses in charge of the chil- were engraved the names of the twelve
dren of Israel during his absence, and tribes of Israel.  It was composed as a
to thlel  doubtfil matters were to be garment of "gold, blue, scarlet, and
referred, and by them cdifficult questions. fine twined linen with cunning work."'
settled; and it was because of the posi- The breast-plate which he wore was
tion of Aaron among theml that they four square, " a span shall be the length
came to him, and in a tumultuous mani- thereof, and a span the breadth therener said:' Make us Gods to go before of," and fastened with rings to the
us."  Moses had been absernt longer sacred Ephod. There were twelve prethan they expected he would be, andci  cious stones set in the plate, three in a
probably much longer than he supposed row, and on each stone was engraved
he would be when he left thelm.       the name of a son of Jacob as the head
Aa ron yielded to their importunities, of a tribe of Israel, so that Aaron bore
and bade thenl bring their wives' and ulon his breast, as well as upon his
children's ear rings. Having brought, shloulders, the names of the various
them to him, he imelted the tgold, and tribes.  Upon the forehead was placed
then.madle a calf and dedicated it as an the figured goldean plate, on which was
image to the worship of Israel's God: engraved the motto: "' Holiness to the
and they engaged in gross idolatry be- Lord."  This has been called the grand
fore it, insomuch that the anger of the badge of the sacred office, and the
Lord was kindled against theml, and to motto was certainly appropriate for one
M3oses God threatened to remove from  engaged as Aaron in a lholy calling. It
the people the symbols of his presence is true that Aaron, after he had been
and destroy them. Aaron himself, in thus consecrated to the offie of the
this matter, was not without sin, and High Priesthood, and had served faithhe would have been punished had not fully and efficiently for awhile, sinned
Moses interceded in his behalf.      against God by indulging in envy, which
Af:er the tabernacle was erected, ac- envy led him with Miriam, his sister, to
cording to the pattern showed Moses oppose Moses. But when Godled him
in the mount, Aaron and his sons were into the tabernacle, and opened hlis eyes
set apart to the work and office of the to see his sin, he acknowledged with a
Priesthood. Ex. 28, &c.              penitent heart his fault, and asked for



AAIR                 [ll                 AAR
giveness of MIoses, and of God for him- people, until his mission was ended,
self and for his sister, and their sin was and he was called frion the priesthood
forgiven.  Num. xii: 1, &e.            here to the everlasting priesthood on
But Aaron himself as a priest, and high.
as the head of the priests, became the   The  account given us of Aaron's
object of envy and bitter jealousies. death is peculiarly affecting.  Because
Korah, Dathan and Albiram, with two of the murmurings of the children of
hundred intd fiity Levites —nen of inl- Israel at Meribal for want of water,
flueinee, "faious in the congregation, Moses and  A.aron  were  perplexed.
and mlen of renown,'' turned against They enquired of the Lord as they had
Aaron and his blrother and spake -against been accustomed to do in time of trial,
themn.  Theywere not satisfied with the  and they were bidden to gather the
work they were performing, but desircld children of Israel together, and with
to set up a priesthood and system  of' the rod to smnite the rock before their
sacrifice of their own, of which system  eyes, and water should come forth in
they themselves were to be the minis- sufficient quantities to meet their wants.
teras.  3loses, under the direction of They did so, and the waters came forth.
God, required  tllern, with Aaron, to But there.was somlething connected
appear b3ef-ore tlhe Lord the next day, with their conduct here with which God
which thiey cli with all tbe opposition was displeased. H-Ie detetuined that as
they had been man-ie-sting to the priest- they had  not sanctified  him  in the
hood andl its operations.   God con- sight of the people, neither of them
dcmneld thei  in the sight and hearing should enter the land of Canaan.
of thle people, and the eairth opened her   Soon afterward they journeyed frion
mouth and swallowed up these guilty. Kadesh to Mt. I-Tor, and then the Lord
leaders withl teir fainilies.          commaanded  loses to male ready fbr
After this question that had been parting with Aaron.  "Take Aaron,
vexing Israel was settled, the mlurmur- and Eleazar his son, and bring them
ing against Aaron was stopped by a clear up unto MTlt.. Hor: and strip Aaron of
proof that lie was the chosen of God. his garments, and put them upon EleaMloses took twelve rods friom the princes zar his son: anld Aaron shall be gathof the twelve tribes, and wrote upon ered unto  his people amnd shall die
each rod the name of the tribe to which there."  FHow solemn the command!
it belonged, and upon the rod of the I-Ie who had been burdened with Mloses
tribe of Levi he wrote the name of for forty years, with the interests of a
Aaron.  Having prepared the rods he rebellious people-who had served for
placed them in the tabernacle and near imiany years in the high-priestl;'s office,
the sanctuary. The next day lie entered and ywho alone had entered the most
the tabernacle and took out the rods,. holy place —who had stood at the door
and showed them to the whole conarega- of the tabernacle time after time and
tion, and it was discovered that though observed the divine glory, was now
nothing  peculiar mnarked  the eleven about to die. The summons had come
rods, yet Aaron's rod "was budded, and and lie himself was made acquainted
brought forth buds, and bloomed blos- with it. After giving the Elders and
soms, and yielded almonds. " This bud- congregation of Israel an a-ffcetionate
ded rod was laid up in the ark to per- farewell, in company with Moses and
petuate the memlory of the miracle, Eleazar his successor, he ascended Mt.
and continues a standing evidence of Her, all the people gazing in sorrow at
Aaron's right to the office.  This fact the trio, as they slowly niadle their way
was so unquestionablk miraculous that up the mountain side.  At length they
we suppose no doubt could possibly re- reached the spot upon the mountain
main in the mninds of the people, or sumrnit where Aaron wasto die. Moses,
even of those who had been envious, who had poured the annointing oil upon
who had not been dle-;troyed.  Surely his head, and so consecrated hinm to the
their doubts were all silenced and their work of the priesthood years beforescruples satisfied, for we hear of no ftr- who had clothed him  with the sacertlher couplaints.  Num. xvii: 1, &c. dcltal robes, and designated him  High
Aaron continued to performn the duties; Priest, now stripped hiitI of his garof his office with honor to himself, ments, and placed theml before his eyes
glory to God, and acceptability to the upon Eleazar his son. Aaron witnessed




AAR                  1 [12              ABE
the ceremlony, and, it may be, assisted Judges, xii: 13-15.  H-e died in the
in it until it was closed. He looked a land of Ephraim and was buried there,
moment upon his successor and rejoiced, in Pirathon ef Ephraim, in the mount
then laid him down and died, in the of the Amalekite,. I-le left behind him
presence of God, his brother and his forty sons and thirty nephews.
son.
Thus the spirit of the falithful servant ABDPON, 2-A servant.
of God, like a bird uncaged, left its   ABDON was the son of Micah.  He
house upon the top of Mt. Hero, and was one of five imessengers of King
hied away to the mountain of God. Josiah, who were sent to consult ElulWhether the form of Aaron was cof- dah, the prophetess. 2d Chronicles,
fined and sepulchred or not, we cannot xxxiv: 20.
tell, but the sad inteligcence of hIis
death was taken down by Moses and ABEDNEGO —[Abed'nego,] a servant
Eleazar, "and when all the congrega-      of iglht.
tion saw that Aaron was cead, they   ABEDNEGO was one of the three IHemourned for hirm thirty days, Cven all brews who were companions of Daniel
the houspe of Israel."  The grave of in captivity in Babylon.  These young
Aaron, like that of Moses, was left un- men were selected from  among the
marked, lest Israel, in the remembrance  captives for Chaldean learning, from
of him and his many virtues, and abun. wmhich fact wTe may judge that they
dant labors, should pay him unwarrant- were approaching malnhood-probably
able honors.                          eighteen or twenty years of age. And
there is another fact which would indiABDAIh   ou ABDA, 1 —[ Ab'da,] A  cate it, viz: they were promoted to
servant, serviltude.              posts of honor in  the governmnen t.
ABDATI, or ArDx, was the father of They were appointed to fill civil offices.
Adoniram, who was one of the import-   These three H-ebtrews ca!ied their
ant officers of King Solomon, and by religion with them  into Bab1yloen, and
him  was placed over his tribute.  1st maintained their character as servants
Kings, iv: 6.                         of the liv7ing God amnidst the cgrossest
idolatry. They were seeverely tricd beABDA, 2 —_ servant, servitude.        cause of their convictions of right and
AnDA  vwas the son of Shammua, the their determination to discharge their
grandson of Galal, and the great-grand- duty in the fear of God. When they
son of Jeduthun, and is ref-erred to in were appointed meat alnd drink by the
Neh. xi: 17.                          king, they refused it, andcl asked of
Iellzar, the prince, who had lcharge  of
ABDI-[Ab'ldi,]  JY servant,           them, the privilege of eating and drinkABDI was a Levite, referred to in 2d ing pulse and water, for their conscienChron., xxix: 12, &e. lHe lived, we ces would not allow them to take the
suppose, during the reign of Hezekiah, apportionmnent of victuals from  the
and his son Kish was one of those lwho king.  They were granted the privilege
were engaged in cleansing the temple. on the condition that the simple fare
they preferred did not have a deleteriABDIEL-[Ab'-de-el,] The servCant of ous effect upon their constitution, vigor
God.                             and countenance, they being compared
ABDIEL Jwas the son of Guni, a Gad- with the young men that eat of tlle porite, and a chief of the house of his fath- tion of the king's lmeat. At the end of
ers. 1stChron., v: 15. IHe was, prob- ten days the prince wvas satisfied, and
ably, thefather of Shelemiah, who, with granted thermi their desire in taking
several others, was commanded to take away the meat and the wine.
Jeremiah, the prophet, and Baruch,   These three Hebrews gained the eshis scribe; but the Lord hid them. teem of the king, and, probably through
Jer., xxxvi: 26.                      the influence of Daniel, who had been
promoted to an important Position and
ABDON, 1-[Ab'don,] a servant.         office, they, too, became officers of the
ABDON was the son of Hillel, the government.  After: their promotion,
Pirathonite, who judged Israel about they were envied by some who were in
eight years after Elon, the Zebulonite. lower offices, and probably by disap



ABE                 [13]               ABE
pointed office seekers, who accused by the pleasures and government honthem before the king of disobedience, ors they had enjoyed-that they -yet
in that they served not his God, nor maintained determination to do right,
worshiped the golden image he had set cost what it would —yea, though it cost
up in the plains of Dura. The king them their lives! The king was full
became angry upon hearing this, and of fury, and in his rage commanded
determnined at once to have an interview that the furnace be heated seven times
with them. He sent for them, that he hotter than it was wont to be heated.
might talk with them, and compel them  Not that it would increase their punishby threats from his own mouth, to obey ment, but it would show that he, the
him. They learned, in a short time, king, looks upon their crime as seven
the object hadc in view-it may have timles worse than that of others who
been even before they reached the pal- were cast into the furnace.
ace of Nebuchadnezzar they knew his   He ordered them  to be instantly
intent —but they faltered not. They bound; and they were bound, and
comle into his presence and stand befbre with their clothes upon them cast into
him undaunted —though they see in his the fire, which was so hot that it concountenance and learn fi'om the tones sumed the nighlty men who were exeof his voice that he is angly.       outing the decree. The flames of that
The voice of the king &tll upon their furnace that destroyed the executioners
ears in the plain interriogatory: " Is it did not destroy the Hiebrews.  "They
true, 0 Shadrach, TIeshech, and Abed- fell down bound," but the fall did not
nego, do not ye serve my gods, nor wor- injure them.'hoe cords that had bound
ship the golden image.which I have set themn were snapped asunder or burned,
up?"  They are ready with their ans- and there, in the midclstof the fire, these
wer, but the king continues to speak: servants of the living God are walking
"Now, if ye be ready," &c. Eie is and praising.
willing to admit them  to a new trial,   What a strange phenomenon!-three
hoping they will renounce their religion, ien in the fire of a furnace, praising
and, at the sound of the music, serve the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob,
his God and worship~ his image, when in the use of some favorite fsong, Of Zion,
they shall be pardoned their forrmer via- while not a hair of their head is singed,
lation of his decree; but if they still nor had the smlell of fire passed upon
persisted in their refusal they should be their garments.  Ah, the secret is told
cast into the fiery furnace.         in this —that an angel-it nmight have
As soon as the opportunity was af- been the covenant angel-canme down
forded them of speaking, they acknowl- and was with them, controling the eleedged the truth of the charge brought ment. Nebuchadnezzar said: "Lo, I
against them, and they rejected his over- see four men walking, and the fourth is
tures. They give him to understand like unto the son of G'od."
that the case is a clear one. They have   He called theml forth, changed his
no disposition to hide their sentiments mlind toward them and their religion,
or feelings, and unite in saying:  "0, and again promoted them in the prove
Nebuchadnezzar, we are not careful to ince of Babylon.
answer thee in this matter.  If it be so,   Thus we see integrity and decision
our God whom we serve is able to de- rewarded. Dan. i: 2, 3.
liver us from the burning fiery furnace,
and he will defitver us out of thine ABEL-[A/bel,] vanity, vapor, mourtnhand, 0, King."'aqg.
What an example do they give, in   ABEL was the second son of Adam
this language, of faith in God and de- and Eve-born a few years after the
termination to obey the Divine Will! creation. Cain, the eldestson of Adam,
They are not agitated. They do not and the brother of Albel, was raised up
tremble. But calmly they look at him, by his side and enjoyed the pleasures
with the threatened fiery furnace before of childhood and early youth with him.
them, and say:  " We will not serve   These two. brothers ram bled togetler
thy gods, nor worship the golden image over the hills and plains of the corparwhich thou hast set up."             atively new earth. They watched wvith
What integrity and decision!  They pleasure the passing seasons, and ohshow that their hearts were uncorrupted served together the changes going on




ABE                  [14]                ABI
around them, indicating the flight of offering, but that was not all —while
time. They ate at the same table, slept Cain, inl all probability, stopped there,
in the same tent, listened to the same Abel brings a sin offering, thereby acwholesome instructions from their pa- knowledging his sinfulness and the lerents, and were governed by the samne cessityofatonement forsin. Thevarious
family rules, and they offered their ear- sacrifices that he offered are referred to
liest morning sacrifices together. But by the gifts that God testifies of. And
as they grew and approached manhood his faiitb, in reference to an atonement
th e y chose different employments. for sin, may be that referred to by the
Abe! was a shepherd, vwhile Cain was a apostle when hIe says, " he being dead
tiller of the ground. Abel's enlploy- yet speaketh."  This act, thus rement, through his whole short life, was corded in the book of God, constantly
that of keeping the flock.            makes known to mankind the necessity
IHe was taught by his parlents, as they of atonement, and it declares tbat faith
had been taught by God-that the great as an internal principle of true morship,
Creator and Supreme Ruler-the aiver must move in the heart when sacrifice
of all mercies, would be worshiped by is offered to God, or the sacrifice will
man-would acknowledge sacrifice.      not be accepted.  Gen. iv. and 111eb.
"In process of time " Cain and Abel xi: 4, and xii: 24.
brought offerings unto the Lord —the
former " brought of the first fruits of A  I —[A'-be,]?my fatiter.
the ground "-the latter of the first-   Aii was the daughter of Zechariah,
lings of his flock and-ofthe fat tlhereof;" and the mother of Hezekiah, a king of'
and we are informed that God accepted Judah.  2d Rings. xviii: 2. She is
Abel and his offering, while he rejected called Abijah in 2d Chron. xxix: i.
Cain and his offering. How the God See Abijab.
whom they sacrificed unto, manifested
his approval of one and his disapproval ABALU-I, 1-[Ab-i'-ah,] the fLord is
of the other we cannot say, but. he did;  iy father.
insomuch that Cain complains that "' he   ABIAI, the wife of I-ezron, who died
shoulcd now be hid from the face of the in Caleb Ephratah.  She was the meoLord. "  The effect upon Cain of his ther of Ashur, and the grandimother of
rejection was to excite anger in him  Tekoa.  1st Chron. ii: 24.
against his brother, and in that anger
he meditated revenge upon Abel, and ABIAH, 2 —The.Lord is myn father.
opportunity being afforded him a short   ABIATI, with Joel his brother, was a
time afterwards, "he rose up against son of the famed prophet Samuel, and
Abel his brother and slew hinm."  How  was appointed by the father in his old
strange that he could have been excited age as a judge over israel, with Joel his
to so wicked an act for no other Offence brother. They were not judges in the
than the one set forth in the history.   same sense and to the same extent as
The sacrifice of Abel is the first one Samuel, or to the exclusion of their
of the kind on record in the sacred father. The prophet himself judged
scriptures.  It was a bloody sacrifice, Israel until the day of his death, and
expiatory and typical of the one great was their last judge, for Saul, the son
sacrifice for sin, viz: the promised seed of Kish, was chosen and annointed
of the woman that was to bruise the. Iing over Israel by Samuel, at the rehead of the serpent. The apostle tells quest of the people and under the direcus, when speaking of Christ's mission tion of God.
to carth-the object of his coming and   They were appointed by Samuel their
the end accomplished-it was to destroy father as helpers in the affairs of the
the devil and his works-alluding to government, or superintendents of certhis first prophetic promise he says: tain things.  " They walked not in his
"for this was the son of God manifested ways, but turned aside after lucre, and
that he might destroy the works of the took bribes and perverted judgment."
devil. By faith Abel offered unto God The people complained to Samuel of
a more excellent sacrifice than Cain, by the wickedness of his sons, and dewhich he obtained witness that he was manded a king to reign over them.
righteous, God testifying of his gifts." How unfortunate that so great and good
He, like his brother, brought a thank a man as Samnuel was, should be called




ABI                 [15L                 ABI
to see his own children in a wicked, and pronounced the sentence of death
avaricious and unjust course of life. upon him and upon all his house.
1st Salm. viii: 1-5.                    The sentence was executed by Doeg,
the informant, upon all of them save
ABIALBON- [Ab-e-al'-bon,] intelli- Abiathar, who, to avoid this slaughter
gent father.                      and save his own life, fled to David.
ABIALBON, was a native of Arbath, He  carried with him in his flight, proband one of the valiant men of the army ably, his -sacerdotal garments, and we
of King David.  2d Sam. xxiii: 31.   are informed that hle became high priest
for David; while Zadok, the son of AhiABIASAPJI-   [Abi-asaph,] a con- tub, of the house of Eleazer, became
szuming father.                   high priest for Saul instead.  He reABIASAPI- was the son of Koralh, mained in the priesthood through the
and the younger brother of Assir and reign of David, and until Solomon asElkanah. Ex. vi: 24.                  cended the throne of Israel, when, for
the crime valready named, he was deABTATlFAR-[A-bi'-a-thar,] excellent posed.  1st Sam. xxii: 20; 2d Sam.
father.                           xv: 29; 1st Kings, i: 7, and ii: 26.
ABIATHAR, the son of Ahimelech,
was the tenth high priest among the ABIDAH —[A.bi/dah,] father of
Jews, and the fourth from Eli.  When      knowledge.
he was divested by Solomon of his of-   AmIDA-  was tihe son of iidian, and
fice, because he attached himself to the the grandson of Abraham by Keturah.
party of Adonijah, the house of Eli tie was the brother of Ephalh and
failed, as it had been declared it should Epher, and Hanoch and Eldaah. Gen.
in Ist Sam. 2d chap. and 31st verse: xxv: 4.
"Behold the days come that I will cut
off thine arm, and the arm of thy fath- ABIDAN —[Ahidan,] father of judger's house, that there shall not be an     nzent.
old man in thine house;" and 35th   ABIDAIN  as the son of Gideoni, of
verse: "'And I will raise me up a faith- the tribe of Benjamin.  -Te is referred
ful priest, that shall do according to to as a prioce of his tribe, in INumr. vii:
that which is in mine heart and in my 60. The chapter contains an account
mind; and I will build him  a sure of the offerings of the different tribes
house; and he shall walk before mine at the dedication of the altar and its
annointed forever."  This was spoken vessels. His offering, like that of the
of Zadok, who ministered before Solo- princes of the other tribes, consisted in
mon, and kings who reigned  after "one silver charger, the weight wherehim.                                  of was a hundred and thirty shekels;
When David fled before the enraged one silver bowl of seventy shekels, after
King Saul, lie went to Nob and pro- the shekel of the sanctuary; both of
cured from  Ahimelech bread  to eat them full of fine flour mingled with oil,
from  the shew-bread table, and the for a meat offering; one golden spoon of
sword of Goliath of Gath —the Philis- ten shekels, full of incense; one young
tine giant that David had slain some bullock, one ram, one lamb of the first
time before-for that sword had been year for a burnt offering; one kid of the
placed by King Saul under the charge goats for a sin offering, and for a sacrifice
of Ahimelech.                         of peace offerings, two oxen, five rams,
The priest, knowing that David was five he-goats five lambs of the first year.'
the King's son-in-law, and not being And his offering was made on the ninth
aware of the wrath of Saul against him, day.
wondered at his being without attendants; but granted without hesitation his ABIEL-[Ab"-e-el,] God my fathe'.
request, when he, with the five loaves
of bread and the huge sword, went into   ABIEL was the father of Kish, and
the country of Gath and showed him- the grandfather of Saul, the first king
self unto Achish the King. It was not of the Jews.  1st Sam. ix: 1. I-e was
long until Doeg, the Edomite, informed also the father of Ner, and the grandSaul of the help Ahimelech had given father of the famous warrior, Abner.
David, whereupon Saul sent for him I st Sam. xiv: 51.




ABI                [16]               AMBT
ABIEZEIR —LAb-e.e'-zer,] fiather of which Nabal had treated David's meshelp.                           Pengers, and assured her that evil was
ABIZrER was of the tribe of Benja- determined against the house of Nabal.
mln, and from the city of Anathoth. Abigail made haste and prepared a
tHe was one of the thirty men of great present, consisting of bread, wine,
valor in David's army. 2dc Samluel, sheep, raisins, cakes and figs, and went
xxiii: 27. HIe was the captain of the to meet Davic-if possible to appease
ninth month, when David instituted his wrath. She showed her good sense
the monthly service of captains over and prudence in hastening to bring the
twmenty-four thousand men. 1st Chron. present to David, and also in the manxxvii: 12.                          ner in which she accosted him when
they met. She approached himl with
ABIGAIL, 1 —[Ab-e-gal,] the joy of great deference, and asked the privilege
the fcather.                    of representing her case in his hearing,
AmGAIL. —There was a woman of and that of the household of Nabal.
this name who was the daughter of She confessed to David the true charNahash or Jesse. 2d Sam. xvii: 25. acter of her husband, and appealed to
Abigail, the daughter of'Nahash, sister him not to shed innocent blood —she
of Zer-uiah, Joab's mother. Joab was begged him to accept a present at her
tlhe son of Zeruiah, the sister of David. hands-and -forgive the trespass that.Abigail was also David's sister; and we had been offered to him. Her address
are informed in 1st Chron. ii: 17, that to David was very beaktiful, and very
she was the wife- of Jether and the mo- likely won upon his heart-especially
ther of Amasa.                      the plea she put in, in her own behalf,
as she closed her address, "but when
ABTGAIL, 2 -_ The jo2y of the father. the Lord shall have dealt with my
ABIGAIL was the wiv-s Of Natal the lord, then remember thine handlmaid."
Carmelite. She was introduced. to our David received her present-accepted
notice in 1st Saml. xxv: 3, as a woman her adv'ice, and pronounced his blesof good sense, and handsome, "A wo- sings upon her. It was not long after
man of good understanding and of a she had returned until she informed
beautiful countenance."  1H-er husband Nabal of the narrow escape he had
was what the world would call a great nmade, by insulting David. The informan. H-e was very rich, and a pa-rt of mnation she gave her husband had a
his great wealth consisted in three strange effect upon him. 1-Ie thought
thousand sheep and a thousand goats, of the feast he had held the day befbre,
but withal he was churlish, and evil in and of his free indulgence in wine.
his doings, and hence was not a fit hus- And of Abigail his wife leaving the
band for her. It is likely that she was family and the enjoyments of the f'east,
induced to marry him, as a great many and flying to meet David with a present
sensible and beautiful women have been to appease his wrath, and stay him in
induced to marry fools, because of their his intended work of death. When he
money and influence in the world.   thought of the imminent peril to which
His character was developed when he was exposed according to this repreDavid sent messengers to him, to greet sentation of Abigail, he was strangely
him, in his name, and referred him to affected with terror, and became insenthe manner in which he had befriended sible, " his heart died within him, and
him. Nabal, in a spirit of the most he became as a stone."
eonsurnate  meanness, answered the   A disease of some kind set in, and in
messengers of David, and they returned ten days sapped the foundation of life
to their master with his answer. No and he died. So Abigail was left a
wonder that David looked upon this widow. David soon learned that Nabal
conduct as the grandest insult, and at was dead, and he meditatedcl marriage
once determined to revenge the wrong. with the widow. He had been married
I-e ordered his young men to make to Miehal, the daughter of Saul, but
ready and attend him, and four hun- had been parted from her by the hostildred of them ranged themselves under ity and persecution of Saul, and morehim anid started for Nabal's house.  over Saul had given David's wife to
In the meantime one of the servants another in order to cut off any preteninformed Abigail of the manner in sions he might make to the throne.




ABI                 [17]               ABI
When he sent and cornmuned with died while Esther was a little- girl, leavAbigail on the subject of taking her to ing her an orphan. Esther ii: 7. "She
wife —she made no serious objections, had neither father nor mother."  Her
but made ready and went with the mes- cousin adopted her after her father's
sengers to David, taking with her five death as his own daughter.
damsels. She became his wife, and lhe
in all probability came, through her, in ABIHAIL, 4 —Father of strength.
possession of the wealth of Nabal. The   ABIHAIL was the daughter of Eliab,
property at Carmel and Maon came un- the brother of king David. She became
der his control.                     the wife of Rehoboam, the successor of
David dwells with his wives, (for he Solomnon. She was the mother of Jeush,
had also married Ahinoam the Jezree- Shamariah and Zaham, the children of
litess,) in Ziklag, a town given hiln by Rehoboaml. 2d Chron. xi: 18, 19.
Achish the king of Gath. The length
of time that he lived there was one year ABIHU —[Abi'hu,] he is mny father.
and four nionths, for Ziklag was burnt   ABIHru, with Nadab, his brother,
with fire by the Amalekites who invaded ministered in the services of the sancdluring David's absence.  When he re- tuary. They were Priests and sons of
turned and saw what was done, and Aaron, the high-priest.  We have an
knew that Abigail with his other wife account of their destruction in Lev. x:
was taken captive, with the wives of 1, 2. They offered " strange fire before
his men —he was greatly affected-and the Lord, which he comluanded them
mingled his lamentation with those of not. And there went out fire from the
his men.  THe hushed tie mutinous Lord and devoured them, and they died.
spirit of his men, however, by telling before the Lord."  What their particthem  that the Lord had conmmanded ular sin was we can not certainly deterhim to follow the enemy, anid had given imine; but it was sin gross in its charhim the promise that they should re- acter and abominable in the sight of the:
cover all. And they did, and soon Ab- Lord who had ordained the office and
igail, as the wife of David was happily had given the rules and regulations by
dwelling in the city of Hebron, await- which the priests were to be governed
ing the hour of her husband's promoo- in the functions of their office. They
tion as king on the vacated throne of failed to follow the divine directions,
the deceased Saul. While David dwelt and so, in a few days after their consein 1Hebron, Chileab was born unto him  cration, were visited with a terrible deof Abigail.  We hear but little concern- struction. Though the punishment of
ing this woman afterwards-for David Nadab and Abihu may seem to be extook unto himself other wives after he ceedingly severe, as the crime is not
transferred his court to Jerusalem.   specified, yet we may rest assured that
it was of such a character as to justify —
ABIHAIL, 1-[Ab"-e-hale,] father nay, more, to demand such punish.
Qf strength.                     ment.
ABIHAIL was the son of E-uri and fa-   It is supposed, by many, that these
ther of Michael and Meshullam, and sons of Aaron had indulged, before enseveral others.  His name and the tering the sanctuary, in the use of wine
names of his children occur in 1st to such an extent as to unfit them for
Chron. v: 13, 14.                    the duties of their holy office. Sonme
think they were so intoxicated as to forABIHAIL, 2 —Father of strength.       get to take the sacredl fire in their cenABIHAme was the father of Zuriel, sers. And there seems to be some:
who was chief of the house and family ground for this conjecture in the cornof M3erari.  Num. iii: 35            maund God delivered' to Aaron immediately after the fallen ones had been reABIHAIL, 3 —Father of strength.     moved from the sanctuary where they
AmBIIAIL was the father of the famous had been destroyed: " Do not drink
Esther who delivered the Jews from  wine or strong drink, thiou nor thy sons
their imminent peril, which peril was with thee, when ye go into the taberoccasioned by the wickedness of Haman. nacle of the congregation, lest ye die;.
Esther ii: 15. Esther the daughter-of it shall be a statute forever throughout
Abihail, the uncle of Mordecai.. He your generations."  Thus the priest;
2




ABI                [18]               ABT
learned that God would not allow the learned that the wife of Jeroboam was
work of the priesthood to be interfered at his house near the door of the apartwith by a want of ability to perform its ment, having come to ask of him a
duties because of inebriacy. But this question concerning her son who was
punishment of Abihu and his brother sick. As she was entering by the door,
with death may teach us that God will to her astonishment the prophet said:
not wink at, uncleanliness in his minis- " Come in, thou wife of Jeroboam, why
ters, or, indeed, in any of his servants, feignest thou thyself to be another? for
when engaged in the performance of I amn sent to thee with heavy tidings."
religious duties. While the external is   He then informed her of the purpose
being performled the heart must be of God regarding the kingdom and the
right. The internal principles of true house of Jeroboam, because of his sin
worship mnust be exercised.         in refusing to honor the God who had
promoted him; and then the prophet
ABII-UD-[Abi/hud,] the father of assured her that the sickness of the
pmraise.                         child was unto death, and his death
At31rD-IUD was the son of Zerubbabel would take place upon her entering the
or Zorrobabel. The only important city to bear intelligence to Jeroboam
itenm regarding this personage that we from him.
give is, he was in the line of the Mes-   She returned home, we may suppose,
siah-one of our Savior's ancestors an- with a heavy heart, and when she came
cording to the flesh. Matt. i: 13. He to the threshold of the door the child
was the son of Zerubbabel and the died, and was honored with a prince's
-"ther of Eliakim.                   burial a few hours afterward. Abijah
le                           uwas the purest and best of the houseofABIJAH, 1-[Ab-i1-jah,] the will of Jeroboam.
t7e Lord.
ABIJAII was the son of Jeroboam, ABIJAH, 2-Thecwill of the Lord.
the first king ofthe ten tribes of Israel.   ABIJA4I, the son of Pehoboam, king.ie died when very young. We have of Judah, succeeded his father to the
an account of him, his sickness, death, throne. He wa's the son of Maachah,.and burial, in the 14th chapter of Ist the daughter of Absalomi.  She was
Kings.  When he was takeii sick Jero — loved by Rehoboam more than all his
b;oaim bade his wife disguise herself as wives, and this love that he had for her
the wife of lthe king and go to Shiloh led him to make Abijah, though he was;and inquire of the aged prophet, Ahi- not his first-born, the chief of his brethjah, whether or not the sickness cf the ren, and his own successor on the throne
clhild should result in his deathi.  Itwas of Judah. In making this preference
natural for Jeroboam, in his anxiety the king seems to have violated that
about, his son, and desiring to consult a law that God gave to govern his people,
prophet, to apply to this prophet, for regarding the first-born. The law to
it was Ahijah that told him he should which I refer is in substance as follows:
be a kinrg over the people.          If a man have two wives —one less- loved
The wife of the king disguised her- than the other-and the son of the woself and went, in accordance with the man less loved be the first-born, then,
command, to Shiloh, and entered the when he maketh'his sons to inherit, he
house of the prophet, who, she found, may not make the son of the beloved
was very aged and blind, "for his eyes to inherit before the son of the wowere set by reason of his age."  It may man less loved, for the latter is indeed
be she thoughlt, as she looked upon the the first-born. Deunt. xxi: 15-17. But
blind prophet, the king need not have then Rehoboam had a precedent set by
demanded me to disguise myself that I David, in his preference shown to Solobe not known as his wife, for this pro- mon, the son of Bathsheba, when he
phet has not eyes to look upon the robes made him king.
of royalty. He can not distinguish a   Abijab, upon ascending the throne
queen mother from the humblest wo- of Judah, opened a war upon Jeroboam,
man in Israel. But in this she was the king of Israel, his army consisting
mistaken, for that prophet, though of four hundred thousand effective men,
shrouded in constant night, was in corn- while the army of Jeroboamn was double
munion with God, and by revelation he that number. Abijah made an appeal




ABI                 [19]                ABI
tzo the king of Israel, and to all the peo- have in 2d Chron. xkiv: 21. For had
pie, in which he attempted to show that she been -the daughter of that Zeehathe govenment of Jeroboam was foun- riah, she would have been near ninety
ded on injustice, and had been carried years of age when Ahaz married her,.on in injustice.  HeI rebukes them for and had by her a child. 2d Chron.
their wickedness in rebellion,:and for xxix: 1. In 2d Kings, xviii:.2, she is
their gross idolatry-as.erts the right called Abi, the daughter of Zechariah,
of the Lord God-of his fathers to rule and the mnother of Hezekiah.
over theml, and their obligatiions to observe the religion that had been insti- ABIMELECIH, 1 - [Ab-im/'-me-lek,]
tuted for the descendants of Israel, the  ]My father is k7ing.
son of Isaac.  Then he declares, while   ABITMELECH was a king of the Philthey have the golden calves that they istines, who dwelt in the country of
worship as gods, these whom he repre- Gerer.  He is referred to in Gen. xx,
sented as the lkindomi of Judah  had from which we learn that lie was captithe living God with them, and wor- vated with the beauty of Sarah, the
slhiped him.  Te declared in his appeal, wife of Abraham; and as Abraham had
before entering upon the battle, his informed him that she was his sister,
fith in God, and assured the enemy he took Sarah into his palace, intending
that God not only dwelt with himin and to make her -his wife. But the God of
his people, but was their!captain, and Abraham interfered, with a dream or
the priests of the Lord were with them  vision, in which he threatened Abimeto sound the trumpet and cry the alarm  lech with death if he -did not r es'tor
against them.                         the woman to her husband. God said
Jeroboam  heeded not the king of to him in a dre-am, " Behold, thout art
Judah, but managed his vast army but a dead ian for the woman which
against Abijah until the peril of Judah thou hast taken; for she is a man's
seemed to be very great, for with an wife."  He immediately restored her,
ambushment their enemy was attacking and excused himself before the Althem behind as Nwell as before. In this mighty on thle ground of Abraham's
their extremity-true to the declaration pretense that Sarah was only his sister;
of Abijah-Gool's presence among them  and he complained to the patriarch for
was manifested, for, as the priests soun- imposing on him. And he in turn jusded with the trunmpets, the men of Ju- tified himself before Abimelech by say~cdah shouted, i. e., they gave evidence ing that Sarah was his sister.as well as,of their trust in the word -of the God his wife, "'being the daughter of the
of their fathers, and Jeroboam and all same father, though not of the same
Israel were smzitten before them, and mother."
Ahijah obtained a great victory, in the   Abimelech then gave Abrahanm sevdestruction of five hundred thousand eral presents, and offered him a house
chosen men of the enemy. Jeroboam  in his kingdom if he desired to remain
never fully recovered the loss lie sus- there, and believing him  to be a great
tained in his position as king.  Ist, and good man he asked his prayers to
Kings, xv; 2d Chron. xiii.            God in his behalf, and in the behalf of
The Jewish Rabbins have reproached his family, and it is quite likely the good
king Abijah because he did not destroy, man complied heartily with his request.
after his conquest, the profane altar and But he made Sarah a present also, it is
break up fully the worship of the golden supposed.  Addressing her he said:
calves.  And by many this is supposed "Behold I have given thy brother a
to be the only blemish in his character. thousand pieces of silver; behold he is
I-He was succeeded to the throne of Ju- to thee a covering of the eyes, and unto
dah by Asa, his son.                  all that are with thee."  It is thought
by some that this present was to purABIJAIH, 3 — Te will of the Lordot  chase or procure a vail for her that she
AsIJA-I, the wife of Ahaz, was the might cover her face and not subject
mother of King i-ezeliah.  In 2d others to the inconvenience that he had
Chron. xxix:'1, she was said to be the endured, and the peril lie had passed
daughter of Zeehariah, but not of the through, by being carried away with'high priest who was slain by King her beauty.  Sarah must have been a
Joash, the account of which murder we very -handsome woman, for she was now




ABI                 [20]               ABI
ninety years old, and yet her counte- ABII ELECH, 3 —_Jy father is kingy
nanec was so pleasant and com-ely that   ABIMELECH was the name of one of
a king of another nation fell in love the sons of Gideon, who beeame a judge
with her.                             of Israel. But he was the son of a conAbrah4am  prayed  for Abimelech's cubine of Gideon's that lived in Shecfamily and they were converted.c  We hem, i. e., the son of a secondary wife.
hlave an account in Gen. xxi: 22, of The children of such wives could not
Abimelech coming to Abraham several inherit.  His name imports:  " My fayears after, in company with Phichol his ther hath reigned. "  Shortly after Gidchief captain, and begging him to enter eon died, he went to Shecheiln and corninto a covenant of friendship with him. muned with his mother's brethren, and
EI-e probably saw that Abraham's pos- with all the house of his mother's father.
terityand powerwere increasinggreatly, They listened to him, and influenced by
henc e he wanted to form an alliance his arguments, concluded that he, of all
with him. Abraham readily granted his father's sons should reign over them.
his request.                         And they furnished him money with
which he hired wicked persons to assist
ABIt{ELECH,  2 —y fCther is: tking. him. in perfecting his plans, and effecting his ends in securing the governAmBITELEC- was also. a king of Gerar ment. At the head of the hired cornthe son and successor of the former pany of "vain and light persons," he
king. He was about to be imposed went to his father's house at Ophral
upon by lsaao in the same way that and slew all the seventy sons of Gideon,
A1)rahami iamposed upon'is father. save, Jotham  the youngest, who hid
But from his window one  aLy he saw himself. Thus by a cunning manageevidences of familiarity between Isaac ment of wicked men this revolution was
and Rebecca, tGat led him to conclude effected, and the government founded
she wa. ITsaac's wife and not his sister, in which Abimelech reigned.
as they b}oth pretended. Abimelech at   When. three years had passed away
once sent for Isaac and told him what God sent an evil spirit amongst theme.
his convictions'were, that this woman or permitted jealousies to take place,.
was his wife;,he acknowledged that she which produced among the Imen of Shewas, and the only reason he had to give eclemr, fections, contentions, insurrecfobr deceiving hhn was that he feared tions and civil war. They had no regardo
they would kill him if they learned that for Abimelech as their king longer, but
she sustained the relation of wife to icursed: him while they committed their
him, and take possession of her them- depredations in the land. It may be
selves.                              - the very same wicked.men that he hired
Abimelech reproved Isaac for taking to go with him  and slay the seventy
this course; but he, immediately issued sons of' his father, and thus i`nR iniquity
orders tlat none of his subjects should elevate him to thie high position of ruler
touch, or injure either Isaac or Rebecca in the land, now turned against him,
under pain of death. As Abralaham had and' had posted themselves along the:
prospered in that country, so Isaac pros- road between Shechem, where he lived,
pered, until the sub.jects of the king be- and Ophrah, where Gideonl. had lived
gan to be afraid and envy him. Abim- and -where his sons had been slain, for
elech then asked Isaac to leave his ter- they intended to assassinate him. A
ritory, giving as a reason for the request,. large part of the people of Sheclhem set
he was becoming mightier than they. themselves in array against AbimeXech,
And soon after this-remembering the and he fought with them and conquered
course that his father took with Abra- the city. Afterward he destroyedthose
ham —he took the same course and en- who had fled to the "hold of the house
tered into a league with Isaac. He of the God Berith," or who had gone
took with him  Ahuzzath his friend,- to the precincts of the idol temple for
and Phichol his chief captain. Isaac safety.  He set the hold on fire and so
received him at Beersheba and enter- burned a thousand men and women in
tained him with a feast, after which it. I-fe then went to Thebez, an imthey entered into a solemin covenant portant city, and -cook it, and as the en
that each of them  ever remembered and women of the city had fled to the
and continued faithful to. Gen. 26.   tower and shut tlemselves up ini it, he




ABI                 [21]                ABI
opened a siege upon the tower that he up with their substance by the earth
might find an entrance and destroy opening and receiving them, then costhose who had fled thither. HI-e was ing in on thein. The account of their
about to succeed by burning the door, sin and destruction is given in Numdown, when a certain woman cast a bers, xvi:
piece of millstone upon his head, which,
is supposed to have broken or fractured  ABIRAM, 2-A high,father.
his skull. Then he called upon hisI ABIPlAM was the eldest son of Hiel,
narmor-bearer to slay him at, once, lest the Bethelite.  He lost his life while
the disgrace of being killed by a woman: his father was rebuilding the walls of
be affixed to his memory and his death. Jericho. His death was in accordance
Then the young mnan, his armor-bearer, with the prophecy of Joshua, the son
thrust him through with hli sword and, of Nun.  1st lings, xvi: 34-Josh.
he died. Thus we behold the sins of vi: 26.
the imen of Shechem visited upon them
in being destroyed by the man they ABIS1HAG- [Ab'-bc-shag,] ignorance
unjustly exalted; and the sins of Ab-     of the father.
-imelech visited upon hin  by being
betrayed in his own government, and,,  ABIsE-IA  was the young woman that
fnally killed in the manner we have was selected as the last wife of David,
narrated. Jud. ix.                    the king of Israel. It was under the
advise of his physician that he mlarried
A&B3IIAEL-[Ab-be-may'-ejl] afat her her when he was nearly seventy years
sent fron God.                    of age.  Though not as old, probably,
as many of lis day, yet froll constituAnI2,AE.L was the son of Joktan, and tional debility and an enfeebled state
the grandson of Eber, and is referred occasioned by the exposures and hardto in the posterity of,Shem.  Genesis, ships through which he had passed, he
x: 28.                                -was almost helpless-premature ct:>d age
seems to have been upon him.
A3BINADAB -,[ Ab-in'- na-dab, ]  She was selectedl that slIe mighlt minfather a willingy prince.         ister unto him, anld -make the latter part
of his evening of life as pleaaunt as it
ABINADxAB was the son of Jesse and: could possibly be ainde. Abisllag hacd.
the brother of David.  1st Chron. ii: charge   of David probably one yenar
13. I-e was the second son of Jesse, when " he slept vith his- tAhers, and
and is probably the one who is referredI was buried in the city of Daviid."
to in 1st Kings, iv: 11, as being the |  We may suppose from  the account
father of one of the officers who were given of her that she was one of the
appointed by Soloieon to provide vict- most beautiful women in Israel, for she
uals for the king's household, and who  vas selected of all the fair young daamwas nmarried to Taphath, the daughter sels for this position. But there is
of Solomon.                           another reason why we suppose she wxas
very beautiful, and that is: Adonijah,
ABINOAM — [Ab-in'-no-am. father the brother of Absalom, when he failed
of beautey.                       to ascend the throne of Israel, desired
ABINOAm  was the father of Barak. to take her as his wife, and so anxious
the general of Deborah's army, which. was he, enamoured of helr beauty, that
army fought against Jabin, king of he asked Bathsheba, the mother of SolCanaan. Jud. iv: 6.                   omen, to intercede with the king in his
behalf, that Abishag mlight be given
ABIRAM, 1 —[Ab-i.ram,] a high fa- him to wife. Solomon, in all probabilther.                             ity, mistook the imotive of Adonijah,
ABIRAM was the son of Eliab, the and looked upon his request as treason
HReubenite.  He with Korah and his against his government, and determined
brother Dathan, conspired a g a i n s t that lhe should die; hence he was slain
Moses and Aaron, and sought to divest, at the command of his brother Solomon
them of the powers conferred on them, by the hand of Benaiah.  1st Kings,
by God. On account of his wickedness i: 2. She was a native of Shunam,
he alnd his whole family-were swallowed hence called a Shunamite.




ABI                 L22]                 ABN
ikiSHdI- l-[Ab tioha'/-i,] tihe fa-ther' the head of the king's household troops'
of s aci fjice.                    that pursued Sheba, the son of Bichri,
A31Ir, IrA  Was the son of' Zeoluiah, wIhe  i he mnade insurrection  against
Dua    s,  ci':tr,  hence he was the king's David. 2cd Saimuel xx: 6. And when
nephev-,  as wTuas atlso Joab his brother.'Shimei cursed David, Abishai desired
kbis:h ai iwatus a vali-int warrior, and when to go to him and take off his head, but
serving in- David's army wsas one of his theo Icng would not allow him to do it,.
princip,1 generals.  When David was gi ving as the reason: "The Lord hLath
camiped in the- wvilderness of Ziph, and ipermitted him to curse me, why shall I
maul went out to dest-roy him with a comp!ain?   David then added, what
large company of wa-rriors coinpared to is -the cursing  of Shimei compared
Davd'fs handtful  of men, Abishai was with. the rebellion of Absalomn?   iy
with him.  David acsked  w-hen night son, which came forth of my bowels,
came on, "who will go  il th zme by night seeketh my life; how mlluch rmore -may
i;to thle cap of Saul?" for hie bha  this  enjamninite do? let him curse, for'earCned whe re Saunl  acd pitched his thie Lord hatlibiddeil him." Hose erved
tent-. Abishais cl     1 l  te  Iwoul David Iong anwed  tht he would  ing an ifully, and died with
go, and;lhe two togoether veent,, and as tihe hono0rs f an honorable and successthey passed the- sleeping guard, and ful warrior encircling his brow.
were appro.ching Saul, who was also
sleeping witAl.bner, thle son of Nor, A  TISUALO-i-[Ab-bi-sha'-to,] the
the-c altailn of his host near lhim, 2bi-   fath er of peace.
sha i   a     vske avid rd  theo privilege of'  A.mBriAiLOi  was the father of Maace
slaying Saul at once, eand'o r   hllim  ihah, who was the mother of Abijaih
forever of his eneml. But, David vould k in'of Judah.  1st nIings, xv: 2.
not; allow it. A.ishi,, thoTught it vei y
sttr2ange thatL Io would al0lo  his elnemly ABLTSUA-[Ab-bi-s h-ahj the fa.
th-is econd tirme to escape, for he had     ther of salvatfon.
been, in his power thus one; before.   ABIS-ItA Was  tlhe son of Phinlehas
The  ieason -David 2latowred Saul to es- and the fourth.. high priest of the Jews.
cape a beore eowas th  e   ic amreason that He succeeded bis father in that importallowed him  to esca-m now, viz'  Ie ant offce.  Ist Chron. vi: 50.
ou0d not ilnjuire the to-r'C  alinoinited.
Ahishai served David in his war with ABISHUR- [Ab-be-shur,] the fatherIshlbosheth, Saul's son. IHe also servec    of righ-eoteosness.
in the war with the Edomites, and cut   Amsi-riut was the son of Shammai,
off eighteen thosanrd of them  in the and is, referred to in the posterity of
Valley of Salt.  1st Chron. xvii: 12. Judah.  Ist Chron. ii: 28.
" tioreover Abishai, the son of Zeruiah,
slew of the Edomites in the Valley ABITAL          [A-b'-be-tl,] father of the
of Salt, eighteen tlousand.  When           cew.
David was engaged in a war with the   ABITA-Li was one of the wives of
Syrians and Aenmonites, Abishai coin- David.  In 1st Chron. iii: 3, she is
mnanded thlat part of the army which numbered as the sixth wife of the king,
routed the Anmmonites, as recorded in and Shephetiah wlas her son, born while
2d Samuel, x: 14:' Wi en the chil- David was in Hebron.
dren of Armmon saw the Syrians were
fled, then fled they also before Abi- ABNlER —   Abner,] the fther of light.
shai.                                     AsANEER, the son of Ner, was uncle to
In the war with the Philistines, he King Saul, and the commancder of his
killed the noted g-iant Ishlbiben'ob, who army.  He was Saul's first aid, and the
was about to destroy thoe life of David, plrominent person of his bodi-guarcd
as recorded ill 2d Sanmuel xxi' 16. At;when he was camped at Haehi!ah, and
another time Abishai s1owd hl imself a  )David was in the wilderness of Ziph.
man of great bratery in attacking and'When David and Allishai  entered
killing three 1indred  men nlone.  2d the camp of Saul by nieht, Abner was
Samuel, xviii: 2.  And in the accournt sleepingr at Saul's side Tnd did not perwe have of Absalom's reoellion,  we ceive the intlruders,  and lie was, 1 no
learn. that AM ishai coimmanded a third doubt, greatly astonished to hear the
part of the Linog's -army; and he was at I an whose life they were hunting, calt



ABN                  [231                ABIP
ing to him in the morning.  He had iebron, for he wished to converse with
been wondering  from  the time they lim miore fully. Abner ieturned and
arose from their camp-couch. what had went into the presence of Joab to learn,
become of Saul's spear and royal cruise. in all probability, more fully for what
But as David secured his attention he irntent the Ling had sent for him. Joab,
showed him the king's spear and the in order to avenge  his brother's death,
cruise of water that was at his bolster, or else moved by jealousy, imiet Abner
that had been taken away the night in salute and stabbed him  mortally.
before.  ] st Sam. xxvi: 5-14.         David, when inlorTmed of this, cormWhen Saul died Abner made Ishbo- plained much of Joab, and declared
sheth king, and for several years he himself and his kingdom  guiltless of
headed the troops under the authority Abner's blood-and lie showed his reof Saul's house.  Abner fought fre- gards for the departed by honoring hiim
quently with Davicl and his men, but with a splendid funeral-and he limlin nearly all the engagements met with self was one of the mourners, and coimloss.  l-ie suggested to Joab, the gen- posed for the occasion a touching eulogy
eral of David's army, at one time, a recorded in 2d Sam. iii: 33-34.
vcery foolish and cruel plan -bor testing
the strength, bravery and tact for fight- ABRAHAM — [A'bra-haim,] father' of
ing hand to hand of twelve men on          ncations.
eitfher side. He proposed that twelve   ABnuAnAM the son of Terah, was )born
of David's warriors should fight with at Ur, a city of Cha!dea.  I-He was disan equal number of his. Joab agreed tinguished more than any other of the
thereto, and the twenty-four men en- Patriarchs.  In his eventful life he was
gagcdl. They took each one his follow noted for his " faith in God," and has
3by the beard and thrust a sword into sometimes been styled the "father of
each others side, and so the twenty-four the faithful."  He was an extraordimen fell down dead together.          nary uman, possessing virtues and excelA  very severe battle followed this lencies beyond any other person whose
foolish slaughter, in which Abner and history the Bible records.  The moral
the troops of Ilshbosheth were lrmade to excellence lie attained, but few, if any,
Py.  Abner himself fled for his life, in all the history of man have attained
and was pursued very closely for death, unto. Hie presents the portrait of a
by Aksahel, the brother of Joab, who perfect man, for he walked before God
was very fleet of foot.  Abner found and was perfet.
that his pursuer was gaining on him    Of the early life of Abraham  we
and beggedl him? to stop, but he would know but little; he grew-up and became
fnot; he then struck Asahlel with his a man in the country of hiis birth, and
spear by a backl stroke and killed him. while there the "God of glory" apNot long after this, Ishbosheth ac- peared to him and said unto hlim, "Get
cused Abner of lewdness toward liz- thee out of, thy country and from thy
pah, his father's concubine.  On ac- kindred, and go into the land which I
count of this accusation Abner becarme shall show thee."  Abraham, though
enraged, and threatened not only to de- he had not probably been taught the
seort him, but betray the whole kingdonm  true worship of the true Gold-yet he
of his mnaster into the hands of David; believed —he obeyed the voice of God
and in order to effect this his threat, he who spake unto him, and lie went out
opened a correspondence with David, not knowingl whithJer he went.   Ms
andl afterwards had an interview with father Terah, and his brother Nahor,
him at Hebron.                         andcl his nephew Lot, went with hbum.
Joab heard of the interview  that They went to Ilaran, in iM~esopotaaia,
Abner had held with David, and the and lived there for a few years, when
manner in which David had treated  Terah died. Abraham, shortly after,
himz and his mnen, and remonstrated with Lot his nephew, left Nahor his
with David against depending upon brother in Iarenm and vwent into PalesAbner accomplishing what lie proposed. tine, having Saral his wife with him.
Hie gave it as his opinion that Abner A. remarka}ble promnise. about this time,
had only come as a spy-iancd then he was made to Abraham,, touching  the'
sent a nzessenger in the nalme of the seed of the woman tl at should bruise
king to invite Abner to come back to the serpent's Iecad.  It was in the fol




ABR                  [24]               ABR
lowing language: "In blessing thou tempest tossed soul is stilled-his reshalt be blessed, and in thy seed shall laxed nmuscles are strung and his arm
all the nations cf thel carth be blessed. " nerved to make the preparations for the
When an aged man this promise of sacrifice. Soon a rude altar appears
God was verified to him.  Sarah, his upon the mountain, and the fuel is
beloved wife, bare him  a son. And gathered for the fire; when all at once
when God would try the quality of his Isaac turns to his father and says,, " Fafaith he made him go up to Mount leo- ther, here is the altar, and here is the
riah and offer that son as a sacrifice. wood, but where is the sacrifice?"
This command musnat have fallen upon "' My son," said Abraham, "Gocl will
the ear and heart of Abraham  with provide hirmself a lamb for the burnt
ponderous weight, but "staggering not offering."
at the prolnise of God,  he made ready   Abraham then made known to Isaac
to perform this painful duty.         the command of God. Isaac gave himThe hours of the night on which he self up and submitted to be bound and
received this command passed away and laid upon the altar.  Heaven permitted
the morrnng arrived. I-le made ready the fond father when he had proceeded
to go to the designated place-his serv- thus far, to give his dear son what he
ants that were to attend him  made all supposed was a last fond embrace —then
things ready, and Isaac took an affec- nerving hinmself for the work, he drew
tionate leave of his mother. Behold back the knife to plunge it into the
the three as they stand within the tent bosom  of Isaac. Behold the scene!
just before the journey is cormmenced. And then think of this mountain as
Abraham atr lone knew tlle purpose of it looms up in moral grandeiur along
God regarding Isaac, and how it must the mountains of the Bible. IHere
have affected him as he looked umon where Isaac was bound and laid onl the
Sarah, knowing that she was loolk-ing altar, Solomon's temple was erected, in
upon her son Isaac for the last timne, which was an altar where sacrifices were
the purpose of God being carried out. offered and blood of fanima!s flowed, typSurely paternal love swelled in his he'rt ifying atonement for sin. Yet, oni this
till he could hardly refrain from whis- mountain God's earthly habitation was
pering in the ear of the motlher, " Isaae fixed. In the Sheehinah, in the h oliest
may never return "-but he did refriain, apartment of the temple, God dwelt
and with a heavy heart left Sarah in between the cherubims.  But not far
the tent. Abraham listened to tie in- from this spot where Isaac is bound on
nocent, boyish talk of his son as they an caltar, M)ount Calvary wats situated,
rode along, and every sentence of Isaac on which Jesus Christ was bound to a
was like a dagger piercing his heart —  Roman cross and poured out his blood
yet with solemn looks and melancholy as a libation for man.
feelings he traveled on, Isaac a1l the   But then Abraham  was stopped.
whilewondering at the seeming sadness While the angels of God in heaven
of his father.                        were looking upon the scene with the
At length they arrive at the moun- most intense anxiety —their eyes were
tain, and Abraham bids his attendants fixed upon the altar, the sacrifice and
tarry while he and the lad went up to the officiating priest, and they wondered
worship. The two together wended as to the result. The solemn stiliness
their way up the mountain side and the around them was broken by the voice
burden presses the heart of Abraham  of the Almighty saying: It is enough.'more and more. His affection for his The command was given a swift winged
child is increasing.  Isaac walks by his angel-Fly to the spot and stay the hand
side and receives a glance from his fa- of my servant that he slay not Isaac.
ther which seems to say, can I give him  The angel sped quicker than lightning
up?  3ly son is approaching manhood. to IMoriah, arrested the attention of
I have looked upon him with fond feel- Abraham by saying, " Lay not thy hand
ings from his earliest infancy. Ie is upon the lad, neither do thou anything
the son of my old age and the promised unto him, for now I know that thou
seed in whom  all the nations of the fearest God, seeing thou hast not with-;earth are to be blessed.  But he adds: held thy son, thine only son, from me.":He who gave me this son of promise Abraham  looked up and saw on the
has commanded and I must obey. His mountain a short distance from him a




A BR                [25]                ABR
fulfillment of the declaration he had Sodom, and he and his family were
made to Isaac, in a ram caught by the taken prisoners.  One of the family orh
horns in a thicket. He then unbound serva-nts of Lot escaped, and went and
Isaac, slew the ram, and the two to- told Abraham. He at once called together offered the sacrifice. A short gether the servants born in his own
time afterwards Abrahainm and Isaac house, numbering three hundred and
with joyful  hearts came down from  eighteen —made known to theml  the
the mountain, and with the servants captivity and peril of his kinsman, and
returned home-when we may suppose his determination to pursue the conSarah was made acquainted with the querors, then on the way to their own
trial of her husband's faith.         land with the prisoners and spoils,
Abraham has been styled, because of Abraham must have possessed indomhis trust int God, and his many virtues, itable courage to have meditated an
the Friend of God. When he left the attack upon these four victorious kings
land of Egypt and went to Canaan to and their armies. His true affection
dwell, he pitched his tent near Bethel, led him to risk his life, and the lives of
where years before he had lived, and his servants. He followed the army
where yet was the altar, it -may be on elated with victory, and overtook them,
which he had offered sacrifices to his and smote theml  with great slaughter.
God. His nephew Lot was living near These powerful kings fell before him,
him when he lived in Canaan before, and their army was cut down by his
and when ihe went down into Egypt he trained servants, as the grain is cut by
went with him, and this time as he en- the dlcxtrously swung scythe of the
ters Canaan  the two go together.  This mower.
gives us to understand that the mutual   Lot and his family and servants are
attachment of these two great men was recaptured, the goods retaken, and all
strong. But as evidence that Abraham  brought back again to the country of
possessed and  practiced  the purest Sodom.  If Lot was lacking to any exfi-iJndshbp toward Lot, we need but to tent in good feeling for Abraham before,
refer to his conduct there.           he surely was not after this bold, darTheir flocks had multiplied exceed- ing and effectual effort to release him
inigly, and their substance was great- and his faLmily from  the hands and
the land did not give sufficient pastur- power of his merciless captors.
age for the flocks of each, and more-   A beautiful scene presents itself afover, the men that had charge of the terwarcls in the history of this distinflocks of each were quarreling.  These guished Patriarch, in connection with
things required a separation. Abraham  the further judgments of God, as they
was determined to separate friendly, fell upon the cities of the plain.  On
and addressing himself to Lot he said: account of their wickedness they had
"Let there be no strife, I pray thee, been conquered, and their country laid
between me and thee, and between my waste by the four confederate kings.
herdmen and thy herdmen, for we be Lot living among them, though a
brethren."  He then directed Lot's at- righteous man, we have seen was taken
tention to the fact that the whole coun- by the conquerors. But now the Divine
try was before them, and waiving his Being is about to destroy them with fire
right of choosing a portion of the coun- from  heaven. Abraham  is made aetry first, and leaving the second choice quainted with the doom of the cities by
to Lot, he bade Lot make the selection one of the three angels in human form,
first. " If thou wilt go to the left hand, who made him. a visit and enjoyed his
then I will go to the right, or if thou hospitality in an abundant and healthy
depart to the right hand, tlhen   will go repast. Hie had conducted the men oh
to the left."                        their way from his tent a short distance,
But we see his affection and good when two of them went toward Sodom,
feelings for Lot, his nephew; exempli- while the other tarried in his presence
fled still further in the relief he gave and made him fully acquainted with the
him in a time of great need. When Divine purpose, to destroy the cities of
Chedorlaomer and the kings associated the plain.
with him conquered Sodom and Go-   Abraham  became deeply concerned
morrah, they pillaged the -cities and for the inhabitants, for his feelings were
took the goods of Lot, who dwelt in not confined to those of his own rela



ABR                   [26G                ABS
tion.ship —and he prayed earnestly for king's sons. As soon as Absalom knew
t.heir deliverance fromn the coming dce- it, he determined to take revenge, and.struetion.  So earnest was his prayer sought that revenge ibr two years,
and so strong was his faith in God, thlat when an opportunity was offered him
the request he made was answered. He and he kuilled Amnur on. I-e had a sheepasked the Lord if there were fifty right- shearing at Eaathazor, to which he ineous persons in the city he would  not vited all the kincL s sons, and Amnon
save the whole city for the sake of the amongst them.  Ite furnished  them
fity.  The Lord answered hi m  hle wine and Arznon drank untiil he was
would. But for Gfea  there were not drunk, whenAbLsalom ordered his servfifty, he asked if forsty-fie should save ants to kill hinm.  After Armnon was
it; then fort;y, afterwards thirty, then dead, he fled to Syria, fori he knew
twenty, and finally ten.  God assured th;at David would be grieved andi dishim then, that if there were but ten, for pleased at his course in the matter.
the sake of the ten he woulnd save tlenm  Absalom can by no means be justified,
all. IH-e supposed, in all probability, however much le lov d his beautiful
that in the family of his nelphew  here sister Tamar, and the probability is his
were at least ten persons, but in this lihe love for her was great, and that she
Twas mist-laken. Yet God saved Lot and reciprocated,' for she went to Absalomn
his daughters, while fire fronm  heaven and complained of the insult, injury,
consumned the eities and their inhabit- and disgraece done her, and becanie an
ants.                                  inmlat  of his house, and, it may be,
Abrahanm had smarried Keturah, who fled with hima when he went to G-eslur,
cherished him  in his old age.  And in Syria. 1His strong attachment for
when he was called to die, Isaac and Tanmar led hisil to rname his only ctaughIsBlmael stood together by his side and ter, we iaaly suppose, after lher, notlistened with interest to his last words. withstanding this disgrace done her.
After his death they united as dutifu2l 2d Sam. xiii: 23-37.
sons in the last sad office due an hon-   Absalorn remained  in exile three
ored parent.  They bear his cold re- years, when he was recalled by David,
mains to his faGmily vault — the cave at the instance of Joab, who prompted
of M[aehpelalh —-and lay it beside the an artful widow of Tekoahl to a speech
moulderiag remains of Sarah.          I'eigning the danger of her own son,
Whilst we admire the almost stain- vfho, she pretended, had killed his own
less character. through a long life, of brot-1her in a fit of passion. But after
this Patriarclh ofPatria-rchs, let us re- Absalom  was recalled, he lived two
nmelnber that the God whom lie served years in Jerusalem without being priv-who made him  so great ancd good —  ileged to enter the presence of his
will make us holy and happy if we sub- father.  He sent for Joab, with a view
mit to him; and when we die we shall of eommuning with him as to the cause,
sit down with Abrahaim in the kingdom  and to secure hial  as an advocate for
of our Father.  Genesis, xvi to xxvi; hinm with David his father.  For sonme
Rom. iv: 1-22; Gal. iii: 7; iv: 22; cause Joab refused to go to Absalom,
James, ii: 21.                         and Absalom, being determined to hsav6
his attention, set the fields of corn of
ABSALO31 —Ab'-sa-lom,] fcather of Joab on fire.  When lie came to Absapeace.                             lorn to get an understanding of' this
AnsOALo, the third son of King outrage, lhe learned the cause fr which
David, was greatly beloved by him. lie had done it.  Joab theln went to
HIis mother's name was Maacah, the King David anmd procured Absalom's
daughter of Talmaai, king of Geshur. admission to Iis court, and a reconciliHe was distinguished for his fine per- aIion was effected.  " le camle to the
son —a very comely man. Every year king and bowed himself on his face to
he cut the hair of his head, and it the grouid before the king; and the
weighed about six pounds.              king kissed Absalom. 
But lie was also distinguished for   It was not long after this reconeiliavice, and an unnatural rebellion, and tion until Absalonm prepared to usurp
open war unon his father. IHTe had a and ascend the throne of his father.
fair sister whose name was Talmar, who Ile p1)t Onl the airs of regal state by
was disgraced by Amnon, one of the I preparing him  "cha-riots and horses,




ABS                  [27]                ABS
and fifty men to run before him.:' H-e  zIrwas with Absalom  at thle instance of
began to maake effort to tuin the hearts David, that the counsel of the -brmer
of the people toward hima that Lthey might be turned to inught.  -Ie was
might settle upon him  as their lini g. consulted by Absalonm, and pretended
IIe knew himself to be of royal blood that the counsel that had just been
as tile son of Datvid and the grandson or given rwas not correct, as _David tand his
the king of GeshuI.  Amrnon, Datvid's mlen were brave and valorous, and, esoldest son, was dead, and probably pecially now, would be desperate in
Chiliab, the second son, was dead, )-r fight.  In order to flatter Absltlom's
we hear nothing of him; anCf he was vanity and give David time to put hinLthe third, and, therefore, sceemed to self in a position for defense, Hushai
stand nearest to the tirone. But he advised him to assenmble every uniar of
miani-fested a shocking  edogree of vile- Israel capable of bearing arms, and that
ness in seeking that thirone in the way Ihe Should commanand them  in person,
he clii, in his tlther's   lifetime.   and, with such a vast army, he would
Abalom  " stole the hearts of the without Iftil ruin David and his party,
people,  as lhe continued, day after whlerver he found them. This advice
day, to stcand in or beside the gates and was approved and followed.  Absalom
salute theni anld realson with thetm, to collected'and  alarshalled his troops.
the effect that his ifther was not doing  lTe 1 arincheCd over Jordan to attack his
them justice, and if lie was in power father.  A  battle was fought ina the
he would meet their wants  and  wood of Ephraim.D. Dvids gceneral
7wishes.                               had hd tieui to select a f-iavorab!le batAbsaloam made out in mundl his con- tl  ground, and put his troops, well
spii'cey and then askec  of ]David. his trained, in a proper position.  B ut
fMather the privilege of gooing to HIebron Absalom  headed a raw, undisciplined
that hle might perf-orm a vow unto God host; and it was not long after the batthat lie had nmade wheo in Syria, viz: tBe commnienced until the probability of
If the Lord shall bring me again, in- a defeat began to dispirit Absalom's
deed, to Jerusalem,   then I will serve men.  They broke ranks and fled; and
the Lord."  The king gave his per- the woods devoured muore people that
milssion, and he went to Hebron, at- day than the sword devoured.
tenlded by two hundred persons of note,   David had been particularly careful
who wTere all ignorant of his designs. to order Joab and his other generals to
oe soon openedc his mind to them;, and, spare the life of his rebellious son, for,
through heralds, caused it to be pro- notwithstanding his cruelty and treaclaimed all through Israel that Absa- son, David loved him.  But in the
loll reigned in I-ebron.  Ahithophel, flight that Absalom  made when his
one of David's principal counsellors, men had deserted him, as hfe  rode rn-'upon an invitation from  Absalom, re- pidly throughl the wood, "his head
volted to himn, and the body of the caught in the boughs of an oak, alnd
Israelites followed his example. David the mule went away."  The Alinighty
was compelled,  when he saw that there God, in His providenzce, did for hint
was but a handful of men left, to fly what David his father probably would
fron Jerusalenm.                       not have done, because of his affection
Ahittophel became Absalom's coun- for him, viz: executed him by hanging
selloer as hIe had been  David's; and one him  for his rebellion  and treason.
of the first outrages couinmitted by the When Joab was informed that Alsanewly made king was under his coun- lom was hanging in an oak, he imiaesel, viz: the publicly defiling often of diately went to the spot and thrnst
his father's concubines.  He etlen ad- three darts ttrough the heart of Absavised Absalom to give himn the coml- Iom, and so ended his sufferings.
mnand of t.welve thousand men, and he   Absalom, in the days of his life, Ilac
would pursue David, who was flying, reared a proud monument to his fanme,
with a inere handful of men, for his in the king's dale, but he had not the
life. He would overtake him, appre- honor to be buried there. His lifeless
endc and destroy hiin. This counsel corpse was taken down fron the tree
was very proper to answer the end so and cast into a pit, as the carcass of an
mueh desired by Absalom. But Hu- aninal, and a heap of stones thrlown
shai, another of David's coeunsellor, over him.  We do not know whether




ACH                  [28]              ACi
his father had it removed to a more   It was customary in those dlays, and
honorTable sepulchre or not.          even later, wh'en a doubtful matter was
David, when satisfied that Absalom  to be settled and the counsel of those
was dead, mourned for him  wit-h a concerned was insurficient to settle the
great mourning.  His lamentation was matter, to ask direction of God. They
very pathetic.  "0, my son Absalom. did so here in this case, in order to find
Miy son, my son, Absalom.  Would out the sinner. And God directed that
God I had died for thee. 0, Absalom, thle whole assembly of Israel sanctify
my son, my son."  2d Sam. xviii: 33.  themselves and prepare for a soleimt
search on the morrow. They did, makAC-.AICUS-[A-ka/-i-kus,] a native ing the search to consist of determining
of cAchaic.                       by lot. Joshua caused the tribes of
AcIIAIcuJS was a disciple of Christ, Israel to pass before him, and the tribe
whoere Paul recommended to the Cor- of Judah mwas taken.  He then caused
inthiansO.  1st Epis. xvi: 17. In corn- the fanilies of that tribe to come bepany with Stephanus and Fortunatus, fore him, ancd the family of the Zarhe is  -entioned by the apostle very hites was taken. Then Zabdi of that
honorably, and Paul acknowledges their family -was taken, and as the individkindness to himnL                     uals of Zabdi's family passed before
him, Achan, the son of' Carmi, was
AC  AN —K[A/-kan,] lie that tiroZtbes taken.  I-e at once confessed his sin
anzd bruizses.                    and brought forth the stolen goods, so
Ac1r-IAN was of the tribe of Judah, that all Israel could see them.  Then
of the families of Zerah, Zabdi and Achan, and his children, and cattle,
Carmi. He was with Israel wh e n were publicly stoned to death and their
they went over Jordan and connmmenced dead bodies, with his furniture, they
their conquest of the land of Canaan. burned to ashes in the valley of GilI-He heard, with others, the express gal, called from that event Achor, or
charge of Joshua regarding the spoils, the valley of Achor; and a great heap
but contrary to that charge, actuated of stones was cast on them.
by covetousness, he seized a Babylonish   In the unfortunate Acban we obseroe
garment, a wedge of gold, and two hun- a violater of God's law and authority,
dred shekels of silver, and hid theim in and in his death a noted instance of
his tent, intending to appropriate to thoe vengeance  of God on the transhis own private purposes that. which gressor.  Joshua, vii: 22, &c.
God had determined should be destroyed, viz: the garment, and tihat AC  BOR -[Ak/-bor,] a rcat, brutisn9g
which should be plaeed in the Lord's   AcnBon   was one of the officers of
treasury — the silver and gold.  The King Josiah, who was sent to consult
people lad lnot gained the victory, but the prophetess Huldah concerning the
God had overthrown the city, and they long lost copy of the law formed by
were to have no share of the spoils, for Hilkiab.  2d Kings, xxii: 14.
they had no share in the conquest.  It
all belonged to the Lord. The divine ACHEI3T-[A-kim,] prep-aring, co n.
Being was offended with the crime        firming, revenging.
committed by Achan, and declared his
indignation by allowing the army of   AcmaM  was the son of Sadoc, and
Hebrews, that went to take Ai, to be the father of Elihud, of the tribe of
defeated and suffer a loss of thirty-six Juclah. His name occurs in the genemen. Joshua inquired of the Lord the alogy of Jesus Christ. I-Ie.was, therecause of their defeat, and was informed 1fore, in the line of the Messiah. Math.
that one of the people had sinned in i: 14.
"the accursed thing."  Some one had
taken of the spoils in the taking of ACHE AM, oR AHIRAM-[A-hy/Jericho, and had hid what they had        ram,] brother of craft, protection.
taken among their stuff within the
camp. God theninformed Joshua that   ACEImRI, or ArHIRAmI, was a chief
the offender must be found out and of one of the families of Benjamin,.punished before he would give them  when they came out of the land of
further conquest.                     Egypt.  Num. xxvi: 38.




ACil                 [29]               ADA
ACHISHI-[A/-kish,] th7us-t is, how is him  ask of her father a certain field,
this?                            on which probably she had set her
AcaIms was the king of Gath. When heart.  Othniel her husband agreed to
David fled from  the fury of Saul, he the request, and Achsab, having a fawent to this king, who received him  vorable opportunity, made it herself.'
kindly, we may judge from the account -Her father saw the desire to say somegiven in 1st Sam. xxi: 11. But it was thing to him  and asked her what i.t
not long until the servants of King was.  She said, in substance, to him:
Achish reminded himl that this David "My father, grant me a particular rewas the warrior of Israel, who had slain quest."  Caleb intimated that he would
their giant Goliath and conquered them  do it, and asked her what it was. She
in a noted battle. That the hearts of said:  "Thou hast given mle a soutbh
the people of Israel were with him, and land; give me also springs of water."
if not in fact king, he was virtually, for And he did, even more than sl.e asked.
the people had sung one to another of She probably asked only one district of
himn in dances: "Saul hath slain his country that hail springs of water; but
thousands, and David his tens of thou- he gave her two, " the upper springs
sands."  This led David to be afraid and the nether springs.'  He gave her
of Achish, and in order to eflect his a region of country in the mountains
escape he reigned himnsef mad, which and another in the plains well watered.
led the king to send him fiom him, and   Aelhsah  may have lived to see her
so he escaped to the'cave of Adullam. husband judge Israel; and, for aught
About four years  tter this David we know, she enjoyed, if not all, a part
came to Achish again.  lHe received of the f>rty years of peace consequent
him kindly, and gaxve him with his sol- upon the deliverance that Othniel
diery, the city of Ziklag to dwell in. wrought, and his wise ruiin g as judge.
After David had lived nearlv two years
in Ziklag, Achish required David with ADAH-i, 1-[Ay'-dah,] an assembly.
his men to enter his service and fight   ADA1  was one of the wives of Lawith him  against the Hebrews, and lmech, and Zil!alh the other.  La.mech
promised to make him and his men his had two wives, and was the first man
body-.guard, to which David agreed, who broke into what we nmay suppose
but the lords of the Philistines comu- was the divine order regarding malplained.  They bitterly objected to it. riage, viz: that each man should be
Achish, therefore, dismissed David. the husband of one wife. " Thereupon
The above account is recorded in 1st shall a man leave his father and his
Sam. 27 and 28.                       mother and shall cleave unto his wife,
and they twain shall be one flesh."
ACHSAH-[Ak/-sah,] cadorned, burst- This was the beginning of polygamy.
ing of the veil.                  The names of these wives are given in
AcIISAtH was the daughter of Caleb, Gen. iv: 19.
the son of Jephunneh, who was one of   The affections of Lamech were dithe two spies that brought back fronm  vided upon the two women who were
the promised land a favorable report. sustaining the same relation to him;
Achsah was given to Othuiel,'her and this was the first case of the kind
cousin, as a wife, in consideration of in the history of humanity,  Yet there
his having smitten the city of Kirjath- does not seem to have been dissatisfacSepher.                               tion or jealousy manifested, the one
Caleb had received Hebron as his toward the other. They seem alike to
inheritance from Joshua, who ruled in have been honored by him, and when
Israel and appropriated the tribes their the difficulty was upon Lamech, [reinheritance. Joshua, xiv, 13. He had ferred to in Gen. iv: 23,] he addressed
driven out the three sons of Anak, his wives together:  "And Lamech
Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai, and said unto his wives Adah and Zi!lah:
now he offers his daughter, as a wife, Hear my voice, ye wives of Lamech;
to whoever will smite the city. His hearken unto my speech, for I have
nephew Othniel performed the fetat slain a man to my wounding, and a
and claimed Achsah.  She was accord- young man to my hurt. If Cain shall
ingIy given, and, as she entered on the 1be avenged sevenfold, truly Lamech
marriage relation with him, she bade seventy and sevenfold."




ADA                  [30]               ADA.
It is thoughlt Lamecl  had slain a ADA AH, 3 —The witness of the Lord~
muan in self defense, and his wives were   ADATAm was a Benjamite, and the
alarmed lest the friends of the deceased son of Shimhi.  1st Chron. viii: 21.
should seek to destroy his life in return; and he quiets their fears by this ADAIAIH, 4 —The witness of the Lorcl
speech, which probably means, "if God   ADAIA-I was a priest, and the son of
did not allow Ca(in's willful murder of Jehoram.
his brother avenged, surely he will not
allow the act that I have committed, ADAIAT   5 —The -witness of the Lord.
which was in self-defense, to be visited   ADaTATr was an ancestor of Maaseiah,
with death. If the avenger of Abel's one of the captains who supported Jedeath should suffer a sevenfold pun- hoiada. 2d Chron. xxiii: 1.
ishment, surely the avenger of the
young man's death, whom I have slain, ADAIAH, 6- The witness of the Lord.
shall be a seve'nty-sevenfold punish-   ADATAIT- was one of the descendants
ment."                               of Bani, who had married a foreign
Adahi was the mother of Jabel, the wife after the return from  Babylon.
famous shepherd, " the father of such Ezra, x: 290
as dwell in tents, and of such as have
cattle."  She was also the mother, we ADA IAHN, 7- -he witnessqf the Lorc.d
suppose, of Jubal, the lamous mlusi-   ADATAIT was the descendant of anclan, for he is said to be the brother other Bani, who had also taken a forof Jabel.  If he had not been the son eign wife. Ezra, x: 39.
of the samne mother, he would have
been only a half' brother. Adah may ADAIAH, S —The w;itness of the Lord.
have been the amother, as also Zillah,   ADAAIAI  was-a man of Judah, of the
of several other children, for we have line of Pharez.  Neh. xi: 5.
no account of Lamech marrying other
wives; and yet it is said "He lived,.AD,A/ — [Ad'am,] earthy, takden. ont
after he begat Noah, five hundred,       of 9red earth.
ninety and five years, and begat sons   ADAAI was the first man, and father
and daughters."                      of the human race. The account given
of his origin is brief, yet clear. After
ADATH, 2-An acssembly                God had made the heavens and the
ADAII was a wife of Ea., and is earth, and separated the light from the
referrled to in the genealogy of EsanL darkness, he made the firmament,, and
and his sons by his Canaanitish wives. separated the waters above the firmtaGen. xxxvi:  "lAdah, the daughter of ment from the waters below it-then
Elon the Hittite. "  Adah was the mo- formed the earth and seas, clothing the
ther of Eli phaz.  She seems to be earth with herbage. Then followed the
called by the name of Bashemath in creation of the celestial luminaries, sun,
Gen. xxvi: 34. For Bashemath was moon and stairs, to give light by day and
the daughter of Elon the Hittite, and by night; also to measure time and.
she was the mother of Reuel. Gen. make periods and seasons of the rolling
xxxvi: 10.  " Reuel, the son of Bashe- years. Then followed the creation of
math, the wife of Esau."             fish, fowls and reptiles in generalaquatic animals, and all cattle and aniADAIAAH, 1-[Ad/-a-yah,] the wiztess mals that were to subsist on, or derive
of the Lord.                     nourishment from the earth. And then
ADAIAI was the grandfather of King the crowning work was performed-man
Josiah, and a native of Boscath, in was made.  "And God said, Let us
the low lands of Judah. 2d Kings, make man in our image, after our likexxii: 1.                             ness, and let him have dominion over
the fish of the sea, and over the fowls.
A.PATAIAH, 2-The witness of t e of the air, and over the cattle, and over
Lord.                            all the earth, and over every creeping
ADATAI1 was a Levite of the Gersho- thing that ereepeth upon the earth. So
mite branch, and the ancestor of Asaph.'God created man in his own imnage, in
1st Chron. vi: 41.                   the image of God created he him, male
and female created he them."




ADA                  [31]               ADA
The manner in which mnan was created they denote some peculiarity of the peris narrated by the sacred historian, viz: son they designate. Adam's knowledge
"Andd the Lord God formed man of the was complete. And is not this circumdust of the ground, and breathed into his stance a strong proof of the perfection
nostrils the breath of life, and he became and excellence of man while in a state
a living S,. "  There is a superiority of innocence?  Amnong the numerous
in the mechanism of the human form  beings CGod had forlmied, there was no
over any other creature that God had fit companion for Adam; and the great
made.  11- is made to walk erect, while Creator determlined to lmake him  an
all other animals move in soime other helpmeet, and the following is the stateway. I-e is constructed so that he can nient given of the creation of woman:
use his bodily powers and the different 6"And  the Lord God caused a deep
parts of his beautiful form  with ease sleep to fall upon Adam, ancl he slept;
and appropriateness.  There is majesty and he took one of his ribs, and closed
and true greatness marked in the human up the flesh instead thereof.  And the
body when it is compared with the body rib which the Lord God had taken fiomr
of any other animal, and it is not to be man, made he a wouman, aznd brouglht
wondered at that the inspired writer, her unto the ma n."  Adamja recognized
when contemplating it, exclaimed, "'] her at once as a proper helpimecet for
ama fearfully and wonderfully made —  him, and by intuition, or by immediate
marvelous are thy worls."              revelation firoin God, he knew how s1he
But man was made to govern the had been fobied, fbr h1e said, "This is
world.  God gave him dominion over novw bone of my bone and flesh of mly
everything else he had made.  T-e  as flesh. She shall be called womnan, bethe last, the masterpiece of creation. causle nolne was taken out of ma n.
Everything was prepared for his sub-   Adam and his comlpanion thus bergan
sist.ence, convenience and pleasure. life, under the grand law of love. But
The house was built and furnished, then a precept was given theml.  I say the7?,
man wasmade totenant the house. H-1e because Eve, as soon as she took her
was to be the nmaster of everythuing else plae beside Adacm, became one with
God had made, and hence the dolin- him, and was aunder th'at precept.  T'he
ion and authority m7as givenl lhim by his precept was Eiven as a test of obedience
ereat.or. The sceptre was placed in his and a proof of dependence on tiho Crehand to rule, and God who made him  ator, as well as ia proof that the state
canacitated him for rule.              on which Adam badc entered vwas a trial
Akdam  possessed, when in his prim- or probationary state.
eval state, a large degree of knowledge.   Adaml took his position in Eden unNot only were his bodily powers devel- der the precept, " Of the tree of kLnowloped-fbr lie was formed a full grown edge of good and evil, thou shalt not
man-but his powers of mind were also eat of it; for in the day thou eatest
developed, and the feelings of his heart thereof thou shalt surely die."  It was
were under sa-nctifying influence.  He not long after Eve was formed until l1he
was made in the image of God, which was tempted to take of the forbidden
consists of righteousness and true holi- fruit.  The enemy succeeded in plantness. The image of God's own immor- ing the spirit of pride in her heart.
tality was stamped upon his moral na- Desiring to be what Satan had told her
ture. But we may gather some idea of they should be, "'as gods knowing g ood
his knowledge in the fact narrated in and evil," and "seeing that the tree
Gen. ii: that when God caused the an- was good for food, and that it was p)leaRimals to pass before Adam, he gave ant to the eyes, and a tree to be dlesirec
names to them all. Hoew came he to to make one wise, she took of the fruit
do this?  I answer, froum an intimate thereof and did eat, and gave also to
knowledge of the nature and properties her husband with her and hlie dicl eat"
of each creature, for he gave to every The deed is done-God's law is violated,
animal an appropriate name. It is well and the dark pall of iniquity is drawn
understood that the names given to over the nature of hlilm who, a few nodifferent animals in scripture, always ments before, was pure.  The Al1seein
express somae feature and prominent eye was upon. them when their fidelity
characteristic of the creature. And so was being tested, and when they gave
it is with the proper names of the Bible; way to the temptation, the recording




ADA                  [32],              ADA
ianlel that had written so far the history   There is no account of the family of
of their lives, which presented no stain Adam further than these two sons and
on their character or flaw in their con- Seth, except that M3oses tells us that
duct, was compelled to make the regis- "Adam begat sons and daughters;'"very
ter: iJcmis ~cfallen! God's creature has likely many of them, for the population
revolted.  Oh, what sensations must of earth increased rapidly, and Adam
Adam's fall have produced amzong an- lived nine hundred and thirty years.
gels in heaven! They knew no way   Adam has been considered a type of
of escape from the awful dilemma into the Lord Jesus Christ; hence St. Paul
which sin had hurled them. They saw  calls Christ the "second Adam," or calls
that the door of heaven was closed-  Adam " the figure of him who was to
that God's favor was fully forfeited. come." We may mention, as concisely
And Adam  and his fallen companion as possible, some points of analogy, or
felt it equally.                      we may look at a few of the striking
In his extremity God had compassion lineaments of "the first Adam," in
upon man, and in the Infinite and which the features of "the second AdEternal Miind the plan of salvation, in- am   may be traced. This typical revolMing the death of Christ, was formed, lation m ay be considered sometimes in
and G-od gave to man, in the condem- similitude, and sometimes in contrast.
natory language to the serpent, the Adaim was formned by God, and Luke,
promise of a Deliverer.               in tracing the genealogy of C(hrist on
AdBam grasped that promise, and no the side of his mother, the virgiz Jactry,
sooner was lie driven from Eden under calls Adam  thle son of God. -le was
the blighting, withering curse of sin-  the immediate offspring-the direct
a slave of passion and a victim  of grief, workmlanship -of the great Creator.
than he began to offer sacrifice to God, So Christ was the son of God-the
and look, through the typc, for the " only begotten of the ather."  Adams
promised atonement for sin; and it is was created in the image of God, which
quite likely that the covering or cloth- consisted in righteousness and true heing lie umaade from the skins of animals, liness; but Christ is the express image
was the skins of anilals offered in sac- God's person. as well as "the brightrifice. That promise of "the seed of ness of His, the Father's glory."
the woman that was to bruise the head    "The first Adam was made a living
of the serpent," was the all-important soul, the second Adam a quickening
theme for meditation with Adam and spirit.."
1Eve, and while the curse that was pro-   All the generations of the human
nounced upon him, "in the sweat of race hlave sprung from  Adam - and
thy ace shalt thou eat bread," was be- fallen in him, for his currupt fall has
ing endured from day to day, he rejoiced tainted every member of his family.
in the promised deliverance and antici- Because of his sin, death has passed
pated the close of his earthly career and upon all men, for that all have sinned
the joys of a purer clime.           in hilm. HIow eminently did he thus
Unto Adam and his wife were born prefigure that one nzan, by whose rightsons-C-ain the first-born and Abel the eousness the free gift comes upon all
second. These sons grew up by each unto justification oflife. No man, since
others side and enjoyed the pleasures Christ has become the atonement for
of life with their parents, but in an evil sin, will be lost for Adam's transgreshour Cain slew Abel, and the anguished sion. The platform of the atonement
parents looked on the lifeless form of is wide as the world is wide-the arms
the second son, murdered by his own of Jesus' mighty heart encircle the entrother. There, in the cold form of tire family of man. All will be saved
their Abel, was the first emblem of their in Christ who are not accountable for
own mortality.  What a trial for these their conduct, as infants, idiots, and
first parents. Their elder son a mur- probably a part of the heathen world,
derer —the second son the murdered —  and all that are accountable who will
and they called upon to deposit in the be saved, may be saved, upon a comearth the mortal remains, while that pliance with the conditions-of salvation
part of the curse sounded in their ears, -repentance and fhaith. Adam was the
"dust thou art and unto dust shalt thou glory of the first creation and former
return."  dispensation; Christ was the glory and




ADB                  [33]                ADI
excellenecy of the new creation, which ancestors of Christ, according to the
we call redemption, and of the latter flesh.  Luke, iii: 28.
dispensation.':" Reldemption't was creation more sublime.'                   ADER. - [A-der.]
In Adam  human  nature shone in   ADIEM was a Benjanaite and the son
beautifuLl colors in the first state; but of Beriah. He was chief of the inhabiby the transgression he tarnished that tants of Aijajon.  1st Chron. viii: 15.
nature.  In Christ the lost beauty is
restored, and many lost relationships to ADIEL, I —[Ad'-i-el,] a wzitness of the
God regained.  And human nature is         Lord.
presented again in loveliness in the per-   AnIEL was a, prince of the tribe of
son of the risen and ascended Iledia- Simeon land descendled fron the prostory Savior.                          peroxs faimily of Shiiei. He took part
We look on Jesus on the mount of in the murderous raid made by his
transfiguration and think of the gloriaf- tribe upon the peaceftil s hepherds in
cation awaiting our huranity. We see the valley of Gideon, during the reign
him, after his resurrection, appearing of Hezekiah.  1st Chron. iv: 36-43.
at the tomb-at the sea-side-in the
country-and in the room in Jerusalem  ADIEL, 2-A- wzitesss of the Lord.
when the disciples mert. We hear himl   ADIEL was a priest and ancestor of
saying to unbelieving Thomias, i Handle eMTaasiai.  1st Chron. ix: 12.
me, for a spirit hath not flesh ancl blood
as ye see me have. "  And we see the APIEL,  3 —A witn~ess of thCe Lort
human nature gloried i  hleaven as   AD:IEL was an ancestor of Azmlaveth,
our Advocate, "touched with tbe feel- the treasurer of King David.  1sting of' our infirmities," pleads for us. Chron. xxvii: 25.
As he is, so shall we be.  " We shall
be like him, for we s1all see him, as ADIN —[Ad/-din,] adorncted, dakinty.
he is."                                  ADIN was the ancestor of a family
Adaml and Christ bear a striking re- who returned with Zerubbabel to the
semblance in respect to dominion and number of six hundred and fifty-five;
authority.  "'Thou m adest him  to and there were several others of that
have dominion over thle works of Thy fmily that accompanied Ezra from.
hands."  Christ, we are assured, when Babylon, and they joined themselves
here among men, exercised unllimited with Nehemiah, the Tirsbatha, in a
authority over the whole natural world, covenant to separate themselves from
and in a manner to which Adam could the heathen.  Ezra, ii: 15; viii: 6;
not pretend; for things visible and in- NeB. x: 16.
visible were under his control.  The
devils fled at his command-the winds ADINA- FA-ndi/-n.all.1
and waves obeyed him-diseases of all   ADrNa  was one of David's captains
kinds were cured at his word —cripples beyond the Jordan and a chief of the
were made sound-and even the dead IReubenites.  1st Chron. xi: 42.  He
came back to life at his pleasure, while is represented as having command of
the grave, when he spake, yielded its thirty men; Lut it is supposed that the
victim, and the worms gave up their rendering ought to be, that there were
food.  Gen. i, ii, iii, v; Rom. v: 12-19; thirty officers inferior to him, just as
1st Cor. xv: 21.                      Benaiah was superior to the thirtynamed in 1st Chron. xxvii.
ADBEEL — [ Ad'-be-el,] a vapor, a
a cloud of God, a vexer of God.    ADTNO-[A-di/-no.]
ADBEEL was one of the sons of Ish-   ADINO was an Eznite.  He is called
mael and the head of a powerful tribe in 2d Sam. xxiii: 8, the Taechmonite,.
or family of the Ishmaelites.  Genesis, but in 1st Chron. xi: 11, Jashobeam
xxv: 13.                              the I-Jachnmonite. Hie was one of David's three mightiest heroes.  Next to
ADDI-[Ad'-di,] mqy woitness, adornCeC   Adino was Dodo the Alhlite, and after
passage, prey.                    hina was Shamnromab the Ilararite. There'
ADuT was the son of Cosam and the are thirty-seven valiant men of David
father of Ielhi.  Ile was one of the mr1entioned in 2d Sarm. xxiii: 8-39. This,
3




bADL                 [34]                 ADO
\Alino  "lifted up his spear against were not so serupulous, and there is no
cioght hnndred whom  he oslew at one- law which forbids theim to pronounceit.
tine.' 2d Sam, xxiii: 8.
ADONIBEZEK — [Adc'-o-ne-bee -zek]
ADLT -  [Acd-la/-i,] my witress, my        T'he ligfhtniog of the Loord, the Lord
o1ITazMne et.                           of Bezeze/.
ADLAT was a herdsman and one of   AsIONI. ExzEE, the king of Bezek, was
the principal ones- in charge of:David's taken as a    i captive by the associated
herds.  1st Chron. xxvii: 29.           tribes of Judah and -Simon sometime
after the dealth of Joshua.  They took
AD3.TA.TA- -[Adl -ma-tha]h,    a clovtd  his capitol and inade him a prisoner,
(c!f (eath, a nortal vat0 por.    and they punished him  by cutting off
ADMA, I-A v as one of the principal his thumbs and great toes, that he
officers of King  Ahasuerus, referred to mright never again be able to draw the
with others, in Est. i: 14.             bow, or handle the sword in war.  He
seems to have  acknowledged, in this
ADNA — A'dn/-n] a                       punishment, a just vengeance upon him
AD.NA Was a Levite, who married a fior his cruelty toward conquered prinwif contrary  to Jewih lIaw, duling the ces in Canaan in the days of his proscaeptivity, Vut after the return C' the perity. In Judgces i: 7 he says, "Three
Jews he for ookb hoe.  Ezra, x: 3, &e. score anc ten kiLgkhs having their thumbs
tHe, with seveal  ot hers, hat  taken a a and thelr g"e t- toes cut off, gathered
stranfo1 wi-fe.  Btt they al ente-;ced into their nmeat under nay table: as.I have
a solemon covenast to put theml a-ay, done so Go;d hath requited me."  He
with the children that wvere born unto seems to havre the knowledge of the
them.                                   true God, aid a proper idea of a Divine Priovidenee. n Je feels that God
ADN AH:  1-[Ad'-ntah] r-te  t tm aionoy, has brought him to the sa.ne state and
cternal.                           condition to which he had cruelly reA  NA was a wnarrior of tli  tribe of duced the kings whom  lie had connanasseh,  who joined the party of queled. In this miserable condition lle
King:David.  Ist Chron. xii: 20,      was btrought t.o Jerasalemn, and there he
died.
ADNAH, 2 —e.st, t             etrnal.    The thraee —score and ten kings that
ADNATI  was one of aKing Jehosha- lihed been taken by him, probably about
plhat's generals3  ETe w3as of the tribe the time Joshua entered Canasan, were:of Judab, and a chief among the war- simply chieftains or heads of sone tribes
riors.  2d Chron. xvii: 1i4.           inhabiting the l!and; or it imay be they
were simply military officers.
ADONAI —[Ad/-o-na, [ my Lord.
ADONAT iS one of the plural namees ADONIJAT —       [_-roi/-jah] the Lord
of the Deity.  The Jews use this name       is my naster.
for soie cause or other, instead of the   ADOMNJAi-R was the fourth son of
namC Jehovah.  It may be their rever- King David, born at HEebron. Amnnon,
once  for God, and  awe excited  by the oldest, had been killed by Absathe manifestation made to Moses at lorn; and.Absalomn  was killed in the&
lHoreb, or the divine power displayed rebellion against _David; and Chileab
when M[oses went with Aaron his bro- wags either dead or inactivte, for we hear
thler to satisfy the elders of Israel that nothing of him;l ard David himself,
God inteneded to emancipate them, or thoue-gh  not a very old man, was feeble
when he stood before Pllharaoh and de- and infirm.
meanded their freedom.  God said unto   Adonijah nade an attempt to-seize
Mi3oses, " I ale the Lord and I appeared the kingdom of Tsrael and reign in the
unto Abraham, unto Isaac, and unto stead of his fA.tther. Like Absalom, his
Jacob by the nanme of God Almighty, brother, he prepared himself a royal
but by my nam1e Jehovah was I not equipage of clariots, horses and horseknown." - The Jews o-f modern times men, and fifty rena to run before hlim~.
read Adonai in the room of Jelhovah as David, the king, oaw all this, but did
often as they meet with the name in not suspect his full designs.  He certihe iHebrewi text.  The ancient Jews tainly intended S0olomon, the son of




ADO                3o]                  ADO
Bathshcba, to reign -after him; but yet in his designs in asknlag for Abishag for
be was not displeasedl with Acdonijah's a wife.  lst Kings, i: 5-25,
display, nor did hIe interfere with him
until ble - wa: informed by Nathan, the ADON{A- AM —[Adt-o-nii-kam,j the
prophet, of thle fact that A doniaiah had  lord is raised, my L-ord.a.t7l
waxed powerful, and that Joab, the         raised ame.
general, and Abiathar, the high priest,   ADONIKAM was one of the captives
were with him; tha th te king's sons, who returned from the Babylonian capexcept Solomlon, were then attending a tivity.  HI-e is mentioned  in Ezra, ii:
feast, or splendid entertainment, at En- 1.3, with six hundred and sixty-six of
rogel, and were making him king; that his family or relationship, who went up
all the great men of the nation were with Zerubbabel from Babylon to Jejoining the new king, except the few rusalem and Judah.
that were interested lobr Solomon.      There are two things that Ihavie been
]David listened to Nathan, the pro- noticed rather renarkable, respecting
phet, and Bathsheba, the amother of Adonikam.  The first is his nanme as a
801olomon, as they applied to him, The character of Antichrist, and the second
opposers of Adonijabl were ordered, at is his children numbered six hundred
once, to anoint Solomnon to -the throne. and sixty-six, correspoCnding with the
As soon as hie was made kinTg and the number of the beast. Rev. xiii: 18.
-shouts of applaunse went out for him,   "Let him  that hath under-standing
Adonijah and  is pa-rty b3ecame alarmed  count the nunmber of the beast, for it is
and dispersed, wishing, no longer to be the number of a man, and his nurnber
known as connected with the move- is six hundred, three score and six."
menat. Adonikah himself flew for protection to the sanctu-uary and took hold AONI.RAM -[ Ad-c-o-V-ram, ] my
of thle horns of thle altaI, and plead for  Lord is mnost hi'qh,,tze Lord of
his life. The iewly made king  Solo-      mnzght and elevation.
mon was inufomed of his position and   ADoNiRA2m was the principal receiver
terror, and sent hbin word lthat his life of Solomon's tribute. He was probably
should be safe, provided he demeaned the salme as is mentioned in 2d Sam,
himself propedry in the future.  He xx: 24, called Adoram, who was the
came and presented hinself before Sol- chief receiver of the taxes for David.
onmon, and was forgiven, and, by the [t is likely that Solomon retained himl
king, ordered to retire to his own house. in that office. When Hiram, king of
After the death of David, Adonijali Tyre, made a league with Solomon to
set his heart upon the beautiful young furnish materials for the building of
volman who had chiar e of'his father the temple, Solomon raised a levy of
during the last year of his lil, and de- thirty thousand men and sent them to
sired hler for a wife; and, so great was the forests of Lebanon to cut -and hew
his desire, lie asked the queen mother timbers with the Sidonians, and he
to intercede with Solomon in his be- placed Adoniram over the levy as suhalf, tlat Abishag night be given him  perintendent of the thirty thousand
to be his wiie. Solomon suspected this men.
as a project, on the pait of Adonijah,
to obtain the kingdom, and ordered ADONIZE:DEKI-[Ad'-o-ne-zee'dek]
Benaiah, his general, to kill him, and    justice of the _Lord.
he did.                                 ADONTZEDlEK was the king of JernIt is very doubtful whether Solomon salenm when Joshua with Israel entered
was justifiable in this act, or whether the land of Canaan. When he was in-.Adonijah at all deserved death.  b-ie formed that'Joshua had taken Jericho
knew that Abishag, th6 Shunreamite, and Ai, and that the Gibeonites had
was selected for David ad n  married to given themselves up to Israel, lhe joined
him  without any special affection on himself with the kings of Hlebron, Jarthe part of either, and that she had muth, Laehish, andc Eglon, to attack
faithfilly served him  as a nurse the and slaughter tGhe Gibeonites.  He inlast few months of his life, and she was tended to punish them for giving thena beautiful woman. There is but very selves up, and also deter any other
little reason to believe, from  what is kingdoms fi'om  suvbmitting to the inr.ecorded, that lie was at all treacfherous vaders.




ADO                  [36                ADR
The Gibeonites informed Joshula, and taken down and their bodies to be
aslked of him protection. 3ile gave it to thrown into the cave where they hicld.
them by engaging with the allied troops themselves.  Josh. x: 3-15.
in a hard-fought battle, in which he
conquered them; for God helped Israel ADORAM, 1- [A-do'-ram,] their
to fight, for "the Lord cast down great   beauty, their power, their praise.
hail-stones from. heaven upon them."   ADORANi is referred to in 1st ChronoIt was in this contest, on. the part of xviii: 10.. He was the son of Toun,
Israel for victory, that the strange phe- king of Hamath, and sent to congratunomenon appeared of the sun standing late David on his victory over Hadastill and the moon staying. Joshua saw  rezer.that God had given hifil a glorious victory —that the enemies of Israel were ADOIORAM, 2 —Their beauty, their'
put to flight; yet he' saw that the day   power, their praise.
was rapidly drawing to a close, and that   ADoRAM nwas the general receiver of
there was a probability of some of the tribute, and is referred to in 2d Sam..
enemy escaping under the cover of the xx: 24. as being "' et over the tribcoming night; and he supposed that ute. "   te may'lEe the same person as
those who escaped would rally again, Adoniram, who was receiver of Soloand that he would have to meet them  mon's tribute and the director of the
on a fieldcl of battle; hence, he desired men who cut tilmber in the forests of
sufficient time to complete the victory, Lebanon.  Ist KIngs, v: 14,.
and make an entire destruction- of the
confederate armies. Being impressed A.D  O  RA M   3 - Their beauty, thezir
with strong faith in God, he asked I-lim  power, their praise..
~to perform the most wonderful miracle   ADORAAr, or HADORAM, was King
that had ever been wrought, viz., to ar- Rehoboam's chief treasurer and the
rest the sun in his course, and so pro- overseer of his works. Rehoboalm sent
long the day that he might accomplish him  to deal with the ten revolting
the destruction of his enemies.  He tribes, and, if possible, reduce them to
said, " Sun, stand thou still upon Gib- their allegiance.  They became angry
eon; and thou, moon, in the valley of at him, and, charging him  with en —
Ajalon."  The miracle was performed. couraging their oppressive taxes, they
"CThe sun stood still in the midst of stoned him  to death.  1st Kings, xii:
heaven, and hasted not to go down 18; 2d Chron. x: 18.
about a whole day.' There never had
been before, nor h1as there been since, a ADIRAM MELEC 1-[Ad-ramI-me —period of time when the sun was kept      lek,] the cloak or glory of the killg.
so long above the horizon.              ADRAMMELECH was a son of SenBut the five kings hid themselves, nacherib, king of Assyria, who invaded
for though their soldiery fell, or were the kingdom of Judah in the time of
captured, ihey escaped. Their hiding Hezekiah.  Adrammelech was probaplace was a cave near Mi{akkedah. When b1lv named after one of the gods of the
Joshua learned it he stopped the nouth. men of Sepharvaim.. WYe know but
of the cave with large stones for a few  little about him, save that in company
hours, until Israel would have sufficient with Sharezer, his brother, he mur —
leisure to execute them.  At thle close dered the king, his father.  This act
of the lengthened day, when the battle was committed by the two sons upon
was ended, Joshua had thenm brought Sennacherib while lihe was engaged in
out, andt made Lis principal officers worshiping in the house of Nisroch, his
trample on their necks. This was done God. It is supposed that these sons
not only as a token of the present corn- had learned that their father intended'
plete victory, but as a token of their to sacrifice them to this god, and that
approaching triumph overall theirene- they determined to prevent this by
mies now inhabiting this landc  This is slaying him.
the interpretation given of the act by   Tho rabbins say that he consulted his
Joshua himself.  Having thus hum- wise men to know whly it was that such
bledL these five kings, he slew them and miracles were perLormed for the Israelhanged thlem on five trees;' and as the ites. They informed hlim  that it was
sun, was setting, he ordered them to be because of the virtue andi merit of




ADi                  [371                AGA
Abrahanm, who offered up Isaac on Mt. use he made of it was to bind his own
Moriah. He then said he would slay halncl, and feet, embleomatical of what
his two sons, but they prevented it by was about to be done to him -to whom
slaying him. It may be they woiere le was speaking-.  He claimed divine
actuated to this by soine  great preju- authority for'what he was about to.dice against hir and not by fear of be- utter.  Thl  Holy G-host saitl:' So
ing sacrificed. by limn.  After they had shall the Jews at Jerusalem bind the
aurdcered him they fled into Armenia, man tha't owneth this girdle, and lall
and we hear nothling further of themin  deliver him  -up unto the (J-entile:-.9."
2d Kings, x-ix: 37.                    The rmeaning of the prophecy w.as that
the Jews would seek his liib; but as
ADPJEL-[ A'-dri-el, ] the flock of they had not the power of life and
God.                               deatlh, they would apply to the liomans
ADRIEL was the son of Barzillai, to and demand that the sentence of death
whom Saul gave his daughter Merab be pronounced upon him.
-to wife, when he should have given her   Now, this prediction of Agabus was
to David.  1st Saln. xviii: 19.':But literally fulfilled when the chief captain
it came to pass  at the time when Me- toolk himil and commanded him  to be
Tab, Saul's daughter, should have been bound with two chains."
given to David, that she was given unto   It is supposed, by sonie, that Agabus
Adriel, the Meholathite to wife."  In suffered imartyrdomi, as a Christian, at
2cl Samn. xxi: 8, he is said to be the Antioch.  Acts, xi: 28; xxi: 10.
son of Barzillai, the MIholathite.
Adriel had five sons as the result of AGAG-[A'-gag,] roof, floor.
his marriage, and they were all put to   Ac G was a:common name of the.death by the OGibeonites, with the sons kings of Amalek, as Pharaoh was of
o fBRizuxah, Saul s wife-all for the cru- the kiings of Egypt.  There are t wo
elty of Saul to -t.hem at some time dur- of those kings that Scripture history
ing his reign.                         speaks of —one in the time of Israel's
journeyiang, in the wilderaness and the
hAGfABUS-T[Ag'-a-bus,] ca locust, the other in the time of Eli ancd  amuel.
feast of thefcath1er.              Of the former we learn in the proAGAaus was a prophet who foretold phecy of Balaam when called to curse
the famine that happened in the days [Israel.  In one single phrase we have
of Claudius Cesar. te was at Antioch the greatness of Agag, as- king of Amathat a number of prophets from Jeru- lek, presented.  Of Israel he say s:
salem had assembled, ancd aenan tlheizC  LAnd his king  shall be ligihei r than
Agabus "stood up and sig'nifed, yv the Agags, and his k1ingdom  shall be exspirit, that there should be great, dearth aIted. "
throughout all the world, which car1ie   This Agag was king, probably, when
to pass in the days of Claudicus Cesar " Joshua fought with Aimalel-z and dwas
We know but little about this pro- victorious; for Anm!ok wras di::comltplet, for he is mentioned in only one ted and Israel prevailecld;  andl CGod deother place besides'the quotation mlade termined, at that time, to cl't.t, oy this
above.  Hle was probably a Jew, who, people, and made Inown h[i: cdetetrl Onwhether he was converted to Chhris- ation in the following lang.uIe:: I
tianity or not., was n lder the influence Vill utterly put out the rencl-.ni.l ri.n e
of the spirit of ispiriation.  This pro- of Ainalok froms under heaven.v  A  l
phecy was fulfilled shortly after it was Moses said:  " Because the L,1 r.l h.h
mnade.                                sworn that the Lord  will lh.vre w:r
Acabhus-viscited Paul at Cesa,rea and with  Anialek {froin  generation to gerlforetold his being bound at Jerusaleim. eration."
HIe came, it zmay be, from Judea spe-   About four hundred years after fliS,
cially to have an interview  with this God colmanuded Saul, by the mloo ih
apostle and tell him  what was before of Samuel, to destroy the Amalielkie,
him. His actions and languag e, in pro- as recorded in Lst'Samuel, xv.  Saul
phecy, are very much likre those of the mustered  an army of two hilncldred
Old Testament prophets.  He used a thousand   foot-iene and ten thoucand
very significant enblcnl in op3ening his men of Judah.  The colmmnand given
prophecy, via: the girdlle of Paul. The by God was, to utterly destroy men,




AGE                   [38]                 AGR
women, and chlildren, th.1ll a  tht they reign in his stead, became enraged at
possessed.  Saul passdc througlh Ithe lli   and cast him  into prison.  But
couitry as a conqr-ueCroi,  snlitan'T thie  when the voungc prince came to the
Ama!ekitcs'ioim 1o 1 a Iia 1into n hur, tirone e r elensecd  Ieod and g aive himr
and he took.hAgag  t-le  in   of the I. Chain. of gold and a royal diadem, for
people vith -l Whom  li  warred, allivo. the bard treatment of Tiberius did not
In thi li  dcisplcasead the Lord; hbut he change the feeling of Caius Caligula
also -parcd the bost o' the sheep and toward hiim.  He made him  king of
oxen,  and fatilin gs and i limbs; and in B3atavia and Trachonitas, and afterward
this, also, he displeased the Lord.     of Abilene.
Vi hen Saul  ct  nmcl the        day   The newly maide emperor, desiring
after he arrived at Gilgal, lie dcl ared to bke worshiped, commanded to have
he haed performed the commandmenlnt     his statue  set up in the tenple at Jeof tho Lord.  Sanmuel askedci  him, if rusealena; b10t 1is design in this matter
that vere tlhe case, whan t xwxas the miean- was so much opposed that they who
ing oif he bleating ofe t1he sheep and had charoe of it were compelled to dethe lowxing of thL  oxeln within learing.  sist, and- in a letter they sent him  an'
I-e ansveredthat that t people  iacld accountel o  the resistance which they
sparced thela to sacrifice  unto tihe Lo d. iet.  H-e1rod Agrippa was as much opSamnuel then chairgeld hlim  vithl diso- posecl to it.as were other Jews, and
beyain   God, and assured him that "to wrote to Caligula, setting forth  the
obcy was better than sacrificm, and to i)mpropriety of the scheme, and thehearken than the fat of rams;" told wrong that wounid be done the Jews by
him  that God wTas aaDgrTy wilh h1m for t11hus dtieling their temple.  H-e was so
lis sin — hald rent his newly formed influenced     y Agorippa's letter that hie
lkinclo  and given it to his neigghlor. desistecl fronm  his design of setting up
Samiuel then etb for Agag, the kilag hi   statue   iin the temple.
of the Ama!etkites, and chalrgCd 1 upon    -erod iAgrippa was still at BRome
hlim the sius he had co m'itted — cpe- when Claudius was made emperor, and
cially thaet (cf hli ciuelty in mlnakin  contributed iluch to establish his digwomen childless wcith the swvord-ancld nity ancd powver, and with his advicethen assured hlin that his death had and counsel hle helped Claudius much
been determined upon, and that his in thle beoinning of his reign.  The
uotlher shouild thati day be childless em peror    c rewaidecd hiim  by giving himn
among  womCen.  And Samuel hewvedi all Judea and' the kingdom  of Chalcis,
A:gag' in pieces before the Lord. Ist and he entered at ones upon the work
Sam. xv: 9-32.                          of governing  his do1minions, and becamei very populear among the people.
AGEE —[Ag'eo.]                          With a desire to please the Jews, who
AoEE, the taraaite,  was the fatl.e  were persecuting the Christians, he putof Shamsnimlh, one of ]David's umighty to death James, the son of Zebecee,
men, who fought bravely against the and cast Peter into prison, intending to
Philistines.  2d Saim. xxiii:  1        bringo abouit hIs death, too;, but in this:
he did; not succeeedl-Providence deAGRIPPA, 1-  [A-grip'-pah,] omie who. feated his designs.
cti hlis birthl ccueses re' c   )paciz.  HIe went'Lo Cosarea to celebrate
A  - r I P P A,, usually styled HEROD:  anaines in honor of the  bmsnan emperor.
AGIRIPPA, was the so n cf ilariamne To that place tihe inhabitants of Tyre,
andl Aristobulus, and grandson of He- and Sidcon, who had offended him, sent
rod tile Great; anid he was the brother imessengers to himr to beg his pardon,
of IHerodias, who was- larried to Herocl for the ofifnce.  He atteocned to the
the Tetrarch, of Galilee, who beheaded message of the deputation, appearing
John tihe Baptist:.                     beore thenm dressed in a robe tissued
Herod the Great sent Agrippa to  wvith silver, onu whichm, wvlen thle sun
Rome to procure an education, partly1, shone, a mlcarvellous-   lIstroe mwxs create(d.
anti partly to make his court to Tibe- The conference lhe had witll tbhea- was in
iiuns. While in Roroe hle formed c trong the theatre.  lie be- ai his s peech, acd4
attachments for the young prince Cal- as lie proceeded thie audience b)ecamei
igula.  Tiberius hearing that Agripupa enraptured, acncdi oegan to say " it is thle
wvished hmim; dead tl-hat Caligula migItI voice -f a God and not of' man"'  lix




AGR                  [39]                AGU
stead of rebuking them for their inmpi- for the last two years.  On the next
ous flatteries, he received them with an day Festus gratified him anld his sister
air of satisfaction.  The pride of his Bernice by bringing IPaul out into the
heart was so great that he looked upon public hall, wxere  he li   ight represent
them  with complacency.  God puzn- his cause to Int r1 Agriupppa.P- Paul stood
ished him for his pride.  The angel of up and boldly rehlearsed Ils conversion
the Lord smote him  directly wit-h a fiom a bloody prisecutor of Chiistians
most torlmenting disease in his bowels, into a zealous preacher of the doctrines
anli he was eaten up by wormls and of Christ's religion.  Ile declared that
died.  It was probably but a few hours he had, according to the ancient profrom  the time that 1hl  entered the phets, preached the resurrection fronl
-theatre,  dresseC   in gaudy attire, to the dead.
have his interview with the deputation    Agrippa was deeply interested in the
until in excruciating agony he departed  experience of Paul, and, charmled with
this life.  He left behind him a son of the good sense and majesty of his disthile sale name, and three daughters, coulrse, and with the defelence tlhe
viz: Bernice, IMarianme and Drusilla. apostle had shown hirm, he said:  "AlActs, xii.                              most thou persuadest me to be a Christian.
AGRIPPA, 2- One who at his birth    H ere    e have a Jew —a king of
causes greaCt lafij..               Jevs —listening1 to the narration of reA GxiPPA, the son of Herod Agrippa, Iligious experience, and enra.ptured Awith
was at IRoe with the emperor C(lau- the cloctrines  and eloquent address of a
diu;s when his ittlher died.  The em- bold andc zealous preacher, who was a
petor wavs muchol attached to Agrip!pa, prisoner andl though Agrippa wa s ourand, though he was very young, was  rounded by Jews who hated Paul and
inclined to give him all the dlominions had im-prison ed lhilm  for his fiith, yet
possessed by his father at the timel of he said in their hearing' he was almosi
his death; but his courtiers dissuaded persuaded to be a Clristian.  The words
him f0eom this.                         or the apostle had touhedle  his heart,
A short time after this, thle governor and he felt that there was sosmething i',
of Svria thousht to compel the Jews this  new doctrine thlat Paul preached.
to place the ornaments of their high  I t may be that Agrippa never  heard
priest in the tower of Antonia, and the Go;pel of Chris t afterward, and
under the cnhar'ge of a Roman guard, never became a Christian.  1:ut we
but, by the, i tiuenee of Agrippa, tile honor him  for his treatment of Paul
emperor conseated  that they migoht and his honest expressions of convickeepl them theiLselves.                 tions.  Acts, xxvi: 1-28.
Herod, kinso of Chaleis, and uncle to    After the destruction of Jerusalem
Agrippa, died, whLieeupon the emperor he and his sister Bcrnice  retired to
gave his dominion s to h'im; but four Rome, where he died.
years after  the kingdom  was taken
fron himl, and, in tile steadl of it, the AGUR —[A'/gur.] a.strc.eger, gatherprovinces of Gaulonites, Trachonites,.jzg.
Batanea, Panucas, and Abilene, were   AGUmn, the son of fakelh, is tihe augelen; an d to these provinces Ne/'o thor of the thirtieth chapter of the
added Julius inl Perea and a part of B3ook of Proverbs.  By somi  it is supGalilee on the west of the sea of Ti- posed that it-is an assunred   1 name by'
berius.                                 Solomlon, the king of Israel, and the
When Festus, the governor of Judea, autlhor of the Proverbs, and thllt Jacalme to his government, Agrippa and kel, who is the fmsther of him, is inhis sister went as fhr as Cesarea to tended to'represent David, while lthiel
meet, salute, and congratulate him; and Ucal, to whom  the Proverbs are
an1d, while they were in conference to- addressed, are names used to desilgnate
gether, Festus talked with himn  albout Christ.  But this is not at all likeley,
Paul, and the pending trial, and his for several of the Proverbs could not
appell to Cesclr.  Agrippa was exceed- consistently ha ve been used by Soloingly curious to see Paul and hear what mon, such as, "I neitiher learned xwishe had to say for himself, for he had dom  nor have the knowledge of the
likely heard of him as a prisoner bound holy " and, again, "Give me neither




AHEA                 [40]               AHA
poverty nor riches." This suits no part able to find Elijah, she wreaked her
of So!omon's life or circumstances.    vengeance on the prophets she found.
Agur was a person as designated, and   It is true that God made Israel, when
addressed these proverbs to two scholars under Ahab, victorious over the Syrians,
that he taught; as a public teacher.  In who invaded their country; but it was
the chapter he professes his great ig- not because of anything good in Ahab,
noranee of the unsearchable greatness but rat'her because Benhadad, the king1
and wonderful works of God. IHe pro- of Syria, boasted and blasphemed God.
fesseth esteem for God's word, and de- H-ow wvicked Ahab lmust have been, so
sires a moderate share only of this far to forget CGod and his obligations as
world's goods.  He spoeke by inspira- I ing of Israel. to go into the grossest
tion. It would be well for many of the idolatry. He made calves and set up
present day, if, froml  the bottom  of the idol Baal, worshipped it himself;
their hearts they could pray this same and caused Israel to worship it. Then,
prayer; fir maLny, in their covetousness, itfluenced by his wife, lhe hunted for
are seeking aind obtaining wealth to tle life of the flaithful Prophet Elijah,
their own dc.Lt- ruction. Riches becomne who had reproved him for his sin, and
a snare, and by it they are carried awav. told him  of the judgments of heaven
"Being full they deny God, and say comuing upon him  and his people, as
who is the Lordcl'"  We know nothing they were now enduring it. And when
more of this teacher than is recorded lle could not find Elijah, he put to
in this chapter of the Proverbs.       death, or allowed Jezebel to do it, all
tfhe prophets in the land, save those
AIAB, 1 —[A/-hllab,] the brother of t.he that Olbadiah hid, and Elijah, whom
fac7ther.                          God hid.
Am-HA  was Iing of Israel and succes-   When God, by the Prophlet Elijah,
sor of Omiri.  He reigned twenty-two convinced Ahab and all Israel of his
years. I-He ws very impious —more so power and glory, by sending fire down
than all the kiness of Israel. His mar-:o'LO-n heaven to consume the sacrifice
riare may be considered unfortunate, that E!ijah offered, and then sent rain
for it wvas in part the occasion of intro- in abundance upon the parched earth,
ducing among  Israel the abominations we might ave snupposed that the course
of Baal and As'htaroth,  with which Is- of the wicled Ahab would have been
rael Iwas cursed for several years.   changed; but no, he still sinned against
Jezebel, his wife, w's the daughter God and dishonored the throne of Isof Ethbaal, king of Zidon, and she rael.
brought with her into Ahab's kingdom    in l1st 1ings, 21st chapter, we have
her prejudices and the idolatry of her an account of his coveting the vineyard
country.  tv was avery great sin on the of Nlaboth.  When lhe made the repart of Ahab to take a wife from the quest of Naboth to give his vineyard
heathen, and especially one who was and lle would give him  for it a better
hostile to the true religion as was the vineyard, or if he preferred it he would
daughter of Ethbaal.                  give him  money for it, his request
Influenced by his wife, Ahab built a seemed very reasonable.  But Naboth
telmple for Baal, and reared up an altar called to mind the inheritance law, and
in that temple.  He gave himself up showed Ahab that he could not do it.
to the influence of this wicked womlan. "The Lord forbid that I should give
Elijah the Prophet was commissioned the inheritance of my fathers to thee."
to go to Ahab and reprove him for his Ahab wished him to alienate it finally
sin, and decl:are the divine decree that and fully, and that would be an express
there should be a grievous dearth in violation of God's law; therefore NaIsrael, to last for several years. This both, consistently with his duty to God,
came to pass.  And during this dearth could not indulge him, and it was inantd famine, Ahab permitted (if he did iquity in Ahab to tempt him to do it,,not, indeed, help) Jezebel to kill the and his still coveting it shows the deep
prophets of the Lord wherever she depravity of his soul, the wickedness of
found them throughout the land.  She his heart. The Kings of the Jews had
had heard of the prophecy of Elijah, no authority to change the old laws or
and attributed the public calamity they to make new ones. Yet he coveted.
were enduring to him; and not being He lay upon his bed that night restless,




AIIA                 [41]                AHA
and refused to- eat.  Jezebel, his wife, this ignominious death should be before
asked him  the cause of his dejection, the eyes of those whom they deceived.
and he told her.  She upbLuraided him
fbr it.  Thou art King of Israel, and AHARAEH-[A-har'-ah,] a sweet bronot Naboth; but has he power to re-        ther, act ocloriferozts?Zeacdow.
fuse thee, then he is greater than the   A PlAI-I was the third son of Benking'.  She bade him rise up, eat and jamin, and as such is referred to in Ist
be merry, for she would procure for him  Chron. viii: 1.
the vineyard.  And she did so.  She
procured false witnesses against Na- ABJASAT —[A-has'-a-i.J
both, had him st-oned to death, and the   Ar-AsAt was a priest and ancestor of
probability is that all his innocent fi- MaI asiai.  Neh. xi: 13.
ily with him  were destroyed, so that
there should be no heir to his estate. AHASBA1 —[A-has'-ba-i,] trusting n,
Ahab wa-s informed of the destruction      I9e, lbrother conpass~icg.
of Naboth, and the next day took pos-   AEAs.AI was the father of Eliphasession of the vineyard. But it is said let, who was one of David's mighlty
"'there was none like unto Ahab, which -men.  2cd Sam. xxiii: 34.
did sell himself to work wickedness in
tfle siohlt of the Lord, whomi Jezebel, AHASUJERUS, 1 - [A-has-u-e-rs, J
hi. wib, stirred rip."                     primce, chief.
lhe end of his wicked life came at   AuIAsuERUs, the eriede, is spoken of
ast,. and thle prophecy that had been in the ninth chlapter of Daniel and first
dc!1iveric at his taki~ng possession of the verse as the father of Darius.  He is
vineyard of another, was fulfi lled in his supposed to have been the son of the
dcath, "where dogs li-etlked the blood of Cyaxares, who helped Nebuchadnezzar
Taboth, shall dogs lick thy blood, even to overthrow the Assyrian empire and
thine. "                               destroy the city of Ninevah.
Ahab procured the king of Judahl to
figa; with him n aginst the Syrians, and,  ATIASUERIUS, 2 —trince, chief
at the  insotigation of his helper, he   ArA SUERUtS was Cambyses,   ki ng of
canlled on Aicaiah the Pophet, to say Persia, ancd the son of Cyrus.  lie is
whether hi should  go up to fignht with supposed to have succeeded his father
his enemice; or not. l-e as p ro plearsed to the throne of Persia and reigned
vith the twords of' the prophet. But he seven years and five nmonthbs.  The alwent; to battle, and di:-guised hirmself as lusion to him in scripture is in Ezra,
tile Uin' 0  srel; cid Ihile cngaged iii 6, 7. IDuring the time of his reign
in the htattle,  "a certain man drew a the buiildin, of the temple was interLowv at. ventur-e and smote him." He rupted, which was occasioned by the
died shoritly afterwards, and the dogs letter written by the enemies of the
li -ed Ihis blood a' the pool of SamLa- Jews to Carnbyses.  WTe learn of him
rii, when his chariot ari t  Lnd armor were tihat l e had scarcely ascended the
washlaed alfter his decease.  Ist Kings, tthrone until the Samaritans requested
Xxii'.                                hin to stop thle work.  E-Ie did not,
however,  evo k e the decree of his
AH!AB, A —D The br7other of the -father.  fither, for hIe could not directly.  The
ALxAu,  the son of Ko!laiah, and Zed- ediet of Cyrus, liberating the Babyeiabh, the son of Maaseiab, were two Ilonian captives and authorizing them
false prophets, who seduced the Jewi -sh to return to their own land and the
captives at Babylon wilh hopes of a city of Jerusalem, and rebuild the
speedy deliverance, and stirred them up house of the Lord, was, like other laws
agoainst Jeremiah.                     o-f the Medles and Persians, unalteraT:he Lord threatened these two men ble. Yet he wrote a letter setting forth
with a public and ignominious death, his desire, and the groundwork for it,
as is recorded in Jer. xxix: 21-de- that the work should be stopped.  It
clared that their names should become had the desired effect.'"Then ceased
a curse; the captivity shall wish for their the work of the house- of God, which
enemies such a death as Ahab and Zed- is at Jerusalem. "
ekiah had, whom the king o'f Babylon   This Ahasuerms- was notable for noroasted in the fire; and, moreover, that thing but violence, foolishness, a n d




AIA                   [42]                AIHA
cruel't.  His fit's of passion often hur- ducted and kept.  During the feast the
tiec him into downright madness.  In king was desirous to show the multithe seondcl year of his reign he entered tucle the beautifuli Queen Vashti, Awho,
Egypt, reducel  the revolters, wasted it is said, exceeded  all other women in
their country, killed their sacred ox, beauty; and he sent, commanding her
(ld  earuled off many of their idols. to come to t-he feast.  Bt Vashti, out
Heie lhe continued five years, and ru- of regard for the laws o- the Persians,
ined a  great part of his army in the which fbrbade the wisces to be seen by
Cdry desert of the country, in lis imad strangers, would not go unlto the king.
attemipt to invade Ethiopia; and it is This irritated the kiug greatly, and,
said that he daily sacrificec  some prin- under the advice of Memucan, he puncipal Persians to his fury —his own bro- ishecd her by putting  her Vaway fio'i bether and sister not excepted. InfLormed c  ing  his queen.
thalt he whom  he hbad left to goveran   Her phlce was filled by the selection
Pelrsia in his absence had. placed a man of -Hadassaih,  or Esther, a Jewess,
upon the throne who had no claims to whose nation   wMs not Iknown to those
it, and never could have, ho hastened who selected the iii young virgirts of
back again to his kingdomn, andcl, in his the land from  whom  the king was to
route, he wreakecl  his vengeance on the e  mal   his selection.  But the  king
JeezYs as ie passed through  their terri- chose her of them  all.  Thus (od in
tories, destroying  great neuimbers of the order-cof his province began to open
tfheml.   Befbie oe   le reachedl  ho-e, in the way for tne deliverance  or his
leourting his horse, one day, his sword people.
il1 fi'om its scabbardc and wounded him    A  tllhrilling    event occurred, not long
very severely in le thi:io, from whic  alfter this, in tile Ii t- of Allasuerus.
wouand,  not long after, lie died, beo- Bigthan and Teresih, two of his chamging, witlh his last words, nthose that berlains, plotted against him to des:troy
were alround him not to allow the usur- his ifo, and would have succedede d liad
per to t;ranslate his govern-ment to the no[t (one of the serv aTLs m-lnade it known
iccdes. EHe  mias the  oinly one that to MI3ordeai, who was the uncle of
reloged in Persia  between Cyrus and E sthcr; the que en, and Ibe made it
n'insr.'.                              known to the queen, and saie to the
king.  The king was greatly tlroubled
A.TTASUERUS,   3-  iafde, chlef        when lie aw the narrow escape he had
AlASoR, Jiuc,s the husband of Esther, made with his life; and, by the circuinwas king of Pesia  a'nd was, in all stance of its being' miade known, pro3bprobability, the Dar'iusu  Hystaspes of ably became more attached to E.sther.
Peisian H- istory.  -ie was the first of   After he discovered the truth of the
the Persialn king's who reignedl firoi charge against itiesie two clihamberlains,
Indimt to Ethiopia, and he was noted he had tlhem  executed, and the msatter
flr his imposition of enmormous tributes dropped, without rewarding   the one
and for his hoarding up  of money. The who made known the plot..revenues to his kliigdoln, onl account of   Not long  after this, Hanman,  the
tributes,  were exceedingly great.  He king's privy counsellor, plotted the dceapp)oiated governors and ruled over one struetion of' ai the Jews, and secured a
hundred andc twenty provinces.          writing, over the signature of AhasauIt was during the -third year of his erus, that on. a certain  day they should
reiogn that he niade a great "east and all be slain.  Esther was led, in the
invited the great men of his nation, in- providence of God, to present, uinder
c1uding the governors of all his pLov- the most thlilling circumstances, a plea
inces.  The feast lasted one hlnmidred in behalf of this doomled people, to the
and eighty days, during which timie hle king, in which plea she made known
made a great demonstration  of his Ther own nation and kindred to her husriches as the Persian imonareh.  But band. The kilng, in the meantime, had
not fully satisfied with this display, li he been so dealt with by the divine Being,
made a further feast of seven days at the God of nations, as to promote MIorShushan, the palace, at which lhe in- decai, the unole of Esther, to honor for
vited the ambassadors-of other nations. making known the plot of those two
Josephus gives us an account of the chaamberlains who  aimed to destroy
manner in which this feast was con- him.  Ahasuerus saw the wickedness




AHIA                   [43]                 AHA
of Ha msnl, and had him and his family the Assyrians.  With the help of this:
destroyed.  Soon after this, Miordecai king, he laid lSyria waste, took I Damasbecame his prime minister.                cuns, and slew their king, and laid mucli
Ahasuerus laid a tax upon his inland  of the land of Israel waste, and took
territories, and on that part of Lesser many captives out of i;.  At the close
a i n and the Islanlds which belonged of the war he returned to Jerusalem, a
to him.  Ile obliged the inhatbitants of worshiper of false gods, and continuedl
Lclna to pay haim yearly tliree hundred to be, we suppose, until he died.
and sixty-fixve ttlents of silver.          For tile impiety which he practiced,
IHe had  ficqnent wars with  the he wa:s in di'shonor with his people, an1-c
Greeks  and Athenians, which genterally they woudl not,  when lLe was deadi, give
resulted in his loss and disgra-cee.      him a burial with the kings. c2d Chion.
He died after a reign of thirty-six xxviii: 27.'"Ard Ahaz slept with  his
yeaitrs, and was succeeded by Xerxes, f-athers, and they buried  him  in the,
his son].                                 cit, eve in iJ Jerusalem:  but trley
brought him not into the sepulchres of
A1AZ-  [A-'-haz,  ] one that takces anC(  the kins of Israel."
p3oSSesses.
A1irAZ, the son of Jotham, king of: AI-IAZA H, 1 —[A1h2a-zy'-ah,] possesJudah, ascended the throne2 When aXbout       Sio',, v20ion, of thl Lor3c.
txwe nIty yeaurs of agc.   e L mlarIied  Abi-    A.AzIA  was  e son of Alhab,'aing
jab,'the daughtei  of Zachariah, by of tsrae!,  Duirin. tdhe la;t years  I his
wdlihomn lie had his son Hezekiah. u  in falrther s lite, Iie'was associtbedl w0'11
taila1tilon of thI  Ilngs, of Israel, he him,  reigning in i el al   trle tilme of
gave ihim self up to the most abeominau- the war at'reaoth Gilead,  ant l  he
ble itlolatries. l-ie proved himself nost reinieid about one yea-r afltr Alllal)'
imnspious toward.,' God  Ind a tranoressor death, so that two years wa' the e::t cat
of the lawsn of his counitr.  He ireared of his reiug'  and one 1 year of tha`1 time
altars in Jerusalem, andt offered sacri- lie wlas nothiDg more than an assocl'te
fices- upon thlem  to idols.  He even of the king.
mnade his own clilldren pass throul h 1     Ahziah  imitated hi.h father  il the
the fire: or, as the Jewiksh historian worship of Baal and Aihllaroth, vwhch
has it., hie ofiered his own son as a burnt had h een introduced  into  Israel by
offering, accordling to the practice of Jezebel, his mother, for she was Onon  of
the Canaanites.  i-Te Eshut up the  temn- another nation than Israel, and Ahahb
pFe, antd dle-troyed its sacred  vessels. had marriedl her in violatlion  of Israel-Ie- orde-reu Urijah, the Priest, to bildcl itrish law.
an altar, probably like an ali-tar  e had    The Bloabites, who had been tribuseen among' the idolatrous  yrians; for tary to the kings of Irael froni the time
it is;aid, in 2d Chron. xxviii: 23, &c., that they revolted and separated ft' omD
"ile sacrificed to the gods of Damnas- Judahl dlurin  the reign of Ahab, recus; and hle said, beeausa the gods of volted and refused alny long'er to pay
the kings of Syr ia help theim, I will tribu.te.  Abhaiah hadcl not tlhe tinme,
sacrifice to them, that they mlay help nor had lie the power, to subdne them,
me. AIgnd he made hilgh places to burn and make thnem  yield yet longer to
incense to other gods in every city of tribute.  In 2d Kings, i:,  1, we have
Judah." HIe chan ged the house of the the account of l5oab's rebellion. About
Lord so as to nihake it conform  to the the time of this revoelt, he had the ritsidolatrous temples which he saw, and fortune to fall through a lattice fiiom
he aimed to model thle divine worship the top of his house, and by the ftill he
after the wo-ship of idolaters.  In a was considerably injured.  Fearing the
word, he proposed to honor and wor- consequence, he  sentl messengers to
ship the gods of Syria, and not the Baal-zebub, thue god of Ekron, to know
G-od of iHeaven.  Thus he offered con- whether he ehould recover from the intenmit to the true God and provoked  jury. The fearless and faithful servant
him to anuger.                           of God, Elijah, met the messengers of
In war with Pekah, king of Israel, Alhaziah, and informled theml that he
assisted by the king of Syria, Ahaz was should certainly die.  Elijah charged
rmiserably beaten.  WIh ereupon he pro- upon Ahaziahi his sill of ilquiring of a
cured help of Tilgath Pilnleser, king of false god, as though there was no God




AI1A                 [44]               AEI
in Israel. Ahaziah, learning where the and lhe sunk down dead in his chariot.
Prophet Elijah was, with a hostile in- Ahaziah fled for his life, for lie undertent sent a company of fifty men to stood the sentence to be against him as
take hinl ancd bring him into his pres- one of the house of Ahab, as well as
ence. But God, who knew the feel- against his kinsman, who had fallen.
ig-'s and intent of the wicked king, sent Jehu's soldiers followed him  in his
fire from heaven to consume the corn- flight, and overtook him  at the,going
pany. And, again, another company up of Gur, and they mortally wounded
of fifty men were sent and consumed. him. But with fLiling strength, he
A third company was sent, and with continued his- flight until he reached
thenm Eyijah calne down under the di- Megiddo, where he died. And his serfeetion of' his master, and stood in the vants carried him  to Jerusalem  in a
presence of the king, and declared to chariot, and buried him  in his sepulhil tihe decree, "Thou shalt die;" and chel with his fathers in the city of Dahli did die in a short time afterwards. rid."  2d Kings, viii, &c.; 2d Chron,
16t ilngs, xxii; and 2d Chreon. xxii.   xxii.
AH AZIA -, 2 —Possession, vision of AHBAN-[Ath-ban.]
the iL o rd.                        AIIBAN was) the son of Abislutr, by
AlATzA1: was a king- of Judah.  He Ihis with, Abihail. He was of the tribe
was the onl. of Jehorail and Athalliah. of Judah.  Ist Chron. ii: 29.
His mother wasl of the family of Ahab,
and probably ke pt up the Ido!ary that A1 H, I -[A  -hi, ] mny brother, m2y
had been introcduced by Jezebel in all     brethren.
its enormity.  Js reign, like that of   Ai was a Gadite, and chief of a
Ahqziabl, the king of Israel, was short, famllily who lived in Gilead  of Bashan
f   r he regnedl ut one year, beginning in the days of Jotham, king of Judaih.
le Ile e was at the age of twenty-two. Ist Chron. v: 15.'hen Jorsa, the king of Israel, went
to war with k-.~:za1e, king' of Syria at AIhT, 2-f-,y brother. mny brethren.
mnioth   Gile ad., lie was cdangeriously   Amtn was a descendant of Sha nmer
wounlded, and, at his own instance, and of the tribe of Asher.  1st Chron.
taken to Jczreel, for the purpose of vii: 34.
surg icial advice and assistance. Ahbaziah was of tile same fam ily relation AIAH. 1 —[A -hi-ah,] b rothe' of the
and fiiend!y  to Joram, and, indeed,    Lord.
he had probably been engaged in the   AItIA-I was the son of Ahitub, the
waer with him in which lhe wals wound-  high priest of the family of Eli and his
ed.  Hle went to Jezreel to see him, suc cessor in office.  1st Sami. xiv: 3.
and Iwhile the'e ereith him, Jelh, the
son of Nimshi, an officer in Joral's AhTTAH, 2 —Brother of th7ie Lore.
army, unclder the appointment of God,   AmlAn   was the son of ShLshli and
rebelled against the king his master, the brother of EBiijah.  He was a secanld snt Mhiself to clestoy utterly the retary to King Solomon. lst Kings,
houne of Ahab.                        iv: 
hX1en  orum and Ahaziab, the kings
of Judah and Israel, learned that Jehu AI HA — [A-hi/-am,] brother of the
was coming and nearing Jezreel, they       mnother, brother of the nation.
went out to meet him  and salute him,   AIJAM, the son of Sharalb, the 1-arknowing nothing of his intention to arite, was one of David's mighty men.
destroy them.  As soon as they met, 2d Sam. xxiii: 33.
Joram addressed himself to his officer,
saying', "Is it peace, Jehu?"  His an- AHIEZER, 1 — [A-hi-e'-zer,] brother
swer indicated his errand; and, Joram,     of assistcance.
alarmed, turned to Ahaziah, and said:   ArIEZER was the son of Ammishad"'Theie is treachery, Ahaziah."       dai, of the tribe of Dan. HIe was chief
It was, but the work of a few me- of his tribe, and was associated with
ments. Jehu drewa bow, and an arrow  Moses and Aaron in managing the
sped swiftly and smote him  between business of their nation at the time of
the arnms. The arrow pierced his heart, their exodus from the land of Egypt.




~AIHI              [45]               ARI
Nmn. i: 12. And when the tabernacle of the hand of Solomon, and will give
was fully set up, he made an offering ten tribes unto thee."
for his tribe. Num. vii: 66.          This prophet appears again about
the end of Jeroboam's reign, predicting
AIIIEZER, 2-Brother of assistance.  the death of Abijah, the son of JeroAHIEZER was the chief of the persons boam; and the only pious son of that
who joined themselves to P]avid, at Zik- prince, and the only one of his hous-elag-the city that Achish, the king of hold that should come to the grave in
Gath, gave him as a retreat when he peace. Abijah, the son of Jeroboam,
led from the fury of Saul. There were was taken sick, anad he was very detwenty-three Benjamite captains, and sirous to know whether or not his child
with them eleven captains of the tribe should recover.  In hlis anxiety lihe
of Gad. 1st Chron. xii: 1-12.       thought of Ahijah, the prophet, at
Shiloh-the man of God, who told him
A_[IIHUD-[A-hi/-hud,J a brother of he should be king of Israel-and he
vanity, a brother of praise.    sent his wife disguised to ask the
AtIr-UD was the son of Shelomi, of prophet.  Now,  Ahijah was nearly
Aher, and was associated withEleazer blind; but as the wife of Jeroboaml
and Joshua in dividing the land of approaihed him, God communicated
Canaan and apportioning to each tribe the fact to Ahijah, and put the words
their inheritance. Nul. xxxiv: 27.   of this last prophecy into his mouth to
speak unto her. Under Ahijah's diA-IIJAH, 1 —[A-hi'-jah,] brother of rection she returned to bear to the king
the YorcL.                      the sacd intelligence of the certain death.AHmIu  was a prophet of the Lord, of the sick child.
who dwelt in Shiloh. H-eo is supposed   This prophet, as he was quite aged
to be the prophet who spake to Solo- and in-rllm when he gave this prophecy,
rnon while he was engaged in building died, in 11i probability, shortly afterthe temple. 1st Kings, vi: 11; xi: 12. ward, at Shiloh, and was buried there.
In this second quotation the announcemnent is mlade that God intended to AH IIJAR, 2 —Brother of the Lord.
rend the kingdom into parts and give   AmIIJAI was the trenasurer of the
of it to another, because Solomon had House of the Lord, and had the helarge
not walked in the statutes of the Lord, of the holy things. 1st Chron. xxvi:
or observed the divine commandments. 20. Somne lhave thoua'ht that this perThe prophet Ahijah was one of those son was the same as lAhijah, the Shiwho wrote the history of the kingdom, lonite.
or the annals of Solomon's reign. In
24 Chron. ix: 29, it is said:  "Now  AHITKAM   [A-hi/-kalm, ] a brother
the rest of the acts of Solomon, first    that raises up.
and last, are they not written in the   ArEmi r.i, the son of Shaphan and
book of Nathan, the prophet, and in the father of Geda4iah, was a prince
the prophecy of Ahijah, the Shilo- of Judah. He was sent by King Jonite."                              siah, in company with Shaphan, the
This prophet declared to Jeroboam  scribe, who was his f:a-ther, Hilkiah,
that he should usurp the kingdcom. As the high priest, and Achbor, the son
jejroboam was passing out of Jerusalem  of Michaizah, to Hu-lidah, the prophetthe prophet Ahijah met hilm alone in a ess. Thev went to her to make enquiry
field. The prophet had on a new man- of the Lord, through her, as to an old
tde, and, securing the attention of Jero- manuscript that had been found by the
boeam, he took the new garment off high priest. This manuscript is supthat he had on, and rent it into twelve posed to have been the autograpth of
ieces, and gave ten of those pieces to Moses, containing a part of the book
J eroboam. This was a very strange, of Deuteronomy where the account is
and yet a very significant act, for, as given of the renewal of the covenant on
he gave the ten pieces to him, he the part of God with Israel in the
explained to him the import in a bold plains of Moab, which contains the
prophecy regarding the future of Israel, most terrible threats against the cor"Thus saith the Lord CGod of Israel, rupters of God's word and worship.
Behold, I will rend the kingdom out   This was a copy of the law of ifo-o




AM                  [46]                A-IT
ses, as it is called in'2d Chronicles, they learned that they were being fol
xxxiv: 14, " Hilkiah the priest, found lowed, they determined to hide thema book of the law of the Lord given by selves, and, in order to do this, they
Moses. "  It is said that Ahaz, Man- entered into a man's house at Bahuriun
asseh  and Alanon  destroyed all the and made known their business, probacopies of the law that they found, ex- bly, when they were lidden in a well
cept this copy found by Hilkiah.  The in the court, and the woman of the
simlaple fact probably is that this was house spread a covering over the well's
the original copy of the covenant re- n mouth and spread ground corn thelreon
newed by Moses with the people, and so that theirlhiding place would not be
it vas laid up by the ark, and now it is detected when their pursuers came up.
anexpectedly found.  Its great age, Absalom's servant came on and enwith the ~~act that it was not a copy of quired of the woman of the house
it, but the original nmade it ani object where Ahimaaz and Jonathan were.
ofgreat interest. Bu-t then its invect- She remained true to the servants of
ives against the conrxpters of God's -David, and the consequence was, they
word were calculated to produce just sought inefSectually bor them, anid resuch an cffect in the smind of the young turned to Jerusalenm, when they came
Kinug Josiah (devoted as he was to the up out of the well and wen-t to iDavid
service of GCod) as it did produce. The to deliver their message.
manuscript was taken by the prince of   After the battle that resulted in the
Jud ll  Ahikam, and his associates, to death of AJvralomn was over, Ahimnaz
-ildaht, and they heard her words and desired of Joab that he might carry
propKecy regarding it.               the tidinmos to Daicl; but, for some
cause, Joab preierred to send by Cushi,.&HILUD —[A-hi'-Iud,] a brother born. promising Ahirmaaz that he should be
AImIIyUD was the father of JehoshTa- the bearer of intelligence on some other
phat, who was recorder for Kigin  David occasion; but this did not satisfy him,
and the writer of the Chronicles. 24 and, soon after Oushi started, he apSam. viii: 16.                        plied to Joab again, earnestly en-treatiDn  himn to allow  him  to run after
AHILAA  - l[. -hiim'-, az,] brother Cushi,    when Joab gave hinm leave,
of the counci.                    tlinking, probably, that Cushi would
AJm1TAAz was the son of Zadok, the arrive bec-fore him, and so be the frst to
high priest, and succeeded his father give the news to King David; but in
in that important o-ce. They were dhis he was mistaken, for Ahimanz,
Kmini-;tering togoether in the time of being swift on foot, and probably talcDavid; ancld whenAbsalom rebelled and ing a shorter route, for he ran bIy the
David fund it necessary to leaveJer- way of the plain, outran Cushi and
salem, Zadok and Abiathe-  would take came to David first with intelligence.
the ark of the covcnant of tihe Lord It is true he did not know that Absaalongwhith )avid; but the king corn- lorn was dead, but he  knew  that
manded theml to return  with it to David's troops had obtained a victory.
Jerusalem, and they did so, taking   How long he served in the priestAhiimaaz with them.                   hood we do not know precisely, but he
Alimaaz perforumed a very important was succeeded by his son, Azaribh. 2d
piece of service for David here. I-e Samz. xv: to xviii: 1st Chron. vi: 8, 9.
tarried at Enrogel or the foundation of
Rogelwithout the city, with liis corn- AI-IIMAN —  [-hi'-mtan,] a brother
panion, Jonathan.  To that place a        pr2pared.
woman, a maid-servant, came to tell   AHImIAAN was a giant of the Anak
thnem of the resolution which had been stock, who lived at Hebron, in the land
imnade in Absalom's counsel under the of Canaan, before Israel possessed that
advice of Hushai; whereupon they im- land. When Moses sent the spies to
mediately departed to give David the look at the land, and bring their brethintelligence.  They had been discov- ren  word as to the character of the
ered, however, by a young man, who country, Ahiman, as one of tihe race of
had. given the information concerning giants, lived there.  Numb. xiii: 22.
themi to Absalom, and that prince had This giant, witlh two of his brethren,
sent orders to pursue them.  When Sheshai and Talmai, were expelled by




AII                  [47]                 AHI
Joshua, the  cQnqueror of Canaan. hand upon eighty-five of them  that
J0osh. xv: 14,                          day, and slew lthem.    hi'melech was
one of the first that Nwas executed.
AM141ELECH, 1 —[A-hil'-me-lek,]    But Sau  did not stop here. He sent
thq b'otier j s ci r Soy g.        a parlay of cruel men to NTob, Who exeAI'll,'ElTIC. t the son of Ahitub and cuted his cruel decree to si]ay men, webrother or AumIe, whom he scceeclded men anl chiiclren, and even the catte,
in tel o01lCe of hig'h priest.  le    with the edge of the sword.  There is
calleid, in Marl,i ii: 26, Abiathar, prob- supposed to have been no less than
ably because Abiathar vwa the oniy one three or four  hundred of the priests,
of his family that was not put to death  v ith their l ftii es that  perished in
by Saul, the king of Israel, and hoeice the slaughteor.  st nam. xxA.
thle onliy one that continued sn ihe
priesthood.  He escaped the des -uc- AHITELECH,, 2 —ky brot2her is a
tion of the hlouse of Ahimelc-ch and         ki a.
fled to David, whom hea scrved in the   ATITmlznECTI  waS the son of Abiatha. ar.
of-ice of hio'h pes&                    He and Za ok, whioln Saul had made
Darilo tic priesthoood of Ahimelech, high priess aifte  the murder of the
he lived at NoB with  otiloer priests,  fomi.-er AhilmlDeleeh, were second priests
wnel thebtabeirnacleofGC-odaw.' When a)bot trh e  latteler   end o "- tho relgn Oc
Saul determiined to destlroy David, and Kin  Da v i1.
Jonatthan  his:ficld, inifroed him of Bce fore  Ahi'neleeh and otiler pesorr
it{, he determilned to fy  thel country, of noLe, Silemalah, the s ribe,  wro[e
andl in h  lighthe lt  we v     to Nob, and cldon thae  ode irs ad divisions of t he
asked of the high priest somnething to priests,  sin'rs  nd Lesite, and they
eat. As Ahinelech had nothing save cast their: lotz  i(or the) r turns of servic
thle  how  bad,    g h       io    that. in the temple  of God.  The Le vites
Then ho asked of him a sword, and'h  ve rie  divided into  toeinty-fout  orders,
gave him  thle sword of Goliath, the and these were aVppointed to serve by
Pthiistine giant, whom David hatl killed lot undlef thne itmwenty4-f.ur orders of the
several years beforie; for tIhat swolrd'Pries.  Ist Caio. t   r xxiv  3-3.
hah.d been kept under lhe charge of the
high priest fi' omn t  time the giaut was Aail NA   P —[L-  hin/- ah -lab,] cc zciekillcd.  Ahuilmcelb   uoo' illS rLpon Da-    s2aaf:  brohlier, ct bretdher of ac zow, a
vidc a-s hlaving a right to tle use of a     brotier of the p lr7ceO.
sweodl that he had taken hbimsel:[' and   AIDn s3wa s son of Iddo, govern-or
belieing that  e was a fhi:Ii ul ser.vant of Mal-oaim.   e lived  cduring  th
of Saul, and wass; oin important busi- relgn off Solomon. 010.    t Kings, iv'  14.
ness, probably, Nw ithout any hesitancy,
sati;fied him l with bread and  thn e sword. AiHINOAbI, 1-[A-hinZ-no-am, ] the
But not long' aiter this, Poeg, the       becatsF cz-,d cod zc0f, e.s. of the6 bo071e).
Edomite, relorted to K'in  Saul how    AI GNOMIr swas tihe daiughter  -f AhiAhimielch lacld received cPlelvid in his minaz, and the -wife of Saul.  Ist San':.
flight, and supplied his wants.  Saul xiv: 50.  We suppose this womsrai ias
became very much enraged, and called the only wife of Saul, and thle  sother
the priests together, and when they of the children whose names are given.
were all convened he made the charge Jonahan           i, sh l iahishua, with Mieagainst tlhem  of treason, and cided icab and M3ichalo  She was also, it is
that they should all be slain at once. quite lilkely, the.mother of ishabosheth,
T1he gutards were unwilling to perform  who, it may be, as hle is not named in
the task-probably they were satisfied thle above passage, was not yet torn;
that they Lad done nothling worthy of or if born, he was an infant, and is not
death, not even Ahinelechl. They kntew  numbered with  his brot-hers, as he
he was innocent of the crime with whieh could not go with them to war.
the king charged him and his associates.
When t}e guards refused to do it, the AHINOAMB, 2 —The beauty acnd come1ing ordered Doeog, who was their ac-        liZnes qf the brother.
cuser, to become their executioner, and   AuIINO oim  the Jezreelite, Nwas the
he, glad of the oppo-tunity of becon- wife of David.  She is referi-ed to in
ing thus notorious, laid his sacrilegious I connection with Abigail, the Carmel



AHI                 [48]               AHE
irte, in lst Sam. xxv: 43: " David also that his acdvice was generally received
took Ahinoam  of Jezreel, and they as an order of God. After Iaving
wiere also both of thelm  his wives." been for sone timle the counsellor of
This passage seems to indicate that I ing David, he j]bined in the rebellion
David mlarried Abigail first; and yet of Absalom, and becaine his advise-r.
we judge lie did not, for Ahinoam is As soon as David learned that Ahithogenerally lunentioned first among his pinel had become Absalom'sa friend and
wives, whieh we think would not have counsellor, lie employed HIushai, anbeen the ease hCad he not niarried her other counsellor of his own, to Connfirst. And we learn from  2d Sam. teract the advice of Ahithophol wiltl
iii: 2, that she was the mother of Absalom, under the pretense of servDavid's oldest son, Ainnon.          ing him as the new  king. Hushani,
true to David's wish, went over to
AH3O-[A-hi'o,] his brother, bis breth- Absalom  and became acquainted with're2.                            Ahithophel's counsel, and he counAi3o0 was with Uzzah, his brother, seleld Absalom contrary; which counin charge of. the cart into wiech the sel was followed, and Ahlithophel's
Ark wnas put by David when he re- was rejected, at least in part. It is
moved it from the house of Anminadab true that Absalom followed the counsel
to place it in the newly erected taber- of Ahilthophlel in defiling his father's
nacle. 2d Stll. vi: 3.               wives, and thus laying the ground-work
for a degree of feeling on the part of
AHIRA —[A-hy/-rah,] brother of ini- David against Absaloml that could not
euity or of the shephlerd.       easily be destroyed. Allithlophel inAfHIRA was the son of Enan, and tended to make David irreconcilable.
chiec- of the tribe of Naphtali. Num. But the other thing that lhe counseled,
i: 15.                               he was not so successful in. HI-e proposed to Absalon that they should
AI-IIRAMf —[A-hi'ram,] b  o ther of pursue after David at once with an
cracft, protection.              army of men, come upon himl while lhe
AHIRABI was one of thle sons of was weary and weak handed, dispirit
Benjamin, and an ancestor of the him, and frighten his men so that they
Ahiiramnites. Num. xxvi: 38. He is would desert, when King David should
tihought to be the same as Aher, in the be slain and tie way opened for Absalist of BenjaLmin's children.        lomn to ascend the throne. This counsel was received with favor by Absalom,
AH-ISAI TACI-[EA-his'a-mak,] bro- but either to be more certain that this
ther of strengthl or of suplp)ort.  was right, or to show  deference to
A-IISAMrACII was the father of Aho- Hushai, who had come over from
liab, a famous artificer, employed by David to him, or for some other cause
Mfoses. Ex. xxxv: 34.                he called Hushai and informed  him of
tihe counsel of Ahlithophel. Hushai
AlHIS -AHA   - [ A- hi - sha'- bar, ] differed from him, and gave his reasons
3Brother of the morning or dew, for his contrary counsel. He desired
brot/her of blackiness.         Absalom, instead of pur uing after
AuIsHAnIAn was one of the sons of David at once, to make ready for a camnB.ilhan, the grandson of Benjamin. paign, and proceed at the head of his
1st Chron. vii: 10.                  army in person. lHis counsel pleased
Absalomn and the mnen of Israel, and
AHIHAR - [A-hii'shar,] brother of they preC-rred it to the counsel of
a pr7iS -e.                      Ahithophel. As soon as he learned
AsHIsIAl was an officer in Solo- that his counsel was rejected and
mnon's household, one of his stewards. I-lushai's was taken in its stead ihe
1st Kings, iv: 6.                    became  disgusted and hastened to his
house in Giloh, and " put his houseAHITHgOPHEL - [A - hith'o - fel, ] hold in order and hanged himself."
brother of rusin, or foll.         -He probably foresaw Absalomn's deAI-HTItOPHEL was a native of Giloh, feat,  and  dreaded the punishment
in the tribe of Judah. He- was so re- which would -be inflicted upon him as
nowned a counsellor and statesmuan a traitor when David was re-established




AtI-                [49]               AlIO
on his throne and Absalom  con- AIHOE on AIOAI{ —[A-ho'a h,             a
quered.                                  thistle, a thorn, a fish-hook, brothThe  self-murder  of Ahithophel        erhood.
could not be attiributed to lunacy, for   AIIno  or AIOAH was the third son
the steps he took to it were deliberate. of Bela, and a grandson of Benjamin.
IHe set his house in order, and then He is referred to in 1st Chron. viii: 4,
deliberately hanged himself. IHle was where the posterity of Benjamin are.
a wise man and counsellor, well versed given.  He was the chief of the fainin the aflairs of state, but God con- ily of Ahoites.
fo u n dd his wicked devices and
brought him thus to a miserable end. AHOLAF — A-ho'lah,l]  his taberThough wise lie was very wicked, and     nc cle, Ais tent.
died unprepared  to meet God. 2d   AIIOrLAI  and Aholibah were two.
Sam. xvii: 23.                       feigncd names 1made use of by Ezekiel xxiii: 4.  This Prophet represents
AHIITUB, 1-[A-hi'tub,] brother of by them the two kingdoms of Jcudlah.
goodness.                        and AIrh.el. Aholah signifier  a tent,
AIITUB was the son of Phinzeas, and stanlds for S:,namaria and the ten.
the son of Eli. Phincas and Hophni tribes thitt rcvoltrcld under Jeroboam.
were both slain in the unfortiunate Abolibah signifies, my tent is in her,
engagement with the Philistines, in and stacnd  for Jeruslalmza and the
which the Ark of God was taken. subjects  of Judea.  Both of thcsc
This unfortunate aff-air seemed to be kingldollis went awry fronm CGod, gave
the occasion of the sudden death of themselves np to their cnemIics, the.
Eli, for when le heard that his sons Egyptians  and Assyrians, and adopwere slain, and that- the Ark of God ted their abomninationr alnd idolatries.
was captured, he fell backward and   Because of this, their wickedness,
broke his neck.                      the Lord abandconed theni to those
Ahitub succeeded his grandfclth er very people for whose idolatry and
in the high priesthood, and performed wicked practices they haid,shown such
the duties of that office most of the a fondness. They were conquered and
time during the judgeship of Samuel. carried into bondage, and subjected
I-e was succeded by his sons Ahiah to the severest servitude. There inay
first, and then Ahimclech. His sue- have been two persona used to rcprecessor is named in 1st Sam. xiv: 3.   sent these two kEindomss.
AHITUB, 2-Brother of gooC,Dess.   AI-iOLIAB-[A-ho'1i-ab,] the teazt or
A-rITU3 is named in 1st Chron. vi:    tabersnacle cf the father.
7, in the numbering of the sons of   AnoLTIAB was the son of AhisaLevi, as the son of Amariah and the mach, of the tribe of Dan, and he wvas
father of Zadok.                     appointed by the Divine Being as a
helper unto Bezaleel in the important
AHIITUB, 3 —Brother of goodness.   work assigned him.  There maly have
AHITUB is mentioned in 1st Chron. been many other helpers selected who,
vi: 11. He also was the sou of Amar- were wise-hearteld.:But Aholiab was
iah and the father of Zadok.         the principal one. Ex. xxxi: 6.
It secms from. Ex. xxxv: 34, that
AHLAT —[Ah Maij beseeching, so r - Aholiab was as divinely called and:
roiwing, begihznnzing, brother to mze. fitted for his work, as was Beza.leel,
AI-ILAI was the daughter of She- and we may consider that his position
sham, and he gave her in marriage to and work was nearly as important..
his Egyptian slave Jarha. 1st Chron. God prepared them  alike to teach,
ii: 31-35. She became the foundress "And filled  them  with wisdom  of
of an important branch of the family heart to work a11 manner of work, of'
of Jerahmeelites, and from her were the cngraver, and of the cunning
descended Zabad, one of ID av i      w' s workman, and of the embroiderer in
ighty men, and Azariah, one of the blue, and in purple, in scarlet, and in
captains of hundreds in the days of fine linen, and of the weaver, even of
Joash. 1st Chron. xi: 41, and 2d thelm that do any work, and of those
Chron. xxiii: L                      that devise cunning work."  Moses:
4




AHO                 [501              ALE
appointed them to the work, and when AKKUB, 2- the print qf the foot
it was finished, received it off their  where anqy creature hath been, stphands, and pronounced his blessings     plantation.
upon them. Exodus xxxvi: 2 and   ArKUB, one of the sacred porters
xxxix: 43.                          or door keeper at the east gate of the
temple.  His descendants succeeded
A-HOLIBAMIAH —[A-ho-li'ba-mahl  to his office, and are among those who
nmy tabernacle is exalted.      returned from Babylon. Ez. ii: 42;
AHOLIsAMAH, a wife of Esau. Neh. vii: 15.
She is called Judith in Gen. xxvi: 34,
and in that passage it is told us that AKIKUB, 3-the print of the foot
Esau was forty years old when he        where any crcatzre hath bee2, stpm1arried this woman.  She was the       plantation.
mother of three sons, viz: Jeush,   AKIKUB, one of the  Nathinims
Jaalam and Korah, who were born in whose family returned with Zerubbathe land of Canaan. Gen. xxxvi: 5. bel. Ez. ii: 45.
AhTUMAI-[A-hu'mnai.]                AKKUB 4-the prfint of the foot
ArIuTAl was the son of Jahath, a      where cany creazture hath been, supdescendant of Judah, and head of one    p7clantation.
of the families of the Zorathites. 1st   AKcrcuB was a Levite who assisted
Chron. iv: 2.                       Ezra in expounding the law to the
people. Neh. viii: 7.
AHUZAT —       [A-hu'lznu,] th7-ir talcT'gy possession, viSion.        ALE.METH —[Al'e-meth,] a hiding,
AhIUZxAM was the con of Ashur by      youith, worlds, upon, the dead.
his wi-'  Naaltrah, and the father or   ALnEMIETI  was the son of Becher
founder of Tckoa. let Chronicles noticed in the 1st Chron. vii: 8.
iv: 6.                              There were nine of then brothers,
whose names are given there. In ist
AlUZZF ATH-[A-hhuz'zath] 2posses- Chron. vi: 60, there is a city mension, ca2pprehcnsion, vision.   tioned of this name. It was probably
AIEUZZArI was a friend of Abime- named in honor of this mLan.
lech, who, in company with Phichol,,came to the patriarch Isaac to estab- ALEXANDER, 1- [Al-ex-an'der,j
lish an alliance with him. The cir-     one that assists men, one that turns
cumstance is recorded in G-en. xxvi:    away evil.
26.                                   ALEXANDER, in history called Alexander the Great, is supposed to be
AIAI —[A-i'ah,] a raven, a vulture, referred to and described in the pro-.
alas, where is it?              phecy of Dan. vii: 6.  He is repreAIAx  was the -father of Rizpah, sented as a leopard with four wings,
who was secondary wife of king Saul. to signify his great strength and the
2d Sam. iii: 7-2d Sam. xxi: 8.      rapidity with which conquest will succeed conquest under him.  So he
AJAH —[A'jah.]                      is understood to be represented in viii;
AJAHI was the son of Zibeon, and 4, under the figure of a he goat. And
the grand-son of Seir, the 1-orite. the great images which the king of
Gen. xxxvi: 24.                     Babylon saw in his dream; with its
body of brass is understood to be an
AKAN.                               emblem. of Alexander and the Maace
AKAN was the son of Ezer and the donian empire.
grand-son of Seir, the 1iorite. Gen.t
xxxvi: 27.                          ALEXANDER, 2-One that assists
mnen, one that turns away evil,
AKKIUB, 1-[Ak/'ub,] the print of   ALEXANDER was the brother of
the foot where any creature hath Rufus, and they were both noted
been, szupplantation.           Christians, the sons of Simon the
AKKUB a descendant of Zerubb a  Cyrenian, who was compelled to bear
bel. 1st Chron. iii: 24.            Christ's cross when he fainted under




ALE                [51]              AMA
the load. Alexander- is referred to in other used by Romans and strangers.
1 ark xv: 21.                       [See Cleopas.]
There was another Alpheus, who
ALEXANDER, 3-One that assists was the father of Matthew, one of the
nmen, one that turns away evil.    desciples of our Lord, and one of the
ALEXANDER is referred to in Acts evangelists —the first who wrote a
iv: 6. He was in company with the history of the Lord.
chief priests and elders, when they   In the 2d chap. of Mark, 14th verse
imprisoned the apostles for healing where we have the account of Mat-:the impotent man.                  thew's call, he is denominated Levi,
the son of Alpheus. Of this personALEXANDERE, 4-One that assists age we know nothing further.
cnen, one that tcrns away evil.
ALEXANDER is called the copper- ALYAN.
smith.  HI-e made pretensions for a   ALVAN was the son of Shobal, and
while to be a christian, but his con- the grandson of Seir, the HLorite.
duet was blasphemous and Paul de- Gen. xxxvi: 23.
livered him over to Satan. H1-e may
have been sincere at first and may be AMIAL -[A'mal. 
the one referred to in Acts xix: 33.   ArIAL was an Asherite, son of leIf so he apostatized. He became en- lam. 1st Chron. vii: 35.
raged at Paul and tried to injure him,
as he says in lst Tim. i: 20 and in 2d AALEK - [Am-a-lek,] a people
Tim. iv: 14-15.                        that licks up or u'ses ill.
ATALEIC was the son of Eliphaz
ALLMODAD —l[A-moLdad,    ] measuzre and the grandson of Esau.  There
of God.                         may have been an Amalek long before
ALMODAD was the son of Joktan this one, in the days of Abraham, bed the family of Shem. The follow- cause there was a people called Amaling are the names of his brothers as ekites in the days of Chedorlaomer,
given in Gen. x: 26-29. Sheleph and the king of Elam.  That king fought
Hazarmaveth and Jerah, Hadcoralm  with the Amalekites, and smote all
and Uzal and Diklah and Obal, Abi- the country, and it is reasonable to
mael and Sheba, Ophir and Havilah  suppose that they sprung from  an
and Jobab, in all thirteen, and they Amalek more ancient than any person
had their dwelling from Mesha unto bearing that name that we read of.
Sephar, a mount of the east.          There is some tradition among the
Arabians that there was an Amalek
ALPHEUS, 1 —[Al-fe-us,] ca thou- who was the son of Ham; and many
sand, chief.                    suppose that the powerful people who
A L P II E U s was the name of the attacked the Isra'elites in the wildert*,ther of James, the less, who was ness, derived their ancestry from Ham.cousin of our Lord. Alpheus was the rather than from so recent an origin
husband of Mary, believed to be the as Amalek, the grandson of Esau;
sister of the virgin Mary, so that he and there is an allusion made by Bawas the uncle of the son of Mary by laam to Amalekites as "the first of
marriage, and the father not only of the nations" that will not so well
James the less, but of Juda and Joses. agree with the descendants of Esau
They are called the Lord's brothers; as a more ancient stock; and there
but the term brother is too general in are other things in which the fitness
its application to fix their relation- will not so well appear.
ship. They, with all the children of   The descendants of the Amalekites
Alpheus, were cousins. Gal. i: 19; that came from Esau were bitter eneMark, vi: 3. Many suppose that Cle- mies of the Israelites or Jews. They
opas and Alpheus are the same person, probably were made acquainted with
the former being the Hebrew name the fact that Jacob, the brother of
and the latter the Greek, for it was Esau, had supplanted him and secured
common in those times for persons to his birthright. When Israel had sethave two names-one of them used by tled in the land of Canaan and were
their friends and countrymen and the served by judges, the Amalekites as



AMA                 [521              AMA
sociated themselves with the Midian- Amasa to assemble all Judah  and
ites to invade the land of Israel when march agaCsimt him. But while Amasa
they were defeated by Gideon. And was delayed in gathering the army tow h e n the form  of Government of gether and getting ready for-battle Joab
Israel was about to be changed from  and Abishai received orders from the
judges to that of kings, Saul was sent King to go against Sheba the son of
to fight with them, and utterly destroy Bichri with the six hundred men on
them. I-Ie fought, and conquered hand ready to do battle for the King at
them, and destroyed their entire army, any time. And they made ready and
but spared Agag, their king.        went, but they had not proceeded far;
God did not approve of Sa,ul's when Amasa with the main army overcourse in sparing Agag, and the took them. at Gibeon. And when  he
prophet Samuel took it upon himself met Joab in friendship he saluted him
to "hew Agag into pieces," thus exe- according to the custom of that day,
cuting God's decree regarding Aml- heartily. Joab approached near unto
alek.                               him and making as though he intended:
But Amalek, the grandson of Esan, to kiss hIli, with one hand he graspeds
succeeded Gatem in the governlment his sword and with the other he caught
of the Edomites. Gen. xxxvi: 16.   the beard of Amiasa, and he thrust "his
Tlhe d u c a I governlment prevailed sword through the body of this General
first among the sons of Esau. Ama- of David's army, so that he expired in
lek was a duke; i. e., a leader or cap- a short time. This impious and wicked:
tain of the people. Num. xiv: 25; act of Joalb in killing a young man,
and 1st Sam. xxvii: $.              and his kinsman, and the kinsman of
King David, was the effect of jealousy,
AM A R I A H- [ Am-a-ri-ah, ] the for Amasa had never wronged himu
strengthL of the Lorc.          But he feared that he would become
There were two persons of this name permanently his equal if not his supewho belonged to the tribe, of Levi, rior, and hence determined to slay him.
and in.the line of the priests to the HIe was actuated by the same spirit in
captivit.C.  The first was the. son of killing another of the great men of
Meraiothl, and the second was the Israel. I mean Ahner the: son of Ner.
son of Azariah. 1st Chronicls, vi: 7;  2d Saml iii: 27.
and vi: 11.
AMASA, 2-A forgiving- people, the
AM3ASA, 1-[An-aym-sah,] a forgiv-~    burden of the people.:ing people, the burden, of the   In the. days of Ahaz King of
peopl~e.                        Judah there was an Amasa the son
A JASA was the son of Jether or of H-adlai who occupied a somewhat
Ithra, and of Abigail the sister of conspicuous place in the government of
David, was general of Absalom's army Israel or about Samaria the Capitol.
in the rebellion. He fought with Joab For when Israel fought withL Judah and
who was the general of David's army conquered  them, and  brought two
and was conquered. When Absalom  hundred thousand captives- to Samawas slain and his army scattered, ria, Amasa with several other heads of
Amasa expected punishment from Da- the children of Ephraim refused to let
vid but was mercifully spared, and the conquerors enter the city with their
when David became angry at Joab his captives. In 2d Chron. xxviii, we have
General he pardoned Aimasa and ap- this account, and -from it we may learn
pointed l;m  general in the stead of that Amasa was a man of some note
Joab, and gave him the command of amongst them. Especially does his adhis army. Joab was not pleased at dress to the conquerors in the 13th verse
this promotion. of him who had fought show that he feared God and desiredl
with the very troops he now command- his blessing upon their nation.
ed in a rebellion, and probably then determnined to destroy him, as he after- AMASAT, 1-[Am-a-a'i.]
wards did in a most dastardly and cow-  AMmASAR  was a Kohathite, and the
ardly manner.                       father of Mahath, and ancestor to
When Sheba the son of Biclri' re- Samuel and  leman the  inger. lst:
volted against David, he gave orders to Chron. vi: 25.




AMIA                [53]               ATi
AMASAI, 2.                           ceeded his father to the throne. HI-e
AMASAI was chief of the captains of was twenty-five years of age when he
Juda1l and Benjamin, who deserted to began to reign, and he reigned twentyDavid while at Zilkag. lstChron, xii: 18 nine years at Jerusalem.
There were two important wars prosAIXIASAI, 3.                         ecuted by Amlaziah; the one was
AIJAsAI was eone of the aiests who against the Edconites and Amalekites
blew trumpets before the Ark when and the other against Israel.  He- -conDarvid brought it from  the house of quered the former, but was conquered
Obededom.  tet ClJron xv:: 24.       by the latter.
Amaziah feared the God of his faAMBASA, 4.                           thers in the beginning of his reign.
AitAsAI -wasanother Kobhathite, and " I-Je did good in the sighl. of the
father of another Mahath in the reign Lord, but not with a perfect heart."
of Hezekiah.;2d -Chrom xxix- 12.    As soon as he was settled on the throne
he executed.just punislhment on the
AMASALT 5.                           murderers of his  tather, Joash, by
AMASAI is 1eferred to In 1st -Ch.ron. putting them to death; but accorciDg
xii: 16, 19, from  which  we  may to the law of Moses, and contrary to
judge that he was a chief of Captains the customs of those times -anid counof Judah and Benjaamin, who went to tries, he would not imbrue his hands
David in, his exile as did matny other of in the bloodclof the innocent:children.
his friends to Ziklag.and consoled him  The law of Moses was, "The fathers
and joined themselvesu nto him, while shall not be put to dleath for the chilSaul full of wrath was seeking him for dren, neither shall the children be put
death. When David heard they were to death for the fathers: every man
coming, he went to meet ~them, asked shall be put to death for his own sins.",them if they were for him  or against. Deut. xxiv,: 16o
him.  "If ye be come peaceably unto   When about to prepare his expedi-.mie to help me,;mine heart shall be knit tion against Edom  and Amialek, he
unto you, but if ye be come to betray chose him  an army ffrom Judah and
nnme to ine enemies, seeing there is no  Benjamin, of:young men in the flower
wrong in mine hands, the:God of our of their age, about twenty years old.
Tathers look thereon and rebuke it." His:muster resulted in gathering to-.Amasai stood up and in the name of gether an army of three hundred thouthe whole company said, "Thine are, sand men able to bear arms. He sent
we, David, and on thy side thou son of to the king of Israel.and?hired one
-Jesse. Peace, peace be unto thee, and hundred thousand of his men for -a
peace be to thine helpers, for thy God hundred talents of silver.'helpeth thee."  As David became sat-:But while'he was preparing for the
isfied that Amasai and his companions expedition, and about ready to go out
would be true to him he received them  to war, a prophet came to him  and
at once, and made the-captains'officers said,'0O, King, let;not the army of
in his army.                         Israel go with thee, for the Lord is not
with Israel."  God;gave Amaziah to
A3:sLMS-HAT —iAm-a-sha'i. 1         understand through his prophet tlha
AASHATI was the son of -Azareel, he he must dismiss the:army of the Israelwas a priest in the. tine of Nehemiah. ites, for they were bad. men. God was
Neh. xi: 13.                         angry with theim and would not gisve
himl success if they went. Now, AmAMASIAH —[Am-a —si'ah.1              aziah ihad probably paid the hire, a
AIASIAx  was thoe son of Zfchriand hundred talents of silver, to the King
commander of 200,000  warriors of of Israel, but he is commandecd to give
Judahin thereignofKingJelhoshaphat. up their service and send them lback to
2d Chron. xvii: 16.                  their master, and he dlid. But these
Israelite soldiers were dissatisfied, and
A3IAZIAHI, 1 —[Am-a-zi/-ah,] the taking their dismission in affront, on
strength of the Lord.            their way to Samaria they fell upon
AAZhIAI was one of the Kings of the cities of Judah and destroyed them
Judah and the son of Joash. He suc- from Bethhoron toSamaria, killing three




AMA                 [541              AMA
thousand men and taking much cattle compares himself to the cedar of Lebor booty in their conquest.          anon, and Amaziah to a thistle-a
- Amaziah, after dismissing the hired sorry weed. He then tells him  that
soldiers, made war upon the nations of he does not fear him, but rather deEdoam and Amalekites, and conquered spised him, and scorned to have anythem. In battle he slew ten thousand thing to do with him, or make any aland took as many prisoners alive, and liance with him, as the cedar would to,
brought them  to a certain place in join its daughter to a thistle. He
Arabia where he executed theml. He then foretells the fall of Amaziah-" a.
also obtained much spoils and vast wild beast trod down the thistle," and:
riches.                              so put an end to the treaty with the
After conquering the Edomites in cedar. The meaning of this probably
t.he Valley of Salt he took their gods was: Israel can crush Judah, or Joash
and proceeded to worship them. How can conquer Amaziah.  Hie then shows
strange that a king of Judah who had him the folly of his challenge: " Thou
begun his reign as Amaziah had, and hast indeed smitten Edom, a weak, unhad been prospered by the God of his armed, undisciplined body of men, but
fathers as he had, should be so elated thou canst not thus subdue Israel.
with his victory as to forget his obliga- Thou art proud of the blow  given
tions and offer such insults to Jehovah  Edom as if that had; made thee invincias to engage in. the gross idolatry of ble and unconquerable."  He would
the heathen' nation he had just con- have Amaziah content with the honor
quered..                             he had won, and not hazard that by
Amaziah it would seem, after his grasping for more. But the King of'
victory over the nations with whom he Judah would not hearken, and as he
had fought, thought himself invincible persisted in his resolution Joash met
and able to conquer any nation. Hie him face to face and defeated him, and
meditated in his heart the conquest of took him prisoner and carried him to
Israel. Whether he had any thought Jerusalem. The gates of the city were
of revenging the death of the three openl to receive him, and he took posthousand men that had been killed session of it and plundered it, and carfronm Bethhoron to Samaria by the dis- ried the gold and silver to Samaria
missed soldiery or not, we cannot cer- with the rich vessels of the house of
tainly tell, but it is certain that he con- God and the treasury of the royal
templated bringing back the revolted palace, and the sons of his own people
tribes, and making his kingdom exten- that had been hostages in Jerusalem.
sive as it was in the days of his father   A.maziah was thus brought down.
David. He wrote tothe king of Israel and humbled by a conqueror. He
to this effect: " Come out with Tsrael reigned fifteen years after the death of
to war with me. Come, let us look one Joash, but did not return to the God
another in the face."  It is quite prob- from whom he had wickedly wandered.
able that this challenge was made After this a conspiracy was raised
grounded on the matter to which we against himn  and he fled to Lachish,.
have referred, viz: the slaughter of the but was assassinated there by the conthree thousand.  i-e required, proba- spirators. Some of his subjects carbly, of Joash, a repairing of this ried his dead body to the city of David
breach so far as it could be repaired. and prepared it for burial with his anThe king of Israel answered him  by cestors. 2d Kings xiv: 2d Chron. xxv..
the fable of the cedar of Lebanon and
the thistle trodden down by a beast. AMAZIAJI, 2 —[Am-a-zi'ah,] the'This may be considered a grave rebuke   strength of the Lord.
for the challenge and advice to with-   AMAZIAH was an idolatrous high
draw it. It was not a challenge to a priest of the golden calf of Bethel.
personal combat, to fight a duel, but it He is referred to in Amos, vii: 9-17.
was a challenge to bring the forces of The prophet Amos predicted the ruin
Israel and Judah into the field and try of the high places of Israel, and the
the strength  of the nations, which utter destruction of the family of Jerwould result in the loss of thousands of oboam the king of Israel. The lying
men. In this fable, recorded in 2d and idolatrous Amaziah then bade
Kings xiv: 9, 11, the King of Israel Amos flee from Israel into the land of




AMA                 [55]             AM.M
Judah, and no more prophesy against people of this city realized that it was
Israel and her kings. I-Ie probably a fearful thing to use irreverent boldaccused Amos to the king as a traitor, ness with holy things, and so trample
and a troubler of the people. But in  lpon the authority of God. They bethe stead of heeding his advice, the sought the men or Kirjatlh-jearim to
true prophet assured him lthat his per- come and take possession of the ark,
secution of him should be resented by and they did, and deposited it in the
the Almighty. He assured Amaziah house of Abinadab, and his son Elethat his wife should become base and azer was placed in charge of it. 1st
a prostitute, that his children should Samn. vii: 1. " And the men of Kirbe cruelly murdered, and his inherit- jath-jearimi came and fetehed up the
ance should be possessed by his ene- ark of the Lord and brought it into
mies. That he himself should die in the house of Abinadab, in the hill,
lonely exile, and Israel should go into and sanetified Eleazer his son to keep
captivity.                          the ark of the Lord."
Abinadab dwelt in Gibeath, that is
A,MINADAB, 1 —[A-m in'a - d a b, I to say, in the highest part of the city.
prince of the people, a people that The chariots of Aminadib are menvows.                           tioned in the Songs of Solomon, vi: 12.
AmIINnDAB was the father of Eli- This, of course, is another Aminadib,
sheba, Aaron's wife, and is referred to who, we may suppose, was celebrated
in Ex. vi: 23.                      as a charioteer. HIe may have been
celebrated for lightness of his chariots
AMITNADAB, 2 —Prince of the peo- and the swiftness of his horses, or he
plc, a peopjle that vows.       may have been celebratedfor his skill in
A,IINADAB iS mentioned in Mlath. driving, as Jehu the son of Nimshi was.
i: 4, as of the progenitors of Christ.
lIe was the son of Aram, and father AMIT TAI-[A-mit'tai.]
of Naason.                            AmITTaI was the father of Jonah
the prophet. Jon. i: 1.
AMINADAB 3, oR ABINADABPrince of the people, a -people that AMMIEL, 1 —[Ammi-el.]
vows.                             AImnEL was of the tribe of Dan,
AMINADAB, or ABINADAB, was a and was selected by Moses as one of
Levite, and an inhabitant of Kirjath- the twelve spies to search out and cxjearim.  The ark of God was depos- amine the state of the land of Canaan.
ited with him  after it was brought Num. xiii: 12.
from Bethshemesh.
For sTeven months after it was taken AMlMIEL, 2.
it Was with the Philistines, and when   AMMIEL was the father of }iachir,
they determined to send it back to in whose house I3ephibosheth, the
Shiloh, they took it as far as this place, son of Jonathlan, was dwelling when
which was a city of the tribe of Judah, David learned  of him, and deterbelonging to tlle priests. Some Levites mined to show him kindness for Jonatook possession of it.              than, his f:ather's sake. HIe is called
Here the order of the divine Being Ammuiel of Lodebar, because he hired
regarding the ark was violated, for them. 2d Sam. ix: 4.
some of the people of the city, out of
curiosity, looked into the ark. For AMMIJEL, 3.
this the Lord destroyed seventy of the   AMi1IEL was the sixth son of Obed
principal men belonging to Bethshe- Edom, and one of the sacred porters.
mesh, and fifty thousand of the comn- 1st Chron. xxvi: 5.
mon people. 1st Sam. vi: 19.
The order of Jehovah was that not AMMIHIHJUD, 1-[Am'mi-hud,] peoonly the common people should not    ple of praise.
look into the ark upon pain of death,  A3IMI IuTD was, of the tribe of Ephiabut even the Levites were solemnly im, and the father of Elishama, the
prohibited. Num. iv: 20. ".But they pr i c e  of that tribe, who assisted
shall not go in to see when the holy Moses- in numbering the tribes of Is..
things are covered lest they die." The rael. Num. i: 10.




AMM                [561              AiN
AMMIHI-UD, 2-People of praise.        They were idolaters worshiping MoA3IHI-IUD was the father of Peda- lech and Chemosh. In the time of
hel, of the tribe of Naphtali, who was Jepthah, or a little before his time,
a prince, and assisted in dividing the they engaged in a war with the Israelland of Canaan. Num. xxxiv: 28.  ites. They invaded the land with a
view of conquering the tribes of JuAMMIHUD, 3-People of praise.   dalh, Benjamin  and Ephraim. They
AIMvIIImUD was the father of Talmai, were resisted by Israel dwelling in
king of Geshur. This Tallmani was the that part of the land, and Jepthah was
grandfather of Absalom, and gave him  chosen as their General. Jepthah enda home the three years he was exiled gaged with and conquered thelm, with
from his father David for the murder a very great slaughter.
of Amunon. 2d Sam. xiii: 37.          They recovered somewhat from this
conquest by Jepthah, and in the days
AMMiISHIADDAT - [Am-rmi-shad'- of Saul, they were in battle again with
dai,] the people of the Alcnighty. Israel and were conquered.  In the
AMMIISHADDAII was of the tribe of days of David they were conquered
Dan, and the father of Ahiezer, the again. Jehoshaplat routed them durprince, who assisted Moses in number- ing his reign, and Uzziah, King of
tng the tribes of Israel. Numb. i: 12. Judah, entirely overthrew themz  and
made theml tributary to his kingdom.
iAMMIZABAlD-[Am-miz'a-bad.]   They rebelled in the days of Jotham.
IAMIZABAD Was the son of Bena- but were reduced to the necessilty o'
iah, is reckoned in the course of his purchasing peace at very dear rategs,
father when the monthly service was viz: "And the children of Anmnon
instituted. 1st Chron. xxvii: 6.    gave hilu the samle year a hundred
talents of silver, and ten thousand
AMMON-[Amlmon,] the so~n of mny measures of wheat, and ten thousand
people.                         of barley."
AMMON, or the father of the Am-   They continued to be enemies of
monites, was the son of Lot's youngest the Jews even after the Babylonian
daughter, called in Gen. xix: 38, Ben- captivity.  But at length their aniamlni. He dwelt on the east side of mosities ended. The Jews destroyed
the Dead Sea, in the mountains of their city'Jasher, and the neighboring
Gilead, or his descendants did, and towns. They plundered the cities and
they becalne very numerous.  They towns, destroyed the men, and carried
were somewhat favored of God, in the woluen and children into captivity.
that the Israelites were forbidden to   The prophecies regarding Armmon
disturb them.  Deut. ii: 19, "And have been filfilled. "The Amemonwhen thou comest nighn over against ites shall not be remembered among
the children of Anlmnon, distress then the nations "-though they continued
not, nor imeddle with them: for I will a distinct people until the second cenlnot give thee of the land of the chil- tury of the Christian Era.
dren of Ammlon any possession, because I have given it unto the chil- AMNON — [Ama-nonj] fait7fid and
dren of Lot for a possession."  Thus   true, foster fat7her.
we observe that the Lord favored the
posterity of the noted kinsman of   AMNON was the eldest son of David
Abraham. They as well as the chil- by Ahinoam, his second wife.  -e
dren of Moab, Lot's eldest daughter's defiled his half-sister, Tainar, who;,son, were to be preserved while the was the daughter of Maachah and the
Israelites marched through the land sister of Absalom. This so enraged.as conquerors, though they were not Absaloml that he sought to slay him;
to receive them into the congregation and at length an opportunity was ofof Israel to the tenth generation, for fered him.  Two years after this
the reason that they did not render wicked act of Amnon, Absalom had a
help to Israel when it was in their feast to which he invited all the king's
power, and more than that, they were sons. Hle laid his plot, and at the apimplicated in hiring Balaam to curse pointed time in the feast, "when Amtheln.                              non's heart was merry with wine," he




AMN                  [57]              AMO
gave his order to his servants to kill ii: 57, and in Neh. vii: 59. HI-s deAmtanon, and his order was obeyed.    seendants are referred to there in the
Thus died one who miglit hcave filled transcript of tlhe register of those who
the throne of Israel, by the hands of had come out of Babylon with Zelrbhis brother, with a foul stain upon his babel.
character of defiling an innocent one.
2d Sam. xiii.                        AMOS-FA'moz,] loeadcing, weighty.
Atios was one of the twelve lesser
AMON, 1-[Ay'-mon,] faitl7ful, trite. prophets.  In  his youth he was a
AmIoN, the first olne of this name herdsmnan of TekoL which was a small
we notice, was a governor of Samlaia, town in the land of Judah, a few
whon Ahlab, the king of stisel, or- leagues south of Jerusalem.
dered to imprison the prophlet i3 icaiash   lie is supposed to have been born
because hle hhad no t prophesied to within the territories of the kingdom
please him. He ordered  Amon  to of Israel, but retired to ttlis little
put MIicaiah in prison and L'-ced him  town to dwell in privacy —for his
with b1read of atfiiction and with water  mouth hadl  been closed up by the
of afficetionr" until he returned safe wicked idolaters of Israel.  He wvas
fromi the war. Ist Kings,  xxii: 26, 27. sent to them as a re-former and boldly
l declared the word of the Lord regardATMON,    2 -Patl7.ful(, trite.      ing the  kingdoms  of Israel'and,AION was the son of M anasseh, by Judah.
M3e shullelmeth the daught-r of' -aruz.  IHe spa ke agaeinst the crying sins of
Hce wa' theC f'ourteenth king of Judah, the Israelites-openly charg'ng them
acnd  began lis re'ig in tie 2311 year of with the idolatry of the calves at Bethhis age, and re'gned twuo years.   e el-he acceeuses ther  of oppression,
was a veryi wickel  ing, for lie walked wantonness and obstinacy.  J-e also
in the way his faither lhad walked. I-e Caoc-uses Judah of carnal seecurity, senwas, liLe aIanansch, ea   idolater; but suality a;nd injustice. He declares the
unlike hinl in that lhe did not repent threatenings ol' Jehovah, and prloph-at any time of lis w:ckedness, but went esies not only the captivity but the
on as a monster in sin, growing worse utter ruin of those nations.
and worese, until finally his servants   His prophecies were given in the
cmurdered him i1n his,; owin house.  time of Uzzi1ah, king of Judah, and
What was the oceasion of this act Jeroboam  the son of Joash, king of
of his servants we do not know. It Israel.
was not approved )by the populace, as   Amaziah was the high  priest at
is evident from  the fLact that they Bethel, and the one that expelled Amos
rose up and slew th- murdererrs of as a prophet. HI-e brought ain aceusaAmoen.                               tion against him before Jeroboam the
This king, like several other kings king, to this effect.  "Amos hath conthat were idolaters and the successors spired against them in the midst of the
of idolaters, had a short reign, and house of Israel, the land is not able
was brought to an untimely end. It to bear all his words-for this Amos
has been said, by Jewish writers, that saith Jeroboam shall die by the sword,
the sons of Jewish kings,, who became and Israel shall be led  away captive
idolaters, hardly ever reigned more out of their own land."  Anmaziiah
than two years. This was the fact as said therefore unto Amos, " 0 thou
to the son of Jeroboam; also Elah, seer, go, flee thee away into the land
the son of Baasha, and Joram, the of Judah, and there eat bread and
son of Ahab.                         prophesy there, but prophesy not again
Amon, after his murder, was buried any more at Bethel for it is the kings
in the garden of Uzza, supposed to be chapel and it is the kings court."
a family burying ground. 2d Kings,   Amos gave Amaziah an answer to
xxi: 2d Chron. xxxiii.               this address and expulsion from Bethel, in which he declared what the
AMON  3,  OR AM[-F aitlful, true.  Lord had given him to say.
ABIOeN, or AimI, was a noted man   Some writers have supposed the
among the returned captives fro m  prophecies of Amos to be wanting in
Babylon. HIe is referred to in Ezra, that sublimity and naturalness of ex



AMO                  [581                ANA
pression that other prophets have, but  46. This name occurs in the geneal1ogy
no one can read the book without ad- of the priests and Levites.  E-le was a
m-irfing the imagery he has taken from  descendant of Levi and the s'xth from
the scenes around him, and his descrip- ]derari, Levi's son.  in Neh. xi: 1.2.
tions of somze of them are as eloquent Anmzi is nuimbered with the priests, or
passages as can be found in any of the at least Adaiah a descendant of A-mzi
sacred writings.                      with two huncdred and forty-two of his
The time and manner of his death brethren assisted in doinrg the xwolk of
are not knovwn. — See Book of Amos.] the house of the Lord in JerusalIem.
A'TOZ —  A'oz,] strong, robuest.       ANAH — [Ay-nah,] one who ctnswers
Amoz, it is supposed, was the son       or sings,,poor, afficted.
o-f  ing Joash  and the brother of   ANAMI wVIS a, Dulke  of Mt. S;eir the
Amaziah, but of this we cannot be son of Zibeo  tle lIoritc, an d the
certain, but we know he was the father father of Ahlollibarlhl the wife of
of TsaiJa. Isa. i: 1.                 Esau.  In G-en. xxxvi: 24, Anlh is
said to have found the munles in the wilASRAiA1[-  [Am'1am,]  an  exalted derlness S ahe fed t1h  asses of Zibeon,
people, hcmndfu;ls of cornz.     his fatLher. Thli Ibi may allude to tl-le statALmurMx  was the husband of Joche- ute presentel in Leviticus  xixe   19.
bed and the father of the illustrious " Thou shalt not let thy cattle gender
joint-leaders of israel, Aaron, Miriam  with a divers-e kind," a:; violated in the
ared Moses. Fie was probably a noted oexistence of these animals.
man in the nation, and a devoted servant of the God of hIis fathers.  The ANAK- [Ay'-nak, ] a collar, an ornaAlminighty saw fit to select fromn his     qnzet.
family the emancipator of the down-   ANAIT- was the son of Arbah and the
trodden and oppressed race.  When chief' of the AnakinS who were giganiMose3 was born he was associated with tic. At the tim1e C Jo:h1ua enteret d and
J3ochebed the nimother in concealing conquered CanaCan, they were considerthe infant. And in planning for the  oille   t  number,.and they dwelt in
future of the child.  Hfe made alnd TIebron Debi, D   Anb and other places
prepared the frail craft in whirch   i Boses in that pairt of the land.  Some of
was placed, coammitted it to the river f1em 1ha- tleir dxwvel ing, in the mnounNile, and when MIoses was rescued by tains f Jud Idh nLtI I:mel.  PBut Joschua
Pharoah', daughter, andl placed in his cut thema o ff untlI there were none of
fanmily to be nursed, he caressed him  them left in the land save in Gazar,
as his own son, and was satisfied that Gath1 an-.d Ahcldod. Jos. xi: 21, 22.
a glorious future was before him. He W\hen MaoAes sent the spies out to view
died in Egypt at the age of one hun- the promiied land, ten of them  who
dred and thirty-seven years. Ex. vi. were unb)elieving, when they saw the
20.                                   extraordinary  stature, and  probably
the fierce looks of these  children
AMRAPIIEL-[Am'ra-fel,] one twat of Anakl, were alarmed,  and when
speaks of hidden, things or of ruin. they made their report to Moses and
AMREAPHEL was tihe king of Shinar Israel it was: "The land through wlich
and was one of the confederates who we have gone to search it, is a land that
made war with the Kings of Sodom  eateth up the inhabitants thereof, and
Gomorrah, Admah, Zeboim and Zoar, all the people that we saw in it are men
Gen. xiv: 1. He with others joined of a great stature.  And there we,aw
with him conquered the countr~y, and the giants the sons of An-k, which
they took Lot arnd his Gfamily prisoners come of the giants, and we were in our
at Sodom. Abraham  pursued  afer own sight as grasshoppters, and so we
them and overtook them and recaptured were in their si ht. "  Num. iii: a3.
Lot.  [See Chederlaomer.                 The sons of Anak were Sheshai,
Ahimamn and Talmal.
AM3TZI —[Amn'zi, [ strong, mnghty.
There are two persons of this name ANAMIMf —[Ana-mim.l
though there is no history of either   ANAMr-n  was the second son of Mizrecorded.   One in  1st Chron. vi: ralm.  Gen. x: 13. I-e was then a




ANA                 [59]               ANA
descendant of Ham,'and his posteritsy God;" and hardly had the charge falare supposed to have peopled a part of len upon his car until the a-rrow of the
Afiica.                              Almighty's vengeance pierced him.
I-le fell down dead at the apostle's
ANAN — [A nan,] a cloud, a pro- feet.
-   phecy.                              What a solemn scene for Peter and
ANAM was an important personage. his brethlren to wi-tness! and oh, what
li:e was one of the heads of the peo- a terrible lesson to the memberfship
ple after the return froim   abylon, and of the infant Jerusalem  church.  But
sgnied the covenant with Nehemiah. the terrible scenle is not yet all given.
lqeh. x: 2u.                        The dissimulationi on the part of the
fallen was by and with the consent of
ANAN I'[[A-anij.]                    Sapphira, his wife.  About t h reo
ANANI was the seventh son of Eliw- hours after, shl  came  in, not knovwin
ni, ni Twas descended through Zerub- what had been done.  Peter asked
babel from the royal line of Judah. her the question:  "Did ye sell the
lst Chron. iii: 24.                  land for so much?"  She answered
yes. Then Peter informed her of the
ANtNTAHL-[An-a-ni'ah.]             i-fte of her husband, and probably in
AN ANItII uwaS, it iS supposed, a the same senntence, tlhat he1r coom, too,
pl  re~t; anyld the ancestor of Azariah,  was sealed.  "Behold,  the feet o
VWlo assisted Ncehemniaih in rebuilding tlhem that have buried thy hus band
the city walis. Neh. iii: 23.        are at the door, and shall calrry thee
out."  She died, stricken of Cod1 in
A   AN  A S, 1-[An-a-ni'-as,] the vengeance, and was buried beside her
clo -Z cf the.Lord.             husband. Together they embraced
TLere vTas an Ananias, with his wife religion; together they yielded clo the
S-ap?ra, o am mIonbg t he first converts to temptation to retain a part of the purChistalnity in - Jerusalem.  chase money; and so sinnecd. They
The go pel  of Christ wav s to be died within three hours of each other,
prezhed in all nations, beginning at and are buried by each other's side 
I crusalemi. Among these Christians and togeother the immortal s p i r i t s
at- Jeusallem  there was a temporary stand in the presence of the God unto
regula2tion that all the converts were whom they lied. Acts, v.
to ILve all things in common.  Their
esLttecs were to be given in to a, corn- ANANIAS, 2- The clozud of the
men treasury. Ananias sold his es-       Lord.
tate, but reServed a pa'rt of the money   ANANIAS, the disciple of Christ,
to Ihnsoef.  lie came to the apostle who lived at Damascus at the time
with a lie in his heart, on his lips, and that Saul was persecuting Christians,
in his act. The,t- he performed of is  supposed to have been one of the
handing over to Peter the money was seventy sent forth to preach.
a l:e, fr he thereby said: "  hiis is  lIe was a preacher at Damascus,
the ~amount I received for my prop- and when Saul of Tarsus was a penierm-y." Hai ng tie lie ii his heart, andl taut sinner at the house of Judas, on
havnlg gone o far inl developing it, hle the street wlaich is called strait, he
was p7 repared to go firther. 1Ie stood was in the bounds of the pastoral
be-ore the apostle, though lie knew  charge of Ananias. That being the
that he, w-th his brother apostles, case, it is no wonder that God selected
was cqalnifed, by the Holy Gblost, to him as the instructor of this penitent.
discern secrets, and afirmed that he IHe was directed in a vision to go to
had brought the whole price. Peter this house and enquire for Saul of
rebulked him sharply for his wicked- Tarsus. Hle was also in-ormed in the
nerzc  in tell ing thle lie.         vision that Saul was praying; but he
IHe m'lght lawflully have kept the was also informed that the praying
whole, but here he stands before Saul was favored by a vision in which
Peter, declaring that he was devoting he had seen a man named Ananias
all to the se-wice of Chriist when he coming in and ministering to himu.
was retaining a part to himself. Peter   Ananias begged to be excused, for
chebged him with having " lied unto he had heard of Saul as a great perse



ANA                  [601               AND
cutor of Christians, and, moreover, had to be the high priest, or else not acheard that Saul had recently obtained knowledging h-im  as such, replied to
fiolm Jerusa.leom authority to imprison him in a very cutting  manner:  "God
all the Christians he could find in shall smite thee, thou whited wall,".Daumasceus, and tlat was the errand on that is to.say, thou hypoeritical perwhich he had come to the city now. son —God shall judge thee and punlist
The Lord then assured him  that he thee, for slutest thou to judge me after
Tacs in no danger at all, for, whatever the law, and commsnudest me to be
he was bef-ore, he was now  a peni.    ittent. s e  contrary to the law.
"tBehold, he pra.yeth," aend, more t1han   Ananias con-inued to be an invetthati, lie had also choosen him  to be a orate hatler of the Apostle Paul. He
preacher of the gospel. I e had -e- was ready to accuse him before Felix.
teeted mi:m to proclaim  the glad t ci- With a   nniber of others, he ening, oi alvation to the Gentle wor'ld. eouragedl assacasns to murdcer  Paul seI-e l hid cho-en him  to sta'nd be-ore cr0e- ly. Buit Pnl' sister's on becaue
kins n   and earthly ruileers, and be a acquainted wih their  plot, and inaufiebrer for Christ's sake.          formed 1ir. Then, under his direoEllcouraged by these  acets, made  tic o, the yomng man  informei  the
known to him in vison0, lhe went out chief captain,  aild so thwarted the dc4fromi 1his bhomle in search  o-f Saul, acnd slgns Of the inmrdersre,   for Paul was
he f-ound him atv te dcesignated pLo ce,eiit to Carea in the charge of two
in the condiion decribei   li — linc and hundcreCd r olders. Ananias followed
prVaying.  The fitLth of Anaia i11n-   hm tha ht he mi ght   p oseute him with
creac-d as ie loo100d on tho oe nLient,  the  assistance of tGe orator Tertullus.
and heard his moans, and, app-oach-  P-L Lt1aul's appeal to Cesar put off the
ing 1him wth all the fond ieeilngos oi a matt-er, nud changed the place of trial
devoted minister of Clhlrst, he cai d' to Pome.
" BTrot!ler,>a- I, {1 e Lord,  L c even Jesus   AnSlias  Was s mitten of God with
that appeared unto thee in the way aS severe t-ias, o01e of which was his
thou c me'st, hath eot ime, thit thou own _,,on L1.eazer 1heatded a party of
M-1ihtest receive lCy asgLt and be filled m uti neern s a ganst the   nemple and worwith the Holly G-ho'."                sp, ad against him  as his own
Sa ul experiencld the demiared change -ather, puli'ng down his house and
and at once took upon h ms1e'fi'    the br,:nng ng upon  tuenm  the  reproach
name of a Ohristan by ubintuting to o-f iebelliious sons. Acts xxiii: -i,
ho-ly 1baptism3 at the hands o- Aunnia.a xxiv: 1.
Acts, ix: 1-8.
ANAT- [A'uath.]
ANANIAS,      3 — [An-ani/-as,] the    ANATII is re-erred cto in Judges iii:
cloucd of tle Lord1.             31, an t-lo father of Shamgar, rone of
ANANIAS, the  highpriest of the the judges of Israel.  WhetJ6her he
Jews, was the son of icebelneus. He was a noted man in Israel or not, his
sncceeded Josephi to thls  oflice about son0 was, for he sfew six hundred men
47 A. D. Quadrcatus, the ltomoan gov- with an ox-goad.
ernor of Syria, harving quelled some
disturbances raised by the Jews and AN:ATHOTH- - [An1'-a4thothj,] anSa maritans, sent Ananias to R.ome,        swer, cqZfiiciio`m.
to answer for his conduct before the   AWe have an account of this person]Elnperor.  The high priest cleared age in 1st Chron. vi: CO, and vii: 8,
hi-nself to the satisiaetion of Claud- from  which we learn that he belonged
inus, and was returnied home,         to the tribe of Benjaman, and was the
Several years after this, Paul was ap- s0on of  eeher.  It is likely he gave
prehended and brought before Ananias the name to the city of Anathoth.
to be judged.  The Apostle, in a very This was a city about three miles north
discreet manner, began his defense. of Jerusalen, wlich was given by the
He had not proceeded far unt'l the tribe of Benjamin to the priests.
high priest, in a furious manner, ordered those that were near him  to ANDRl EW-[An'/4rew,         ] ca stout andc
smite him on the mouth.  Paul not          strong mart.
knowing him who had given this order   ANDRWV was one of the apostles of




AND'[61]               ANN
Jesus Christ. He was a native of which order was executed, and his
Be-thsaida, and the brother of the body, it is said, was burned by MaxXaillustrious Peter, for whom, we may milla, a lady of great wealth. and qualjudge, he had the fondest feelings, for ity.  John i: 40; xii: 22, and'ath.
when, as a disciple of John the Bap- iv: 18.
tist, Christ was pointed out to him as
the Messiah, and he was satisfied that ANER-[ Ay'-ner, ] answer, strong,
Jesus was "the Lamb of God that            ffZliction.
taketh away the sins of the world," lhe   AtER  was a Canaanitish prince, who
went at once in search of his "own in company with Eschol and Aner,
brother Simon," and gave him the glo- 1helped Abraham in his pursuit ancd
rious news. He took Simon with him  conquest of Chedorlaomer and his
and introduced him, and the two to- allies. Gen. xiv: 13-24. From  the
gether believed on Jesus. They went account given there we learn that lhe
with him to the marriage at Cana, in and his associate princes did not follow
Galilee, and beheld the astounding the examtple of the generous Abrahmam,
miracle that was performed there, of but they took unto themselves a slia-re
turning water into wine. After this of the spoils which had been recovthey returned  home and continued  ered. T'hey took it, however, under
their occupationas fishers, little think- the approbation of Abraham, for he
ing of the honor and trilas before thler  said, "let;hem take their portion."
in life. They were to be called by
Christ as witnesses of his rmiracles, ANNA —[AYna,] gracious, gnevrciyf.l.
sharers in his privations aucd sorrows,   ANNA was a prophetess, of whom
and after his work was finished tecy we have an account inl Luke ii: 8 37, 7
were to be teachers of the living, truths and in that account we learn that she
ehe hbad established -amassamdors for -was a  cidow of eighty-four years of
him in extending his kingdoom.      age. After her husbandl died, with
Only a few months elapsed after the whom1 slhe lhad lived seven years, she
marriage at Cana until they were called devoted herself fully to the service of
together to leave their ships and nets God. She was a constant attendcant
and b-ecome regular attendants of upon the temple morn-ing and evening
Christ. They left. all and followed the service; as the sacrifi3es were offerecd
Master, under the promise, "I will up in the serice she poured out her
make you fishers of men."            soul to God in earnest prayer. She
Andrew was a constant attendant on was familiar with the prophecies rethe Savior, and a witness of his mir- gardimng the coming Scavior, and exeracles attesting the glory of his char- cised fhaith in him as the antitypo of
acter. I-ie received the evidence of bloodysacrifices. On'the meminorablle
Christ's resurrection from  the dead, morning that  ary presented the child
given by Mary Magdalene, his brother Jesus in the temple to offer the cusSimon, Cleopas, and his fellow-trav- tomary sacrifice of all Jewish women
elers, and he saw hlim and hearcl his at the end of the days of her purificavoice when he said, " Peace be unto tion, Anna was there, and when she
you."  He was present at Olivet on saw the venerable Simon with the
the ascension morning, and in coem- child in his arms and beheld his coTnpany with the others received t h e tenanee lighted up with joy, and heard
Savior's blessing.                   him in rapturous strains e x c I a i in,
We are informed by tradition that " Lord now lettest thoue thy servant
Andrew preached the Gospel in Scy- depart in peace, for mine eyes have
thia and the neighboring countries in seen thy salvation," she caught the
the apostolic age. According to an holy excitement of-the occasion and
eminent church historian, Eusebius, gave her testimony. "' She gave thanks
he came to Patria, in Achia, and made likewise unto- the Lord, and spake of
an attempt to convince the Governor him to all tlhem  that looked for reof the truth of the christian religion, demption in Jerusalem.." Inspired of
and lead him  to embrace it. That God she commended  the b-autiful
wicked officer became angry and or- babe as the promised Messiah.
dered that Andrew be punished by     Nothing further is known of this
scourging, and then by crucifixion; woman save that she was the daughter




ANN                 [621              APO
of Phanuel, and of the tribe of ANTOTHIJAH- [An-to-thi'-jah.]
Asher.                                ANTOTi-IIJAH was a Benjamite, and
one of the sons of Jeroham. 1st Chroan
ANNAS-[An'nas,] one that answers, viii: 24.
that afflicts.
ANNAS was the fiather-in-law  of ANUB-[A'nub.]
Caiphas, a Jewish high priest, who   AiVuB was a son of Coz and a dewas himself in the office eleven years. scendant of Judah, through Ashur,
When Christ was apprehended by tlhe father of TeLoe. 1st Chron. iv: 8.
the mob into whose hands Judas betrayed him, they took him to the house APELLES-[A-pei'-lees,] to exclude,
of Annas to be judged, andl sent him    to sepgarate.
bound to Caiphas. He is said by Jo-   APELLES was a christian who is
sephus the Jewish historian, to be saluted by Paul in Rom. xvi.  He is
honored in one particular more than thought by some to have been Bishop
any other man had ever been, viz., in of the Church at Smiyrna.
having five sons to succeed him in the
office of high priest. It is supposed APIHIAH-[A-fi'-abh.I
that lhe was the high priest at the time   Am ItnrA  was one of the forefathers
Christ was apprehended, and that of King Saul. 1st Sam. ix: 1.
Caiphas was serving under him as a
deputy. But be that as it may he was API-SES-[Af'-sez,]
a hater of Christ and a malicious per-   ApIiEs  was one of the priests apsecutor of the apostles, on account of pointed by David, when he divided
their preaching Christ and the doc- them into thirty-four orders or courses.
trines of his Gospel.               Hislot was the eighteenth. 1st Chron.
We have an account in the 4th  xxiv: 15.
chapter of the Acts, of persecutionthat
followed the curing of the lame man APPAI- -[Ap-pa'-im.]
at the gate of the temple called Beau-   ArPPAnM  was the son of Nadab, and
tiful. Annas the high priest, associa- was descended from  Jerallhmcl, the
ted with his son-in-law and witi John founder of an ixportant flamily of' the
and Alexander and others of the priest- tribe of Judah.  1st Chron. ii: 30.
hood line, were the principal movers
in the persecution. John xviii: 13.   APOLLOS-[A-pol'los,] one that destroys and lays wvaste.
ANTIPAS-[An'ti-pas,] against   Apoiuos was noted for his eloalg.                            quence. lie is brought to our view at
There is supposed to have been Ephesus, as a dicciple of John the
a faithful servant of Christ of Baptist. In tlhe 18th chap. of Acts,
this name at Pergamos, a city of 24th verse, he is said to have been "a
Troas. The church of this name was Jew born at Alexandria, an eloquent
one of the seven churches of Asia man and mighty in the Scriptures."
which had become very considerably Hie had been baptized with tihe bapcorrupted  by the Nicolaitans, for tism of John and camle to Ephesus at
which  the church was sharply re- this time to preach the doctrines that
proved by St. John, and charged to John had preached.  He was well
repent.  Rev. ii: 14, 16. Antipas is versed in the Jewish Scriptures, and
supposed to have been bishop of this accustomed to instruct the people in
church, and to have suffered martyr- " the way of the Lord," with all the
do0m there. In Rev. ii: 13, he is said earnestness of his soul and the ferto have been slain there as a martyr. vency and fire of his nature, he
The language of the revelation is such preached. Hle entered into the synaas to leave it without doubt that there agogue and spake boldly.  He acwas such a person as Antipas at Per- knowledged in the presence of Christ's
gamos, and that he sealed his faith disciples, himself also as a disciple of
with his blood.  He was a faithful Christ. He claimed that he who had
witness for Jesus, and it is somlewhat been crucified was the Messiah, for
strange that ecclesiastical history gives whom John, his master, was the foreno further account of him.          runner. But Apollos was ignorant of




APO                 [63]               AQU
the higher doctrines of the Gospel, christian affec-tLon; and when Apoland exhibited that ignorance in his los heard that he was at Ephesus he
teaching —which when Aquila and went there and was with Paul when
Priscilla perceived, "they took him  the 1st Epistle to the Corinthians was
unto them" and taught him the way written, and no doubt endorsed the
of God more fully.  Acts xviii: 26. entire letter, and especially the reWe may judge that Apollos had some bukes that Paul gave them for their
acquaintance with the doctrines of carnality, as he is pleased to cal11 it —
Christ, and his views so far as they developed  in  the  divisions amnong
went regarding the gospel of Christ them. Paul expresses in this Epistle
were correct. Hlie believed that Jesus the great desire that he had for Apolwas that prophet that should come los to return to Corinth; but he could
into the world, and with that impor- not induce the eloquent preacher to
tant truth, all others that John's min- return tlen, though at a convenient
istry taugoht. These two disciples of time he intimated he would go, and
Christ named, who were tent makers, it is likely he did afterwards go to
living at Ephesus — heard Apollos Corinth and became the Bishop of the
preach, and no doubt were benefitted church there.  But it was not until
by his preaching. They saw that he after the Epistle of Paul had been repossessed excellent gifts for public ceived and produced a salutary effect
service, and they encouraged his minm- upon the church.
istry by attendance upon it. But seeing that his knowledge -was defective AQUILA- [Ak/-quil-ah,] acm  eagle.
as to the doctrines of Christianity,   AQUILA was a Jew, born in Pont s,
beyond those taught by John —they in Asia Mlinor.  -Ie, with his wife
took him to their house to lodge, and Priscilla, was early converted to Chrisin the absence of St. Paul and others tianity. By some it is supposed he
competent to teach hlim, they became was converted by Peter's pentecostal
his instructors. They " expounded to sermon.  If so, he bad been about
him the way of God more perfectly." twenty years a proiessor of Christ's
After Apollos had tarried awhile at religion when the young and eloquent
Ephesus and labored, and received the preacher Apollos went to Ephesus to
instructions that these humble and preach. With so many years of' chrisdevoted disciples of Christ gave-he tian experience we may safely judge
desired to go into Achaia, and the that Aquila, with his wife Priscilla,
brethren at Ephesus wrote letters of were oualified to instruct him  "in the
recommendation with which he was way of God."  Acts xviii: 24, 35. By
received in different places, and he others it is supposed that Paul was the
was instrumental in doinhg much good. instrument, in God's hands, in their
He was useful in strengthening new  conversion. In either case they had
converts and proving from the scrip- been for years in the service of Christ
tures, to the Jews, that Jesus of Naz- and were competent, to teach.
areth was the Maessiah.                Aquila, with his wife, lived at ornome,
He was admired as a preacher, and and followed the occupation of making
it is supposed that his fine address and leathern tents for the Roman troops.
pleasing manners tended to produce a Acts xviii: 2, 3. But they were banschism at Corinth, where Paul had ishel with all other Jews from Rome,
planted a church. 1st Cor. iii: 4, etc. by the edict of Claudius, and on
"For while one saith I am of Paul; being obliged to leave Rome they reanother I am of Apollos, are ye not turned to Corinth.  While they were
carnal; who then is Paul and who is residing at Corinth Paul lodged with
Apollos, etc."   From  this we may them and worked with them  at their
learn that there was contention and business of tent making. Paul afterdiscord about their ministers,  einu- wards left the house of Aquila and
lations and strife, quarrels and fae- took up his abode with Justus. The
tions. But this contention and strife reason for this change is not fully
among the membership did not in- known. Some suppose that as Aquila
terfere with the personal friendship of was a converted Jew, and Justus a conthe two ministers. Paul and Apollos vert from Paganism, the Gentiles dewere closely united in the bonds of sired he -should lodge with Justus, he




AQU                 [64]              ARA
being the apostle to the Gentiles, and   There was also another Aram, or
it being preferable for them  to go to Ram, the great-grandson of Judah,
the residence of a converted Gentile and the father of Amuinadab referred
rather than to the house of a Jew to Ito in Ruth iv: 19, and 1st Chron. ii:
hear the apostle preach.            10. The same person is referred to in
But this change of the apostle as to the Genealogy of Christ, as given by
the place of lodging, did not change the St. Luke, while tracing the lineage of
feelings of Aquila towards Paul.  lie 1Mary, his real mother.  Luke iii: 33.
acquiesced in it, and his attachment to
the apostle continued. When Paul ARAN.
left'Corinth to go to Jerusalem, Aquila   ARAN was the son of Dishan, and
and his wife accompanied him as far the grandson of Seir the  lHorite.
as Ephesus, and there they exposed Gen. xxxvi: 28.
their lives to protect him. The apostle
left theml at Ephesus, in all probability, ARAUNAH — [A -raw'nah, ] a r e.,
with a special work to perform in the   song, cur2se.
church, and when they instructed Apol-   ARAUNAH or Ornan the Jebusite,
los they were but performing in part is thought to have been favored by
that work.                          David at the time that he overthrew
Aquila returned to Rome, and his the city of the Jebusites, and that
house was a place for the meeting and their friendship existed for a long
devotion of christians. When Paul time.  I-He is brought to our view in
wrote his epistle to the Romans, he connection with the stopping of the
saluted Priscilla and Aquila as his plague which was the consequence of
"helpers in Christ Jesus." IHe refers David's sin against God in numbering
in that salutation to the fact that they Israel. David was commnanded by the
had endangered their own lives for his Prophet to go up to the threshingsale; that he appreciated their kind- floor of Araunab, the Jebusite, and
ness, as did all the churches of the build an alter there to God, and offer
Gentiles. Rom. xvi: 3.  And Paul  sacrifice. David hastened to the spot
greets the church that is in their house. and sought an interview  with the
Aquila afterwards returned to Asia and owner of the threshing floor, on mt.
lived in or near Ephesus, and was MIoriah, that he might be permlitted to
there when Paul wrote his 2d epistle to follow out the instructions given him
Timothy, for the apostle sends a greet- at once, that the destructive plague
ing to them. iv: 19. What became might be stopped. Arannah and his
of them after this is not known.    sons had seen the destroying angel as
he hovered about the spot, and in
ARAD —[A'rad] a wild ass, aclragon. terror and affright, they had left the
AaAD was a Benjamite, the son of floor and employment there, and hid
Beriah.  He is said to have driven t.hemselves in a cave or hole, for fear
out the inhabitants of Gath.  1st of the cdestroying angel. But perceivChron. vilL: 15.                    ing David, the king of Israel coming,
Araunah came out from his hidl;ng
ARAIH-, 2.                          place, and ran to meet him, fell at his
ARAH was the father of a family feet, and asked him what was his dethat become very extensive.  There sire. David at once gave him to unwere seven hundred and seventy-five derstand the object of his coming,
that returned with Zerubbabel from  viz: to make a purchase of his threshBabylon.  One of his descendants ing-floor, for the erection of an altar,
was the father-in-law of Tobiah, the and the offering of sacrifice unto his
Ammonite. Neh. vii: 10.             God, that the destructive pestilence
n:ight be stopped. I-le may also have
ARAM-[A'ram,] magninficence, one informed Araunah that God had sethat deceives.                  leeted that spot, hallowed by that
There was an Aram, the fifth.son: most intensely interesting scene-the
of Shemn, hence the grandson of Noah. offering up of Isaac by Abraham, his
EI-e was the father of the Aramites, father-as the spot for the temple site.
afterwards called Syri ans. Gern. i The place where the God of Abraham,
X: 22.                              1 Isaac and Jacob was to record his name.




ARA                  [65]               A:RC
The good nan offered no objection, orators, causing  some delay, lduring
but proposed the threshing-floor as a which time the Jews petitioned the
free gift, aznd with it, wood and oxen Emperor to lay aside the Herod flmily
sufficient for the sacrifice.         as rulers of the Jews and constitute
David, however, would not accept them into a Roman Povince, subject to
this, for he did not wish to serve the the governor of Syria. Archelanus then
Lord t the expense of Araunah.  He pleaded against the people. The Rowould not take possession of the floor man Emperor heard the pleadings of
until the price was fixed.  )David gave the people and also of this aspirant for
Araunaih fifty shekels of silver for office, and in a few days aftei'ard s csthe threshing-floor and the oxen. 2d signed to Archelaus a part of his flithSan. xxiv: 24, and he also bought of ers dominion, imade himi  ethnarch o"r
Araunahl the field in which the thresh- governor of a province of the people,,
ing-floor was, for six hLundred shekels with the promise of' the crown if his
of gold. 1st Chron. xxi: 25.          conduct was such in his new office as to
deserve it. IHe had but just received
ARB1H1-[Ar'-bah,] the city of the his authority when li he exercised it rigfour.                             ourously b~y dcroosing Joazas the high
nABARI was the progenitor of the priest, prof'.sing that, this high ftncAnakins, or the sonscf Anak, and the;ir tionary of the church was to blame
chief city was named Kirjath Arbah in greatly in the seditions that had been
honor of him. Josh. xiv: 15; xv: 13;,stirred up against him. Having deand xxi: 11.                          posed him he mnade Eleazer his brother
high priest in his stead.
ARCHMELAUS - [Ar-kle/-ay-us,] tle    When Archelaus had governed about
prince of the people.             seven years with a great deal of violence.
ARnNELAus who reigned in Judea in and tyranny, he was accused by the
the roonm of his father lierod, accord- Jews and Samaritans jointly to the
ing to the last will and testament of Emperor who ordered hinm brought to
Ilerod, was a very cruel man, a monster Rome for trial. HIe was taken there
witIh governmental authority.  It was and the cause heard, the case went
this that imade Joseph and Mary afraid against lim  and he was banished to
to reside iin Judea with the young child Vienna where he continued in exile unJesus.  Matt. ii: 22, 23.  " And when til his death.
le heard that Archelaus did reign in   Archelaus was a crtel and bloody
Judea in the room of his father Herod, man. Almost immediately after he had
he was afraid to go thither.  Notwith- interred his father's remains in royal
standing being warned of God in a pomp and closed up the seven days of
cdream, he turned aside into the parts of mourning, he made a feast and ere the
Galilee. And he came and dwelt in a ceremonies of that feast were forgotten
city called Nazareth. "               he ordered his troops to fall upon a mob
Arehelaus was a son of Herod the who were reproaching his father Herod,
great by MIalthace his fifth wife. Herod and they did, killing three thousand of
had murdered three of his sons Alex- therm on the spot.
ander, Anstobulus and Antipater, and   This unworthiness and cruelty was,
had taken by a last will the claim of the punished in the way we have noticed.
kindgdom from Herod Antipas, while he
constituted Archelaus his successor, on ARCIUIPPUS -  [Ar-kip'-pus,] govcondition that the Roman Emperor was      ernor of horses.
willing to it. As his brother Herod   AuECHIPPus was, we may judge, a
Antipas by a former will of the father preacher of the gospel at Colosse. In
was heir to the kingdom, they both re- Col. iv: 17, the apostle gives him  an
paired to the Emperor and put in their important charge, viz:  "Take heed
claims. Herod on the former will. I-He to the ninistry which thou hast received
insisted on the ratification of that will of the Lord Jesus, and so fulfill it,'"
because it was made when the judg- fromn which we rmay infer that importment of the father was sound while t1e ant interests connected with church had
latter will was made when his under- been comnmunicated unto him. The.
standing was unsound. The two broth- members of that church were required
ers pleaded each his catse through able to stir him up to diligence and ifaful-~
5




ARC                 [66]                ARI
ness in his ministry.  Paul also salutes ARPDAJ —[A-rid'a-i.]
him in his epistle to Philemon, calling   ARIDAT was the ninth son of Hahim a fellow-soldier.                 man. Esther, ix: 9.
ARD.                                  ARI)DATIHA-[A-rid/a-thah.]
ARD was one of the sons of Benja-   Ar, DATI:TA was the sixth son of Hamml, and is numbered with the family man. Esther, ix: 8.
of Jacob when he went down into Egypt.
Genesis, xlvi: 21.                    AR.IEL-[A/ri-el] the altar, light,
lion, of God.
AiDON- [Ar'don.]                        ARIEL was one of the chief men who
ARDON was tllhe son of Caleb, by his directed a car avan under Ezra, whenll
wife Azulah.  1st Chronicles, ii: 18.   he led the priests back from Babylon to
Jerusalem. Ezra, viii: 16.
o  AAH ArahC —[A-ri/-ok,]  Ilong, your
ARAtn,   one of the sons of Jether,    c~idrunkemnu. ess, youtr lion..
the head of the family of the Ashern-   There was a king of this name, who
ites. 1st Chron. vii: 38.             was one of Chedorlaomer's allies.  Gen.
xiv: 1.  "Aioch, king of Ellasar."
ARiELI —[A-re'Ii,] the light or vision
of God.                           ABRTOC, 2.
ArELI was one of the sons of Gad,   There vas also an Arioch captain of
who went down into Egypt with Jacob. the king of Babylon's guard.  He is
and is numbered with his family.  G-en. mentioned in Danliel, ii: 14, as being
xlvi: 16.                             appointed by Nebuclhadnezzer to slay
all the wise men of Babylon, because
ARETAS, - [A-re/tas,] one that is they could not tell the king what the
agreeable or vituraous.           dream was that had gone fromz him and
lie could not recall it. Daniel stopped
There are said to have been many Arioch, and charged the king with
kings of this  anae. There is, how- being hasty in issuing such a decree,
ever, but one mentioned in the scrip- and asked him to delay the execution
ture, and that one is supposed to be the of it. Arioch did delay, and at the re-father-in-law of FHerod Antipas.  He is quest of Danie], introduced him to the
said to have been very much offended king, and he engaged with Nebuchadwith Herod for divorcing his daughter nezzar to tell him the dream and the
to make place for Herodias. IHe seems interpretatioln thereof. Hlad not Arioch
to have had a'thority as a kingu at Da- listened to Daniel, and looked upon him
maseus, when Paul was bsing perse- with favor, and introduced him to the
cuted there, and hle joined in the perse- king, the wise men of Babylon would
cution, and kept the gates shut night all have been slain, and Daniel with his
and day to apprehend him. 2d Cor. three captive companions, would have
xi: 32: "In Damascus the Governor, fallen under the decree, for, according
under Aretas the King, kept the city to verse 13, he, with his three fellows,
of the Damascenes, with a garrison, dle- were sought after to be slain.
sirous to apprehend me: And through
a window, in a basket, was I let down ARISAI —[A-ris'-a-i.]
by the wall."                           ARISAI was the eighth son of Iaman. Esther, ix: 9.
ARGOB —[Ar-gob]     a turf of ecarth,
curse of the o well.              ARISTARCHUS - [A-ris-tar'-kus,]
the best prince.
ARGOB, it is supposed, was a Gilead-   ARnITArCIdUS was a Macedonian,
ite officer, who was governor of the city and a native of Thessalonica.  The
of Argob. H-Je is thought to have been apostle Paul calls him, in his epistle
an accomplice of Pekah in the murder to the Colossians, his fellow prisoner.
of Pokahiah, and Pekah being afraid I-He was a zealous Christian, and at,of him, slew him also with the King. tended the apostle to Ephesus. He
2d Kings, xv: 25.                     was present in the tumult that was




APT                 [ 67]              ASA
raised there by Demetrius, the silver- AROD-[A'-rod.]
smith, who made silver shrines for the   AROD was a son of Gad. Numbers,
temple of Diana.  I-ie shared with  xxvi: 17; but he is called Arodi in
Paul in all the dangers and labors of Gen. xlvi: 16.
the ministry there, and dwelt with
him the two years he spent at Ephe- AR PHAXAD-[-Ar-fax'ad,] one that
sns. in the mob that was raised by      heals or re leases.
the silversmith, he, with Gnaius, was   ARVP1AXAD was a son of Shem,
caught and borne into the theatre and born, we are informed by the sacred
exposed to the gaze and insultings of historian, two years after the flood.
the crowd. Acts, xix: 29.           Gen. xi: 10. Why the precise date of
Hle attended Paul, we are informed, his birth, counting from the flood, is
on his return to Greece; and when the given, we cannot tell, unless it be
Jews laid wait for him there, he de- that he was in the line of the promised
terminecd to go into Asia.  Aristar- seed of the woman, from Adam  to
chus, with several others, attended 3Mary, the daughter of Heli, the
him..  Acts, xx: 4.  Ie afterwards mother of our Lord. His name ocwent with the a.postle to Rome. Acts, curs in the genealogy as given by St,
xxvii: 2; and, it is supposed that he Luke iii: 36.
died there as a martyr-wvas beheaded   Arphaxad was the grandson of
aong with the paeoste. Col. iv: 10.   Noah, and- lived four hundred ancl
thirty years.
A ] I S T 0 B U    U S-Ar-is-tob-u- thrty years.
lus,] a good counselor.         ARTAXERXES- [ Ar-tax-erx'es, ]
The silence of light.
ARISTOBULUS is one of the disci-   ARTAXERXES IS the Smerdis -who
ples saluted by the apostle in closing with Calbyses, hindered the rebuildhis epistle to the omans.           ig of the teple. There  ere none
FroDm tihe fact that his household is that ruled in Persia, but these two,
mentioned, we suppose him to have from tChe time that Cyrus gave the
been the head of a family, and that edict to the Jews to return and reother members of the family were dis- build their city, until Darius renewed
ciples.                             it. The account of their opposition is
It is supposed, by some, that Aris- given in Ezra iv.
tobulus was a brother of 3arnabas,.and one of the seventy that were sent ARTEMAS- [Ar'te-mas,] w h o I e,
~out to preach; and it is supposed that    souncd.
he preached with a good degree of   ARTEMBA  seems to have been a
success in Britton. But facts, regard- noted preacher of the gospel, and Paul
ing the history of this personage, we intended to send him or Tychicus to
are without. HIe may have been away Crete, to supply the place of Titus,
fromn hom, oon a tour of preaching, at while that person come to him  to
the tine the apostle wrote the epistle Nicapolis on a visit. Titus iii: 12.
which accounts for the phraseology "When I shall send Artemas unto
of the salute.                      thee or Tychicus, be diligent to come
unto me to Nicapolis, for I have deARMiONi-[Ar-mol-ni.]                termined there to winter."
A RmoNI was the son of Saul by
iizpah, who was slain to appease the ARZA-[Alr-za.]
wrath of the Gibeonites. 2d Samuel,   ARZA was steward to Elah, the king
xxi: 8.                             of Israel, who was assassinated at a
banquet, in his house, by Zimri. 1st
ARNA —[A/-na..                    Kings, xvi: 9.
ARNA was one of the forefathers of 
Ezra.                               ASA-[A'sah,] p)hysician, cure.
AsA was a king of Judah, the son
AINAN-[Ar-nan'.]                    and successor on the throne of Abijah.
ARNAN was one of the forefathers -te was educated we learn by,Iaacah
of Zerubbabel, and is mentioned in a noted idolater, but yet he himsel-f
his genealogy. 1st Chron. iii: 21.  was a good man, and a worshiper of




ASA                 [681               ASA
the true God.  As soon as his long with.trumpets, and with cornets. And
reign commenced his opposition to all Judah rejoiced at the: oatlh, for
idolatry  appears —which opposition they had sworn with all their heart."
continued until in a great measure the   But Asa had war for we are inkingdom  was purged.  One of the formed that Zerah, a king of the
first things he did was to clear Jeru- Ethiopians came up against him with
salem of idols, and the effects of idola- an army of a million, besides three
try. HIe even deprived h i s o w n hundred chariots, but he trusting in
mother Maacah of her office and dig- God went out to meet in. this. war this
nity as queen, because she had made an numerous host.  He was undaunted
idol in a grove, and he destroyed her by their number or their warlike apidol and burnt it by the brook Kidron. pearance. He set the battle. in arrayThe first ten years of his reign he in the valley of Zephathah, and then
seems to have had no war, but applied like a true, sensible and pious warrior
himself constantly to reform  in his he implored with earnestness the dikingdom.  There was one thing in vine help.  The Lord answered his
which, in his works of reform he prob- prayer, and soon the forces of the
ably erred, that was in his not des- enemy were struck with terror and.
troying some. of the high places.. I-le began to fly, the victorious army purseemed to think it good policy to tole- sued them unto Gerar and destroyed
rate some of them, while he aimed one very many of them. Having' made the
blow after another at -the grosser, and victory complete Asa returned with
for this sparing he is reproached. It his army to Jerusalem with very much
is estimated that his judgment was spoil. 2d Chron. xiv: 9.
in error in this; but "his heart was   After this one of the prophets of
perfect."  He took the vessels of gold the Lord met Asa, and gave him a
and silver which his father Abijah warnm exhortation in which he comhad vowed to consecrate to God and mended him for his fidelity and trust
deposited them in the house of the in God, and encotiraged him to go on
Lord for use.  He fortified various in his work of reformation in IsraAl.
cities, repaired others and encouraged IHe gathered new courage fronmt his suehis people, nay more, he commvanded cess, and the favor of God enjoyed by
them to cease their idolatry and be- him and his kingdom. After this Asa
come true worshippers of the true had war with Baasha the king of
God.  The people acquiesced in the Israel, as recorded in Chron. 16th.
kings judgment and with him entered chapter. It seems that Baasha came
into a solemln "covenant to seek the up  against Judah, or set himself
Lord God of their fathers, with all against Asa by fortifying a certain
their heart, and with all their soul," town on or near the line of t he
and they agreed that whosoever did two kingdoms and then preventing the.
not seek  the Lord God of Israel Israelites who desired,  and whose
should be put to death, whether man, I duty it was to go to the temple of the
woman or child, if the child had at- Lord at Jerusalem.  This was an inatained an age of accountability and position upon the kingdom of Judah,
could understand the two parts of the and a provocation for war.  Asa at.
covenant. The first part of the cove-'once procured the services of Benhanant was, we will seek God with all dad the king of Syria to assist him in
our heart and soul; and the second punishing thins insult anlid delivering
part was whoever of us does not wor- his people from this enemy at Ramah.
ship alone the true God shall be put It is hardly supposable that Assa could
to death. By this we must certainly have asked this help, if he had not
understand that king Asa and his sub- indulged in a degree of distrust of
jects determined that idlolatry should God. After the Lord had given him
not be tolerated at all-it should be such a great victory over an army as
entirely rooted out of the kingdom.. we have seen, of more than a million
But they did not stop even here, for fighting men fronm Ethiopia, he ought
they confirmed thle covenant with an to have trusted  in God and gone
oath of sanctity. 2d Chron. xv: 14. against Baasha himself.  In conse" And they sware unto the Lord with quence of this distrust of God on the.
a loud voice, and with shouting, and part of Asa, a prophet named. Hanani




ASA                [69]               ASA'was sent to him to reprove him. The manded the soldiery of Ishbosheth,
plrophet stood before the king and the son of Saul. Asahel and his two
boldly declared to him his fault in pro- brothers commanded the soldiery off
tcuring help of the Syrians. -Strahge IDavid. Abner was beaten and fled,
as it may seeim Asa was wroth with and Asahel ran after him. His object
God's  messenger.  Instead of ac- in all probability -was to overtake Abknowledging his fa. dt, 1and humnbling ner and kill himn, and take possession
himself before God —deprecating the of his armor, and, as a trophy, show
divine displeasure and treating God's it in the camp of David. Abner bemessenger with deference due to him, sought him to stay in his pursuit of
he laid  his hands upon the prophet, him, but he would not. He bade him
and.put him in prison, for " he was in lay hold of one.of the young menl and
a rage with him because of this thing." take his arior; but no, Asihel deHle added to the sin of treating the sired to kill the commander and disservant of God th-us —the sin of op- play his armor to Joab and Abishai.
pressing some of the people —proba- Abner assured him  that he would
bly putting them to death, or load- thrust him through with his sword, if
ing them with irons in prison. How  he did not stay his pursuit of him.
true it is that the commission of one He obstinately pursued until Abner
sin prepares the heart for.the com- turned him  round an d thrust him
mission of another sometimes even throu gh with his spear. He knew he
worse than the:former.  God could must kill Atsahel or be killed by him.
not lightly lool at Asa's -conduct in   Joab afterward resented the murder
this matter.  1-Je stood before him  by treacherously killing Abner when
concldemned. After this Asa was dis- he was about to transfer the interests
eased in his feet, by some it is sup- of the house of Saul to David and
Iposed he had a distressing fit of the have him  acknowledged the king of
goult, that was exceedingly severe and all Israel. 2d Sam. iii: 26, 27.
protracted until the day of his death.   Asahel was taken up and buried in
le is reproached again by the spirit the sepulcher of his father at Bethof inspiration, tlhat duiring his pr:o- lehem.
tracted lameness he  f o rg o t t h e
Lord, he did not apply to him for help ASAIAH, 1-[As-a-i'-ah,] the Lord
but depended entirely on the skill of   hath wrought.
the physicians he applied to,.  The   ASAIAII,was one of the. servants of
affliction in all probabilitywas sent on King J o sia h. who was sent with
ihim directly for his special good, he others to consult the prophetess, Hulshould have recognized the hand of dah, concerning the book of the law
the Lord in it.                     which had been found by Hilkiah in
And Asa died, and probably his the temple. 2d Chron. xxxiv: 20.
Uody was buried with the great quantity of spices and perfumes that had ASAIAH, 2-[As-a-i/ah,] the Lord
been provided, after which the bones    hath wrought.
were taken up and buried in the   ASAIAH was a servant of King Jo-;sepulcher which he had prepared for siah, and sent by him, together with
himnself in the city of Dlavid.  Ist several others, to seek information of
Kings xv.: 2d Chron. xv: 16.        Jehovah respecting the book of the
law found by lIilkialh in the temple.
ASAHIEL —[As/-ael,] the worlk or 2d Kings, xxii: 12, &c.
creatcoie of Go(d.
ASAnEL was one of the sons of ASAPH-[A'saf,] o.ne that assembles
Zieruiah, and a brother of Joab., King  together.
iDavid's chief general.  Asahel was   ASAPI twas a celebrated musician,one of Dawid's thirty heroes; and he in the tiime.of David. He was the
is introduced in 2d Samiuel, ii: 18, as. son of Berechiah, and of the tribe of
being remarkably swift on foot. "He Levi. His namle is attached to several
was as light of foot as a wild roe." At of the Psalims, but it is probable tihat
the battle of Gibeon, which was a bat- he was not the author or composer of
tie between the house of Saul and the Psalms, but the composer of the.David, Abner,.the son of  er, com- music, and the chief singer of the




ASA                 [701]              ASl
Psalms bearing his name. We sup- Potipherah and wife of the illustrious
pose him to have been a master musi- Joseph.  She was in all probability an,
cian, and he was set apart solemnly, aamiable woman, and her father an
with several others, for this special officer in Pharoah's government. She
service of the sanctuary. 1st Chron. became the mother of Joseph's two,
xv: 19: "So. the singers, EH e mn a n, sons Ephrainm and lianasseh, who were
Asaph and Ethan, were appointed to the heads of the eleventh tribe of
sound withl cymbals of brass."       Israel. Gen. xl: 45.
The falily of Asaph gained more
celebrity as choristers of David than  ASHBEL —[Ash/bel.]
any others, and they are mentioned   As-hsrEL was one of the sons of Berwithl very peculiar marks of promi- jamin, and is reckoned with the grandnence later than the days of David. children of Jacob in Gen. xlvi: 21..In the days of Jehoshaphat, Jeiel, a Il e was one of the sixty-six that are
Levite of the sons of Asaph, is men- said to have come out of the loins of
tioned as prominent in worship, and Jacob, that came down into Egypt to.
one upon whom the spirit of the Lord sojourn, and he was the head of the
came in the midst of the congregation. faPmily in that tribe called the Ashbel2d Chron. xx: 14.                    ites. Num. xxvi: 38.
Agai-jn, in the. days of King Hezekiah,.the Levites of that farmily are ASHEIEI-[Ash'erj] blessedness.
engaged in singing, praises unto the   AsnIER, one of the sons of the paLord in the use of the words of David triarch   aecob, by Zilpah the handand Asaph the seer. And after tle maid of Leah.. He was head of one,
Babylonian captivity t1ere were one of the powerful tribes of the H ehundred and forty-eight of the sin gers b rew s. A very numerous progeny'
o-f the family of Asaph returned and sprung from his sons Jimna, Jessui,
were   enlerated as s inoers, w hilee and Beriah.  There were were fity-three,
those belonging to other Ganmilies are thousand and four hundred that were
hardly spoken of. Neh. vii:.4.      twenty years old and upwards, and
When the nation was reorgoanized, hence able to go out to war, when the.
and especially in numbering the tribe sum of Israel was taken in the plains
of Levi, where those belonged who of Moab.  Numbi. xxvi: 47.
were vested with sacred functions,   The second year after they went out
Mi[attaniah, a descendant of A s a p h, of Egypt, commanded by Pagiel, the
was placed over the singers and super- son of Ocran, they were nunlbered in
intended that interesting part of their the wilderness of $inai, and they Rnumdevotions. The strong probability is bered forty-one thousand  and five:
that Asaph's falmily had cultivated a hundred. Numb. i: 1-40.
taste for saered Lusic, and had entered   When M oses sent one. from each
into the spirit of sacred song more tribe as spies to. see the land of Cathan any other family of the Levites.   naan, Sether, the son of Michael, of
the tribe of Asher, was sent. After
ASAREEL —[As-a-relejl]               they entered the land of Canaan and
ASARiEEL was a son of Jehalaleel, it was divided by lot among them, the,
whose name appears in the, genealogy lot of this tribe of the Hebrews fell
of Judah. 1st Chron. iv: 16.         in the north-west of Canaan, where
the soil was very fertile, and the counASARELAH-[As-a-re'lah.]             try was rich with mines. The cities
ASARELAI was one of the sons of that were apporli.ioned to them numAsaph, and when the lots were cast, bered twenty-two, in a wealthy part
and the singers were divided into of the country.
twenty-four courses, the seventh lot   The blessing of Moses, just before
came to him. HIe is also called Jesh- he yield ed up his life and mission,
arelah. 1st Chron. xxv: 2 and 14.   seemed to be realized in the lot they
enjoyed. Deut. xxxiii: 24, "And of
ASENATH-[As'-e-nath,] peril,. mis- Asher he said: Let Asher be blessed
fortune.                         with children, let him be acceptable to,
We know but little of this woman his bretl'en; an  let him dip his.: foot
sare that sle was tGre daughter of in oil.,"




ASI                 [71]                ASS
This tribe was one of the six who gave his name, it is supposed, to Aswere present, and echoed ainen to the syria. Ashur frst dwelt in tlhe land
curses thatwere pronounced from Mt. of Shinar, as we learn froml  Gen. x:
Elab, as we find in the song of Debo- 11. When Nimrod the mighty hunter
rah and Barak.                        entered the land as a usurper, he was
They assisted Gideon, the conqueror probably compelled to leave, and with
of the MBidianites, and we are informed his posterity, took a position higher
thcat when D)avid was to be crowned up in the country toward the source
king of Israel, forty thousand of their of the river Tigris.  It is supposed
expert warriors were present and from  the above text, that he built
joined in the coronation ceremonies. the cities of Nineveh and Rehoboth,
1st Chron. xii: 36. They were loyal also the cities Calah and IResin. Asto  )avid, and afterward to Solomon, syria, it is true, is called the land of
for Baanah, the son of Hushai, was Ni mrod in  icaieAh v: 6, and it is gentheir deputy governor under that king, erally  supposed that Ninevab, the
2nd in the time of Hezekiah, when he capitol of Assyri'a, was nLamed in honor
was engaged in a reformation in his of Ninus, the son of Nimrod, or of
kinigdomi, several of the tribe oi Asher  Nimroiod  imself.
wit1 ot'hers, are represented as hum-   BEut L 4imrod may have driven Ashuar
buing t;ueplrciqves, and rallying round and his posterity out of that country,
the king. 2d Chron. xxx: 11.          as he had out of the land of Shinar.
ASHKEN T/kZ —[Ash'ke-naz,] tfhe ire AHURIf — [A-shu/rim.]
t/lb, cd4di..riis or sp8reac(s     ASHrtMP  -was the son of Dedan,
AsRENNA  Wvas ona    e of the sons of aincd the grandson of AbXbraham, by
Gomcer and a grandson of Japheth. Keturcah.  Gen. rxv: 3.
VTe know b-t little about him. It is
supposed his descendants bkecame ASHIATH' 1[- -          h'vathi]   kaling
qu'ite numerous, amnd peopled the norlth   vestzsenqs.
and no-th-wes'ten portion of Asia   ASvA'TH was one of the sons of
Minor, acnswlerilng   in later t ties to Jahlalet, of the tribe of Asher. 1st
Bethbyma, one of the portions of coun- Ch~i'O-n. V;i: 33.
try to which the epistle of St. Peter
went, as a let'ter full of christian sym- ASI EL — [ J/iel,] the wtor  of God.
pathy to the scattered  disciples of   AsmIL W ts a Sineonite, whose deChrist called "'strangers.-'  Gen. x: seenda? t, Jehn, lived in the reign of
3; 1st iiron. i: H.                     ezekiah. 1st Chron. iv: 35.
ASUPE1 NA-E   - A     -I,,h/'e-n.] p  ASNAt- -As'na.]
ASHPIENAZ was the governor of Ne-   The descendants of this person were
buchladnezzar's eunuchs.  We learn among the Netlinims who returned
from the book of Daniel i: 7, that he with Zeimbbabel.  Ez. ii: 50.
changed the names of Daniel and his
companions.  "Unto whom the prince ASNAPPER-[Aso-ap/per,] mUCTaplpiof the eunuchs gave names, fir he          nzess, fusttdess.
gave unto Daniel the namu e of Belte-   AsNA2PiPEHP was probably a King of
shazzar, and to Hananiah of Shad- Assyri;a of whom  we are infortmed in
rach, and to Mishael of Beshech, Ezra iv: 10, that he sent theim  under
and to Azariah of Abednego.  These his commnaand into the country of Israel,
nalaes imported relations to the Chal- the home of the ten tribes.  1-Ie is snp.dean idols.  The office he filled must posed by soenle to be the same as Shalhave been an immportant one, from the inanezer or Eser i-addon. Of this peraccount given of the duties of it, and son we may say there is bu-t little known,
fronm the responsibility assumed here, he may have been the millitary officer
of changing the names of the young who was appointed to escort this people
captives, to namnes of such importance. after the captivity release to Judea.
ASHUR —[Ash'ur,    ] one that is hacppy,  ASSIR,  1 —[ls'sir,1 prZsoner, fettered.
AsI-uuR was the son of Shem, dnd   Assm1  was the son of Jeconiah a
hence the grandson of Noah.  He King of Judah, and he is referred to in




ASN                [72]               ATH:
1st Chron. iii: 17. It was said of her husband, and also upon Ahaziah,
Jeconiah the father of Assir, that he her son. She led them  to follow the
should be childless, by this we under- idolatrous course of Ahab, her father.
stand that his sons should not follow We learn from 2d Kings viii. that Jehim on the throne. The prophetJere- horam the husband, and Ahaziah the
miah interprets it thus in xxii: 30. son, both walked in the idolatrous way
5" For no man of his seed shall prosper of the house of Ahab; and it is more
sitting upon the throne of David and than intinmated that the influence of
ruling anymore in Judab.            this wicked woman led both the father
and the son. Indeed it is said of
ASSIR, 2 —Prisoner, fettered.       Ahaziab, 2d Chron. xxii: 4, "TWhereAssIa with Elkanah and Abiasaph upon he did evil in the sight of the
was a son of Korah who was the Lord like the house of Ahab, for they
son of Izhar, of the tribe of Levi. were his counsellors after the death of
These sons of Korah with their de- his father, to his destruction."
scendants were called Korhites. We   When Athaliah was informed that
have an account of their father being Jehu had slain her son and imany others
associated with Dathan and Abiram in of the royal line in Judah, she at once
speaking against Moses and Aaron, and at ssumed the government; and though
the earth opened her mouth and swal- we mi'ght haive supposed she would
lowed them uLp with the women and have wept and bewailed greatly the dechildren of Dathan and Abiram, but for struction of her son, the King, and the
somue cause the children of Korah died seventy of the seed royal, many of
not, they were not destroyed with the whom  we conclude were her grand
others.  Ex. vi: 24; Num. xxvi: 11. children, yet on the contrary, with an
amnbition fbr the throne and the authorATAD-[A'tad,] a thorn,.             ity of tlhe kingdom, she proclaimed
ATAD we suppose was a noted Ca- herself at the head of the Governnaanite, and had a threshing floor at rment, and exercised the cruelty of her
Abel 3iuzraim. His threshing floor is wicked heart by hunting up and putmentioned in Gen. 1: 11. To this floor ting to deat.h all the remainder of the
of Atad, they brought the embalhned royal famlly she could find, her object
body of Jacob, and tarried awhile as being to secure without fail the governthey made a great mourning. The ment to herself. There was but one of
Egyptians joined Joseph and his breth- all her grand children that escaped her
ren in the mlourlnng seven days, and Itf- cruelty, and that was the infant Joash
ter the funeral procession passed on who was carried off by his aunt and hid
thlley naed the threshing floor of Atad for six years in some apartment of the
Abel Mizraim, "the mourning of the temple. 2d Chron. xxii: 12. During
Egyptians.'                         the six yearsthat Joash was hid, Athaliah governed the Jews in that kingATA/OTH —[At'a-roth,] c r o w n, s, dom, in which time she promoted the
counsel of ncakisg full.        vilest idolatry.
ATARtoT  was the wiie of Jerahmeel   It was during the seventh year of hey
and the mother of Oniam. 1st Chron. reign that Jehoiada, the high priest,
ii: 26.                             brought the young prince from  lis
hiding place and showed him in a pubATHAIA  -[Ath-a-Vah.]               lie assembly, and at once made known
ATHAIAH was a descendant of Pharez to the people his desire to have Joash
the son of Judah, who dwelt at Jerusa- made king, and the worship of the
lem  after the return from  Babylon. true God to take the place of the vile
Neh. xi: 4.                         idolatry patronized and supported by
Athaliah.  1-Fe engaged the leading
ATI-ILALI: — [ Ath-a-li-ah,] the- time men of the Kingdom in the enterprise,
of the Lord.                    and then caused the people to take a
ATISALIAHT, the wife of Jehoram, solemn oath of fidelity to the cause of
king of Judah, was the daughter of Joasl, the young king. He engaged,
Ahab and grand-daughter of Omri. by a solemn covenant, both Joash and
She was a very wicked woman, and ex- the people to serve the Lord. He
ercised a very baneful influence upon armed the Levites and other friends of




ATIH                [73]               A TIH
the enterprise and reform, appointed sonably imposed, and hence, w h a t
one part of them faithfully to guard the would be the revenue of his empire.
royal person, another parb to secure the   l-e Imade, it is said, three such engates of the sacred courts. Then he rollments, one of which was the  ccabrought forth Joash, put the crown sion of the Virgin Mary and Joseph
upon his head, annointed him with oil being at Bethlehem at the time Chtist
and declared him king. The trumnpets  was born. Luke, ii: 1-6, "then went
were sounded and the vast company of out a decree from Coesar Augustus that
people present proclaimed the child all the world should be taxed, &c.'
Joash their king.
Athaliah heard the noise and became AZALIAH -[Az-a-li.abh.]
alarm-ed, and in her firight she ran to   AZALIAJI was the father of Shaphan
the temple to see the cause of the the scribe in the reign of Josiah. 2d
tumult and Ehouting. To her horror Kings xxii: 3. 2d Chron. xxxiv: 8.
she saw the young king on his throne.
"Then Athaliah rent her clothes and AZANIATH-[Az'a-ni-ah.]
cried treason, treason!"              AZANIAIHI was the father of Jeshua
She discovered then for the first the the Levite, in the time of Nehemiah.
conspiracy against her. She pressed in Neh. x: 9.
among the guards of the teminpe with
her cry of trcason. Jehoiada the priest AZARAEL-[Azz'a-ra'el.]
gcave ordcers that she be carried  out of   AZArPAL was a Levite musician.
the courts of the temple ar nd be slain, Neh. xii: 3W.
and if any one dared to take her part,
lhe ordered that he be instantly sainl. AZAREEL, 1-[Az-a-re'el.]
Thus died this gross idolater and cruel   AZA.EEL was a Korhite, who joined
woman of the house of Ahab.          David in his ret-reat at Ziklag. 1st
Chron. xii: 6.
ATHILAI- [Ahth'la.]
AZAREEL, 2.
ATIRiImI was one of the sons of Bebai   AZAREEL was a Levite imsieian of
who put away his foreign wife at tihe the family of Heman, in tke time of
exhortation of Ezra. Ez. x: 28.      David. 1st Chron. xxv: 18.
ATTAI-[A'ta.]                        AZAREEL, 3.
ATTAI was one of the sons of PReho-   AZArEEEL was the son of Jerohain,
boanl, born of Maaalchah the daughter and prince of the tribe of ]Dan when
of Absalom. 2d Chron. xi: 20.        David numbered the people. 1st CkI
xxvii: 22.
AUGUSTUS- [Au-gus'tus,] increased
mac2jestic.                       AZAREEL, 4.
The Augustus Cesar spoken of in   AZAR:EEL was one of the sons of
the New Testament, was the second Bani, who put away his foreign wife at
emperor of Romle, or the successor of the request of Ezra. Ez. x: 41.
Julius CJmsar. History informs us that
he was a partner with Mark Antony for AZAREEL, 5.
awhile, but afterwards fought with him    AZAREEL was the father of a priest
and defeated him in the battle of Ac- who dwelt at Jerusalem after the retium, and assumed sovereignty, or en- turn from Babylon. Neh. xi: 13.
tire control.
As soon as he had established peace AZARIAHI 1,-[Az-a-ri'ah,] assistand order in his vast empire, he ordered  ancce, he that hears the Lord.
an enrollment of his subjects and a   Sometimes Ahaziah or Jehoaz is
record of the value of their property, called Azariah. He who was the grandthe object of which was to ascertain son of Jehoshaphat and the son of Jewhat was the strength of his empire as horam  and Athaliah.  He succeeded
to population, or, more particularly, his father in the twenty second year of
what was his strength as to his subjects his age, and was destroyed by Jehu,
that were fit for war. But he also the son of Nimshi, who was commiswished to know what tax might be rea- sioned of God to destroy the house of




AZA                   [74]                AZA
Ahab so groasdy idolatrous.  [See Aha- that the high placec, xve a not rcimoved,
ziah.j                                  and the people sacrificed and burnt incense still on the high   places."  2c
AZ__RiAHAI  2, oP UZZIAH.               Kings, xv: 4. And we are a        mediAUZARIIH, or UZZEI-A, the son of ately inforined that Uzziah took it upon
/A'1_aziah,   was a king of Judah.  It-1   hilmself to oifer incense ii the tempIle,
beoan  his reign Fwhen sixteen years of which -work belonged entirliy to the
ago and ieigned until he was sixty-seven. priests.  God  was angry and smote the
-tle was a good king and did that king so that he xTas a leper until the
which was riglht in the sight of the daLy of his death.  His disease selaLoird; w   re   informIned that hle sought rated him from the people.  He died
Gor in the days of Zechariah.  This in "a several house."
Zechalliah, whoever he was, from  his   The reason why God visited Uzziah
cleuracter, as given, vas a good mian, with this plague, is well told in 2d
wise aLnd true in the interpretation of Chronicles, xxvi: 16.  "But when le
prophecies.  It is llmoe than intimated was stronl g'his bheart was lifted up to lis
that he was quite coampetent to be the destruction, for lie transgressed again'st
in',r4uetoi" of the young king.         the Lord his God, iand went into the
The Lord helped Azariah in his wars  temnipl of the Locd to burn incen::'o upon
withl trhe Philistines and Arabians who the alfar of incene. se    The priests ifbidwelt in  Gur-baal, and othes with lowed hima-and besougwht hirn to desist,
wholntahe  on'ht.  The Almoni'tespaid but lhe would not.  He became aingsry
an annual tribute unto him and his gto- aSt theum  because of their wxvwarIing.and
eminent.  H-e Thad tovwestbuilt andtlo-  tiproot andc persistcd in holdincg the
tilced in the city Of Jesrul1inm for tile censer tanfd burnieff  the incense, and
protection of the city and it; int erests. while in thi rery act of transgression,
H-1e had towers built in ihe dcesert, protb- 1 a)shetoocl beside tle alatarL, God m.arked
ably for the lefense of the flocks, the him  with  leprosy in  the forehead.
shepherds and husbaundl en, for it is XWhenr the p-riests observed the leprosy,
said of him, 2d Chronicles, xxvi: 10 they tcok hold of lhin and th:'u:t hhi'm
"for he had much cattle, both in the forcibly fiom the temple.  And he himlow country a3C in the plains, hl sband- s elf fielt. as e1 realized the divine an.er
men also, and  vine-dressers in t h e in ix, anxiouns to get out of the sacred
mountains and in Carmiel; for he loved pnace.
husbandry."  How sigxificant that last   tie was compelled because of this
pnart of the quotation.  Every country afflietion, to shut himself up and have,
depends upon its husbandry, and there the affairs of his government adminisnust be attention to agricultural inter- toeed by another.  And when he died
ests if there is national )rosperity. The lie was not buried in the royal sepulruler and his suljects alike are supplied cher, as was the uVsual custom  when
with the products of the field. To love kings died, but was buried in the ficld
husbandry is honorable in a king, and, at some distance, because he was a leper.
moreover, it is a mark of good sense.     What a striking insta-nce in the hisAzariah had a host of warriors and tory of this king have  we of the sa.nehe manufactured implements of war- tity of the sacred office, and the wicked
fare, such as shields and spears, and en- presumption of one not called of God
gines to shoot arrows and great stones. to enter the office and  perform  the
This is the first instance on record of woIrk
any warlike engines for the attack of
cities, or for the defense of beseiged AZARIAH, 3-[Az-a-li/ah,] assistcities or places, stuch elgines have been   aCnce, hie tha.t hiecars the Loirn.
used later but this is the first manufac-   AZAxRIAI was the son of Oded, the
ture and use of them  fmentioned. The prophet, who prophesied in the tine
Sews were the inventors of such engines, of A sa, and gave one of the most,stirand the invention dates in the reign of ring exhortations to that king regardUzziah. No wonder this king's name ing the low  state of religion in his
spread abroad and struck terror into his kingdom.  -THe assured Asa that, hapenemies.                                piness for his people was only to be
But Azariah was not without faults. expected in serving God faithfully;
eI-I transgressed against the Lord, " In  and he encouraged the king to proceed




AZA                 [75]                AZR
in his work of reforming th e kingdom. twenty-two of his brethren, in cornAsa obeyed his adlmonition, and cor- pany with and under tec charge of
eleted the re'orimation whicha he had Zerubbabe!. Ez. ii: 12.
egun. I-is kingdom is very greatly.
strengthened and blessed, tand all the AZGAD, 2.
people "entered into a soilemn cove-   AZGAD is referred to in Ezra viii:
nant with the Lord." 2d Chron. xv.  12, as the father of Johlanan and flakOf this prophet we know nothing katan.
at al, save what is related of him
here. 1Iis langUagRe to Asa is very AZ]ZAI[ —H A-zi —zah.   ]
striking' "TVle Lord is with you   AziZAWT was a ma1  of the family of
while you be withi himu; anc if ye,seek of Zattu, who had minarriled a  oreign
him he vil1 be founvd of you; bat if" wife after the return f1oi o  Babylon.
jye iorsie hoi sak e hwil foirsake you.
Second verse.  And it lhad a good ee - 1AZT AVETH,   1-[A z ma-veth.   ]
feet upon him, o, as recorded in the   AZMAVETI  was on of DPavid's va!8tL-h ve:~1eS  "Ywhen Asa hea-rd thlese Iiant men, numbered anmong te thirtywordc fs of the prophe'cy of Oded, the seven. 2d Sam. xxiii: 31.
p-ophBet, I1 t o o k courage and put
away the aTbo-he nable idols out of the AZI3ffAVETH, 2.
land o 3 Juulah aend Benjamlin, and out   i Az AtAVETi was a son of Jehoadah,
of the cities3 whiich  he had taken from   of thle tribe of Benjamin. 1st COhron,
bt. Epnlraim, alnd renewed the altar viii: 3.
of tho Lord."
There isa s triks1 og act in tiLe refuorm  AZ]AV ETH,  3.
of- t llis kiing, as a consequenee  of this   ApZIAVETI-I was the son of Adiel,
pryophetl s teaching: viz: the removing anrd hie was over the treasuries of King
o0 tie queen mlother, liiaachah, from  3David. 1st ihron. xxvii: 25.
her pos&iton as queen, because she
made an idol in a grove.              AZOR —[A'zor.]
Azaiil,    S ii   prophet, many have   Azon was the son ofEliakim, and the
been raised -rp -pecially for this time father of Sadoc.: His name occurs in
and the  axeomuplishmeLnt of this irn- tle geneology.of Christ. Mtath. i: 13.
portant swork.
pAZRIEL1 -[ALz'-ri-eI]
AZAZIA[1[,  1-[Az-a-zi/ahj              AzrIEL was a 1man of considerable
AzAzAHiI was a Levite, who is re- renown, being the head of a house of
ferred to in'd Chron. xxxi: 13, as the half-tribe of Aanasqeh,   beyond
be'ng exceedingly zealous for the law  Jordan. ist Chron. v' 24.
of the Lord, engaged with others in
King Hezekiah s reform.              AZRIEL, 2.
AZRIEL was a Naphtalite' and an
AZAZIAH[-    2.                       ancestor of Jerimoth, the head of the
AzAzIAis:  r efberred to in 1st Chron. tribe in the time of David's census.
xxvii: 20, as the'ither of HIoshca, of 1st. Chron. xxvii:19.
the tribe of Ephrairn.
AZRIKAM, 1  [Az-ri'-kam.]
AZ;BUK —[Az'-buklj]                     AzRIKABI was a descendant of ZeAzBuz  was the fEather of the Nehe- rubbabel, and son of Neariah.  1st
miah who was the prince of part of Chron. iii: 23.
Bethzur. Neh. iii: 16.
AZRIKAAM, 2.
AZEL —[A-zel'.]                         Az MRKA   was the eldest son of
AzEL was a descendant of Saul. 1st Azel, and a descenlant of Saul. ist
Chron. viii: 3.'7.                    Chron. viii: 38.
AZGiAD, 1 —[Az-gad,] ca strong arnzy, IAZRIKAM, 3.
ca gcnzg of robbers.                AZRIKAMi was a Levite ancestor of
AzGAD was one who returned from  Shemaiah, who lived in the time of
B a b y 1 o n wih twelve hundred and Nehemiah.  Teh. xi: xv.




AZR                [76]               BAA
AZRIiKAM, 4.                        and worshiped this false god.  We
He was governor of the house of learn from iudges, ii: 13; iii: 7; vi:
King Ahaz, who was slain by Zichri. 25; and alfso x: 6, that under their
2d Chron. xxviii: 7.                judges, Ehud, Gideon, and Jepthah,
they worshiped Baal. And so in the
A/ZtUBIU-[Az-u-'bah.]               days of Samuel, the prophet, they
AzuBAl: was the first wife of Caleb, were thus guilty, for he was engaged
the son of l ezron, and she was the in abolishing the worship of this idol
mother of Jesher, and Shobab, and Ar- in Israel. 1st Sam. vii: 4.
don1. 1st Chron. ii:18. When she died   Ahab, by umarrying Jezebel, introCaleb took unto himi Ephrat-h to wife. duced idolatry extensively, and the
prophet Elijah, after passing through
AZUR, 1 -[A/-zur,] /e that assists, a severe storm of persecution against
is assisted.                    true worship and true prophets, put
Azuna was a Benjamite of Gideon, the king, the prophets, and worshipthe father of HIananiah, the false ers of ftaal to shame, at TIt. Carmrel.
prophet. Jer. xxviii: 1.            1st Kings, xviii.
We have an account in 2d Kinga, x,
AZUR, 2 —ie that assists, is cssisted. of Jehu's conspiring against Baal's
~ Azun was the father of Jaazaniah, priests and prophets. He pretended,
one of the people against whom Eze- after Ahab and Jezebel and their
kiel w a s comlmanded to prophesy. family were destroyed, to have great
Ezekiel, xi: 1.                     reverence and regard for Baal, and
convened the priests and prophets in.A-ZZAN-[Az'zan.]                   the teiaple. lHie proposed to be more
AZZAN was the father of Paltiel, of ardent and faithfil as a worshiper of
the trilbe of Issacher, who, as a prince Baal than Ahab had been. When he
assisted in dividing the land of Canaan. had collected them all in their temple
Nunm. sxxiv: 26.                    he put thelmn all to the sword.
Yet Israel relapsed into Basl1 worAZZUR-[Az'zur.]                     ship again, under Ahaz and MIanasAzzur was one of the heads of the seh, after Jehoiada had cleared the
people, who signed the covenant with whole country of Judah of it. The
Nehemiah. Neh. x:: 17.              good Josiah, in his reformation, reabolished it; bnt his son encouraged
PAAL, 1 —[Ba'-al.]                 it again. 2d Kings, xvii; xxi; JereiBAAL was a Reubenite, who is re- miah, xix: 5.
ferred to, 1st Chron. v: 5. His son,.or
descendant, Beerah, was captured by BAAL-BERITH- [Ba'-al-be'-ritk,    ]
the invading army of Assyria, under    idol of t'he covenant.
Tilgath-Pilneser.
BAAL-BERIuTI was an idol we o rB3AAL, 2.                           shiped by- the Israelites after the.BAAL was the son of Jehiel, by his death of Gideon. " They made Baalwife, Maachah. I-e was the father or berith their god."  And at Seehun
founder of Gibson. Hle is thought to there was a temple consecrated to this
be a kinsman of Saul. 1st Chron. god. Judges, viii: 33. And in this
viii: 30; ix: 36.                   temple there were seventy pieces of
silver deposited, which they who had
IBAAL, 3.                           charge of the temple gave to AbimeBAAL was an idol worshiped by lech, with which he "hired vain and
eastern nations, under the emblemu of light persons which followed him.'
an ox or bull. The Moabites were Judges, ix: 4.
worshipers of this false god; and when
Balak, the king of M3oab, hired Ba- B A A L - H A N A N, 1 —Ba'-al-han'laam to curse Israel for him, he took   an.]
him to the high places of Baal. Num.   BAAL-IIANAN was the son of Achxxii: 41.             ~             bar, who succeeded Saul in the kingBut even the Israelites, after the dom of Edoin. He was the seventh
death of Joshua, went into idolatry king of the Edomites. He is referr@ed




BAA                 [77J               BAA
to in G-en. xxxvi:38; and also in 1st death, and thereby transferring his
Chron. i: 49.                        kingdom and interests to D]avid, supposing that they would be rewarded by
BAAL-HANAN. 2.                       David for it.
BAAL-HANADN, th1e Gederite, w a s   To accomplish this purpose they enplaced by King David, over the olive tered the palace of the king at midday7
trees and sycamore trees in the low while he was sleeping, and murdered
plains. 1st Chron. xxvii_: 28.       him. They then cut off his head and
carried it to David that he might see it
BAALIS - [Ba'-al-is,] a cejoicing, and feel satisfied that what they reprorud lord.                     ported was true. The son of Saul was
BAALIS was aJ king of the Anunon- surely dead. DTavid, instead of laudites at the tiime of the destruction of ing them  for this act, andt rewarding
Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar. Jer. them  as they desired, charged them
xl: 14.                              with mnurdering an innocent and a righteous man, in his own house and on his
BAAL-PEOlR —[Baal-pe-or, ] nas- own bedl.  He at once gave the cornter of the opening.              mand that they both be slain. They
BAxL-PEOR was an idol of the Mo- were accordingly put to death, and to
abites. Numbers, xxv; v. It is also give an expression of the king's judgre-ferred to in Psalms, Ovi: 28.    nment as to the horrid nature of their
crime, he ordered their hands and feet
BAASE IAH-[Ba-,a-si'-ah.]            cut off and their bodies to be hanged
BsAASEIMI was a Gershonite Levite over the pool in Hebron. 2d Sam. iv.
and one of the forefathers of Asaph,
the singer. 1st Chron. vi: 40.       BAANA@I, 2.
BAANAII was a Netophathitt, the
BAAL-ZEBUB - [ Ba'-abze'-bub,] son of Heleb, and one of David's thirtythe master of flies.             seven vaian t nien. 2d Sam. xxiii: 29e
The idol-god of Ekron. In the
scriptures he is called prince of the BAlANAH, 3.
dcevils, and chief of devils. 2iatt. xii:   BAANAI was the son of Ahilud.
24; Luke xi: 15.                     Ee was a noted governor under King
Solomon. Flronm 1st Kings, iv: 12, we
IBAAL-Z:EPFION — [Ba-cal-ze'-fon,] learn that he had under his rule and
the idol of the northl, secret.  authority the cities of Taanaceh and
AAxL-ZEPION is supposed to have Megiddo, and all Bethshean, &c.
been an idol-god, and, as such, is referred to in Ex. xiv: 2; probably set BAANAH, 4.
at that place to watch the frorliers of   Bl_&ANAH was also a governor under
Egypt.' King Solomon.  He was the son of
Hlushai.  hie ruled in Asher and in
BAANA, 1,                            Aloth.  1st Kings, iv: 16.
BAANA Was the son of Ahi d,7 and
was principal officer in Jezreel and BAAtA-[Ba —a'rah I.]
the north of the Jordan valley.  1st   BAARA  Tas one of the wives of
Kings, iv: 12.                       Shaharaim. who was sent off, or put
away, but afterwards remained. ProbBAANA, 2.                            ably she was the same as Hodesh who
BAANA was the father of Zadcokl, who was the mother of Jobab, Zibia, Mesha,
assisted in rebuilding the walls of Jeru- Malcham, Jeuz, Shachia and Mirma,
salem under Nehemiah. Nelh. iii: 4. 1st Chron. viii: 8, 9.
BAANAH, 1-[Ba-a'nah.]                BAASH1A-[Ba-asha.]
BAANAH, with his brother Hechab,   BAsIHA was a warrior, the cornwas a son of Rimmon, of Besroth, of the mander-in-chief of the army of Sadab,
tribe of Benjamin. They were both the son of Jeroboam  the King o  Israel.
officers of the army of King Ishbosheth, Hie treacherously murdered his master
Saul's son. They conceived the idea and family, and usurped the crown.
of putting Ishbo-sheth, their master, to After he had smitten Nadab, he' do



B__AA               [78J               B3 DAL
stroyeccl his family until there was not BALAAM-[Ba'alm,] the old age or
one left of the house of Jeroboam thus    ancient of the people, without t7he
the prophecy of Ahijah the Shilonite     people.
was fulfilled. When Jeroboam's wife   BALAAi, the son of Beor, was a
disguisec herself and waited on Ahijah noted prophet or divine of the city of
to enquire of him  whether her son Pethor, on the river Euplahrates.  Some
shtoutld recover of his sickness, he in- have supposed himt to be a false prophet
formed  Jeroboam  through his wife and a hypocrite, but in this they are
that his family should be exterminated, probably mistaken.  I-e had undoubtnot one of them  should be left. 1st edlya knowledge of, and worshiped the
Kings xiv: 11. "Him  that dieth of true God. He had been atrue prophet
Jeroboam in the city shall the dogs eat; before he was called on by Balak, the
and him that dieth in the field shall the ling of the   Moabites, to curse the
fouls of the air eat for the Lord hath Israelites. This is to be inferred from
spoken it. "  This prophetic declaration the extensive account recorded in Numinvolved the refusal of an honorable bers, xxii, xxiii, and xxiv. Balak unburial. They should not even come to derstood Balaam to be a prophet of the
the sepulcher of their fathers. Baasha God of the people he desired to have
though a wicked man was made use of cursed, and sent unto him  by his servto destroy another wicked man and the ants, making the offer of honor and
entire family to whieh he belonged, viz: wealth if he would prophesy agaunst
the house of Jeroboamn. But Baasha then.  But Balsam -eared God and
was also very wicked in his reign, and evidenced tha*t fear in an honest refusal
provoked the God of Israel so that he to meet the wish of Balak, as soon as
determlined to take away his posterity God let him knowthat the people should
also anc make his house as the house of not be cursed; Numa. xxii: 12, "for
Jero!boam.  God declared of Ba-asha, they are blessed."  When Batak sent
" Him that dieth of Baasha in the city his servants again, and pressed him to
shall the dogs eat; and him that dieth comne to him at once, renewing' the offer
of his in the field shall the fouls of the of honorand wealth, Balsam still refused
air eat."  After Baasha's reign ended, and made the honorable reply, "If
Elah his son ascended the throne. He Balak would give me his house full of
fell by the hand of an anssassin. Zimri silver and gold I cannot go beyonr the
a servant conspired against him while word of the Lord my God, to do less or
he was "drinking himself drunk" in more."  Balaam  certainly appears in
the house of Arza, his steward. And this history of him at times in a very
after Zimri asseended the throne, he favorable attitude. Was he a prophet
destroyed the whole house of Baasha of God? The scriptures expressly call
as Baasha lcad destroyed the house of him one, 2d Peter, ii: 15, 16,'followNadab ancd Jeroboam.                 ing the way ofI Balam, the son ofBoser,
it is not difficult to see why it was who loved the wages oftnrighteousness;
that God permitted such judgmnents to but was rebuted for his iniquity, the
fall on this family. Baasha was a very dumb ass speaking with man's voice,
great offender, as was also Elah his son, forbade the madness of the prophet. "
for they caused the people to sin, and It is reasonable for us to suppose from
provoked the God of Israel to anger this language of the apostle that Balaaml
with their idolatries.  1st Kings xv: had once been a good man, and a true
15, 16.                              prophet, but that le coveted the wealth
and honor that the king of Moab prof-:BAKBAKKER-[Bak-baklker.]            fered him.  The Lord answered him
when he inquired the second time: "If
BAKBAKKER was a Levite, referred the men call thee, rise up and go with
to in 1st Chron. ix: 15, and was, prob- them, but yet the word that I shall say
ably, a descendant of Asaph.         unto thee, that shalt thou do."  The
history would seem to say IBalaam was
BAKBUK —[Bakb'uk.]                   covetous, and this seems to be the IanThe children of Bakbuk are referred guage of St. Peter. This permission.
to among the Nethinims who returned on the part of the Divine Being was
from  captivity with Zerubbabel. Ezra. enough. Actuated by covetousness, he
ii: 51, and Neh. vii: 53,            did notwait for the call.  "And Balain




BAL                 [79]                BAL
rose up in the morning, and saddled his I said, Balak, the king of' Moab, hath
ass, and went with the princes of Moab. " brought me from  Aram  out of the
Here was his sin, and God was angry mountains of the East, saying, GCome
witll him, and his angel withstood him. curse me Jacob, and come defy -Trael.
He confbissed his sin at once and prof- How shall I curse, whoml  God batih not
fered to give up the enterprise and re- cursed? or how shall I defy, whom God
turn, but the angel bade himn go on with hath not defied? For from the top of
the men, and take care only to spe.ak the rocks I see him, and fromn thle hills
the word of the Lord to Balak.  When I behold him.  Lo! te people shall
Balaam  stood before the king of Moab dwell alone, and shall not be reckoned
he exhibited  the same firmlness and among the nations.  Who can count
honesty that marked him when talking the dust of Jacob, and the number of
with the servants.  He stands in the the fourth part of Isriael?  Le mle die
presence of Balak probably for the first the death of the righteous, and let my
tim.e in his life, and the interrogatory last end be like his."
was presented to him:'Did I not send   Balak being much dissatisfied with
unto thee to call thee?   Wherefore this parable, and the sentimenlt so pocomnest thou not unto me?  Ami I not etical and sublilme,-declaring tfhe fitable indeed to promote thee to honor?" ture prosperit.y and greatness of the
Balaa.n was undaunted by suimch ques- nation of Israel —complained to Balaam
tions coming even from the king, Sum.  that he had not cursed them as hle dcxxii: 38.  "Lo I am came unto thce, sired him  to, bIut on the contrary had
have I now any power at all to say any- blessed them   ltogether. No wonder
thing; the word that God putteth in Balak so unders-tood this language, for,,Ry mo1310i, that shall I speak."  That it is a I:eautifunl and slowing description
waas a noble resolution, and how well of the fact that God hcad dcetermined to
did Balaaam keep it.  Behold himl as bless and defend Israel, and therefore
le s;tands upon the hligh places of Baal, all efforts to injure or destroy thlen
with Balak at his side, and views the would be in vain. It declares that they
rmighty host of Israel.  Balak is listen- should be preserved as a distinet nation,
fing for a curse from him as his eyes run which has been litersally fulfilled through
over the vast company, but no curse is a long series of ages.
pronounced because God has not cursed.   But ]Balaamn amnswered the complainBalaam orders seven altars erected, ings of Balak with the saime honesty
and sacrifices, consisting of seven oxen that had marlked him bef-ore: " Must I
and seven rams, prepared. These were not take heed to speak that which the
the animals that the Bilosaic law re- Lord hath put into my mouth?'' Baquired to be offered in sacrifice, and the lak then took Balaam to another point
number of thenm —seven —showed that where lhe could see but a part of the
Balaam intended to offer a grand sacri- vast company of Israel, thinking, probface. A bullock and a ram were olff'ered ably, that the sight of such an irmmense
on each altar. Balaam  having made canmp had intimidated him; and if he
the offering, left the excited king stand- saw but the " utmost part of them" he
ing by the burnt offering, while he re- could curse them —or the part of' them
tired to some point a short distance that he saw; and then he may have
from the altar to hear what the Lord thought, if he could succeed in securing
would say; but he gave Balak to un- a curse for one part, or portion of the
derstand that whatever the Lord showed company, he might afterward succeed
him he would tell him. That was in in getting him to curse another part,
keeping with what he had stated be- and finally the whole host of Israel. So
fore: "I cannot go beyond the word Balak brought himn to the field of Zoof the Lord. "                        phim, to the top of Pisgah, and built
God met Balaam  upon the hi gh  him, as at the former place, "seven alplace to which he had retired, and put tars, and offered a bullock and a ram on
words in his mouth. As soon as the every altar."  The offerings ]being thus
revelation was received, he went back made, as in the former case, Balak
to the king and his princes, who were awaited the result.  Balaam  retired
standing all excited to hear his message fronm  himn  a short distance to receive
by the burnt sacrifice.  Num. xxiii: 7-. the word of the Lord.  The Lord met
10: "And he took up his parable and him and put in his mouth another par



BAL                [80]                BAL
able. As soon as he received the rmes-, could endure, he could hardly contain
sage he returned to the altars where himself while the prophet was announc.
Balak and his princes were waiting. ing it. In a fit of passicn he smote
The excited king, turning to the pro- his hand together and with earnestness
plhet, said,  What bhath the Lord spo- addressing himself to him, he said:
ken?                                 "I called thee to curse mnine enemies
There seems to be an acknowledg- and behold thou hast altogether Llessed
mlent here on the part of Balak that them these three times."  He ordered
Ba!aan  was under the influence of Je- Balaam back to his home without tile
hovah, and farther that he could not be honor he hlad intended to -bestow upon
induced to say anything that God had him.
not commanded him. [But I suppose   The prophet referred him to the deehe hoped there would be a change in larations he made when first applied
the mind of the God of whomn  t h e to, viz: "If Balak would give me Lis
prophet sought counsel, and that he house f'ull of silver and gold, I cannot
would yet curse the people he had de- go beyon  the commandment of the
termined to bless. Balaam answers the Lord."  H-e then assuredc BEalak that
question put to him  in the following he was ready to return after he had deparoable:  "Rise up Balak anid hear; livered him one more message. Hie dehearken unto me, thou son of Zippor; livered that as recorded in N'umbes,
God is not a man that he should lie, xxiv: 15-25.
neither the son of man, that he should   The mwesage is a succession of parrepent; hath he said and shall he not ables in which are supposed to be prodo it? or hath he spoken and shall he phecies of the MePssiah (who is called
not make it good.  Behold I have re- "a star out of Jacob" and a " scepter
ceived commandment to bless, and he out of Israel,") prophecies of the greathath blessed and I cannot reverse it. ness of Israel, their conquest of mighty
lHe hath not beheld iniquity in Jacob, nations, &c.
neither hath he seen perverseness in   After the message was ended the
Israel; the Lord his God is with him  King of Moab and Balaam the prophet
and the shout of a king is am no n g parted, the former sought ease for his
them, &c. "                           troubled soul amcid the pleasures of his
Balak listened to this parable with palaee, while the other in possession of
much disatisfaetion.  He saw that his a consciousness of having dealt faithend was not accomplished, that Israel fully with him who sought and obtained
was not cursed and addressing himself his service.
to Balaam, he said:  "Neither curse   But it may be supposed that Balaear
them  at all, nor bless them  at all." after he had returned to his home,
But, said Balaam, did I not tell thee, thought of the honors and wealth that
"All that the Lord speaketh that 1 must had been proffered him and as in the
do."  Balak then took Balaaml to the first place in transgression he coveted,
top of Peor, and at his command built and under the influence of those covethim  seven altars and prepared him  ous feelings, he plotted against Israel,
seven bullocks, and seven rams, and he caused the Moabites and Midianites
offered them in sacrifice. And again to send their daughters into the camp
Balaam received a revelation from God, of the Israelites and induce them to
for it is said, " the spirit, of God came form. matrimonial alliances with them,
uLpon him," and under the influence of and so draw them away from God and
that spirit, he spoke another parable, his protection, by forfeiting his favor in
full of beautiful imagery couched in po- indulgence in idolatry and sins such as
etry.  "How goodly are thy tents, 0, were common oanong them. Num. xiii:
Jacob, and thy tabernacles, 0, Israel! 16. "Behold these caused the childAs the valleys, are they spread forth, ren of Israel, through the counsel of
as gardens by the river side; as the Balaam to commit trespass against the
trees of lign-aloes, which the Lord hath Lord in the matter of Peor."  The
planted, and as cedar trees beside the prophet says referring to this counsel, it
waters," &c. The parable closes up was given to Balak the King of MIoab
with, "Blessed is lie that blesseth thee by Balaam the son of Beor. }icah vi:
and cursed is he that curseth thee." 5. Peter refers to the sane counsel.
This seemed to be more than Balak 2d Epistle, ii: 16e, as does also the




B3AL                 [8B1 I3AL
apostle Jude 11, " ran greedily after voew in the history of Balaam.   ]e
the error of Balaamn for reward."  The and his na;tion were in friendship and
same thing is referred to and expressed league with the T)idianites.  Fe s'aw
by the Revelator ii: 14, "because thou the growing greatness of Israel and
hast there them that hold the dcetrine was alarimed obr lear he and his kingof Balaam who taught Balak to cast a doim would be destroyed by them.  lie
stumribling Block before the children of did not know that the Israelites were
Israel."  BaIamll    afterwards I ecamne not to Imeddle with the Moahfbites or
fullyjoined with these enemies of Israel, An monites, or any other people than
and in a battle that was fought between those belonging to the land of Canaa,n
them iand Israel they were conquered-  wh ich as  a inad had been promiced to
five of their prin-ces were killed in Israel as their future  possessions.
battle, and a.gre:it number of the peo- 8ihon, king of the Ammonites, and
pie, and among them was Balaam.        Og, king Ol' Bashan, were to be conquered, but the M'oabit.es Ihad no reaBALADAN-[B3al-adarn,] one w;iithout son to fear, and other countries than
rule or jC'Cmge9 z nt, a2 czc ic z   n cicc7- ji  those  named, and that God had pron-?nent.                             ised, were n-ot to  be  molested.
BmSxDAN  the 1l!g Of B-abylon. We The ilebws Ter e  not to nieddle with
have an account of' him in the Isaiah other countries but to be satisfied with
xxxix. I-e isn c'a!ed It.crcdach Baladan the  possessions God had promiged
the son of one off the ntai e Dame.    the. Indeed they were forbidden to
Hezekiah tahe king lnhad been sick, aind go any further.  But Ba!ak in his
had recovered oft lis sickreess, and by fright looked upon Israel ais his enetIme decree of the Almigihty fifteen years mies, and without any e idence on the
rad been adcded to Ihcs life. Baladan part of Israel of fieeing or intention
sent messengers to hiln to congratulate agaiinst ioab —he began to luove —not
him upon his r:-eovery, at least he'was for a bat.tle, for he had no desire to
so represented l:y the nmessengers.    fight with a people who had obtained
The true  object probably  was to such wonderltil success in the recent
secure with his presents and cxpres- battle with Arad, king of the Canaansions of frienidship Hezelkiash as an ally ites-and over Sihon and Og, - ings of
and fiiend.  He hoped to be able to tihe Ainnorites and of the country of
secuFre this kineg as a helper aIgainst his -Bashan. But lie consult-ed with the
enelmies if lie needed help. Hzekialih elders of Micdiaml  as to what should
treated Baladan's anmbassadors with be done.  >Num. xxii: 3, 4. "And
great kindness, received them  gladly NIBoab was sore afraid of t.he  eople,
sand made them a feast, during the feast becacuse they were many, ancf ioab
he took  thenm into  his 1malace and was distressed because eof te children
showedc theim all the tieasures of Israel. of Israel. And Moab said  unto the
EIe showed tbheam his armory, tihe silver elders of Midian': "Now  shall this
and gold, tlie spices and precious oint- company lick up all that are around
ment, and 1l his wealth and it is said about us as the ox licketh up tlie grass
by Josephmus the Jeayish historian that of the field."  Balsaum who lived by
FHezekiah sent presents to Ba!adan by the Euphrates was known as a prophet
tle ambassadors whyen they returned.   and Balak sent for hinm to curse IsIsaiah the prophet approached the rael; but lie receivedl from the prophet
king and asked hi sn who these men the reply that he could not come —for
were and froml ihence  they came, God was not willing that the peoHezekiahll informed the prophet, and ple should be cursed. A second time
also howlihehad treateclthel. Then the Balak sent for him, urging him to
pro hetgave hin a. prediction regarcing g come, giving  him  the  promise of
the Babylon captivity, winich prediction wealthl and honor, such as a king only
was fulfilled. The successor of Baladan could give, if he would come and
brought Israel into eaptivity.         meet his wishes.  Balaam  finally obtained permission of God to go proBALAK —[Bal1ak,] wtho  cays waste, vided the lmessengers called for him/oho lgeps.                        and after the thrilling circumstance
BALAK, the son  of Zippor, and of the angel of the Lord withstandking of WN1oab, is presented  to our ing him in the narrow pass-the dumb
6~




BAL                [821               BARR
animal speaking, reproving the " mad- clamor you demanded one of the most
ness of the prophet;" and his eyes infalmous men and murderers released;
being' opened to see the threatening and while you asked for the release
messenger standing before him with a of the vile wretch Barabbas, you insodrawn sword in his hand - and his lently and wickedly killed the Prince
confession of his sin-he is permitted of Life. This seems to be the import
to stand in the presence of Balak. of the language of the holy preacher.
Balak tried in vain to secure a curse   It is said of Pilate, Luke xxiii: 24
on Israel. The Lord had blessed them  "HIe gave sentenee that it should be
and they could not be cursed.  He  as they required. And he released
was very much dissatisfied  and sent unto ith-em, himn that for sedition and
Balaam avway without any honor.  -Ile murder, was cast into prison."  They
may have been instructed afterwards took off the irons, and led Barabbas,
by Balaam, and followed -the instruc- the hardened criminal, ot of- the
tion by ensnaring Israel, as they were prison a free man, to add other crimes
ensnared by the women of other idol- to the list tfhat had already blackened
atrous countries.  ( See B a a 1 a in. ) his character, and hardened his wicked
Num. xxii.                          heart.
BsAN —[Ba/ni.]                      BAiLACHIAS-[Bar-a-ki'as,] t h o
BANI the Gadite, was one oflnavid's    blesses God.
mighty men. 2d Sam. xxiii: 36.        BARACxcIAs was the father of Zacharias, who is brought to our view in
BArtABBAS-[Bar-ab'bas,] son, of Matt. xxiii: 35, as having been slain
the father, or of confitsion.   between the temple and the altar as a
BAuRABBAS was a notorious robber, martyr.
guilty of sedition and murder.  Hle   There is a diversity of opinion conhnad been imprisoned. for his felony. cerning the person of Zacharias, the
When Christ was taken by his ene- son of Barachias, and also concerning
miies and passed through the mock Barachias himself.  It is generally
trial, Pilate, the Roman governor, supposed that Jehoiada had two names,
seemed willing, nay more-anxious to one of which was Barachias, and that
release Jesus. Luke xxiii: 17. "For the Zacharias spoken of above, was
of necessity, he must release one unto h1is on who was,  pt to death by the
them at the feast."'  But they refused orders of Joash between the temple
to haIIe Jesus released, and deimanded and the al-tar, the account of whose
the release of Barabbas. Thus we death and last words we have in 2d
see the Jewish rulers demanding the Chron. xxiv: 22. "Thus Joash, the
release of a notorious villain. This king, remenlbered not the kindness
man was not only charged with, but which Jehoiada his father had done to
actually guilty of the very crines that him, but slew his soil, and when he
were falsely charged againstJesus, viz: died he said, The Lord look upon it
insurrection. Barabbas, in company and require it."
with somue accomlplices, had been in an
insurrection, and had committed mur- BARA K-[Ba'rak.] thnclder,;in vain.
der. HIe had actually violated law,  BARAK, the son of Ahinoam, was sethe penalty of which was death. Bar- lected by the God of Israel, in company
abbas deserved to die, and yet they with Deborah, to deliver them  from
begged for his life, while they dce- the power of Jabin, a mighty king of
maunded the death of the Son of God. the Canaanites.  Barak received the
And not only did the wicked Jews message from God through this woman,
demand the death of Christ, but they who was a prophetess as well as judne
would have him. die in the most igno- of Israel.  Ile refused to obey the Diminiions manner.  The Lord Jesus vine comm ands unless she would go
Christ was sentenced to death, "and with him. Judges, iv: 8: "If thou
a murderer was preferred before hirm." wilt go with mle, then I will go; but if
Peter says, in his Pentecost sermon, thou wilt not go with mce, then I will
Acts iii: 14, " But ye denied the Holy not go."  She agreed to go, and Barak
one and the just, and desired a mur- assembled ten thousand men prepared
derer to be granted unto you."  With and equipped for war, and went to Mlt.




BAR                  183]               BAR'Tabor to show himself to the enemy, who falsely pretended to fore tell
and let him know that he would con- future events. His name is given him
tend for the right in deliverance of Is- probably because he was the son of
rael. Sisera, the general of the army one whose name was Jesus or Joshua.
of Jabin, saw him, and immlaediately be-   Paul and Barnabas found this man
gan making preparations for a battle. with the deputy of the country, SerH-Ie gathered together his nine hundred gins Paulus, who had called for them
iron chariots and ime n of war, and to hear from them the word of God.
lmarched to a place near t h e river From the character of this deputy, as
Kishon and set hinmself in battle-array. given, and the efforts of the notorious
Barak saw him, heard his challenge, Barjesus to turn him from the faith,
and at once made ready for the engage- we may judge that he was almost, if
ment. H.e was inspirited for the battle not quite, a convert. Acts, xiii: 7,
by the declaration of the prophetess. describes him  as "a prudent man,)"
As she looked with him  fr on the and one who "desired to hear the
heights of Tabor upon the enemy, her word of God." But the false prophet
declaration was, "For this is the day in withstood the apostles. H-e knew that
which the Lord hath delivered Sisera if the doctrines which these apostles
into thy hand.  Is not the Lord gone taught were received by the deputy
out before thlec?"  Ba.rak went down he would lose caste, character, and
ifrom the mountain, and with his army position.  His craft was in danger,
of ten thousand he soon put Sisera and and lhe set himself to work to-prevent
the host of Jabin to flight.  There for himself such a calamity. He tried.:ever was a victory more complete than to hinder the effeet of their preaclhing.
was this for Barak; for every man of To prevent Sergius Paulus from emthe arm y of Jabin fell upon the edge bracing their doctrines, lie presented'of a sword. And though Sisera, the cr-afty and false insinuations; but, as
general, to save himself, alighted. fromi  we shall see, he did not succeed.
his chariot and fled for his life onl foot,   Paul seeing the drift of the efforts
and took refuge in thC tent of Jael, the of Barjesis, in strong nervoLs, withwifb of Heber, the Kenite, yet he, too, ering language, rebuied him. Paul
fell in death; for when wearied and was under the influence and direction:exhausted, he laid him dciown to sleep, of the inspiring spirit, and said to
Jacl drove a nail through  his tenples Elyiuus: "0, full of all subtlety, and
and fastened it into the ground; so he all mischief, thou child of the devil,
died.  She then hailed the pursuing thou enemy of all righteousness, wilt
conqueror, Larak, took him into her thou not cease to pervert the right
tent, and showed him the man he was ways of the Lord?'  And then the
seeking, as he lay in the sleep of apostle proceeded to declare the disleaths.                              pleasure -of the Almighty agaSinst him:
It is supposed that Barak was associ- "And now, behold, the hand of the
ated with Deborah in the composition Lord is upon thee, and thou shalt be
-of the beautifiul hymnn of thanksgivilng blind, not seeing the sun for a season."
called the Song of Deborah, and that   What a terrible calamity to come
their voices were -anited in singing it.   upon a man in the act of fighting
The land had peace for forty years against God-so blind that he should
a.ter the conquest of Baalk.          not see the sun even at noonday! No
sooner had the apostle made the deBARL-I —[Ba-rFiah.l                   claration than the fulfillment to o k
BArTAI was one of the sons of She- place. " There fell on him a mist and
maiah, a descendant of the royal line a darkness, and he went about seeking
of Judah.  Lst Chron. iii: 22.        some one to lead him  by the hand."
When Sergius Paulus saw this mirIBAR  EWS- [:Bcar-je~-susn,] son of acle he doubted no longer, but credJesues.                          ited the apostles and believed their
BAnJEsus is supposed to have been doctrine.
a Jewish magician who lived in the   Many suppose that Barjesus w as
island of Crete. He is also called, by converted li/kewise, and that his blind-'the author of the Acts of the Apostle, ness continued no longer, if, indeed,
Elymuns, the siocerer. HI-e was one as long as the blindness of Sati o'




BARL                 [84j               LArTarcus; and it is Itou-ght that the mroney andl Mni.d it at the apostles feet-"'
apostle Paul performler'd the am.e-ofice f He appoars then in thllis introclucion to.
for i te converted sorcerer that Ann- our notice as one of the prlmitive Conni-s did foxr  him, when a weeping, verts who so generously contributed of
praying penitent in Damasous, viz: their substance for tho relief and living
restLored hni to, sight.               of poor believers. IHe exchanged his
land for -lnoney, which he placed in
BApJONAHi [-Bar-jo/'nlah,1 son of  the treasury of the isnfant church.
Jomzca, or of a dove.               It is not to be wondered at, that one
BARJONAIr is a nam2e used to desig- who made so noble a start should attain.
nat'e Peter. It was used by Christ a good degree; of excellence, and prowhen Peter answered the important perly merit the title of'"son of conques:tion presented, "But who say ye solation?"
tha-t I am  "  His answer was, " thoul   Barna.bavs is thought to be one of tie
ari' the Christ, the son of the living- seventy disciples chosen by Christ. iHe
God."  Then said the Savior, MTatt. was acquainted with Saul the student
xvi: 17, "Blessed  art thou Simon of Gannaliel, and probably was a fellow
Bar-ona, for flesh and blood hath not student with him under that illustrious.
reveatled it unto thee, but my father teacher.
which  is in heaven'."   The  name   Thlree years after Paul's conversion he
simpl7y imports that he was the sou  went to Jerusallem and Barnabas introof Jona or Jonas.                     duceed him to the other apostles. [T[hey
After Andrew, the brother of Peter were afraid of him, for they hlad  known
was converted, he went in search of hihn as a persecutor and dicd not bellieve
1him, and finding him, he took him  to him a disciple.  But Barnablas exteended
Jesus. As soon a Jesuss saw him, he to him a brother'shand, and abrother's
said: "':Thou art SiniLon, the son of welcome. Acts, ix: 27.  "But BarnaeJona."  John i: 42. And after the bas took him and brought him to the:
Savior's resurreteetion, when he would  apostles and declared unto the i how
remind Peter of his fall, in denying he had seen the Lord in the way, an4d
11him  three times when he was in the that he htad spoken to him, and how he:
hands of his enemiies, and about to be hald preached boldly at Damascus in theput to death, he called him  by this  name of Jes-us."  On this introductionnamne. John xxi.  Three times the and testimony of Barnabas, regarding"
Savior said to him. "S' $ion, son of Paul, tlhey admit'ed him to their coeuJonas, lovest thoLu ie?"             lunion.
The church, at Jerusalem sent B3ai'BAHNADBAS- [Bar/nabas,] the son, of' nabas to Antioch, having heanrd of tle
tie propet,. or of consolation.  progress of the gospel there.. Acts xi:
BAtNArAS was one of the disciples 22.  "Then  tidings of these things.
of  our lord Jesus Christ, and a coin- came unto the ears of the church which
panion of tlhe apostle Paul for a long was in Jerusalem  and they sent forthwhile in his labors.. He was in Cyprus Barnabas that he should go as far as-.
whither his parents had retired to shun Antioch."  He went joyfully and obthe ravages of the Syrians or.Romans,. served the work of God among them,.
or other enemies of the Jews in Judea. mingled with theim in their devotions,
His name before his co-nversion to ministered the word of life to them,
christianity was Joses, but after his and exhorted them  most earnestly to
conversion lie was called iBarnabas the " cleave unto the Lord."
son of prophecy or of consolation.  Ie   The testimony is given in connection
was a giftccld and affectionate preacher, with the account of his labors at Antiaincd did much towards comfor-tilng the och by the spirit of inspiration that
early believers to whom he ministored "he was a good man, and full of the
the word of life. We have the follow- Holy Ghost, anc  of faith,  and mun ch.
ing account of him in Acts iv: 36, 37. people were added unto the Lord."
" And Joses who by the apostles was CWhaat a concise, clear ancd satislactory
su-nmnled Barnabas (-which is being in- description of the churceh and suuceoss
terpreted the son of consolation) a'of this eminent disciple of Christ at
Levite and of the country of Cyprus, A ti o c h! Somctime afterwards he
having land, sold it and brought. the went to Tarsus in.searochof Paul, o mudn.:




BAR                   [85]                BAR,hin and brought 1hm to A  ntioch, and BRLc   SABAS~ 1- [Bar'sa-bas,] sot of
together they la bored there, probably      rctrmz, of q'est, of siweaoyg.
two years.  They  went together to.Jerussalem beva.ing  almns for the poor of   BARSABAS' was surnamed -Justus,
that church, ofl:oei their church at Anti- and is brought to our view in Acts i:
-och. When they returned -Uo Antioch 23.  W-hen the apostles vwould have
thev took witih them  John1 Mark, a the place of tbhe traitor Judas filled,
cousin of  3arnabas.  After they blad  they m-ade a selection of Barsabas tand
been  at home  with their  church a MIat.thias, (-they we e both of them1 Go'.shomrt time, they were set apart by the seventy,) cand then cast lots to see
the ehurch unlerv the direction of the which of the two should be numbered
Holy  Ghost  to  labor  amlong  the with the apostles.  It had been the
-Gettiles.                              customr fro0m tilme illlmmemorial when a
They went to Cyprus,' where thlley doubtful matter'was to be settled, and
were instrumental in the conversion of the counsel of those concerncd was
lthe de-puty Sergius  Paulus, and prob- insuffieent to settle it, to ask direction
-ably Elym as the  sorcreer   They of God.  The apostles dc;d so in this
preached successively in Perga, D)erbe, case.  They prayed.: " Thou  hcird
and Lystra.  In the latter place, Paul which knowest the hearts of all men,cured a man who had been lame fromn  show whether of these two thou hast
his birth-Eineas.  Acts, xiv: 9, 10. chosen, that he may take part of this
The people of Lystra were greatly as- ministry and alpostleship fiiom which
tonished at the miracle, and began at Judas by transgression fell, that he
~once to regard them as gods. It is said might go to his own place."  After
they ealled Paul Jupiter, and  Barnabas this prnayer for divine direction l they
Mereury.  The people were so carried cl-  ast lots, and the lot fell uxpo-n  1iatth-way with them that they would have ins, and he was numbered  with the
sacriiced to them had they not hinclered  Tpostles. We are not to consider that
themni; and yet, strange as it may seel)   becaLse Barsabas was not e 1 o sen
it was but a short time afterwards they he Twas not a good man and a faithaful
were severely persecuted in this very preacher. They had both developed
~city. iBut they returned together a'sain tahe chrlstian  character and were in
to Antioch.  Soon there was a call fob  honor in the church, but only one of
theml  to go to Jerusalemn because of dis- then ecould be chosen.
putes that had arisen there.  The   Thi-s account of B3arsabas is all we
Church at Antioch sent them  as her have.  We know nothing of his lif1
-delegates.  They were present in the aRter this.
council, anid probably did not fully agree
concerning a question that agitated that BARSABAS,   2-  on  of rez rni, of
council; fbr not long after Peter went  rest, of szwearang.
to Antioch and there counteninced the
observance of the i osaie distinction.   There is one of this name mentioned
Barnaba.s was in jucdgment with Peter, in Acts xv: 22, whorse  surname was
but Paul was -opposed to themln, and re- Judas.   -e was sent witlh some Other
proved them  with considerable shairp- brethren, bythe.churchi at Jerusalem,
ness and freedom.                       to the church at Antioch.  Paul and
Panut and Barnabas separated Ishortly  -aranl.as were in the apot-olic cou-nafter this, and traveled to and labored cil as delegates from tnhat churc- h f cad
at different points.  A difficulty sprung when they reoi-rned houae Ba rsabs
uip bhetween theam as to the propriety of and Silas attended theml, bearn,% g
taking John and Mark.  Barnabas was letter from the apostles signli-ryln  to
in favor - Paul was opposed.  Paul the church at Antioch what the counwent towards Asia, and Barnabas to- cil at Jerusalemn had decreed. A copy
wards (Cyprus,                          of the letter they were the bearers or
This is all that is certtainlv known of is to be found in verses 23 and 2-t inthis good man.  Hle probably labored elusive, of the above chapter.  They
on until death came.'With his going delivered the message to the churic).
to Cyprus and takiing Mark along with when they arrived, and a-fter laborino
him, the  sacered  memoir of him  awhile with the brethren. anl enjoycloses                                  ing their friendly greetings and chris



BAR                  [8]G                  BA 
tian fellowship, they returned to thle BAIITIMEUTS   [Bar-ti-me'/s,] thel
apostles at Jerusalepm.                     the soS of Ti jeusC or of the ho7norThis is all that we can learn of Bar-     able.
sbtas-Judas.                              BAPBTIEUS was the son of Timeus,
and was a blind man —one of the blind
BARTHOLOMEV-Wa-[Bar -thol' - o- incn that Christ restored to sight in
mew,] c, so0  that s1uTpen4s the the days of- his flesh.  We have the
atiers.                            accoun t of hini in Mark x: 46-52.
The account is very interesting, and
BAnTiTOLoW IEW  was one of our tuhe miran eo a striking example of the
Lord's twelve apostles.  In Matt. x, syumpathy and power of Christ.
his name occurs in the list of the   Bbainmeus sat  y the highway side
twelve sent out by Christ.  He is sup- begging, with a blind companion, we
posed to be the samze person who is m'a"y gather frlom Matthew's naraitive,
called Na'thaniel of Ca;ns, in C-alilee, ior ie says there  were two.  BartiwIho is Lknoi- to have beei n one oie    incus wa"s proi0ably the most noted of
hrlist's  disciples  in  the beginning'. the two, and whien he addressed the
John tBe Evangeiist never mentions Savior, spoke for Ihs companion as
Bartholomew, but does lmentieo  NOs- welll as -f-'o-1 himtslt.  Te heard that
thaniel, and  the otheer Evansgelis-s Jceasu of Nazareth was passin- by, and
never mienztion Nai thnielt.  Th;s indi- i he  en to cy- out  " esus hou Son
cate;y very trongly' that they were the of David  have- mercy on me."   He
samne person.  But the- charae'er oI seeel tOcho o13 JrO deeply impressed with
Nathanniel as gi. ven by John, orn ratherl    a sense of his own aiefiction, that he
as given by Chlrist, rees to indicatLe cried ot earnestly and vehemently,
it.;John i: 47. "Behold an  L raelite so iauch so that the people rebuked
indeecd,  1in whon  i  os logule."  How  h'n lnd cinsisted thaet ho should hold
much. this speoaks, comning as it does his peaei, but. instead of staying his
firon  Christt, for the p-'ity andtl hOl- icries at tuheoi requesUs and coimiands
neso oi the mani.                      he cyed the louder.   Jesus heard his.
BuIt Nathaniel is Lentionedcas hav- vo e, o ai   the earnestnes   of his sotul
ing conce to Jesust  i  conpany wih nd  stopra —l, aI-n  ordered them  to
Phhilip, John i: 45, while the other1 bring him near to him.  They adEvangAlist mentions   iloihp eand Bar — direoed tlhe bli;nd.B.artimeus saying:
tholomew fereqaen'tly. And there is " Be of good con3 —ort, ric  lie calleth
anot her circume;stance indicatllng very thee."  in toe joy of his heart he cast
strongly tlhat thcey t we  eoyne and td e a ide his gnrlent and rose and went
same person.  After CIlrist'  resur- n  o Tes-u-s. As soon as he camie into,
reetion, he: s1owed himself to his dis- the presence or Christ he said, "what
ciples at the sea of Tiberius, ac Na  wi t tho   t hat I should do-1unto thee?'
than.el is piariticulaly mentieied: " Si-  In the -'ullnOess3 of his earnest heart iemnon Peter, Thomias, Nath>aniel, ofi CI ti  answyered, " Lord that I might receive
in Galilee, thbe twao sons of -Zeede and may sight."  Jesus perceivec  his faith
two other disciples."  W]ouldl he hl-rie and  gave  h1im  sight - natural and
been thus favored, and no other one (f' spirital vision was made clear, and.
all the disciples, ead lie not b-oen  an he followed his benefactor.
apostle?"  Bartholomnew and Nathaniel, it is quite proballe, mean the stame BAIU~CH, I-[Ba'ruk] who is blessed,
person.                                     who- beends the kncee.
It is thouhttit tha is apostle propa-   BAucncciri was of the tribe of Judah,
gated the faith of Christ by preachilng the son of Neriahl and  grandson of
his gospel in Judea,, a-d in the norU-th- Ma —seiah.  1-Te was a brother of Seraern and western parts of Asia, and that iah one of king Zieekiah's courtiers.
he finally met a marty-r's flte.  His li-fe This shows hinm to have been of illusand labors are not narrated in the New  trious birth.  -eo was well skilled, JoTestament, and hence it is uncemtain sephus infoinns us, in the  I e b r e w
what was his fieldc of operaition,  how  tongue, and was left with Jeremiah, the
long he labored, what trial.s he passed pIophet, in Judea, at the time of the
throuigh, and when and under what cir- Babylonian captivity.  Hie acted as seccanistances,he met his end.            retary to the prophet Jeremiah, and




BAR                 [87]                BAS
was with him in the midst of his perse- of Jerusalem  under Nehemiah.  Necutions and ill-treatment, and he sub- hemiah, iii: 20.
jeeted himself to much persecution and   The same person is referred to in Nesacrifice by his ardent attachment to the hemiah, x: 6, among those who sealed
prophet. Where the weeping prophet the covenant, and probably he is the
went Baruch went, and he entered into same one who is referred to in Nehethe spirit and feeling that governed iniah xi: 5, as the father of IHaseiah.
Jeremiah.  He shared with him  his
privations and sorrows, the prison and BAgRZILLAI, 1 —[Bar-zi1l'a-i,] made
the dungeon, and was sometimes even       of iron, son of contempt.
charged with prompting theprophet to
some of his truthful prophecles that the   BARZLJLAI was a Simeenite of 3iepeople treated with contempt.  Jere- hoiah, and tihe ft-her of Adriel, who;_iah, xliii: 3,'But Baruch, the son married Mderab, the daughter of King
of Neriah, setteth thee on against us, for Saul. His relationship to Adriel is
to clelider us into tie hands of the Chal- given in 2d Sam. xxi: S. This daughdeansrthattheymi;hltpu'tustodeath, and ter of KIing Saul was to have been
carry us away ca{ptives to Babylon. "    given to David, but Saul gave her in
When Jeremniah  was throVwn into the stead unto Adriel. 1st Samuel,
prison'in the reign of Jehoiakimn, and xviii': 19.
received an order oiom God to commit
to writing tee prophecies that had been BA ZTLLAI, 2 —1icde of i~on, son
delivered unto hmim  up to that time      of contempt.
he sent for Baruch, his seribe, and he   BAr-ZILL.U, the Gileadite, was one'
colmitted thlem to wi'iting. And after of the chie-r men of the countriy near
somnetine he took the witing of thbe  M1ai ihanai,   that supplied David with
pro-phecies to the temple to read in the provisions wlhen he was colmpelled  to
hearing' of the people there.  Miciaiah flee his throne on the reobellion of the
was present. and heard them read and unfeeling bsalobmci.  David had passed
iminmediately gave notice to the king's over Jorcdan  with a small company as
counsellors.                          body-guairdl and stopped at the beauThe king's counsellors at once sent for tiful city or l3ahanaim, and Barzillai,
Baruch and ordeed him to repeat what in company with several o t i e r s,
lhe had read. Ile did so, and as the brouggnht " bedes, aend 3asin -' alnd earthie.
prophleeies contained sone dark tidings vesels, and Vhceaot, and barley, and
concerning the fate of tlhe kingdoim flour, and parched corn, and beans,
they aslked him how he came in p:osses- and lentioles, and parhecd pulse, and
sion of them. They informed him that honey, and but-ter, an. sRheep, and
they were in duty bound to nake the cheese of kine, ior David and the
kiing acquainted with the prophecies, people that were with him to eat; for
and they did. The king sent for it, they said the people a-e hungry and
and had it read in his hearing, at least thirsty, and weary in the wilderness."
in part, for before the reading was fin- 2d Sam. xvii: 28-29.
ished, he became ang y and threw it
into tile fire. Lalning how it came BA-RZILLAI, 3 —  ade of iron,, so~n
into the possession of hlis counsellors,  qf conteinp.
vz'Z: through Jeremliah and Baruch, he   BARzmILL., was a priest cand was at
ordered themil botn seized and punished. the head of a number of priests who
But in this Jehoiakii was prevented, returned from  the Babylonian capforthehandolfprovideneeshiecledthem. tivity. He was probably a desce nd-ant
Jeremiah dictated the prophecies a of the forl-er Barzillai. Neh. vii: 63.
second time, and Baru-ch wrote therm
with sonime additional prophecies.  HIe B A S H-/  3B   A T H-[Bashle —mathhj
cont'inued the faithful disciple of Jere-  perfimted, in desolctifon.
miah until that prophet died.          tHAswmuiI EL a wife of Esau, who
is called by another name when marBAlUC-T 2-7 Who is blessed, w 7 o ried to Esau, viz: Mahaleth. She was:
bends the knee.                  the mahler of ]-nouel, Za son of Esn-au
BAIRUMi was the son of Zabbai who and is called by this name in Genesis.
ear-nepstly repaired a portion of the wall xxxwvi: 3, 4




BAS                  [88]               BAT
BASMIATH — [Baa uath.    ]            1before the king with a consciousness
BASAT wla- tehe daulghter of Sol- from his appearance and the favor to
omeon, and was given by him to be the hler, marked in his features, that her rewife of Ahunaaz, one of the twelve quest was granted and about to be exo-sleeirs appointed over twelve districts pressed.  "And the king swore and
to provide victuals f'r the k i n g's asaid: As the Lord liveth that hath rehousehold. Ist Kings, iv: 15.         deemed nmy soul out of all distress, even
as I sware unto thee by the Lord God,
BAT]HSJ-IEBL A-[Batith- she'ah,] the of Isr,-ael, saying, assuredly Solonmon thy
scezt7t  dacuijhyter, the dciaughter of son shall reign after me, and lhe shall
cat oath.                        sit  paon my tlrone  in my stead;  even
BAT t-Isi-IEu A  was the wife of an so will I certainly do this day. "  Here
officer of David's armly,i. e. Uriah the we have the spell of a nation broken by
Hritlte, and the claughter o' Amiel. the expressed will of  the 1king as to vlwho
tb o is represented n a a very bautitil should succeed him, given to this wowomaen, and the king was captured man. As she left the presence of the
wvo-  her beauty.  Afte  Uriah  was Iking when Nathan came in, so Nathan
murdeled by David he took her to be left when by the kin's order she rehis lsawful wUi-. No wonder thlatb the tt nzod. Slhe is nowv in possession of a
iord was, so displeased with the con- factL thatt there are no witnesses to, unduct of the two, foi  they probably less Abisjlhag the Shnalmite is present,
both srnnled in the maatter that led to who is now the cherishing   nurse of
the inluider of her first husband-that David.  But it does not long remain
he struck the elild of Bathsheba thus, for David deterimined to consulmJxlh death, thus deeply aliting   hen em mate the matter at once, and he sends
both. 2d S    xi: 3.                  for Zadok the priest and Nathan the
Bath.lheba bare unto David four proplet, and he mnade known his will
other sons, vTiz: Shirmea, Shobab, Na- in the matter to them, and1 gavex the mn
thal and Solomon. This latter son be- commandmllenll to assemble 1ais servants
came  thle suc-essor oi David to the and cause Solomion to ride on the king's
throne of Israel.   When  David was mule, and bring him iown to the place
stricken in ye.ars, and was no longer where  he ihe   to be crowned king.  -e
able to manan oe the affairs of his govern- ordered that they sNt him apart by anment, but was miinistered unto by Ahi- nointing him, ihel  blow the trunmpet
shlag, the Shuminaite, as a failing in- and announce that Solomon is kine, and
valid, Adonijah, his eldest son, whO they did so that day, so thIat BBathsheba
supposed himself according to Jewish  becalne before night tle queerl mother.
law, the sucessor of his fat1her,  cade   Soon after DIavid's death, which ocreardy as Abs lomi formerly had done to curred not long after Solomon was naede
be crowned king.  Nathan made the king, Adonijah came to Bathsheba with
acet known unto Bathslheba., and bade a request to the king.  lHe rade knotwn
her go unto the king and renmind hiam  the request to her, thinking she would
0of his promise and oath, that her son have umore influence with Solomon thman
Solomon shoull siit on the throne.  She any other person.  The request was
went to David and did as Nathan had that king Solomon would give him Abibidden her, and according to a previous shag, the Shunaumite, to wife.
arrangement miade with her, Nathan   This was probably the first time that
the prophet canme in and backed her Bathsheba had seen Adonijah since his
plea, and at the same tinme gavo king rebellion, and she may have been some-'David inlforimation as to the movem ents what a l tt fearlta    he lhad vengeance in
of Adonijah. Hie listened to this recital his heart against her as the inotler of
of faets by Nathan, and coimmmanded king Solomon, hence she addressed him
that Bathsheba, who had withdrawn as he came into her presence with,
from  his presence when the prophet "Comest thou peaceably."   He anconime in, be called in again.  She came swered that he did.  lie then referred
and stood before the king, not to plead her to the fact that he was the eldest
for the crowning of her son, for the son of the departed David, and of right
pleading was over, and the case was de- the kingdonm belonged to him; that the.cided in the mlind of Dmrtid, but she people had so understood it, and hence,came in to hear the decision.  She stood were about to lmake'him king, when




[BAT                  [89]                BEL
David interfered and put heri son on BEECIER —[Be'ker. 
the throne in his stead.  And he ac-   Brcnrrt  was one of the sons of Benknowledmed that it was fi oli the Lorid. jamiln,  ands is numibered with the fnmHe hlad no controversy on thatt,snbject, tly of  Jaeob who went down into Egypt.
anci no plea to put in for the kingdom. Gen. xvi: 21.
Bot; i h1.ad a'petitio n  which leC prayed
her not to denyr him. Baths'hebla could BEC1COHOr.BATHg-[Be-kolratih.
see no special obdjectionrs to it, and she   BECso-IPUATrr was the son of Aphiash,
promised  Adonijah  that shc would or Abiah, and grandson of Beeher. 1st
speak to Solomon Gr him.                Sam. ix: i, anmd 1st Chron. vii: 8.
And in confi)rmity witl her pLroiise,
she went to her sotn with the petition. BEDAD — [Bedad,] aloze, in frien dSolomoo  reesivecd her vrey cordially   7     f sbf2.
and seated helr beside himn as hie sat on    BELDAD was the father of H-adad, the'
ihis tihrone.   Sbh tthen infornmed him  Kin7  of Edcomn.  G-en. xxxvi: 35, and
that shte lhad a pet-etion to ask or him, lst Chron. i: 46.
andc true to the -promise sle had Imance
the petitioner, she put it in a very BEDAN — B[./dan, ] only, in  the
strong fo-arm,  She endeavored to eom- cotr6n9'ne 2n.
}mit the I.ing to s fa-or able ann;xwer in   There is a person of this name reCpresenting it,'for she thosught it a r1 a-  fcrred to amion  the   orthy judges of
soneable rietc.    But SDOlomon  did iot irnl,     1st Sam. xii:11, where the
thus  look at the rjeques IUt.  lc thoishilt pyrol)seot is reproving )rsael for their inhe saw in it a piot a oib  cldethlsoninqg hI,   gratitiu de and disobedience, and gives a
and tusur ping the kineg'doas, cd  hence  sumisnary of tLheir history.  It is supSolomon pass-ed judgu ment upon sim s  as posed by s-ome t lhat the Bedan mena traitor and hLad h im cexneuted onde.-i  tsioned thee  reerlfers to Barak, who, also-at >hieai  in be'n;, the mo'ither  of ciat;r]e wi1th )oberahl conquered Jabin,
Solomon, woao hionorede,'r  i ie ws the th  the King of Caaamn.  Others suppose
wisest of men and of kings.             it rers c    to Samson;  and still others
Gthink it refers to Jair, who judged IsBAZ LITI.                               rael twesit'y-tylhree years.  Judges, x: 3.
Th7e ch-ildrcen of Bazlith were asisomng
tlc Nethinisi WrlO returned firom Bab- EBE-]LADA —[Me     -e —i'an-dah
ylon with Zerub3l abel.  Noh vii: 54.      BELT:ADA was the son of Dasvid,
bosn unto hil  in Jerusalem.  1 st
BEA  LAP-[Be-a-li'al.                    Chron.  xiv: 7. He is also called Elack.
BEAL4I Ai,   a  Beinjamite who wenr  2d Sam. v: 16.
over to David when he was at Ziklag.
1 st C l on. xii: 5B  IERA- [e-ei'ah.]
BEERA was the sosn of Zq)hah, of
PBTE'Al, l-H[  l /a-i.]                 the tribe of Asher. 1st Chron. vii: 37.
His sons, to the nuimsber  of 629, returned from Babylon wit-h Zerubbabel.  BEERA_ 1.
Neh. vii: 16.  And at a later period,   BEA.nsi   was a prince of the Re-abeitwenty-eight of themni under Zecha-riah, ites, carried aw by by TilgathL Pilneser.
returned   itih  Ezra.  Ezra, viii: 11. 1st Chron. v: 6.
And we are furt:her inforimed that four
of his fmiuilv took o reign wives —Ezra,  BEEI,  1- H[B c-ri
x: 28; and probably one o f them    B rxrMI was the father of Judith, one
sealed tile covenant with Nehemniah, of the wives of Esau.  Gen. xxvi: 34.
for the narme occurs there. Neh. x:
15.                                     B PEEBI, 2- [Be'ri.]
BEE.iR   was the father of the proBEBAI, 2-[Bel/'`a-i.]                   phet Hosea.  Hosea, i:1.
- BEBAT was the father of the  eeha- B EL — Ancient, nwothiZg, ssbject to
riah who is referred to sbove, and was       change.
the leader fromn nBabylon of the twenty-   BEL, the Chaldean idol, Bel or Baal.
eight men.  Ezra, viii: 11.             Some think it was intended to represent




BEL                  1190] B[EL
Nimriod, the mighty hunter and the his nails were like birds claws, and the
founder of the empire.  Others think hair of his head like eagles' feathers.
it was intended to represent Pul, the I-Te feared not God, but ildulged in
1ing of Assyria.  We have our account wickedness.  lie forgot that the God
in Isa. xlvi: 1, and Jer. 1: 2, and ii: that had leveled his f'ither with the
44, of the existence of this idol at the beasts could tarnish his crown, and blast
time that Cyrus and Darius took Baby- his hopes.
ion. TIhe monstrous image was raised   The account of his reign, as the king
a'ndl  ruined.  "I el boweth down," &c. of Babylon, is not very extensive.  Du.Bei ie  confounded, " &c. The image ring his first year, Daniel had a vision
wa.v  bro ught into utter and absolute wl i ich represented the revolution of
con-temnpt.                            governments in the future.  Ancd again
during the third year, Daniel had viBELA, 1 —[BY-'-lah.]                   sions which set forth the events that
BELA wan the son of Beor, and a king were shortly to come to pass in the
in the land of Edom, "before there nmonarchies of Persia and Greece.  By
reino1ed any king over the children of this vision Daniel was prepared for the
israel.'"  Thle city over which  Bela overthrow of the kingdom lh   e was lecd
reigned was Dinhabah.  At his death to see that: the destruction of Babylon
hoe was succeeded by Jobab, the son of was) not very distant.  In Dan. v, we
Zerah, of Bozrah.  Gen. xxxvi: 31-33.  have the destruction of Babylon narrated, and the downfall of her monarch.
B3ELA, 2 —[Be'-lah.]                   "Belshazzar made a great feast, to a
BELA was of' the tribe of Benjamin. tllousand of his lords, and drank wine
and1 thoe head of the fam'ily in that tribe before the thousand.''   Cyrus, the  ercalled Belaites.  Num. xxvi: 38.       sian conqueror, knew of this feast prob/ably, and as he was engaged with1 n
r           [XA1 U iL'-al ]M           ariiy then in besieging Balbylon, he
BELArx  wns thle name of the elder t h o u g h t it would be a good time to
son of Benjamin, and he with his bro- cone upon them  for conquest.  lHe
thers were reclconed with the Gfmily of managed ingeniously.  H-is stratagem
Jacob,  as the ieckoning is given in G-en. succeeded, and on the night of Belshazxlvi: 21.  It is lilkely they were born zar's feast the city was captured.
during the se enteen year; that Jaco')   This feast of Belshazzar was, probatscjourned in EBypt. ~ The names of his bly, a national annual feast in honor oT
blcthers were Beeher and AL-hbel, Gera the golden imnage which Nebuchadnezand NaaZman, Ehi and PRosh, Muppin  zar set up in tle lplains of Dora.  Beland Huppim, and Ard.                   shazzar not only dranik wine before the
thousand, indulged in drunlkenness and
BELSHTAZZAR-[Bel shaz'ar,]?,as- revelry, hut lie added to that sacrilege
tcr of the treasure.               by ordering that the golden vesseS,
BEULsIAzzZ.AR was a king of Babylon. which had ibeen taken fronm Jerusalem's
l-ie wans probably the grandsaon of the temlipe and placed in the temple of Befamou:s Nebuchadnezzar, for it is said in iLus in Babylon, be brought out, and us;ed
Daniel, v: 18, "0, thou king, th e on the occasion.  These vessels were
mo:st high God gave Nebuchadnezzar, holy, they had been consecrated to God,
thly father, a kingdom and moajesty, and and for a long time used in the Jerusaglory and honor." And he w.as the last lem  temple service.  But Belshazzar
king of Babylon; for in his fall the king- orders theni brought into the banquetdomn was divided, as it was declared in ing roomi, that he and his princes, his
the handwriting upon the wall it shonuld wives, and his concubines, imight dlrink
be, and given to the 5Medes and Per- wv i n e therein.  The anger of t he
sians..S                                Almighty waxed hot against himn, andC
He had the experience of his father, lhe determined to destroy him. The
Neuchadnezzar, in which were ionme vial of God's wrath was filled and the
to rr i bhi y instructive lessons, but he avenging angel ready to pour it out.
heeded them not.  He knew how hi:,   While Belshazzar was engaged in his
father had. been hunmbled by the God drunkenness revelry, debauchery and
of Heaven, in being compelled for seven sacrileae,, while he was drinking wine
long years to eat grass like an ox, until from those sacred vessels to his gods of




BEL                  [91]                BEL
silver and gold, there came forth the from the bed of the river that ran under
fingers of a man's hand and wrote upon the walls and throuLgh the city by means
the plaster of the wall, over against of a canal, and marched a part of his
him. the awful characters that told of army in the bed of the river under the
his fall and of Babylon's destruction. walls and into the city.  Taking posBelshazzar looked at the fingers as they session of Babylon, he opened the gates
traced the writing, and his countenance of brass and broke in sunder the bolts
was changed.  It was ominous to him  and bars of iron that fastened them.
of coming ill.  The joints of his loins The voice of alarmll from a terrified peowere loosed and his limbs trembled, ple was soon heard mingled with the
they smote one against the other.  But clangor of arms, the shrieks and groans
he longed to know the meaning of the of the wounded and dying, all coolcharacters, and he called for the astrol- inngled with the shouts and rejoicing
ogers, and the Chaldeans, and t h e of a victorious enemy.
sooth-sayers.  They came at his call,'In that niht was Belshazzarxsa1n."
looked at the writing, but that was all, It was not long after the victorious foe
for they could not read it, nor tell its entered Babylon, until the soldiers had
meaning. The king was troubled about made their iay along her streets, lekavit, disa[ppointed andcd dissatified with his ing cdevasta.tion  and death in their way
wise men.  At ICtllth Daniel was called to the palace of the ling.   They entered
in, unider the advice of the q u   e  ii the illuminated mainsion in searci of
motiher. He read the writin,  and ogave him and his great mnen. Hoe may have
thje interpretation thereof.  The words tried to hide himself, but lie couldc fi nd
were few, but they were full of terri- no place su5-iciently secret for concealble imeoning.  "  ene, mene, Tekel, ment, or sufficiently strong to protect
phasin,' Dan. v: 25. Daniel went him.  He is slain!   Iis pomp and
on to give the interpretation as follows: glory hlave gone.  The mantle of deatlh
Celi eoe, Go  hath nunimbered thy king- is,pon blim. His royal robes are rent
dom and finished it; Tekel, thou art and stained with his own blood.  Fromn
weigheld in the balances and art found his baechanalian debauchery he is hlurwauting; Peres, thy kingdom  is divi- ried into the presence of the Kin-,  of
dled and given to the iModes and Per- Kings. His unprepared spirit is cazlled
sTanS.                                 to,taxnd in thle presence of a thrice holy
This interpretation inust have fallen God, with stains of the blackest dye
upon the ear of the mgoilty Belshazzar upon it. The prophet Is:aiah in chlapter
like a heavy peal of thunder from  a xiv represen ts the kingdom through the
midnight fstOlm cloud.  But Daniel, the reigns of Nebuchadtezsar, Evil Meroserv~ant of the living God, had read the daehi and Belshazzar.  HIe represents
writing  and fearlessly given the niean- Nebuch-adnezzar "a serpent," Evil
ing and was entitled to the honor the 1Merodach  "a cockatrice," and Belking had promised. Belshazzar gave shazzar "a fiery flying serpent. "  "ocommand, amid the solemn stillness of joice not thou, whole lalestina, because
thie ccasion, " and they clothed Daniel the rod of him that smnote thee is browith scarlet and put a chain of gold ken: for out of the serpent's root shall
about his neckl, and umade a proelama- come forth a cobkatrice, and his fruit
tion conelerning hirn, that he should be shall be a fiery flying serpent. "  HIere
the third ruler in the kingdom."  This we have the grand-father, father and
was probably the last public act of Bel- the son represented.  The delineation
shazzar, for on that night was he clain. would seem to show that Belshazzar
After Daniel had retired from his pres- was the worst of the three.  It is quite
enle with the royal apparel upon him, certain that his father and his grandand the authority of third ruler, then fither never made such a use of the
Be!eshazzar sat with his courtiers, stupi- captured temple vessels as he made of
fled with wine and horror-stricken by them on the night he was slain.
the revelations that had been made
Unto him. He waited in awful sns- BELTESHAZZAR — [Be!-te-shaz/-ar,]
pense the coming judgments, and he         who lays up treasures i'n secret, secdid not have to wait long, for the besieg-  cretly endures pain andcl pleasure.
ers had entered the city.  Cyrus the   BELTESIHAZZAR was the name given
conqueror had drawn away the water by the plince of the Euaruchs to Daniel,




13EEL                192]                 BEN
at tie'sre time le,cave the three le-  captain of his body-guard, his own privy
v;rew  childrien a  taby!on name.  Daniel counsellor, and confided to him. secroecs
reta_-Zed the name of Belteshazzar -all suuch as no other one was lmadoe ac-.
thIronugh his long life and service in the quainted with. He was afterward mace
kilngdonm.  Dan. i: 7, and Dan. x: 1.  commander of the troops of Solollon;
for ie slew, under- the direction of that
3EN.                                     hing,  Joafb, the general of'David's
BE. was a Le rite of the second de- army,T and Adonijah,  who sought to be
l'roe, and one of the sacred porters ap- kinbg,'when he had fled to the altar, and
nroint'ed by David for the  ark.  1st was appointed in lis, tead.    e pro bahronu. xv::18.                        bly continued with Solomon for many
years, and execuxted his commands as
BEN  VIaA      I        1 a —[ Be-a yat,    soan. of  he hald tnose of David his ~ather.
th e Lo-c11 the Lord'S b~iGding.
BIE.,-I,   the   l o  on o f Jeioa da,  was PEaTN l l'  %ac o3"f IcEJrn,'hfe
OneO Of t avid s vianiut meni a,d captain   Lord's bu ilclrg.
f his gunards  -ie was of the priest-   PENAISmT, the"Pitralt.ionite,   was the
hood by birth, and a mfan of grreat valor. captain of thle 0eleenthl month, wlenit
92d  aulml xx: 2:': Now Joab u'ria:: over David instituited the monthly servaice of
ii thls hosts of Israel; and Benliiah, calptains over twenty-fcour tiousand,
the Ison of JehoitdaIl,  w as over the C0her- i eno.  lst Caron. xxvii: 14.
ethlites tlnd over the Polethite's. "   TWe
lha.ve an account of his position in the BENAMITT EId —[Ben-aflalimi,] the s'o,f
kim,gdoil of Davild, a'nd a record of hits   my, peopl.
Wmontcer - deeds inI 1Et h ron. xi' 22-'25.   N x,   was one of the two esns of
Ti         csle  cfstwonderful deed he ois sai  to Lot1, e'otten of his dauighiers wlhile
haveo perfbrmed is,  oHe slow two lion- thiey dwelt tog etler in the cave ink the
lik  u1en of   oas B3''b y this'Y e may nmountains beyond Zon r.  He wias the
nu'so'sta nd(-d h a>.e.~, f oIr fiht two princesa  son of' the younor  aSu,hter, cani1 was
or iobleS c    loah     Oii orf eCnow.-. tloe, pio.uCinioa di tile etaic-n no-tion
wh oo Welk'r     O  to'4on  lions0 1;, —and of tie A           eonite. GeCn. xiz: 38.
slew them.  The next act narrated is,'He  wi nt Coo'n nd FlOew,    ion sin  BLP NHADD A I   [B-en-la/'dad,1 the
pit ian  snowy day.   Jo sephTus, in his sIi  e of Lacdcrad,  of zoise.
a"COfunl, cc tor.;i act o~ Benaiah, rep"  iA   " mentioned as fc  conl of  arlscOts hin  as going —attracted by the -'- on, and kin gLi of  ia, rn 1   Kings,
noise of the lion which had fallen into xv: 18, who came to the assistIaneiO  of
a pit-to the mnouth of the pit to  slmite   Fa.sa, the king of J'udah, when Asm wa.s
the ani-lal. A strquggl con menced Ie- co-ntending with Baasha, kIain of Israel.
tween the valorous u man and the foe PPBaasha had built and foiitiiied the
clous b-east. Benaiah smote hinr., as hoe city ofr Rarlh and had imposed greatly
strsggled, with ac stalke that lay there, uponss king,- Asa aCnd his snutijects by preand iranme-0atcelv slew him.'ventin' theim1from1  comiineg ontt or going
T2he next act narrated is, " He slew  in. He sent; a present to Benhadaz  and
an Egyptian, a maan of great stature, so securied a renewal of the leagie,befive cubit, high; and in the E-gyptian',  tween thei!t'nazthers.  HeI seeuredl the
hand w  a, spear like a weaver's bean; attention and services of Benhadasl, and
and he went down to him vith a  a staff  Baasha was made to fy fro-  P, a-imah.
and plucked the spear out of the Egyp- It is supposed, by sone, that this Brtian's han d, and sl ew hin with his ovn hadad was Hadad, the' dmonite, wtro
spear."  This Egyptian was, probably, rebelled agailnst king Solomon.  The
froxa his height a2s givenive ceubtits —  rebellion is noticed in lIst Kings, xi: 25,
seven feet and six inches high.  And  "'Ad he was an adversary to Israel, all
Benaiah went down to hin simply with the days of Solomnon."
a, staff, and so'dextrously used his staff
as to render the sword of the Egyptian BENTAHABD- 2-The son of alczdad,
of no avail.  Finally in the contest he      of noise.
got possession of the sword or spear,   BENPim     XrAA   the king of Syria, wvas
and with it killed the Egypt-ian.  As a a son of the fo.r-er, and like him, the
reward for his valor;,  cvid made him  enemy of the kingdom  of Israel.  He-l




BEN                  [93J                  BEN
_made war upon Ahuab,      ast ws defeated. exult as he tCa,,t has been in balttle, and
We have an account of this war in the conquered, and retirned fromn his confirst part of Ist Kings,  xx., At the quest laden witlh laurels."
time  hq made the proposition for war    Vhn the messcngers came this time
upon Ahab, there were thirty-tywo kings friom the king of Israel to deliver their
or tributary chieftains, associated with message, Benhadnd was indm  gigma  with
him.  First verse,  "And there were the kings, that were his helpers, in
thirty and two kings with him, and drinking in the pavilions.  -le heard
horses and chariots: and lie went up and the message, and gave orders to his sobesiegel  Samaria, and warred against dies to iiprepare for battle.  About ths.   Camping with his vast army near time a prophet appronched  tAhab, and
the capitol of Aab's kingdom, Benha-  informed c   i hi  that ia the conlisng  battle
dadc sent imensengers to the kinog  with he should have a victory.  And the
the inmulting declaration, "'thy silver prophet bade him-  put'mesellf imn
an,  thy gold is mine; thy wives,  aso,  chrn-e of the younI   men, of the prinand t1hy childen, even the good!test are ccs of the provinces.  There were tio
mine.                                    hcundred  and thirty-t-wo of them.   They
Whether Ahab, by his  Ianswer, in- were proba bly the okin's Own. regimc n',
tencded to humble himsielf' beforee  en-  or theroyal guard.  After thish licnmilaidad, by ac'knowledging the truthof  lered the people for war, and thre
lism declarati on, we can hardly tell.  - Ic wee eseven thousand of them.   Benhasaid: "liy lord, (, king, according to dad heard of their approach and gave
thy sa3png, all that   halve is thine, and ordcrs fhath they be taken alive, for  ce
Ia s- hila.                          w,,as quite conmfident of victory. But ia
Benhaidal  evidently was not satisfied -this he was miistaken, cbr, under tihe
with his answer, and enit to him by his direction of'.cAham,  who was himdself
m    nlesseg ers  a second  tinme.  In the c      e1r e tbat-l, the psiincc  and ac'
cnd he nade thce tr:net thla  on the mthe solders, ew,, every one his mtim,
morrow ie  aould besiee  the city andI and the  irians in alarm,  ed bile
tnfer tanga thIe royal treasurers, and  cithem, and Bnhacd sav ned h imsellf only
the wsvces  and children of the king, hlie by scapi   oni a horse with the horsewould deliver up the whole to be pil- men.
laged by Lis soldiers.  The kiJng made   It vwas not long until Benhadad dekinow:  this viessage to the elders of termiled to iusht with the king of israel
Israel  and demanded of them  advice. agains, anc the,ame prolhet that had
They semced to have no hesitancy in given instractuonbIefir, informed Ahab
givsin~ their counse!, and all the people of his dcec'rmination ancl bade limm be
joinod with them  in it.  They; said,  careful and prepare to nmeet his enrny.
with  one voice unto Ahab, "lcHearken  Benhalded gathered together a mighty
not VIto him, nor consent."              army at Apses  and. determined~ to con
lime elders of Israel felt th1at they had quer the king of Isrel..hey Ifugh',
everything at stake, and they preferred and Ahab killed a hundred thousani'd of
to make a desperate emfort at defense, Benheahedd' men. The sc that were no
rather than tamely yield to such degrs- killed fied to the city, and the wUall H![
daition and ruin as wouldc come upon upon twent-y -seven thousand men, thus
thiemi,,if they fell into th hinids cf comp letey clfenn a          tinheSyrans. BenSyria.                                  hadad fld  to hide himself i an n  inner
Benhadad replied sharply to this chammlber.  ie wassoughtfor, probably,
news brought hlin by the messengers. but ineiffectually. And wven it became
"The gods do so to ime, and more necessaryfor  him to comme from his hidalso, if the dust of the city shall suffice ing place, an insge ni o u s stratagenm
for the handfuls of aill the people that availed.   The servants of Benhadad
follow me."  The meaning of thhis dee- girded themscelves with sackceloth and
haration of Benhadad  wcas,  I  w is 11 put ropves on their headsc, and canme to
bringimech an army into Samariaas v ill the king of Israel to sound him  as to
fill up the whole city." Ahab answered bis feelings towards their miiasnter.   They
to that,'"Let not him that girleth on begged for  enhadad's!i lfe.  Ahab not
his harness boast himself as he tIhat only grantcd their request but ganve the
puittoeth it off."  The meanin     of it is coaqucred  kin  of Syi  th  geat'I' Let not -him  th    ei at got outto bmattle libeusy, sind restored un to hihn hi s erow.




BEN                 [94]               BEN
wpon certain conditions. I-e took Ben- it was, yet nevertheless he should die.
iladad up into his chariot, accepted his This appeared paradoxical, but the
proposition to restore to hinm the cities prophet soon informed Hazael that he
which his father had taken from Ahab's would be the murderer of Benhadado
father.  They too made a covenant, It was not long after this until Hazael
and Benhalad returned to his palace returned to the palace and gave to
and throne.                          Benbadad what purported to be the
Twelve years after this Benhadad language of the prophet regarding his
again declared war against Israel.. At case, and the next day he set hilself
this time Jehoram, the son of Ahab was to accomplish his designs. " fHe took
his successor. We have the account in a thick cloth and dipped it in water
2d Kings, vi. The prophet Elisha was and spread it over his face so that lle
then in Israel, and when Benhadad died,' and as Elisha had Dredicted
plotted for the destruction of Israel, this Hazael reigned in his stead.' Benhaprophet gave the information and so dad died, then, froml being smlothered
thwarted his designs.                or suffocated. 2d Kings, vii.
The Syrian kiug began to suspect'there was a traitor in his own camp. BENEHADAD 3- Thle so, of IHacdad.
I-te was informed by one of his serv-    of nzoisC.
ants that it was not a Syrian soldier   lie was the son. of Hazeal, who had
th-at was giving this information, but murdered the former king of Syria,
Elisha the prophet.  Benhadad soon and he succeedec   his father as the
learned that Elisha, was at Dotham, king of Syria. 2d Kings, xiii: 24: "So
and he sent a company of his soldiers Hazeal, king of Syria, died and Bento take himi; but the soldiers we re c hadad, his'son, reigned in his stead."
stricken with blindness, and were un-  During the reign of Benhadad Jehoable to distinguish him  from  other ash recovered firom him all that Hazeal
-men. They talked with him and did had taken from Israel. Jehoash denot know it. He led them into Sama- feated him in three several engageria, into the midst of their enemies, merits, and compelled him to surrender
but yet Benhadad was not humbled, all the country beyond Jordan. 2d
and did not cease his opposition to Kings, xiii::5: "' hbree times did
Israel. After this Benhadad went up Joash beat i.m and recover the ci ties
and besieged Samaria, until the direst of Israel."9
want was experienced.  The city was
reduced to the greatest extremity. A  BENHIAIL- [Ben- ha,'il]
sad representation of its condition was
given to King Jehoram by a woman   BENHAIL, w th several others, was
who applied to him  for help. The sent by King Jehosaphphat to various citday before she had eaten her own son. ies of his dominions in order to instruct'The king was greatly hulmbled, but he the people,-to cill them  baek fiom
charge d the calamities they were en- their wanderings from God, and to reduring to the prophet Elisha. Elisha claim them from the idolatry into which
prophesied of plenty, and his predic- they had fallen.  We have an account
t'ion was fulfilled the next day, by the in 3d Chron. xvii: 7-10, of th-1e king
Syrian army becoming frightened and appointing Benhail, Obadiah, Zechadeserting Samaria, or their camp near riah, Nethaneel and Miehaiah, with a
it, leaving a large amount of provis- number of Levites and priests, to this
ions and arms and garments in the way important work of reforming the idolas they fled. ~2d King, vii.         atrous people. It was an establishment
A few months after this Benhadad on the part of Jehoshaphat, of an itinerfell sick and sent his servant to Elisha ant ministry, that was to serve in all
the prophet with some valuable pre- the cities of Judah; and they did their
sents to ask, "shall I recover of this worlk faithfully, producing the most
disease?"  The servant's name w a s beneficial results. This itinerant minHazael.  Hazael came to Elisha with istry exerted not only a good effect upon
his presents and informed him that Judah, buat upon all the nations around
his nmaster had sent and wished to them, inasmuch as they respected the
know of him. whether the disease was king and made no war upon him; and
curable.  Elisha's words seem to say the Philistines and Arabians brought




BEN                 [95]               BEN
voluntary tribute, silver, or presents Joseph was torn by his cruel brethren
of silver, and flocks of sheep and from the fatlher's side, and the society
goats.                               of his smaller brother, Benjamin, as
the only son of Rachel, was doubly
BENhIANAN- [Bena-hanan.]             dear to Jacob.
IBENHANAN was a son of Shimon, in   When the famine prevailed in Cathe land of Judea, and of the line of hnan, and when he sent his sons down
Judah.  1st Chron. iv: 20.           to Egypt to buy corn, Joseph, the
brother of Benjamin, was iorid of the
BENI-UR.                             land. One of the first things thait he
BLN ITJR iS called the son of HIur. thought of on seeing hisbrothers was
1st Kings, iv: 8. I-le was one of the the boy BenjamiTn that he used to play
twelve officers that provided eatables with, and he asked themi of their
for King "Soloimon and his household. other brother. Hle then required of
(The following are the names of the them1  that they bring thfat othlicr
others:  Bendekar, Boenlesed, Bena- brother with them the next time they
binadab, Baana, Benleber, Ahinadab, came down into Egypt, and they did.
Ahinaaz, Baanah, Joeloshaphat, Joseph looked upon  Benjamin,  and
Shimei, ancd Geber).  These officers knew  him.  But Benjamin did not
served each one mlonth in a year ill know  his brotheri.  I-e was but a
futrnishing the king's table.        small boy 7v' en the cruelty of his
brothers parted  t hen   i and he lhad
BEN]INU-[Ben-i'nu.]                  learned to thinlk of Joseph as deadtorn by w1ld be-asts. By a stratagem,
BENIN'T, a Levite, who was engaged Jocoph c!e de s   lBejaein,  allowing
with Nehemiah in sealing the cove- the otheri-, to go their wtay if they
natL. Nlh.Ne.: 13.                  would, but they woulcl not.
ThIerc haId be en to tihemn a strange
BENJAMIN, l-[B[enja-min,] the manaIgemelt on the part of the govson of the right hantd.         e0rnor o O Egypt, in supplying' theml all
at his table, hiimsef serving thoen, a nd
BENJAMIN was the youngest son of givi'ng to Benjamin  a mess five tihixes
Jacob and R achoel, and the full a>s large as to any of themn and his
brother of the illuLstrious Joseph. language to Benjamin wvlen they first
17-1is mother died at his birth, and introduced him  was peculiar.'Good
dying, she called him  Benoni, i. c., be gracious- to thee muy son."  But
the son of my sorrow; but Jacob, now  Benjamin is accused anld confrom  some cause or other, was not victed, and he proposes to detain
willing that this should be his name. hinm.  Judah plead for him  in the
It may be that Jacob objected to it most eloquent strains, and with his
because of the import of the naame as speech so touched the tender chords
given above. Thie naiime would have of Joseph's heart, that he could hide
been a constant menmorial to him of his relationship no longer. 1e-I affechis beloved IRachel's death for he had tionately emnbraced his brother Benjaloved Rachel with his first love, which mmin, and disabused his nind as to the
was so strong that the years hle served fate of his brother Joseph.
for her seemed but days. And though   Soon Jacob and his whole Lfamily
Leah was an atniable womnan, yet his were living in Egypt, in Goshen, the
att'.achments were strong for Rtachel. fat of the land. And day after day
-He loved Leah': with a less love."  It the two brothers, Joseph  and Benjawas hard for Jacob to part w i t h min, were pernmitted to see each other,
Rachel, and as she gave'birth to this and enjoy each other's society.
son while dying, he may have been   Benjamin  married when  q u i t c
unwilling that the name B c n o n i young, for he was a young mnan when
should be settlecd upon him, lest it he was the father of ten sons. Their
would keep constantly before his mind names are given in Gen. xlvi: 21, five
the throes of dissolving nature in the of whom we will find by tracing out
case of her departure.               their history, died childless. An d yet
Jacob called himn Benjamin, i. e., Benjamin becanme the head of a pow"the son of the right hand."  When erful tribe called the Beljamites.




BEN                  [96]                 BER
BENJAlIIN, 2- iThe son of the yight take from  a thlread even to a shoe
hand.                             l1Istchet;  arnd bhat I STill not take anly-'Tas a  ie.an of the tribe of Benja- thin'  tuhl   at is thine, lest thou shouldst
ilin, aInL th e head of a fam; ely of War- s iay,  I  ave made Abram  rich.'"    e
1r.osQ.!Lst Chron. vii: 10.          would have all hiS wealt-h then possessed, as well as his fuiture w-ealth atElTNJAU    [N, 3-The son of tihe iyghZt tributed to Jehovahi.
Was one of' the sonil of  a-Iriml, an BERACJ-H1A- -[Ber-a'-' kah,] b I c ssIsraelite, who lived at the time of         tyg.
E'-zra  and wRh several others, had C      ERACHi-T TaS  e, Benjamite, Who
~married a foreign wif.   Ezra x: 32.   cttaheChd himself to David at Zikleag.
1st Chron. xii: 3.
IENO-[Be'no.    ]
BEEIRAIAH —[Ber-a-i'ah.]
BxNO  was one of the ministers in    B ERAIAT-I was the son of Shimhi2
the temple, under the order of service a chief manlof Benjamlin.  1st Chron.
i-nstituted  by  David.  1st C hron n. viii: 21.
xxiv: 27.
BEREC~][HAlI, 1-[Ber -e — ki'ah.]
BERA- [Be/'-ah.,]                         BERECrTOIIvI was one of the sons of
Zeraubbabel, and a descendant of the
B3ERA was the kingr of Sodomi, uonml royal line of Judcah. 1st Chronicles,
whom Chedoriaomer and his allies mnade iii: 20.
war.  Gen. xiv: 2.   "These  uacde
war with Bera, kiLn  of Sodom, and BEREECHIAFT, S.
with Birsha, king of GISomonrra, Shinab,   Is mentioned as the father of Mekin, of Adcnoab, andl Shemeber, kIing shullamn, who assisted in rebuilding
of Zeboim, and t.he king of Bela whiich  the walls of Jerusalem.  NTeh. iii: 4.
is Zaar."    f b seems that these five
Canaanitish kings had ll een for twelve BERPECHFIAH, 3.
years so far tsulbduced as to 3be compelled    WTas a Levite, of the line -of E"
to pay tribute'o their concrueror, but nah.  1st Chron. ix: 16.
being desirolus to obtain their liberty
th1Zy revolted in the thiirteenth yearT. BERECEHIA, 4.
In consequence of which Chedorlaomer   Was a door-keeper of the ark,  lst
su-nmuoned to his assistance three of his Chron. xv' 23.
inbdued kingdoms, and invaded Canaen, andcl discofited these five kings, BEgRECHI 11A,   5.
and Ipiliaged their cities arnd took many    Was one of the chief m-len in the
prIsoners.  Lot, Abram's nephew lived tribe of Ephraim, in the time of King
in Sodom, and he ancd his fmily and Ahaz.  2d Clhron. xxviii: 12.
their goods were, taken.  As soon as
Abr, am  learned  it, ""he armed his BEREC HIIAI-, 6.
tr aine  servants, born in his own house,   Was the father of Asalph, a -singer.
three hundred and eighteen, and pur- 1st Chronl. xv: 17.
suled  theim  unto Dan.   Thouonh the
a.rmy of these kings was large, and they BEREC   1A-h, 7.
elated witLh victory, et AbramL attaeked'Was t:he faither of the prophet Zeeh
them  and conquer'ed them, and recov- arlahu.  Zech. i: 1.
ered all the baeg-age with the prisoners.
-He recovered -froml the enemy Lot ancld BE3RED- [.e'Yed.   ]
hlis family, and the people.  OnI his re-   This was a son or descenda-nt of
turn, Bera the king of Sodom went out Ephran. s1L t Chron. vii: 20.  He is
to meet him, and he proposed to the thougoht to be the satne  person  as
patrr nrch to take to himself as a reward   echer, in N[aul. xxvi: 35.
for his valor the whlole booty.  "Give
me the perscnsu  and take the goods to BER-[Be'ri.]
thyself."  But Ab-am ru,fsed an y part   iWals the son of Zophahl, of the tribe
of it.  He said to Ben,, "I  wil no f hert o1t Crohe. t         ii: 36.




BER                 [971               BEZ
BERIAHI-[Be-ri'ah.                  I death she married Polemron, king of
Was one of the sons of Asher, and Pontus, but did not continue long with
a grandson of Jacob. IHe is reckoned him. She was very strongly attached
with the souls belonging to Jacob's to her brother Agrippa, with whom she
famlly in Egypt during the seventeen probably staid.
years he sojourned there, Gen. xlvi: 17;
is referred to in the genealogy of Asher BESAT- [Be'sa.]
in Ist Chronicles, vii: 30, and was the   The children of this person were
father of Heber and 3Malehiel. Ile among the Nethenims who returned to
was the head of the famluily in the tribe Judea with Zerubbabel.  Ezra, ii: 49,
of Asher called Beriites. Numbers, Neh. vii: 52.
xxvi: 44. Thlere was also a Beriah
of the children of Joseph, of the tribe BESODEIAH-[Beso-di'ah,]
of Ephraim, referred to in 1st Chron.   The father of Iteshullalm, one of the,
vii: 23. Whioen he was born his father builders of the walls of Jerusalem,.
called his name Beriah, "because it under Nehemiah.  Neh. iii: 6.
went evil with his house," and still
another in the posterity of Benjamin. BETHUEL, 1 —[Beth-u'el,] filtation,
1st Chron. viii: 13.                     of God.
BETHUEL was the father of Nahor
BERNICE - [Beiriice,1 one that and Milcah, and the cousin of Abrabrings victory.                  hamz. He was also the fa ther of Laban.
and Rebekah.  Gen. xxii: 23.  It is
BERNICE was the daughter of Agrip- probable that Bethuel was dead before
pa the Great, and the sister of Agrippa Eleazar went to the city of Nahor in
his son, of whom we have an account search of a wife for Isaac; for we hear
in Acts, xxv. Paul delivered his noble nothing about him  in the conference
defense before Festus and King Agrip- that resulted in Abraham's servant sepa, and Bernice.  She sat beside her curing Rebekah as a wife for his mnnsbrother when in the presence of an as- ter's son. Laban and his brother Besemlbled multitude he permitted the thueld consulted with Eleazar, and
persecuted apostle to speak for himself. granted him his desire, when Eleazar
She listened attentively to the address gave presents to Rebekah, her brother,
of Paul, in which he related his won- and her mother. Gen. xxiv.
derful conversion, and his experience as   Padan-aram was called the country of
a minister of Christ. She heard the Bethuel long after be was dead; for
noble Festus cry out with a loud voice, when Isaac blessed Jacob, lie sent him
interrupting the apostle in his defense, there to secure from the family of Be"' Paul, thou art beside thyself! Much thuel his mother's father a wife.  And
learning hath made thee mad."  And Jacob married the two daughters of
a little while after she heard her brother Laban. Gen. xxix.
Agrippa say, "Almost thou persuadest
me to be a Christian."  And no doubt BETHUEL, 2-Filication of God.
she had some of the same feelings that
moved them  to the language given   BETHUEL was the son of the formler,
above.  Bernice was associated with as we have already supposed; and in
the king and the governor in passing company with Laban, the elder brother,
opinion upon the case. And when he he heard the account of Eleazar's or(Paul) had then spoken, the king rose rand, and the circumstances that had:
up, and -the governor and Bernice, and attended him  and the two brothers
they that sat with them; and when said, "The thing proceedeth from the.
they had gone aside they talked be- Lord: we cannot speak unto thee bad'
tween themselves, saying, "This man or good."  Gen. xxiv: 50.
doeth nothing worthy of death or of
bonds."                              BEZAI-[Be'-zai.]
History informs us that Bernice was
first married to Mark, the son of Alex —   The children of Bczai, to the numander, governor of the Jews at Alexan- her of three hundred  and twenty —
dria. Afterward she married her uncle three, returned from  captivity with:
Herod, king of Chalcis; and after his ZerubbaTel.  Ezra, ii: 17.
7




BEZ               B[91                BIG
BEZALEEL-[ Be-za-lea-el,] in the erection of the tabernacle of the consh]aclow of God.                gregation, and tile ark of testimony,
and the mlercy seat that covered it,
BEZALEEL, son of Uri, was of the and the cherubims at each end of the
tribe of Judah, and Aholiab the son mercy seat. And he made the rings
of Ahisamach, who was his helper, and placed them at each side of the
was of the tribe of Dan. They are ark; and he made the staves and put
brought to our view in connection them into the rings that the priests
with the account we have of tle erec- might bear the ark. He made the
tion of the ancient tabernacle.  In table of shew bread with its vessels.
Ex. xxxviii: 23, 24, we have the fol- IHe made the holy candlestick with
lowing language: "And Bezaleel, the: its six branches and ornaments.  HIe
son of Hur of the tribe, of Judahl, made the golden altar of incense, with
made all that the Lord commanded the anointing oil and its perfumne.
~][oses. And with him was Aholiab, Bezaleel also made the altar of burnt
the son of Ahisamach of the tribe of offering-tlhe laver and its foot. He
Dan, an engraver, a n d a cunning made the court and its pillars and
workman and: an embroiderer in blue, hangings, the sockets for the pillars,
and in purple, and in scarlet, and in and the hooks and their fillets; and
fine linen."                        even the pins that were used to fasten
These two men were noted artifi- it together. The work, unto which
cers, and were called of God, hence God called him, with the assistance
eminently qualified with wisdom  to of Aholiab and the wise men, was all
plan and skill to perform in the erec- performed according to appointment,
tion of the mova-ble temple. It was and it was pleasing to God.
made according to the. pattern showed   In Ex. xxxix: 43, we have. Moses,
Moses in the mount. Froml  Exodus, the leader of Israel, presented to, ouxxxi: 1-11, and from Exodus, xxxv:: view inspecting the work of Bezaleel
30-35, and from the 36th chapter, we when finished. HIe looked, upon it all
learn that Bezaleel was placed with andl compared it with the God-given
Ahboliab as a helper. He is said to be pattern. After examining it closely
"-filled with the spirit of God in wis- at every point, he declared it to be
dom  and in understancling, and in according to the. commandment of the
knowledge, and in all manner of work- Lord-exactly agreeing with the patmanship."  By which we. may under- tern laid before them in the beginning
stand that  he was acquainted with the of the work.  "And Moses blessed
_arts and sciences. lie. was skilled in. them."  He gave them  praise for
ornamental work.  The. tabernacle; their skill and faithfulness. He asitself shows that.  But the wisdom. sured them, in. all probability, that
Bezaleel possessed came from  God. the God of Israel, for whom they had
The genius which he: possessesed was wrought wit l such fidelity, approthe special gift of God, as in the case. bated them  and their 1 a b o r, and
of all wise men. Solomon oexhibited would assuredly reward them.
that genius, even before he offered up
his earnest prayer to God for wisdom:  BEZER.
and even the prayer itself shows that   Was one of the sons of Zophah, and
God had blessed him naturally. And. one of the heads of the-houses of Asher.
the answer to his prayer proves the 1st Chron. vii: 37.
fact that God is the author of wisdom,
and imparts it in an eminent degree BIDKAR-In cornpu? ction, in sharp
to those called to fill important posts,.    pain.
and to perform a special work.        Was a fellow-officer of Jehu, and afUnder the direction of Bezaleel the. ter Jehu's accession to; the throne, his
wise-hearted men, appointed of God captain.  He completed the sentence
through Moses, made the garments on Jehoram, son of Ahab. 2d Kings,
for the priests —the breastplate and ix: 25.
ephod and broidered coat; the mitre
and the girdle. The breastplate of BIGTHA.
judgment, with its Urim and Thum-   Was one of the seven chamberlains
min. H-e was the overseer in the or eunuchs:of Ahasuerus. Est. i:. 1:0.




BIG                [99]              BIL
BIGTIIAN —Giving rmeat.           ~ings in a touching manner, he calls
Was also a chamberlain in the court upon his friends for pity and comof Ahasuerus, and he in company with passion. He expresses his hope in
Teresh conspired against the king's life. the glorious doctrine of the resurrecEst. ii: 21. This conspiracy was de- tion, and closes with a warning to his
teeted by Mordecai, and he with Teresh persecutors to desist,.lest the judgwas hung.  It has been thought that ments of God fall upon them.
they were degraded when Vashti was   In the twenty-fifth chapter, Bildad
deposed, and were seeking revenge by closeshisaddress to Job. This speech,
the murder of the king.            though very short, is more creditable
to him than either of the others.  In
BITGVAI-[Big-va'-i.]                it he celebrates the greatness and
The children of Rigvai to the number goodness of the Divine Being, and
of 2,067 returned from  the captivity his infinite purity.
with Zerubbabel. Neh. vii: 19.        The Almighty called Bildad, with
his companions, to an account for the
B[ILDAD —[Bil'dad,] old fiendship. manner in which they had treated
BILDAD, the Shuhite, one of Job's Job, and in which they had spoken of'three fi ends, named first in Job ii: him.  Job xlii: 7. "My wrath is
11, in connection with Eliphaz and kindled against thee, and against thy
Zophar.  He was a descendant of two friends2 for ye have not spoken,of
Abraham  by Keturah, probably the me the thing that is right, as my
son of Shurah.'He visited Job, as servant Job hath."  They were then
did the others, -when the hand of the commanded to go together to Job, and
Lord was so heavily laid upon him. recognize him in his true character as
Ile looked at Job in his sufferings a servant of the Most tHigh God, and
and distress, and said to himself, through him as a patriarchal priest,
surely he is a noted transgressor, for make a burnt offering, and accompany
God does not punish in such a way, it with prayers and intercession.
except great sinners.  He intimates   Job was to make their offering and'that Job was a deceiver in religion, pray for them. He did this for his
and that it was hypocrisy, the worst sons before they died. 1st chapter,
of all crimes, that God had visited 5th verse, "Job sent and sanctified
him with the sore calamities that were them, and rose up early in the mornupon him. The eighth chapter con- ing and offered burnt offerings accordtains this address. Job answers him  ing to the number of them all."'
in the next chapter. In which ans-   Bildad and his two friends made
wer he acknowledges to the general preparations, offered their seven bultruth of the maxims presented by Bil- locks and seven rams. God accepted
dad, and he confutes the error that the sacrifice, and heard the interhad been presented-that God only cession of Job in their behalf, and
afflicts the wicked.  He maintains forgave them.
that God afflicts the innocent, as well.
as the wicked, and then he maintains BILGAH-[Bil-gah.J
boldly, his own innocence.           Was one of the priests appointed by
Bildad presents another address to David when he divided them  into
Job, 18th chapter, in which he accuses twenty-four orders. His lot was the
Job with impatience and impiety. fifteenth. 1stChron.. xxiv: 14.
He shows the fearful end.of tile
wicked and their posterity, and ap- BILHIAt[I-[Bil'hah.]
plies the whole of his remarks to Job   B i II A 1i was the handmaid. of
whom he threatens with a ruinous Rachel. Uipon Rachel's marriage it is
end. Job answers this as he had aus- said, Gen. xxix:: 29, " Laban gave to
wered the former speech of Bildad. Rachel his daughter, Bilhah his handHe complains severely of the cruelty maid to be her maid.' When Rachel
of his friends, and in a very pathetic saw that she was not blessed with chil-manner, laments his sufferings, corn- dren as was her sister Leah, she gave
plains of his being forsaken by his him Bilhah her maid to be his wife,
relatives and friends, and even by his and when Bilhah bare children Rachel
down wife. After Detailing his suffer- claimed them -as'her children., --'This




BIL                [100J               BOA
woman was the mnother of two of Ja- BISHLAIM.
cob's sons that becamne heads of powv-   Seems to have, been an officer of Arerful tribes. It is; thought by some taxerxes in Palestine at the time of the
that after Rachel died Jacob loved return of Zerubbabel from  captivity.
Bilhah miore than he; loved Leah or Ezra iv: 7.
Leah's maid, who was also given him
to wife, and that Reuben, the eldest BITiH1AFH-[Bith-i/ah,] daughter of
of Jacob's sons, became enraged at        the Lord.
this. Being in sympathy and feeling   This person is represented as the
with his mother Leah, he committed daughter of Pharoah. Some think that
an offense against Bilhah, viz: that of this was the name of the princess who
overturning-her bed —not of incest, as:rescued Moses when an infant, and
is generally understood by Genesis,. who, it is thought. afterwards became~
xxxv: 22.                            a convert to the Israelite -faith, and,
married him whose name is recorded as.
BILHAN-[Bil'han.]                    Mered.  1st Chron.. iv::E.
Was thc son of Ezer and the grandson of Seir the 3Iorite. Ge nesis,  BLASTUS- [Blas'tus,] one thaG
xxxvi: 27.                               sprouts and' brings forth.
BLAsTus  was the chamberlain of
BILSHAN..:King Herod Agrippa. Acts, xii: 20.
Was one of Zerubbabel's companions'The inhabitants of Tyre and Sidon had
on his expedition from Babylon. Ezra offended Herocd until he was very
ti: 2.                               greatly displeased' with them.  They
were quite anxious to have the differIBIMHA, L.                           enee between themn and the king malde
Was one of the sonsof'Japhlet in the up.  In order to effect a reconciliation,
time of Askler. Ist Chron. vii: 33:   they made Blastus their friend, and so,
secured his influence with Herod in
BINEA-[Bin/-e-ao.]                   their favor; and the king granted the
Was one of the sons of Moza, and a deputation an interview with him, that
descendant of Saul.  st Chron. viii: they migiht make their concessions and'
37.                                  express their desire for peace.
B:INNUT, 1-[Bin`-nu-i.jI              BOANERGES - [Bo-a-ner'gez,l  the
Was a Levite, and the afther of No-    sons& of thunder;,rfa2es aznd John,.
adiah in Ezra's time. Ezra viii: 33.     the sons of Zebedee.
BOANERGES was a name given by
BINNUI,- 2.                          Jesus to James and John. Mark, iii:
Was one of the sons of Pahlath-moab, 17:'" And he surnamed them Boanerwho had taken a foreign wife. Ezra x: ges, which is, the sons of thunder."'
30.                                  Why Jesus gave these two disciples
this name is not known; some have
BINNUI, 3.                            thought it was because of their manner
Was a Levite, son of Henadad, who of teaching or preaching, —others think
assisted in repairing the walls of Jeru- it was because they wanted the Savior
salem. under Nehemiab.  Neh. iii: 24; to bring fire down from heaven to burn
and x: 9, anl xii: 8.                up and destroy some Samaritan cities
that refused to let them remain in thenm
BIRSHA —I~n evil; son ti'hat beholds.  to preach.  The account is given in
Was the king of Gomorrah at the Luke, ix: 53, 54: " Lord, wilt thou
time the confederate kings made war that we command fire to come downupon the cities of the plain. He, in, from heaven and' consume thenm, even
company with the kings of Sodom, Ad- as Elias did? "
mnah, Zeboiim, and Zoar made a stand
for battle against the confederates in BOAZ-[Bo'-az,]' in streng-th, in the-'the vale of Siddim, and they were        goat.
routed', destroyed, and taken by the   BOAZ was the son of Salmon. Ruthlb
enefa,y, and theiir cities pillaged.. Gen.. iv: 21. And from Matt. i: 5, we learnxiv: ~                                that Rachab or 3ERahab was Salmon' s




BOA                 tjlOt]              BUK
wife, and the mother of Boaz. This glean until the sheaves were all bound,
_Rahab was probably the harlot, a Ca- and the shocks set up. But he bade
naanite of the city of Jericho.  She-en- the reapers to let some handfuls fall on
tertained the spies that Joshua sent, purpose for her, and they did so, and
and with whom they entered into a cov- she threshed out what she had gleaned
enanlt which Joshua recognized and during the day, and took it to Naomi.
faithfully observed when he conquered It was an Ephah, or a little more than
the city. Salmon was of the tribe of seven gallons and a half. She narrated
Judah, hence Boaz was in the line of the kindness of Boaz, and  Naomi
Judah to Christ. The book of Ruth thought it a very favorable omen. It
closes up with the genealogy of David, was not long until Boaz obligated him-from  Pharez the son of Judcah. That self to take Ruth to be his wife, unless
genealogy shows David to have been a nearer kinsuman that he knew of would
the great grand-son of Boaz.  Boaz was meet the requirements of the Jewish
a kinsnman of Elimelech. The-widowed law and wed her.  Hle went through
and childless Naomi, w h o returned the form of ascertaining whether or not
from  the country of Mboab with her this kinsman would take her, all the
daughter-in-law Ruth, thought of him  time hoping he would not, for Boaz had
ancl spoke of him to Ruth. What the learned to love the amiable, accomrelationship was~ we are not informed, plislied and industrious Ruth, and really
but probably he was a nephew. Boaz desired her as his own wife. The matwas an extensive cultivator of the soil, ter ended as he desired, and Boaz bequite likely a very wealthy man. Ruth came the husband of Ruth.  Their
proposed to go and glean ears of corn, marriage was hlonorable, and their union
and with the advice and consent of was happy. Though Ruth was a MoNaoni she went.  She fortunately, or abite, and the lMoabite men were not
we miglht sqay providentially was led to allowed, evenl to the tenth generation
the part of the field belonging to ]Boaz. to come into the congregation of the
-ie came into the field and observed Lord, she had been received and inher gleaning, and addressing himself corporated into an Israelite family as
to the reapers, he asked, " VWhose dam- the wife of Mahlon.  She had left her:sel is this?"  The servant told him  own country, and people, and gods, and
who it was, and that she had made the had become a proselyte to the Jewish
request to glean among the sheaves, faith, and a worshipper of the God of
and that he had allowed her. Boaz ap- Abrahiam, Isaac and Jacob.
proved of this and very likely commnended his servant.  He addressed BOIHAN —[Bo'-han.]
himself in kind words to her, "Hearest   BOHAN was a noted Reubenite, who
thou not my daughter, go not to glean did, it is supposed, some wonderful
in another field, neither go from hence, exploits during the time of the war
but abide here fast by my maidens," for the conquest of Canaan; but what
&c. Ruth felt herself greatly honored t h os e exploits were we are not inby this kindness, and would probably formed. There was a stone reared to
have felt more so at that time, had she perpetuate his name somewhere near
known that her appearance and conduct the line dividing Benjamin and Juhad already very considerably won upon dah's possessions. In Joshua xv: 6,
the feelings of Boaz.  That she had it is said, "the border went up to the
done so is evident in that he extended stone of Bohan the son of Reuben."
his favors still further. He said to her, The stone marked the event or events
"' At meal time come thou hither and it was intended to commemorate, as
eat of the bread and dip thy morsel in the stone of Jacob set up at Bethel
the vinegar. And she sat beside the      ar k ed that particular point in
reapers, and he reached her parched corn Jacob's history.
and she did eat and was sufficed and left."
But his expression of feeling did not BUKKLI-[Buk'ki.]
stop even there. He commanded the   Was thle son of Jogli, of the tribe
young man to give her the privilege of of Dan, and was one of the princes
gleaning among the sheaves without that assisted* Joshua and Eleazer in
check or reproach. This was not al- dividing the land of Canaan among
lowed to other gleaners; they co-ld not the tribes of Israel. Num. xxxiv: 22.




BUII               [102]               CAI
BUKKIEIAH —[BukkIi-ah.]            brought an offering of the first fruits of
the ground to the Lord, and Abel
Was one of the sons of Helman, and brought also an offering. His was the
when the lots were cast and the sing- firstling of his flock. There was someers were, divided into twenty - four thing wrong in the spirit and feeling,
courses, the- sixth lot came to- him. or in the character of the offering Cain
1st Chron. xxv: 13.                 made —probably he had an unbelieving
and wicked heart-and God was not
BUZ-Despised, pluncdered.           pleased with it. He gave Cain no mark
or token of approbation, but on the
lie was one of the sons of Nahor, contrary was displeased.'" Unto Cain
by Milcah. Gen. xxii: 21. E 1 ih u  and to his offering he had not respect."'
who reasoned very sensibly with Job, Abel's offering was accepted, and Cain
was probably a descendant of Buz, the was enraged. He could not bear the
son of Nahor. He is called Elihu the idea of his brother being preferred toBuzite. HEis posterity; it is li e ly, him.  His wicked heart recoiled at the
dweltiin Arabia, and were-among those idea of his brother Abel being desigwho-were sorelydistressed- and carried hated thus the favorite of God, the darinto captivity by Nebuchadnezzar, the ling ofheaven. He indulged in a surly,
king of Babylon.  Jeremiah prophe- wicked temper, and very likely in a sulsies of the- utter overthrow of the len and disagreeable countenance and
Arabian kings, and of the kings of demeanor. God saw it and reproved
the "mingled people that dwelt in the him, and expostulated with him in tendesert."  Jer. xxv: 24.             der and affectionate language.  Oh I
what an exhibition does the language
BUZI —[Buzi,] nmy coateinmpti       give of the goodness and mercy of God
to a transgressor f Gen. iv:. 6, 7: "And;
He was the father of the prophet the Lord said unto Cain,- Why art thou
Ezekiel. Ezekiel, i. 3.             wroth? and why is thy countenance
fallen? If thou doest well shalt thou'AIN —l[ainJ possession.            not be accepted? and if thou doest not
/  CAIN was the eldest son of Adam, well, sin lieth at the door: and unto
the first one born into our world. I-Ie thee shall be his desire, and thou shalt
was first an infant, then a child of rule over him."  In this last sentence,
days, then a youth, and afterwards a the Lord would have Cain remember
man full grown, — the first one that that he was the eldest, and should ever
passed through the earlier stages of life have the right of primogenit'ure if his
up to manhood; for Adam and Eve, conduct was proper and right, such as
the father and mother of the human he could approve. But the anger of
family, were created of full stature. Cain was not allayed; on the contrary,
When Cain was born his mother looked it waxed worse and worse, until in his
with joy upon him, and exclaimed, " I heart he meditated the murder of Abel
have gotten a man from  the Lord." Soon an opportunity was afforded, and
She had often thought of the curse pro- his murderous feelings, that had riDnouneed upon the Serpent, and of the ened into settled purpose, led him to
promised seed that should bruise the the' cruel act.  "Hlie rose up against
head of the Serpent, and probably Abel his brother, and slew him." Soon
thought, as she looked upon her infant, the Ahnlighty clearly convinced him
Cain, and pressed him to her bosom  that his sin was discovered.   He
with the fond feelings of a mother, charged the death of Abel upon him,
This is the promised seed, She saw in and assured him that he would hold
her little babe the beginning of the in- him  accountable for the horrid deed.
crease of the family of man.        "Thy brother's blood crieth unto me
It is supposed by many that Cain from the ground."  And then the Diand Abel were twin brothers, but Cain vine Being adds, in order to strike conwas the oldest. The two brothers grew viction to the guilty soul of the murup together and chose different employ- derer still more keenly, and give him to
ments. Cain was a tiller of the ground, realize his condition andc peril, "And
while his brother was a keeper of sheep. now art thou cursed from the earth,
At a particular season of the year Cain l which hath opened her mouth to' re



CAI                [103]                CAI
ceive thy brother's blood from  thy CAINAN-[Ka'-nan,] possessor, one
hand. When thou tillest the ground,       that laments.
it shall not hencefbrth yield unto thee   CAINAN was the son of Enoch and
her strength; a fugitive and a vaga- the father of Mahalaleel.  Gen. v:
bond shalt thou be in the earth." The 9, 11. He was seventy years old when
divine threatening seems to come upon Mahalaleel was born unto him, and
him stronger and stronger-the lashings lived after that eight hundred and
of his guilty conscience are more and forty years, so that his whole life was
more severe-and in agony he cries out, nine hundred and ten years.  -le is'" My punishment is greater than I can referred to in Adam's line to Noalh,
bear."  Hle contemplated the import in 1st Chron. i: 2; as, also, in the
oL the curse as it had just fallen upon genealogy of Christ as given by St.
his ear and heart froni the imouth of' Luke, iii: 37.
the God against whom he had sinned,
and he exclaimed, under the most in- CAIPHAS-[Ka'-a-flas,] a searcher.
tense feeling, "B ehold, thou hast   CAIPHIAS, the son-in-law of Annas,
driven me out this day from the face was high priest of the Jews when
of the earth; and from thy face shall I Jesus was put to death.  l-e sucbe hid; and I shall be a fugitive and a ceeded Simon, the s o n of Caniith,
vagabond in the earth; and it shlall about the year of our Savior, 25, and
come to pass that every one that find- continued until after the crucifixion
eth mle shall slay me."               of Christ. H1-e did not, hlowever, enWVe may suppose from this language joy the dignity long after this, for he
that Cain repented of his sin —was truly was deposede, according to Jewish hissorry that he had been so vile and tory, by Vitellus, governor of Syria,
heartless-and was willing openly to two years afterward.
acknowledge to his distressed parents   He uttered a strang e prediction
and the entire family how wicked he when he wCas first brought to our view.
had been; and it would seem that the The priests had been deliberating on
Allnighty, in "setting a mark upon the subject of seizing and delivering
lhin, lest any finding him  should kill Christ to death.  Th e y, with  the
him," or giving him a sign or token Pharisees, were sorely vexed because
that his life should not be taken, recog- Jesus had raised Lazaruns from  the
nized his repentance. We may reason- dead. In the prediction to which I
ably suppose that Cain abhorred the refer he seems to uplbraid them l fo
deed, and himself for its commission. their stupidity, and declares that there
Though he could not restore the life he is no room for contention or debate.
had taken, le freely confessed his guilt, John xi: 49, 50:  "And one of theim
antcld never afterwards comlnitted so bar- named Caiphas, being the high priest
barous an act.                        that same year, said uLnto them, Ye
I-le went and dwelt in the land of know nothing at all; nor consider that
Nod. This was a region of country ly- it is expedient fr  us that one man
ing east of Eden. While he dwelt in should die for the people, and that
Nod his son Enoch was born.  i3e the whole nation perish not."
seems to have dedicated that son to   We might judge frorm this language
God, which is certainly some proof of thlat some of the council of priests
his repentance. HIe built a city there apprehended some danger in attemptand( called it after the name of his son; ing to take, condemn, and deliver to
and it is supposed that Enoch minis- death, a man who was innocent so far
tered in the sacred office of Patriarchal as they knew, and who performedC
Priest for the family of Cain, it being such wonderful m i r a c 1 e s - whose
understood that Cain was forever ex- whole conduct being closely secannecd
ciuded from that office because of his by their jealous, Jewish brethren, precrime in the murder of Abel. His far- sented no g r o u and a for accusation
ily increased and was blessed of God, against him.  He seems to reprove'
for a host of very honorable men in the them for their ignorance-" Ye knowearly patriarchal times trace their gen- nothing at all."  The plea he then
calogy to him, and amongst them were presents in favor of putting Christ to;
the first artists and musicians. Gen. iv. death may be looked upon as a plea
of political expediency-that it was




CAI                [1041                CAL
better for their nation that an inno- it, of Jesus in claiming to be the son
cent man be judged without law and of God. Caiphas, t u r  i n g to the
put to death than that their whole priests and doctors of the law, said:
nation be destroyed.  This language "What need have we of further witof Callphas is declared to be a proph- ness?  Behold, now, ye have heard
coy that Jesus should die for their his blasphemy."  And, waxing still
nation. Though the high priest said hotter in his opposition anc hatred to
it from a principle of hluman policy, the innoeent Jresus, he said:  "What
yet the Almighty overruled it. These think ye?"  They answered ancd said:
words were given as an important pre- " He is guilty of death."  And then,
diction of Christ's meritorious death in the presence of Caiphas, they began
and his "gathering together into one the rmost disgraceful conduct toward
(church) the children of God that Jesus. They spit into his face, and
were scattered abroad."              buffethim, or strike withl the clenched
Yhen Jesus was betrayed  by Judas fist; and they smnote him  with the
Iseariot into the hands of his enemies palm of te lhand, and they derided,
in the gaarden, they took himi  before and scoffed, and raocked him, because
Annas, a fborer high priest; but An- of his pretensions as Mlessiah. They
nas, who probably lived imn the  onace said:'"Prophesy untmo us, thou Christ.
house with Caiphas, the acting high Who is lie tha;t smote thee?"
priest, refused to judge him, anl sent   Caiphlas saw   ll this and did not rehim  into tihe apartment of Caiphas. buke it.  Had they possessed the
John, xviii: 24:  "Now  Annas hlad power of life and death, they wvould
sent liim  bound unto Caiphas, the at once have put Christ to the most
high priest."                         cruel torture and death; but they had
Christ is brought into the presence not. Hence, under the direction of
of this high functilonary, and the t'rial Caiplas, Chris4t was taken to Pontius
colmmenced. Those that were to pass Pilate, the Roraan governor, that he
judgument in the ease were all enemies mright confirm their sentence, and orof the accused. They were the priests der the concemned Jesus to be exeancd doctors of the law. They brought cuted.
the charge, and supported it, or en-   No wonder that the God of }Heaven
deavored to do so, with the deposi- did not allow this wicked high priest
tions and oral evidence of false wit- to enjoy rinuch longer the honors of
nesses. M.Tatthew tells us, xxvi: 59, that honorable office.  Mliatt. xxvi:
60: "The council sought false wit- 57-66; Luke, xxii: 54-69; Mtark, xiv:
ness against Joesus to put him  to 53-64; John, xviii: 13-28; Acts, v:
death; but found none. Yea, though 27 —32.
Many false witnesses ca me, yet f-ound
they none. At last came two false CALEB 1 —[Ka'/leb,] a clog, ac crow
witnesses." These two witnesses went      a basket.
on to testify against Christ —that he
had spoken against the temple. But   CALEn was the son of Jephunneh,
there was notlhing in this evidence and the one that was selected by Moses
sufficient to condemn him, and he re- froma the tribe of Judah to go to the
mained all- the while silent. Caiphas, land of Canaan, and view it and bring
the high priest, was dissatisfied with Israel back word as to the country thai
his silence, and, rising in a passion, had been promised unto them  by the
lie demanded of the innocent Jesus, God of their fathers, as the land of
under oath, an answer to the question: their possession.
"Art thou the Christ, the son of   There were twelve selected and deGod?" The language of Caiphas was: puted by Moses to examine the country
"I adjure thee, by the living God, and the deputation consisted of one
that thou tell us whether thou be the from each tribe. Num. xiii: 2.'"Send
Christ, the son of God." Jesus, with- thou men that they may search the
out hesitancy, said:  "Thou  h a s t land of Canaan which I give unto the
said "-that is to say, I am. As soon children of Israel, of every tribe of
as this answer was given, Caiphas their fathers shall ye send a man, every
"rent his clothes," to signify his hor- one a ruler among them."  By this we
for at the blasphemy, as he considered understand that Caleb was an imnportant




CAL                 [1051                 CAL
man in the tribe of Judah. They were into  the land  of Egypt.  At this
all men of consideration and importance Moses and  Aaron  were greatly
in their respective tribcs.  These went wounnded.  They felt that the people
into Canaan and traversed the country they were leading, were committing a
in every direction. They did not satisfy great sin against God, and they feared
themselves with viewing a locality or the result.  "They fell on their faces
two, but they traveled through the before all the assembly of the chilcountry and observed its inhabitants. dren of Israel."  They were horrorThey visited different parts of the stricken at the rebellion.  Joshua
country, and saw that it was a land and Caleb came in at this point with
"flowinr with imilk and honey."     their defense before all the murmerAt Esehol they cut down a large ing people.  They said, "the land
cluster of grapes and carried it between which we passed through to search it,
two of thenm own a staff, and they said to is an exceedingly good land. If the
their brethren  when  they  returned Lord delightl in us, then he will bring
"this is the fruit of the land."''    us into this land ancl give it us; a
The Israelites looked with wonder land which floweth with mlilk  and
and astonishmnent at it, and began to honey. Only rebel ye not against the
long for their promised inheritance in Lord, neither fear ye the people of
Canaan.  But their ardor and anxiety the land; for they are bread for us;
was cooled  by ten of the company their defense is parted from them, and
nnmit.ing in saying.  Num1. xiii: 28. the Lord is with us; fear them not."
"Nevertheless the people be strong   In the stead of this address in dethat dwell in the land, and the cities fense stilling the tumult and rebellion,
are -walled, and very great and moreover it only incensed them more and 11more,
we saw the children of Anak there." insomuch that they were about to
They then went on to tell them  of the stone them  with stones.  It would
strong nations that inhabited the south seem from  history, that had not the
part of the land, and then of those that glory of the Lord shone, and so'ardwelt in the mountainm, and by the sea rested the attention of the rebels, they
and by the coast of Jordan.  When the would have put Caleb and Joshua to
people were dispirited by this presen- death.  Bunt God had determined it
tation of the case Caleb stood up and otherwise, and soon his determination
if he did not openly contradict the was made known.  God declared that
report he joined issue with the ten spies. their carcasses should fall in the wilTheir report was as though  they had  derness, and not one of those mnutsaid, we can not take the land. If we murers should enter Canaan, while
do not give up the idea, but prosecute Caleb, the son of Jephunneh, and
our purpose we shall all be slain. Joshua, the son of }Nun, should enter
"Caleb stilled the people before Moses it, and enjoy possession. This promise
and said: Let us go up at once and may be looked upon as a reward for
posses it, for we are well able to over- their faithfulness to God, and their
come it."  Then the ten spies openly fidelity to the nation, especially when
contradicted Caleb, for they said, " we it is considered that their ten combe not able to go up against the people panions in the beginning of the plague
for they be stronger than we."  And that broke out in Israel, were struck
then they reiterated what they had dead on the spot. There is a passage
said before. And as they represented regarding Caleb, worthy of remark.
the sons of Anak "which come of the God said, Num. xiv: 24, "But my
giants," they declared  "we were as servant Caleb, because he had another
grasshoppers in our own sight, and so spirit with him, and hath followed me
we were in their sight.  The impression fully, him will I bring into the land
imade upon their minds by this evil re- whereinto he went, and his seed shall
port not withstanding the efforts of possess it."  By this we may underCaleb and Joshua led all the congrega- stand that Caleb had natural and
tion of Israel to rebel.  "They lifted moral courage-a noble and heroic
up their voices and cried and wept all spirit; but more than that, the spirit
night."                               and influence of God was upon him,
They proposed to elect for them- and with him.  This faith was so
selves a captain to take them  back strong in God's ability and willing



CAL                 [106]               CAN
ness to give them the land, that there portion of the territory included in his
was no room for doubt or distrust.    own possession.
When  Joshua had  entered  the   We cannot learn from  the scripture
promised land, and conquered a good account of Caleb, the time of his death,
part of it, and was about to divide it or the manner of it. As long as he
by lot among the tribes of Israel, lived, we doubt not, he continued a
Caleb made a petition to him to have faithful servant of the most high God,
a certain part of the country allotted and when he died, he left behind him
to himu.                              sons who were an honor to hilm aS their
In the 14th chapter of the book of facther, and the posterity became very
Joshua, we have the petition of Caleb. numerous, maintaining for ages an heonIn it he refers to the circumstances of orable rank aniong the people of Israel.
his being selected as one of the spies, The names of Caleb's descendants are
of hisfollowing the commlandment of the given in lst Chronicles, iv: 15-20.
Lord in his report, while his brethren
intimidated and frightened the people. CALEB 2- A dog, a crow, a bask.et.
Ice referred to his age at the time lie   CALEB was the son of RIezron, a n d
was sent out as a spy, viz: forty, the t Ih e brother of Jeralhmeel.  In 1st
years that rolled away since that time, Chronicles. ii: 9, le is called Chelubai,
viz: forty-five; but though he w a s but in the 1 8th verse, he is called Caleb
eighty-five years old, yet he was strong the son of I-Iezron; as, also, in the 424
as when forty-that he was as a be verse, f-ron  which references we learn
now for war, as he was then. 3Ie pre- that he had several wives.  Azulah,
cedes his petition for a particular local- Jerioth, Ephrath, Ephah and Nlaachah,
ity with the above, and being desirous and by these wives hlie had several sons,
of that particuIar locality for am inherit- w i o s e names are given as follows:
ance. He says, Josh. xiv: 12, "Now, Jcsher, Shobab, Ardon, Hur, Mesha,
theref-bre, give nme the m o u n t a i n H1aran, Moza, Gazez, Sheber, Tirhawhereof the Lord spake in that day; nah, Shaaph and Sheva, in all twelve,
forthou heardst in that day, how the and lie hiad a daughter, whose name
Anakins were the-.e, and that the cities was Achsah. The posterity of t h i s
were great, and fenced, if so, the Lord Caleb was very numerous.
will be with me, then I shall be able to
drive them out, as the Lord said."  As CALEB 3-A dog, a crow, a basket.
though he had said, though I amn eighty   CALEB was the son of H-ur, and the
and five years old, 1 have no desire to grandson of the forimer Caleb. In 1st
sit down and do nothing in the further Chronicles, ii: 50-55. The names of
conquest of the country.  On the con- his sons are given. They were:  Shotrary I am willing to fight, and so drive hal, Salma and Haroeh, and we are left
out the Anakins, these giants w hi o to infer that the posterity of this Caleb
frightened the people. Iam a s able was quite extensive. One of his sons
and as willing to do it as I was when I settled and namned the cities and cofinurfged the children of Israel, in the tries of Bethlehem, Kirjath-jearim, &c.
rebellion, to go up and possess the land.
So Joshua gave Caleb Hiebron for his CANAAN- -1K'nanj] a snerzchan  ca
inheritance.  The very place wi e r e     trader.
Arba, the father of the Anakins, dwelt,   CANAAN was the youngest son of
or the country that was inhabited by Ham, and hence the grandson of Noah.
the giants.    -                      When Noah stained his character with
Caleb entered at once upon the con- a fit of drunkenness, the fact of h i s
quest of his inheritance.  lie warred drunkenness and exposure was known
with the three sons of Anal, and drove first to Hiam, and it is supposed Canaan
them  out.  He gave his d au g h t e r was with his father when Noah was
Achsah, to Othniel, his nephew, to discovered.  They treated Noah with
wife, as a reward for taking in war Kir- contempt, and probably indulged in
jath Seper, with a considerable amount unfeeling remarks or reprehensible
of property.  He gave him the south levity.  But Ham  told Shem  and
land and springs of water, " the upper Japheth the condition in which they
springs and the nether springs," this had found their father, and probably
we may consider to have been a large the manner in which he with his son




CAN                [1071              CAN
Canaan had treated him. They could they have burntdn the fire to t h e i r
not find it in their hearts to treat him  gods." What a dark picture is this of
thus, but on the contrary, they kindly the corruption and iniquity of th e
threw a garment over their shoulders, children of Canaan.
and ran backwards and covered the   It is quite probable that Canaan
nakedness of their father. "When lived and died in the land that bears
N o a h awoke and knew what his his name. and that he gave it the
younger son had done," (this alludes, name. His posterity were very nullerrolbably, to Canaan) he said,' cursed ous, of this we may form an idea fromu
pe Canaan —a servant of servants shall the generations of Canaan as given in
he be unto his brethren."  This is a Gen. x: 6-15.  There we learn that
curse against Canaan, involving the the Sicloians, Tyrians, Hittites, Jebubasest servitude. He was destined to sites, Amorites, Gergashites, Hivites,
be a servant of servants; and how has Arkites, Sinites, Arvadites, Zenmarthis been fulfilled in the history of his ites, Haimathites, Perrizites and the
descendants. It did not fall on him  tribe called the Canaanites descended
individually at once, nor upon his un- from him. According to the customs
grateful father, but upon the Canaan- of the times they were divided into a
ites. And no one can read the history great number of kingdoms, and in
of this people but they will fre  1 y each kingdom  was a king or a ruler.
acknowledge that this curse was fully Almost every city of note had a king
deserved. Their profligacy was very residing within it.  We have an acgreat, and their conduct very wicked. count of the conquest of two of these
This profligacy and wicked conduct kings by Mi[oses.  Joshua in the conwas foreseen by the Lord, and was the qcuest of the land subdued thirty-one
caus.,e of the curse.               of the kings of the Canaanites, and
Whlen the Israelites were about to Adonibezek, the king of Bezek slew
pass over Jordan to expel the inhabit- seventy of them  and cut off their
ants of the land of Canaan, the A1- thumbs and great toes. Judges i: 7.
mighty cautioned them not to suppose "And Adonibezek  said, threescore
that they were to conquer the Canaan- antd ten kings having their thumbs and
Rtes and take possession of their land great toes cut off gathered their meat
because of tlheir own righteousness. under my table; as I have done so
Dent. ix: 4: "Speak not thou in thine God hath requited me."  From those
heart after that the Lord thy God hath conquests of Canaanitish kings we
cast them out from before thee, saying, may learn they were formed at one
For my righteousness the Lord hath time in their history into not less than
brought me in to possess this land, but one hundred kingdoms.
Ior the wickedness of these nations   Melchizedek the king of Salem, and
thle Lord doth drive them out before his kingdom we may suppose adhered
thee."  They had transgressed the to the worship of the living God-but
laws of God, had resisted his spirit, nearly all of them were gross idolaand he would no longer tolerate them  ters and indulged in the most daring
as possessors of so goodly a land as wickedness.  The cities of the plain
was the lanci of Canaan. God de- with  their kings were desperately
termined that the Israelites should wicked, and God visited them with the
possess it, not because they were very most terrible destruction that ever fell
righteous and deserved it, but they upon anyportion of the country. He
were less wicked than the descendants rained fire and brimstone from heaven
of Canaan, and God had chosen them  upon the cities of Sodom and Gomoras a nation amongst the nations of rah, Admah and Zeboim. Because of
earth, where he might manifest his their vileness they became marks for
greatn ess and glory, and begin the the arrows of God's indignation. They
great work of his salvation a m o n g were made public examples of the venmen. The wickedness of- this people, geance of the Almighty, and the very
t h e descendants of Canaan, is p r e - site of those cities is now the bed of a
sented in Deut. xii: 31: "For every heaving lake or sea.
abomination to the Lord w hi h he   After Israel was established  in
hateth, they have done unto their gods, Canaan and Joshua their leader was
for even their sons and their daughters dead, they went on conquering and




CAN                 [108]               CAR
extermin-ting the difflezent tribes of Noah and of Gocd is upon them. " A
Ca(naanites.  Judah and Simeon re- servant of servants shall he be." Gen.
duced them to sulbjection throughout x: 15, 18, 19.   Num. xiv: 20, 21.
their possessions.  The same is true Jud. i: 1, 3, 4. Ez. ii: 55. Neh. xi:
of  Ephraim  and c Ianasseh.   For 3. 2d Sam. v: 6-9. 1st Kings v: 9.
when they allowed them to remain in
possession of cities in many cases they CANDACE-[Kau-da'ce,] who possubjected them to tribute in their pos-    sesses contritiol.
sessions.                              CANDACE was a queen of the EthiIt is true the Canaanites reduced opians, and the royal mnistress of tlhe
the children of Israel to a servitude Eunuch who was converted fully to
twenty years under Jabin their king christianity under the pireaching of
who was a powerful king, and had a Philip. This servant of Queen Candace
vast army led by Sisewa his general, had renounced idolatry, anrd attended
who had in his command nine hundred the worship of God at Jerusalemz. Ee
iron ehariots. But God raised Israel needed some instruction, and Philip
lup a deliverer in the person of the received a commnission to teanh him.
prophetess Deborah, the wife of L pi- I-e joined himself to thle Eunuch' s
dloth. She with her gene ral, Barak, ehariot and entered into conversation
fought witlh Jabin  and gained one of with hizn regarding  the prophecies of
the iost @omplete vicetories recorded Esaias that he was reading. He exin the wo-rd's history. For the entire plained theml to himi1 so ]munich to his
soldiery of Sise-ra fell by the hand of satisficetion, that Ile wihshed at onle to
the conquclerrs) while Sisera the gen- take upon himself the christian mna-me
erl who aighted froii his chariot and and character, which lie did by sublitfled for his life, fell by the hand of a ting to the ordinance of baptisme at the
woman in thle tent of Heber.         hanids of Enhilip.
When David ascended the throne   The passage of scripture prasenting
of Israel, the descendants of Canaan this royal personage to our 1minds is
made war upon him, and he made war Acts viii: 27. ";And belhold maL. a of
upon tlhem and conquered them. Hle Ethiopia a Eunuch of great authIority
took Jebus or Jerusalem one of their under Candace, Queen of the Ettiopistrongest places. Their fort upon Mt. ans, who had the charge of all her
Zion came into David's possession, treasure, and had come to Jerusalem
and hie transferred his court from  for to worship."  Now as this servant
Hebron to it, and afterwards it was of Queen Candace lhad come to Jerusaincluded within the limits of the city lelo ior the special pu-pose of worshipof Jerusalem, as was MIt. M3oriah in ing the God of Israel, we mnay reasonanother direction from the old city, ably suppose that he had fully rethe place where the celeb-rated Jewish nounced idolatry though not wTell intemple was erected.  In the days of formed regarding thle religion of God's
Solomon the Canaanites were reduced people.  And we may also suppose theat
still more, especially by the conquests he was at Jerusalem by the permission
of Pharoah, the king of Egypt, whose and favor of Candace. And it is also
daughter Solomon married.  Gezar quite reasonable to suppose that she
with its inhabitants was given to Solo- favored the religion anfd worship of the
mon.  And when Solomon was en- Jews. The idea received and advanced
gaged in building the temple, that by some, that she was converted to the
noble structure which lhe dedicated to christian faith is not improbable. From
God, and God accepted and honore-d the position he occipied in her governyvith his special presence in the Shech- ment and influence he had over her,
nah, it is said he had one hundred this is quite likely, thought there is no
and fifty-three thousand  and three dir e c t evidence of it recorded on
hundred Cananaanites employed in ser- history.
vile work.  They were required  to
perform the hard labor of the enter- CAROAS -J Kar-Tkas,   the covring
prise.  Indeed since that time the        of a lamb.
Canaanites as a people seem to have   CARCAS was one of the seven chamenjoyed but little freedom-and down berlains or Eunuchs of King Ahasueeven to the present time the curse of rus. Est. i: 10.




CAR                [109]              CilE
CARMII-[Kar'ni,] mny vineyard the attempt at least, to  lubdue t he e
knowledge of' the lamb of the again. Hie associated with him the
zwaters.                        three following kings: A m r a ph c  
CAPRMI was of the tribe of Reuben   Arioch and  Tidal. As his allieJ
and from him came the fiamily of the they marched with him  againMst the
Carmites. Num. xxvi: 6.             kings of these five cities, situated in
the plain of Siddim. Chedorlaomer
CARPUS-Fruit, fruitifut             conquered them, ravaged the whole
Was a christian at Troas with whom  country, gathered much  spoil, anCd
St. Paul states that he left a cloak. 2d took iman3y captives.  Among those
Tim. iv: 13.                        that were taken as captives, and were
being borne away to a strange counitry
CARSHENA —[Kar-she'-na.]            as trophies of a conqueror, was Lot,
Was one of the wise men or princes Abraham's nephew, and the family
of Persia, whom Ahasuerus consulted of Lot. As soon as Abrahamn heard
as to what should be done with Vashti, of it, "he armed his trained servant-s
the queen, who had refused to come born in his own house," and pursued
unto the king when sent for to display aft-er them, and overtook the conher beaut.y. He joined with MIemucan, queror with his captives and spoils.
another of them, in suggesting to the Abraham fought with them and conking that hce issue a decree that Vashti quered them. Gen. xiv: 16. "And
be deposedl and her royal estate be given he brought back all the goods, and
uato another. Est. i: 14-21.        also brought again his brother Lot,
and his goods, and the women also,
CASLUHIM-[KIs-lu'-him.]             and the people."  Abraham seems to
Was the son of Mizraim, and the have had a complete victory over
grand-son of Ham, and is referred to in Chedorlaomer and his allies.  Anc
the posterity of Ham. Gen. x: 14.   when he returned with th- recaptured
people, and womren, and Lot width his
CEPHAS-[Ce'-fas,] a rock or stone. fi-amily, the king of Sodom and other
Was a name given by our Savior to kings met hirm and greeted him. As
Peter. John i: 42. "Thou art Simon also did Melehizedek, the king of
the son of Jona; thou shalt be called Salem, and blessed him. ChedorlaoCephas, which is by interpretation a iler hfirself, was not killed in ti-e
sbone."  See Peten                  battle, but in all probability escape
to his own country and kingdom.
CESA- R-[Ce -zrj one cut omt.
CEsa. was a name given the em- CI-TELURB.
perors of Rone —as Augustus Cesar   CHELIUB, the father of Ezri was
— Tiberius Cesar —Claudius Cesar, &c. the overseer of those who diA the
Luke ii: 1. "Then went out a decree work of the field for the tillage of
from Cesar Augustus, that all the the ground. He was one of David's
world should be taxed."  Luke iii: 1; officers. 1st Chron. xxvii: 26.
Acts xi: 28; Phil. iv: 22.,
CHELUBAI]-[Ke-lu'-ba.]
(C]AI-HYS.                           CHELUBAI was the son of Hlezron,
CHAIMIs was a son of Melcliel, one of one of the chief families of Jnudah.
of the rulers oP- a district of country. 1st Chron. ii: 9.
CIEDOI)LAOMER-i[Ked-or-la-oo  CHENAANAH —[Ken-na. a-nah.]
mer,] as a generation of servitude.   Was the father of Zedekiah, who
smote the prophet Micaiah on the cheek
CIIEDORLAOMER was the king of and reproached him.  1st Kings xxii:
Elam who subdued the five kingdoms 24.
and the kings of Sodom  and Gomorah, Admah, Zeboim  and Zoar. CHENANIA —[Ken-a-ni'V-h,] prepHe kept them in subjection after he    aration, rectitude of the Lord.
had conquered them, for twelve years,   Was one of the Levites who were en-,
when they rebelled. In a few months gagged in the solemn service of removafter the rebellion he determined on an ing the ark to Jerusal1em, and placijng




CHE                [110]              CHR
it in the tent which David prepared for CHLOE-[Klo'-e,] green herb.
it. 1st Chron. xv: 27.                Is supposed to have been a religious
matron in the church at Corinth, whose
C:ERAN-[Ke'-ran.]                  family were converted and also members
Was one of the sons of Dishon, the of the same church. There were disHIorite, a duke. Gen. xxxvi: -26.   sensions in the church, and some member of the household of Chloe informed
1JHESED —Ke'-sed,l as a devil, a de- the apostle of them. It is thought by
stroyer.                        some that Stephanas, Fortunatus, and
Was the fourth son of Nahor. Gen. Achaicus were sons of this woman.
xxii: 22.                           They are referred to in 1st Cor. xvi:
17, as the persons who were the bearers
CHIILEAB-[Kil'-e-ab,] totality o r of letters to the apostle, and they may
perfection- of the father.      have brought his answer back with
Was the son of David by Abigail, the them. The Epistle was designed to be
Carmelite. 2d Sam. iii: 3. But he is an answer to the letter from  the
called Daniel in 1st Chron. iii: 1. [See church.
Daniel.]
aniel.  HOZEBA-[Ko-ze/-bah.]
HIEILION-[Kil'-i-on,] finished, conz-   The men of Chozeba are named
plete.                           among the descendants of Shelah, the
Was one of the sons of Elimelech and son of Judah.  1st Chron. iv: 22.
Naomi. He was the husband of Orpah, and is described as an Ephrathite CHRIST-The- anointed of God.
of Bethlehem-judah.  Ruth i: 2-5,   CHRIsT is the lname given our Lord
and- iv: 9.                          and Savior. He is so frequently called
Christ, that some have denominated
ClIMHAM-[Kimrm -ham,] as t Iey this a surname. Hence he is o fte n
i like, like to them.            called Jesus Christ. He was sent and
anointed by God to execute the work
CRIMHAM was the son of Barzillai, of deliverance for a lost, ruined and
the Gileadite. He received the demon- guilty race, and to perform the office
strations of kindness from, David that of mediator. Christ the anointed was
had been intended for his father. After divine. I-le was the Son of God, equal
the rebellion of Absalon  had been with the Almighty Father in his divine
quelled. as David was returning to Jeru- and infinite perfections. "God so loved
salem, Barzillai met him and conducted the world that he gave his only begothim over Jordan. David proposed to ten Son, that whosoever believe th
take him with him  to Jerusalenl to, in him should not perish, but have
live, and to be fed from  the king's: everlasting life."  He was promised
treasury. But as he was an old man, and prophesied of through the patrihe declined this honor, and proposed archal and prophetic ages. His charthat Chimham should go on with the acter was set forth in those promises
king. He had probably acted an im- and prophecies as Messiah, which in
portant part in the matter of furnishing N e w Testament language is Christ.
David with sustenance while he lay at Those promises and prophecies were
Mabanaim.  David was pleased with all fulfilled in the birth, life, character
the proffer and took Chimham with and work of Christ, in the suffering of
him, and it seems gave him a portion body and soul until his death-warrant
of land near Bethlehem, where he and was signed and sealed, and his enemies
his posterity dwelt.  In Jer. xli: 17, executed that warrantin putting him
we learn that Chimham, a city built by to death upon a Roman cross. His
Barzillai's son, was near to Bethlehem. work of conquering sin, death and the
2d Sam. xix: 31-40.                 grave, was accomplished when he rose
from the dead. After his ascension
ICHISLON-[Kis'-lon.]                into heaven, and as a consequence of
Was the father of Elidad, of the his mediation before the eternal throne
tribe of Benjamin, who as a prince of for.man, he imparted the gift of the
his tribe assisted in dividing the land Holy Ghost to the apostles. The whole'!f Canaan. Num. xxxiv: 21.          work of redemption was consummated,




OIIR               [111]               CIIR
for the accomplishment of which he ham, through Isaac and Jacob, andwas the anointed-the Christ.        the latter by the side of his real
The first promise of a Messiah was mother, calling Joseph the son of
made to Adam and Eve, shortly after IHeli, because he was the son-in-law
the fatal fall. Gen. iii: 15: "And I of JIeli, having married Mary, the
will put enmity between thee and the daughter.   According to Luke's gonewoman, and between thy seed and her alogy, Miary was the forty-first from
seed; it shall bruise thy head, and David, and the seventy-fourth from
thou shalt bruise his heel." This was Adam'. The lineage shows Isaac and
the first promise of a Redeemer ever Jacob, Judah Jesse and David, as in.
made to man, and in the work of Christ the line of Christ fro m  Adam  to
we behold the promise gloriously ful- Abraham.
filled. Though four thousand years   In Isaiah vii: 14, we have the folr o 11 e d away after the prophecy was lowing: " ehold, a virgin shall conmade, we behold "the seed of the wo- ceive and bear a son, and shall call
man" in the person of Jesus Christ, his name Immanuel."  In the history
the son of Mary and the son of God. of Christ's advent, we are informed
And as he wrought his mighty mir- that the angel Gabriel appeared unto
acles attesting the truth of his Mles- the virgin Mary and declared unto
siaHship and the glory of his character, her the will of' God-that she would
he was performing the work prophe- be the mofther of the world's IResied of him. 1st John, iii: 8: " The deemer. Luke, i: 30, 32: "Fear not,
Son of God was manifested that he lMary; for thouen hast found favor with
might destroy the works of the devil." God. And, behold, thou shalt conThere is a prophecy of the time when ceive in thy woimb and bring forth a
the Messiah should come, Gen. xlix: son, and shalt call his name Jesus.
10: "The sceptre shall not depart He shall be great, and shall be called
from Judah, nor a lawgiver from be- the son of the idighest," &e. And
tween his feet, until Shiloh come." IMatthew says: "Now, all this was
That important predictionwas fulfilled done that it might be falfilled which
by Chris's coming at the tilme he did. was s p o k e n of the Lord by the
Gal. iv: 4. "When the fullness of prophet, saying, Behold, a virgin shall
the time was come God sent forth his be with child, and shall bring forth a
Son," &c. The sceptre was trembling son, and they shall call his name iniin the hand, partially wrested from  manuel."  The place where he should
Judah. The Jews had not the power be born was mentioned in the propheof life and death over criminals. As cies of Micah,,v:2: "Thou Bethlea nation they were subject to the tax- hem Ephratal, though t.hou be little
ing of Cesar Augustus, and were pay- among the thousands of Judah, yet
ing him tribute.                    out of thee shall he come forth unto
There were prophecies regarding the me that is to be ruler in Israel."
persons of whom he should be born. Christ was born in Bethlehem. Matt.
He should come in the line of Abra- ii: 1. The facts and circumstances of
ham, Isaac, Jacob, Judah, Jesse, and his birth agree with the prophecy.
D avi d; and a virgin was to be his   The declaration is made in prophecy
mother. Woman, that was first in the that he should attest his Messiahship
transgression, is to be honored in giv- and establish his doctrines with miraing birth to the Redeemer of man. cles. Isaiah, xxxv: 5, 6: "Then the
He was to be "the seed of the wo- eyes of the blind shall be opened, and
man."                               the ears of the deaf shall be u-nThe apostle tells us he was " made stopped; then shall the lame man leap
of a woman; made under the law," as an hart, and the tongue of the
&c. Genesis, xii: 3: "In thee shall dumb sing."  When John the Bapall the fam ilies of the earth be tist sent his disciples to Christ to ask
blessed."  That promise w a s con- him: "Art thou he that should come,
firmed unto Isaac; and also unto  or do we look for another?"  Jesus
Jacob, and is set forth in the gene- said, Matt. xi: 4, 5: "Go and show
alogy of Christ as given by Matthew  John again those things which ye do
a n d Luke. The former traces his hear and see. The blind receive their
lineage by the side of Joseph to Abra- I sight, and the lame walk, the lepers




CHIR                [112]               CLA
are cleansed, and the deaf hear; the   The evangelists 3Matthew and Mark
dead are raised up, and the poor have begin their gospels with the use oc
the gospel preached unto them."      this term as a surname for the purpose
There are many other prophecies, of clistinction we may suppose, for
clear and plain, regarding Messiah, and there were many among the Jews that
their fulfillment is recorded in the New have the name Jesus, hence it was
Testament. There aremanytypespre- necessary to distinguish between the
sented in the Old Testament dispen- Jesus who was the son of Mary, and
sation that are met in the person, char- those of other fanmilies that bore that
acter, sufferings, and works of Christ. name.
As the high priests of the order of   The gospel was written by Matthew
Aaron were set apart by washing with after Christ had finished his work,
water and annointing with holy oil-  and ascended into Heaven. Mark i:
the "'precious ointment upon the head 1, "The beginning of the gospel of
that ran down upon the beard, even Jesus Christ, the son of C-od. [For
Aaron's beard," so Christ by his bap- further history, see Jesus.]
tism  by John, just before entering
upon his public ministry, was set C-lTUZA-[IKew'-zah,] the prop 7 c,
apart to his work and office. And        Eth opoan.
though oil was not used as in the case   She was the wife of the steward of
of the Aaronie priesthood, yet the Herod Antipas, she had charge of the
HIoly Spirit, in the shape of a clove, house probably, and with Susanna and
camne down, and anmid the solemn and Mary Magdalene ministered unto Jesus
interesting initiatory ceremony, sat of their earthly substance.  Luke
upon the head of Christ, while the viii: 3.
voice of the father was heard saying,
"'This is nmy beloved son in whom  I[ C LAUDI"-A-[Kl1aw'di-a,] lame.
am well pleased."                      CL.AUDIA was a Roman  woman, who
The word Christ is usually given to is supposed to have been converted to
denote office or dignity, for examinle: christianity through the instrumentality
Mat. i: 16,'Jesus who is called Chrl st;' of the apostle Paul.  She is brought to
Mlark viii: 29, "Thou art the Christ, our view in 2dTim. iv: 21, in the sallthe son of the living God;" Luke ii: tations to disciples from the Church of
11, "Savior, which is Christtlhe Lord;" Rome.  "Eubulus greeteth thee and
John i: 41, "We have fozund the Me- Pucens and Linus and Claudia and all
sias, which is being interpreted, the the brethrethren." Sheisthouht to be the
Christ;" John vii 26, "This is the wife of tPudens mentioned in the sa]uvery Christ;" Acts viii: 5, " preached tation just before her. Whether that be
Christ unto them;"  Acts ix: 22. the case or not she was an eminent
"Proving that this is the very Christ, clristian woman or er name would not
Acts xvii: 3, "Whom I preach unto likely appear in the closing sentences of
you is Christ;"  Acts xviii: 5-28, this letter to Timothy.
"And testified to the Jews that Jesus
was Christ," showing by the scriptures CLAUDIUS 1 —[Klawdi-us.]
that Jesus was Christ. Romans v: 6-8,   CLAUDIUS was a Roman Emperor
"Christ died for the ungodly;" Ro- and hence is called Claudius Cesar.
nans vrii; 34 "It is Clrist that died;"  Ie was the fifthE mperor and succeeded
Romrans x: 4, " Christ is the end of Caligula. And he reigned nearly fourthe law for righteousness to every one teen years. King Agrippa assisted him
that believeth; " Roman3s xiv: 9 " To very much in gaining the throne, and
this end Christ both died and rose after he was crowned hlie acknowledged
again; " 1st Cor. i: 23, "We preach his obligations, and rewarded Agrippa
Christ crucified;" 24: "Christ the by giving him the the sovereignty of
power. of God and the wisdom  of the kingdom of Judea, and conferrting
God;" 1st Cor. iii: 23, ye are Christ's other favors upon him. We learn in
and Christ is God's;" v: 7, "Even Acts xi: 28, that a famine came on the
Christ our passover is slain Ior us;" people in the time of this Emperer,
Gal. iii: 13, "Christ has redeemed us "And then stood up one of them
from the curse of the law, being made named Agabus, and signified by the
a curse for us."                     spirit, that there should be great dearth




CLA                 [113]                CLA
throughout all the world, which came inandinent to his accusers also to say
to pass in the days of Claudius Cesar." before thee what they had against him.
Roman and Jewish historians agree in Farewell."  The officer presented this
regard to this famine, that it was very letter with the prisoner; an d Felix
severe.                               waited five days, lwhen Paul's accusers,
We have an account in Acts xviii: 2, came down, brilnging  with them the orof a cruel and unjust edict of this Emu- ator Tertullus to plead against him..
percr against the Jews.  It was an They presented their charge and the
edict for expelling all t3he Jews from  evidence, and the orator plead: against
Rome, "because that Claudius had himn to the satisfiction and admiration,
commanded all Jews to depart from  we suppose, of his employers, the.high
Rome."  This edict is spoken of in priest and elders; after which, Paul
history and the reason given for it is, made h is defense in answer to the
"The Jews are a turbulent people upon charge and pleadings, and it was a nothe account of Christ, some being for ble defense. Felix could not pronounce
him, and some against him, which ac- him  guilty; on the contrary, he adcasioned great heats, such as gave umn- journed the cause for the pleselnt, inbrage to the government, and provoked tending to hefar hin again. He left
Claudins to order them all to be gone, Paul in custody, but allowed his frienrds
for he was a timorous, jealous mnan." to minister unto him.  The high priest
It is likely that the christians as well as and elders were disappointed and disthe opposers of christianity  w e r e satisfied that he did not convict Paul..
banished by this decree.               or else place him back in their charge
and power.  1le did not do that, and
CLAUDIUS, 2.                           vet he did not. release him as he should
CLAUDIus is denominated Claudius lave done. But after a few days, true
Felix.  He ruled in the government of to his proLmise, he called Paul before
Judea. He managed to induce Dru- him  again, and in company with his
silla, the sister of Agrippa, to leave her wife Drusilla, hle heard him reason of
husband and marry him.  Paul ap- "righteousness, temperance, and judgpeared before him at Cesarea —for F elix ment to com e."   Paul' n discourse
lived there-and made a defense before seemed to have an effect upon Felix to
him.  He did not condemn him, nor convict himl, for he trembled and said,
did he set him at liberty.  He treated " Go thy way for this time; when I
Paul with great kindness, and permitted have a, conveiient season I vill call for
his friends to minister unto him; and thee."  But he still retained Paul as a
it is said he hoped the Apostle or his prisoner, being' desirousc to show the
friends would procure his redemiption Jews a pleasure.
with a sum of money. Acts, xxiv: 26.   About this time Felix was recalled to
e-Ie was sent to Claudius Felix by Lys- Rome, and Paul as a prisoner passed
ias, the commander of the soldiers at into the hands of his successor, Porcius
Jerusalem, for he had taken him  by Festus.  Felix was called to answer to
force from his enemies, and he sent the charges brought against him  by the
following communication  to  Felix: Jews; and would, it is thought, have
Acts, xxiii: 26-30: "Claudius Lvssias been put to death by the emperor Nero,
unto the nmost excellent governor Felix had it not been for the earnest solicitsendeth n   eeting. This mnam  was taken  ations of his brother Pallas, who was at
of thle Jews, an,  should blave been that time in the highest reputation
killed of tbhem: then eaice I,itg  an with the emperor.
army'n1d resenecl'm, having unerstcod tld hat he.a-  ta,0o t,3n. And when  CLAUDT!US 3v, oRn CLAIUDIUS LYI  ov,'ould havC known thel cause where-   SIAS.
fore they acc1sed Iimi, rI brought hi    CLUDIUswaS sthe chief captain that
forth into their council: whomo I per- relieved Paul at Jerusalem, by coming
ceived to be acclced of questions of upon his perscecut ors and rescuing hilml
their Iaw, but to hlive nothing l1aid to from their hands. Tidingswere brought.is chlarge  wort'hy cdof cleatht cr of fbonds. to Lysias of the mob tlhsen persecuting:
And when ift vais told me how that the Parul ani seeln     p to put him  to deaClth.
Jews laid waibt f)r the man, I sent He cam!e down1r upon them  with his solstraightway to thee, cand gave com- diers and quelled the tu.nult and took.
8




CLA                 tE114
ch a r ge of their prisoner. Paul ad- were near hirn when suffering death
dressed himself to the chief captain  upon the Rommn cross.  Like many
who was greatly astonished to find that others of the disciples, Cleopas was
he was a Jew, born in Tarsus, a city in somewhat dispirited when he fobund tilhe
Ciiicia, and he further informzed him Mlarster had yielded up his life.  Up to
that he was a lRoman citizen, free born. that time, he, with others, had expected
~Thi  chief captain allowed him to to see a kingdom  cstablished and ternspeak, which he did boldly, and in his poral delivertance wrought for Israel.
address he claimed his rights and priv- When he was co-versing with a supileges as a lRoman citizen. The chief posed stranger on the road between Jecaptain himself had done him a wrong rusalern and Emmaus, he said, Luke,
in allowing him  to be scourged, and  xxiv: 21, "But we trusted that it had
Paul asks the centurion, "is it lawful been he which should have redeemed
for you to scourge a man that is a Ro- Israel."
nnaD and uncondemnned."  The centu-   It was on the morning of the first
rion went at once and told the chief dclay of the week, the third day after
captain Lyinas, that Paul wa.s a  onan. the sa vir's cr ucifixion, that Cleopas,
Claudis Lytinas went to the perseeu- in. comipany with a disciple, that we
ted a postle and asked him, " art thotu a suppose to have been Saint Luke, went
Ronman?"  Pa-ul answrered'him "Yes.'  to Em1sas. T hat it was Lu ke,,isinferIHe ought to bhave known  it from what red f'aom  the faet that he narrates so
Paul had a sid beare.  Paul had prob- minutely the circumstanc es.  He proably attainted his citizenship by t h e I esses to write nothing in his gospel but
place of hlis birAI1, the city of Tarsus-, a what le can vouah f lr, to have been an
city privi!eged by thl emperor, because eye witness to things which he records.
of services givren hil. Some suppose  eLke, i: 2, "Unto uls which were from
that his fithbler or giancdlather h a d the beginnin g eye witnesses, and iinisserved so firutlflly in war, that this ters of the wore!."  H-e does notc ive
great fa,_vor was bestowed upon them  his  own name in the narration, but
annd their fnmily.  "I wasfree-born." gives the nalmle Cleopas. If he had
Lysias sail, "withl  a great sumn  ob- not been the person, he would have
tained I this freedom."  On account g;ven, it is quite likely, the naie of the
of Roman citizenship Lysinas showed other.
himn favor.                              Cleopas, end his corpanion, as they
When the Jews bound themselves by left Jerusaleim and journeyed towards.an oath to slay Paul before they ate Emlmaus, were conversing to g e tll o r
again, Ptaul heard of it thlrough his sis- earnestly about their master, his death
ter's son, and sent him to Claudius Ly- and burial, and the intelligence  that
sias to give hian the infornation.  He had that morning reached them by the
received it secretly, and at the third womenei that went early to the sepulcher
hour of the night., under the charge of to embalm the body, that lie had risen.
t w o hundred  soldiers, sent Paul to That Peter and John had also gone to
Felix, and sent an explanation of his the sepulcher and had found that the
course in a letter.  Acts, xxiii.     body was gone as the women had said.
They were discussing these things toCLEOPAS-Th71e wlhole yalory           gether, and probably trying to reconcile
CLEOPAS was an early dovoted dis- t h e i  with the prophecies regarding
ciple of our Lord. He is thought to Messiah, and the teachings of Christ
have been brother of Joseph, the hlus- himself when anmong them.  WV h i e'band of the virgin Mary. He was the they were thus talking, Jesus, the
father of four of the distinguished dis- risen Savior, appeared unto t h e m.,
ciples of our Lord, viz: Simon, James but they did not know him. The first
the less, Jude and Joses. The Mary they knew of the presence of a strangei,
who was his wife and the mother of his his voice fell upon their ear, and his
s o n s, was the sister of the blessed form  stood before them. The voic e
virgin.  Ile was, therefre, according was changed so that they did not recogto the flesh, the uncle of Jesus, and his nize it, and their eyes were supernatusons were first cousins.              rally affected, so they did not know him.
Cleopas, with all his family, were fol-   But he said, "what manner of comlowers of Christ, and in all probability I munications are these that ye have one




CLE                I11s1              CON
to anothier and are sad?"  C I e o p a s the same way as he had often done
lookec up and said, "Art thou only a with these and otlher of his disciples
stranger in Jerusalem, and hast not previous to his crucifixion. I"Their
known the things which are come to eyeswere opened."  The supernatural
ptass there in these days?"  Cleopas effect upon their sight was taken off.
seemns Iastonished thhat the strangerwho The sound of a familiar voice fell upon
seemed like themselves to be traveling their ears, and the language and sentifron Jerusalem, should ask such a ment of an often-heard blessing was.question,  having just come from the recognized. "He vanished out of their
city. HI-e then, in a very condensed sight."   He suddenly became invisible,
form, presented the character of Christ, having accomplished the end he deattested by his wonderful rmiraL c 1 es. signed when he joined them as travelHe then referred to his lhaving been ers on the road..
prosecuted by the chief priests and   As soon as they recovered from their
rulers of the nation —condemned and great surprise and interchanged a few
plut to death.  Je then rather ingen- w o r d s as to their feelings, they rose
iously ackno wledged that he and his up and went to Jerusalem. Though it
traveling'companions' once believed was quite late in the day, for it was tothis personage to be the deliverer of wardc evening -when they stopped, yet
their nation, and that they were his they felt that they could not long withdisciples; -but that their fjith was hold or defer giving the disciples at
somewhat shaken, for he had b  e n Jerusalem the testimony they had redead three days. I-e then went on to ceived of Christ's resurrection.  "They.say that some wolell of their acquaint- rose up the,ame hour."  When they
ance astonished them very much that arrived at Jerusaleim and at the room
Umorning with news from the sepulcher where the disciples were accustomed to
of his resurrection. They declared meet, they found them lialso in possession
that they had seen a vision of angels, of imiportant testimony to the same
which told them that he Iwas alive, and truth, -viz. "The Lord hath risen inthat two of their companpions had gone deed, and hath appeared unto Simon,"
-to the sepulcher before they left Jeru- Cleopas related as soon as an opportusalemn and found the report o f the nity was afforded, and the disciples'women correct as to the sepulcher be- gave attention to him, "What things
ing empty and the body gone.        were done in the way, and how he was
Then the seeminlg stranger began to known of them in breaking of bread."
tallk with themn in a way that greatly And their testimony comforted the
astonishedl them. He reproved them, hearts of the disciples. Luke xxiv:
and assunied the position and office of 13-35.
t-e a c h e r. He referred thenm to the   This is all the sacred aeeount.gives of
prophecies and types of the former this disciple. There is no other record
a ge s, and showed them that he of made.
whoi they had been speaking was the
lMessiah, " and beginning at Moses and COLHOZEH- [K'ol-h-ozeh,]
the prophets heexpounded unto themn    A man of the tribe of Judab, in the
in all the scriptures the things con- time of Nehemiah. Neh. iii: 15.
cerning himself."  The discourse with;which theso two disciples were favored CONANIAH —[Ko-na-niah,] 1
was so interesting and instructive that   One of the chiefs of the Levites in
they "took no note of time" or of the time-of Josiah. 2d Chron. xxxv: 9.
distance. Ere they were aware they
were at the place of their destination, CONIAH-E[Ko-niah,] the strength or
and they asked the d is ti ng uished    stability of the Lord.
stranger to tarry with thelz. He did,
and as soon as the repast was provided,   Was the son of Jehoiakim. Hle is
he, at the wish of the disciples, took a also called Jehoiachin.'tIe succeeded
position at the head of thd table, where his father by the appointment of Nebhe could distribute to thlenim as t he uchadnezzar. Coniah-reigned but three
Jewish heads of families distributed months and ten days and was succeeded'to their guests. He took the bread by Zedekiah.  Jer. xxxvii: 1, and
and blessed it and gave thanks, just in 2d Chron. xxxvi: 9,




CON                 [I16i                CO ~
CONONIAH,                             not thou common."  Three times did
1A Levite; director of thle offerings and God show himi in the vision this collectithes in the time of Hezekiah. 2d tion of animals, and three times did he
Chron. xxxi: 32.                      say unto himn, "Rise, slay and eat."
This was to show hiLm that the thing
CORNELIUS-[KEor-ne'li-us, ] a horn was certain.   He awokefroml his vision.:
CORNELIUS was the first Gentile con- and was wondering wThat could be the
vert to Christianity.  I-le was a Roman meaning of it., when the messengers
officer who had. his quarters in Cesarea. fri'om Cornelius arrived before the house"
He was "a centurion of the band called and were making enquiry for him. Pethe Italian. band"." This was an impor- ter was immediately instructedl, by the::
taut band of Rloman soldiers.. It is sup- spirit to go with them; and in order to
posed that all of them were native Ital- make the matter sure and satisfactoryians, who had distinguished themselves'to Peter, the spirit told him'there were
for their true loyalty and, fidelity to the three men, and he was to go with thecnm
government. They may have been the without any doubting' because God had
acting governor's life-guard.         sent them. Peter'went out and invitedl
Cornelius was a devout man,. and one themln in. He received their message,.
that feared God; and he taught and'hospitably entertained them for a night,
impressed his family with the necessity and on the morrow,. procuring six of'
and importance of fearing God~  He the Joppa Christians to go with them,.
and his house served God according to he went to Cesarca.. Cornelius and his
the light they had. He was a cllarita- family were together awaiting' the arble man —' "gave much alms to the peo- rival of Peter, and he had called to.
ple."  And he was a man of' much gether his kinslelcn and acquaintances.
prayer —' he prayecd to God always."   An important event was about to;
God favored him with a vision, and the transpire, and an important era about
ministry of an angel. The angel that to be ushered in on flthe church, viz.:'
appeared unto hiim in the vision spoke the breaking down of the middle wall
unto him in the midst of his fears, and of partition that had existed between.
assuredc him that God accepted his de- the Jewish and: Gentile world.  Soon
votions, and looked with favor upon his these two imipokrtant personages are:
sacerifices.   "Thy prayers and thine.brouglt together, Cornelius and Peter
alms are come up for a menorial before meet, the one to be taught and tlhe
God."  He was then directed to send other teacher.  Cornelius " met Peter
for Peter; who would instruct him in as he was comning in and fell down at
the word: of life, and tell hirm what he his feet and worshipped him."  IHeoukght to do. In accordance with the did not intend to be sinful, but he:
instructions t h us received, he dis- felt his obligations to Peter for con-.
patched two messengers to Joppa from  ing. Peter affectionately checked him,
his household servants, and with them  he took him  up saying, "stand up, I
a devout soldier —a soldier who, like myself also acn a maln."  He then en —
himnself, feared God.  Peter was pre- tered into a familiar conversation with
pared by a vision for these messengers Cornelius, in which lhe learned from.
and their message.  He had seen a (Cornelius' mouth' what the servant
great sheet, knit at the four corners, let had told him.  Peter then compared:
down from heaven, " wherein was all the revelations that had been made to
manner of four-footed beasts of the hIim, with sttatemients made by Corneearth', and wild beasts and creeping lius, and at once earnestly entered
hings, and fowls of the air."' He had upon his work as an ambassador from
teen commanded to eat, and.had made God to the Gentiles. In the openingobjections on account of the laws that sentence of his sermon to Cornelius
governed him as a Jew,-he must not he expresses his: confidence in the
eat anything that is unclean. But the honesty and candor of Cornelius, and
voice that fell upon his ear in the com- the purity of his intentions.  " I permancd is heard again; and this second ceive that God is no respecter of peryoice is a proclamation of the repeal, sons, but in every nation he that fearfor the the time being and for the present eth Gold and worketh righteousness is
case, of the law to which Peter refers. accepted of him..  I-Ie unfolded to;
"What God hath cleansed, that call hiur in a sermonl the truths of th~ic




CO1                 [1171               C  J1 1
Gospel of Christ.  Cornelius and his and Sabtechah. Each one of these sons:friends heard and received that word, I became the head of a large family,
the H-1oly Ghostwas impacted, and the and settled in different parts of the.gifts of that spirit as enjoy'ed by the country.
believing Jews in the beginning were   Cnsh was,also the father of the famanifested by these Gentile converts. mous.Nimrod, ho was a mighty one in
They were baptized, at once in the pres.- the earth. He is called "the mnighty,ence and by tihe orcder of Peter.    hunter before the Lord."  aCush was
The mi-ine of Co-rnelius will go down the father of this distinguished iperson
to the latest generation of man-fin- vwho founded by tyranny,  oppression
mnortalized as it is by thle circumlstance and violence, a mighty kingdom.
o'.of Peter's preaching to him-shis faith
and acceptance with God as the be-' CUSHAN itIS  ATHAIM -[Kush'ginning of tthat glorious work whicYh    an Rish-a-tha'im,] e t aiop ia. n,
shall not e-nAd until the world shall be  blackn.ess of nizquities.
braouglt to Christ.                     CUS-TuAti  RIsIATHADMI was a King of
MAessopotamia, into whose hands Israel
~COZBT [IKoz'bi,] a 1tc/r,.as siiclincg was sold because they did.,evil in the
azCty.                           sight of'the Lord.  ior eight, years
Comzn  was a -iidianitish woman 1  Israel was compelled to serve him.  At...but a pri.ncess. Zlmrl, a prlnee of the length tlhe Lord raised them n1p a detribe of Simneon, married her thereby I;verer in Othniel the son of Kenaz.
comh11it~tneg a grea, crime against God. On Othniel the  suirit of the Lord'She may-not have been guilty of sin rested, and in the beginning of his
by forrming- this a,!liaune with Zifmri as judgeship he -warred with Cushan Rish-lie was.  Yet when Phineas the son atha-im, and prevailed against him.and,of Eleazer went to the tent of Zimri delivered them out *of his hands, after:anel put hin to death, he also put to which Israel had peace and prosperity
death Cozbi.his wife. Num. xxv: 6- for forty years. Jud. iii: 8-10.
S.
CUSHI-I 1 —[Kush'-i,J[ ethiopia, blackCRIE SCENS —[-res'-cens,] growing,        ness,.heat.
increasing.                        Cusr-I was one of servants of King
CRESCENS wa&S one of the fellow David. He was intrusted by Jo a b
ipreachers of Paul, to whom  he refers with private information of the death
in 2d Timothy iv: 10. Crescens seems of Absalom and sent;by that officer to
to have left the apostle Paul while a tell:the king that the rebel Absalom
prisoner at Rome, and went unto Ga- was dead. No soonerihad he received
latia to preach, w-hile Titus went to the order, than he started on the,emDalmatia, and possibly he was the bassy. C"Clushi bowed himself unto
bearer of the apostle's epistle to the' Joab and ran."  VWhen he arrived he
"Galatians.                           delivered his official report of the battle and in a prudent mnanner made;CRISPUS-[Kris'-pus,] curled.         known to David that Absalomn his son.CRisPus was one of the very few wasdead. David asked, "Is theyoung
that were boaptized by the apostle man Absalomn safe,'"  And Cushi an[Paul.  He was chief of the syna- swered. The enemies of my Lord the
gogue at Corinth, and converted to king and all that rise against thee to do
christianity under the apostolic mmin- thee hurt, be as that young mlan is. By
istry, and received baptism  at his this language of C]ushi David learned
-hands. Acts xviii: 8, and 1st Corin- that Absalom was dead. 2d Sam. xviii.
thians i: 14.
CUSHI. 2-Ethiopian, blackness, heat..CUSll:E-[Kn'rshu.                     He was the fhther of the prophet
Crisn was the eldest son of Ham,: Zephaniah. Zep. i: 1.
and the grandson of Noah, as we'learn from Gen. x: 6-S. "And the CY tEN IS- [Cy-re'-ni-us,] w h o
sons of Ha1m, Cush &c."  He was the      governs.
father of Seba, the founder of the   CYR NI-mus is brought to our view as;Sebeans, Havilah, Sabta, Raamah the Governor of -Syia,  in Luke ii: 2.




CYR                 [118]                CYR
"And this ta-xing was first made when That saith of Cyrus, He is my shepCyrenius was governor of Syria.."  The hercl, and shall perfolr  all my pleastax  referred  to, ordered  by Cesar ure, even s"aying to Jerusalem,  Thou
Augustus was levied and collected while shalt be be built. ancl to te temple, Thy
this person was President of Syria. foundation slhall be laid."
Jewish history informs us that he wa's   Here is not only his, name given,
not governor at the time the decree but a clear allusion to the mode of
went forth, nor for ten years afterwards. entering and conquering Babylon, viz':
But when he entered on the duties of by the drained river.  There is also
his office he discharged them promptly  an allusion to the benefit that shall
and with fidelity to the government flow to Israel by his conquest —their
that hlad placed him in the position. deliveranLe firom  Babylonian captivI-Te demanded that it be done faith- ity —their return to their- own laid —
fully- It is t'hought by -some that he and their rebuilding Jerusalem, the
was in office in the R.omlan Government holy city and the temple or house of
at the. time of the ordering of the eon- the Lord.  lie was spoken of frerollment and was sent with several quently by this prophet, and all his.
others by tlhe Einperor' to Syria to en- prophercies have been, fulfilled. He io
force it. I-Ie  succeeded  k-ierod  and referred to in some of the visions of
Arehelaus as Governor of Syria.       Danaiel. In lDan. viii: 20, lie is repreIt Nwas this enrollllent that led Jeseph sented cy Dani el's ram  w ith  two
and iNairy to Bethlehemi their own city horns. " The two horns are the kings
at thle time Jesus was born.          (or kingdoms) of IMedia and Persia.'"
These two kingdoms were. united in
CVYlUS —[Cy'-rus, ] oas' misable, as the person of Cyrus.  In ]Dan. vii: 5
7heir, thie bl-.ly.               Cyrus is represented by a bear:  "'
CYuus is often denominated the second like to a bear, and it raised up
Persian conqueror.  i-Te was at the itself on one side, and it had three'
head of a large number of Gthe Persian ribs in the. mouth. of it, between thce
soldiery, assisting his uncle Cyaxares teeth of it, and they said thus unto,
when lie was contending w i t Ih the it, Arise, devour much flesh,"
mighty empire of Babylon. In coml-   After Cyru-Is had- conquered Babypany with his uncle, he gave the ion, Darius, the Mtede, was king; but
Babylonians battle, and put theml to his reign wvas short. In two years he
flight. He, gained many laurels as a died, and Cyrus,. having married his
~warrior, and finally besieged the city only daughter, fell heir to the crown,
of Babylon. He effected his ends in and reigned king on the: throne of'
the ta taking of the city during the cere- Babylon. We learn, from  the book
monies of an annual feast-a feast of Ezra, that in the first year of his
that Belshazzar, the king, made in reign, he made a written proclamation
honor of the image that Nebueliad- throughout his kingdom1 in favor of
nezzar, his grandfather, set up in the the Jews.
plains of Dura. It was during' the   It may be that he was not specially
third year of Belshazzer's reign that acquainted with the prophecies reBabylon was conquered anld taken by garding him. as the deliverer of Israel
Cyrus by stratagem. He diverted the fro1  captivity'; but yet the Lord, who
course of the river that ran uander the had inspired the prophet, "stirred up
walls and through the city, by means the spirit of Cyrus " to is s u e the.
of a canal dug by his soldiers. Hav- decree.  Ezra, i: 2t:  "Th us saith
ing drained the river, hle marched his Cyrus,. king of Persia, The Lord: God
soldiers into;the bed, under the walls. of Heaven. hath given mec all t h e
and into the city.                    kingdoms of the earth, and he hath
~ Cyrus was anl limlporltant personage chargedl me to build him an house at
— the subject of prophecy as the. eon- Jerusalem, which is in' JuCdahl."
queror of Babylon and the deliverer   This was in accordance with the
of Israel.  His name was declared by prophecy of Jeremiah. He c al1 e dt
Isaiah in prophecy more than a hun- upon the Jews throughout his kingdred years before he was born. Isa. dom, as many as wouldcl, to go up toxliv: 27, 28: " That saith to the deep, Jerusalem and rebuild the house of
Be dry;. and I will dry up thy rivers. the Lord; nc, d. he ordered. that. those.




CYR                [119]               DAN
wvho were comfortably settled, and did seriously damnaged. The men of Ashnot wish to go, should assist those dod raised it up and set in its place
that did go. As none of thera were again. Ist Sam. v.
compelled to go, but whoever went,   But the next morning when they
went of their own free will and ac- went into their temple, Dagon was
cord, and, as thie journey was a long fallen upon the threshold and broken.
one, and the work a hard one, they On account of this affair, the priests
who staid in Babylon should give sil- and men of Ashdod never afterwards.
ver and gold, and goods, and beasts; trod upon the threshold, but when
and under his instructions they thus they caine to the temple junlped or
acted.  They gave vessels of silver bounded through the door.
and gold, or articles of value to those
who designated themselves as volun- P tALIAH —[Dal-a-i'ah.]
tCers in this great and good work, and   DALIAHAT WaS the sixth son of Eliso "strelG-thezed their hands."      oenai, and a descendant of the royal
Cyrus brought forth the ves'se0ls of family of Judah. 1st Chron. iii: 24.
thef house of the Lord fromi the temnp )e of Belus.  They had been de- DALPHON-[Dal'-fon.
posie d t I e r e by Nebuehadnezzar   DALPHON WoaS one of the ten sons
w1 he1n he conquered Jerusalem, iand of Haian  who wi-e-  hanged in Shuransaeked and pillaged the temple, shan, the palaes, on the day of the
andcl probably had never been moved slaughter of the enemnes of thle ews.
or nUIed, save when Belshazzar was The najmes of his obrothers were Parindihtighg in the ceremonies and sac- shandatha, Aspatha, Poratha, Adalia,
ri;eg ous  revelry of his last feast. Arlidatha, Parmashta, Arisai, Aridai,
Cyruts gave these  vessels into the -ud VajezatIha. Esther ix: 7-9.
hands of Zerubbabel, the piince  of
Judah,  who had been a strracger.i3 P)A   API S —a-[l /a-ris,] a t ttle ioB.ob b'noz  but now enters wilh joy upon    a;zc,.'..
tuhe work of returning to his native   P) ATiARI  s w a an Athenialn woman
counstry'and the land ot his people. converted to ehristi anity throuflh the
Cyrus gave over to hlrn th'e vessels of insLt-uimentality of P3aul's preaching.
gold and silver to the number of five Acts xvii: 34.  She is tahought by
thousand and four hlundred; and in some to Liave been the wife of Piopross,css on of tlhese lilportant treas- nysius, the Areopagite.
ures, he went to Juda and began his
work, and, about twenty years after DANt- J', cJigd.mezt, lhe tcIatjtdclges.
Cyrus gave  s im commandilent to re-   DAN -was the fifth son of Jacob and
build the house, it was finished.    the oldest son of Bihl ah, who was given
Cyrus is supposed to have died at to Jacob to wi;e by his beloved Rtaehel.
the age of seventy years, but the man- Gen. xxx: 4.  "And she gave hirm
ner of his death is not known. le Bilah, her handmllaid to wib.''" When
was a very remarkable person, who, in she brought fobrth unto Jacob a son,
thie labor of life accomplishld thie  uRachel claimed himn  as her -son and
divine purpose regardiug iriael.    gave hini the name Pan.  This son of
Jacob had but one son, and he was
GCOI-[Da' ro-gn ] corn, a fish. nan-lsed Hushimn, or Shuam. 0en. xrlvi:
)  AGON was the principal idol- 23.  " And the sons of Dan, iHushiim. "
god of tihe Philist-ines-half nian and But though Dan had but one son hishalf fish. The upper part r epre - family grcatlVy increased afterwards.  It
sentled a nanl and the lower part a fish. wras a little over two huncdred years
Whlen the ark of Godl was captured when the Exodus from Egypt took
by the Philistines, and placed in the place, and they then numbered sixtytemple of Dagon, at Achod, the image two thousand seveln hundred, under the
or idol Dagon fell before It, and the commuiland of Ahiezer, the son of Aimhead and harInds were broken off on amishaddai, "a11 that were able to ge,
the threshold. 1st Sam. v. It seems f-orth to war.' The name and work of
that the first norning after tGe ark Alhiezer their cozzmmancder, and of the
was placed in the tenlple beside the number of warriors in their tribe is
image, the image fell, but was not given inNumn. i: 12-38. "They greatly




DAN                 [120]              DAN
increseed as a tribe of Israel while they Ezra viii: 2. Several years after this
were in the wilderness. "  Num. xxvi: when Nelhemni h remembered and con42, 43.  "These are the sons of Dan fessed the sins of Israel, for which
after their families: of Shubham, the they had been pumshed, the nercy of
family of the F3huhamites. These are of God as, it had been manifested to
the famililes of Dan, all the famlilies of them  in sparing theim anaidst their
the Shuhamnites according to those that wickedness, was acknowledged, and
were numnbered of them  were three he entered into a solemn covenant
score and four thousand and four hun- with God.  He then set his seal as
dred. "  Wheon Moses selected spies to the governor, to the covenant, after
searich  the promised land and bring him  the priests sealed, and then the
him and all israel word as to the coun- chiefs of the people.  Daniel was
try, he selected Amnmiel, the son of among the priests that sealed.  Neh.
G-emalli. Num. xiii: 12. And when x: 6.
the Lord gave Moses instruction as to
how the land slhould be divided, he or- DANIEL, 3 —uJzdq,;e2?t t of Cod.
dered that their prince Bnukki, the son   DANIEL the prophet was of the
of Jogii should act fbir ]Dan in the divi- t'ribe of Judah. hLie was a descendsion of it. Num. xxxiv: 22. Heo did ant of the kingks.  Yet he was taken
so, aind they took their inheritanie ac- along with many others as a captive
cording to Joshuaxix'  40-49.  I     int to  tabtylon.  Being  of royal line
possession they were plagucld with the and that fact being known, imay lave
Amorites,  who dcrove them  into the had somethinllg to do witlh htis selection
mnountains for a while, as we learn fiomn  by Nebuchuhadnezzer, the king of BabyJudges i  3!4.' And the Alnorites I ion,  or t a pIace in bis court. -iHe with
foreed  the chicldren of Dan into the his three companions Shadrach,  Toemountains, for they would not, quffr shach and Abednego, was educated in
themu to come down into thle valley."'the Chaldean language and learning,
The house of Joseph, or the tribe of and he waTs raised to great rank and
Ep ll rain  camel  to their relief, conquered positiion in t}ls.o migh ty empire of BJD-abythe Anlorites, and obliged them to be 0on, and aftcerwatrds in the empirie oT
tributaries.                         Peria. is  s\ AssTrin name vwas EeltesltzzOar.   ThIe na.me was given to
DANIEL 1-[Dan'ieol,] jzdzcyzen of hims by the princoe of tihe Eunuche.
God.                             Dan. i: 7.  t'his n8ec given him was
DANIEL was a son of'David by Abi- in  acCi crdance with the irwishes of
ail  1 formerly -the wi-e of Nabal Bthe  Nebuc h adnezzar.  The king recogCsarmelite. 1st Chron. iii 1. " Now nized it as his proper name, for in
these were the sons of David which Dan. iv: 8 he scays: "Bu t at the last
were born unto hLim in Hebron; tihe IDaniel came before me, whose name
first-born  Amenon the son of Alhino- was  ]clteeshazzar, according to the
am the Jezreelitess; the second Dan- lname of my God." 1He was probably
iel of Abigail the Camuclitess."  It is about eighteen or twenty years of age
quite likely that this was the  same when lie was carried away captive to
person called in 2d Sam. iii: 3, by Babylon, but he was a devoted seranothler name.  "And  his second veInt of the living God, and took his
(son) Chileab of Abigail the wife of religion with him and maintained his
Nabal the Carmuelite."  It is certain charact-er as a pious Jew, surrounded
that the mother of him who is called by the idolatry and wickedness of the
Daniel, was the inotlher of Chileab, corrupted Babylonian court.  When
and they are said to behe "se the "second,"  the course of education of Daniel and
hence they must be the same person.  his comnpanions commenced, under
what many would have considered
DANIEL, 2-Judgmen't of Cod.          very favorable circumstances, for they
]DANIEL,  there was a Daniel who were appointed a daily provision of
was a priest, and who attended Ez;a the king's meat, and of the wine which
-to the land of Judea.  When Ezra the king drank.  Daniel became'went up fron Babylon in the reign of aroused to a sense of duty. Dan. i:
Artaxerxes, the king, " of the sons of 13. " But Daniel purposed in his heart
Ithamer, Daniel went up with him." thait he would not defile himself with




DAN                 [1211]               DAN
the portion of the kimg's meat, nor the king, and he examinled thema as to
witi the wine which he. drank,  there- the progress they had made, the king'o
fore he recquested of Ashpenaz that he decision was, "that in all matters of
migght not defile himself."  D-aniel wisdom and understanding they were
made known this purpose of his heart ten times better than all the magicians
unto 0eza1r first. This servant of the and astrologers that were in all his
pri ice of tlhe Eunuchs had charge of realm."
Daniel and  his comlnDcslios cas to   T hl ui  we behold the self-sacifiee
giving theml food and cIothing, proper and industry of Daniel r e w a r dled.
apartmenlts, heal;thy cxercise, e t. The king aceknowledged his wyisdlot
And Ie elzar liay havI-e mlade it known and promoted him in a short time to
unto Ashpenas; at any rate Daniel's high positionl. By this the envy of
request was granted.                  aspir'ants for o-ffce among the BabyThe reason - wy  he demanded a lIonins wmas excited and they becanie
change of diet Ifr h.miself and his his enemies, and sought to ruin him
comnl anlons from that appointed was, by bringing aecusations against him
in all probabiity, that it would be a before the kinzg.
violation of the Jewish law regarding   It was ducriug the second year orf the
the efat.ing of neat. The Babylonians reign o'f this king, for he reigned  two
ace those  beasts wThic1 were unclean years 1s connection with his father  heaccording to the Jewish law.  They for he e reigned alone, that he had a
ate beasts which had not been properly succcession of dreams which g r e a t l y
bled, but r ltd ben stxraingled to death. troubled him. E1e called to hifm  the
The Babylonian-s also  ate animnials that wise men of Babylon amnd demanded of
were olcbred in sacrial"e to their gods. them  what a partictult r dreamr  w as
Io wonder hat Die l objected.         which had troubled his mind. They
Hie asked of M'elzar tthatl t-hey mighlt thought it a very hard requisition on
hasve Ia eeetable diet. " Give us pulse the part of thl k1ing, and promised him
to eat ndr water to drink "  At first if he would only give themli the dream,
3Mezy zar wras nnwiln;g   1for he thought they would give hilm the interpretation
th, at the effect orf ving on such diet thereof. This, however, he could not
under hinL wou1d be tIhab they would do, for lie could not call it up. It is
no t  pro per —tlhat such hard living true, that this demand, and the threat
would rectuce t'heu1, and that soon a if they did not, " they should be cut in
colmplaintwoud be todged agairns himu  pieces," was exceedingly tyrannical. It
anCl his course in chaunging tlleir diet seelmed to be cruel in the extrel ie
firolrthe hking' appoinltment. lt would They plead against the injustice, but
be known, and his life would be in their pleading was all in vain, the king
dacnnger. Daniel then entered into an became furious and in his anger coniagreement with i iielzar 1tat they mnanded to destroy them  all. Hence
should be tried for ten dlays on the diet the decree went forth and would have
he proposed, and if' their countenances been executed in a short time, had not
had chamnged'or tihe worse, or if they [Daniel heard of it and interfered. It
did not compare favorably i1n appear- is quite probable that he, with his thl-ee
ance with the youig mnen that contin- companions, were numbered among the
ned to eat the portion of the king's wise men, and would have fallen in the
meat, then he would give it up.  Ie slaughter. Daniel and his fellows were
would no longer insist upon a change. sought for.  When the king's captain,
Tlelzar agreed to this, and at the end Arioch, was about to execute this deof ten days was satisfied that they were cree, or see that it was executed, Daniel
not injured at all, but that they looked checked him  by saying, "'why is the
better, healthier than before, and he decree so hasty from  the kini?   t it Is
acquiesced in the wishes of Daniel for not likely that he had been applied to
himself and his coumpanions.          and yet his life was sought after in exeFor three years this was their diet, cuting thle decree.  Arioch thus stopand they had prospered physically, and pede in his work of death, went to inthey had rapidly improved under their form the king that Daniel had spoken
educators. They became learned in and had indicated that after all the
the Chaldean language and literature, dream might be recalled and the interso that when they were brought unto pretation given.




DAN                 [122]               DAN
The king was glad to hear it, espe- the greatness of God who had made
cially from one who had developel so it known unto him, for he had told
much wisdom  as Daniel, during his ex- the king when he was brought into
amnination. Daniel appeared in person his presence to reveal the secret, that
before the king, and expressed a desire it was not because of any wisdom hle
that he would stay the execution of the had more than any living man that he
decree for awhile.  "Give me," said could do it, but because there was a
Daniel, "a little time and I will show  God in hea-ven that reve-aleth secrets.
the king the interpretation."  Daniel The king then declared that Daniel's
then went to his three companions and God was "the God of Gods, and the
informed them of the interview he had Lord of Lords," greater than  all
had with the king and of the promise ot'hers, anc  the ruler in heaven and
hle had made. They heard, as he rep- earth. Because of the interprretation
resented the case, and in all probability of this dream, Daniel ~was greatly
englaged with him in earnest prayer to promoted.  it is said the king m1ade
God fbor a revelation, that Daniel might him  a great iman.  " Hl  gave him
inmake known unto the kinig, both the mnany g'reat gi-fts, and umade him ruler
dreanm and the inte rpretation thereof. o-ver the whole province of Babylon,
They realized thal in the execution of and chief of the governors over all
the decree, they would perish  with the wise men of Babylon."  After
the wise mnen of Babylon. In the vi- Daniel was tlhus   vortled and prosions of that niglit God revealed to meted, he spake to the king in behalf
Daniel, the lost dreami of king Nebu- of his three companions.  As they
chadnezzar.  Ile acknowledged the di- hadc shared his peril and his anxieties,
vine goodness and praised the Lord  and prayed with Lim to their God for
and in possession of tle secret, he has- lighL and help, he wished thel  to
toned to Arioch, who was waiting to ishare in the promotion. Accordingly
enter upon the slaulghter, and bade him  through his innluence, they were set
not destroy the wise men, for he was over the affairs of the province of
now in possession of the dreain and the Babylon.  While Daniel  was tlihe
interpretatlon thereof                chief' officer, and the confidant anc
Arioch thien brought Daniel in be- counsel1or of the Iing, his tmihree conmfore the king in haste, and infornmedl panlois were officers nluder him in the
hiu that he was ready to give the Ling piovince of Babylon.
the desired informiltion.  The kinig    Te find Daniel again engaeec in inthen bade Daniel proceed, which lie terpreting a dcream for Kin gNebucehaddid, atributing lthe revelation to the nezzar, recorded in the 4th chlapter of
God of Heaven. The first thing he de- ]Daniel. The wise men of Babylon who
velopedl was, that the dreanm  was con- had been applicd to had failed, and the
cerniug things that should take place king came to Dalniel and rehearsed his;n the latter days.  He then gave dream. It was the vision of the tree
Nebuchadnezzar the drceam of the inm- hewn down and the stunip left.  He
age composed of gold, silver, brass, heard it and was not a little perplexed,
iron and clay, andc the stone cut out for lie saw its imrpo-rt: that himself the
of the mountains without hands, that king for seven years should be humbled
smote the image and  broke  it to by the God of Heaven for his wickedpieces, and crushed it to dust, and that ness, by being driven out friom,sen and
became a great mountain, and filled made to dwell with the beasts of the
the whole earth.  l.e then went on to field.  It is not strange that Daniel was
g'ive the interpretation of the dream. astonished for a time, and that lie felt
Nebuchadlezzar acknowledged t h i s that the task imposed upon him was a
to be the dream, and lhe witnessed difficult and a delicate one. lie saw
such wisdom  in Daniel while he gave that the king would wander as a maniac
the meaning of it, as he had never for seven years, but after that he should
seen in any other man, insonmuch that return to his kingdonm.
he fell upon his face before Daniel,   Having given in an unvarnished way
and worshiped him, supposing him to the interpretation of the dream, he venbe a god or divine b e in g.  Daniel, tured to give the king a bold and earnwe may suppose, forbade him, and en- est exhortation to repentance and redeavoredl to impress his nmind with formation.  "Wherefore, 0 King, let




DAN                  [123]               DAN
my counsel be acceptable unto thee, and prompted by the queen mother, sent
break off thy sins by righteousness, and ior Daniel, and he came and looked
thine iniquities by shoewing mercy to upon it and understood it at once.  It
the poor, if it may be a lengthening of may be the characters belonged to the
thy tranquility. "  Here he charges the language in which Daniel was born, an~
king witlh hLaving been ain oppressive that he had learned before his ca'ptivity
man-one that oppressed the poor. IHe in Jerusalem, or in the land of Judena,
pleads with him  to, cease from his sins And though the writing imported tt'
— to stop his course of wickedness and speedy dissolution of the king and oe
bring forth fruiits meet for repentance. the kingdom, because the decree of
But it seems lhe did not heed or profit God was that Medlia and Persia s1ouldC
by the exhortation; for not long after- divide Babylon as a prey, yet Daniel
wards, with a heart inflated with pride, boldly declared the import of the writas he wNalked in the )paace of Babylon  inDg, pIreceding it with a solemn chai-ge
andc contemplated  the greatness and of the sins of which he was guilty.
glory of his dominions, he said, "Is not   When ]Darius becane the king of
this great Babylon, that i have built Babylon, Daniel was made the first of
for the house of the kingdom  by tehe the presidlens that were set over 1the
might of my power and for the honor one hundrced ancd twenty prcnces that
of my mnjesty?"  -Ie attributed every- Dariusgave provinces to in his kingdom.
thing to himself, an d acknowledged Wlhen the  two presidents and  theGod in nothing.  God was angry with princes saw that Daniel was preferred
him for this pride and wickedness; and above them all, they set themselves to
while the words were yet on, his lips, work to find sormething against him by
the voice of God fell upon his ear, say- which they might accuse hinm to the
ing, "'The kingdom is departed friom  king. But they were nlsuccessful; for
thee."  He had time, it may be, to call Daniel's whole course was marked with
to minid Daniel's interpretation of his the strictest fidelity to the king and his
dream, and the earnest exhortation he vast kingdom.  They theren-ore detergave hiim, when behold! the blast of mined to seel an occasion against him
the breath of an angry God came on concerning the law of his God. They
him, —reason was hurled firon her seat, determined to assail his religion. Their
and the king fronm  his throne.  A  plan for accusing him was deeply laid.
dreadful fit of madness came upon hinl, They knew  he was as faithful to the
and he deserted the city and palace and God of his fathers, as lhe was to Darius
sought a home1 with the beasts in the and the interests of his government,
woods and deserts. Here was the coin- and that it would be very difficult to
mencement of the fulfilhnent of Dan- imake him  abjure his religion.  They
iel's declaration.                     called a convocation of the princes, and
During the time of Nebuchadnezzar's the two presidents under Daniel, and
insanity, Evil IMerodach, his son, exer- after consulting together they concludedc
cised authority as his regent, anc Dan- on their course.
iel remained in office. And when Bel-   They matured a plan and wuent to the
shazzar, the grandson of Nebuchadnez- king with it. The plan was to destroy
zar, ascended the throone of Babylon, Daniel, and it was involved in a propoDaniel was still in office, though for a sition to the king to do him homage Ifor
wvhile not so prominent as he had been thirty days; to make hin alone the obin an earlier day. But at length, in the  ject of worship.  The king's anmbition
third year of this king, a circumstance  was flattered by this proposition, and
occurred that for a short time placed he agreed that there should be such a
Daniel in possession of great honor, for law passed.  He issued the decree and
he was clothed in scarlet and a chain of stamped it with the seal of the empire,
gold was put about his neck, and a pro- so that it became unalterable for thirty
clamation made that he should be the days. The king himself had not the
third ruler in the kingdom.            power to c h a n g e it until the time
Belshazzar, on the night of his bac- was out.  Daniel saw this deep laid
chanalian feast, was terrified by the scheme of his enemies to destroy him,
handwriting on the wall, and he called but he was not alarmed.  Undaunted,
his wise men to read it and interpret it, he continued his devotion to his God:
but they could not.  Belshazzar, "He. went into his house, and his win



DAN                 [1241              DAN
dows being opened in his chamber to- he could not sleep. He would h'lve
vwalds Jerusalem, he kneeled upon his no music, neither would he eat. Dakrnees three times a day, and prayed rius went to the den of lions early in
and ga- e thanks before his God, as he the morning, and laid his royal hand
did aLforetiine."  He might, it may be, upon the signet with which the stone
I   e secluded himself fronm the gaze of had been sealed, and in full confidence
the world or his enemies. He imiglht that the God of Daniel had taken
Ie-ave 3losed his windows, and yet turned care of him, " He cried with a lamlenthis faee towards Jerusalem  and the able voice," and his heart was so -iull
temple, as probably was the custom of of sorrow and grief that he exclaimed,
all the Jews when in captivity or in a " 0 Daniel, servant of the living God,
fbreign land, as Solomon indicated it is thy God whom thou servest continshould be when he dedicated the tern- ually able to deliver thbee fromn  the
pie. He prayed to God that lie would lions?"  By this time his heart was
hetar the prayers of those who might greatly eased of its burdent, for his
be in strange lands, or in captivity, eye rested on himn  probably as hle
~when they should turn their faces to- stood surrounded by the lions, but if
ward their own land, the city which Inot, his voice fell upon the ear o'f the
God had chosen, and the house dedi- king in the oft repeated sallutation:
cated to his name.  Daniel was not "0 king, live forever."  Thea Daniet
afraid to be seen. The same'decision related to the king how he bad been
of chtaracter that had marked himr, be- preserved, and why that innocency
fore. imarlked him now.              was found in him, both toward God
His enemies went to the king with and the king, and the innocency -had
tl.e charge against him of violating been proved by his p r e  e  v a tio no
the royual statutes.  There was no trial King Darius was exceedingly glad,
to prove him guilty, for he did not and took Daniel up out of the den,
deny the charge.   When the king and then ordered that the conspirators
saw that his first president was about and accusers of Daniel, with their
to be destroyed, he was much dis- wives and children, be cast into the
pleased wvith himself for his great den, and ere they reached the bottou,
toliy in signing such a deeree, and lie the lions destroyed them.
tried ineffectually to have it annulled,   Daniel took his position again in the
so that Daniel might be saved. The government, and continued to retain
princes and presidents met together, it through the reigns of Darius;  t Ihe
and insisted that the law should be M3ede and Cyrus the Persian.
executed at once. D a r i u   had no   it is worthy of remlark thi;t Daniel
power to resist, and hence commanded served under five kings, N ebuehadthlat they cast Daniel into the den of n e z z a r, Evil Merodach, Be lshazzar,
lions. But as lhe signed D aniel's   Darius and Cyrus, and yr   and un lii k e t lie
death warrant with a heavy heart, he courtiers of kings, he never fiatered,
thoeught of his many excellencies —his but always faithfully discharged his
fidelity to the government ever since duty. When it became necessary for
he was made an officer, and his wisdom  him  to reprove, he reproved. A n d
manifested in his counsel, in framing when the judgments of God were deof laws, and interpretation of dreamns, creed against any of them, Le fearlessly
acnd he said to him: " Thy God whom  declared the decree, and specified the
thou servest continually will deliver judgments coming upon them.
thee."                                 Daniel had renown for wisdom and
Daniel was cast into the dclen, but piety when a youth, for the prophet
when he reached the floor where the E z e k i el ranges himn with Noah and
wild beasts were, he found them mild Job. Eze. xiv: 14: " Though these
and gentle and playful as so many t hree men, Noah, Daniel and Job
lambs. Their ferocity had been al- were in it," &c. And again, Ezekiei
layed by the power of Daniel's God. xxviii: 3:  "Behold, thou art wiser
They were all in the charge of a new  than Daniel-there is no secret that
master. They had an angel-keeper, they can hide from  thee."  T h ese
and Daniel an angel companion.  The p a s s a g e s represent Daniel when a
king was so troubled over the execu- young man, and he increased in wistion of the decree in Daniel's case, that dom and piety all through his life.




DAN                 [125]               DAR
It is quite likely that he did not re- quest by Cyms and the release of the'
turn to his native land, but continued Jews.
in Babylon in office until he died.'We   As soon as he was crowned king in
do not know when he did close up, in Babylon he appointed one hunndred
the providence of his God, his event- and twenty princes as governors of
ful earthly career; but the impression provinces in his kingdom, and over
is that he died soon after his last vision, these governors three presidents or
which is dated in the third year of the principal governors, of whom Daniel
reign of Cyrus.                      was one and the first of them.  He
The book of Daniel is a genuine was very Lnuch vexed by the conspira n d a u t e n t i c book. The Jewish acy of these princes for the destrnuc
church and nation have so taken it, tion of Daniel.  But after the latter
and Josephus puts Daniel down as the was delivered from  the den of lions,
greatest of the prophets. Our Savior the king published an edict that all
cites his words and styles hih'" Daniel his subjects should fear the G-od of
the propleot, and the apostles have, Daniel and of the Jews.  id e deseveral of them,. referred to his proph- manded that they reverence thle God
eeies.  Msany of his prophecies have of heaven. The language of his debeen literally fulfilled, and others of eree was as follows   I [make a decree
themn  are now  in course of fulfill- in every dominion of my kingdom that
ment.                                men tremble and fear before the God
of Daniel, for he is the living God-.
DALRDA -- [Dar-dahI,] house of t-he and steadfast forever, and his kingdom
shpepherd.                       that which shall not be destroyed, and
DARiDAI,  a son of Iahol,  one of four his dominmiion sRhail be even unto the
men of great fame for their wisdom, end, etc."  A s-anige decree  this for
but surpassed by Solomon.  They arce a  heheathen  king, but the proof of
reLerred to in 1st Kings iv: 31. He Dacniel's innocency anid the power of
is the samne person it is thought  vho his GCod in his preservation among the
is called in 1st Chron. ii: 6, Dara.    hungry lions was such that he was
fully convinced.
APIUS,, 1-[D a-ri-us,] he th7at zn-   Darius wicas SiXtby-two years old when
qgures aad ioforms himself.      he becamle kinr in  a b y 1 o n —he.DARIUS the Miede succeeded Bel- reigned only two years when he died
shazzar to the throne of Babylon. He and CyrLus succeeded him.
was the son of Astyages a king of the
iModes, an c a brother of the mother DARIUS, 2 — e theat in'qlmres and in,of Cyrus the conqueror of Babylon.    form's himnself.
He was also the brother of the mo-   DARIUs HYSTASP-ES or the son of
ther of  Evil Meroceh.   He was Hystaspas is supposed to have been Lthe
therefore the uncle of Cyrus and the Ahasuerus of script-ure, the husbaind of
great uncle of Belshazzar whom  he the devoted and sacrifici ng Esther. See
succeeded. There seems to have been Ahasue-rus.
considerable war between  Babylon
and Media and Persia, before Cyrus DARIUS, 3-H-Je that inquires and fithe Persian conquered it in the reign    formzs himself7.
of Belshazzar, and it was taken as a   DARIus CODAhIANNUs was th-e last
prey and divided between the Medes of the Persian Kings of that age.  e
and Persians according to Daniel's in- is mnentioned in Neh. xii: 22.  4The
terpretation of thle last character of Loevites in the days of Eliashib, Joiadsa.
the h a n d - w r it i n g on the wall. Johanan and Jaddua were recorded
Though Daniel in his book of history chief of the fathers; also the priests to
and prophecy has not given us an ae- the reign of Darius the Persian."  It
count of wars during the reigns of is supposed that this Darius was raised
the three kings under which he served up froml  a low condition and position in
previous to Darius beconming the king the government to be the king.  1-Ie is
in Babylon; yet the prophets Isaiah said to have been a courier to Darius
and Jerenmiah have given in proph- Ochees who promoted hinmz  o the
eeies, an account of wars upon Baby- governorship of' Armenia.   The feat he
lon, and finally its capture and con- performed which brought. hima notoriety




DAR                 [1261              DAY
and honor was thlat of fighting a duel   He is first introduced to our notice as
and coming off a conqueror. Any mann a shepherd boy. When Saul, the first
the Persia-. army could produce for a king of Israel, proved unfaithful to the
single comzbat was challenged, and command of God, who had erected a
Darius took up the challenge of th.e throne in Israel, and selected him  as
enemy and came off the victor,. He king to sit on that throne, it was deterwas of royal blood, but not very near mined that the kingdom should not rethe throne. Yet one of the servants of main in -his family. And the prophet
the King of Persia determined to make Samuel, who had been the last judge
him king, and to accomplish his work of Israel, was sent to the house of Jesse
nmurdered the reigning king and placed to select a successor for Saul fro m
him on the throne, so that he became amlong his sons. It was Saimuel that
the king of Persia. Alexander the had anointed Saul king.  Saul'had
great, the. Macedonian conqueror, war- been disobedient, and now the prophet
red with his kingdom  and took it, is comminissioned to anoint another.
Darius was slain, and so ended, accord- He prepared a horn of oil, and went to
to the prophecies of Daniel the Persian Bethlehem. i-e called Jesse and hi's
dynasty.                             sons to the sacrifice, and without letting
the principal object of his visit from
DAR1KO N-[Dar'-kon.]               lRamah at this tl;ime be known unto the
The children of D)arkon were among people, he sought an interview with the
the servants of Solomon who returned ifmiily of Jesse, and Jesse caused his
from Babylon with Zerubbabel. Ez. ii: sons to pass Xefore the prophet that he
56 and Neh. vii: 58.                 m  i gt look upon them. Wbhen he
looked upon Eliab, the eldest, hle said,
DAT H-iAN —][Dc a-tLhan,] lawce, rites.'"Surely the Lord's anointed is before
DATHrAN was associated with Korah him,"  But in this he was mistaken.
and Abiram in thle rebellion against I The Lord let him know that he wasjnot
M,]oses. He was the brother of Abi- to judge of stature or outward apjpearram ancld the son of Eliab, as we learn ance, for'" the Lord seeth not as man
from  Num. xvi: 1.  In the 13th and seeth, for man looketh on the outward
14th verses we have a very seditious I appearance but God looketh at t he
speech of these two sons of Eliab. heart."  All the sons of Jesse passed
Moses hlad sent for them to come to before Samuel except David, who was
him, for he desired a conversation in the field with the slheep.
with them, and, if possible, to quell   When Samuel saw that God had not
their multinous spirit and feeling; but selected either of the seven, he asked,
they sent hinm word that they would "are here all thy children?"  Jesse annot. The following is their speech:   swered that they were all here except
"' Is it a small thing that thou hast the youngest. HTe bade Jesse send for
brou:ght us up out of a landl that flow- h;-im, and he did. As soon as Samuel
eth with milk and honey, to kill us in saw the lad, he was satisfied that this
the wilderness, except thou make thy- was the one that was to be anointed.
self altogether a prince over us,? And in the company of' Jesse and his
M-oreover, thou  hast not brought us other sons, Samuel poured the oil upon
into a land that fioweth with milk the head of David, and so designated
and honey, or given us inheritance of him  as the Lord's anointed for the
fields and vineyards. Wilt thou put throne of Israel.  1st Samuel, xvi:
out the eyes of these men?  We will 12.
not come up?"                         From the tilme that Samuel anointed
What insolent language this to the David lhe was blest with the spirit and
meek a n d God-fearing Moses. lHe favor of God. He increased under the
was destroyed, with all that he had, as influence of that spirit, in wisdom, pruwas Korah and Abiram.                dence, courage and true magnanimity.
IHe had natural gifts that were probably
DA VID-[Da'-vid,] beloved, dear.    not developed so as to attract particuDAVID was the youngest son of Jesse. larly the attention of his father, and of
He was of the line of Judah, from  his brothers, previous to the visit of
whom  the Savior of mankind was to Samuel. But it was not long after that
descend.                             until he made himself k no w n as a




DAV                 [127]                DAY
prodigy in slaying w i t ih a sling and case. "  Saul. saw that there was a force
stone the Phiiistine gimnt.           in David's reasoning, and ho bade hli
His brothers, at least the three eldest, go with his blessing.  Lte a dmired the
were warriors in the army of king Saul, courage of D]avid, and his trust in the
who was engaged in a contest with the God of Israel.  In order to place David
Philis tines.  lst Samuel, xvii: 13. in as good a conditicn for defe'nse as
Jesse sent IDavid to the army to see his possible, he put on lilm Iis own armor.
brothers, with some parched  corn, The first time probably the king of
loaves of bread and cheese. At the Israel had ever ofered the loan of his
time he reached the army, they were armor to a warrior, or placed it upon
about entring into an enag'oement with nay person, not even upon Jona than,
the enemy.  He heard the shoutlng to his scn.  And he must have liad a dethe battle, he saw tohe armies were ar- gree of confldence in D]avid's success,
ranged for the contest, and he ran into or he would not have risked his armocr,
the army wRih thle message from his wIhen it wyould certainly fall into the
father and th e presente he had broujght. hands of his enemies, the Pbilis-3nes,
While he talked with his brethren, Go- if D]avid was killed.  1st Saiamuei xxii.
liath, the Philistine giant, came out to But the arnori was rejected.  David
shlow h1imself and cdeiy the arimy of the was but fa you1th, slender and not v'ery
living  God. Now D]avid heard his de- tal, t      while  Saul was a, head andl
goht, words, andc his coorr ffeonus soul was shoulders taller than any other men  in
fired with. ambitioln to ri- Israel of this Israel. It probally did not fit, an:d  bedreaded enemy.  he inatimrated that he side that it would be an ineunpmlrasce
was ready to nseet GoliatJh in single con- to David who was unaeous'tomled to the
ficet. He talked with a considerable use of anlor
degree of anmiumaton, and attacted the   He lef ti e preence of tie kipng
attention  of the soldiers.  David said with Lo weapon of wear about hi'm  exNWh at did ye say shall Iee Cone to the copt, indeed, his sqtaf might be conman that  -illeth the Philstine,  3nd sidelerd isuch.  A   hee passed on totakethl away the reproach from  Israel? ward the Philiotine iary he crossed a
And they tolc iiim thatrking., o ulu would brook, and, from the bed 0of1 i, ch 0se
give him great ricams, and his daughter him five srmooth stones. Wxth one of
fobr awife, and make his fathe-'1s f uninily t1hese stones in biros  tI. g, ihe -pfiee in Israel.                        proached the don'ant g i a n L.  I1 e
Eliab, the oldest brother of David, h eard the bitter words, and currs'ing of
complain-ed of him when Je heard him  his enemy as he neaed hi, alnd,
talk thus, and reproved him, but tDi, id trusting in God for clelivern-'e, he
defended himself by asserting' that threw a stone from his sling with such
there was a cause" why he should talk violence that, as it smote the giant in
thus, and the complaint and reproof of the forehead,  it broke throulg and
Eliab did not stop him.  Soon it was s a n k in, producingg aliost m1't "utf
told Satul that David was willing to meet death.  David, upon seeing hfat his
G-oliath.  Saul sent for hiln and corn- enemy had tfalen, *ran up, anad, with
nuned with. him.  He looked upon the massive sword of the fa1len ca1in1
David's slender form  and youthful ap- pion, cut off his head, and took it to
p.earance, anca made an objection,'tthlou Jerusalem to show it unto  Saul and
art but a youth, and he a man of war all Israel.  And he took possession
from his youth." ]David then presented of G-oliath's sword andand arlour, and
an argument in favor of his being per- probably deposited t 1I e in with the
mitted to po against the giant in battle. king as testimonials of his conquest.
His reasomnagwas: "I kept myfather's Saul placed them in t1he cta.e of tte
sheep, and a lion came and took a lamb high priest, fo r after arc, wlen Davidcl
out of the fock, and I followed the lion w a s in imrnnent peril, Abimemlech
and srimote him and recovered the lamb. gave him the sword. let Sam. xxi.
And at another time I wacs attacked by   David cultivated, while a shepherd.
a bear, and I slew him.   Tow as I slew  his talent for musiC  and an evil spirit
a lion and a: bear I will slay this uncir- from the Lord tronuiled Saul. It was
cumelsed Philistine.  The Lord gave thought, by some of the king's servne deliverance in the first case, and he ants, that muSIe would lhave a salnwill give me deliverance in this latter tary effect upon him. They susgited




DAV                 [128]               DAV
this to Saul, and he agreed that they bed and he would slay him  at oncee
should provide Eim a man that could [David having thus e-caped fled to
Play well. Some o  t;hem   a had  beard 1ramlah an d had an interview  with
tBhe sweet tones of David's harp borne Samuel. Soon Saul heard of it~ and he
on the mornin  and evenimug breezes went in person to seize Dasvid but was
in and near Bethlehem, where Jesse pre vented.  D]avkid aerwarA  sought
lived, and they reported the son of -and obtained an interview with JonaJesse to Saul as a skiIful player, and, than, w li i h resulted in the young
moreover, "a migjty valiant mmn, and prince  making another effort to recona man of war anzd prudent in inat-ters, cile Iris father to  avid, but it )roved a
and a comely peyrso "- one thfat would failure; and avid fled to  IoN, where
be an honor to the kng's couit. King Ahimelech the priest was, and fronm
Saul aceor dmgly sent for Dsavid, and him he procured bread and the sword
Jesse, his father, sent hinm to the king of Goiatlh, the P1h1iistLne giant.  Eavwith,4 present.  Thurs  wcas LDav-d in- ing provided Ilimself thus with bread
troduced to Saul as a rmusician.      and a sword, h1e went to Aehish, the
Early aLfter Lavid was adm1itced to king of Gath.  1He lhad not been there
the court, he flormed strong attach- long until he was recognized as the
meats for Jonathan, the king's son. man whlo had killed their giant.  It
They beeam   true t    rnends, and, as may be they saw the sword of Goli,-th
years rolled on. and David suanerel in his possession and knew it.  Their
fro in the je aonsy of Saul, he and suslicions were aroused against him,
the yoinng, magnanimous prince, were and he1 began -Io rea lize that he wts in
bound together in the stroumsest of great canp;er-that his life was in inmnulltc  covenas. Tshbe jealousy of ra1inent peril. He becaluc, it is supSaul led hin tw;ie to cast ajavelin at posed'by some, greatly alarmed, and
David 1to  1l ln; butt aLc  Lord pd   - his alarm  threw him  into a kind cf
aerved him. Sanl was dceterained to miacdess aeconnpenied mith epilensy
rids lbrself of David, who had al- but Ist Sam. xxi: 13, favors the idea
realy secured to ]n:l1se-oa grea.t narae that his mxadras was not re al[ but
in israel X as   valorous mlan; for he fbigned: "And be changed his behavhatd not only slaia Goliath, but lhe had ior before themn, a-nd oeigned -timslelf
other anad verly great  iCOtories over mad in their hands, and scrabbled on
thle Phiisrtis.  Saul gave orders to the doors of the gate, and let his spithis ffi cers to kill David.           tle fiall down upon his  eard."'t'he'When Da vid recturned from  the king of lath was under the impress on
slaughter of the Philistines, the women that he was deranged or veory  oreh.v
sang as they camne out os the cities of diseased, and sent him away.
tsail I to congratuilato thea:   "Saul   David then went to tle cave of Adulhath siain his thousndAs, and BDavid his lanm, where be was joined by four huaLtens of thousands."  This was exceed- dred mnen, who placed thenmselves under
ingly tnpleasant to the jealous king. him  as his soldiers.  David left the'[c had murder in his heart, and would would    e of Adlla  and went to i'iz pelh
indeed have spilled the life-blood of of Moab. Having an interview with
David. with his own hand had not -God the king of Moanb, he made arran;Cgeprevereed.  He sent his servants to ments for the safety of his parents, sup
fDavid's house to watch -or him as he posing they were not Eafe in the reach
lemt it in the Inlornmng, and kill hin. o Sl.  After this he went to the for-And when David escaped with the aid ests of Harethl. Here lie was joined by
of A lehal, who dreceived her father by Abiathar, the son cf Ahimelech, the
a7yinDr tlat le was at home sick, Siau l  high-priest; for he, with all his sons
sent his servants to the house and bade except this one, h-ad perished.
theml enter and bring him in his bed,   Not long after this he helped the forthat he lmight Fislay im.11.   He wisied to tifeed town of Keilah, when thle Philiseffect his end in mnurderingTDavid with- tines rose up against them, and God
out rChoEcking Michal by coi-mitting the gave hin a victory over the Philistines.
deed before her eyes, and hence bade ade  t  as not long uantil Saul heard of the
them lie in wvait for hIim and  ill himl; victory, and supposing David was in
but upon hearifng t;lat David w-as sick, the town lie had thus delivered, he dehe bade thema bring him to him in the tem-anined to go in search of hin; but




DAV                [129]              DAV
David had fled from the place and had thoumd chosen  soldiers. He enencallmped in the wilderness of Ziph. carnped with his men in the hill of
Saul was quite anxious to take David; Hachilah which is before Jeshimion.
but having heard of his escape, he de- David sent out some spies to ascertain
termined not to go until he learned where Saul had pitched his royal tent
where he was. ADfter hearing that he and in company with Abishai, David:
was in the wilderness he sought him, went under the cover of night and softly
but in vain. While David was wander- approached the tent where Saul lay
ing one day in the wood skirting the sleeping, as also the captainof the hosi.
wilderness, he had an interview-and Again Saul was in David's power, but
it was the last he ever had on earth —  he would not harm him. I-e took his
with Jonathan. Soon after this the in- spear that was sticking in the ground
habitants of the city of Ziph tried to near him, and a cruise of water and
betray David into the hands and power went away. David thein goes off a disof Saul. Having heard of, or nnder- tance and awakes Abner and chides
standing this plot, David changed his him for being so careless of his master's
po';ition to Mlaon. His enemy sought life; shows the spear and cruise of
him there; but he was called from his water. HEe enters into a conversation
pursuit of David by the Philistines in- then with Saul in which le complains
valing his kingdom, and its interests bitterly of his hostility and continued
demanded his attention. David takes seeking after him to destroy him.
advantage of Saul's stay in pursuing   David seemed to have so far lost
hiiu, and encamped in the wilderness confidence as to conclude that he will
of Engedi. Saul having heard that he certainly perish by the hand of Saul.
was there goes in search of him with He had no confidence in the seem/ims
thre( thousand men, and being wearied humiliation of Saul or his promises to
he went into a cave to rest and sleep. cease hostility, and he flies to Achish
It was the place where David and his the king of Gath, or joins the enemies
men were concealed, and an opportun- of God and of his country. He was
ity was thus afforded David of killing kindly received and Achilsh  gave him
Saul, but he would not, nor would he Ziklag, and he lived there for: more
allow his men to do it; but he cut off than a year. And when Aelis malde
the skirt of Saul's robe, and afterwards wds war with the Israelites he proposed to
showed it to him. Saul was confounded David to go out to battle with him
at the generosity and kindness of David and he seemingly consented. But a
toward him, and deteranined to give up question of propriety rose among the
the pursuit of him. He acknowledged officers of the Philistine army as to
his convictions that David was to be D]avid's going with them, they obthe King of Israel, and asked a prom- jected, and their king finding that
ise of him of kindness to his father's they were all against him, advised
house. David readily made the prom- D)avid to return and he did so relucise, for he had made it before to fona- tantly.  But when he arrived in the
than in their covenant. Ist Sam. xix, land of the Philistines he found his
xzx and xxi.                        ci-ty Ziklag burnt with fire, and his
klot loLg after this avid w-as severely wives and the wives of his men cartried by the churlishness and meanness ried away captives by the Amelekites
of Nabasl, the Carmelite, and he would who had taken advantage of his abhave destroyed the famliy of Nabal. but sence. Added to the loss of his wives
for the kindness to him, and the influ- and of the city, and the cries of his
ence over him, of Abigail, Nabatl' wife. men for their losses, they turned
This Car melite was inibrmlned afterwards against him in  mutiny and talked of
of the danger lie had escaped by her in- stoning him. But ]David went in purterference, which had such an effect suit of the enemy and finding them
upon lim tnat in ten days afterwards he attacked them and desunoyed lehe died, when David took Abigail to be whole company except four hundred,
his wife. 1st Sam. xxv.             who made their escape by the fleetAgain Saul was induced to go in ness of their camels. They recovered
search of David, the Ziplities having their wives and families and all their'
informed him where David was. He goods, and he took much spoils for
went as in the former case with three we are informed that he sent of the,
9




DAV               [1301             DAV
sp oils that were taken to various of Saul waxed weaker and weaker,
cities of Judah, and to those persons until finally Abner proposed to David
and places where favor had b e e n to transfer to him the interests of his
shown him.                        master. But it was not long until,
The battle between the Philistines (even before this matter was consumand Israelites that David would have mated,) Abner fell by the nurderous
been in, had not Achish sent him  hand of Joab.  David was much
back, was a severe one, and Israel afflicted over this treachery of his
was made to flee before the enemy. servant in the death of Abner, and
And Saul and three of his sons fell in broke out in the most touching and
battle, among them was Jonathan. pathetic lamentations: "Died Abner
The information reached David that as a fool dieth?  Thy hands were not
the Gilboe battle had gone against bound, nor thy feet put into fetters.
Israel and that Saul and Jonathan As a man falleth before wicked mnen.
were flain. David and his men en- so fallest thou." Soon after this Ishgaged in a lamentation, and the com- bosheth was murdered by two of his
position of David is a most touching captains, who came and informed
elegy. After this David by the direc- David what they had done, and they
tion of the Almighty, goes to Hebron brought as evidence of their deed,
with his family, and his men and their the head of Saul'd son to him. David
families, and they dwell in HEebron instead of looking upon them with
cities, and David was taken up by the favor, charged them with a most
men of' Judah and anointed king.    wicked act. They had murdered an
One of the first acts on reacEhing innocent man in his own house, and
the throne was to congratulate the upon his own bed, and one that they
inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead, over ought to have defended, which was
their kindness to the kingdom in res- the meanest treachery, and for this
cuing the bodies of Saul and his sons aet declared that they should die.
frout the Philistines.  At first when David thereby proving  to all Israe'
David began to reign Ishbosheth the that he was not the enemy of Saul's
son of Saul was also reigning in Ateb- house.
ron, and he probably continued to   All the people of Israel that up to
reign as long as David remained there, this time had adhered to $8aul's son,
which was seven years and six months. now turned their attention to David,
2d Sam. ii: 11. But two years after and submitted to his authority as king,
Ishbosheth began to reign the house They gave three reasons why they
of Judah attached themselves tQ the rallied around him as king. One was,
interests of David, leaving him whom he was their countryman. "We are
they had,served two years. The first thy bone and thy flesh."  Another
war in which David's kingdom was reason was, in the days of king Saul,
engaged was with the house of Saul, David was the general of Israel's
not because he desired to be at war armies, and led them to victory against
with them, or had forogotten the cove- their enemies. " Thou wast he that
nant entered into and confirmed with leddest out and broughtest in Israel."
Jonathan under the most solemn cir- But a third reason was, God had secumstances, and afterward with Saul lected him evidently as king and sucwhen he parted with him the last cessor of Saul. "The Lord said to
timae, having delivered him up his thee, thou shalt feed my people, and
spear and cruise of water.        be a captain over Israel." W it h
If David had been determined to these convictions regarding David, it
extirpate the house of Saul Ishbo- is not to be wondered at that they acsheth would not have reigned for two cepted him as King. For their satisyears even in peace as he did. The faction, David was anointed the third
wars seemed to be brought on and time to be king of Israel. First by
prosecuted by Abner and Joab the Samuel, when he fed his father's
former the chief servant of Ishbo- sheep. SecondatHebron, seven years
sheth and the latter the captain of and six months before this third
bavid's host. But we are informed anointing done at Hebron, and he was
that the house of David w a x e d now acknowledged by all Israel as.stronger and stronger, and the house king.




DAV               11f31]            DAV
One of the first acts of David -as should. The reason given was, (1st!king of all Israel was to retake the Chronicles, xxii: 8,) "Thou hast shed
city of Jerusalem; for by some means blood abundantly and hast made great
it had come into the hands and was wars."
under the authority of the Jebusites.   David, in carrying on his kingdom,'They had a strong fort upon the hill continued in war with his enemies.,called Zion, which David took and I-e fought and conquered the Philistransferred his court to it from Heb- tines again, and the 3oabites, and the
ton. He then enters into friendly king of Zobah, and the Syians in
relations with Hiram, king of Tyre, general. H-le continued to increase in
who furnished him workmen and ma- power as a king and in popularity with
terials to build a house. Soon after his subjects.
this he is called upon to fight with the   He is afforded an opportunity of
Philistines, who had so long been the showing friendship to the house of
bitter enemies oI Israel, in the valley Saul in-the person of Mephiboshetfh,
of Rtephaim. He;conquerel them, Jonathan's son, and he improves it.:and captured theirimage'or falsegods David was injured by having his mothat they weroaecustomed to take with tives impugned L-y a king of the Amthem when they went to war, and he monites, to whom he sent messengers
burne d them. The Philistines not and a message of condolence. They
being satisfied  met Israel again upon treated the messengers shamefullly, by
the same battlefield. David did not cutting off one-half of their beards
-wish to fight with them, th o ugh and their garment. He resented the.flushed with victory, unless the Lord injury, and-though they hired the Syrwas willing. He enquired of the Lord ians to help them in war against him,
as to whether he should go or not, and yet he defeated them. The Syrians,'the Lord told him to go. He received c hag r i n e d over their defeat, deter~direction'ag to the route he should mined to replenish their army and try
-take. God marked out the way for his it again, and they did, but were dearmy, and the precise time when he feated, with a loss of seven hundred
should make the attack. 2d'Sam. v: chariots and forty thousand horsemen,:23-24: " Fetch a conapass be hi nd and the death of their commander,
them and come upon then over against Shobach.
the mulberry trees. And let it be   The Ammoiites still war with David
when thou hearest the soundof agoing and there is a long contest, as Joab
in the tops of the mulberry trees that besieges the city of iRabbah, and finally
then thou shalt bestir thyself,";' &c. a lossto Israel. It was about this time
He followed the divine direction, and that David committed the darkest deed
soon the army was smitten.         of his life, viz. the murder of Uriah
IHe brought the ark of t h e L o r d the Hittite, and theecrime which led to
froim Kirjath-jearin to Jerusalem but that murder. He was reproved in the
a circumstanlce occurred that led'him most searchin manner by Nathan the
to leave it for awhile in the house of prophet, and was deeply humbled be(Obed-Edoom. It was detained there fbre the Lord. His sin in this matter
three months, when he brought it up seems to have been visited upon him
to his owncity-with gladness and joy. when Ammon defiled Tamar. And
This made Jerusalem the centre of again when Absalom killed Aremon.
worship.                           And again when Absalom rebelled and
When David realized peace in his tried to lead the kingdon away from
kingdom, (for:his enemies were sub- him, and finally was hung in an oak
dued) and -prosperity among his sub- and fell in death by the darts of Joab.
jects, he began to contemplate build- If he wept when the child of Bathng a temple for the Lord, and made shebah was dying he wept still more
the prophet Nathan acquainted with when Absalom was dead.
his thoughts on the subject. T he   When Absalom rebelled he was comr o phe t encouraged him in it. But pelled to leave Jerusalem and fly for
there was a barrier in the way, a n d his life, but after ~he was dead David
t h a t w a s the divine will. God let returned to Jerusalem.
David know that he should not build   An insurrection was raised by a
a temple, but that Solomon, his son, wicked man named Sheba, but it was




DAV                [132]3              DAV
finally quelled and the leader of the   Adonijah the eldest son of king
insurrection was thrown over the wall David, seeing the feebleness of his
of the city to which he had fled.. Joab father and knowing that he would
saw it, was satisfied, and retired from  soon die followed the example of his
the city.                           brother Absalom in procuring chariots.
When the Gibeonites demanded at and horsemen, and arranging to have
the hand of David seven sons of Saul, himself proclaimed king.
that they might hang them as an atone-   Nathan the prophet knew that Soloment for Saul's cruelty to thenm, David mon was to be the successor of David,
gave theml up and no doubt.thought he and he bade Bathsheba go in unto the
did right in doing so               kring and remind himll of the oath he
It was not because David had any- had given, that Solomon, her s o n
thing against the house of Saul, or de- should reign after him. She did so,
sired to destroy them, but the requisi- and while she was talking to the king'
tion was made and he complied with it, Nathan came in to talk on the same
saving the. son of Jonathan because of subject, and inform him of the movethe oath between them.              ment of Adonijah. David then co —David took up the bones of Saul and manded that Solomon be crowned
Jonathan that were buried by the men king at once. Soon after this the dyof Jabesh Gilead under a tree, and in- ing, David gave his last charge-to. Soloterred theml in the sepulcher of Saul's mon-a charge relative to his personal
father in the country of Benjamin.  conduct as a king in the affairs of his
The Philistines yet made war upon government and the manner in which
Israel and David went in person to bat- he should treat Barzillai the Gilead —
tie, and while fighting with his enemy ite, who befriended him in a timne of' waxed faint;"' this circumstance seems great peril, andL also of the manner in
to have led Abishai to suggest to him  which he should'treat Joab who- had.
that he go out to battle no more, lest been captain of his host —who had'
the light of Israel be, quenched.   murdered two great men who were,
We have an account of a wrong corn- innocent, viz., Abner the son of Ner,
mitted by Da.vid in numbering Israel, and Amasa. He also gave direction
for which the Lord was angry with him, as to the. treatment of Shimei, who
and in his anger determined to punish cursed him as he went to Mahanaim.
him. David realized that he had done after which his work being all done
wrong and confessed his sin. But con- and the affairs of his reign closed up,
fession was not enough then, and the he died.
Lord sent the prophet Gad to him. with   The life of David had been a rea proposition regarding the punish- markable one. A chain of Providence
ment. " Thus saith the Lord, I offer is clearly discoverable, formed of unthee three things; choose thee one of broken' links from his boyhood until
them that I may do it unto thee," &c. threescore and ten years were numDavid acted very sensibly and nobly in bered.  lie lived well in the main,
this matter. He showed his power of and he died well. He distinguished
mind and wisdom in the choice, " Let himself as a man of war; as a poet
us now fall into the hands of God, for and musician; as a father full of kindhis mercies are great; and let me not'ness and love to his children, even
fall into the hands of man." i. e. I where, as in the ease of Absalom,
choose the pestilence.  This choice they were guilty of the grossest wrongs
brought him and his household on a toward him.  And he was a faithful
level with all his subjects. The pesti- friend to those who were in league
lence came and seventy thousand died, with him. He was buried with royal
when the- plague was stayed, and an honors by Solomon in the city of
altar was erected on the thres'hing floor David, and Josephus tells us that imof Ornan the Jebusite.              mense treasures were deposited'in his
When David had reigned f o r t y sepulcher and remained there unmoyears, or nearly so, it was quite evident lested for'thirteen hundred years.
from his feebleness that his end was   The immortal spirit of the illustrinigh, they procured a fair damsel ous David went home to.heaven.
whose name was Abishag, to cherish
and minister unto the king.




DEB                 [133]               DEB
DEBJR-[De'ber.]                      hearts, and they have not known my
DEBIR was a king of Eglon, who is ways.'
referred to in Joshua x: 3. He was   Their sins were especially great in
one of the fotr kings that Adonize- -Canaan after the death of Joshua,
dek, king of Jerusalem, called to his their leader. He had conducted therm
help when he heard that Ai was cap- safely into the country, comluaned
turedc, and that the Giheonites had them  in conquests, and ratified the
lmade peaee with Israel. The king of apportionment of the conquered land
Jerusalem, and his four helpers, en- to the different tribes. The people
camped before Gibeon, to fight with Irevolted fiom the true God, and went.them.  The Gibeonites at once sent into gross idolatry. On account of it.to Joshua to help them, and he an- the Lord was angry with them, and
swers to the call, and quickly ialling celivered them into the hands of the
on the confederate forces, defeats themn. "spoilers."   When they repented a
In the 38th and 39th verses, we have judge wvs ralsed up among themi  who
am account of Joshua fighting against delivered them  out of the hands of
Debir, and taking it and the king tlheir enemies. But after the judge
thereof.                              died they returned to their idolatry
and corrmntion; and again the Lord
~DEBORAH, 1-[ Deb'o-rah,] a cord,  was angry with t.hem, and determined
ca bee.                          to punish theml. HI-e would leave the
DEBORAlH  WaS the nurse of Re. nations that were in the conquered
bekalh. We have no account of her, country whoere Joshua died, that
save her -death arnd burial, which is through theom Israel mci ght be proved.
narrated very briefly in Gen. xxxv:- 8. They corrupted themselves by doing'But Deborah, Rebekah's nurse, died, evil in the sight of the Lord, and went.and she was buried beneath Bethel, into the -service o-L " Baalihm and the
undcr an oak, and the  name of it was groves."  Again God's anger was to-.salled Allonbachuth," the o a k of ward them, and he sold them into the
weeping. This is the woman that was hand of an enemy.  They repented
-sent from  Na2hor with Rebekah by and:cried to God for deliverance. Ele
the faithful servant of Abrlaham, had imercy upon them, and raised
Eleazar.                             them  up a jludge ancd -deliverer in the
But she is represented here as being person of Othniel.  For forty years
in the famlily of Jacob. If she was they lad peace and nrosperity; but
we may suppose that as Jacob was the when their judge dlied they relapsed
beloved of liebekah, for she evidently into their former habits of wickedness
loved himn more than Esau, at the and corrnption; and again God gave
death of her mistress, she umay have them  up.  Their enemies over-powtaken up her abode with Jacob, to ered them; took them  captives, and
live with him or his family, until her took possession of the beautiful plain
mortal career ended.                 of Jericho, with the "city of palm
But she may have died and been trees."
buried here several years before, and   Israel again repente'd andcentreatced
the arrival of Jacob and his family at God to cdeliver them; and God raised
this place, may have led to a remnem- Ehud, who first slew  the king of
berance of her, and the feats recorded MIoab, to whon Israel had been in
that here she died and was burie.    service for eighteen year.s.   Ehud then
led them  against the Moabites, and
DEBORANH, 2 —A zword, a bee.         they slew tlhem  by thousands, and
soon Israel was again in peace and
DElEOuAI mwas a prophetess, an d prosperity.
the wife of Lapidoth. The sins of   After him  was Shamngar, who deIsrael were numerous and aggravating liverec Israel and triumphe d against
in their nature, after their entrance their enemies. But after eighty years
into the land of Canaan, as well as they again went into grievous sins,
while they were in the wilderness. and Jabin, king of Canaan, the capGod says: "Forty years long was I tain of whose host was Siser, greatly
grieved with this generation, and said afflicted theim.  This  as as  te  most
it is a people that do err in their powerful king which had come against




DEB                 [134]               DEB
them, and Sisera was the most expert mount to see how the battle went. She
commander. Israel looked upon the looked with intense anxiety upon her
nine hundred iron chariots of Jabin, general and soldiers as they marched
and the large and well-trained army against the enemy. She saw them as
led on by Sisera, and they were afraid. they came near each other and comThey cried.mightily unto God, and in menceed their- attack.  She witnessed:
the remembrance of their sins they the confusion and, disorder in the ranks
were penitent. Their prayers for help of the enemy. She saw the destruction
were earnest and continued'.         of the iron chariotso It may be that
At length the Lord heard them  and she saw the chariot in which Sisera
a star arose upon them amid the Cark- rode, and saw him as he alighted from,
ness of their night, in the person of it and fled on foot fronm the scene of acDeborah. Her influence in her coun- tion, and she might have seen the retry in this time of trouble is told in the omaining soldiers as they wheeled and.
following language: " At her word the made an effort to escape, while Barak
stars in their courses fought against and his men pursued them  in their
Sisera."  Deborah was raised up to flight, and cut them off until there was
judge Israel. And this is the first in- not a man of that vast army left. Even.
stance of female government on record, Sisera himself fell in death by the hand
save that of Miriam governing among of Jael, the wife of Heber, though he
the women of Israel during their so- escaped the slaughter on the battlejourn in the wilderness~ The husband field.. Deborah had prophesied that he
of Deborah seeins to have had no hand should thus fall.  "For the Lord shall
in the affairs of the government.  She sell Sisera into the hands of a woman.' 
occupied the high position of head of   Under the inspiration with which
affairs, civil and religious.  She called Deborah was blessed while she was yet
to her aid ]Barak, the son of Abinoam, on 3Mount Tabor, or after her return to
and appointed himgeneral of the army. the city of "palnm trees," she composed
She was favored with revelations frotm the song of triumph usually styled the
God, which told her that the enemy song of Deborah and Barak.  The song
should be conquered.  She thus de- itself is a sublime composition. Piety
clared to Barak, her general, the reve- and true devotion to God shine forth in.
lations Gcd hacl made to her, viz:, that bold relief: from  its beginning to its
the enemy should be delivered into his end.
hands. He credited what she said, but   It is difficult to see where the conduct
yet he refused to- go out to battle unless of this celebrated woman is most to be,
she would accompany him. His refusal admired.  Whether, when she was a
to go without her was probably because  judge of Israel, residing in the city of
he saw that she was guided by divine the plain, deciding difficult cases reinfluence-the spirit of inspiration was ferred to her, and so winning the hearts
upon her, and he wished to have her of the people; or-when she settles the
along with him  that he might know  generalship upon Barak, and commands
from her, when and how to make the him to enlist ten thousand men in the
attack. She agreed to go with him  service of his country, or when she acwithout any hesitancy, and with an companies him to the scene of action
army of ten thousand men, Barak made and gives direction as to when he shall
ready fobr battle.                   make the attack, and encourages him
As Sisera gathered the hosts of Jabin to hope for victory; or when she stands
together for battle, Deborah was there upon the mountain, and with intense
and gave to her general, Barak, the anxiety watches the armies as they
word of command with the promise that come in conflict; or when associated
Sisera should be delivered into his with Barak after the battle is over, her
hands, for she knew full well that the voice of song falls upon the ears of her
Lord was gone out before him. and soldiers and the delighted people, made
would fight for Israel..             free by the recent wonderful victory, in
ITa.ving thus perforimed the part she this song of glorious triumph. From
was desired to perform by Barak, he at every standpoint that we thus behold
the head of his army want down from  her she appears beautiful, but especially
the top of Tabor where he had been en- as a poetess and singer of this, her song,
eamlped, and beborah tarried on the so full of sublime prophecy.




DED                 [135]               DEL
DEDAN Jl-[De'-dan,] their breasts, prohecies that were written by Baruch
friendship, uncle.                from the mouth of Jeremiah.  Delaiah
DEDAN was the son of Raamah, and and the other princes, sent after Baruch
the grandson of Cush, referred to in to read the roll to them. They re-'Genesis, x: 7, with Sheba, his brother. ported it to the king, and on its being
It is supposed that the posterity of De- read to him he ordered it to be burnt.
dan settled a part of Arabia. They Delaiah with two others plead with the
probably gave the name to the city of king not to burn it, but lle would not
Dedan in Arabia Felix.                hear them.
DEDAN 2.-Theie~ breasts, fr i e i d- DELILAI —-[Del'i-lah,] poor, head
shipp,u ~ncle.                        of hair, bucket.
DEDAN was the son of Jokshan, and
the grandson of.Abraham. He is re-   DELILAR-I was a woman of the Philisferred to in Genesis, xxv: 3, with his tines who resided in the valley of Sorek,
three sons Asshurim, Letushim, and to whom Samnison became strongly atLeummim. These three names are tached.  Judges, xvi: 4:  "And it
supposed to represent three t r i b e s, came to pass afterward that he loved a
and the Dedanites who traded with the woran in the valley of Sorek, whose
Tyrians in ivory, ebony and fine clothes, name was Delilah."  He probably marfor chariots, were the descendants of ried her; if so, this, like his former
this Dodan. They are referred to in marriage, was unfortunate.  However
Ezekiel, xxvii: 15-290, as also, in Jer- much Samson loved this woman, there
eminh, xxv: 23 and Isaah, xxi: 13.   was a defect in her love-if, indeed,
there was any love for him.
DEUKA1-A      [De'-kar,]               AWhen the lords of the Philistines
DmE,_  was tle father of one of the came to her and bade her entice Samoffiers who were appointedby Solomon son and see where his strength lay,
to provide victuals for his household. they plainly told her the object they
1st poiings, iv: 9.                   had in view: to prevail against him.
She urged no objection to xlaking the
3:ELATAH 1-[Da-la=-a'ah,l             effort; but in the meanness of her
DELAIAT-I was one of the seven sons heart she fixed her eyas upon the eleven
of Elioenai, and is referred to in the ac- hundred pieces of silver they promised
count given of the regal line of David to give her, and preferred that to the
and Solomon.  1st Chronicles, iii: 24. affection of a true man. She made effort as soon as opportunity wa7s  afforded
DIELATAH 2.                           to find out the occasion of Samson's
]DELJAIA, mas one of the f-amily of great strength, that she might betray
the priests, and is mentioned in the di- him  into the hands of his enemies.
7l1sion that David made of the priests Samson told her, " If they bind me
into twenty-ifour courses. Delaiah was with,seven green withes that were never
the three and twentieth lot. 1st Chron- dried, then shall I be weak as another
c!les, xxiv: 18.                      man."  She gave the information to
his enemies, and they provided her
DELATAAH  3.                          with the withes, then she bound him
DELAAI-A  was the father of Shem- -with them.  Having bound the man
aiah, into whose house Nehemiah went that loved her so ardently, with a traiwhen Tobiah and Sa,nballat were seek- tor's heart and lip she said, "The Philing to destroy him, having hired a false istines be upon thee, Samson," and he,
prophet to deceive him.'Neh. vi: 10. brake the withes as tow is broken when
it toucheth the fire. She thought she
DELAIAH 4.                            was about to possess the eleven hundDEiLAAII was a prince of Judah, and red pieces of silver, but she was misa counsellor of king Jehoiakim. He is taken.  She then charges Samson with
r e fe rr e d to in Jeremiah, xxxvi: 12, mocking her and telling her lies, and:
wvith others who were in the king's urges him to tell her the truth.  He'
house when Micaiah the son of Gema- gave her another plan which she folriah went there to report what he had lowed out, but it, too, failed; and yet:
heard from the roll of t h r e a t e n i n g the money was not hers. He gave her




DEL                 [1361             IDEM
another plan, and she followed it up, DEMETRIUS- [De-me'tri-us,] bebut failed again.  She then used a       lon0ging to Ceres, to corn.
mode of persuading that took the strong   DEMETRIUS was a silversmith of
man captive; she laid a snare that Ephesus, who made shrines for the
caught him.  She said:  "Samson, temple of Diana.
how canst thou say, I love thee, wyhen   Paul preached with wonderful sucthine heart is not with me. Thou hast cess at this place, and the opposers of
mocked me these three times, and hast christianity were sorely vexed, and esnot told me wherein thy great strength pecially the tradesmen who were, palieth. "  She had touched the chord by tronized by the priests of the goddess
this speech which vibrated through the Diana, among whom was Demetrius.
heart of the strong man.  H-e knew he He headed a mob of workmen, and
loved her, and probably this was the he secured them to act with him by
first timebshe htad ever given an expres- telling them the craft was in danger.
sion indicating that she suspected his  Influenced by ]Demetrius, the mob
love. It was m6re than he could bear, became very furioUs, and for t h e
and he told her all his heart. She saw space of two hours cried outl, "Great
the reasonableness of this last plan, and is Diana of the Ephesians."  The exrejoiced in the prospect of her gain. citeimentwas intense, and in the midst
She said to the Philistine lords, "0ome of it, they caught Aristarehus and
up this once."  Oh! what consurmate Gaius, and dragged them  into the
meanness in Delilah! She made him  theatre, with a view of having them
sleep upon her lap, and while he was condemned at once. They also seized
asleep she caused his locks to be shaved Alexander, who was probably mauioff, and theil she began in person to in- festing some disposition to allay the
sult him; and being satisfied that his excitement. But as they saw he was
strength was gone, she gave him over a Jew, anid hence not of their religion,
to the Philistines, and they put out his they would not hear what lie had to
eyes.                                say, but dragged him into the crowd,
Delilah p~roved herself unworthy c~ and continued on in their shouts of,
the love of Samson; and her conduct "Great is Diana of the Ephesians."
toward him and her treatment of himl    At length a man of some note and
was mean and detestable.             influence in the city, secured the attention of the mob, and allayed the
DEiAS  [DIe'mal ] Xpop2ular.        excitement by telling them that these
men they had seized were not blasDE:Em1S was a professor of chris- pheimers of their goddess, nor robbers
tiasnity in the apostolic age, and it is of their temple-that they had noththought by some, he was a preacher. ing to fear as to the honor of Diana,
But whether he was or not, he was or the fidelity of her Ephesian worfor a while a conmpanion of the apos- shipers. IHe then informled them that
tie Paul, ancld useful to him during his they were altogether unjustifiable for
imprisonment, and when that apo'stle the uproar they had made, and that
writes his epistle to the Colossians, they had laid themselves liable to be
Demas, with St. L  k e, sends his called to an account and punished
greetings to the church.  Col. iv: for their conduct. He further told
14-..             them  that if Demetrius,  who was
But Denmas did not remain faithful. heading this mob, or any one else had
I-e forsook Christ and the church, a charge against any one, they should
and turned his attention to somi e bring it up, and prosecute according
worldly business, for Paul in- writing to law, and not fill the city with conhis 2d epistle to Timothy, says: " For fusion thus.  The city officer suc]Demas hath forsaken me, h av i n g ceeded in quelling the excitement, and
loved this present world."  2d Tim. in dispe-oing the mob.
iv: 10. From which we may reseona-   It is thought that Demetrius afterIr)ly suppose he went into some more wards became a chnistian, and is the
l ucrative business. He followed, after person referred to in the 3d epistle of
this, some occupation in which there John 12, in the following language.
was more- money than in that of "Demetrqius hath good report of all
rea-Ching.                           men, and of the truth itself."




DEU                 [137]              DOD
DEUEL-[De-u"L-el,] the- knowledge I found her in the dwelling of -ltmor
of God.                         I and Sheeheml and tool her home. Gen.
DEULL was of the tribe of Gad, and xxxiv: 1, &c.
the father of the prince Eliasaph, who
assisted Moses in numbering the tribes D I 0 N Y S I U S - [Dy-onish'-e —l]
of Israel. Num. i: 14.                   divinely touched.
DYONYSIUS is called the Areopagite,
DIANA-[Di-alnlahj] lucifnous, per- I-Ie was the judge in the Court of
fect.                            Areopagus referred to in Acts xvii: 34.
DIANA was a goddess of the hea- He seenms to have been a subject of
thens, called one of the superior deities. converting grace through the instrumenThis goddess was especially popular in tality of Paul at Athens, for he and a
Ephesus, as we see from Acts xix.    woman rnamed Demetrius with others
are said to have believed.
DIBLAIDM-[Dib-la-im.]                  It is said of him that he was a very
DIBLAIMt was the father of Gomer, learned man, but after his conversion
whom the prophet Hosea is r e p r e- became an humble  evangelist, and
sented as marrying, and she was the finally suffered martyrdom for the cause
mother for him of two sons, viz: Jez- of Christ.
reel and Lo Aimmi, and one daughter,
viz: Lo Riuhamah. bHosea i.          DIOTPREP]-iIES —Di-ot-re-fez,] nourished by ZJupiter.
DIDYMUS —[Did'-i-1ums,] a twin.        This person is referred to in 3d John,
DIDY~mus was the surname of the 9. He was probably in nmembership in
Apostle Thomas. The ihrase occurs, the church, but was not a true chris" Thomas, who is called Didymus," in tian.  He was exceedingly ambitious to
John xi: 16. [See Thomas.]           be preferred to all others, and hence
when John sent messengers with an
DIKLE  I —[Dik'-lah.]                epistle, Diotrephes opposed the recepDIKLAI- was the son of Joktan and tion and indulged in umalicious a n d
tie grandtson of Eber, and is referred wicked language.  "I wrote to th e
to in -the posterity of Shler. Genesis church, but Diotrephes, who loveth to
x: 27.                               h a v e pre-eminence among them, receiveth us not, wherefore if I come, I
DINAHI —[Di-nahj,]    jud26nen, who will renmember his deeds, which lhe
judg.es.                          doethb, prating against us with malicious
DINAII was the daughter of Jacob w o r ds and not content therewith,
and Leah and was probably quite young neither doth he himself receive t h e
when Jacob enters the country of the brethren."
children of Hamor and buys a parcel of
ground for a home, and erects an altar DiSH1AN-E[DFi-shan.
to God, the God of Israel.             DISHAN was the son of Seir the HoDinah  becomes acquainted w i t h rite, and is refer.ed to as a duke. GenShlecheml the son of I1-amor the lord of esis, xxxvi: 21.
the land. She is chargeable with folly
in forming so intbimate associations with DIISHON 1-[Di/-shon. 
the "daughters of the land."  But her   DisrION was the son of Seir the Hoacquaintance with Shechem ended in rite, whose posterity is referred to in
crime and after the crime he endeavored Genesis, xxxvi: 21.
to gain her affections that a marriage
union might be consumated and she in DISHION 2.
sonme sort, be reconciled to the disgrace   DISI-ON was the son of Arah, and
now come upon her.  It does not ap- grandson of Zibeon. He and his pospear that she acquiesced in the judg- terity are referred to in Gen. xxxvi: 25
ment of the prince as to marriage, but
she seerus by violence to have been de- DODAI-[Do-da'-i.]
tained in the house of Sheehem, for   DoPAI was one of David's mighty
when Simeon and Levi revenged the men, and the captain of the second
wrong done to their sister, and the folly in o n t h, when David instituted the
that had been wrought in Israel, they monthly service of captains over-twenty



DOD                [138]               DOR
four thousand men.  1st Chronicles, We learn from Acts ix: 36, "this woxxvii: 4.                            man was full of good works and almsdeeds which she did."  But her repuDODANIM —[Do/-da-nim.]              tation among the christians of Joppa,
DODANIM was the youngest son of and her faith so nobly developed were
Javan, and the grandson of Japheth. not proof against sickness and death.
Genesis, x: 4, and Ist Chronicles, i: 7. God in his Providence saw fit to bring
Where his family settled is not known. upon Dorcas sickness-disease took hold
of her, and she died. In all the menmDODO 1 —[Do'-do.]                    bership of that church, there probably
DoDO was of the tribe of Issacher, was not one that, (in the estimation of
and the grandfather of Tola, one of the its members,) could not have been betjudges of Israel. Judges, x: 1.     ter spared. A true friend in the church
to her poor is a christian philanthropist
DODO 2.                              indeed.  As soon as she died,. her
DoDo is called the Ahohite, and was friends with sorrowing hearts prepared
one of David's mightiest men. IHe is her grave clothes and dressed her Jor
said to have smote the Philistines until the tomb.
his hand was weary and clave unto the  EHaving heard that the apostle Peter
sword. 2d Samuel, xxiii: 9.          was at Lydda, a place about six miles
from Joppa, they sent for him. to come
DOEG.-[Do'-eg,]    twho acts owith qn,- at once to Joppa. They communicated
easiness, afishernzan.          to him through the messengers the sad
DOEG was called the Edonmite.  He intelligence that Dorcas was dead. The
was a servant of king Saul, and a great real object of this sending for hilnm  roenemy of David.  1st Samruel, xxi: 7. bably was that he might comfort them
1His employment was that of a herd- in their great sorrow with words of
man, and he was the chief of them. truth, and that he might be with them
He was at the city of the priests the in plerforming the last sad duty due to
day David procured the sword of Go- the dead fiom  the living, viz: the
liath, and the loaves of the shew bread, burial.  When the messengers arrived
and reported the fact to Saul, which and informed Peter for what intent they
b r o u g h t about the death of all the had come, and that the church at Joppa
priests.  1st Sam. xxii: 17. It seems desired that he would not delay to come
when Saul determined to slay the fam- to them, without any hesitancy he arose
ilv of Ahimelech, he at once ordered and went with them. It does not aphis footmen, who were probably his pear that Peter went expecting to be
body guard, to do it, but they would used as an instrument in so great a
not. He then ordered Doeg to do it, work as the raising of Dorcas from the
and in obedience to the king's command dead. But God intended to work this
he slew them, to the number of eighty  miracle, and inclined Peter to arise and
five. And when Abiathar, the only go to this scene of sorrow.
one that escaped, fled, and went to   As soon as the apostle arrived, they
David, and told him what had been conducted him into the upper chamber
done, he moaned over it, and seemed where the christian woman lay in the
disposed to reproach himself. A n d embrace of death and shrouded for the
David wrote Pslams lii: cxx: cxl: upon tomb. IHe was not alone in that chainthis circumstance.                   ber of death. As he stood and looked
upon the clay-cold form, motionless and
DORCAS —[Dor/-cas,] thefenale of a speechless, he heard the cries of the
qroe-buck.                       anguish-stricken hearts around him.
DoRcAs is brought to our view in The widows who had been relieved tby
Acts ix: 36, as a disciple. She was a Dorcas in her life time were then progood woman, had a reputation in the nouncing blessings upon her memory as
church for faith, and as proving her their benefactress, and they wept in the
faith by good works.  She was well remembrance that they could no more
known by the christians at Joppa, and enjoy her counsels and share in her'
many of them who were poor had fond charities, and to satisfy the apostle that
remembrance of her kindness and min- their sorrow was called for, and that
istrations to them in times of necessity. their tears were the over-flowings of




DOR                [1391               EBE
hearts over charged, they showed him  istry to the necessity of saints, and dothe coats and the garments which she ing good especially to the poor-until
made while living.  This that they again she crossed the mystic river, no
were exhibiting was clothing with which more to return to a life in a state of
this woman, when alive, "clothed the probation.
naked."  She was the friend of all,
and her death was a common loss.    DRUSILLA - [Dru-sil'-lah,] watered
Peter then under the direction of     by the dew.
the inspiring spirit began to prepare   DRUsILLA was the youngest sister of
for the fbrthcoming display of Al- Agrippa, Bernice and Mariamme. The
mighty power.  HIe "put them all fathers name was Agrippa and her
forth" invited them to leave the up- mothers name was Cyprus. Drusilla
per chamber-that he might w i t h was mlarried to Azezus, but this marmore freedom  and less disturbance riage was dissolved by Felix who had
pour out his soul to God in prayer. fallen in love with her and persuaded
He then knelt down and earnestly her to forsake her husband and marry
prayed for her restoration to life. Be- him. She did so and we have an achold the scene; an honored apostle count of her in the New Testament as
kneeling beside the corpse of a de- the wife- of Felix. When Paul defends
parted Christian woman, and praying himself befre Felix, and preaches
for a display of resurrection power. Christ unto him, and when he "reaThe virtues of this good woman as soned of righteousness, temperance anA
they had been represented were fresh judgment to come," Drusilla the wife
in his mind, but he desired a new at- of Felix was present. Acts xxiv: 24.
testation to the truth of his own mis- And after certain days when Felix came
sion as an apostle-and to the truth with his wife Drusilla who was a Jewess,
of the gospel he preached.  After he sent for Paul and heard him conpraying, he turned to the still lifeless cerning the faith in Christ. It is said
form before him and said, "Tabitha by Josephus that she had a son by
arise."  Oh what faith he must have Felix who was buried in melted lava
had; how firm must have been the by an eruption of the volcanic Mount
hold he took on God while praying, Vesuvius.
to close his prayer and speak to the
yet unconscious matter "arise."  Di- DUMAHI-[Du'-mah,] silence, resemvine power was displayed as he thus     blance.
spake, and Doreas opened her eyes   Was a son of Ishmael hence the
and looked upon the apostle.  The grandson of Abraham. Gen. xxv: 14.
first object her eyes lighted upon in It is generally supposed that the poscoming back to life was Peter.  He terity of this man gave his name to a
saw her gaze fixed upon him, and place called Dumnah in Arabia, and in
reaching forth his hand as she sat up, Isa xxi: 11. This place is the subject
he assisted her.  Peter then called of prophecy. The prophecy is called
the saints and widows and presented " the burden of Dumah."
Dorcas alive to them.
There was we may reasonably sup- 1'BAL-[E'-bal,] ca heap, collection
pose aJ large amzouLnt of surprise onil the EJ  of old age.
part of her who was raised as well as   EBAL was the son of Shobal, and
on the part of those who had lamented the grandson of Seir the ilorite. Gen.
her death.  And whether it was a xxxvi: 23.
matter of rejoicing on her part or not
it was undoubtedly on the part of EBED-gMELECHEI [Ebed-me-lek,]
those who were so deeply wounded in     the king's servant.
her death.  But the miracle was a   EBED-MELECE  was an Ethiopian
glorious confirmation of the gospel, slave of King Zedekiah. We have an
and as such was a matter of rejoicing interesting account of him  in Jer.
to all the Christians and especially to xxxviii. When he heard of the imthe devoted Dorcas.                 prisonment of the prophet Jeremiah
How long she lived after this we do in a gloomy dungeon, he went to the
not know. It may be that for several king and represented it to him as cruel
years she continued her work of Aig- treatment of so good a man. He told




EBE                [1401               EGL
Zedekiah that the prophet was in the EGLAHI-[Eg'-lah,] heifer, chariot,
mire and filth, and moreover was in    ro1und.
danger of being starved. He wrought   EGLAH was a wife of David and the
upon the king's sympathies so that he mother of the sixth son, whose name
ordered him to take thirty men with was Ithream. It is thought that Eghim and draw the prophet up.        lah was the same as Miichal, Saul's
Ebed-mlelech, glad of an opportu- daughter; but as it does not apppear
nity to assist the persecuted servant that Michal had a child " to the day
of God, went to him, and let dclown of her death," it is likely that this
ropes, by which to draw him up; and woman was one which he had while in
that the ropes might not h u r t t h e EIebron. 1st Chron. iii: 3.
prophet's armls, he let clown old rags,
and instructed Jeremiah to put them  EGLON- [Eg'-lon,] heiJfer, chariot,
u n d c r his arm-holes and under the   round..
ropes. Then they drew him up and   EGLON was the King of Mioab, land
took him out of the dungeon, a n d is thought to bhve been the immediate
Jeremiah remained, after this kind- successor of Balak. He fought against
ness of Ebed —mielech, in the court of Israel and had success as we mlay judge
the prison. In Jer. xxsix:15, 18, we by txhe especial appointment Of (od.
have an account of the reward for this This King of Moab, together with the
kindness shown to Jeremiah.  The Amalekiteshad greatly oppressed Israel.
Lord ordered the prophet togo and tell H-le had prevailed against them, they
Ebed-lelech, the Ethiopian, that evil were subdued by hin and his allies and
was purposed upon the city a n d i t s served him eighteen y ears  Judges iii:
inhabitants, but that evil should not 12, 13. "And the children of Israel
come upon him. He was assured that dicd evil again in the sight of the Lord,
he should not be given into the hands and the Lord strengthengeed Eion the
of the men of whom he was afraid, King of Moab against Israel, because
neither -sho-uld he fall by thle sword; they had done evil in the sight of the
but his life should be precious in the Lord. And lie gathered unto him
sight of God. And the reason given Ammon and the children of Amla!ek
for this, his deliverance, was " because and went and smote Israel, and posthou hast put thy trust in me, saith sessed the City of Palm Trees."  Thus
the Lord." HIe had manifested that we observe the power of God vwas with
trust by caring for the prophet Jere- Eglon, fbr he strengthened him to conmiah, and pleading affectionately for quer Israel.
him before King Zedekiall.           The children of Israel recognized the
judgment of God upon them in the op.
EBEER-[E'-ber,] one that passes, an- pression they endured, " they cried unger, wrath.                     to the Lord."  By thlis we amay underEBER is the same as H[-eber, the son stand that they repented of their sins,
of Shebah, and grandson of S h e m. and implored God against whom thley
1st Chron. i: 25.                   had sinned, to grant them pardon, and
deliver them from Eglon the King of
EBIASAPH —E'-bi-a'-saf,]-afather Moab. God heard them, and raised
that gathers together.          thaem up a deliverer in the person of
EBIASAPI-I was a Kohathite Levite, Ehud a Benjamite. The children of
of the family of Korah, one of the Israel sent a present to Eglon by the
forefathers of the prophet Samuel and hand of this man. In which they preof -leman the singer. 1st Chron. vi: tended submission to him. Eglon re23-27.                              ceived their messenger and present.
But before Ehud returned to his people
EDEN-[E'-den,] ipleasure, delight.  he approached the king under pretence
of a secret errand. He pretended to
EDEN was a Gershonite Levite, and have a communication which was to be
son of Joah. 2d Chron. xxix: 12. made to himalone. Accordingly Eglon
I-e lived in the.days of King Heze- sent all his servants from the apartment
kiah, and is probably the same person where he was, and awaited the mess. f:e
that is referred to in 2d Chronicles, of Ehud, who approached the uns' mxxxi': 15.                          pecting king and drew a dagger wi h




.EGL               [141]               ELA
which he had provided himself and   It is quite likely that Ehtcl had a
thrust it into the body of Eglon, so divine call, and hence the killing of
that he died almost instantly. Ehud the king was not mpurder, or the act
escaped leaving the mangled body of of a base and deceiving assassin, but
the king in his parlor. His servants a compliance with the divine will,
waited for awhile and wondered that made known to him. "when he was
their services were  not demanded. raised up as a deliverer."  It may be
At length they procured a key and his commission involved the duty of
opened the door, when, to their horror the killing of Eglon, of putting the
and astonishment, they saw the dead tyrant and oppressor of Israel to death.
body of itheir King lying on the floor, His call is not fully specified, nor his
and at once they understood that the motives expressed. The sacred histomessenger from Israel had murdered rian simply recorded the fact.  Hle
him.                                j~judged Israel we suppose, till he died,
with honor to himself acand profit to
EHI —[E'-hi.]                       the people. It is thought by some,
Was one of the sons of Benjamin that Shamgar, the son of Anath, who
and was numbered with the family of is generally reckoned as the thir d
Jacob who went down into Egypt. judge of Israel, judged Israel in the
Gen. xlvi: 21.                      western part of the country, and Ehud
in the eastern at the same time. For
EHJUD —[E'-hud,] he that praises.   while Judges iii: 31 intim ates that
EIeuD was raised up as a deliverer Shamgap  was his successor,'Judges
for Israel after they had been subdued iv: 1, seents to intimllate that Ehud
by Eglon, the king of Moab, who was was succeeded by Deborah, who deassisted by Amnon and A in a l e k. livered Israel from Jabin, king of the
Their eighteen years submission and Canaanites, to whom they became subservitutde was ended by Ehud, the ject after Ehcud was dead. AVe mnight
son of  -era, a Benjamite, killing the infler from  the history contained in
king of loab, while pretending to Judges iv, that Shamgar was not ulxmgive him  alone, a message from God. bered -with the judges of Israel.
He is said to have been left-handed,
-and we learn that as his sword or EKER.
dagger was hanging by his right side,   A descendant of Judah, through the
he grasped it with his left hand, and families of Hezron and Jeralmeel. Lst
thrust it into the body of Eglon, Chro. ii: 2T.
which resulted in almost instant death.
After Ehud had killed the king, he ELADAI.
fled to lt. Ephraim, and collected a   A descendant of Ephraim, through
body of HIebrews, with which he took Shuthelah. lst-Chron. vii: 20.
at once from the Moabites, the fords
of Jordan, to prevent the return of ELAH-[E'lah,] an o a, oath, an, imany of them, who were panic stricken,   precation.
when they heard that their king was   ELAHI was the son of Baasha, and
dead. He slew with his 1Eebrew sol- king of Israel.  His reign was very
diery, ten thousand of them in their short, lasting only two years.  1st
attempt to cross the Jordan at the Kings, xvi: 8: "In the twenty and
forcs. Judges iii: 29.  "And they sixth year of Asa, king of Judah, began
slew of Moab at that time, about ten Elah, the son of Baasha, to reign over
thousand men, all lusty, and all men Israel in Tirzah two years." 3He was
of valor, and there escaped not a murdered by his servant, Zimri, while
man."  These men that Ehud killed drinking himself drunk in the house of
at the fords were in all probability, Arzah, his steward. The precise manMoabite soldiers, and the most val- ner in which Zimri accomplished this
orous troops-such as Eglon had sta- nurder of the king of Israel- is not retioned among the Israelites to keep corded; but if Elah was drunk, as the
them  in submission. Through th e history states he was, it was not very
influence and conquest of Ehud, Mioab difficult for him to accomplish the murwas conquered alnd  Iaec had rest for der.  The reason why God permitted
eighty years.                       the family of Baasha to be cul; off and




EILA               [142]               ELE
Elah to be murdered, was, they were opinion, asked Moses to forbid them.
grievous offenders against God-caused Moses reproved him for the request.
Israel to sin and provoke divine anger. "Art thou jealous on my a c c o u n t,
1st Kings, xvi: 13.                 afraid I shall be eclipsed. I am not
afraid. On the contrary, I would be
ELAM-[E'lan,,] a young man, a glad if all the Lord's people w e r e
virgin, secret, an age.         prophets. If the same spirit that rests
ELAM was the eldest son of Shem, upon me, rested upon all the people.
whose posterity were called Elamites. Numnbers, xi: 26-28.
His name occurs in Gen. x: 22, where
the names of the children of Shem. are ELEAZAR 1 —[El-e-at-zar,] the help,
given.  The celebrated Chedorlaomer     or court of God.
was king of a country that was named   ELEAZAR was the third son of Aaron.
probably from Elam, the son of Shem. Long after the death of Nadab and
Gen. xiv: 1. There is also an Elam  Abihu, he was with his father, and asmentioned in Ezra, ii: 7, and twelve sisted in the high and holy work of the
hundred and fifty-four of his children priesthood.  He succeeded Aaron as
came up from Babylon with Zerubba- high-priest, and was inducted into that
bel; and still another Elam mentioned office as we learn from Num. xx: 25-28,
in the 31st verse, whose children num- by Moses on Mount Hor. The circumbered the same as the former. There stances under which he entered t he
was also an Elam one of the sacred por- high-priesthood, are thrilling, intensely
ters. 1st Chron. xxvi: 3.           so.  God had declared that Aaron's
pilgrimage was ended: his work was
ELASAH, 1-[El'a-sah,]               done, and he should now be gathered
A priest in the time of Ezra, who u n t o his people. Moses was c o mhad married a Gentile wife. Ezra, x:22. manded to take Aaron and his successor, Eleazar, and bring them up into
ELASAH, 2,                          M/ount Hor, and strip Aaron of his saThe son of Shaphan, one of the two cred vestments and put them upon his
men who were sent on a mission by son, thiswasto denote the transfer of the
King Zedekiah to Nebuchadnezzar, at office from the father to the son. Aaron
Babylon. Jer. xxix: 3.              went in company with his brother and
son, after ministering for the last time
ELDAAI —[El-da'ah,J                 in the tabernacle, after looking the last
One of the sons of Midian, and the time at the Urim and Thummim, the
last one named.  Gen. xxv: 4; 1st divine presence in the pillar of cloud
Chron. i: 33.                       and fire, up to the top of Mount Hor,
resigned his charge, saw his son inELDAD-[EI'-dad,] loved orfavored ducted into the office, pronounced upon
of God.                         him a father's blessing, then laid him
ELDAD Was the associate of Medad, down upon the mountain and died, and
which two were among the seventy ap- M o s e s and Eleazar closed his eyes.
pointed by Moses as his a s s i s t a n t. After his death, they buried him, and
Whether they modestly declined the then came down from the Mount, and
office, or were detained from going to announced the sad intelligence to all
the tabernacle at the time the others Israel.  Eleazar, his son, was recogwent, by some unavoidable hindrance, nized as his successor.
we are not certain. These two men re-   Eleazar assisted Joshua to divide the
mained in the camp, but while the landof Canaan. Numbers, xxxiv: 17.
other elders were engaged in the active "These are the names of the m e n
work at the tabernacle, the spirit of which shall divide the land unto you,
prophecy came upon them, and they Eleazar, the priest, and Joshua, the son
prophesied in the camp. They used of Nun."  They were associated with
the functions of their office among the *one of every tribe.
people in the camp. Supposing it was   Eleazar executed the office of higgta breach of the order that should pre- priest about twenty-three years at Shivail among those who were in the sa- loh, and died, and was buried in a hill
cred office, a young man ran and told that belonged to Phineas, his son and
Joshua, and Joshua being of the same successor. Joshua, xxiv: 33. It is




ELE                [143]               ELI
likely he died a very few years after ELI —[EE-li,] the offering or lifting
Joshua. He was among the last, we  _up.
may suppose, that witnessed the mira-   ELI was a Jewish high priest, who
cles with which God favored them  in was descended from Ithamer the son
the wilderness.                     of Aaron.  His history is recorded
in 1st Samuel i: ii: iii: how it came
ELEAZAR 2 —The helop, or court of that the high p r i e s t h o o d passed
God.                            from the family of Eleazer to that of
ELEAZAR was the son of Dodo, the Ithamer, from  whom  Eli was deA h o h i t e. He was one of David's scended we cannot certainly tell. Wie
mighty men. 2d Sam. xxiii: 9. He gather from the history of Eli that he
seems to have been the second of the was a good man and a -faithful judge
three mighty men. Adina being the in Israel.  HEe was judge as well
first, and Shammah the third. He was as high priest.  It is said in i: 9,
with David at Ephas-dalmim, and con- " Eli sat upon a seat by a post of
tended with the Philistines, when he the temple  of the Lord."  This
was deserted by his fellows, he stood imports that he sat upon a seat of
his ground in or near a barley field, and judgment.  He heard the case of
fought with the enemy and smote them. Hannah and changed his mind as it
It is said he smote " until his hand was regarded her condition, and sent her
weary and his hand clave unto t h e away with his blessing.  Though he
sword."  Along with Shammah, he was a good man his sons Hophni and
defended a field of barley so valorously, Phineas were very wicked.  T h ey
that the Philistines fled before them. committed very great crimes which
1st Chronicles, xi: 12-14.          were reported to their father.  IHe
was pained at their wickedness and
ELEAZAR,, 3 —The help or court of reproved them, but his reproof seems
God.                            to be very mild.  It was in the folA Merarite Levite, son of Mahli lowing language  "why do ye such
andl grandson of Merari. 1st Chron. things? for I hear of your evil doings
xxiii: 21, 24 —28.                  by all this people.  Nay my sons for
it is no good report that I hear; Ye
E.LEAZAR, 4 —-The help or court of make the Lord's people to transgress.
God.                            If one man sin against another the
A priest who took part in the feast judge shall judge him; but if a man
of cdedication, under Nehemiah. Neh. sin against the Lord who shall entreat
xii: 42.                            for him?"  This reproof shows the
kindness of his heart toward his sons,
ELEAZAR, 5 —The help or court of but it exhibits the secret of his failGod.                            ure in their education. He had been
One of the sons of Parosh, an Isra- an affectionate, yet an over-indulgent
elite, who had married a foreign wife father.  He had probably failed to
and put her away. Ezra, x: 25.      bring them  under proper restraints
and discipline, and now though their
ELHANAN, l- [El-ha'-nan,] grace, conduct was so unbecoming he congift, or mercy of God.          tinued them in their offices. He had
The son of Dodo, a Bethlehemite. lie the authority to disrobe lthem but did
was one of David's mighty men. 1st not use it.
Chron. xi: 26.                        Samuel the son of Hannah was
placed under his charge when but
ELHANAN, 2 —Grace, gift, or mercy three years of age, and was made at
of God.                         that early age the medium of comnmuThe son of Jair, who slew a brother nication on the part of the divine Beof Goliath of Gath, the Philistine giant. ing with Eli. The child came to him
The name of the giant he slew was three times supposing he called himiLahmi, and the place where he slew when Eli told him it was the Lord
him was Gob. 1st Chron. xx: 5, gives who was talking to him and bade him
an account of the slaying, and 2d Sam. answer the next call, which he did,
xxi: 19, gives an account of the place and faithfully reported to the venand the act.                        erable high priest.  Eli had been




ELI                [144]               ELI
warned by a prophet of God whose ELIAB, 1-[E-li'-ab,] god mny faname is not given, 1st Sam. ii: 27. But   ther.
now  his little pupil receives from    ELIAB was the son of Helon, of the
God for the aged man a reiteration of tribe of Zebulun. H1e was the chief
the calamities that are to come upon of that tribe, and was associated with
hlim, and reports them.  Through Moses and Aaron in managing the
Samuuel Eli learned that these trials business of their lation, at the time
were just at the door-they were about of their exodus from  the land of
then to fall upon himi.  He should Egypt. Num. i: 9. And when the
coon see his beloved country invaded tabernacle was filly set up, he made
by a foe; his sons slain both of them  an offerilng  ibor his' tribe. Numbers
in one day, and some other family take vii: 24.
the honors of the priesthood that had
belonged to his. 1-e received the de- EL, AB, 2-God mz7yfacther.
nunciations without murmuring, *for   Was a lReubenite, the son of Pallu,
lhe knew full well that it was just, the fat;er of ]Dathan and Abiram, or
hence he bowed to the divine will.    progenitor.  INlumlbers xxvi: S; xvi:
It was not long after Samuel had 1-12. Deut. xi: 6.
thus communicated the divine will, until the Philistines ipvaded tlho country, ELIAB, 3 — God gmy father.
fought with the Hebrews and conquered   Was one of D]avidc's brothers, and
them, killing thirty thousand of them, the eldest of Jesse's family. H is
and Hophni and Phineas, the sons of daughter is represented as marrying
Eli, were slain according to the predic- her cousin Eeloboarn. 1st Sam. xvi:
tion. But this was not all. They hlad. 2d Chron. xi: 18.
taken the ark of God, which oulght to
I-ave remained at Shioll, with them to EILIAIB, 4-God n/yfa-t he r.
blattle. They thought it would be an   Was a sacred porter in the time of
advantage to them and had sent for it D]avid. 1st Chron. xv: 18.
to the camp, but the battle went against
them and it was taken possession of by ELIAB, 5 —God qiyfither.
the enemy. It was not long after the   Was one of the Gadites who came
defeat until a mressenger went and told over to, and joined D]avid in the wilEli. I-Ie could bear to hear that Israel derness. 1,st Chron. xii: 9.
vwas defeated, and even to hear that his
sons were slain, though that intelligen e ELIAB, 6 —God mqy facher.
was sad and filled his soul with grief,   Was one of the foreflatiers of Sambut when he heard that the ark of' God uel, the prophet. 1st Chron. vi: 27.
was taken, lie could not endure it, "lhe
fil backward from off the seat by the ELIADA,    -[E-li'a-dah,] tlhe 70nowL
side of the gate, and his neck brake and  ccdge of God.
he died."                              ELIADA was one of David's sons,
Eli was an old man, ninety years of born unto him after Jebus was taken,
-ife when these calamities came upon andJ erusalem established. 2d Sam.
Mlim, and lie had jidgecl Israel for forty v: 16.
years.  The prediction regarding his
ulmily was fulfilled.  1is two sons and ELIADA, 2-The hinowledge of God.
hi's daughter-in-law died the sanme day   Was a mighty man of war, who led
he did. Ahitub, the brother of Icha- two hundred thousand of his tribe,
1 od succeeded Eli, and Ahiah succeeded Benjamites, to the ar my of Jehoshahim. Ahimeleech succeeded him, and phat. 2d Chron. xvii: 17.
lis family were all murdered by Saul
except Abiathar, who fled for his life ELIAHBA-[E-li/ah-bah,]
and went to David, when the high   The Shaalbonite, was one of David's
priesthood was again settled in the fain- mighty men. 2d Sam. xxiii: 32.
ily of Eleazar in the person of' Zadok.
Solomon deposed Abiathar, the only ELIAKIAI 1,-[E-li'a-kim,] the 9-esurremaining descendant of Eli, who had    rection, of God, God the avenger.
served in the priesthood during the   ELIAKnIr  was the son of Hilkiah, and
reign of David.                      was associated with Shebna the scribe,




ELI                [145]                ELI
and Joah the recorder, in an embassy of God.  He was the messenger of
to Sennacherib, king of Assyria, from  peace; and he wept over Jerusalem
King Hezekiabh.   The office that Elia- and the inhabitants-of Judah.
kim filled under Kino Hezekiah was
that of' clief treasurer and master of ELIAISM[   2 -  The resurrection of
the household. I-Ie was probably chief    God, God the avenger.
of the embassy. H-le stood before Sen-   Was the samne as Jehoiakim King of
nacherib's servant, Plab-shakeh, an ud Judah. 2d Kings xxiii: 34.
delivered the message. 2d Kings, xviii:
26. They received nothing from Rab- ELIAK[I   3 -  The resurrectio~n of
shakeh but abusive language, and pro-     God, God the avenger.
tested against it. They especially com-   Was one of the priests in the days of
plained that he used such words in the Nehemiah, who helped to build and
hearing of the Jews, and asked him  dedicate the walls of' Jerusalem. Neh.
not to speak longer in the Jews' lan- xii: 41.
guage, but to speak in the Syrian
tongue.  But Rab-shakeh would not ELIAKIM  4 -  The resurrecationt of
cease:; on the contrary, spoke yet in     God, God the avenger.
the Jews' language and louder than be-   Was in the line of Joseph the husfore.  When they found they could band of l])dary, and appears as the eldobtain nothing but abuse from  him, estsonof Judah orAbiud. -Matt. i: 13.
they returned to King Hezekiah weeping, with their clothes rent, and told ELIAKIM  5- Ti.e resurrection of
himn  the words of Rab-shakeh.  2od       God, God the aveqnger.
Kings, xviii: 37.                      -lHe appears in the line of Christ as
Not long after this King Hezekiah the son of MIKelea and the father of
sent Eliakim and one other of the for- Jonan. Luke iii: 30, 31.
rner embassadors, with a company of
the elders of the priests, to Isaiah, the ELTAI  1-[E-li'-anm,] the people of
prophet, the son of Amoz; and in the      God.
ears of that prophet they poured out   Wa-s the father of Bathisheba, the:
their complaints. They set the case of wife of David. 2d Sam. xi: 3.
their imminent peril before him, and
earnestly desired his prayers and inter- ELTAM  2 —Te people of Grod.
cessions in their behalf. Isaiah received   Was the son of Ahithoplihel the counEliakim and his associates, and proph- seller. 2d Sanm. xxiii: 34.
esied evil concerning their enemies.
Eiiakim went back to Hezekiah from  ELIASAPH —[E-lii-a-saf.
the interview with Isaiah with very dif-   ELIASAP-I was the son ofeunel, of
ferent feelings to those which he had the tribe of Gad. He was chief of
when he returned from  Rab-shakeh. his tribe, and was associated with
He came not now weeping over the city M o s e s and Aaron in managing the-doomed, as he thought, to destrue- business of their nation at the time of
tion-and over the blasphemy of the their exodus foml the land of Egypt.
enemies of God and his people, but Num. i: 14. And when the tabernacle
expecting divine deliverance, as prom- was fully set up he inade an offeringised by the prophet Isaiah.          for his tribe. Nunl. vii: 42.
Eliakim is spoken of in very high
terms in Isa. xxii: 20, &e. The Lord ELIASHIB, 1- [ -li'-a-shib,] t h e
called him to the high and important      God of conversion.
position of chiel treasurer and master   ELIASIIITB was one of the priests:
of the household. HIe was to wear the appointed by David when he divided'
king's robe, be girded with his girdle, them  into twenty-four orders.  His.
govern in his klindom, and be a father lot was the eleventhe. 1st Chronicles,.
in Jerusalem andc to the inhabitants of xxiv: 12.
Judah.
Because of his position and his malny ELIAS}HIB, 2-T-he God of converexcellencies, hle has sometimes been      sion.
styled an inmportant type of Christ.   ELIAST-TIBM is brought to our view in'
Like Christ, hle was over the householl Ne. iii: 1, as also xiii: 4-7. He is,
10




ELI               [146]               ELI
represented as a leader in the import- ELIEL, 4.
ant work of rebuilding the walls of   Is called the Maharite, and was one
the sacred city. As he was a h i g h of the heroes of David. He is referred
priest, it was right that he should Su- to in the list of the king's guard. 1st
periniend. He is represented as build- Chron. xi: 46.
ing the sheep-gate, that may have been
the gate by which the offerings we re ELIEL, 5,
brought into the temple.              One of the Gadites who came to DaBut in the latter quotation he is vid when he was in the wilderness, and
r e p r e s e n t e d as committing a great being hunted by Saul. 1st Chron. xii:
wrong by preparing a chamber in the 11.
temple for a heathen-T o b i a h, t h e
Ammonite. He was allied to this ELIEL, 0.
heathen in some way, how, we do not   Was a Kohathite Levite at the time
know, but probably he had married of removing the ark from the house of
his daughter. His conduct in this Obed-edom to Jerusalem. 1st Chron,
respect was very wicked, and not ap- xv: 9.
proved by the chur6h or nation. It
was an abuse of power on his part as ELIEL, 7.
high priest, having the overnight of   Was a Levite in the time of Hezethe temple. The error was afterwards kiah, and one of the overseers of the
corrected. Neh. xiii: 8. "And it offerings made in the temple.  2d
grieved nme sore; therefore I cast out Chron. xxxi: 13.
all the household stuff of Tobiah out
of the chamber." Nehemiah cleansed ELIEZER, — [E-li-e'-zer,] help o r
the temple of this impurity. Whether    conrt of my God.
Eliashib was punished for his unfaith-   ELIEZER was the servant of Abram,
fuiness to the high charge he h a d "born in his house."  He was of Dar e c e  v    d, and the reproach he had nmascus. Abram  had no son, and realbrought on the priesthood, we know ized that his servant, Eliezer was for
not.                                the present, and was likely to be, instead
of a son unto him. Gen. xv: 2. "And
ELLkTJLDkH —[E-Ii'-a-thah,] thouq Abram said, Lord God what wilt thou
art,my God, mray God comes.    give me, seeing I go childless, and the
ELIATIIAHI  was one of the sons of steward of my house is this Eliezer of
Heman, and when the lots were cast, Damascus."  He had committed unto
a n d t h e singers were divided into this servant the care of his estate, who
twenty-four courses, the twentieth lot might be faithful as a servant until his
came to him. Ist Chron. xxv: 27.    master died, when Eliezer would have
control and bear rule over all that he
ELIDAD —[E-li'-dad.]                had. Abram  seemed as yet to be in
ELIDAD was the son of Chislon, of doubt as to whether it would be his
the tribe of Benjamin, and was one of seed begotten or his seed adopted of
the princes that assisted Joshua and whom God would make a great nation,
Eleazar in dividing the land of Canaan and who should be as the dust of the
among the tribes of Israel. Numbers earth in number. Genesis xii: 2, and
xxxiv: 21.                          xiii: 16. But the promise of a son was
made to Abram, and in due time Isaac
ELIEL, 1-[E'li-el,]                 was born. When Isaac was grown up,
One of the heads of the tribe of Ma- and Abram sought for him a wife, he
nasseh, settled on the east of the Jor- called Eliezer his faithful servant unto
dan. 1st Chron. v: 24.              him, and bound him by a solemn oath
not to take a wife for Isaac of the
ELIEL, 2                            daughters of the Canaanites, but to go
A son of Toah, and a forefather of to Messopotamia, and procure one from
Samuel the prophet. 1st Chron. vi: 34. amongst the kindred. Eliezer was also
charged not to enter into arrangements
ELIEL, 3.                           that would make it necessary for Isaac
A chief man of the tribe of Benja- to go there either for a temporary or
min, referred to in 1st Chron. viii: 20. permanent residence. Gen. xxiv: 1-6.




ELI                [1471                ELI
Eliezer went to Nahor and tarried at a Num. iii: 21-26. They served at the
well until Rebekah, the daughter of tabernacle and were appointed to carry
Bethuel came out With a pitcher to burdens.  Num. iv: 24-28.
draw water. Hle had prayed earnestly
to the Lord to give him "good speed." ELIEZER, 3 —Help or court of my
He had indicated the manner in which     God.
the damsel that was to return with him    The son of Zichri, was the ruler of
should:speak and act. Rebekah filled the tribe of Reuben.  1st Chronicles,
the request of Eliezer, then invited him  xxvii: 16.
to her father's house to tarry for the
night, and he agreed to do so, thankful ELIEZER, 4 —Help  or court of my
in his heart to God for the indications   God.
he had of -success in his undertaking.   ELIEZER, the son of Dodavah was a
Finding that the -maiden was a neice of prophet who foretold king Jehoshaphat
his master Abram, he presented her that the fleet which he had ouilt in
with a set of goldenear-rings and a pair conjunction with  the wrecked king
of bracelets. She soon introduced the, Ahaziah, should be so far disabled as
stranger to her father's -tfamily, and he to be unable to go on the contemplated
made known at once to them his em- voyage to Tarshish. 2d Chron. xx: 37.
bassy and the dealings of the Lord with " Because thou hast joined thyself with'him.  iHe designated Rebekah as a Ahaziah, the Lord hath broken thy
wife for his master, anda asked that they works.  And the ships were broken,
send her without delay with him. He that they were not able to go to Tar-demanded a positive answer at once. shish."
The father and brother expressed their
convictions that it was of the Lord, and ELIIU, 1-[E-li'hu,] he is mzy God
hence they dare not oppose it. They      himself.
threw the responsibility of settling the   ELIHU was the son of BarachelB
mnatter upon her, and she decided to He visited the afflicted patriarch Job,
go. Eliezer then preseiited her with in the midst of his distress. When
fine jewels and rich apparel, he also he attended the conference  between
gave valuable presents to -her mother Job and his three friends, Eliphaz'
and her brother, and the next morning the Temanite, Bildad the Shuite, and
lhe took his departure for Beersheba, Zophar the iNaamanite. He listened
and in a few days arrived there. When to the remarks on both sides, and was
Eliezer neared his master's tent, he displeased alike with Job  and his
saw Insaac in the field, informed Rebek- friends.  I-e thought their accusaah who it was, and the'two met and in tions and insinuations against Job,
a, short timne afterwards were. married, were unjust-that they had no good
according to the Patriarchal customs. grounds for calling the afflicted man
Genesis xxiv.                         a hypocrite, and making such severe
censures, and using such hard
ELIEZERI, 2 —iTHelp or court of my speeches against him. Yet he thought
ZGod.                            that Job, in defending himself, had
EIIEZER was the son of Moses and used improper language, and had used
Zipporah, his Midianitish wife.  He e xpression s which savored very
was the younger son, Gershom being str o ngly of self-righteousness. H-e
the older. His name is not mentioned also thought that Job had charged
where he is first referred to, viz: when the Divine Being wrongfully.  Had
Moses makes ready to go with his wife questioned God's goodness and love,
and sons into Egypt, on the mission to mercy and justice, in the mysterious
which Jehovah had appointed him. providences through which he had
Ex. iv: 20. The name of Eliezer oc- passed.
curs in Ex. xviii, when Jethro, the   ElIhu being a young man, did,not
father-in-law of Moses brings Zipporah intrude his views and feelings -until;andher two sons to him.. The family the conference was about to close.
of Eliezer, like that of Gershom, was He waited until they had said all they
incorporated with the Levites, and they wished to say, then he unburdened:had together with the family of his bro- his heart fully to them. His address
ther, care of the tabernacle and tent. is lengthy, including the 32d, 33d,




LI                 [14Si                ELfI
34t    t, 35t1, 36th and 37th chapters of Elijsh, under a commission from CGod,
Job. He first expresses his disap- assured Ahab that there should be:
probation of Job and his three friends. neither dew nor rain for a length of
HIe then p3roposes to reason with Job time, only as he, the prophet, prayed/
in meekness and sincerity, and after for it. Consequently the drought beshowing him how his expressions are gan and Elijah -went to the b r o o k
irreverent, he vindicates the Divine Cherith that he might drink of its:
providence. Then follows an earnest "waters until it failed. HIe concealec
exhortation to the three friends. It himself near this brook, and' was fed
may be said of the' entire address of:miraculously by ravens who "brought
Elihu, that it is a masterly defense of:him bread and flesh in the morning
God, his attributesand'providence, and andcl bread and fesh in the evening."
a reproof for irreverence on the part of What a beautiful sight is presented:
Job, with severe reprimand and con- here, in the history of this prophet.
demnation of Eliphaz, B il d a d and Somewhere in the country of Israel'
Zophar, for their very unlcharitable it may be in some secluded  sp o t,,
views and expressions against Job.    angels, or possiblymrnen, were employed
Elihu is supposed to have been a by the Divine being to prepare Elijalh
descendant of Nahor, the brother of two meals everyday, and after preparAbraham, by Buz, his second son.    ing it, await the coming of lthe ravens,,
who were also cmployed by Gdd, to:
ELIHIU, 2 —Ie is mny? God hiMzscf.  tale charge of the meal and bear it
Was the great-grandfather of Sam- away to the solitary home of Elijao..
uel. The namle occurs with his re — About the same time each morninglation to Elkanah in 1st Sam. i:' l.    and each evening, as the prophet be-.
ca m e hungry, he. looked up: in the.
ELIHIU, 3 —I'e is my' God I7tinself.   d i r ec ti on they were accustomed to:
ELIHU or- Eliab was the eldest son of come, and saw t'herm on wing approach-.
Jesse.  He is called Eliihu in 1st ing him -with his meal. They left it
Chron. xxvii: 18, When Samuel was with. Elijah, and he partook of it with,
sent to anoint David to be king, as a thankftil heart.
soon as he saw Elihu or Eliab, he   But at length the brook dried up,
said: "Surely the Lord's anointed is and under the direction of God Elijab.
before ]him," but in that he was' mis- sought another home. He went to the
taken. 1st Sanll. xvi: 6. This brother c. ity of Zerephath, and as he Twas enterof David was. in the- iarmy of king ing it he saw a poor widow engaged in'
Saul, and coimplained' of the shepherd gatherinu  a few sticks withx a view to,
boywhen he proposed to meet the Phil- preparing the last meal; for she had;
istine giant in battle.    s t S am. only a handful of meal and a little oil
xvii: 28.                            left-, with which to make one s m a  11
c a k e f or herself and her only son.
ELIHU, 4 —lie is,?J God hiMmself.   Elijah saw the woman and called her
ELIIu was a descendant of Obed attention to his wants. He- bade her:
Edom, and one of the sacred porters. b r i n g h i m  a little water. I-e had'
1st Chron. xxvi: 7.                  probably traveled all the way froi the
brook Cherith without a d r in k of
ELIJAH- [E-].i-jahll,] God the Lord, water. The woman saw him a weariect
the strong Lord.                 traveler, and sympathizing with him,.
EIJAI-, the Tishbite, was a noted sh e started in the direction of her
prophet in Israel.  He is referred to humble cottage to procure himn drink,
in the New Testament bythe  name of but he called her attention again to
Elias. HI-e was a native of Gilead, andc himn, and bade her bring him  aiso a
prophesied in the time of King Ahab. piece of bread. She ventured then to
Ahab siined greatly against G od, unfold her wretched condition to him.
especially by turning to idolatry, and " I lave not a cake, but a handful of
in marrying Jezebel, a heathen woman meal in a barrel, and a little oil in a
and a gross idolater. IHe countenanced cruise, and behold I am gathering two
the worship of Baal and the Groves, sticks that I may go in and dress, it for
and God determined to: punish him, me-and my son, that we ray cat it and
and the nation over which he reigned. I die."  This was a sad tale indeed; the




ELI    [            149]                 EL
-poor'widow -was at the:pointof starv-   After the drought andc famine'had
ation-she saw no hope for the future. continued  for three  years and six
Elijah bade her not fear, but go bake months, the prophet Elijah was com-a cake for him first, and then for her- missioned to go to Ahab the king, and
self and lher son; acnd then le assured inllorma   him  that the land should be
her that the meal should not waste nor blessedl witlh rain.  This scene in the
the cruiseof ofil fail ynuti] the famine history of Elijah is exceetingly thrill-'as ended. The patrhcl eartc shodlcl ing.  He met' Obadiah one of the sra g a i  be blessed with rait, anrd the' vlant of Ahab, and bade him  go tnd:labor of.thelLhusbandman be rew arded. inform  his' master that he desired to
There were many,other flamilies in the'ee.hilm; n  Obadiah  ma de objections to,city that were sufering fronom the far-'  reporting to  the king, the:chief of
ine, anc  so all through the land there which vmere that the king'with murkwere those that;were like this awolan clcrous intent hald searched the whole
in extremity, but.unto -none of them  kingdom.adnd the adjoocent country and
w.;-as Elijah sevnt save unto tlhis woman.  kingdoms for El"jah  -anid woull Furely'The poor-woman believed the prophlet  ill -hin if he ceme  within.his power,;
nl  tolloaed -hs  nstreutilon'    ncl 2and fm Lth ermore, lhe feared that if lhe:Eilijah.l.entered her ho::so  and tarried informed.Ahab of the presence of the
t  e r e C:daring the resminider.of t.h e prophet that the spilrt of the Lord,do rth livaing  wiith the woa n  n and vo{ld carl y him  away, and then -his
1'cr son u0pon'he mnulutplied meal and king  enraged at hilil, u would -nuroil  $t t42t Elijrll'am  not only Ledl deciehl   in the steacl of EliBjah.  -c
-m1r i  e  on u   y at   zicrit  for L rew  carnestly dccsired to -bea relesed froin
r-:onthlls b:ut he v'as,sustaiuned:mirsau- tihe?painfu l ciduty of periling the life of
lously t:hough the  whole dearth.     the prophet andC his own lifbe,partly on
A  very intleresting ciLcumstanoe oc- the  ground  that he:had been the,cured about two years after he came to frmiend and protector of the Lord's
tlhe house of this w idow a nd her sone prophets — a iunddred of:whom lie had
It illustrates the doc-Line of the soul's fed in two caves with bread and water.
~lamnortality and immna.terliaity, and the The,prophet then assured'Obadiah
4:ower of Elijah's-' God. The son died, thiat lie need not fear, for,he hlad de-.anld with a sorrow-aig heart the widow  tefrmined to show himself that day to'bent over -lis fallen fbrm  and mourned Ahab,  Being thus assured,'Obadiah
-,s none but a mllofter can sorrow for hastened to Ahab and infornmed lhii'the loss of an. only son. She caie to of the.whereabouts'of Elijah, and of
Elijah and complnecd that'Ii'e hadl his desire'to see him.  The king went
collme to call hcr sins-to remembrance -without delay  to where Elijah was,.:and to slay her soln.  The -prophet and accosted him rather roughly by.deeply synimpathized with the sorrow- charging him with being thetroubler
strickemn woman, and took thle child up of Israel.  Elijah repelled the charge'into -his own room and laid hiim on,his and in his reply told -the king that he
own bed. He became deeply interested himself land 3his family, by their wickin the case, and in the fullness of his edness and idolatry, were the troublers
iheart laid it before the Lord. "And of Israel.   They had brought this
he stretched'himself upon the child dearth and famine upon the land by.three times, and cried unto the Lord erecting heathen teniples and counte-'and said, 0 Lord my God, I pray thee nancing and'-worshiping false'Gods..
let this child's soul come into him  Elija'h then.asked the king that the
aogain."  His prayer was -earnest and people of Israel'be assembled at M!t.'importunate.. The Lord heard it, and Carnmel'with four hundred and fifty
the request was granted-" the soul of prophets of'Baal, and four.hundred
ithe child came unto him nagain -ad che'prophets of tlre groves to test the rmatrevived," and he gave:him to his mo- ter as to whether Jehovah or Baal
ther alive'; and while she il the joy of was the true -God. Ahab accordingly
lier  heart embraced her son, she de- gave orders to. that effect, and soon
dlared herlstrong convictions th1 at Elijah the people witlh these false prophets'was a man of God —that the word of were convened.  And Elijah  stood
the Lord in his mouih was truth..1st before the people and boldly rebuked.Kinpgs7 xvii..themn for their sins, in "halting be



ELI                [150]                ELI
tween two opinions," hesitating as to i at once; to flee to Beersheba. As this
whether they wouldd serve God or was probably not more than one hunt
Baal. He then made a proposition to dred miles from Jezreel, he determined
test the power of God and Baal by to pursue his course further. But he
offering sacrifices that should be con- dismissed. his servant at this place, and
sumed by fire froim  heaven.  They went on alone toward the Arabian desagreed to the proposition.  B a a I1's ert.  The first night after he comprophets erected their altars and of- menced his lonely travel, wearied and
fered their sacrifices first.  In the fatigued he laid dcown under a juniper
midst of the ceremonies of their tree, and as he thought of the persesacrifice, in their earnestness and in- cutions through which he had passed,
tensity of feeling they cut themselves the destruction of^ the- Lords prophets
with knives, leaped upon the altar and throughout the kingdom of Israel, he
cried " 0 Baal hear us."  But it was wished to die.
a signal failure. Elijah then stepped   Inhissolitucle-andsadnesshisattentiont
forward in the presence of the multi- was arrested by an angel, who touched
tude and erected his altar, slew his him and bade him rise up and eat probullock and. laid it thereon. Ie then visions he had brought him. He diddrenched his, sacrifice: and altar with so, and then slept. After a few hours he
water until a large trench was filled to awoke from his sleep, an angel appeared
the brim around the altar. And Eli- again and bade him eat and drink of
jah prayed to his God for a display of that which, he had brought him, and he
divine power in consuming thIe sacri- did so, after which he resumed his
fice in the sight of all the people. journey and traveled for forty days
Scarcely'- had he commenced praying without reficesl4ments, and came to the
until firec was seen f. a s h i n g firom Ilount of God called Horeb. Here heheaven,. and that sacrifice and altar took up his home for a time in a cave,
was its center' of attraction.  It was and at this cave the Almighty comnot long until the fire: consumed the muned: with him. Eiijah's God bade
flesh,, and wood and stones and water, him stand in the mouth of the cave
and even the earth where the altar and as he did so a strong wind passed
stood.  The people were astonished overit.  He heard itsroaring'and proband cried out,' The Lord he is God." ably felt its influence. That wind was
Elijah then ordered the prophets of followed by an earthquake, and the
Baal to be slain, and his order was earthquake was followed by a flaming
obeyed, none escaping. IHe then in- fire, and that flaming fire was followed
formed Ahab that the drought was at by a still' small voice, and in that voice
an end, soon there. should be' rain.    the Lord addressed himself to Elijah
As the people were dispersing from  and assured him that there were seven
the place of execution of the prophets thousand in Israel that had not bowed
of Baal, Elijah returned to the summit the knee to Baa]. The Lord then bade
of the mount and prostrated himself the prophet go back again to his own
before the Lord in prayer' for rain, hav- country, and anoint Hiazael to be King
ing Gehazi his servant with him to ohb- of Syria, and Jehu the son of Nimshi
serve.  After  praying  seven times to be king over Israel, and Elisha thl
Gehazi reported a cloud arising out of son of Shephat to be prophet in his
the sea. Elijah then bade him  tell stead. This was a very important misAhab " there-is thesound of abundance sion. Not long after this Elijah called
of rain," to make ready and go to Elisha whom he found plowing in a
Jezreel at once, lest the rain stop him, field with oxen, and he referred the anwhile. Elijah~ himself girded up his loins ointing of the two kings to him, 1st
and ran before the, king to the entrance Kings xix.
of the city.  1st Kings xviii.         Elijah again threw  himself in the
The success that-crowned Elijah in the way of Ahab and told him of the judgrecent demonstrations, and the slaugh- ments that God would visit upon him
ter of the prophets of Baal enraged and his wicked family. Ist Kings xxi.
Jezebel the Queen, and she determined He denounced Ahaziah and told him
that his life should pay for his conduct, of his approaching end.
and she sent Elijah the word. He re-   Two companies of soldiers composed
ceived the. intelligence and, determined of fifty men, eaech went to him, to appre



ELI                [151]              ELI
hend him and place him in the power called Elijah or Elias. Matt. xvii:
of his enemies, and they were consumed. 10-13. The above reference is made
The captain of the third company beg- in the above passage to the notion
ged for his life and the life of his men, existing among the Jews that Elijah
and they were spared, for Elijah went would conme before the Messiah should
with them under the protection of his make his appearance, and John the
God.                                baptist declared to be that Elias.
When Elijah was about to be trans-   At the transfiguration of CGKr is t,
lated he made efforts to get out of the Elias witlh Moses, d e s e n ded from
company of Elisha that his translation Heaven, ancl in shining raiment, stood
might be secret, but in this he failed, near Jesus and conversed with him.
for his successor followed him closely. Matt. xvii: 5.
l hen they came to Jordan Elijah
struck the waters with his mantle and ELIKA —[E-li'ka] pelica.n of God.
they divided and the two went over. W1 as one of David's guard. He is
Elijah then asked Elisha what should called an Harodite. 2d Saun. xxiii: 25.
be done for him, and lie answered " let
a double portion of thy spirit. fall on ELIMELEC1H - [E-lim'e-lek,]?ny
ce."  Elijah toldl him his request was a  God is kian/.
great one, and yet it should be granted   Was a man of the tribe of J-udah,
on condition that he saw him when his who dwelt in BEthlchem in the days
translation occurred. The two together of the Judges. Because of a famfine
passed on a little further, when a coni- in the land, he, with his wife Naomi,
pany of angels, and the form  of a and their two sons, went to sojourn in
Chlariot and hlorses of fire appeared, and loab, whlere he and his sons both
Eilijah understanding that they had died. Ruth.
conime for him, quick as thought left the
side of Elislha and entering the chariot ELIOENLM5, 1 — [-le-e'-na-i,] towas borne by a whirlwind into heaven.   ward hin care my eyes, mny founEiisha in the excitement looked at the  tais, toward him, n is my poverty or
ascending chariot and cried after Elijah,    gmisery.
i'  y father, my father, the chariot and   Was the eldest son of Neariah. 1st
horsemen of Israel."  il:e mantle of Chron. iii: 23.
Elijah had fallcn from Iliimi as hle ascended, and Elisha took it up and re- ELIOENA!, 2- -oward hinm are my
turned to the Jordan that they two had  eyes, towaerd him is my ~poverty or
crossed a little while before, and with  misery.
the mantle he smote the waters and  WTas the head of the family of the
they divided again. Elijah thus went Simeonites. 1st Chron. iv: 36..
up to heaven and there he has ever
since with Enoch of an earlier age, ELIOENAI, 3 —Tow-ard hivm are,my
represented ian in glorifed humanity.  eyes, toward him, is my poverty or
After his translation, fifty of the   m1,isery.
yonthful prophets sought his body by   Was a Benjom.ite, and head of one
the permission of Elisha for three the families of the sons of Beeher.
days. 2d Kings, 1 and 2.            1st Chron. vii: 8.
In the tinme of Jchoram, king of
Judah, a writing of the prophet Eli- ELIOENAT, 4 —oward hign care myn
jah was presented, in which thle sins   eyes, toward him is ~my poverty or
that had been commilltted were brought    mnisery.
to relembrance, and the judgments   WVas the seventh son of Mesheleof God declared as they should fall miah, of a FKorhite Levite family, and
upon the king and his family.  2d one of the doorkeepers of the house'
Chron. xxi: 12-15.                  of the Lord. 1st Chron. xxvi: 3.
The New Testament refers to this
iportant person frequently, and John ELIOENAI, 5-Toward him are my
the Baptist because of his temper,    eyes, towcard him is my poverty or
apparel, method of living, and faith-   misery.
ful manner of reproving vice, with his   Was a priest of the line of Pashur.
zeal for the right, and his gifts, is Ile was one of those who had mar



ELI                 [152]                ELI
ried a foreign wife. Ezra x: 22. He and the grandson of the former Eliphaz.
was one of the priests who assisted H1-e is called Eliphaz the Temanite. He
Neheaniah at the dedication of the was, we may judge from  Job, xv. 10,
wall of Jerusalem.  Neh. xii: 41.      an old mlan.  "With us are both the
~. gray-headed and very aged men, much
ELIOENAI, 6 —ow.'.rd higm are zy elder than thy father."  -ancd as he is
eyes, toward hin, is mqy lpoverty or the first to speak to Job of the three,m'sery.                          who are visiting him, it is likely he was
Was. an Israelite of the sons of the eldest of the company.  The object
Zat he, who had also married a foreign he had in view with his companions
wile%.                                was to mourn with the afflicted, and to
conifort him. Job, ii: 10. I-Ie corlELIOSE PH-                            mones his address in the fourth chapELIOSEPEt and his brother Ahia, ter, in which he eefers to Job's characwere the sonss of Shesha, scribes for ter as an instructor-t-ce work le had
king Solomon.                         performed of minisbering to the afflicted
-"strenthengtienng theo weak  hands,"
ELTIPHEAL-[El/i-fla1.]                and reproves hini for his faintness, as
/Was a son of U r, an d o n e of he calls it, in the midst of Ilis afflictions.
David's b ody- g-ar d. 1st Chron. -lec insinuate. ltha.t Job had been wicklred
xi: 35.                                and hlypo Crnical. o-Ie endeavors to convince Mlinm that none are punished in
ELIPHALET, 1-[E-lif'a-let,]  the such extraordinary manner as he was
God of delivein, ce.             bleing punished, but gross sinners; and
Was the thirteenth son  born to he pleads with Job to repent of his silns
David  after  his establishment in -to renoulce his wickedness, and plead
Jerusalem. 2d Sam. v: 18.             withl God for deliverance.  See chapters
xv and xxii.
ELIPHALET, 2-The God of de-   As cvidence that Eliphaz was mis/viversane. c.                    taken regarding Job, in chapter xlii, we
Vas a son of Abashai, one of the learn that the wrath of God was kinthirty warriors of David, who served dled against him and his friends wh9
as his body-guard.  2d Sam. xxiii: 34. had joined hinm iln his ~ml:e charges;
and under the direction of God Job
ELlPESALET, 3 —The  God of de. prayed for them, and their sin was forZiveracce.                        given.
Was one of the lea.ers who returned from  Babylon vwith Ezra.  Ez. ELIPHELEiH-[Eif%-cleh,      ]
viii: 13. H-e  may be the sar-me one   Was one of the Levites who was en~vwho h'al zn-arried a foreign wife. Ez. gaged inr the solemn service of removing
x: 33.                                the ark to Jerusalem, and placing it in
the tent which David had preparedfor
ELIPLkZ, 1-[El'-i-phaz,] the eiwea,- it.  lest Chron. xv: 21.
v;or of God.
ELIPHAZ -was the son of EsaU and ELISHA-[E-1i'-shah,] scdvatiam    of
Adah.  It may be supposed he was           God.
Esau's eldest son, as he is named first   ELISIA the son of Shaphat and the
in the genealogy given in Gen. xxxvi: successor of Elijah was a prophet in
10, &c.; also in 1st Chron. i: 35, &c. Israel.  I-Ie was called to the work
This Eliphaz was the father of six sons. and oftice as he drove  one of his
The following are their names as given: father's twelve plows. 1st Kings xix:
Teman, Omlar, Zepho, Gatam, Kenaz, 19. Whiile Elijah was in the cave at
and Amalek.  The last-named was the Horeb, God prepared him for an imson of Timna, the concubine of Elip- portant revelation he was about to
haz.                                   make to hinm, by displaying his presence and majesty in a strong wind that
ELIPHAZ, 2 —the endeatvor of God. rent the  mountains and brake the
ELIPHAZ, who was one of the visitors rocks around him, which wind was
and pretended friends of Job in his af- followed by an earthquake, and the
-fiction, was probably the son of Teman earthquake by fire,. and the fire by a




ELI                [1531                ELI
still small voice, in which voice the two, a little while before had crossed
revelation was nmde and a part of that it. And as Elijah smote the waters
revelation  was "Elista tthe son of with that mantle,  and they divided
Shaphat of Abel-lueholah shalt thou "hither and thither," so Elisha wiLh
anoint to be prophet in thy room." the mantle semote the waeters and they
1st Kings xix: 16. Elijah found Eli- divided, and the second tim  e he pased
sha in the. felc  lowing,  and as he through on dry ground. The sons of
approached him  he cast his mantle the prophets weire standing upon the
over him, thereby intimating his de- bank of Jordan as Elisha approached
sire that lie should follo w him, and and theysaw the waters divided belbre
succeed him iin the ofice of prophet. himu as they had seen thle waters diElisha understandinLg  Lhen inmport of vide a short while before when Elijah
the act, and probably already feeling smote themn, and they said  ithre spirit
the divine influence upon hlim  that of Elijah doth rest on Elisha."  This
afterwards made him so distinguished was the very thing that Elisha had
as a prophet, signified his willingness asked for, 2d lings it: 9, and it had
to leave his native city —his fat;her's been promnised him on condition th'at
house and his employment as an agri- he saw him rhen he was tcaken from
culturist.  Feeling bhiself to be un- him. He did see him as long as bluder the eharge of Elijah he asked the man vision could follow him.
privilege of going home to bid his   The young prophets mlet him  as he
fatber and mother Gfnewell.  "Let camie up fron the Jordan, and satme, I pray thee, kriss my tither- aud mly isf.ed that he'was the honored successor
mother and then T will fol!ow thee." of Elijah, they bowed to hinm as their
Elisha went back and slew a yoke of superior. The.v asked the privilege of
oxen, and imade a great feast for the hinli to poo in search of Elijah, suppospeople —probably the laborers over ing thlt the "spirit of the Lord had
wholm he had char'ge as'servants of taken himl up and cast hin upon solme
his father.  After t hey had ate to- urountain, or into sonic valley.  He
gethler of the boiled flesh of the oxen tried to dissuade them, but they inporhe lef hopme, tainklg an afectionate tuned and insisted, until he gave them
leave of the household, especially of permission, at the same time assuring
his fathler end mrother.   Fromr this trhemr that their search would be in vain,
time until Ei jah was translated  trhey They went anld searlced three days butl
were companioas.  Elisiiha was miade lound him not.
acquainted with the r e v e  a t io n s    TWhile the search was being mnfde,
that had been nade to Elijah at the Elisha tarried at Jericho. A complaint
cave, and he reibrred thre anointing was made to hima by the inhabitants of
the two kiings to Elis'ha; -iHazael to Jericho, to the effect that, though they
be king of Syria, and Jehu1 the son of were pleasantly situated in many reNimshi to be king of Israel. In 2d spects, yet there was one very serious
Kings viii: 12, we learn that Hazael  difficulty under which they labor e
meets Elisha and soon the prophet " the water is naught, and the ground
assures hian that lie shall be king of is barren."
Syria, and in 2d Kings ix: 1, 3, we   Pleasant as the city of Jericho was
have the account of Ehlsha anointing and its surrounding country, the curse
Jehu.                                of God seemed to rest upon it, in bad
Elislma witnessed the wonderful dis- water. and in a barren land. Elisha
play of divine power and glory in the called for a new cruise and filling it with
translation of Elijah, and tihe same salt, he cast the salt into the springs,
mantle thalt was cast upon hibu while and told the people, of Jericho, t h a t
plowing, signifying his call to the work t h e waters were healed and that the
and office  of a prophet, now falls by land should no longer be barren. He
his side as he looks wonderingly at then left Jericho and turned his face
the chariot of fire bearing  Elijah toward Bethel, and, as he was going he
away. When Elijah had passed away was wickedly mocked by a company of
— the strange scene of his ascension c h i 1 d r e n.  They were probably the
was over, Elisha was reconciled to the school of sonme celebrated teacher, who
separation, took up the mantle and was an idolater, and probably the pa.
went back to the Jordan where thley rents of the children were idolaters.




ELI                [154]               ELI
They had heard of Elijah's ascent, and live, she and her two sons off the rest.
had learned the relation Elisha sus- 2d Kings, iv: 1-7.
tained to him, and they mocked him by   Elisha became acquainted with the
saying,  "Go up thou bald head; Go woman of Shunern and ate with her
up thou bald head. "  The p r o p h e t and her husband. And after that, on
cursed them  in the name of the Lord. an invitation from them, as often as he
The offense was against the Lord, and passed that way " he turned in thither
his servant but executed his purpose to eat bread."  His acquaintance with
when lhe cursed them in his n a le. them  extended, and their mutual esS c a r c e 1 y had the sound of Elisha's teem and regard increased. The Shuvoice died upon the ears of the corn- nelnite prepared a little chamber spepany of children thus mocking him, ciallyfor the prophet, and furnished it
until two she bears came out of the with a bed, and a table, and a stool,
wood.  It may be these bears were and a candlestick, and in that chamber
tracing the footsteps of the murderers the prophet often rested. As a reward
of their young, when they came upon for the kindness shown the prophet
the children insulting the p r o 1 h e t, Elisha, t h i s Shunemite was blessed
"and they tare forty and two children with a son; and when the child was
of tlhem."  2d Kings, ii.            about five years of age, he died sudThe allied army of Israel, Judah and denly. Elisha restored him to life, to
Edom, while contending with iMesha, the joy of his parents. 2d Kings, iv:
king of Moab, applied to Elisha to en- 8-37.
quire of the Lord for them. It was   Elisha visited Gilgal, and while there
through the influence of Jehoshaphat, the sons of thle prophets gathered about
the king of Judah, that1 the application him and welcome;d him among them.
was made to him. As soon as the inter- There was a dearth in the lanA, and
view was had, Elisha addressed himself consequently food was scarce. One of
to Jehoram, the king of Israel, in a very the young plrophets had gathered herbs
just and cutting reproof, for he was an for a mess of pottage-wild gourds, a
idolater.  "What have I to do with bitter and poisonous herb. Hisfellowthee? get thee to the prophets of thy prophets had no sooner tasted it, than
fa t h e r, and to the prophets of thy they cried out, "There is death in the
mother.'"  For the sake of the king of pot!"  Elisha took a little meal and
Judah, who worshiped the true God, cast it into the pot, which removed the
Elisha attended unto their request, and bitter taste and poisonous quality. 2d
enquired for them of' the Lord. Ile Kings, iv: 83-41. Then Elisha multireceived the revelation and. made it plies twenty barley loaves, so that more
known unto them that there should be than a hundred persons ate plentifully,
an abundance of water for their re- and yet left some remaining.
freshment, though they should see no   This prophet was applied to by Naawind or rain, and it was accordin, to man, the Syrian general, who was a
his word. 2d Kings, iii.             leper, to be healed of his leprousy. He
A few days after this a widow of one bade him go wash seven times in Jorof the prophets came to Elisha and dan and he should be healed. He did
complained that her husband's creditor so and was cured; then returned to
had certified his intention to sell her Elisha and o-ffered him large presents,
two sons to pay the debt. The prophet but he would not receive them. And
intent on relieving her, asked if she had afterwards, when Gehazi, his servant,
anything in the house. She answered covetously followed the Syiian and renothing save a pot of oil. He then ceived fiom himn a present, Elisha rebade her borrow vessels, which she did, buked him, and assured him that the
"not a few," and the prophet told her leprousy of Naaman should cleave to
to shut the door of her house upon him. 2d Kings, v.
herself and her two sons, and pour out   Not long after this the young prophfrom her vessel of oil into the empty ets went to the bankl of the Jordan to
vessels, which she did, until they were cut wood, and procure beams of timber
all filled with oil. When they were all with which to enlarge their dwelling;
full the oil stayed, and the woman re- and while one of them was cutting the
ported to thlo man of God who bade axe-head fell into the water, anct he
her sell the oil and pay the debt, and could not find it. Hle came to Elisha




ELI                [1553              ELI
and informed him. The axe was a bor- pass; for the Syrians became alarmed
rowed one, which made t he young at a noise they were made to hear,
prophet the more anxious to procure it. and, supposing it to be forces coming
Elisha went to the place where it had to help the inhabitants of Samaria,
fallen in, and taking a stick he threw or they fled hurriedly from their camp,
thrust it into the water, "and the iron leaving their tents, horses and equidid swim,," and so was recovered.   page. Soon the fact was made known
About this time Benhadad, the king by four lepers, and plenty was enjoyed
of Syria, waged war against Israel; in the city. 2d Kings, vii.
and Elisha informed Jehoram of the   Elisha went to ]Damascus to appoint
plans and machinations of the Syrians, Hazael king of Syria, as Elijah bad
and so they were defeated.  At this directed himl.   e finds BIcnhadad
IBenhadad became troubled and per- sick, and that king probably hearing
plexed, and learned that Elisha dis- him, sends FHazael to enquire o-f li1
closed his thoughts and plans to his as to whether ihe will recover from his
enemy. H-Iaving heard that Elisha was sickness. HIe tells HIazael that Benat Dothan, he sent soldiers to take him, hadad will die, and that he is to be
but Elisha was environed with holrses king in his stead.  I-le then indicated
and chariots of fire. His servant saw to Hazael the policy he would pursue
them coming and was frightened, and -atrocities and wickedncess of which
turning around to El is ha lhe said, he would be guilty as tho king of
"Alas! my master, what shall we do?" Syria; and, although he seemnled to be
The prophet prayed first that the young struck with horror at the pecliction,
manjs eyes might be opened, and his yet he went home, and, with a wet
prayer was answered and his fears re- cloth, smothered or suffocnated King
lieved. 1e then prayed that the Lord Benhhadad; then ascended the throne.
would smite the soidiers with blind-   About this time, Elish a sent a
ness, and his prayer was answered. young prophet to anoint Jehu  to be
Then he led the blind soldiers into Sa- king over Israel, that he mjight cut
maria, where they were in the power off the idolatrous house of Alhab.
of the king of Israel, who would have   Thie work of Elisha being nearly
destroyed theml had not Elisha stopped clone, he was taken sick of the dishim, -and indicated a more hluane and ease of which he died. 2d Ki-ngs, xiii:
sensible mode of treatment: to give 14. During his sickness, Joash the
theml bread and water to eat and drink, king of Israel, came down to see him,
and send them home to their master and wept in his presence, using lanunharmed. 2d Kings, vi: 1-24.       guage precisely like the language that
When Benhadad had besieged Sa- Elisha used when Elijah was transmaria and cut off their supplies, until lated: "My father my fatiler,  the
provisions were exceedingIy scarce, chariots of Israel and the horsemen
even the unclean head of an unclean thereof."  H[{e looked upon the pale
animal was sold for about twenty dol- form of *the dying prophet and felt
lars, and other things used for food that tLhe kingdom of Israel was aboun
in proportion; a n d thousands were to lose a prophetic protector. Elisha
starving. One poor woman cried to directed the king to take bow and
the king against another woman who arrows and shoot out of the window
had agreed, the day before, while with eastward; and he did so. The prophet
her, eating her son, that on that day told hinm the shot presaged deliverthey two should eat her son also, but ance from the Syrian yoke: " Thou
now she refused.  The king heard shalt smite the Syrians in Aphek till
her cries and lamentations, and was thou hast consumed t h em."  The
deeply grieved. He attributed, in his prophet then bade the king take the
grieg, these calamities to Elisha, and the arrows and smite them  on the
determined that he should die.  He ground; and he did, smiting the
sent a messenger to execute his pur- ground thrice. The dying prophet
pose at once; but in this Jehoram  blamed the king that he did not smite
was foiled.                         five or six times, that he might as
Elisha foretold abundant relief to often have defeated the Syrian troops
the inhabitants of Samaria in the instead of three times.
next twenty-four hours, which came to   Elisha died, and they buried him;




ELI                 1[156]               ELI
and, a short time afterward, a ma- ELISHAMIA, 6- God hearing.
raudcing pa-rty of the Moabites were    ve was a priest in the time of Jehosinvading the land, and a faueral pro- haphat.  2d Chron. xvii: 8.
cession passing along saw  the band
and were alarnied; and as the grave ELISItAPIHAT —[E-lislh-a-fat.]
in'which Elisha was buried was open,   A son of Zichri, and one of the cadthey who were carrying the dead mnan tains of hundreds in tie time of Jeho'to burial let hin  down into Elisha's ada. 2d Chron. xxiii: 1.,sepulcher, and as soon as the corpse
touched the bones of the prophet the ELISIHEBA-[E-lish'-e-bah,       ] God:dead iman was restored to life.  "He      hatIk sworn, the f7iness of God.
revived and stood up on his feet.'" 2d   ELISHESA was the wife of Ai'aron
Kings, xiii.                          the daughter of Aminadah, andc sister
to Naashon, who was one of the p1inELISHAH-a-[E~-li'/-hah,] son of Ja- ces of Judah.  The nam   tle osae
vacn; it is Cod, God thcat gives as Elisabeth, a name of t-oe Christian
help,.                            age. The mlother of Johnl the ]Baptist,
ELISLrZATI was a descenldant of Japh- w h o s e name was EhaFbe h,  w ts a
eth, and the scn of Javan.  lie is re- ldaughter of Aaron, and she bare,  as
ferred to in Gen. x: 4. As he is num- we see, the name of Aaron's w i fe.
bered first of the sons of Javan, he was Elitsheba was the umother of' Nadab and
probably the eldest.  Elishalh probably Abihu, who off-ereed strange fi-e unto
settled at Elis, in Peloponesus, and his the Lord, and were destroyed. L-V.
descendants are referred to as trading x: 1, 2. "And offered strange fire f,cewith the Tyrians in Ezekiel, xxvii: 7. fore the Lord, which h e couimanded
"Fine linen with bordered work firom  theim. not. And there went out a fire
Egyp)t, was that which thou spreadest from the Lord and devoured them,   and.
forth to be thy sail;  blue and purple they died before the Lord."  S-Ze Was
from the isles of Elishah was that which also the niother of Eleazar and WIthacovered thee."                         mer. Eleazar succeeded his father to
the office of the high priesthood.
ELISTlAM A, 1-:[E-ish'a. mlah] God U
hearing.                          ELI$HlUA-  r[El-i —sXuuah l] Co d is
ELIS-IAM,_T was of tohe fiily of Ephra-  ny salvati0on.
im, of thie children of Joseph.  I-e   ELISI-IUA was one Of the sons of
was the soni of Ammlihud, e ad chief of Dlavid, born unto himla in Jersalcelm.
the family of Ephlraim.  HI-e was asso- 1st Chron. xiv: 5.
eiated with fMoses and Aaron in man-.aging the business of their nation at ELIZABETII-[E-liz-a-     bethb,] g o d
the time of their exodus fron the land     hactI siworn, thc fidniess of Cod.
of Egypt.  NuIn. i: 10.  And when   ELZAB:ET1I was the wife of Zachthe Tabernacle  was fully set up lie made erias a descendant of Aaron and the
an offering for his tribe. Num. vii: 48. mother of the forerunner of our Lord,
John the J3aptist.  She was also related
ELISHA3MA, 2 —cod 7earinfg.            to the Virgin Mary.  When the angel
A son of king David born unto him  talked with the >zmother of our Lord, he
after  his establishment in Jerusalem. refers her for confirmation of her faith
2d Sanm. v: 16.                       to facts regarding her  "cousin Elizabeth."
ELIS IAMA, 3-God hearing.                According to the description given of
A  descendant of Judah, the son of Elizabeth and her husband in Luke i:
Jekamiah.  1st Chron. ii: 41.          6, we learn that she was a good woman,
"righteous before God,' and with her
ELISHEAMBA, 4-God hecring.             husband she obeyed all the divine cornThe father of Nethaniah, and gTand- mandments.  She held the moral code
father of Ishmael. 2d 1Kings xxv: 25. that God had given, to be sacred, and
was blameless in all the ordinances.
ELISHAMA, 5-Cod hearing.               The ceremonial as well as the noral law
The scribe to king Jehoiakim.  He was observed.  She attended faithfully
is referred to in Jer. xxxvi: 12, 20.    to the duties of religion.




ELI                [157                ELK
Elizabeth lived mlany years with her cruel edict of Herod, that her sonr
honored husband and had no children, should be beheaded.
but when "stricken in years," God gave
her a son. An angel appeared to Zach- ELIZAPHAN, 1-[E-liz'-. afan.]'
arias while he was engaged in minister-   ELIZAPI-AN was the son of Uzziel,
ing in the order of his course in the and a cousin of Moses and A a roln.
temple, and spake to him  of the son He is spoken of in Num. iii: 30, as
that should be born. to Elizabeth, and the chief of the family of the Kohathiof his character and work. The hus- ites. This family had charge of the
band of Elizabeth did not believe fully ark, and the table and the candlestickEs,
the divine message that had been de- and the altars, and the vessels of the
livered, and ventured to express his sanctuary. Hencewe observe that the
doubts. This was evidently an offense, position of Elizaphan was a very imland his being deaf and dumb until portant one, which he and tle lfamily
John was born was a chastisement for of the Kohathites retained in the wi1 -
his doubts. But the prediction of the derness. In Lev. x: 1, 2, we have anr
angel was fulfilled and John was born. a c c o u n t of the sin of Nadab and
On the eighth day after his birth the Abihu, the solns of Aaron, in offering
Levitical law was complied with. Eliz- strange fire unto the Lord, and their
abeth with  her husband being present punishment, viz: sudden death in the
to witness the sacred ceremony, and en- sanctuary. As soon as the vengeance
ter into a covenant with God and name of the Lord Ihad thus struck them cead
their child. Those that were present, Moses called Elizaphan, and MiishaJl
and engaged in the solemn service, sup- his brother, and bade them carry the
posed thlat the child was to be named dead bodies of the two fallen pries-ts
a-ter his father hence they calledl him  out from the sanctuary and without
Zacharias.  But Elizabeth  corrected the camp.
them in their mistake, for in all proba-   tn Ist Chron. xv: 1-10, we have ani
bility her husband had told her in writ- account of David preparing to bring
ing what the angel had said to him. the ark of God froumm  the house of
"'And his mother answered and said Obed-Edom to the tent that had been
not so; but he shall be called Johin.. provided for it. He miusters the Le —
They seemed to be astonished at the vites, and they saucti  fy ythemLselves and
namec and ventured some objections to p r e p a r e to bear  he ark upon their
it.  "There is none of thy kindred shoulers in accordclance weith the tcomcalled by this name."  But in order to mandment of Moses. Nulr. iv: 5-15.
satisfy themselves as to the name they Of the sons of Elizaphan there were
made signs to Zacharias what he would a b o u t two hundred engaged in this.
have hiilm called. And he asked for a important undertaking.
writing table and wrote saying,  "his
name is John. "' Thus they discovered ELIZAPHIAN, 2.
that Elizabeth was not mistaken.        Was the son of Parnach, of the
If the Virgin Mary was honored tribe of Zebulun, and was one of the
more than any other woman in being princes that assisted Joshlua, and Elethe mother of our Lord. Elizabeth azar in dividing the land of Canaan
was next to her in being the nmother of among the -tribes of Israel. Numbers
our Lord's forerunner, one of the great- xxxiv: 25.
est of men, and the "prophet of the
h i g hes t."  John  was not only a ELiZUBR-[E-li'-zur.]
prophet but "he was more than a   The son of Shedeur, was a man reprophet" according to our own Lord's nowned in the tribe of Reuben, and a
decltration.                         prince of that tribe. He was appointed
How long Elizabeth lived after the to assist Moses in numbering the tribes,
birth of John, we do not know, but it of Israel. Num. i: 5, and vii: 30.
is likely she died before John commenced his ministry, so that she wit- ELKANAH-I[Elka'nah,] God the
nessed not the sorrows that fell to the  jealous, the reed of God.
lot of her cousin Mary when Christ was   E L IK A N A 1- seems to have been a
crucified. No, nor the fulfilhl ent of the common name among the L evites,
expressed wish of Herodias, and the hence the name occurs several times




ELK                [158]             ELO
in the genealogy of Levi and Aaron, of Jehoiakim, and his residence was
as given in 1st Chron. vi. In the 25th in Jerusalem.  2d K ings xxiv: 8.
and 26th verses the name occurs, also He was probably an officer under the
in the presentation of the offices of king, his son-in-law.  When Jehoithe priests and Levites. But the akim sent to Egypt to bring back Urimost important personage inBible his — jah, the prophet, that he maight put
tory of this name was the son of Je- him to death, he placed Elnathan in
hoham, the husband of Hannah, and charge of the men that went on the
P  ninn ah, and the father of the errand. They found the prophet, and
prophet Samunel.  From 1st Sam. 1, brought him back, and took him into
we learn that Elkanah was an Ephra- the presence of the king, who slew
th i te, who devoutly worshiped the him with the sworcd, and had him
God of his fathers.  He was acnus- buried without honor in the graves
tomed to go early to Shiloh, where of the common people. J ere mia h
the ark of God was, to sacrifice, and xxvi: 22.
his wives attended him, to whom he   E I n a t h a n  s counted with the
gave a portion also to sacrifice unto princes of Jehoiakim, and it is quite
the Lord, and the children of Penin- likely he hac considerable influence
nah were also supplied by Elkanah, with the king. HEe used that influtheir father.  -le sympathized greatly ence at one time unsuccessfully. The
with H annah in the sorrows that king had determined to burn the roll
pressed her soul, as she earnestly pe- that had been prepared by Baruch,
titioned the Lord for a son, and vowed who was the scribe for the prophet
that the son, if given her, should be Jeremiah.  The prophecies had been
given unto the Lord all the days of publicly read, which declared that the
his life. The Lord heard her prayer, king of' Babylon should come and deand granted the petition.          stroy the land. Elnathan, with two
The next year when Elkanall went of the other princes, plead with the
up to sacrifice at Shiloh, Hannah re- king of Judah not to burn the roll
mained at home with the child Sam- containing the prophecies of J ereuel. He acquiesced fully in the esx- miah, " but he would not hear them."
pressed wish of the mother that she The above account is recorded in
imight remain at home until her child Jeremiah xxxvi.
was weaned, when he could be given
unto the Lord. It is likely he pro- ELON, 1- [E'-lon,] oak, grove,
vidled Hannah with the consecration   strong.
Offering, which consisted of a bullock   ELON was a son of Zebulon, hence
or heifer, of three years old, an ephah a grandson of Jacob. He is referred
of flour, andi a bottle of wine, and at- to in the summing up of Israel which
tended her when she presented Sam- occurred in the plains of Moab. Num.
nel to Eli the priest. He heard the xxvi: 26. I-ere Elon is called the
sentiment of his wife's prophetic song, father of the Elonites. This was one
and joined with her in adoring the of the three families composing the
God of his fathers. After the cere- tribe of Zebulon. The Sardites and
mony of presenting the child unto the the Jahleelites were the other two
Lord was all over, and the devotions families.
of the feast ended, Elkanah, with his
~wife Hannah, returned to Raemah.    ELON, 2-Oak, grove, strong.
Elk a nah, as well as Hannah, received the blessings of Eli, the priest,   Was a judge of Israel, and a defor the loan which they together lent scendant of Zebulon.  He succeeded
unto the Lord. After Samuel was Ibzan in the office of judge, and filled
thus left with the venerable Eli, three it for ten years.  During the time
sons and two daughters were b orn that he was judge as well as his two
unto Elkanah by Hannah.            predecessors, Jepthah and Ibzan, and
Abdon his successor, Israel had rest, a
ELNATHAN — [El-na'than,] G o d period of thirty-one years, but afterhas given.                     wards they corrupted themselves and
ELNATHAN was the son of Achbor,  were delivered into the hands and
and the father of Nehushta, the wife power of the Philistines.




ELO                 [1591               ENO
Elon having served his ten years, ing excluded forever for the high crime
died and was buried in Aijalon in the he had committed in the murder of his
country of Zebulon. Judges xii: 11, brother. This Enoch was the father of
12.                                  Irad, the grand-father of IMehujael,
and the great grand-father of MethuELPALET.                             sael.
ELPALET was one of the sons of
David born unto him  in Jerusalem. ENOCH, 2 —Dedicated, discip-lineld,
1st Chron. xiv: 5.                       woell regulated.
ENOCH was the son of Jared, and the
ELZAPI-IAN-[El'-za-fan.]             father of Methuselah.  Genesis v: 18,
ELZAPIAN with his brother Mi- &e. IHe was a great and good man,
shael was a son of Uzziel, the brother for it is said of him, "he walked with
of Amram, the father of Moses and God after he begat Methuselah three
Aaron. Ex. vi: 18. Hence Uzziel is hundred years, and begat sons and
called in Leviticus x: 4, the uncle of daughters.  His entire age was three
Aaron. When Nadab and Abihu the hundred and sixty five years, and it is
sons of Aaron offered strange fire unto furthermore said of him, he " walked
the Lord  and were suddenly des- with God and he was not, for God took
troyed, Moses called Elzaphan and him." H3 evidently formed a character
Mishael and bade them go and carry for serving God in early life, and he
the dead bodies of the fallen priests developed that character till the day of
with their clothing upon them, out of probation closed, and then went to
the sanctuary, and without their camp. heaven without, dying. Hie lived a holy
"So they went and carried them in life, walking with God in constant close
their coats out of the camp as Moses comnmunion. EHis faithfulness was rehad said."                           warded while he lived, "for he had tlhis
testimony, that he pleased God."
ELZABAD-[El'-za-bad.]                 In i-eb. xi: 5, it is said: "By faith
E L ZA BAD was a  descendant of Enoch was translated that he should
Obed-Edom, and one of the sacred not see death, and was not found beporters. 1st Chron. xxvi: 7.         cause God had translated him, for befbr, his translation he lhad this testiEMMOR-[Em'-mor,] am, ass.            mony, that he pleased God."
EMMORI  or Haulor, the father of  HIe prophesied regarding the judgShecham  who defiled  the daughter ment of the great day. WVe have his
of Jacob. Gen. xxxiv:2. Hle in com- prophecy referred to and recorded in
pany with his son was murdered by Jude 14 and 15.  "And Enoch also,
Simeon and Levi, who revenged their the seventh from Adam, prophesied of
sisters injury.                      these, saying: Behold the Lord cometlh
with ten thousand of his saints, to exeENAN.                                cute judgment upon all, and to convi nce
ENAN was of the tribe of Naphtali, all that are ungodly among them of all
and the father of the prince Ahira, their ungodly deeds which they have
who assisted Moses in numbering the ungodly committed, and of all their
tribes of Israel. Nuln. i: 15.       hard speeches which ungodly sinners
have spoken against him."  Enoch has
ENOCH, 1-[E'-nok,] dedicated, dis- sometimes been looked upon as a type
ciplined, well regzlated.        of Christ. Hle was dedicated, as his
ENOCIl was a son of Cain, after whose name imports, to God and to His sername his father called the city which vice, as was Christ.  He walked with
he built in the land of Nod. Gen. iv: God, was in constant fellowship and
17. As theimportofthoe name is "in- communion, as was Christ. But the
strutted, dedicated, initiated," it is most remarkable resemblance is this:
supposed that we hpave here in the nam- he entered heaven without corruption
ing of this child and in the building of of his body, and is the only person save
this city, an evidence of Cain's repent- Elijah, that has thus entered the heavance, for he appears to have dedicated enly world. There is the glorified huhis son to God that he might minister inanity of Enoch who represents the
in his stead in the sacred office, he be- Patriarchal age, of Elijah who repre



ENO                  160o]              EPi
sents the Prophetic age, and of Christ epistle from Rome to the Colossians.
the Christian age.                    P ronm Col. iv: 12 we learn that he was
with Paul when the epistle waswrittea
ENOSH, OR ENOS —[E/-nosh,] faled- and cent by Tychiculs and Oneslinus,
len smcan, subgzect to all hkinds of and the apostle ccrfttles to the interest
evil.                            Epaphras took in the church of the
LNOSIH, or ENos, was the son of Colossians, " l2oring fervently with
Sethi, and the father of Cainan. In you in prayers, that ye may stand perconnection with the announcement of feet and complete ii all  te will of
his birth, in Genesis, iv: 26, we have G-od."
the significant expression, "then began men to call upon the narme of the EPAPRL OPD T IS- [E1-paf-ro-di'Lord."  The marginal reading for the    tus, agreeable, hacndsome.
phrase, is:  "Then began men to call   EPAPI-ODITJUS, a noted preacher
theroselves by the name of the Lord." of the Christiaa faith, who lived and
The true servants of God began to labored at Philippi. From  Phil. ii:
distinguish themselves from  t h o s e 25, and iv: 18, we learn that he was
who were not the servants of God by sent by the cmrehu at Philippi with a
the title, "sons of God," while the supply of money andc puch other things
others were t.itled, "children of men." a'g they thought Paul needee to make
It is supposed that idolatry had its him comfortable during his imprisonoregin in the history of man just here. ment at Rome.  le is supposed to
Enosh is supposed to be one of those have brought on himself an indispothat erred in laying the ground-work sition vwhich threatened his lifb, by his
for the system of idolatry that has execunting with care and zeal the mtisdishonored God and disgraced hu- sion to whlic he was appointed. The
inanity.  The imnport of the nanme is, account of his sickness reached the
fa llen   n an,"  hich would seem to aI  uLr elh tt Philippi,  and they were.ndicat;e that lie was one of thho  that greatly concerned about him, as was
erred; and, beaore he cnded his days, Paul, who was, with him in his sickthe descen-dants of Seth, his father, ness. Paul wrote to the church as
pro aned the naume of the Lord by in- follows: "For indeed he Was sick
te rr4omrrying with tlec ofin3pring of Cain nigh Unto death: but God ha1d mnercy
who was cast off for the cruel murder on hii m, and not on him only, but on
of his brother. The offspring of Caain me also, lest I should have s o r  ow
were the children of men, and those upon sorrow."  Thus the apostle acof Seth  on of God.   en. vi: 1, 2. knowledges the merey of God botl to
Enosh lived nine hundred and five the Philippian church and to 1himself,
years, and he died. G-en. v: 11.     in raisin  up Epaphroditus from the
bed oI death. Having written t h e
EPAP I-RAS-   - [EpD'-a-fras,] covered epistle to that church he sent him back
with foamn.                      to therm as the bearer of the sam e.
EPAPi-TAS was a native of the city
of Colosse. Fromn the reference made EP gTA-, I — [E/fa.h,] wearj, to fly as
to hima in Col. i 7, we learn that Paul     a bir/d.
was strongly aittached to him. I-e cal]s   EpIiAwJ was the eldest son of Midian,
himi " Our dear fellow-servant and a and is- referred to in Gen. xxv: 4. The
fb itehfd minnister of Christ."  Re had descendants of Midian. and Ephah nrobboldiy declared the gospel in Colosse, ably settled in a country south-east of
and had been instrumental in the con- the Dead Sea; and they gave their
vers on of many sonls to Christ. When lnamoe to the cotrmry where they settled.
Paul was at BRole, Epaphras went to Their country abommded with camels
see him, and in his love for him iden- and dromedaries; and when the pi-otif-ed himself with him. He became phet Isaiah represents the ingathering
Paul's fellow-prisoner.              of the Gentiles to Christ, he refers to
It is thought while he was with Paul  thlis people. Isa. ix: 6: "CThe multihe henard that falsee teachers had cor- tude of camels shall cover thee; the
rupted and tro-fubled the C o I o s s ian dromedaries of Midian and Ephah, all
church, and he reported the same to they from Sheba shall come; they shall
the apostle, which led him to write this bring gold and incense," &c.




EPtH                 [1361]               EPH
P  THAH, 2 —weary, tofly as a bird.  this place.  Then Jacob bade- h i i
EPIrA-N was a secondary wife of Ca- bring them  near him  that he  iight
leb1, the son of Hezron; and she was bless them, and he did so.
the mother of Haranm, and  3oza, and   The dying patriarch kissecl them and
Gazez.  1st GCIron. ii: 46.  She was embraded them, and then addressing
probably the same as Ephrath, referred himself to Joseph he -aid:  "I had
to in 1st Chron. ii: 19, as the mother  not thought to see thy face: and o,
of lHur.                               God hath showed me thy children."
Ephraim was then presentel with MaEPEPER.                                nasseh to the dying Jacob for his
Was also a son of Midia, and is re- b Ie e s i n g, by Joseph the father.  As
fored  to in Gen. xxv: 4, as the second Ep1hrai  was the youngest, Joseph preson. I-Te is also referred to in the gen- sented him to Jacob in such a manmer
ealogy as given ln I At Chron. i: 33. It as that he could pilace his left hand on
is lno cer, ainly known what, cotuntry his his head, and his right hand on the
posterity peopled.  One historian says head of anoasselh, the eldest. Laying
he conquered Lybia and called it Afl- the hand on the head was a significant
rica, and that le was accompanied in act in ancient times.  It was ised as in
the expedition Tby Hercieis.           the present case, in giving blessings,
also in designating men to particular
EPHOD —[Efod,]                         offices, and in the consecr ation of Solemsacrifices. Jacob instead of placirg his
Was the father of  mLnniel, the right band upon the ]lead of L]anasseb.
prince of the tribe of ManasselL who aS Joseph thougbht he would, crosseed
assiste  in diliding the land. Num. his hands and placed them on the heads.
xxxiv: 23.                             of the lads.
This crossng of hl;s hands "witEPI-IRAPTI- [Erf'ra-im,] t hy t brings tingly," brought his right hand on the,
fort fruiit or grow s.             head of liphraim.  Josephl supposing
it to be a mistake, wia3L about to correct
Erm-rniN   was the youncer son of it. Ieo took hold of his father's right
Joseph, and the brother of  landasseb. hand to remove it-'om   Ephrain's head:
These two sons were born unto Joseph unto'ianasseh's head.  But J nac  b
in Egypt, before his father Jacob came gave Joseph to unnderstai  that he had:
down to see him, Genesi:s, xlviii: 5. not made a mistake. The mmatle of
And when Jacob called his sons to- prophecy was upon him, and lie saw'
gether to receive their father's blessing, that Elphrnaim's tribe was to bo the m11os
1i  clailmed the two branches t h a t numerous and powerful.  Genm, xlviii:
sprung from Joseph, viz: t:phrai-i and 19, "he also, shall become a people,
Manasseb, as his own children.  They and he also shall be great; but truly
were to be numbered in Israel as tReu- his younger brother shall be greater
Benr and Simneon were an i m b c r e d, than hle, and his seed shall become a.,
though any children that Joseph might multiitdce of nationq," which declarabe blessed with afterwards, vere to be tion of Jacob is fulfilled in the history
called by his own name, or counted his of Ephraim's descendants.
owa children.  Thlese two eons of Jo-   In Numlbers, xxvi: 35, we learn that
seph were adopted into Jacob's family,, Shuthelab, Beehier andt Tahan, were
anid were ever after to have a place eaclh heads of numerous families of
among his twelve sons, being entitled Ephraim.  IIe had several other sons.
to an equal interest in the ppinitual and who are n-ame-d in 1st Chronicles, v-ii:
temporal blessings of the covenant.    21. Four of his sons were krilled by the
A very interesting and significant cir- Philistines of Cmt-h, while they were'
euristance occurs in the apartment of trying to defend their herds of cattlet h e d ying Jacob.  As Joseph ap- from the robcers.  HoIw mlany of the
prroaches near to him with his two sons, families of these sons of Ephraila  were
Jacob's eyes we're din withl age, and thlus slain we do not know, but it is:
indeed the film of death was gatheming quite probable many of their children,
over his eye balls. He asiked Joseph, w e r c slava with them.  "Ephraim,
who are these?  -He arf.wers they are their Tfther, mourned many days, anmd
my sons whom God hath g-ven me in his brethren came to comfort himr,.
11




EPtH                [1621               EPE
No wonder he mourned this slaugh- them  with his sword and with his.
ter, for he was left by it almost child- bow. Genesis, xlviii: 22. Jacob, wsher
less.  But another son was given to dying, indicated that t'it piece of
hinm about this time whose name was ground should be in the inheritance
Beriah.  — l-e  ad also a daughter of Joseph's family; and probably
whose posterity was very numerous. Joshua had reference to J-itcoh's dyThey built the upper and nether ing language when he in.lluded it in
Bethhlorens, and b zzen Sherah.      Ephraim's inlEeifearLce.
When the chlldreen of Ephraim, or  -We have an account in Judges, i:
the tribe of the Ephramites, went out 22-29, of the Eh'nhrainites cnd Manasof Egypt in the exodus, they num- sites enlargieng their possessions bygoBered l:orty tho-unsand five hundred, ing up atginst Betlhel and conquering
and Elishia, tthe son oG Amrmihud, it, and so adding to their inheritance.
was their chief prince and captain.  DeTonr hr   a prophetess and a judge
Num. ii: 18, 19. When the sumn of of Yisrael, Was of the tribe of Epphraim
Israel was taken in the  plains of w hci- she went into war with Jabin,
ioab the Ephrrairtes  num balre        g kirgcf Ctunaan. It was thought thal
thirty-two thousand five hundrceed, so a body of Ephraimites were dcetached
that we discover a decrease  of eight l-crm tlhe army to attack the Ama1lek
tho-uqsnd -of this tribe in the wi;.de1- ites who were on teir way to j1oi
leSs. NIm. xxVi:i7. @AdLc it i, fur ISisera, the general of Jabin's army;
ther remarkable that there  w'as but and this may be what Deborah refers
one single r1an of' the trise, and beut to in her song. Judges, v: 14: " Out
two of all the tribes of Israel, that of Ei,)hlralni was there a root of them
3Uoses and Aanro  numbered in the,'agn"inem      elk"
census taken at S-inl i-Joshua, the   When Gideon defeated the vast
son of Nrua of i7fC tribe of  phimL, ar m 11sy of the east, on the plains of
an d Caleb, the son  of Jephlunnch. Moab, t;he Ephraimites complained
These two ien were of the spies, and and censured him because he did not
the only ones that brought back a call them to his assistance; but G-idifvnr'rable report to M3oses. Numbers, con pacified them  by referring them
xiii: 8; xiv: 38.                    to what they had done in slaying Oreb
T'he Ephraimites oeuapied an im- and Zeeb, princes of the Midianites.
poirtant position in the encampnl ent    When 3eopthah arose as a deliveemr
o-r the Israelites. Their position was in Israel hle invited the Ephraimites to
behind the tabernrcle.  In a miarch join him  and war with ArImon,  but
they followed a-ter the ark, with its they would not, and when Jept.hah had,sacred deposite?, borne, as it was, on conquered and was returning, the Ephth-e shoulder s of the priests; and in raimite, crossed the Jordan and taunled
thilr  circumnstance we nmay discover and abused his troops, and threatened
ilthle  ound-work for the expressions to do him personal injury. Provoked
of inspiration. -Psalzms, lxxx: 1, 2: by their abuse he h ell upon them and
" -ye earl, 0 Shqepherd of Israel, thou  put t heni ta flight, then took possession
that leadest joseph like a flock; thou of the passage of Jordan before theml
that, dwellest between the cherubim, and killed them as they attenmpted to
shine forth."  For their position as a cross. They were detected as Ephraimtribe, see Num. ii: 18-24; x: 21-24.   ites by pronouncing the word ShibThis tribe furnished a head, or a boleth, Sibboleth. There were fortyleader, of the Israelites after Iloses two ihousandof them that fell. Judges
died, in the person of Joshua, who xii: 6. After thisAbdon alnEphrathite
greatly distinguished himiself in the judged Israel.  xii: 13.
conquest, under God, of Canaan, and   Shiloh was in the tribe of Ephraim
settling the tribes, by lot, in their in- and the ark and tabernacle was there
heritance. Ie asigned the tribe of about three hundred and twenty years.
Ephramm their lot in the'very heart This tribe seemed to occupy an importofthe land. In their inheritance was ant position in the tribes of Israel.
the parcel of g r o u n d that Jacob When  David  was crowned, twenty
Bought of Hari o  which was after- thousand eight hundred attended and
ward t.akei from  him by the  AmoF- joined in the ceremonies. Ist Chroin
tes, but which  he wrested fro m  xii: 30.




EPH                [163]                ESA
Jeroboaml  who revolted from Reho- siderin6g that it was some great sin by
boam and Judah and led off the tribes the phrase aEbove.,of Israel was of the tribe of Ephraim,
and it is worthy of remark that nearly ERAN-[E'-ran.]
"II the Kings of Israel, which kingdom    ERAN was of the sons of Joseph
lasted two hundred and fifty-four years, in the tribe of Ephlraim, and the head
were of' the tribe of Ephraim, and of the family of th a t tribe called
Samaria the capitol of Israel, as also Eranites. Num1. xxvi: 36.
the royal city of Shhchem, was in the
inheritance of Ephraim. Indeed so irl- ERASTUS-[E-rastusJ] lovely, anviportant was the tribe of Ephraim that     ab le.
sometimes the whole ten tribes received   E P, A  T U s was a chamberlain or
its name.  As in I-osea ii: iv: v: vi. treasurer of the city of Corinth. He
In 2d Chron. xxv: 7. It is said " let not was a c on v e r t to christianity, and
the army of Israel go with thee, for the early became an attendant and confiLord is not with Israel, to-wit, with all dcent of St. Paul. He resigned tho:hie chlilldren of EpLhraim."        oilace of city treasurer at Corint, and
we n t with the apostle to Ephesus.
EPPHIRATFI — [Ef-rath,] abunzcance, Hie was sent in company with Timobeari.ng fruit.                  thy to Macedonia, by Paul, probably
EPIIHATI-I was the second wife of to prepare contributions for the poor
Caleb the son of H-ezron, and she is christians of Judea. Acts xix: 22.
brought to our view in 1st Chron. ii:  WVhen P'aul'wrote his epistle to the
19, as the mnother of IHur.  Bethle- Rnom ans, Era-stus was residing at
hem th  city of Rachel-the- birth- Corinth, and sends his salutation to
place of David and of Christ-is sup- the Roman clhristians. Romans xvi:
posed to be called Ephratah in honor 23.  And so afterwards,  Ihen Paul
of this woman..  wrote his epistle to Tinmothy, Erastus
still abode at Corinth. 2d Timothy,:EPHIIRON —[FE'fron,] dzst.          iv: 20.
It is thought by s.ome, that he was
EPI-PoN was a Hittite who gener- afterwards bishop of Miacedonia, for
ously offered Abraham  the field of several years, and that lie finally sufrT-achpelah with its cave for a burying fe r e cL martyrdom, for the cause of.place, that he might bury his beloved Christ at Philippi.
Sarah out of his sight and have a
family burying ground there. Abra- ERI.
hanm  wished to buy it, but Ephron   ErL w as one of the sons of -atd,
wished to give it to him, and could and is numbered with the family of
hardly be persuaded to take money in Jacob, who went down into Egypt.
lieu of it.  Ephron received for the Gen. xlvi: 16.
field and the cave which was in it,
"four hundred shekels of silver, cur- ESAR JIADDON-[E'sar hIad'don,]
rent money with the merchant." And        that. binds, joy, or closes the poi~nt.
the property thus bought by' Abraham    EsAr HAADDorN was the son and suewas secured unto him  by Ephron. cessor of Sennacherib, King of Assyria.
This is the earliest account we have I-le is referred to, and his ascension to
on record of the purchase of land. the throne, in Isa. xxxvii: 38. It is
Gen. xxiii.                          declared that Adrammelech and Sharezer, the sons of Sennacherib, smote
ER.                                  him with the sword while he was worER, with his brother Onan, sons of shiping in the house of his god, NisJudah and grandsons of Jacob, died roceh; after which they escaped into
in the land of Canaan. Gen. xlvi: 12. the land of Armenia. and Esar Haddon'The account of their death and the reigned in his stead. During his reign
sin tshat occasioned it is given in Gen. he carried Manasseh a prisoner to Babxxxviii. The sin of Er is not given, ylon, -the account of which is given in
but it is s,'lid he "was wicked in the 2d'Chron. xxxiii: 11: "Wherefore the
sight of'the Lordcl;" and the Lord Lord brought upon them the captains
-slew Mlr. We are justified in con- -of the host of the king of Assyria,




ESA                 [tG4:                ESA
which took  Maniasseh  among the He came home one day from a hunting
thorns, and bound him with fetters, excursion, wearied, hungry and faint,
and carried him  to Babylon."  Esar and he asked Jacob to give him a little
Haddon is referred to by' name- in Ezra, of his pottage. He agreed to do it, if
iv: 2.                                 Esau would yield the birth-right in his
It seems that the adversaries of Is- favor, and he did so, as is recorded in
rael, having heard. that the returned Gen. xxv: 24-34. Isaac then said to
Jews were building: the, temple, pro- Esau:'"Thy brother came with subposed to Zerubbabel to assist in the t!ety andchath taken away thy blessing."
work, declaring that since the dazys of But still lie plead with his father for a
Esar Haddon they were serving the blessing, andc Isa ac blessed himn, using
Gocd of Israel; but Zerubbabel and his the  olilowing language: " Behold thy
associate chiefs refused them.'dwelling shall be ~tLhe fatness' of the
earth, and' of the- dew of' heaven froom
ESAU —[E-saw,] he that does or fin- above, and by thy sword shalt thou
ishes.                            live and' shalt serve thy brother; and it
EsAu, or EDO3,. was the elder son of shalt come to pass when thou shalt have
Isaac and the twin brother of Jacob. the dominiion, that thou shalt break his
He was called Esau. because he was yoke frionl off thy neck. "
hairy.  Hle was probably called Edom    Esau was led by this act of Jacob
because his hair and his color were red.  suipplanting hi  to hate him, and in)
The account of his birth is given in lis lheart he determined to slay him..
Gen. xxv: 25.'When he grew up to PtelelIah, the    m       iother, was informed of
be a young man, lhe engaged mostly in Esau',n in ten tion to talke vengeance
hunting, and it was a common thing for on Jacob, she therefore' advised her Lehim to come in fronm his hunting excur- loved son to go to Hlarair and tarry
sions and supply his father with veni-:awhile until Ean.u's vnath was pacified.
son.  One. day Isaac bacde hint go and Under tlhe direction of' Isaac hIe accordprocure him somen  venison., tlen dress ingly went, thus leaving E-sau alone
it and prepare it for use, bring it to withi t7leo agecd' fther n. xxvii.
him, that he iight eat it of his hands.   Esan married two w o m e n of Caand bless hiim beforehe ldied. Ile went naan,  udc'ith the davuglter of Beri,,
out as he had often gone before, and the   itLtite, and Adah, or as she is
while hei was gone, JaCob under the in- s o m c te i ii e s called, Bs hemetlh, the
structions of his mnother,. killed. a kid. daughter o:h i Elan, the IHittite.  These'
She dressed it, making savory meaft, imarriages did not please his parents,.
such as Isaac loved. Jacob took it to for they were wichked women of anIsaac, and pretending himself to be other nation.  WFlhen Jacob was sent
Esau, received his father's blessing. away, his fathier charged hiim not to'
Jacob hhad but gone from the presence- take a wife of the' daughters of Caof Isaac, when Esau came in with sav- naan, but rather, go to his kindred in.
ory meat and presented it, asking him  Padan-aram.  Wihen Esam: found his'
to arise and eat of' it that his soul nmight zarriages w e r e  disagreeable to his
bless hini.  Isaac was astonished; for aged parents, he went ancd took wives'
he thought that Esau had just gone of the d&scendants of Abraham,
fromn him with the blessingg. The old tihrough Ishmael, Mlahalathi, the sister:
Patriarch' became agitated, and trem- of Nebajoth.  l-e also married Ahoblind exceedingly,. he said: "Who is libaluah, the dca ughter of Auah.
he that hlathl taken venison. and brought Gern. xxviii: 6-9 and xxxvi: 2.
it to me, and I have eaten of all before   After Jacob had been in Padanthou camest, and have blessed him? arai a-sbout twenty years,. he returned;
Yea, and he shall be blessed!"  Esau to his own country'with his -wives and.
hearcl the words of his fither with sor- children, and flocks and herds. He
row, and he criedc out in the bitterness  remenibered the. fury of Esau when
of his soul: " Bless me, even me also, hie left, and his threat to kill him,
O, my father."  It was a sad hour for and was afraid. In. order to appease
Esau, and he called to mind in all pro- the wrath  of Esau, he sent hini a
bability the circumstances that. occurred present. It may be when Esau left
not long before that, when he sold his Mt. Seir with his four hundred armed
birth-right for a muess of red pottage. men to meet Jacob, he intended to in



ESA                 [165]                EST
jure him. If so, he lost the disposi- murdered by two-of his servants.  See
tion before they met, for all hls feel- 2d Sam. ii,and iv. In the account of
ings developed were k in d feelings. the posterity of Benjamin, given in 1st
Jacob made hlim the present, but he. Chron. viii: 33, we have this name
was disposed to -decline it, baecause he given to Ish-bosheth.  [See Ish-boshbad enouggh; but he was finally in- oth.]
duced to atcelpt. it. I-oe taenl invited
Jacob to _Mt..Ser, ai nd proposed to ES-TBAhN.
conduct him, but as Jaeob expressed a   Was the son of Dis hon and the
wish that he should go on, and let" grandson of Anah.  Gen. xxxvi: 26.'his party take their tim e, he returned to his house.  Whatever dif- ESLOMi —[Es'/om,] -the dart of joy,
ferenee there was between them, was        division, of the song.
mnade up, and the two together attended their father in his last hours,   See Ezrolzl or Hezrom.:and united in -affectionately ulacing
his remains in thea caveof T'aclhpelah. ESTHER -[Es/-ter,] -secret, hidden.
CG c  e n       x xi s xxiii: xxxv: -and   ESTHER was the cousin of Morcl-.xxx:vi: 6.c6i,  being the d'auglter of his unce,
Esia  ha1 d fie eeons, Eliphaz, Ieel, but she w.as an orphain -nd he adopted
Jeush, Jaalain   and Korcah1l, and some her cas his own daughter.  She was
~of them ilrd a very numerous poster- young, tbu very beautiful. And when
ity.  They were aeltogether c a 11  o d   Tashti, the queen of Ahasuerus dared
Edolnit;es. A- c maysunppose from the to disobey the king, thle crown was
acconlsta given of them in'Gen. xssvi: taken from her, and preparations awere
when Esau's family in Camtan is rep- made to give her royal estate to anresentoed  tha.t thcy ewere a strong and other.  The fiair young virgins were:powerieul nation, while the Israelites collected together at Shlushan —and as
were in bondage in [Egypt.            Esther's kindred iwas not known,   or
WTe have vamious,fccounts of the heor-relation to rlordecai tlle.JewkiFas aind d nke -of the LRdoumites, in c lhe was numbered amuong the fair vir
Deuteroiomny ii; ist Chion'icles i: 35- gills and placed in the chargeo of the
34. An1d in the cldays of tie reign of keeper of -women, that the kinlg imght.the kings.orf Judahc and  israel, there see the complany, and choose firom
were eighteen troucsand of tlhen slain among them   one to take the place
by ]avid's genera c ls  in the valley of of the queen Yashti who ha.d been ex-.Salt. Wei erad of thoem  i  the'days pelled the royal palace. Esther found
-of Solomon be;ing governed by depu- Ifvor with the king, and she of all t ie
ties under the king -of JudcJi. They fair young virgins was selected by
helped  jehos.Ihaphath  and J c I o r a in hiim.
agaminst t n  Moabites, and again they   Thouegh  she was a Jewess the faet
joined the 3Ion bites as.d  Atonunites wlas not Tknown, "for she had not
aga.inst Jeohshaphat, but they were shown her people and her kindred."
alierwardcs  destroyed ingre t number s 3tordeei had charged her tlat she
by their a'lies. 2d Sazz. viii: 14; 1st should not show it.  The king was so
1ings, xi: 1z25~ and xxi: 47;  d- charnimed with her bheauty that he made
Kiegs ii.                             no enquiry as to her family.  She
The Edlo-nmites beacame  lZand con- gained upon his feelings nimore and
tinued inveterate enemies of the Jews more, until he loved her above all the
and hence enemies to the church of women; and advanced her to the highGodl. Christ is represented in isaiah est honor, that of wearing the royal
sxiii: 1-3, in th1 following language: crown and being nistress of all the
"Who is this that co-meth i'rom' Edom, rest.
with dyed garments fromni ozrah1, &c."   Shortly  after Esther's pro motion,
through the influence of hanian, the
ESHBJAAL —[Esh-ba'al,] the fire of Jews were  brought into imminent
the idol.                         peril —aman   hadcl plotted their desEsR-BAAL is the same as Ish-bosheth, ]Jruction, and had so far succeeded that
-the son andcl successor of Saul, made a he had procured the royal decree for
king by Abner, the son of Nor, and their extermlination.  Mordecai the




EST                 [16s1                 EST
relative of queen Esther, knew of the ing, and attiring herself in royal apdecree and to whom  it was attribu- parel she approached the court where.
table.  He  therefore  besought the the king was, and as shle stood in thc
queen to use her influence to deliver attitude of one desiring, an interview
her people.  The feelings of MIorde- 4with the king, he saw her.  There she
cai were intense, and he devseloped stood unveiled.  The, king, it may be,
theIm  by lamentations and cries, fast- called to mind the law she was violainga' and  sackcloth.   Ioe made the ting, and for a Pmoment was angry at
whole matter known unto Esther and her approach.  I-He was jealous Iobr his.
besought her to make a request before honor as the Persian BMonarch, an1,ld foor
the king for her people.  She was this law that eame so near deifying an
deeply affected at the perilous condi- earthly king, and was about to expel
tilon of th.e Jews, but knew not what I her fromn the court and declare her
to do. She sent her cousixn word that place vacant as queen,  when he saw
she had not had an interview with the her terror and ala.rm, (for it is said she
king for thirty days-and that accord- was so frightened that she: ftainted.)
ing to the law she would risk her- life His sympathies were arouseed, the fire
if she went unto the king, uncalled.  of his affection for: hrei was kindled
HI-e received her answer, and no doubt afreshh  and touched wmith tenderness
appreciated the difficulty; but feeling he descended. from his throne: and in
that his case and that of his country- the most endearlng. manner took her
moen was desperate, he sent her back a up. in hLs arms, allayed her fears, then
solemn, searching charge, Est. iv: 14: held out to her' the golden sceptre andc
" If thou altogether holcdest thy peace she tLouched it. May we not suppose
at this time, then shall there enlarge- thati the king in his tenderness  laid
moe n t a n d deliverance arise. to the the golden sceptre upon her neck, that
Jews from another place,, biut thou and upon her recoversy fronf the swOOnt inthy father's house shall be destroyed: to which she had fallen, ihe  eyes as
and who knoweth whether thou. art they we-re opened might rest upon it,
come to the kingdo-mn for such a tinme  cand heril  heart be at once conlfolted i-e
as this?"                             the Inowledlge' of the fact thlat she hacl
WVe are now to look upon Esther a's sec ured favor and the way was opena
she perils her life for the safety of the for her req nest in behalf of aer peoJews. She resolved on  attempting- ple.  As soon as she had retur-ned te
their deliverance, even though in that consiousnes-es she saw the sceptre and
atteimpt she might fail, and sacrifice t o u  h e cld it.  Then the voice of the
her own  life. Esther sent word to ling' fell upon her ear expressing hii
Mordecai to gather- the Jews togetler x iforiveness and an acknowledguient of
at Shushan ifor a fast of three days,. her station as queenl.  "W     a t w i 1 t
and she promised him, that she and t h o u, Queen Esther?  What is thy
her maids would fast.  She thus en- request?"  S- he  rust have felt that
tered into an agreement with them  to the kingf was condescending' to adctdress
humble thienselsves in supplication to her withl such expressions as thesea
God, for his imercy and for prosperity- She could hardly have supposed that
in  her perilous undertaking.  She she had so won upon him that he wouldl
agreed to go in unto the king' and make the magnanimous offer to her of
make her request, and said she, "IfI  meeting' her wishes, whatever the rerish, I pish,  perish."  If I lose omylife in quest might be, even though it shouldC
the attemlpt to save my people, I shall equally divide  his glory as a king. "It
lose it cheerfllly.  What magnanimity shall be given thee, even to the half
and true: nobleness. HI-ere is a woman of my kingdlom."
risking' station, honor, a crown and   Now we observe a movement on the
even life itself, ta save a periled peo- part of Esther in making her request
ple. Feeling that it was her duty, she known to the king, that at first sight
humbled herself before God, implored we can hardly understand.  Why did
his help, and entered upon the task of she not at once declare' to the king her
bringing Haman down, and lifting-her errand? Why not unburden her heart
oppressed and periled people up.       without delay to him whose heart had
On the third day of the fast she felt been so wonderfully opened?  It may
herself flly readly for the underta- he she thought that by her gra.eefulness




EST                 [167]                EST
and winning smiles at a banquet of decai. The king sent for Haman, and
wine, she could win still more upon when he arrived they started for the
him, and so increase the probabilities queen's apartment. Their arrival was
of success.  She asked the king that announced  to her, and she received
he and Itmanl might come to a ban- them  with all the gracefulness due to
quet of wine she had prepared.  The their positions, and the banquet comking agreed to it, and left his throne, mienced.  Tile king was anxious to
and in company with Haman attended. know her request, and asked her,
Knowing that she had a request to "'What is thy request, and it -shall be
make, lie asked her at the banquet, performed, ec-en to the half of my kIing-'What is thy request?  Tell it me and dolam."
it shall be granted.'"  Esther saw that   The timle had now come for her to
she was gaining on the king's affections declare her wivihes, and; in answer to
more and more; but yet she was not iis queStionl, with1 qJ tr ue woman's
iflly satisfied that the time had come heart, and in such languagee as none
for her openly to declare her kindred, but a true woman cousd use, she said:
and put in her plea for her people. "  i I hasve found  iavor in t hy sighit,
Shi  stood before the Iking and re- 0 Kin, and if it plecas the  -inig, let
quested that ie and Hilannn should smy liih  be givenC  me at my petition,
cotno to a banquet that she would pro- and my people at  iy reqlueu)t; for we
pale on the morrow, when she woul0  d are solI, I and my people, to be def:ully mnake known her request.  The stroyed  to be slan, and to perish.
kin.- agreed to it, and lamauln was lifted  Bu 3 1 i' we hadCi ben sold for bondodmen
u pL) witll pride at the high honor con- anlld b o n d rT o ml e n, [ lad cheld 2 l
fosred upon him; and that nighlt in his tlongue, although the enemy coucld not
oTWn  Ioc   hse L1pa.k  of his glory and coun'teva' I;leC Kin"'s dclamage.
hi, weall — of his position in the gov-   Th's address astonishedc the  ing,
ernmllent, and the hlonor of being invited  iand, iin a hi1h  stater of feeling, b;e
to Queen Estbher's banquet on the imor- asked:  Who is be? and where is he
row Ali. A     little did lie think that l   a-ti     durst 1lresrtlne in his h ea rt to do
Queen Esther's plea on the imorrow  so?  1s it ]pOssible, he continues, that
would conldemn Iim, and that in less ti.he ueen, whom I ot tenderly love,
thiian twenty-four hours he would be is thisus in  i-eril —t. ha her lil', so )ear
publiely executed by the order of the to use, i: -is danger?
k11n.o                                  Esther,  having thus presented her
While Queen Es]scer was preparing caure, and seeing  that the king wi a
f:or thle banquet, and nerving herself for cleeply enlioted ior her and those for
the task of the colnineg day, God in hIis wuhom  she ple'~d, said'  "The aclverprovridence was preparing to fvor her sa-sy ansd enemy is this wicked Ha-!bY) pomi'ot;ing  her kinsman Mordecai to iian," pointing with ler d e I i c a t e
honor.                                 linger to Hamnsan, wihso sat near there.
The time had come when the ban- The ling arose and loolked upon Haquet was prepared, and the king and iman with anger; then walkecd out into
Hatnan were being expected. There sat t1e garden. And while the kin:g was
the queen in her apartment awaiting the absenrt from  the apartment,  Haman
arrival of her distingl-ished guests, and arose and stood be0ore Queen Esther,
wondering that they did inot come. She in great agitation, to plead for his liie,
had msade up her plea in an ingenious for he saw that the king was alngoy,
snanuner, and was ready, as soon as the and that his life was in danCier. BL t
opportunity afforded, to make it known; Esther dclred not exercise merey to
but the guests caime not. How strange one so wicked and cruel as, he wasit is, thought Esther. What can be whose fall God, in his providence, was
the occasion of this lack of' promnptness? bringing about. S~he heard the words
Why do they tarry?  Ah! there was a of the king pronounced in sentence
reason for it. Haman was the cause of of death upon Hamaln, and rejoiced
the delay. He was at home with his that this enemy of her nation was
ffamily, with dreadful forebodings of condenmined.
coming ill. lie was filled with rortifi-   WhAqen Es.ther saw-that Haman was,
cation at the humbling process through dead, and that her life and the life of'
which he had passed in honoring Mor- her cousin was no longer in danger,




EST                 [168]                EUN
she again besought the king in behalf ETIHINAN-[Eth'-nan.]
of' the Jews, against wlomi a decree   Hie wias one of the sons of Helah
had gone forth.  She plead that the thle wife of Ashan. 1st Chron. iv: 7.
Qdeision rmight be reversed —virtually
at least. Thouglh the law coul d not ETI-IN I — [E th"'-ni.]
ole revoked by a succeeding edict, or   A GCershonite. Levite, referred to in
repea'led, yet she asked that one of a 1st Chron. vi: 41.
shnilar charecter for the Jews, agaffinst
the Per"anl, might ble enacted and EUBULUS- [U-bu/-lus,] a prcdcen t
sesleci with the royal signet.              cocunselorf.
The klin  grantted  er request, and   A  Chr;-stiMn a-t Rome, referred to
the decree weant forthi gving the Jews by Paul in 2cd Tim. iv: 21.
autjhority to slay the1r enemies;  as
their  nenrlies had authority to slay EUNI E — [U-ni'-se,] good victory.
them.  Thus Esther succeeded in her   ETuNiICE was the mother of TimLonoble work, and comfortecl the hearts thy, whom  St. Paul calls his son in
of all the Jews.                       the gospel.  She w a s a Jewess by
Upon this deliverance through the birth, but married to a Greek.  Acts,
influence of Esther, the Jews formed xvi: 1:  " Then camne hie to Derbe
one of their annual feasts, called Pit- and Lystra; and behold a certain disrim,, or the,feeSt of lots.            ciple was there, named  Tinotheus,
In view of the interesting and thrill- the son of a certain womnana, which
ing scenes narrated —t he sacrifice and was a Jewess, and believed; but his
devotionl of Esthler to the interests of ft;her was a  -reelk."
her people-tile Jews to the present   Eunice aild her son Timothy had
day consider her one of their greatest been  conve rted to  Ch r i s t i a n i t y
benefactors.                            through the instruvlentality of some
of the early ministers; for when Paul
ETH-AN. 1 —-E'-than] strong, the grft became acquaintec  with them  they
of th7e Islatnd.                   were considerably experienced in
Was a son of Zerah, and the grand- grace anid   lhristian virtues.  They
~son of Judah.  I-e is referred to in 1st were "well reported of by the brethChron. ii: 6.                           ren which were at Lystra and Tcounui."  Froili this we may learn that
ETHAN, 2-Strong, the gift of the their reputation as Christians was unIscladct.                          blenmished; and as devoted memibers
Was the son of Ki`hi, and a discend- of the church the apostle was made
ant of  ierari.  I-Te is supposed to be acquainted with them.  As a Christhe author of the eiohty-ninth Psalm, tian mlother, she taught her son the
and it is thought penned the Psalm  on ways of religion, and gave himin a praethe occasion of the revolt of the ten tical insight into the principles of
tribes under Jeroboaim.  This Ethn11 Cihristianlity in her own life. She said
was a wise manl, and as such is irefrred to her son, Follow  me, as I follow
to in 1st Kings iv: 31.  The wisdom  Christ; and her instructions and exo-f Solomon is conlrped Ito tire vwisdoli aniple were not lost upon hil, as is
of Ethan, and Solo, on is said to be the evident from the position he attained
wisest of the t-wo. Ethan iq thou.ght in the church of God, and from  the
to be the same as Jeduthun who i 1re- testirnony of the great apostle Paul,
ferred to in I st Chrlon. xxv:  -17~ and who wrote epistles to him.
was the father of severa'l sons;lo   Eunice taught her son to read the
-were temple singetrs. ThiS  ecT U'ilauIl H oly Scriptuires;  and Paul, xvhen rewas thle tiltlr of' several Psalms, xxiX  ferring  to Timothy's education, says:
-and xlii, &c.                          " Froiom a child thou hkast known the
Holhy Scriptures, which are able to
ETI-PnAAL-[Eth-bia' -al, tocward t7oL miake thee wise unto Salvation through
idol, /le that J.ules.             faith, which is in Christ Jesus."
Was iino of he Zidonians and lihe   But Paul gives his testimony to the
~was- tile father otf Jecbel, tIe wife of pie-ty anldcl devotion of Eunice in the
Ahab, Kinig  of  Tsrael.  hst Kings, f'lomaowng language, writing to Tinioxw'vi  31.                              thy:'I'Vhe1n i cll to rcmembrance




EUN                  [169]               EVE
the unfeigned faith that is in thee, but we suppose only a short time.
which dwelt first in thy gr'andmother  God looked upon man as he s to o d
Lois, and thy lother Eunice.          erect in Eden bearing' lis inage, and
The teachings and example of this pronounced him good, as he had deChristian woman had a salutary effect clated the other work of the creation.
upon the mind and heart of lher son, Adami masy lhave been alone for a few
and helped to prepare him  for his hours, enjoying the refreshing and inhigh and holy work.                    vigora-ting air of Elen, and beholding
the beauties and excellencies of the
EUODIAS-[U-o' -di-as,] sweet scent. new forymed world, and 1moving about
EUODISs was a pious wolmanI, whh I) among the newly created a n  i n a 1 s,
was probably a deaconess of the church  when the Great Creator said,  It is
at Philippi.  She is llentione(l by the not good for manl that h  be  alone —I
apostle inl his eisi;le to the church at will make him an helmneet for0 him,
that place. The reference is Phil. iv: and this seems to imply, that the weO2. Euodias had somne doCerinal differ- man was to be an equal of the main.
ence with Synttyace, wthich accounts fbr She was not to be his inferior,   nor his
the exhortation, "be of the same mind superior.
in the Lord."  ISbh  may lhalve been the   It wis while Ad'cll. was sleeping,
wife of himi, v-who in the next verse is prob]ably the first time he ever isliptl
called a "ttrue yoks fellow," and who after his creation, that God ilbroied
is entreated to " help these womuen.    Eve, his pat`Unrei, na wnd e are to observe a di-ierenC e betveen the epeaEUTI YCHUS — [U -ti-kus,] hcpy,u tion of the  laon ansd thle womn1; nand
fortunacte.                        btween the cibrnatiLo  of her body,
We hase  an account of this person in and thlit of every other being God
Acts, xxr  9-12]. T-e  lived at Iroas, |ha.d made.    In G-&n. i: 24, it s said,
where Paul with hi.tl travelling cornpsan-  lAnd God sacd let thC earth bi; 1ng
ions tarried seven days. On the Sab- fo 3ti   h i 11 e living creature after his
bath day hle celebrate d the Lord's Sup- kind, cattle, ancl creeping thing, and
per with  the (lisciples there, and lbeast of earcth -lter his kind."  Alnd
preached to theil a lengtly serimon.  It in Genesis,  ii: 19, it is scid, "A n d
is said he " continued his speech until out of the ground  Lthe L o r d G o d
midnight."  The roo1  they occupied formeci  every beast of the field, and
was probably crowded, and Eutychlus every fowl ofI the a irand bhrought them
sat in the window. Dmsin   the lserm on unto Adam."  Alnd whoen the body
lie fell asleep, and losing his balance as of Adams was forimed, i t wavs made of
a sleeping man is likely to d(o, Le fell the dust of tle ground, "And the
froml the wi-tdow outside.  It was the Lord Goi   fosmed d man of the cidust of
third story of thle house they were oc- c   the g r ounl d, and breathed into Lhis
eu;iisng, eand the youn?: man was klled.  nostrils the breath of ltie, anud lhe be-'iHe was taken up cead.    Tile  i cc   I cal's a living soul.  But when wo0man,
cumstance crcated atla:n anal deep  in-  was to be ifrled,  "The Lord G-od
terest thloughout; t, e congregation. caused a  deep sleiep to fall upoil Adam
Paul went down and  tooek the youn'ng a1nd he  1e)pt; an li he took one of his
man up in hiis arns, told the alarmlecd ribs, and closed up the flesh instead
friends not to be troubled, for his life thereof: and the rib which the Lord
was in hin. Paul continued on in wor- Godl had taken from cimaln imade He a
slip with tbhem all night until the break w o ius a n, and brought her unto the
of day, but he left the young ilan Eu- mlan."
tychus alive, and his friends coniforted,   As Adan awolke from the deep sleep
by his being thus raised friom the dead. that had fal len  lpon him, lie fixed his
eyes upon this resemblance-of himself,
YE —Lfivizt/, eEUIcltvivng.          and readily pe r c e iv e d in the new
EVE was the helpmlate of Adamn, formed creature, a comnpanion  pr oand the Inother of the humnan faisnijy. vided for himul. But lie seeined to unThe man was for;med first, and then derstand how nearly that personage
the woman. How imuch tisie elapsed was allied to himn. He felt the ties
fions the creation of Adam, to the for- of new formled nature, and the elmation of Eve, vwe are not informed, dearment of relationship, and he said,




EVE                  [1701               EVE'This is now bone of mny bone, and pie that t1he enemy succeeded in plantflesh of my flesh.  She shall be called  ing in her heart was pride-the sin
woman, because she was taken out of that led to the fial of the angels.  he
man."  Adam  claimed her a s hi s corn- credited the temlpter, dersired to gratify
panion, and He who had created them  the appe"ite that- hlad been createdc iri
bo-h, joined themi together as hushand  her by eating the fruit.  It appeared
and wife, and the strength of that to be good,'or "it was pleasa.n-t to the
endeaiaing relation wms felt undcler the  yes y   b;ue another incentive wvas
announcemeent for the first tiIme to " and a tree desired to lake one wise.'
tfie ear oand heart o main. " There- Her1e1  was a dcvel opment of what the
fore shall   main leave hits father and apostle calls "t e dcesires of the flesh,
his 1mother, and shall cleave unto his the lusts of the eye and  the prilde of
wi efe  adn1  they twain shall be one lie. "  Eve too"` or the -nirit thereorf.
flesh.l                                Ad aam mace h1msel a party in the
God our Creator thus instituted the transgression by f. iling to administer
riLe of raar iage   I y joinig AdamL and reproof, and by following her in eatEve, husba-nd and wile in the gardon in. i "'Sh  took of the fruit thereof
oi Llcn. Thlu  nnited, they traveled ini  chd c dit, nd give also uno her
the pathway of 1i-e, haring cach oth- 11sh ub a nd with'  he- anu d lie did eLat."
ers woes can'd bear"l'g ceach others bur- Soml e arc disposed to blame Eve inuch
deTns  as iwell pas p Lartakig of e a c hi more than Adcnam  for listening to the
others joys. The;r lives, as- the lives |vo co of the tenipter, takiuz of the fruit
o- a11 their progeny, wfas a iixed cup. anld cxercising her influence over her
They sinneed, a-ld as a consequence bhusband to lcad hin also to transgreswe e g brought  to or0   oy.  How Iong sionI. But if hIe fL v0ore l her vio at ion,
EBe remain ed innocen- and -appy, we  and without any hesitatio'n took the
do notI -now, only that her time in the f i'uit from her hand and did eat., who
innocent state was a little shorter th Iha n  urcely ay t;hat he would not have
was that of her colnpamnion. She was  yielded to the tempter earlier, even,
not creaoted until  ater Adacla  c o n - than did Eve, for sle dlid venture obmelnced thle enjoyments of life, and slhe jeetions whien talking with th e s e r -
was flrst in the tdransgressionlhence pent., but so far as we know he made
first to feel and endure the effects of n o n e, but readily took the fruit and
the transigression.                   did eat.
Tlhey were eqoually happy in their   They botih reeale iummediately affirst st-ate, and cqually under obliga- ter the act, that they had fallen; they
t;ons to i eep the ia w t-hat had beenn felt the dark poll o- iniquity shroudgvoten them. And vwhen t'he tempter ing leier rnoral  nature.  But their sin
Poiroahed  Etve and referred her to is to be breuglht  home to them, and
thfe delic:ous fruit on the tree in the God calls them  to ian account. Adam,
Imndst of the garden, she said: "We at the trial, attached blame to Evemay eat of the fruit of the trees of the and Eve charged'he serpent with the
gardeni  but of the fruit of the tree  caurse On her actiion.  "The serpent
which   is i  the midst of the garden, beguiled mec and I did eat."   The
GCod hath said ye shall not eat of it Lord God pronounced a curse upon
ne.ither shall ye touch it lest ye die."' the serpent, but as he looked upon the
I-lere we observe that Eve c o u p 1 e s guilty pair,'and the numerous progeny
Ierself with Adam,  ackknowledges the that would spring front the m, he had
obligation upon tihenm both alike. She c o in p a s   io    u pon themu, and he
knows herself to be under the great coupled with the curse of tthe serpent
law of love wilth Adai, and bound to the promise of a Redeemern ror mlan,
obey the law regarding the forbidden " And I will put enmity between thee
fruit.                                and the woman, and between thy seed
Put under the telnmpttion presented and her seedl, it shall bruise thy head,
by the enenmy, she yielded.  The ser- and thou shalt bruise his heel."
pent said unto her, "ye shall not surely   How much comapassion is to be seen
die.  For God doth knowv that in the in the divine procedure here.  The
day ye eatthereof, then your eyes shall womnan was to be cursed, but belore
be opened, and ye shall be as gods, the announcement of that curse, the
knowing good and evil."  The princi- promise is made her of a Savior. It




1EYVL                [171]]               EZE
is not made directly to Adam —cGod is is dead, and, wvorse than all, her eldest
talking wi;th the wonan, and for -the son has killed him.  Oh, wihat' a trial
woman, while declaringl thlecurse upon must this have been upon 1the first
the serpent. We mlay suppose s h e omother of our  race!
was thus strengthened to enduyre  le After this Eve bare anotlher son,
curse that fell upon her.  "I will and by a direct  divine conmunica-eion
greatly multiply thy sorrow?nd thy she learned thcat it was a son itie-a WaS
coneeption, in sorrow thou shalt bring  to take the place  of her murder-ed
forth children, -and thy desire shiall be Abel, in the line of 3Messiah or the
to thly husband, and'he shall rule over promised Bedeeemer.  The progeny of
thee."   Heere we may o b a e r v e a Setlh continued in the person of Neoah
change in the position of the woman,  and his fanily.  -low long Eve tived
she wa's n   lonager  to be the qccal in we do not know, 3but is is Cuite likely
all the respects she 1-ad been boeiore she died 1on' t before Adam  closeIed h-1s
of Admna. IWe suppose she had as moral  career, and went to join the
much right to rule as Adam, but now  spyrit of hTer much loved Abel in the
she is to be riled —subjection to the pure- climne of bliss.
wi1ll of her husband, is a part of the
curse pronounend upon her, i   and le EVIFL  3M,ODAC~H -  [E'-v l. Mfeshall rule over thl.;'  Adam  hieard       ro/dak,] the fool of l1fe.rvcch,
the words of the curse pronounnced         d7essiIzg Zthe bitternr.ess cf the fCool.
upon Eve, and froml it he learned that
she was to e the t other of a niumer-   Was tohe son of Nebuchadnezzar, ansd
outs progeny —  and that from her was Piis iuCessor on the throno of tabylon.
to come'a tedeeinor,   " the bruiser of He was the father of Belshazzar, who
th  e  r pe rnt's  head."  With thli  was thle reining monarch when the
knowledge that haad been imiparted Babylonian dynasty closed, anrd the city
unto Ino lle " cauled his wifie's nanie was taken by eCyrus.  i-He is referrld to
Eve, because she was the miothier of in Jeremiahl lii: 31, as ascending  thle
all living." After thie two vere driven -throne of Babylon and showing kindfrom-i the garden of Eden as the vic- ness to the captive Kicng of Judah,
tims of gried, a nd  the laves of pas- Jehoia1,kin1.
sion  they lived together as happily   It is thougt-ht that Evil MZerodach
as possible in their  allen state.  it gSoverned the Eimpire as p-~roxy for his
was not long until Eve was blessed (lther, during his menal imnbecility or
witlh children; CJin and Abel were niadness.  F-is reign as the kin.o of
born.  When she looked upon her Babylon, was short and rather nainlfirst-born she thought of the prom- portant.  The generally received imise-d seed, and probably said in her pression regarding this king is, that he
hCeart thius is he who is to bruise the was a very weak man.
serpent's head.  We may imagine the
inlterest with which, as the first mo- EZBAI —[Ez'-ba-i.]
ther, she rnimistered to her two chil-   Was the father of INaarai,  who was
dren —watelhed them  as they passed one of David's mighty warriors.  1st
froni infancy to later childhood and Chron. xi: 37.
to youth, and then to early manhood.
She felt the satisfaction and mLaternal EZON, 1-[Ez'-bon.]'
pride that mnothers have felt in all   Was of the tribe of G-ad, and founder
ages, when looking at their sons —sue- of one of the Gadite families.  Gen.
ceeding in life and promising good for xlvi: 16.
the future.  She acquiesced in the
choice they had each made of employ- EZBON, 2.
nment.  But one day the sad intelli-   Was a son of Bela, the son of Beng e n e e reached her that Cain had jamin, and is referred to in 1st Chron.
killed his brother Abel.  Though she vii: 7.
had never seen a human form wrapped
in death's cold embrace, yet she had EZEKIEL-[E-ze/-ki-el,] cthe strengti
an idea of its meaning, and the intel-     of God.
ligence was like a d a g ger to her   EZETIEL was the son of Buzi, a
heart. Her devoted, affectionate Abel prophet and priest. He was carried cap



EZE                  L172]                 EZR
five to Baibylon with Joehoiakim, king EZRA-A hdper.
of Jucb-h, and in the fifth year of his   EzR.A was the son of Seraith, who
captivity, was engaged in prophesying. was of the saeerdotal line.  He was a'Ezekiel, i: 2.  e- prophesied among direct descendant fiom Aaron, and, as
the captives by the river Chebar, in the we learn in the book that bears his
land of  ttle Chkldeans.               name, vii: 1, "a realy scribe in the
Ezekiel was favored with some of law of his God."  Ezra was sent fromn
the most sublile visions that are re-:Babylon into Judea by King Artaxerxes
corded in the sacred book.  As such, is during the seventh year of his reign,
his vision of the "chlriot of God,"  and he was the bearer of letters from
I st chapter; "' ision othe valley of dry that king, and a commission to correct
bones,,Sxvii;  " v ision of holy wa- errors in the church and state of the
to1e,"  x vii.  Under the inspiration Jews.  We have an interesting account
of tle Holy Ghst, hegives graphic de- of his enlreasy, and of his filling it, and
scriptions, and uses the str-ongest "anLd of the cffect it hbacl upon the vews in
mlost nrionuls languaige.  Hia dolerip- the last four  cbhaters of Ezra.  The
tions are oiten wroight lup to a holy Ce- first six chaupters giv-  an acOIunt of the
erlTry -and possess'ia daCrinugf lrandceur. edict of Cyris,aSlo cf the return of the
Tiere never hIave beni revleatione sanmde Jews under Zer-btaibel, and their reto inotal tIin, exccooie' in sublimity,  stablishmtent in thenir land with the rethose  ilde to Eze-icl.  And "meoil,,- bulldding of the temple at Jerusalemi,
all the ploop h1e ts,  none were  nore bold andc its soleomnl  dedication to the service
and rapitulrous,                         of God.
I-e predictled the overthrow Cof Jeu-   It is thiought with some  degree of
salem  by hNebuchadnezzar.  Though probUalility, that Ezra ttenlded the Jews
lie wa        l si, hbundred miles frtom  the  sir the  secenty years captivity, to
place, yet ihe said toi hkils foiow captiveCs  their own11 lanid, and was with Zerubbathe kin.g of LU'lbylon set h i m se lf  hel in building the secolnd tenple, and
againsu 3JcTusa'lem  this same day." atJer it was finisel-d  he returned to
Ezekniel, xxlv.                         Eabylon  to represent the condition cf
-He predicted the overth row of  u1e his peopec.  This, however, is net o r].imrcdomns of Aremen, Moab, Edom, rain.  He was commnissioned by Artahiiistines, Tlyrians and Egyptians, by xerxesd Longem-cenus to go to Judea and
the hani  of the Chialdeans, and his correct the error th'at Ihad crept into
propihecies were falfiHled.             the chiurch,and State. When he started
Ieo is supposed to have prophesied for Judea withl his comeairssion, a Iarge
a1bout t.wern-tywo years-about six numier of Jews attended him.  IHe
years before  the destruction of Jeiusa- made a stop with his companions at tlhe
1em by Nebuchladneh zznar, and sixteen  rivcer Ahava, arnd thought of sendingf
aifter it. TIher-e is a prophecy rmade  in back to the kinng  of Babylon for a hand
th, twentp-fiitlh year of the captivity of of soldiers, to attend and guard the"m
Jeiloa'i.om, king-of Judah. Ezd. xl: 1. on tlheir way to Jorusalem.  But reit may be said of this prophet, in re- mmercbering he had declared unto the
proving' n,91. he1 wa  exceeedin'! y plan 1ing, saying: "Thi  hand cO ovur God
and pointed, thoulgh many of ils vi- is ulon all thlen, for good that seek
sions are hiard to understand; and it is him; but his power and his wrath is
s-aid thiat the Jews do not read the firit nagainst all them that forsake, him," he
or the last nine chapters, until they are was ashamed to require of the king
thrirtLy years of age.  They s u p p o s e such  protection. Ezra, viii: 22.  Feelthat the mind should lbe considerably ing tlat he could not consistently ask
developed before this part of Ezekiel's for an escort of soldiers, he procured
prophecies are read.  WVhen and where priests and Levites to the number of
lie died is not emtai'n.                two hundred and fifty-eight, and after a
$ tn                           solemn fiast, during which they implored
EZER-[El"-zer.]                         earnestly the protection and guidance
of the God of their fathers, they made
EzEa -was the son of Seir, the Ho- ready for the journey.  They remained
rite, and, with his brothers, is referred at the river Ahava three cdays, whemn
to as a duke of the Horites.  Genesis  Ezra delivered into the hands of Sherexxxvi: 21.                              biah, Hashabiah and ten of their breth



EZR                 [173]                EZR
ren, the gold and silver which the kinz Ezra to issue a proclamnation to that'
had granted for the service of the effect, promising that he would stalnd
temple.                               by him, and as an officer assist him.
Ezra weighed the silver to the The coinmmission of Artaxerxes Cauamount of six hundred and fifty talents; thorized Ezra to do anythinrg that the;
and silver vessels to tile amount of one law of God required. H-e accordingly
hundred talents; and gold  to the arose and brought the priests a n d
amlount of one hundred talents; also Levites and all Israel into a solemn
twenty basins of gold and two basins of engagement to stand by him  in corfine copper, the whole amnounting in resting this gross error. 1ie then
value to more than five million dollars. issued a proclanmation calling all toAnd these twelve men that were sepa- gether at Jerusalem, within t h r e e
atecld to take charge of these things, re- days, upon pain of exconmmunication
ceived a solemn charge fromr  Ezra to from the church and the nation. Acretain them in their possession, to take cordingly they c a m e together, and
care of them until they reached Jerusa- Ezra stood before them, and charged
lerl, and then place them in the pos- the sin they had committed upon 
session of the chief of the priests, then them. HIe bade them  make conresat the temple.                        sion, and resolve to forsalke it at once.
Having made all their -arrangements, They agreed to do so. Conmmissioners.
they started, and in four months their were appointed to -see that the matter
journey was completed.  There were was executed.
one thousand, seven hundred and sev-   In the space of three n-months they
enty-five of them with Ezra when he imade a thorough investigation, and
arrived at Jerusalem, and on the fourth one hundrec  and thiteen  priests and
day after their arrival, the twelve men other Jews put away their strange
who had been set apart to guard the wives, notwithstanding somec of them
valuables, delivered them  up in the had children by those wives.  It is
house of their God. Ezra, vii: viii.   not certain that they put away the
Ezra entered at once upon the im- children or disowned the-m entirely.
portant work to which he had been They probably edcuented tilem  in the
assigned.  lHe found that a great religion of the Jews.
ralny of the Jews had maarried hea-   Ezra had the principal authority in
then women; and among those who Jerusalem, and was the director of
had thus offended, were princes and the church and state for thirteen
rulers in the land. IHe becomes years  I-e entered upon his work in
greatly affected on account of their the seventh year of Art, axerxes, and
sin, and gives the strongest signs of Nehemiah was appointed to succeedc
grief. He rent his garment and his him, by the samle king, in the twenmantle, plucked out his hair and his tieth year of' his reign.
beard, and secreted himself to medi-   Nehemiah was commissioned to retate and mourn until the evening sac- build the walls and gates of Jerusarifice.  Then he ventured to make lem, and Ezra, assisted by twenty-six
supplication and prayer unto God in Levites, read thle law to the people,
their behalf. His prayer for them  and expounided it in their hearing.
evinces tire most intense feelii n g.  lch. viii. NWe have tn account of
Ezra, ix: 6-15.                       tlhe Feast, of Taberngc.6es in Neh. ix;
The people saw hin in his agony of and, on the second day, Ezra read the
soul, and heard the expressed anguish law; and so every day till the feast
of his heart on account of their sins ended  seven cdeys.  I[he meople eonand the divine anger. They saw their fessed their r sins and renewed their
errors and regretted their folly; "they covenants with God.
wept very sore."  One of the chiefs   It is probable that Ezra wrote the
(whro was not probably himself guilty) book that bears his name, and he is
Sheelhaniaih, the son of Jehiel, stocod generally looked upon as the restorer
up before Ezra and confessed for the and publisher of the Sacred Scriptures
people their sin, and proposed that after the Jews returned fromn the Babythey who had transgressed should put lonian captivity.  It is thounght he coraway their strange w i v e s and the reeted some erors which had crept into
children born unto them. IHe asked the copies then  extant through the,




EZR                [174]               FES
negligence or listakes of transcribers. St. Paul. This apostle had been two
HI-e is thought to have collected the years a prisoner, and Felix, contrary
books of Scripture then received and to the expressed wish of the Jews,
disposed them in the order in which who were persecuting the ap o s t I e,
they appear in his time. And he is would not con d e m n him, though
supposed to have added something in "willing to show the Jews a pleasure,
connecting the chain of Bible History. he left Paul bound."  When Festus
As for instance he is thought to be the first arrived at Jerusalem., some of the
author of the account of the death and principal Jews applied to himu to conburial of Moses, in the last chapter of demn Paul, but he would not wit-hout a
Deuteronomy. Ezra is thought to be hearing. EIe told theim that the Bothe author of the books of Nehemliahl  means did not condemn a mlan until
adcl Esther.                        they heard his defense. They desired
There has been an opinion extant Paul to be brought from Cesarea to
that Malachi and Ezra were the same Jerusalem, under the pretense of tryperson, but of this we cannot be cer- ing him, but their intention was to
tain. The generally received opinion is murder him on the way.   Festus rethat they were not the same, that the jected their request, and told them
prophet Malachi was a native of Sapha, that he would return to Cesarea in a
and of the tribe of Zebulon.        few days, and he invited them to go
down with him, and lay in their
EZRI — [Ez'-ri.]                    charges against Paul and prove them,
Te have an account of this person if they had it in their power to do so;
in lst Chron. xxvii: 26, as the son of and if he was guilty of wickedness,
Chelub, and ano officer of David, who lie should be punished. Accordingly
had charge of those who were in the in ten days after his arrival at Jerusaking's employ as agriculturists or till- lem, he r e t u r n e  to Ceosarea, and
ers of the ground.                  Paul's accusers attended him. The
day after his arrival, he sat upon the
EZRO-M  or -HE1ZRON —[Hez'-ron,] judgment-seat, and commanded Paul
the dart of joy, diviso   of the to    brought, and his enemies brought
song.                           against him their charges. "They
lie was the son of Pharez, and is laid many and grevious complaints,"
brought to our view in the genealogy of which they were unable to p r o v e.
David, as given in Ruth, iv: 1S. In From the defense that the prisoner
the genealogy of Christ, as given by  made, we judge that they accused him
Matt. i: 3, tracing the lineage of of breaking the law, of defiling the
Joseph the husband of Miary, this per- temple, and of treason against Cesar,
son is referred to, and also in the gene- and his government; for Paul says,
alogy of MaL:ry, the mother of Christ, as Acts, xxv: 8: "Neither against the
is given in Luke, iii: 33. He was hon- law of the Jews, neither against the
ored then in being in. the regular line the temple, nor yet against Cesar have
from Adam to Christ.                I offended anything at all."  Festus,
Iwith a desire to please the Jews, made
F E L I X-F-lix,] happyq, p2ros- a proposition to Paul to go to Jetusaperous.                      letn, and be judged before him there.
FELIX was a deputy for the Ro- H-e may have been bribed by the Jews
mans in the government of Judea. to change the place of the trial, but
HIle enticed Drusilla to leave her law- he knew he could not do it without
ful husband, and marry him. For his Paul's consent, as lie was a IRoman
history and operations as given in the citizen; therefore he asked him, "Wilt
" Acts of the Apostles," see Claudius thou go to Jerlsalem? "  The apostle
Felix.                              a n s w e r e d that he was already at
Cesar's judgment-seat, where he ought
FESTUS-[Fes'-tus,] festicl, joyfuid. to be judged, being a fr e em a n of
FESTUS, whose name is Po r ci u s Rome. He plead against the change,
Festus, was the successor of Felix in and his plea was successful.  Paul
the government of J u d e a. Acts, d e m a n d e d that he either be tried
xxiv: 27. And an account is given there at Cesarea, or be taken to Rome,
of the part he took in the affairs of and tried before Cesar. Festus prob



FES                [175]                GAA
ably explained to the council, that sound. sense and discretionl, answered
Paul hatd a right, as a Rowman prisoner, him   " I am not macl, most noble Festo demand his trial there, or at Plome, tus, bunt speak forth the words of truth
and after his consultation with them  and soberness." Festus may be-excused
as to which they would prefer, and for supposing the prisoner w as dethey choosing to have hirm tried at ranged; for he being a heathen, was
Pome, he said to Paul, "Hast thlou ignorant of those things of which he
appealed unto Cesar?  Unto Cesar had spoken; but he certainly must
shalt thou go "                       have considered Paul's answer wellNot long after this, King.Agrippa timed and sensible. It did not increase
and Bernice, his sister, came to Cesarea his convictions of the prisoner laboring
to salute Festus; and as Festus was under mental derangeMment.
declaring the case of Paul the prisoner   Not long after this Festus sent him
unto him, and how it met himn at Jeru- to Pome under the charge of Julius, a
salem upon his entering upon the duties centurion of Augustus' baid; and alof his oifice, Agrippa expressed a wish though the vessel in which he sailed
to hear him himself.  H-Ie reported to was completely wrecked in the Adriatic
Agrippa the manner in which he had sea, yet from the island of Melita, after
disposed of the case, giving him  at tarrying there three months, he was
some length an account of the trial be- taken by Julius, in a ship of Alexanfora him; and he informed Agrippa dria, to Rome. Acts, xxvii and xxviii.
that as the prisoner had appealed to   Festus, as a governor, was very acCesar, he had entertained the appeal, tive in suppressing and breaking up
and was waiting a favorable opportun- bands of robbers acl assassins in Judea,
ity to send him to Rome. In accord- and we are told that he also suppressed
anee with the wish of the young king, a mtagician, tlhat drew a great many
the next day Festus had Paul brought people after him, and was doing great
out for a hearing, and he ans wers for harm. Jewish historians tell us thae
himself before Agrippa. Acts, xxvi. Festus died afier filling the office two
Festus seems to have had it in view to years and performiiing its duties, and
gather froml the defense the apostle was that he was succeeded by Albinus.
to make before Agrippa, some facts
fr-om which he could make out more F'ORTUNATUS - [For-tuna'-tus,]
clearly and distinctly a case to the elll-  hctppy, p2rosperouts.
peror. _Te seems to have listened very   FoRTUNATruS is mentioned in conattentively to the prisoner as he stands nection with Stephanus, in 1st Cor.
before Agrippa and makes his noble xvi: 17, as a messenger fr om  th e
defense. He notices the compliment church of Corinth to the apostle Paul,
paid to the king, followed with an ac- who was at Ephesus. Fortunatus was
count of his education from his youth one of the first converts to christianity
up. He listens to the defendant as he in Achaia, and hence a proper plerson
refers to his persecutions, and the rea- to be the bearer of a letter from the
son he gives why the Jews had thus church to the apostle, The occasion
persecuted him, viz.: for maintaining of his being sent was to acquaint Paul
the hope of the resurrection.  Paul With the condition of the churches at
gives an account of his persecution of Corinth.  The apostle honors FortuChristians previous to his conversion. natus and his companion for the faithIle speaks of his miraculous conversion ful discharge of their duty in the deand his call to the ministry; of his livering of the message, and declares
obedience to that call, and of his sue- h i mn s e I f to be greatly refreshed in
cess in preaching Christ crucified.   spirit. He bids the church r e s p e c t
Festus becomes so intensely interested them, "'For they have refreshed my
as the prisoner proceeded in his de- spirit and yours; therefore acknowfense, and excited by the nanner and ledge ye them that are such."
matter of it, that he interrupted him 
and, as-we may judge from the account,, AAL-[Ga'-al,] c on tevs p t, or acm
became greatly moved, for he cried out      abolininoatiotz.
with "a loud voice, Paul, thou art be-  GOAL was the son of Ebed, and is
side thyself; much learning hath made brought to our view with his conspiracy
thee mad."  Paul modestly, yet with against Abinmelech, in Judges, ix. Ile




.GAA.               176                GAB
was probably a Canaanite, and possibly his appearing unto Daniel the prophet,
a descendant of Hameor, the ancient a n d gi v i n g himl information of the
king of Shechem. Abimelech 1had inur- seventy prophetic weeks or four hultnddered all his father's sons, save Jotham, red and ninety natural years w h i c h
and was made king by the men of should elapse fromz  the date of the
Shechem.                             edict to go forth and rebuild JerusaBut it was not long until they became lera and the temaple, to the death of
dissatisfied with Abimelech, for in about Messiah the Prince, in Dan. ix: 20-27.
three years they began to deal treach-   Gabriel was the angel who appeared
erously with him, and they laid plans in the form of a mnan at different times
to destroy his life. Gaal observed the to Daniel and gave him important indislike, and in order, if possible, to in- formation. In the seventh ch  apter
crease it, he went over and dwelt awhile this angel deciphers the hieroglyphics
with them. lie succeeded. The dis- that represent in Daniel's vision the
sension increased, and he caused the four great empires that should succeed
men of Sheeheim to comumit depreda- each other. IHe is, in all probability,
tions in the adjacent fields and vine- the messenger that God sent to conyards. And in the midst of their rav- front and confound the Persian prince
aging and carousing, they cursed Abim- for three weeks, and who then comes
elech. Gaal endeavormed to excite them   to the prophet to give him an undcleragainst him by  Isking who is Abime- standing of what shall befall the Jews
lech? and intimating that he was a silly in the laitter days. Dan. x: 13-20.
fellow and unworthy of rule and au- And we may suppose that it was Gathority among them. Hle urged them  briel that gave Daniel the important
to go in with him to mnake some de  instructions that are recorded in the
scendant of 11almor, tlhe father a ii d 12th chapter, supposed to be in referfounder of the city, their king.  Gaal ence to the general resurrection.
expressed a wish that lhe were captain,   It was Gabriel that appeared unto
or leader of the people, and he would Zacharias and informed  hima of the
soon dethrone Abimelech and "as lihe birth of John the Baptist, and of his
expressed this wish"  he challenged character and work. The good man
Abimelech to comle o01t and meet him. saw the angel and was aftaid.  Gabriel
Zebul, the deputy, heard the words allayed his fears, and assurecd him that
of Gaal, and reported them to Abime- his announcement laloght be r e 1 i e d
lech, so that the next morning he came upon. Notwit]hstanding his age and
out with an arny and appeared on the the age of his wife, Elizabeth, they
top of an adjacent hill. Gaal saw them  shonld surely be blessed with a son,
and talked with Zebul, Abimelech's and his name shouldbe called John.
deputy, regarding  them.  Zebul dis- They, as his parents, should have joy
sellblcl by saying, "thou seest the and gladness, and many of the people
shadow  of the mountains as if they of Israel shoulcd rejoice at his birth.
were men."  And he upbraided Gaal He assured him that their son should
who 1had so recently boasted of his su- be great in the sight of the Lord, and
perior ability, and urged him to go out should drink neither wine nor strong
and fight with Abimelech.  And lie cdid drink, and should be filled with the
so, and was cldefeated.  "A b i m e I e c h Holy Ghost, even from his mother's
chased him and he fled before him, and womb. And as though that was not
many were overthrown and wounded. " enough fully to satisfy the priest ZachIt seems that he rushed with his re- arias, he announced his name as Gamaining men into the city thereby ac- briel, and his position am ong the
knowledging himself conquered.  But angels "that stand in the presence of
Zebul wouldc not allow them to remain God."  And he further declared his
there, but thrust, them out of the city special embassy from the King Eterof ShecEhem.  What became of Gaal nal, to be to make known these glad
after this, we are unable to tell.   tidings.  H-e then informed Zacharias
that he should be dumb until th-ese
GABRTIEL-[Ga'-bri-el,] ca man of things were accomplished, w h i c h
God, God's strlength.            came to pass.
GABPIEL was a noted angel of the   Six months after Zacharias was inliving God.'We have an account of formed of the birth of John, the angel




GAB               [177]              GAD
Gabriel appeared unto Mary, and in- Saul, who sought his life. They came
formed her of the honor that God had to him from  their own inheritance
conferred upon her, in selecting her as east of the river, and performed the
the mother of the world's eledeemer. feat of swimming the Jordan when
She was informed by the angel of her swollen to its upper banks, and they
conception, and of the coming birth put to flight several persons of the
of Messiah, and then the angel told enemy of Israel in their rout. And
her Elizabeth, her cousin, had when David was made king in the
conceived in her old age.  M a r y stead of Saul, who was killed at Mt.
seemed to credit the information thus Gilboe, many of the tribe of Gad
given her by Gabriel regarding her- resorted to him and joined in the corself and her cousin. The same angel onation ceremonies.
appeared unto Joseph, the husband of
Mary, and bade him retain his wife. GAD, 2-A troolp.
Afterwards he appeared unto Joseph,   GAD was a prophet who was with
and bade him flee into Egypt, and re- David when he was being persecuted
main there until Herod was de ad. by Saul. He had fled to the cave of
And when Herod was dead the angel Adullam, and was joined by four huninformed Joseph that he was dead, dred men who placed themselves unand bade him go back into the land der him. The prophet Gad came to
of Israel with the young child and his David. and advised that he leave hiss
mother. Luke, i., and Matt. ii.    hold and go to the forests of Hareth,.
which he did.  As this prophet was,
GAD, 1 —A troop.                   with David before he was established;
GAD  was the son of Zilpah the on the throne, so he was afterwards,.
handmaid of Leah, and as the son of and we find him standing before the
Jacob he was the head of one of the king of Israel late in his reign, when,
twelve tribes.  Gad had seven sons, ihe had sinned against God in number —
who were all fathers or heads of nu- ing Israel, and he charges the sin up —
merous families.  Their names and on himi and declares that punislnuent
the number of their families are given awaits him. Under the divine direein Gen. xlvi: 16, and in Nunm. xxvi: tion the prophet Gad bade David.
15, 18. When the tribe of Gad came make choice between three' plagues,
out of the land of Egypt under their -famine, pestilence or' war. David,
prince Eliasaph the son of Deual, it with deep feeling for his sin,:made the
numbered forty-five thousand six hun- choice, and the plague' fell upon him
dred and fifty, but in the wilderness it and his people.
was reduced five thousand one hun-   And as the destroying' angel stood
dred and fifty. This tribe was repre- by the threshing floor of Ornan- the
sented among the spies Moses sent Jebusite, Gad was commlissionedl toi
over to view the promised land, by say to David, "c^t lup an altar in the,
Geuel the son of MIachi. Num. xiii: floor of Ornan the Jebusite." David:
15. We have an account in Num. obeyed —purchasing the floor of'its
xxxii, of their petitioning for an inher- owner, he made the altar, and offered:
itance on the east side of the Jordan, sacrifice and the plague was stayed]
and they obtained it, as did also the It would seem fromn 1st Chron: xxix:'
Reubenites who petitioned at the same 29, that the prophet Gad wrote a histime. This tribe have its part in the tory of David's life, and certainly he'
wars bywhich the country west of the was well qualified to do it.  As he
Jordan was conquered.'They were was with David in Moab before he
engaged in the war about seven years was king, and had probably been with
when they retired to their inheritance him, all through his reign as the king
and houses, as we learn from Josh. of Israel, contemporary with Samuel
xxii. There is an interesting account who annointed him, and with Nathan
given in Ist Chron. xii: 8, 17, of eleven who ministered to him in his last hours.
of the captains of this trihe who
visited David when in the hold in the GADDI- [Gad'-dyJ] mny happiness, a
wilderness of Ziklag for the purpose    troop, a kid.
of joining themselves to him  and   GADD  I was the son of Susi, of the.
assisting him in his defense against tribe of Manasseh, and was selected by'
12




GAD                 [178]              GAM
Moses as one of the twelve spies to preach and were brought to Christ;
search out and examine the nature and they became Christians, and the Jews
state of the land of Canaan. Numbers, became so embittered and mad that thley
xiii: 11.                            dragged the apostle before Gallio, and
arraigned him at his tribunal, under the
G A D lD I E L-[G-ad'-di-el,] goat of charge of teaching men to worship God
God, the Lord is my army.        contrary to the Roman law. Paul was
Was the son of Lodi, of the tribe about to speak for himself, when Gallic
Zebulun., and was selected by Moses as dismissed the case. Hle told the Jewvs
one of the spies to search out and ex- that if their charges had been of a
amuine the nature and state of the land criminal nature, he would have given
Canaan. Num. xiii: 10.               them a hearing; but since they pertained to matters of their law, he would
G A I US - [Ga'-yus,] Lord, or an have nothing to do with it. I-le ordered
earthly manr.                    them  out of his presence.   Some
G.AIUs was a noted Christian of the heathen Jews probably taking license
apostolic age, who abode, we are in- from the temper and action of Gallio in
formed, at Corinth. He was one of the this case, took Sosthenes, the ruler of
two converts of St. Paul whom Paul the synagogue, and beat him before the
baptized himself.  1st Cor. i: 14.  "I tribunal, but he did not concern himself
thanlk God that I baptized none of you at all about it. His carelessness in this
but Crispus and Gaius."  The apostle matter has placed his name in a reSt. Paul wrote his epistle to the proachful proverb.  A man regardless
Romans from Corinth, and was dwelling of all piety, is called " a Gallio," and
at the time he wrote it with Gaius, and is'said,'"Gallio-like to care for none: of
the apostle sends the salutations of these things."  The above account is
Gaius his host to the Church at IRome. recorded in Acts, xviii: 12-17.
Rom. xvi: 23. From  Acts, xix': 29,
we learn that Gaius with Aristarchus GAMALIEL, 1-[Ga-ma'-le-el,] rechad accompanied Paul to Ephesus, and     ompense of God.
he was severely persecuted by the mob   GAMALIEL was a prince of the tribe
that was raised there; they were drag- of Manasseh, numbered among t h e
ged to the theatre and threatened, but princes as they prepared under Moses
were not severely injured.  e-T is called for their exit from tihe land of Egypt.!in the next chapter, Gaius of Derbe, for His name and position, is given in Num-.we suppose it to be the same person, but hers, i: 10.
why he is thus designated we cannot
tell. The apostle St. John directs his GAMALJEL, 12-Recompense of God.
third Epistle to Gaius, a devoted meember of the church and dearly loved by   GAMIALIEL was a celebrated Rabbi'the apostle.  It may be the same per- and doctor of the Jewish law. He was
son referred to above, for certainly the a Pharisee, at whose feet the young
same virtues are referred to that were Pharisee, Saul of Tarsus, was brought
developed in the "host" of St. Paul. up, and by whom  " he was taught according to the perfect manner of the
GALLIO-]Gal'-lio,] he that sucks or fathers."  It is thought that Barnabas
lives upon milk7.                and Stephen were also pupils of GamaGALLIO was the brother of Seneca, liel. It is very likely that the first
the famed moralist and philosopher. named was an intimate friend and asI-c is said to have changed his name in sociate of Saul, but converted before
honor of h is adopted father, from  him. When Saul went from Damascus
Novatus to Gallio, which was the fath- to Jerusalem, Barnabas received him
er'a name.                           and introduced  him  to his brother
He was deputy or governor of Achaia apostles.
under the Emperors Claudiusn  and   It was not long after the day of PenNero. It was the latter Emperor who tecost, and the astonishing display of
put him and his brother to death.    divine power, that the Jewish SanheThe Jews were greatly enraged at the drim began to be alarmed at the proapostle Paul for converting many Gen- gress of the gospel, and they desired to
tiles.  The  Corinthians heard him I put the preachers of this new doctrine




GAM                [179]               GED
to death, in the hope thereby to stop GASHIMIJ, on GE S H E   — [Ge'the progress of the cause. They ac-    shem.]
cordingly apprehended the apostles,   There is a person of this name
and brought them before the National brought to our view frequently in the
Council, of which this man was a mem- book of Nehemiah.  IHe was assober. Gamaliel checked the council in ciated with Sanballat and Tobiah
their heat and earnestness to put the against Nehemiah while engaged  in
apostles to death, by prudent advice. building the walls of Jerusalecm. He
Hle had the arraigned apostles to with- is called Geshem, the Arabian. They
draw for awhile from the presence of despised the workers, a n d taunted
the Sanhedrim, that he might give his them  while at their labor. Nchecounsel without their hearing. He then  niah., ii: 19.
told the council that if these men were   Geshem and Sanballat tried to seimpostors, the fact would soon be dis- cure the attention of Neehemiah and
covered, and they could be brought to divert him from his purpose and Iajustice, while their cause would die. bor; but they could not, even by craft.
But if, on the other hand, they were He sent a messenger to them, stating
true men, and their cause was the cause that he could not come. The wort
of God, it was in vain for them to at-: in which he was engaged was a great
tempt to stop it, for they would be con-'work, and he could not think of lettending against the Almightywhich was ting it stop. "Why should the work
the height of folly. The council saw the cease, while I leave it and come down
wisdom in of Gamaliel's advlce. and to you?"
changed their purpose from putting the   When Sanballat and Geshem found
apostles to death.to mere corporeal pun- they could not succeed in getting Net
ishment. Acts, v.: 34, &c. If the Jew- hemiah to a conference with them in
ish'Sanhedrim really believed the forged the plain of Ono, G-eshem  charged.account of Christ's body being stolen by him with intention to rebel and make
his disciples, Gamaliel, as one of them, himself a king. Neh. vi: 1-6.
would not have talked thus, and they
would not have listened to such advice GATAM -[Ga'-tam,] their lowing,
from him, much less have been influ-    their touch.
enced by it. From the report of the   He was the son of Eliphaz, and the'soldiers who had guarded the tomb, grandson of Esau. Gen. xxxvi: 11.
they knew full well that a very extraordinary circumstance hlad occurred. It GEBEiR —[Ge'-ber.]
is fhought by some that Gamaliel was   Ie was the father of one of the
the son of the famous Rabbi Hillel, and officers who were appointed by Solothe uncle of Nicodemus, who was in- mon to provide victuals for his housestructed by Christ regarding the great hold. 1st Kings, iv: 13.
doctiine of regeneration or the new
birth. He is thought to have been the GEDALIATI, 1 —The greatness of the
president of the Jewish Sanhedrim for   Lord.
about thirty-two years.  Whether he   GEDALIAIr was one of the sons of
vwas president or not, he certainly had a,Jeduthun, and when the lots were
very considerable influence in that cast and the singers were divided into
council. Acts, v: 34-40.            twenty-four courses, the second lot
came forth to him. 1st Chronicles,
GAMUL — [Ga-mul.]                   xxv: 99
GAMUL was one of the priests ap- GEDALIAH, 2 —[Ged-a-I'-ah,] the
pointed by David when he divided        greatness of the Lord.
them into twenty-four courses. Iis lot   GEDALIAH was the son of Ahikam,
was the twenty-second.  1st Chron. a Jewish prince.  He was made a
xxiv: 17.                           governor over the poor people that
were left in the land of Judah by
GAREB-[Ga'-reb.]                    Nebuchadnezzar, the king of Babylon. We suppose he was simply made
GAREB, an Ithrite, was one of David's an overseer, or appointed to regulate
-mighty men. 2d Sam. xxiii: -38.    the husbandmen.  As the overseer,




GED                [180]               GEH
his residence was at iVizpah, not very thy husband?  Is it well with the
far from Babylon, and where he could childl?"  He obeyed the prophet and
easily receive the instructions that'received her answer:  "It is well."
were to govern him. He pledged hlitm-   When she- came to Elisha, and, in,
self in the most solemn manner to the her- sorrow, caught him: by the feet,,
poor Jews, to encourage,. protect and;Gehazi approached to thrust her away
defend themn- assured them if they andc would, havei done: so,: had not Eliwould serve the king. of' Babylon it sha stopped him. As soon as she told!
should be well with them. Jeremiah Iher trouble, Elisha; sent Ge-hazi, with,
the prophet and. Baruch went to IMiz- his staff, to, heri house, and bade him:
pah and placed themselves under the lay it upon the face of the child, and;
charge of' Gedaliah, and claimed the.he did so, but with no, visible effect.
protection he  offered, and  a great When his master arrived he told him,
many Jews who fled into the land cS  "the child is not awaked."  Elisha
Moab and Ammon came, back. iaalis, restored the. child to lil-e and G-ehazi
the king' of the Ammonites instigated called the Shunamite, to take- him.  -
Ishmael the son of Nethaniah  to   When Naanman, the Assyrian, was
almurd'er Gedaliah,Y aind he set himself healedl of his leprosy and returned.
about the- work. He came to Mizpah front the J or d a n, he offered the:
with ten  meni, accomplices in the prophet money  but he' refused it.
work of death.  Gedaliah was in- Gehazi had- a love of money, and,
formed by- Johanan of the intention iyielded to a temptation, to, run after,
of  lshmael,. bult he would not believe Naaman and. demand it, notwithlstandit; hence- took no precaution to save ing' his master had refused it.  He
his. life. He  iv itecl the party to an demnanded: it and. sce c ured a large
enatetainnment, and in the midst of the amounl-two talents of' silver.   -e
feast they murdered him, The Jews only asked for one  tialent, but Naa1hat were- unider him at itMizpah were iman gave him, two. As aoon as theal'armed lest the king of Babylon servants of Naanman thsat carried it
should charg'e the murder of Geda- were- dismissed, Gehazi hid the nioney
liah. upon them, and they fled into and went into the presence: oI Elisha,,
Egypt, notwithstanding- the prophet who askeld hii':  "Whence comest
Tere'miah tried to; pacify them. For thou?"  yWXithl a lie he answered::
the account of the prince: Gedaliah "Thyservant went no withir."  Eliand his position as a ruler, and his sha then informed him, that he wasmurder by- Ishmael, etc., see 2d Kings [acquainted  with  his recent movexxv.;  Jer. xl: xli: xlii.           ments; that the prophetic spirit in.
him  had rt-,ade  hinm acquainted withi
GEH.AZI-[Ge-ha'-zi1,] the valley of the whole' affair, and with his intenis'ion.                          tions when he procured the money,
GEE AZI was the servant of the viz: to set up a splendid establishprophet Elisha for several years;. and ment  to- have men anci naid-serv —
it is thought by sone that lihe: was Eli- ants, olive yardsl ancl  ineyrds, and
jah's servant belore Elisha was called sheep,, and oxen.  He rebuked him
to- be a prophet. Of this there is no for his covetousness, and assured him..
certainty, oir the first time we hear  that the leprosy of Naaman should.
of Gehazi is at the house: of the Shu- cleave unto:- him- and unto his seed'
nalmite, when Elisha bids him call' her fovever. And the leprosy did cleave
for a conference- as to how she desired unto himn- at onGce for he retired from:
to be compensated for her kindness the presence- of Eiisha a "leper as
and hospitality to him.              white as, snow."  2d- Kings, v.
When the Shunamite woman's son   Gehazi was punished veery severely,
died she made ready an dc  went to but the sin that he, committed was
Carmel, whe-e Elisha was to inform  very heinous,. actuated by' the princihim of her bereavement and sorrow  ple of covetousness, and indulging in
and urge him to come to! her house. pride and vanity. I-le would become
Elisha saw her coining-in the distance. a great man. He lied in order to imrand, recognizing her, he bade Gehazl pose uponl Naa.man, and in- effect conrun and meet her, and inquire of her: muitted the-ft. 1He: had asked' for the:
"Is, it well with: thee? Is it well with silver and two: changes of garments



-GEII [RL] 81GET
from  Naamuan, for Elisha, but in- 22, where it is said the reason'M oses
tended to appropriate them  to him- gave hinm  that name was, "I have.self; and he closed the infatmous acts been an alien in a strange land." G.erby lying to his master, saying: "'Thy, shom -was the elder.Iof the two sons.servant went no wither."             of ~Moses, we judge from -the fact that
About six y-ears after, this same the birth of Eleazer is not yet an-,Gehazi confers with Jehorlar,  a king nounced, and where:the two sons are
of Israel, concerninDg Elisha's muiracle. mentioned his naame -occurs first. It is
The.Shunamite w o r a n had so- supposed  that he and'his  fanmily
Journed in the land of the Philistines with  his brother ]Eleazer and his
during the famine. She solicits the iamily were united with the  Ger-'king to give her land'back..Gehazi shonites and had the employment of
ceertified that she vwas the'wo m a n taking care of the tabernacle and the
whose son -was -restored to life, and tent. Num. iii:.21-26. They seoved
the king answered her petition. 2d at the tabernacle and were appointed
Kings, viii: 1-6.'to carry- burdens. Num. iv: 21-28.
-GEI4ALLI —[Ga-mal-li]                GERSHON   [G-er'-shon,];his baGEIALLI waas the father of Ainmiel,    ishmnet.
who represented the tribe of Dan among
the spies sentoutby Moses.  Numbers,   GERas1ro.N was the,eldest son of
xiii: 12.                             Levi, and prince ~of one ~of the extensive framilies,of the Levites. At the
GEAMlARIAH, 1-[Gema-ri'-aioh         time the bchildren of Israel left the,GEAIALI AI was the son of Snaphain,   land of Egypt the Gershonites unmthe scribe, and.ther of Micaia.' HIe bered seven thounsnd five hundred
was one of the princes,of Judah, and m ales, of whichl number there were
had an apartment in, th  hoC of tthe two thousand six liundth e d  Sand thirty
Lord, and Baruch w as in this roomn that -were fit for service.  Eliasaph,
when  e read the alarming prophecies the son of Lael, was clief of the
in the ears of the people referred to in family.  They bad thleir:position as
Jer. xxxwi..Levites at the west end of'the tabernacle and their appointed work,was to
GEM ARIAI  2.                       lcarry thevails andcl curtains.as ordemed;GLn~..~rAU, the son of Iilkiah, was a by Ithamar the son of Aaron. N um.,messenger from Jeremiah to the 7captive iii: 21-95 and iv-: 24-28.
Jews, and the bearer of a letter from "When thfie lsralitesentered Canaan
that prophet.  Jer. xxix.             and the land -was divided almong these,
the famnily of the Gershonites had
GEN1U[BATI -[Gen'-u-bath,] theft, thirteen cities assigned them. They
gacrdcn,sorp2.rotection of the dagSlh- are -reerred to in Joshua  xxi.: 27-33.
ter.                             as also in 1st Chron. vi: 71-76. This
zGENUBA~T  Wvas the son of -Icadad by family continned to be an import-ant
an Egyptian princess, the sister offTah- family for iany ages. It was divided
penes, the wife of Pharoah., who was into two parts,or branches, Laadan
governing in Egypt during -the reign of was at the head of one, anc $fhinei at
Solomon. 1st iings, xi:.20.          the Ihead of the other.  We *have an
account:of them and -their importance
GERA —,[Ge'-rah,] pilgrimage,  dis- in the days ~of David.; and some of
pute.                            them nare reported as overseers of the
GERAk was one of the sons of Benja- treasuries in the house of the Lord..
main, and  is number-cd with the family See 1st Chro. xxiii:7, 11-, and xxvi:
of Jacob -who went down into Egypt,  2,22.,Gen. xlvi: 24.
GETHER-E [Ge'-ther,I the vale of;GERSErOM-[Ger'sham,] a stranger tr        ial.
there.                             GETHER was the son of Aram an4
GEuRsaoIm was the son of Moses and the grandson of Shem  and is referred
Zipporah, his Midianitish wife. The to in the posterity of khem. Gen. x:
aceaount of'his bir:h is given in Ex. ii: 23.




GEU                 [182]              GD
GEUEL-[Ge-u'-el.]'                   him that the Lord would be with himGEUEL, the son of Machi, of the and that the Midiarnites should be smittribe of Gad.  I-Ie was selected by ten by him. The confidence of Gideon
Moses as one of the twelve spies to seemed to increase, but he ventured to
search out and examine the nature and ask the. angel to work a miracle, that
state of the land of Canaan.    um. he nmight fieel more fully satisfied that
xiii: 15.:this mission he was authorizing was of
God:'" Show me a Esign that thou talkGIDDALTI —[Gid-dal'-ti.]             est with me."  Gideon secured the atGIDDALTI was one of the sons of tention of the angel and received a
Heman, and when the lots were cast, promise from him to tarry until he preand the singers were divided into parel for him a repast. He made ready
twenty-four courses, the t w o -- and - to entertain him by slaying a kid and
twentieth lot came to him. 1st Chron. preparing unleavened cakes, and he
xxv: 29.                             brought the- prepared victuals out to.the angel who remainedc in- the shade of
GIDEON-[Gid'-e-on,] he that breaks:a tree. The angel, however, did not eat
or. bruises.                     but bade Gideon place the prepared
GIDEON was the son of Joash, who flesh and cakes upon a rock near by
belonged to the tribe of Manassehb, and and he proceeded before the eyes oV
was of the city of Ophrah. Gideon is Gideon to work a miracle. The angel
the same with Jerubbabel, the seventh-. touched the food with the end of his
judge of Israel. Hle was called, under staff,, andl as he dicd so there came up
very extraordinary circumstances, to de- fire outt of the rock and' consumed the
liver Israel fromn the Midianites,. who flesh and the bread' andl the- broth, thus
had sorely oppressed them  for seven m;ulaking- it an offering unto God. The
years. The enemy' had devoured the proof' of a supernatural agency was satcrops of the Israelites, and seized and isfactory to Gideon. Hie knew that he'
taken away their cattle, and impover- had' seen' an angel of' the Lord, and beished t h e ri  greatly.. They became came alarmed lest hie should be struck
deeply affected and cried unto the Lord'dead. Ile hacl  evidently adopted the
for deliverance. The Lord sent a pro- opinion which prevailed under the legal
phet unto themr to tell them. why this dispensation, that if a man. saw God
evil had conme upon them, viz:. "ye or his representative' angel he must
have not obeyed my voice."  Bu.t the surel.v die;' hence' he says' "Alas, 0
Lord had mercy upon them, and sent Lord God! for I have seen an angel of
an angel unto 0plhrah to confer with the Lord face to face.'  But his fears
Gideon who was engaged in threshing- are allayed by a secret inspiration in lis
wheat, and the heavenly visitant let own heart, or it rmay be by an audible
him know that he was selected' to de- voice, or it is God himself that speaks:
liver his people. Thlus we' observe a "P'eace be unto thee; -fear not; thou
calul made upon one in agricultural'life shall not die."
to become the general of an. army, and   His fears were allayed, and as he was
the deliverer of his people. We mlay left alone; the angel having departed
suppose from what the angel said to from him, he engagecd in adoration and
him, he had performed some feats that praise to God. IHE  built an altar and
exhibited his courage and personal called it Jehovah  Shalom:  "The
powers.  What those feats were, we Lord send peace:" a very appropriate
are not informed, but the angel says, name fir an altar' at that time. The
" the Lord is withl thee, then imighty same night Gideon received a  message
man of valor."  Piobably the thrilling frorm the God who had commissioned
circumstances that had occurred in the him to the important work of deliverlife of Gideon, that made him a mighty ing Israel.  That message required
man of valor, were known to his coun- him to cut down the grove at once, and
trymen, and would tend to excite confi- demolish the altar of Baal which his
dence in him as their deliverer. Gideon neighbors had erected, and at which
heard the charge given him by the an- they had been worshiping, and offer his
gel, but he ventured what seems to be father's bullocks upon the altar on the
an objection, "'My family' is poor in rock where the fire had miraculously
Manasseh," &c. The angel answered devoured his provisions. He accord



GID                [183]              GIDm
ingly did so, having ten of his father's the fleece contained a bowl full of waservants to assist him.n  Early the next ter. Gideon thei askled of the Lord
morning the city was thrown into con- one more test, viz: " Let me leave the
fusion, as the idolatrous men beheld the fleece another night on the floor, and
altar of Baal demolished, and the grove let it now be dry only upon the feece,
cut down, and another altar erected, and upon all the ground let there be
on which already two bullocks had been clew."  God condescended to give him
sacrificed to another god than Baal.   this request, and so settle his mind.
These idolators were greatly enraged, It had the desired effect, and Gideon
and learning that Gideon had done it, at once imarched his forces towards
they demanded of Joash, his father, his the encampment of the enlemy. After
life. It imaybe that the flther of Gideon the march, he pitched by the well of
was a worshiper of Baal, and that was Harocl. Here his faith was severely
the reason why " he feared his father's tried, as he learned that some of his
household."  But now that the altar mnen were timorous and ffaint-hearted.
was torn down and the grove destroyed, -His army only numbered thirty-two
and his son had done it, and the en- thousand, while the army of the enemy
raged idolaters were clamoring for numbered two hundred thol7rsand -
Gideon's blood, Joash remonstrated and yet the Lord told him the people
With them, and urged that if ]3aal was a were too many. All the fearful of his
god, he ought to exert his power and men were to be discharged.   Twentypunish the person who had broken down two thousand tool the benefit of this
his altar. Hie insisted that Baa], if a order and left him, which only left him
true god, should avenge his injured ten thousand. The Lordl spake to
honor, should stand up in his own dc- Gideon again, and told himn that yet
fense.  He probably renounced his the people were too many —lis army
idolatry, and. from  -that hour looked must yet be reduced. And the sinluwith anxiety upon Gideon and his lar plan was proposed and followed
movements.                          of bringing the army down to a waterIt is probable that the Midianites ing place to be tried by the mnanner in
heard what Gideon had done in des- which they drank;  and every one that
troying the altar and grove of Baal, lapped of the water with his tongue
and thinking that his bold act was a as a dog lappetlh, was to be placed toforerunner of an attempt to come out gether, and every one that bowed on
from under their power, they associated his knees to drink was to be placed
with themr the Amalekites and the together. And it was so that but three
children of the east, and encamped a hundred of the ten thousand lapped;
mighty army in the valley of Jezreel. all the others bowed down upon their
It was an aremy of nearly two hundred knees to drink water. The Lord then
thousand.                           informed Gideon that the three hundGideon, under divine influence, comr- red was to compose his army, to conmenced to gather together an army. quer the Midianites; the other nine
His friends the Abiezrites and warriors thousand seven hundred were to be
from the tribes of bIanasseh, Asher, discharged. Whether there was anyZebulun and Naphtali, to the number thing in the manner of drinking indicof thirty-two thousand, were gathered ative of the character of the men, we
under him. Gideon desired  of the know not. It has been thought that
Lord additional evidence that he would the army had been on a very fatiguing
save Israel by his hand. This request march, during which they became very
seems to be very bold, and yet we doubt much heated and very thirsty, and that
not it was suggested to him by the the mode of drinking adopted by the
divine spirit. "Behold I will put a three hundred was less dangerous than
fleece of wool in the floor; and if the that of drinking quickly and abunddew be on the fleece only, and it be dry antly, as it is thought the others did.
on all the earth beside, then shall I The fiaet is, the Lord had determined
know  that thou wilt save Israel by to use Gideon as an instrument to conmine hand as thou hast said."       quer the enemies of Israel, and he had
He made the test. Early the next determined to do it in such a way as tm
m o r n i n g he went to the floor, and convince the people that his hand had]
while the ground was dry all around, saved them, and not their own hands.




GID                [184]               GIL
Gideon sent the army all home save slain, and the fifteen thousand that esthe three hundred, while he ordered caped with their kings, Zebah and Zalthem  to prepare food for s e v e r a 1 munna, were overtaken acnd destroyed.
days, and provide themselves with a There were two cities through which
trumpet, an empty pitcher and a lanp, Gideon passed with his men, that defor each soldier. They did so. The nied his men food when they were hunnight before Gideon mcade his attack, gry and faint. I-e punished the inhablie went, in company with his servant itants on his return.
Phurah, into the Midianitish camp, or   The Ephrai-mites were angry because
near enough to the camp to see tlem,  Gideon did not invite them earlier to
and hear conversation passing between his assistance, but he was able to pacify
them. lit Ia2y be that it was not the theli. The people, immediately after
regular army, but Midianites who were this great victory, desired Gideon to ~be
camlped very close to them, and were their governor, but lie told theml the
in fceling with them, and on friendly Lord wa.s their rightful sovereign. lIe
relations, who were expecting as battle,  declared that he would not rule over,and in hopes of securing plunder after them, neither should his son, but the
the battle was over. They approached Lord should rule. HI-  requested the
near enough to hear the conversation people to give him the earrings of their
*of two men, which consisted of relat- prey, which they did, and it amounted
ing a dream on the part of one, and to one thousand seven hundred shekels,the interpretation of the dream by the of gold, (eleven thousand nine hundred.other. Ie was afresh inspirited for the dollars,) and out of this gold he made
conflict, as he listened to the talk, and an ephod, and placed it in his native
returned to his men confident of suc- city. Probably he intended it simply
eess. So confident was he that he said, to be a memorial of his victory, but it
"'Arise, for the Lord hath delivered proved a snare to Gideon, and a ruin to
into your hand the hosts of Midian." his family, for it led to idolatry. Gidlie divided his men into three conl- con judged Israel forty years, and died
panics, and attacked the vamp of the leaving seventy sons, all of whom were
enemy on different sides.  Befbre mak- nmurdered, except Jotham, by Abimeing the charge and rushing into the en- lech, a son of a secondary wife. See
emy's camp, he had ordered his men to Judges, 6th, 7th and 8th chapters. We
follow his example-all of them do as may say of Gideon, as the angel said,
he did. When he reached a certain he was " a mighty man of valor." VWe
point, lie blew his trumpet, broke his may also say le was a true patriot, and
pitcher, and held hisA lamp in his hand, an instrument in the hands of God in
and cried, " the sword of the Lord and delivering Israel, from  Midian.  His
of Gideon."  -His ien all followed his private character, after he became a
example, and together broke their pitch- judge of Israel, was not exemplary in all
ers, blew their trumpets, and held their respects.  HeF had many wives, and
lamps, while as with the voice of one seventy children, besides one by a conman they united in the war cry, and cubine who succeeded him  and murtheir enemies alarmed, fled, supposing dered all his other sons. It has been
the army charging upon them  was thought Gideon was a type of Christ,
mixed up with them, they smote friend but the spirit of inspiration has not defbr foe, and killed one another. The signated him as such.
~three hundred men of Gideon kept their
position, and continued to blow their GIDEONI- [Gid-e-o'-ni,]
trumpets until all the vast armay of their   Was of the tribe of Benjamin, and
enemy that was not killed had escaped the father of Abidan, the Prince who
from the plain. As the news of Gid- assisted Moses in numberin- the tribes,eon's victory went abroad, the men of of Israel. Num. i: 11.
Naphtali, Asher and Manasseh pursued;after them.  The Ephrailites were in- GILEAD,  — [Gil/-e-ad,] the nzass of
vited by Gideon, and they came up and    testinony.
took the fords of Jordan, and slew the   Was the son of Machir, and the
-two kings of Midian, Oreb and Zeeb. grandson of 3IManasseh, as we learn
In the battle not less than one hundred from Num. xxvi: 29, and Jos. xvii: 1.
find twenty thousand Midianites were I-e was the head of the tribe called the




GIL                [185]               GOL
Gileadites and the father of the follow-  HI-e went out from  the Philistine
ing six sons: Jezer, Helck,- Azriel, camp for forty dcays in succession, and
Shechem, Shemida and Hopher, who defied the H-'ebrews to produce'a man
had a numerous posterity. They were that would meet him illn single combat,
set.led beyond Jordan onl the noted and he offered to let the f te of the
ridge of mountains of the same name. two arimies be decided by a single
Nuwi. xxxii. 40.                     combat with him.  If the Israelites
could produce a man that could conGILEAD, 2 —The.mass of testinGony. quer him  he agreed that the PhlilisWas the father of the tiumonls Jep- tiles should;be subject, and if' the
thah, who was a mighty man of valor. man that met him was conquered then
Judg. xi: 1, and who delivered the the Israelites should be subject. This,
Israelites from the hand and power of however, Saul would not agree'Lo or
the Ammonites. This Gilead had a they were dismayed and  t crrornumerous family, and was probably a stricken at the sight of the gianit aud
descendant of the former G-ilead.    at his bold words of defiance.
But David came to thc camp of the
GINiATI —[Gi'nath.]                  Hebrews one day during the forty days
GINAT:H was the  iather of Tibni, that the giant defied Israel.  I-He
and is referred to in lst Kings, xvi: 21. heard his defiant words and with pure
love of his nation and a jealousy -or
GINNET-THO-[Gin/ne-t.ho.]            her honor, he meditated an individual
GINNETI-IO, one of the chief priests contest with Goliath and made known
and Levites who returned to Judea his thoughts to someC of Saul'S wrwith,cft ubbabel. Neh. xii: 4; and lie riors.  Soon David appeared in tihe
is the samie person who is referred to presence of Saul and agreed to meet
in Neh. X  6.  Who scaled the cove- the giant.  le attackcd Goliath wi'th
nant,                                a staf —his sling and a few sumal-l
stones which lhe took froml the brook.
GiSP A-                              The giant looked with disd'ain upon
GsIsmP, one of the overseers of tle David as lie approached  hiTm, and
worknmn in rebuilding the walls of cursed himi by the gods of the PhilisJerusalem after the return firom the tines. I-e bade the youth ful warrsor
captivity. NYh. xi:. 21              come on and he would tear his flesh
iln pieces, and give it to th1e fowls of
GOOG-R-ooQI coveri'zg.               the air and to the beasts of the field.
GOG was a Reubenite, the son of David,  undaunted by the words ofi
Shlciaiah. 1st Chron. v: 4.          Goliath, said unto him.  "T cone to
thee in the name of the oLord of hosts,
GOLIATH — [Go-li/ath,] A ccpgiv- the God of the armies of israel."   He
iy, c- 23assiy ver.             assured his enemy that lie was sanguine of victory, he expected  and
GoLIATH  was a Philistine giant. would surely have success. In a little
He was the champion of the enemiy of while the Philistines would see their
Israel who defied the armies of the champion fallen.  The preliminaries
livi-lg God. I-tis size was enormous for the baottle having been all gone
as it is givCen ill 1t San. xvii. He through with, Goliath arose and began
was tetn fect six and a half inches to approach David, who put a stone
high, antd had an armor of great into his sling and  threw it at his
weight. His brazen helmet weighed enemy's head, and it struck him  a
fifteen pounds; his target or collar deadly blow. Hle suddenly fell dead,
weighed thity pounds; his spear was when David ran up and severed his
twenty-six feet long, and the head of head from his body, and took his head
it weighed thirty-eight pounds. His and his arimor to'the city as a trophy
s w od uweighed  i'ur pounds, his of victory.
greaves  or thc  covering bfor his legs   Goliath had four brethren who were'
thirty, and b1is coat' of mail one hun- afterward slain by the warriors of Dadred and t Birty-six, so that all the via; the naznes of two of them are
woig'it of hi  armor was two hundred given, VIz: Ishbi-benob and Saph; anancd seventy-three pounds.           other is distinguished as the brother




GOL                 U186]               HAD
of Goliath the Gittite, and the other I supposed he was alive at the tieno of
as one having six fingers on each hand,  the destruction of Jerusalem by Nebuand six toes on each foot. 2d Sam. chadnazzar. In his prophecies he forexxi: 16, 21.                         tells the destruction of Judea by the
Chaldeans, with the captivity of the
GOMER, 1-[Go'mer,l to finish, corn- people of the Jews. He also declares
plete.                           their deliverance from the oppressor at
GO~IER was the eldest son of Ja- the appointed time, withl the ruin of
pheth, and hence a grandson of Noah. the em pire that subdued them. He
He is referred to in the generations of refers, in his prophecies, to the promise
Noah and his sons, Gen. x: 2; and of the Messiah, and confirms it, and
this person, or his descendant, is re- concludes the subject of his teachings
ferred to in Eze. xxxviii: 6. Gomer with a prayer or hynn, in which he sets
is suppose to have been the head of a forth, in the most grand and glowing
numerous progeny.                    language, the wonders which GCod bad
wrought for his people. The Foetry of
GOM3ER, 2 —To finis, complete.       t-he third chapter is almost unrivalecd
GOMEnP was the wife of the prophet for sublimity in; the sacred records.
Hosen, and the daughter of D)iblaim.   If I-Habakkuk was alive when Judea
Hos. i: 3. The prophet seems to have was conquered by Nebuclhadnezzer, nnd
married this woman because he was the Jews were carried into captivity, it
commanded to do so. She is brought is likely he remained in Jude:. and died
to our notice as a woman of ill fa.me. there. [See Book of Habakkluk.]
She had never been married, but had
lived a life of scandal. She was -the -IIABAZTNIA1I —[H-Tab-a-zi-ni'-ahl.]
mother for the prophet of a son whose   Was one of the Reclhabite., whose
name was Jezreel, and a daughter fidelity to the temperance principles of
whose name was Loruhamah. Hos. the family was tried, by platcinr pots
i: iv: vi.  A-nd afterwards she bare falil of wine, and cups before l him  to
another son, and called his name drink. Ele joined the others in reLoammii.                             fusing to drink, alnd thereby secured
the divine favor. Jer. xxxv: 3.
GUNI-[Gu'-ni.]
GUNI was the son of Na.phtali, and J[ADAD, 1-[[:[a'-dad,] joy, noise.
is numbered with the family of Jacob,   H-IADAD was a king of Edom. He
when he went down into Egypt. Gen. was the son of Bedad, who s im o tte
xlvi: 24.                            Miidian in the field of Moab. Gen.
xxxvi: 35. Why the record of this
IItAAHASHITARI-[ [Ha-a-hash'- circumstanee is made here we can not
ta-ri,]                         tell. It miay be because it was a. cirA nan or a family immediately des- cumrstance taloked about in the land of
cended from  Ashur, the father of To- Midian during the time that  loses
koe, by his second wife Naarah.  1st was there with Jethro, and pointed to
Chronicles, iv: 6.                   as a calamity. The capital of his kingdom was Avith, and his successor was
IIABAlAH-I[H[a-ba'-yah.]             Samlah  of MasrteCkat. 1st Chronicles,
Was among the sons of the priests i: 46.
who returned from Babylon w i t II
Zerubbabel. Ezra, ii: 61; and Neh. IHADAD, 2-Joroy, noite.
vii: 63.                              HEADAD was the son orf  king whlom
David conquered in the land of Edom.
HI A B A K K U K-[Hiab/-ak-uk,] a 1st Kings, xi: 14, &e. While Joab,
wrestler.                         the general of David s army, was ravIEABAKKUK was a prophlet supposed aging the conquered country, HaLdad
to be of the tribe of Simeon. There fled for his life, and was placed by his
is nothing certainly known as regards father's servants under the protect.ion
his birthplace  or parentage.  t-Ic is of Pharaoh, kilg of Egypt. IHe was
thought to have proDhesied during the but a child when thus celcd from his
reign of 3Manasseb, and was cotemlpor- native land. The king of Egypt cared
ary with the prophet Jeremiah. It is I for him, treated him kindly, and when




HAD                 [187]               HAG
he grew up to be a man, he gave him  then forty thousand of their horsemen
the sister of Tahpanes, his own wife,' were slain with Shobach, their general.
to be his wife, and she bare him a son,   The consequence of this defeat was,
-whose name was G0enubath.           the Syrian princes tha t were under
When David was dead, and Joab HIadadeze r deserted hil   and made
his general, Hadad desired to go back peace with Israel, and becamne servants
to his native land and recover his king- of KiDng David. They abandoned the
dom. In order torecoverit he became Ammonites whom  they ha d helped,
the adversary o-f Solomon. Through and for whol they had fought, aind
the influence of Pharaoh, who parted soon the children of Almmon were COImvery reluctantly with Hladad, he was plctely conquered. 2d Sam. x, and Lst
permitted by Solomon to govern Edomn Chron. xix.
as his deputy. IHe was, however, an
enemy to Israel, and did much mis- HAlDAR-[Hia-dar.]
chief. 1st Kings, xi: 25.               HADAR was a king of Edom who
succeeded Baal-hanan, the so n of
HADAPDEZER on  IHADAREZER-  Achbor.  The capital of his kingdom,
[H-ad-ad-c'zer,]  the beauty of as- was the city of Pau. The namle of
sistacnce.                       the wife and mother-in-law of Hadtar
HI-Te was the son of Itehob, and a very is given, viz: Mehetabel, the daughpowerful king of Syria. H-le is called ter of Matred the daughter of Miezaking of Zobah, which was a kingdom  hab. Gen. xxxvi: 39.
in Syria.  1st Chron. xviii: 3. It has
been thought he was king of all Syria, HADORAM  - [-Ha —do'-raml,] th efr
except the province of Phoncecia. From    beauty? power, pracise.
the account given of him in 2d Samn.   HADORAM, called also JORAN, Twas
viii, we learn, extensive as were his the son of Toi, king of Hamlath, who
dominions, he desired still to extend had been engaged in battle with Hadthem; and in order to do so, he invaded adezer, the king of Syria.  -Ie had
tho dominions of King David.  He carried on wars with him, but probabrought into action a large army, which bly not with the amount of success
the king of Israel amet and conquered. that Davidc had. When David conDavid defeated i-acdadezer's hosts and quered that powerfull Syrian king,
took twenty thousand of them prison- Hadoramn was sent by his father to
ers, seven hundred horsemen with their the king of Israel to congratulate him
horses, and one thousand chariots.    upon his success; and he was the
EIe had enaged in a war with Toi, bearer of presents of silver and gold,
the king of I-ameth, who made him- and brass vessels, which David reself an ally of David; for when that ceived and dedicated to God. 2d
king hiad conquered Iladadezer, Toi Sam. viii: 10; st Chron. xviii.
sent his son to salute himn and bless
himl, tind intimated his joy and sincer- HLAGAR-[Ha'-gar,] a stranger, that
ity by sending David, as presents, ves-    fears.
sels of silver, and gold, and brass.   HAGAI  R was the hand-maiden of
About seven years after this, HIadad- Sarah, and was greatly honored in beezer associated with him  three other ing given unto Abraham to wife; and
Syrian princes, and with the Ammon- still more was she honored in being
ites fought against David again, but made the mother of a child for the
they were defeated. The Syrians fled honored patriarch. Though I-ag ar
and the Ajmmonites followed  them; may have had faults, she surely had
but Hadadezer, being unwilling yet to excellencies. When she was treated
give it up, sent and brought the Syrians hardly by her mistress, she fled from
out in great numbers from beyond the her presence into the wilderness, and
river Euphrates, and they gathered to- there, in solitude and sadness, she
gether for a battle at iHelam.  The wandered until she was weariedl, and,
army of Israel mlet them and fought coming to a fountain of water, she sat
with them, and again defeated them. down to rest and refresh herself'.
They fled before Isra.el, and seven hund- While sitting by that fountain and
red chariots were captured, and the meditating upon the sadness and sormen of the chariots slain, and beside row of her lot, all at once her atten



HAG                 9t881]               iAG
tion was arrested by the angel of the the fountain of water-(for she was
Lord, who, addressing-' her, askedl probably seeking it) —that she had
wVhence she calime, and whither shel named Beer-lahai-roi, where the anwas going.  She answered, without gel of God met her seventeen years
lany equivocation:  "I flee from the before, and spake to her of Ishnmael
faco of lly mistress." T he angel then as the beginning of a mighty nation.
bade her return and submit herself to   As she wandered about in the wilher mistress; at the saeme time  he derness sorrowing, the bread she had
gave her the promise that she should been provided with. failed, and the
be the inother of a nuzbeirless nmulti- wa t e r gave out. Hunger began to
tude.  Without any hesitancy she press her and her son, and their thirst
obeyed the instrrUctions given; and it became extreme.  She saw nothing
is quite probable she believed the but starvation and death for herself
promise o thie alngel a to er offsfpring. and her child, and in their extretmity,
She returned to the tent of Abraham u   jhe bade Ishmael lie down in t -he
and aubmi-led herself to Sarah.      shade of a shrub to die. She desired
The exercises of 1agar's mlind, him to screen himself from the rays
whcn she  sat doiwn to retst by that of' the burning sun, and then sh1'e went
foulntain, and one grn'"C  expression off from him a distance, for ishe  idC::
that she gave, are worthy of record in "I will not sce the child die."  Andc
her histo'ry.  Though she wa-) a fugi- she sat and wept until the fountain of
five from tier cmistCess and all alone tears was almost dried up, and her
in the wilderness,, she said: "Have i heart could no longergather case, overhere also lookeid aftier Hiim that seeth eharged as it was with sorrow, by crying.
mne?  And she called the name of the   In t.his, her greatest extremity, reLord that s;palke unto her, thou God lief came. It may be that the sanme
seest me."                           angel that appeared to her maany years
Aftcr IHagar returned home she re- be:iore when alone, was the angel that
malined seventeen yearN with Sarah. appeared to her now. The angel that
In the meantime she bare a son to camue to her, assueld her that the
obrahaml.  tIsimanel wals his name, voice of the laId was heard, and bade
and afterwaird  Isaac was born, the son her go a.ndc lift him up, and while she
of her liistress. Not lonzg after thlis was in the act of raising the head of
a thrilling scene presents  itself in the her dying child, the promise that haad
history  of Ihlagar. IHer mistress be- been made to her beibre he was born,
camne dissatisfied and determined to was reiterated, viz.  That he should
send her away. She made known her be the beginning of a great nation.
wishes to Abr'aham and he lhad objec- Just at this time the angel showed
tion to it. But Sarah was determined. her a fountain of water. And softly
She said to her husband:        as  t out laying the head ofI hiuael down, she
this bondw;oman and her son, for the went to the fountlain, and filling the
son of the bondcwomaln  shall not be empty bottle, she gave hini a drink,
heir wAit my son, even with Isaac." and he revived. fHagar instructed her
Abr'aham   had his Rmind satisfied on son as he grew up in the religion of
this subject by the divine purpose be- Abraham, and taught him to practice
ng mnadi   known unto him, and lie the virtues of the patriarchal system,
concluded to sendcl her away. Early and we behold this son of Hagar,
the next morning he provided her many years after, though driven from
with bread and a bottle of water, and his father's house when a boy, standsent her vith her son into the wilder- in5 beside the dying Abraham,  minisness. She hdl not traveled far, op- terbg to him in'union with Isaac, the
pressed in spirit as she was, until she child of promise. He harbored no ill
lost her way.                        feeling in his heart toward his father
We can not wonder that she was or his brother. HIagar, his mother,
sacd and sorrowful as she looked upon had no doubt taught him to forgive.
herself without a home, and upon
Ishmael, her son, having been disin- HAGGA1-[[Hag-ga`-i,] feast, solemherited by his father-virtually an        nity.
orphan. Neither do we wonder that  IH AGGI W.Aiwas one of the lesser
she missed her way, and failed to find prophets who flourished after t h e




HAG                 1891             1AM
Babylonian  captivity.  He is sup- who was born in Hebron. 1st Chron.
posed to have been born in Chaldea, iii: 2.
and he was of the sacerdotal race.
Under the edict of Cyrus he returned HAEKKOZ —[Hak'-koz.]
with  Zerubbabel to Jerusalem  to
assist, and encourage in the important   Was one of the priests appointed by
work of rebuilding the temple of the David, when he divided them  into
Lord. He was associated with Zecha- twenty-four orders. HI-s lot was the
riah in prophesyingwhile the builders seventh. 1st Chron. xxiv: 10.
of the temple were engaged. The entire prophecy of Haggai has reference HAM —Hot, brozcsn.
to the temple.  I-He first reproves the   HAM was the youngest son of Noah.
people ior their delay in building it There is a circumstance recorded in 
and remonstrates with t.hem upon the his history when a young man, that is
impropriety of perimitting the temple given as the cause of the curse that
to lie in ruins, while their own habi- was pronounced upon him and his postations were in excellent condition. I terity..Noah, hiis father, was drunk,.
He charges them  boldly with wrong Iand in his state of drunkenness lay
in living in ceiled houses while the uncovered within his tent. Ham saw
house of their God was desolate. He I   him, and treated him in his disgrace,
represents the Divine Being as punish- with levity and contempt.. I-c went
ing themi for this neglect by sending and told his brothers, Shem and Jathem the unfruitful seasons they hadci pieth, of the conchition in which their
experienced.   Haggai earnestly en- fiather was, and they immediately pertreats them at once to enter upon thle formned the part that dutiful children
important labor and not stop until it I were under obligation to peformi to a
was conmpleted, and he cncouragesF father thus in cdigrace. They threw
them by an important prediction re- ma garment over their Ishoulders, a1nd
garding the glory of the latter house:l hurriedly ran backl-wamrcd and covered
" The glory of this latter house shall the nakedness of tleir ifather.  Whcn
exceed that of the formler."   The Noah awoke f1rom his wine and learned
meaning of this prediction was that how he had been treated by I-larm, and
th;c u g     the se-cond temple might the part that his otl er two sons h'ad
be inferior as to its outward appear- i acted, he cursed the former and proance-its external magnificence and rnounced blessings upon the latter.
gia.ndeu', and though it mlight lack This curse, pronounced by Noah upon
the arlk with its sacred deposits and I Ham, was under the spirit of proph —
the holy Shechinah or visible pres- ecy, and it was literally ~ilfilled, if not
ence of Almighty God-yet it shouldc upon the person of Haim, or Canaan
be honored with the presence author- his son, yet upon their descendants,
ity and teaching of- the Savior of called Canaanites. Gen. ix: 20- 5.
malnkind. H-:e told them of terrible   Ham had four sons, viz: Cush, liz
convulsions that should follow; of a raira, Phut and Canaan, and they seem
mighty revolution that should precede to have peopled Africa and a part of
the second coming of the Lord Jesus I Asia. The name of IHam, which sigChrist. [See book of Haggai.]       nifies bzurt, or black7, wvas peculiarly
Isignificant of the regions allotted to
HAGGI —[Hag1-gi.]                   his family.  We learn from 1st Chron.
iv: 40, that part of the race of H1-ani
H1AGCGI was one of the sons of Gad dwelt on the south borders of the tribe
and is numbered with the family of of Simneon.
Jacob who went down into Egypt.   The powerful empires of Assyria
Gen. xlvi: 16. And he was the head and Egypt were founded by the de —
of the family called Haggites. Num. scendants of Ham, and the cities or
xxvi: 15.                           republics of Tyre, Sidon and Carthage'
were noted for their commerce; but
IIAGGITH-[ Hag'-gith,] rejoicing. they were destroyed, and Egypt, as a
mighty kingdom, was subdued, as we
Was a wife of king Dav.id, and the learn from Eze. xxix: 14;  "and they
mother of his fourth son, Adonijah, shall be there, a base kingdom."




HAM                j190]            3IAM
HAMAN-[Ha'-nman,] noise, tunmult, Jews.  Haman accordingly erected a
he that prepares.               gallows, fifty cubits high, and the next
HAMAN was the son of Hammedatha, morning went unto the king to ask the
the Agagite, i. e., a descendant of privilege of hanging Mordecai at once.
Agag, the A&malekite.  Hie was the During the night that Haman was erectprime minister of Ahasuerus, the Per- ing the gallows, God was working with
sian monarch, promoted by his king the feelings of the Persian king, and he
above all the princes of the court. The had determined to honor the Jew Morprinces themselves, with the common decai, who had some time before this
people, bowed the knee at his approach, saved his life when two of his chamberbecause the king had so ordered it. lains plotted against him.
There was one man, who was a Jew,   The king was glad to hear in the
that would not obey the command, viz: morning that Haman had arrived for
Mordecai, the kinsman of Esther, the an audience with him; and as he enqueen. Haman became enraged at this tered his apartment without detailing
refusal to do him homage, and he de- to him the troubles of the night, he
termined to revenge himself on the asked Ilaman, " What shall be done to
whole nation of the Jews, by securing the man whom the king delighteth to
the passage of an edict, that on a cer- honor?"  Haman was glad to hear
tain day they should all be slain through- such a question proposed to him, for it
out the empire. In order to effect his was calculated to impress his mind with
purpose, he represented, on a favorable the favor -of the king towards him, and
occasion for him to do so to king Ahas- the probabilities of the petition, he had
uerus, the people of the Jews as a bur- prepared and was about to make, being
den and a nuisance in his empire, be- granted him. He answered the king,
cause of their peculiar laws and cus- supposing he was to be the favored
toms for which they were exceedingly one: "Let a royal robe be brought,
tenacious; and he begged of the king the apparel of a king, and the horse
that they might be destroyed, while he that the king rideth upon, and let one
proposed, being immensely wealthy, to of the king's noble princes place the
balance the loss of their tribute by giv- favored one appointed, in a king's robe
ing the great sumn of ten thousand tal- upon the horse, and lead the horse
ents of silver into the treasury. His through the streets of the city of Shuking accepted his proposition, and an shan, and proclaim in the hearing of
order went forth under the signet of the the people,'Thus shall it be done to the
empire, to extirpate the Jews. Hamann man whom  the k i n g delighteth to
dispatched letters in the king's name to honor.'"  Haman was then bidden to
all the provinces of the empire, bidding do thus unto Mordecai.
the people to put all the Jews to death   This order, so unexpected, must have
on the thirteenth day of the twelfth fallen upon his ear like a loud clap of
month, and in order to encourage the thunder from  a clear sky.  It must
people to execute this decree, he placed have filled his mind suddenly with forebefore them as a temptation, the effects boclings of coming ill. What! the very
of the Jews, including in many cases man who had been in his way to enjoygreat wealth as prey.               ment for months, and whose refusal to
In the midst of IHaman's seeming honor him had led him not only to
success, Queen Esther invited him to a meditate his death but the death of all
banquet alone with the king. He was the Jews,-this man is to be taken by
lifted up with pride at this honor con- him through the streets of the city and
ferred upon him, but his pride was se- proclaimed the favorite of the king!
verely wounded at the refusal of Morde- But the task was given him, and he
cai, who sat at the king's gate, to do must do it. As soon as he had perhim reverence, and he told Zeresh, his formed the office, stung with grief and
wife, that he could not enjoy himself, mortification, he went to his house and
notwithstanding his honors, while this told his wife and friends the strange
~Jew remained there. She with other and humbling circumstances of that
of his friends advised him to erect a morning. They were astonished, and
gallows, and procure permission of the feared it was an ill omen. They feared
king to have the man hanged before that Haman's favorite project would
the day of general slaughter of the fail-that the Jews that he had plotted




HAM                [191]              HAN
against, after all, would not be destroyed. together, keeping it from their father,
But Haman had been invited that to destroy Shechelm  andcl -lam   for
day to a banquet with the queen. The the offense that had been committed
time arrived, and messengers were sent against their sister. Silmeon and Levi
after him. lHe had been to the ban- executed the plot and slew Harmor
quet the day befibre with a light heart and his son with the men of the city.
and a merry countenance, but this day Gen. xxxiv. [See Shechem.].
he goes with a heavy heart, and, no
doubt, a sad and dejected countenance. H3AMUEL-[E-Ha-mut-el.]
During the banquet, at the earnest re-   A man of Simleon of the family of
quest of the king, Esther mlade known Shaul. 1st Chron. iv:. 26.
her petition. She madle her bold and
magnanimous plea, and in the presence HAMUL —[ia'Lnul] fgodly, mercififl.
of the quailing and trembling Hanman,   He was the son of Pharez, and the
charged his sin upon him. The king grandson of Juclah, and he is numwas angry.  Haman was frightened, bered with the faimily of Jacob who
and plead for his life, but he plead in went down into Egypt to dwell. Gen.
vain, for the king ordered him to be xlvi: 12.
hanged, and he was, upon the very
gallows he had erected on which to ex- HAMUTAL -- E[Ha-nlu'-tal,] shadow
ecute M{ordecai; and  a little while    of his heat, the heat of the dezow.
after his ten sons were also hanged.   She was, the dau.ohter of Jeremiah
[See book of Esther.]               of Libuah, and thoe mother of Jehoahaz, who was the son and successor
HAlAMATH —[Ha'-mathj, anger, heat, of the good King Josiah. 2d Kings,
a wall.                         xxiii: 31.
There was a son of Canaan of this
name whose family is referred to un- HE A N A M E E L - [1Ha-nam'-e-el,]
der the title Hamathite, in Gen. x: 18;  grace or' pity fron, Cod.
also in 1st Chron. i: 16, where the   HAINATMEEL was the son of Shalgenealogy of Noah's family is given.  luin and the cousin of Jeremiah the
prophet. He came to the prophet by
HAMMEDAT3HA - [-Ham-med'- a- divine appointment, and offered him a
thah,] he that troubles the law.    parcel of ground, as his kiinsman. I-e
He was the father of the infamous wished to sell, and the law did not alHaman who sought the destruction low the estate of any  irmily to be
of the Jews. Esther, iii: 1-10.     alienated; and, moreover, the nearest
relative had the right of purchase
HAMM3ELECH -[Haam'-me-lek.]   given him.  When Hanameel apHe was the father of Jerahmeel one proached Jeremiah, he said: "Buy
of the men sent to take Jeremiah and Imy field, I pray thee, that is in AnaBaruch w hen the Lord hid them. thoth, for the right of inheritance is
Jeremiah, xxrxvi: 26.               thine, and the redemption is thine;
buy it for thys6lf."
ItAMMOLEKETH- [lHam-mo'-le-   The price was settled on, which was
keth.]                          s e v e n t e e n shekels of silver, and
She was the daughter of Machir, and weighed out to him; and he, in turn,
the sister of Gilead. 1st Chron. vii: 17. gave Jeremiah a deed to the property
in the presence of witnesses. T h e
hIM 9_ OR, OR EM1n[OR-[Ha'-morj, deed was duplicated, after which it
anl ass, clay, wine.           was closed up in an earthen vessel to
HAMonr, or E~iMon, was the father preserve it from accident, while the
of Shechorn, the man who defiled Di- duplicate was left open for the inspecnah, Jacob's daughter. Hamor was a tion of all concerned. Jeremiah,
EI-ivite and prince of the country. At xxxii: 7-14.
the earnest request of his son, he
communed with Jacob to procure his HANANI, 1 —[Ha-na'ni,] my grace
daughter in marriage for Shechem.      or mnercy.
Jacob permitted his sons to join in  ItANANI was a prophet who went
the conference; and they laid a plot to Asa, king of Judah, and reproved




THAN.               [1921              HAN
him because he hired the Syrians to brake it in pieces. He intended to
help him, when engaged in a war palm off upon the people, this signifiwith Baasha, king of Israel. Baasha cant act as symbolic of his prediction.
had built or fortified Ramah, with a The prophet Jeremiah then received
view of cutting off communication the word of the Lord regarding 1anbetween Israel and Judah. Asa and aniah, which was, that he was a false
the kingdom  of Judah could have prophet, a transgressor of God's law,
succeeded, but he was fearful, a n d and for his wickedness, should die —
hence hired help of another country he shou.cl be cut off in death during
to subdue Israel. The Lord was not that year. It was during the fifth
p 1 e a s e d with him, and sent this month of the year that he prophesied,
prophet to inform him, and moreover and two months after, he died. Jereto let him know that for his sin and miah, xxviii: 17. "So H-ananiah, the
foolishness, henceforth in his reign, prophet, died the same year, in the
he should have wars.  Asa, instead seventh month."
of acknowledging his sin as he should
have done, and humbling himself be- HA N N A H-[HIan-/nah,] gracious,
fore God, and deprecating divine dis-    rnercifid, taking rest.
pleasure, became angry at I-anani, the   HANNAH was the wife of Elkanah, a
prophet, and persecuted him by iiu- devoted servant of God and of the
prisonment. 2d Chron. xvi.          Jewish church, and the mother of
Samuel, the last judge of Israel. The
I-ANANI, 2 —iy grace or mercy.    husband of Hannah went every year to
HANANI was one of the sons of Shiloh where the ark of God was, for
Hemlan, and when the lots were cast, the purpose of celebrating the great
and the singers were divided into national festivals of the Jews. The
twenty-four c o u r s e s the eighteenth temple, or place of public worship, was
lot came to him. 1st Chron. xxv: 25. there. And Hannah, the wife of Elkanah, accompanied him  yearly with a
H A N A N I A, 1-[IHan-a-ni'ah,] portion to sacrifice unto the Lord.
grace or mnercy of the -Lord.     She had been sorely tried by the inHANANIAH was the son of Heman, sinuations of Penninah, another wife of
and when the lots were cast, and the Ellkanah. The actions and expressions
singers were divided into twenty-four of this other wife were provoking to
courses, the sixteenth lot came to him. Hannah. The other wife had sons and
1st Chron. xxv: 23.                 daughters, and she had none. She
was not bound to her husband by the
HANANIAH, 2-Grace or nercy endearing ties of children, and her
of the Lord.                    heart was grieved because of it. She
HANAN:IAHI Was aJ false prophet-  could not hide her grief, even when she
one who prophesied lies in the name went up to the house of the Lord. Her
of the Lord. We hnave an account husband saw it and was troubled, for he
of him and his protested prophecy, in greatly loved her, and had evinced that
Jereliah, xxviii. There we learn love by giving her a "worthy portion"
that I-1ananiah was the son of Azur, year after year. HI-e endeavored to
the prophet. The father and son were comfort and console her in her sorrow
probably priests, as theywere of a sac- by declaring his especial affection for
erdotal city, Gibeon." I-e pretended her.
to be comnaissioned of God to say that   She listened to his declarations and
wi:thin the next two years, the vessels for a time dried up her tears, rose up,
of Jerusalem's temple, that:had been and ate, and drank. But soon her sorca r r i e d away by Nebuchadnezzar, row  returned, and tears were again
should be broug!ht back, and that the coursing down her cheeks. She was
capti[ves in Babylon should -return to weeping in her devotions. And she
the land of Judea. The prophet Jer- legan to tell the Lord the bitterness of
emiah arrays himself in t e a c h i n g her soul in prayer and supplications.
against the false prophet, ancl the peo-   Eli, the priest, was sitting near where
ple heard his words. H-Iananiah then Hannah was praying and he was watchapproached the prophet Jeremiah, and ing her closely; he saw her lips moving,
took the yoke from off his neck, and and concluded she was intoxicated and




I-IAN               [1931               HAN
moade the charge of drtlnkentes s upon The poetry of the prophetic hymn exher. She denied the charge and Yin- eels much Bible poetry even in the simdicated heLself in a delicate yet pointed p)licity of its comllposition, the beauty of'
manner.  " No, lmy lord, I am a woman its style and the piety of its sentimient.
of a sorrowful spirit; I have drank'It is recorded in Ist Samuel, ii. It seems,
neither wine nor strong drink, but have that the inspiring spirit was g i v e na
poured out my soul Lefore the Lord. to her when she made the vow and,
Count not thy hm3ndmaid for a daughter gave up the child, and under the infiuof Belial, for out of the abundance of ence of that inspiration she con!posed'
my complaint and grief have I spoken and probably sang, as she composed it,.
hitherto."  God had heard her prayer, this hymn of praise. I-er song conand the solemn vow she made in her tains important propheeies that were
deep cngagedness  was recorded  in afterwards fulfilled. Her son became a
heaven. Eli was satisfied with her great prophet, as the hym1n represents
vindication, and sent her away with his 11 i m. The judgments of God a  e
benediction.                          prophesied as they were afterwards
A  year after this the husband of poured out upon Israel's enemies.  In it
Hannah went up to Shiloh  aga;in, but John the Baptist, and Christ are foreshe tarried ab homie for seo had charge t o I d; and it is remarkable th'at in her
of a babe who  had  been  named prophecy of the Savior, she is the first
Sanmuel.                              one to give him the title " annointed. "
The vow that she. had taken a year   Hannah continued, after  she 1 had
before, was upon her, " I will give "lent her son unto the Lord," year afhimn unto thle Lord, all the dlays of Lis ter year, to come to Shiloh, as she hbadc
life, and there shall no razor come -upon done before, and she ave, in her annual
his head."  She determined to remrain visits, evidence of her attachment to;
at home with her child untill he was Samuel by presenting him  yearly with,
weanied when 1she would take him to a new coat. The son of H-annah grew
the temnpl, that he might apipear before up and l.ecarle a fnled prophet in
theLord and abide there as long as' he Israel. He lived to a good old age,
lived.   When the child was thlre years thenl died, honocad and lamented by
of age, Haunath accomlpanied her hus- all.
band, bearing little Samuel in her arn.s
in the journey fjrom Mt. Ephraim to  lN-_TNINEL —[LTan'-ni-el.]
Shiloh.  And making an appropriate   HAtNNIEL was the son of Ephod of
saerkece, in company with her husband, the tribe of 3,Manasseh, and was one of'
she presented her child at the house of the princes t-hat assisted Joshua and
the Lord to Eli the priest.  And ad- Eleazer in dividing the land of Canaan
dressing herself to hlim nhe said: " 0, amlong the tribes of Israel. Numbers
mny Lord, as thy soul liveth, 0 Lord, xxxiv: 23.
I aml the woman that stood by thee
here praying for this child. I prayed, LHANOCt T    1-[Ha'-nok,] Cdeicatod.
and the Lorld hath civen ine my petition."  Four years before she was   1-IANOCIt was one of the sons of
compelled to vindicate her own cause, Midian, and a gmandson of Abraham
under a charge alleged against her; now  by Ket-urah. He is referred to, with
she is prepared to explain (and does so) the other sons of Midian, in Gen. xxv:
the subject of her deep devotion at 4. 1His brothers' names are Ephah,,
that time.                            Epher, Abidah and Eldaah.
Faithful to her vow she gave Samuel
into the charge of Eli, and engaged in -HANOGCH, 2-Dedicated.
heartily praising the Lord, while the
aged priest receive- his precious charge,   -IH A N o -C1 Was  the eldest son of'
and aelnowledge the an  and mercy IBt b en, and his namze is given in.
of God in his dealings with his hanc- conuection with  the nlames of his
maiden, and he united his voice with three brothers, Phallu, 1Iezron and
hers in praising, God.                Carmi, in Gen. xlvi: 9.  Here the
Hannah having  dedicated her chiid names of all the grand-children of
unto God, appears before us as a poet- Jacob are given, who went with Jacob
ess and a prophetess of the firs~* classl. and his sonsr into Egypt.
13




XHAN                [194]               HAS
tANUN-[FLa'-nun] gr-cious, mer- in Gen. xi: 27-29, from which we learn
cifdl, he that rests.            that he died in the land of his birth beLHANUN was the son and successo-r fore Terah, his father, died; and he left
of Nahash, kiiing of the Ammonites. behind him two daughters, viz: Iscah
When the  father of Hanun diedl, and Milcah. The latter was married
David for some cause showed kind- to Nahor, her father's brother. And
uess unto him, by s endin g mes- ilaran also left a son, viz: Lot, who
sengers to him to comfort him.  -le wa S provided for by his grand-father,
probably would have received these and became the intimate of Abraham,
expressions kindly but for the coun- and spent several years pleasantly in
sel and i n flu e n c e of some of the his society in the land of Canaan, to
princes of Ammon, who assured Ha- which they went when they left the
nun, their king, that David was not sin- land of their nativity.
cere. That he had no respect, indeed,
{or Nahash his father; but on the con- HAtIlB-[IHa'-rim.n
trary these his servants were spies, and  HIAPxr   was the third in the division
their object was to come in possession of the famnilies of Eleazer and Ithamar,
of knowledge whereby they might suc- made hy David when he formed the
cessfully Iplot the overthrow of the twenty-four courses of priests, and artheir city and kingdom.  Hanlan be- ranged Gor the rest of the sons of Aaroa
lieved his princes and treated the ser- to serwe under them.  1st Chron. xxiv:
vantis of ]David shamefully. Hie cut 8, &c.
off half of the beard of each one and
mutilated their garments, then sent iHARSSHA —[Har'-shah.]
them back to their king. The beard   WVas among the families of the workwas never cut off save in mourning,  mnen who came back with Zerubbabel
or as a sign of Ianvery, and the objeet ifom  Babylon. Ez. ii: 52, and Neh,
of Hanun was to mLake them have the vTii 54.
appearance of slaves. It was a gross
insult to David, and he so regardrd it. HARTUM]I-[Hla'-rum.]
He sent his men word to tarry at Jer-   WTas the fiather of Aharhel, in the
icho until their beards were grown; genealogy of Judah. 1st Chronicles,.
but he looked upon the conduct of iv: 8.
the Ammonites as abominable. The
phrase used to represent David's ab- EHARMUMAPHI-[Ha-ruI-maf.]
horrence of Hanun's conduct is " they   Was an ancestor of Jedaiah.  Nehl..stank before David.'"  Hanun sup- iii' 10.
posed this treatment would  be re-.sented and he prepared at once for a IHARU;-T-[aIaruz.]
war with the Hebrews. He procured   Was a man of Jotbah, who was the
hlelp from the Syrians but ]David de- father of the queen of Manasseh. 2d
feated them in sundry)battles Jand the gings, xxi: 19.
kingdom of the Ammonites was taken
and PRabbah, the capital, was des- HASADI:IIA —[EHaz-a-di'-ah.]
troyed, after besieging it s e v e r a 1   Was one of five persons of the royal
months.  It is supposed that Hanun line of Judah, referred to in 1st Chron.'was killed, and that his brother Shobi iii: 20. They were probably sons of
became a deputy governor of the sub- Zerubbabel.
dued kingdoms under David, who had
subdued it. This person is referred IHASENUAHI -[lHaz —e-nu-ah.]
to in 2d Sam. xvii: 27, 29, as asso-   Was a Benjaminite, one of the chief,ciating himself with MBachir and Bar- families of the tribe. 1st Chronicles,
zillai in furnishing David with pro- ix: 7.,visions at Mahanaim.
HASlHABIAIH, 1 —[Hash-a-bi'-ah.]
II A R A N - Mountainous  country,   Was one of the sons of Jeduthun,
which is enclosed.               and when the lots were cast, and the
HAaAN was the eldest son of Terah, singers were divided into twenty-four
and the brother of Abraham  a n d courses, the twelfth lot came to him.
Nahor. The account of him is given 1st Chron. xxv: 19.




HAS                 [1951               HLAZ
HASHABIAH,   2.                      HATTUSH,   2.
Was the son of Kemuel, and was   HA TTUSI-I was a son of Hlashabmiah,
the ruler of the tribe of Levi. 1st one of -those who assisted Nehemiah in
Chron. xxvii: 17.                    building the walls of Jerusalem.  Nehemiah, iii: 10.
HASHIABNAH —[flash-ab'-nah.]
HASHABNAIt was one of the chiefs of HAVILAI, 1 —[Hav/-i-lah,] that sufthe people, who sealed the covenant    fers'pa;n, bringsforth, declares to
with Nehemiah. Nehemiahl, x: 25.        Jher.
HAVILAH w as the second son of
HASHABNIAH - [Hash-ab-ni/-ah,] Cush, and the grandson of Ham. His
lHASHABNIAI- was a Levite, and was:name occurs in the numbering of the
among those who officiated at the great sons of Cush in Genesis, x: 7. The
fast under Ezra and Neherniah, when land of Havilah was probably peopled
thbe covenant was sealed. Neb. ix: 5. and named by the descendants of Havilah.
IJASHBADANA- [Jlash-badc-a-nah]
HASHBADANA was one of the men IHAVILAH, 2.- That suffers p ain
w h o is represented a s standing on      brings forth, declares to h'er.
Ezra's left hand when he read the law    HAVwLAHu was the son of Joktan, reto the people of Jerusalem. N e h e-  ferred to in the account ofl the posterity
miah, viii: 4.                       of Shenm, in Genesis, x: 29. lHe was
tbhe twelfth son..
HASHUB, 1 —[Hashl-ub.]
HisaHUB was a son of Pahathl-moab, HAZATIAH-[Ha-za'-yab.]
who assisted in the work of repairing  JHAZAIAU was a man of Judahb, of
the wall of Jerusalem. Neh. iii: 11. the family of the Shilonites.  Neheiraalh, xi: 5.
IHASHUB, 2.
HASHnUB was one -of the heads of the H-IAZAEL —[Ha'za-el,] that sees God&
people who sealed the covenant. Ne-  HIAZAEL was a:principal officer of
hemiah, x:.23.                      Benlhadad., the king of Syria, and was
spoken of by the prophet E 1 ijah
HASHUBAIH-[Hlash u-bah.  n d e r the instructions which God
HASHUBAI- was one of the five men gave him, to his successor Elisha, as
referred to in 1st Chronicles, iii: 20, the future king of Syria. We have
probably a part of the family of Zer- the account of the revelation to Eli-.ubbabel.                             jah regarding Hazael, in 1st Kings,
HIASHUM —LHash-unm. 3                  It was several years after Elijah's
HEasIuM was one of tb.e priests, or translation, that Elisha went to the
Levites, who stood on Ezra's left hand, wilderness of Damascus, and Benhawhile he read the law to the congrega- dad, who had heard of his coming,
tion. Nehemiah, viii: 4.             and being sick, he sent his servant
ilazael to the prophet to enquire:of
t:iATACIH-[lHa-'tak,] he that strikes. him whether he would recover of his
sickness.  EHazael made his errand
HATACH was one of the eunuchs in known to Elisha, who told him, that
the court of Ahasuerus. Esther, iv: 5. so far as the danger of the disease was
o n c e r n e d, he might recover-the
HtATTUS, 1 —[Eat'-tush.]             sickness was not mortal, but yet he
was well assured that he would not
IIArTusia was a descendant of the r e c o v er. And looking steadily at
kings of Judah. He is thought to be lHazael for a time, Elisha burst into
one of the sons of Shechaniah.  1st tears. This was strange conduct to
Chronicles, iii: 22. Hle was probably him, and he asked the prophet the
the same person that accompanied Ezra cause of it. Elisha answered, "Befr o m  Eabylon, or that accompanied cause I:know the evil that thou wilt
Zerubbabel.  Ezra, viii: 2;  and Nehe- do to the children of Israel, their
raiah, xii: 2.                       strong'holds vilt thou set on fire, and




HIAZ                [R9]0               l:              -
their young men wilt thou slay with was probably the head of a numerous
the sword, and dash their infants family. Gen. x: 26.
against the stones,. and rip; up their
women with child."                   HlAZELELPONI —  [a'zel-el-po'ni,
Hazael seemed to be struck with        slhaicde, sorrow of the face.
horror, and indignation at this declara-   This name occurs in the second gention. "Is thy servant a dog, that he ealogy of Judah, 1st Chronicles iv: 3.
should do this?" Hazael, it may be-, She was the sister of Jezrecl, Ishma
answered the prophet, that he had no and Iclash.
power to do this, nor inclination, if,
indeed, he had the power. Elishla HAZO.
then informed him that he was to be   HAzo was the son; of Nahor and the
king of Syria, and then he would do grandson-ofTerah.  Gen. xxii: 22.
these things. He returned to Benhadad, and told him a lie. IHe assured  I-EBER, 1 —[He-ber,] one that asshim that he should- recover. But the     es, anger..
next day HazaeI murdered his master   I-EER 3nn was the son of Salalh, who,
by taking a wet cloth,, and spreading' was the grandson of Shem,. and he was
it on his face, and thereby smothering the father of Peleg and Joktan, who
or stifling. him. Hazael occupied a had a. numerous posterity and peopled
very prominent position in the king- the country of Miesopotamia.  Some.
dom and army of Syria, and. ilnzedi-'have tllought th.at Abraham  and his
ately on the death of his -master, who descendants were called Hebrews in.
had no son- to reign after him,.as- honor of Heber. His name occurs in.
cended the throne, and was declared Gen. x: 24, as the son of Salab. In
king of Syria..                      Gen. xi: 16 and 17, we" learn that he,
He soon set himself to work to in- was but thirty-four years old when Peflict upon Israel the very cruelties leg was born, and that. he lived after'
which Elisha had foretold. IHe ray- th-at four hundred and thirty years, and.
aged tile country of Israel beyond'begat sons and daughters.
Jordan, inhabited by Reuben,. Gad,
and Manasseh. He burnt the cities  HEBER, 2 z —One- that passe%, anger.
with fire-dashed their little children  I-iEBER was a IKenite, of the family
to pieces. 2d Kings, x.:.32.         of Jethro, and who lived amonmgst theHe warred with. Israel all the days children of Israel,. or near' them at the
of Jehoahaz, and God delivered'them  time that Jabin, the king of Canaan, opup into- his hand, so that there was pressed them-. It seems from Judges,.
left to king J e h o a h a z but'"fifty iv: 17, that there w-as peace between the
horsemen, ten chariots and ten thou-'king of Canaan and this family, and
sand'footmen; for the king of' Syria that they professed more firiendship for'
destroyed them."  2d Kings, xiii:. 3-7 him. than for- Israel.  Hence, Sisera
and 22.                             ulooled upon her invitation as the result
Hazael laid -siege to Jerusalemz, but of  fiiendship, and went into the tent
J o ash, the king, diverted him  by feeling seculre from  Barak;  who was
large presents, froml his purpose. Ile following after him. Jae!, who killed'
however, did besiege it afterwards,  Siseca, was the wife of Heber, the
and prevailed against it, and destroyed Kenite.
all the princes of the people, and sent
the spoils that lie took, unto the king HEBER, 3 — One that'passes, anger..
of Damascus.  2d Chron. xxiv: 23.   HEBER Was of the family of Beriah,
Upon thle death. of Hazael, Benhadad, of the tribe of' Asher, and the head of'
his son, ieigned. in his stead.  2d the family called the ileberites.  Num.
Kings, xiii: 24.                     xxvi: 45.
HAZARMIA'VETI - [Hay'-zar-may'- 1H E B E1 0 N -   [HIe/-bron,]  society,
veth,] court or dwellThTg of death.  friendship, enchantgnemezt.
fEnrBRON was one of the four sons
HAZARM-ALVETrI was a son of Joktan, of Kohath, the son of Levi.  The
hence a descendant of Shemu. He is Inames of the other three are Anrran,
ranked as the third. son of'thirteen, andcl -Izhar and Uzziel. As Moses, Aaron




IEB                  t'971              HER.and Miriam were the children of Am- son of Zerah, who, in the latter quota-:ram, the brother of Hebron, he'was tion, is called Mahol. If so, this Hetheir uncle. Ex. vi: 18.             man ranked with three:of his brothers among the -wisest of men.  The
IIELAI —[Hle'-lah.]                  wisdom  that God:gave  Solomon is
HEL H:was one of the wives of compared to the'wisdom, of these -men
Ashur, and she was the mother'of his and declared to be superior.'three sons, Zereth and Jezoar.a;nd
Ethnan. 1st Chron. iv: 7.             HEIMIAN, 2-Their trozuble, their tunlzuht, much.
HELDAI- -[Hel-da-i,] tfie world.       HE:,IAN was a son of Joel and a
HEELDAT, the,Netlophathite, was the grandson of Shelmel, and he was a,captain of the twelfth month, when principal singer in the time of King
David instituted the monthly service David. 1st Chron. vi:: 33; xv: 19. He,of captains;over twenty-four thousand was associatedwith Ethan and Asaph.
-men. lstChron. xxvii: 15.            In 1st Chron. xv, he had fourteen
sons, who were the heads of fourteen
HELEB —[He'-leb.]                    families, which constituted fourteen
RJELEB, the son of Baanah, the Ne- classes of the sacred musicians. It is
-tophathite, was one of David's mighty not known certainly whether Heinan.Flmen. 2d Sam. xxiii: 29.            composed:poetry or not —but he is
thoughtl by some to be the author of
1-JELEK --                           the eighty-eighth psalnm.
I-1rLmEX'was.,of.the f mly of Man-;asseh through Gileacd.   Ie was the IE31DA N —'Leac of the Ielekites, an extensive   HEiDAIN -.uas the son.of Dishon
-family Iefirred to in the posterity of and the grandsonof Anah.:Genesis,,Joseph. nul;l. xxvi.: 3Q0.           xxxvi: 26.
IELEZ-                               H EP H Z I          LB A E —[Hef'-zi-bah,] m,1y
HE:LEZ, the Pelonite, was thle cap-    pleasure.'tain of the seventh month, when Da-   WVas the wife ofI Hezekiath and the
-'id  instituted the mzonthly ervice of mother of Manasseh. 2d Kings, xxi::
Ceaptains over twenty-four thousand 1. "And his mother's;nalme was' leph-;men.  1st Chron. Xxvii: 10. lielez, zibah."  The ehurch is called by this
the'Paltite, mapy be the sam-3e:person. name iin Isa. lxii.: 4.'":'Thou' shalt'be
2d Sam. xxiii: 26.                    called IHephlzibah, and thy land Beulah,
for the Lord delighteth in thee, and
HIELI-Ascendirng, cl'imbing IT.      thy land shall be:-married."
I-H I -was -the flather of Mzaray, the'mnother ox our Lord, and his namIe HERMIAS-[1Her'-mas.],oeers in the'genealogy of Christ, as   Was the name of a christian resident
-given by:St. Luke.  Luke iii:.23. at Rome, to whomlSt. Paul:sendsgreetJoseph is there called the son of Heli ings in closing up'his Epistle to the'because he was hiS Son-inl-law, having Homans.  o0im  xvi: 14.
anarried his daughter.
H E R 5M E S-L-Ler'-mes,] mzercury,
_ELON-[He'-lon.    j        -gatCi, repfuge.
HIELON was of the tribe of'Zebu-   Was another christian to whom Paul
lun, and the father:of Eliabi, the prince sends his salutationso.   on. xvi.: 14',who assisted M3oses in numbering the:;tribes,of Israel. Numn. i: 9.     IHERM3OGENES - [Her-mog'-e-les,]
begottevuof JIercumy, of lucre.
IIAEMAN, 1 —[  He-lan,] their tro7uble,
their tumult, mu12ch.'This person is mentioned by St. Paul
HEMAN'was one of the sons of Ze- in his epistle to Timothy.  Many had
arah, the son of Judah.'There-are -five turned away fronm him, and from the,of them  named in Ist Chron. ii: 6. f:ith, and he mentions "Phygellus and
It is likely that the Hemian who is Hermogenes," as two of them.  2d
-mentioned in 1st Kings, iv: 31, is the Tim. i: 15.




HER                t198]               HER
HERO'D, — [Hler'-rod,] the lory qof kingdom of Judea was conferred. upon
the slizn.                       Herod.
Immediately' after his appointment
HEROD is usually styled Herod the he assumed the government, and in
Great. li e was the king of the Sews. about three years he secured possesHis father, Antipater, is thought by sion of the whole country. Jerusalem
sonme to have been a Jew, by others an1 held out against the siege of Herod
Idumlean, who embraced J u d a i s im. nearly' six months, but he finally conOthers think him to have been: a hea- cquered and took Antigonus a prisoner.
then guardian of an idol temple —the of war. lie put him  to death, and
temple of Apollo, at Askelon, and obtained peaceable possession of the
who was captured. by a scouting party kingdoml. Ie put Aristobulus, the
of ]dunmeans, and while in Iduclea was brother of his wife  tfarian1ne, in the
induced to embrace the religion of the office of the high priesthood.  AristoJews.. History informs us that at the bulus being the grandson of H-yrcanus,
early age of twenty- five years, if not was cntitled to the office, probably, and'
indeed earlier, he was appointed by lhe became exceedingly popular and
his father, with the consent of the high m-iuch loved by the Jews.  H-lerod, it is
priest, governor o0f Galilee, and while'thought, was jealous-of him, because
in that office lie distinguished himn- the people loved him, and he ordered
self for valor by the suppression anld'hinm, about a year after, to be thrown
u.tter r i d d a n c e of the country of a into a bath and drowned.
baln d of robbers.. i-e apprehended   Some time after this, an- accusation
and executed Henzekiah, their leader. was lodged against HIerod by CleopaHe had r1eceived no order fronm  his tra to Mark Antony.  Ie was accordsuperiors in the governmuent for this ingly summloned to a n s wv e r to the
purpose, and hence was considered an clharge;. but, before leaving home, lihe
offender against law, and by- sonime of gave a charge to Joseph, whomi he left
his enenizes amonag the Jews he was to govern in h i s absence, regardaccused and brought before the San- ing M3ariamne, his w i fe, to. whoi
bedrim to answer obr his conduct. IHe lihe was devotedly  attached. T li at
succeeded, however, through the inhlu- charge required Joseph to. put her to
ence of his friends, in escaping cen- death in case he was conlvicted of the
sure, but -e went in the niglit to Syria, charge on which he was to, be tried,
and was intrusted by Sextus, the gov- for he was unwilling, in any event, for
ernor, with ntthority in the govern- Marianme to be the wife of any other
ment of Hollow Syria.                man.  -Ie was, however, cleared, and
Herod felt himself aggrieved by the roeturned in credit to his government
Jews, and determnined,. as soon as an in due time.
opportuniy offered, to avenge himself.   -e- found,. on his return, that JosHe accordingly m1arched an armiy, and eph had communicated to Marianine
would have laid siege to the city of the secret he had conmmitted to him,
Jerusalenim, but for the influence of his and he put him to death. Afterward
father and brother, -who succeeded in he put  Iariamnne to death, who was
dissuading him from his purpose.     incensed against him from  the time
Alfter this a hundred principal men that Joseph made known the secret
of t h e Jews brought accusations lto her.
against H1erod and his brother Phasael   After the ruin of Antony, Herod
before Mark Antony. Ilyreanus, the sought and obtained the clemency and
high priest, befriended him, and rep- -favor of Augustus, who continued to,
resented Herod and his brother as heap honors upon him, which he'as
being much better qualified to govern illy prepared to enjoy because of rethe Jews than those men who had morse for the mlurders he had combrought accusations against t h e mn   mitted, especially- that of his wife.
whereupon Antony destroyed the lives   In order to acquire p o p u 1 a r i t y
of several of Herod's adversaries, and auiong the Jews, he set himself to
would havte put them all to death, had work at the vast enterprise of iebuild —
not Herod interfered and pleadc for ing or repairing the temple of Jerusatheir lives. The two, brothers w e re  lem. He thought they would honor
then  appointed  Tetrarchs, and the his attachment to. their religion,. de



HER                 [1991               HER
veloped by so n o b 1 e an enterprise. was not accomplished, for Mary and
He prosecuted the work woith vigor, Joseph with the young child fled into
and finished it in a magnificent style Eoypt
in about a year and a half.'ierod died a nmos.t wretched death,
He placed his two sons, Aristobulus The disease under which he was dying,
and Alexander, at Rome, to be edu- was exceedingly painful and loathsome.
cated, and, after their return, he mar- He tried to commit suicide by plunging
ried them to Bernice and Glaphyra. a dagger into his own body, but was
These two s o n s afterward offended prevented by those that were near him.
himi, and were put to death. And not EHis last acts were acts of cruelty. In
long after this, Antipater, another son the agonies of his last sickness he had
who had instigated him to the murder -fiorty young men burned alive for comof the other two, laid a plot to put mit'ing an offense.  I-e shut the prinHerod to death; but his plot was de- cipal ien of the kingdom  up in the
teeted, and he was imprisoned, and circus and gave orders to have them
afterward, by order of his fathter, put executed the moment he should expire.
to death.                             And from his death-bed he ordered his
rthis cruel king was reigning when so n, who was in prison, executed. He
Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Ju- died about seventy years of age, having
dea. Matt. ii: 1. HIe was in a lan- reigned thirty seven years.  He is said
guishing and troubled state wvhen the to have had eight or ten wives and
wise umen announced the birth of the fifteen children.  Arehelaus, his son,
liessi.ah. l e was exceedingly dis- reigned in Judea in his stead, while
turbed, and the principal Jews with Philip  and  Herod Antipas ruled in
him.  No sooner had Hierod found other parts of his kingdom.  Matt. ii:
out the place of the birth of the Luke iii: 1..Messiah than he resolved to murder
lin while he was yet an infant. He, lEROD 2.-The glory of the sk7in.
therefore, pretended to the wise men   He was Herod Antipas, the son of
to be desirous of worshiping the 1I1es- Herod the Great.  His fGther left him
siah, and charged them, when t hey         tetrarchy of Perea and Galilee.  In
found the young child, to bring hiu this appointment he was confirnued b
word  lrhere he was, and how he might Augustus,  the Roman emperor.  He
know him, so as to do him homage.   set hims"eif to work, at once, in fortifyThe wise inen passId on from Jeru- ing the principal places of' his dominsaleun toward Bethlchemn, with  an ions, and adorning his governmnent.
intention, in all probability, of return- He married the daughter 9f Aretea,
ing the same way and giving to the king of Arabia., from  whomn he was af
king ftle information 1he asked for. terwvards divorced, that he might marry
They -ound the young child, and wor- his sister-in-law, Herodias, the wife of'
shiped him; bu, being warned by an Philip; and it is said his divoiringd the
angel, t hey returned to their own daughter of Aretas, threw him into a
counlty    Lanother way.  He r o d was war with the Arabs. For the unlawful
greatly disappointed and provoked by marriage of HTerod to Herodias, John
the faet of the wise men not returning tfhe Baptist reproved him, on which
to givxe him word. He at once, in his account HIerod imprisoned hin, and
rage, issued an edict to his soldiers, would have killed  him, had he not
requiring them to go to Betbelehem  fGeared an insurrection of the people.
and put all the i al e  children to   While John the Baptist was a prisdeath, from two years old and unde, onr, e, Herod's birthday was celebrated.
that he might make sure of putting Somletime during t h e festivities Sathe Messiah to death.                lome, the daughter of Herodias, dan;eed
it was this cruel work of Herod that before 1-ierod, and pleased him so well,
led to the touching language:  "l1n that he prollmised, with an oath to give,
Ramsa was there a voice heard, lamen- her whatever slie would ask.  Salome.
tation and weeping and great nlourn- being instructed by her mother, who:
ing, Rachel weeping for her children was exceedingly bitter in her feelings.
and would not be comforted because against John, and desired revenge,.
they are not."  But the cruel king was asked of Herod the head of John the
disappointed again, or at least his end Baptist, in a charger.  Hierod, in order




HER                 [200]               HIEZ
to show regard for his word and oath, for when Salome, the daughter of lHeand the persons in whose hearing he rodias, danced before    e r o dl, an dI
had rashly made her the promise of pleased him so well that he promised,
whatever she would ask, sent one of with an oath, to give her whatsoever
his guards, who beheaded J1im in the she would ask, he was troubled. The
prison.  Soon the head was delivered daughter had been instructed before
to her in a charger. lMatthew, xiv: by her mother, to demand the head of
Luke, iii: and Mark, vi.             John the Baptist. Herodias was thus
Pontius Pilate sent our Savior to the murderer of him, of whom  the
Herodl, the king of the Jews.  But Savior said, "there was not a greater
Herod mocked him, dressed hinm as a man born of woman."
king and then returned him to Pilate.  WYe may imagzine tile feeling of the
"' Herod, with his men of war, set him  cruel woman, when her daughter preat nought."  Luke, xxiii: 7-11. He- sented the head to her in a charger.
rodias grew jealous of Agrippa, deputy She, and I-Ierod too, were visited by
king of Judea. and influenced her hus- judgments for this cruel crime. It is
band to solicit that dignity of the Ho- said they were both banished from tfhe
man emperor. Wlhen Agrippa heard land in which they had enjoyed honof his efforts to displace him, he ac- ors, and died at Lyons, in Gaul, in
eused him before the emperor of a plot banishment.
against Tiberius. Agrippa gave, as one
e v i d e n c e of the correctness of his HESED —[-e/-sed.]:charge, the fact that Herod Antipas had   Was the father of one of the officers
seventy thousand stand of arms. Hoe- who were appointed by Solomon to
rod did not attempt to deny it, for he provide victuals for his household.
knew it was true, and could be easily 1st Kings, iv: 10.
proven.  le was convicted of having
these arms in his arsenal.  Caius was 1HETH- Tremnbling, fear.
banished by him at once, to Lyons, in   HETr-I was the ilther of the men,Gaul. The emperor offered to pardon with'whom  Abraham  transacted the
Herodias, and recall her for the sake business of purchasing the field of
of her brother; but she preferred ban- Iachlpelah with its cave, or at least lie
ishment with her husband. H ero d was the father of those from whom the
Antipas and his accomplice, Herodias, company called  "children of Heth,"
i e d in exile. Matthew, xiv: and and "sons of fleth," were descendedl.
Mark, vi.                               Ephron the Hittite was the owner of
the field and cave, but as he dwelt
HEPROD 3. —The glory of the skia.    among the children of Heth and AbraHEROD, who was usually styled, He- harn, had no special acquaintance with
rod Agrippa.  [See Agrippa.]          him. He asked the children of Heth
to agfree with him for a price, and he
HERODIAS-[He-ro-di'as.] thie wi:fe would pay it. They accordingly did so,
of I-erod.                       and mnade the field and cave sure unto
HERODIAS was the wife of Herodcl, Abrabham for a possession of a burying
the Tetrarch of Galilee, who procured, place, for four hundred shekels of silthrough the request of her daughter, ver, and there Abraham buried Sarah.
the death of John the Baptist. Matt. Gen. xxiii.
xiv: 3. "For HIerod had laid hold
on John, and put him in prison, for H E Z E K I A H -  [Hez-e-ki'-ah,]
Herodias' sake, his brother Philip's    strong in (the Lord.
wife.' John the Baptist r e p r o v e d
Herod for marrying her, for in doing   H-IEZEKITAI was the son of Ahaz, a:so he had violated law, she having an- king of Judah, he was twenty-five
other husband.  Heorodias was angry years old when he succeeded his fa-,at John, and had induced her husband ther in the kingdom and the length of
to imprison him, and tried to have his  reign was twenty-nine years.
him carry his persecution still further. Ahaz left the kingdom in a very bad
It is likely he would at once, had he condition for he had plunged it into
-not feared the people. But lie seemed idolatry.  The circumstances under
to have a degree of reverence for John, which iHezekiah began his reign were




IIEZ                [S2011              HEZ
very unpropitious. I-Te set himself at'amount was paid he proposed to leave
at once to the work of reforMliig the the country with his army.  Hezekingdom. In the first month, in the kiah set himself about raising this
first year of his reign, lie caused the sum, but in order to do it he was coinprincipal doors of the house of the i polled to exhaust his own treasuries,
Lord to be opened and rep.ired.  I-i  and pull off the golden platcs with
ordered tile priests and Levites to which he had addorned the doors of
purify the temple, to sanctify the the temple.
honor of the Lord God of their fa-   When the Assyrian found tha t
thers, and carry forth the filthiness Hezekiahl was disqualified for war he
out of the holy place -repair the violated his obligation to leave the
th e altars and offer sacrifice.  2d country, and sent three of his principal
Chron. xxix. After this was done he officers to Hezekiah to demnand his
and his princes dedicated the cleansed  surrender of the c i t y.  Hezekiah
temple to God, and offered sacrifices. Isent three of his men to answer the
He then ordered the Feast of the demand. The conversation was very
Passover to be observed —not at the unsatisfactory and indeed the words
usual tihe, for the tenliple was not clean of Sennacherib's officers were blaspheuntil the second month.  It was ob- 1ous.  They were shocked, and reserved probably  a nmonth  after the Lturned and reported to their nmaster.
usual or proper time.  He dcid not Heezekiah relzed thlatli he was in great
confine these exercises in and about  extremity.  Hie sent to the prophet
the temple to his own people, but he I Isaiah, and besouight him. to intercede
invited those of the kingdol i of Israel' with God in their behalf.  By the
who were in his Lingdom to join them I prophet he was assurled that the Assyin the celebration.  Some of them ic rian army should be quickly ruined.
did, and others rlic'culed.is devot;on The words of the prophet were fuland would not join in it. The Feast filled. Sennacherib was not allowed to
of the Passover vias obsc-ved with come against the city, or so much as
more solemnity than it had been for shoot an arrow in the direction of it;
many ages, and Hezekiahi took a more and we are informed, in 2d Kings, xix:
actise part in the cerenmonies and de- 35, that the angel of the Lord went
votions than was the custom  of the forth that night and in the camp of
kings. 2d Kings, xviii: xix.         Sennacherib slew one hundred  and
11 ezek iah b roke dowen the idol- eightly-five thousand of his warriors,
atrous altars and idols throughougho    his and lie fled to his own country to redominions, and also the dominions of port the sad disaster.
Hoshea, who took no offense  at thoe   About this time Elezekiah fell danefforts this refiorner made to bring gerously ill of an ulcer, it is thought.
even Israel back a.gain to the true  lhesaered historian strongly intimates
worship of the living God. Hezekiah t lI a t the heart of Hezekiah was imappropriated mcans for the ma-inten- properly elevated on account of the
ance of the priests and Levites.     deliverance God had wrought out for
He refused to -bear tle yolice that I him and his people, and this was the
the Assyrians lad placed upon the cause of his sickness "unltO death."
neck of his people in the days of his i saiah was sent to the king with the
father Ahaz.  -lie would not pay tri- solemna message: "Set thy house in
bute; which brought on him an inv-a-  order, for thou shalt die and not live."
sion by Sennacheri b, of which invasion It was a solemn communication, and
a particular account is given in Isa. Hezekiah had recourse to God in earnxxxvi.  Sennacherib took most of est prayer and supplication for his reHezekiah's fenced cities and en- covery. God heard his prayer, and
vironed the city of Jerusalem. After determined to prolong his life. The
besieging it for awnile, the king begged prophet had scarcely left the threshold
of Sennacherib terlms of peace. The of the king's house after delivering
Assyrians demanded three hundred his message, until the L o r d   o m -
talents of silver and thirty talents of inandeld him  to return to Hezekiah
gold-amounting pr-.obably to one mil- and tell him, " Thus saith the Lord, I
lion seven hundred and clfty-five thous- have heard thy prayer, and I lhave
and dollars, and on condition that this i seen thy tears. I will heal thee."




HIEZ                [202]               HEL
lezekiah was informed t h a t h e twenty-four orders.  His lot was the
should go up to the house of the Lord seventueenth. 1st Chron. xxiv: 15.
in three dlays from that time, and that
he should live fifteen years more. HIle HEZRAI-[clez-i-'i.]
was ordered to apply a lump of dry figs   The Carmelite, was one of 3David's
to the ulcer in order to his recovery, mighty men. 2d Sam. xxiii: 35.
and was informed that the Assyrians
should not capture the city. In addi- H E Z R 0 N —[1ez'ron,] the dart of
tion to all this, the Lord gave him a    joy, division of the song.
sign of the certainty of the events.   HEzz ON,  and his brother H-Iamul,
"The sun went back ten degrees upon were the sons of Pharez, the son'of
the suln-dial ofAhaz." In -accordance Judah, and are numbered with the
with the prediction of the prophet, grandchildren of Ja cob, when his
Hezekialh was able, in three days, to itamily went down into Egypt to sowalk to the temple.                   jour. It has been tho ugh h t that
Ater his recovery he composed a lPharez was not more than ten years
hunin of thanksgiving, an-d an account of age when lie went with his father,
of- his temper of- mind in his trouble. and grandfather into Egypt. If this
Ee vas very much'1 ehated by the mir- be so, we must consider that fHezron
acles which hbad been wrought in his and Halnul were born unto Pharez,
fiavor, but did not properly thank and during the time that Jacob sojourned
praise God, who had so wonde-rCn lly in Egypt, which was about seventeen
blessed hlin. rs a. xxxviii:  10-11. years, and it may be that they are
When Merodach1-bhaladan, the son mentioned because of the importance
of Baeadan, the kin gi of Babylon, sent, of Judclh's family in the families of
messengers to Ic zex-iah to congratu- the p'atriarchs. Plaxrez was in the
late hiun upon his recovery, eolated with line of the Messiall.
th;e honor thus conferrepd upon hi'm by
the king of a       Iowerful empire, he made H31DDA_ —[Hidclda-i,1 prase, cry.
a pompous Cisplay of his treasures,   HII)DdAI was  one o-f David's mighty
spices, and rich vessels, to the nmessen- men, and is said to have dwelt by the
gers. He took them all through the brooks, or in the valley of Gaash.
palace buildclings, and showed them all 2c Sam. xsiii:` k
the treasures of Israel.
In this the pride of Hezekiah was IlEL-E[Hi'-!,]1 the life of God.
gratified, but the Lord was displeased   HIEL, the Bethelite.  Be assisted in
With him. He sent.  Tsaalm to the king rebuilding Jericho in the dcays of Ahab,
to inormn him of his displeasur e, and King of Israel. It is said of him in
also to tell him that the time was com- building the city and its walls: "he
ig when all the treasures of Ismel, of laid the foundation thereof in Abiram,
whichl he had vainly boasted as he his first-born, and set up the gates thereshowed them to the messengers, should of in his youngest son Segub, according
belong to the King of Babylon, and to the word of the Lord, which he spake
that his own offspring should b carried by Joshua the Son of Nun."  1st
captives and serve as eunuchs in that Kings xvi: 34. The meaning of which
foreign palace. Isa. xxxix. Hezekiah probably is, his first-born son died when
saw his wrong and confessed it, and he began the work, and his youngest son
acknowledged the divine mercy to him, died  before or about the time he
in promising truth and peace through- finished it.
out the remainder of his reign.  Hoe
accordingly passed in tranquilitv his HILKIAI, 1-[il-ki'-ah,] God is
last years, and was in a. good doegee     my portion, thle Lord's gent eness.
prosperous in his kingdom. l anasseh,   Was of the tribe of Levi, and in the
his son, succeeded him. 2   Chron. line of the priests from Aaron to the
xxxii: 32.                           captivity.  Ist Chron. vi: 13.
HEsZf- [1Ie'zer.]                        ELIFAIX, 2 —GCoc is my porti.<,
the Lorcds cendtenes&
Was one of the priests appointed by   Was the son-o-' eosah, and one of the
David when he divided them  into sacred porters. lstChronicles, xxvi: 11.




iLHIL              r-2O3]               I-IHR
HILLEL —[HIl'-le',] pTs ising, folly, king Solomon. Hiram was made acLucefer.                         quainted with the draft prepared by
Is called a Pirathonite, lie was the the Almighty architect for the temple,
father of Abdon, one of the judges of and entered joyfully upon the work
Israel. Judges, xii: 13.              of preparing the materials  for tfr1
magnificent structure.  IHe received
HIRgAH — [Hi'-rah.]                  f-rom SO 1 o0 i  n every year, twenty
HIRAIH was a Canasanite, of the city thousand measures of wheat for food
of Adcullam, who became intimate for his household, and twenty iceaswith Judah, the son of -acob. He ures of pure oil. They were engaged.
p r o b a b 1 y had some influence over seven and-a-half years in b uil ii L 11 g
Judah in the mat-ter of his malrriage the temple, and twelve and-a-half in
to Shuah, the Caananitish  wom0an. erecting Solomon's own house. And
When a death occurred in the family Solomon gave Hirain in return for his
of Judah, in the daughter of Shuah, cedar trees, and fir trees, and gold,
his wife, he mourned as was the cus- and for the attention andassistance he
tom of the times; and at the end of had given in person, and the labor and
his mourning was comn-orted, and in skill of his servants, twenty cities in
company witl EHiralh, the Adclla mite, the land of Galilee. Whether these
he went up unto his sheep-shearers. were heathen cities which Solomon
This person is called Judah's friend, hlad conqu-lere  and had -a right to give
anc  he wals sent by Judah to Tamar, away, or whether they were cities o-f
his daughter-in-law, to redeerm the Israel that were gven to H-iraml until
pledge hc had le-t wit.h her-" his siI- such time as the revenue from theim
nc, and bracelets, and staffi.'  Gen. would repay the king of Tyre, we
xxxviii.                             know not.  3ut we learn that Hiram
was not pleased, for some cause, to
HIRAM, 1-[li'-ram,] excltation of take the'm and restore them to Solo;life, their whiteness, 7ie that de- muon, and he satisfied Hiiram in some
stroys.                          other way, probably by a direet tax,
InimAx  was a king of Tyre, 1ecame which was burdensome for years to
a friend of David immediately after the people. And this tax may be the
his accession to the throne of Israel. thing that the elders of Israel conmI-Ie sent messenger  to congratulate plained of to Rehoboanh Solomon's
him, and also sent hinm cedar trees, successor. 1st Kings, xii: 3-. "Thy
and carpenters and maaons —experi- father made our yoke grievious; now,
enced worklmen-to build D a v d a therefore, make thou the grievious serhouse. 2d Sam. v: 11. He probably vice of thy father, and his heavy yoke
continued the fri e an d of David all which he put upon us lighter, and we
through his reign, and is the same will serve thee."  It is quite certain
p e r s o n who congratulated Solomon that an intimacy existed b e t w   e en
as the successor of David, and becanme the t two  lings, and was kept up for
more intimiate with him than le had many years, if not as long as both
been with his fat lhe r. Hiram fur- lived.
nished Solomon withll timber, stone
and worknmen, for the temple and Sol- ITIP-BAM, 2.-Exalitatiom of life, theaT
omaon's house, the house of the forests  whiteness, he that destroys.
at Lebanon, and the house for Pha-   HInrAM  was an artificer who lived in
roah's daughter, his wife.  He lent Tyre. His father before hiinl had lived
Solonmon one hundred and tw e n t y there, and was a worker in brass, gold,
talents of gold, and he assisted him  silver, iron, stones and tilmber. Hie
in establishing a trade with the people was a worker in blue, purple, and fine
of Ophir.                            linen, and an engraver. 2d Chronicles,
We ju-Ldge from  the account given in ii: 14. Hiram's father was dead, but
1st Kings, v and ix, that Hiram en- he was engaged in the same occupagaged with Solomon to render him all tion, and with his skill and labor, was
the assistance needed, if in his power, supporting a widowed mother. This
and he was glad of an opportunity Hiram was an Israelite.  It is thought
of associating himself in so good a his father was of the tribe of Naphtali,
work with so good and great a man as and his mother a descendant of the




11HR1               [2041                HOD
tribe of Dan.  In lst Kings, vii: 14, same person as Hobab mentioned in
lhe is said to be of the tribe of Naph- Nuln. x: 29. He visited Moses as he,
tali, and in 2d Chronices, ii: 14, his with the children of Israel, was about to:nother i3 said to be of the tribe of leave Mt. Sinai, after having been enDan.                                   camped there  over eleven  months.
Solomon sent and brouglht this artifi- Moses addresses himself to Hobab, saycer out of Tvyre and associated hini with ing, "Come thou with us, and we will
liimself, in the building and adorning do thee good, for the Lord hath spoken
of their teple. -e IT was eceedingly good concerning Israel."  It seems that
skillful in designing ard executing the H-obab had brought Zipporah and the
most curious and nme gnificent workmn n- two sons of!Moses with him to visit her
ship,  especially in the ametals that husband and father and the camlp of
were used to construct the pillars with Israel. This visit is narrated at length
their ornaments, the sea-lavers, shovels, in Ex. xviii. How long HLobab stayed
basins,, and other utensils of the tern- with MIoses we know not, but his visit
pIe. From  the description given of was continued  for some  time.  He
the two pillars which IHiram made antd  witnessed the working of the acdminisset up in the porch, one of which he tration and governmient of Israel, and
named Jachin, and the other Boaz, gave AMoses advice so that his labors
we lmust conclude tlley were an exhibit might be made lighter. Mloses followed
of wonderful sa ill in workmaanship. this advice, and chose heads of the
See 1st King'as, Vii: 15-22,           people, rulers of thousands, rulers of
Nor les.s skillful was the work pre- hundreds, rulers of fifties and rulers of
sented in the molten sea, which lie 1nade tens. This influence that the Midiantocontaintwo thousand baths and placed itc prince aad priest had over MBoses,
upon twelve oxen —verses, 23 —26. And was comnplained of by Aaron and Miri9le mlade ten bases, four cubits long, four am, who were aftermards reproved, and
cubits wide and three cubits high, and Mliriam was severely punished, by being
ornamented them beautifully.  He also made leprous for seven days.
nade ten lavers to contain f}orty baths,   Hobat did not accept the invitation
that were set upon the ten bases he had of 3Moses to go with hirl and with,made and adorned.  These, with other Israel, but "he went his wav into his
things, he cast in his foundry, estab- own land."' Ex. xviii: 27. It is said,
lished in the plains of Jordan between in Nuni. x: 30, Hobab  " said unto
Succoth and Zarthan, and brought to him, F will not go, but I will depart
the temple and placed in their order and unto mine own land, andl to my kindposition, and used in accordance with red."  And yet it is thought he did
the design of the Great Architect.    aftemrwards return fronm  Midian, and
identified himself wtIh thle children of
l-IOBAB-[1Ho'-bab.] favored and be- Israel; for it is said in Judges, i: 16,
loved                            that the Kenites, the descendants of
Moses' father-in-law, dwelt in the City
HOBtA was, the son of R u e 1, the of Palum Trees antd united themselves
brother of Zippiorah, and hence, the with the tribe of Judah  in an attack
brother-in-law of Mloses. It is suppos- upon1 Arad. And in Judges, iv: 11,
ed that Rencl or Rtaguel was dead at Ieber, the Kenite, whose wife slew
the time that the Lord appeared to Siscra, the general of Jabin's narny, was
Moses in the burning bush, and corn- of the children of Hobab. And the
missioned hiim to emancipate his down- remarkable people called Rechabites, of
trodden countryiunen; and that Jethro. whoni we have such an' interesting acthe son of Reuel, had succeeded his count in Jer. xxxv, alre said to be
father in the office of prince and priest children of Hemath the Kenite  or the
of    iclian.  As  loses had  served headof the Kenites. 1st Chron. ii: 55.
Reuel in his lifetinie, so now he was
serving Jethro tile son, as a shepherd. H-IODESH.
It is said, " Now Mtoses kept the flock
of Jethro, his father-in-law, the priest   HoDEsarwas the wife of Shaharaim,
of Midian."  It is;thoughlt the trans- who with  Hushimn, another of his
lation should have been  " brother-in- wives, was the mother of a numerous
law. " If this be true, then Jethro is the progeny. 1st Chron. viii: 9.




HOD                 [S05]              HOP
H3ODIA —[I-od-i'-ah.]                sons of Manasseh, where their inheri1iODIAi is represented as the sis- tance was given them, and where it
ter of Naham and the daughter of remained, that being the tribe of the
Mered and Bithiah.  This name oc- family of their father.
curs with the account of the relationship in the genealogy of Judah. 1st H110 IAM-[EHo'-ham.j
Chron. iv: 19.                         -OEHAAr  was the king of -lebron.
When Adonizedek, king of Jeruisalel
IIOGLA1-i-[Hog'-lah,] his festival, found that the inhabitants of Gicdeon
his dancce.                      had made peace with the Hebrews, he
HOGLAII, was one of the daugh- sent unto IHoham, and unto Pirare,
ters of Zelophehad, who was a man of king of Jarmuth,'and unto JeaphiLia
1anassah, and' died for his own sins, king of Lachish, and unto Debbr, king
and had no sons."  Nuim. xxvii: 3. of Eglon, asking them  to come up
There wvere five daughters who camne to and help him to smite Gibeon. They'iose- and Eleazar, the priest, with a aecordingly did so; but thie men of
plea that demanded an additional law  Gibeon procured Joshua's help, and
in their civil code: "Give unto us tl e Amnorite kings were smitten, and
therefobre, a possession amon g the their  armies, with  great slaughter.
brethren of our father."  Their rea- Josh. x: 1-10.
son for malking the demand is given
thus: " Our father died in the wilder- HOPHUNI —[Hof'-ni,] ae that covers,
ness and he was not in the company of    m.l fist.
them that gathered themselves toge-   1-OPIINI was one of the sons of Eli,
ther against the Lord, in the company the priest, of whom we have an acof Korah; but died in his own sins, count in Ist Samuel, i: 2,. I-e and:
and had no sons. Why should the name his brother Phineas were priests of
of our father be done away frol  among the Lord, with Eli, their faither, at
his family, because he hath no son?" Shiloh. Holphni and his brother were,
The case was a new one to Moses, and perverse and w-icked mel.  They are
he brought it before the Lord.  The said to be sors of'el    that isr they
Lord gave him to understand that their were profligate menl-childen of the
request was a reasonable one, and that devil. They were ungodly themlselves
their demand 1must be met.  "' Thou and because of the influence they exshalt surely give thezn a possession of oerted as priests, were the cause of
an inheritance among their father's mulch ungodliness among the people.
brethren, and thou  shalt cause the We are almost shocked at their coninheritance of their fathers to  pass duct as set forth in lst Stam. ii:  17, 17,
unto them.'"                         and 22.  It appears that the people
lMoses accordingly deternmined that were satisfied that they were destitute
their request should be granted.  And of piety, nay muore, that they were
then he determines that heiresses shall constantly committing sacrilege, showmarry in their own tribe, that no part ing that they had no regard for God,
or the ancient inheritance be alienated or his service. They even comrniutted,
from the family.  The daughters of under -tle most aggravatig  ircrmnZelophehad are commanded to marry, stances, the si  of adultery withl the
lmaLing choice of companions in their women who were employed about the
own tribe. Num. xxxvi: 6.            tabernacle, or who cam1e Vlthere with
This law was simply to aiffe ct the their sacrifices.
heiress.  " Every daughter that  pot-   Eli itheir fa th e r, complained of
sesseth an inheritance in any tribe of their conlduct, and charged t-heir sin
the childreu of Israel, shall be wifei uponi theem; but he reproved them so
unto one of the family of tlhm  tribe of mildly, tbhat we can hardly suppose'
her father, that the children of Israel such hard-hearted and villainous men
may enjoy, every man, the inheritance were troubled in thelir consciences by
of his fathers."  Tum. xxxvi: 8. Wc   that reproof. It was not long after
are further informed regarding these  Eli talked t1hus to H oopllhni and
daughters of Zelophehad, that they Phineas, until a prophet of the Lord
were married unto their father's bro- whose name is not given, camie to the
ther's sons, into the families of the aged priest, aucd told him of the end




HOP                [206] osS
of the priesthood in the family to   The prophet lived in the kingdom
which he belongedl, and that because of Samaria, and prophesied there;
of the w i c k e d n e s s of his sons, it but he delivered some prophecies re-.should go back again into the family garding the kingdom of Judah. He
of Eleazar, the eldest son of Aaron. prophesied about sixty years, and was
The prophet told him that an enemy one of the oldest prophets whose writshould invade the country, and that ings are left for our perusal. From
his two sons should be slain in one the first chapter in the book we learn
day.                                that the Lord commissioned him to
Shortly after this, the Lord directed show Israel their exceeding sinfulthe child Samuel to reiterate these ness, and the hatefulness of theil sins
things in the ears of Eli. Soon the in His sight; and his marriage, under
Philistines invaded the country, and the divine direction, to a woman of
Israel made war with them, and the ill fame, was intended to set forth
arkl of God was taken along with the their wickedness and folly. He mararmy, probably in charge of Hophni ried Gomer, the daughter of Diblaim,
and Phineas. The battle grew hot, and she bare two sons, Jezreel and
and of Israel were smitten by their Loammzi, and one daughter, Loru.
enemies, thirty thousand footmen, and hamah.
while these two corrupt priests were   It is thought that Hosea witnessed
guarding or defending the ark, it was the captivity, already rferr e d to,
taken, and they were slain.  Thus brought about by Tilgath Pilneser,
was the prophecy fulfilled, " thy two and endured with his father some insons, Hophni and Phineeas, shall be conveniences fro m  it; and that he
slain both in one day."             also witnessed the destruction that
was brought upon Samaria, by ShalHO~RI, 1-E[Ho'-ri.]                 maneset.
HotRI was the son of Lotan, and the   The p r i n c i p a I prophecies in the
grandson of Seir, the Horite. Gen. book of Hosea, are the captivity of
xxxvi: 22.                         Israel, and their return at the end of
their captivity. [See viii and x.]  He
HORI, 2.                            also declares, regarcding the people of
Was of the tribe of Simeon, and Judah, that though they should rethe father of Shaphat, who was the main for some tine after the captivity
spy selected by Moses from that tribe. of Israel in their country, yet they
Num. xiii: 5.                       also should be carried captives beyond
the river Euphrates, but should be
HOSAH-[Ho'sah.]                     brought back after a certain number of
iV3as one of the sacred porters, and years.  [See i: 10 and 11.]
was associated with Shuppim, another   The prophecies of Hosea are more
sacred porter, in keeping the west- obscure than the writings of succeedward gate. 1st Chron. xxvi: 16.     ing prophets, yet it must be said there
is much to admire in the force and
HOSEA —[ho-ze'-ah,] savion          energy of the prophet, and the boldness with which he denounces sin.
HOSEA was the son of Beeri. He The figures and similitudes he uses
was the first of the lesser prophets, are very striking.
and he prophesied in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, HOSHEA, 1 —[Ho-shea,] savior.
kings of Judah, and in the days of   HosEl-A, the son of Azaziah, was
Jeroboam, the son of Joash, king of the ruler in the tribe of Ephraim, in
Israel. His father is said to have the time of David.  1st JChronicles
been of the town of Belemoth, in the xxvii: 20.
tribe of Issachar; but he was probably of the tribe of Reuben, and is HOSHEA, 2-Savior.
the person called, in 1st Chron. v: 6,  IIOSHEA, the son of Elah, murdered
Beerah, who was a prince of that Pekah, the son of Remaliahb a king of
tribe, and was carried by Tilgath-Pil- Israel, and after a struggle of several
neser, with others of Israel, into cap- years civil war, he succeeded in settling
tivity.                             himself on the throne of Israel, which




H10S               [207]               HUL
was his intention when he committed given her the spirit of prophecy, to
the murder. 2d Kings, xv: 30; and give instruction upon the copy of
xvii: 1.                             the law and the testimony that had
Hoshea was less wicked than many of been found by Hilkiah, the high priest.
his predecessors, though he himself did The book had been handed by Hilkiah
evil in the sight of the Lord. It could to Shaphan the scribe, and he presenthardly be expected that one coming to ed it to the king.  Josiah was astonishthe throne as he did, and meeting with edl at the contents of the book, as it
the opposition from the elders of Israel, was read to him by the scribe. He
that he met with, would be virtuous commanded Hilkiah the high priest
and good.                            with others to enquire of the Lord coneI-I allowed such of his subjects as cerning the words " of this book that
desired it, to go to Jerusalem and wor- is found," and they did so. 2d Kings,
ship the Lord. His predecessors had xxii: 14. "So Hilkiah the priest, and
bforbidden that, and had the road lead- Ahikam ncd Shaphanand Asahiah went
ing to Jerusalem guarded to prevent it. unto Huldah  the prophetess."  She
He entered into a conspiracy with So, received them, and under the spirit of
the king' of Egypt, to throw  off the inspiration she gave the meaning of
yoke of Assyria, to which his kingdom  the contents of the book in the followhad been subject for many years. Slhal- ing language: "Thus saith the Lord
menczer being informed of Hoslea's in- God of Israel, tell the men that sent
tention to revolt, and of the plans and you to me: Thus saith the Lord God:
measures he had concerted with the Behold I will bring evil upon this place,
king of Egypt, marched against him  and upon the inhabitants thereof, even
with an Assyrian army and besieged all the words of the book which the
Samaria, the capital of his kingdom. king of Judah hath read."  She then
The war continued three or four years, goes on to give the reason why God will
and he took the fenced cities and re- do this:  They had gone into idolatry,
duced the city to ruins, captured HEo- aud their God was angry with them.
shea, the king, and killed him. In the She then instructed them to say unto
most barbarous and cruel manner, Shal- the king, that though desolation and a
inanezer killed the women and children, curse was before the people, yet that
and removed the Israelites to countries desolation and curse should not come
beyond the Euphrates, and thus ended on them  in his day, because he had
the kingdom of the ten tribes.       humbled himself before the Lord, had
rent his clothes and wept. Hle should
IIOTHIR-[HIo'-thir.'I               therefore close his days in peace and not
HoTrHI  was one of the sons of He- see the evil that should be brought
man, and when the lots were cast, and upon the people and Jerusalem.
the singers were divided into twenty-   What this book was that gave the
four courses, the one-and-twentieth lot king so much trouble, and that Huldah
came to him. 1st Chronicles, xxv: 28. was inspired to interpret, we cannot certainly tell, but it is quite likely it was a
HIUL, or CHUL —4firvity, bringing manuscript copy of the words by Moses,
forth children.                  which had been deposited in the taberHIUL, or CIUL, was the son of Aram, nacle. The reason why we may conand the grandson of Shem.  He is re- elude it was prepared by Moses, is found
ferred to in Genesis, x: 23, and it is in the parallel passage.  2d Chron.
supposed that his descendants peopled xxxiv: 14. "Hilkiah, the priest, found
a part of Armenia. Some of his de- a book of the law of the Lord given by
scendants, it is thought, resided in the Moses."  Some supposed it was the
desert of Syria, near to Tadmor, where renewing of the covenant in the plains
once stood a city called Cholle, named, of Moab, recorded in the the book of
possibly, after Hul, or Chul.       Deuteronomy, which contains the most
terrible invectives against the corruptHULDATI —[I1ul-dah,] the world, a ing of the words and worship of God.
prophetess.                        It seems quite strange that Htuldab, a
HULDAII  was a prophetess and the prophetess, should be applied to for
vife of Shalluiu. She was applied to light in this matter when the prophet
under the direction of God, who had J e r e mn i a h  was then  living  in




EUL                 [2081.HUS
Israel, and was dwelling in all proba- to  It. Sinai to talk with God, and
bility at that time at Anathoth and receive the decalogue, not knowing
could have been  consulted  readily. how long he would be gone, he apZephaniah was also prophes.ying during pointed Aaron and Hlur to act in his
the reign of this king, but he was not place in  governing. the people and
applied to in this case. A woman was settling disputed questions a mong
the honored instrument in the hands, of thei until his return. Ex. xxiv: 14.
God, of giving the needed information.
Andlfurther, it is a woman of whom we HUrB, 2-Liberty, whiteness, cavern.
know nothing, save what we learn in   HuR was the father of one of the
this circumstance.                   officers who were appointed by King
An eminent author, Dr. Priestly Solomon  to provide victualls for his
says:  " It pleased God to distinguish household. 1st Kings, iv: 8.
several women with the spirit of prophecy as well as other great attainments, HURAIT-[Hu'-ra.]
to show that in his sight, and especially   One of David's body guard.  1st
in things of a spiritual nature, there is Chron. xi: 32.
no essential pre-eminence in the male
sex."                                HURAM, 1.
HUua   I was a Benjamite, the firstHUPIIHAI1 —[I-u'-famn.]              born son of Bela. 1st Chron. viii: 5.
HIUPI-I.- was of the tribe of Benjamin and the head of the family in HURAMid, 2.
that tribe, called the Huphamites.  lIs the' same as Hirami, King of
Numbers, xxvi: 39.  IHe is probably Tyre, and so Hirainm the artificer is
the same as Huppim one of the sons called Huram.  See lst Chron. xiv:
of Benjamin, who is numbered with 1; 2d Chron. ii: 11, 13.
Jacob's family in Egypt. Gen. xlvi:
21.                                  HURI.
HunrI was a Gadite, and the father
HUPPA1i.                             of Abihail.  1st Chron. v: 14.
HUPPAI-I was one of the priests appointed by David when hle divided HIUSHTA! — [Hul-sha,] their haste,
them into twenty-fbour orders. 1His lot  sensrzality or silence.
was the thirteenth.  1st Chron. xxiv:   HuSTHAi, the Archite, was a trusty
12.:friend and counsellor of king David,.
who rendered him  inmpor-tant service
HUB, 1 —2Liberty, whiteness, cavern.  during the rebellion of Absalom. When
Hluu was the son of Caleb and the Absalom conspired against his father,
grandson of Hezron.   H-le was the he gained Ahithophel over to his cause,
son of Caleb by his wifi Ephrath. 1st and when David learned fully of the
Chron. ii: 19. lie is thought by some conspiracy, and of Ahithophel, his
to have been the husband of Miriam, counsellor, deserting  him  and joining
and if she was ever married, possibly in the rebellion, he, with his life-guard
he vas. He was the father of Uri, and friends, fled firom the city to go to
and the grandfather of the famous the wilderness. As be was going up
workman, Bezaleel.  Hur was inti- the mlountain, probably Mount Olivet,
mately associated with Aaron, and engaged in earnest prayer that the
when Israel entered into an engage- counsel of Ahithophel might be turned
ment at Rephadim with the Amale- into tbolishness, Hushai, the Archite,
kites, Hur was engaged with Aaron mlet him, and was deeply affected by
on the mountain side, holding up the the calamity which had befallen David,
hands of Moses. So important was "he rent; his coat and put earth upon
their work here that faithfulness on his head," andcl he expressed a desire
their part seemed under God to be the to identifjy himself with David and his
pivot on which the interest of the na- interests-probably he expressed a wish
tion tmuned. If they held up Moses' to become a warrior.  As he was not
hands Israel prevailed, but if they skilled in war, David lmade an objeelet his hand fall Amalek prevailed. tion to his going with him, but apEx. xvii.  And when  Moses went up pointed him, as he was a wise and dis



IIUS                [-0s2] 0IB9E
creet man, to the important work of de- son of Jacob, and is recloned with the
tecting the enemy's plans so that they children and grandchildren of Jacob in
might be thwarted.  He accordingly Gen. xlvi: 23. HIe was the only son
entered into a strict confederacy with of Dan. All the other sons, of the paZadok and Abiathar, the priests, and triarch had more children in Egypt;
engaged their sons to act as couriers be- than he had.
tween Jerusalem and David's camp.
HIushai went into Jerusalem, and HUSIIIM, 2.
meeting Absalom who had just entered   Was one of the wives of Shaharaim,.
the city, he proposed to serve him as who was sent off, or put away, but
he had served David. his father. Ab- afterwards re-married. She was the
salom seemed to be somewhat suspicious mother of Ahitub and Elpaal. 1st
at first, but his fears were all relieved, Chron. viii: 8.
we judge, by the words of Hushai to
him, and he secured the full confidence HIUZ.
of Absalom. For after Ahithophel had   Was the son of Nahor and MileMia.
counseled Absalom, with twelve thou- He was the eldest and is mentioned in:
sand men, to follow his father, Absa- connection with Buz, Kemnlel, Chesed,
lonm would not, until he had counseled Hazo, Pildash, Jidlaph and Bethuel,
Hushai, and his counsel was against the who were all sons of Nahor by Milcah.
counsel of the former. It was so plans- Gen. xxii: 21, 22.
ible, and there seemed to be so much
wisdom in it, that Absalom forsook the HIUZZAB -[H uz'-zab,J moltesn.
counsel of Ahithophel, and followed   Who is referred to in Nab. ii: 7, is
that of Hushai. As soon as he found supposed to have been the queen to the
that Absalomn would follow his counsel, king of Nineveh. The city was to be
probably, he informed the priests who destroyed and her king taken, and Iluz —
were confederated with him, how he had zab, with her maidens, was to be led,
counseled, and also how Ahithophel away captive.
had counseled. He bade them  send
David word at once by Jonathan and -HYM E NE U S — [Ey-men-1e'-us,j
Ahimaaz, who had secreted themselves     nmptial, qarriage.
at Enrogel. They accordingly did so,
and these two sons of the priests suC-  HJYrIEnrUs was once a christian.
ceeded in bearing the intelligence to He was probably a native of Ephesus,
David, who followed their instruction, and converted to christianity through.
and that night crossed the Jordan, and the labors of Paul. He had faith and
encamped at Mahanaimn. The counsel a good conscience for a while, but
of H-Iushai thus given and followed by made s h i p w r e e k thereof and in —
Absalom, gave David more time for dulged, we may judge, in grievous
flight, and preparations for defense, sins and gross errors. Paul refers to
andc so was the means of saving his life. him in his epistles to Timothy, and to
2d Sam. xv and xvi.                  his backsliding and to his being ex —'It is thought that Baanah, who was communicated from  the church. 1st
a deputy governor of king Solomon, Timothy, i: 20. We have an account
was the son of this Hushai, as Hushai of this sa m e person in connection
was the name of Baanah's father.  1st with Philetus. 2d Tim. ii: 17, where:
KLings, iv: 16.                      he is represented as teaching new and
dangerous doctrine.  Their words are
HUSHIAM-[HIush'-am.]                 said, "to eat as doth a canker," theyReigned as a King of Edom, and were denying the doctrine of the resthe successor of Jobab. Gen. xxxvi: iurrection from  the dead, and over34. He is said to be of the land of throwing the faith of some.
Temani. At his death he was succeeded in the kingdom by Hadad, the son of I[BHAR —I:b'-har,] election, he that,
Bedad, who smote Midian in the fielld  L is chosen.
of Moab.                               IiHARn is mentioned in 2d Samuel,
v: 15, as also 1st Chronicles, iii: 6, as,
HUSHIM, 1-[H-l'-shim.]               one of David's sonm, born unto him in;
Was the son of Dan, and the grand- J erusatlem.
14




IBJ                [210]                IMM
IBRII.                               he prophesied against Jeroboam may
IBRI was one of the ministers in the be correct. Josephus with other histemple under the order of service in- torians are of opinion that he was the
stituted in the time of David.  1st prophet that was sent to Jeroboam
Chron. xxiv: 27.                     while he was at Bethel dedicating an
altar to the golden calves he had
IBZAN.                               made, and who spoke in warning
IBZAN was of the tribe of Judah, against the altar in Bethel, and against
and of the city of Bethlehem, a judge all the high places and houses of the
of Israel. He was the successor of high places in the city of Samaria.
Jeptha, and served his people in the If this be the same person, then he
capacity of judge seven years.  -Ice was killed by a lion and buried under
had sixty children, thirty of t hem  the direction of the old prophet of
were sons, and thirty daughters, all Bethel, and a place reserved in the'of whom he lived to see in a r r i e d. sepulcher for his own form after death,
We have nothing further regarding beside him. See 1st Kings, xiii.
him recorded, save that hle died, and
was buried in his own city, Bethle- IGAL-[I'-gal.]
hem. Judges xii: 8-10.                 IaAL belonged to the tribe of Issachar, and was selected  by Moses as
IJCHABOD-[Ik'-a-bod,] where is the one of the twelve spies to search out
glory?                           and examine the nature and state of'
ICHABOD was the son of Phineas, the land of Canaan. Num. xiii: 7.
the son of Eli.  Hle and his brother
were very wicked and desecrated the I G D A L I A H-.-[Ig-da-li'-ah,] the
priest's office in the most abominable   greatness of' the Lord.
manner, on account of which, the   IGDALIAI1 was a prophet or holy'
priestly office in the family of Ithamar, man, called " the man of God."  Jer.
ended, and was transferred back again xxxv: 4. He is only named the once,
to the family of Aaron's eldest son, and is said to be the father of Hanan.
Eleazar.
Ichabod was not born until after his IGEAL-[Ig-e'-al.]
father fell in battle, and as his mother   IGEAL was a son of Shemaiah, and.gave birth to him under the distressing a descendant of the royal line of Juintelligence that her husband and fath- dah. 1st Chron. iii: 22.,er-in-law were dead, and that the ark,of God was taken, she named him Ich- IKKESH.
abod, which signifies, "where is the   J FICKESH was the father of Ira the:
glory? or there is no glory; or the glory Tekoite. 2d Sam. xxiii: 26.
is departed from Israel,"   1st Samuel,
iv: 19-22.                           ILA-[I'-la.]
ILAI was a warrior of David, and&
IDDO, 1 —[Id-do,] his hand, power, one of his body guard.  1st Chron.
praise, witness.                 xi: 29.
IDDO, the son of Zechariah, was the
ruler in the half tribe of Mannasseh, in IMLAH — [Im'-lah,] plentitude, rethe time of David.  1st Chronicles,      pletion, circumcision.
xxvii: 21.                              IMLAR was the father or progenitor
of Micaiah the prophet.  1st Kings,
IDDO, 2-His hand, power, praise, xxii: 8.
witness.
IDDO was a prophet of the kingdom  I MM A N U E L-[Im-man'-u-el,] a
of Judah, who prophesied in the times    nqame given  to our Lord Jesus
of Rehoboam and Abijah. He is said        Christ, signziying God is with us..
to have written the acts of lRehoboamn
in 2d Chron. xii: 15; the acts and   IMMANUEL a name given by the
ways and sayings of Abijah, in 2d prophet Isaiah to him who shall be
Chron, xiii: 22.  We have nothing born of a virgin. Is-a. vii: 14.  And
particular marked out in the life of it is applied by Matthew to the Mesthis prophet, and the supposition that siah. Matt. i: 23..




IMM                 i[211]              ISA
IM nME R.                            IPRAM-[I'-ram.
ITMMER was one of the priests ap-   IRAMn was of the family of Esau, and:pointed by David when he divided one of the dukes of Edom.. He is menthem into twenty-four orders.  His tioned in connection with ten others in
lot was the sixteenth. 1st Chronicles, Gen. xxxvi: 40-43.  They were per-:xxiv: 14.                            sons, it is supposed, that were chiefs in
their respective families, and were;govIMNA.                                ernors over the districts of country setHe was a descendant of Asher, and tled by their faimilies.
was the son of Hielam, of that tribe.
1st Chron. vii:: 35.                  ISAAC-[I'zak,] latghter.
ISAAC was the child of promise
IMNAH, 1.                             b or n unto Abraham  and Sarah in
ie was the first-born son of Asher. their old age.  Lis birthwas pro.mised
1st Chron. vii: -30.                 by an angel of the Lord. Gen. xviii:10-12.
IIMNAH, 2.                              He was educated in the religion,of
He was a Levite, who -assisted in the his feather —his training was of the
-reform of king Eezekiah. 2d Chron. purest -kind. God saicd of Abraham,.xxxi: 14.'"I  know him that he will command
his children and his household after
IMNRAII-A. rebe-, changing.          him."  Sarah, the  vife of the patriHI-e was a dclescendant of Asher, of arch, and the mother of Isaac, was
the family of Zophah.  1st Chron. vii: strongly bound to himn-she loved hil
38.                                   with true maternal affection; andcl no
wonder, for:he was her only son, and
DIM-RT, 1.                            given to her when she was very far
He was- a man of Judahk belonging to advanced in life. At an early period
tihe extensive family of Pharez.  1st of life, Isaac was the object of the con-'Chron. ix: 4.                        temp-t of Ishmael, the son of Hagar,
th:e bondwoman. When Sarah saw
IMRIg, 2.                            Ishmael mocking or making himself
He was the:father or progenitor of merry by ridiculing Isaac, she said to
ZaCCur. Neh. iii: 2..                 her husband, "cast out this bondwomnan and her son, for the son of this
IPHEDETAHE-[If-e-di/-ah,] the re- bondwoman shall not be heir with my
demption of the Lord.           -son, even with Isaac. Gen. xxi: 10;
Gal. iv: 30. The desire on the part
A  descendant *of Benjamin, and a of Sarah thus expressed, was that
man of great importance among themn. H-agar might be divorced-that some
ISee 1st Chron. viii: 25.             legal act might be performed by which
Ishmael might be excluded from all
IRA,  1 —[I-rah,] city, oatch, spoil, claim  on the inheritarnce, and Isaac
heap of visioln.                 be the sole heir.  This requisition
He was an Ithrite; one of David's was painful to Abraham, for Ishmael,
mighty men. 2d Sam. xxiii' 38.       for seventeen years, had been the object of his paternal love, and he had
IRA, 2 —City, woatch, spoil, theap of trained him up to the service of that
vision.                          God who had promised that his seed
The son of Ikkesh, the Tekoite, was ishould be innumerable. God allayed
the captain for thb sixth month, when the fears and anxieties of Abraham
David instituted the monthly service in this matter by answering him that,:of captains over twenty-four thousand "in'Isaac, his seed should be called.",men. -st Chron. xxvii: 9.              When Isaac grew up, and had arrived at a state of maturity or manlIRAD- WFild ass, heap of descents, of hood, he was called upon to give a
empire.                          striking prooff -f his entire devotion
He was the son of Enoch, and the to God. Abraham  was commanded,.grandson of 1Cain, and the father of to offer up his beloved son insacrifice.
MiehPjael. Gen. iv: 18.               Gen. xxii: 1.  Abraham's faith was




ISA                 [2.121.             ISA
teset-e d, and provedT genuihe, f6r he people,"' and Isaac and Ishmael unite&d
drew back the knife and would have in carrying his mortal remains to the
slain Isaac, had he not been stopped. cave and placedeit beside those of Sarah,.
But turning from- the father and his so that whatever jealousies and contenact to the son, we; see something to tions existed before between those two
admire.  There is an expression of sons of Abraham, they lhad now
faith and dutiful obedience, hardly ceased. Gen. xxv: 21. God renewed
equalled, not to say surpassed, by any the promise unto Isaac that had before
act, on, record, save the actual sacrifice  been imade unto Abraham, to make his
of the Lord Jesus Christ, "who was seed very numerous.  Soon- two sons
led as a la3mb to the slaughter, and as -were' born unto Isaac concerning whonm
a sheep before' her shearers, is dumb,'the divine purpose regarding the posso, he opened not his mouth."  Hle terity was made known unto- the par —
submitted without any resistance, to ents,  "the  elder shall serve t h e
be bound by his honored parent, and younger."  Jacob anl  Esau becamela-id upon- the altar with his body ex- the heads of mighty nations the
posed to the glistening knife raised to:Israelites and Edomites.
destroy-him.                            A  second famine visited the land of
LHe was about f6rty years of age  Canaan and Isaac' went with his family
when Sarah, his mother, died, and he -to dwell' in Gerar, and while he dwelt,
sorrowed greatly on the- occasion of there as his father had done before him,
her- death.  He- no- doubt attended hel denied his wife saying, "She is my'
with his father, the burial of Sarah in sister."  In' ti'e case of Abraham  it
the: cave of Machpelah.               was literally true, but it was not true inShortly after" the death of' Sarah, the case of Isaac, f6r the relation thatANbraham sent Eliezer to the land of Rebekah sustained to him previous to
Mesopotamia to procure fromr among their marriage, was that of cousin,
his kindred, a wife for Isaac. Guided while Sarah was the- daughter of the
by the- hand of Piovidence, the s-er- same father with Abraham, though not.
vant of Abraham went to — Nahor, and of the same mother.  It is quite likely
in. the family of Bethuel, who was that Isaac considered himself in some
Abraham's nephew, procured  h, i s sort justifiable for these words spoken"
son a wife in the person of the beauti- with an intention to deceive, since he
ful Rebekah.                          supposed his life would be periled by'
Eliezer immediately returned home his claiming the relation he really suswith the naiden- of Nahor under his tained to the, beautiful- ilebekah.
charge, and- as he- came nearlhis masters   When Isaac became old, and his sight
tent lsaa;: was walking in the- fields en- failed, so that lihe could not distinguish
gaged as was his custom, in meditation, -one of his sons from the other,. for he
And as he lifted: up his eyes, he- saw  was then one hundred and thirty-seven.
the camels coming. Eliezer and his years of age, he desired to receive
company were returning- from- Abra- savory meat at the hands of his eldest
ham's former country. About the time son, and pronounce the- blessings of
that Isaae saw the train, and his eyes primogeniture.  But Jacob  deceived'
lighted upon Rebekah, she also saw him and craftily obtained Esau's blessIsaac and asked who- he- was; she was ing, and although this supplanting oninformed that it was herfuture husband, the part of Jacob proved the occasion
whenl she at once lighted off the camel of a break between the brothers, andon which she rode, and quickly veiled brouglt about a separation which conherself as a sign of chastity, modesty.tinued for many years, yet-the brothers.
and subjection. Isaac at once took "were afterwards reconciled, and' they
charge of her and brought her into the united incomforting their father in his
tent that had formerly been occupied last days, and-when le died, they joined'
by Sarah his mother. And Isaac took in filial affection to.peform the last sadRebekah to be his wife and loved her. office for their- amiable, and truly pious
It was not long after this until Abra- father. Gen. xxvii and xxv.. Thoughl
ham died and Isaac is seen performing Isaac may not have been in many rethe last tribute of respect due the spects as remarkable a man as was
honored dead from the living. Abra- Abra-Abraha  his father, or Jacob his son,
ham  died; and' "w-as. gathered to his - yet he was as virtuous and pious-minded..




ISA   1]T213]                            ISO.as either of them, tand as free from  in his behalf.  He afterward comforted
-faults.                              the kinm.  But when the messengers
of Balaclen were received by the king,
ISAIAH, on ESATAS-[I-za'-yah.] and honored by being shown the treasthe salvation, of the Lord.       ures of Israel, and the magnificence of
ISAIAIH was the son of Amoz.  HI-  I-Hezkiah's palaces, Isaiah went to the
prophesied in the days of -U z-z i a h, king and reproved bhim; he also proph-Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of esied regarding the future kimgdom and
Judah.  Isaiah, i: i. It has been sup- fam i l y of Hezekiah. See chapters,
poased that he was of royal blood, being xxxviii: xxxix.
nearly related to Uzziah, in whose reign   The  prophet is represented as going:he began the prophetic  orik.         barefoot and almost naked, for nearly
The first five chapters of Isaiah, are three years, to prefigure the distressed
-snpposed to have been written in Uz- condition of two countries under the
-ziah's life-time, and the sixth shortly Assyrian yoke, viz: Egypt and Ethioafter his death.  That ceapter contains pia. Isaiah, xx.  He is supposed to
an imlportant vision of the Redeemer have prophesied forty-five, and some
-and his kingdom, given to the prophet think sixty years and probably was put
in the year of Uzziah's death. The to death.
edcleemer is represented as attended    Isaiah was uniformly spoken of in
-and piraised by seraphs, angels and the scriptures as a prophet of great
ministers.  Isaiah is humbled by the honor and dignity. He is called by
-glorious vision and bewails his own un- s o m e writers, the prince of.all the
worthiness and loathsomeness.  In the prophets.  ei has also been denominamidst of his self-abasement, a seraph ted the evangelical prophet, because of
few towards him, having a live coal, the number andc variety of his prophewhich lihe had taken wit0h the tongs, cies regarding the person., character,
-from off the altar, and laid it on his -mninistry, teaching and mniracles, With
moutth, thereby symlbolizing the prepa- the sufferings and death of Messiah;
-ration to prealch and to teach. Realiz- and also,'because of his prophecies re-ing the qualification he had received, garrling the kingdom  of Christ.  He
-lie at once -offered himself for the work. ha-s been said to be the most eloquent
"' Here am I, send ime."  In his labors of all the prophets.  There is fire and
-as a prophet, he faithfulll  declared the energy, and purity in -his language and
-divine will unto those to whom he mrin- expressions, and his writings are sub-istered.                              lime poetry:, almost without any exile had two sons, the name of the ception.:first was -Shear. Jashub, and the name   His wife is styled a p r o p h e t e s s,
-of the second was Maher-shalal-hash- though her nale -is not -given. Isaiah,
baz.  When God sent him  to meet viii-: 3.
Ahaz, he bade lhimtake the first'namled   There is a tradition extant regarding
son with hiln, and tell him, among Isaiah, that he wrote other books; one.other things, that'Syria, and the ten regarding the reign and a c ti o.n  of
tribes should be without a king, and Uzziab, referred to in 2d Chronicles
-assured him that the circumstances that xxv'i 22,; and also, that he wrote a
-should produce the event, should take boolk called the "asceension of Isaiah."
place in a short time, even before the It is also, reported that he was buried
-child should come to years of discretion. near Jerusalem, under the Fuller's oak,
EHe also assured the Jews that before not far from  the pool of Siloam,  and
his second son, Maher-shalal-hashbaz, that his body was afterwards removed
should learn to talk, or be able to cry, to a point near the source of the Jor"my father, or my imother," the king- dan-; and later, was removed to Condonis of Syria and Samaria should be stantinople. But of these things we
utterly ruined by the Assyrians, and have no evidence, nor are they of any
that the kingdom of Judah itself, great importance.
should also be brought to the very brink
-of ruin.  See Isaiah, vii and viii.  ISCAH-[Is'-cah,] he that anoints, or
When king Hezekiah -was sick, Isaiah    covers.
was moved by his request to pray for   ISCAIT- is referred to in G-en. xi: 29,
him, to petition the -God of the Jews as the daughter of Haran.  Some have




ISC                [ 214               1B1
supposed that shfie was the same person interests- to  David.  He conferred`
as Sarah, the wife of Abraham, but with David by messengers, and also in
this cannot be so, since Iscali is ex- person. But David would not allow'
pressly said to be the daughter of Hla- Abner to see him  until he brought
ran, while Sarah was the daughter oF I Michal Saul's daughter,. and his own
Terah, and the half-sister of Abraham, legitimate wife to him.. He accord —
before she became his wife.          inglymnade the demand of'Ishbosheth,.
who sent and took her from. Phaltiel,
ISCARIOT-[Is-kar/-ri-ot,]; isthouzght the son of Laish, and lhad her conto signifjC a native of' tlze town of' veyed to David at Hebron..  Abner'
IscariotLh.                      then engaged to bring all Israel over
Jucdas, one of the twelve. He be- to David, but he was murdered by'
traved Christ for thirty pieces of silver.. Joab the general of his army:
This is his surnameo. [See Judas Is-   Ishbosheth was not aware of the:
eariot.]                              designs of Abner as to his govern —
ment,. and was deeply affected by his
IS1BAK - TEmpty, forsakenz,, aban,- dlea th.  IHe lost his courage,. his:
doned.                           hancs were feeble and all the israelIHe was one of the sons of Abal;lam, ites were troubled'."'shbosheth was:
by Keturab, and is referred to in Gen. a -very feeble prince, and hadc but few
xxsv: 2.                             of the cqualities requisite for a sue —
cessful sovereign.  In the sorrow that
EISHBIBENOB-[Ish'-bi-be'-nob,] he pressed him. he went into his chamber'
that sits: inl tlhe prolhecy;  conver- about noon, to rest and to sleep; there
sion.'    were two of his captains who were
SI-IBIBENOR. was a Philistine of the brothers, that had plotted his deatlh
race of' the gitnts.. 2d Sam. xxi:. 16, -aand' they' entered his bed chamber
17. We learni that his spear weighed stealthily and  murdered him, then
three hundred shekels.  He had' a new made their escape, with the' head of'
sword girded upon his thigh, which in the mnurdered. kiing to David, who was
size and weight answered to the spear. at Hebron.. Baanah andt' Rechab who.
Equipped with these- weapons, he went! had performed this cruel act, sup-.
forth to slay David, andc was on the posed that David would laudl them for
point of effecting this purpose and ecad, q their conduct, and honor them with a
when Abishai, the son of Zeruiah cane higher position in his army-than they'
to David, helped hinm and slnote the had occupied in. the army of Ishbo-.
Philistine giant,, and so succored' and sheth; but in this they were' mistasaved the king.                      ken, for no sooner- had they reported
their deed to David, than he accused.
ISEBOSH ETH,-[Ish'-bo-sheth,].a them of being guilty of a'great crime.
mnaan of shamue.                 They had murdcerel  an. innocent man
ISHBOSHuETuI was the soin of King iii his own house; and on his own bedl
Saul, and his successor on the: throne while to, his face they- had pretended.
of Israel.. Abner the chief general to be his friends. David ordered his:
of Saul made Ishbosheth. king'-over young-nmen to put them to death, and
the tribes of Israel, except the tribe they did at once, cutting off' theirof Judah, which clave to David.. And hands and their feet a —nd he ordered
Ishbosheth reigned in peace' for' two their bodies to be hung up over theyears, when Abner drew- on a war' pool of Hebron, and the; head of Ishwith the kingdom of David. It was bosheth to be honorably buried in the'
not a general conflict, but was made tomb of the fallen Abner.  See 2ed
up, of skirmishes between parties of Sam. iii:.
thle soldiers of Islibosheth and David..   With the death. of Ishbosheth the"
I[shbosheth gave- offence to Abner' authority- and rule in Israel, of the:
by accusing: him of improper conduct house of Saul failed.
with 1Pizpah his father's second wife.
Abner became enraged at the charge, ISHI, 1-['I/-shi.]
and deserted him.  IHe began to set   A man of the descendants of Judah,,
on foot a plan for transferring the and belonging to the extensive family
kingdom  of Ishbosheth with all its of Hezrono. 1st Chron. ii:. 31l




ISH31, 2.                              At length Ishmael m a r r i e d an
He was a head of a family in the Egyptian woman, under the direction
tribe of Simeon.  1st C@hron. iv: 42.   of his amother, and became the head
of a numerous family. I-Ie had twelve
ISHI, 3.                             sons who were all heads of extensive
Hle was the head of a family in the Arabian. tribes, and thus the predictribe of Manasseh, on the east of the tion was fulfilled, made bv the angel
Jordan.  1st Chron. v: 24.           to Hagar at the well, and also to
A b r a h a n, regarding Ishimael's deIS-IIAH —[I-shi-/ah.h                 scenclants.
ISIIAII was the fifth son of Izra-   He had also a daughter called Mahiah, and one of the heads of the tribe halath or Bashemath, who became
of Issachar in the time of David. 1st the wife of E s a u.  Gen. xxi and
Chron. vii,: A.                       xxviii: 9.
Although Ishmlael wav-s disinherited,
ISFIJAFEI-[{1-shi'-jah.]             yet he seems afterwards to be associIseIrJAII was an Israelite retrmed ated with snac,  if, in nothing else, in
fromn the captivity, who had married a burying' their f'ther; for when Abraforeign wife. Ez. x: 31.              hamn was "galthered to his people,"
Isaac and Ishmael, his sons buried
ISHIA&.                               him in the cave of 31achpelah. Gen.
A man named in the genealogy of xxv: 9. This shows that the son of
Judah's tribe. 1st Chron. iv: 3.      Hagar had a regard for Abraham,
notwithstanding the seeiming hardness
ISIHrMAEL, 1 —[Ish/ma-el,] CGdwho of being disinherited by Abraham.
hears.                           The posterity of Ishmael are called
ISHMAEL was the son of Abraham, ishmaelites, and took up their abode
by Hagar, the handmaid of Sarah, between Havilah and Shur. Havilah
who was given to the patriarch to was situatel- near the confluence of
wife.                                the Tigris and Euphrates, and Shur
He was about thirteen years of age, was on the Isthmus which separates
when Isaac was born; but when Isaac Arabia from Egypt, and hence we may
was four or five years of age, his suppose that they possessed nearly
nmo-ther saw Ishmael, the son of Ha- all Of Arabia. Josephus styles Islhga1, mocking hin or indulging in some mael the founder of the Arabian nakind of ridicule of her son, and she tion.  Gen. xxv: 17-18. I s h m a e 
determined to send JHagar, with her died at the age of one hundred and
son, away. At first, Abralham  was thirty-seven years, surrounded by his
unwilling to meet Sarah's wishes in friends, andc in the presence of his
this respeet, but by a revelation fromn  brethren.
God, he was required to grant her request.                                I S 1-  A E L, 2 —[Ish-ma'-el,] God
Abraham disinherited Ishmael, and     cwho hears.
dismissed him, with his mother, from    ISHBMA;LL was one of the royal famnthe family, though he provided them  ilies of Judah. He  was the son of
with bread and water for their journey Nethaniah, and was sent by Batllis, the
into the wilderness. It was not long king of the Ammonites, to n u  d e r
until the bread gave out, and the wa- Gedaliah, th9 deputy governor of the
ter was spent in the bottle. She  ielt Jews, who were left in Canaan after
that she was in extremity, and with the captivity.  Gedaliah was filling,
her son, was about to resign herself that office under the direction of Nebto death from starvation and thirst, uchadnezzar.  H-le was unwilling to,
when Gocd miraculously supplied her believe the report made to him. of the
with water, and with it she refreshed intention of Ishmael to kill him.  -le:
herself and her dying boy.           was admitted, with several others, by
Ishmael and his mother  took up the unsuspecting governor, into his
their residence in the wilderness of presence, and to the enjoyment of a
Patran, and he procured for himself repast with him. No sooner was an.
and mother a living by shooting —" he opportunity  afforded, than Ishmael
became an archer."                   rose up with the men that were with




ISil               [216]                IS8
him in the plot, and smote Gedallah,; ISTMAC6tAHI —   [Is-ma-ki'-ah.]
ancld  e added to the murder of this   Isr-Mc&ICAI-IA  was one of those who
Iman, the lurder of other Jews, and were engaged in Hezekiah's reform,
also the Chaildeans, who were associ- and is referred to-with several others
ated with Gedaliah. A great nunmber in 2d Chron. xxxi.  HI-e was an overwere slain thus, and cast by Ishmuael seer.
into a pit; anld  e took a great many
captives, and started With them on a IS.AEL-[Is'-ra-el,] Ca, pr9ince oVith
march to the country of AmLmon, as        God, prcvailing qvldob God, that
captives taken in war. But Johanan,      worestleth with z7    od.
the eon of Kareah, hearing wlhalt he   This was a name given to Jacob by
had done, gathered a cmipany of war- the angel of the covenant when he
riors and pursued after Ishmnael, and wrestled with him all night, even unOveitcaking him, he retook the captives til tho break of day at Peniel. Gen.
Vand recovered the spoils, and would xxxii: 28. " Thy name shall be calleod
have taken lshmael and his accom- no more Jacob, but Israel; for as a
plices had he not fled with them to the prince hast thou power with God and
country of the Ammonites. Jer. xl. with man, and hast prevailed."  See
and xli.                             Jacob.
While the descendants of Abraham
ISH3 AIAI-I —[Ish-ma-i'-ah.]         are called  Hebrews, because they
came fromi  the other side of the
Was a son of Obadiah, the ruler of Euphrates into Canaan; they were
the tribe of Zebulon, in the time of afterwards called Israelites from their
David. 1st Chron. xxvii: 19.         progenitor Israel, as afterwards they
were called Jews, fronm  Judah a son
1S1-:igERAI —[Ish'-me-ra.]           of Jacob fromn whose loins the MIessiah was to come, and whose tribe was
Was a Benjamite, and one of the the most important of all the tribes.
family of Elpaal. 1st Chron. viii: 18.
ISSACHAl- -[Ts'sa-char,] price, yeISHOD —[I-shod.]                         wocar d.
W~as one of the tribe of Manasseh,   ISSACHAn  was the son of Leah, the
mn the east of the Jordan. 1st Chron. wife of the patriarch Jacob. Ile was
vii: 13.                             the fifth son of Leah, and the circumstances narrated regarding his birth,
[SE —PAN-l [Ish/-pan.]               are remarkable.  The namlle is supWas a Benjamite, and one of the posed to have reference to the manfamily of Shashak. 1st Chronicles, drakes which Leah gave to Rachel.
viii. 22.                            Gen. xxx: 14.
Issachar had four sons whose names
ISHUIt -[Ish'-u-aLh.]                are given  Gen. xlvi: 13, and his deWas one of the sons of Asher, and scendants, through these sons, became
is numbered with the family of Jacob, numerous.  When they left the landc
who went down into Egypt. Genesis, of Egpyt, tlhey numbered fifty-four
xlvi: 17.                            thousanc and faour hundred, and were
under the charge of Nathaneel, the
ISI-UAI —[Ish'-u-a.]                 son of Zuar, and their spy, to view
Was the third son of Asher, and the the promised land, was Igal, the son
founder of a family bearing his name:. of Josephl, while their agent, to assist
Numb. xxvi: 44; lst Chron. vii: 30.  in dividing, was Palteel, the son of
Azzan. Num.   i: 3-29. Also Num.
ISHU.                              x: 15 and xiii: 7. The position of
Isiur w-as one of the sons of Saul, this tribe in the wilderness was before
the first king of Israel. 1st Samiuel, the tabernacle, and they increased in
xiv: 49.  1-le is called Abinadab in the wilderness nine thousand and nine
1st Sam. xxxi: 2, where the account hundred. Num. xxvi: 23.
of his death, with the death of his   The tribe of Issachar enjoyed a
fatheV and two brothers Jonathan and rich lot in the land of Canaan.  They
3Melchishua is given.                are said to have been very industrious




ISS                [217]                IZE
and wealthy, and continued to worship Aaron, because of the wickedness of
the God of their fathers, as predicted E l i's sons,  -Iophni and  Plhineas.
by Moses when he blessed the tribes Though the high priesthood went back
of Israel.                           to Eleazar, yet Ithamar's descendants
We know nothing particular regard- continued in the office of priests, for
ing the life of Issachar, and but little David divided them  into twenty-four
regarding individuals of his tribe. orders, and gave to Eleazar sixteen
Tola, who was a judge of Israel, was parts, and to the family of Ithamar
of this tribe, and ]Baasha, a king of eight, or in other words David constiIsrael, belonged to the tribe of issa- tuted eight of the orders of the priests
char. The princes of Issachar were of the descendants of Ithamnar.  1st
associated with Deborah and Barak, Chron. xxiv.
in overthrowing the army of Jabin,
the king of Canaan. Judges v: 15. ITHM1iA  1-[JIth'-mah.]
When David was crowned, two  lin-  HE-e was a Moabite, one of the wardred of the principal men attended, riors of David, and of his body guard.,
and with Zebulun and N a p h t a 1 i, 1st Chron. xi: 46.
brought nuch provisions with them to
use during the coronation feast. 1st ITJIRA-[Rth'-ra.]
Chron. xii. The tribe was very nu-   Was an Israelite, or Ishmaelite, the
merous in the tinme of David, con- father of Amnasa, by Abigail, Da-vid's
taining one hundred and forty-three sister. 2d Sam. xvii: 25; 1st Chron.
thousand and six hundred warriors-  ii: 17.
men that were able to draw the sword.
And even as late as the day of lHeze- ITIThAN-[Ith'-ran.]
kiah, this tribe is, spoken of as a tribe   Was a son of Dishon, a Horite, reof very considerable numnber, and ill- ferred to in Gen. xxxvi: 26;1st Chron.
port a nce. Multitu-des of them at- i: 41.
tended IH e z e k i a h' s passover. 1st
Chron. vii: 1-6, and xii: 32, and ITHRIEAMl -[Ifth-re-amn] excellence
xxvii: 18, and 2d Clhron. xxx.            of the people.
Was a -son of David, born unto him
ISSACHAR, 2- [Is'-sa-kar,] price, in Hebron, and said to be the sixth.
reward.                         -His mother's name was Eglah. 2d
He was one, of the sons of Obed- Sam. iii: 5; 1st Chron. iii: 3.
Edom, and one of the sacred porters.
1st Chron. xxvi: 5.                  ITTAI-[It'-ta-i.]
ITTAI was a native of Gath, a PhiISSIIA1H.                            listine in the army of David. He was
He was one of the ministers in the in the a rmy, as an officer, during
temple, under the order of service in- the rebellion of Absalom.  He comstituted in the time of David.  1st manded six hundred warriors, who
Chron. xxiv: 21.                     were about David's person when he
made his flight. 2d Sam. xv: 18. And
ISUI-[Is'-u-i.]                      afterward, when the army was numHe was one of the sons of Asher, and bered and organized by David, at MTais numbered with the family of Jacob, hanaim, it was divided in to three
who went down into Egypt.  Genesis parts, and Ittai was placed in co'lnxlvi: 17.                            manld of one third of the entire army.
2d Sam. xviii: 12.
ITIIAMAR-[Ith'-a-mar,]  island of
the palin tree, woe to the palin or IZEHAIR-[Iz'-e-har.]
change.                            IZEHAR was of the family of KoITHAMAAR was the fourth and young- hath, of the tribe of Levi. The family
est son of Aaron. In the time of Eli to which he belonged were privileged
and his children, for some cause or beyond otler families in the tribe of
other, the high priesthood rested in the Levi, in that they had charge of the
family of Ithamar.  It had been trans- holy things, such as the ark, table,
ferred from the fhlmily of Eleazar. It, candle-stick, altars, and the holy yeshowever, returned  to the family of sels. Numb. iii: 27-31.




IZl                [218]              JAB
IZ-!AH —[Iz'-har.]                  birth, is expressed by the name that
There were two of this name in the was given him. She " called his name
tribe of Levi, and in the line of the Jabez, saying: because I bare him
priests, being the sons of Kohath. with sorrow."   T h o ugh we know
1st Chron. vi: 2 and 18.            nothing of himni but what is mentioned
here, for his name does not occur anyA A L A M - [Ja-a'-lamj,] hidden, where else in the sacred scriptures,
youn0 g man, irds.              we are satisfied that he was an honorJAALAMr  was one of the sons of able man.  Iis religious character,
Esau by his Canaanitish wif;e, Aholi- with his authority growing out of his
bamah.  IHe had two full brothers, position in the family, made him
they were Jeush and Korah. Genesis "more honorable than his brethrthren."
xxxvi: 5.                             Hle worshipped God most devoutly,
and his prayer recorded is full of
JAAiREOREGIM —[J a - a r - e or'-a- earnestness and fervor.  I-He prays
gilm.]                          that God would enlarge his family and
JAAnEonEGIIM  was the father of his inheritance, and would help and
Elhanan, who slew the brother of direct him  in all his undertakings;
Goliath the Gittite. 2d Sam. xxi: 19. keep hinm from everything dangerous
He is also called Jair.  1st Ch1on. and sinful, that he might not be
xx: 5.                              grieved. The fbllowing is his prayer
which was granted to him; " Oh that
JAASIBEL-[Ja-ca'-si-el.]            thou wouldest bless me indeed, and
JAASrEL the son of Abner, was the enlarge zny coast, and that thine hand
ruler in the tribe of Benjamin in the might be with me, and that thou
times of David.   Ist Chronicles, wouldest keep me from all evil that it
xxvii: 21.                          mnight not grieve me."  The name of
Jabez occurs in 1st Chron. ii: 55, but
JAAZANIAh   oR JEZENIAH -  it is the na.me of a place and not of a
[Ja-az-za-ni/ah.]               person.
JAAZANIA-I the Maachathite is referred to in 2d Kings, xxv, and in JABIN, 1-[Ja/-bin,] he that underJer. xl. He was associated with Ish-    stands, he thft builds.
mael in the murder of Gedaliah the   JABIN was a Canaanitish king, and
governor of the Jews, appointed by one of the most powerful of that
Nebuclhadnezzar.                    country. I-e was the king of the city
of Hazor, who associated with himself
J A B A L - [Ja/-bal,] which glides the King of Madon, and the King of
away, plroduces.                Shimron, and the King of Achshaph
JABAL was the son of Lamech and with several others, to oppose Joshua in
Adah. He was remarkable as the his conquest of the land. He deterinventor of tent-making, and the first mined if possible to stop his march, and
person mentioned as raising cattle. cool his ardor as a conquering general.
Gen. iv: 20. "And Adah bare Jabal: Josh. xi. e-Ie consequently gathered
he was the father of such as dwell in their whole forces together at the waters
tents, and of such as have cattle."  He of Merotn to fight with Israel.  The
was not the first shepherd, for Abel was confederate kings laid their plans, but
a "keeper of sheep," but Jabal engaged the Lord delivered them into the hands
extensively in the business, which of Joshua. They fled from the battlebecam'e so common among the Patri- field, and were pursued in their flight
archs. Abraham  and Lot had exten- and imany of them  cut off. When
sive flocks and herds.  Laban and Joshua gave up the pursuit, he returned
Jacob's wealth consisted in such, and to Hazor, which was not far from
so all the sons of Israel from Rleuben Merom, and burnt the city with fire,
the eldest, to Benjamin, the youngest. and killed Jabin the King.
JABEZ —[Ja-bez,] sorrow, trouble.  JABIN, 2 —He t7t understands, he
JABEZ was a descendant of Judah        that butilds.
by Ashur.  1st Chron. iv: 9.  The   JABIN was also a King ofliazor, and
pain and sorrow of his mother, at his probably a descendant of the former




JAB                 [219]               JAC
king. Hzor where he reigned, was the not fail until the last sentence had
same as the former, for after Joshua fallen from his lips, and his weeping
conquered it, and gave it to the tribe of children had beheld him breathe his
Naplihtali, it was afterwards possessed last in death.
by the Canaanites.  In Judges iv: 2,   Jacob was the twin b r o t hle r of
it is said "the Lord sold them into the Esau, and bc-fore they were born, the
hand of Jabin, King of Canaan, that mother was advised by the Lord that
reigned in Hazor."  This Jabin was they should become heads of mighty
also a powerful King, and for twenty nations, very different in their temper,
years he mightily oppressed the child- circunmstances and government;  but
ren of Israel. At the time that Deborah the "elder should serve the younger."
arose "a mother," and a deliverer of Gen. xxv: 26. Esan being born first,
Israel, this Jabin had nine hundred was the eldest, and justly claimed
iron chariots and a very large army the birthriglht, which gave him supeunder thlel anag eemr t of Sisera. They riority to Jacob.  That superiority
fought a battle Lwhich resulted in the consisted in part of a double portion
defeat of Jabin, and the utter distruc- of the father's inheritance, and his
tion of his vast army, armor and weap- peculiar blessing.  T I e birthright,
ons of war, and the death of his important as it was, was transferable,
general Sisera. Jud. iv.             as the sequel in the history of these
two brothers proves.  One day, as
J~ TCHIN, 1 —[Jat-kia,] t7lat strengtl- Esau came in f1rom a hunting, excurens.                             sion very hungry, his eye rested upon
JAm-I wvas one of the sons of Sin- some v e g e t a b i e s that Jacob lhad
con. He was numbered with the famin- cooked, and he asked him  that he
ily of Jacob, who went with him down might eat of them.  Jacob accordinto Egypt. Genesis, xlvi: 10.       ingly proposed him the cooked vegetables in lieu of the birthright. Esau
JACI-iN, 2.-That strezgthens         accepted his proposition, and under
JACOHN was one of the priests ap- oath transferred it to Jacob.
pointed by David, when lhe divided   Some years after this, when Isaac
theni into twenty-four orders.  His lot was old and his eyes were dim, he
was the twenty-first. 1st Chronicles, bade Esau, who was a hunter, take
xxiv: 17.                            his weapons and go out and procuro
him  venison, and prepare himl meat
JAC 0B- [Ja'-kob,] 7he thact sup- that he could relish, that his soul
planO[ts, the heel.              might bless him before he died.
Now Rebekah, who was pairtial to
JACOB was the yo u n ge s t son of Jacob, was near by when Isaac ga-ve
Isaac and Rebekali, and the grandson the order to Esau, and heard it; and
of the patriarch Abraham. He was a being anxious that Jacob should have
very remarkable personage, w h o s e the first blessing, she bade him go to
fortunes were varied, but he proved the flocks and procure two kids of the
himself, in his trust in God, equal to goats, and she would prepare savory
every emergency, and though  dark meat such as she knew that Isaac loved,
portentious clouds at times hung over and lie should go in with the meat to
himn so as to make his life shady, his father, and procure the blessing
through the mercy of the God of his that Isaac was intending for Esau. The
fa the r s, he passed thie storms and conscience of Jacob was rather tender,
trials of his eventful life, and his last and he ventured an objection; but his
days were his brightest and best.    mother so far removed it as to induce
He possessed a strong mind and a hilm to carry out her plan. Jacob killed
heart influenced by divine grace. The the kids and his mother dressed them.
strength of his mind is exhibited in She then put the raiment of Esau upon
his whole life, and the goodness of his Jacob, and the skin of the kids that
heart is attested by the wonderful had been slain upon his hands and his
manifestation of God's favor made to neck. Thus prepared he went into the
him  at Peniel. Jacob continued to presence of his father, and deceiving
be a man of strong mind until his him, Isaac pronounced upon hima the
work was all done. His intellect did peculiar blessing.




JAC                 [220]                JAC
Esau became greatly enraged at his unto God, and wept tears of gratitude
brother who had supplanted him, and fbr the success with which he had been
resolved to murder him. This led to favored so far. She ran from  the well
Jacob's leaving home some time after; and informed her father that tha e son
but before he left he received the con- of lRebekah, her aunt, had come. Lafimnation of the blessing he had ob- ban went out and conducted Jacob to
tained through subtlety.              his house, which became his home.
Jacob went, under the instruction of After he had been with his uncle one
his father, to Padan-aram, to take a month, and nothing had been said
wife of the daughters of his mother's about wages, Laban, desirous of retainbrother.  le left home'privately, and ing his services, asked him what wages
on the second day of his journey neared, he should give him. Jacob had alin the shade of the evening, the city of ready formed strong attachment for the
Luz; "and he lighted upon a certain beautiful Rachel, and had meditated
place and tarried there all niht because marnriage with her.  He therefore said,
the sun was set."  And taking a stone "I will serve thee seven years for R aof that place for a pillow he ].aid him  chel, tbly younger daughter."  Laban
down cand slept; and in the vision of accepted the proposal, and Jacob served
that night the sublime scene passed be- according to agreement, —years seemed
fbre hllm  of a ladder reaching up into but as a f'w days, because of the love
heaven, and the angels of God ascend- lhe had for Rachel.  He tlen said to
ing and descending upon it.  At the Laban, "Give me nay wife.'  The
top of the ladder stood the Lord God, father consequently 1made a marriage
and assured him that be was the God feast, but in the place of giving Rachel,
of his fathers, AbrahaLm and Isaac, and his younger daughter, he deceived Jathat he would give him and his seed cob and gave him Leah.
the land of Canaan for their inherit-   As is reasonable to suppose, Jacob
ance, and make his posterity numerous expressed dissatisfaction, and earnestly
as the stars of heaven and as the sands upbraided  Laban for the deception.
of the sea-shore, and all nations should lie gave the reason for thus acting,
be blessed in him.                    that Leah was the eldest and should be
Under the pleasant sensations pro- married first, as that was the custom
duced by the ladder-dream, early in in Mesopotamia. Jacob was not acthe morning Jacob consecrated, with quainted with this custom of the counsolemn ceremony, the spot where he try, and probably was reconciled to it,
had been thus favored.  He took the when his father-in-law promised, after
stone which he had for a pillow and the lapse of a week, to give himl Rachel
erected it as a monument, then poured also, provided he would give liim, seven
oil on the top of it and called the name years of service for her in addition to
of the Flace Bethel, or the house of the other seven years.  Jacob agreed
God. He also entered into a solemn to this, andl Rachel on whom  his affeccovenant with God, that if he would tions were set was given to him, when
protect him, provide for him, and pros- he commenced and completed the serper him, he would give him one-tenth vice; after which, for other wages, he
of his entire income; and further, that continued in charge of the flock of
he would -make Bethel a place of sol- Laban, which was greatly increased,
eemn worship. Genesis xxviii: 20, 21, and he himself was prospered and be22.                                   came very wealthy.
Jacob, encouraged by the vision and   Of the two wives, Jacob much prethe divine promise made to him, pro- ferred Rachel, but God favored Leah
ceeded on his journey to EIaran, where with children, while Rachel was barren.
Laban, his uncle, dwelt. The first She then gave Bilhah, her maid unto
member of the family he was permitted Jacob as a secondary wife, who bare
to see was Rachel, who afterwards be- two sons that Rachel looked upon as
came his wife. When he first made her own children, and  gave  theml
himself known unto her at the well, as names.  In imitation of Rachel, Leah
she was watering the flock, he testified gave her maid also to Jacob, and she
his friendship as a cousin in the simple bare him two sons. In all Jacob had
and pure iethod, in primitive times, eleven sons born unto him in Mesopoof kissing.  He offered thanksgiving I tamia, and one daughter.




J AC                [221]                JAC,,...........
VWhen he desired to return to his own family,on, ncd being left alone, be
country, and to the land of his kindred, earnestly pledt with God for help, for
having been instructed in a vision by he felt hirseilf to be in extremity,
the angel of' the Lord, he made known  4And whle he prayed, the angel of the
his desire to his wives, Rachel and covenant, in the form ofa mlan, came
Leah, and they l.ea;rtily s~:quiesced in. down, and lie became deeply exerthe will of the Lord.  Hence, while eised.  le wrestled -with the man
Laban was away fiom  home, Jacob until the break of day. So earnest
gathered all together and started with was he thatb he took hold of the garhis wives and children to go to Isaac, ments of the heavenly visitant.  He
his father, in the land of CaJnaan. said to the angel:  "I will not let
When Laban returned home, and it thee go, except thou bless me.'
was told him that Jacob was gonoe, he   He prevailed in his supplication;
determined to pursue after him. He and his name was changed from  Jaovertook hili in a few days, and would cob, a supplanter, to Israel, because,
have dealt harshly with him, but for as a prince, he had wrestled and prethe caution he received fronm  God. vailed with God.  Firoml tihis name
Laban made the charge upon Jacob of the children of Abraham, or the dehaving dealt unfairly with him, and he scendants of 4the Patriarchs, halTe reespecially complained that he had car- ceived the appellation of Israelites.
ried away his gods. Jacob defended Jacob honored the place where he
himself,  a n d especially denied the had thus; prayed and prevailed, by
charge of theft.  He bade his father-in- calling it Peniel; i. e., thle face of God.
law examine all his goods, and feeling   Joining his wives and children in
very certain that no one of his family the morning, he pursued his journey,
was guilty, he agreed that whoever of to meet his brother.  He had prehis family should be convicted, might pared large presentsfor Esau: two'
be put. to death, for he had no thought hundred and twenty goats, two hunthat laechel was guilty. Laban searched dred and twenty sheep, t.hirty milch
for his idols, but found them not, be- camels with their colts, forty  kine,.
cause of the iniquity of Rachel, who ten bulls twenty she asses, and ten
sat upon them and complained of indis- foals. These he divided i n to five
position that prevented her rising up. droves, and gtave orders to the drivers
The difficultvbetween Laban and Jacob to tell Esau, as they met him, that
was finally settled, and they made a they were a present to him; and by
solemncovenantofperpetualffriendship, this means he hoped to appease the
and reared a heap of stones in testi- wrath of his brother. 3E-e divided his
mony of their covenant, when Laban family into three divisions, that, if
"kissed his sons and daughters, and Esau murdered, with  his four hunblessed them," then turned his face to- dred m e n, the first company, the
wards his home, and Jacob with his others might escape.  I-e put the two
family went on his way. Before they handmaids and their children first;
parted, however, each one gave a name Leah and her children next, and rato the place. Jacob called it Galecced, chel an d her son last.  ice probably
and Laban ca.lled it Jegar-Sahadultha, thought that was the safest place for
both of which signify the heap of wit- her, and, in case of necessity for flight,
ness.                                 would give her an advantage over all
Shortly after this Jacob was favored the rest. But the fears of Jacob were
with another vision of angels in the soon allayed, for, as he lifted up his
wilderness of Mahanaim.  IH cre a eyes and saw  Esau colring to meet
host of angels met him.  The Al- him, he saw nothing but the purest
mighty s h o w e cl him  that he was friendship indicated in the appearance
guarded on every side. He had just or conduct of his brother.  "Esau
passed the severe trial and inspection ran to meet him, and embraced him,
of Laban, and now hle was dreading and fell on his neck and kissed him,
the vengeance of Esau, whom, years aild they wept."  The present that
before, he had supplanted, and who had been arranged was offered Esau,
had threatened to destroy his life. As but he generously refused it, because
in other times of trial he had recourse he had much wealth already. Esau
to G-od, in prayer, having sent his then offered to attend Jacob  to MIt,




JAC                [222]               JAO
Seir, but he begged him not to trouble no doubt, by the conduct of Reuben,
himself, as the flocks and little ones his eldest son, who committed a discould but move slowly.              graceful act towards Bilhah, one of his
Jacob soon came to the spot where secondary wives, that of overthrowing
Succoth was afterwards buil t, and her bed. He continued with his fainreared for himself a house, and booths ily, near Isaac, his father, a few years,
for his cattle. Soon we hear of him  when Isaac died, and in company with
crossing the Jordan, and coming to Esau, his brother, he buried him in the
Shalem, where he bought a piece of honored cave of Machpelah, b e si d e
ground from  Hamor, the father of IRebekah.. Genesis, xxvi, and xxix, inShechem, for one hundred pieces of sil- elusive.
ver. Here he erected an altar, and   Jacob was very sorely tried in the loss
called it El-elohe —Israel. He had not of Joseph, the elder son of his beloved
dwelt long here, when Dinah, his Rachel. His brothershad dealtcruelly
daughter, went out to se e the young with him, by selling him to Midianitish
women of the country, and was seduced, merchants, and quite as cruelly with
and disgraced, by Shechem, a prince of their father, in deceiving him with a
the country. After this, Shechem and report that Joseph was devoured by
Hamor, his father, begged her i n mar- wild beasts in the woods.
riage, offering Jacob any p r ic e he   Several years after Joseph was sold,
would name. HIe waited till his sons the country where Jacob dwelt, was
came home, and they made a proposi- visited by a distressing famine, and he
tion, which was, that the men of sent his ten eldest sons down to Egypt
Shechem should all be circumcised as to buy corn. The long lost Joseph was
the terms, and the only terms, of ob- lord of that land, and after a succestaining Dinah for a wife, for Shechem. sion of thrilling circumstances was
They accordingly submitted to it, announced to his father.  Jacob being
and on the third day after the rite was satisfied that he was alive, went down
performed, Simeon and Levi fell upon to Egypt to see him; they met and'
the Shechemites, and murdered all the embralced each other; and Jacob spent
male inhabitants. This they did to re- the last part of his life in peace and
venge the disgrace of their sister. This plenty, and day after day looked with
act of the sons of Jacob, was not ap- pleasure upon the growing greatness of
proved by him, and he feared the re- the dreamer.
sentiment of the Canaanites. Ile was   Jacob was undoubtedly a great and
directed by the Lord to go to Bethel to good man. He was celebrated for his
dwell.                              practice of virtue, and his devotion to
Jacob, remembering his vow, which the God of his fathers. He was an
he had made, as he went to Padan- aged and venerable mall when he went
aram, ordered his family to put away into Egypt, as we see from his introducall strange gods and purify themselves. tion to Pharaoh. The king was so irnThey accordingly delivered up t h e i r pressed with his appearance, that he
idols to him. It is likely t h at Rachel asked him the question, "Jacob how
gave up the gods she had stolen from  old art thou. "'  is answer was beautiher father, and Jacob hid them all un- ful. "The days of the years of my
der an oak. At Bethel he offered sac- life are a hundred and thirty years:
rifice to God, who appeared unto him  few and evil have the days of the years
and renewed his former covenant and of my life been, and have not attained
blessing. He did not remain at Bethel unto the days of the years of my fathers;
long, but went to Hebron to visit Isaac, in the days of their pilgrimage."
his father, and during the time he was   When Jacob was about to die, he
at Hebron, Deborah, his mother's nurse, blessed  both  the sons of Joseph,
who, possibly, was now a member of claimed them as his own children, and
his family, died and was burie d. required that they bear his name. He
Rachllel, the beloved wife of Jacob, then gathered all his sons together, and
died also in a short time after she gave with the mantle of prophecy around
birth to Benjamin, and he buried her him, his nature's failing fire rekindled,
near Bethlehem, which was called, in and he told them what should be in the
honor of her, "the city of Rachel." latter days. And  beginning w it h
Not long after this he was sorely tried., Reuben, the eldest, he passed through




JAO                [2231               JAE
the entire family, closing with Benja- JAEL-[Ja'el,] he that ascends, a kid.
min, and in the most sublime language;   JAEEL was the wife of -ieber, the
and in the use of the most apt and Kenite, and the Keni.tes were the debeautiful figures, he indicated the future seendants of Jethro, the father-in-law
of each one, and his posterity. Having of Moses. This people became attached
finished his blessings and closed his ad- to the Israelites, and were probably
monitions to them, he gave directions with theml during their wanderings in
calmly as to his burial, then "gathered the wilderness.  Moses cordially inup his feet into the bed" and died.    vited Hobab, and it is likely that he
Joseph had his body embalmed, accepted the invitation and accompanied
according to the custom of the Egyp- them to the promised land, and received
tians, then attended by all the adult a lot with one of the tribes.
relationship, and a large number of   They were dwelling in "the city of
Egyptians, he took it to the land of Palm Trees" during the life of Joshua,
Canaan, and buried it beside the re- and probably not far from it when God
mains of Leah his wife in the cave of raised up the prophetess Deborah to be
Machpelah. In all the grave yards of judge of Israel, and their deliverer out
this world there is to be found no family of the hand of Jabin, king of Canaan.
vaults containing six persons, who were   Heber, the husband of Jael, had for
honored of God in their lifetilme, as the some cause severed himself from  the
six that were buried there. Abraham  Kenites, and was on friendly terms
and Sarah, Isaac and Rebekah, Jacob with the king of Canaan, and with Sisand Leah.                            era, the captain of Jabin's army. Jael,
the wife of Heber, is introduced to our
JACKA3EAM.                          view in connection with the flight of
Sisera fiolm the.field of battle-his seJACKAEiAM was one of the minis- curing from her what seemed to him to
te-rs in the temple under the order of be, an hospitable and safe shelter from
service, instituted in the time of Da- the pursuing enemy.
vid. 1st Chron. xxiv: 23.             The plain of Zanaim, where ileber's
tent was pitched, was probably in the
JAKIIM.                             country of the king of Canaan, for Sisera, as soon as he lighteed off his chariot
JAXIM  was one of the priests ap- fled on foot directly to the tent of Jael.
pointed by David when le divided She saw him coming and went to meet
them into twenty-four orders-his lot him, and gave him a cordial invitation
was the twelfth.  1st Chron. xxiv: to hide himself within her tent. -He
12.                                 seemed to have fixed upon her apartment of the tent, because of secrecy.
JADDUA oR JADDUS-[Jad-du'- According to the custom of those times,
anh.]                           when any one approached a tent, they
JADDITA was the son of Jonathan, never intruded into the apartments of
and the high priest of the Jews. He the women, which were always separate
is referred to in Neh.. xii: 11, and from the apartments of the men. Sisofficiated, we may judge, some time era felt that he would be safe there, for
after the captivity-Josephus gives an no one would dare to enter the apartinteresting account of him. He went ment in search of him. He had broken
in company with other priests to meet over the custom for he was in extremAlexander the Great as he was com- ity, but he knew his pursuers would not
ing toward Jerusalem for the purpose be likely to do it. But seemingly, to
of destroying the city.   He was avoid his being found, she covered him
dressed in his priestly garments, and with a mantle, and then under his adAlexander was so favorably impressed vise took her position in the door of
with his appearance that he immedi- the tent, to tell any one who might enately gave up his hostile intentions quire of her that there was no man
against the city, and it is said wor- within the tent.
shiped the Lord in the temple, and   Sisera was greatly fatigued with labors
granted special privileges to the Jews he had performed as commander during
— though some think this a Jewish the battle, and the loss he had sustained
fable.                              and the flight he had made on foot.




JAE                [2241              JAE
lEe asked her for water; she recognized tive in war; but, to his astonishment,
his wants in being greatly fatigued as there Sisera lay in death, and tlhe
well as thirsty, hence she gave him  spike was yet in his temples, fastening
milk or cream, that would answer the him to the ground.
double purpose of quenching thirst and  WVre are not authorized to suppose
nourish and restore his exhausted na- that Barak applauded Jael for the
ture. After thus mninistering to hilm, deed she had committed, though Dlebshe covered himn again with the mantle orah, in her song, does. Judges, v;
and took her station at the door of the 24:  "'Blessed, above woman, shall
tent.  And now the scene in her history Jael, the wife of Hleber the Kenite,
changes.  She las appeared in the be; blessed shall she be above women
character of a friend to the conquered in the tent."
general. Who could suspect her kind-   She was thought of, in ages afterness, when she met him and so cordially ward, as a heroic woman. It may be
invited him to hide in her apartment of that she was under divine direction
the tent, and then to make him  feel when she performed this heroic and
safe, with her own hands covered him  bloody deed, and perfectly justifiable
with a mantle?  Who could suspect before God, who has a right to disher friendship?  " When he asked for pose of human life as it pleases him.
water and she gave him  milk; she It may be that Sisera had been a very
brought forth butter (cream) in a lordly wicked man and his cup of iniquity
dish;' not in an ordinary dish, but a was full, and God, in his infinite wisvessel suitable to the rank and dignity: dom, appointed and directed her in
of him to whon she ministered.      this whole matter. Deborah was unShe stands in the door of her tent der divine influence when composing
w h i 1 e the fatigued general resigns her song, and she declares Jael to be
himself to sleep, feeling certain, in his " blessed above women." This would
own mind, that she who had minis- seemn to indicate that her conduct was
teLed to his wants would defLend his pleasing to GCod. We are not called
lif'e; andc when confident that he was upon to justify all her conduct in this
fas-t asleep, she carried out her pur- matter; nor are we fully authorized
pose. " She took a nail of the tent" to condemn. This deed, whetherjusti— w.ch was proba bly a spike to which fiable or not, will give her name, as a
they fastened the tent cord-and she heroine, to the latestgeneration of man.
" took a lammer in her hand and
went softly in to him."  There he lay JAHIATIf, 1.
unconscious of his danger, insensible   JAmHATH was the son of Libni, the
to her presence, dreaming, it may be, son of Gershom  of the tribe of Levi.
of the b attle that had just been 1st Chron. vi: 2b.
fought, which had gone against him,
and of the enemy following hard after JAIHATH, 2.
him and overtaking him. Just as he,   Belonged to the tribe of JudaJl
in his dreams, felt the weapon of an 1st Chron. iv: 2.
enemy pierce his vitals, Jael smote
the nail or spike into his' temple with JAHATEI, 3.
the hammer, and fastened it into the   Was the son of Shelomoth a Levite.
ground on which he was lying. HIe 1st Chron. xxiv: 22.
struggled, it may be, for a few moments, and then stretched himself in JAHIATH, 4.
death. Having performed this seem-   Was the son of Shimei. 1st Chron.
ingly cruel deed, she took her position xxiii: 10.  I-e was the elder of four
again at the door of the tent, and sons, who were chiefs in the family.
watched for the pursuers of Sisera. Their families were larger, hence
Soon Barak appears in sight, a ncl d they were considered more important
Jael left the door of her tent and than their two brothers of whom it is
went to meet him, and invited him to said " they had not many sons."
come into her tent, promising to show
him  the man he was seeking.  He JAIHAIEL —[Ja-haz'-i-el.]
attended to her invitation, intending,   JAIIAZIEL was one of the ministers
probably, to take Sisera alive- as a cap- in the temple under the order of ser



JAIl                [2251               JAM
vice instituted in the time of David. that he governed, for there is nothing
Ist Chron. xxiv: 2.                  said to the contrary; and his thirty
sons are said each one to have rode
JA11DAI- [Jah-la/-i.]                upon an ass colt, and were each proI-e appears in the genealogy of Ca- vided,by their father with a city or villeb as the father of six sons.  1st lago of his own. The inference to be
Chron. ii: 47.                       gathered is, that Jair was prosperous,
and that his sons  were all of them men
JAI-HDIEL-[Jah'-di-el.]              of dignity and importance.  Jair died
A chief man of Manasseh on the and was buried in Caemon, which was a
cast of the Jordan. 1st Chron. v: 24. city in the tribe of Manasseh, cast of
the Jordan.
JA1HLJE,1EL-[Jah'-li-el.]
The third of the three sons of Ze- JAIRUS —[Ja'-i-rus,] is enlightened.
bulun, and he was the founder of an   JAmus was a ruler of the synagogue
ex tensive family in that tribe. Gen. at Capernaum. We have an account
xl-vi: 14; Num. xxvi: 26.            of Christ raising his daughter to life in
Matt. ix: 18-26. His daughter had
J AI-TIAI —[Jah-ma'-i.]              been sick for several days, and he had
A man of the tribe of Issachar, and watched with anxiety over her, while
0one of theC heads of an important all the means that hadc been used had
house. 1st Chron. vii: 2.            proved ineffectual. He thoughtofChrist
and went in search of him, and when
JAHiE 3L, 1 —[Jall-ze-el.]           he found him, he entreated him  earT I c oldest of' the four sons of nestly to go to his house and restore her
Nlaphtali, and the founder of an ex- to health. Jesus perceiving that he hadl
tensive family of that tribe.  Num. strong faith in his healing power, went
xrvi: 48.                            with him. They had not arrived however at thls ruler'.s house, when a messSJAJ1-1 Z EEL, 1:2.                  enger calme to tell him his daughter was
Was the son of Naphtali and is dead.  Jesus looked with sympathy
rckoned with the children and grand upon the anguish stricken father, and
ehilciren   of Jacob in Gen. xlvi: 24. said to him, "be not afraid, only be —
He had three brothers, Guni, Jezer lieve."  When they entered the house
and Shillem.                         of the ruler, they found the child dead,
and the family and relations in great
JAI-HZETRAUI —[Jah-ze-rah.]          distress. Jesus in the presence of the:
A  priest of the house of Immer. father and mother, and three of his dis1st Chron. ix: 12.                   ciples, raised the damsel to life.
JAITR, 1 —[Ja'/r,] my light, who dif- JAIMES, 1 —Ie that supplunts, the
fises lighyt,                         heel.
WVas the son of Segub, an d the   JAMES is sometimes called James
grandson of cezron, of the tribe of Ju- the Great, to distinguish him from the
dah. EI-e seenms to have fallen heir to less. Hie was the brother of John.the
an immense estate. It is thought he Evangelist, and one of our Lord's aposinherited it fromn his grandmother, the tles. He was the son of Zebedee andl
daughter of Machir. -Ie had twenty- Salome, and was called from his occuthree cities in the land of Gilead.  1st pation as a fislherman to follow ChristChron. ii: 22.                       and become an apostle.  Matt. iv: 21.
In company with his brother John he
J AIR, 2 —I1y light, who diffuses was permitted to behold some exhibilight,                          tions of Christ's divinity that all the
Was a jude of Israel who succeeded apostles were not favored with. He
Tola, and he governed in Israel about witnessed the Savior's transfiguration..
twenty-two years. He was a Gileadite, Matt. xvii: 2. In company with his;
probably of the tribe of Manasseh. We brother, he asked the Savior's permis —
may judge, from the account given of sion to call fire down from heaven to;
him  in Judges, x: 3-5, that he had consume the Samaritans, who would
peace and prosperity during the time not receive him. He rebuked them by
15




JAM                [226]                JAM
telling them that they were ignorant of were members of the church there,
themselves —they knew not the spirit he also formed an acquaintance with
they were of. Luke, ix: 54.  They James, who was the only apostle save
seemed. to have had an idea that their Peter that Paul was then privileged to
Master would certainly establish a tern- see. Gal. i: 19.
poral kingdom, and they possessed an   Several years after this there was a
ambition to occupy an important posi- council of the apostles at Jerusalem.
tion in that kingdom; and hence, made Acts, xv. James the less was present,
a request through  their mother to the and took a part in the discussions of the
effect that he would favor them. It is council. He listened attentively to Pclikely she was quite willing to make the ter in his address, and then to Paul and
request for them, as she saw that he IBarnabas, as they declared the miracles
had a particular regard for them. HeI and wonders that God had wrought by
told thllem they knew not what they I them among the Gentiles; then he himwere asking, and then addressed the self, secured the attention of th ose
question to them, "Are ye able to present as he declared his sentiments
drink of the cup that I shall drink of, regarding the main question before the
and be baptized wit,h the baptism that council, the question of circumcision.
I am ba.pti.iad with?"  They answered Ile stated clearly, that as God had ac-.
that they were willing to undergo suf- cepted the Gentiles-called them  to
ferings with him.  Christ then  told himself-and through the instrumenthemn that his Father had the disposal tality of the apostles who had spoken,
of the eminent places in his kingdoml. established a church among them, that
)latt. xx: 20-24; Mark, x: 35-45.    Gentile churches ought not to be burIt would seem, from John, xxi: 2, dened with Jewish ceremonies which
that James, with his brother, returned were hard to be borne. HIe favored
to their business of fishing after Christ's their forbearing to cat things strangled,
resurrection, for awhile; but he was, and blood; and to abstain from fornicapresent on the day of Pentecost, and tion and meats offered to idols. And
received, in the gift of the Holy Ghost, this advice of James was received, and
qualification for his important mission  was the substance of the agreement of
as an apostle.                       the council, and in the form of letters
James was put to-death as a martyr from the council, was sent by moessen-early in the apostolic age. We have an gers to all the gentile churches.:account of his murder by Herod, who   Sometime a-fter this James wrote an
"' killed James, the brother of John, epistle to the Jewish believers, wherein
vwith a sword," in Acts, xii: 2.     he refers them to the importance of an
exercise of faith  in Christ, developed
JAMES, 2 — He  tthat supplants, the by good works, and he sharply reproves
heel.                            those who pretended to faith, and did
JAMEsris, who is called James the Less, not show their faith by their works.
was the son of Cleophas or Alpheus, HIe encourages them to bear any sufferand Mary, the sister of the Virgin ings they might beexposed to, with fortiMary. He -was. therefore, the kinsman tude and patience, and enforce by pre~of our Lord. lie was surnamed the cept and practice, the genuine doctrines.Just on account of the holiness and of Christ's gospel.  He declares the
purity of his heart and life. He is divine will in threats against those who,called by Paul the " Lord's brother " use the world and its riches improperly,
Gal. i: 19.  He was honored with a or- indulge in sensual, or sinful passions.
personal interview with the Savior after   It is said that this apostle was sehis resurrection, and Paul refers to it verely persecuted, and finally stoned to
as occurring early in the first week after death. Annanias ordered James to ashe rose.  1st Cor. xv: 7. And he was cend one of the galleries and renounce
with the apostles when their Master his religion) and declare that Jesus of
appeared to them together.           Nazareth was not the Messiah.  He did
After the conversion of Paul, James ascend the gallery, and speak to the
was at Jerusalem, during the fifteen multitude but not as they desired him
days that the newly initiated apos- to speak. He declared, with a loud
tle was at Jerusalem  forming an ac- voice, that Jesus was the son of God,
quaintance with Peter and others who and that he would appear in the clouds




JAM                [227]               JAR
of Heaven and judge the world. It is the sons of Noah in the following
said the Pharisees were so enraged at order —'"Shem,-Ha, aand Japheth"him that they threw him overthe battle- it does not follow that he was the
nient. By the fall he was sorely bruised younger. It is likely he was the oldbut raising up on his knees began t o est son of Noah, as -he is said to be
pray for his murderers, as Stephen had the elder brother of Shem. G-en. x:
done before him, amid a shower of 21. Shem is probably put before himl
stones, under which he died. There for the same reason that Abrahanm is
have been converted Jews, who attrib- named as first of Terah's sons; so
uted the destruction of Jerusalem, and Isaac is often named before Ishmael,
of their nationality, to the cruel mur- in the Scripture history, and Jacob
der of this just man,               before Esau.
HI-s modest behavior, and the servJAMiIN-[Ja'-min.l                   ice he rendered in company with
JAMIIN was one of thle sons of Simeon, Shem, of covering his father's nakedand is numbered with the family of ness when reported to him -by Ham
Jacob, who went with him  down into as drunken and uncovered within his
Egypt. Genesis, xlvi: 10.           tent, were rewarded while 1-am  for
his unfeeling neglect, was punished.
J-ANNES and JAMBRES —  [Jan'- The promise was made himz that his
nez.] who speaks,  who  answers, posterity should be -greatly enlarged,
Cfiliction.                     and that lie should dwell in the tents
JANNES and JAMBIRES are referred of Shem, and Canaan should be his
to in 2d Tim. iii: 8, 9, in the follow- servant.
in g language.'" Now as Jannes and   The posterity of Japheth was very
-Jaml-bres withstood Mloses, so do these numerous. He ohacd seven sons, whose
also resist the truth; men of cor- names were Gomer, Magog, 3Madai,.
rupt minds, reprobate concerning the Javan, Tubal, Meslech, and Tiras,
faith. But they shall proceed no far- who we-re each the heads of large
ther, for their folly shall be manifest famLilies. The descendants of Japheth
unto all men, as theirs also was."- are understood to have peopled the
Fronm  this it seems they were two Northern part of Asia, tlle islands of
principal magicians of Egypt, or the the Mediterranean sea, the continent
names rather of the magicians who im- of Europe:; and probably from Northitated Moses when performing miracles ern Asia they went into and settled
in the land of Egypt. Exodus vii: 11. North Armerica. Indeed, the prophWAVhen Mloses.and Aaron went into ecy contained in Gen. ix: 27, seems to
the presence of Pharoah  and  his have been clearly fulfilled.
courtiers and cast down the rod -and it
became a serpent, the King of Egypt JAPHIA-[Ja-fi'ah,] which enlyghtcalled Jannes and Jambres with other     ens, groans.
magicians, and they cast down their   He was one of the sons born unto
rods, and each rod became a serpent, David, in Jerusalem. 2d Sam. v: 15;
when Aarons rod swallowed up theirs. 1st Chron. xiv: 6.
And so when IMoses and Aaron smote
the waters, and they were turned to JAREB-[Ja'-reb,] a revenger.'blood, Jannes and Jambres with their  I-He is referred to in the prophecies
associates did so also. And afterwards of Hosea as a king of Assyria. We
they imitated Mloses.and Aaron in know nothing further of him. than is
bringing frogs out of the waters of the recorded there. Hosea, v: 13; x: 6..ivers.  These two persons probably
excelled in magic among the magicians JARED —IIs that Wdescev.ds or cornof Egypt, at the time the Israelites    mnands.
made their Exodus under the direction   JARED was the son of Mahalaleel,
of Moses and Aaron.                 and the father of Eno-ch. We know
but little about him, save that he was
JAPHET1H - [Jae-feth. persucades, one hundred and sixty-two years old
handsome.                       when Enoch was born, and that he
JAPHETIH was the son of Noah. lived after that eight hundred yearsThough we are accustomed to namne so that he attained the great age of




JAR                [2283               JAS
nine hundred and sixty-two years. hundred of them himself, and probGen. v: 18, 20.  We also learn from  ably his associates slew the other five
Luke, iii: 37, that he was in the line hundred, making the slaughter to be
of the Messiah.  Mary the daughter really eight hunclred men as reported.
of Heli, and. the mother of Christ in the latter place.
was descended fromn him.              In company with E 1 e a z a r and
Shammah, two other mighty men, he
JARESIAH —[Jar-e —si'-ah.]          broke through the army of the PhilJARESIA11 was a Benjamite, and is istines, and brought David water from.
re ed to in Ist Chron. viii: 27.    the well of Bethlehem. Being not
far fromn the well David had exlressed
JARtHA.                             a desire for somle of the water of it,
JARIA was the: Egyptain servant as he was very thirsty. They overof Sheshan, to whom  he gave his heard his expression, and determined
daughter to wife, and constituted him; to procure it, andl they didc so at the
heir to an estate. 1st Chron. ii:- 34. hazzard of their lives. When David
Of this Sheshan we learn that he looked at their boldness and daring
had no sons, but daulghters, and it is that had been crowned with success,
supposed that the children of' this lie determined, thirsty as he was, to,
Egyptian  servant were callecdl his deny hims-elf, hence would not drink
children, being- the children of his of it, but "poured it out unto the
dcauigrhter.                        Lord."
It is likely that Jashobeam was the:
JARIB, 1.                           comnmander of the royal guard of
Was the son of Simeon. 1st Cliron. twentyfou. r t-housand for the fir s t
iv: 24.                             month referred to- in 1st Chron. xxvii::
2. I-Ie was appointed over the first
JAtRB, 2.                           course for the- first month. There is a
One of the chiefs who aecomrpaniied descendant of Benjamin by Korah
Ezra from  Babylon to Jerusalem. referred to by this name in 1st Chron.
Ezra viii: 16.                      xii: 6, and he was one of Da-vid's
men-possibly the same pe r s o n asJARIB-, 3.                          above.
Was a priest of the  house of
Joshua, the son of JozadatkI, who had JASHUB.
married  a foreign wife, and like others   JAsSHUAB was of the tribe of Issaput her away. Ez. x: 18.            char, and the head of the family in,
that tribe called Jashubites.  Nmnb,
JAROAHI-[Ja-ro'-ah.]                xxvi: 24.
WVas a chief man of the tribe of
Gad. 1st Chron. v: 14.              JASON - [Ja'-son,] he that cures;gives -medicines,
JASHEN-[Ja'shen,] righteozs.          JASON was a kinsman of the apostle
JASHEN was the father of the Jon- Paul, and is spoken of in Acts xvii: 5
athan who was numbered with David's as the host of the apostle when at
mighty men. 2d Sam.'xxiii: 32.      Thessalonica.. By the labors that were
performed there, and. the- success that
JASIO0BEAM-[Ja-,sh o'be-am.]    attended them, a persecution was raised:
J As H o  BE A Mi, the Tachmonite or against Paul and his companions. They
Ilachmonite, was one, perhaps the raised an uproar in the city, and
chief, of David's mighty men.  1st -.went with- a mob to the house of Jason
Chron. xi: 11.  It is said he was - and assaulted it. They demanded that
chief of the captains, and slew three Paul be brought out, but he escaped
h u n d r e d men at one timne.  In. 2d- out of their hands. They then deterSam. xxiii: 8, it is said he attacked mined to take vengeance on Jason, and
eight hundred men at one time, and they caught him  and took with him
slew them. If it be the same circum- several others unto the ruler of the city,
stance that is referred to in b o t h with a charge against them of "turnpassages,. we may sup p o s e that he ing the world upside down," by which
routed eight hundred and slew three they 1meant producing commotion and,




JAS               [12293               JEC
disorder among the  people.  They JECOLIAI-[Jek-o —litahj.
knew that Jason was a resident among.them, but they charged him with being   This woman was the -mother of Azequally guilty in receiving the apostles ariah, king of Judah, and is called a
into his house, and taking care of them  woman of Jerusalem. She was probwhile desseminating their strange doe- ably born in that city.:2d K i n g s
trine. But Jason was finally liberated. xv: 2.
If he is the same person referred to
by Paul, in Rom. xvi 21, of which we JECONIAH  oR JEHOIAC(HI-Nhave no doubt, he with the others    [Jek-o-ni'-ah,] prep.l~aration or the
named was related to Paul and had        steadfastness of the L5ord.
changed his residence fron Thessalonica
to Ronice                              JECONIAII, or JEHIACI-IIN, was the
grandson of Josiah. 1st Chron. iii:
JATHINIEL —[Jath'-ni-el.]            16. It seems that his father desigWas one of the sons of Shelamiah, nated him as his successor when he
and one of the sacred porters. 1st -was but eight years of age. Indeed,
Chron. xxvi: 2.                     he seems to have placed the honor of
a king upon him  at that:early age.
JAAVAN —[Ja-vanll     t h a t deceives, He was -eighteen:years -old when his
clay.                           father died and he entered Upon the
JAVAN Was the son of Japheth,  sole government of the kingdom  as
and the grandson of Noah. Gen. x: his successor. EI-e reigned only three
2. The posterity of J'avan are re- months and ten days, when Nebuferred to in Isa. lxvi: 19, as also in chadnezzar, king of Babylon, to ok
Ez. xxvii: 13, 19, firom which we may Jerusaleum and captured Jeconiah.
learn that they were a people of very   It was a complete conquest for the
considerable importance, and engaged king of Babylon, for he took the city
uas mlerchantmen. It is generally un- with all its treasures —the king, and
derstood in history that he was the Ihis mother and wives, and all his
father of the Ionians or Gr~eeks.   princes and men of -might, and the
craftsmen and warriors.  2d Kings,:JAZIZ.                             xxiv; 2d Chron. xxxvi; Jer. xxii.
The H-agerite was placed by King   After he had been imprisoned many
David over hisflocks. 1,st Chronicles, years in Challea he was released by
xxvii: 31.                          Evil 3i{erodach, the son andsuccessor,of Nebuchadnezzar. 2d Kings, xxv:
JEATERAI-[Je-at'-e-ra.]              27-30; Jer. lii: 31-34. It appears that
Was of the tribe of Levi, and in the king of Babylon promoted him to
the line of the priests fro01   Aaron to great dignity and honor.  After he
the captivity. 1st Chron. vi: 21.   had b e e n imprisoned thirty-seven
years he lifted him  up from his low,JEBUS-[Je'bus,] treads underlfoot,  co nditio n, spoke kindly to him,
contenns.                       changed his prison garments for the
robes of royalty, and fed him from
JEBUs Was the son of Canaan, and the kings table; and this kindness
the head of the family of the Jebus- continued -until his death.
ites. Gen. x: 16.. In the time of'The prophet Jeremiah was comDavid, they inhabited the ancient city missioned by God to write Jeconiah
of Jerusalem, and round about in the childless-to declare that he should
mountains, anld hbad occupied it for have no children to sit on the throne
many years. They had a strong fort of Judah; and he had none. There
on one of the -mountains that David are seven sons of Jeconiah lmentioned
{ook when he conquered them, and in 1st Chron. iii: 17, 18-Salathiel,
transferred his court fri-om H-ebron to Malchiram, Pedaiah, Shenazer, Jecathat place, or to Mt. Zion, which was miah, Hoshama, and Nedabiah.  We
their strong hold; and a f t e r w a r d s'finld him in the genealogy of Christ as
David brought the ark from Kirjath- given by Matt. i: 11, though the name
jearim, to that place. 2d S a m u e I is changed to Jechonias. IHe is also
v, and vi.                          called Coniah.




JED                [23O]               JEHI
JEDAIAlH-[Je-da'-yabh.]             the family in that tribe called JeezerJEDAIAH was a priest who returned ites. Numb. xxvi: 30.
with nine hundred and seventy-three of
his brethren from the Babylonian cap — JEIDEAI-, 1- [Jeh-di'ah.]
tivity. Ezra, ii: 3B.                 Was one of the ministers in the
temple, under the order of service inJEDIAEL, 1-[Jed-i-a'-el.]           stituted at the tine of David.  1st
JEDIAEL is referred to in 1st Chron. Chron. xxiY: 20..
xi: 45, and xii: 20, from which we
learn' that he was an officer in the king- JERHDEJ[AH, 2.
dom of Israel, and a brave man. I-e   The Mleronothite,. was pla ce d by
was one of Saul's warriors, but he king David over the asses. 1st Chron.
abandoned him, and with several others xxvii: 30.
joined )David at Ziklag, and rendered
him very important service.         JE IIEZEKEL-[Je-hez'e-kel.]
WVas one of the priests appointed
JEDIAEL, 2.                         by David when he divided them into
JEDIAEL one of the sons of Shele- twenty-four orders. His lot was the
miah, was one of the- sacred porters. twentieth. 1st Chron. xxiv: 16.
Ist Chronicles, xxvi: 2.
JEHIEL,  1 —[Je-hi'el.]JEDIDAIH.                             Was the son0 of Lnadae, and a chief
EDIDAIIt waS the mother of Josiah, of the fa mii y. I-He, with his two
who ascended the throne of'Judah, brothers, Zethaml and Joel, was overwhen only eight years of age. She was the treasures of the Lord's house.
the daughter of Adaiah, of Boscath. 1st Chron. xxsii: 8.
2d Kings, xxii: 1.
JE.I-IEL, 2.
JEfDIDIAH - [Jed-i-di'-ah,] beoved   Was the son of Hallchmoni.  He
of the Lorct.                   was mn important man in D) a v i d' s
JEDIDIAIr was a name given by Na- kingdom, ior he is said to have been
than, the, prophet, tol Solomon, to des- with the king's sons. 1st Chronicles,
ignate him - the beloved of the Lord. " xxvii: 32.
2d Samuel, xii: 25. It does not seem
that he was to be called by' that nanme. JETIOADDAN-[Je-ho-ad'den.]
[See Solomon. J:                      Was the mother of A na z i a Ih,  a
king of Judcah, and the wife of JoJEDUTHUN- [Jed-uL-thunr,] his law, ash, the foriner kiing. We know nothwho gives praise.               ing further of this woman, than that
JEDUTHI-UN was probably the-sanme as she was a daughter " of Jerusalem."
Ethan, one of the four great masters 2d Kings xiv: 2, and 2d Chronicles
of the temple music. I-Ie is referred xxv: 1.
to in 1st Chron. xvi: 41-42;, as one of
the chosen men to give thanks unto the JEIHOAIIAZ, 1 —[Je-ho'-a-haz,] thie
name of the Lord, HIe is appointed      prizre or possession of the Lord.
with  iemnan to sound cymbals and   lie was the same as Ahaziah, the
trumpets in the worship of God. H-is grand-son of Jehoshaphat. [See Ahasix sons were heads of so many bands ziah.]:
of the temple singers. 1st (Chronicles,
xxv: 3-17. A good  i any of the JEIHOAHIAZ, 2-Theprize or possesPsalms bear his name, which may sim-  sics of the Lord;
ply import that they were placed in his   JEHOAIHAZ was the son of Jehu,.
hands, or in the hands of his sons, to king of Israel, and succeeded him on
be put to music, and sung by them. the throne. 2d Kings x: 35. He was
As such, are the following Psalms, very wicked, following the example of
xxxix, lxii, lxvii, &e. [See Ethan.]   Jeroboam, the son of Nebat.  The
wickedness of this kinyg was punished
JEEZER-[Je-e'-zer.]                 by the Loil, who gave him  and his
Was of the sons of Gilead in the kingdom up to the fury of IHazael, the
tribe of 3Manasseh, and- the head of king of Syria, who conquerecd him aud



JEE1                [2311                JEE
greatly reduced the ten tribes. It is ity, and was forced by Ezra to put her
said that Jehoahaz, after he was con- away. Ezra x: 28.
quered, had but ten chariots left him,
and fifty horsemen, and ten thousand JEHOHANAN, 5.
footmen, f-or the king of Syria had de- - Was a priest who represented the
stroyed them, and had made them like house of Amariah in the time of Nethe dust by threshing. 2d Kings xiii: hemiah. Neh. xii: 13.
7. This king reigned seventeen years,
when he died, and Joash reigned in his JEIIOIHANAN, 6.
stead. It seems that Joash had been   Was another priest of that name,
installed into the office of king two years who took part in the dedication of the
before, but now that Jehoahaz was dead, walls of Jerusalem.  Neh. xii: 42.
he entered upon the sole government.
JEHOHIANAN, 7.
JET-OAI-IAZ, 3- The prize or posses-   Was the sixth son of Mesheleminh and
sioa of the Lord.                 one of the sacred porters.  1st Chron.
JLIIOAIIAZ, sometimes called Shal- xxvi: 3.
lam, was the son of Josiah, a king of
Judali.  Jer. xxii: 11.  He was not JEHOIADA —  Je-hoy/-a-dah] knowlthe eldest son of Josiah, but he was      edge of the Lord.,supposed by the people to be the fittest   JEHOIADA was the high-priest wh,-ose
to govern in that critical time. Josiah wife, Jehoshabeath. preserved the
had bceen wounded by Pharaoh-nechoh, young prince Joash, from the murderking of Egyp:t, and died at Megidcldo. ous designs of Athaliah, who aimred to
2d IKinos xxiii: 30. But his reign as destroy all the seed royal. 2d Chron.
a king was short; only three months. xxii: 11. Jehoiala the high-priest,
Necholh returning fronm Carchemish a under the direction of God, gave comconqueror, ordered Jehoahaz, -whose mandment that Joash should be made
promotion l!e did not approve of; to king. They acted in concert with him
come to him  at Riblah.  Then  he notwitlhstandinng    Athaliah was then
sturipped him of his royal robes, loaded reigning.  He succeeded in gathering
1him with chbaiin, and took him  as a together a large number of the nobles
1prisoner  into Eoypt, where he died. and captains, and in their presence lie
Jei. xxii: 11. And the king of Egypt put the crown upon the head of young
placd Tehoiakil-m, or Eliakim, the old- Joash, and anointed hinm, and they
est brother of Jelioahaz, on the throne clapped their hands and said, " God
in his stead.  2d Chron. xxxvi: 1-4.   save the king "'  I-c then ordered'the
cruel Athalialh slain, and restored tdie
JEHOAS -   -- [See Joash.]            worship of the true God. 2d Kings,
xi: and 2d Chronicles, srxiii: 16.
70EHUOHANAN, 1-[Je-ho-ha/-nan.]    We have an account of the death of
Was a Korhite Levite, one of the Jehoiada, at the advanced age of one
door-keepers of the house of the Lord, hundred and thirty years, after assistaccording to the appointment of David. ing Joash many years in his reign. iHe
1st Chron. xxvi: 3.                   was a great an d good lm a n andcl   as
honored and lamented in his death.
JEHOITiANAINT, _.                     They honored him with a burial among
Was one of the princes of Judah, at the kings, in the city of David, and the
the reign of Jehoshaphat. 2d Chron. reason given for this honor is, "he tad.
xvii: 15.                             done good in Israel toward God and toward his house."  2d Chronicles, xxiv.
JEIIOHANAN, 3.                        [See Joash.]
Was the father of Ishmael, one of the
"captains of hundreds,"  whom  the JEHOJIAKIIM  or ELIAKI\M- [Jepriest Jehoiada took into his confidence.  hoy'-a-kim,] the resurrection of the
2d Chron. xxiii: 1.                       Lord.
JrHOIAKIM or ETIAImII was the elder
JEH-FIOHANAzN, 4.                     son of Josiah.  lie was entitled in
Was one of the Israelites who had preference to other sons, to be his suetaken a foreign wife during the captiv- I cessor. He may have been taken pris



JEAE  1            [232]              JaEI
oner by the King of Egypt when he lhe had already put Urijah to death,
conquered his father, while his younger but the Lord knowing his murderous
brother was not a prisoner, which ac- designs, kept the prophet out of his
counts for the people making him king. hands. Jer. xxxvi: 26. NebuchladJehoahaz was reigning, when Pharoah- nezzar, the king of Babylon, made
nechelh returned to go to Egypt. He himself master of Canaan-took Jodethroned tile younger brother, loaded hoiakim prisoner and carried him in
himin with irons and took him a prisoner'chains to Babylon. The first time he
to Egypt, but made Jehoiakim  king took him he submitted to the terms
and exacted of him a large tribute. 2d of the king of Babylon, and was reKings, xxiii: 34. IH-e raised the tribute leased and settled on his throne vas a
required and paid it to the King of tributary, but three years afterwards
Egypt who had placed him  on the when he was designing to break the
throne, and had exacted it. He began yoke of the king of Babylon, he was
to reign at the age of twenty-five years, detected and conquered, when Nebuand reigned eleven years. From  the chadnezzar took him and put him to
prophecy of Jeremiah that was made death, and then cast his dead body
against Jehoiakim, it is inferred that into a common sewer, in the manner
he was very wicked. Hle oppressed his of the unburied carcass of an ass; as
subjiects in order to procure money to Jeremiah had prophesied, xxii: 19,
build himself a splendid palace, and " He shall be buried with the burial
he kept back a part of the hire of his of an ass, drawn and cast forth beyond
workmen, and abandoned himself to the gates of Jcerusale li."   This
cruelty and avarice. Jer. xxii: 13-23. cruelty in the murder of Urijah the
He was a hater of the prophets of the prophet, and burying hiMm in a comLord, especially of the prophet Jere- mon grave, seems to be thus visited
mniah, and others who prophesied to upon himself, as the king of Babylon
him, and of him  and his kingdom; puts him. to death and buries his
who warned him  to repent of his body in a common sewer.  -his death
wickedness, and announced to him the is recorded in 2d Chron. xxxvi; 2d
judclments of the Almighty. Urijah Kings, xxiv. Thus the words of the
was one of the prophets who was hated prophetess Huldah are fulfilled, 2dcl
by' Jehoiakim, and who fled into Egypt Kings, xxii: 16.  "I will bring evil
to save his life firom the fury of the upon this place and upon the inhabiking. But he sent a troop of soldiers tants thereof, even all the words of
under Elnathan, the son of Acllbor, to the book."  And the other prophecy
brinz the fugitive prophet back, and was fulfilled, for Johoiakim  hadl no
they found him and brought him. to the son to reign as king after him. His'
king, who slew him with the sword, and kingdom was tributary, and the son
then cast his dead body into the graves who is said to have reigned after him
of tlhe comumdno  people.  Jeremiah three months, was not a king but a
xxvi: 20-23.                       mlere vassal to the Babylonians, " he
In the beginning of the reign of shall have none to sit upon the throne
this king, Jeremiah was comman1lded of David, or rule any more in Judah."
to make bonds and yokes and put Jer. xxii: 30.
them upon his neck-symbolic of the
yoke that the king of Babylon would JEHOIAPJB —[Je-hoy'-a-ribj]
put upon the king and nations around   JEHI-IOIARIB was the head of the
him —  including Israel and Judah. first family of priests established by
Jer. xxvii.  And in the fourth year David. 1st Chronicles, xxiv: 7, and it
of the reign of Jehoiakim, a copy of has been considered that the illustriiJeremiah's predictions were brought ous fam.ily of the Maccabees, debefore hiU.  lie became enraged as seended from Jehoiarib.
they were being read by Jehudi the
scribe —the *king took the roll fromn JEH1ONADAB —[J e-h o n'-a-d ab,]
his hand, and cut it with a penknife,   who acts as a prince..and cast it into the fire, and then sent   JEI-IONADAB was tke son of iReehab.:several of his servants to apprehend 2d Kings, x: 15: Jer. xxxvi. In the
Jerlemiah and.Baruch his scribe. His former passage we ehave an account of
intention was to put him to death as Jehu, the son of Ni3ishi meeting this




JEHl                [233]                JEN
important personage.  Jehu was en- father, had taken fromS the children of
gaged  in  destroying  the house of Ephraim.  His riclhes and his honor
Ahab, and the progeny of the wicked increased as a king of Judah, until he
and idolatrous Jezebel —and meeting became very great. 2d Chron. xvii: 12.
Jehonadab he saluted him, and ascer- "And Jechosh:phat waxed great cxtained  most certa'nly that he was with ceadingly, and lie built in Judah cashim in heart, in the prosecution of a tles and cities of stone.''
reform in Israel, by the restoration of   In the third year of his reign he orthe worship  of the  true God and dered the priests and Levites to go
the destruction of the idolatry that through his kingdom  and teach the
had been encouraged and Fettled by people the law of the Lord. The zeal
the house of Ahab. He- gave the re- he manifested in the ways of the Lord
former his hand, stepped up into his was rewarded, for God made the nachariot and rode withll hi, thereby tions around him to respect and revere
approving his courac, and encourLaging j him  and his kingdom; and some of
him in his work.  The other reier- theml brought hiim presents and tribute
enee is to the deseendants of Jehon- — silver and flocks.
adab, when obedience to the coru-   I-e had a very large army —his enmandc of ther father was tried and rolled militia  numbered one million,
proven. Itt wa.3, probably two hundred  one hundred and sixty thousand, and
and fifty years belbre they were tested hie had five generals in command under
as set forth in the record o0 Jeremiah, hIi m.  Their nanles are given in 2d
xxxv, that Jehonadab lived and gave Chron. xvii: 14-18, viz.: Adualh, J-ethem  the commlandment thlat t h e y hobanan,  Amasilah, Eliada, and Jehozshould drink neither  wine nor strong  abad. These generals are all repredrink. I-Ie livedi n the time of Jehu sented a:i mien of great valor, with large
the reformer, acnd Jeremlliah, in the nunmbers of foldieros nder themn.
time of Jehoiakim.  -c requcired his   Jehoshaphat., in his prosperity and
children to abide bythe custOln  of g.re7atness, fobned an alliiance with
their fathers, as to living  in tents, Ahab, the king of Israel, for which the
cultivating the ground, and the vine. Scripturesa rep-oach hin. I-lo married
They scrupulously observed his corn- his son, JSchorliai, to Athaliab, the
mands —and would not swerve even daughter of Ahab.  As Ahab and his
under the trial that Jeremiah used; house were idolatrous, this affinity led
and because of their faithiulness God him and his family to too great intimacy
promised that " Jehonadab the son of with that which was evil.
Rechab  should not want a man to   He holped Ahab to retake Raanothstand before him forever."            gilead fronm the Syrians, and came very
near losing his life ion account of the
JE6HORAM-[Sec Joram.]                 treachery and meanness of Ahab, who
arranged it to place him in imminent
J E H 0 N A T H A N - [J e-hon'-a- danger.  Hie went into the battle in his
than.]                            robe, and the Syrians  ook him  to be
JEIoNiATIIAN the son of Jzziah, was Ahab, and was about to k ill him.
placed by King David over his store- When he found that he was sorely
houses in the fields, cities, villages and pressed, he cried out, and they, discovcastles. 1st Chron. xxvii: 25.        ering their mistake, permitted him  to
escape, while the king of Israel was folJEHIOSH APHAT- [ Je-hosh/a-fat, ] lowed up and slain. 2d Chron. xviii:
God jizdges.                     33. Jehoshaphat then returned to JeJIOSIIAPI-IAT was a king of Judah, rusalem in peace, when he was aceosted
the son and successor of Asa.  His by Jehu, the son of H1anani, a prophet,
mother's name was Azubah, the daugh- and sharply rebuked for entering into
ter of Shilhi.  1st Kings, xv: 24; 2d the alliance and helping so wicked a
Chron. xvii: 1.  He was thirty-five king as Ahab.  I-Te was assumd by the
years of age when he ascended the prophet that the anger of the Lord was
throne, and he reigned twenty-five against hima, and his family and kingyears. To strengthen himself against dom. Hoe sslmsito have been prrmperly
the kingdom of Israel, lie placed strong exercised under the reproof given him,
forces in all the cities that. ASa, his and set himself to work with the great



JEH                [234]               JEHr
est care and earnestness to repair the  w r e c k e d or dashled to pieces by a
injtlury h1e had done, by good regulation t  4s-torm, at or before Ezion-geber. 2d
and the good order which he establ)ished Chron. xx: 35.
in his dominions, both with regard to.We have an account in 2d Kings,
civil and religious matters.  Ile ap- iii, of Jchoshaphat being associated
pointed honest and able judges, regu- with the second son of Ahab, in warlated the discipline of the priests and ring with the Moabites.  The two
Levites, and required thlll to be punc- kings traveled in the wilderness of
tual and faith-ftil in the observance of Edom for seven days, and they suif
their duties. The Sodoniites were re- fered greatly for water. Jehoshaphat
moved.                              became alrined, and e n q u i r e d if
About the time he had completed there was not a prophet of the Lord
this reformation, he was i nfo r m e d there, by whom they mnight enquire of
that there was an alliance of several the Lord in their extremity. HI-e was
nations against him, the Edomites, answered that Elisha, the son of ShaIshmaelites, IH[aggerites, G i b 1 i t e s, phat was there. Jehoram and Jehos3 oabites, Amlmonites, Amnilakites, haphat went down to see him and enPhilistines, Tyrians a n d Ashurites, quire of the Lord by him. E 1 i s h a
alndl he was informed thlat a part of,seemzed to have strong regards for the
them were alread7 advanced to Haza- King of Judah, and moved by these
zon-tamar, which was only a b o u t regards, gave attention to Jehoraim.
thirty-eight miles fron Je r u s al.  lHe projphetced that there should be a
He weun immediately to the temple, miraculous supply of water in that
and put up prayers to God in coin- valley.  And in the morning after,
panywithhis people. He oproclaimed thle aitooes in the valley had been
a fast throughout all Judah.  The filled with water. The appearance of
Lord looked with -avor upon his hu- the water to the 31oabites, which was
mility, and expressions of need of as thoughI it had been mixed w i t h
divine help, and answered his prayer. blood, induced them to go up at once
By the mouth of Jahaziel he said to against Israel. They thought, fr o in
the king, " Be not afraid nor dismayed the appearance of the water, that
by reason of this multitude, for the there had been a great slaughter, and
battle is not yours, but God's."  The rushed along into the valley to take
king was assured that on the morrow, the spoils. But the Israelites rose up
they should have a victory, and that against them, and smote them.
the victory should be secured on their  Jehoshaphat died after a reign of
part without hard fighting, for the twenty-five years, and was buriedwith
Lord should make them  to "rejoice his fathers, in the city of David, and
over their enenzies."  And so they J e h o r a n, his son, reigned in his
did, for the king and people of Judah stead.  I-Ie had several other sons,
beheld the dead bodies of their fallen whose names are given in 2d Chron.
foes, and for three days they were xxi: 2, to all of whom he gave large
engaged in taking the spoil, consisting portions. He gave them  silver and
of much riches and precious jewels, gold, and precious things, and fenced
and the fourth day they assembled in cities. It was but a little while until
Berachah, and prepared to return in Jehornm, his eldest son, slew all his
triumph to J e r u s a 1 e m. [See 2d brothers.
Clron. xx.]                           The Lord thus visited with vengeA few nmonths after this, Jehosha- ance the house of Jehoshaphat for his
phat sinned against God a g a i n by sin in forming alliance with the idolaforming an alliance with the wicked trous family of Ahab.
Ahaziah, the elder'son of Ahab.  He
joined his fleet with that of the king JEi-IOSJIEBA-[Je-hosh'-e-bah.]
of Israel to go to Tarshish. With   JErsISHEBA w-as the daughter of
this the Lord was d i s p 1 e a s e d, and king Joramn, and the sister of AhaEleazar was commissioned to proph- ziah.  She took lJoash, the son. of
esy against him saying, " Because thou Ahaziah, and secreted him froml the
hast joined thyself with Ahaziah, the infanlmous and -wicked At.haliah, who
Lord hath broken the works."  The attempted to slay the last of the royal
conseiquence was, the whole fleet was family.  She kept himi  hid for six




JEl                [235]               JEl
years from  th at cruel queen, who and the grandson of Nimshli, and he
reigned that length of tinle over the was captain of the army of Jchorain or
land. 2d Kings, xi: 1-3. She is called Jotram, king of Israel. WhIen'Elijah
Jehoshabeath in 2d Chron. xxii: 11. received t h e comimission to anoint
Jehu kiang, he is called the son of' NimJEHOVAR - [Je-ho'-vah]~l the in- shi. 1st Kings, xix: 16; but when
cozmnZlicable name of'-od, sedf- Elisha was sent to execute this commisexi sti'ig.                     sion several years after, he is called the
JEnIuov.MI is the proper and incom- son of Jehoshaphat., the son of TNimshi.
rmunieable name of the divine essen.ce. 2d Ki ings, ix: 2. The prophet came
God revetaled himxelf to Moses by to Johun to anoint him king while he
this name when he called him to the was commnanding the army of Jehoram
work of emancipating his down-trod- at Ramnoth-gilead, the lcing himself
den and enslaved people. " He spake being absent. Elisha did not, go in
unto Mioses, saying, I am the Lord; person to Pamnoth-gilead on this imaand I appeared unto Abrahaml, unto portant errand, bu t he sent a young
Isaae, andl Jacob, by the name of God prophet, who, when he reached the
Almghty; but by my name Jehovah canmp, called Jcehu aside and poured oil
was i not known to them."  The Jewsa upon his head, and said unto him,
had so great a veneration for this "Thus sa-ith the Lord C-aodl of Israel, I
name that they called it the ineffable liav  anoilnte- thee to be king over
name. They Lad such superstitous the people of the Lord,. even over Isregards for it, after their captivity in rael "  He then  told J3eu what the
Babylon, that they left off pronoune- Lordd    determined concermning the
ing I and lost its proper paonunci- house of Ahlab, and the descendant-s of
tion. Whenever the name J ehovaLh Jiezebelz. After the younl  prophet lal
is given to an angel, it is to the cove- thus comiussionedl hi m, he retired
nant angel —le who appearedl in the fiaom  the camp and fled to his home
ofice, though not in the nature of aan that he migiht not be known. Whien
angel. For the Lord Jesus Christ of J e i u returned to the ocfleers fr'om
the New Testament was the Jehovah whom h-le had been called away they
of the Old; and, as saith the prophet asked him who the rman was, and what
Isaiah:  "In all thleir affictions Hie  as his errand. H-e informed them.
was afflicted, and the angel of His t-hat it was a prophet, and that the
presence saval them. In His love andc prophet had declared him king and anin His pity He bare them, and HIe ointed him. They at once acknowlcarried them all the days of old." He cdged that it was firom the Lord,,ul
was with Moses, and spoke to him  blew the trumpet, sayhing, "Jehu is
from out the flame of fire; in the pil- king."  He entered at once on the
lar of cloud and fire from Egypt to conspiracy against the king Joranm;
Canaan, &e.                         and he gave orders to all the officers
and soldiers to stay in camp and carry
JEHJOA BA, 1-[Je-hoz/abad,]   no tidings to Jezreel, and he himself
Was the second son of Obed-edom, made ready and went there to surprise
and one of the sacred porters.  1st Joram, who had been for some time in
Chron. xxvi: 4,                     a state of indisposition, owing to wounds
that he had received in the seige of
JETHOZABAL 2.                      Ramoth-gilead.
Was the son of Shomer. He was   When Joraml heard that Jehu was
one of the mnrdelrers of King Joash in coming, not suspecting any intentions
the house of Millo. 2d Kings, xii: 21. against him, he sent a messenger to
meet him and ask him if all was well
JEHIOZAPDAK —[Je-hoz'a-dak,]        with the army. Jehu ordered the mesWas of the tribe of Levi, and in the senger to join his company without givline of the priests from Aaron to the ing him a satisfactory answer.  Soon
captivity. 1st Chron. vi: 15.       another messenger came up, and he
ordered him as he had ordered the forJEI-TU, 1 —e that is, or exists.    mer, to join his company. Joram may
JI-U WaS said to be the son of Nim- not have knovm certainly, when he disshi; yet he was the son of Jehoshaphat patched his messengers, who it was




JEH                 [2361                JEH
that was coming to him from the army; asked the inhabitants which one of
but as he observed the furious driving Ahab's seventy children they would
of the chariot, nhe supposed it was his place upon the throne of Israel.
general; and in company with Ahaz- They informed him  that they were
iah, the king of Judah, who was visit- his servants, and would in all things
ing him at the time, he set out in his obey him. He then told them to put
chariot to meet Jehu.  As they came all the clhildren of their former king
within speaking distance he asked him  to death, and bring him, as evidence
if all things were well and peaceful in that they had done this, the head of
the army.  His answer astounded the each one of the sons of Ahab.  They
king Jorarm    " ilow G a n1 there be accordingly put them all to death, and
peace so long as the whoredooms of thy the next cday the heads were sent into
mother, Jezebel, and her witchcrafts, his presence. I-He then put to death
are so many!"  Joraln had only time all the relatives and special friends
to turn to Ahaziah and say, "We are of Ahab, iwith the officers of court
betrayecd!"  when an arrow from  the and the priests at Jczreel.  Having
bow of Jehu smlote  him between hi:; done this, Jhnu proceeded to Sainaria
shouldenr and pierced his vitals, so that, in person. and, on his way, he met the
he died in lisi chariot instantly. Jchu friends of Ahaziah, king of Judah,
then gave orders to Bidkar, his captain, going to Jezreel to salut e tl3 u son:o  of
to tale up  I1 lie IeU  s for1n and cas it it the illlClen king of Israel, who were
into the iiel-d of Naboth, the Jezreel- unacquainted with the;cenes that hlad
ite, thus: fnTlflliing the prediction of' the transpired.  Jehu,asked theml  who
prophet Elijal. HI  then orderlcc tihe they wecre, and whither they were gocompany thliat was withl him to follow ing. They told h:im, wlhen he appprcethe king oC Jcudah, who was fleeing for liendecl  theim  and put them  all to
his life, and slay him also; and they death. There were forJty-two of thelm.
did, woundind;    him mortally, and a lit- Ancl meeting Jehonadab, the son of
tie while after he died a't Mleicldo.   -r chab, Ihe t o o k hf hi  up into his
Jehu hlv'inlg scmitten theo kings of chariot oand  told him  what he had
Israel  and Judcah, went on to Jczreel  Lceadly Clone, and wlat Ile would yet
to carry out the purpose of God ex- do; and, wishing him  to be an cyepressed in his commission-tlnc etire witness of his zeal for the Lord of
destruction of the houese of Ahab. As Hosts, he took him with him to Sahe rode to Jezreel, ciezebel, who had maria, when lie slew all that re-mained
painted lier fce and attired herself imh  of Aha;b's; fiamily, not sparing a singl'e
gorgeous apparel, looked out at a win- individual.
cow and,saw him, and then addressed    He then  ealled together the people
him, in substance as follows:  "Had of Samaria, and proposed to them  to
Zimri mucih plosperity, who slew his honor Bnal with a very solemn festimaster? or can ue vwhio has slain his val.  He ord cered all the priests,
master hope for peace?"  Jehu, look- ministers and prophets of Baal, to
ing up to the window, asked if there come together fromi all parts of the
was any one in the  apartment where kingdom, and worship in the temple
she was that favored him annd   his of 3anal, and there was to be no
cause.  Two or three eunuchs looked worshipers of the Hebrew God among
out and answered affirmatively.  He theim. When they wcre all thus tothen bade them. throw her out of the gether, lie ordered his guards to fall
window, which they did, and she was upon   elle in their temiple, and slay
trampled upon by the horses of Je- themC, not allowing a single mran to
hu's company. And then, to complete escape. He then broke down the imthe matter as to her destruction alnd age of Baal, demolished the temple,
fulfill the threats of the prophet, the and reduced the site of the temple to
dogs came and devoured her boldy, so a dunghill.
that when Jehu gave orders to bury   To reward Jehu for his faithfulness
her, nothing could be found but some in cutting off the idolatrous house of
of the principal bones.  2d Kings, Ahab, and destroying Baal, and his
ix.                                   worship in the kingdom  of Israel,
Jehu then sent to Sammria, the cap- God promised hini that his s e c d
ital of the kingdom  of Israel, and should inherit the throne and crown




JEll                [237                JEK
of the ten tribes to the fourth genera- name _(recorded) of Moses's mother,
tion. [See 2d Kings, x.]             while Jcred, whom she bare, is thought
Though Jehu had been the instru- to be a name of Moses. She is reprement in the halands of God in. taking sented as the wife of Eshtemoa.  1st
vengeance on the wicked house of Chronicles, iv: 18.
Ahab, yet he is accuLsed of not entirely forsakhing the sins of Jeroboam, JEI[EL, 1-LJe-i'-el.1
the son of Nebat, Tho made Israel to   JIzEL was a Peubenite, of the house
Sill in worshiping the golden calves.'of Joel, referred to in Ist Chron. v: 7.
It also appears that in exeeuting the
divine purpose and indignation, he JEIEL, 2.
was actuated  by improper feelings,   JEIEL was a Merarite Levite, one
nard motives at times. 2d Kings x: 31. of the guards, or gate-keepers to the
He reigned twenty-eight years over sacred tent.  1st Chron. xv: 18. A
Israel, and when he died, was sue- part of his duty was to play on the
ceeded by his son Jehoahaz. But the harp, or the psaltry, in the service of
reign of this son was made unpleasom t the tabernacle. I1st Chronicles, xv: 18,
because of the war that was carried and xvi: 5.
on by lHazael, king of Syria. This
was commenced in the time of Jehu, JEIEL, 3.
but it was continued for many years-  JrIE  was a principal Gershonite Leand Israel was " cut short " by it. vite, in the time of Jehoshaphat.  1st
His four descendants who followed Chron. xv: 20.
him on the throne of Tsrael, were Jehoahaz, Joash 2d, and Zechariah.      JETEL, 4.
JvEm  wa-s the scribe who kept the acJEHU, 2. —e that is, or exists.      count of the numbers and names of
There was a prophet of this name, king  JTzziah's irregular warriors.  2d
calledl the son of I-anani, who rebuklied Chron. xxvi: 11.
Baasha, the king of Israel, for h i s
wickedness in walking in the way of JEIEL, 5.
Jeroboam, and leading Israel into gross   JEIEL was one of the chiefs of the
sins. ist Kings, xvi: 1. And the same Levites in the timne of king Josiah. 2d
prophet rebukcd Jehoshaphat, the king Chron. xxxv: 9.
of Judah, because he had helped them
that hate the Lord and were ungodly, JTEThEL, 0.
though he had done many good things.   JEIEL was one of those who formed
2d Chron. xix: 2-3.  [See also Baasha a part of Ezra's company from Babyand Jehoshaphat.]                    lon, Ezra, viii: 13, and is probably the
same person referred to in Ezra, x: 43,
JEHUDI-[Je-hu'-di.]                 who had taken a foreign wife.
JE-UlDI was the son of Nethaniah,
and the grandson of Shelemiab.  He JEKAMEAM-[Jek-a-me'-am.]
was sent by the princes of Jehoilkim    JEKAz, %UAMi was a Levite, in the time
to Baruch, after the roll of Jererliah. of king lDavid the fourth, of the sons
that contained declarations against the of H-Iebron, the son of IKohIth.  1st
king. When the contents of the roll Chron. xxiii: 19, and xxiv: 23.
were reported to the king, Jchudi was
required to produce it, and read it in JEi  MAIAl-l-[Jel.-a-mni'-ah. I
his ears. He did so, and the king being enraged, took it froml  him in the   JEKAMIA.HI was the son of Shallum,
midst of the reading, and cut it with a in the line of Ahltai. 1st Chron. ii:
penknife, then threw it into fire and it 41.
was consumed. And Jehudi was not
allowed to read it all. Jer. xxxvi.  JEKUTrtIEL-[Je-lcu'-thi-el.]
J E H U D I J A H —[Je-hu-di'-jah,]   J EKUT IEL was one of the tribe of'
praise of the -Lord.             JucLth, referred to in the genealogy, as
This name occurs in the second gene- the son of Ezra, or Mesed, by his Jewalogy of Judah, and is thought to be a ish wife. 1st Chron. iv: 18.




JEM                [2381               JEP
JEA MIMA- [Je-mi'-mah,] handsone They repeated their entreaties and he
as the day.                     yielded to them, and became their
JEMiMA was the eldest daughter of leader, on the condition that if he was
the man of Uz. Job had been severely successful in an expedition against the
afflicted in the loss of his property, ser- Anmnonites and delivered them, they
vants and children, as recorded in the would acknowledge him as their chief.
first chapter of the book of Job.  I-He They agreed to the proposal, and in
had also been sorely afflicted in the the most solemn manner pl e d ge d
body, and his wife had turned against themselves at the end of the war to
him; while pretended friends ha d make him their judge.  " The Lord
brought the gravest charges against his be witness between us, if we do not
moral and religious character.  But so according to thy words."  Judges,
God justified him, and made the even- x;i: 10.
ing of his life prosperous and happy.   As soon as Jephthah had thus obIn his old age, sons and daughters were tamned the command of the Israelites,
born unto him. Jemima, with her two he sent a deputation to the enemy to
sisters, Kezia and Keren-happuch, were know, why they had taken up arms
exceedingly fair —more handsome than against the.m.  They answered that it
all the w o n e n o f the land. Job, was to retake the territory which the
xlii: 15.                           Israelites took from them when they
first came out of the land of Egypt,
JENMUEL-[Jm'-U-el.I                 and through the deputation they malde
JEmUEEL was the son of Simeon, and the demand  -of Jephthah: " Now
is referred to in Genesis, xlvi: 10. As therefore restore those lands again
he is ranked first, he was probably the peaceably."  Jephthah told them that
eldest son. The same person is called, the Israelites were not in possession
in lst Chron. iv: 24, Nemuel.       of any land except that which the
Lord their GCod had given them, and
JEPHFTHAE    -[Jef'-thah,] he that lhe used the following mode of reasonopens.                          ing with themi: " Wilt thou possess
JEPTIILMU- was one of the judges that which Chemosh thy God giveth
of Israel. H-le was the successor of thee to possess? So will wce possess
Jair, and the son of Gilead by a con- that which the Lord our God gives
cubime. Judges, xi: 1, 2. His father us."  As though he had said, you will
lhad several other children by his law- not relinquish what you may consider
fil wife, and. those children expelled as a nation you hold by divine right,
him fromn the family, because he was or by commandment of your God
the son of a strange woman, for they so we will not relinquish our rightl
insisted that such a child was not to that our God has given us; therefore,
inherit with lawful children.  Like if you will not let us alone we will
Ishmael the son of Abraham, who decide the matter by the sword.
was disinherited, Jephthah withdrew    The Ammonites despised Jephthah
from the family. He retired into the and his reasonings and expostulaland of Tob, where he became the tions, and he at once proceeded to
chief of a band of robbers, or a ma- raise an army for the purpose of conrauding party who subsisted mainly quering them.  While collecting his
by plunder. They were persons with- troops together, and preparing them
out property and employment. and for the contest, the spirit of the Lord
profligate in their manners. It seems calne upon him`a and animated him
*that the Hebrews on the east of the with courage, and inspired him with a
Jordan had been for a long time op- spirit of reliance and implicit confipressed by the Ammonites, and know- dence in the God of the armies of
ing that he was a valorous man they Israel. Judges, xi: 17; IHeb. xi: 32.
insisted that he would espouse their And in the midst of his preparations
cause, and as a captain lead them  he made a vow to the Lord.  "If
against their enemy. He at first re- thou wilt without fail, deliver the
proached the m for the manner in children of Armlon into mine hands,
which he had been treated —the in- then it shall be that whatsoever
justice that had been done him  in cometh forth of the doors of my house
expelling him from his father's house. to meet me, when I return in peace




JEP                [239]              JER
from the children of Ammon, shall with Joshua, brought back a good resurely be the Lord's, and I will port of the promised land. - Numb.
offer it up for a burnt offering."  The xiii: 6.
contending armies met upon the battlefieldcl, and Jephthah conqueredcl, and JERAH1-[Je'-ral,] the qmoon, to scent
his army ravaged the whole country.     or smell.
He r e t u r n e d home and his only  IHe was the son of Joktan, and the
daughter met him with her maidens, grandson of Eber, and is referred to
with timbrels and dances to celebrate in the posterity of Shem. Gen. x: 26.
his victory. At the sight of her, he
was greatly troubled, and at once told JERAIHMEEL —[Je-rah-me'-el] the
her the reason of this trouble. She     mnercy or love cf God.
consented to be made a sacrifice, after  H:e was one of the ministers in the
bewailing her virginity for two months. temple under the order of service inAt the expiration of that time, the stituted in the time of David. 1st
vow was consummated, which in all C(hron. xxiv: 29.
probability, simply involved a celibacy
to which she was devoted. And it is J     E R E M I A H [Jer-e-mi'-ah,] the
said, "That the daughters of Israel     grandezur of the Lord.
went yearly to lament the daughter of   JERElMIAII  was a prophet of the
Jepthah, the Gileadite, four days in the Lord of the sacerdotal race. 1ie was
year."  As long as she lived, they the son of Hilkiah, who was a priest,
went from year to year to talk with probably of the line of Ithamar. He
andl comfort her.                   was a native of Anathoth, and resided
The men of Ephraim became en- in that city, which was about three
raged at him because he did not call miles north of' Jerusalem. From his
on them to help when he fought with commission to proplhesy, as set forth
the children of Ammon, and in their in Jer. i, wve lmay gather that he was
je a  o u s y; they determined to arm  very young when called.  EHe calls
themselves, and destroy him with the himuself a child and begs to be exGileadclites.  He vindicates himasel  cused, on account  of his age, from
but they were still dissatisfied, and in entering upon the office. But young
order to defend himself, he armed the as he was, the Lord promised to be
Gileaditesagainstthe Ephraimites, and with him  and give himl boldness in
fought against them  and conquered the presence of' the wicked against
themi. It is supposed they had two whom he should prophesy. His boldbattles, and the latter was occasioned ness in opposing the wickedness of
by the taunting la nguage of the the kings, princes, and people of JuEphraimnites to the Gileadites a ft e r dah, is represented by a brazen wall.
the first victory. " Ye Gileadites are   Jeremiah began to prophesy in the
fugitives of Ephraim."  Jephthah and thirteenth year of Josiah. We have
his army took the passages of the an account, in 2d Chron. xxxv;.25, of
Jorda.n, and as the Ephraiminites at- his lamenting over king Josiah when,tempted to cross, they were detected lie died, and all the chiefs and matby their dialect. They pronounced rons joined hin in the lamentation,
Shibboleth, Sibboleth, and as they and the day was set apart and annilwere d e t e'c t e d, they were slain in' ally commnemorated in Israel.
great numbers. Jud. xii: 6. "There   Jeremiah was directed to prophesy
fell at that time, of the Ephraimites, in the gates of Jerusalem in the presforty-two thousand.'"               ence of the king and the people, and
After Jephthah had judged Israel urge them  to an observance of the
six years, during which time they had Sabbath day. T h e y had probably
peace, which for thirty years after his violated that command and the Lord
death continued under his successors, was angry with them, and now the
he died and was buried in Gilead.    prophet is commissioned to say to
them:  "Take heed to yourselves,
JEPHUNNE1H-[J e-fun'-n e h,] he and bear no burden on the Sabbath
that beholds.                   day; nor bring it in by the gates of
JEPlIUNNEH  was of the tribe of Jerusalem; neither carry forth a burJudah, and the father of Caleb, who den out of your houses on the Sabbath




JER                 [240]               JER
clay; neither do ye any work, but hal- Egyptians, Philistines, Ph, Phnicians,
low ye the Saibbath   as I commanded Edomites, Arabians, Moabites, Ammonyour fathers. "  Jer. xvii: 21, 22.   ites, Syrians and Persians, as well as
He prophesied  faithfully as God upon the Jews.  And that Nebuehadcolllmanded him; but he complains nezzar should be the instrument under
that he was not received, and that his God to punish them. Jeremiah xxv:
messages were rejected. Jer. xx: 7: 8-38
"I alm in derision daily; every one. It was in the beginning of the reign
mocketh me."                          of Jehoiakim, the son of Josiah, that
He was applied to by the king, to the prophet Jeremiah made yokes of
enquire of the Lord  bor him  as to wood to be sent to several nations by
the result of Nebuchadnezzar  war's war embassador, as a token of their serviagainst him.  I-Te did enquire, and lude  to Nebuchadnezzar, the King of
gave the word of the Lord to the Babylon, and his successors Evil MIerking of Judlah, in which he advised odach and Belshazzar. Jer. xxvii: 6, 7.
him to yield to the king of Babylon; In the fourth year of the reign of Jehoand the prophet foretold a dreadfdul iakiml, the prophet Jeremiah predicted
siege through which the kingdom was terrible calamities that, should come
to pass on account of the sins of the upon the nations of whom he had propeople. Jer. xxi. He reproves thle pheicled that they should be servants to
Jews for their disobedience to God, Nebuchadnezzar, and he reproved the
and foretells the Babylonish captivity Jews, his own nation, for their disobethatwastolastseventyyears. Jcr. xxv. dience and wickedness in abusing the
Pecause of the faitlhful manner in servants of the Lord, and refusing to
which Jeremiah declared the word incline their cars to their words, and
of the Lord and u t t e r e d reproofs foretold clearly the scventy years capagainst then, they apprehended him, tivity. Jer. xxv. It was during this
and some of themr were determined'toi same year that Jeremiah caused his
put him to death. But in this they scribe to write out a copy of all his
did not succeed, for he was acquit- p1rophecies. and present them unto the
ted. Jer. xxvi: 16.                   peopl) on thi  dlay of a fast appointed by
It was about thle beginning of the Jehoialkim.  Tho object of Jeremiah
reign of Jehoiakimn  t hat Jeremiah was to lead tlhe people to repentance.
foretold that the kingdom  of Judah Baruch accordingly wrote the propheand the city of Jerusalem  should be sies, and the fast being in the ninth
rendered a desolation. Pashur, the month of the fifth year of the reign of
son of llumer, the priest, who was the king, as the people gathered tothe chief governor of thie temrple, was gether from all the cities of Judah to
enraged at the prophet, and smote Jerusalem  and to the house of the
him, and plit him in the stocks that Lord, Baruch read it unto them in the
were in the high-gate of Benjamin, chamlber of Gemariah the son of Shapwhich was by the house of the Lord. han the scribe, and as Miclhaiah heard
Jer. xx: 1. The prophet assured his it, he went at once and reported it to
persecutor that he would be punished the princes and great men of the nation
in his person, ancd that he and his in the king's house. They sent Jehudi,
family, with other Jews, should be a servant of King Jehoiakinm to Barueh
carried into captivity: and, further, to come rnto theni with the roll and
that he should die a captive and be read it in their car, and they were
buried in the land of Babylon.        afraid for their king and nation, because
Jeremliah seems to feel very sorely his of the prophecies against them, and
persecutions and trials, and he indulges said one to another,  "we will surely
in bitter complaints. IHe even curses tell the king all these Mrords."  And
the day of his birth.  " Cursed be the they asked Baruch how he wrote all
day wherein I was born, let not the day these words, he told them thatJeremiah
wherein my mother bare me be blessed. pronounced them, and he wrote them
Cursed be the man who brought tidings down with  ink as the prophet proto mny father, saying: A man child is nouneed them. They then went into
born unto thee, making him very glad. " the king and reported the words of
He prophesied calamities that should this prophecy, and the lking sent Jehudi
come upon the various nations called to fetch the roll and read it in his ears




JER               [241]              JER
in the presence of his courtiers, and Godof many captive Jews in Babylon,
Jehudi brought it and began to read it and the wickedness of many who rein the ears of the king. Ite had but, mained in Jerusalem. Jer. xxiv. He
read three or four leaves, when Jehoia- sympathized with the pious captives,
kim stopped him, and taking it from  and sent them a letter containing adhim, mutilated the roll by cutting it vice as to their conduct. EIe urged
with a pen-knife, after which he threw them  to cultivate la nds and build
it into the fire that was burning on the houses, and marry wives and enjoy the,
hearth, and it was consumed. He then endearments of the home-circle, so far
issued orders that Jeremiah and his as it was possible for them  as capscribe should be taken and put to death, tives, and to pray for the peace of the;
but the Lord hid them, and Jehoiakim  country in which they were captives;:
could not find them. His servants for that the bondage was to continue
sought themn in vain. Jeremiah then seventy years, when it should end, and
received commandment from the Lord they should be delivered. He declared,
to prepare another roll, and write in it, a terrible death to be awaiting the two
all the prophecies that were in the false prophets, Ahab and Zedekiah.
former, and then to add other predic-   This letter of the prophet to the captions regarding the unhappy death of tives produced a sensation, especially
Jehoiakim. and that he should have with Shemaiah, a dreamer, who inno son to sit upon the throne of David, formed Zephaniah, the priest, by letter,
and that his dead body should be cast at Jerusalem, and he begged that Jerout in dishonor. Jer. xxxvi:       emiah might be put in the stocks as a.
Jeremiah, during the reign of this madman. The letter was read in the,
king, was appointed of God to try the hearing of the prophet, when he defidelity of the Rechabites to the col- clared the coming ruin of Shemaiahl
mand of Jonadab, their father, which and his family. Jer. xxix. This same
was,''" Ye shall drink no wine, ye nor priest who was applied to, was twiceyour sons, forever," &e.  He accord- sent, by king Zedekiah, to Jeremiah to,
ingly set pots of wine before them, and beg his prayers in behalf of the kingcups, and invited them to drink, but dom. See Jer. xxi and xxxvii. He.
they would not. The prophet approved boldly warned King Zedekiah of the
of their obedience, and declared that it destruction awaiting the kingdom forshould be rewarded, by Jonadab, the the wickedness of the people.
son of Rechab, having representatives   At length the Chaldeans fought with
to stand before God in all future time. the Egyptians, and in: making ready for
In the beginning of the reign of Zed- it they raised the seige of Jerusalem.
ekiah, the successor of Jehoiakim, the Many of the inhabitants thought they
prophet Jeremiah placed a yoke upon would gain advantage  thereby,. but the
his own neck and wore it with a chain, prophet told them in this they wereto signify the slavery of the Jews; and mistaken; for the Chaldeans would;
he advised the king to submit to the certainly take their city and burn itauthority and bondage of the king of with fire.
Babylon as a means of preventing ruin.   About this time Jeremiah was apHis teaching at this time was interfered prehended by Irijah the son of Shelewith by a false prophet named Hanna- miah, who had been imprisoned in a
niah, who approached him and broke dungeon.  King Zedekiah sent for'
the yoke that was upon his neck; and him, to ask him secretly for the word
as he did this. he told the people pres- of the Lord regarding himself as the.
ent that the Lord would in two years king of Judah. He assured him that
break the bondage of the nations sub- he should fall into the hands of the
ject to the Babylonians.  Jeremiah king of Babylon.  And he begged
charged Hananiah with false teaching, Zedekiah not to return him  to his
and assured him that he should be dungeon, as he had given no offencepunished with death that very year. either against him, or his princes, or
Jer. xxvii and xxviii.             his people. The king attended to his.
Jeremiah about this time had his petition, and did not return him to
vision of two baskets of figs-the one the dungeon, but bade his keepers to
good and the other bad,-by which he remand him to the court of the-prison,
represented the piety and devotion to and feed him every day with bread.
16




JE}R               [242]               JER
from the baker's street.  Jer. xxxx ii: or remaining in Jerusalem with him
But there were some of the princes who was the governor, viz, Gedaliah.
that were very greatly offended at I-Ie preferred to stay, and no doubt
Jeremiah's faithiul predictions, and was the fast friend of Gedaliah, until
they begged the king to put him to he was murdered by Ishmael and his
death.  Zedlekiah accordingly gave associates. Jer. xli: 2.
him into their hands to do with him    One of the friends of Gedaliah,
as they pleased, and they threw him  Johanan,. the son of Kareah, who had.
into a filthy dungeon, or rather let advised the governor of his danger,
him down with cords acnd he sunk in and of the intentions of Ishmael,
the mire that was in the bottom of asked the prophet to consult the Lord
the dungeon.                        as to what they should do; and he did
It was not long until Ebed-melech, so, and gave them the result. Jerea servant of the king interested him- miiah xlii. They charged the prophet
self in the behalf' of Jeremiah, and with prophesying falsely, and would
prayed Zedekiah to release him. I-ie not follow his instructions, buit went
accordingly gave him  orders to take and took Jeremiah and Baruch, his
thirty men and go to the prophet and scribe, with them  into the land of'
draw him up from the dungeon; lhe Egypt, and in that country he prophedid so and placed Jeremiah again in sied.
the court of the prison and had food   It is not known when J e r e m i a h
allowed him  every day.  The kinlg closed his days, or in what manner
then sought a private interview with he died, but it is evident that he
the prophet, and pledgedl himself to prophesied a little over forty years,
Jeremiah that he should not die for during the latter part of the reign of'
speaking the truth to him. lie then Josiah, and through the reign of Jetold him if he would go forth and coniah, Jehoiakim and Zedekialh, and
surrender himself fully to the king of while Gedaliah was governor under
Babylon, he should live and the city an appointment of the king of Babyshould not be burned with fire, but if lon, and still later in the land of
he did not, then the city should be Egypt whitlher he was taken by
taken and burned, and he himlself Johanan.
should fall into their hands. Jere-   Jeremiah was the author of the
iniah xxxviii.                      book of the Lamentations, as also of
It was probably about this time that the prophecies of the book of Jere-.Jeremiah foretold the return of the miah. The Lamentations were conm-.Jews from their mllornfutl captivity, posed on the destruction of Jerusa-.ald he bought a. piece of ground lem. He sets forth the miseries of.from Hanaineel his cousin, and had the seige, his own personal and parthe writings drawn  and his claim  ticular afflictions, with the ruins of
clearly certified unto. He subscribed the beautiful temple and city, and the
the evidence and sealed it, and. ih the miseries and hardships of all the peopresence of witnesses weighed the ple, and his language is exceedingly
money and gave it unto the former pathetic. It seems to be the language
*owner of the field. Jer. xxxii: 6,12. of a heart overcharged with sorrow,
This is the first instance in which we and yet seeking for ease in mourning
find written instruments used in such and tears. He has been called the
transactions.  There seems to have weeping prophet, and no wonder, when
been a deed and a duplicate, and the he expresses himself in such language
one that was signed and sealed in the as the following: Jeremiah ix: 1, 2.
presence of witnesses was carefully "Oh that my head were waters, and
preserved in an earthen vessel, as a mine eyes a fountain of tears, that I
token that his seed should return from  might weep day and night for the slain
Babylon and possess it.             of the daughter of my people, &e."
When Jerusalem was taken, Jere- And again, Lamentations, i: 12, "Is it
-miah was released from  his prison, nothing to you, all ye that pass by;
and under the d i r e c t i o n of Neb- behold and see if there be any sorrow
uchadnezzar the captain of the guard like unto my sorrow which is done unto
gave him the choice of going to Chal- me, &c."  Hle breathes in sighs, and
dea, and being well provided for there, speaks in groans.




JERi    N        ~243]                 ER
We may say of Jeremiah, in the cordingly began to set himself about
course of his ministry, he met with preparing for a revolt.  He was demnany difficulties, and had much oppo- tected in his preparations and Solosition and hard treatment froml his mon issued orders to apprehend him.
own people; but he retained his own He saved himself by a flight into
integrity. He was, in truth, a man Egypt where he formed anl alliance
of unblemished >piety, a true patriot with Shishak, the king of Egypt, who
and philanthropist.                was an enemy to Solomon, and hie remained there until the king's death.
JEPlAH —[Je-ri'-ah.]                1st Kings, 11.  Rehoboam, was the
JERIAI was one of the ministers in successor of Solomon on the throne
the temple, under the order of service of Israel. No sooner had Jeroboam
instituted in the time of David. 1st heard of the death of Solomnon than
(Chron. xxiv: 23.                  he left Egypt and returned to the land
of Israel. Being recognized by his
~JERIMOTH, 1 —[Je-ri-motli.]       former friends, at their request he.JEmRI1OTH was one of the sons of went into the presence of the king to
David, and the father of Mahalath, represent them and their cause.' They
the wife of Rehoboam. 2d Chronicles, had  suffered oppression from very
xi: 18.                            heavy taxes under King Solomon, and
desired to have thenm lightened. JeroJERIMOT-IH, 2.                     boam said to Rehoboam: "Thy faJERIamoT was one of the sons of He- ther made our yoke grievous, now
man, and when the lots were cast, and therefore, make tho u the grievous
the singers were divided into twenty- service of thy father, and his heavy
four courses, the fifteenth lot came to yoke which he put upon us lighter,
him. 1st Chronicles, xxv: 22.      and we will serve thee."  The king
counseled with the old men who ad-.JERIMOTIH, 3.                     vised him to do so, but he afterewards
JERnIioTI-, the son of Azriel, was counseled the young men and they
a ruler in the tribe of Naphtali, in the advised contrary, andl he forsook the
time of David.;Ist Chronicles xxvii: counsel of the old men, and followed
19. IHe may be the saime person;(of that of the young men.  The people
that name) referred to in ist:Chronicles, of Israel were enraged at the ibolish
xxiv: 30, who  was a minister in the answer that Rehoboam gave to their
temple, under the order of service in- p.etition, iz.,  "My little finger shall
stituted in the time of David.     be thicker than my father's loins-my
father chastized you with whips, I
JEROBOAM, 1-[J e r - o-b o,-a:m,] will chastize you with scorpions," and
jfighting against, increasing the they revolted and made Jeroboam
people.                        their king.  After he was made king
JEROBOAM was the son of Nebat lhe fortified Shechem the place where
and Zeruah.  When King Solomon he-was crowned and rebuilt Penuel.
saw that he was a daring, bold, enter- The God who had selected Jeroboam
prising youth of the tribe of Ephraim  to be king had promlised hilu that the
hc made him ruler over the house of Ukingdoml of Israel should be estabJoseph, the tribes of Ephraim and lislhed in him and his offspring, if he
Manasseh.'We understand that lie walked in the ways of D)'avid. But'was appointed to levy the tax for he did not; scarcely was he settled on
those tribes.  See 1st Kings xi: 26, the throne until he disregarded the
28. As he left the city of Jerusalem  terms'on which he was to keep it. He
for the purpose of-filling his appoint- sasw some of his subjects in their
ment, he was -met by Ahijah the devotion to God going up to Jerusaprophet, who set forth the future of lem, and the temple to:worship, and
Jeroboam, and of the kingdom of fearing this would result in their going
Israel, by rending a new,garment into back sagain to the king of Judah, he
twelve pieces, ancld giving ten -of the -made two golden calves and set them
tpieces to him. The prophet told him  up, one at Bethel and the other at
that he should be:made king over ten Dan, and ordered his people to wor-,of the Hebrew tribes. Jeroboam ac- ship at those two points, and not en



JER                [2eiT. JER
dure the fatigue and inconvenience of sand chosen men.  2d Chron. xiii:
travel to Jerusalem  to worship. He 17. He had but one pious son, or,
succeeded in thus leading the people rather, but one that came to the grave
away from God, and into gross idola- in peace, and that was Abijah, who
try.  IHe built houses where these died in early life. While he was sick
idols were, and set apart priests that Jeroboam was intensely interested in
were not of the family of Levi, but the ease, and sent his wife to Ahijah,.
fro mL among- the  common people. an agecl prophet, to ask him if his son
And he appointed a great ieast aboutl'should recover. The prophet assured
a month after the feast of tabernacles, her that he should not; and, further,
when he, offered  sacrifices on these -he declared the ruin' that was coming'
altars to the calves which he had  on thie fa n i  y of Jeroboam.  1st
in acle, and burned incense before Kings, xiv.
them. 1st Kings, xii.                  He died after a reign of twenty-two'
About the time Jeroboam was en- years, and Nadab, his son, succeeded
gaged in the ceremonies of the feast him. In about two years he was murat Bethel and the worship of these dered by Baasha at the siege of'
idols, a prophet of Judah appeared'Gibbethon, and the entire family of
among them and cried out against the Jeroboam was put to death and their'
altar, and declared that at some future bodies were left to' be eaten by the
time -a descendant of David, Josiah dogs ancd wild beasts.  1st Kings,.
by name, should pollute that altar, xv: 29.
and should burn the bones of the
idolatrous priests who should serve at JEROBOAM3, 2-FFightig cagainslzt,
it; and then, in token that his proph-   increasing the people.
coy should be fulfilled, he gave a sign   JEuoRo rA.M was the son of Joash,,
at once in the rending- of the altar and thegreat grandson' of Jehu.
anci the pouring out of the ashes, with   This Jerooboanm was also a king of Isthe witheringof Jeroboam's hand and rael, and followed in the way of the
arm in a moment. No -wonder that:forlmer, as an idolater..  I-le reigned'
Jeroboam was alarmed at these de- aboutt forty-one years, during wh ich
clarations, and especially at the signs time'the kinglom of Israel attained
that were given of the truth of the gIreat splendor. But like the former'
prophet's mission; and he besought Jeroboam,. a short time after his death,
the prophet to pray that his hand and the Lord cut off his idolatrous house.arm might be restored. Accordingly The prophet Jonahl is understood to be
the prophet besought the Lord, and prophesying of this king' and the kingthe king's hand was restored to him  domn of Israel in his day, when he repagain as it was before.  Jeroboam  resents the ten tribes in their greatest
then asked the prophet to go with glory,, as he doeskin' 2d Kings, xiv: 25-.
him and take some refreshment and   About twenty-three years. after the
receive of him a reward, but he re- death of Jeroboam, his son, Zechariah,.
fused because the Lord had forbidden succeeded upon the throne, but in six
him; yet he did afterward, and was months he and the entire tifmily werepunished with death, for a lion met murdered,  2d Kings, xv: S. H is
him and slew him. 1st Kings, xiii.  reign was thus short. Ie w a s wicked
These events transpiring in the his- like" the- former Jeroboam, and' Shal —
tory of Jeroboam, did by no means lurm conspired against him, and slew
lead him  to reformation.. He con- lhinm, and:'reigned' in his stead.
tinued to encourage his subjeets toI
idolatry; nay more, he obliged them. JE'R.OHAM-[Jer-o'ham.]
to it, and established the accursedl  Was the son of Elihu and the grand —
system by' law, which finally brought son of Tohu, and he was the father of
on the ruin of the nation.          Elkanah, and hence, the grandfather
Jeroboam was punished in different of' the prophet Samuel. In the geneways. Many of his best subjects for- alogy given of Elkanah, 1st Sam. i: I,
sook him and joined the kingdom of we learn they were inhabitants of thei
Judah. Jeroboam had battles with country of Ephrath, and they are called
Rehoboam and Abijah, his son, in oneI Ephrathites.  So Elimelech and his
of which he lost five hundred thou- family are called Ephrathites of Beth —




IJE1R               [245]                JES
lem-judah, becausef they lived there. with his sons to the sacrifice. After
Ruth, i: 2.                           the public services;were over, or else
before they began, Samuel had a priJERUBBAAL  --      Je-rub"ba-al,].he vate interview  with  Jesse and  his
that revenyes the idol, -let Baal family, during  which interview  the
defend- his cause.                sons of Jesse passed before him, and
The same as- Gideon.;[See Gideon.] he selected the shepherd youth, and
anointed himn as the future King of.JERUSHAH — [Je-ru'shah,] -he that Israel: The following are the names of
possesses the i.nheritance, exiled.  the sons of Jesse: Eliab, Abinadab,
JERIUJSIrA  was the daughter of Za-: Shimma, Nethaneel, Raddai, Ozem and
dok and the wife of UJzziabh, who began David, and the following are the names
his reign piously and prosperously, but cf his daughters: Zeruiah (who was
at last became wicked, and invaded the the mother of Joab, Abishai and
priest's officec; and as a punishment for. Asahel) and Abigail (who was the
this sin was struck with leprosy.  Jo-; mother of Amasa.) Jesse was certham, the son of Jerushah and Uzziah,  tainly greatly honored of'God in that
reigned in the stead of the leprous: the sacred Ki.ng of Israel was selected
father.  We know nothing further of; from his family in the person of David..this woman than is stated above. She And,moreover, most of the kings of
was the daughter of.Zadok, and the the Hebrews, both of the kingdoms of
wife and mother of a king. 2d'Chron.  Judah and Israel, were descendants of
Xxvii: 1.                             Jesse, and in tihe genealogy of Christ
Jesse a p p ear s in the regular line,JESHA13IA- [Jesbha-i'ahj,            of the promised Messiah.  Christ is
One of the sons of Jeduthun. When called the son of l)avid according to
the lots were cast, and the singers were" the flesh, and the Lord of David as a
divided into twenty-fobu  courses, hisl divine perso'nage, and he is called a
lot was the eighth. 1st Cbron. xxv: 15. branch f-rom the root of -Jesse.  Isa.
xi: 1, "' And there shall come forth
-JESHEB'EAB —[Jesh}-ebc-ab,]         a rod out of the stem  of Jesse, and'a
NV as one of the priests appointed byI branch shall grow'out of his roots, &c,"
David.  H1is lot was the fourteenth.   Jesse Jt is likely was growing old
Ist Chron. xxiv: 13.                  when David;his younger son  was
selected as tGIe successor of Saul, and
JESIhUAH —[Jeshlu-ah,] a -saviox,    keenly felt the separation when David
Was one of the priests appointed by was received into the kings court, and
-David when he divided t-heIen    intor became the constant attendant of tlhe
twenty-four orders. HIis lot was the diseased king, as a musician, but lae.ninth.  1st Chron. xxiv: 11..        still more keenly felt the exile of David
when'Saul'was seeking to kill him. He
JESSE-i[Jes'-se,] to be my present.  fled to David -fearing for his own life
JESSE was the son of Ohbed and the and t;hat of his family. But on account.grandson of Boaz, and he was the of the feebleness and infirmities of age,
father of David. In Ruth iv: 18-22, he with his wife could not attend David
"his genealogy is traced back as far as so as to be -supported -and protected by
Pharez.  He bad seven  sons anld him. Accordingly David went to Miztwo daughters, whose names are given pah of Moab, and made an arrangein 1st Chron. ii: 13-16.'The prophet with the King of M.eoab for the protee-'Samuel was sent to the house of Jesse, tion of his lather and mother.  He
to select fronm among his sons a suc- was unwilling to risk his parents any:cessor on the ltlrone of Israel, when longer within the reach of Saul, and he'Saul was rejected from  being king. knew that they -could not.endure the
-Samuel seemed somewhat reluctant to'iardships and fatigues of -military life,
go to the house of Jesse and anoint one Jesse went to the King of Moab and
of his sons to be king, lest Saul shoucld dwelt while David "was in the hold."'hear of it, and kill him. The Lordcl How long he remained in Moab we do
commanded the prophet to go to Beth- not know. It is supposed by some that
lehem with a sacrifice, and as he called when David fled under the direction of
the elders of Israel:he.cailled:Jesse.,also tfhe pro6phet ~Gad to the forests of




JES                [246]               JES
Hareth, the Moabites murdered Jesse Joseph; andl lhence thd Evangelists
and his family, and that was the reason under inspiration, have thus gi v e n
why ]David afterwards considered ancl his genealogy.  The conception and
treated the Mdoabites as enemies. 1st birth of Jesus, is narrated specially
Sam. xxii. He smote the Moabites. and particularly'in Matthev i: 18-25,
2d Sam. viii: 2.                      and Luke i. He was conceived by
the Holy GOhost? born of the Virgin
JESUI-[Jcs'*u-i,] who -is equal, fiat Mary. Infidels Ihave daredl to cavil,
country.                       and indeed tot indulgee in obscenity,
JTESUI Was of the tribe of Asher, andcl wicked expressions regarding the
and the head of the extensive family conception and birth of Jesus. But
called Jesuites. Numbers xxvi: 44. we will always, admire the love of God
This person is referred to in Genesis in providing such a Savior for man,
xlvi: 17, under tle name Ishauh.      and his wisdom in providing  him in,
such a way. He was made of a woJESUS-[Je'sus,] the holylv name Je- main,  made under the law, to redeem
sus, Savior, who saveth his people suchl as were tinder the law.   He
fi om their sitns.               identified himself with humanity, by
JEsus is the name by which our taking upon him our nature. Woman,
blessed redeemer is called, and thle who was first in tlhe, transgression, is
reason given why this should be his honored in being the  mother of the
nalne is, "for he shall save his people Savior of the transgressor.
from  their sins."  M'atthew  i: 21.   On te eighith day after his birth,.
Thi:; name was given by the angel of he was circumcised, and the nalme
the Lord, who appeared unto Joseph which was given him  by the angel,
in a cireaml, informing hinm that the was settled upon hil, anld recorded
coming son of his espoused wife was according to custom. Luke ii: 21.
thoe    e s s i a h —the long-looked for "And when eighl;  lays were accoeSavior of mankind. Consequently as plished for the circumcising of thle
soon as the son of MBary was born, child, his name was called J esus 
Joseph called hisname Jesus. For the which was so named of the angel,
divine character of the Savior, see before he was conceived in the
Christ.                              womb."
The history of Jesus is full of in-   We have an interesting account of
terest. It abounds witla striking in- tie Magi passing through Jerusalem in
cidents that will be read with deep': earch of the new-born king of the
emotion by our redeemed race, down' Jews. Matthew, ii. They ha d. an into the latest generation. Every line terview with Herod, the king, wlho was
of the recorded history of Jesus, is troubled on account of their embassy,
fraught with infinite and intense inter- and the earnestness they manifested,
est to man, from. his birth in the man- and the confidence they expressed, that
ger in the stable at Bethlehem, to his the king of the Jews was born. JIcrod
vicarious death upon the cross.      succeeded in hiding his fear and trouble
The first thing appearing in the re- from the 3/Magi, as he gathered together
corded history of J'esus is, his geneal- the readers and expounders of the law
ogy as given by Matthew  i: 1-16. and prophecy, and demanded of them
This is the genealogy by the side of "'where' Christ should be born," and
Joseph, his reputed father, because they told him in Bethlehem, of Judea.
he married his mother, and here is H1Ie then charged them. when they found
the line fronm  Joseph the son of Ja- himn to bring him word, that he might
cob, to Abraham.                     come and render him homage. His inSt. Luke gives his genealogy by the tention was to put him to death, but his
side of M3Lary, his real mother, from  plan was thwarted, for after the Iagi
Joseph, the son-in-law  of Heli, to found himt and presented him  with
Adam, the federal head of the human their gifts of gold, frankincense and
family.                              myrrh, they were instructed by the
It would seem to be more importanut Lord to return to their own country
to trace his lineage through Mary, his another way than through Jerusalem.
real mother, on up to Adam, than to Joseph and MIary probably used the
have traced it to our federal head in presents of the Mlagi, to bear their ex



JES                 [247]                JES
penses in their fi i g h t i n to Egypt, waited for the consolation of Israel, was
whither they went under the direction inspired to see in the person of that
of an angel, to clude the grasp an d: child, the Lord's Christ. He had been
power of the wicked H-ierod. The king: divinely informed that he should not
of the Jews, became greatly enraged die before he had seen the Savior of
when he found the lMa.gi did not bring mankind; and as he entered the temhim word as to this new-born king, and ple that mnorning, and looked upon the
hle vented his fierce rage upon the famn- parents and upon the child Jesus, he
ilies of the city of Bethlehem, by issu- saw the Messiah;  and taking the child
ir- a decree that the mlale children from the ari ms of the mothher to his own
under two years of age, should all be arms, he said, "Lord, now let-test thou
put to death. The decree was exe- thy servant depart in peace, for mine
tuted, and thereby the prophecv of eyes have seen thy salvation which thou
Jeremiah fulfilled. "A voico was heard hast prepared be-ore the face of all
in  talmah, lamentation and b i t t er people-a light to lighten the Gentiles,
weeping; RIachel weeping for her chil- and the glory of thy people, Israel."
dren, refusecd to be comforted for her   It was pro.ably while Sirmeon was enchil d r n, because they were not." gaged in praising Go-d in rapturous
TJer. xxxi: 15. Though these words strains, that Anna-, a prophetess, came
were originally spoken relative to the in and spake of him  to all them  that
captivity of the ten tribes, they are looked fbr redemption in Jerusalem.
here applied to the murder of the inno- Luke, ii: 2'-38.
cent children by Herod, in his determi-   The only circumstance recordccl furnlation to kill Jesus.                 ther of the chiidhood of Jesus up to
Not long after this, I-Ierod put his twelve years of asoe, is, that "he grew,
s o n Antipater to death, and five d a y s and waxed strong in spirit, [wasj filled
aftewards lhe died a most h o r r i b 1 e   ith wisdrnt; td the grace of God
death. When he was dead, an angel was upon him:'  that is, his body was
rof the Lord appearetd to Joseph in his in perfect health acnd fully developedexile in Egypt, with Marv and the the mental powers also expanded. His
young child, and told him  that Herod excellency as to moral nature was made
and Antipater were dead, and that manifest more and  lore, for lie grew
Archelaus had the kingdom  of Judea in the favor of God. I-e manifested
apportioned to him, anid was reigning the graces of the Holy Spirit, and the
there.  The an,gel bade Joseph go with glory of his divine nature.
the 3young child and his mother, into   When he was twelve years of age he
Israel.  And he went to Nazareth and went up with his parents to celebrate
dwelt; there, and this dwelling of the the Passover, an annual feast of the
fatmily at Nazareth, as they did for Jews. Hce liay have attended them
many years, gave Jesus the title of the before in their annuial visits, for they
Nazarene.  Matthew, ii: 23.            went every year; and the law required,
Forty days after the birth of Jesus, anciently, that all the mench children apaccording to the Jewish law. his pa- pear before the Lord thrice in the year.
rents brought him to Jerusalem, to pre- Ex. xxiii: 17, and xxxiv: 23. Though
se n t him in the temple, and offer the Jesus may have been at Jerusalem  at
customary sacrifice.  The 1 a w is re- the feasts before, yet nothing peculiar
corded in Lev. xii: 2-6. It seems that and striking had transpired so far as
his mother took the benefit of the pro- the records show. It is likely that the
vision made in that law for the poor, ale of twelve years was that at which
while the rich brought their lambs of the parents were required to bring their
the first year, the poor brought a p a ir children to the great feasts without
of turtle doves, or two young pigeons. fail, that they mlight witness the cereMary being poor, brought the sacrifice monies of the feast, and probably take.
of a pair of turtle doves, or two young a part in some of the exercises of worpigeons, and so prepared herself ac- ship of which they were capable.
cording to law to appear in, and take   After the eight days of the feast were
part in public worship.               acconmplished,-the Passover day and
It was while she presented  Jesus the seven days of unleavened bread,thus in the temple, that Simeon, a de- Mary and Joseph started for Nazareth,
vout and holy man, who had long their home, and they traveled a day's




-E8      ~    [248]                JES
journey before they folnd that Jesus iii: 13; lMarkL  i: 9; Luke iii: 21;
was not with them. It is probable that John i: 32. Jesus went from Galilee
the men andd women traveled in sepa- to Jordan to be baptized, and he derate companies, and that the children nma n d e d baptism  of John, who it
sometimes traveled with the men and seemns was well satisfied of the exalted
sometimes with the women, and that character of Jesus, and earnestly opMary supposed Jesus was with the posed- it. I-low strange, that le wtho
company of the men, and Joseph sup- had baptized the inhabitants of Jerunposed he was with his mother; hence, salem, the country of Judea, and all
they traveled until evening befbre they the region round about Jordan, now,
found that he was left behind. They as Jesus approaches him as a candiimmediately turned back to Jermsalem, date for baptism, urges objection on
and the third day they found him in the grounld that he was not worthy to
the temple sitting in the micdst of the baptize him. " I have need to be hapRabbi, or teachers. He was liitening tized of thee, and comest thouto me."
to them as they taught their disciples But Jcsus   rgned it on the ground
regarding the law, the doctrines, and that it was an ordinance of God, the
ceremonies of the Jewish religion. But author of that dispensation-" suffer
lie had not contented himself with it to be so now; for thus it becomes
hearing them, for he asked them ques- us to fulfill all rigihJeousness."  Jesus
tions, and confounded them  with his probably intended, that as b a p t i s m
wisdom and knowledge. Though they was the initiatory ordinance into the
were teachers of the law, he was not dispensation of J-ohn, which was the'among them as a scholar to learn, but preparation for his own, to give the
he assumned the position of a teacher dispensetion and baptisu of 3lohn his,of these teachers.  ie proposed ques- sanction. And again, as Jesus was
tions as a teacher proposes questions to himself to be the high priest over tho
lhis pupils, and thein gave the answers house of GCod, it was important that
*and explanations in order to instruct; he should be properly inducted into
for it is said " they heard him- and the office. John was the only proper
were astonished at his understanding person then living to initiate him, for
and answers."                        lie was the forerunner or messenger
His mother approached him with a of the MIessiah. The Jewish high
degree of amazement, to see hiin in priest was inducted into  the office
the temple thus, and makling himself with washing with pure water, anointfamiliar with the Rabbi.  She said ing with holy oil, and the offering of
affectionately, "Son, why hast thou sacrifice. Flence Jesus was baptized
dealt thus with us?  Behold thy fa- or washed with water, and anointed
ther and I have sought thee sorrow- by the Holy Ghost, while the devoin~g."  The answer that he gave her, tions of the subject of the ordinance,
may have b-en intended as a gentle and of the aclministrator, and of the
reproof, but it certainly does not ex- already diseipled multitude, was the
press a want of feeling for her on his sacrifice, which sacrifice was acceptpa.rt, or a disposition to insubordina- able to God, for the Holy Spirit detion. HFe said, "'I-ow is it that ye seended in the form  of a dove, and
soughlt nie?  Wist ye not that I must lighting upon the head of Jesus, a
be about my father's business." lHe voice was heard speaking from heaven
-may have meant that they need not to saying, " this is my beloved son, in
hlave been concerned about himn, whom I am well pleased."  Matthew,
knowing him  as they did. As they iii: 13-17.
left him in his father's house, or at   The next important circumstance in
the temple, they might have been sure the history of Jesus, was his tempta-,that he was there yet. Though this tion in the wilderness. IMatt. iv: f-1l
saying was not fully understood, yet Iand Mark i: 12, &c. It seems that he
MIary kept it with many other sayings went into the wilderness very shortly
in her heart, as the few following after his baptism, and that ihe was still
years rolled on. Luke ii: 41-51.     under the especial influence of that
The four Evangelists have given us spirit that sat upon him in the bodily
~an account of the baptism  of Jesus I shape of a dove; he was "led up of,byJohn the baptist in Jordan.   lat. i the spirit into the wilderness to be




JES                 [249]                JES
tempted of the devil."  Here we have built by Herod upon the  masonry
the first act of our Savior's ministry rnar- wall that King Solomon built froi
rated; the official account of the first the valley to increase the area of the
battle lihe fotught as the captain of our temple site.  Josephus tells us that
salvation. It was a combat with Satan, its height was seven  hundred feet,
and Jesus was the victor. HI-e went and the eyes were almost unable to
into the wilderness for t lis special reach so vast a depth.  The teinpetapurpose.  And like Moses the great tion of Jesus is expressed in the follaw giver of Israel, when on the mount lowing language by Satan: "If thou
of God within the foldings of the cloud be the son of God cast thyself down,
that capped that mountain, fasting for it is written he shall give his anforty days and forty nights; and like gels charge concerning thee; and in
Elijah, who went in the strength of one their hands they shall bear thee up
meal firty days, Jesus fasted in the lest at any time thou dash thy foot
wilderness. Thus we have a representa- against a stone."  Jesus had lreacdy
tire of' the patriarchal age in the per- maintained the position that he was
son of M1oses, a representative of the the Son of God, by resisting the forprophetical age in the person of Elijah, mer temptation, and now he is called
arnd Jesus of the Cllhristian age, isting upon to give an exhibit of his heroforty  days and  forty lnights,  and ism.  I-Ie is requested to prove the
thoough  nothing is said of the in.on- divinity of his mission  by leaping
venience  endured by the two former froin the sumlmit of that; porch down
from  fasting, yet of Jesus it is said into the depth of the valley of the
"Blie hungered."                      Kidtron, and thus astonish the world
The temptation of Jesus was of three by a leap of seven hundred -eet wi Aihkinds, there were three special and out realizing injury. But Joestis unparticular onsets, and how judiciously, sheathed the sword of the Spirit andl
speaking after the manner of men, were  stmruck at Satan  by saying: " it is
they made.. First the tempter said: written thou  shalt not tempt the
" If-' thou be the son of God, command Lorcd thy God."   While the former
these stones, that they be made bread."'' appealed to the animal appetite, this
As though hle had said, why art thou latter appealed to thle  ctctalc tastcshere sulfering the cravings of hunger, the love of show and the gratification
whlen if thou art what thou claimnest of universal admiration.  Again he
to be, thou canst make bread,' and so put his enemy to flight.  But a third
meet the pressinKg wants of n-ature. time Satan approached Jesus to tempt
Jesus answered him':  "It is written him. It is said he " taketh himu up
man shall not live by bread alone, but into an exceedingly high rountain
by every word that proceedeth out of and showeth him all the kingdoms of
the mouth of God."  Thus with the the world and the glory of thenl, and
sword of the spirit as a heaven invented saith unto him: All these things will
weapon, he struck at his foe, and as I give thee if thou wilt fall downv and
Satan beheld the blade gleaming in the worship me."  We may suppose that
light, wielded so dexterously by the Satan pointed in the direction of the
hand of Jesus, he fled before him.    different kingdoms of tlhe world, and
Shortly after this temptation he painted their glory with his' decepwent to Jerusalem  and entered the tive tongue-represented his position
temple, and he occupied a position as  "the  God of this world," and
for a time on what is called a "pin- promised Jesus unlimited  lordship
nacle of the temple," which was prob- if he would fall down and worship
ably the king's gallery, or as it is him. Here was an appeal to ambitermed So0lo,on's porch.  This was a tion. The rock on which many have
magnificent piazza which was founded split.  But Jesus unsheathed the
on a vast terrace that was raised from  sword of the spirit again and drove
the  valley  beneath, four hundred the tempter from his presence as he
cubits high, for the purpose of giving said " Get thee behind me Satan, for
foundation for the temple, according it is written thou shalt worship the
to the plan presented in the draft of Lord thy God, and him  only shalt
the Almilghty architect, or rather it thou serve."   After Satan had  dewas the sumiuit of the royal gallery parted from  him  angels came and




JES                [25o]                JES
ministered unto him. The darkness making an attempt to destroy his life
of a night of temptation receded, and by casting him  down the hill on
the bright, clear light of a beautiful which the city stood; but they were
day dawned upon him. The faintness not allowed to do this. TI-o quelled
of hunger, and the fatigue of the ter- their murderous -fceling tovwardl   him,
rible combat through which Jesus or placed sonme obstacle in their way
hlad passed, was soon counteracted as so that they could not'llaml him, and
angels spread a table before him, and passed from  their midst awxny fi'ro
waited on him and su-pported him as the city. Luke, iv: 1G-30.
he ate. Matt. iv: 11.                   Thibs treatment of Jesus was, probaJesus then left the place of his bly the caluse of his changing his resitrial and triumph, and  ent into Gali- deuce to  Capernlum. And slhortly
lee, but lie did not tarry there long, afteor comneiencing his residence there,
and for some cause changed his resi- he called hi, f'ist  disciples fromi their
deuce fronm N azarethi to Capernaum, a employment as fisaiers on thl sea of
town situate oni the western shore ofC Galileo. They were Sirion Petcr and
sea of Galilee. I-Te wass born at Bcth- Andrew, hi-i, broter, tand Jame iland
leheiim, spent his childhood and youth  John, thle son; of Zebedee.
at Nazareth, but Capernaunm was hias      e  ve 1a 1  uaccount carlier than
home duriing his ministry.  MTlatt. iv: this of Andrewv', faith in Christ a-: the
13. The first place at which Jesus T3essiah, and his laudlablc zeal, and
preached in comlmencing his ministry successiul cfiort to lecad his botier
was in the synagogue in Galilee. At iPe'er to erabr-ce the fiith  thl t lie
Nazareth, he preached probably the had. John i: 40. H-lence we raiy
first sabbath after lie arrived at holme. suppoce that Jesus Iw as, acqlqnated
And this is the first accounlt we have with tlie~  two fi ihermcn, c'd theCy
of his preaching, and the foundation with himn, when he called t1lni to be
of his dciscourse was a remarkable " fisshe s of men.' Mathiew iv; IS:
prophecy of himself, recorded in Isa. Mark i: 16. And soon ater this lihe
lxi; 1.  "The spirit of the Lord increased the number of his disciples
God is upon me; because the Lord  to twelve.
hath annoilted me to preach good   Jesus attended a marriage in Cana,
tidings unto the meek; he hath sent of Galilee, where 3ie peritorimed the
me to bind up the broken-hearted, to miracle of changing water into wine
proclaim. liberty to the captives, and in the presence ofr' his niother,  his
the opening of the prison to them that disciples, and some of the servmnts,
are bound," etc.                     and other guests. John ii: 1. And
Ile infornied the worshipers in the after th  marriage rrige st was over, he
synagogue at Nazareth that the scrip- went with his mother to Capernaum,
ture he had just read was fulfilled. and was there a few days, when the
They heard with astonishment, but Feast of the Passover came on, and
would not receive his word, for they Jesus went up to Jerusalem to join in
said: "Is not this Joseph's son?' the solemn ceremonies.
Jesus knew their thoughts and unbe-   This was the first Passover Feast
lief, and said unto themll: "A prophet after the baptism  of Jesus, and he
is not without honor, save in his own may have exercised some authority
country and among his own kindred." about the temple, as indicated in John
They seemed to draw conclusions, ii: 13-17, though nimany suppose that
from what Jesus said unto them, that the circunistance  recorded there of
he had inteiided to tell them that the the cleansing of the temple by driving
Gentiles were more precious in the out the money changers, and those
sight of God than the Jews, for he that sold doves, with a scourge of
had referred them to the goodness of small cords, &c., refers more particlGod to the widow,, Serepta, in provid- larly to the act of Jesus recorded in
ing for her during the dearth and Matthew xxi: 12; Mark xi: 15; and
famine in Israel; and he had referred Luke xix: 45. If so, then Johni anthem to Naaman, the Syrian, who was ticipates three years, for these latter
cleansed of his leprosy while Jewish quotations refer to the fourth Passlepers remained unclean; and in their over Feast during his ministry, which
wrath they drove him fromn the city, was just before he was condemned,




JuES                [2511]              JES
and crucified. During this fe,ast, he house of Peter.  It is likely Peter's
taught the people, and many of those housewas his Capernaum home. Jesus
who heard him believed on himsn. His belongcdl to Peter's fmily; Ilence, we
teachings were pure, and his nmiracles find in Tlatt. xvii: 24, that the tributestrong attestations of his divinity.    receivers came to Peter and demanded
Shortly after this, he had the impor- tribute for hiln and his master, and
tant conversation with Nicodemrus on Jesus provided Peter with money in
the doctrine of the new birth, —Johm, t-he mouth of a fish with which to pay
iii: 1-13, —in which hel taught its ne- tribute for them both. But as Jesus
cessity, and the importance of faith in entered into Sinmon's house, he saw his
his testimony.                        wife's mother under the influence of
I-Ie left the country of Judea again a imalignant fever, and he cured her
to go to Galilee, and in making the with a word, so that she rose up at
journey passed through Samaria; and once and ministered unto them. NLark,
when he canme to Sychar, which was i: 30; Matt. viii: 14; Luke, iv: 38.
tho ancient Shechem —then a somne-what   It was probably ablout this tiume.that
important city, near which was Jacob's Jesus preached his mecorable serwcll —he did not go himsclf into th.e mon on the A3ount, recorded in Matt.
city, h)ut stopped at the well and sent Y, vi and vii, and a similar sernmon. not
his disciples in to buy provisions; and on the mountains, but in the plain rewhile alone lat the weIl le had the con- corded in Luke vi: 17-49.
versation with the wonan of Salaria,   About this time, he cured a Ileper,
during which he satisfied her tlhat he who camle to hin and besought Ilim to
was the BIessiah.  And she so far de- 1make him clean; and he char-.ed the
clared   ce r convictions as to induce  cleansed leper to go iand lhow hinsmelf
many of the Samaritans to lbelievc on to the priest, and ofer the gii% for cleanhim, who went to him and besought sing required by the Miosaic  lva. Mark
hlim to tarry with them, and he dlicl i: 39; MlaJt'hew viii: 1; Luke viii: 22.
two days, during which timne many oth- Immediately after t'hi, he went into
ers heartd for themselves, and believed Capernaum, and on being applied to
not on the evidence of the woman by a centurion to heal his soenant.,
merely, but on what they thencselves who had been suddenly struck with
heard; for they said, "We have heard paralysis, he signified his intention
liai ourselves, and know that this is to go, but upon the centurion asking
indeed the Christ, the Savior of the him to cure him with a word, Jesus
world."                               did. Luke vii: 2; Matthew viii: 5.
Havi`ng spent two days at Sychar in   The day after he had cured tle
Samaria, in company with his disciples, servant of the centurion, he left Cahe went into Galilee, and in'Cana of pernautm, ancl went to Nain, and as
Galilee he cured the son of a nobleman. he came near the citv, he nMet a funeral
The noblemian was of Capernaum, and train.  The deceased was the only son
had applied unto him, and expressed of a poor widow, with whom the instrong faith in his healing power; with habitants of Nain greatly sympathized,
great earnestness he begged him  to for they attended the stricken mother
heal his son. Jesus said unto him, to the burial of her son.  "Much
"Go thy way, thly son liveth."  Hle people of the city were with her."
remained at Cana, but cured the noble  Jesus had compassion and comforted
man's son at Capernauim. John, iv. the woman.'He bade the bier-bearAfter he had been at Cana a short ers stop, and then called the young'time lie returned to his home at Ca- man back to life, and gave him to his
pernaum, and on the  Sabbath day mother. -Luke vii: 11.  About this
taught in their synagogue, and aston- time, or not long after, he was waited
ished the people with the miatter of his on by two of John's disciples with
teaching and the manner of his deliv- the question, "Art thou the Messiah,
cry, for le taught with authority; but or do we look for another?"  His
his teaching was attended with miracle- answer to them was, "Go your way
working power, for there was a demon- and tell John what things ye have
iae in the synagogue whom he cured. seen and heard, how that the blind
Mark, i: 23. After the synagogue ser- see, the lame walk, the lepers are
vice w a s over, he entered into the cleansed, the deaf hear, the dead are




JES                [252]                JES
a is e cl, to the poor the gospel is christianity-t h at Phariseeism  and
preached."  Luke vii: 22. T he s e christianity could never harmonize.
disciples reported to John, and he And while Christ was engaged in adgave his testimony to thle truth of dressing these Pharisees, a c e r tai n
C(lrist's Miessiahship, and.gave them  ruler of the synagogue of Capernaumn
to u n d e r s t a n d that they were no came to himi  and with great earnestlonger to complain that his glory was ness, besought him  to come to h is.being eclipsed in the rising popularity house and cure his little daughter,
of Jesus. I-Iis language is, "he must who was lying at the point of death.
increase, but I nust decrease. John The ruler had faith in Jesus and his
iii: 30.                              healing power, for lihe said, " come and
About this time Jesus and his dis- lay thy hand on her, and she shall live. "
ciples were crossing the sea of Gali- He immediately started with him to his
lee, and a great storm of wind arose house, but on the way a crowd gathered
and the waves of the tempestuous sea about him and among the crowd were
were threatening to destroy them, so diseased persons, one of whom was a
tlaht the disciples were aftaid a nld woman whose disease was of twelve.awoke their rmaster who was asleep. years standing, and a distressing one, for
Jesus saw their fears and charged it excluded her from the congregation
theim  with a w'ant of f:ith in him. of Israel. She pressed her way through
He then   1 o k e to the winds and the crowd and touched tm heeni of
waves, and ther e was a sudden calmn. Jesus' garment, and was cured. As
Mark iv: 3;7; Mtatthew viii: 24; Luke soon as opportunity afforded, Jesus and
viii: 22. The storm.I having ceased, the ruler passed on, but before they
they made l saf-e landing, anmd nro- reached  the house, intelligence was
ceeded to the country of the Gerge- brought the anxious father,   "thy
senes, where he emet the demoniac of daughter is dead."  Jesus comforted
G ladara, and cast the devils  out of his sorrowing heart, and hastened on to
him, who, when they were cast out, the dwelling, and putting all that were
were permitted by Jesus to enter the present out of the appa.rtment save the
herd of swine that were feeding on tather and the mother of' the dasel, lihe
the plain, and the whole herd ran took her by the hand and commanded
into the sea and perished, while the her to arise, " and she arose and
demoniac, clothed in his right mind, walked, for she was of the age of twelve
returned to his home, and to his fam- years. Mark v: 22-42 and iMatt. ix:
ily. Matthew viii: 28; Mark v: 1; 18-25. When Jesus departed thence
Luke viii: 27. Jesus then reerossed he was followed by two blind men who
the sea of Galilee, and came to Caper- expressed their faith in him  as the
naum, when they brought unto him a Messiah and begged him to restore the1
man sick of the palsy to be cured. to sight. -Hec asked them if they believed
Jesus saw their faith, and the faith he was able to do it? They answered
of the palsied man, and said, "Son, him, Yea Lord. He then touched their
be of good cheer, thy sins be forgiven eyes andl gave them sight. Matt. ix: 27.
thee."  IHe healed the soul, while he These men that were cured of their
cured the body.                       blindness, spread abroad the faime of
There was an objection raised by Jesus in all that country, and it may be
some of the scribes to the form of ex- that they brought the dumb man pospression used by Jesus-they called it sessed with a devil, who was relieved,
blasphemy. But he claimed the right for Jesus ecast the devil out of him, in
as God to forgive sins, yet he changed the presence of the multitude, who
the form of address to the cured man were greatly astonished at his power
by saying, "Arise, take up thy bed and said: "Itwas never so seen in
and walk," and the man arose, and Israel."  Matt. ix: 32. On the perwent unto his house. Matthew ix: 1; formance of the last miracle the PhariMark ii: 1; Luke v: 18. He then sees made a charge against Jesus of beenters into a conversation with the ing in league with the devil. In their
Pharisees, and delivered a discoutrse mllalice and wickedness, they attributed
on the subject of fasting, in which he the power of God to the devil. Jesus
reproved them, and showed them that asserted his Godhead and declared his
their system  was inconsistent with  equality with the father, declares himl



self t c JES       [253j s              J ES
self the quickener of the dead, and the casteth out devils by Beelzebub, the
judge of the world. Ile refers to the prince of the devils."  In connection
testimony of John the iBaptist, concern- with his defense at this time, he charges
ing him, and adds to that the testimony Upon his enemies the sia against the.
appearing in the works that he had Holy Ghost which is unpardonable,
already performed, with the declarations which sin seems to be, as Jesus sets it
of scripture regarding him and their forth, attributing to satanic agency the
fulfillment. MIatt. ix: 32 and John v: power by which he wrought miracles.
17-39.                               Matthew. xii: 24, MIark, iii: 22, Luke,
On a Sabbath morning Jesus and his xi: 15.
disciples passed through a cornfield,   Before the above conversation fully
and as the disciples were hungry, they closed, the mother of Jesus and theplucked cars of corn and did eat. childrea of i ary, the wife of Cleopas,
There was a complaint among the who was the sister of the virgin Mary,
Pharisees that they had done that which were reported as without, desiring an.
was unlawful to do on thel Sabbath day. interview with him. Jesus asked the
Jesus defended his disciples by refer- significant   u e s t i o n, " Who is my
ring the Pharisees to the act of Dalvid, mother? and who are my brethren."
recorded in 1st Sami, xxi: 6, of entering I-lis object in asking t h i s question cvithe house of God when he was hungry, dently was to declare the nearness of
and taking the shew bread to eat, which s p i r it u a 1 relationship, for he says,'was notlawful for any except the priests, " whosoever ehall do the will of my
and yet they did not blanme him. And, father in heaven, the s a mn e is my
agini he referred them to the priests brotherandl sister,and mother."  Matt.
work on the Sabbath. how they slay and xii: 46; 5Mark, iii: 31; Luke, viii:
offer sacrifices on the Sabbath as a com- 19.
mon day and are blameless, and he de-   Not long after this hle dines with Sielares himself as Lord even of the Sab- meno, the P h a r i s e e; and while in
bath day. Matt. xii: 1, MIark ii: 23 Si mon's house a womnan, probably a
and Luke vi: 1.                      converted heathen, whose lo v e for JeThey were probably on their way I ses was great, entered the house w i t h
to the synagogue when they passed an alabaster box ofointmlent. She stood
through the cornfield, bfor as the conver- at Jesus' if-t, ai nd wept tears of gratisation with the Pharisees closed, he en- tilde for what he had done for her.
tered into the synagogue, and there was Hecr tears fell upon his feet as he rea man there which had a withered cined, and she washed them, wiping
hand. Jesus after setting forth clearly  themn with the hairs of her head. She
the fact that it is proper to heal on the kissed his fee t and anointed them,
Sabbath day, cured the nman with the with the precious ointment. Je sus
withered hand.  With a word he re- commended her, but mildly reproved
storecl it whole like the other. Matt. Simron for his I a c k of proper courtesy.
xii: 10, Mark iii: 1 and Luke vi: 6.   Luke, vii: 36-46.
About this time he designated his   We next hear of Jesus in a desert
disciples apostles. He gave the twelve place, apart, and the people in multitheir names and authority against un- tudes following himn, to be benefitted by
clean spirits, and power to heal sickness his teachings and the curing of their
and all manner of disease.  I-e gave sick. And when the evening was come
them particular instructions relative to his disciples proposed that he should.
the objects of their ministry, their mode send them away to t h e i r homes, or to
of preaching, &c.  Ele foretold the the villages to buy themselves someafflictions and persecutions they would thing to eat.  But Jesus told them no,
have to endure, and cautions them  h e would not send them  away, but
against unfaithfulness in any respect. would himself provide them  a meal,
Matt. x:, &c.,. Mark, iii: 12, Luke, andc he did, multiplying five loaves and
vi: 13, &c.  Jesus cured a man who two fishes, with which he fed five thouwas possessed with a devil, blind and sand men, beside women a n d children,
dumb. This was a remarkable cure taking up twelve baskets full of fragand amazed the people, and the Phara- menats after the meal w a s over. Matt,
sees renewed the charge the y ha d xiv: 15; Malrk, vi: 30; Luke, ix: 10,
brought against him before, viz: "He and John vi: I.




JES                [254]               JES
Immediately after this he bade his 1. Having sent the multitude away
disciples get into a ship to go over the Jesus took ship and came into the
sea, and in the fourth watch of the coast of Miagdala.
night h e overtook them in their voyage.   The Pharisees and Sadduces joined
He had been up the mountain side pray- together to demand from him a sign
ing for a season, while they, at his com- from heaven-they feigned a desire to
mand, had started out to cross the sea. have his doctrine ifully proved to
When they saw him coming they were theml that they might credit it and
afraid, but Jesus stilled their fears, and become his disciples.  He severely
entered the ship with them, and crossed rebuked them for their hypocrisy and
ove r. Matt. xiv: 22; Mark, vi: 45, wickedness, and then cautions his disand John, vi: 15.                   ciples to beware of their doctrines.
The day after this, some of those Ml!ark, viii: 11; Matt. xvi: 1; Luke,
who were present and did eat of the xii: 54. He then cames to ]Bethsaida
loaves and fishes, followed Jesus to Ca- and as a blind man was brought to
pernaum, and when they found him  him, he restores him to sight.. MIark,
they asked how lhe came there, for they viii: 22. Soon after this he began to
knew that he did not enter the ship teach his disciples regarding his cornwith his disciples the night before. ing sufferings.  He tells them he will
Jesus then charges them with seeking be rejected of the elders and chief
him, not so much to see his miracles or priests and scribes, and  be put to
hear his words, to be benefited, but death, and after three days rise again.
rather to be fed again. Ile t he  n pre, Peter was astonished and objected to
sents himself as the bread of life, a n d this teaching but Jesus rebuked him.
urges them to seek after spiritual food. Mi'att. xvi: 21; 3Mark, viii: 31; and
Joln, vi: 26.                       Lulke, ix: 18. And six days after he.
About this time one of the impor- thus taught his disciples, he took
tant annual feasts occurred, and Jesus Peter and James and John up into a
went up to Jerusalem where he cured mountain to be witnesses of his transa lame man at tihe pool of Bethesda, figuration. IHe gave these three disand discourses concerning his impor- ciples a more glorious view of his
tant mission, and the tradition of the divinity than they had ever had beelders which the Pharisees held was fore. H-Te caused the divine nature to
transgressed by the disciples of Jesus shine forth through the human as
in eating with unwashed hands. John, they had never before seen it. They
v: 2, 17; Matt. xv: 1; Mark, vii: 1. reached the spot on the mountain
When Jesus left Jerusalem this time selected by Jesus, and immediately
he departed into tlhe coasts of Tyre his face shone as the sun and his ratand Sidon, and cured the Syro-pheni- ment was white as the light, and
cian woman's daughter.  3[att. xv: Mioses and Elias appeared and talked
21; Mark, vii: 24, and he also cured with him.  The disciples saw them
in the coasts of Dlecapolis, after he and knew them —and proposed to their
left Tyre and Sidon, a person who master to build tabernacles and detain
was deaf, and had an impediment in the two heavenly visitants: " let us
his speech.  He opened the ears of make three tabernacles, one for thee,
the deaf man and loosened his tongue and one for 3Moses, and one for Elias."
so that he spake plainly. M3ark, vii: A bright cloud overshadowed Jesus
32. And MIatthew tells us that mul- and his attendants, and the voice of
titudes that were blind, dumb and the father was heard by all the comlmainmed were healed, xv: 30. There pany, saying: "This is my beloved
seems to have been a great multitude son in whom I am well pleased." The
about the Savior while performing disciples were afraid and fell on their
these miracles, and they continued faces.  They were dismayed by the
with him three days, so deeply inter- voice, and dazzled by the glory of the
ested that they did not leave to seek cloud, Jesus dispelled their fears and
for something to cat.  Having coin- they lifted up their eyes and saw him
passion upon them Jesus multiplied standing before them  alone.  Matt.
seven loaves, and a few fishes, with xvii: 1, 8; M3ark, ix: 2; Luke, ix:
which he fed four thousan d men, be- 28, and the apostle Peter in his 2d
side women and children. Mark, viii: Epistle i: 16, refers to this glorious




JES                [255]1              JES
manifestation as he says, he "was an gather her broald under her wings,
eye-witness of his majesty."  When and ye would not."
Jesus and his disciples came down   The declaration was made just after
friom  the mountain a man came to certain Pharisees told him of Herod's
him and besought him to cure his son intention to kill him.  In 3Matthew
who was a lunatic, and affected most xxiv, and Mark xiii, the same subjiect
with  his disorder at the full and is spoken of, and Jesus follows the
changes of the moon.  It was a very expostulation above with other presevere case, and the paroxysms soine- dictions of the destruction of the
times threw  hli  into the fire andl temple, and the taking of Jerusalem,
sometimes into the water.  While and thle uprooting of the J e w i s h
Jesus and the three disciples were on0 polity. He illustrates the whole by
the mount of transfiguration, he had the parable of the fig tree. Matthew
probably applied to the other disci- xxiv: 32-33.
ples for a cure and they could not   As Jesus was on his way to Jerusaaffect it. He says "I brought him to leni, he passed through Galilee and
thy disciples and they could not cure Samaria, or friom his own city, passed
him."   Jesus at once rebuked the several other towns until lie came to
devil and healed the child.  MIatt. Sanmaria, ncl tl cn  passed through it,
xvii: 14; Mark, ix: 17; Luke, ix: teaching and preaching, and curing
37. Hle again spake to his disciples diseases, and in one of the villages,
regarding his sufferings, and declared lie cured ten men who were lepersthat lie would be betrayed into the whether they were all Samaritans or
halnds of nien. Matt. xvii: 22.  -Ice not we cannot tell-but one of them
then went to Capernaum, and while was, for, being healed, he glorified
tlhere the demand was made of Peter God with a loud voice, and fell down
for tribute, which seemis to indicate at Jesus' feet giving him  thanksthat Jesus was a nember of his family. "and he was a Samaritan," and he
The money was mliraculously supplied was the only one of the ten men tlhat
and the tribute paid by Peter for them  were cleansed, that returned to glorify
both.                               God. Luke xvii: 12-18.
While lie, with his disciples, were   It is probable, that about this time,
at Capernlaum, they came to him with Jesus sent forth the seventy, two and
a question, which seemed to indicate two, into the various towns and citic,
a desire for position and rank in his whilher he hinself would come. He
kingdom. I-He takes occasion to give sent them forth to, preach and to heal.
them a very important discourse on They went in the name of JesLus
thc virtue of humility, and the proper and were very successful. In a tour,
mlode of treatment of an offending of a few davs, they peiforme  many
brothier.  Miatthew  xviii; M3ark ix: wonderful works, and returned to Jc33; Luke ix: 4G, At the close of rusalem and reported, saying: "Lord
this discourse, John  informed him  even the devils are subject to us,
that they, the disciples, had seen one through thy name."  Luke x: 1-17.
casting out devils in his name, and Jesus was, it is likely, at Jerusaleim
they forbade him, because he was not at this time, attending the feast of
of their numL ber. Jesus r e pr o v e d Tabernacles. There was a variety of
them for rebuking that man, and in- opinions among the Jews regarding his
formed them that no man can do a character. Some declared him to be
miracle in his name, who does not a good man, and others said he was a
possess a proper spirit.  Mark ix: deceiver. John vii: 11. But about
38; Luke ix; 49. He then left Gal- the middle of the feast, Jesus entered
ilee, and went into Judea-,and to the the temple, and declared his divine
Jews he foretold the destruction of mission. He confounds the Jews, as
Jerusalem. He gave the declaration he unfolds openly their secret designs
contained in the following passage: against him. They were greatly enLuke xiii: 34-" 0 Jerusalem, Jeru- raged, and desired to kill him, but
salem, thou that killest the prophets, notwithstanding their hatred toward
and stonest them that are sent unto him, he keeps on teaching, until the
thee; how often would I have gathered last day of the feast, when he made
thy children together as a hen.doth an earnest appeal.




JES                [256]               JES
I-le saw the priests as t h e y brought marks."  Jesus satisfied their enquirwater from the pool of Siloam to use in ing minds as it regarded this matter,
the temple, and improved the circum- but restored the blind man to sight.
stance by crying in their ears, "If any John, ix: 1, &c.
man thirst, let him come unto me and   It is likely that Jesus w e n t to
drink." The consequence of his search- Bethany after he left Jerusalem, and
ing appeals and earnest invitation was, was entertained at the house of Marmany believed on him.  John, vii: tha., and Mary, and Lazarus; and this
37.                                 was probably the time when Jesus
He continued in Jerusalem after the mildly reproved MIartha for her anxifeast was ended, and still taught in the ety to provide a splendid repast, while
temple, and we have an account of a he commended i  ary who was corawoman brought unto him  by the plained of by her sister.  Luke, x:
Scribes and Pharisees, taken i n the act 38-42.
of adultery. They referred him to the   Jesus was invited to the house of a
law of MaIoses, and its penalty for such Pharisee to dine. He accepted the
an offense, which was death.  They invitation; and the Pharisee was very
probably desired him to say that she much astonished that he did not wash
should be stoned to death; that they before dinner. He may not openly
might accuse him  before the Proman have made an objection, but fJesus
governor, for arrogating t o himself the knew his thoughts, and exposed the
power of life and death, which the Ro- hypocrisy of this sect, and he demans had t a k e n away from the Jews. nounced the wickedness of tle lawYet he did not answer them, so that yers, and condemned them.  Luke,
they could thus accuse him. Though xi: 37-54.
he did not countenance the crime of   He discourses about the Galileans,
which she was guilty, yet he did not whose blood Pilate had mingled with
condemn, for t he witnesses against lier their sacrifices, and the eighteen upon
had all fled. IHe bade her go and sin no whom the tower of Siloam fell; and
more. John, viii: 1-11.             preaches in a powerful manner the
Jesus discoursed with the Jews re- necessity of repentance. Luke, xiii:
garding himself as the I i ghli t of the 1. And while teaching in the synaworld. He confutes the Pharisees i n gogue on the Sabbath day, he cured a
their cavils, and shows his authority, woman who had been seriously afconvicts them of sin and foretells their flicted for eighteen years. Luke, xiii:
dlying in it, because of their unbelief. 11. This cure was performed on the
When the Jews cavil again and declare Sabbath, or shortly after the former
the nobility cf their irth., being Abra- cure. HIe entered into the house of a
ham's children, he shows their vanity, chief Phasisee to enjoy his hospitality,
and the wickedness of their habits, and and while there he cured a nman that
declared them  to le children of the had the dropsy. Luke, xiv: 1-6; and
devil, doing his lusts, and murdelers in followed the cure with the discourse
their hearts, for they were constantly on hunmility which he gives in ta paraseeking to klill him.   ohn, viii. They ble.  He also gave the parable of the
even attempted to stone him  in the grelat supper, and taught how men
temple.                             were to become his disciples. Luke,
As Jesus was leaving the temple xiv.
where the Jews had intended to stone    Ec probably returned to Jerusalem
him —to go it may be to the B3Iunt of about the tilme the fiast of dedication
Olives, he saw a man who had Leen came on, which was in the winter.
blind from his birth.  The disciples John, vii: 14; and during that feast,
were deeply interested in the case and to the Jews who came to him, he
asked him the question, " Master who asserted his divinity, a n d declared
did sin, this man or his parents, that himself to be equal and one with the
he was born blind?"  They referred Father.  Because of this, the Jews
to an idea that existed in many Jew- sought to stone him. H1-e vindicated
ish minds, that bodily afflictions or his conduct and character, and apdisabilities were marks of sin in the pealed to his works. They strove to
soul; and from  this idea arose the apprehend him, but he escaped out
proverb:  "lMPark hir vi ho m  God of their hands, left Jerusalem again,




J ES               [257]                JES
and went away beyond Jordan, where he informs us Jesus had compassion
John at first baptized.  John, x.     on them, and restored thenm to sight,
It was here that the question con- and they followed him.  Ilnatt. xx: 29,
ceranlg divorce was presented by the Mark x: 46 and Luke xviii: 35.
Pharisees; and he answvered it. Matt.  Before he came to Jerusalem, Jesus
xix: 1, &c.; 3Iark, x: 1, &c.  And it lamented its condition and wept, bewvs Lere that the little children were cause of its coluin~g destruction.  Luke
brought to him  that he should put xix: 41.  Ile sto;lpped at Bethany,
his rnmds on them  and bless them; which was but a Eiort distance from
(and he uttered that glorious declra- Jerusalem, and took supper, for "they
tion that comforts the h e ar ts of madce  him a supper and Mi artha served;
Christian paarents-especially w h e n but azairus was one of them that sat
M-eit, of their children in death: with him  at the table."  This was a
"Suffer littcle children, a n d forbid few days before the Passover.
them not, to come unto me; for of   While Jesus was at Bethany in the
such is the  kingdom  of Heaven." house of Simon the leper, who may
Ma:tt. xix: 13; Mark, x: 13; Luke, have be-en a person whom, Jesus hadc.
xviii: 15.                            healed of leprosy, a woman cnale to
As he was leaving the coasts of him  and anointed his head with preJudea, when he had thus addressed the cious ointment. The person who permultitude, probably to go to Jericlho, formc-d this anointing  was evidently
where we le-arn from Matt. xx: 29 he I Lry, the sister of Martha, if there was
went, a young man came to him  with but one anointing; but possibly there
the question, "good master, what good imay have bcen two, one in the house of
thing shall I do, that I may inherit Simon and the other in the house of
eternal life."  Jesus g,?ei him a plain, MIartha.  Jesus conmmended the act,
pointed answer, laying clown for him  and took occasion again to speak of his
a course of conduct which would have coming death.  Matt. xxvi: 6; Markresulted  in his  salvation, had  he xiv: 1, and John xii: 1., Having
at;ended to it. 3fatt. xix: 16, Mark made his triumphant march into Jeaux:. 17 and Luke xviii: 18. From the salem, MIark xi: 1; Luke xix: 28, and.
conduct of this young man Jesus was John xii: 12, it is probable that the
led to address his disciples on the sub- last six days before Jesus was appreject of the dificulties of a rich mian's hen-cde and crucified, he spent the timebeing saved. About this time Lazarus in Jerusalem  and about the temple
the brother of Martha and Mary died, teaching the people, and each night
and,Jesus with his disciples went to lodged at Bethany, and it was during
Bethany and there he raised Lazarus this tinme that he cleansed and purifie
from the dead. John xi. After the the temple as set forth by the Evangelmiracle of raising Lazarus to life, Jesus ists.  Matt. xxi: 12; Mark xi: 11;
retired to the City of Ephraim where Luke xix: 45, and John ii: 14. After
he tarried awhile with his disciples, lodging at ]Bethany on one of thosec
probably until the feast of the passover, nights, in tlhe morning as he returned
which was the lastpassover he attended, toJerusalerm, he cursed the barren figand the one at which he suffered. John tree, which miracle wonderfully astonxi: 55.  Here he fe retold his suffer- ished his disciples. While Jesus minings the third time clearly. He said to istered in the temple, after he had used&
his disciples, " Behold we go up to his authority in cleansing it, while enJerusalem; and the son of man shall gaged in prayer, the singular phenombe betrayed into the hands of thle chief enon of a voice from heaven was heard
priests and scribes, and they shall con- by those about the temple.  It was the
demn bhim to death, &ec." Mi'att. xx: voice of God, the Father, declaring
18, Malk x: 33 and Luke xviii: 31. that his name hald been glorified in,
On the way to Jerusalemn lie was enter- Jesus, and should be glorified again.
tained by Zaclheus. Lulke xix: 2, and John xii: 23. Jesus called their attenhaving made a stop at Jericho, as he tion to that voice as they had heard it,
was le-ving it, Bartimeus a blind man and he took occasion to discourse to
implored him to restore hiln to sight. them  concerning his hlessed' mission.
One of the evangelists says, "two and th e ministration of John. John
blind men sitting by the wayside," andl xii, and Luke xx.  In-that discourse he'
17




JES                [258]               JES
refers them to the question of obligation with some of them to the garden of
to pay tribute to Cesar. Matt. xxii: Gethsemane, where he entered into
162.. -In the same discourse he brings the unspeakable agony that preceeded
up the subject of his resurrecrtion; his crucifixion. Matthew  xxvi: 36;
teaches a lawyer the greatest command- Mark xiv: 32; Luke xxii: 39. The
iment: Love to God; the next to it in mob came by night to Gethsemane,
importance: Love to our neighbor. He headed by the traitor Judas, who bespeaks about himself as the Messiah-  trayed him with an hypocritical kiss.
as the son of David. Matt. xxii; Mark They secured him and took him to
xii, and Luke xx. Jesus sat in the the house of Annas, the father-in-law
temple over against the treasury, and of Caiaphas, to bejudged. Johnxviii:
saw  the worship ers casting their 13.  Annas refusing to judge him,
money in, and amongst them  he saw a sent him to Caiaphas, and Caiaphas dewidow casting a farthing or two mites. livered' him  over to,, Pontius Pilate,
He called the attention of his disciples who tried him, and condemned him to
to it, and greatly commended the widow be crucified, after he had allowed
for her gift., Mark xii: 41, and Luke him to pass a trial before Herod, and
xxi: 1. He delivered a discourse on be mocked of his men of war. Jesus
the necessity and importance of watchl- was not only subject to the abuses of
fulness, during which he gave the par. these wicked men, but he was forable of the evil and oppressive servant. saken by all his disciples save Peter,
Matt. xxiv; 3Mark xiii, and Luke xxi, and he did even worse than forsake
and he refersto.the destruction of Jeru- him, for he denied him with bitter
salem, and the coming general judg- oaths and curses.
mnent.                                After Jesus was condemned he was
Judas, one of the twelve, engages, led from  Pilate's judgment hall to
with the chief priests to betray Jesus Calvary; they put a crown of thorns
for thirty pieces of silver, and having upon his head-clothed him in a scarsettled the arrangerlent with thenm, he let robe; placed a reed in his hand,
sought a fit opportunity to accomplish and then placed the cross on which he
it. tMatthew xxvi: 14; Mark xiv: 10; was to die, upon his shoulder, and
Luke xxii: 3.  Jesus then began to compelled him to carry it toward the
make the arrangements for celebrating place of execution. 1le did carry it
the last Passover with his disciples. until he flinted beneath his load.
I-le sent Peter and John into the city, They compelled him  to rise up and
to a man whom he designated, who bear it on; he fell a second time, but
had a large upper r o o m, and who they compelled himi to rise and feel its
offered them the use of the room, and weight again; but a third time lie
they made ready the Passover, and faints beneath his load, and lest he
Jesus, with his disciples, r e s o r t e d should expire before they reached the
thither. While there, a contest arose top of the hill, and they not have the
among the disciples as to who of them  pleasure of crucifying him, they comnshould be the greatest. Jesus taught pelled a Cyrenian to bear it for him.
them  the importance of h u m b 1 e When the designated place is reached
views of self in the simple yet signifi- they fastened him to the wood, and
cant manner of washing the feet of he is raised up to die. There were
each one of them.. In rlatt. xxvi: 17; two malefactors crucified with him.
3Mark xiv: 12; Luke xxii: 7; John The agony of Jesus on the cross canxiii: 1, we find he instituted the sacred not be told, but it may well be
supper, and bade Judas, after he had imuagined as indiseribable by the landesignated him as the one that would guage that escaped his lips while enbetray him, "do what thou doest during it;'3My God! My Godl!.
quickly."  In the above quotations, Why hast thou forsaken me," as well
with 1st Cor. xi: 23, we have the insti- as the various attestations that were
tution of the Lord's supper clearly set given of his divinity, in the darkened
forth with all its solemnity and inter- sun, and trembling of the earth, and
est. Ite then delivered his farewell rending of the vail of the temple in
discourse to his disciples, contained twain. IHe exercised his sin-pardonin John xiv, offers up an e a r n est ing power by preparing the moral
prayer for them, John xvii, and retires n a t u r e of the dying penitent for




JES                [259]              JET
heaven; but he himself gave up the When Moses fled frxom the land of
ghost. He said " it is finished." For Egypt, having been concerned in kill-the account of the vicarious suffer- ing an Egyptian, he went to the land
ings and death of Jesus see Matt. of Midian; he first formed an acquaintxxvi: 27; M5ark, xiv: 15; Luke, ance with Jethro's daughters, at the.xxii: 23; John xviii: 19.          well where they watered the cattle.
After his death his body was given He kindly rendered'the young weo-,to Joseph of Arimathea, and he took men a s s is t a n c e in watering their;it down from the cross, and preparing father's cattle, and driving away some
it for burial placed it in his own tomb. shepherds who were disposed to imThe Jews remembered how, in his pose upon them. They in fo rm c ed
life time he taught that he would rise their father of the service he had
from the dead, and they asked of rendered them, and Jethro invited
Pilate a band of Roman soldiers him to his house, and he came, and
with which to guard the sepulcher. theie entered into an engagement to
lIe granted them their request, and tarry with him, and be -a shepherd,
they sealed the sepulcher and placed and Jethro gave him  his daughter,
Ra Roman guard to watch; but on the Zipporah in marriage.  Ex. ii: 15,
third morning, or the first clday of the 22-.'week he rose from thc grlave. M3att.  3ioses remained with Jethro fort-y
xxvii' 27, 28;   ark, xv: 43; Luke, years, when he was favored with reve'
xxiii: 21; John, xix: 20.           lations fromn God, and a conmission
The fact of his resurrection was to'emancipate his enslaved countrysuffiently attested. le was seen of men in Egypt. He made know-n the
M3a2y Magdalene, Simon, Cleopas and revelations to Jethro, and asked his
~St. Luke, then of all the apostles, and permission to go withl his wife and
at one time by five hundred brethren sons to his own country.  Consent:at once. iMark, xvi: 9; Luke, xxiv: was given, and he pronounced upon
13, 24, 34; 1st Cor. xv: 6. He  ap  Moses and his mission, his blessing —:peared to his disciples at different "Go in peace."  Ex. iv: 18. Moses
times for forty days; but having give.n started, but for sonime ceause, his wife
them  his final instructions, he led and children returned to J e t h r o,
them to Olivet and ascended up into where they remained until after the
heaven. Mark, xvi: 19; Luke, xxiv: Israelites had left the land of Eg ypS
51: Acts, i: 9.  And the last they and were'encamped at the foot of M't.
heard of'lim on the morning of the Sinai, where Jethro, Mloses' father-inascension was, "Ye men of Galilee las, paid him avisit, taking.Zipporah,
why stand ye gazing up into heaven? aLnd her two sons with him. Exodus,'this same Jesus whomye now see,' &c. xviii: 1-3. lIe probably sent 3oses
He has become for man a mediator, word that lhe was coming b e fo r e he
having borne humanity with him to reached the camp, and he went and
the skies-he has all the feelings of a -'mnet hifm, and fell prostrate be fo r e
man with all the compassion of a God; him, took him into his tent, and rehe is touched with the feelings of our lated the wonderful dealings -of.God
infirmities.                         with him and his people. Jethro acknowledged the hand of God, and enJETIHEP1- [Je'ther,] he that excels, gaged in -offering burnt offerings and
remains, searchees.             peace offerings, and he ate with MNoses
JETIHEr. was the husband of Abi- and Aaron, and the:elders of Israel.
gail, the sister of David, and the And, as the next day Moses took his
father of Amasa, who commanded the seat in'order to,judge Israel, fr o in
army of Absalom in his r e be 11 i o n. morning till evening,  Jethro observed
1st Chron. ii: 17, "And Abigail bare it and thought it too much for him,
Amasa, and the father of Amasa was and ventured to suggest a change in
Jether, the Ishmaelite."            the administration of justice among
the people. MIoses listened to it and
JET1RO-[Jeth'ro,] his excellence, accepted it, and soon had helpers to
or posterity.                   judge in all the trivial cases, while' he
JETHROr  was a priest of.Midian, himself, reserved the important cases
-and the fat h e r- i n -  a w of Moses. for judgment.




JET                ['260.1            JEZ
aWjhen the Israelites were a b o u t She maintained among the people of
moving from' the wilderness of Sinai, God the religion of her own country.,
Moses invited his father-in-law to re- At her own expense she supported
mnain with his people, and go on to the four hundred priests of the groves,..
promised land. Jethro refuised to do sacred to- Ashtaroth of the Zidonians.
so, for he had interests in MIidian that Ahab committed a sin against God in.
demanded his a t t e n t i o n, but it is taking her to wife, she being a heathought he left Hobab, his son, with'then and hostile to the true religion.
the Israelites, and he became one She was the idolatrous daughter of an.m.
with them in their travels, and in his idolatrous king.' Ahab knew this fact
posterity had an inheritance in Ca- well, for she praceticed idolatry openly,.
naan. We hear n o t h i ng more of nay more, sle persecuted tile true reJethro after he left Moses, as Israel ligion.  Under her influenee Ahab.
moved from the wilderness of Sinai. was lead to countenance idolatry and
MIany think he- was a true priest of:himself to serve Baal. 1st Kings,.
the living God, and maitailned the xvi: 32, 33: "And he reared up an
true religion as a descendant of Mid- altar for Baal in the house of Baal
ian, one of Abraham's sons, by Ketu-'which he had built in Samaria. And.
rah. Mloses offered sacrifice to God Ahab made a grove."
with him for forty years in Blidian,   What a spe tacle is presented to
and as we have seen, they sacrificed our minds here! A heathen woman
together in the camp of Israel. I-le selected for a wife of t e king of
evidently worshiped the   a in e God Israel, and in Israel puatronizin  the.
that the Israelites did.            religion of her native country, and influencing her husband to the grossest
JETU-t-[Jetur;] h e th at keeps, idolatry. WMile she fed four hunsuccession, mou.ntcainouts.     dred prophets of the goddess AstarteWas the son of Ishmael, and the at her table, Ahab supported four
grandson of Abraham. G e n e s i s hundred of J3aal's prophets as minis —
xxv: 15.                            ters of his false gods.
Soon God visited Israel for their
JEUSH, 1 —[Jeush,] d e v o u re d, sin with a dearth that prevailed for
glznawed by the mnoth.          three years and six mnonths. During
Was one of the four sons of Shimei. the time of this dearth, Jezebel had.
They were Jeushn, Jahath, Zizah and wreaked her vengeance in persecution
Beriah, and it was said of Jeush by murdering the prophets of Israel.
and B3eriah, that they had not many When Obadiah met Elijah and wassons, and for that cause, they were commanded to go tell Ahab,-" Behold,
reckoned as one family in their father's Elijah is here," Obadilbah  made objechouse. 1st Chron. xxiii: 11..       tion, and referred fo the cruelty of
Jezebel. ist Kings, xviii: 13: " WasJEUSIH, 2 —Devoured, gnawed by it not told my Lord what I did when.
the mnoth.                      Jezebel. a  e w the  prophets of the
Was one of the sons of Rehoboam, Lord, how I hid a hundred men of
and born unto him of one of the wives the Lord's prophets in a cave and fed.
he took in the family of David. 2d theml  with bread and water?"
Chron. xi: 19.                        It is quite likely that Jezebel, as
she was a bad woman, attributed the
JEZEBEL-[Jez'-e-bel,] island of public calamity, in the dearth that.
the htabitatioyn, wo to the habita- was prevailing, to Elijah,. who could
tion., isle of the dclnghill.   not be found. And' as she could not
JEZEBEL was the daughter of' Eth- find him, she determined to kill all
baal, the king of Zidon, and was the the prophets of the Lord that could
wife of Ahab, the king of Israel. She be found, or that w e r e within her
was from  an idolatrous country, and. reach.  But Elijah had determined.
was herself an idolater. Though she to show himself to Ahab, the king,
became the wife of Ahab, she did not that day. Obadi ah informed the:
become a worshiper of the God of king, and soon afterward the two disIsrael; but, on the contrary; she used tinguished personages met.  Elijah7
witchcraft, and was given to idolatry. after giving the king, in a coversation7,




JEZ;[261]              JEZ
the true ground of the present dearth, brought him  to a public trial-probade him bring all Israel to Mt. Car- cured two witnesses to swear falsely
-mel, with the prophets of Baal, four against him, and had him stoned to
hundred and fifty, and the prophets death for the alleged offence. She
-of the groves, four -hundred. These then informed Ahab that Nabothl was
latter named prophets were those who dead, and bade him arise and take'were supported by Queen Jezebel. possession of the vineyard, and he did
They were all residents of Samaria, so. Elijah appeared unto Ahab while
-and ate at lher table. These prophets in the vineyard, and declared unto
of Baal, with the mLultitude of Israel, him the word of the Lord, in which
-assembled on the mount, and Elijah it was given that Ahab's blood should
made a proposition, which thley ac- be licked up by the clogs in the place
~epted, to try the power of Israel's' where Naboth's blood w as spilled.
Go-od, and their god ]Baal. The trial And further, the prophet declared
-vas made, and Elijah's' God answered that Jezebel's body should be eaten,
by fire. The multitude of spectators by the walls of Jezreel, by the dogs,`declared in favor of Elijah.         and we are informed in 2d Kings ix:
Though Elijah demanded of Ahab 34, &c., that this declaration of the:the presence of Jezebel's prophets, it' prophet was literally fulfilled.:seems they were not priesent to witness   Jezebel's influence over Ahab was
the stirring and convincing scene on very great. She was the means of
MIount -Carimel. After the fire came leading him  into idolatry and many
down -from Hleaen and consumed the other gross sins that lark his course.
sacrifice, Ahab consented to the death She was a -curse to all Israel, and,of the prop'hets of Baal, and Elija:h  though the judgments of God were
slew all by the brook. Kishon. This turned aside fiom  Ahab because he,demonstration w a  followed by an humbled himself before the Lord, yet
Iabundant rain, in answer to the con- her wickedness brought those judgtinued cearnest prayer of Elijah. It mnents upon Ahab's sons.  When'was not Ionc  after Ahab arrived at Ahlab was killed in battle and died in:the palace that he told Jezebel w7hat his chariot, as that chariot wasafter-.Elijah had done —that he had slain wards washed at the pool of Samaria,
-all the prophets with the sword. As eleansing it from the blood of the slain
soon as, she heard it she determined King, the prediction of Elijah.was
to take vengeane  on him, and she fulfilled  " Dogs shall lick thy blood,,sent a messenger to the prophet, Ist even  thine.    Ahaziah, his.son,
Kings, xix: 2, Sa.ying, "So let thegoods reigned in lhis stead;'but his'reign:do to ime, and more also, if I imake was short.  Jehoram  also  reigned.
not thy life as thelife of one of them, These sons, in all probability, were
by to-imorrow about this tilue."  She under her influence, and when Jehomeant, by this form of expression, to rami fell by the hand of Jehu, the son
-say, If I -do not slay thee, Elijah, let of Nimshi, the witchcraft andc abomthe gods put me to the mlost painful inations of Jezebel, his mother, was
death. When the prophet received the last thinglie heard of.
this- message from Jezebel, -he fied for   Jehu went to Jezreel in seach of Jezhis life, and escaped out of her hand. ebel.  "She painted herself and tired
King Ahab desired the vineyard of her'head, and looked out at a window."'
Naboth the Jezreelite, yet Nabothl  The olject she had in vie w, probably,,'was unwilling to give it up or sell it, was to improve'her appearance so that
for in doing so he would violate'one Jehu would be charmed and captured
-of the Levitical laws, which forbids by her beauty, and be'induced to take
alienating -parental inheritance.  As her for a wife. -Had she succeeded in
the King was.troubled about it, Jez-'her designs in this respect, she might
ebel counseled him, as such a wicked still have corrupted the court and reign'woman was capable of counseling, and of Israel's king. But she did not sueshe undertook the infamous work of ceed.  As Jehu entered the city she
ntmurdering this man and placing his attracted his attention, and ventured to
-vineyard in the possession of Ahab. address him with words of conciliation.
She proclaimed in the name of the "Hacd Zimri peace who slew  his
-King a'fast, set Naboth on high-  master?"  It-is supposed'by sone that




E=Z                [22                  JOA
the meaning of this address to him was, named in order in Genesis, xlvi: 24.' If thou hast slain thy master, it is no This person was the head of the fanmmore than Zimri did, who slew Elah." ily of the Jezerites. Num. xxvi: 49But Jehu was not to be pacified with
any words or acts of this wicked wo- JEZRAHIAH-[Jez-'ra-hi'-alh,] the
man. iHe had come to find her and         Lord is the east, the Lord arises..
slay her, and looking up to the window    There was a person of this namei
where, she was, he asked two men, who who was a chief of the singers in the
h a d designated themselves as being on ceremonies of dedicating-the walls of
his side, to throw her down, and t h e y Jerusalem, rebuilt by Nehemiah. He
did.  "And some of her blood wa s is called' the overseer of the singers.
sprinkled upon t i e wall, and upon the Neh. xii: 42.
horses; and: he trod her under foot.
How terrible was the death. of Jezebel.. JEZREEL, 1-[Jez'-re-el,  seed of
Thrown down~ from a window, in sight      God, dro~pping of the friendshi7p
of the people, almost killed by the fall,    of God.
and then her mangled body trod u p o n   JEZREEL was the son, of Etam, of
by the horses Jehu and' his aids rode the tribe of Judal,, referred to in. ist
upon. Thuslmangled, her lifeless form  Chron. iv: 3.
was left, while he a n d his companions
went into some house and ate and JEZREEL, 2.
drank. After he had feasted awhile he   Was the son of' the prophet iHosea
gave, orders concerning the burial of by his wife Gonmer. iosea, i: 4.
Jezebel's body.  "'Go see now, this
cursed woman, and bury her, for she: is JIDLAPH1-[Jid'<laf,   he that di&s
a king's daughter."  tils.
Jehu k n e w her lineage and position   Was the son of Nahor, and the
as to, royalty. He knew she was the grandson of Terah. Gen. xxii:: 22.
daughter of the king. of Tyre; wife of
Ahab, king of Israel;- mother of Jo- JIMNAH.
ram, another' king;' the grand-mother   JIAINA-I was one of the sons of'
of Ahaziah, king of Judal; also' the Asher, the son of Jacob, and he is.
mother in-law of another king of Judah. reckoned with the children and. granldThey went in' search of the body of children of' the old Patriarch in C-en.
Jezebel, but to their astonishment they xlvi: 17. The names of his brothers
found'"om more- of her than the' skull, as given were. ishuah, Isuli and Beand, the feet, and the palms of' her riah.  The name of his sister is also.
hands.'"  How terribly had the yen- given, Seralh, and also. the: naimes of
geance of God been displayed' in the two nephews, the sons of his brother,
punishment and death of this wicked Beriah, viz., H e b e r and Malchiel.
woman, and devouring of her body by Jimnah was head of the'family in the'
dogs. And how literally had the pro- tribe; of Asher, called the Jimnites..
diction of the prophet Elijah been ful- Num. xxvi:. 44.
filled.  "The dogs. shall eat Jezebel by
the wall of Jezreel.."               JOAB-[Jot-ab,] paternity, havingThough she was a woman, of rank,       a father, votuntary;
because of her birth, relationship, and   Jo.a  was the son of Zeruiah, Da —
alliances, yet she was not honored with vid's sister, and the brother of Abi-I
a burial but dogs ate, her- flesh. No shai and. Asahel, hence' he was the
funeral followed' this. calamity and no nephew, of King- David-he was alsQ,
monument. was erected to mark the David's general.  lie was faithful and.
spot where one", of' royal blood' lies. valiant as a warrior, true as a com"And the carcass of Jezebel shall be as mander, yet he was cruel and revengedung upon the face of the field in the ful. We have an. exhibition of his.
portion of Jezreel; so that they shall character in this particular,. in his.
not say, this is Jezebel."'          compliance with the proposal of Ab —
ner to have a duel fought between.
JEZER-[Je'zer;]                      twelve of the men of Ishb'osheth and
JEZER: was the son of Naphtali, twelve oftle men of David. 2d Sam,
and the third& of' his sons as they are. ii:. 15. This trial of twelve men on.




JOA                [263]               JOA
each side was at Gibeon.  That very bellious son. He was ordered to deal
day he fought with the troops of Ish- gently with the young man, Absalom,
bosheth and conquered them, though and spare his life; yet, contrary to orhis brother Asahel was killed by Ab- ders, after the tide of battle turned in
ner. 2d Sam. ii: 27.  This greatly hi; favor, bearing that Absalom's head
enraged Joab, and he determined to was caught in an oak, he went with his
revenge his brother's death, and an armor-bearers to the place and thrust
opportunity being afforded he treach- three darts through the body of Absaerously slew Abner. 2d Sam. iii: 27. l(om. 2d Sam. xviii: 14.
David did by no means approve this   When David mourned because Absacruel act. He declared himself guilt- lom. was dead, Joab reproved him and
less before the Lord, as was also his showed him that his sorrow was exceskingdom, of the blood of Abner, the sive and ill-timed. HIle more than intison of Ner, and charged guiltiness mated that the king should be engaged
upon Joab, and more than indicated in conmmendling his brave warriors,
that Joab would be punished in his rather than in excessively mourning
posterity; that the members of his the death of his rebel son. We may
household, or his descendants, would judge that David did not take the rebe diseased; some of them would fall proof of Joab kindly, and especially the
by the sword  and others of them  violation of his orders, for he displaced
would lack bread.                   him  from  the generalship and apIt is probable that David would pointed Amasa in his stead. 2d Sam.
have punished him for his cruel act xx: 4.
in. murdering Abner, had it not been   Joab volunteered and attended his
for his wonderful influence with the brother Abishai's troops in the pursuit
troops; for Joab  and his brother of Sheba, the son of Bichri, who had
Abishai were in the confidence and raised a rebellion, and at the great
esteem of the army, for they had just stone in Gibeon he murdered Amnasa.
been led by thenm to a victory. Joab In -pretended friendship he approached
led the troops at Jerusalem, entered him to kiss him; and taking hold of
the city and drove back the guards, Amasa's beard with his right hand,
and by his heroic conduct he secured with his left h and  he plunged his
the position of chief commander of sword into his body, and thereby occaall the forces of Israel. He directed sioned his death suddenly.  IHaving
the army in their battles with and con- committed this murder he took cornquests of the 3Moabites, Philistines, mand of the troops again, and pursueled
Edomites, Syrians andc  Ammonites, Sheba unto the city of Abel of Bethwho all became tributary to Israel.    maaehah. I-Ie besieged the city and
When iDavid desired the murder of would have destr'oyed it had not the
Uriah,. the Hittite, Joab became acces- wise woman of the city agreed to throw
sory, and put Uriah in the forefront of him the head of She'ba over the wall.
the battle. 2d Sam. xi: 15. It was This was done, and Joab returned unto
through the influence, and management Jerusalem  to the king, with the head
and cunning of Joab, that David was of the rebel, it may be, in his possesinduced to send and fetch Absalom  sion, to show to David as evidence thatfrom his exile; and he afterwards ob- the rebellion was ended. 2d Sam. xx.
tained Absalom's admission to court.   When David determined to number
This return of the king's son from  Israel, and issued orders to that effect,
Geshur was through the stratagem of Joab wisely remonstrated with him;*
Joab, though the woman of Tekoa but his opposition did not avail, and he.
made the plea in Absalom's behalf; was obliged to enter upon and execute
yet, after the return of Absalom, Joab that task; and at the end of nine
was evidently his enemy and opposer. months and twenty days he had perAnd when he rebelled against his formed the task, save the nunmberin,
father David, and raised an army with of Jerusalem.  When the whole tas.
an intention of usurping authority and was completed he reported the nunmmaking himself king, Joab led the her. 2d Sam. xxiv.
army of David to battle, and refused to   After serving David for a long time;
regard the instructions of the father as in company with his brother Abishai, he,
to the manner of treatment of the re- was engaged in a rebellion which con



JOA                 [264]                JOA
templated the placing of Adonijah on JOAH, 2- Who has a brother, bZrother
the throne, as David's successor, con-    of the Lord.
trary to the wishes and designs of   JOAHI  was the secretary to King
that king. Joab knew full well that Josiah.  He was the son of Joahaz the
Solomon was to be the successor of recorder, and we learn from 2d Chron.
David, but lhe took advantage of David's xxxiv: 8, that lie was associated with
premature age and infirmity, and his Shaphan and Maaseiah under an order
little concern in the government of the of Josiah, in repairing the house of'
kingdom. His attempt to make Adoni- the Lord.
jah king, failed, and as his efforts became
known to David, they served to increase J 0 A 1H, 3 -  WhT o has a brother,
his displeasure at Joab.  When the        brother of the Lord.
king gave his deathbed charge to his   JOA-I was the third son of Obedsuccessor, he bade him punish the son Edom, and one of the sacred porters.
of Zeruiah, for the murder of the two lst Chron. xxvi: 4.
captains of the hosts of Israel, Abner
and Amasas.  Adonijah  was put to JOANNA-[Jo-an-'na,] the grace or
death by Solomon, for laying a plan as    9mercy of the Lord.
the king supposed, to usurp authority,   This woman was the wife of Chuza,
and increase his claims to the throne of the steward of Herod. Luke viii: 3.
Israel, by securing as a wife, the last She is represented as associating herwife of his father David. When Joab self with Mary Magdalene and Suslearned that Adonijah was slain by anna, and others in ministering unto
Solomon's orders, he became alarmed, Christ. She was a woman of position,
supposing that he too, would be put to for the office her husband filled was one
death, and he fled to the brazen altarat of hlonor and profit, overseer of the
Gibeon for refuge, and caught hold of kings domestic affairs. She had probthe horns of the altar. When Solonlon ably heard Jesus preach, witnessed
heard that he was there, lie sent [Ben- some of his miracles, and believed him
aiah to fetch him, who, when he had to be the Messiah.  If slie had not
come to the tabernacle said to Joab, believed him  to be Christ she would'*thus saith the kIing, come forth." I-e not have "ministered unto him of her
refused to come forth, preferring rather substance," as it is said she did.
to die there. He had fled there for protection and would not quit the place. JOASH,, — [Jo'-asl,] who despairs,
Solomon then ordered Benaiall to exe-     burns, is onfire.
-cute himi there, and he did so. He seems   JOASH was the s o n of Ahaziah
to have served David faithfully through- king of Judah. When he was a child
out his entire reign, except failing to one year old his grandmother, Atha-.carry out his orders regarding Absalom, liah, made an attempt to murder him,
and so wickedly putting to death the with the other members of Ahaziah's
two captains of the hosts of Israel. family, but Jehoshebah, the wife of
After his death, he was buried in his Jehoiada, the high priest, and the
own house in the wilderness.  1st aunt of the young child Joash, kept
Kings ii: 34.                         him from her. She hid hilm six years
in a chamber of the temple. And
J 0 A IE, 1 -  [Jo'-ah,] vwho has a when he was seven years old the high
brother, brother of the Lord.     priest entered into a solemn covenant,
JoAnI was a servant of King Heze- with several important personages in:kiab, and the son of Asaph the recorder. the kingdom, to make Joash, young
HIeo was sent by HEezekiah in company as he was, the king of Judah, and.with Eliakim  and Shebna. to receive thereby dethrone the wicked Athathe propositions of PRabshakeh  the liah. 2d Kings, xi.:agent of the King of Assyria.  2d   After Jehoiada, with his associates,.Kings xviii: 18. They were improp- had preplred matters in the kingdom.erly treated by Rabslhakeh, who blas- by bringing the Levites, and others,hemned before them, and the Jews. that they could trust, to Jerusalem,
They were deeply affected, and with, they made Joash king, crowning him.clothes rent they reported the result of in the court of the temple with great.t;heir conference to Hezekiah.       ceremony and solemnity.  Athaliali




JOA                 [2651               JOB
heard their aeclamations, and alarmed,   Joash copied after the wickedness
ran to the court of the termple, where of Jeroboam, the son of Nebat. lHe
she was secured and quickly carried departed not from the course of his
forth  and slain. Jehoiada then en- father in that he too walked in the
tered into a solemn covenant to serve ways of Jeroboam.
the Lord and him only. At once an   When Elisha, the prophet, was sick,
important r e v o I u tio n took place. Joash sent to himi and was encourBaal's temples and statues were torn aged by the declaration of the prophet
down, and the priest Mattan xWas slain, that he should deliver his people i-otrm
and Joehoiada, who became the tutor their Syrian  oppressors.  Elisha, i
to Joash, began repairing the house his instructions, indicated a triple vicof the Lord. 2d Chron. xxiii.        tory for Joash by ordering himl to
Joash was zealous in the reforma- shoot arrows out of the window of the
tion as long as Jehoiada lived, but apartmen- where they were, eaA-Warcd.
when he died the king was influenced 2d Kings, xiii: 15. HEe according!y
by wickecd courtiers. HIe neglected did defeat Benhadaad. He routed the
the worship of God, and soon idolatry Syrians and recovered the cities they
again prevailed.  VWhen Joash had had taken firom Israel.
thus lapsed into idolatry, Zechariah,   Amaziah, the king of Judah, prothe son of Jehoiada, who was his suc- voked Joash to war with  ilm, and he
cessor in the priesthood, uttered faith- cleeated him. 2d K i n g  s, xiv: 15.
ful warnings; and because of those After he had conquered hinm Ie pilfaith ful  warnings le was stoned to laged the capital of Judah, and redeath in the court of the house of the turned to Samaria, his own capital, in
Lord, by order of King Joash. 2d triumph, where he died soon afterChron. xxiv: 21.  While Zechariah ward, and was succeeded by Jerowas dying under the shower of stones boamn, his son.
he assured his murderers that his
death should be revenged; and it was. JOB —[Jobe,] le that weeps, crCes, or
Hazael invaded the kingdom of Ju-        speaks out of a hollovptlace.
dal, and Joash was compelled to   Jon3 was a noted servant of the livredeemn his capital from plunder with ing God; and lie is introduced to our
a large sln of money and the valua- view, in the beginning of the book
ble treasures in the ho use of the which bears his name, as ai inhabitant
Lord, which he gave to Hazael, the of Uz-(a region of country eastward
king of Syria, and so, for t'he time of Giieadl)-a perfect man and upTight,
being, scaved Jerusalem.  2d Kings, one that beared God and eschewed evil.
xii: 18.                             IHe is thought by some to have been
About a year after this a company the saome as Jobah, one of the afncient
of Syriazns ravaged the country, de- kings of Edom, hence a descendant of
featedl the arliy of Joash, pillagled the Esau; but it is quite probable that he
calpt-l, an cd murdered the princes. was before Esau, and cotemporary with
They heaped disgrace upon the king; the patriarch Abraham. It has been
and not long after his own servants thought that he. was a descendant of
murdeied himni in his bed; and so the Nahor by HIuz, his eldest son, as Elihu,
blood of Zechariah, who was tiur- one of Job's counsellors, was by Buz,
dered between the p o r ch and the Nahor's second son. It is inlpossible
altar, was revenged. 2d Chron. xxiv: to tell certainly from whom he was de25.  Ie was buried in Jerusalem, but scended, and at what particular time
not in tahe sepulcher of the kings.  he lived. There are some imnortant
circumstances that he mentions or reJOASI1, 2 — Vhlo despairs, burns, is fers to, which lead us to suppose that
o1 fire.                        lhe w a s cotemporary with the great
Patriarch.
JOAsEI was the son of Jehoahaz,   There can be no doubt but there was
and the grandson of Jehu. He was such a person as Job, and that the afa king of Israel. IHe reigned two flictions spoken of in the book of Job 
years in conjunction with his father were real. The Spirit of Inspiration
and fourteen years alone. 2d Kings, refers to him as a righteous man. Ezek.
xiii: 9.                             xiv: 14: "Though these three men,




JOB                  [2661                JOB
Noah, Daniel and. Job, were in it, they seven calam;ties to come upon him for
should deliver but their own souls by the trial of lIis faith.  On a certain
their righteousness."  And the apostle day, when the worshipers of God were
Jaimes, v: 11, says:  "Behold, we asselmble  together for  devotion, Satan
count them happy which endure.  Yc presented himself almong them. Andcl
have heard of the patience of Job, and the Almighty questioned him  a s to
have seen the end of the Lord; that whence hle came, where he w a s going,
the Lord is very pitiful and of tender and what his object wa's. And God
mercy."  And in addition to this, the asked Satan if le had set his heart
book itself expressly specifies the names upon the destruction of his servant Job.
of persons, places, falcts, &c., usually Hie indicated thati, he had, and told the
related in other histories, which  are Almighty that Job was devoted to him
considered reliable.  Job's n a     is irom3  mercenary motives.  Hee insinuagiven; his wealth is described, and his ted that Job wLas a hypocrite, that he
piety; and the number of his children, was serving God for the purpose of prowith the names of some of them, at rser-ing his unconnimon wealth and to
least.  His wife is referred to, and her aild to it, and that if lie was afflicted a
conduct is a recorded fact.  It is quitr little he would soon give up his religion
likely lhe was comparatively a youing  andl curse his Maker.  God then perinan  when he passed through the sc- mlitted Satan to try Job, by destroying
vere trials recorded of Ilin  for Eli- iris property, but lie was not allowed to
phlaz, one of his counsellors, addresses touch his persore
hin  as a young m1Ian cornpa edl with    Stan incited  te thiedish Sabeans to
himself. Job, xv: 10: W" ith us are fill on his cattle. a n d they drove them
the gray-lleaded and very aged men, all away and nmurdefr    d hlis servants.
nmUCli elder than thy  itherl'.    Jotb He-l next csused fire to fall upon Job's
speaks of the sins of his youth, and flocks and burn thlelm  up and the seralso of tlhe prosperity of his youth. vants that kept theme. i-fe next inciJob, xiii: 26. EIe survived his trial ted the savage and unprinciplecd Chalone hundred and forty years. xlii: 16. deans, to f.ll11 Upon the camels and take
Ills afflictions were in all probability thenm  and murder the servants who
some time before the departure of the were attending them, and abtout the
children of Israel from Egypt; and the same tilme, while the seven sons and
book was written before that, or there three daughters of Job were attending
would have been, we think, some allu- a feast at t h e i r elder brother's house,
sion to that circumstance.             probably a birth-day feast, Satan raised
The history of Job begins with his a terrible stormn that blew down the
character as a devoted servant of the house and buried the ten children in
living God. His family consisted of the ruins.
seven sons and three daughters, who   It seems t h a t in every one of thesel
all lived in affluence, and for aught we calamities that fell upon Job, some one
know, in harmony.  His wealth was who witnessed them was preserved and
abundant, consisting of oxen and asses, bore the sad news to him, and they
sheep, camels, &e.  I-e was probably canie in succession as messengers of sad
the wealthiest and greatest man in all tidings.  When the last one told the
that country-noted for his piety and heart-rending tale of the death of his
integrity.  I-ie not only attended to his sons and daughters, severle as was the
own spiritual interests, but, like Abra- stroke, he resigned himself to the will
hanm, to the spiritual interests of his and providence of God, and having  exfamily.  When his sons held their an- Eihibited his grief by rening his clothles
nual feasts, which they probably did and shaving off the hair of his head, he
regularly on their birth-days, Job al- broke out in the following language:
ways rose early next norning, and with "The Lord gave, and the Lord hIath
deep devotion offered up sacrifices for taken away; blessed be the name of the
them, fearing lest in their mirth they Lord."  It was not long after this until
had forsaken God and committed sin Satan presented himself again a-s the
against him.  Job, i: 5, informs us enemy of Job.  The Lord referred him
that this was his constant custom.     to the conduct of Job, under the heavy
Job was marked by Satan and his afflictions through which he had passed.
destruction aimed at. God permitted Satan then suggested that Job had




JOB                 [2671                JOB
maintained his interity because his I address that seemed to strike convlcperson was untouched, alnd he alleged tion to Job'-s heart.  lie was convinced
that if he was afflicted in person, he of error and repented before God. He
would then cr;se God and give up h i S sought, a n d obtained divine favor, and'
service.                             the Almighty appointed him as a priest
Satan was then permitted to do all and a minister of religion. to his tlree
that he could in afflicting Job in body, friends who had falsely chargecd him
but was liniited in that he could not dcle-   After Job had prayed for their forstroy his life.,  le immediately afflicted giveness the scenes in his  i fe begin to
him with sore boils from the crown of change. The burden that was upos
his head to the soles of his feet.  le hilam was taken off, and his friends came
became, because of these, a loathsome to him from  every direction with cornobject to look upon. Hle clothed him- pliments and p ntsents of money. Ite
self with sackcloth and sat in ashes, soon becam e wealthy again, much lmore
and scraped hinmself with a potsherd, so than before  the dest. ection of his
thus removing the putrid matter that property.  And again the Lord blessed
ran from his sores.                   him with children, in irnmber the saizn
In addition to all his othe-r afflictions, as he had before, seven sons a n d three
his wi-fe upbraided him  because hlie did daughters, and we are informed that he
not complain.  "Dost thou still main- gave to his cdaughters  the following
tain thine integrity? curse God and naimes:  Jemima, Kezia and Kerendie."  But as he hadl behaved in the happuch.  It is said they were very
former trials, so did lie in this.  I-Ie fair, n o t excelled in beauty by any wosaid to his wife "thou spealkest as one inen of the land.
of the foolish women. Shall we receive   Job lived, after he was thus restored
good at the hands of the Lord, and not to prosperity, one hundred and forty
also evil. "  le felt that it became him  years, and saw his children to the fourth
to receive affliction from God's hand. generation. Job is to be pointed to in
that had so often bestowed favors[ all time to c o m e as an example of paJob, ii: 10.                          tienee in affliction, of triumph in the
His three friends, Eliphaz, Bildad darkest hours, of strong faith in God,
and Zophar, hearing of the calamities and bright hopes of a fnture glorious
that had befallen him, the sad disaste1rs inheritance.  [See the Book of Job. 
through which lie had passed and w a s
passing, came to visit him, and counsel J 0 B, 2 —Iie that weeps, cries, or
him, and xwith them came a young man      speaks out of a hollow place.
named Elihu. The counsel, adclvice
and admonitions of the four friends-are   JoB was one of the sons of Issachar,
given in the the book of Job.         and is m e n t i o n e d with his three
It seems that the patience of the brothers among the grand children of
good man was almost overcome, and he Jacob, who went down into Egypt to
was led to curse the day of his b i r t h. sojourn there. Gen. xlvi: 13.
He seems to wish that h e had never
been borii, or that lie had died in early JOBAB, 1-[Jo'bab.]
in fan c y.  When his three friends   JOnAB was the son of Joktan, and
charged him with hypocrisy, and gave the grandson of Eber, and is referred
it as their opinion that his severe afflic- to in the posterity of Shem. Genesis
tions were punishment for his sins. He x: 29.
plead his own cause before them and
declared that he was not a deceiver. JOBAB, 2.
He protested against their charge, and   JonAB, a king of Edom, was the
certified his integrity in such a manner son of Zerah, of Bozrah, and the sucthat he put them to silence.          cessor as a king, of Bela, the son of
The youthful Elihu then spoke, a n d Beoor.  I-e was succeeded by -lHushan
in his address lie admitted that Job of the Iand of Temlani. Some have
was a saint, a true servant of the living thought that this person was the same
God, yet he reproved him for some of'  as Job, the man of Uz; but the hishis unguarded speeches. And this ad- tory of him in Gen. xxxvi: 34, does
dress of Elihu was probablg approved not present himu as a man remarkable
of God, for he follows it with a solemn for his trials, patience and faith.




JOG                 [268]               JOE
JOCIEBED-[Jok'e-bed,]glorious, Pharoah's daughter was accustomed
hoznorable, a person of qmeit, the to come, it may be, every day, to perglory of the Lord.                form a religious a b 1 u t i o n.  The
JOCIIEBED was the wife of Amnrall. princess saw the ark, had it brought
"There went a man of the house of to her, looked at the beautiful babe,
-Levi and took to Life a daughter of and determined a 1 in o s t at once to
Levi."  And this woman  of Levi was adopt it as her own son.
the lnother of the illu strious -Moses.   Soon, in the order of iDivine Provi-'The nam1es of Alraln and Jochebed dolnee, Jochebed had her darling babe
are not given where the thrilling nat- plabcd in her arms again, to nurse it
rative of their son commlences, Exodus  or  Pharoah's daughter for w a g e.
ii. But their names occur in Exodus How  mn.ust her heart have, swelled
vi, where the fmily of Levi is spoken with g r a t i t u d e to God, when she
of by nlamiue. And the marriage of Am-  pressed that infant to her bosom, and
rai with Jochebod, with the relation thouglht of the future greatness desthey sustained to each other be-ore tined for hlil.
their  ar r i a  e, and the two sons,   When he had coime to su-fficient age,
Aaron and TJoses, that shec bare. Ex. she took hinm to the princess, and he
vi: 20.'IAnd A in r a     took himi becamle   her son. H-low often she saw
Jochebed, ns fither's itCter, to wif', him aftler thisT;,V we do not know, but it
and sc:he bare lln Aaron.nd Moses." is reasonable to suppose that Moses
1She sustained then the relation of occasionally visited her, and that
atint to hl on o hiS atioer' side.    when she died she had a fir1 convicAaron, the eldeste son of Jochebed, tion that her son would be a great
was born before the cruel edict of the inan, and a friend to his oppressed
king of Egypt, but Moses was born people.
during the existence of the cruel lW.
His mother determi-ned, if possible, JOEL,  1 -  [Jo"-el,] that wills, co.b-to save him. " When sh saw hi-m tha-t    iaaclds, or swear.
he was a goodly child, she hid himl
three months."  This would seem to   JoEL nwas the son of Pethuel, one
inimiate that the babe was more lbeau- of the in i n o r p r o p h e t s.  li-e is
tiful than her other childcen hadl been-  thought to Ihave prophesied in the time
wheni in early infancy, and possibly of Hezekiah or Manasseh.  He is the
this may be so, and is a part of the author of sonmie very impo-tant proreason which led the daughter of phccies. He told of a -fearful fainime,
Pharoah to adopt him as her son, and that would come upon his people on nomakle him an Egyptian Prince. Joch- count of a want of rain, and an abundebed succeeded for three months in anee of destructive vermin. He calls
concealing her child and so preserving aupon the people to engage in humbling
its li-fe.  And fearing to a t t e l p t themselves before God, by fGasting and
hiding him any longer, she collected prayer, and tells thenm that they shall
together from  the marshy gr o u n d s be delivered from  the fbmine and denear the river Nile, reeds or rushes, stru.tion, by being thus properly exer-'and with them  constructed an ark, cised. He also prophesies of the pouring
and having made it water-proof, and out of the Holy Spirit in the last dclays
prepared it to be a comfortable habi- and under the glorious effusion on the
tation for a short time for the infntia-, day of Pentecost.  Peter in his memorshe lulled him to sleep, imprinted the able sermlon refers to Joel's prophesy,
kiss of fond affection upon his little in thefollowinglanguage: "These men
e h e k, thenl committed him to his are not drunken as you suppose, seeing it
home. She placed the ark in the flags is but the third hour of the day, but this
of the river's brink. Though she did is that which was spoken by the prophet
not doubt but the ark was water- Joel:  Behold, I will pour out of my
proof, yet she was not willing because spirit in the last days, saith  the
of the precious treasure within it, to Lord, &e.'
put it out on the water, where itwould   Joel predicts the ruin of the Philisbe bourne down by the current. She tines and other nations, and then refers
placed it among the flags by the brink to the deliverance of the Jews in the
not very far from  the place where last days.  [See book of Joel.]




JOE                 [2691                JOIL
JOEL, 2- Tcat oills, cogmnrta.ds, or diction, and, be divinely directed in
swears.                           their walk and conduct in the future.
JOEL was the name of the eldest son Jeremiah piroised to pray for themn
of Samuel. He with Abiah assisted and ifithfully to report the word of
Samuel as a Judge of Israel. 1st Sam. the Lord to them.  And he did.
viii: 2, &e.  [See Abiahl.]              It seems thlat Johanan and those
that were with himl desired to go to
JOEL, 3-Thzat wills, comlmmamt.ls, or Egypt and  reside, and the prophet
swears.                           enquired  of the Lord for the m,
JoEL was the son of Josibiah.   1st whether they s h oul  d go, and the
Chron. iv: 35.                        prophet reporited to them, uthat they,should  rema.in in  theirr own  land
JOEL, 4 —Tht -wzills, coz1mands, or a-lnd shCould b'e saved firom the hand
swears.                           of the king o&f Babylon.  But if they
JOEL was the son of Zichri.  He is deternined to go to Egypt for the purreferred to in Neh. xi: 9, as a person pose of escaping war and hunger,
of considerable importance.   e was thse thge othgs should surely overtake:
an overseer am on g the dwdellerS at t-hem and theys houcl die ini that land.
Jerusalem.                             They would: not obey the Lord and
sufemed for their disobedience.  Jer.
JOEL, 5-Catt wills, comzncnsos,   or xlii.
sZvears.                            When Johamana went into Egypt he,
JOEL was the son of Pedaiah,  the carried the people  left in the land,
ruler in the half tribe of Mtanasseh in dow-n vith him, and thle prophet Jerethe time  of David. 1st Chr-onicles miash alonlg  theml,  alnd in- the cou-seC
xxvii: 20.                             of fourteen yp-ur s thecy Suffered from
variouo invasions of- the CtbaldeansJOGLT-[Jog'-li.]                      w'ar, the sound of Lhe t-i dupet, pestiJOGLI was the fite}her of BRukVi, the lence and afainmno. evre visited upon
prince of the tribe of Dan, who assisted  them, and they de1.. xliii.
in dividing the land of Canaan. Nunm.
xxxiv:  22.                            JOHNT  1 —[Jon,] t3Ce gify  or  mercy
of the.Lord.
JO-L  NAN- [Jo-ha'-nan.]                JO-rN THE BPTIST waL prophlesied
JO-JANAN was tohe son of 3Talreah, of as the  ir-raunne1 of Moessiah-the
the brother of Jona-than and an as- messenger of' the cominolg Savio-.  -He
sociate of Seraiah and Jezaniah, cap- was  poeken of b   Isa. xLl: 3, and
tains of the forces that were under MIal. ii:.  B ecause o- th1  importGedaliah at  Iiizpah.  He informed ant position he was called to occ-upy
Gedaliah  of Ishmael's  conspiracy he is called the Eiias.
against him.  I-  refused to credit  I-Ie was the son of Zacharias and
Johanan or to allow him  to go as he Elisab-eth.   This Zacharias was an
proposed, secretly to Ishmael an d ag'ed priest of the course of Abia.
slay him, and so break up the con- This aged couple were holy and despiracy.  Gedaliah even charged Jo- voue —t  ey " walked in all the. ordihanarn with speaking falsely of Ish- nances and  co00mmandmuents of0 the
mael. Jer. xl: 13.  Johanan with Lo'rd, blaieless."  The birth of this
his associate captains, after the tur- distinguished person, and the importder of Gedaliah by Ishmael, pursued ant work he should perform were prethe murderer and overtook him, yet dicted by the angel Gabriel.  His faIshmael escaped outl of his hands and theor was ministering at the altar in
went to the Amoni-tes. Johanan re- -the order of his course, w'hen the an —
covered the captains that Ishmael had gel appeared unto him, and spake of
carried away and brought them  to his coining son. Oin account of his
Chimham  which is by Bethlehem, unwillingness to credit the prediction
andc there they dwelt. Johanan and of the divine messenger, he was str.tuck
his associates, with the people that dumnb, and. he was unnable to spea.k
were with them  brought the prophet until after John was born. At the
Jeremiah to pray to God for them, time that Zacharias gave himn  his
that they might enjoy the divine bene- name, his tongue was loosesd and he.




JOH                [2701               JOI
praised God, and  as the spirit of is, "IHle that cometh  after me is
rophecy came upon him he predicted mightier than I, the latchet of whose
the appearance and work of Christ shoes I am not worthy to unloose,"
shortly, as also the character and work He further told them that the Messiah,of this his infant son. Luke, i: 67.  should shortly be designated by the
It had been declared by the angel holy Spirit descending, and to their
regarding John that he should be a sight, resting upon him.
Nazarite from  his mother's womb,   While John was baptizing in Jordan
" and he shall drink neither wine nor the multitudes that heard him preach,
strong. drink, and he shall be filled Christ approached him and demanded
with the holy Ghost."  Luke, i: 15. of him baptism.; but John, understandOf the early part of the life of John ing to some extent, if not fully, the
the Baptist, we know but little. It is glory of Jesus, the superiority of his
said of himn that he grew, and waxed person and character, said, "I have
strong in the Spirit, and was in the need to be baptized of thee, and comest'deserts until the day of his showing thou to me?"  He seemed to feel that
unto Israel."  Though John was con- he was not worthy to perform baptism
secrated to God from  his mother's upon such a subject, but Jesus said
womb, yet he did not entder  upon the unto him, "Suffer it to be so now, for
ministerial office until he had attained thus it becometh us to fulfill all rightthe age of thirty years.  He spent cousness."  John then baptized Jesus
much of his time in solitude, alone in in the presence of the multitude; and
mneditation and prayer. He retired to the Holy Spirit descended, and in the
the deserts where he lived for some form of a dove sat upon the head of
time, and we are informed that "his Jesus, while a voice was heard, saying,
r a i I e n t was camels hair, and a "This is my beloved Son, in whom I
leathern girdle about his loins-and am well pleased." John pointed Jesus
his meat was locuSt and wild honey." out to two of his disciples the next day.According to the prediction of the as the "Lamb of God that taketh
prophet Isaiah, John's ministry was away the sin of the world." See Matt.
commenced in the wilderness. " The iii; Luke, iii; John, i.
voice of one crying in the wilderness,  It was not long after this that John
prepare ye the way of the Lord —make was baptizing at Enon, near to Salim,
straight in the desert a highway for our when his disciples came to him and in-God."  The evangelists tell us that he formed him that Jesus was baptizing,
went forth "preaching in the wilder- and that great multitudes were followness and saying, repent for the king- ing him. They seemed to be afraid,dom of heaven is at hand."  He de- that the glory of their master would be
cdared the coming of the Messiah, eclipsed in the rapidly-growing popuand called on the people to repent larity of Jesus. The information they
because the kingdom of God, (or the gave John was rather in a complaining
N e w  Testament dispensation) was mood: "Master, he to whom  thou
about being revealed.  It "is at barest witness beyond Jordan, behold
hand."  The people heard his words he baptizeth, and all men come unto
anmd many of them heeded his admon- him.'" John hushed their complaining
itions and faithful warnings, they re- by saying, "He that hath the bride is
pented and were baptized. We judge the bridegroom, but the friend of the
from the account given that all who bridegroom which standeth and heareth
repented or professed to repent, and him rejoiceth greatly because of the
confessed their sins, were baptized bridegroom's v o i  e.  This my joy,
with water by John.  And they cred- therefore, is fulfilled.  He must inited John's words, that the Messiah crease, but I must decrease." He thus
was about to make his appearance, gave his testimony to the truth of
and that he would baptize them with Christ's Messiahshlip. John, iii: 29,
the holy Ghost.                     30.
He was so mighty as a teacher that   John the Baptist was revered and
many of the people thought surely he respected by Herod, the Tetrarch, of
was the Messiah; but he told them  Galilee; but having occasion to reprove
he was not. He was far inferior to Herod, he did so fearlessly. The ofhim who should come —his language fense he had committed was an offense




JOEI                [271]                JOIH
against the Jewish law.  He had mar- greater than John the Baptist."  His
fled his brother Philip's wife. He told age and dispensation connects the old
Herod it was not lawful for him to have and new Testaments-the prophetical
her. The consequence of his thus re- age and the age of Christ. Because of
proving sin in high places was, he was his austere life and self-sacrifice, the
cast into prison, where he remained for wicked Pharisees said, "He hath a
somle time. During the time of his devil," though he was so thoroughly
imprisonment he sent two of his disci- respected that they were afraid to disples to Christ to ask him if he was the seminate their sentiments.  " John the
Messiah, or if they should look for an- Baptist came neither eating nor drinkother. It is quite probable that John ing, and they say he hath a devil. The
was satisfied, but he wished to have his son of man came eating and drinking,
disciples satisfied and their faith con- and they say, behold a glutton and a
firmed. Hence, Jesus said to John's wine-biber, a friend of publicans and
disciples,  "Go and show  John the sinners."
things which ye do hear and see: the
blind receive their sight, the lame walk, JOHN, 2. —The gift or mercy of the
the lepers are cleansed, and the deaf     Lord.
hear; the dead are raised up, and the   JOHN TIHE EVANGrLIST was the son
poor have the gospel preached unto of Zebedee and Salome, and the brothem."  John received this report ther of James the greater. He was a
from Jesus, and it is quite likely he fisherman on the sea of Galilee, and
referred his disciples to the prophecy the account of his ca-ll from his employthat Jesus thus copied as his answer. ment to be a disciple and attendant -of
Mifatt. xi.                           Jesus, is given in  Matt. iv: 21. It has
Soon after this the daughter of been thought that he, with his brother
iHerodias danced before Herod and James, was a disciple of John the Bapgreatly pleased him, so that he prom- tist, and if so, they might have been
ised to give her whatever she would ask present at the baptism  of Jesus and
of him.  She consulted her mother as joined in the devotions that were, so
to what she should ask. This gave the signally honored. John is thought to
wicked woman an opportunity to grat- have been the youngest of all the aposify her malice and hatred of John. It ties, being not more than twenty-five or
may be she had sought revenge from  twenty-six years of age when he enthe time John was cast into prison. tered upon the work of a follower of
Now an opportunity is afforded, and Jesus. He seems to have been loved
she bids her daughter ask Herod for by Jesus with a particular love, and he
the murder of the good man, and she is called "that disciple whom Jesus
asked that the evidence of his having loved."  And he was favored by our
been put to death might be given her, Savior with several scenes that all the
by his head being brought to her in a the disciples were not favored with.
charger.  It w a s accordingly done, He accompanied Jesus when he rethough on the part of Herod with re- stored the daughter of Jairus to life,
luctance.  Matt. xiv.                 with James his brother, and Peter.
After John  w as thus beheaded, So he was present at the transfiguraHerod permitted his disciples to take tion. He was with Jesus in the garden
the body and give it a decent and re- of Gethsemane, when he endured the
spectable burial. It is thought that dreadful agony there.  He leaned on
John the Baptist was thus put to death Jesus' breast at the eucharistic feast,
about a year and a half before our Sa- and when Peter wished to know who it
vior's crucifixion. As it regards him, was that would betray Jesus, he asked
the Savior testifies that he was a great John, because he was on such terms of
and good man. Tie was a firm  and intimacy, to ask the master who would
con tant believer, and a noted teacher betray him, John xiii: 24, and his
in the things of God. The Savior says question was directly answered by givhe was a prophet and more than a ing the sop to Judas when he had
prophet. He was one of the greatest dipped it.
men that ever appeared in any age of   John was present at the crucifixion
the world.  "Of them  that are born of Jesus, for just as the Savior was exof woman, there hath not risen a piring on the cross, he addressed his




JOrI                [2721                JOK
nother in the most affectionate manner, upon their nation and polity, and it is
"woman behold thy  son," and he thought by some that he wrote his gossaid to the disciple whom he loved, pel containing those predictions in the
"'behold thy mother."  This was un- year ninety-seven, which was long- after
derstood to be on the part of the dying the destruction of Jerusalem. Whether
Jesus, as placing his mother under the he wrote it so late as that or not, it is
care, and committing her to the atten- quite likely that the other gospels were
tions of John, for "fromn that hour written  first.   His gospel is more
that disciple took her unto his own spiritual and doctrinal than either of
home."  John xix: 26.                 the others, and the first chapter espeJohn was one of the first witnesses cially, is a clear presentation of the docof the resurrection.  H-e in company trine of Christ's humanity and divinity
with Simon Peter, received the intelli- conjoined. The historical narrative is
gence from one of the women that the not so extensive as the other gospels,
sepulcher was empty, and the body but it accords with them  in that pargone.  They hurried to the sepulcher ticular, while it is a standard of doeand found it as the women had reported. trine or faith for all ages.
It is said of John that he outran Peter   St. John was banished to the Isle
and came first to the sepulcher.  John of Patmos.  This was an island in the
xx: 4.  When John made the examin- ZEgean sea. -Te tells us in Pevelation
ation of the tomb, notwithstanding he i: 9, he was " in the isle that is called
did not understand the doctrine of the Patmeos, for thfe word of God, and for
resurrection, yet he believed that Jesus the t e st i m o n y of Jesus Christ."
had risen. John xx: 9.  Ie was with Which one of the Rooman emperors
the disciples at different times when banished him, is not certainly known,
Jesus showed himself to theml after his but it was p r o b a b 1 y Nero, if not
resurrection, and he was present at, the Domitian, in the latter part of his
Mount of Olives on  the ascension reign. I-Ie wrote three epistles, probmorning, and heard the last audible ably during his exile.  The first was
words of Jesus just as the cloud of written to the Ephesian church. The
glory settled upon him  and the Angel second was written to a worthy feescort surrounded him. Mlark xvi: 19 male called "the elect lady."  And
and Luke xxiv: 51.                    the third was written to Gaius.
Froml the acts of the apostles we may   John received the revelations comjudge that he preached the gospel for monly styled the apocalypse while on
some time in Jerusalem, and we learn the island of P a t   os, and what a
in, Acts iv, that in company with Peter glorious series of revelations does the
he was tried by the Jewish Sanhedrim, book contain. Ee is supposed to have
and cast into prison.                 been rectalled frou his exile, and in
He and Peter lad performed a noted his old age, to have met with the
miracle of healing in the name of their church in Ephesus, to which he minmaster, of the lame man at the beauti- is-tered in the days of his strength.
ful gate of the temple, and the hypoe- And after counselling, advising and
risy of Annanias and  Sapphira had strengthening theml, he died, it is supbeen detected, and they had both died posed, a nat;ural death among them,
with a lie in their mouth.            and he is the only one of the a.postles
After they were released from prison, that did not suffer 1,1martyrdom. It is
John and Peter were sent by the other likely that our Savior was referring
apostles to some Samaritans, to whom  to the fact that John should die a
Philip, the Deacon, had preached with a natural death, when he said to Peter,good degree of success. The object of John xxi: 22, "If I will that he tarry
the apostles and church in sending till I come, what is that to thee; folthem there, was to instruct them  more low thou me;"
fully regarding the completed gospel,
and impart to them  the Holy Ghost. JOKSHAN-[Jok'-shan,  ]         hard cdifActs viii: 14, &e.                       ficzut, scamdalous.
John was one of the evangelists to
whom our Lord delivered his predictions   JOrSTIAN was one of thle sons of
regarding the destruction of Jerusalem, Abraham, by Keturah, and is referred
and the calamities that should come to in Gen. xxv: 2, and he was the




JOK                [273]               JON
fat.her of Sheba and ID ed a n. 1st have been afraid that his honor as a
Chron. i: 32.                       prophet would be tarnished. And at
Joppa he found a vessel ready to sail
JOKTAN-[Jok'-ta.n] smnall, ciis- to Tarshish, and he went on board,.
gucst, weariness, dispute.      paid his fare, and set sail, thus feeing
JOITA.N Was the son of Eber, and from the path of duty and refusing
the grandson of Salah, and is referred the work to which God had appointed
to in the posterity of Shem. Genesis him. The vessel had not proceeded
x: 25.                              far until a storm overtook them, and.
the frightened crew b e g a n to call
JONADAB-[Jon'-a-dab,] who acts upon their gods for deliverance; butl.in good earnest.              no deliverance camre. The storm did
JONADAB was the son of Shimeah,  not abate, and their peril was all the
]David's brother; henee he was the while inereasing. They remembered
nephew of David and the cousin of this Hebrew that had taken passage
Absalom.  31-e is presented to our on board their ship and' sought for
view as a very subtle and wicked man, him. He was in the side of the ship.
in 2cl Sam. xiii: 5.  When Am-non asleep, and they quickly awoke him,
was sick in love with Tamar, his half- saying: "What me a nest thou, 0
sister, or Beigned sickness, Jonadab sleeper; arise, call upon thy God, if
was guilty of giving him the most dia- so be that God will think upon us
bolical advice. Amnon followed it, that we perish not."
and it resulted in his disgrace and the   There was a c u s to m  prevailing
disgrace of Tamar, and finally in the among the Hebrews as well as other
murder of Amnon by he r brother nations, when a doubtful matter was
Absalom.                            to be settled and the counsel of those
concerned was insuflieient to settle it
JONAIH-[Jo/-nah,] a cdove, hle that to ask direction of their God; and
_)presses.                      they usually did this by casting lots.
J ONAh was a prophet of Gatl-He- They therefore cast lots to ascertain
pher, in Galilee.  He ranked as the who was the cause of the storm, and
fiftll of the minor prophets, and was the lot -fell upon Jonah. Hle acknowithe son of Amlittai. HEe is thought to edged, like an honest man, his nation,
be the most ancient of the prophets occupation, and sin in fleeing from
who wrote, or whose writings are pre- the presence of the Lord; and he
served. Some of the Jewish Rabbi bade them take him up and cast him
have thought him to be thile son of into the sea, and assured themn that
Serepta, and that he was raised to life the storm  should cease and the sea
when a child by the prophet Elijah. should be calmn. They seemned to reBut of this we have no certain proof. gard Jonah as an honorable man, and
There is an important prophecy in they wished if possible to save his
2d Kings, xiv: 25, referred to as the life; hence they r'owed hard to bring
prediction of Jonah, the son of Amilt- the boat to land, but could not. They
tai.  It was a prediction that God threw him  overboard, calling uponu
would restore thle cities which the God to witness their reluctance to
Syrians had taken froml the Hebrews proceed to this extremity of destroying'
during the reigns of Ahab, Jehoram, the life of this disobedient prophet.
Jehu, and Jehoahaz.                Immediately, upon Jonah's being cast
We have a narrative of this prophet into the sea, the storm was stilled and
in the book that bears his naime. In the waves ceased their raging, which
that narrative we learn that lie was led these heathens to acknowledge'
commanded to go to Nineveh a n d the God of Jonah llto be the Lord.
warn them of the anger of God and   The Lord prepared a fish to swallow'
their approaching destruction. HI-e up the prophet as soon as he 1was comwas either afraid of tlhe Ninevites or mitted to the waves, and in the belly of'
he feared that the Lord would be the fish he earnestly prayed to God,
merciful unto themn  and forbear to and after three days and nights the fish
punish them, if they repented, and so vomited him  up on dry land. This
prove him to be the author of a pre- was a wonderful miracle pe:rformed by
diction that was false. Ile seems to the Lord.  The fish  was preparerd
18




JON                 [274]              JON
miraculously for that purpose; God sied-for among them were one hunmade Jonah to live and breathe in the dred and twenty thousand innocent infish miraculously, and by niracle caused fants, or persons that did not know
the fish to vomit him up on the dry their right hand fronz their left, beside
land. He was then recommissioned to much cattle. Jonah typified our Sago to Ninevah and declare the message vior lying part of three days in the
that had been given him before. He grave, Milatt. xii: 40, "For as Jonah
went, and for three days proclaimed as was three dclays and three nights in the
he walked around the walls, or upon whale's belly, so shall the son of man
the wall, "Yet forty days, and Nineveh be three days and three nights in
shall be overthrown."  The people the heart of the earth."  Christ thus
heard him and credited his message, speaks of his,urial and resurrection.
and repented. Their king ordered them  And as Jonah, after his deliverance,
to apply themselves to fasting  and preached to the Ninevites, so after the
prayer. God recognized their humilia- gospel was consuriateld, its glorious
tion and repentance and forbore to exe- doctrines were promulged to men. See
cute His vengeance upon them. Jo- Book of Jonah.
nah seemed to be greatly displeased.
In a hasty and inconsiderate manner J 0 N A T HI A N, 1-[Jon'-a-than,]
he looked upon the mercy that had       given to God.
been shown them, and was very angry;   JONAT-JAN was a young Levite. He
and in his anger he wished to die rather was the son of Gershom and perhaps
than live, seeing the prediction he had the grandson of Moses. Judg. xviii:
made was to be unfulfilled. Tis lan- t0. He was selected by Micah to
guage was, "Take my life from me, serve as his priest, and for the sum of
for it is better for me to die than to ten shekels of silver a year, with a
live."  Jonah then went out of the suit of apparel and his victuals he
city, and sat on the east side of it to,agreed to serve.  Micah seemed to
wait and see whlat would become of the feel confident that the Lord would
city. While he was there waiting, the bless him, seeing this Jonathan, a
Lord caused a gourd to spring up Levite, was his priest.  There were
quickly and overshadow him from the five Danites who were passing through
scorching rays of the sun. It may be this country as spies, and coming to
that it was a plant that had grown up Mt. Ephrailm they tarried for a night
in that place, and he took his seat un- at the house of Micah, and during the
der it to enjoy the shelter that it gave. evening they overheard some converiBut a wornm began eating at the root, sation of the young Levite, and they
and the consequence was the plant soon knew his voice.  They had probably
withered, and so failed to shade him. been acquainted with him beibre, and
The growth of this plant may have addressing him  they said: "Who
been supernatural as also its withering. brought thee hiit her?  And what
The next duay, as the sun arose and a makest thou in this place, and what
vehement east wind accompanied it, hast thou here?"  IHe told them he
beating upon the head of Jonah, he was hired as a priest for Micah. They
fainted, and still angry, he wished to then asked him to ask counsel of God
die. He even averred to God that he for them, whether or not they should
was right in wishing to die, " It is better prosper in their way. He pretended
for me to die than to live."  The A1- to consult his idol, anc  assured  them
mighty bade him take time to think-  that their undertaking at Laish should
to consider what he was saying.  As prosper. And when they did accoemthough God had said, If thou hast plish their end —six hundred of the
pity on the inanimate plant, on the Danites took  Jonathan away from
short-lived gourd, how much more rea- Micah, and with him  they took the
son is there for me to have pity upon graven image, and all the equipments
the inhabitants of Ninevah, who are of the priest.  They had not proall immortal, and who are penitent be- ceeded far from Mt. Ephraim until
fore me. How strange it seems that Micah overtook them, and demanded
Jonah should desire the destruction of of them his images and his priest;
the thousands of the inhabitants of but they would not hear him or satisfy
Ninevah just because he had prophe- his demands.  Being stronger than




JON                [275]               JON
he, they compelled him to give it up, posed that the Hebrews had the ad-.and so he lost his gods and his priest. vantage of themn, and would destroy
Jonathan kept charge of the gods them, they fled in great confusion.
-of Micah, and the vestments of his When Saul saw that they fled he made
priest-and as a priest he served the ready to pursue them; and calling the
children of Dan in a city that they roll of his officers and soldiery, it was
named Dan. He and his posterity discovered that Jonathan  and his
were priests until the captivity of the armor-bearer were absent. The noise
land. Judges, xviii': 30.            among the Philistines increased, and
Saul hurried to the pursuit. While,JONATHAN, 2 —Given to God.          making his preparations he made a
JONATHAN was the son of Saul, rash vow: " Cursed be the man that
iking of Israel. ITHe was a very excel- eateth any food until evening, that I
lent prince and greatly distinguished may be avenged on mine enemies."
himself by his valor, excellent quali- Jona-than knew nothing of this vow of;ties, and  especially by his sincere his father, and as he passed through
friendship for  David, the son of Jesse. the woods, seeing some honey, he put
When the Philistines had invaded forth the end of his staff and touched
the country of Israel, and wrought up it, and then putting it to his mouth
the whole nation of the Hebrews to a tasted the honey, and so brought himstate of alarm and terror, Jonathan self into danger. As soon as he had.delivered them.    Actuated by true done so, one of the soldiers informed,courage, he went over to a garri-' him of his father's charge or vow; and
son of the Philistines against Mich- soon Saul was made acquainted with
mnash.  In approac-hing the garrison et e fact that his order had been viohe went up between the two sharp lated, and that Jonathan had tasted
rocks called Bozez and Senah. Hay- honey. I-He determined that he should
ing made the difficult passage be- die; but the people interfered, and
tween the rocks, he proposed to his boldly told Saul that Jonathan should
armour  bearer that they should ap- not die, for he was innocent, as he!proach the garrison in the name of knew nothing of his father's ctlarge;
the Lord. The young man agreed to and mroreover, he had wrought a great
follow him wherever he should go, deliverence in Israel, for the conquest
assuring  him that he was with him in they had made was the result of his
heart, and would be in person, even valor. "So the people rescued Jonato death. Jonathan must have been than that he died not."' let Sam. xiv.
-on termns of intimacy with the Divine   He formed a friendship for ]David
B e in g, and his faith in God was immediately after Goliath was slain,
strong, for he said to the young man: and manifested that.friendship by preWe will show ourselves to the P hilis- senting him with his robe, girdle and
tines, and their conduct towards us bow. When David was Saul's musishall indicate our course.  If they cian, and afterwards a warrior, Jonasay to us tarry, then we will not go, than tenderly loved him, an d more'but if they bid us come up unto them, than once he risked his life for the
then we will go, for the Lord hath safety and deliverance of David. When
-delivered  them  into  our h a n d s. Saul was determined to kill him, so
They did show themselves, and the strong was the attachment of Jonathan
Philistines said, "Come up unto us," under their mutual covenant, that he
Jonathan turned to his armor-bearer stood before his angered father and
and bade him come on, for the Lord plead that David was innocent, and
had delivered their enemies into their thereby narrowly escaped death at the
-hands and power, though they were hands of his father. He went to the
but two, and their enemies were nu- field and shot an arrow, thereby indimerous.  They climbed up on their eating to David, who was hid at the
hands and feet until they came to the stone Ezel, the anger of his father
-top of the rock, when Jonathan and whom he had just sounded. 1st Sam.
the young man slew  twenty m e n xviii, xix, xx.
within about half an acre of ground.    Jonathan did not forget David or
When the Philistines saw how the their mutual covenant, though they
soldiers of the garrison.fell, and sup- were separated the one from the other.




JON                 [2763]               JOH
When he heard  that David was at JORAI-[Jo'-ra-i.]
Ziph he sought him out and had a con-   JoaAI was one of the Gadites whofidential conversation with him in the dwelt in Gileadcl, in Bashall, in the reign
woods, during which he renewed his of Jotham, king of Judah.  1st Chron-u
covenant, and encouraged David to icles, v:' 13.
hope (though now an exile) for the
throne of Israel.                     JOIRAIM, 1-[Jo/-ramu,] to cast, eeIlow strange that the heir-apparent     vc-ted.
to the throne, after the decease of the   JouAmi was the son of Jehoshaphat,
reigning king, should encourage an- and the son-in-law  of king A   a hab.
otlher, not of the royal family even, Upon the death of his father, he as —
save that lie was the husba.nd of cende  the throne of Jucdah.  I-Ie was
Michal, the king's daughter. Jona- one of several sons of Jehoshaphat,
than knew that David was appointed unto whomn the father gave gifts of silver
of God, and was to hbe king   After an and of gold, and of precious things,
intimate a n cl affectionate  interview  with fenced cities in. Judah. The father
they parted.  1st Sam.  xxiii.        gave the kingdom  to Joriam, because
At lenigth an important battle was he was the elder son, or the first-born.
fought between Israel and the Philis- As soon as Joramr  had settled himself'
tines at Mt. Gilboa, and Saul, the king, upon the throne, for some cause or'
and Jonathan were both slain in battle, other, he slew his brothers, and with
with the other two brothers of Jona- them  many of the' piinices of Israel.
than; and the day after the battle the Probably le feared that one of them'
Philistines stripped them of their ar- would dethrone him, and' to prevent
mor and fastened their bodies to the this, he cruelly murdered them all. 2d
walls of Beth-shan. And the men of Chronicles, xxi: 1-4oJabesh-gilead hearing of it went by   Jorame was instigated to much of the'
night and recovered their bodies and wickedness that markted him  in his
brought them  to. Jabesh and burnt reign, by Athalial his wife. Hie was a
them, then buried the bones under a wicked idolater, following' in the way
tree at Jabesh, and fasted seven clays. of Ahab, whom he. 1made- his pattern.
st'Sanm. xxxi.                       His reign was by no means peaceful and
Soon after this battle David heard happy. I-le had wars, distresses, and
of it, andl lamented in the most tender reproofs.  In 2d Chronicles, xxi: 8, we
and' affectionate manner, especially the -learn that his impiety was punished b ydeath of Jonathan.  2d Sam. i: 26: the revolt of the Edomlites, who not
"'1 am distressed for thee, my brother only went away from  him, but made'
Jonathan: very pleasant hast thou'themselves a king and became his enebeen unto ime:. thy love to nme was mzies.. He warred with them, but could
wonderful, passing the love- of women." not subdue them. At the same t i m e
Andi true to his promise and covenant Libnah revolted from him. This was a
with Jonathan, David showed kindness city o'f the priests unwilling any longerto Moephi-bosheth, h is s n.  [ S e e to be governed by. a k i na g who was utDavid; also Mephi-bosheth.]           terly forsaken of the Lord, their God.
The prophet Elijah, under directionr
JONATHAN 3.-Given, to- God.           of God, wrote letters to Joraml, reproaching him for his wickedness, a n d
JONATiHAN, the -ncle of David, was the prophet announced t h e severest
one of hiis great men.  He was one of judgments awaiting h:im.  "Behold
his chief counsellors and a secretary, with a great plague will the Lord smiteand is numbered among t h e wise men. thy people, and thy children and thy
1st Chronicles, xxvii: 32;            wives, and all thy goods, and thou shalt
have sickness by disease of thy bowels,
JORAH —[Jo'-rah.]                     until they fall out, by reason' of theJonAHi was t h e head of a family of sickness, day by day."  2d Chronicles,
one hundred and twelve, who returned sxxi: 14-15.
from Babylon with Ezra. Ezra, ii: 18.   These threatenhags were fulfilled' for
He is presented by Nehemiah under the Philistines and- Arabians ravaged
a n o t h e r name, viz.. IHaripho. Nehe- his kingdomn, plundered h is palace and
miaah, vii; 24o.                      carried captive his wives and children'




JOR:[277]              JOR
all of them, save Ahaziah, the young- battle field and conquere-d t h em.,est, who afterwards succeed him on the Those of them that were not slain in.throne of Judah.  It was not long battle fled to their own country. 2d
until he and nearly all his family, came IEngs, iii.
to a miserable end. Joram, himself,   Some time after this Benhadad, the
was seized with a terrible distemper, king of Syria, sent Naraman to Joram
from  which h e suffered excruciating to be healed of his leprosy, for Naatorment for two years, when his bowels man had learned, through a captive
fell out, as the prophet h a d predicted, maid, that there was a prophet in;and he died.  Hle was no t honored as Israel who could cure him, and he
the kings of Judah usually were; "for had reported it to his lord. The apthey made no burnings for him like the plication was made to Joram by Benburnings of his fathers," and though hadad by letter; and when he read
they gave him  a burial in the city of the letter he lookedl upon it as evilDavid, it was not in the sepulcher of deuce that the king of Israel desired
~the kings. 2d Chron. xxi: 19-20.     to go to war with him; and soon Benhadad and Jorame  were engaged in
JORA3M, 2. — To cast, elevated.       war.
JoIihm, or JEI-IOIIAI, the son of   The prophet Elisha rendered JoAhab, was 1a lring of ISral\el. I-Te sue- ram important assistance by thwarting
-eede  his elder brother, Ahaziah, on the plans aand machinations of Benthe throne of Israel. He removed the hadad, who became so enraged that
statues of Baal, which his father h a d   he sent a host of Syrian soldiers to
introduceed into the 1ingdomn.  "HIc take  him  at Dothan.  The L or d
)ut away the image of Baal, which his smote the Syrian soldiery with blind-:flther had made."     2d Kinge, iii: 2.   ness, and Elisha led them  into the
Joram, king of Israeli, had Jehos- city of Samlaria, and into the hands
haphat, the king o  Judah, as an ally, and power of Jorain. The king would'with tlhe Edomites, -ho were thenl have sm-itten them at once, but the
tributary to J u d al. hHe marched prophet bade hii treat them  kindly.auainst the king of the Moabites with by giving them  beadcl to eat and water
these, his allis; and after a very fi-  to drink.  He accordcinly did so;.iguing iiarch they came near perish- then sent themr away to their master.
ing for want of Tsater. Joiamr  was in     lhen te Syrians besieged Sama-.a great strait and knew not what to rin, the capital of Israel, so that fmine
do. It seemzed certain io him that he  and w a n t pressed the inhabitants
with his allies, would be delivered until -women did eat their own childinlto the hands of tihe king of Moab.  ren, Joiare  blamed Elisha for the
Johoshapaat asked him if there was distress orf the city, and intended to
no prophet.of ]israel near that they murder him, but he was prevented:might enqire of as to the will of the from it. 2d Kings, vi.  le soametimes'Lord. One of the strvants of Joram  honored the prophet, and at other
oveorheard the questzonu and answered times aimed to injure anCd destroy
it bysaying:  "H-re is Elis1ha, the him.  When the woman whose son
son of Shaphat, which poured water Elisha had restored to life asked Joon the hands of'Elijah." 2d Kings, iii: ram to restore her her house and her
11. The three kings'went down to land that she had left before the
see the prophet-; and when 3Joraa fam ine becamne so sore, he seemed to
appliled to him,  he answered him  take delight in having Gehazi, who'roughly and charged upon him  his had been the          t's servant, relate
sins against God. And the prophet the miracles that E 1 is ha'had pertold him that if it were not for the formed, and he readily restored her
-presence of Jehoshaphat the king of the inheritance that belonged to her..Judah, whom he regardedl, he would   When the famine was ended, Samahave nothing to do with him. IHe ria, and the Syrians no longer bevould, neither entertain'his applica- seiged the city, but fled to their own
tion nor look toward him.  Elisha country, all leaving the landc of israel'prophesied an abundance of w a ter Jorarm laid siege to Ramoth-Gilead;
speedily; and it came; and these al- but during the seige, being wounded,.lied kings met the Moabites on the he repaired to Jezreel to be healed.




JOR                 [278]               JOg
He had not been  there long until which as the gift of his father, maniElisha sent one of the  young fested very strikiiugly his partiality for
prophets to the army with a box of him. This love of Jacob for Joseph,
holy oil to anoint Jelhu, the son of led his brothers to hate him,  "and
Nimshi, to be king in the stead of they could not speak pleasantly to him. "
Joraim. Theyoung prophet immedi-  Joseph was afteri-wards distinguished
ately prepared to execute the divinely as a dreamer.  I-e told his. dreams in
appointed mission.  The appearance such a way that his brothers and his
of the young prophet in the camp, father divined the interpretation, and
awakened suspicion amonug the sol- they were displeased. I-is brethren.
diers, and they asked Jehu the cause hated lhin. more and more. Not long
of his coming.  HIe told them what after Joseph had his dreams, and nade:
he had said and done. They immedi-'them. known, his brothers were feeding
ately proclaimed Jehu king. After Gtheir fathers flock in Shechem, and
giving d i r e c t i o n s to the. army, he J acob> sent Joseph to see how they were:
started for Jezreel, where Joram yet getting  along,  and bring him  word.
was, not having fully recovered from'Whoen he reatched Sheehem, and made
his wounds. As one of the watch- inquiry for them, heo earnied that theyr
men on, the tower of'Jezreel saw Jehu had gone to Dothan, and lie- followedc
coming, he reported to Joram, who aft1er then.  Ad when  hi came in sight
immediately ordered a horseman to go of them) moved with envy they conand- meet him, and. salulte him.  Jehu spire-dL against him: to s1ay him, and
ordered the horseman to fall into the they probably would hav-e done it,, had.
ranks behind him, and he did  so. not Peuben the elder brother iiterJoram thlen sent another, and he. did fered by proposing to cast him into a
as the  ormer. The king'then orderyed'pit in the woods to perish.. Peuben s.
his chariot made ready, and he and intention vas, as soon as an opportu-nity
Ahaziah,. his kinsman, the kindeof Ju- offered, to take him up fron m the pi{t
dah, who had come to Jezreel to see and restore him  to his fGther. But
-him, went up. into, the- chariot. and while RBeuben was absent, his brothers
went to meet Jehu. As soon as they sold him to Midicanitish merchants forcame within speaking- distance, Joram  twenty pieces of silver, or about two.
saluted him with, "'  it peace Jeoh?" pounds, s hi shllings, less than. two dolHis answer struck terror to the heart lars apiece, and these merchantmuen took
of Joram, and he turned to A.haziah, hima to Egp-t and sold him to Potipbhar
and said, "There is tr e achery, 0  ain officer of Pharoah., and captain of'
Ahaziah."  Sa r c e  y had he given the guard.  Gen. xxxvii.
this note of alarm, until an arrow    Joseph's good behavior gained him,
from'the bow of Jehun smote him, and the esteem of his master,, and he soon,
pierced his heart, so that he sunk'made him his steward.  It vas not long
cown1 in his chariot. His dead body' however until: his sky wgas clouded, and
was thrown, by' the order of' Jehu, an attempt was made too blast his charinto the field or vineyard, of Naboth. acter by an in-tmous lie. The wife of
And this murder of Joram was fol- Potiphar indulged a criminal passion,
lowed. by the, destruction of the' house for him, but he closed his heart to herof Ahab. 2d Kings-ix; 2d Chron. xxii. entreaties, and urging- that it would be
on his, part the basest ingratitude to his
JOSEPH, 1 —[Jo'-sef,l increce,. ad-' master, as well as wickedness in thedition,.                          ssight of God, and he would not yield.
JoSEPH was the eldest son of Rachel, Unmoved by what he said, she. caught;
the first choice for a wife: of the Patri- hold of' his garment, bat he fled away
arch Jacob.. He was born in Messo-'leaving' it in her hand.. She brought
potamia. For some cause Jaob mani- her flse charge against Joseph to,
fested strong partiality  for Joseph, Potiphar when he caine home, and he,
when he was yet a child'. It may be, it believing his wife, cast him into prison.
was because he was the eldest son of i-ere his good behaviorgained upon the,
Rachel,'or by a divine influence, he keeper of the prison, and soon the other
may have been impressed with the fact prisoners were entrusted to his careo..
that Joseph's life was to be very event- There were two of the king's servants,
ful. I-Je had a coat of many colors, his chief butler and. his chief baker.




Jos                [2791               JOS
and they both dreamed, Joseph inter- B e nj amin., their younger brother
preted their dreams, and the chief but- should come with them the next time
ler pledged himself to Joseph that and Simeon should be retained until
he would remember him  to Pharaoh their second visit to insure the bringafter he was restored to his office. But ing of him.
two years passed away, and the chief   In the manner in which J os e p h
butler in the enjoyrment and pleasures made himself known to his brethren
of his office, forgot Joseph. In the we can see a degree of wisdom, and
course of events Joseph was remerm- high-toned feeling, truly touching and
bered. Pharaoh dreami-ed a dream, and sublime. On the arrival with Benjahis wise men could not explain it. The mmin, he made a great -feast for then.
chief butler spoke of Joseph to the The preparations were all made and
king, and he sent and brought him  they were invited the first day after
from the prison.                     their arrival to dine with him at noon.
Joseph gave a satisfactory interpre- According to his direction they all
tation of the dream, and the king sat before him, ranged according to
honored him by releasing him from  their respective ages, and he, himsel-f
the prison, clothing him in royal cos- served them, "for he sent messes unto
nume, and he took the ring from his them; " but what must have been exfinger in which was set his signet-  ceedingly remarkable to them, and
the n a t i o n a 1 se4l    e then put a especially to Benjamin, the mess sent
golden chain upon his neck. It may to Benjamin was five times as large as
be that that chiman was intended to that to either of the others. They
represent the union which the king may all have renzarked a peculiarity
desired slhould exist in all parts of his in the appearance of Joseph, when he
government, or possibly he intended first mect them and looked upon the
itm,s a badge of office, and to show  son of his own mother, and asked
foyrth the authocrity with which Joseph "Is this your younger b r o th e r, of
was invested. For he rode in the whom  ye spoke  unto  me?" and he
s co ned ch  riot in the nadtio,  anC  sail, " GodC be gracious unto thee, my
rulled over all the land. During the son. "  He had no sooner said this,
seven years of plenty, he collected the than he hurried from their presence,
surplus  corn of the land, and stored sought his chamber where he might
it in giranaries for the coming faliine. weep.
HIe was married to Asenaath, the   Thc  next day they were furnished
danaghter of Poti-pherah, priest of -with corn, and started for home. They
On, and in the course of time, there lhad not proceedl far when the stewwere born unto him two sons, kIanas- ardcl of Joseph followed after them and
seh and Elphraim.  Genesis, xxxix, overtook them, and charged thenl with
sl, xli.                             stealing. Conscious of innocence, they
As Lthe famine came  on, Canaan, all agreed that with whomsoever the
where Jacob dwelt, was suffering, and cup should-be found he should die, and
the old patriarch, in extremity, hear- the rest of them should be servants in
ing that there was corn in Egypt, sent Egypt. Search was made and the silhis ten sons down to buy bread. As ver cup of Joseph was found in the,
soon as they came to Egypt, Joseph sack of Benjamin.  They were all
saw themn and knew thein, but they greatly troubled and returned, and
did not know him.   He was governor standing before Joseph, they plead for
of the land, and was approached by Benjamin. They looked at the dihis brethren just as the interpretation  lemma into which they were thrown as.
of his drearm, when a boy indicated a punishment for their sin in so cruelly
that they would, "for they b o w e c treating their brother Joseph several.
themselves hefoiee him with their faces years before.  Their language was,
to the earth. Joseph, in all probabil-   W Ve are verily guilty concerning our
ity, remembered his dream, and in brother, in that we saw the anguish of
their c o n d u c t its fulfillment. He'his soul when he besought us and we
spake roughly to them, and charged would not hear him; therefore is thisthemn as being spies. But after enquir-! evil comle upon us."  Judah addressed.
ing into their family circumstances, he Joseph in the most affecting manner,
dismissed them on the condition that and asked to be retained as a bondman




JO                  [2801o              JOS
instead of the lad. Joseph was exceed- them  until he saw the wagons and
Ingly affected by the address, and at its presents and provisions.  He said, " It
close found himself unable to refrain is enough; Josepth my son is yet alive.
any longer frolm  giving vent to the I will go and see him  before I die."
feelings  of his heart.  He then or- Jacob accordingly made ready and went
dered the Egyptians all to leave him, to Joseph his son in Egypt. As he
and being left alone with his brethren neared the land of 0oshen, lihe sent
he said, "    amn Joseph; doth any Judah to inform Joseph of hiseomning,
father yet live?"  The announcement and lhe went out in his chariot to mleet
fell upon their ears like the sudden his father. When Jacob could so far
pealing thunder of a midnight storm, control his feelings as to speak, after
and they could not answer.  i-Te en- they ilet, he exclaimed, " Now let nme
treated them  to come near him, and die, since I have seen thy face and bepale and trembling they approached cause thou art yet alive."' Shortly
him.  lie said, " I am Joseplh your after Jacob arrived in Egypt, Joseph
brother, whom ye sold into Egypt;" introduced hin to Pharaoh, and prohere they wept, if possible, still more, cured for hina and his family and herds
for their unfeelingness and inhumanity the land of Goshen.
was brought before him. Joseph knew    A few years after this Jacob called
full well that their hearts were wrung his children around him to give them
with bitter an-guish, and to alleviate, if his parting admonition, and declare
possible, their sorrows, he referred theml the will of God regarding them. He
to the doctrine of divine providence, as blessed  both  the sons of Joseph;
it had been exemplified in his eventful "leaning upon the top of his staff.'
life.  "Now, therefore, be not grieved li e then died and Joseph according to
nor angry with yourselves that ye sold a promise made, elnbalined his body
me hither, for God did send ime beIlfoe and took it into the land of Canaan
you to preserve your life."  If true and buried it in the cave of iMachnobleness was ever exelplified by man, pelah.
it was exemplified here by Joseph. He   Joseph as a true man continued
not onlyfreely forgave them, but wished his friendship and forgiveness to his
them to forget the injury they had done brethren,.but at length the end of his
him. As though he had said: It was eventful life came.  He called his
not you that sold me, but God that sent brethren around him  and told them
me, and had I not been sent, Egypt and he was about to die, but that God
{Canaan would have perished.          would visit them and bring them out
HIe then told his brethren that the of Egypt and give them  the land of
famine would continue five years longer, Canaan as their inheritanee. 1He then
and he desired them to hasten back to exacted of them a solenn and binding
Canaan and inform Jacob their father obligation to carry his remains with
that Joseph his son was yet alive and them:  " By faith Joseph when dying
Governor of Egypt, and tell himu to made mentlon of the departure of the
coinme without delay, and he should dwell children of Israel, and gave commandwith his family and herds in the best mnent concerning his bones."
of the land. In order to satisfy Jacob,   As to the character of this great
his father, that lie was yet alive, Joseph and good man we may sailey say, his
sent wagons to facilitate his journey to piety cannot be questioned, for it was
Egypt, and asses burdened with good ifully and fairly tested. And whether
things, and corn, and bread, and meat, we look at him  as the chattel of the
for their sustenance during the journey. Midianitish merchant, as the slave of
Ile sent his brothers away with the Potiphar, as a prisoner in an Egyptian
affectionate injunction, "See that ye jail or as the governor of Egypt,
fall not out by the way."            fidelity and faithhlkslness mark him  in
As soon as they arrived at home they his course and conduct. He proved,communicated to their ftther the fact himself an honorable politician, one
that Joseph was alive and governor o-f who had the interests of the ri ler and
the land of Egypt. Jacob listened to subjects at heart. For ages the gov-,them, and was so overpowered with the erminent of Egypt enjoyed advantages
intelligence that he fainted, and when which were the resiets of his p-uhe recovered he could not fully credit deuce and wisdom.   His body was




JOS                 [281]                JOS
embalmed and coffined in Egypt, and dI own with them to Nazareth, and was
when M oses, long after, prepared for subject unto them."
the Exodus of Israel, he took care to   The place of Joseph's residence was
carry lp Joseph's body with them. Nazareth.  There he lived, and in all
After Moses died Joshua took charge probability died. It is lilkely he died
of the bones of Joseph, and when befbre Jesus commlenced his public
Canaan wais conquered the remnains of ministry, for lie is not mentioned in the
Joseph were buried in Shechem in a history given by the Evangelists of the
parcel of ground that Jacob bought work of Jesus, though Mary is often
of Iamor, vwhich ground  with its mentioned.  And when Jesus was dygrave yaid  camne  in possession of ing onl the cross, he conmmitted his
Josep'h's des-cendandts. Gen. xliii and mi-other to the care of the E3vangelist
1, inclusive.  Ex. xiii: 19; Joshua, John; and we can hardly suposoe he
xxiv: 32.                              would have done so if Joseph, hier husband had still been living. John, xix:
JOSEPH, 2 —-Increase, aclitiom.        25. We are infBormed by the Evan'elJosuPHI was the first born son of ist, Matt. i: 19, that Joseph was a just
Asaph, the great singer of Israel, in man, by which we may und erstnd he
the timie of David.  When the lots was a pious Jew that had been looking
were ca'st, and the singers were divided for the coming 3Mtessiah brc- a long time,
into twenty -our courses, the first lot and rejoiced in his appearance.
camne forteh to Joseph. 1st Chronicles,
xxv: 9.                                JOSEPHI-, 4-increUCs, ae dcin..
Josniti of Arii-mtaheat xas a Jewvish
JOSEPH, 3-J —ic rease, addigtio.       senator, who, while the othler imembers
of the S-ahed-in gave n  their co)nsean' to
JOSEPH was the husband of the the death of Christ, he cid not. He
virgin Mg1ary.  He was espoused to believed in the divine mnission of our
3 Cary at the time that the angel desig- Lord Jesus  hrlist, and was ca goo 00  and
nated  ler as the mother of the eoru- just man. John, xix: 3S; LukV, xxiii:
ing'lessiah. The angel of the Loid 50. He did no0t conselt, to Chlist's
appeared unto Joseph in a dreuam aund condemnation or cruci-ixion, but syminb-ormned him  that his espoused wile pathized with hiiI and his scattered
would ishortly be the miother of a son, disciples.  After the death of oJesus 1 e
and that son should be the world's vwent to Pilate, the Roman governor,
redeemer;  the angel encouraged him  and begged the body. Eis requestv was
to consurnlea aft once the marriage granted, and he took the body  iowrn
contract.  1 e was infsormued that the t-oent the cross, antld wnit    thc help of
1name  of Mtary',s son should be Jesus,    icodemus tand others prepared it for
"c'1o  he s hal save his people from  burial.  John, xix: 39, 40.  They
theisr  n.i."  Joseplh as a revadle o-f wapped the body in clean linen and
tlhr Je-Jwish scriptur    ware s w    famLiliar laid it inl Joseph's tomb —   a new
With the prOph3 lecy ian sica, vlli 14. tomb  hewn out of the solid rock."  In'ehol d a virgicu  s1hall conceive and this circurnstance we obserowe the propnhbear a son and  they shiall call his ecy  lfiiled: "He imTcade his grave
nalie Immanuiiueln which, being inter- with the wicked and with the rich in
preed is G-od with  us.  And from lhis death."   He probably  openly
what the angel lad just  announced to avowed lhis faith in Jesus, and after
him, he Lnew tltha t-his prediction was the crucifixion identified himself with
to be fulfilled in the coming son of the disciples, and no more attended the
3Mc'aivy.  Miatt. i: 21, 2..         Sanhedrim, or Jewish high council.
I-1e avs the son of Jacob and the
grandson of 3iathan, a descendant of JOSEPH, 5 —increase. adcdition.
David and Abralama.  NMatt. i: 15, 16.   JosEP  or JOSES, was the brother of
-li.S OCcupation was that of a czarupenter, James the Less, and the son of CeoM3att. xiii: 55. And it is likely that our pas. He was the kinsman of our Lord,
Lorid Trtlought at the same trade previ- In Matt. xiii: 55, he, with James, and
out to his chainIng  upon tae work of Simon, and Judas, is called the brother
the minist-y;  aAnd this may be what is of our Lord.  Thile term  is prohably
referred to in Luke, ii: 51  "Hle went. used to denote near relative.  He is




JOS                [282]                JOS
supposed to be the same with Barsa-   After this victory God directed that
bas, one of the seventy disciples, and a recocl schould be made of it, and
the defeated candidate for the apostle- thiat in the ears of Joshua, who had
ship when lMatthias was selected. gained the vrctory, it should be reActs, i: 21-26.  [See Barsabas.]     hcamsed, that the very remembrance
of Amalek should be utterly put out
JOSIIBEKASTIAH-[Josh-bek'-a- -froml  under  -eaven.  Probably the
shah.]                           reason why th;s rehearsal was to be
He was one of the sons of 1Helemn, nmade to J3oshua, was this:  God had
and when the lots were cast' and the deteniuned that he should be the
singers were divided into twenty-four suecessor of Moses.
courses, the seventeenth lot caime to   Joshua had close acqua-intance with
him.  1st Chron. xxv: 24.           the leader of Israel, and was on terms
of the greates t intimacy with him.
JOSUJA, 1 —[Josh-u-a,] the Lord, WThen MToses ascended AIt. Sinai to
the Savc~ior.                   rieeeive the revel tions that were rmade
there, Joshua ascended with him;
JOsMUcTA-, the son of Nun, was prob- anid though he did not go up into the
ably one of the elders called together midst  of' the cloud that capped the
by Moses and Aaron when they camee mountain;, yet he went up to the highinto the land of Egyqpt to dernard -iof et stalon under it,. And there, just
Pharaoh thie freedomn of their pcople. under the foidings of the cloud, anmid
It is quite probable he heard thce the lmaijestic thuncder and the terrifie
words of Aaron declaring the di-';ie 11Zghtnings, he waited for forty days
determination that their b o n d a g e  ro the reiurn o- Nloses.
should endc.  lH3e saw  the mirlve-0es    Joshuai a'pprars to rank  next to
wrought- attesting the truthi  of the iMoses himnzself in the manifestations
nission of Moses and Aaron, and was lade of divine power and glory at
fully satisfied that they were ap- Sinai, for the seventy elders, with
pointed of God.                      Aaron, Nadab, and Abihu, tarried at
After the visitation of God's wrs ath  a station on the mlountain lower down
upon Egypt, in the plagues, and the than Joshua.
preparation of Israel for their exo-   I-e was filled with the spirit of wisdlus, Joshua was appointed as the dom and so qualidied for the arduous
captain of the armny of Israel, which and responsible station of governor of
was a high and important position. Israel.
ancd tells us plainly that he was a   Afier Blnses died, Joshua was difavorite wi th God and greatly es-  D nely a ppointed to this important work,
teemed by Moses and Aaron.           and exhibited a piety, and courage and
The first tile the name is men- iltegrity, throughout his whole life,
tioned is after the Red Sea had been that was truly commendable. There
crossed and come travel had been per- are incidents in his history w o r t h y of
formed in the desert. The Israelites record. H-Ie was one of the spies sehad comie to Rephidim, and aftfer being lected by BMoses to explore the promised
encamped there awhile, the Amalek- land. Numn. xiii: 16. All the spies,
ites made war upon them. The man- save Joshua and Caleb, brought back
ner in which they made the attack an unftLvorable report, and as a punishwas mean and dastardly. They came ment they w c r e not permitted to go
in unawares upon the rear of Israel. over Jordan, but died in the wilderness.
Instead of inviting them to a battle, Indeed Joshua a nd Caleb were the
or challenging them to a contest, they only in e n that left, Egypt, that secured
treacherously attacked them  w i e n an inheritance in person, in the promfaint and weary with the fatigues of ised land.
travel, and cut off the feeble ones   In accordance with the appointment
that they might, procure the baggage of God, Joshua succeeded Moses as the
under their charge as spoils. DMoses leader of Israel. Numbers xxvii: 18.
colnmmanded Joshua to fight with Am- "And the Lord said unto Moses, take
alek, and he did, " discomfiting Ama- thou Joshua, the son of Nun, a man in
lek with the edge of the sword." Ex. whom is the spirit, and lay thy hand
xvii: 13.                            upon him; and give h i m  a charge in




JOS                 [2831               Jos
their sight."  And Maoses did as the which, as a successful general, he h a d
Lord commanded him.                   given to his country.
Joshua led the children of Israel   His work being d o n e, he delivered
across the Jordan and b e g a n the con- his valedictory, in which lhe refers them
quest of the land by taking Jericho. to the gracious dealings of God with
As one of the spies he had entered into them,n fIrom  the days of their father,
an engagement with Rahab, the harlot, Abraham. I-e earnestly exhorted them
and being satisfied as he took the city, to abolish idolatry in all its forms, a n d
that she had kept her vows to keep the tells thebm of his own a n d his family's
approach of Israel secret from the peo- resolution. Josh. xxiv: 14-25.
pie, he fulfilled his part of the eng-age-   He died, being one hundred and ten
ment, and he did it faithfully.  "He y e a r s old, and his body was buried in
saved RIahab, the harlot, alive."  He his own inheritance, while the immortal
acknowledged the obligations the Isra- man ascended to the association again
elites were under to her, and tendered of Moses, Israel's former leader and
her, in t he name of Israel, sincere law-giver.
thanks, and moreover, he rewarded her
by giving her and her kindred, citizen- JOSHUA, 2-[Josh'ua,] the Lord,
ship and a p o r t i o n among them.      the Sctvior.
Josh. ii.                               JosIuA was the son of Josedech,
Joshua continued to lead I s r a e I He was the high priest of the Jews,
against the nations inhabiting the land when they' returned from B ab yl o n,
of Canaan, until they were all con- the land of their captivity.  Haggai
quered and the land divided among i: 1-2, and Ezra, iii: S. TI the former
them, as the lot of t h e i r inheritance. passage, he is associatecl with ZerubI-e did not retire froml active labor and babel in hearing the word of the Lord
peril, until t h e work was all done, and by the mouth of the prophet Haggyai,
the dangers all passed.  H-le did not re- which was a colmmand to rebuild the
sign his office until the last battle for sacred temple, and encouragement in
the conquest of the country was fought. the work; and in the latter passage,
And whien he did retire, he retired la- he is represented as engaged in the
den with well-earned laure.ls.  HIe work with his associates, and in enwas the general when they fought their couraging the people.
first battle with Amlalek, and was the   In Zechariah iii, and vi, Joshua is
first on the battle-field.  He-I continued represented as standing b e fo r e the
in command until th e last battle was Lord in filthy garments, and S atan
over in the campaign, and he was the standing at his right hand to resist
last to leave the fieldcl.            him  and accuse hilm.  The Lord is.
He was greatly honored of God, in represented as rebuking Satan, and
that an angel, styling himself the cap- arraying Joshua in pure raiment, and
tain of the Lord's host, came to h i nm, not long after that, the prophet was
and conversed with him, encouraging directed to make a golden crown and
him in his work, as he was before Jeri- set it upon the head of Joshua, the
cho, and preparing to t a k e the city. high priest, and thereby make him a
Joshua, v: 14. It in ay have been the type of the glorious Messiah.
same angel that appeared to Moses at
the base of Horeb, for the language he JOSIAH-[Jo-si'-ah,] the fire of the
uses, is very much t h e same as that    -Lord.
used when Moses w as commissioned.   JosIAu was the son of Amon, and a
Josh. v: 15.  "Loose thy shoe from  king of Judah.  He was very young
off thy foot, for the place whereon thou when he succeeded his father to the
standest is holy."                    throne, but eight years of age. 2d
Joshua received from the children of Kings, xxii: 1, and 2d Chron. xxxiv: 1.
Israel, as their leader, an inheritance, While he was yet a child he began to
after he had made a division of the be noted for his piety, and his zeal for
conquered land. Josh. xix: 49. This the Lord  God of Israel.  At eight
inheritance consisted of Timnath-serah, years of age he began to seek after the
in Mount Ephraim, where he built a God of David his father, and in his
city and dwelt. It was comparatively twelfth year he began to purge Judahl
little earthly reward for t h e services, and Jerusalem. Idolatry was practiced




JOs                 [284]                JOT
a     on g theml, and Josiah set himself to find Josiah comnpleted his work of rework  destroying the idols. Hle cut formation.  He destroyed the sooth-,down the groves, and broke down the sayers and Sodomites out of the lancld,;altars after he hlad burned the bones of and pulled down all of' the remiaining
the deceased priests on them, and so he idols.  I-He filled the valley of Jhinnoim
cleansed Judah  and Jerusalem.  2d  with dead mlen's bones, and broke down
Chron. xxxiv: 5, 6. lie also extended the last statue of idolatry there, and
his reformation over the ten tribes, and nearly all his subjects turned or prodestroyed  all their idols and idol- fessecd to turn unto the Lord.
temples, and broke up their system of   After Josiah had reigned thirty-one
idol worslhin). IIe demolished the altar years, his kingdom was invaded by the
of Bethel after he had burned dead King of Egypt, and he levied a large
men's bones on it.  He repai-ed the army and led them in person to battle
temple of the Lord, employing many to stop the invaders, and while engaged
workmen, and unsing much material, in tle battle in the valley of MIlegiddo,
and expendling much money.             the archers shot at him and wounded
Wbhile H-ilkialh the high priest was him mortally. As soon as he received
eng'aged in repairing the temile, he the wound, he reported it to his serGfound a copy of the  aws of Moses,   vants, a:d they placed him in another
whichm is supposed to have been the chariot, and took him  to Jerusalem,
soriginal one put b1,y Moses in the sides whele he  died, and they buried him
of thle ark. IS o hazan the scribe in- with great mourning in a royal sepulformed Josialh of this manuscript. lHe chel, and the people made Jehoahaz,
had it brounght to him, and a part of it his son, linp in his stead.  2cl Chronread in his learinlg.  The contents of xxxv, anm 2d Kings xxiii.
it afifected him grcatly,1 for he ferted,   Josiah was 1nmucl loved by the peoas the laws it contained had been wick- ple andl the laml'entation of Jeremliah
cedly brolken, that fearful judgments over his death nas joiaed in by the
would fall upon the people.  1Beinag army, and especially the singing men
deeply affected with what be considerecl  and the singing womnen, and the prophet
was the peril of his people, he sent a established  an annual lamentation for
deputation, hecaded by Hilkiah tlhe Josiah.
high priest, to thle prophetess Huldah,
Nwho was the wife of ShalluL, the J O T H A -I, 1 -[Jo/-tham,] peafeckeeper of the royal wardrobe.  Huldah     otio of t7e Lord.
received the deputation, and read the   JOTIrTAir was the youngest son of
book, then assured them that what was Gideon.  When Gideon died, Albimethreatened in that book should come lech who was an illegitiaatte son, beto pass, but yet not in the days of ing the son of the concubine in SheKin, Josiah.  The stroke should be chem —— asurpecd authority, and rising
delayed on account of the piety of the up slew all the sons of Gideon except
king, and his great grief at the wicked- Jot1ham, who fled for his life after
ness of the people.                   hiding himself during the slacughter
Josiah was born and attained thle of his brethren.  Sometine after
Kingldom of Judah, as we have seen in Abimeleeh had been made king by
an age of idolatry, and we may reasona- the men of Shechem, Jotham  showed
bly suppose he was unacquainted with himself to them  and charged upon
many important things written in the theim  their cruelty and injustice, in
laws of Moses. From the reading of countenaneing the m u r d e r of his
the newly fouMnd copy of the laws, he brethren, and placing Abimelech over
discovered that the three great solemnin them  as their king.  1He addresses
feasts of the Jews had been neglected, them  by a parable whieh, it may be
and he ordered his subjects at once to remzarked, is the oldest parable on
make preparations for celebrating the record.  [By this he intimated to the
feast of the passover.   2d Chron. people that while his father and wo1'xxxv: 1.   They killed the passover thy brethren refused  to  reign over
on the fourteenth  day of the first Israel, they had made tho worst and
month, and he caused his subjects to basest of his father's children their
renew their solemn covenant with God. king, and that they might expect to
In the account given of this feast we suffer for i:  After he had finished




JOT                 [28'5               JUD
his parable he left the top of the JOZABAD, 3.
hill where he delivered it, and fled to   Was a Levite in the reign of JoBeer, lest Abinmelech should kill him  siah. 2d Chronicles xxxv: 9.
as he did his brothers.  Judges, ix:
1, 21. The imprecations he uttered JOZABAD, 4.
against the men of Shechem, and   Was a Levite who returned with
against Ahimelech were fulfilled.    Ezra from Babylon, and like others,
had nmarried a foreign wife, and was
J 0 T HI A M    2- Perfection of the compelled to put her away. Ez. x:
Lord.                            22. lie is probably the same that is
referred to in Neh. viii: 7, who preJoTHA~ was a king of Judah, the sided over the outer w o r k of the:
son and successor of Uzziah or Az- temple.
ariah.  We learn from  2d Kings, xv:
5, and 2d Chron, xxvi: 19, etc., that.JO *ZACIAR-[Joz'a-kar.
when Uzziah became a leper, Jotham   Was the son of Shimeath, and was
or Joathaum, became the acting ruler one of the murderers of king Joash, in
for his father, he being confined as a the house 0of M3illo. 2d TKings xii; 21.
leper in a separate hlouse. It is said
Jothain " was over the house judging JUBAL —[Ju'bal,] he that rzCs, he
the people of the land." VWhen the       that proczduces, ca tr'ulpet.
leper king died, Jothanm was crowned,
and so became the sole governor, after   JUBAL was the son of Lanech, and
ruling several years as his father's A d a  h, his w i fe, and le was the
viceroy.                             brother of Jabal. Hie is fercired to
1-Ie was twenty-five years of age.in CGen. iv: 21, as "tfle fi-hCer of all
when he began to reign. As a kiing Suchl as handle thle hIrp andt organl."
he was nuch better than many that By this me underst ai,  that he was thce
had reigned before him, but yet he inventor of musical instU' tnents, —f
permitted the people to sacrifice in all string and wind instrumreats-andc
high places. JothaLm did many things in all probabilit he was a teacher in
that were pleasing to the Lordl.  le the use of instruments in tLat early
built the great gate of the temple, or age when the science was in its infancy.
house of the Lordc.. He fortified the
walls of Jerusalem, and built cities JUDAIH- [J:    l ah,] the prtieicne of the
and castles, and towers on the moun-     L ord.
tains of Judah, and in the forests.   JUDAH was the fourtl son of Jacobi
I e fought with the king of the Am- by Leah;  and in the record of his-'morites and prevailed against them, so birth we hbave the reason given for his
that they were tributary to him, and namle Judah. His mnother said, "Now
paid himu large sunms for at least three will 1 praise the Lord."  Gen. xxix:
years. During the latter part of his 35.
reign his kingdom  was invaded by   Whlen Joseph was sent by his father
Rezin, the king of Syria, and Pekah, in search of his brethren, and he found
the king of Israel. He seems to have them, at first they conspired against
died a natural death after a reign of him to slay him, but.Reuben interllbred,
sixteen years, and was succeeded by and they cast Joseph into a pit to die.
Ahaz his son. 2d Chron. xxvii: 1, 9. Judah proposed that they should take
hi1 up out of the pit and sell him to
JOZABAD, 1-[Joz'a-bad.]l              Midianitish mnerchantmen, in preference to being guilty of his blood; and'Was a captain of a large number of they did so, all joining in the sale exthe Manassites who deserted Saul's cept Reuben, the elder. Gen. xxxvii:
armly before the it. G-ilboa battle, 26, 27
and went over to David. 1st Chron-   When Judah was a young man he
idles xii: 20.                       contracted a familiarity with Hirah,
the Adullamite, and this friendslhip led
JOZABAD, 2..him to form an intimacy with Shuahb
Was a Levite in the reign of li-eze- a Canaanite,. which resulted in markiah. 2d Chronicles xxxi: 13.        riage. Shuah bare him three sons, Er,




JUD                [2861               JUD
Onan, and Shelah. When the eldest that should fall to him should abound
of these three sons was yet quite young with vines. Gen. xlix: 8-12.
Judah married him to Tamar, a woman   The three sons of Judah, viz: Sheof Canaan; but the young man com- lab, by his Canaanite wife, and Zamitted sin, and the Lord destroyed his rah and Pharez, by his daughter-inlife. Judah then gave the widow the law, became the heads of numerous
next eldest son for a husband, bub he families forming the tribe of Judah.
sinned as did his brother, and the Lord When they went out of Egypt, their
slew him also. Judah then gave her fighting men amounted to s e v e n tythe promise of Shelah for a husband four thousand six hundred, with Nawhen he should have attained a proper shon, the son of Amninadab, as their
age; but his daughter-in-law was filled head. They increased n ea r I y two
with disgust because that Judcah did thousand in the wilderness, and Caleb
not fulfill his promise, and she laid a the son of Jephunneh, was their spy
snare successfully to entrap him. I-Iear- sent to search out the land, who with
ing that Judah was to pass along a cer- Joshua brought back a favorable retain way to his sheep-shearing, she laid port. And they marched in the first
off the garments of her widowhood and division of the grand army in the wilattired herself as a harlot by the way- derness. Num. i, xiii, xxvi.
side.  I-ie was caught in the snare, and   The tribe of Judah were very active
left with her his staff and bracelet as a and energetic, and successful, in ex-;pledge that he would furnish her a kid. peolling the Canaanites from their land,
But when he sent the kid to redeem  and especially from that part of the
his staff and bracelet, the harlot was territory apportioned to their tribe.
gone and could not be found.        When a judge was selected by them
It was not long after this until Tamar to rule among them, and deliver them
was reported to Judah as having played from their enemies, Othniel, of the
the harlot, and as being with child. tribe of Judah, was the one. He was
EHe immediately gave orders that she their first judge and deliverer. Judg.
be put to death.  She then exhib- iii. Of this tribe, in the time of king
ited the bracelets and the staff that Saul, the first king of Israel, we learn
had been left by Judah, and thereby it was extensive, for when king Saul
brought his own sin to his remembrance warred with Nahash, the king of the
as well as the wrong done her in failing Ammonites, there were thirty thouto give her Shelah as a husband. sand of the tribe of Judah with him.
Tamar bare him two sons, Pharez and 1st Sam. xi: 8. And so when Saul
Zarah. Gen. xxxviii.                went to war with Amalek, there were
When Jacob sent his sons down to ten thousand men of Judah with him.
Egypt the second time to buy corn, and   After Saul, David was king, and he
reluctantly sent Benjamin with them, was of this tribe as were many of his
Judah entered into the most solemn successors.  The revolt of the ten
engagement with his father to return tribes from  Rehoboam, under JeroBenjamin to him safe. And when it beam, led to the establishment of the
appeared that Benjamin would be de- kingdom of Judah, of whielh Jerusatained in Egypt, he plead with the leon was the capital, and David's poslord of the land  in behalf of his terity the kings. The government of
younger brother, and he offered him- Judah remained until the Messiah
self as a slave instead of Benjamin, appeared in accordance with the prewho was charged with stealing the sil- diction, " The sceptre shall not depart
ver cup. HIis pleadings were so affect- from  Judah, nor a lawgiver fr o m
ing that they melted the heart of Jo- between his feet, until Shiloh come."
seph, and he could no longer refrain
from making himself known unto his JUDAS, 1.-[Ju"-das,] the praise of
brethren. Gen. xliv.                    the Lord.
Just before Jacob died, he predicted   JUDAS, or JuDE, was the same as
the superiority of Judah over his breth- Thaddeus or Lebbeus.  He was the
ren, and declared that from him should son of Mary, the wife of Cleopas,
come the Messiah, and that the kings hence the brother of James the less,
should descend from him, and that the and the cousin of our Lord. Acts i:
apportionment of the land of promise 13. Hie was one of our Lord's apos



JUJD               [287J               JUD
ties.  Iatt. x: 3; Mark iii: 18; Luke that one of them  would betray him.
vi: 16. When Jesus instituted the last John, who was on terms of very great
supper, this apostle asked him. the sig- intimacy with Jesus, asked himn who it
nificant question, John xiv: 22, "Lord, was that should betray him, and Jesus
how is it that thou wilt manifest thy- told him, so that all the apostles at
self, unto us, and not unto the world?" once learned that Judas was a traitor.
Jesus answered and said unto him, "If Hie became, it is likely, enraged at bea man love me he will keep my words, ing thus designated, and went directly
and my father will love him, and we to those with whom ihe had miade the
will come unto him and make our abode contract, and they made arrangements
with him."  This apostle wrote the at once to go on the expedition of apEpistle of Jude, and it was probably prehending Jesus of Nazareth.  liHe
the last of the epistles written by the led them to the place where Jesus was
inspired apostles.                  -the garden of Gethsemane —and
there, with a hypocritical kiss and saluJUDAS, 2,                           tation, he gave the mob the signal
Or JUDAs ISCARrOT. He was one of whDom to apprehend.
our Savior's disciples, numbered with   No sooner had Judas Iscariot seen
the apostles. Hte was placed by the his master condemned by tihe Jewish
Savior in charge of the money and pro- council, than his conscience began to
visions that the company carried about trouble him, and the heinous wickedwith them.  -lHe was in good repute ness of his conduct in betraying innowith his brethren until Jesus was clos- cent blood loomed up before himl, he
ing up his ministry, when be turned knew not what to do. The money he
traitor and sold his Lord for thirty had secured by this  i'cked act was
pieces of silver. HIe heard the Sa- detested by him, and he took it back
vior's preaching and witnessed his mir- to those froml wvhom le had received
acles, and, for aught we know, him- it -confessed to them that he had beself preached and wrought miracles, as trayecl innocent blood, and would no
did the other apostles. We do not longer keep the money. They would
know that he was inferior, as a teacher, not receive it and place it in the
to any of them; but the fact seems to treasury because it was the price of
be exhibited, in the history given of blood.  They, therefore, acting as
Christ and his apostles, that there was agents for Judas to whom the money
some defect in his character.  We may belonged, bouglht the Potter's field to
judge he was covetous. He loved the bury strangers in, and while they were
world too much. When Miary anointed engaged in making this disposition of
the Savior's head with precious oint- the money Jcudas himself filled with
ment, in the house of Simon the leper, remorse went out and hanged himself.
there were several present that objected Matt. xxvii: 5.  The author of the
to it, and Judas Iscariot was among Acts of the Apostles says in i: 185.
them and urged objection. Christ re- " Now this man purchased a field with
buked him and commended the woman. the reward of iniquity, and falling
It is likely that Judas became angry at headlong he burst asunder in the
the master for justifying what he pro- midst, and all his bowels gushed out.
tended was a great waste, and deter- Some think that the rope with which
mined on revenge by betraying Jesus he hanged himself broke, or that the
into the hands of his enemies. It was branch of the tree, to which the rope
not long after this, when Judas found was tied, gave way, and he fell and his
the chief priests and elders, and agreed body burst asunder, and others think
to deliver him into their hands for that the word hanged might be renthirty pieces of silver, which is sup- dered "choked with grief," and that
posed to be less than seventeen dollars. in the extreme of his anger and agony
It was probably after he had made the he ethrew himself with such violence
agreement to deliver Jesus into the on the earth that he burst asunder
hands of his enemies, that he was and his bowels gushed out.
present with the disciples as the supper   After Judas had thus hanged himwas celebrated. For though his breth- self, his place was filled by the selecren did not know what he had done, tion of Mattlias to be numbered with
yet Jesus did, and he plainly told them  the apostles. Acts,, i: 26.




JUD                 [288]                  ED
JUDAS, 3 —The praise of the JLord. sons may be looked upon as having
JUDAS of Galilee.  -le is repre- been active and zealous in propagatsented as having been engaged in an ing the christian faith, and probably
insurrection, by Gamaliel the famous they were at one time, fellow prisoners
Jewish teacher, at whose feet Saul of with Paul. ilomans xvi: 7. He reTarsus was brought up.  Acts, xxii: members their virtues and holds them
3.  When the apostles were appre- in high esteem.  They were converted
hended  and  exarmined  before the to christianity before Paul was. They
council, this learned man gave very may have been joined to Christ under
pruden t advice to the council, in his ministry, if not converted on the
which he refers to Theudas and Ju- day of Pentecost.
das of Galilee. They both raised insurrection. Judas perished and those JUSTUS, 1 —[Jus'tus,] qpright.
wh1o were associated with him were   Was the surname of B a r s a    b a s.
destroyed or dispersed. The Jewish Acts i: 23. See Barsabas.
historian Josephus mentions this Judas of Galilee and his insurrection, JUSTUS, 2 — Upright.
and says that it was when Cyrenius   Was a pious man in whose honse
was governor of Syria. It is thought Paul preached at C o r i n t h. Acts
he based his insurrection on the sen- xviii: 7.
timnent that it was sinful for Jews to
obey a heathen ruler. Acts, v: 37.   JUSTUS, 3- Ur-ght.
Was also called Jesus, and was a
JULIA-[Ju'lia,] downy.               fellow laborer with Paul.  I-e was
Was a friend of the apostle Paul, to associated with Aristarehus and AIfarwhom he wrote a salutation in closing Ces, the' nephew of Barnabas.  They
up his epistle to the tRomans. Ro- were all of the circumcision, or formmans xvi: 15.                        erly Jews.  The apostle says of them
" they had been a comfort unto him."
JUL1US- [Ju'lius,] dozow2y.          Col. iv: 10-11.
JuLius was the centurion of Augustus' band, and he had the apostle [  ADMIEL-[Kad'-miel,] God of
Paul committed to his care by Festus,  K   rising.
when sent as a prisoner to R o  me.   Was one of the Levites who with his
The account is given in Acts xxvii: 1. faimily returned from  Babylon  with
Julius treated the apostle k indly. Zerubbabel.  He is also called HodaAt Sidon as the ship in which they riah  or Hodaviah.   The house or
were sailing touched, or tarried for a family of this man was prominent.
little while, Julius permitted Paul to Ezra iii: 9, Neh. ix: 4 and x: (3.
go ashore, giving him  liberty to go
among the chlistians and refresh him- KALLAI-[Kal'-la-.i.
self.  And when afterwards in the'Was a priest in the days of Joiakim.
voyage, the vessel was wrecked at the I-He represented an extensive family.
island of Ielita,a and the s o l die r s Neh. xii: 20.
counseled together to kill the prisoner
lest he should escape, Julius kept KAREA H-[Ka-re'-ah.]
themn from it, and loosening Paul and IWas the  itther of "Johanan  and
the other prisoners, he commanded Jonathan who acknowledged the authose of them that could, to swim to thority of Gedaliah, and supported it
the shore, and those that could not and avenged his murder. Jer. xl:
to secure broken pieces of the wrecked 8-16, xli: 16 and xlii: 1-8.
ship, and they did, so that all of them
escaped to the land.                 KEDAR-[Ke'-dar,] blackness, sorJUNIA-[Ju'nia,] youth.                 KE DAR was a son of Ishmael and the
JUNIA was a christian saluted by' head of a numerous family, called t h e
the apostle as a kinsman and fellow  Kedarenes, who resided in Arabia.  He
prisoner. It has been tho ught by was the second son of Ishmael.  Gen.
some that Junia was a woman and the xxv: 13. Like nearly all the Ishmaelwif-e of Andronicus. These two per- ites, t lie Kedarenes dwelt in tents,




KED                 [289]               KET
though sometimes they were collected dukes of Edom referred to in Genesis,
together in villages, and David refers to xxxvi: 15.
one of these collections o f them, when
he says in Psalms, cxx: 5, " I dwell in KENAZ, 2.-lhis nest, lamentation,
the tents of Kedar." He sought refuge    possession.
lamnong them when his life was hunted by   KENAZ was the father of Othniel,
Saul. Their greatness and wealth con- and t h e younger brother of Caleb..
sisted chiefly in flocks and herds, and Joshua, xv: 17, and Judges. i: 13,
Isa. refers to it in xxi: 16, and lx: 7.
The children of Kedar traded with the K E    ER  N-HA A P P UC H —[Ker'-en->
ancient Tyrians, in sheep and goats, as   HlEap'-puch,] the horn or child of
we learn from  Ezek. xxvii: 21. The       beauty.
prophet Jeremiah predicted their con-   She was one of the three daughters
quest by the Chaldeans. It is declared of Job, born unto hini in his old age,
that Nebuchadnezzar shall smiite Ke- and, with her sisters, -more handsome
dar, their tents and their flocks shall be than all the other women of the land.
taken away. Jer. xlix: 28. And when Job, xlii: 14, 15.
the prophet Isaiah is prophesying regarding the kingdom  of Christ, and KETIURAH-[Ke-tu'-rah,] he that7
the ingathering of the Gentile nations    burns, or mnakes the incense to
to him, he says in Isa. lx: 7, "All the  fmnze, odoriferous.
flocks of Kedar shall be gathered to-   KETURAHI was the name of a wife
gether unto thee, the rams of Neba- of Abraham. Gen. xxv: 1: "Then
ioth shall minister unto thee; they shall again Abraham  took a wife, and her
come up with acceptance on mine altar, name was Keturah."  When the paand I will glorify the house of my glory." triarch married this woman, we are
not informed. It was, in all probaKEDEMiAH-[Ked'e-mah,] oriental. bility, in the life-time of Sarah, the
motheer of the child of promise. Some
K EDEMAFI  was the youngest son of have thought Keturah the same perIshminel. Gen. xxv: 15. Like others son as Hagar, who was given to Abraof the the posterity of Ishmael, the ha-m as a wife; but this is not at all
children of Kedmcah roved about. It likely, since the two second wives of
is supposed that their territory was the patriarch are so distinguished in
mainly eastward of Gilead, and that their history and in their descendcants,
they gave the name of Kedemoth to a  IHagar's son being the head of the
city near the river Ameon, referred to in powerful nation of Ishmaelites, while
Josh. xiii: 18, and xxi: 37.         the sons of KPeturah were tihe heads
of powerful tribes. The first of AbraKEMUEL, 1-[Kem/-u-el,j God is ham's second wives is mentioned as
risen.                           the mother of the one son, Ishmael,
KEMiUEL was the third son of Nahor. who, though d i s i n h-e r i t e d by his
He is supposed by some to have b e e n fa t h e r and sent away from home
the father of t he Kamelites, who, it is when a boy, was present whenl Abrathought, dwelt on the east of Syria, ham died, and assisted Isaac, his halfand a little westward of the r i v e r Eu- brother, in butrying him —while Kephrates.                             turah's sons were six in number.
These sons were sent away before~
IKEIJUEL, 2.- God is risem.          Abraham  died, with their father's
KEAMUEL was the name of a p r i n c e blessing. Geen. xxv: 6: " But unto.
belonging to the tribe of Ephraim. the so ns of the concubines, which
HIe is referred to in Num. xxxiv: 24, Abrahan  had, Abrahaml  gave gifts
fron which passage we discover, t ha t and sent theim away from  Isaac, his
he was the representative of his trib e  son, (while he yet lived,) eastward
in dividing the land of Canaan.      into the east country."  The object
Abraham had in view was to avoid.
KENAZ, 1 —[Ke-naz,] this nest, la- any disputes among them as to inhermentation,, possessionz.         itanee after he, their father, was dead.
KENAZ was the fourth son of Eli- He intended, because he knew it was'
phaz, the son of Esan, and one of t h e the divine purpose, that the descend19




KET                f2901               KOR
ants of Isaac should settle in the land  KOIOATH —[Ko'-hath,] congregation,
of promise. IHe therefore sent them      obedience, to nccake blunt.
" eastward into the east country " to   KOIAuTH was the second son of Levi,
procure them habitations and inherit- hence the grandson of the patriarch
ance, so that they would have no Jacob, Gen. xlvi: 11, and from  him
occasion to dispute with Isaac the were descended the extensive family of
settlement of the land of Canaan.    the Kohathites.  He was the father of
Keturall may have become the wife Aramnl and the grandclfater of Moses,
of Abraham  shortly after Isaac was Aaron and  Miriam    The  Hebrew
born, or about the time that i:agar, priests, who were the  children  of
with her son Ishmael, was sent away, Aaron, sprung from Kohath.  Ex. vi.
and these sons of hers were born unto It seems that the family of the Kohim when he was a very aiged mlan.    hathites numbered eight thousand six
hundred males at their departure from
K E Z I A -  [ke-zy'-ah,j  superfices, the land of Egypt. Num. iii: 28. There
angle, cass'ia.                  were two thousand seven hundred and
Was a daughter of Job, born unto fifty of them that were fit for service,
him after his afflictions were passed. and they were under the charge of
She joined with her sisters in making Elizaphan, the son of Uzziel.  Num.
the evening of her father's life pleasantL  iv: 36. They pitched their tents on
Job xlii: 14, 15.                    the south side of the tabernacle, and in
the marches they were immediately beKISTI, 1 —ard, dlfficuzt, straw..    hind the tribe of Reuben. They were
Was the son of Abiel.. lie was of the bearers of the ark and other of the
the tribe of Benjamin and a man of sacred things connected with the tabergreat wealth or substance. IHe was the nacle. Num. x: 21.
father of Saul the first King of Israel.   They had their apportionmlent of
1st Sam. ix. Some of the asses of cities made them, in the land of CaKish were lost andclhe sent Saul his son, h naan.. The number and names of the
-with one of the servants to search for cities are given in Joshua xxi: 20-26.
them, and it was while Saul was search-   The names of the chief men of the
ing for them, that the prophet Samuel, Kohathites, in the time of David and
of whom lie went to enquire anointed Solomon, are given in 1st Chron. xxiii:
him king.                            12-20.  There were four of themShebuel, RLehabiah, Jesiah and Micah.
KTSII, 2-Hard, dif2icult, straw.     The first two men were descendants of
Was the third son of Gibeon, and is Mboses, and had the charge of the sa-referred to in 1st Chron. viii: 30.  cred treasures.  1st Chron. xxvi: 24
-25.
1SH, 3 —cHard, difficult stratw
Was the second son of lahli, and KOLAIAH —[Kol-a-i'-ah.]
he was a Levite. Eleazar his brother   Was the father of Ahab, the false
died having no sons, and the sons of prophet who, in company with ZedeKish took the sons of Mushi, their kiah, the son of Maaseiah, prophesied
father's uncle, and placed them  in a lie; and were slain by Nebuchadoffices that would have been filled by nezzar, the king of Babylon. Jere-:sons of Eleazar, had sons been born niah, xxix: 21.
urto him. 1st Chron. xxiii: 21, &e.
KORAIH, 1-[Kofrah,] bald, frozenz.
KISH, 4 —Hard, diffcult, straw.        Was the son of Esau, by his wife
WVTas the son of Abdi and is referred Aholibamah.  He seems to have been
to in 2d Chron. xxix: 12. H-e was a the third son. Gen. xxxvi: 14, and
descendant of Merari the brother of he has the rank of a duke of Esau or
Miahli and Mushi. 1st Chron. xxiii: 21. a prince and governor.
KITTIM —[Kit'-tim,] they that bruise, KORAH, 2-Bald, frozen.
gold, coloring.                    KORAH was the son of Izhar, and
Was one of the sons of Javan, and the great-grandson of Levi, hence he
the grandson of Japheth, and is re- sustained the relation of a cousin to
ferred to in Gen. x: 4.              M o s e s and Aaron.  I-e was the




ROR                 [291]               LAB
father of Assir, Elkanah and Abia- the Psalms were delivered to the sons
saph. Ex. vi: 21. He was associated or descendants of the sons of Korah
with Dathan and Abiram, in envying for the purpose of being set to music.:Moses and Aaron, and sp e a k ing  In the account of the Levites and
against them. We have an account their families in 1st Chron. vi, several
of their rebellion in Num. xvi, in or the sons of Korah are referred to
which two hundred and fifty princes as musicians, and in 1st Chron. xxvi,
were gathered with them against the some of them  are represented  as
leaders of Israel.  Korah seems to be porters to the temple.
leader, as his name occurs first in the
trio, and Moses speaks unto Korah and KUSHAIAHll- [Kush-a'-iah.]
the company with him. He is recog-   Kusu-IAriX was the father of Ethan,
nized at the head of the mutiny. He who was of the family of Merari, and
haughtily upbraided Moses and Aaron who was one of the singers engaged in,for taking too much authority and mak- the solemn service of removing the ark
ing themselves too prominent in the to Jerusalem and placing it in the tent
camp.                                 which IDavid had prepared fbr it.  1st
Moses meekly replied that it wasvery Chron. xv: 17.
wicked in them thus to find fault with
the arrangement of the Almighty, and  -AADAN-[La-a'-dan.]
he assured them that the Lord would L Was a Gershonite, who was conshow them the next day who were pro- nected with the sacred offices in the
per persons to officiate in the priesthood. time of David. HIe was among those
He bade Korah and his comlpany come who were gathered together of the
up with their censers prepared with in- princes of Israel, with the priests and
cense, and have the matter about which Levites. I-Ie was:affected by the apthey complained tested. They accord- pointrent of David of the priests (and
ingly did so, and Korah, Dathan and Levites to serve in the sacred offices.
Abiram  brought up together a large 1st Chron. xxiii: 8.
number of them, and induced them to
rail on Moses and Aaron. They prob- LABAN-[La/ban,] white, shining;,ably suggested to the people that God    gentde.
was about to accept their incense, and   LABAN was the son of Bethuel and
they wished to hlave a large number the brother of-lebekah; hencehe was
present to witnessthe acceptance. God the uncle of Jacob. He is brought
appeared among the people and the-cloud to our notice in connection with the
of his glory overshadowed the taber- reception of Eliezerat Nahor. Abranacle. The anger,of God towards the hallm had sent this faithful servant in
mutineers was exhibited as he ordered search of a wife for his son Isaac;
Moses and Aaron to separate themselves and, as he tarried at a well near the
from them that he might destroy them. city, Rebekah, who had come to the
They begged that he would not destroy well to draw water, entered into conthe whole congregation for the sin of a verse with him.  She kindly drew
few, and their prayer was heard, and water and gave him  to drink; then
their request granted. They then un- watered his thirsty camnels, received
der the divine direction,.ordered the presents at his hand, and ran home to
congregation to get away quickly from  give report of the stranger to h e r
the tents of these wicked men. They father's family. Laban immediately
all left them except the two hundred ran out to the man at the well and
and fifty men that offered incense with cordially invited him to the family cirKorah. The earth opened its mouth cle. Laban took care of, and gave
and swallowed up the three guilty food to the camels, and brought water
leaders with their tents and families, to wash the feet of Eliezer and the
unless it be that somne of the sons of men that were with him. Gen. xxiv:
Korah who were -not with their father' 29, &c. And when the stranger made
in the rebellion were saved. Num. xvi:: known his errand, and gave the family
^32. After theywere thus destroyed, fire of Bethuel the reasons that he had for
fromn God consumed the two hundred and believing that the Lord had prospered
fifty men also. Num. xvi and xxvi: him, and that it was the divine purpose
9-11. It is supposed that several of that Rebekah should become the wife




LAB                 [292.]              LAM
of his master's son, Laban accededed and Jacb called it Galeed which sigwithout hesitancy to the proposal.   nifies " the heap of witnesses. 
When Jacob'left home with  the   They stayed together in the mount:
blessing of his father and his mother.-all day,. offered sacriflce unto God, and
upon him,. in search of a wife, he went did eat bread together. Early the next
to Padan-aram; to the house of Bethuel, morning  they parted  in friendship.and took a wife from  the family of Laban kissed his sons and his daughters,.
Laban his mother's brother. HIe met blessed them and returned to his home.
lRachel hi sfirst choice. at the well near Gen. xxxi.
the city, and made himself known to
her.  She ranand told her-father, and LAEL-LLa'el.] to- God, to th7e Alhe caime out and gave him a friendly      mighty. 
reception, and afterwards he agreed to   Was the fati-erof Eliasaph, and was:
give Jacob his daughter to wife in lieu the chief of the GOershonites, who had
of seven years labor., The labor was a very important work assigned them,,
performed on the part of Jacob and le viz.: the charge of the tabernacle and
claimed, at Laban's hancd the reward. its sacred fixtures. Num. iii: 23-27.
The marriage was arranged for, but
Laban deceived Jacob by substituting LAHMI - [Lahnmi,] may bread,  my
Leah for Rachel, and then. defended       zcar,
himself by the custom  of that land   Was the brother of Goliath, the Gitwhich was to marry the elder before- the tite. He was slain by- Elhanan, theyounger..  I[e however in order to son of Jair,
pacify Jacob who had been deceived,
agreed at the end of the marriage feast LA:SH — [La/ishbJ, a lion,
to give him Rachel also as a wieb, if he   Was the father of Phalti, the man to
would serve seven other years, which he whotml ing Saul gave Michal, David's
did.  Laban then fixed upon other wife. This Laish was a resident of'
wages, and Jacob with.  is wives still -Gallima  Ist Sam. xxv:'44.
tarried in his emluloy.  Gen. xxix,
Several: times Laban chlanged the:wages L A   EI E C HI, 1. —[La/-mech,] poor.of Jacob, but still kept him  as the     mrade ozow, who is struck.
overseer of his flocks, until finally   LATEcnI was a descendant of Cain'
Jacob determined to leave him, and go by Mathusael, and' is referred to in
back. to his father's land. Ilqe made Gen. iv: 18. I-e is the first man whoo
known his determination to his wives, is reported to have married more than.
and they both acquiesced in his wishes,: one wife. H-Ic was the first who pracand agreed to go with their- husband. ticed poligamy.  The namies of his two'
Getting all things in readiness they left wives were Adah and Zillah.  By the"
while Laban, was absent from  home. former he had two sons, viz: Jabel and
As soon as he returned, and learned Jubal. Jabel, who, was the elder, was
that they had gone, he pursued after the inventor of tents, and roved about
them. and overtook them, after seven witl: herds of Cattle; He is called the,
days travel in TMrt. Gilead. HI-e charged father of such as dwell in tents, and of
Jacob with committing a great wrong such as have cattle, while Jubal, the
in stealing, away as he had done, bhut younger, was the inventor of musical
Jacob gave him the reason why lie had instruments, such: as harps and organs.
done so, viz:  "I was afraid  thou By the other wife, Lamech had a sol,
wouldst take thy daughters by force whom he called" Tubal-Cain, who was'
fiom  me."  LTban, had' been' favored the first worker' in metals.  lie had
with a vision froom the God of Jacob also a daughter whom he named Nan —
advising him to deal justly with Jacob, Imah.  Gen. iv: 22.
and he did so.. The difficulty between' There seemed to be no jealousy ex —
them was settled and they entered into a isting between the two wives of Lacovenant to cdo each other no harm and moech, the one toward the other. Theycontinue so far' as they had opportunity:had' the' regards of' each other, and
in friendly relations. They gathered alike the affection and esteeni of their'
together a heap of stones to be a stand- husband. One day Lamech approached
ing memorial of their covenant; Laban his wives, and' wlth- a solemn air told,
called the memorial Jegar-sahadutha, theni, he had slain- a young man. It is;




LAM                   293]                LAZ;supposed that they became  alarmedl her to serve alone; for while she was
lest the death should be avenged with engaged in the domestic affairs her sis-his destruction, and so they would be ter -vas iistening to his instructions and.left widows.  I-le quieted their f~ears by. receiving his admonitions and counsels.
telling them  that if Cain should be Jesus did not, as Martha hoped he
avenged s e ve n fold, surely Lamech would, send her away from him to as-;seventy and seven.fold.  If Cain, who sist her, but on the contrary, cornwas a cruel murderer of.his own brother, mended Mary and reproved her.
was not to be destroyed, surely he who   A  few nmonths before the Savior
hlad  slain a man unintentionally, or closed his ministry, Lazarus fell danpossibly in self-defhnse,'would not be gerously sick and died. As soon as the
-destroyed.                             sisters began to despair of their brother's recovery, they sent to Jesus, Who.1A M E C -H, 2 —La'-nmech,] poor, was then preaching -and teaching'bemazade claw, woho is struck.       yond Jordan, and informed him of the
Was the son of Methuselah, and isl sickness of Lazarus, and besought him
rebfrred to in Gen. v: 25.  HIe was the to come and -cure him.  It would seem
-father of Noah.  Though he did not friom the manner in which the case was.live to be as old as Methuselah  lis presented to Jesus, that he was espe-father, yet he lived to a good old age, cially attached to Lazarus: "Lord, befor he.was seTven hundred and seventy- hold — he whom  -thout lovest is sick."
seven years old when he died, which Jesus at once informed hisdisciples-that
was probably snot more than five years the sickness of Lazarus -wou-ld not sihut
before the food destroyed the inhab-  him up in the tomb, orin the state of the
itants of the old world. He was living  cead, but would result in a inanifestawhen Noah was engaged in priparing tion of' God's -power and glory.'He,the ark for tile safety of his family. thereby intimated, though the disciples
From the genealogy of Christ, as givenl' did not -understand it, tha-t Lazarus
by Luke, we fincd Lamech wa7s in the wo-uld be raised -fro   the dead.  tn
line from Adan.  Luke, iii:.36.       order to:make the miracle iiore noted,
he tarried, when -he was beyond Jor-.,APIDOTI- [Lrap'-i-doth,]  el,7ight- dan, two days. HI-e then intimated to
ened,.anip1s..his disciples his determination to go
LAPIDOTr-  was the -husband of the, into -Judea again.  They tried to disprophetess Deborah, -who-delivered her- suade -him because of the persecutions,people from the hand and power of Ja- he had met with when last there, but
bin, kingg of Canaan.  Jud. iv: 4.  -e l-he would not be turned from -his pur-,seems to have -had no hand in the pse.  H-e then told' his disciples that
affairs of the nation, as to administer- Lazarus was asleep in death, but he
i-g the laws or leading in the army, or was going to'Biethany to awake him
-even consulting regarding the move — out of sleep, or to raise himn fronm the
ments of the army with Deborah or dead.
]Barak, her general.                      It was the fourth day after Lazarus
died that-Jesus with his-disciples cam-e
LAZARUS, 1-[Laz'a-rus,     ] the he~lp  to Bethany; and being   the outlskirts
of God.                            of the town 3'artha,went -out and met
LAzARUs was the brother of IMarthba him, and poured the sorrows of her;and Mary, w-ho lived at. Bethany.  He soul out in his hearing, saying, " Lord,
was a disceiple of our Savior, and, with if thou hadst been here my brother -had
his sisters, was strongly attached to their not died."' Hle sympathized with her
Master.'Their'house was always open, and indicated his intention to raise him
f.or the reception of Jesus when at up from the dead. Mary afterwards cale
Bethany; and we may judge from the out and addressed him in the same lan_account given  of the Savior's visit, a.s' guage-us-ed by her sister, and the Jews
Tecorded in Luke, x: 38-42, that he that were friends of these bereaved siswas often with them anc enjoyed their ters also gathered about J'esus and exhospitality.  At this visit  Martha was pressed their feeling and  sympathy.
extremely anxious to give him a hand- The Master himself was greatly moved.
-some entertainnment, and complained to " He groaned in the spirit and was
11esus that Mary., her sister, had left troubled," an-d asked where the se-pul



LAZ                [294]               LEEA
cher of Lazarus was; and a.s they went of a future state, and of rewards and
to the grave be wept."               punishments.  HIe is represented as
When they reached the grave he being a very poor man, and with his
bade themn remove the stone from tlhe poverty sorely afflicted. He had no,
mouth of it.  M3artha at first ven- home or shelterof his own; no money
tured an objection, but Jesus an- or provision and very poor clothing,
swered her objection by referring her He had his position at the rich man's
to the conversation they had had gate, and begged the crumbs that fell
when she met him, regarding the res- tirom his table. His clothes were not
urrection, and he admonished her to sufficient to  shelter him  from  tLhe
believe and she should soon see a dis- weather, for the dogs had access to
play of the glorious power of God in his sores.  He was a feeble, cmacithe resurrection. of her brother.    ated, suffering  man.  Nature gave
They  then  took away the stone wa y muuder the harclness of his lot
from the mouth of the sepulcher and and lie died; but when dying, angels.
Jesus lifted up his voice in prayer to bent over his -failing form, and took
God the father, after which "he: cried possessioni of the immllortal spirit as
with  a leoud  voice  Laz"arus come: soon as it was let loose firom the clay
forth."  The dead body iimmediately tabernacle, and they' carried it into,
started up into life.  He who was the heavenly state. We. hear of Lazdead ca-me up from the grave freed arus after he left earth, "in Abrafromu the power of the luonarch of haml's bosom."
the tomb.  Jesus ordered them  to   In a little  hile after the: death of
take off the clothes withl which his Lazarus the rich man also died, and
body was bound for burial; and they was buried, no, doubt in great pomp
did so, and Lazaru        ai   vngnd splenor and a costly monumnent
-restored to' the home. and hearts was raised over him, while: the fornL
that four'days before had been made of Lazarus was rudely coffined and
desolate. John, xi.                  laid in the. Potter's field or stranger's.
The Jewish priests and rulers be- burying ground. 5While. Lazarus was
came very much enraged at this mir- in heaven enjoying' the companionship
acle and determined to kill Jesus, of Abraham, the rich man was in
and L a z ar us also, whom  he had hell, and in torment calls ineffectually
raisedc fronm the dead — for they de- for water to cool his parched tongue.
sired the report of it to die away. The rich man saw- Lazarus now in
John, xii: 1!0.                      paradise, and retmemlnbered him as a
A few days before, Jesus was crulci- beggaar at his gate, and he. begged that'feled he was at Bethany, and lodged at Abraham would send him to his five
the house. of Lazarus. This Bethany brethren and warn them, lest they
family for the last time entertained also should come to that place of torhim.  Mdartha served  as she had ment;. but this request was also dlobeen accustomed to at other times.. nied him. Luke, xvi: 19,31.
Lazarus sat at the table, and Mary'  It makes but little difference to us
anointed the  head  of Jesus with whether this account is real history
costly ointment. Jesus commended or parable, the great truth it is inthis act of hers and declared that it tended to; teach is the. same.. If hisshould be' spoken of to; her honor in tory it is a relation of facts as they
all the world.  John, sii:. 1, 8.    have. been,. if parable merely; it is a.
How long  Lazarus lived after he relation of facts as they' may be.
was raised from. the: dead we know not,
nor in what manner he -met death the LEAH —[Le'-ah,1 weary, tUredz
second time.                           LE AlI was the oldest daughter o0
Laban, who became the wife of Jacob.
L A Z AR U S, 2 — [Laz'-a-rts,] the' Fron the history we learn, she' did' not
help, of Gocd.                   become the wife of the patriarch by
LAZARUS was the name of the: choice on his part, b u t by the-ncustom.
poor man in the history' or parable, as of the country, and the management of"
it is denominated of the. " Rich man Laban, the father.
and Lazaru-s."  It was designed by   Jacob had agreed to serve Labaln
the. Savior to illustrate. the doctrine seven years. for ]Rachel, his younger




LEA               f[295]               LEV
daughter. But when his service was Gad and Asher, two other of the
ended, and he demanded the hand of sons of Jacob were considered Leali's
Rachel in marriage, Laban made a great children because they were born unto
feast, and made as though he was about Zilpah, her handmnaid. There is one
to meet his promise to Jacob, but in- other circumstance worthy of record
stead of giving him  Rachel to wife, he regarding Leah-when she died she
gave him Leah, thereby deceiving him. was buried in the cave of Machpelah
Jacob was dissatisfied, and ventured to beside Abraham and Sarah, Isaac and
express that dissatisfaction to Laban. Rebekah —and Jacob of choice was
The father-in-law then gave as his rea- taken when he died, from Egypt by
s1on for practising the fraud upon him, his son Joseph, and buried by her
that the custom of that country was side.
to give daughters in marriage by seniority.  The eldest must be married LEBBEUS-[Leb-be'us,] a man of
first. This was not only custom but      heart.
in all probability it was law in the   LEBBEUS or THADDEUS, was one
country of lesopotamia; but Jacob of the twelve disciples, and the same
had not learned that fact, and hence as Judas, the son of Cleopas, and
his dissatisfaction.  The matter was the brother of James the less, hence
finally settled between  Jacob  and a kinsman of our Lord. Matthew, x:
Laban, by the latter agreeing to. give 3; Mark, iii: 1S; Luke, vi: 16; Acts,
him Rachel also to wife at the end of i: 13. See also Judas or Jude.
the present marriage feast.
Jacob had no feelings against Leah, LEI U-EL-[Leli'u-el,] God w i t h
lie loved her as a sister, but had inever  them.
meditated marriage with her, for his   This real or supposed person is reaffeections  had  centered upon  the ferred to in Proverbs, xxxi: 1, and
younger daughter.  He hacd served important lessons of instruction are
the proposed time for her, seven given him byhis mother. It has been
years, and the seven years seelmed to supposed that Lenmuel is an o t h e r
himn as days for the love lie had for name for Solomon. If so, his mother
lher.  Leah was an amiable woman, is the author of those excellent lesand worthy the affections of the shep- sons.
herd who was destined to be a mighty
man and the head of a mighty nation. LETUSHIIM-[Le-tu'-shilm.]
In Gen. xxix: 17, it is said "Leah   Was uthe son of Dedan, and great
was tender-eyed."  By this it need grandson of Abraham  by Keturah.
not be understood that lier eyes were Genesis, xxv: 3.
weak or diseased, for it may mean
that she had a soft, delicate, beautiful LEUM1MI3t-[Le-unim-mim.]
eye, as to its color and expression —    Was the son of Dedan, and great
that her beautiful eye was an adorn- grandson of Abraham  by Keturah.
ment that her sister had not —while Genesis, xxv: 3.
Rachel excelled her in shape, person
and carriage.                       LEVI - [Le'-vi,] who i's held and. asIt was quite natural for Jacob to     sociated.
love Rachel more than Leah, as she   LEVI was the third son of Jacob and
was the object of his first love, but Leah.  His birth and position in the
yet we are not to suppose that Jacob fanmily of Jacob is given in Gen. xxix:
did not love Leal at all;' because it is 34. I-c was engaged with his brother
said " Leah was hated," Jacob loved Simeon in revenging the disgrace of
lher with a less love than the love their sister Dinah.  Together, these
lie bare to her sister.  She was the two brothers deceived the Shechemites
honored nmother of Reuben, Simeon, and murdered them. Jacob by no
Levi and Judah.  She wasalso the imeans approved their act. Ee rememmothler of Issachar and Zebulun and bered it against them, and, when dyof Jacob's daughter, Dinah.  Thus ing, denounced Levi and declared that
we behold her as the honored mother his seed should be scattered about
of one half of the heads of the tribes among the tribes of the land of Caof Israel.  But in addition to these naan. Jacob, in his dying words, re



LEV                 [2961                LEV
ferredt to this act of Simeon and Levi, young bullocks to thle door of the tabGen. xlix: 6, " 0 my soul, come notl ernac!le.  The hands of Israelites were
thou into their secret," &c. IHe asso- to be laid upon the heads of the Leciates them together as having instru- vites, thereby resigning them to their
ments of cruelty il their habitations. station in the sacred worship.  The
Gen. xxxiv.                            Levites then laid their hands on the
Levi had three sons, viz: Gershon, two young bullocks and offered them,
Kohath and 3Merari, and one daughter one for a burnt offering and the other
whose name was Jochebed, who after- for a sin offering.  Thus consecrated,
wards became the wife of Amraml  and they were required to walk to and Tfro
the mother of the leaders of the chil- before the tabernacle door for awhile,
dren of Israel. Ex. vi: 16-20. The thereby signifying that they were dedisons of Levi were each the head of ex- cated to God  ancd had entered upon
tensive families, called the Gershonites, their important work.  The age at
Kohathites and bierarites.  Levi him- which they began  this service was
self died at the age of one hundred twenty-five, and they closed the active
and  thirty-seven  years.   His tribe, service at fifty. The first five years
consisting of the above named families, was a kind of probation, so that really
was not as extensive as some other they were thirty when the active service
tribes, at the time of the Exodus fromI commenced.  Num. iv: 47, and Num.
Egypt, for they numbered but twenty- viii.
two thousand two hundred and seven-   The Levites had no special sacred
ty-three  males that were over one apparel,,atnd yet they peribrined muchL
month old.                             sacred work, such  as bearing things
We have an account of the wicked- pertiftiing to the tabernacle during
ness and idolatry of Israel at Sinai, i n their tented state; afterwards in the
making and worshiping a golden calf. landl of Canaan they took care of it
The tribc of Levi, to wxhich Moses and and its sacred things, as also the temAaron belonged, sinned greatly, and ple and its furniture. They were often
God was angry with them, and many engaged in teaching the people and aswere slain.`le are informed in Ex. sisting the priests.
xxxii: 28, that three thousand men  of   In the land of Canaan they had
them fell in the slaughter of idolaters. forty-eight cities with their suburbs
They were fihithful in cutting them  off  assigned them, six of which were apfor their wickedness, until there were  pointed as cities of refuge.  Some of
no idolaters left in the tribe of Levi. the judges of Israel were Levites, as
God rewarded them for their zeal and Eli and Sa nuel. 1st S a m u e 1; and
faithfulness in this matter.          the tribe was quite numerous in the
Aaron and his hilmmediate descend- clays of the kings. More than eight
ants were set apart to be priests; but thousand were engaged in thle coronathe entire tribe of Levi were not to be tion1 ceremonies of David, and there
numbered and apportioned as the other were thirty-eight thousand of them fit
tribes, but exist among the other tribes for service durin'g Daevid's time.  We
as agents or actors in holy things. The are informed that twenty-four thouwhole tribe was to be taken for taber- sand of themr  officiated in the service
nacle or sanctuary service and to rmin- of the tabernacle or temple; six thouister unto the Lord, under Aaron and sand of them were judges; four thouhis sons. Moses,'under divine direc- sand were porters, audcl four thousand
tion, numbered thein by the three faim- were musicians.  They were divided
ilies, gave them their position in the into twenty-four classes or courses,
grand army, and appointed their chief. and lad their service appointed tlhem
The family of Gershon had Eliasaph by loat. 1st Chron. xii, xxiii, and xxvi.
as their chief; the family of Kohaoth    The Levites refused to remain with
]Elizaphan, and the fmily of Mierari the idolatrous Jeroboam.  Very many
had Zuriel as their chief.             of therm I,.lgt his kingdom and returned
The Levites were consecrated to to teir t the kingdomr of Judah, where Jeruwork with solemn  ceremony.  They salem  and the temple were and the
wvere to be sprinkled with pure water, worship of the true God continued.
to shave off their hair and wa.sh1 their They were teachers of religion, and
clothes.  They were then to bring two we learn that Jehoshaphat sent them




LEV                 [297]               LOT
all through  his kingdom  with  the mother,  Eunice."  And referring to
princes to teachl the people.  They Timothy's early education, he says,
were very active in the relbrml of the "from a child, thou hast known the
young  king Josiah; they directed in holy script u r e s, vwhich are able to
the repairs of the  temple, and assisted make thee wise unto salvation through
at the solenmn passover. 2d Chron. faith which is in Jesus Christ."  2d
xi and xii; also xisx to xxxv.       Timothy, iii: 15.
Miany of theim  were carried into
Babylon anrd were  in captivity there, L 0 A:M IM I —[Lo-am'mi,] Inot mny
but sonne of them returned with Zerucb-  people.
babel, others with Ezra, and ten of   Was one of the sons of the prophet
theml are mentioned in' Ezra x: 23, Iosea, by Gomer, the daughter of
21, as putting away strange wives they ]Dibliam. The name is significant of
alld imarried in  Babylon.'Sonme of a fu-ture event.  I-osea, i: 9.
therm assisted Nehemiah in reading
thle law -at his solenin 1 ist, Neh. viii, LO-ItUI-IAMAEH — [Lo-ru-L-hay'iiah]
aind ix, and seven teen of them  sub-    Inot hav'ig obtaized  nercy, not
scrsbecd to Nehemiah's covenant for      pitied.
refiormation. Nel. x. Neheml;ah re-   Was the daughter of the prophet
quired the people to attend to the Hosen, by Gomer, the daughter of
tlttbes due the Levites, as their neglect Dibliam, anld her name was sig3nificant
had iradc it neccessary for them to go of a future event. Hosea, i: G.
into other eniploylnents instead of
bering fLith-ful to the temple service. LOT —wrapt up, mnrr'Losinb.
NeneI101lmh  x.                        LOT was the son of Hiaran, and a
T2he Levi-es became demnoralized nephew of Abraham, and some suppose
gr0aly after our Saevio's- death, for the brother of Sarah the wife of the
they tell us the hi-gh priesthood was great Patriarchl.  If Sarah  was the
di pooed of to the highest bidders, daught.er of Haran  and the grandvhile Ithe conimmon Levites wore the daughter of Terah, and the same as
robes of the priests which had not Iscah referredl to in  en. xi: 29, ten
been allowed from the time the tribe she was the sister of Lot. But of this
was consecrated.                     we cannot be certain.  After the death
of Ilarain, Lot traveled with Abraham
LTNB — [Lsib/ni,] white, whitieness.   and lived with hihm. They went down
LBNI was the son of Gershon, of together into Egypt, and tarried during
the  ntribe of Levi. His family, with a imine there.  Together they left
the faiinly of his brother Shimi, had Eoypt and went into the southcountry
the cn"ilnrge of the tabernacle of the and pitched their tents between Bethel
congregation, thbat is, so much as per- and Hai. Lot and Abraham were both
tained to tShe curtains, and coverings, quite wealthy, and their wealth conand cords.  Exodus, vi: 17.  Num- sisted in extensive flocks and herds.
be-s, iii: 25.                       So extensive that the land would not
afford pasturage for them both. There
LOIS-[Lo'is,] betzter,               was a difficulty between the herdsmen
Lois was the leotiher of Eunice, of Lot and Abrahamn, probably regardand the grandmother of Tim o thy. ing thle pasturage, and when Abraham
We may gatler from  the testimony learned it he made a peaceful offer to
of Panl regarding the piety of these Lot to separate, which offer was accepted
women, that while Timothy owed on the part of Lot, and he chose the
much to the instruction s of his country about Sodom for his residence
mother; he also owed much to his and pasturage.  So the two separated.
grandmother.  She taught Eunice,   It was not long until the Sodomites
and associated. herself with her daugh- began to develop great wickedness of
ter in raising up the son "in the nur- heart. Lot saw it, mourned over it,
ture and admonition of the Lord." and his very life became a burden unto
Paul said, 2d Timothy, i: 5, "LWhen him. God punished the wicked people
I call to rem-emuberance the unfeigned of that country by permitting the coniaith that is in thee, which dwelt first federate kings to conquer and ravage
in thy gr an din other Lois, and thy their cormtry, and carry them captive.




LOT                [298]              LUO
Lot himself antd his family were taken of his famcily than when he started
captive, but Abraham, his uncle, hearing from S o d om. For some cause or
of it, armed his trained servants born other, his wife had disobeyed the diin his own house, and pursued after vine command, and was overtaken by
Chedorlaomer and recovered Lot and the vengeance of the Almighty. She
his family and goods.               b e c a in e a pillar of salt, while the
A few years after that God deber- cities, with their inhabitants, were demined to destroy the cities of the plain stroyed. Lot was ati1aid to dwmell in
of which Sodom was one, by fire and Zoar. It may be, he could view ifrom
brimstone from  heaven. Lot was vis- that place, the desolated and ruined
ited by two angels, and with his family country, and possibly he could see the
hastened out of the city before it was saline monument into which his wife
destroyed. These angels had feasted was turned, and so shocking was the
with Abraham, and lmade known the sight of the country, and the destruedivine will and purpose to destroy tion that had befallen his wife, that
Sodom. Theywentontothecitywearied he retired to the mountains, where he
and fatigued with travel. Lot saw them, was first bidden to go. It was while
and begged of them, that they would he dwelt in the mountains beyond
come in and lodge that night in his Zoear with his daughters, that hlie cornhouse. At first they manifested a dis- mitted sin against God in indulging
position —probably to try his hospi- in drunkeness, and evil concupiscence.
tality —to stay all night in the street, The snare was set by his daughters,
but he pressed them to come in, and and he was entrapped. The sin Lot
they did, and ate with him.         committed here was almost the only
Searcely was the repast over when a blemish in his moral conduct.
rabble crowd of Sodomites beset the   Both the daughters bare a son, and
house of Lot, and demanded that he the elder called the name of her son
bring out the strangers, that they might Moab, and lie was the father of the
insult them, but he would not. Tlhey Moabites; and the younger called the
became furious and rushed at the door name of her son Ben-ammi, and he
to break it down, but the angels drew was the father of the Ammonites.
Lot in and shut the door, fastening ]oth of these two powerful tribes
it securely, then smote the wicked seemned to be under the malediction
crowd with blindness. They became of H-Ieaven. The Mioabites b eca me
confused and astonished, and at last left gross idolaters, and the Ammllonites
the habitation of Lot and went to their who dwelt near them, engaged with
homes. The angels then informed Lot thel in their idolatries, and they were
of the divine determination to destroy alike enemies to Israel. Judges, xi:
the City-of Sodom, and the other cities 24; Deut. xxiii: 3-4.
of the plains, for the wickedness of the   It can hardly be supposed, from
people, and they bade hinm  with his whatis recorded regar ding Lot in
relations leave the place. I-e sent to Genesis, xiii: 5-13 tihat he becarme  a
his intended sons-in-law and begged vicious and wicked man, as there is
them to go with im and his wife ald but a single wicked act r e c o d e d.
daughters; but theywould not. Early Nor does Peter, in his epistlc, 2d
the ne.xt morning Lot, his wife, andC  Epistle, ii:  -S8, even condemn himl
two unmlarried daughters left Sodom, as we are aiccustomed  to coldemln this
urged by the angels, and started for the act, though he haid a knowledge of it.
mountains.
They were warned to flee and not LOTAN-[Lo'tan. j
tarry, or look back. Lot felt an anx-   Was the son of Seir, the Heorite,
iety to have a home in some town or whose posterity is referred to in Genvillage, and not in the mountains that esis, xxxvi: 20.
were inhabited but by wild beasts,
and he asked for the privilege of flee- L U C I F. E R —[Lu/ci-fer, ] br"ingin
ing to Zoar, which was the smallest    liht.
of the five cities marked for destruc-   L u  I F E R is -a title by which the
tion. The Lord granted this request, prophet Isaiah describes tlhe proud
and permitted him to go there. When tyrant and wicked king oi' Babylon,
he arrived at Zoar, there was one less Nebuchadnezz a r.  Its:  glory and'




LUG                 [299]               LUK
power is represented as far surpassing a full and clear account of the two disthat of other kings. Isaiah, xiv: 12, ciples that journeyed to Emmaus, and
"I-ow  art thou fallen, 0 Lucifer," received evidence satisfactory to them,
&c. The title is used to represent the that their lord had risen from the dead.
head of the fallen angels, and the The strong probability is that, he was
king of Babylon is compared to him. one of the two, for he gives the name
of Cleopas but not of his traveling coinLUCOIUS-[Lu'shi-us,] lulminous.    panion. Ashe relates the circumstance
Of Cyrene, xwas probably the same so clearly in the twenty-fourth chapter
as Luke,% the author of the Acts of of his gospel, it is quite likely that he
the Apostles, and the gospel. I-He is was "that other dlisciple,"  and mlodreferred to in Acts, xiii: 1.         estly refrained from  giving his owi
name, as sometimes others of the sacred
LUD ot LUDIN, 1-k- Catu;'t y, gen- writers do. In Luke i: 2 he professes
eration.                          to be an eye-witness of the scenes and
LUD or LU   I N was the son of circumstances he is about to relate.
Shem, aind is referred  to in Genesis, He seems to have written or directedl
x: 22. I-Ie is supposed to be the pro- his gospel as also the Acts of the Aposgeniture of those Lydians who dwelt tles, to a noted Christian, and special
in lesser Asia, who became a very fiiend of his,whose name wxas Tfeophi-'wickedl people, and one of the proph- lus. Luke i; 3. Acts i: 1. In his
ets refers to Lud, or the descendants gospel he has given a clear and satisof Lud, who were ignorant of God, iiletory account of the birth of Jesus,
and had not seen his glory, among and his genealogy by the side of  n1ary,
whoml he w'ould exile some of the his real mother, calling Joseph the smG
Jews for their wickedness. Isaiah, of Heli, who was the son-in-law, having
1xvi: 19.                             married Mary, Heli's daughter.  iis
account of the messenger, or forerunner
LUJD  ou LUDIM[, 2 —la7Ci-ity geL- of Messiah is very clear and satisfactory.
eratio?,.                        I-Ic gives the names, chairacter  ani
LuD or Lu DLr was the son of Miz- position of John the Baptist's parents,
rain, probably the elder son, as he is John's birth and life, and work and
named first of the sons in Genesis, x: death.  He gives the important.testi13. His descendants are supposed to mony of the aged Simneon regarding
be the sanle as the  Nubians, who set- Christ's M1essiahship, and the  testled on the south or west of Egypt. timony of the aged widow Anna.  He
They were famous as archers, and are gives the conversation of Jesus with
referred to in Jeremiah, xlvi: 9, as the doctors in the temple when but
helping Pharaoh-necho  against the twelve years of age.  He gives several
Chaldeans; but Ezekiel, xxx: 5, tells striking parables which are omitted in
us that these Lydia uns, with those the other gospels. The parable of the
whom  they were in league, shall be good  Samaritan; prodigal son; rich
exterminated.                         man and Lazarus; also, the unjust
judge, and the Publican and Phari-ee,
LUKE-Lumiinous.                       who went up to the temple to pray.
LUIKE waS an Evangelist, the author He relates the cure of the woman who
of the gospel bearing that name, and had been bowed dow-n by affliction for
also the author of the  "Acts of the eighteen years; the cleansing of the ten
apostles." He was a native of Antioch, lepers; the restoring to life of the
and by profession a physician.  He be- widow's son at Nain.  He gives the
came we suppose during Christ's min- accountofZaccheus and his conversion,
istry a disciple, and constant attendant   It is not very certain whether Luke
on the master. his gospel or history was a Jew or a Gentile but the probaof Jesus Christ, is very complete, there bility is that he was a Jew. Some have
are several important circumstances re- supposed he was a kinsman of Paul;
lated, that are not mentioned by Mat- they think that Lucius named in Rozn.
thew and Mark..He records incidents xvi: 21 was the same as Luke. I-lie
in Jesus' public life, and relates para- was a compaianon of that apostle, travlbles and instructions that the other eled  extensively  with  h i ml, a nd
Evangelists omit. He gives especially frequently in giving the travels of Paul




LUKE                 [300]               NLYS
he associa.tes himself with him, or in " The  Lord opened her heart and
writing his account he uses the first she attended to those things which
perion  plural.  In Acts xvi: 11, were spoken of Paul."  She at once
"WI herefore  oosing from Troas we acknowledged the truth, declared her
calme with a straight course to Samno- fith in Christ, andlopenly took upon
thnracia. "  This gives us to understand herself his name and the obligations
that Luke was with Paul on his first of his religion.   She was baptized
voyage, and visit to Macedonia, and with  her household, and ininaediwhen Paulreached Philippi he and Luke ately showed her strong attachment
probably separated for a time, for as to the cause, and her gratitude to thZe
Luke  continues the account of thie ministers who had been instrumental
apostle's travels a nd labors, in  his in her conversion, by pressing tihei-ito
writing lie uses the third person plural. come into her house and abide there.
Acts xvii: 1.  "Now when they had There were several reasons wby she
passed through Amplhipolis, &C," but besouglt  them, if they judged her
after that hlie uses the first personagain.  f-aith'll, 2and  her conversion  to be
Acts xx: 5., 6.  "These going before genuine, to conie into her house and
tarried for us at Troas," &c.'cWe abdide thcre.  One of the p rinClpld
sailed fronm Philippi.'"  We may learn reasois iill probability was he l Ceffrom 2c1 Tim. iv: 11, Phlilemon twenty- sirecl to reccve I:rther inrstruction
fourth verse.  Col. iv: 14, that Lukle from them. She would have thlem in
"the beloved  physician," was with her fanmily, that she and ler hoLusePaul during the years of his confine- hold might have their counsel a'ind
ment as a prisoner at Rome.            instruction dailTy —hat slhe lmight ask
It is supposed that he was more theml questions and have their teachlearned thanl  either of the other inale'nd prayers in her ifmily. She
eevangelists.  His language is consicl- had learned something of Christ anid
ered more varied, copious and pure desired to learn mnuchl  more.  T'hus
and his style of writing genera!ly beginniLng, it is not strange if shie besuperior to the style of the others. cane  a noted'nd Christian womran.
Itis not known when he died or wihere    Paul and his companion wsrei soon
historians have not rmentioned hll  cast into prison at  - it pp i- aLd duralmong those who suffered martyrdom, ing their iimprisonment wevre instrnhence we may  sup)iSe   he died a mental inl te conversion ot the jailor.
natural death.                         A, soon a-s they were dclivered  froni
the prison and the stocks, they went
hYDIA - 0-[Lyd/-i-a.]                  into the house of Lydia where they
LYDIA was a woman who had been round  the  Clr:istitalns  engaged  in
born in Thyatira, but was a seller of prayer e rf  them.  L yclina wdos not
purple, or purple silks in Phlippi. aft-xaidc to show  her friendshi p antd
It is not certail whether she was a   oi el% bfor these despised  iad perseJewess or a Gentile.  Fromn the ac- cuted  amrbatssadors     of Christ -she
-count given of her in Acts, xvi: 14, did not sihun them  or their company
15, we csuppose she was a worshiper lest the patronage he had as a seller
of G-od, but -beamne a convert to the of pun-ple should be cut off.
Christian relgoon thirough the preach-   Aftei  encouraging Lydia and the
ing of Paul Iat the river side, not far othef-r converts, Pautl anud his comnpanfroUm  the city of Philippi, where she iion departed froni P1hiiippi to preach
was engaged  in her calling.  tier in other cities of Mlacedonia. Lydia
emuploynuent was honorable,and de- probably remained faithful until the
manded  attention and application, but pilgaimage of life ended, when she
she fonnd thmne to worship God ac- entered upon the glorious reward of
cording to the knowledge she had, the righteous.
and was probably very devout in her
worship; but she heard the apostle LYSIAS.
preach on th at memorable Sabbath    LYSIAS was the chief captain of a
after he arrived in the country of Poman band at Jernsalem, and in Acts,
lTacedonia.  And she did not hear xxi, he is presented to our-view as resthe word pre-aheod in vain; it was cuing Paul friom the hands and power
made insa-umental in her conversion. of a mob. The apostle had been re



LYS                [o011               MMl
eeived gladly by the brethren at Jeru- was the daughter of' 5.aascah, and,
salem, and he dec!aread the things that hence sustained a, near relation  to'
God'had wrought by his ministry Absalom, who revenged her disgrace
among the Gentiles.  At the request by an act that exiled him for three,
of James and the elders of the ch.urch years, from David, and from I'_aaeah.
there, Paul showed his respect for the his mother. 2d S-:amel, iii: 3.
law of' Moses, by purifying himself and
certain others who were with him that Ml A A C H A II, i.-[Ma.-a'/ah,] -,t
were under a vow. After the days of      squeeze.
purifying were ended, certain Jews   MAACHAI-H  was the son of Nahor,
finding him there, raised an insurrec- by his concubine:lReumah. She w,,
tion agahinst him and would have lkilled the miother of four children, o01 whomi
himl had not Lysias taken charge of /INaa-chah was the youngest, t'we juLdge,
him. IHe came with an arlmed force cfrom G-enesis, xxii: 24. It is thoug'ht
and bound him with two chains to two he was the father of the 1Maaeh1ahsoldiers, and ordered him to be placed lthit-es, who- inhabited a t.ract of land
in the castle. As Paul was ascending; on the east of what was called the
the stairs, he asked of Lysias thle priv- springs' of Jordan. W'e have an ac —
ilege of speaking, who permitted him, counlt in Deunt. iii: 1a, of the conandcl standing on the stairs, out of the quests of Jair, the son of  Manasseh,
reach of the mob, he delivered a pow- who, took all thle country of Argob
erful address, Acts, xxii, during which unltO the coasts of Geshnri and btMahe plead his privileges as a Roman cit- aehathi. In Joshua, xii: 5, we learn
izen, and by that plan escaped the tot- tulrther of the country of t.he lbaanchture that he was about to endure by athites. But 3Manehah was probably
scourging.  The next day he brought the same country, and as it was not
Paul before the chief priests and their far from  Padzan-Aram, the country
council. The apostle defends himself -ilere Nahor, the father of BMaachahT,
there also. A great dissension arose lived, and not far from  the placeduring the examination of the-case, and where the rest of Nahor's posterity
Lysias closed up the examination and dwelt. The Hebrews when conquerplaced Paul again ing the castle. When ing the land seemed disposed to spa.re
Lysias heard that forty persons had the IMaachah'thites, and Nwe can see no
conspired to kill Paul, he sent him by special reason for it, except that they
aight under a strong military escort to had a regard for them  hecause of
Cesarea, to Felix the Governor. Acts, their origin and relationship.
xxiii: 26-30, is a copy of the letter   We have an account afterwards of
that the chief captain wrote to  i'elix, the lMaachahthites helping the Ammosetting forth the case.  (See Claudius.) nites against David. 2d Sam. x: 8-9.
They took a position on the battle:
AACAII-[Mc-acahj,] to squeeze. field, and fought with the Syrians,
M  who were also helping Arnmon against
MAAOCati was one of the wives of David, b-ut Joab, the general of king
Davicl. She was the daughter of Tal- David's army, conquered the Ammnnonmai, the king of Geshur.  David prob- ites arid their helpers, and subdued
ably formed some acquaintance with their country.
this woman while he dwelt in Ziklag,
the town that Achish, the king of BIAACHIAH, 2-To squeeze.
Cath, gave him.   During the time   MAACHAIIA, or MICAIAII, was the
that David lived there, he warred danoliter of Absalom. and U rie l.
with the Geshurites,. and some neigh- 2d EJhron. xiii: 2. She was the wife
boring nations, and conquered them. of Rehoboam and the grandc-mother
Absalom was the son of Maacah, of Kaing Asa. She was ti-e moth-erl of
and when he killed A m n o n, his Abijah, one of the kings o-' Judah,
brother, he:ied to the country of who succeeded his fither, Rehoboain,
Geshur, and put himself under the to the throne. 31Naachah was an idolcharge of Talmai, the king, who was ater, and probably debased herself
his' grandfather on his mother's side, very much in her worship of the ohwhere he remained -for -three years. scene idols of the land. When. King
Tamar, who was disgraced by Amnoani — Asa executed the covenant that he'




MAA                [302]             MAC
had entered  into with Gocd, h e M3AASEIAII, 4-The work of the
stripped Maachah of what authority  _Lord.
she had. I-Ie removed her from being   Was a Levite who assisted Ezra in
queen for her idolatry, cut down her the same way. Neh. viii: 7.
idol and stamped it and burnt it by
the brook Kidron. 1st Kings, xv: 13. MAUASEIAH, 5 - The work of the
From 2d Chron. xi: 21, we learn that    Lord.
she was loved by Rehoboam above all  Was one of the heads of the peohis wives and concubines, numbering ple whose descendants sign e d the
in all seventy-eight.              covenant. Neh. x: 25.
MAACHAH, 3-To squeeze.            IMAnASEIAI, 6 —The work of the
Lord.
There was a man of this name who   Was the son of Baruch and deis referred to in 1st Kings, ii: 39, as scendant of Pharez, the son of Judah.
kking of Gath, and father of Achish. Neh. xi: 5.
Some of the servants of Shimei had
fed from their master to him.      MAASEIAII, 7-The work of the
Lord.
MAACHIAH, 4-To squzeez&              A Benjamite and the ancestor of
Was the father of Shephatiah, who, Sallu. Neh. xi: 7.
in the time of David, ruled over the
house of Simeon. 1st. Chron. xxvii: IAASEIAH, 8 —The work of the
16.                                    Lord.
There were two priests of this name
MAADAI-[Maad'-a.]                 who took part in the musical service
MAADAI was one of the sons of of dedicating the wall. Neh.. xii: 41,
Bani who had married a foreign wife. 42.
Ez. x: 34.
AIAASEIAI, 9 —The zwork of the
MA ADIAII-[TMa-a-di'-ah.]             Lord.
MAADIAI-I was one of the priests at  Was the ftther of Zephaniah, a
the head of a family who returnled pr iest in the reign of Zedekiah.
from   Babylon  with  Zerubbabel. There were some other_ persons of:NTeh. xii: 5.                     this name referred to in Jer. xxi: 1;
Jer. xxix: 21; 2d Chron. xxiii: 1,
MAAI-[Ma-a'-i.]                    xxvi: 11; xxxiv: 8; Jer. xxxv: 4;
MAAI was one of those who took xxxii: 12; Ist Chron. ix: 12.
part in the musical service when the
walls of Jerusalem were dedicated 3[AASEIAIU, 10-The work of the
by Nehemiah. xii: 36.                  Lord.
Was the son of Ahaz, a king of
MAASEIAII, 1- [Ma-a-si'-ah,] the Judah. lHe wsasassassinated byZiehri
work of the Lord.              a mighty man of Ephraim. 2d Chron.
T h e r e were four persons of this xxviii: 7.
name who returned with Ezra from
Babylon, and had each married a  IAAZIA1 —[3Ma-a-zi'ah.]
strange wife. Ez. x: 18, 30.        Was one of the priests appointed
by )David, when he divided them into
L4_AASEIAII, 2 —The -work of the the twenty-four orders. Ilis lot was
Lord.                          the twenty-fourth.  1st Chronicles,
Was the father of Azariah, one of I xxiv: 18.
the priests who helped Nehemiah to
build Jerusalem. Neh. iii: 23.     3ACHI-[Mal'chi.]
MAASEIAIH, 3-The work of the   Was the father of Geuel, whr was
Lord.                          one of the twelve men that were sent
Was one of those who stood on the to examine the nature and condition
right hand of Ezra when he read the of the land of Canaan. He was of
law to the people. Neh. viii: 4.  the tribe of Gad. Num. xiii: 15.




AC                  [3038]              MAll
MACHI-IR-[May'-ki,] 7he that-sells given him, would be a gratification to
or knows.                        him.
3ACHIR was the son of Manasseh
and grand-son of Joseph.  Gen. I IATMIALATH, 2 —ffelodiots song,
1: 23. Of his children, it is said       infirmvity.
they were brought up upon Joseplh's   MALUATII was the daughter of
knees, by which we may understand Jeremoth the son of David, and a wife
t.heywere educated by Joseph or under of PTehoboanm. 2d Chron. xi: 18.
his direction, and they looked' upon
hihm as the IPatriarchal head of their MIA-TALALEEL.- [Ma.ha-la-lee'- ell
father's fumily. He had three sons,       he that praises God.
and also a da.ughter who was married
to Htezron, of the tribe of Judah. 1st   MAIALALTEEL is referred to in the
Chron. vii: 16.                       genealogy of the ten antecdiluvian patriTo the family of Machir Ioses gave archs, as they succeeded each other,
the lanc, of Gilead, and they dwelt in from Seth, who was appointed to take
it. Num. xxxii: 40.                  the place in the family of Adam of the
In Numb. xxvi: 29, we learn that murdered Abel.  Gen. iv: 26.  He
t, ach:lrwas chief o thell  amily of the was the son of Cainan and the grandMaichirites.                         son of E'nos.  Mahalaleel was the
father of Jared, the sixth from Adam,
MADA1A-[TMad'-a-i.]                  and was sixty-five years old when Jared
3MADAo is reckoned as the third son was born, and as he lived, after the
of Japheth. Gen.x:2. Itisthought birth of this son, eight hundred and
by some that he was the father of the thirty years, at the time of his death
1M-acedonians.  In support of this it is lie was eight hundred and ninety-five
said the ancient name of Iace-donia years old. Gan. v: 15, &
was,i'adai; and again, it is asserted
in the ancient history of that kingdom   MAHAR.Al[T. [Ma-ha/-rai.]
that there was a king of that namle in   IAHAZAI, the Netophathite-, was the
early times. Others think he was the capt-ain of the tenth month, when Dafather of the 3iedes, as Media answers vid instituted the monthly service of
so well to the namze Mad'al.         captains, over twenty-four thousand
men.  1st Chron. xxvii: 13.
3AG00-[31/a-gog,] roof, that dissolves.                          MA HAZT[OTI. -[Ma-ha-zi'-oth.]
MAGOG,o as we learn from G-en. x: 2,   MAHAZIOTH1I wCas one of the sons of
was the son of Japheth and brother Hemran, and when the lots were cast
of Madai and others.                 and the singers were divided into twenty-four courses, the three-and-twentieth
MAHA,.LATH, 1.-[Ma-hnay'lath,] me- lot came to him.  1st Chron. xxv: 30.
lodious song, infirmity.
MAHEiR-SHALAL-HASHBAZ -
M3ALHATATI was the wife of Esau,        [Ma'-her-shal-al-al-hash'-baz,] i
the daughter of Ishmael and sister of    mnakig speed to the spoil he
Nebajoth.  Gen. xxviii: 9.  "Then        hasteneth, &c.
went Esau unto Tshmael, and took unto   MAHER-SHALA-L-HASHBAZ Was a
the wives which he had Mahalath, the child whose name is given in Isa. viii:
daughter of Ishmael, Abraham's son, 1, and an account of him in the verses
the sister of Nebajoth, to be his wife." following. The name is significant of
Thus Esau married a woman who sus- a future event. Its meaning is Haste
talned the same relation to Isaac his to the spoil —fall upon the prey. It
father, that Rachel, whom Jacob mar- was intended to set forth the destruciied, sustained to Rebekah the mother. tion of 1Damascus and Samaria by the
Esau married his father's niece, and Assyrians. Maher-shalal-hashbaz
Jacob married his mother's niece. It was the son of a prophet, born unto
is quite probable that Esau made this him  by the prophetess, and before he
selection to please his father, actuated was three years old the prophecy was
by a sincere desire to do what he gath- fulfilled which was set forth by his
ered from the instructions Isaac had name.




MAIl                [O041               JAL
MAHLT-TH- [MIal-lah,    ] melodiotts of the tribe of Zebulun, and a native
song, ipfirmity.                 of the city of Sephoris, and that he'3MAHLAH was one of the daughters died a young man.
of Zelophebad who obtained with   -le lived and prophesied about the
her sisters) an inheritance in the tribe time that Nehemiah was governor of
of Manasseh by a special law added Judea, or probably a few years after
to the Jewish civil code. Numbers, the death of Nehemiah. He prophexxvii: 7.                            sled after the building of the second
temple, and contributed his influence,
MAH-LOTN —[   - ah'-lon, ] song, infir- as a prophet of God, to the full restora-?zity.                           tion of the Jewish polity, and the reM A n L 0 N was the elder son of form  begun and established by the
Elimelech and Naomi.  IWhen his good governor, Nehemiah.
father and mother left the land of   His prophecies have been divided
Judah and -went to sojourn in the into two discourses, in the first of
country of Moab, he and his brother which he refers the Jews to the goodChiiion went with them. It was not ness of God, their benefactor.  He
long until the father died, when MIah- shows them how irreverent and wicked
lon mawrried ruth a Moabitish damsel, they had been, and denounces the diwhile his brother married Orpah a vine judgments against them. ]in the
Moabite woman also. Soon, however second discourse, lie sets forth the
he died, leaving his wife a widow and comling of Christ, and of his mlessenchildless. Ruth, i: ii: iii.         ger, John, the Baptist. I-e speaks of
the work of John, and of Christ, viz:
MP3AHOL-[M/a'-ho1.] -                to purify the sons of Levi, the priests,
MAIOL was the father of Ethan, and to visit the land with a curse unthe Ezrahite, and his t;hree brothers, less they repented.  (See book of
Heman, Chalcol and Darda.  These MIalachi.)
four men were all famous for their
wisdolm, next to  Solomon himself. MAALECHTI A, 1 —[3fal-ki'-ah.]
1st Kings, iv: 31.'I                MmACIHIA-1 was the keeper of the
prison in Jerusalecm at the time JereM3ALA Q i —f[al/-aki.]               miah was prophesying, and in Jer.
M Ar ILAC iT was one of the lesser xxxvii: 6, tle 1iry dungeon into
prophets, and the last in order as to which the persecuted prophet was let
time of prophesying and position in down with cords, is called the dungeon
the book of prophecies. He wrote his of Mialeh-iah, the sonof liliammelech.
predictions about four hundred years By this we understand that he had
beWore the coming of Christ, and they the charge of the prisoners that were
close up the great and important pro- inca.c erat' d there.
phetical age.  John, the Baptist,
whose appearance Malachi so clearly   IALCHA3HLT-1, 2.
foretold, was the next prophet to hin,   Hie -was appointed by David to the
and the age and ministry of Jolhn office of the priest, t;th other Levites.
links the prophetical age to the Chris- Ist Chron. vi: 40.
tian era.
It has been pretended that Malachi 31ALCH[A11, 3.
was te  the se as Zerubbabel, otlhers   Ie is referred to in Ezra x: 25,
say he was tlhe same as Ezra, and still amongst those who  had trespassed
others say he was the same as  iorde- against C-od by mnarrying strange wives.
ca;i, the Jew, who was promoted to
honorable position in the service of  BIALCHIJAH, 1 —[Mal-ki'-jah.]
the Persian king, Ahasuerus, and still  TbA LCHIJA I uwas one of those who
others say he was the same as Nehe- was engaged by Nehellniah in rebuildmiah; but we know as it regards these ing the walls of Jerusalem. In comdistinguislhed nmen, neither of them is paniy with Hashub, hle is represented
ever called a prophet, or pres.ented to as working on the wall, and also reour view as performing the particular pairing "the tower of the furnaces."
work and office of a prophet. Again,   N eb      11. ii. nd still there  is
it has been asserted that Mtalachi was anotheTr Ialchijah represented as the




MAL                [Uo51              BLL
son of Rechab, who repaired the dung- turned it aside and only permitted
gate, and was the ruler of the village Peter to cut of the ear, and probably
or town of Beth-haccerem. Nehemiah would not have peromitted that, but that
iii: 14.                            he mnight be afforded an opportunity of
attesting the truth of his divinity by a
MALOHIJAH, 2.                       very convincing miracle, wrought in the
He was one of the priests appointed presence and before the eyes of some
by David, when he divided them into of his worst enemies. Luke tells ustwenty-f'our courses. His lot was the that Jesus touched the ear of Ml:alchus
fifth.  st CJhron. xxiv: 9.         andhealedhim. Lluke, xxii: 51. VWhy
the other three Evangelists, Matthew,
3L&LCHII-SHUA- [Mlyal-ki-shut'ah,] Mark and Luke, do not give the name
amy king is a savior.            of Malchus, whose ear was cut off, or
MALHII-SHlUA was the third son of of Peter who cut it off, we do not cerSaul, the first king of Israel. He was tainly know. It may be because they
engaged with his father and with his were both living at the time they wrote
brothers, Jonathan and Abinadab, in these gospels, and St. John, who wrote
the battle at Gilboa, and with them he his later, may have given the names in
was slain by the Philistines.  I-is relating the circumstance, because they
body was rescued from  the enemy wvere both dead.  Whether 3Malchus
with the bodies of the others of the ceased his opposition to Jesus after
king's household, by the inhabitants this miracle was performed, or continued
of Jabesh-Gilead, who brought them  to lead the crowd and join in the rabble
to Jabesh, and buried them in a grave shout while the innocent Redeemer was
uncer a tree. 1st Sam. xxxi.        led to his nmock trial, we know not.
MALCIHIEL-[M al ki'-el.]            BI LLOTHItL
IHe was one of the two sons of   MALLOTLH1 was one of the sons of'
Beriah, and the grand-son of Asher, R-leman, and when the lots were cast
and is numbered with the family of and the singers were divided into twenJacob, who went down into Egypt. ty-four courses, the nineteenth lot came
Gen. xlvi: 17.                      to him. 1st Chron. xxv: 26.
I A L C H U S. —[Mal/'kus,] king or MALLUCH, 1 —[Mal'luk.]
Zi.ngqdom.
kingdom.                       Was a Levite of the family of MIarMALCIUS was a servant of Caiphas ari, and an ancestor of Ethan, the
the high priest. Ie is brought to our singer. Ist Chron. vi: 44.
notice in John, xviii; 10. Though his
name is not given by the other three MALLUCHI, 2,
Evangelists, yet the transaction re-   Was one of the sons of Bani. Ezra.,
corded by St. John is given by them  x: 29.
all. Hie was one of the company that
went to the garden to take Jesus, when MALLUC-I, 3,
Judas had agreed to betray him into   Was one of the descendants of llarim,,
the hands of his enemies. Peter, who who had married foreign wives. Ezra,
a little while before had declared to Je- x: 32.
sus that his enemies should not take
him, stood near his master when the M1ALLUCIT, 4,
mob approached, and, true to his pur-   Was a priest or family of the people
pose of defending him, he took out his who signed the covenant with'Nehesword and cut off the right ear of Mal- miah. Neh. x: 4.
chus. It may be that this man was at
the head of the mob, or in the front of MALLUCH, 5,
the rabble crowd, and this may account   Another priest or head of the people,
for his being wounded by Peter. The who signed the covenant with: Nehebold, ardent, courageous apostle prob- miah. Neh. x:27. HIe may be the:by aimed to kill him, with his sword same person who is said to have reeto cleave his skull in twa-in; but, Jesus I t-urned with Zerublhbrael. Neh. xii: 2.
20




MAM                [3061              MAN
MAMlRE-[Mam're,] rebellious, bit- MANAIHATHI-[Man-a-hath.]
ter, that changes.                MANAIATI was the son of Shobal,
MAmRE, in company-with Aner and and the grandson of Seir the Herite.
Eschol, his brothers, was friendly to Gen. xxxvi: 23.
Abraham, insomuch that he dwelt in
the plain of Mamre. These three bro- M A N A S S E H, 1 —[  -na-sweh]J
thers were Amorites, and they seem to    forgetfulness, he that is forgotten.
have held a conference with Abraham    MANAssEII was the eldest son of
about the time of the conquest on the Joseph, born unto him  of Asenath
part of the confederate kings of the in Egypt.  We have an interestinj
cities of the plain, and the conference acconmt of the children of Joseph
resulted in their joining themselves being brought to the dying Jacob to
unto him.                           receive his blessing.  Gen. xli: 50;
WA hen the news was brought to Abra- Gen. xlviii: 8, 14. The reason given
ham that Lot, his nephew, was taken by Joseph for naming his elder son
captive, be prepared at once to pursue Manasseh was " for God hzath made
the conquerors. He armedc his trained me forget all my toil and all my
servants, born in his own house, to the father's house."   unnassea and Ephnumber of three hundred and eighlteen. raim are brought into the presence of
Then Aner, MIanre and Esehol, with the dying Jacob, and he asked his
the force they could command, joined son J os e p h, "Who are these?"'
themselves to Abraham, and they to-  Joseph told him they-were his sons
gether followed the confederates, that G-od had given him. Jacob t he;3
flushed as they were w i th victory. bade him bring them Pear hium andr
They overtook them by night and fell he would bless them. HI-e did so, and
upon them, in all probability, unawares. the dying Patriarch. kissed them, and
This produced confusion and flight in embraced them.  But the eyes of
the army, and they left their prisoners Jacob were dim and moreover the
of war, almong whom were Lot and his film of death was beginning to gather
family, and the goods that had been on his eye-balls, so. that he seemed
taken, as well as a large amount of not to know  the elder from  the
their own army stores and provisions, younger-so thought Joseph, as he
and they returned with their prisoners placed Manasseh near his father's
and spoils.  Abraham  would take right hand, and Ephraim  near his
nothing as his own that his army father's left hand.  When Jacob:
brought back or recovered, save what crossed his arms and placed his right
his young men had eaten; but he did hand upon the head of Ephraim and
not claim to prescribe as to the com- his left hand upon the head of Manpensation that Matmre, Aner and Es- asseh, Joseph took hold of his father's
chol should have. By right of con- right hand as it was placed upon the
quest the recaptured booty belonged, in head of the younger, to put it upon.
part to them. They probably claimed the head of the elder-when he was
it.  fhey certainly had not the same checked by his father who told him,
reason for refusing it, or generously " I know it my son, I know it, Ian —
giving it all up, that Abraham had. asseh shall become a people and shall
Gen. xiv: 23. See whole chapter.    be great, but truly Ephraim. shall be
greater than he, and his seed shall
MYANAE N-[?,ga-na'-en,] a comnfor- become a multitude of nations."
ter, he that conducts them.       What a beautiful picture is here
3ANAEN was a prophet at Antioch, presented to our minds. The venerawho in comspany with Simon called ble patriarch in a dying condition, and
Niger, and Lucius of Cyrene, ap- his much loved, and long lost Joseph
pointed Paul and Barntabas to preach with his two sons receiving the father
inl other places.  The holy Ghost and grandf.ather's blessing, and the
bade them  set these two apostles tremblingvoice of the departing Patriapart to the work whereunto they arch is heard by them, saying, " The
were called.  "And when they had God which fed me all my lifelong
fasted and prayed and laid their hands unto this day, the angel which roon them they sent them away."  Acts, deemed me from  all evil, bless the
xiii: 1, 3.                         lads."




MAN                 [307]              MAN
In accordance with the prophecy of idolatry of the kingdom of Israel they
Jacob, the tribe of 11[anasseh was less turned to the kingdom of Judah thlat
numerous and honored than the tribe they mi.ht enj-oy the pure worship of
of Ephraim.  M3anasseh seems to God. 2d Chrlonicles xiii:: 19, xv:
have had  but two sons, they Nwere 9, &c.
Ashriel and Alachir. Ist Chron. vii:   We have aln -account in Isaiab, of
15. The latter was the son of a con- a civil war that the  lanassites were
cubine, she is called the Aramitess.   engaged in with Ephraim. In which
When. the Israelites departed from  the one did not spare the other, and yet
the land of Egypt, the warriors or thev two together were against Judah..
fighting nmen of v'3anasseh amounted   Many of the M:anassites went- into
to thirty-two thousand two hundred, captivity, and a part of themn retarnei
and their chief or commander was again fiom Babylon, and inhalbited the
Ga m a 1 i e 1 the son of Pedahzur. land of Cmaaan and dwelt in Jerusalem
Num. i: 10, We learn from  Num. the c )ital of Judah, in the days of its
ii: 20, that they had their po-ition glory. 1st Chron. ix: 3.
in the camp with Ephraim  and that
they marched next to  that tribe. MANASSEH, 2-forgeifulness, h e
Their spy who was to search the land    that is forgotten,
of Canaan was Gaddi, the son of Susi,   MANAssEH-  was a King of Judah,
Num. xiii: 11, and their prince to and the son and successor of King
divide the land after it was taken, Hezekiah. He was the son of Hephwas HRanniel, the  son of Ephod. zibah, Hezekiah's  wife.  Manasseh
Num. xxxiv: 23. The tribe of Mlam- was very young when he ascended the
asseh was divided and one half of throne of Judah, being but twelve
theim received  their inheritance in years of age when he began to reign,
one place and the other half in an- and he reigned fity-five years in the
other —they  are sometimes called city of Jerusalem. 2d Kings xxi: 1.
eastern and western  I a n assites.   He was a very wicked king, he disJoshua advised those of them who honored the throne of Judah, by rereceived their inheritance west of the buildog the high places which his
-river Jordan to increase their ter- father had broken down and destroyed.
ritory and advantages by expelling 5Manasseh welt into the gros.est idolathose Canaamites who were near them; try, for he established Baal's worshlip
but they did not expel from at least and planted gtoves in honor of his idols.
-five of the principal cities that they He went so far in idolatry as to to worinhabited. Judges, i; 27. Bethohean, ship the sun., moon and stars, and rear
Taanach     7 I)or, bleam and 3Iegiddo up altars in the court of the temple to
were stili inhabited by Canaamites.   these objects of his adoration. He
The tribe of Manasseh was noted in even set up one of his idols in the tenzmany respects.  There were several ple,'thus polluting it, and trampling
per s on s of eminence among the upon the commands of'God, as they
HeLre-ws that sprung from it. Gideonl were given to,David and Solomon, reandl Abimelech, Jair and Jepthah who garding the sanctity of the'temple.
were judges of Israel were Manassites. He caused his children to pass through
Barzillai the Gileadite, and Elijah the the fire in the "valley of the sons of
prophet were of the tribe of Manasseh. RHinnom."  -He -had intercourse with
About eighteen thousand of the devils and practised witchcraft and sorWestern Mlanassites, called the half cery, and it i isnot to be wondered at
tribe of Manasseb, assisted in the cor- that his subjects became impious and
onation ceremonies. They did however unholy. They-were even more wicked
as a tribe afterwards revolt from the' than the'Canaanites had ever been,
family of David with the other nine' who because of their wickedness and
tribes under Jeroboam  who became the' idolatry were driven out of their land.
king of Israel while flehoboam  ruled He not:only practiced thus wickedly,
in Judah. But in after ages when Asa but he compelled his subjects to follow
was King of Judah, many of the peo- his idolatrous ways, by murdering those
ple of Mi{anasseh who are c a  11 e d who refused.:He even made the streets
strangers, returned to the kingdom of of Jerusalem run down with innocent
Judah, and dwelt there. Abhoring the blood.




MAN                 [308-]              MAN
When the king of Assyria and Baby- M A N 0 A HJ{. —[Ma-no'-ah,] irest, a
Ion, (Esarhaddon) invaded the king-      present.
dom  of Judah and conquered it, he   MANOAH was the father of Samson,
found Manasseh hid among the thorns that great prodigy of human strength.
and carried him a prisoner to Babylon, He was, as we learn from Jud. xiii: 2,
having bound hini with fetters. While of the tribe of Dan and of the city of
Mannasseh was a captive in Babylon, Zorah, in the inheritance of that tribe.
he repented of his sins, besought the The wife of Manoah for a long time
Lord, his God in his afflictions and was childless. The angel of the Lord
humbled himself greatly. He. prayed appeared unto her and told her- that
earnestly to God for deliverance.. The she should conceive- and bear a son,
Lord heard his supplication-,, and in his and that that son should be a Nazarite
mercy and providence- restored h im  from  his birth.  She was. instructed
again to Jerusalem, his. kingdom  and by the angel to keep- herself fromt that
his throne.  Then he knew and ac-l time from the., slightest touch of wine
knQwledged the Lord as God.          /or strong drink, and to be careful not
As soon as lie was re-established on to eat any unclean ithing.. She was
the throne he partially forsook idolatry. also informed that her son should
"And he took away the. strange gods, deliver Israel out of the: hand and
and the idols out of the house of the power of the Philistines. Filled -with
Lord, and all the altars he had built in joy at the. promise of a son, she
the court of the temple, and around went quickly to her husband iManoah
the temple, on, the sacred mount, and informedl. him, of the revelation
and within the walls of Jerusalem, and that had been made to her. He at
cast them all out of the city. And lhe once credited  th-e revelation, and.
repaired the altar of the Lord and sac- earnestly entreated the Lord that the'
rificed thereon peace offerings;" and man of God that had appeared to his.
issued a royal order that Judalh should wife should appear again, that he
worship the Lord God of Israel. Yet: ight hear his declr-ations, and the init seems he permitted the high places structions regarding. the marnner of
to continue, and the people sacrificed raising the-child.
thereon. Mlannasseh, after this, forti-   Thl plrayer of IManoah wra.s answered,.
fled Jerusalem, and added a new city for the angel. appeared. again unto his:
on the west,side. For a history of his wife as she: sat in the field.. Without
life and. acts, see 2d Kings, xxi, and 2d waiting: to hear any revelations to be:
Chronicles, xxxiii. Then he died and made tfurther, she ran: and told ],fanoah,
was buried in royal pomp, in his own Imand in company with her he went out
garden, and was succeeded in the king- into the field to hold an interview with:
corm, by Amoen his son.              the angel. As he came near the visIt should not be forgotten, t h at itant, he said,  Art thou the manthat
though Manassehl was so very wicked,:spakest unto the woman? and he said,.
yet when he repented, and implored I am.*"  le then asked' the angel' to
forgiveness, God had' mercy on him, irepeat in his healing' the instructions
and though he had filled Jerusalem  regardding his coming son, and the angel:
with wailing andc. misery, by shedding rehearsed them.. MAanoahi, without hesiinnocent blood very much, ancd making tancy, believed the angel and asked
Judah to sin in doing that which was him to, remain awhile and. partake of
evil in. the sight of the Lord, yet he his hospitality.. Hle manifested a willwas returned to- his kingdom, and God ingness to be detained awhile, but redealt out mercy to his soul. Yet tenL- fused to eat bread with him. As lanporal punishment of the Jewish nation noah had proposed to kill a kid and
was still visited upon them, for their dress it, the angel bade him  kill the
sin in complying with; Manasseh's in- kid, but offer it as a burnt offering tojunctions, when trampling upon the the Lord, and he would tarry and take'
divine authority, and it may be that part in his devotions.  Manoah was
the fate of Amnion, his successor, whose filled with wonder, and ventured to askservants conspired against hinm, and the angel, "What isthyname?"  Tha
slew him in his own house, was in part angel, however did not tell him  his
punishment for the sin of ilannasseh, name, but as he prepared his kid withthe father.                          a meat offering, and offered- it upon a;




MAN [               1309]               MAR
Tock there in the field, and as the flame refuge when Saul sought after him.
enveloped the sacrifice upon that rude I st Sam. xxvii: 2.
altar, the angel did wondrously, thereby declaring his name "wonderful," -br [MAON —[Ma/'-on,] h-aouse crizme
he ascended in the flame thatconsumed   MAON was the son -ofShammai and
3Manoah's sacrifice up to heaven. The the -fuather;of Bethzur, or of the ingood man then realized that the visitant habitants of Bethzur.'We may supwas a divine personage, and ilmedi- pose this son of Maon gave the place
ately expressed his fears to his wife its name.  1st Chron. ii: 45.  We
that they would both die becauxse they have an account in 1st Sam. xxiii:
had seen God. But his wife'reasoned 24-25, of a wilderness called Maol, in
thus with himl: "If the Lord were which Da;vid.and his -men were conpleased to kill us, he would not have cealed when Saul was huntiun his life.
received a burnt offering and a meat In or near this wilderness Nabal, the
offerin[ at our hands, neither would he Carmelite,,dwelt.  1st'Sam. xxv: 2.
haEve shown us all -these things, nor It is possible thatthe wilderness.takes
would, at this time, have told us such its name fr'om 3Ieon.
things as theseC'                       There was also a tribe of Arabians
Sanmson was born,.and Manoah ob- called MaonRtes, referred to in.Judges.served the divine injanctions regarding x: 12, who may have received their
him; and he often thought -of the in- cdesignation from this person, thouga
terview le hhad with the:angel a.s the he was of the family of Caleb.
child grew, and the Lord blessed him;
and especi-ally did he recur in his MARK-polite, shinin.g
thoughts and feelings to that scene as  MARK, the EV angelist, was the son
the spirit of the Lord rested upon the of one Mary, in whose house Peter
young man and began to molve him to found the Christians prayinTg  for his
deliver Isradl.                      deliverance fiomn prison, at the time he
At length Samsinson determined to' escaped,under the guidance and with
marry the woman of Timnath, and told the assistance of an angel. Acts, xii.
his fther and his mother, and bade   He wmote the gospel which bears his
them get her for him as a.wife.  Ma- name, and in it he begins with the'noah ventured an obj-ection to-Samson preaching of John the Baptist.  He
to marrying that woman, as she didcl relates se —eral of the scenes and cirnot belong to the tribe of Dan, or in- cumstances recorded in. 1atthew's gosdeed to the Israelitish stock, which pel somewhat:abridged; and-to some
would be a violation of law regarding" of the parables, &c., he adds several
nar.riage; but, Samson insisted upon particulars which further illustrate the
it that she should be his wife.,He subject. It will be seen bycomparing
thecfore said unto his father, "e-ct his gospel with that;of Miatthew, that
her for mc,,for she pleas!eth me well.  he has added'several important miraIt seems'to hakve been the divine will cles, as, the cure of the demoniac, the
that Samson should marry this woman, cure of a deaf man at Decapolis, and a
but Manoah'knew it not. Manoah and blind one at Bethsaida.
his wife went down with their son to  AMark was the cousin of -Barnabas,
Timnath to,consummate the marriage and,'as we learn in Acts, xii: 25, acthat he had determined upon, so far as companied those apostles as they travforming the.espousals. After this was eled'together preaching the gospel. He
done they returned again to their'home, went -with them as far as Perga in lesand about a year -after that, we sup- ser Asia, but when he:found that they
pose,-sinee one year was the time usu- were intending to go to Pamphylia and
ally that elapsed between espousing other places, he deserted them and reand wedding_-Manoah went down'with turned to Jerusalem. After some time
Samson again,'and the marriage con- Paul and Barnabas went to Jerusalem
tract'was consummated.'See Judges, to attend a council o. the apostles, at
xiii-and xiv.                        the close of which they were about
starting out on another tour together,
M[AOCII -[Ma'-ok.]                   when'Barnabas certified his intention
He was the father of Achish, the of taking his cousin Mark with him.
king ofG'-Gath,  th whoml David found Paul.was opposed to it, and openly.ob



MAR                 [310]               MAR
jected, giving as a reason that Mark the Savior is a complaint, "C(arest:
had once deserted them when laboring thou not that my sister hath left me
in that field before. Barnabas would to serve alone? bid her therefore that
not give up to  Paul, but insisted she come and help me."  Jesus in his
that Mark should go with them. The answer commended Mary, and in a
contention was so sharp that they mild yet forcible mlanner reproved
parted, Paul choosing another compan- M a r t h a: " Thou art caretful and
ion, and Barnabus taking Mark with troubled about imany things, but one:
him to Cyprns.                       thing, is needful, and   Mary hath
Mark was afterwards reconciled to chosen that good part which shall not
Paul, and was with him  at Rome, be taken away from her."  He probawhere he was very useful to him, as bly intended to reprove her for so
may be seen by the salutations to the much care and. anxiety' and trouble in
Collossians.  Col. iv: 10. He is also providing, to entertain  hinL with a.
referred to in the salutations of the great variety of the good things of
Epistle to Philenmon, 24th verse. And this life, when he was constantly enfrore 2d Tim. iv: 11, we learn that the gaged in pressing' the interests of the
apostle Paul desired Mark to return soul upon the attention of the chil —
fromn Asia, whitlher he had sent him,'dren of men. Andc in this strikinig
to Rome, where he might be with him, manner, he taught her that the salvabecause he was profitable, to him for tion of the soul was more important
the m1inistry                        than all things else.  Though the
Mark seems to have been with the Savior saw fit to reprove3 M3artha,.
apostle Peter' at the time he wrote his yet Nve can see some things in this ac —
first Epistle, for in the salutation fi'om  count to adclmire in her. She loved.
Chnaldea, beside the church that was at the Savioi, and was evidencing that
Babylon, he says "Marcus my son love in love  poviing for him.  She puts
saluteth you."  1st Peter, v: 13. It is many of the present day to the blush,,
thought that i[ark afterwards preached in that she peronbried the. labor of
in Egypt and Cyrene, and that he was providing for guests - she  workec.put to death by a cruel mob.         with her own hands..
A short time before the ministry of
MA.RTHEA — MaY'tha,] oho becomes Jesus closed-Lazarus the brother of'
bitter.                          Martha and Mary- was taken siek`
MA3/L I AT. was the sister of Lazarus'his sisters felt that his case was a.
who was raised from the dead, and of critical one, and they sent for Jesus
the,Mary of Be thany. Martha was saying, John,. xi:'3.''-Lord,. behold,.
in all probability-the elder of the two he whom  thou lovest is sick."  In
sistems, and the mistress of the: house, the message they sent they urged him:
and she. may-have, been as some sup- in all probability to  come without'
pose, a widow with -whom  Lazarus delay to Bethany and cure him. Jeher' brother, and  Mary her sister sus did not go at once but remained.
lived.                               where he was two days longer.  In.When. Jesus went to Bethany hte the. meantiie he had intimated to his
enjoyed the hospitality-of this family, disciples the course he had deter —
and we have an account in the:10th nmined. to take with  regard. to his
chapter of the gospel of St. Luke, of friend.  And when he started for'
one of these visits.  Martha was ex-, Bethany lhe said, "Our friend Lazaceedingly anxious to entertain her rus sleepeth, but I go that I may'
distinguished guest hospitably, and. awake hilm out of sleep." HI-e umeant
shel made. arrangements to this effect.. by this, Lazarus is dead, but that I
But in- the.: labor of providing. a am. going to raise hini fiom the dead.
splendid repast,. she dclesired the assis- In accordance  with  this deterlmintance of her sister Yfary, and it seems ation he went, and  w l e n he had.
did not get it, on account thereof she reached the outskirts of the town,.
comlplained to the Savior that Mary. Martha.who had heard that he was
had left her to serve alone.. While coming, went out to meet him, and'.
she was performing the labor her poured out the bitterness of the sorrowr
sister was enjoying the company and of her soul in the touching sentence,
teachings of Christ.. Her address to. 6' Lord,, if thou. hadst been, here M1n




MAR                 [311]               MAlR
brother had not died."  Jesus knew  Jacob.  Matthew, i: 16. She was
full well the anguish of her aching espoused to Joseph, when selected to
heart, as he said, " Thy brother shall be the mother of the world's redeemer.
rise again."  She knew that, and ex-   She had been the subject of prophecy,
pressed her faith in the doctrine of but did not know it until the angel of
the resurrection by saying, " I know  the Lord announced it unto her.'When
that he shall rise again in the resur- informed that the important prophecy
rection at the last day."  Jesus said should be fulfilled in her, "Behold a
to her, "I am  the resurrection and virgin shall conceive a n d bear a son,
the life; he that believeth  in me, and shall call his name Immanuel."
though he were dead,  yet shall he she  was filled with joy.  When she
live. And he asked MIartha the sig- learned that from her should come the
nificant question, "believest th o u Messiah, in her faith and piety, and
this?" she replied that she believed devotion to God, she exclaimed, "Behe was the Christ, the son of the liv- hold the handmaid of the Lord, be it
ing God.                              unto me according to thy word," and
She then went and informed her when a few days after, she was in comsister that the master had come, and pany with her cousin Eiisabeth, and
desired an interview with her. After- received an expression marking her as
wards, the Savior went with the two this honored personage, she broke out
sisters to the gr:tve of their brother. in rapturous strains of praises to God,
And when he ordered them to remove saying, "'; My soul doth magnify the
the stone, Mlartha, ventured an objee- Lord, and my spirit h ath rejoiced in
tion. She thought the corpse would God, my Savior, &c."'
be offensive, as he had been dead four   in this sublime song, which is the
days already. But Jesus, as was his first piece of' poetry in the New Testaintention when hIe went to the grave mlent, there is an offering, on the part
with them, restored him to life, and of Mary, to God, for what had been
to the society of the sisters.  Lazarus done for herself, for what he had done
camle forth with his grave clothes against his enemies, and for what lie
about him, and in the presence of the lhad done, and was about to do for his
company of sympathizing Jews, he church. fHow different was the conembraced his sisters from whom  he duct of Mtary, and her expressions,
had been parted four days.            when advised by the angel of the birth
Six days before the Savior's cruci — of Christ, and the conduct of Zachafixion, he lodged again with his Beth- rias, when informed of the birth  of
any friends.  John, xii: 1-8. And John.  While Zacharias hesitated to
Lazarus, whom he had raised from the believe the announcement, she believed
dead, was one of those that sat with it with all her soul.
himl at the table, while Martha per-   It was during an edict of Cesar Auformed the same part she had been gustus, taxing the subjects of his emaccustomed to when they had enter- pire, and requiring each one to go to
tainedl himl  at their house before-  their own city to register their namet,
Martha served."  She first engaged that Mary and Joseph were at Bethlein preparing the repast, and then pre- hem, the city of David.  And while
sided at the table, or served those dis- they were there, the world was blessed
tinguished guests with that which had with the promised Savior.  The gloribeen provided.                        ous event transpired that has dispelled
the darkness of earth, and lit up the
MBARY, 1 —[Ma/-ry,] exalted, bitter- moral world-Jesus Christ was born.
ness of the sea, nmistress of the sea.   During the stillness of that melora 
*lMAlY, T-IE VIRGIN, was of the fanl- hble night, which the christian world
ily of Hell, vwho was descended from  designates the twenty-fourth of DecemDavid, Judah and Abraham.  Luke ber, the Son of Man was born in an
gives her genealogy in the  third humble place, the manger of a stable.
chapter of his gospel, calling Joseph,   While t h e inhabitants of Heavebe
her husband, the son of Heli, because were looking on with intense anxiety, a
he was the son-in-law of Heli, having command was given from  the eternal
married his daughter Mary. Joseph, throne, to a swift winged angel, to go tao
the husband of Mary, was the son of the fields of Bethlehem, and tell the



MIAR                 [312]               MAR
slhepherds the glorious news.  Quick as with infinite interest.  He saw in the
thought, the angel sped to the spot and pious woman before him, one greatly
arrestecl the attention of the watchers, honored of God, and in the lovely babe,
who at first were alarmed, but hearing  he beheld the Lord's anointed.  And
the Toice of the angel, saying, "Fear takingthe-child in his arms, his nature's
not, for behold we bring you glad tid- fliickerln fire flashed high, as under the
in'ss of great joy, which shall be to spirit's inspiration he gave his testimony
all people, fbr unto you is born this day, to Christ's Messiahship: " Lord now
in the city of David, a Savior, which is lettest thou thy servant depart in peace,
Christ, the Lord," the fears of the for mline eyes hlave seen thy salvation."
shepherds were allayed.  And they left Simeon thus resigned himself to a disthe field and their flocks, and wvent to missal fromi  earthly labor and enjoyBethlellhem.  There they found it as the ment, at the will of God, having lived
angel had said.                       lonyg enough to see the long expected
As they looked upon the tender babe Messiah. and hence have the grand aim
lying beside its mother in the manger, and desire of his life accomplished.
they were led to adore him as the Savior   In addition  to the testimony  of
of mankind.                           Simeon to Christ's  Messiahship, Maiy
After eight days were accomplished, was cheered by the testimony of an
true to the requirements of the Jewish aged  holy widow, who entered  the
law, Mary named her child, and conse- temple while Siileon was exultin.  Folor
crated him to God. And at the. end of Anna " spake of him to 11ll  eim  that
forty days, she presented herself with looked for redemption in Jerusalem. "
her child at the temple, having brought   Because of the spirit of persecution
the sacrifice to offer, that the Jewish in Herod the King of the Jews, Mary
women presented at the end of the days was instructed by an angel to flee with
of their purification.  And it is worthy her child into Egypt, and she did, reof remark, that the mother of Jesus Imaining there until the death of the
Christ was poor, and her sacrifice on wicked tyrant. After this the angel of
this occasion indicates it. "She offered the Lord directed her to the land of
a pair of turtle doves, or two young Israel, and in company with Joseph her
pigeons, in the stead of a lamb. Thus husband, and the child Jesus, she went
we behold her taking the benefit of a to Nazaireth, which after that became
law underthe Levitical economy enacted her place of residence.
especially for the poor. The law re-   Mary faithfully performed the part
ferred to is recorded in Lev. xii: 8. of a mother for her son, and Jesus in
" And if she be not able to bring a turn entertained the kindest regards,
lamtb, then she shall bring two turtles, and  the most tender and endearing
or two young pigeons, the one for a affection fer her.
burnt-offering, and the other for a sin-   She took him with her to the temoffering."'   Well may it be said of pie to worship God in the celebration
Christ,'"le who was rich, for our of the annual feasts, after he was
sakes became poor."                   twelve years of age. She looked upon
But whilst liary entered the temple him with joy, "as he grew and waxed
with tlhe child Jesus, the attention of strong in spirit; was filled with wisan aged and devout man, one very re- dom and the grace of God."
marklable for his piety, was arrested by   The evangelist gives us an interesther approach. This aged  man  had inug account of the attendance of the
long been waiting for the " consolation son of Mairy at the annual feast. His
of Israel," and in his services in the parents returned toward home a day's
temple, had often spoken rapturously  journey, before they found he was
-of the coming Redeemer. HEe saw her not with them. As the men and woas she approached, bearing her tender men traveled in companies by theminfant in her arms, and as he looked his selves, and sometimes the children
nature was strangely touched; his vis- were with the men, and sometimes
ion dinlned with age, was suddenly they were with  the women, Mary
cleared.  The hand of the Lord was supposed he was in the company of
upon him, and the divine spirit was the men, but night came and Jesus
vwithin him, and favoring him with a was not with them. She returned to
eve!ation regarding the child fraught the temple in search of him, and she




MAR                 [313]              M1AR
found him  there sitting among the Jesus, and it may be, witnessed his
teachers of religion, asking them  miracles. She was present at Jerusaquestions and requesting answers to lem at the last Feast of the Passover
his enquiries. The anxieties of Mary Jesus celebrated before his passion.
for him in the search were all gone, She saw all that was transacted there
for the lost one was found. Approach- in all probability, and she stood near
ing the child Jesus, she said with Christ's cross while he was suffering
fond affection, "thy father and I have the agonies of crucifixion. Ah, and
sought thee sorrowing."  Mary re- she realized the truth of the aged
ceived his answer, "Wist ye not that 1Simeon's declaration, "Yea, a sword
I must be about my father's business," shall pierce through thine own soul
and laid it up in her heart as she had also."  Who can suppose, even, the
laid up other sayings.              anguish of Mary's heart, when she?~Mary was probably present at the stood beside her suffering son, expirbaptism of Christ by John in Jordan, ing on the Roman cross. Jesus, amid
and so saw him as he entered upon the pains of death, looked down and
his work of teaching. She engaged, saw his widowed and weeping mother,
it may be, in the devotions of that and moved with feelings of true affecsacre d hour, when to "fulfill all tion, he said, " woman, behold thy
righteousness," Jesus was baptized, son."  Turning his eyes from  tMary,
and she was one of those that looked his mother, he fixed theim upon John,
wonderingly and adoringly at the Holy the beloved disciple, who a few hours
Ghost in the bodily shape of a dove, before, had leaned on his breast at
sitting upon his head. It may be she the Eucharistic feast, deeply moved
was of those who heard the voice in sympathy and sorrow, he saicl:
that come down from heaven-" This " Behold thy mother."   By this exis my beloved son1 in whom I am well pression, he gave his mother in charge
pleased."'                          of John, and "from that hour, that
She was present at the marriage in disciple took her unto h is vwn  hus&"
Canra, of Galilee, where he performed
the first miracle attesting the glory of M1VARY, 2-Ey xalted, biuttrtess qf the
his character, and she perfornied an    sea, Imistress of the sea.
interesting part on that occasion. She   MARY, the wife of Cleopas, was a
approached him  when the necessity disciple of Christ,, and was the mother
existed for more wine in the feast, of James the less, of Joses, Simon,
and said to him, " 3[My son, the wine is and of Judas. She is also supposed
out," and though his answer seemed to have been the sister of the Virgin
to be somewhat indirect and strange, MIary; hence her children are repreyet she said to them, "whatsoever he sented as the kinsmnen of our Lord.
saith unto you, do it."  She seemed They were his kindred according to
to understand that he was about to the flesh. That she was the sister of
work a miracle.                     the Virgin MIary is evident from John,
M/tary was in the synagogue at Naza- xix: 25: " Now, there stood by the
reth on the mlemorable Sabbath that cross of Jesus, his mother and his
Jesus entered it, and unrolled the mother's sister, Mary, the wife of
manuscript to read from the prophet Cleopas," &c. And the fact that she
Isaiah, and comment upon a noted was the mother of James, Joses, &c.,
prophecy of himself describing the is evident from  Matthew's presentac h a r a c t e r and effect of his works. tion of the crucifixion scene.  Hle
" The spirit of the Lord God is upon says, Matt. xxvii: 56:  "And many
me, because he h hath anointed me to women were there, among which were
preach the gospel to the poor; he hath Mary N~ a g d e 1 e n e, and Mary the
sent me to heal the broken-hearted, mother of James and Joses."
to preach deliverance to the captives;   This Mary was an early believer in
and recovering of sight to the blind, Christ, and attended him in many of
to set at liberty them that are bruised, his journeys; and with others she
to preach the acceptable year of the ministered unto him; and she shared,
Lord."                              in common with other disciples that
She often listened with admiration attended him, his trials.  She was
and devoutness to the teachings of present at the last passover, when the




MAR                  [314]               MAR
holy supper was instituted; and she " Bid her, therefore, that she colme
mingled in the sorrowing company and help me."  The Savior reproved
that followed Jesus to calvary. She her for her dissatisfaction, and conmstood b e s i d e the anguish-stricken. mended Mary for her course. As often
mother (her sister) during the tragic as Jesus visited this family he found
passion of her son.  When Joseph, Mary constant and devoted to him, as
of Arimethea, took the lifeless form  well as to her own spiritual interest.
from the cross to inter it in his own   As acquaintance increased, the affectomb, she was present and assisted in tion of Jesus for these two sisters inpreparing the body for burial. She creased, until, when Lazarus died, and
engaged, withl mournful pleasure, with the sisters poured out the feeling of
t,he little company that a ttended  their sorrowing and bereaved hearts
Joseph to the garden, and wept at his into his ear, it so deeply affected him
burial.                               that he wept with them.  See him as
Having performed the office of bur- he approaches the little town, knowing
ial, in company with other women she as he did that Lazarus was dead-Marreturned to the city, and  prepared  tha and Mary meet him  and express
spices and ointments for embalming the sorrow of their hearts by saying,
the body after the Sabbath.  Luke,' Lord, if thou hadst been here my
xxiii: 56: "And they returned and brother had not died."  He symlpaprepared spices and ointments, and thizes with them in their anguish, and
rested the Sabbath day," &c. Very intimates his determination to bring
early on the morning of the first day their brother back to earth.  He atof the week she went, with others, to tends them to the sepulcher and minthle sepulcher to perform  this work. gles true tears with theirs; but he calls
Having arrived, to the astonishment their brother back to earth and restores
of all the company they found the him to their arms and hearts.
sepulcher eumpty and the body gone.   A few days before the Passover, after
Two angels appeared in shining rai- Jesus raised Lazarus from the dead, he
ment and declared that Christ was came to Bethany, and being invited to
risen.  In   o m p a ny with all the sup with Simon, he accepted the invi-7
women that attended her, e x c e p t tation, and Mary, her sister, and LazaMary Magdalene, she went back to rus, who had been raised from  the
the city to tell the disciples the lan- dead, were invited  guests. It was
guage of the angels.                  whilst this company were together that
Mary, the wife of Cle-opas, appears Mary took a pound of costly ointment
th us as a disciple of the despised of very pleasant perfume, and poured
Nazarene.  One of the last at the it upon the head of the Savior, and the
cross, and one of the first at the sep- whole house was filled with the odor of
uleher, and one of the first to declare the perfume. There was one present
his resurrection.                     who objected to this anointing, and
possibly there were others besides that
MARY, 3 —[Ma/ry,] exalted, bitter- one; but Jesus commended her for it.
Less of the sea, mbistress of the sea. " She hath wrought a good work on'MARdY, the sister of Lazarus, lived me; she is cone aforehand to annoint
with her sister Martha and their brother my body to the burying."  Thus Mary
at Bethany, a small town not far from  is presented as having done the very
Jerusalem.  When the Savior visited work that the illustrious women spoken
this town he was entertained at their of went to the sepulcher on the nmornhouse  Luke, x: 38-42.  " Martha re- ing of the resurrection to do.
ceived him into her house; " but while
Martha cordially received him, and MAIRY, 4.-Exalted. bitterness of the
made preparations to entertain  him       sea, mistress of the sea.
hospitably, Mlary took her position as a   MARY, THIE 2MOTHER OOF MtARK. She
disciple of Jesus, an enquirilng scholar. was a disciple of Christ, won by the
She listened attentively to his instrue- apostles, who lived at Jerusalem, and
tions, and thought it an honor to sit at by many it is supposed that her house
his feet.  Martha complained to the was the place where the persecuted folSavior that Alary had lefR her to pro- lowers of Christ met, and where they
vide the repast alone, and she said, prayed and encouraged  one another




MAR                  [3153               MAR
with words of exhortation, even after that she would have been allowed to
their nmaster was taken firom them  and follow Christ and his apostles, as shle
put to death.  Her house furnished the did  from  city to city.  She appears
room where Christ showed himself to beautiful to us, as her character is dehis disciples after his resurrection in all veloped as a disciple.  ConstanIt an11
probability, and where they assembled kind in her ministrations to the Savior
after the ascension and received the in life, she was true to hil  at his
Holy- Ghost,, qualifying them for their crucifixion, and to the body when in
high and holy vwork.                   the grave. The circumstance of her
During the severe persecutions of remaining at the sepulcher when the
clhristians by IHerod, when James, the other woman returned to the city would
brother of John, was kiiled by the seem to indicate that her love for the
sword, her house was probably  the Savior excelled the love of tlhe other
place where the faithful disciples as- women.  It may be possible that the:
semlbled and prayed.                   Savior had  done more for her than
Peter was cast into prison during this for either of the others, yet we can -by
persecution, and was guarded by six- no means conceive that shle'was prostiteen soldiers, four of them  serving on tute and vicious, as solme think, before:
each  watch.  But while Peter was she becamle Christ's disciple.
there bound and guarded, "prayer was   She was one of the womecn who fol.
made without ceasing of the church lowed Jesus in his last journey to Jeruunto God for him.'' And on the night saleml, and was near the cross beside
before he was to be brought forth by the Virgin 3Mary when le was crucified.
Herod from the prison, lie was deliv- After the crucifixion and the 1body was
ered by an angel of the Lord. The intcerred, she went with other women to
angel awoke him from lhis prison sleep Jerusalemn to buy and prepare the nesand bade him bind on his sandals and cessary articles for embalmang the body
follow him out; and le did.  LHe fol- after the Sabbath. Early on the mornlowed the angel through the different ing of the first day of the week in comapartmlents to the outer gate, which pany with Mary, the mother of James,
opened of its own accord. Soon, with and with Salolle and other women, she
the angel, he was threading his way started for the sepulcher. They had
along the streets of the city toward the not proceeded far, when a difficulty prehouse of Mary.  Before they reached sented itself to the minds of some of
her house, the angel left Peter, and be- the women.  And one of theni said,
ing satisfied that he was at liberty-was " we are going to embalmn the body, but
really delivered out of the hand of who shall roll us away the stone fronm
his enemies-he went to the house of the door of the sepulcher."  As they
this good woman and found many were sonear, notwithstanding the diffi-.
gathered together praying.  I-e went culty, they proceeded, and coming to
into their midst and declared how the the garden, and approaching the tom-lb,
Lord had delivered him out of the hand to their astonishment they saw  " that
of his enemies.                       the stone was rolled away," and as they
Ml{ary, the mother of Mark, was then examined still further, they saw "' that
a disciple of Christ in the apostolic age, the body was gone."  Soon two angels
and furnished them  with a place of appeared, and they were aifrighted but
worship in perilous times.            their fears were allayed as the angels
said to them: "HIe is not here but
~MARY, 5 —Exalted, bitterness of the is risen;"  and further they charged
sea, mistress of the sea.         the women to go and tell Peter and the
MARY was probably called Mnagdalene other apostles, that Jesus was risen,
as a disciple of Christ to distinguish and that he would appear unto them in
her fromt the other Marys, Magdala Galilee. The women ran to tell the
in Galilee being the place of her resi- news.  It may be Maryv IMagdalene
dence, and it may be her birth place. herself went, but if she did, she soon
She was a devoted disciple of Christ, returned to the sepulcher; and there
and probably a woman of very great all alone she stood weeping.   She
respectability previous to her following mourned the absence of the body of
Christ.  If she had not been a woman her Lord. The thought that pressed
of respectability, it is not at all likely itself upon her mind as she stood weep



MAR                [316]               MAT
ing, she could not endure, (that she adoring rapture, first of all the diswould see that lovely form no lmore,) ciples, upon the risen and glorified
and the anguish of her heart was told form  of him  who conquered death
in sighs and crying and tears.      and cleared the way for man to the
She was not unobserved in her sor- joys of immortality.
row, for, as she stooped down and
looked into the sepulcher, she saw IMASH.
two angels-probably the same angels   MASH was probably the same as
that had been seen before, but they Meshech, the fourth son of Aram,
had changed their position.  N ow and the grandson of Shem. Gen. x:
they were sitting "the one at the head 23. In 1st Chron. i: 17, he is called
and the other at the feet where the Meshech. He was probably the flther
body of Jesus had lain."  John, xx:  of Moreheni, or as they are called,
12.  They saw the anguish of her Masians, who are said to have resided
heart, and, a d d re ssing her, said: in the south part of Armenia. There
"WVoman, why weepest thou?"  She is a mountain near there called Mt.
answered that she was weeping be- Masius, and now called Mazeka, to
cause of the absence of the body of which probably the descendants of
her Lord. Just then another voice Mash or Meshech, gave these names.
fell upon her car, saying:  Wt oman,
why weepest thou?  Whom seekest MASSA-[Mas'-sah,] templ tion.
thou?"  She, supposing the one now   MASSA  was the son of Ishmael,
addressing her to be the gardener, and the grandson of AbrahaLm. Gen.
saith unto him: "Sir, if thou hast xxv: 14.
boime him hence, tell me where thou
hast laid him, and I will take him  MATRIt-[iMa'-tri,] rain, prison.
away."  Scarcely had this sentence   We have no special account of this
died upon her lips until a well knownl personage except where Saul, the son
voice fell upon Fher ear, and that voice of Kish was selected and proclaimed
proceeded from the person who was king of Israel.  Samuel caused the
speaking to her in the question above. tribes of Israel to pass before him
He s a i  to her:' Mary."  S he and the tribe of Benjamin was taken
stopped not a moment to reflect, for He then caused the tribe of Benja.
he who now  called her name had min to pass before him, and the faindone it frequently before, and she re- ily of Matri was taken.   He ther
cognized the voice as the voice of her caused the family of Mlatri to pasis.
Lord. Turning herself; she said unto before him, and Saul the son of Kish
him:  "' labboni,' which is to say of that family was taken. IHe is thus
Master."  Overpowered with joy she presented as one of Saul's progenifell at his feet and embraced him. tors. 1st Sam. x.
He said unto her: "Touch me not,
for I am  not yet ascended to my MATTAN —The reins, the death of
Father; but go to my brethren and       thenm.
sa y unto them, I ascend unto my   MATTAN Was a priest of Baal that
Father and your Father; to my God was slain before the altar of his false
and your God."  After this, Mary God, during the reformation from
Magdalene went to the disciples and idolatry under Jehoiada the priest.
told them that she had seen the Lord, at the time he crowned Jehoash in
and that he had spoken these things the place of the wicked Athaliah. 2d
unto her.                           Kings, xi: 18; 2d Chron. xxiii: 17.
Thus she appears as the first witness of the truth of the crowning MATTANIAIH-[Mat-ta-ni'ah.]
doctrine of Christianity-the resur-   MATTANaii was one of the oticers
rection of Jesus Christ firom the dead. aulong the singers and players on mlusiThus, while the Virgin Mary was cal instruments. 1st Chron. xxv: 21.
honored in being the mother of the David formed the several orders of
world's Redeemer, and in beholding priests, dividing by lot into twenty-four
him first when he entered this sin- courses.
defiled world, Mary Magdalene's love   Miattaniah was the second son of
was rewarded as she looked w i t h Heman, one of fourteen sons whose




MfAT               [317] M3AT
names are given in 1st Chron. xxv: 4, 1whole need not a physician, but they
and he had three sisters. These offi- that are sick." Itwas the sin-sick that
cers were blessed with the spirit of needed a Divine Physician, and he was
prophecy.  "A11 these were the sons come into the world not to call the
of Heman the king's seer, in the words righteous, but sinners to repentance.
of God to lift up the horn," i. e., the   We have an account in MIatthew x:
horn of prophecy, to sound with the 3; Mark, iii: 18:  Luke, vi: 15, of his
trumpet in the words of prophecy be- being numbered with tie apostles.
fore the Lord. The ninth lot was apl-   Matthew was one of the evangelpointed to M1attaniah.               ists who wrote a history of Christ,
which is the gospel bearing his name,;
MIATTHRAN.                           and it was probably the first of the
-M A-TTHAN was the son of Eleazar, gospels written, and, for that reason
who is referred to in the genealogy of mainly, was placed first in order. His
Christ, as given by Matt. i: 15-16. gospel begins by showing the royal
There we learn that Matthan was the descent and g e n e a 1 o gy of Jesus
father of Joseph the husband of iMary, Christ. He gives us an account of
the mother of Christ.                the birth, life, and labors of Christ.
Many of his conversations and disMATTHEW —[Mat'thew,] g ive n a courses are recorded, and the mira7reward.                         cles he performed attesting his divinATTEIEW  i s  o m e n e tie   s ecalled ity, and the glory of his character.
Levi, the son of Alpheus. He was The sermon of our Lord upon the
born in Galilee-was a devout Jew in mount is beautiful, and inimitable; also
his religion-but was a tax gatherer. the life and various conversations of
His residence, it seems, was at Caper- Christ as given by this evangelist.
naulm, the place that Jesus adopted H-e seems to enter into the particuas a place of residence when he left lars more than either of the others,
Nazareth, and called it his "own city.." and gives, more abundantly, rules for
His office as a publican, was near the the conduct of life, with lessons of
sea of Galilee, and it was while Jesus pure morality.  It may be said of
was by the sea side that he saw Mat- Matthew, he has all the characterthew sitting at the receipt of customs, isties of a good historian-sufficiently
and bade him  follow him. Matthew, plain, and yet dignified.
ix: 9; Mark, ii: 14; Luke, v: 27.   After Matthew  was called to the
Ie seems to have had but little hesi- wor k and office of an apostle, he,
tancy, for without stopping to arrange seems to have been a constant witness
hlis affairs or settle up his business, he of Christ's works, and a hearer of his
followed the Sa v i o r and identified words. Hie attended on his MIaster's
himselfat oncewith Christ's followers. person, when before the public, as
It was not long after Matthew was also when in private. 1Ie saw very
called to be a disciple, that he gave an many of the miracles that were perentertainment at his house to Jesus, formed, and was, with his brethren,
and invited other publicans with him- t Ih e apostles, a witness of Christ's
self to be present, and enjoy the coin- resurrection; and he was also at the
pany of this distinguished personage. Mount of Olives when J e s u s asIt would seem from Mark, ii: 15, that cended. After the ascension he rethe comlpany was quite large.  "Mlany mlained in Jerusalem, and was with
publicans and sinners sat with Jesus them, in the upper room, on the day
and his disciples," and as MAatthew of' Pentecost, when they received the
had been before them, they became Holy Ghost to qualify them for their
prejudiced in his favor and followed high and holy work.
him.                                   It is not known how long he reThis occasioned a complaint among mained in Judea after the descent of
the Pharisees against Jesus and his the H-loly Ghost on the day of Pentecourse.  They said to his disciples, cost, nor how long he lived and la"I-low is it that he eateth with publi- bored, nor when and where lie died.
cans and sinners?"  Jesus heard their His labors we-re confi.ned mostly to
censure, and justified his conduct be- Judea, probably, and he wrote his
fore them by saying, "They that be gospel, there ior the Jewish nation,




MAT                [318]              AfAT
the object evidently being to confirm  viz: Barnabas and Matthias, one of
those who had believed in Christ, and whom they would choose.  But the
to convert to the Christian faith those apostles, it may be, were divided in
who w e r e unconverted. From  his their opinion, some of them. being in
gospel we gather that he wished the favor of the one, and some in favor of
Jews to conpare the circumstances, the other.  They all wished to do
as he had narrated them, of the birth, right, but differed in opinion as to
life, labors, death and resurrection of which of them was the proper person.
Jesus, with their ancient prophecies They were both good men, eminently
relative to the Messiah. He wrote qualified for the position, as they had
early in the apostolic age-perhaps in both been with Christ all through his
the year of our Lord, 38.           ministry. But the apostles feared to
MVlattlhew probably p r e a c h e d the make the selection, lest they might
gospel in other countries as did the err. They accordingly resorted to a
other apostles, and, like them all, ex- long established custom  among the
cept John, died a martyr.           people of God, that of casting lots.
This was a custom with ancient JIsrael.
MATTThIAS -[IMat-thi'-as,] the gift When a doubtful matter Was to be
of the Lord.                    settled, and the counsel of those coniATTH I AS was a disciple of Jesus cerned was insufficient to settle it, they
Christ; it is probable one of his carli- asked of God divine guidance.  The;est disciples. From  Acts i: 21, 22, ancient priests consulted the Urimand
we may judge that Matthias was one Thummim, or Breastplate of Judgof the disciples of John, the Baptist, ment. mIoses was directed to settle
and was present at the baptism  of the vexed question as to the priesthood
Christ by John in Jordan. He may in the family of Aaron, and it was dehave been one of thos6 who saw the termined by the rod of Aaron budding
Holy Spirit descending, and in the and blooming. and bearing almonds
form of a dove lighting upon the head in a night. &oshua was directed by
of Jesus, and he may have heard the the Divine Being how to determine
voice of the Father saying: " This is the transgressor in the accursed thing
my beloved Son in whom I am well before the victory could be had at  Ai.
pleased." IHe heard the testimony of Jonah, when eawaked from his sleep
John concerning Christ, and became in the sides of the ship, storm-driven
a firm believer in Christ and his Mes- on the voyage to Tarshish, agreed to
siahship; and according to the account cast lots to determine who as a trans-:given above we judge that the course gressor was the cause of the storm,
of  Matthias was marked with fidelity and when the lot fell upon Jonah he
to Jesus through his whole mission. confessed his sin, and they cast him
It;s declared of him that he compa- overboard. The wise man had refernied with the disciples all the time ence to this custom, and makes a statethat the Lord Jesus went in and out ment of it in the following language,
armong them, beginning from John's Prov. xvi: 33: " The lot is cast into
baptism until Christ ascended up into the lap, but the whole disposing thereheaven.                             of is of the Lord."
tt is thought that Matthia-s was one   When the apostles were all ready:of the seventy commissioned by our to fill the vacancy, they prayed thus:
Lord to preach and teach.           "Thou Lord, w h i c h knowest the
Judas, one of the twelve apostles,- hearts of all men, show whether of
had fallen, having wickedly betrayed these two thou hast chosen, that he
his Lord for thirty pieces of silver, may take part of this ministry and
and his bishopric was thereby va- apostleship, from which Judas by
cated. Peter proposed to fill the va- transgession  fell, that he might go to
cancy; and the apostles all agreed his own place."  They then cAst lots,
that one who had been a constant wit- and the lot fell upon Matthias, and he
ness of Christ's miracles, who had was numbered with the eleven. Acts
heard his teachings and had seen his i: 15-26. After he had thus entered
sufferings, should be the successor of the apostleship, he began preaching as
the fallen Judas.  They therefome se- an apostle. Where he labored, and:lected from among the disciples two, how long is not certain. The Greeks




BIAT                [319]               MEL
believe he preached at Colchis, and sacred writings. He was one of the
died there. And it is quite likely that six sons of Keturah, whose names are
his death, like others of the apostles, given in Gen. xxv: 2. Where the dewas the death of a martyr, though we secendants of Medan settled is not cerhave no certain account of it.       tainly known; but it is thought they
dwelt in that part of Arabia Petrea
M3ATTITHIAH- [Mat-tit;h-i'-ah.]    contiguous to the land of Moab, eastMXTTITlHIA-I  Was one of the Levites ward of the Dead Sea, for the people
who were engaged in the solemn service of this country are called Madianeans
of removing the ark to Jerusalem, and or Madianiteax
placing it in the tent which David had
prepared for it.  1st Chron. xv: 21.  EtlETA-BEL-[lMe-heo'a-bel,] how
He was probably the same person who,      good is God.
when the lots were cast, and the singers   Was the wife of Hadar, a king of
were divided into twenty-four courses, Edom, who  succeeded  Baal-haman.
the fourteenth lot came to him. 1st She was the daughter of Matred and
Chronicles, xxv: 21.                 the grand-daughter of Mezahab. CGen.
xxxvi: 39.
MEBUN NA1I-[ie —bun-na. J
MEBlJNNaI, the Huzhtathite, was one bM1EHUJEL.[ - [Ma-lu-ja./-el,1 who
of David's mighty men. 2d Samuel,        proclaiEs God, God that blots
xxiii: 27.                                out.
Mehuljael was the son of Irad and
i}EDAD-[Me'-dadJ h1e that meas- the father of Methrusael, and he is reures, the water of love.         ferred to among the descendannts of
MEDAD, and Eldad, are referred to Cain. Gan. iv: 18.
in Nunibers, xi: 26. W hen M/aoses
gathered together the seventy clders to  4- M   IJANI-[r e-hu'-mannj
eet God at the tabernacle.  These   M oE EM2AN:.    waS  one of the seven
two, and they were of the seventy, for chamberlains that served in the pressome cause did not go. It is likely ence of Ahasuerus, who were comnthey were lawfully hindered, and as manded to bring Vashti the queen
they continued in the camp, they were before him, that he might show her
engaged in projphesying there. And a beauty to the people, but she refused
y o u n g man went and told Moses. to come and was deposed.
Joshua was standing near enough to
hear the intelligence, and addressing MELCIUS.HJUA-[Mel-ki-shu'-a.]
himself to Moses, he said, " My Lord,
Moses, forbid them.  But Moses, in-   MELOTHSHUA was one of the Sons
stead of forbidding t h e m, reproved of Saul who was engaged with hin
Joshua by saying, "Enviest thou for in war with the Philistines, and his
my sake? Would to God that all the death is recormed in Ist Sam. xxxi: 2.
Lord's people were prophets, and that
the Lord would put his spirit upon M E L A T I A H    [ Mel'-ai-ah, ]
them."  As they were probably pre-    acfforcding honey.
vented from going with the other elders   MELATIAH  was a Gibeolite who
to the tabernacle, they preformed the assisted in rebuilding the walls of
functions of their office in the camp.   Jerusalem. Neh. iii: 7.
MiEDAN-[MeI da,,]     judgment, pro- MELOlC I, 1 -[[Mel'-ki,] mny king,
cess, measure, covering.            nmy counsel.
M3EDAN was the third son of Abra-   Was son of Janna, and ancestor of
lhani by his wife, Keturah. Though Joseph in  the genealogy of Jesus
the account of the patriarch's marriage Christ. Luke, iii: 24.
to this woman, and of the children he
hadl by her, is not given until after the M3ELCJHI, 2-iay king, my counsel.
death of Sarah is recorded, yet it may I
be possible that Moses has given us the   Was the  son  of Addi, and his
acc-ount out of its chronological order. name occurs in the same genealogy.
Facts- are sometimes thus related in the Luke, iii: 28.




MEL                [320]                MEL
MIELCIIIAH-[Mel-ki'-ah.]             the apostle, we learn that he was a
Was a priest, and the father of great and good man, being "King of
Pashur. Jer. xxi: 1.                iRighteousness, and after that a1si
King of Salem, which is King of
MELC1H IEL-[Mel-ki'-el.] Peace —without fither, without mother,
Was the father of Chaanis, who without descent, having  neither bewas one of the three governors of ginning of days nor end of life, but
Bethulia.                            made like unto the Son of God abideth
a priest continually."  That is, he was
MELCHTZEDEK- [Mel-kiz'-ze-dek] not reckoned in Jewish genealogies as
oing of righteousness.           a priest, not descended from the Jewish
There has been much conjecture as Sacerdotal tribe, or the stock that God
to who this person was. Disputes have had appointed for the office of priest in
arisen, and much discussion has been the family of patriarchs, or from the tribe'elicited regarding him.  Some have that was afterwards consecrated, that
thought he was a divine person and of Levi; to officiate in the sacred office.
not a man.  Some believe him to have Melehizedek was probably of the seed
been Christ, or the Son of God, the of Canaan, a descendant of l1am, which
second person in the Trinity, and others seed was under the malediction  of
he was the Holy Ghost, the Divine heaven, accursed of God, and therefore
Spirit.   But w he n  we come  to without the honor of genealogy. It is
consider the representation given of possible that the father and mother of
him by Moses in the Old Testament, Melchizedek were unknown, which acand by Paul in the New Testament, we counts for the phraseology, "without
are forced to the conclusion that he was father, without mother," &c. His paa mere man.                          rentage, the time and place of his birth,
3Melchizedek was the king of Salem, not being recorded, were not known.
Gen. xiv: 18, and priest of the most As a mortal man, he had assuredly behigh God, Heb. vii: 1. The account ginning of days and end of life. IHe
given of him in Gen. xiv is as follows: was born, lived and died; but his birth
When Abram was returning from the and death are not recorded. Melchizpursuit of the confederate kings, and edek was a great man, the most irlthe conquest of them,  with the recov- portant character in all that country, a
cry of his nephew Lot and his family, sort of universal priest, lhaving  none
with the spoils he had taken in war, superior to him. lie was conftssedly
Melchizedek met him with a blessing superior to Abraham himself.  " Now
on his liops, for he blessed Abram in the consider how great this man was, unto
name of the most high God, and he whom  even the patriarch  Abraham
brought forth to him bread and wine. gave the tenth of the spoils."  And
The object he had in view evidently the apostle tells us, "without all conwas to refresh the conquerer, with his tradiction, the less is blessed of the
weary and exhausted men. They had better," and he tells us further, that
made a rapid march after Chedorla- even "Levi, who was appointed to reomer and his allies, had engaged them  ceive tithes, paid tithes in Abraham,
in battle and had conquered them at for he was yet in the loins of his father
lobah, and now had returned with the when Melehizedek met him. "
prisoners and spoils. He knew they   Melchizedek is made a type of
were wearied and fatigued, and hence Christ, and his priesthood typical of
had prepared them  this repast, and the priesthood of Christ. Ps. cx: 4;
now offered it to  them. Abram  "Thou art a priest forever, after the
acknowledged the favor, and heard the order of Melchizedek."  The priestpraises that Melechizedek gave to the hood of Christ is to abide. There is
most high God, and he gave the good something typical in the person, name,
king of Salem tithes of all, intending office, and residence. His person we
those tithes as a tribute to his God, have referred to already as being typiwhose priest Melchizedek was.        cal of Christ. Melchizedek was not of
Upon the circumstance thus narrated the line of Priests; so Christ was not
we have the representation given of of the tribe of Levi, but of Judah.
Melchizedek by the apostle Paul, IHeb.   The name Melchizedek signifies the
vii. From the characteristics given by righteous king, or king of righteous



MEL                 [321]               MEP
ness, and this is one of the titles of our Zachariah's reign was very short, only
blessed Lord.  Eie is the ruler of a six months, when lie was slain by Shalkingdom  established in righteousness, lurn, the son of Jabesh, who usurped
and carried on under the principle of authority and ascended Zachariah's
righteousness.  He is a king of right- throne. 2d Kings, xv.
cousness,-essential righteousness Tbe-   Shallnm had cscarcely ascended the,
longs to him and to no other king; throne until Menahem, hearing that
hence, Melchizedek could only bear the his master was murdered, went against
name as a type or representative of him with an armed force and cut him
Christ. But as to his office, he was a off, then seized the crown for himself
priest of the Mlost High God, and a He was not readily acknowledged by
prince as well as a priest. He sus- the inhabitants of the country between,
tained the double office of king and Tirzah and Tiphsah, at which he bepriest, and in this typified the Lord came enraged and vented his cruel spite.
Jesus Christ. And his residence, and upon them, by murdering them, ripping'
the centre of his kingdom and author- up the women with child, and dashing
ity as a teacher as well as a ruler, was the little infants to pieces, in Tiphsah,.
Salem, which signifies p e a c e.  So and the surrounding country.
Christ is called the "Prhice of Peace."   It was not long after he commenced.
He came to earth on the glorious em- his reign, thus in: blood, that the Assybassy of establishing peace between rians invaded his kingdom, and he. proGod. and his revolted creatures-'man. posed friendship with' them by giving
His gospel on earth is, peace and good them a thousand talents of silver.
will to man. Through him alone are   Menalhem  procured  this money of
we reconcziled aJs ofenrders, to -God the th-e people of srael.  I-le exacted of all.
offenrded.                           the nighty men of wealth, fifty shekelsof silver, to give to Pul, the king of
MEEL ZAR.                           Assyria, that his hand nmight be with:
him to confirm the kingdom and estab3MELZAR was the first steward of lish it.  I-e succeeded in this matter
Babylon, and placed in charge of the so that Pul gave up the conquest of
captives Damniel Hananiah, Iishael, Israel..
and Azariah.  These four yotung men   Menahem  reigned  ten years o v e r
desl_.red not to eat of the portion that Israel, in Samna.ria, and followed in the
had been appointed them by the king, way of Jeroboam, the son of Nebat,
and they proposed to Mielzar that lhe who made Israel to sin. EIe was sueshould feed them with pulse and wa- ceeded on the throne by Pekaiah, his
ter.  Daniel requestecd he wouldpermit son, who reigned two years, and was
them to try the diet, that he proposed, 1murderecld in his own house by Pekah,
ten days, and if, at the end of the ten the son- of Hemnaliah, one of his capdays, he and his comipanions did not tains. Thus was the sin of Menaheii.
look fairer and fatter in flesh than visited upon his posterity.
any of those who eat the portion of
the king's meat, thiey would submit. MEPHIBOSIIETH, 1-[Me-fib'-o —
3_~elzar aecorclingly tried them, and, at  sheth,] out of ny wmou.th proceeds
the end of the ten days, was satisfied   reproacL.
that their diet agreed with theml.  ile
therefore met their wishes by taking    m mIIrPnosnm rn was a son of King:
away the portion of the king's meat, Saul by his concubine Rizpah.  He
and continued to give them pulse to was the brother of Armoni, and one
eat and water to drink. Daniel, i: of the seven sons of Saul who were
11-16.                              cdelivered by David into the hands of
the Gibeonites to be hung in Gibeah,
}1_ENAI-EM~[ -[MI~en'-'-b]em3]    c o v - as an atonemen't for an injury inflicted
fiorter, who coEnduct-s t/he7.' upon them by Saul in his lifetime..
Rizpah watched the dead bodies of
3'nENAm.ir was the soil of C-adi, and her sons from the beginning of harprobably a general under Zaehariah, vest until the autumnal rains, which'
the son of the second Jeroboam. They was prolbably about five months. 2d,
were both of them klings of Israel. Sam. xxi: 8, 9.
21




MIEP                [322]               MEP
IEPHIIBOSIHETII, 2-Out of omy surely show thee kindness for Jonrmou-thproceeds reproach.       than, thy father's sike, and will re3TEP-IISHI-IoETI  was the son of store thee all the land of Saidt thy
Jonathan, and a grandson of IKing father, all the landed estate of Kish,
Saul. He was a little child in the the father of Saul.  David as king
arlms of a nurse at the time his father might haave  re-4ta1inecd this, but in doJonathan was killed in battle. On ing so he would have violated the
the day of the Gilboa battle the in- law  of the Israeites regarding  estelligence reached the household of0 tates going to the family or descaendthe king, and the nurse who had ants of the deceased.
h a r ge of Mephibosheth was so   David prioposed not only to restoer
alarmed at the tidings, and so terri- him the la. d of Saul, but to bestow
fled, that she let the child fll —and upon him the honor of eating bread
the faill inflicted an injury that made at his table I The ormner was b3ut j1aShim  lame in both his feet his whole tice; but this latteer was voluntary
lifetime. 2d Sam. iv: 4. He was five kindness aand it w as kindness., that
years old when he received this in- could hIardy be excelled.  He was
jury. I-le spent his childhood and Ia me on both his feet, and so unfit -or
youth in the fimily oif Mcachir, the public employ.ment.  L'ephibosheth-i
son of ~Ammiel of Lodeb-ar, and was accepted the favor w-th humility and
probably kept in this fainily secretly, complaisance, and entered at o nce
lest the enem;ies. of the house of Saul upon the enjoyment of the hlonor -
should slay himi, as the last member but he was not alone in the enjoy.
of his family, and so put royal honors irent of this honor, for he had 4
for descendants of the fallen king young son whose namec was gMical:
beyond all hope.                     who snhared with him in the inheri
When David the successor of Saul tanee. David ordered Ziba and hi;
was established  on the throne of family of fifteen sons and twenty ser
Israel, and had conquered a peace vants to cultivate for ileplhiboshet!
with the Philistines, and also with and his son the ent-ire inuheitacee
the Moabites-he heard of Ziba a 2d Sam. ix.
servant of King Saul, and he sent for   Some years after this Absalom  rehim  and examined him  to see if' he belled against Dazvid, his flIther, and
was the one who had saved the first forced him to quit his capital and flee
king of Israel.  Hle then asked him  for his life from thie violence of a, rebel
if there were any left of the house of' son. 3-ephiboslheth desired very mnuchl;Saul "that he might show the kind- to accompany David in his flight, for
ness of God unto him."  Ie wished he felt gratitude to him as a benefacto show the highest degree of kind- tor;; hence, he ordered Ziba, hid serness, because of the covenant of God, vant, to saddle' him  an ass that he
or the covenant that God was a wit- might accompany him. Since he could
ness to —-de betvween him and Jon- not go on foot on account of his laineathan. Ziba then informed the king ness, he wished to ride. Ziba instead
that there was one left of the house of obeying him turned: a traitor to Meof Saul, and he was a son of Jorn- phibosheth and his interest, and set.athan, Mephibosheth, and that he himself to work to turn David against
was lamee in his feet.               him, and secure the estate for himself
David was glad that there was one and his family. H-le left his helpless
left. and especially that that one was master in Jerusalem and followed after
a son of Jonathan.  HI-e asked where David himself with a present of two
Mephibosheth was, and was informed hundred loaves of bread, and a hund-,that he was in Lodebar.  He bade red bunches of raisins, and a hundred
Ziba bring him  to him; Mephibo- summer fruits, and a bottle of wine..
sheth was accordingly brought and Ziba then told David that Mephiboentered into the presence of King sheth was waiting in Jerusalem  in the
David. Fearing lest some harm was to hopes that his enemies would prevail
befall him, " he fell on his face and against himr; and in the event they did
did reverence."  David addressed succeed he hoped in some way to be
him kindly and affectionately and so restored to the throne of his grandquieted his fears, " Fear not for I will father Saul. "' And Ziba said unto the




MEP                 A3M3 ER
king, Behold, he abideth at Jerusalemn; ruler of the house of God. " As Joshua,
for he said, To-day shall the house of the son of Jozedek, appears to have
Israel restore me the kingdomn of my been the high-priest at this time, and
father."  What a base -wretch was Seraiah, the secondpriest. Itisthought
-Zibal and how unfounded- was the EC- by some that Meraioth is the same
eus8ation brought against the peacea'ble, person.
loyal and innocent son of Jonathanl!
David acted very- r-shly in this,'-matter,  I tERAIOTH, 2.
for hIe credited the foul slander, and   MERAIOTH was the son of eSeraiah,
transferred the estate, or the proceeds and the father of Amnariah, who is
of the estate, at once to Ziba and his named among the high-priests, in 1st
family.  Ile ought to have examined Chron. vi: 6. Here the genealogy of
the circumstance, and not inconsider- Levi and Aaron is given, and the'olfiately have spoiled an innocent man to ces of the priests and Levites, are set
reward a villain. But so it was.      forth, with t h e,cities that were asAfter the defeat of Absalom, David signed to them.
returned to Jerusalem, and one of the
first persons he nmet was Ml-ephibosheth'ME RARII-[Me-rari,] bitter, to proin deep mourning, for he had not          yoke.'dressed his feet nor trimmed his beard,   MERARI was the third son of Levi,
nor washed his clothes from  the day and the father of M3ahli and 3Mushi,
that David fled in haste from Jerusa- N1um. iii: 20. The faimilies of these
em, until the day that he returned two sons of M3erari were very numer-.again in peace. He asked Mephibo- ous. for when the Hebrews came out
slheth why he had not gone along with of the land of Egypt, it is said of the
him. He then told the king that he MerariteS that their males trom  a
had intended to go, and had ordered month old and upwards were six thouhis servant Ziba to saddle him an ass. sand  two hundred, and they had
David then pyobably told him the re- amongst them  fit for service about
port that had come to himn. bIephibo- three thousand two hundred, wh o
sheth refuted the lander, and told'how were between the ages of thirty and
Zibha had deceived him;'but hle added flfty:years.
in this conversation,'3M1y lord, the   The chief of the family was Zurial,
ki-ng is as an anoel of God; do there- the son of Abihail, and their position
fore what is good in thine eyes."  He in marching was on the north side of
did not comiplain;that the king had so the tabernacle. They went first of all
-rashly decided a-ainst him and given the Levites, were in the front, and
the lands to Ziba.  I-He did not aslk to'having in their custody and charge
have it restored to him; but;he said, the boards-of the tabernacle, and the
"'Let iZba take it; I am content, since'bars, and the pillars, andl the sockets,
the king has safely returned  to his' and all the vessels thereof, and all
throne."  But David ",did annul the that serveth thereto; -anc  the pillars
gift he had made to Ziba, and placed -of the court round about!, and their
the estate just where it was before. He sockets, and their ipins, and t h eir
did not'punish ^Ziba'for his treachery cords.; and these 3Merarites were placed
and villainous conduct; but since le under the charge of Ithlamar, the son
had been so lone a servant in the house of Aaron. See Numbers, iii and iv
of Saul, and there were so few of Saul's chapters.
family to whom he'could show kind-   So-me of the posterity of i e ra ri
ness, he left him in'his position. 2d were sacred porters in the time of'Sam. xix: 24-30.                     -David, an d are referred to in 1st
In 1st Chron. viii.: 35, we learn that Chron. xxvi: 19.;Micah, the son off Mephibosheth, -had   When the Levites applied to Elea-:four sons, and these -our sons  in all zar, the sucessor of  Aaron, and to
probability had a numerous posterity.  Joshua with the elders of Israel, for
cities to dwell in according to the
MiERAIOTH, I —rMe-ra-yoth.]           promise that had been given them by
MERAIOTTI  was the son of Ahitub, Moses, their request was granted, and
the 1igh-priest. lst Chronicles, ix: 11. the children of Merari had twelve'The high-priest here is called  " the Icities appointed them out of the tribes




MER                 [324Jl               MERl
of Reuben, G-ad and Zebulun. The. David was valiant in'fighting the'
names of their cities as given inJos. Lord's battles," but Saul gave hisxxi: 34-40, are Jokneam, Kartah, daughter Merab to another, and not
Dimnnah, Nahalal, Bezer, Kedemoth, to him. MIerab became the wife of
Jahazah, Mephaath, Ramoth-Gilead, Adriel the MIebholathite, and was the
Mahanaim, Heshbon and Jazer, and mother of the five sons of Saul ofr
these same cities are referred to as grandsons, who were given with the;
given to M3erari in 1st Chronicles vi: two sons of Rizpa3i, to the Gibeonites77-81.                               to be hung. We have an account of
the circumustance of the death of the'
E R CUPI A S -[Mer-cu'-ri-as.] a five sons of Adriel, the }Meholathite,
false god; firon the Latinz word which sons were brought up by Michal,
snercari, "to buy;or sell," because the daughter- of Saul, for Adriel.  2d:
heepresided over merchandise; in Sam. xxi: S. It may be that IMerabi
Greek, hermes, "orator" or "in- died while these sons were small, and,
terlpreter."                     that her sister Michal took charge. of
3IERCURIUS or MEERCFUR  was one of them and brought them up, or trainecd
the fabulons h;eathen gods. He was them as the sons of a king. It is ceerworshiped by the heathens, as the god tain that Adriel was not married to,
of learning; eloquence and trade, and it 3Miehal, for she was first the wife of
is said was famous for lying and: deceit. David, and afterwards Saul gave her to
There is a reference made to- this false Phaltiel. And when David was mnade:
god in Acts xiv:'2, where we have an king in Hebron, and Abner was aboutaccount of Paul and Barnabas perform — to transfer the house- of Saul to:Davidc
ing the miracle of healing an impotent and his kingdom. David de-anded of
man, who was a cripple in his feet from  I[shbosheth, his wife Michal, and she.
his birth.   Paul is the actor and: was taken fronm her husband Phaltiel,
speaker in the scene described. The and delivered up to David.
people of Lystra looked on with: wonder and astonishment and exclaimed, MIEREMOTI-, 1-[Mer'-re-moth.]
"'The Gods are come down to us in the
likeness of men, and they called Bar-   NIEREuxiOTr-I was a son of Urijalh
nabas, Jupiter; and Paul, Mercurias, be- the priest, the helad of the- seventh
cause he was the chief speaker.      course of priests instituted by- David.
We have an account in Ezra, viii: 33,
AIERAB-[Me'-rab,] 7w that fights, of his being appointed to: weigh and
he t7hat multililes.             register the gold and silver vessels of
the templle. In the rebuilding of theJ'lERAx  w as the eldest daughter of wall he- took an active part, and his,
Saul, the first King of Israel. When position as a wortkman is given us in
the Philistines were fighting against Neh. iii: 4.
Israel, and Goliath, the giant of Gath,
was defying the armies of the living M3EREMEOTH, 2,
God, King Saul promised to enrich
with great riches the man who should   Was one of the people of the sons,
kill Goliath;- and in addition to reward- of lR'ani who had married a foreign
ing him with rickhes, he promised to give wife. Ez. x: 38.
the conqueror of his e n emy, his
daughter to wife. So the men of war MElR;EMOTH, 3,
informed David, when he visited the   Was at the'head of a family of
army.  1st Sam. xvii: 25. And Saul priests who sealed the covenant with
himself said to Daivid, (after having Nehemiah, the name also occurs in
failed to give him his daughter to wife the list of those who went up; with
upon his killing Goliath,) when he re- Zerubbabel.  Neh. x: 5; Neh. xii: 3.
moved him from his presence and made
him captain over a thousand; "be thou fMERES —[Me'-rez.]
valiant, and I will give thee my elder   Was one of the seven counselors,
daughter Merab to wife."  But the in- of king Ahasuerus —they are said to
tention of Saul was to rid himself of be wise men who knew the timeso.
David., of whom  he was very jealous., Est. i:.14.




NIER                [325]               MES.MERODACHI, 1-[Me-ro'-dak,] bit- thousand rains, with the wool; but
ter, cont.itimo; i, SytiC,  c, the lit- after Ahab died, he revolted and detle lord.                        nied to the kingdomn  of Israel the
I1ERODACHI- who  is -called Moero- yearly tributes. foram,  or Jehoram,
daech BaLadam, was the son of Bala- the son of Ahab, was king of Israel,'dan, king of Babylon.  After Hleze- and at once set himself, with the assistkiah had been sick and had recovered, ancee of the Jews and the Edomltes, to
he sent mlessengers to him  to con.- subdue  ttesha and the feoabites.  Fle
gratulate him upon his recovery. In invaded the kingdom  of Moab and
2d Kings, xx, and also in Isa. xxxix, routed M-esha's army, without giving
we have the account of the king's him time-to put hinmslf  and his army
icklness and the prophet's message to in battle array against  im, with his
him, urging  him to prepare for death allies.
in the following lanuage: "Set thine   MIesha shut himself up in Art, the
house in,order for thou shalt die and ca pitol of his kingdom. The king of
not live."  Hezekiah praye  that his Israel, the king of Judah and the king
life might be extended.  His prayer of Edoml, thein made a marchl upon the
w is heard and fifteen years were ad- capitol and besieged it. In a march of
ded to his life-so the prophet Isaiah seven days, the army suffered much for
inforlmed him.As thle me ans were lack of water, and the king of Israel
being used to restore'him to health, and the king of Judah felt themselves
the king-asked forr a sign that he should to be in extlemity. They inquired of
be restored. A  sign was given him  Elisha the prophet as to wvhat'-they.in the shadow going back ten degiees should do in their'waDt for water, and
in the sun dial of Ahaz.              whether they'should persist in followM3erodach BalTdan in all probabil- ing up Mesha, the king of Mioab. Eliity had heard of the mira-les con- sha told them  that the valley where
nected with IHezekiaihs recovery, and they -were -camped should be full of
especially the backwad. motion of water, so that their want and the'want,the sun, and he wished to congratu- of their cattle and beasts should be
late him  upon these miracles, and supplied, and furthermore, that the
Oespeeialiy upon his recovery to'health. Moabites should be delivered into their
The messengers were treated' ith hands —that they should. certainly rsegreat courtesy and respect.          ceed in the conquest of 3'esha a nd his
Merodach was a great king, and counltry. In the nlorning, according to
much honored after his death.  A  the words of Eiisha, the -valley was
massive imiage was a.ere-'ted  to  his full of watuer, and the water -had the,memory and weorshiped, a'd dwhen appearance to Mesha and the Moabites
~Cyrus the.Persian conqueror took the ef0blood, as the rising sun slhone -upon
city and country, the image of Mereo- it.   esha thought that the,conrederdaech was broken in pieees]          ate hosts had fallen into confusion ila
the darkness of the'night.and desIERODACI,    2       t-BIter, contraition; troyed each other, as the'Midianites
i2  1yriac, tlze litle lord.     did  when Gideon marched against
MERODAcJ-m is called  Evil N3ero- theml in the plain of Moab, and he ac-.dach, and was the son of Nebuehad- cordigly gave orders for the Moabite
nezzar, thle great kintg of Babylon. soldiers to hasten to the spoil. Not
It is thougght Nebuchadnezzar sup- being properly drilled for war, they,posed this son would be like the for- rushed out in a disorderly manner and.mer Merodach, and hence gave him. easily fell a prey to their enemies.
his aname, but he turned out to be a   When Mesha saw that the-battle was
very weak man, ancd incompetent for against him, and that his capitol was
~governing a'kingdom.  [See Evil Me- about to be taken,'he took with him
rodach.]                             seven hundred warriors and made an
attempt to escape by breaking through
i:lEl1SHA -[Me'i-sIhah.  the troops of the king of Edom, as he
Mesha wasal king of Moab. 2dKings, thought that was the weakest part of
nil and iv. He was tributary to Ahab, the army; but his attempt was ineffeethe king of Israel, paying yearly one tual and he fell back into the city. He
hunmdred thousand l alibs and a hundred  then took his oldest son, who was heir




31ES                [326]                MET
to the crown, and offered him  for a supposed to have been captain of a
burnt sacrifice on the wall. lie offered thousand men.
him as a sacrifice to!his god, and on
the wall that his enemies might see it. IIES: ULLEM3iET1  - [Me-slml'-leThis was evidence that Mesha was in       ineth,]
great extremity.  The enem.y saw it   Was the mother of Amon, a. king of
and they immediately raised the siege Jurdab, and shel was the daughter of
and went back agalln to their own Htaruz of Jotbah.. She was the wife
country.                              of M a n a s s c h, AmLons father.. 2d
We hlave an allusian in  allos, ii: 1, Kings, xxi: 19.
to the king of Moab burning, the bones
of the king of Edom  into lime, but METfUSAEL-[ [ecthu"-sa-eI,]. who
whetlh-e it was Mesha, or some other      lemands-his death,
king of loeab, we do not know.          Was the son of  Me!hujacl, a descendant of Cain; and he was the father of
M E S H A C( H — [Met'-shak,]; th7, a t Lameeht w ho was the first one to introdravws withfodrce, that su-rounds; duce- po-zgamy among the family of
the owaters.                      man.  Cen. iv: 18, 19.
siEsAc1, otherwise called Mishlaael,
was one of the three Hebirew children:, 3IETHUSELA.H  - [ e-thu's-e-lah,J
takezn with Daniel, captiven to Babylon.  he Ihas sent, his d6ecth.
The rince of the eunuchs of the king.   METUsvLkAI was the son of Enceh,
of Babylon, changed his name from  that great anct good man, whose charMishael to RMeshach.  faniel, i:  7..acter as a selsant of the 3Most High
For the hlis.tcy of ielshach, see Abed- has been admired., in all a-oes of the
nego.                                 world since h  ]lived and passed away
to heav-en without. dying   Gen. v: 2wL. E S H E C H-[3it'/-shek,] who: s    Iethulselah- bad a religioas training.
i-rawn by force, s- 1  t           Tp7 su2r-  Ie haI- constantly before hiami the pious
rounced.                          example of a fatherl who walled with
IMESHECH was the sixth son of Ja- God, and we may reasonably suppose
pheth, and is refered to in Gen. x: 2. that example exerted a good influence
The- posterity of  esbeebch, no doubt, upon him —that he, too, was virtuous
becam.e very numer'7ous, though, it is not and1 good. We know of him that God
certain who they were. It is thouht., blessed him with the longest life of any
by some, that the descendants of MIe- man whose age the Scriptures present;,
shech are referred to in Ezek. xxxii:  and it is quite likely that -is life was
26, under the title Alshech-Tubal, the, longest one ever lived.  It was
"and all her multitude: ner graves within thirty-one years ofa thousandare round nabout him; all of them uncir- niine hundred and sixty-nine years.
cuncised,,slain by the, sword, though   Mtethuselah lived one hundred anc
they caused& their terror in the lana of eighty-seven. years and begat Lamnech;
the- lRving."                         a-nd asLameech was the father of Noah,
Gog is calledg the chief ptqince of hIe- ilettiselah was his grandfather.  He
shechl and Tubal.  Ezekiel xxxviii: 2, lived' not only to see his grandchild,
and some think the descendants of Me- but his great-gimndchildren-the- three
shech will assist the Turks against the sons of Noah who were preseved- in
Jews, about the time- of the beginning the ark, and whose posterity peopled
of the Millenium-, but will perish- in the the new world.  It is said of him, he
attempt, as Gog is represented as per- lived a fter he begat Lamech seven
ishing in Ezekiel, xxxix.             hundred and eighty-two years; and it
is further said that aLamech begat Noah
MESTIELEMIAI -[-  Mesh-el-e-mi' —- when at the age of one hundred andah,] peace, perfection, retribution, eighty-two-years.
of the Lord,                        The import of the: name Methusela.
Was a Korhite, and one of the sa- is, "his death produces or -at his death
cred: orters.  Ist Chron. xxni: i  He shall break out —the flood."  Agreeis referred to under the name of Shele- ably to this the flood commenced themiah, as the keeper of the eastern very year in whih Methuselah died
gate.  1st Chron. xxvi: 14. He is also G-en. v: 27.




iMEZ'f[327]              MIO
MEZAFJAB- [IAMez'-a-hab,]             other miolten. Whether theywere made
Was the father of Matred and grand- to resemble something Nbelonving to the
father of Mehetabel, the wife of IHadar, tabernacle, we do not know. But they
a king of Edom.  Gen. xxxvi: 39; 1st were placed in a house or room of the
Chron. i: 50.                         dwelling house, and Micah made an
ephod and teraphim, and consecrated
MIA 3IN, 1l-[Mi-a"-min,]              one of his sons as a priest.
A layman of Israel, of the sons of   Sometime after this a young man out
Parosh, who had married a strange of Bethlehem-Judah, a Levite who had
wife and put her away at the sugges- probably married into the family or
tion of Ezra. Ezra, x: 25.            tribe of Judah, or his mother may have
been of the tribe of Judah, and his
iMIAMa[IN. 2,                         father of the tribe of Levi-this young
A priest who went up from Babylon man was in search of a home, and he
wTith Zerubbabel.  Neh. xii: 5.       came to Mt. Ephraimn to the house of
Micah. No sooner had Micah learned
BITIBHAR-[Mib'-har,]1                 that he was a Levite, than he invited
Was one of David's warriors. 1st him to stay with him, and be a priest
Chron, xi.                            in  his family.   The -young Levite
agreed to tarry and serve Micah and his
ItIBSAM, 1 —[Mib/-sanl,]              fmily, for the sumn of ten shekels of
A son of Ishmael.  Gen. xxv: 13.   silver a year, and a suit of apparel and
his food. This young Levite after tarMIBSAM, 2,                            rying awhile with Micall concluded to
A sonl of' Simeon, referred to in I st leavehimw ithoutlettinghimki inow; and
Jhron. iv: 25.                        he went away secretly, and carried with
him the idols of Micah.  Ie went in
MNIBZAr-L-[Mib'-zar,                 company with six hundred Danites to
Was one of the dukes of Edom after Laish.  No sooner had Micah imissed
the death of Hladad. Gen. xxxvi: 42; ~his gods than almost frantic with grief
1st Chron. i: 53.                     he called his neighbors together and
with them he pursued after the Danites
MIC~A7H, 1-[Mi'/-cah,] poor, humble, anw1 over took them.  As soon as they
who strlikes,'is there,          saw himn they mocked him by saying:
MICeTlI was a native of Mt. Ephraimt, "what aileth thee that thou comest with
near Shilolf, the son of a very wealthy such a company?"  Micah answered
widow who was a superstitious idolater. " Ye have taken away my gods, which
He is brought to our view in Jud. xvii, I made, and the priest, and ye are gone
friom which we learn that he stole from  away; and whbat'have I more? and
his mother eleven L;undred shekels of What is this ye say unto me, What
silver.  As soon as the widow missed aileth thee?"
tlhe silver she pronounced the bitterest   They mocked him  still more, and
curses on the thlief who had stolen her threatened him with the loss of life of
money, and Micah heard her curses; he himself and his household, if he did
heard the imprecations and was alarmed not cease to complain thus of them.
lest the curses should fall on his head. Though he told them  that they had
He therefore camle to his mlother and rendered him wretched and miserable
coinfssed to having taken the money. by taking away his gods, yet would
She was very glad to find that the they not pity.
muoney was yet in the family, and when    When Micah saw that they were too
le off'c:ed to return it to her, she was strong for him, he turned in his wretch-.o oveijoyed that she blessed him, and edness and went back to his house, and
bacle hlim keep it to himself. He how- hbis neighbors, who attended him, went
ever would not keep it.  She thinn told with him. Judges, xi: 8-26.
Miicah that she had dedicated it to the
Lord to mlalke    graven inlage an-d a M I C A  -, 2-Poor, humble, whow
lmolten image for their falily worship.   strikes, is there.
Micah's mother then gave two hundlred    MAIcAI- was one of the lesser prophshekels of the silver to the founder who  ets.  He was an inhabitant of Mofrmade the images. One was graven, the ashath necar Gath; he was cotempo



MIOC)             y[328]              MIC
rary as a prophet with Isaiah, and surely succeed. Jehoshaphat was not
prophesied during the reigns of Jo- altogether satisfied with these false
tham, Ahaz ancd Hezekial. That he prophets, and he asked: "Is there
prophesied as late as the last named not here a prophet of the Lordcl, beking is evident from Jer. xxvi: 18. sides, that we rmightl enquire of him?"
" Micah the MIorasthite prophecied in Ahab answered hinm that there was
the days of Hezekiah."              yet one man, M;icaiah by name, but
Micah prophesied during a period that he disliked him very much for
of about fifty years, and from his the reason that lhe never prophesied
prophecies we learn that he had a fair good concerning hinm, but evil; and
share of trial, affliction and persecu- the king of Judah said:  "Let not
tion. The first part of his prophe- the king of Israel say so."
cies were delivered during the reign   We have an account of a prophet
of Jotham, a king of Judah, con- who a ppr-o a h le d King Ahab, dr
tained in the first chapter in which he waited by the road side, disguised,
pronounces fearlessly God's judgment and, after a conversation with him,
against Israel and Judah for their reproved him for dismissing Benhasins.                               dad, the king of Syria, when he had
The  second  part are prophecies it in his p o w e r to slay him. 1st
made during the reign of Ahaz, king Kings, xx: 35-13. The prophet dcof Judah, and Tekah, king of Israel, clared that his life should go for the
ii and iv chapters inclusive.       life of his enemy.  This displeased
The third part contains prophecies the king very much, and he went to
delivered during Hezekiah's reign, Samaria sad and dejected; and now
and a part of the reign of Hoshea, that he was about to go against Piathe last king of Israel, 5th  end 7th imoth-Gilead, he probably thoughlt of
chapters inclusive. In the 5th chap- this interview with the prophet; and
ter there is a very clear prophecy or it may be that     eaic a  a h was the
Messiah, and the spread of his gospel prophet who hiad thus spok-en. Ahab
among mean-and he clearly sets forth seenms more than to intimate that he
the spiritual peace and presperity of had held int erviews with this prophet,
the church of God under the coming and that he had always prophesied
New Testamzent dispensation.        evil concerning hirm.
Micah v: 2, is a prophecy relative   Ahab being willing to gratify Jeto the very place where Christ should hoshaphat, his ally, sent fb-or Iicaiah
be born.' But thou B e t h 1 e h e n that he might be consulted as to the
Ephratah, though thotu be little among matter of besieging Ialm:loth-Gilead.
the t;housands of Jucdah, yet out of As soon as he was introduced into the
thee shall he come forth unto  me, presence of the two kings, some of
that is to be ruler ia Israel; whose the attendants told hin  that the
going forth have been of old, from  prophets of Baal had been consulted,.everlasting."                      and that they 1had, without a dissenting voice, advised the king to proceedl
M I C A I A — [Mi-ka'-yahl,] TWho s  and assured him  of succe s in the
ike to God.? the lowu'inzess of God. war; and they begged him  that lie
MICAIAn  was a pr o p h e t of the would give the same assurances and
Lord, who prophesied in the days o-i advice. HI-e told them he was there
Ahab, a king of Israel. H-e was the to tell them what the Lord dclirected,
son of Inmlah, an Ephraimite.  The and that he would speak nothing else.
character of Micaiah was that of a Ahab then asked him if he should
faithful prophet, vwho reproved the go up to RTaitoth-Gilead to battle or
w i c k e d Ahab for his wickedness, Iorbeapr?  A n cd  Jicaiah answered:
-which led that king to hate him.   " Go, and prosper, for the Lord shall
Jehoshaphiat, the king of Judah, deliver it into the hand of the king."
had associated liimself witi A h a b Micaiah gave this answer with an air
against the Syrians. 1st Kings, xxii. and a manner that satisfied Ahab that
Ahab enquired of four hundred false it was irony. The manner in which.p r o p li e t s whether he should go lhe said it was as though lie had said:
angainst P}amoth-Gileacl to battle, and You applied to your prophets, and,they told him  to go, for he should they have predicted y our success.




xme                [3291              MJC
Now you wish me to speak as they angels fought against the dragon, and
speak. Trust in your prophets, and the dragon fought and his angels, and
in their advice, and go against your prevailed not, neither was there place
enermes.                            found any more in heaven."
Ahab then adjured Micaiah to speak   In Dan. xii, when the general resurnothing but the truth. When thus rection is foretold, and the glorious
appealed to, the prophet seriously told millenial era prophesied of, Michael,
him of a vision given to him, which the arch-angel, is represented as an
was prophetic, and pointed out the important actor in bringing about the
disasters which were to ensue.  "I  events; and again, as one of the chief
saw all Israel scattered upon the hills, powers or principal angels, he is said
as sheep that have not a shepherd; by Jude, 9th verse, to have disputed
and the Lord said: These have no with the devil about the body of
master; let them return every man to Moses, and it is said of him that he
his house in peace."  He then went durst not, that is, thought it unbecomon to tell him that a lying spirit had ing his dignity to bring a railing aceaentered the prophets of Baal, that sation against the devil, but rebuked
they might entice hiim to go up and him in the name of the Lord.
fall at Plamoth-G-ilead. The king of   Michael then was a created angel,
Israel complained to the king of Judah though the name may sometimes be
of these declarations and teachings of used to represent Jesus Christ and his
Micaiah, and said: "Did I not tell work, as the conqueror of sin, death,
thee he would prophesy no good, but and the grave.
evil concerning me."  Wiith this Zecekiah, the son of Chenaanah, ap- MI fCHAI3.
proached Micaiah and smote him on   MICI-Ar  was one of the ministers
the cheek, and then insolently said to in the temple, under the order of serhin: " Which way went the spirit of vice instituted in the time of David.
the Lord from me to speak unto thee?" 1st Chron. xxiv: 24.
Mieaiah turned to this insolent man
and said: "Behold, thou shalt see in MICHAIAIE —[3!i-k!'-y ah,] Who is
that day when thou shalt go into an     like to God? the lowrlincss of God.
inner chamber to hide thyself," allud-   The daughter of UTicl of Gibeah,
ing in all probability to some severe and the mothler ol Abijal,   king of'
judgment of God that should fall upon Judah. 2d Chron. xiii: 2.
this deceiver.
Ahab ordered Mi5icaiah carried back MTCIHAUL-[ Mi'-ch a.]
unto Amon, the governor of the city,  M3JICHAL -   ws, thle daughter of King
and placed in his charge, and in the Saul, and wvas given Dasvid to wife —
charge of Joash, the king's son.  I-e probably at her own re snuest. It may
or d eredl that they put ficaiah in be that she kncwr thaut D avid, having
prison, and feed himi with bread of af- slain Goliathl of Gath, was entitled to
fiction, and with water of affliction, the hand in marriage of her sister
until he comes in peace. Ml'icaiahi 3Merab —but 1he Saw that her father
heard these instructions to the king, did not give her to David but to
ancl said: "if thou return at all in Adriel the Mneholathite.  An d  as
peace, the Lord hath not spoken by David had per-orimed a feat that enmale."  That was as much as to say, If titled him to be the king's son-in-law,
thou dost return safe I am willing to she desired to be his wife, and it is
be counted as a false prophet.      quite likely made known that desire
to Saul.  Sle would certainly have
M I C 1H A E L —[Mi'-ka-el,] ITJh o is been justtfiable in making the request
nlike to God? the lowliness of God. of Saul from the fact stated in 1st'
MIC:HAEL is referred to as an arch- Sam. xviii' 20. "And Michal, Saul's
angel, and sometimes signifies the daughter, loved David."  As soon as
Lord Jesus Christ. He is represented the fact was communicated to the
as being at the head of the angelic king he saidl "I will give him her
host, and an opposer of Satan and that she m-ay be a snare to him."
his allies. sev. xii: 7. "And there    le desired the death of David,
was war in heaven; 3Michael and his and supposing that iMichal's love for"




MIC                [330]               MID
David, and his love in return for her the throne upon his relation to the
would induce hil to  lace his life in daughter of the late king. But he
imminent peril.  h-e agreed with had been divorce<l from Miclhal, and
D]avid to give him his daughter to when she was taken from him it was
wife, if he would kill a hnLdred Phil- by violence, and moreover her last
istines, and bring proof to him  that act was the shielding him from the
he had done so. It was not long un- fury of her father.
til the feat was performed and D]avid  VWhen the ark of God had rem-nned
a-nd IMchal were Larried.  It is a three months in the house of Obedsignificant fact that Michal loved Edom, David male ready to bring it,
]avid.  Soon  an  opportunity was with sacrifices and solemn rejoicings, to
afiorded of testing that love.  Saul Jerusalem. We have this account in
determined to slay David, and sent; 2d Sam. vi. Mlichlal saw David as he.messengers specially charged to way- entered Jerusalem  dancing before the
ay and murder him. Tiichal became ark. There was something in his apeware o-f it,, and inf-ormed David, and pearance and actions during the sacrel-d
successl-kllly planned  his escape. She ceremony that she did not approve of, 
let him  down through a window, prob- and although she did not speak out
ably at thle back part of the house, against it to her attendants, yet " she
where there were no liers-in-wait, and despised him in her heart."  As soon
so he escaped.                       as an opportunity was afforded her of
Then to detain pursuit after him  specaking to King David about the matcor awhile, she put an imnoge in the tcr, she did so. Her language, which
b ed to represent David, andc reported was in llaccordance  ith her judglment,
lo her fither, who was in'ent on kill- wa1s verv unbecoming.  If she. was the
ing him, that he was sick. Saul then first wife King David e-ver had, and
sentu messengers to take him  from  the dcaughter of a kIing, she bad no
tbLe bed where he was lying as was ii lit to talk as she did in irony to the
supposed; but the astonished rles- kinig, 2d Sam. vi: 20.  "How gleorous
sengers looked upon an image in the was the King of Israel to-day," &c.
stead of a man.  The reason why David was not at all pleased with her
Saul did not send the messengers in severe criticism, and his languagoe may
the n>uight to his house to kill him  be considered a strong reproof.  But
probably was, he was unwilling that God was not pleased with it. It is
l ichal should be shocked by a scene said, "Therefore, Michal, the dacughof murder in her own chamlber.       ter of Saul, had no child u-rtil the day
Saul gave his daughter Michal, the of her death."
lawful wi-fe of David, to Phalti, the   It may be after this that she took the
son of Laish, who had lived in Gallimr charge of the children of Merab her
a town belonging to the tribe of Ben- sister. Five of them were hanged by
jamin, which was the tribe to which the Giheonites, when the two sons of
hie himself belonged. 1st Sam. xxv: Rizpah, the wife of Saul, were put to
44-..      death, for it is said in 2d Sam. xxi: 8,
When David was settled as king in that the five sons of Michal, the daught- ebron, lie demanded of Saul's son, ter of Saul, whom she brought up for
who was also reigning, his wife Mi- Adriel, were delivered to the Gibeonchal. 2d Sa1m. iii: 14.  "David sent ites and hanged.  Michal was never
moesngers to Ishbosheth, Saul's son, the wife of' Adriel, but YMerab was:
saying, Deliver me my wife M}iehal and it is not said that she was the
whichll I cspoused to me for a hun- mother of these five sons of kdrie, but
dred foreskins of the Philistines." simply that she brought them up.
It was very hard for her husbandc
Phairi to give her up, but BDavid MIDIAN-] Midc-i-an,] j, icdg m, en t,
had a riglht to demacnd her, for she     rneasure, coveriarg.
was his own lawIul wife. JMoreover   MIIDIAN was the fourth son of Abrashe was a king's daughter, and as he hml, b y Keturah, Gen, xxv: 2, and
was the reigning king, prudence and he was the falther o-f the extensive tribe
policy might bave demanded that a called Midioalites. This tribe, or faimprincess be not the wif-e ofo a man, iiy, inhabited the lanrd called the land
who possibly might build a claim to i of  idian. To this land Moses fled




MID                 [331]                MIL
when he left the land of Egypt, and annihilated or destroyed. They behere Jethro, the priest, dwelt who was came, after this, incorporated with other
the father-in-law of Moses. Exod. iii:1. nations —the lMotabites and'Arabians.
The descendants of Miidiax were divided into five different ports, or tribes, MIJAM1[IN-[Mi-ja —mih]
the heads of those tribes were, Ephah,   Was one of the priests appointed by
Epher, I-Ianocl, Abidah, and Eldaab, David when he divided the m  into
and eacth one hadl their own kings, or twenty-four orders. His lot was the
rulers. Gen. xxv: 4.                  sixth.  1st Chron. xxiv: 9.
The iMidianites trafficked with the
Egyptians in spices, balm, and oter M2KLOTH —[Mik'-loth, 
things. And it was a company of   Was the ruler in the course of Dodai
these trafficking M idianites that the the Ahohite, when the month!ly service
sons of Jacob sold their brother Joseph was instituted.  1st Chron. xxvii: 4.
to, who took him cdown to Egypt and
sold him to an officer of Phbroah.    MISKNEMI -[Mik-ni'-ahj,
It seems, from  Num. xxii: 6. that   Was one of the Levites wiho were enthe Mlvdidianites were associate-d with the gaged in the solemn services of removMoabites in trying to induce BJaaam to ing the ark to Jerusalenm and pacing it
curso Iira1el.  The elders of Midian in the tent which David had prepared
attended thle  elders of Moab where  or it.  1st C0hron. xv: 21.
they waited on the prophet and by his
advice, a nuniber of tle'Midianitish MILCAM-, 1 —[Mil'-kah,] queen.
women went into the Hebrews' camp   MILlHA-I  was the. daughter of Haran
and decoyed, enticed and carried away and the wife of Nahor, the brother of
the Hebrews from the fear and worship Abraham.  Gen. xi: 29:  " And the
of their God, to whoredomn and idola- name of Nahor's wi-fe, Milcah, the
try, the conDsequznce of which was, a daughter of H-aran."  After Abraham
plague from the Lord destroyed twenty- had offered up Isaac, and God had ac*ollr thousand of the Hebrwcvs.       cepted the offering, but spared the sacoIn order to revenge this on the Midi- rifice-providing Abraham a lamb for a
anites, thle Lord directed MIoses to send burnt offering instead of his son —we are
twelve thousand of the Hebrews into informed that he heard fromi  Nahor,
the csunItr-y of lidian and cuat off all his brother, that Milcah had borne
thle people ecep the virgins, and they children unto him.  Gen. xxii: 20.
dcid so, andc five kin3o of Midian were This fact seenms to be introduced to bekilled, viz: Eri,  tc ken, Zur, Hur gin the thrilling history of the f-iamily
and Reba., a n d Balaam  t h e false of Nahor furnishin g a wife in the beauprophet, wnlo lad identified himself tiful Re-beca for Isaac,, the son of
with them,  as also slain.  T-hlese He- promise.
brews builut the cities of -Midian and    lilcah Nwas the mother of Belthuel
carried off as booty, thirty-tmwo thou- and the grandnmother of' iRebecca.
sand virglns, six hundred and seventyfive thousand sheep, seventy-two thou- IIHLCAHT, 2-queen,
sand beeves, sixty-one thousand asses,   Was one of the daught-urs of Zelowhich were equally divided among the phelhad, who obtained an inheritance
soldiers, except what was assigned to and a husband in the tribe of Manasthe Lord. Num. xxxi.                  seh.  [See HI-oglah]j
lTere were Midianites that escaped
this destruction, who afterwards Fgeatly MI:LLO —[Mil'-lo,] fu7iaess, rTep.eiioe.
increased, and for several years griev-   MILLO was a person of somn  note,
ously oppressed the Hebrews; but they whose faGmily assisted the Shecheilwere conquered by Gideon with his ites in making Abimelech king. It is
handfal of men, the Lord worzking said in Judges, ix: 6:' all the house
miraculously for their destruction. of Millo assisted the men oSf SheTheir kings, Oreb and Zeeb, with chem." In the curious and instructive
Zebah and Zalmnnmmal, were slain, and parable of Jotlham, the Shechleites
with them  about thirty-five thouYsand and the house of ]Millo are reproved,
fell by the swoTd. Jud. vii: 15-22. Thus and it is declared that Abimeleech,
the descendants of Midian were alamost whom they haive nmde king, shall be




MIL                p332]                IIIR
the cause of kindling a fire of civil cah says:  "For I have brought thee
discord that shall consume and de- up out of the land of Egypt, and I
stroy them.                          sent before thee, liMoses, Aaron and
Thus Millo and his house were de- Miriam."  Because of her devot-ion
stroyed by Abimelech. Judclges, ix: to God, and the part she took in their
6-20.                                religious exercises, she is called the
Virgin Prophetess.  She was the.M[IIAM-[i Mir'i-.un,] exalted, bit- leader of the Jewish women, and the
terness of the -sea, r tztress of the first woman, so far as we know, thus
sea.                             honored in all the history of the fatmMIrImAL -was the sister of Moses ily of man.  It is quite likely that
and Aaron.  She was a celebrated she was appointed of God to instruct
womnan amolg the Hebrews, and sev- the women, as Moses and Aaron ineral years o]cder than her b r o the r. strueted the men. She regula-ted the
Aaron was but three years older than time and places of their devotmonal
iMoses, while she was of sufficient age acts, and led in those of therm that
to be entrusted by her mother with were public. When they crossed the
the ark in which the innocent babe Rled Sea, she led that vast host of wohad been placed.  Ex. ii: 4. "And men through in the bed of the sea,
lhis sister stood afar off, to wit what between the wall of waters, encouragshould be done to him."  And she ing the timid, 4t every step.
was sufficiently ingenious to manage   She stood beside her brothers on
the stratafgem. IXtirialn watched the the other side of the sea, and listened
ark faithld ully as it rested among the with admiration, " As God opened the
flags by the rivers brink until Pha- mouths of the dumb, and made the
raoh's dauIghter cane with her maid- tongues of infants eloquent."
cns to wash. She saw thei passing   She heard the song of victory sung
along near the shore, and close to the by M3oses and the children of Israel,
spot under her eye, her heart fluttered as they drowned the roar of the reand her whole soul was full of an1- cently closed sea, with melody such
iety. She thought to herself, they as human voices had never made bemay pass that spot, and ltheir atten- fore. And she headed a company of
tion not be arlestted by the ark and Israel's maidens, whose souls were fired
its inmate.  But her fears were sud- 7ith song, and who were all ready to
denly relieved by the company halting, respond to the eloquence and enrapand one of the maidens approaching tring  ulusic of the men. Scarce
the spot to divine. She saw that the had the last sound of the pacred an'
ark was being brought to the Phin- them  been given  when the excited
ess, and without fearing to be con- prophetess, folloved by the wonen
sidered an intruder, she approached attending her, led of in thae chorus
-the royal lady and looked, with them, She soundedwith seeming wonder and astonish -           he 0loud timbrel o'er Egypt's dark sea:
meat at the b3abe. It was a babe on  Jehovah has triumphed, his people are fee."
which she had often looked before,   Miriam was a tender and affectionate
but that fact slhe artfully concealed. sister, and never but once in all their
Addressing herself to the Princess, trials did she wound the heart of Moshe said:  "Shall I go and call a ses. She was associated with Aaron in
nurse for the child?"  The lady said speaking against him  in relation to
yes. Sho went accordingly, and called Zipporah, his wife. It is possible that
the clild's 1mother and her own they thought his wife's relations had
mnother, so that under the 1nanage- too much influence over him, since his
umeut of MLiriam, IIoses' own mother father-in-law induced him  to appoint
becalame Ihis nurse.                  officers over thousands, hundreds, and
M3iriam  had been trained up, as\ tens, and Moses gave evidence that he
were Aaron and [loses, in the re- thought much of Hobab. hI-e had said
ligion of patriarchs, which accounts to them, " Come thou with us and we
for her occupying the high position will do thee good, for the Lord bath
she held anmong the women of Israel. spoken good concerning Israel. " Aaron
She was constituted joint leader with and lMiriam were alike guilty. Their
her two brothers. The prophet li- brother did not attempt to reproach




BMIER               [333 1             MOA
them for their unkindness to him. But M I T H-I R E D A T EH, 1 —[  itE/-'-eGod directs the three to enter the tab-  dath.]
ernacle, and then he charges the sin   Was the treasurer of Cy-ms, king
upon Aaron and Miriam. The punish- of Persia, to who1m the vessels of Jement inflicted upon Miriam seemed to rusalemn's temple were comnmted, to
be severe —she became' leprous, as be transferred to Sheshbazzar. iEzra,.
white as snow."  The affectionate 3Mo- i: 8.
ses forgave her and earnestly prayed
for her restoration. His prayer was M:gITIgLEDATI,. 
heard, the disease destroyed, and at.  Was a Persian offieer stationed at
the end of seven days she resumed her Samaria by Artaxerxes. Ezra, iv: 7.
labors in the camp.
Miriam bore her share of toil, sulffer-   ZRAlM- [Miz-ra'-i,] tribulation
ing and reproach.  With her gifted       in; straits.
mind and warm heart, her' noble and   MIZRAIz I  was the son of 1Halm, and
generous nature, and her devotion to -the faIther of Ludim, Anamnim, Lethe God of Israel, she acted in union habiim, Naphtuhiml, Pathrusim, and
with her brothers in promoting and Casluhimr.  Genlsis, x: 6; 13: 14.
maintaining order, and elevating her The descendants of Iizraim were cerpeople.                              tainly very numerous, for, fronm  CasluFor nearly forty years she had thus him, the last named, sprang the nation
actedc her part, when the pillar of cloud of the Philistines, "out of who n
and fire led them again to the borders came Philistim."
of Canaan, and they encampedl at Kadesh, in the desert of Sin. Here Mir- MIZZAH-[Miz'-zah.]
iam died and was buried; and we may   MIZZAU was the son ofgeutel, and
well suppose, from the part she had the grandson of Esau. Gen. xxxvi: 13.
acted so long, the Jewish women greatly
mourned her departure. But her work M N A S O N —[Na/-son,] a dilligent
was done; the infirmities of age were    seeker, betrotfing, c'a  exhlorter.
upon her, for she was one hundred and
thirty years old. Her brot.hers both   MNASON was a discip!e of Christ in
followed her to the spirit-land in less the apostolic age, converted by Christ
than one year; hence, neither of them  himself, and was put into the rank of
attained her age.                    the seventy disciples. Mention is nmade
of him  in Acts xxi: 16. He lived at
MIiSHAEL, 1 - [M1i-sha'-el,] asked Jerusalem, and while Paul was there,
for, lent, God takes away.        some of the disciples of Cesarea, who
He is referred to in Ex. vi: 22, as probably were acquainted with M3Inason
the eldest son of Uzziel and a de- and knew  him  a s an old disciple,
scendant of Kohath, the son of Levi. brought hinm into the presence of Paul,
and he invited the apostle to lodge with.
h IStHAEL, 2-Asked for, lent, God him, and lie did so until he was appretalkes away.                     hended by a mob and imprisoned.
Was also a Levite, and was one of
those who were associated with Ezra MOAB-Of tie father.
and Nehemiah in reading and inter-   MOAB was the son of Lot, by his
preting the law to the people. Neh. eldest daughter. From Gen. xix, we
viii: 4.                             learn of Lot's departure from Sodom,
where he dwelt with his wife and his
MIISHAEL, 3 —Asked for, lent, God two daughters.  His wife was puntakes away.                      ished with death for her disobedience,
Was one of the captives t-aken to and his daughters went on with him
Babylon with Daniel, and whom the to the city of Zoar, where Lot was unprince of the eunuchs called lMeshech. willing to tarry long, and with the
Dan. i: 6. [See Meshech.]            daughters he went and dwelt in a; cave
in the imountains. And while dwellM-TISHMA-[Mishl'-nah.]               ing there he conmiRtted sin against
Was the son of Ishmael and the God by drankenness and what too
grandson of Abraham. Gen. xxv: 14. often accompanies drunkenness.




QOA                [334]              itOR
Moab and his posterity dwelt in the to have had the face of an ox. It was
land of Moab, and were associated a brazen image, and hollow within;
with the Ammonites and Midianites. and the fire was placed within it to
The former conquered them, taking heat it, that it might byurn the offerall their territory north of the river ings that were made to it, and it is
Arnon.  Num. xxi: 26. After this clearly intimated that various nations
Balak, the son of Ziphor, became sacrificed their children unto it. 2d
king of Moab, and hired 1Balaam to Chron. xxviii: 3; Jer. vii: 31.
curse the Hebrews and as a punish-   The Divine Being prohibited,
ment God decreed ihat the Mloabites, among the Hebrews, the worship of
with the Ammonites, who would not let Moloch. Lev. xviii: 21. They were
Israel pass through their land, should sometimes guilty of breaking over
not enter the congregation of Israel to God's charge in this mnatter, and Stethe tenth generation. Pelt. xxiii: 3-6. phen refers to it in his defen s e.
The posterity of Moab were enemies Acts vii: 43. "Yea, ye took up the
to the Helebrews, and under Eglon, tabernacle of  Moloch1   and the star of
their king, subjeeted the Hebrews to your god Remphan," &e.
oppression for eighteen years; but at
length they were delivered; for Elud, MORDEICAi-[Mor'-de-kaj, coatria judge of Israel, killed Eglon, and    tionZ, bitter, br'using; i~ S-yriac,
the Hebrew troopskilled ten thousand    p ztre inyrrh.
-of the Moabiteg,, and thereby recov-   3IOnRDECAI was the son of Jair, of
ered their liberty. Jud. iii.       the family of Saul and Kish, and one
It was among this people t1mt Elim- of the chief of the tribe of Benja,elec h1, with his family, sought a home min.  He was carried to Babylon
during a f;nine in Canaan, and the with- Jehoiachirn, king  of Judah,
sons, 1Mahlon and Chilion married when he was quite young. For his
3loabitsh women, Buth and Orpah, history we depend mainly upon the
Ruth i. We have an account in 1st book of Esther for he was a kinsmsan
-Sam. xiv: 47, of Saul, the first king of her, and had cLatrge of her in her
of Israel warring with the Moabites, orphanage: It has, beent thought that
for they were still the enemies of Is- he was one of the chiefs who conrael. And yet when David fled fron  ducted the Jews from  Babylon to
the violence of Saul, being persecuted Judea, as the name occurs in Neh.
by hira at one time, le went to the vii: 7, among the princes who atland of Moab and securecd the protec- tended Zerubtabel.  But if he did
tion of that king for his aged parents. he must have retu-nmed again to ShuIt may be, since David's gre a grand- shan in Persia.
moth1Yer was a M oabite, Ruth, hirs   Mordecai agreed that Esther his
father's grand-mother, he claimed cousin should be counted among the
protection on- that ground for them,  fir young virgins, and should be
and he secur-ed it. 1st Sam. xxii: 4. placed in the charge of Hegai, the
It is thought by some that the Mtoab- king's chamberlain, and stand her
ites killeedthe aged parents of David, chance in the company to be selected.and that was the reason why David as queen in the stead of Vashti, who
-afterwards so terribly rpwava l their had been deposed.  And Mordecai
country, and reduced the soldiery that charged her not to show her kindred,
he took as prisoners of war to such as that might be prejudicial to her
base servitude. 2d Samuel viii: 1, 2. interests with the kinr, and he himHe smote Moab, and measured them  self walked e v e r y  ay before the
with a line, casting them down to the court of the women's house, that he
ground; even with two lines measured might know how she did and wlat
he to put to death, and with one fall became of her.
line Jto keep  alive," from which we   It may be possible that MBordecai
may suppose that he put two-thirds of occupied some honorable position as
them to death.                      an officer of the king, if not before,
immediately after the marriage of
MOLOCH —[Mo'-lok,] kiing.           Esther. For he "sat in the king's
MILOCEo, or Molech was the princi- gate."  About this time two of the
pal idol of the Ammonites.  It is said king's chamberlains conspired against




-oIR                [335]    -            OS
him to kill him; they were Bigthan of them  read which mentioned MoraVnc  Teresh; what it was, or how they cdai as the discoverer of the two traitintencded to efeet, their purpose is not ors who had planned to destroy his
known, but Mordcecai learned of it, life, and wheon he found that no reward
and lie informied the quueen-she gave I ad been given Mordecai, he deterthe information to the king and the muined to imake up this lack and nobly
traitors were convicted and hanged, reward this man. tn-Lmanl came early
and  the  clrcumstance recorded in in the morning to the court, to procure
tihe chronoicles of the nation, and the signature of the king to a death
MBordecar's name was ceterod there as warrant hoi had drawn up for MIordecai,
the king's deliverer in this his ima- or to p)rocure pernlission to han, him
mlnent peril.                         on the gallows he had erected for that
The prinme minister of king Ahasu- purpose. But what, was the consternaerus, 1aman by nme, was greatly tion of ianman, when the king bade
honored in that the king comman ded him do honor to Miordecai by seAting
all his servants to bow  before and him on the king's own horse, and himreverence him.  Mlordecai, however, self leading the h-orse through the
for somue reason  would not do it. streets of the city, anrd proclaiming,
-Halan becamle -very angry, and on "Thus shall it be done to thle ian
learnig th;at he was a Jew —scorn:ing whom the king delig.hteth to honor."
to lay hbands simply on 3Mordecai lhe After this honor had been done iMorumeditated revenge on all the Jews. decai, he return-d to the kin's gate.
He laid a plot to destroy them  all IH-e went back again to his position,
throughout the entire kingdom  and (and to the performasnce  of his w ork
succeeded initsofar that Ihe procured and office, whatever r, was.
a royal edict for a general massacre of   Before the nigh  oI that ciay I..nn..
the: nation. Mordecai heard of this was condemed  aned anhanged on the gadecree and imlmediately informned Es- lows he lhad erected onl whi'ch to liaing
ther, and earnestly begged that she Mordecai, and!Mordecai was pro motcd
would intercede with the king for the to his office. As soen as he took his
life of ler' people.  She sent himnl position as prime minister, in company
back word that she had no oppOTtu- with Esther he sent letters to the differnity, for she had not been called into ent urovinces of the enmpirereverin,
the presence of the king for thirty so efr as it could be reversed, the fordays, and there was a law punishing mer decree, and so stopped the massawith death any one who went into the cre of their naton.
king's presence uncalled.  Mordeeai    iornleeai was clothed in royal ai>feeling that it was a desperate case, parel, a1nd not only enjoyed the esteem
sent back to Esther a soleman charge of the king, hut the respect of the
in the following langnguage, Esther, iv: p eople of Shbs han and tire whole realm.,
14.':  or if thou altogether holdest'The city of Shushan rejoiced and was
thy peace athiis time, then shall there glad."  But he became great in the
enlargeineot and deliverance arise to king's house, and his. fame was noised
the J ews from   u anoter place; but through all the provinces,  " for this
thou and thy fitther's house shalt be mlan Mordecai waxed  greater and
destroyed; and  who knoweth, but greater." He, in company with Estler,
thou art colme to  the kingdom  for instituted the feast of Purim, or Lots,
suchL a time as this?"                and enjoined it upon the Jews to'be
At the request of Esther, 3Mordecai observed as an annual feast, to comcau3sed all the the Jews in Shushan to memorate their deliverance.
fast three days for her, or rather for  IHe continued for several years to filI
success in the attempts she would make the important post to which, in the
to rescue her People. While Esther providence of God, he had been called
and her maidens were fasting in the in that nation.
palace, Mfordecai.and the Jews were
fasting without, and God in his provi- IMOSES-[Mo'-zez,] taken out of the
dence was working upon the heart and      water.
mind of the king. Ahasuerus had a
sleepless night, and he called for the   Moss was the brother of Aaron and
annals of the nation and had that part M iriam  and the son of Amram, and




3MOs                r[336]               Mos
Jochebed. His birth is an-nounced in procured for t he child.  A  Hebrew
Exodus, ii: 2.                        nurse.
After Joseph d i e d another king'The anxious m o t h e r herself was
arose in IlEgypt, w4ho did not approve callcd, and cntrusted, for wNages, with
o-i the stem of government brought the care of the child.  I-How nmust that
about and susta-ined   hy Joseph; and mother's heart have boundced  with joy,
that king began to deal hard with, and when all alone that night she c!asped
affliet the children of Israel, who had to her bosom her precious chrarge  and
become very numnerous. Task masters thouvght of the adventures of the clay!
were appointed over them, and burdens Flow her heart swelled with gratitldoe
were imposed upon them beyond endu- to God that his hand lhd provided her
rance, yet still they prospered.  Their child a shelter and a home under her
lives were made better as the chaBins of own roof, and a-cradle in her owvn arma.
bondage were riveted tighter, and the   Moses beemtne the adclopted son of
yoke o-f their service made more and Pharaoh's dcaughter, and received his
more galling. At length the king nlade na-me from her. The reason she gave
known his pleasure th:lroughout the en- for namnin him ioses, was, "because
tire country regarding the Hebrews, I drew him out of the water."  He
which was that their male children was learned in all the wisdomi of tlhe
should be put to death as soon as they EgyptRians; aind it is said, by ta Jewish
were born.  Not succeeding in his first writer, that he was appo:nted, and
attempt, he sent forth an edict to all served, as general of the PEgyptian
his people, that Israeltish lnale children forces.
should be cast into the river as soon as   When he was ab out forty- years or
tiey were born, and thus the incre-ase age-rememibering,  it, may be, somic
of tIe nation be stopped.             of the faets that had- been given hium
iMoses wTas born durhing  this crauel  by his mother regarding his 0oppressbd
edict, but his birth was kept secret for people, and, guiided by the principles
three months, for his parents hid Im. of thle religion of the patriarchs that
When they found they could no longer had been instilled into his micd in
hide him, his mother nmade a small his earliest educat-on — lit came in-to
boat, or basket, of the reeds that grew  his 1eart to visit his brethren." And
on the bank of the Nile, and making it while he looked upon themi In their
water-proof, she placed her babe ten- sorrows, and behelld the burndens that
derly in it, then committed it to the were laid upon the-li by their taskmasriver. She placed it upon the water ters, his soul was stir ed within him.
amonng the flags by the brink, or near He saw an Egyptian taskniaster smitthe shore.                            ing one of his brethren, a Hebrew.
Not long afterw.ards the k i n g' s Itis probhable that Moses, considering
daughter was passing along, antd hav- himself justifiable according to the
ing her attention attracted by the boat, law God gave to Noah-" whoso shedshe bade one of her maidens bring it deth man's blood, by man shall his
to the shore, take it out of the water, blood be shed "-made himself the
and place it beside her on the bank. avenger of blood by killing the EgypShe took off the COVeTiDg and diseov- tian, and then buried him. in the sand
ered the bteautiful babe. Though the of the liver. It was but a few hours
little child may have learned to recog- afterward, still anxious about his opnize its mother, before its commitment pressed people, that lie was walking
to the ark, and after being awaked from  out again, and he saw two Hebrews
its inant sleep, it nmay have met the striving together. He approached
eye of the wonman with an innocent them  and would have made up the
smile. Yet this was not the mother difference between them, when one
bending over it, with a heart filled of them  addressed him roughly and
with love and anxious care, but the clharged him with the murder of the
daughter of Pharoah and her maidens. Egyptian yesterday. He had hoped
The countenances of all being strange, that the transaction referred to was
it may have been afraid, for it wept. not known; but in this he was umisThis f-ear and seeming distress awak- taken. And it was not long nrtil it
ened t he compassion of the woman, came to the ears of Pharaoh, and he
and she gave orders that a nurse be sought Moses to slay himi. He felt




MOS                 [337)               MOS
that the time hlad now come for him  point him to so great a work.  I-Ie disto leave that land; and, as the apostle trusted himself; but God assured him
informs us, Hebrews, xi: 24, &c., " By that he should prosper, and that his
faith Moses, when he was come to people should be brought out of Egypt
years, refused to be called the son of and serve him in this mountain.  God
Pharaoh's danughter; choosing rather condescended to give him an answer to
to suffer affliction with the people of the question he asked —' What shall I
God, th-an to enjoy the pleasures of say to my people when they ask, What
sin for a season; esteeming' the re- is the na'me of him that sent you'
proach of Christ greater ricles than God said unto him, "Say unto tlem,
the treasures of Egypt: for he had I Am hath sent me unto you.' And
respeect unto the recompense of the as though this was not enougah to sat-,
reward."  He fled from the land of isfy Moses, God said unto him, "What
Egypt to the land of Midian.         is that in thine handl?  And he said,
He sat down, one day, wearied, near A rod. And he said, Cast it on the
a well in Midian, and while there the ground. And he cast it on the ground,.
daughters of Jethro came to the well and it bec-ame a serpent."  Moses was
to water their father's flocks. Just afr'aid and fled before the serpent; but.
after they had filled the troughs with the Lord commanded him to take it by
water, some barbarous fellows, who the tail, and as he did so it became a
had also flocks in their charge which rod in his hand again.
they wished to water, made an at-   That rod of loses in all probabilitytempt to drive the daughters of Je- was talen down into Egypt, and with
thro away.  Ml]oses came to their it mighty signs a-nd wonders were,
assistance and drove these men away, wrolght to convince Pharaoh that his
and then helped them to water their message was a heavenly one.  After —
floclks. They reported his kindness ward held in the hand of Mioses, it was
to their father, and he bade them call stretched over the waters of the Red.
him in to take some refreshments; Sea, and thev divided so that a road:
and soon we see Moses with a shep- was made for' srael to pass over. And
herd's crook in his hand, in the employ again it was stretched out, and the.
of Jethro, the priest of Midian, feeding waters came back to their place, and.
his flock in the desert near Horeb.    Pharaoh and his hosts were drowned.
While Moses was engaged in faith- When the Israelites were in the wilderfully watchisng his fleecy charge, his at- ness it was used for smiting the flinty
tention was arrested one day by the rock, and the waters gushed forth to
angel of the Lord, who "appeared unto quench the thirst of the famishing
him  n1 a flame of fire out of the midst thousands. And it may be that was
of a bush."  lie saw the bush in the same rod that afterwards-was called
flames. It was a wonderful phenom- Aaron's rod, that budded. and blosenon, and especially so as the hush was somed and bore almonds in a single
not consLuned. HIe said, "' 1 will ap- night, and so was the mlleans of settling
proach and seethis great sight., why the the vexed question as to who should
bush is not burnt."' Well might Mo- senrve in the important office of the
ses call it a great sight, for it was the priesthood. From the time that Moses.
presence andl glory of the uncreated'roduced the budded rod the priestspirit —the Eternal GC-od. As he ap- tood was decided to be in the family
proeached the Lord saw him, and from  of Aaron, and the rod was laid up as aout the blazing fire spake thus: " io- standing memorial of God's decision.
ses, Moses, draw not nigh hither; pull   And yet still frt h e r to satisfy
off thy shoes, for the place whereon 3Moses of his mission, the Lord said
thou standest is holy ground."  He unto him, "Put now thy hand into
obeyed the divine injunction, and with thy bosom; and he put his hand into
sacred ceremony was set apart by Je- his bosom, and when he took it out,
hovah for the important work of eman- behold his hand was leprous as snow.
cipating his down-trodden andl deeply And he said put thy hand into thy
injured countrymen.  At first Moses bosom again, and he put his hand intoa
made objection to entering upon this his bosom again, and plucked it out
work, feeling his insufficiency.  lie of his bosom, and behold it was,
seem-ed surprised that God should ap- turned as hi3 other flesh."r
22




IMOS                [338]                MOs
The Lord also iniormed hlim that and begin the work of their great and
he should give other signs to the import nt mission.
Egyptians, i' these were not sufficient.  A-f-ter mlaking their mission known to
But l, oses ventul red still.another oh- the elders of Israel, they wen't into the
jeetion to, ta.king upon himself the presence of the king and delivered their
work an(d1  ohice of eimancipator  of messagee, simple, yet fraugllht with inIsrael.  "O mly Lord, I an  not elo- tense interest to them  and their opcquent, neiter hereto o-re nor since pressed p e o p I e.  Pharaoh replied
thou hast spokell unto thy servant, harshly to their request,' Who is Jeb-ut I am slow of speech and of a hovah, that I should obey his voice to
slow tongue."                         let Israel go?"  M oses proceded to
It may be- that the meaning of expostulate with him, but. Pharaoh beMoses was, h-e was not suffeiently ac- came angry and ordered that the burdens
ecnstomedl to thle use of the Hebrew  of t h e unofiending Hebrews be inIan gIuaige sploken by the Israelites at creased.  Under the direction of God,
that time, to speak it distinctly and plagues of blood, frogs, lice, flies, murfluently, for he htad been brought up raein, boils, and blains hail, locusts,
frolm.childhood as the adopted son of darkness, and finally  1eath in every
Pharaoh's danughter, in the Egyptian family were brought upon the Egypcourt until fort yenrs of age; and  tians. By the hand of Moses and'beside that;, le hacl been forty years Aairon, the HIebrews were led out front
in the land of Midian. And though under the, land of their oppressors mtd
the Eg'ypi'an language, as that of the began their journey towards Canaan.
Midianites, might have been very sin-   By the way or Succoth and Etham,
ilar to thle Ilebrew, yet it is hardly MIose  led the children of Israel being
likely thatl it was his own language. guided by the pillar of cloud and fire, to
But i nlaay be tthat Moses hadcl an ira- a point onlthe  ed Sea. Here his meek
prediment in hi speechi, tlonug  it is cpirik was greatly grieved by reproaches
said, Acts, vli: 2, " he vwas mighty in heapoed  upon him  by thie murnurinl
word andl in deecc."  Bt the Lord  sra.'eli tes. They chargecd him  w it t
removed this objection also, and gave bringring tlhem there to die.  He did not
him iAaron, the Levite, hiis brother, reproach thema in turn, but bade them
to be tie spoklesmna  for him-unto the " stad still and see the salvation of
people. See Exodusi ii, ilianud iv.    God."'  He then engaged in earnest
3Moses took an afiectionate leave of praycer, committed himself and his peohis father-ii-law, and with his wiife pIC, with their interests, into the hands.anld th o two eons that were born unto of God. The answer to his petition
himi, Gershom  a.nd Eleazar, and he came, " Speak to Israel, that they go
startel for t h land of Egypt, but as forward. " And so he led theml through
they st.opped ai an inn by the way, an the way opened up in the sea, and.angel throe't'caed to slay Moses on ac- Pharaoh and his hosts essaying to folcount.i it is t-hought, of his neglect to low were drowned.  And IMoses and all
circumcise  hi; chillcdren..  To prevent, Israel joined in a song of triumph to
his deathl  Zlpporah performCd the God, their deliverer.  Exodus, xv.
rite and tilen with ra strange degree   Ere three days were passed the Isof warlrat of tenmper said to MIoses, raelites hwere again reproacling Moses,
"surely a bloody husband art thou to because that the waters of the spring
nue."  It rmay be tnat this was the of Marah were bitter. He sought direason  why Zi p p o  ah  and  her reetion of God, and was shown a tree
children  retuirned  to  their fait.er. wtich, whenhle had cast into the waters,
It was not long after this until they were made sweet.  In the desert
Moses, as he was pursuing his of Sin t hey murmured aailn, and
j o u r n e y alone, met Aaron, his charged M<os3eswiththe design of kill-'brother. The meeting Was te nd e r ing them  all with hunger in bringing.and afiectionate —obr ofrty years they them into that wilderness, for their suphad been a.bsent from each other — bu  ply of provisions was exhausted.  Soon
now that they Imeet and emnibrace each their complainings were stopped by a
other, they find that the fire of true supply o-' quails for flesh, and manna
bro'herly afteet-lon had not expired. for bread, and the manna continued to'In company they go down into Egypt, be supplied them for forty years.




xMOS'[33M9]             BOS
Soon they were murmuring again be- him; veiling himself he came into,cause of a lack of water to drink, and their -midst and declared to them all
M'Ioses, standing on the rock of t-Ioreb, the words of the Lord.
with the rod in his hand, smote the   Aaron and Miriam fbr some cause
-rock and a fountain was opened there, became dissatisfied with 3Moses, and
and the murmuring thousands of Israel complained of him.  They had been
-quenched their thirst, not only for the associated with him  in bringing the
timte being, but the waters flowed along   children out of Egyptian bondage,
the way of their future travels and sup- and his sister was the leading female
plied them for years.               in the camp.  They thought that in
W h e n  Israel were encamped at the administration of the affairs of
Sinai, Moses went up under the di- the government they did not share as
reetion of God to the top of the largely as they should. Moses heard
mountain, and amid the folds of that their complaints, but practiced the
-majestic cloud, that terrified a n d same meekiness which had marked
struck with awe, the hosts of Israel him in his course up to that time.
by its blackness and thunder, he Though deeply injured and depressed
received the ten commandments, and in spirits, he was silent under their
bearing the tables on which they were reproaches.
written in his arms, he came down   Shortly afterward while they were
after an absence of forty days from  in the tabernacle, God declared the
his people.  I-Ie bad been all that faithfulness and innocence of Moses,
time in glorious converse with God-l and charged upon them their sin in
fasting he had devoted himself to the speaking against his servant. As the
interests of his people. But as he cloud of divine presence began to.
came down he beheld the cause of withdraw, they understood that God
the divine anger, which had been in- was angry with them and Aaron feartimated  to  him  when he left the ing, looked upon iiriam  "and bemountain summit.  Israel was en- held she was leprous, white as snow."
gaged, in idolatry. Moses beheld their The fear of Aaron increased to dread
wickedness in sorrow —his soul was alarm-for before him in his leprous
grieved, especially  that God  was sister was a terrible token of God's
threatening to remove from them the displeasure. Rie prayed for forgivesymubols of his presence.  Throwing ness for his sin, and turning to'loses,down the tables of the law he brake he entreated him to pray for Miriam,
them in pieces and began earnestly to Moses always ready to forgive injuplead with God for the offenders. ies,  earnestly supplicated God in
His prayer of faith prevailed.  After behalf of his sister. His prayer was.Yoses had destroyed the golden calf, heard and her sin was forgiven, and
the object of the worship of the mul- the disease removed and after seven
titude, and called Aaron his brother days she entered the camp and re-.
to an accornt for his conduct —he set sumed her labors.
the sin of the people before them,   Moses led the children of Israel to
and earnestly prayed for them  again. the borders of Canaan, and, selecting
O how must his soul have bee n twelve of their chief mnen, he sent
pressed when lie said in prayer, " For- them to spy out the land and bring
give the sin of this people; if not back a report. They were  to report
blot me I pray thee, out of thy book concerning the inhabitants, whether
which thou hast written."           they were "strong or weak, many or
The Lord conmmanded Moses to few;" whether they dwelt in tents or
hew out two tables of stone like unto strongholds'; and whethler the land
the first, and take them up on to the was fat or lean, wooded or not; and.mountain.  IIe did so and after re- whether it was productive or not; and.ceiving a variety of instructions with to bring of the fruits of the land.
the re-written decalogne —forty days The spies made their search and rebeing ended he went down from the turned, and, with the exception of
mount; but so glorious was his ap-. two of them, they brought back an,pearance that Aaron and the:children evil report. This evil report of the:of Israel could not look upon him for ten created fear in nearly all the conthe halo of:glory that surrounded gregation; and soon they were mur



MO1S               [340]              MOS
muring against Moses and Aaron, and   About four months after this, Aaron
a spirit of mutiny was clearly visible, was called up to Mi.t. Hor, and by
for they proposed selecting a captain Moses divested of the vestments of
and returning into Egypt. Moses be- his office, when he y i e 1 d e d up his
held their sin with sorrow, and he spirit to God and joined the pure:
heard the threatening of the divine spirit of his sister, who had preceeded.
being to cast them off utterly. Again. him. And Moses put the robes of
he resorted to, prayer.  His prayer Aaron upon Eleazar, his son, and conwas answered, but a sentence was pro- stituted him his successor.
nounced against the whole murmur-   A few months after this, Moses reing congregation-that their carcasses eiveld warning- of his approaching
should fall in. the wilderness, and end. The Lord let him  know that
that forforty years they should wan- because of his fault in the desert of
der from place to place, and die, and Sin, he should not pass over Jordan,.
that Caleb and Joshua,: of the old and enter'the promised land; but yet
stock, alone should enter the prom- he should be fiavored- with a view of
ised land.                         that country from the summit of a
An extensive mutiny-broke out neighboring mountain.  After apafter this, in which there were two pointing Joshua: his. successor, and
hundred and fifty princes of the con- settling the portion for l.euben,. Gad
gregation, headed by Korah, Dathan, and the half-tribe of Manasseh, on
andl Abiram. It was a very extensive the east side of Jordan,.in the already
and formidable rebellion. Moses again conquered country,.he made arrangeresorted to prayer. After which he ments for his departure'.  He then
A1sked those heading the rebellion to gives his instructions;and charges to
hold an interview with him.  This the people: and Joshua,. and at the.
they would not do, but continued in. age of one hundred and twenty years,
their opposition to, Moses and the he ascends Nebo at the command of
Lordcl.; and the; next day the earth the Lord, and takes a view of the
openedcl and swallowed up these guilty promised land.
leaders, with those who adhered to   Behold him as he closes his address
them. -Before the mutinous spirit and pronounces his last benedictions.
was fully quelled and the priesthood upon the people he had so long served.
was miraculously decided to be in the He takes an affectionate leave of all,
family of Aaron, fourteen thousand but especially of the elders of Israel,
seven hundred guilty ones perished.  of E 1 e a z a r, the. successor of his
When the forty years Israel was brother,.and Joshua, his own' succesdestined to wander in the wilderness sor. He. climbs the mountain side all
were coming to a close, and nearly: all alone, and finally'reaches Pisgah, its
of the generation that came out of suummit, and with. his vision strengthEgypt were dead,. and a new genera-. eneld, he stands and looks, upon. the,
tion was risen up under the laws and land flowing with milk and honey.
regulations that governed them  in Its hills and plains, mountains and
their-tented. state, with. the noble ex- valleys, rose up before him, and his
ample of their great leader before them, soul was filled with rapture as he saw'
they drew near again to: the promised its coming greatness. Having his de —
land. Andl while theywere camped at sires fully satisfied, he laid him. down
Kadesh,. Moses was called to part with upon. the mountain top,.and slept the
his beloved sister Miriam. She had thile sleep of death.  He closed hlis:
done a noble part toward elevating eyes after looking: upon the earthly
her people, and had borne her' share Canaan, and waked up. amid the joys,
of toil and- suffering with her broth — of the heavenly Canaan, and joined
ers. Miriam died in Kadesh and was at once in the enrapturing anthems
buried there. The sensitive heart of of glory, with Abraham, Isaac and
the meek Moses was pained as he Jacob, Aaron and Miriamr. Having,
paid the last tribute of respect to the died, his mortal remains were interedi
memory of her "who had acted the by God himself, (an honor which nol
double part of sister and mother " for. other human being has ever received}
him, and who probably never acted in a valley, in the land of Moab, and
unkindly toward him but once..     no man knoweth his grave until this;




MOS                13411              N AA
iday. See Exodus, xxxiii; Numbers, rior who drew the bow at a venture and
xi: 7; Deuteronomy, i: xxxiv: &c.   smote Ahab. The death of that king
Moses appeared with Elias in a is referred to in 1st Kings, xxii: 34;
glorified body on the mount -of trans- and the deliverance lhe had given to
figuration. Matthew xvii: 1-6.      Syria is supposed to allude to his slayHe wrote thefirst Ave books of the ing Ahab, the king of Israel, in conse.
Bible, and the nine tie  th Psalm. cuence of which the Syrians obtained
Other writings are ascribed to him by thie victory. It is further said, " he,the Jews, but these alone the spirit was a mighty man of valor," by which
of inspiration has ascribed to him.    we may understand that he was an able
iHe was an illustrious type of Christ and experienced general.
and his name and character is destined   But of Naaman it is said, he was a
to go down to the latest generation of leper. This was a very heavy affliction,man, and the redeemed in Heaven are inde-ed for one occupying the position
to sing the song of " Moses and the he did. He not only felt it keenly but
Lamb."                              his king also felt it. It was very hum1-'
bling to him, and a great tax uipon his
MOZA, 11-Mo/'sz                     grandeur. So anxious was the ling
Was the son of Caleb, the son of about Neamnan, his general, that when
Hezvon. 1st Chron. ii: 4(.          he heard, through a little captive maid
in the house.of Naamllan, that t.here
MOZgA,4 2.                          was a prophet in Israel who could cure
Was a son of Zimri, and a descend- Naaman, he sent a letter unto the king
ant of Saul. 1st Chron. viii: 36.   of Israel, se-tting forth the case of his
servant, and asking that he would have
XM-UPPIM —[3Aup'lpim,]              him curlA; and he sent with it a
Was one of the sons of  renijamin, present of ten talents of silver and six
and was numbered with the family of thousand pieces of g o 1 d, and ten
Jacob, who went down into EgyTpt, changes of raiment. Wh1en the king
Gen. xlvi': 21.                     of Israel read the letter, he rent his
clothes,and said, "Am11 I God, to kill
M3USIHI-[u/shTii, ]   Aec that touches, and imake alive, that this iman cloth
withdraws.himself.              send to me to cure a man- of his lepVWas the son of Niemrai, the son of rosy?"  He- then concluded that the
KIohath. Exodusn Vi-: 19; 1st Chroni-, Syrian king sought a quarrel witL himm.,:cles, vi.: 19; xxiii: 21; xxwv: 26.  in desiring him thus to do a work that
none but God could -do. Elisha, the
MA  H-[Na'-/ Lmaah,            p1ophet, heard of the circumstance,
Was an Ammonitess, and the and he sent the king word:to send
mother of Rehoboam, the successor of Naaman to him, and the power of the.80olomon, fronm whom the tribes of Is-. God of Israel shoulcl be made manifest
rael revohed and formed the kingdom  in his cure. Jchoram, the king, acof Israel. 1st Kings, xiv: 21.       cordingly sent him, and Naaman with
his chariots and train appeared at the
NAA-[AN, 1 —[Na'-a-man,] beati-i door of the prophet's house. Elisha
fiul, agreeable, Athat prepares himw- did not come out to speak with him,
self to notio,1,                but gave him orders through Gehaz],
Was one of the sons of Benjamin, his servant. The reason Elisha. did not
-and is numbered with the family of go out may be, hedlesired to observe a
Jacob who went dowvn into Egypt. proper distance from  a leper-; or it
Gen. xlvi: 21.                      may be he wished to mortify Naaman's
pride, and manifest clearly that the
NAAMAN, 2-Beautiful, agreeable, cure was wholly of God.  Hle sent orthat prepares himrself to motion.   ders to Naaman to go wash seven times
NAAirAN was a general of Benhadad, in Jordan and'he should be cleansed
-the king of Syria. It is said of him, of his leprosy. It was not because
"he was a great man with his master, there was -any special virtue in the wa-and honorable, because by him  the ters of the Jordan that he bade him do
Lord had given deliverance to Syria." this; but God chose to make this the
Hie has been supposed to be the war- means -by which he would convey heal



NAA                  [342]               NAB'
ing power to Namaanu.  The leper was.alighted from lis chariot, and asked
angry that Elisha showed so little re- him Vwht ivwas his C11esire.  IHe told a
gard for him.  He expected  the Ifalsehood to accomplhlh his end. "Myprophet would come out and stand by  nmaster dlesires a talcet of silver and
him, and irmplore the help of his God, two changes of garmrients, to mneet the,
fand lay his hand upon the part affected wants of -two young pfrophets who have
and cure him; but instead of that, Le just COnme to tllll, ncl are in nccessibids hini go wash in Jordan.  Naaman tous eircu I stV es.RV  He was so gratthen ventured to reason against this ified foil  hat had been clone for himi
mode of proceeding.  "Are not Abana that he comlplied wlvth the rcoenest,
and Pharpar, rivers of Damascus,. better only thant he gave hmtilm  two tilon.c"[ inthan all the waters of Israel?  So he stead of one; and, havingboundc them
turned and went away in a rage." His in the two suitus of clothes, he seint
servant ventured to talk with him as to two of hi's'CeLants to carry therl forthe propriety of following the directions Gehazi. These servants cUrr-ed ithema
of the prophet.  Hec asked hlim to re- as far as the lying c'ervant would permember how cheerfully he would have mnit, whebn they retneLned to tie'.  i massundergone the most painfll operation ter.; Cel._z i laid the pre-ent np as
to get iid of his disease.   l My father,  secretly ns lie could,  when h1e preif the prophet had hlid thee do some,sen'tecl hinilsef bel-fbe Elisha,'nd tJhe
great thin  woulcst thou not have done propl'ct e aske   him where he hacd been.
r?  How much rather, then, when Ie I- -e derecl hI;viing b-een Lanyw iere.
says,v  wash and be clean."  Naaman Elisha then  aive hiss to uvce —Lan'd
was persuaded, and in conformnity to that he cas 2cquain ted with the territhe instructions given him -went to Jor- ble sin he haL-d commnlsted. }eo boldlyI
dan and washed seven titmes, and he chaged hlin with t-he cormmissioln of
was restored;   his fiesli caine again the crime, and aclded:: This is no tbhe
like unto the flesh of a little child, and time for buying neolst, ohlive-ya-,rsd a nd
he was clean."                         vineyards, w1hich;1  hiad intendcle  to,
Naaman, when curled of his leprosy, do witll th ats aoney.  HIe the n told
hurried back to the residence of the him as loe haid vickedly obtained that
proplet and offered him  a present. inoney, Mis i0alsehood,  ncd cove tous-le misade a bold acknowledgment of ness, and treacehery shoeld be reimeilthe fctt that the God of Israel W'as bered  agtinst him, for the lcpro sy
the true God, and he declared his of Naa'man should cleave to h- im and
aith in him.  Elisha would not ac- his posteiity forever.  "Andl he went
cept his present, but received his pro- out of' the presence of Elishea a leper.'ession of faithll i  God, and granted as white,as snow."
him two lnules' burden of Israelitish    As H1azael became the Syrian genearth, that he might build him an altar eoral shortly after this, we suppose that
ior Sacri'icing to Israel's God.  He T-Naaman died, or gave up hisr position
acklnowledoged his wrong in engaging in the armiy.  WTe may safely S-uppose,
mn idolatry, by worshiping the idol of that he remembered  ever after the:
Sysia in the house of' ~Riimmon, when  aevor done him  ing curino hinm o-r sis
he acttended the king of Syria tlhere. leprosy, and that le wonld not' lead.
He confessed his sin, and asked that the Syrians against the  Iebrews.
he might be pardoned, and pledged
himself  theat lie would ever after wor- NARAI-AH-[Na'-a-rah ]
ship the God of Israel.                 One of the wives of Ashur. She.
Naalman went from  the propheti was the monher  of three sons Whose
very joyful, for he was returning to names are given in 1st Chron. iv: 5.
his family, andc kindredl and nation,
clean.  But the servant of the prophet NABAL-[LNa-ba1,] a fool, senseless..
was not pleased that his imaster had   NAPAL was a rich man of the tribe
refused a present fron Naamzan, hence of Judah and a descendant of Caleb,
he followed after him with a view of but he was a very churlish man.  I-ie
securing one, and appropriating it to had large flocks and extensive wealth.
his own private purposes.  Naaman  While David, with his warriors, was
saw him comling, and recognized him  staying in tihe wilderness of Paran, the
as the servant of Elisha.  I-Ie humbly focks of Nabal were pasturing near



NAB                A[343]                 AB
Maon or about 0CtrLemel. David and his vid, occzsioned by the insult offe-ed
men, being near there, protected the him by Nabal,
flocks frorI the wild beasts and also   Abirgail made lhste nmd pIrepared a
from the AraTbs, and, it is supposed, present, consist-ig of two lhundred
often rendered valuable assistance to loaves, and two bot-tles of wine, five
Nabal's herdnmen.                     sheep recady dressed, and five nmeasunes
David hearing that Nabal had a of palrehed corn, and a hundcred Ceussheep-shearing at Carmel, sent ten of ters ofraisuns, and two hlmdred cakces
his young men  to greet him  in his of figs; and sh- then baldce  e  servname, and to desire of hfim a present, ants go on'quicly and L-ee-t 1Bavid,
and left it optional with Nabal ns to and tell h    of ier I IPprarc'l.  All
what the present slhould be.    Give, th;is she did wit  eutu the knowcelr-'e of
I pray thee, whatever cometh to thy her chullishhusbandl. Shc met.ivid
hand, unto thy servants and to thy son and disarmed hi-s rage, and won his
D]avid.   HIe thad a right to demnd  a   feelings and aff-ctionr,  and th reby
present of Nabal for the kidiness he  aved Dvid spilling' the b!ood of N -
had'hownt him, and the essential rer- b,ll anid killing hi; i:nnocent hou evice he and his men had given. D-a- hold. Abigail then wventT hoeln. Navid's kIincness  had been of more ad- bal was still cen.iaged in t'e ~e-st., and
vantage than the service of any cf hbining indul:l:u(d in'.n e   to d7ruc.-entliooe who were bein, honored  by -ess, she  could not oell lim Iliat dcly
Nabal at his feast. Nabal, in a harsh how narrowly he i hd  c:p<ed deOath,
and surly  manner, told ]David's ten but the next mornin'  when h   Ie vyias
messengers that he would not give sober, s]te told hiim tle.-eo t-7 —lu.sr.   She
their master presents; that lIe I:ew  portr-ayed the danCer in toi.n  h TI1h bis
better than to give his p-rox-sions to a conduct had b rougho hbmei-of a'ind
contemnptible fugitive fronm his inaster family.  Tnab. had not t-e.iotug   by
such as David was.  "Who is 3)avidi? refusing David to provoLe  hin  to
and who is the son of Jesse?  There anger, anld thaet he i 1d it in his pow-er
be many servants, now-a-days, that to injure hima;   cind when h is -'i rebreak aw-ay every man from his imas- ported to him tlhe  mnncer in wi-ch
ter.   Now, the request that had been she hcad app ear-'ed h1n w:L,1h, an d
made of him was a very just and reas- E stayed Darvid from sl-aylnf h1im,-'"Naonaele  otie, anti the mannler in whichll bal's heart died wvithin lhiin  nd beit ws ireiused was a very gross insult. canme as a atone.  He wna th n -edrNo wonder, indeed, that his own ser- struck; terrified in a very gi-cat oevants;aid of him, "I-Ie is such a son Taree at what he had done, and how he
of Belial, that one cannot speak to and his fimily had cscakped dcstruchim."  Tbhe moessengrs went backl and tion. Fear orvecamne   abhl, ain d he
infonrmed Dvwid of the treatment they became insensible.  1-Ie was throlwn
lhad received, and DRavlid at once rashly into severe sickness, of vwhich in ten
resolved tlhat he would put TEaal and days he died. See 1st Sam. xxv.
all his family, and all that he had, to
thle sword, that others might be dcle- N A B 0 T H - [Na'-both1]  words,
terred frwom  acti-ngi toward him as Nabal:mrophccies, fit-its.
had. H-le would have execnted his   NABOTI was a JezTeelife, or rather
purpose in this matter, but for the prr- an Israelite of the city of Jezreel
dence, caution and kindness of Abigail, H.e was probably a m-an of consideraNabal's wile. O-ne of NIabal's young ble wealth, for he had a very fine garmen reported to Abigail the manner in den not far from the palace of Aheab
which David's messengers had been the king.  This garden or vineyard 
treated. He referred her to the fact had often attracted  the atuenuion of
that Dlavid had rendered very valuable Ahab a12.nd he desired to own iL -he
assistance to their master Nabal, in that wished to possess it for a kitchen garhe was a "wall unto them by day and den, or as he calls it, a gardcen of
by night, while they were with him  herbs. HeI-  did not wish to take it
keeping the sheep."  The young nman from lNabotl i without compensating
then urged her to take some course, if him  for it; he prop7osed to Lve him
possible, to appease the wrath of Da- the value of it in lmoney.  This recquest seemns at first view to be mai




NAB                [3441             NAD
and honorable, and moreover reason-   Having done this, it is likely thley
able, that Naboth should accommo- destroyed the whole of his family, so
date the king by selling it or ex- that thl inheritance he-a no loanger  an
changing it for another vineyard. heir. When Je-zebel found that NaNab.oth objected to it, because thcee both was stoned and dead, she bade
was a plohibition in the divine law to the king arise and take possession of
alienating an inheritance. Hence le the vineyard, and he did so. But God
answered Ahab's proposal in the fol- remembered this wicked conduct of
lowilng laguage, "God forbid that I Ahab and Jezebel against them, and
should give the inheritance of my His vengeane as the Almighty  God
father's to thee."  Indeed it was out pursued them, and dogs licked the
of the power of an Israelite finally blood of Ahab at the place where Naand forever to alienate the inheri- both was slain, and as for Jezebel, she
t an c e that crame to him from  his was thrown dowm  from a window and
parents. He might sell or mortgage the horses trod upon her, and the does
it till the jubilee year, but then it ate her flesh by the wall of Jezreel.
must revert to the original -owners if See 1st Kings, xxi; 2d Kings, ix: 10
not releemed before.  Lev. xxv: 14,  37.
17, 25, 28.
Ahab was displeased at Naboth NADAB, 1-[Na4-dab,j free and volthat he refused him the garden, and    untary gift, prince.
went to Iris house wi-th a heavy heart,   NADAB was a son of Aaron and the
dispirited and sorfos-ul; he even re- b-other of Abihu. Being the sons of
fused to eat bread. Jezebel his wife Aaron they acted in the sacred o~fce
became greatly concerned about him,  of the priestfhood. The fact of their
and asked him what it was thMt ailed offerian up strange fire unto the Lord,
him, "why is thy spirit so sad and of their sudden and strange death
that thou eatest no bread'?" and he is narrated in Lcev. x. They violated
told her how he desir-ed the vineyard the divine injunctions in some way in
of Naboth, and had offered lim  the perfbrmance of their work, It is
money for it, or another vineyard; said " they took either of them his ceonbut that the man had utterly refused. ser and put fire therein, and put incense
She reDroached him as the king of thereon, and offered strange fire before
Israel for giving such demonstrations the Lord, which he commanded them
of feeling over such a matter. She not. And there went out a fire from
told him as he was the king of Israel the Lord and devoured them, and they
he should not be troubled thus-she died before the Lord."  Why they
bade him make himself easy and she used strange or conmlon fire instead of
would see to it, that the vineyard of sacred, we cannot tell; but from the
Naboth should be given him.  She instructions that immediately followed,
accolmingly wrote letters in Ahab's we are disposed to think that they had
natme and placed on them the signet been indulging in the use of strong
of the kingdom of Israel, and then drink, the consequence of which was
sent the letters to the elders and 3no- their understanding was not clearbles of the city of Jez-eel. She bade their judgment was not correct-they
them proclaim a fast and set Nahoth were not capable of discerning between
on high aumong the people, and then clean and unclean-pure and impure.
set two wicked men to bear witness   It was soon known to Aaron that
against N a bo t h, accusing him of Nadab and Abihl had sinned, and that
blasplhening God and the king —con- God had punished their sin with death;
deimn  him  by those witnesses and and though they were his own children
then carry him out of the city and he dare not murmur or comnplain. He
stone hi-m to death.  These wicked acknowledged by his silence the justand abandoned rulers executed her ness of the divine power thus made
orders. Having set him  on high, known so terribly. Moses gave orders
they brought the charge of treason to two of the priests, BIishael and El-.and blasphemy against him, then con- zaphan, the sons of Uzziel, to go and
demned him and carrying him without take chlarge of the dead bodies, and
{he city, they stoned him with stones carry them without the camp that they
that he dcied.                     might be bufied.




NAD                 [345]               NAH
After Nadab and Abihu had been and no wonder they were slow to agree
taken out and buried, the Lord gave to it. Tihey asked a respite of seven
Moses and Aaron further instructions days, when they agreed to give him an
regarding the sanctity of the priest's answer as to the course they. would
oflice. He charged Aaron not to drink take.  They sent their messengers all
wine or strong drink, he nor his sons, through the kingdoml and inquired if
when they went out into the tabernacle there was no help for them. The mesof the congreg'ation, lest they die as sengers went to Gibeah of Saul, the
those two had died. They were to put place where Saul lived, and told their
a difference between clean and unclean, sorrowful tale in the hearing of the
holy and unholy.                      people, and, deeply sympathizing with
the people of Jabesh-Gilead, those of
NADAB, 2 —free and volunttarygift, Gibeah wept. Saul was coming out
prince.                           of the field after the herd, and he
NADAB was a king of Israel.  He asked what ailed the people that they
was the son and successor of Jeroboanm. wept; and they told him the tidings
ist Kings, xiv: 20; xv: 25, &c. IHe that had come friom Jabesh-Gileadbegan to reign over Israel in the second that Nahlash had besieged the city and
year of Asa, king of Judah, and reigned and offered them the humbling condibut two years.  N a da b walked all tions of a covenant, that of putting
through his reign in the sins of Jero- out the right eye of each one.  It
beam, his father.  I-e was slain by is said that the Spirit of God came
Baasha at Gibbethon, a city in the upon Saul. Hle felt himself strongly
tribe of Dan. Baasha not only smote excited to attempt their relief.  He
Navdab, but he smote all the houae of felt that he ought to espouse their cause,
Jeroboalm.  According to the saying and that if he did lie would have sucof Ahijah, the Shibonite, God made cess. I-Ie hewed a yoke of oxen in
one wicked maTn to slay another.  1st pieces, and sent them in pieces thoughKings, xiv:i10-14.                   out all the coasts of Israel, thereby
calling the warriors together, to defend
NAHAPIAI-[Na-har'-i,i my nost)rils, their bretlhren. The people heard the
hoarse, hot,                     call and came out with one consent.
The Beerothite, was one of David's They rendezvoused in Bezek to the
nighty men.  2dc Sam. xxiii: 37.     nunmber of three hundred and fifty
thousand men, mnarshalled under Saul
NAaIASH, -1-[Na'-hash,   ] sacdee, one for battle,. and putting the army in
thatfortcllsj brass.             t hre e  companies o r divisions, he
mlarched all night, and came to the
NAIASI wvavLs at Iking of the Alllon- camp of the Ammonites about dayites.  1st Sam. xi. It is said he came break and slew them, and so delivered
up  andcl encamped  against Jabesh- the inhabitants of Jabeshl-Gilead, as
Gilead.  When the inhabitants of the the A-immonites "were scattered so that
city saw theml they were affrighted, for two of them  were not left together."
they saw they were in no condition to It is quite likely that Nahash escaped,
enter on a war with Nahash, and hence and it mnay be lie was the same person
they made a proposition to enter on a who afterwards showed kindness to
course of servitude to  himl.  They David. He is referred to as the king
said:' "Make a covenant with us and of Anemmon and the father of Hianun,
we will serve thee."  Nahash agreed to whom  David showed kindness for
to it, on the condition that they would his father's sake. 2d Sam. x: 2.
submit each one to have his right eye
thrust out, to be a standing badge of NAHASHf, 2.-Same as Jesse.
their slavery, and a means of incapacitating them from serving as soldiers. NAFI-ATH, 1-[Na/-hath.]
" He who opposes his shield with his   Was the eldest son of Reuel, who
left hand, thereby hides his left eye, was Esau's son by Bashenath.  There
and looks at the enemy with his right are three others, named who were
eye. They, therefore, who pluck out brothers of Nahath, viz: Zerah, Shamthat right eye, make men useless in mah  and Mizzah, they  are called
war."  This was a very cruel condition, the sons of Bashemath, Esau's wife,




NAIl                 [3461               NAO
because they were the sons of Renuel her I NAIUM, [Na'-huni,] comforter, penson.  Gen. xxxvi: 13.                      itent, their guide.
NAHIUIM was one of the lesser prophNA-LkAilE, 2.                        ets of the city of Ellkosai, and the
V/as of the tribe of Levi, and in arthor of the book of prophecies that
the line of priests from  Aaron to the bears his name. He flourished about
captivity.  1st Chron. vi: 26.        seven hundred and thirteen years before
Christ.
NAHBI —,T[Nah'-bi.]                     In his prophecies he speaks of the
Was of the tribe of Naphtali, and Assyrian ravages of Ecgypt and the dewas -elected by Moses as one of the struetion of the populous ciy of No.
twelve spies to seareh and examine the Na!uim, iii: 8. He represents the AssYnature and state of the landof Canaan. rian king as imragining an cevil thing
Num. xiii: 14.                        against the Lord. It is thourht from
the prophecies contained in N  ahum, i:
NAHI-OR -[Nahorj hoa rse, hot, 9-11, and iii: 9-10, that hl  uttered
cayr.qr, those prophecies just at the time that
NAxnor  was the son0 of Terah, andl Sennacelrib was returing from tlie colnthe brother of Abrafham.  Hie lived quest of Egypt. But there ij no cerat Har-o, in M cisopotnmia.   cmue- tainty as regards this.  He giv-es a very
times, the place whero he lived is called grand description of God in his first
afLert hn, oi cI by his nsme.  Eleazar  chapter, and of the armies against Ninis reported to have stopped at te city evell, and the fall of that city, in the
of   alior, when seeking a wife for second and last chapters.  And lmany
Isnaa, yI orL among his naast e1'1s kin- of those predictions have leen fulfilled
dcled.                                to the very letter.
Ec 1 married TMileah, the daugirhter
of his brother Hr'an.   (oen.  xi: 29. NAOMI —[Na-oa-mi,]  beattiftl,
This wais not as near a re lation as his    cagreeable.
brot-her Abrahalm n  arr i ec 4,'or he   NAOMI was the wife of Elilmelech
marinied  airan,  the daugoiter o-' his who lived in Bethlehenm Judah, in the
father Terah. Nahor had a numereous lantl of Judah, and she was the mother
progeny.  lIavini  cght sonsu  by his of two sons Mahlon and Chilion.  Ruth
woie  l elic, ande I le hd  four sion   i: 2. Because of a faminein  the land,
by his conlbine oeusnah. Huz vrsa n s Elirnelech Nwith his wife and Eons went
his Ifni'Cbon, a nd i-  stuppoupld to have to sojourn in the country of Moas. They
beenot 1o fat r oe r Iuzite3.  Buz the had rot been in'loab long until the
seconad eon, 13 thouhm to Ishav    ben  husband and lfather died; thus Naomi
the'0hCer oi th1 Brzi.ts, fi'    o whom  was left a widow. She was called to
Yl ~lhun wi-:; dcnclded. -  eonuiel, wvho bury her companion amnon g setrangrers,
is cIle - thle'   i Ather  ranm, i l  tlhour-lit and with hler two sons in loneliness to
to lravCEe sonL the fImather of tihe AreInn- weep over his grave.  After the days
canso cS' yrians,  and Chesed -wa.  t'heo of cournirng for hler husband  were over,
fat-eL of at l  ast one  triibe  o-,  rl-he she mnarrietld her two sons to Moabitishl
ns.   o               o       t her s o   1his chilcren | omen,   the nallres of which  were
wre suepposedt to hIvCe been the heads Oriph and Rluth.  In about ten years
of lare icmfi!ies. Gen. sxi: 20.     both of these sons of thoe widow died.
antid withl a crusllhed heart she buried
NAS[I-OX N —1[1N/s-'lhoni, th:it fore- themn beside her husband, and resolved
C'l sc,      ozfAe,i.n - desolate, and alone as she was, to go
N ArsIEToN war the Eon of Ahnmina- blck again to her own land, for she had
dab, of he tribe of Judah.  1He was heard that the Lord " had visited his
the  clie of that tribe, and w as aso- people in giving t.hem bread."  As the
cimated wt-;l Bloe es and Aiaron in ar- faiinle w as ended, and there was plenty
ran:,g th~ bus,;i3ness of the niation at in the land of Judea, she thought
the t;me o-s their exodus fromn the it better, being a widow and childless,
land cf fy,-ivp.  Nmon>bers, i: 7. And to return to her own people, let them
wohen t;he. tabeLrnacle waTn: fully set up, lknow  of her affliction, and dcemand
hc r -de -d n o'-To ri   g for his tribe. of them  sylipathy and help.  She
Numberis,  vii: 12.                   made known her deterissination to her




NAO                 [347]                NAP
daughters-in-law;  and  after an  af- of the twelve tribes of Israel. The
fectionate parting with Orpah, accoe- names of his Wsns are given in Genesis,
panied by Ruth she returned, and ar- xlvi: 24. They iwere Jahzle], Guni,
rived safely in Bethlehem, the town of Jezer and Shillem, all of whom  were
her former residence.                  the heads of a numerous progeny.
Naomi was extensively known, and   The prophetic blessing of his ftther
highly respected when a r e  i d e n t upon him is given in CG-n. xlix: 21.
there, anLd her arrival was soon noised " Naphtali is a hind let loose, 1e giSveth
abroad. Her former friends camne to goodly words."  It m-ay be intendcd to
see her and learn firol her own lips set forth the activity and courtesy of
the tale of her sufrrings-the bit-ter that tribe. There is another traunstadealings of the Almighty with her. tion whicih renders the passage thus,
They looked with a'cstonis'hmnent upon " Naphtali is a tree shot out, bringing
her th-in  and pale visage, her feeble forth goodly branches."' This would
and emaciated form.  They looked be calculated to set folth the fertility
upon her poverty and distress, and' and increase of that tribe.
said one to another in low whispers,;VWhen tihe tribe of Naphtali went out
for they did not wish to open the of Egypt they had fifty-three thousand
wou'nd in her womanly heart afresh: four hundrecd fighting m1en, who. were
"T.Is this Naomi."  She overhear d under the commland of Abira, the son
thoe, and with deep emotion said: of Enan.  Num. i: 15-13. The tribe
"Call nlie not Naomli, (i. c, pleasant,) decreased while they were in the wilcall  6e iMara, (i. c., bitter,) for the derness, several thousandcl  for they only
Almighty hath deallt very bitterly with nu-mblered forty-five tihousand four hunme.    IuilC  I left you I had an affec- dred, when the sum of the children of
tionate companion and husband, and Israel was taken in the plains of -Ioab.
two noble sons, but thoe three are dead. Numbers, xxvi: 50.
I wen-t out full, but tho Lord hath   Their spy to search t-he land was
brour it lIC h          omL  aga1l emptylp  Nahbi, the son of Vophsi. Numbers,
Naeomi began heri rsicdvnc in Beth- xhii: 14. And their agent to divide
lehel1 with  Tiuth, a h 4er companion the land and secure them thcir inheriin poverty.  Soon, however, fortune tance, was Pedahel, the son of Animifrvored her. The God who had af'- hud. Numbers, xxxiv: 28. Their inflictLed  her smiled upon her.  The heritance was a rich one, for their land
kindred of-' Eihmelech  noticecd, and was very fertile.
pitied anid helped. Soon Boaz mnar-   But in their inheritance they perriedt  Ruth, and so provided Naomnii mIitted the Canaanites to retain Bethawith a comfortable and pleasant nath and Bethshemesh, two of their
home. The clouds in her sky were cities, on the condition that they would,"scat'ered, and the evening of her life pay tribute to them.  The Canaannites
was made calm. and pleasant.  She continued in possession of these two
lived to see her daughter-in-law the cities, but were tributaries to the tribe
mother of a son, and she took that of Nsapltali.  Judges, i: 33.
son as her own kinsmm, and " laid it   They seemed to be'associated as a
in her own bosom.a and became nurse tribe, intimately with the tribe of Zebunto it." IRuth iv: 16.               ulun, a n d when Deborah arose "a
mlother' and a deliverer of Israel, fron
NAP1EISH —[Na'-fish,] the soul, he the hand and power of Jabin, Ik i n g
that refreshes himself,  that ve- of Canaan, she called Barak, the Naph-.spires; in, Syriac, that srtultiplies. tali general, andl he came up to her
help, and undertook the work with her,
H-Ee was the son of Ishmael, and the and he brought with him ten thousand
grand-son of Abraham.  Genesis warriors of Naphtali andcl Zebulun.
xxv: 15.                              They fought with distinguished bravery
and conquered Jabin. Judges, iv.
NAPHTALI, —[Naf'-ta-y,] comnpari-   WV hen Gideon fought with the Midso7n, ikeness, that fights.      ianites and the children of the east, and
N-API-TALI was one of the sons of conquered them, the descendants of
Jacob by Bilhah, the handmaid of Naphltali associated with other tribes
Rachel, and he was the head of one at the request of Gideon, pursued the




NAP                [348]               NAT
Midianites, and so helped to make the pose him to have been a bishop of the
victory complete. Judges, vii: 23.    church at Athens.
At the coronation of David, thirtyseven thousand of the tribe of Naph- NATHAN, 1-[Na'than,] who gives,
tali assisted, under the command of a   or is given.
thousand captains, and it is said that   NATHAN was a prophet of considwhen they came they did not intend to erable fame, who flourished in the
be chargeable to David or the nation time of David, and had a place in the
for subsistance, for they brought great confidence and esteem of that king.
quantities of provisions with them.    He was a prophet in Israel at the time
There are but two persons of very David ascended the throne, and in 2d
distinguished note that we know of Samunel, vii: 3, we have an account of
in this tribe. 0 n e we have men- his commending  David for his intentioned, Deborah's general. The other tion of building a temple to the Lord.
was Hiram, the artificer, and assistant David addressing himself to Nathan,
of king Solomon in the building of the said: "See now I dwell in a house
temple. It is said of this Hiram, 1st of cedar, but the ark of God dwelleth
Kings. vii: 14, "He was a widow's within curtains."  The prophet was
son, of the tribe of Naphtali, and his pleased with the suggestion of the
father was a man of Tyre."  We have king, and gave him encouragement,
an account of their country being terri- not as a prophet, but as a pious man.
bly ravaged by Benbadad, the king of HIe was not under the divine tfflatus,
Syria, in lst Kings, -xv: 20. In 2d or actuated by the divine spirit. I-Ie
Kings, xv: we have an account of said to David, "Do all that is in thy
many of themi being carried captives by heart, for the Lord is with thee."  He
Tilgath-Pileser, king of A ssyr i a. thereby encouraged David to the imTheir country became idolatrous, but portant undertaking without waiting
Josiah in his reformation cleansed it. for divine instruction.  It was not
While the Savior was here on earth, long after this until he was divinely
and preaching his own gospel, he, with instructed to forbid this work he had
his disciples, resided a part of the time encouraged. He received a message
anc  preatched in the land of Napltali. from God, to the effect that David
Matthcw, iv: 13. " IIe dwelt in Ca- should not build the house, but that
peinau,.: n hich is upon the sea coast, his son, who should come after him,
in the borders of Zebulun and Naph- should build it, and he told these
tali."                              words of the Lord unto David, and
in Ist Chronicles, xxii: 8, there is the
NAPH-IJIHIM —[NafF-tu-hin.]         additional reason given: David had
NAPITUHIM was the fourth son of shed blood abundancltly, and had been
Mizraim. Genesis, x: 13. It is sup- a man of wars.
posed that the family of Naphtuhim    Some time after this, when David
was extensive, though it is not certainly had sinned against God, by defiling
known where they settled, who they Bathsheba, and nmurdering her huswere, or by w ha t name they were band, who was one of the officers in
called.                             the army, this prophet r e proved
David for the great sin he had comNARCISSUS-[Nar-sis'sus,]  aston- mitted, and his reproof was admninisish7nmet.                       tered by a parable of a man who had
NARCIssUS was probably a disciple, a great many flocks of his own. But
whose household were also converts when his friend came to visit him, and
to christianity. The household is re- he desired a lamb for a repast, he went
ferred to by the apostle Paul in his and took from a poor neighbor, an
epistle to the Romans, xvi: 11,' Greet only lamb, and dressed and prepared
them which be of the household of it to entertain his friend.
Narcissus, which are in the Lord."   David little thinking he was about
He has been thought to be of the to condemn himself, was very angry
numnber of the seventy disciples, and against the man who had thus treated
to have become a noted preacher of his poor neighbor, and quickly said
the gospel, and a martyr for the cause to Nathan,' As the Lord liveth, the
of Christ.  Indeed the Greeks sup- man that hath done this thing shall




NAT                [349]             NAT
surely die; and he shall restore the to have arrangements made at once'
lamb fourfold, because he did this'for his coronation, amd enutrusted the
thing and had no pity."   Nathalln authority to crown Solomon king, ta
then as a prophet of God emboldened, Zadok the priest and Nathan the
by the spirit of inspiration, said to prophet, andBenaiah the general. -lHe
David, "Thou art the man."  Ieo gave orders to blow the trumpet and
thereby declared the king a guilty say "God save King Solomon."  Nacriminal, and the one intended to be than in companywith Zadok anointed
represented by the parable he had Solomon king in Gibeon.  See 1st
just delivered.  For he, though the Kings, i.
ruler of all Israel, who had several   Nathann  o o om p a n y with the'
wives of his own-had defiled the prophet Gad, wrote the history of
only wife of UTriah the Hittite arnd in David; and who can we suppose was
addition to that crime had virtually better prepared to write it than he
murdered the man, by sending word was, having been with him through
to Joab his general to put him in the his reign, and having been his espeforefront of the battle and retire cial confidant.
from him that he might be smitten.   As the last part of the first book
The consequence of this sin on the of Samuel and the second book conpart of David was that God deter- tain the history of David, it is probmined severely to punish. him, and so able Nathan wrote theml. And he
Nathan the prophet assured him. and Abijah wrote the history of SoloDavid made an humble acknowledge- mon. 1st Chron. xxix: 29:  " The
ment of his sin, and Nathan was co3n- acts of King David, first and last, bemanded to say to him, " The Lord hold, they are written in the book of
also hath put away thy sin; thou Samuel, the seer, and in the book of
shalt not die."  The king of Israel Nathan, the propllet, and in the book
dare not to object to the rebuke TNa- of Gad, the seer." 2d Chron. ix: 29:
than had given him, but while he " The acts of Solomlon, first and last,
humbled himself before the Lord he are they not'written in the book of
honored the prophlet, and it seems Nathan, the prophet," &c.
that he named one of his own chil-   It is possible that he was the Nadren after him, one born unta him by than who was the father of Azariah
Bathfsheba after she became his wife. and Zabud, who were officers in the
1st Chron. iii: 5.                k l ig d o   of Solomon. lst Kings,
When he was very aged and infirm, iv: 5
Adonijah made an attempt to settle
himself upon the throne of Israel. NA'YH-A2,I, 2- 7o gives, or is given..
In his attempt to usurp authority he   He was one of the sons of David,.
took with him Joab, David's general, born unto him  in Jerusalem  of
and Abiatlhar, who- had been his lBathsheba. Hence he was the full
priest.  Nathan brought the intelli- brother of King Solomon. 1st Chrongenee to Bathsheba that Adonijah icles, iii: 5.
had been crowned king, and was already reigning.  Nathan at o n c e N A T h1 A N A E L-[Na-than-a-el,
adopted a plan of informing David      The gift cf God.
ancl reminding him of his oath and   N A T I A N A E L was a disciple of
promise that Solomon should reign Christ, who is referred to in John, i:
after him. IHe bade Bathsheba go in 45, &c.  He s e e m s to have been
unto the king and inform him and brought to Christ through the influremind him of his promise to her, Ience of Philip.
and he agreed while she was yet talk-   Whten he was coming for the first
ing to the king, he would come in and time into the presence of Jesus, and he
confirm her words. She accordingly saw him he saith unto those about him,
went in and began to unfold these as he pointed to Nathanael: "Behold
things to David, anc about the time an Israeliie indeed, in whom is no
she had concluded Nathan cale.in guile."  Nathanael seemed somewhat
and set the matter before him. Da- astonished that Jesus knew him, and
vid determined at once to set Solo- asked him: " Whence knowest thou
mon on the thr-one, and he gave orders me?" Jesus let hirm know that he saw




NAT                 [3501               NEB
him when engaged at his devotions in scendnts of Nebaioth are referred to
his bower of prayer;  "Before Philip in the following language: "All the
called thee when thou wast under the flocks of Kedar shall be gathered tofig tree, I saw thee."  The good man gether unto thee; the rams of INebaiat once alknowledged him as the son oth shall minister unto thee; they
of.-od, the king of Israel. I-e was shall come up with acceptance on
truly converted to the Christian relig- thine altar, and I will glorify the
ion, and listened with intense interest house of my glory."  The descendants
to Jesus as he assured hinm that he of this person were no do-bt converted
was blind because of his faith, and to Christ.
that he should see in the future
greater things than he had seen. " Ye NEBAJOTI —[Ne-ba'-joth.]
shall see I-Heaven open and the angels'Was the eldest son ishmael, and he
of God ascending a n d  descending  is referred to with his brothers, whose
upon the Son of lan."  We can not names are as follows: Kedar, Adbeel,
well suppress the conviction that Jesus Mlibsam, Mishma, Dumah, 31 a ss,
h a d reference, in his conversation H-adar, Tema, Jetur, Naphish  and
with N athaniel, to the dream of Kedemah.  Gen. xxv: 13-15.
Jacob.
Many have supposed Nathanacl to NEBAT —[Ne'-bat,] that beholds.
be the same as Bartholomew, since   NEBAT was the father of Jeroboam,
the evangelists who mention the one the first king of Israel, and he under
do not mention the other. John in-  whom the ten tribes revolted from
forms us that Nathanael was a wit- tRehoboani and the house of David.
ness of Christ's resurreetion from the Nebat was of the tribe of Ephraim.
dead, in company with Peter, Thomas, and the descendant of Joshua. ls,
Jahfies and J o h n, at the seaside. Kingsxi: 23; andwve suppose that he
John, xxi: 1, 2.                      diedl wile Jeroboam was a child, for
it is sa.id of Jeroboami that he was the
NEARIATI, 1-[Ne-a-ri'-ah.]           servant of Solomon, and his mother
One of the six sons of Shemaiah, in Zeruah was a widow woman.
the line of the royal family of Judah,
after the Babylonian captivity.  1st NE[BO —[Ne/-bo,] that speaks, pro-.Chron. iii: 22.                         phesies, or fruct lies.
iNExo is referred to in Isa. xlvi: 1,
N:EARIAHI,  2.                       as an idol of the Chaldeans, "stoopA son of' Ishi, and one of' the cap- ing" or bowing before God, and the
tains of the five hundred Simeonites, worship of the idol failing before the
who in the days of Hezekiah drove.worship of the true God. The name
the Amalekites away from Mt. Seir. is compounded with  the names of
ist Chron. iv: 42.                   p rines,  kings, and great men of
Chaldea.
NEBAI- [Ne-ba-i. ]
He was the head of an important NEBUCIHADNEZZAR-[Ne b - u -
familily who signed the covenant with     kad-nez'zar,] tears and groans of
NTehemliab. Neh. x: 19.                  judgmzent.
NEBUCHADNEZZARP  was the great
NEBAIOTI- - [Ne-baF-yoth,] pro- king of Babylon. Hie is first referred
pheczes, fruits.                 to in 2d Chronicles, xxxvi: 6, as comnNEBAsTI TTwas the oldest son of ing up against J ehoiaki, king of JuIsh-mael. He was one of the twelve dalh. lie bound the king with fetters,
sons, whose names are given in Gen. and carried him to Babylon.  Ie took
xxv: 13, &e. I-He was a prince and a the sacred vessels of the house of the
chief of a large tribe. The Nebathe- Lord in Jerusalem, and carried Lhem
ans sprung friom him, and they are also to Babylon, and put them into
said to have been the most civilized the idolatrous temple, where they retribe of the Arabians, and the most mnained for many years; for when Belfriendly to tlie Jews. In Isa. lx, we shazzar had his feast, he b r ough t
have prophecies settingforth the con- those vessels out, and his wives and
version of the Gentiles, and the de- concubines drank wine in then. Dan.




NEB                  [351]                NEB
v: 2. Jehoiarkim ascended the throne of him gifts, rewards and great honor.
when his l ather was deposed by Neb- They-ventured to expostulate with him,
uchadnezzar, but he was only allowed  "Lct the king tell his servants the
to reigii three months ancl ten days, dream and we will tell the interpretawhen le too was carried captive to tion thereof." He reiterated his threat,
Babyl on, ancld Nebuchadnezzar ap- anld told them  he would not swerve
pointed Zedekiah, the brother of Je- froml the decrec he he had uttered.  But
hoiakir   andcl set him  on the throne they ventured to urge the matter once
of JuYCah1 nd Jerusalem.  2d Chron- more before the king, and, feeling that
idles, xxxvi: 10.                      their lives were in imminent peril, they
He carried many captives to Baby- said, "There is not a man upon the
Ion, Lmong whom were' D3aniel, Hana- earth that can show the king's matter;
niah, 3AIishiael aind Azariah, who were therefolore  there is no king's lord  nor
princes of  Judah, antd there  were ruler tihat asks such tihings of ally
many otlers of rank taken captives  magician, astrologero Coal hlean; none
at the same time.                      other can show it unto the king cxcept.But the four young muen had namnes the gods, whos  e dwelling is not with
given unto them in exchange for their flesh."  T  e king 1became angry at
Jewish  names.  They were called their ew ords and commanded thelml to
Belteshlazzar,l Shadrach, MIeshech and be slain at once, and the dencee  of
Abednego, whichl narmes inport con- Nebuchadnezzar would lave been exenetion with their idol gods.          cuted had not Daniel intericred.  1e
Tebw-elhadnezZar caused those, wit-h asked and obtained leave to tell the
other captive princes, to be t-rained in 1ing the drean  and the interpretation
dill the lec'arning of the Ciha1dean;s, thereof.  -leC went unto thle tiree capthalt they irmight serve  nll the court. tives, Hananlliah, Nishnae and Azariah,
He bode rdAhpeonaez, the master of his and it3.de the ihet known unto them
servarnt s, take Rsuchc of' the princes of th llt  e  adcl undertaken this matter,,
Judcla  al h ad no beleml-h, and were  cld he aseLd  them to pray to the God
well -avored and ska rU il in all wisdom,  of I-eavenr to reveal unto hil the   eand cunnni, iin knowledge, and under-  ret, that lie ad they nd   the wise
standing science,  and,uch  as had  men of:-' B  blon miglht have their lives
ability to stand in the kieng s palace, spared, ih)r Nebuchadcnezzar had dceterwfholi they mig'ht teach tthe learn- mniined to destroy them  all. They  ating  cnd the tongue of Chaldea.  He tended to his request, and that night in
appointed thleni a daily provision of a vision the lost dream  was recovered,
the klng's meat anld wine ior the space and cl     aniel was prepared to tell the
of three ye rs. aen. i: 3.            king te drceam and the interpretation.
Dur ing the second year of Nebuchad- Daniel at once reported himself to
nezzar s reign, he had a singular dream  Arioech and asked  him  to spare the
which occasioned hinm  much  tiouble. wise rmen, for le was now prepared to
He was so greatly troubled that he ameet the king's wishes.
could not, sleep.  But what troubled   Arioeh took Daniel into the presence
him  so greatly was, the dream  lhad of Nelbuehednezzar, and he asked hinm
gone flroml him and he could not call it art "thou able to make known unto me
up. He assembled his wise mnen, the the dream  and  t he interpretation
magicians, and the astrologers, and the thereof?"  He modestly answered-:
sorcerers, and the (Chaldeans, andcl de-'here is a God in heaven, that revealeth
muanded of them  to  show  hiim  his secrets, and mnaketth known unto the
dream.   They told hiiii it was imipossi- king the interpretation of his dream,
ble for thema to tell him tlhe drean; but or, " tellethl what shall be in the latter
if he would tell it to them, they would days."   He folly satisfied Nebulchedshow  him  the interpretation thereof. nezzar as to the dream, insomuch that,
Butt thei king told them  it was gone the king  e1ll on  his face before
froiim Mml anl he could not tell them, Daliel and worshiped.  And lie ordered
and that they must call it up and tell it an offering or oblation of sweet odors
to hirm, else they "should be cut in unto Daniel as though hLe were a God.
piecesi and their houses should be made He acknowledgoed the God of Daniel
a duLn-hill," and he promiseclthem, if to be the God of Gods, and the Lord
they did succeed, they should receive of Lords.  Nebuchednezzar tlen gavwe




N1EB                [352]               NEB
orders that iDaniel should be ruler over hot, and the Hebrews were cast into
the whole province of Babylon.  He it, yet were they delivered. The son
made him a great man, and gave him  of God appeared in human form and
many gifts, and in addition to promot- walked with tlem through the fire.
ing'Daniel, he promoted his three The fire was allowed to consume their
friends, making them subordinate gov- bonds; but a hair of their head was
ernors.  D)aniel ii: 49.             not singed, neither did the smell of
N e b uc h a d n ez z ar in about the fire pass upon their garments.
twentieth year of his reign, having   It was not long until the kiing sa
amassed a large amount of gold, in his them  walking through the fire unvarious expeditions and conquests, and harmed, and was astonished  nd adfroml those who were tributary to him, dressing his counselors Ea'-d,' Lo!  
2d Kilngs xxiv: 10-17, 2d Chronicles see four men walking, and thle ourth
xxsvi, D ani e 1 iii: and Ezek xxi: is like the son of Qt-oc."   he tlen
mcade a massive image to his God called Shadrach, Mes hechl and  ibedBelus and he erected it in the plains nego to come fotth fiom tlle midst of
of Dura in his province, It is said to the furnace, and they came fbrth and
have been ninety feet high and nine stood in the prescince of tIhe king.
feet broad, composed of gold. After Nebuchadnezzar then blessed their
he erected it he called together his God and sent forth a dcecree that
princes, governors, judges, captains every people, nation and language
and other officers and dedicated the shouldI no longer speak against the
idol, and in connection with the ded- God  of Shadlrach, Meshach  and
ication ceremonies he issule d a de- Abednego; if they did they should
cree that every one in. his kingdom  be cut in  pieces, and their Ilouse
should fall clown on his knees and should be made  a dunghill, and the
face -and worship this image. eHie reason he gave for this decree was,
proclaimed that there should be a there is no God that can delivcr after
concert of music by cornet, flute, this sort. Thes thre  lchrec  eews were
sackbutt, psaltery, dulcimer, &c.  It again promoted in the province of
should sound in the ears of all, and Babylon to important offices.  D]an.
at its sound, the image should be iii:  Soon aftier this Nebucladnezzar
worshiped, and whoever r e fus ecl engaged in wars which are ererred to
should be east into the burning fiery in Jer. xxv; Isa. sxxiii; Ezek. xxv.
furnace.                               In the thirty-fif-th year of his reign
The Hebrew children were reported his kingdom h<ad reached its hight,
as not obeying the proclamation, but and the astlonishing structures of the
refusing to worship the idol; Nebu- capital were completed, and Nebt}
chadnezzar called them  to him  and chadnezzar, in the pride of' his hear,
interrogated them  as to it, and they said:  "Is this not great Babylon
freely acknowledged that they had that I have built?"
not obeyed his decree and more than   He had a dream that troubled himn,
that they boldly declared that thcy' and hle desired to have it interpreted.
would not worship the image, and clHe saw a tall and flourishing tree
though they knew what the penalty laden with delicious fruit, and the
was, they expressed to the king the tree was a place of refuge for birds
confidence that they had in their God, and beasts out of number; and yet;,
that he would deliver them even from  all at once, orders were given by an
the burning fiery fuirnlace.  Nebu- angel to hew the tree down, shake off
chadnezzar became very much en- its fruits and leaves, but leave the
raged at their language and ordered stump, and fasten the roots in the
his servants to heat the furnace to a ground as if with a band of iron and
sevenfold degree, and then bind them  brass, for seven year's, that it might
and cast them  tbound into it.  The be wet with the clew of heaven and
furnace was so hot that the flames have its portion with the beasts of
consumed those who cast them  in. the field in the grass of the carth.
They were burnt to death in their After the king had laid the dream
attempt to exe-cute the king's decree before Daniel he asked him to declare
of casting the Hebrews into the fur- the interpretatcion, since the spirit of
nace; but though the flames were so the holy gods was in him; and he




NEB                  [353]               NEB
could interpret dreams when all the clear record. H-Ie glorified God by an
other wise men failed.  And, further- acknowledgment of his pride that had
mlore, Nebuchacdnezzar bade him  tell been so signally punished, and wished
it, whatever the interpretation was, all his subjects to know about it and
for he probably saw that there was profit by it.
something in it that troubled him.   During the time he was thus incaHe then told him  that it meant that pacitated for governing, his son, Evil
for s e v e n long years he, the king Merodach, ruled in the kingdon. But
of Babylon, should be reduced to the as soon as Nebuchadnezzar was restored.
condition of a beast, and be driven it is said he cast his son into prison to
fromn hiuuan  society, until his nails punish him for his follies and weakness,
should become as birds' claws and the or else he found it necessary to do so
hair of his head as eagles' feathers, in order to restore Lhis kingdomn  to.
and that, after the acknowledgement peace and quiet. It is said he cast him
on his part of the divine supremacy, into the same prison that Jeloiakin
he should be restored to his kingdom  had laid in for thirty-six years. Dan. iv.
and his throne.  And Daniel be-   About a year after this Nebuchadsought Nebuchadnezzar to break off nezzar died, it is thought in the forty —
from his sins and wickedness-to quit third or forty-fourth year of his reign.
his unjust course of life, and show  After his death it is probable Evil Maemercy to the poor Jewish captives rodach was taken from prison and as —
that he had taken, who were now  cended the throne; but after occupyscattered about and doing service in ing it two years died or was murdered.
his kingdoim. But the king was re- Belshazzar, his son, succeeded liim,
gardless of the admonition, and con- and reigned until the Chaldean enmpire
t-inLed as proud as ever. Again he closed.
looked upon the grandeur of the city,
and, as he looked from the palaee, or, NEBUZA  ADAN -  [Neb-u-zar/'possibly, fromn the hanging garden,        a-dan,] fruits or 2rop2l7ecies of'
and surveyed its greatness and glory,     3c7/meqnte,  nwinowed, sprcad.
he said, (we suppose, in the hearing of   NEBUZARADArN was the general of'
his courtiers anc  attendants:)' Is the armies of' Nebuchadnezzar.  We
not this great Babylon that I have have an account in 2d Kings, xxv: 8,
built by the 1night of my power and &c., of his leading the army successfor the honor of my majesty?"  Just fully against Jerusalem,. burning the
as these words escaped his lips, God house of the Lord and the king's house,
c o n d e m n e d him.  A  voice from  and breaking down the walls of the cityHeaven answered him, that he should and carllying away into Babylon such
be immlediately driven from  almong of the Jews as had been marked formen-that lihe should be lost to hiu- captivity, while he left the poor of the
man society and should be as a beast. land to be vine-dressers and husbandIn accordance with the declaration, men.  I-Te broke the pillars of the ternhe was struck with a kind of madness ple in pieces and carried the gold and
in whichit is thought he f-incied him- silver, and brass, and vessels of the:
self a beast and imitated one in ac- house of the Lord, to Babylon; and lhe
tion.  His friends stood around himl  took  Seraiah, the chief priest, and
astonished, anld, finding it necessary Zephaniah, the second priest, and the'
in order to prevent his doing injury, three keepers of the door. I-ec also
bound him; but he broke the bonds took the officer that was set over the
and eseaped out of their hands, and, mien of war, and five of the king's bodyon escaping, fled to the fields and guard, and the king's principal scribe,
there, according to the prediction of and sixty other men, and carried them
Daniel in interpreting the dream, he to Babylon, and Nebuchadnezzar put
lived for seven years on the grass of theml to death. But as we learn from
the field, without clothing.          Jer. xl: 1-6, he liberated Jeremiah the
At the end of' the seven years he was prophet. HI-e took his chains from off
restored to reason, when he humbled him and gave him the privilege of gohiuselft before God, and ordered the ing on with him to Babylon, or going'
account of his dream and the striking back to Gedaliah, the son of Ahikam,
fulfillment of it to be nmade a. matter of the son of Shaphan, who had been ap —
23




:MEB                 [354]               NEE[
pointed by Nebuchadnezzar governor that he desired to be sent to Judah
over the cities of Judah, and he kindly and Jerusalem to build up the city.
apportioned to Jeremiah victuals, and   His request was attended to and he
let him go.                           was granted a respite from service in the
court for the length of time he asked
N]ECIHO —[Ne/-o,] Icame, who was to accomplish the work, and the king
lbeaten.                          empowered hinm  with authority to go
[See Pharaoh-Necho.]                and rebuild the walls of Jerusalem.
Having procured his letters of recounNE H EE M TAH, 1-[Ne-he-mi'-ah,] mendation to the governors through
consolation, repentance, or rest of whose territory he would pass, with
the Lord.                         orders that they should convey him on
NEI-IEIABIAI   was the son of lHacha- to Judah.  The king also gave him  a
liah, Neh. i: 1, and the author of the -letter to Asaph, the keeper of the forbook that bears his name.  It is sup- ests of Lebanon, with instructions tlat
posed he was of the royal family of he should give Nehemiah timber to
David. This thought may have arisen make beams fbr the gates of the palace
from the ftct that he was the royal cup- which appertained to the house, and
bearer in the Prussian court, and suc- for the wall of the city, ancd for his own
ceeded Zerubbal;el in the government house.
of the Jews. Like all the Jews who   When Nehemiah arrived at Jerusawere in Babylon, he was deeply con- len  with the commission of the king,
cerned about his native land, and espe- he and his scrvants went round the
cially about Jerusalem, the holy city, wall of the city in the night. He surand when he was informed by lanani, veyed tlhe ruins and saw clearly what a
that Jerusalem  was still in ruins, that wonderful work w'aIs before  him, but
the walls were broken down, and the nothing daurted or discouraged, he asgates were burned with fire, he was semnbled the chief of the Jews, and indeeply affected.  I-le sat d o w n and formed them of his intention, and of
wept, and mourned for several days. the power3 with which he had been inHe flasted and prayed most devoutly. vested by the Persian king, and encourNch. i: 4-11,  I-He ask God t h at he aged them to take iLold vigorously with
might meet with favor in the eyes of him, and to begin at once the work.
the king of Persia, for whonl he was   They sacv tihazt he wcas properly eam-.cup-bearer.  HIe had formed t ihe in- powered, and readily agreed to his
tention of asking the king's perumission proposal.  They said, "let us rise uvp
to go and rebuild Jerusalem.  He was andl build;,so they strengthened their
careworn and sorrowful, but lhe stiil lhands for this good work."  The difkept on in the discharge of his duty, ferent portions of the -all were asand one day, while giving wine unto signed to the principal men as set
the king, his sad and sorrowful counte- forth in Nehemiah, iii. As soon as
nance attracted the attention of the they had entered vigorously upon the'king, and he asked him, "' why is thy work, Sanballat, the Horonite, and,ountenance sad, seeing thou art not TobiLh, the Am11111onite, opposed them.
sick?" (or excused fron service.) The  They were extremely vexed to think
king wished to know why it was that. that the Jews would undertake to rehe looked so sad, for his countenance  pair the walls of Jerusalem, and that
indicated sorrow of heart. There was they car riedl the work on with so
something about the king's language, mruch ardor.  To d is c o ur a g e the
or the manner in which he said it, that Jews, they scoffed at them  saying,
alarmed Nehemiah, but lie answered "What do tEese feeble Jews?  WVill
the question by saying, "let the king the     tiy fortify iheselves? will they saclive forever."                        rifice? will they make an end in a
He then set forth lefore the king and day? will they revive the stones out
his queen, who was sitting beside him, of the heaps of the rubbish which
the cause of his sadness.  The city and are burned?"  And Tobiah said that
place of ]his fathers' sepulchers was ly- which they dlid build would be so
ing waste, and the gates of the city were weak and insecure, that even a fox
consumed with fire.  The king then passing over would break it down.
asked what he desired. He answered When they found that they could not




NEH                 [355]              NEH
thus stop them or discourage themn, him by this report, if it should come to
the Arabians, Ammonites and Ashdo- his ears.
dites, conspired  against them, and   When Sanballat and Tobiah found
-came up against them to fight. They that they could not succeed thus against
made several attempts to surprise and Nehemiah, they bribed the prophet
nmurder themo  whilst engaged in the Shemaialh, and the prophetess Noacliah,
work. Nehemiah placed a guard on to murder' Nehemiall, and thus prevent
the outside of the workmen, and re-, the work, and Shemaiah did impose on
quired every builder to keep his sword Nehemiah a little.. I-e tried -to get
by him, that 1he might quit the work him to shut himself up with him in the,f building, and be prepared to fight temple or house of -God at midnight,
at the shortest notice.  And the work- under the -pretext that his enemies
men kept onand ceased not until the would come to kill him, andC that
work was finished. They never put would be the safest place; but Nehe-off their clothes day or night, except miah utterly refused, and it was not
for washing them, and Nehemiah was long until he was satisfied thatShemaiah
always with theml, watching and ready was not a true prophet, but was hired
to give the alarm, or the word of by his enemies against, him.'Thus
conrmmand, and.hlie kept his trumpeter notwithstanding all that his enemies
alweays with him, to sound the alarm  did against him  lie prospered, and
-at his command in time of danger. went on with his work until it was
Wihen Sanballat and Tobiah found finished.  In fifty two days from the
they could not otherwise retard their timel the repairs were begun, it was
progress in the work, they had re- ended. Neh. vi: 15.
course to a mean stratageni.  Tobiah,   About a year after the work was finsonme time before, h a d n1arried the ishect it was dedicated with solemn cerdaughter of Shechariah, a prince of cemonies; sacrifices and offerings were
Judahl, and had thereby secured the made unto God, and their thanksgivings
feelings of imany of the Jews; and were rendered.  Neh. xii: 27-43.
these Jews associated themselves-vith   After the wall was completed lie took
him to dispirit N e h e mn i a h and his proper precaution in guarding the city
friends, but they could not succeed. gates. IHe reckons the people accordAt length they sent four letters to ing to their genealogies and finds a
Nehemiah  inviting himn to a friendly complete register of those who came
conference with them  in the plain of out of Babylon with Zeorubbabel. He
DOno. He sent them word back, that commenced at once rectifying disorders.
he was engaged in a great work  so He curbed the inhumnanity of-the nobles
that he could not conime down-tha.t if and princes and rich men, who held
he did, the work would cease.  San- the lands of the poor men with mortb3allat theni wrote to him the fifth let- gages, and held their children in slavery.
ter charging himl with the design of He  enters into a covenant with the
rebelling, and causing himself to be priests and Levites and chiefs of the
rmade king. He denied the charge, people, by which, with him they all
and returned an answer, in which he solemnly promised not to have affinity,expressed his convictions that they with the people of' the land.  They'had been feigning desire for a friendly promised to observe the Sabbath, to proe o nfe r e n c e, wh-en really they were vide for the support of the sanctuary
aiming at his destruction.  Which was and its service according to law, and to
true, for they had caused a party to pay the regular tithes for the support'lie in wait to murder himl by the way. of the priests and Levites and other
They urged himi to comne and answer officers of the temn le. Nehemiah then
to the charge brought against him  by required one tenth of the people to
Gashnmu, and clear lhimnself, if incleed come from their country residences and
he was clear; else tlhe Persian king dwell within  the city to guard it.
would:hear of it,and enquire of thenm, The people of the country were all diand they were unable to confute it.. vided into companies of ten, and -lots
Nehemiah would not go, he was con- were east to see which one of the ten
scious -of his innocence, therefore he should reside in the city.'There were
resolved to trust in God, and hope that some of the people thatwillingly offered
the king -would not be turned against themselves to dwell in -Jerusalem  or




NER                 [356.]              NEl
volunteered rather, in the service of the thirty-six years, he died, having writcity. It was an expression of patriot- ten the chief part of his own history
ism  on their pal't, that was highly as we have it in the book of Nehemniah.
lauded by the people, for "they blessed
all the men that offered themselves to I NE-E EIARI, 2. - Consolation, redwell at Jerusalem."                      pentance, or r'est qf the Lord.
The feasts of trumpets and of taber-   NEHT-IEIIA-I, who is referred to in
nacles were observed with great care Ezra, ii: 2, is not the same as the one
and exactness, and Ezra the scribe, above, but was one of those who rewith a sufficient number of helpers, tuorned many years before with Zerubread and explained the book of tile babel from Babylon, under the decree
law to the people.  Immediately after iof Cyrus, king- of Persia, the object of
this, Nehemiah cleansed the house of which was particularly to build the'
God and rectified various evils, amuong h ousse of the Lord:  God of Israel.
which was that of various Jews who Ezra, i: 3.
had imarried hea-then women, and one
of the priests had married the daugh- N E HI U S 11 T A-[Ne-hush'-tah]
ter of Sanballat thle Horonite.  This     snakze, Soothisayer.
nman was expelled from office, and he   Was the daughter of Elnathan, of
required all of them to put away their -Jerusalemi  anld the mlothar of Jehoistrange wives. They acceded to his re- akim. 2d Kings xxiv: 8.
quest, confessed their sins, renewed
their covenants with Gold, "nd solemlnly N;E3UEL, 1 —[NeIm-u-el.]
promised obedcience to his law. They   Was the son of Eliab, and the broespecially promisecd not to espouse or ther of Pathan ancd Abiram.  Nu-Ll.
marry-heathen women. They promised xxvi: 9. And  le belonged to theto hallow  the Sabbath and buy no tribe of Reuben.
goods on that day; to observe the year
of release, give- their- first fruits and NEMITLTEL,,.L
firstlings to the Levites. They prom-   Was of the tribe of Simeon, and theisecd to allow this every year fbr the head of the namily of that tribe called
service of the temple.  There were Nlemuelites.
twenty-two priests, seventeen Levites
and forty-four clhief men of the people NIEPHEG, 1-rNe'-e/-g.
that subscribed to this covenant, while   NEPIIEGC, witlh Iorah and Ziehri
all the people about them declared their were the s ons of:zllar, the son of Koadherence.  Neh. vii to xii.          hath, of the tribe of Levi. I-e, with
In order to show himself a distin- his brothers, sustained the relation of
guishecl pattern of generosity, Nehe- cousin to M3oses, Aaron andl Miriam, as
miah never required of the kingcom  Amram was their uncle. Ex. vi: 21..
the salary prescribed himl by the Persian king', but maintained himself and NEPHEG, 2.
family on the products of his own   Was one of the sons of David, born
fields, with the salary he had received unto him in Jerusalem. 1st Chron.
as the king's cup-tearer.             xiv: 6.
After he had governed the Jews several years, lie returned to Kingll Artax- NEB-LrLarp, b~ightness, la'nd new
erxes and remained with him  for a        tilled.
time; but was returned by him from    Was the father of Abner, who was
Persia to Judea.  It was during his the general of Ishbosheth, the son of'
absence that Tobiah hlad been allowed Saul. 2d Saam. ii: 12.
by the priest to fix his residence in
Jerusalem  and in a chamber of the NE'3RGAL-[Ner'-gal.]
house of the Lord. He drove him at'Was the name of an idol of a
once out of the house and threw his tribe of the Chaldeans or Persians,
furniture out, and deposed the priest viz': the Cut-hites.  2d Kings xvii:
who had allowed the house to be thus 30. And we learn froim Jer. xxxix:
desecrated.                           3, that two of the generals of NebuAfter Nehemial had governed in chadnezzar were named after this idol,
Jerusalem or with the Jews in all about Nergal-Sharezer.




NER'                [3573               NIB.NE RII A  -[Ne-ri'-ahl,] light anpd con-me Christians, and probably that
lamp1 of the Lord.              was the reason why he was so severe
Was the father of Barach, who was in his persecutions of the apostles
the scribe of Jeremiahl, and attended and christians.  It is said he caused
him through much of his affliction. the city of Rome to be set on fire and
Jer. xxxvi: 4.                        like a fiend, sung while the flanes
were progressing, and the cries of the
NERO —[Ne'-ro.]                      sufferers wvere rending the air.  The
NERO  was a Ro-man emperor who Rotman senate was outraged by him,
ruled in the Apostolic age, from A.D. and in order to appease their wrath
~54 to CS. He was an infious, cruel Ihe put the blame upon the innocent
man, one of the most wicked.of all Christians-and he kept on persethe IRomann emperors.  In the first cuting t.hem, putting thein to all
part of his reign we are inforimed he kinds of tortLure  and cruel death.
was minild, and behaved with.decency But le rendered himself intolerable
and justice, for he pretended a desire to the senate. and they declared  him
to copy after an illustrious predeces- an enemy of Rome, when le feared
oret, Augustus.  But near the end of their action regarding him  and fled
his reign he became very tyrannical fromn the palace.  They sought him to
and cruel —and Ihe was guilty of sonme put him to dceath, and he to prevent
of the darkest cdeeds that -ever dis- this, committed self-murder.,graced the conduct and clhcaracter of.any man.  Among those foul deeds NETI-iANTEEL, 1 - [Ne-tha-l/-el,
was the cruel maurder.of his own meo-   the gift of Cod.
ther, le also put to cruel torture and   TWas the son of' Zuar, of the tribe of
death many of his friends and import- Issachar.  He was the chief of that,ant personages in his empire.       tribe, and was associated with 3oses
We have an account n 1IctIs, xv, and Aaron in managing the business
of the apostle Panl  tppealing  to of the nation at the time of their exoCesar, which was the appelationl of dus fiomn the land of Egypt. Nrul i: 8.
Roman emperors. Nero vras the elnperor to whom he appealed, and be- NETRALNEEL, 2 —he gift.of God.
fore him he went to be tried  Ncero   Was the fifth son of Obed-edom, and,does not condemln him; for the apostle one of the sacred porters. 1st Con-om
is permitted to preach, cand for two xxvi-: 4.
full years he continued t-t Ro-mne proclaiming  ithll great free-doi the doe- NETHANIA- T, 1 -  [Neth-a-ni'-ah,]
trines of the cross, and we lmay safely  the gft of the Lord..judge that he was instrumental in   Was the faGther of the Ishmael wh1o,
converting to the Christian religion in company with ten menr-or rather as
some of the members of _Nero's fam-  the captain of a company of ten lmen —
ily or household-for in writing his slew-Gedaliah at Mizpah.  Nethanialh:piistle to the Philipians, which was. was the son of Elishama, of the seed
writteun  fro-m  lome, andt  sent by royal. 2d Kings, xxv: 25.
Lpaphrod.ltus~, he says, iv: 22. "Al1
the saints salute you, chiefly they hat NETRHANAI, 2 —The gift of te
are of Cear's household."'B ut          Lord.
Paul was brought before Nero the   Was one of the sons of Asaph; and
second time and was condemuned to' when the lots were cast and the singers
be beheaded, and about this time he were divided into twenty-four courses,
wrote his second.epistle to Timothy. the fifth lot fell to hin.  1st Chromn
In that epistle lie gives.a most solemn xxv: 12.
charge to his son in the gospel, in
which hbarge e declares to Timnothy NIBII[AZ-[Nib' haz,] that fntctfies,
I anm now ready to be offered up,       to roph7esy, to speak.
Lnd the time of amy dcepartture is at   Was an idol god of the Avites,
hand. I have fought a good fight," which, it is said, was made like unto a
&c. It may be supposed that Nero dog. 2d Kings, xvii: 31, refers to this
was greatly enraged at Pauql because idol and the worship of it: " And the
that some of his own family had be- Avites made Nibhaz and Tartak."




NIC                 [358]                NII
N I C A N 0 R — [Ni-ca/nor,] a con- was something very strange to Nicoquer7o, victoriolts.               demus in  this doctrine of the new
NICANOrr iS referred to in Acts vi: birth,'and belngg grossly ignorant of it,
5, as one of the seven deacons of the lhe asked the SaXior how it was possichurch at Jerusalem.  lHe was se- ble for a man to be born again.  "Can
lecteci with his colleagues to attend to he enter the secondc time into his mlo —
sonie of thle interests of the church ther's womb and be born?"   Jesus
there, that the twelve apostles wished  asked if it were possile that he, being.
not to be b u r d e n e d with. They a Jew  and a teacher in Israel, one:
wished to devote themselves " wholly who had read tLhe divine oracles, was
to prayer and to the ministry of the ignorant of these things.  Jesus then
word.)  We learn of' Nicanor and discoursed to himn more fully re-arclLis companions, that they were "nien  ing the ldoctrine of regeneration, ancd
of' honest report, full of the Holy  elanided of him fitth in it as a vital
Ghost and of wisdom."  They were doctrine.     If I have told you earthly
ordained or set apart by the apostles, things and ye believed not, how shall
by the imnposition of hands, to the I tell you of heavenly things."  But
work and ofice for which they had the Savi             or in irmed lhim. that, "As
been selected.                         Moses lifted up the serpent in the wildeessa,  eoven so the Sonl o0f man mnust
lNICODEM3'U'S.-['lk-o-ldemnius,] i.z- be il'ted up; that whocoever believetrh
zocent blood; it G~reek, the victory in hien shoulcl  not perish, but uhave
of the peop2le.                   e0o erIstinogli fe.    Tle Sav -or tllereby
NICODEnruS was a Phearisee ai-d c gavc.Nicodemus to understand that as
ruler of the Jews, and as sich is i l- the brazen serpoent was raised up by
troduced to our notiice in John iii: 1. Moses in the camp of Israel, for the
"There was a man of the Pharisees cure of bitten Israelites so hlie himslf
named  Nicodemus, a ruler of the sholnld be liftecl m  on the cross, that
Jews."  H-e seem;s to hlave been p0ej- the dying childrein of men minght look
udiced in favor of Jesus, and by sone i by faith to him, -Ind have the poison
mnea-ans to have been led to highly es- of the serpent, sin, extracted, and a
teem  hini, and yet he was ashamned spiritual cure perrormed for them.l
openly to profbess it. He desired to  3lohn iii: 1-21.
<mak.e a confession to the Savior of   It is qcite trasonable  to suLppose
his regards, and to be instructed by that Nicodemus after this conversahim  in the way of hlife. I-e tlerefore tion becalne a true Christian, and it
ca11me to Jesus by night. ansd said unto is likely that he openly attended the
hiiii: " Rabbi, we lknow that thou art miniBstrations of Christ as he had opa teacher sent fromn God, for no man portunity.  We have an account in
can  do these  niracles'which thou John 7: 45, of a session of the Sandoest, exceept God be v~ith  him."  He hedrimi where the case of Jesus was
thereby acknowledged C h r i st a s a brought up.  The members were anwrortlhy teacher,  but in addition, he gry and raged at their officers for not -
intimated a desire to learn of him. apprehending Lim  and bringing him
Jesurs was always willing to inmpart in- before them —they derided and scoffcd
soruction  to those who approached  at the people -who believed in him,,
bin, but he clearly intimated to Nico- bul  th e officers said "Nesver mnan
denuns that lie  ought not to be spake like this man."  They' railed:
ashamed to acknowlecdge his convic- still more and declared that they who
tions.  He told him. that though le believed on Jesus were ignorant and
was a member and ruler in the Jewish accursed.   licodenmus sat there and
Church, and frithfully observed the heard all this —and he asked them if
orulms and ceremonies of re ligio n, it were according to the law that they
tlere was something more required. pretended  to  understand an d  be
The heart must be renewed, and  the governed by to condemn a man before
internal principles of true worship they heard him.  They had probably
lmust be exercised —that he must be suspected him for being a believer in
born again in order to see the king- Jesus.  The question had been asked.
dom of God.  The spirit must change have any of the rulers, or of the
his heart and re-new his nature. There Pharisees believed in himx.   They




NlIO]              [359]1              NOA
asked him  if he too was a Galilean, IEphesus, tho-ugh partially backslidand they bade him search the Jewish clen, also hated the deeds of the Nicoscriptures and  he would find that laitans.
there came no prophets out of Galilee.                                NWIMROD-[Nin'rod,] re b ebell ious,
But as evidence that Nicodemus         sleep of descenzt.
became a disciple of Jesus, he showed   NIMrROD was the son of Cush, and
his sympathy and feeling for Jesus a celebrated hunter. I-Ie is referred
and his cause at the crucifixion. to in Genesis, x: 8-11. This passage
Whether he was near Jesus when ap- with 1st Chronicles, i: 10, is the only
prehended, or when passing through place in the scriptures where he is
his mock  trial, we k now  not, or mentioned. He is supposed to have
whether he was really a witness of been a tyrant, and oppressor of the
the agonies of Jesus.  Yet he came poor. We learn that he founded a
out and showed himself a disciple by kingdom at Babylon, and set himself
assisting  Joseph  of Ar athea to up as a king. I-le extended his doprepare the body for burial, and minions to Erech, Accad and Calneh,
placing it in the tomb, while Joseph in the land of Shinar. In this land
provided a sepulcher, and begged of the tower of Babel was built, and it is
Pilate the body.  Nicocemnus pro- thought that Nimrod promo-ted the
vided a hundred pounds of myrrh and building of it.
aloes, alnd probably the linen clothes
with  which the body was wrapped. NISROCi-[.Nis'rochb,] fight, standAfter the two bad prepared the body    carcl, pr ooj:
for burial they bare it to the garden   Was an idol of the Assyrians, reand placed it in the new tomb.       ferred to in 2d Kings, xix: 37.
It has been said that when the
other members of the Jewish Sanhe- NOAH, 1 —No'-ah,] repose, rest, condrim heard of Nicodemuis becoming        solation.
a C(hristian, and being blptized, they   NoAH was the son of Lamech. He
deplseed him  fro  his oflice and ex- was born when his father was one
comllmunicated him f~rom the Jewish hundred and eighty-two years old.
church, and that he retired to the Gen. 5: 28. As the name given him
country residence of Gamnaliel where imports rest, repose, consolation, and as
he lived in peace, until he died a the language of Lamech, -when Noah
natural death, but of this we cannot was born, was: " This same shall comnbe certain.                          fort us concerning our work and toil of'
our hands," tlhere was probably an
NI[~C HOLAS-[Nik'o-las,1 viC'or of allusion to the preservation that lihe
the people.                      and his family should have in the
NICIIOLAS Wa  one of the'seven a-rk while the inhabitants of the world
deacons of the Jerusalem church. should be drowned.  The language
I-e was selected, as were his comnpan- of Lamlech seems to be prophetical.
ions, because he was a mzan of "honest We are informed in Gen. viii: 21, after
report, and full of the Holy Ghost, the wateros were assuaged from off the
and of wisdom."  Acts, vi: 5. (See face of the earth and Noah  came
Nicanor.)  It is not known certainly forth frorm the ark to offer sacrifice to
whether the sect of the Nicolaitans God, he used the fllowing language::
received their namle in lonor of him, "God smelled a savour of rest and
or took to thelmselves the name, be- said he would not curse the ground
cause of his fame for sanctity. They any more for man's sake."  By this
were a very detestable and corrupt language we can hardly fail to be resect, revellin g in abomination and minded of Lamech's language when
wickedness. They were addicted to he named him.
the use of meats offered unto idols;   But the character of Noah is set
but one of the worst features of their forth in GCen. vi: 9:  "Noah was a
system was, they imputed their wick- just man and perfect in his generaedness to G-od. Their deeds are dc- tion, and Noah walked with God."'
lda red in R e v e l a t i o n, ii: 6, to be When it is said he was a just man.
hateful to God, and the church of we understand that he gave to all




NOA                 13601               NOA
their due. And when it is said he shut himself up, and the flood came
was a perfect man in his generations and destroyed all living things.
we understnmd he was in all t.hings   After he had been about a year in
consistent in his character, and never the ark, as the waters were to him evideparted froi  the truth in principle dently much decreased, he opened a
or practice. And again; when it is window and sent out a raven to see if
said he walked with God we unlder- the earth was dry. The ark rested on
stand that he was truly pious —de- M3t. Ararat, and the tops of the survoted to God and to the great inter- rounding mountains in a few weeks
ests of his so ul. Like Enoch, he were visible fromn the windows of the
enjoyed union and communion with ark. Ie, it may be, thought that the
God. But while Noah was thus just,  waters were assuaged, and said, " I
perfect, and walked with God, the will send forth the raven," and it went
inhabitants of earth around him were forth to and fro until the waters were
wicked, insoimuch that it is said the dried up froml off the earth. As the
earth was corrupt before God and raven was a kind of bird that could
filled with violence; nay more, it is pick up food floatin on the surface of
said zll flesh had corrupted his way the water, or food that had been left
upon the earth. The wickedness of by the receding waters on the mountain;
Iman wiaLS So great in the earth that it side, until it w a s fully satisfied, it
is   aid "every imagination of the may have had  no disposition to go
thoughts of his heart was only evil again within the ark. Noah next sent
continuallyv and it repentecld the Lord forth a dove. It found no dry place
that he had made man on the earth, and speedily returned to the ark, when
and it grieved him  at heart."  God Noah put forth his hand and took it in.
determined to destroy man from the He waited seven days and sent out the
face of the earth.  Ie determined to dove again. Again she returned, beardestroy all the earth with water. But ing in her mouth an olive leaf. This
while the wicked inhabitants were olive leaf was an emblem of peace reswept off with the besoml of destrue- stored  betwixt God and the earth.
tion, God rewarded the piety in life Still Noah seemed not to be filly satisand fidelity in teaching of his servant fled that the waters had dried up, and
Noah.  lHe bade him make an ark of he waited seven other days and sent
gopher wood. God gave him all the out the dove again, and she returned
necessary direetions concerning it, to him  no more, fromn which circumand at once he began its erection, for stance he understood the waters were
the safety of his iamily and the ani- sufficiently dried up to justify his reaeals  with which the world was to be moving the covering fronm the ark.
peopled after the flood. It is sup- Soon aier, lie and his family, and the
posed tha-t he -spent a hundred and animals that had been preserved with
twenty years in building the ark, and them, went forth.  From  the sacred
all that time continued faithfully to historian we learn that their stay in the
preach to the wicked antediluvians. ark had been one year and ten days.
H-ad they repented the judgment of   One of the first things that Noah did
God might have been turned aside; after leaving the ark was to build an
bhut they did not. They continued in altar and offer unto God clean beasts
their sins "-until the flood came and and clean fowls as a burnt offering on
swept them  all away."  He warned his newly erected altar.  He thus oftherm of the coming flood, but they fered thanksgiving and praise to God
heeded not his -warnings.             for his preseration, and God accepted
At length the ark was completed, his sacrifice, and promised him that he
and in company with his wife and his would not again curse the ground. fbr
three sons, Shemi, 1Ham and Japheth, man's sake, and that he would not
and their wives, under the divine di- again smite every living thing as he
rection he entered the ark, taking with had done. He furthermore promised
hlim  seven of all clean animals that unto Noah that as long as the earth
could not live in water, and two of all remained there should be seedtimle a-nd
~unclean.  Having provided in the ark harvest, and cold and heat, and suambfood for his family and the animals, he nmer and winter, a-nd day and night.
i God also charged Noah and his sons to




NOA                  [361]               NOA
multiply and replenish the earth. I-e I duly sober, and learned what Hamn, his
allowed them  to cat the flesh of clean younger son, had done, andl what part
animals, provided  they did not cat Canaan performed in the scene that
them  with the blood; and le gave I hal transpired, and also how Shein and
them a law, which, so far as we know,  Japheth had acted, he pronounced a
has never been repealed: "Whoso curse of servitude upon the descendsheddeth man's blood, by nman  ihall ants of 11am, bvt pronounced blessings
his blood be shed; fior in the image of upon Sheri and Japheth and their posGod made lie man."  Thus we are terity.  Of Ham's children, lie dtaught that panishiment is to be in pro- clared they should be slaves to the
portion to crime.'Whoever kills a dlescendants of his brothers, and should
man, unless it is unwittingly, as the be sorely oppressed by thenl.  Of the
Scripture expresses, shall for doin so  o  osterity of Shem  lie predicted the
forfeit his own life.                  Messiah should coire, and of the posThe Ahlmighty also marked  the es- telity of Japheth, which "should be
tablishment of his covenant with Noah enlarged," lie should at last seiza upon
for the  future  preservation  of' tlle the territory of Shem, or shou!ld literally
world, by  "setting  his bow in the com)!:-,ss the whole earth.  We learn
clouds.    The rainbow  is a natural of Noah that he died at the agQ of
effect of a natural cause.  It has al- nine hundred and fifty years, only a
ways been seen when the sun shines on little while beflore Abraham was born.
a watery cloud directly opposite to it,   The generations of thle sons of Noah
and never in any part of the heavens as given in Genesis x: show that his
except opposite to tle sun. It existed ilmmendiae te posterity w as very large.
then before the flood; but God toolk i YVery ifvorable mention is made of himi
as a thing existing in nature and made  in connection with Job, the patriarch,
it a sign to Noaho and his posterity that and ]Daniel the prophet, by Ezek. xiv:
the world should not again le droweed 14.   lhoughl these three men, Noah,
-a token that the waters should no Daniel and Job, wvere in it, they should
more cover tle earth.  See G-en. -'i: deliver but their own souls by their
7-8.                                   righteousness, saith the Lord."   By
Not long ahfer the flood, Noah be- this. we are to understand that these
canie. a husbandmaan andl planted a m thr ee men werei singularly righteous.
vincyard  ancl cultivate&d the vine.  I The fith of  Noah is celebrated by
Shortly after the vine had been culti- the apostle in his epistle to the Hevated and the juice  of the grape had brews, xi: 7.  "By faithl  Noah being
been expressedT, Noah learned  from  its warneCd of God, of things not seen as
effects upon hliml as he drank it, its in- yet, moved with  ifear, prepared an ark
toxicating power, "for he drank of the to the savring of his house; by the
wine and was drunklen, and la  unIICOV- which lie condemned the world, and beerecd within his tent."  He may have carne the heir of the righteousness
been innocent, not Iknowing the intoxi- which is by faith."  And Peter, in 2cld
cating power of' the wine; but it, has Epistle, ii: 5, calls him L'a preacher of
the appearance,  of a stain upon the righteousness.'  ~Christ refbrs to Noah
character  of this great adt good n man. ands his history, with the flood andc the
Ham, the youngeo' son, was problably destruction of the inhabitants of the
infornled of the condition of Noah, o 1 d  world.  Matthew, xxiv: 37-38.
who lay drunken and uncovered within  "But as the clays of Noe were, so shall
his tent, by his o:on Canaan.  The two also the coming of the son of 1man be.
were evidently associated in reprehensi- For as in the days that were before the
ble conduct to-ard him.  H-am,  in a floocld, they were eating and drinking,
sportive manner, informed  slis two Imarrying and giving in marriage, until
brothers of their father's drunklenness. the day that Noe entered the ark, and
They wondered that Ham should treat knew not until the flood came and took
him thus, and throwing a garment or them all away."
mantle hurriedly over their shoulders,   Noah has been looked upon as prethey ran backward and covered their figuring Jesus, h is name signifying
father's nakedness, that they might not rest.  H-is upright and holy life in the
behold their father's shame.  When midst of a wicked and perverse world;
Noah awoke from his wine and became his faithful preaching to the people,




NOA                 [362]                OBA
warning them, and boldly denouncing God, and a lover of her prophets, and
sin, is lnuch like the work and charac- he supplied the hundred men with the
ter of the Savior.  The ark which he necessaries of life.  He must lhave had
built for the saving  of his house, some difficulty in supplying them secretly
p]reoguring the salvation that has been as he did, for he was required to go out
provided for lost guilty man. It was through the land and see if he could
the only deliverance for Noah and his find provender for the starving beasts.
family, so Christ is the only Savior for The land had been without rain for
our race, and hIis salvation the only three years, and dire famine prevailed,
salvation provided.                   and yet Obadiah secretly fed one hundred of the Lord's prophets.  This perNOA-, 2 —Repose,  est, consolation. se6ution of the prophets by Jezebel
*NoAItI was one of the five daughters was, it is supposed, during the dearth,
of Ze!ophfiLad, that de-manded of Mio- and sh.e charged the public calamity
ses an inheritance.  Num. xxvi: 33.  upon Elijah, and not being able to find
him, she wreaked her venogeance upon
NT O B A H —[No'balh,] that blrks or suchl of the prophets as she could find.
Je.2Se. ~Elijah having spent six months at the
Was an Israelite warrior probably brook Cherith, and three years with the
of~ t'he tribe of ]'ranassehl, who con.- widow of Serepta, was commanded by
quered the city of Ceotth, withl the his God to go and show himself unto
villages cep,l e dent  upon it, gave the Ahab, and as hle was going h1e mlet
conquered  territory hlis own name, Obadiah, who was on an excursionof
and dwclt there.  iN-uab. xxxii: 42. hunting water and pro-vender.  Assoon
as lie saw tlhe  propilet he knew him,
NOG\i W —[No'gabh.]                    and fell on his tcee before him.  Elijah
Was one of the thirtteen sons of told him  to go and tell the king,
David, born toh il:zin Jerusalm.  1st "''Behold  Eliiah  is here."  Obadial
Chronicles, iii; 7, ndcl xiv: 6.      object ed to doing this, for his impression
was, that the Lord who had t:aken care
N Y M P E    A S —[NlTiia'fas,] s2ouzsc,e  of Elijah during the persecution of the
icejieyroons.                     prophets, would by his spirit take him
-YMP-IPAS was a Christian in the away, and his life would be placed in
city o' Laodicea., devoted to the ause jeopardy frtml the anger of Ahab, exof Christ in the apostolic age. The asperated  by  such  disappointment.
apostles had enjoyed his hospitality, But Elijah told Obadiah that hle was
and worshbiped God  in  his house. determined that day to show himself
The refmerence to Nymphas is in Col. unto Ahiab.  When Obadiah was fully
iv: 15.   i Salute the brethren which satisfied, lie went to neet Athab, and
are in Laodicea,  and aNymplhas and inform  him  that Elijah was coming
the chureh which is in his house." after him to see the King. It was but
From which- we may certainly gather a little while until the prophet and the
that he was a piouts man, and that his King of Israel met.
household was religious.
OBADIAH, 2 —Se' ant o"f the Lord.
OBADIAii  I 1-[O-ba-di'-ah,] ser-   OBADIAH xwas one of the lesser
c vcnt of the Lord.              prophets, and he wrote the book which
OB3ADIAH was a good iman weho oecu- bears his name. It is supposed by some
pied <: high position in the government that he was the same as the governor or
of Ahab, King of lsrael. Though the steward of Ahab's house, but this is
king his master and all the fbmily of not very likely. There is a striking
of the king were wicked, yet Obadiah  similarity  between his prophecies,
feared God and practiced righteousness. and some of those which were uttered
When Jezebel, the wife of Ahab, about the time of, or indeed after
sought out the Lord's prophets to have the destruction of Jelerusaleml  by the
then murdered, he took their part, so Chaldeans.  The prophecies that are
far as he could without being deposed. referred to as being similar are Jer.
He hid a hundred of thenm in two caves, xlix, Ezek. xxv.  Usher insists that he
thereby running a risk of being found prophesied within a year or two after
out as a devout worshiper of Israel's the taking of Jerusalem.




ODA                 [363]                OBD
The prophecy of Obadiah consists of OBED, 1. —[O'-bed,] c servant.
one chapter, wherein lie severely rep-   OBIED was the son of Boaz and Ruth
rimands tho E1domites for the partthey and the father of Jesse, hence the
acted is conquering the Jews, and grandfather of David.  Ruth, iv: 17.
rejoicing in their destruction.       When an infaint hoe was placcd in the
hands of Naomi.i for "she became
OBA.)BAH, 3. —Servant of the Lord. nurse unto it."  This good woman had
OBADIAHI was one of the valiant men been disconsolate for several years, haywho caime to join David'sj army at Zik- ing lost her husbandz and her two sons;
lag, or in the wilderness.  1st Chron- but Ruth had attended hler to her naicles, xii: 9.                        tive land and married Boaz. As soon
as Obed was born the Nwolmen of BethOBADIAH-l, 4.-Se-vant of the Lord. lehemn said, "Blessed Le the Lord
OBADIAII was one of the ministers which hath not left thee this day withsent out throughout the land by Jehos- out a kinsman, that his name 1may be
haphat, the king of Judab.  2d Chron. famous i:n Israel.  ALnd he shall be to
xvii: 7. The kizng established na ys- thee a restorer of thy life and a nourteom  of instruction, or as sorme have i:-_-her of thine old age; for thy Claughcalled it, an itinerant minisbty, and sent ter-in-law which loveth thee, which is
them through all thie cities of Judah to better to thee than seven sons, lhath
teach the people.  Obadiah was one of borne him.''" Aind it is further said
those ministers.  They went about tak- that the women, Naomi's neighbors,
ing the law of the Lold with them, and gave him the name Oecd.
firomri it they taught, and the instructions they gave, and the labor they per- OBED, 2. —A scrvdzt.
formed were very benefic;iil.            OBED was one of King ]David's valWe may suppose that the effect was iant men.  1st Chron. xi: 47. In this
to improve the moral tone and make the chapter there is a list of thirty-seven
kingdom of Judah prosperous, for the valiant men, divided into four parts:'"fear of the Lord, fell upon all the 1. A  captain general; 2. The first
kingdomis of the land that were round three; 3. The second three; and 4.
about them, so that they made no war Thirty who occupied the same position,
against Jehoshaphat."                 Obed belonged to that thirty.
But that was not all the effect of this
ministry, for the "[Philistines brought OBED, 3.-A servant.
Jehoshaphat presents, and tribute of   OBED was the son of Shematiah and
silver, and the Arabians brought him  the grandson of Obed-Edom, and one
flocks to the amiount of seven thousand of the sacred porters. 1st Chron.
seven hundred raims, and seven thou- xxvi: 7.
sand and seven hundred lie goats.
0 B E           MD-E [D O  Ol-[O'-bed-E'-dom.]
OBADIAH, 5.-Servant of the Lord.   OnEDn-ED oiO       Was the son of Jedutham, a Levite, and the father of
OBADIAR was -a principal man of the Shemaiah, Jehozabad, Joah, Sacar,
Jews in the days of Nehemial. One Nathlaneel, Atommiel, Issachar anl
of those who subscribed to, or sealed Peulthai.' Ist Chron. xxvi: 4, 5.
the covenant mnade with the Lord. We  have an interesting incident of
Neh. x: 5.  There were four classes Obed-Edom recorded in 2d Sam. vi:
of persons who sealed: viz: 1st, the 10, also 1st Chron. xiii 14.  King
governor, Nehfemiaih;  2d, the priests; David was bringing the ark from1  Kir3d, the Levites; 4th, the chief of the jath-jearim to Jerusalemn.  Ile placed
p e op le.  Obadiah belonged to the it on a new cart drawn by oxen.  As
priests.                              Uzzah and Ahio were conveying the
ark thus, or driving the oxen toward
OBAL-]O/-bal,] inconvenience of old Jerusalem, they came to a threshing
age, of theflux.                 floor and Uzzah put forth his hancd to
steady the ark - in doing whieh lie
O3AL was the son Joktan, and the violated a law that God had given to
grandson of Eber, and is referred to in the Levites, Num. iv: 15, 20, and for
the posterity of Shem. Gen. x: 28.   that violation the Lord slew him and




OBE                 [3641                oG
he died there by the ark. David was hundred and twenty thousand of the
struck  with terror at thle  sudden Jews, and carried captive two hundcled
death of Uzzalh, for touching the ark thousand of the people. Just at this
-and he was afraid at that time to point, Oded, the prophet, is introtake it on to Jerusalem; so he re- duced to our view, and he makes an
mloved it to the house of Obed-Edomu  appeal to the conquerors for humane
tle  Gittite, that was near by the treatment toward the captives. His
threshing  floor where Uzzah  had address is exceedingly beautiful and
died and he left it there.           touching. " Behold because the Lord
Obed-Edom  received the ark and God of your fathers was wroth with
gave it a place in his house, and it Judah, he hath delivered them into
remained there three months, during your hand, andc ye have slain themii in
which t ime tlhe  Lord  blessed the a rage tlhat reachetl up unto heaven.
house of Obed-Edom, and blessed all And now ye purpose to keep under
that pertained unto him  because of the children of Judahl and Jerusathe ark being there.  The family did lenmfor bondmen and bondcwomen unto
not suffer inconvenience fromi the ark you; but are there not with you, even
being with them, but were prospered with you, sins against the Lord your
in various ways.  It is likely it in- God?  Now hear me therefore, and
creased in nunlbers as well as being deliver the captives again, which ye
oth erwise blessed, for we learn from  have taken captive of your brethrethren
1st Chron. xxvi: 8.; there weri sixty- for the fiere wrath of the Lord is
two aible bodied 1'nc of the house of upon you."  They were well affcted
Obed-Edoml that were appointed por- by this speech, and moved by the reters of the temple. This vwas several monstrance it contained. They Lot
years after the ark was in his house, only dissisecd or released tle capand the Lord blessed his house be- tives, ut they took the spoils  whciL
cause of it.                        they had taken  fromn them, and with
We do not know why he is called a those spoils they clorthed and fed and
Gittite, except it be that he was born shod them. And those of theon who
in Ga-thrimrlon, or had lived awhlile were too feeble to walk or endure the
il some place, that had given him the march to Judea, they set upon asses
title. It iay be in Gath of the Phil- and escorted theni safely to Jericho.
istines.                             And after they hadc done this, they returned to Samaria, and to their own
OBIL-[O'-bil,] that weeps, descu,!es kingdom. It is almost, if iot quite
to 6be bezcailede, cancienlt.    impossible, to find a parallel to this
GOTL an Ishimaelite, was placed by case in all the history of the world,
aing'David over his camels.  1st and its walrs. And the prophet Oded
Chron. xxvii: 30.                    had niuch to do with this action- of.Israel towards their b r e t h r e n of
OCRAN-[Ok' L    ranj] disturber.    Judah.
gas of the tribe of Asher, and the
~father of Pagiel the prince who as- OG —A cake, brecad baked in the ashes.
sisted 3Moses in numbering the tribes   OG was the king of Bashan.  lie
of Israel. Num. i: 13.               belonged to the race of men who were
of extraordinary stature, called giants.
ODED-[O'ded,] to slstafmz, to iyft up. These persons were doubtless not as
ODED  was a prophet of the Lord, large as they are commonly believed
who is referred to in 2d Chronicles, to have been.  The spies who went
xxviii: 9. We have the history of under the direction of l3oses to search
Ahaz, a king of Judah, given, froml the promised land and see what it was,
which we learn that he reigned wick- and what was the strength of its inedly for sixteen years. He restored habitants, brought a very disheartenidolatry in its worst forlms into his ing report back, except Caleb and
kingdom, and as a punishment for Joshua. See Num. xiii: 33.  They
his wickedness, the Lord delivered said: "W5e saw giants, the sons of
him into the hands and power of the Anak, which come of the giants; and
lking of Syria, and of the king of we were in our own sight as grassIsrael.  Pekah slew in Judah, one hoppers, and so we were in t h eir




O                  r3653]              OMR
sight;" fromwhich  we may understandc OLYIPAS, 2-i-~eavenry.
that they were a robust, sturdy, war-   OLYTiPAS-J PITTER  was a heathen
like race of men.  But Og is judged god whlose statue was set up in the
to have been a mlanl of very great stat- temple of Jerusallem by the order of
ure. His bedstead was of iron, and it Antiochlus-Eipiphanes, and it remained
was line cubits long and four cubits there for three ye.rs. It is supposed
broad. This is reckonecl by some to that this idol is referred to in Pan. xii:
be sixteen feet in length, and seven Ill, when it is saic " And from the time
feet three inches in breadth. Og is that the daily sacrifices shall Le taken
supposed to be considerable shorter away, and the abomination that laketh
than his bedstead, but supposing him  desolate set up, shall be one thousand,
to be but three-fourths as long, he two hundred and ninety days."
was of great stature.  This wonderful
piece of furniture for the king's sleep- ONIAR    [0'-maar,] he that sVeaks,
ing apartment is thought to have been     bitter.
taken by the Ammonites in battle,  Waas one of the sons of Eliphaz, the
and as a trophy of victory carried to son of Esau.  There were six of them,
their royal city, inabb'Ai4 for it is Teman, Onmar, Zepho and Gatam, and
called the royal city of the chfidren Kenlaz and Amalek.  These six are
of Ammon, in 2d Sam. xii: 26.  The reckoned as the sons of Adah, Esau's
Almmonites probably kept this bed- wife, because she was the mother of
stead there as a crLioity for a long E]liphaz. Gen. xxxvi: 1t, 12.
time.
The- children of Israel warred with OMiRI, 1 —[Omn-ri,] a sheaf of corn,
Og, king of iBashan, at Edrei, and the   rebeldion, bitter.
battle went against Og, and in favor
of Israel.  They defeated him, and   OnBmI was the general to the forces
took three score fortified cities with of Elah, king of Israel and was enmanyunwalledtowns.  The israelites gaged in besieging Gibbethon with
matde an utter destruction of the peo- the army at the time the inteiigence
pie of his kingdom, and they took all reached hilu  that Zimri, who w a s
his cattle and spoils as a prey. And"'captain of half o' ila' chariots,"
they took possession of his land, with had conspired against the 1ingr and
the land of Sihon, king of the Amor- slain him while in the house of Arites, and it was given unto the Reu- za, his st-eward.  le also learned
benites, Gadites, and to the half that Zirri had slain all the house of
tribe of Manasseh. Beut. iii: 1-14. Baasha that there might be none to
And Og was slain -by the Israelites sit on the throne, and himself had
afterwards, if not at the time his coun- usurped authority and ascended the
try was taken. Psalms cxxxv: 10, 11. throne at Tirzah.  Eie left Gibbethon
"; Who smote great nations, and slew  at once and hurried to Tirzah and
mighty kings; Sihon, king of the laid siege to it, and took it.   i hen
Amorites, and Og, king of Bashan." Zimri saw that the city was taken he
hurried into the king's palace and set
O-HAPI).                             it on fire, and himself perished in the
Was one of the six eons of Simeon, flames. He thus chose rather to die
who went down with the family of Ja- by his own hands than to iall into the
cob into Egypt.  The children and hands of his enemy.
grandchildren of the aged patriarch are   The kingdom of Israel was then
enumerated, and their names are given hurried into a civil war that lasted
in Gen. xvi.                        about four years. It was headed on
the one side by Omri and on the
OLY3PAS, 1- -O-limi-pas,] hear- other by Tibni, the son of Ginath.
enly.                           It is said half the people followed the
Was a believer in Christ of the apos- one and half followed the other. The
tolic age, who is refmrred to in IRom. army, however, we suppose, was for
xvi: 15, with several other persons of Omri, and he prevailed. They were
distinguished virtue and nlerit. The both aspiring for the honorable posiChristian salutations of Paul are given tion of king, vacated by the murder
to him.                             iof Elah by his dastardly servant.




OMR                [366]               ONE
As Omri prevailed, and the other for his sin was puigished with death.
aspirant was dlead, he aseended the His crime was evidently that of rethrone, and reigned twelve years. fusing to raise up sped munio his broHis reign was by no means a good. ther, c ildren who,should inherit the
reign, for " he xrougAh   evil in the possessions of the former husband of
eyes of the LoTCI, anld did worse than their mother, the first husband havyall before Pl."                   ing died chilkless.  Gen. xxxviii: 4,
lHe purchased the hill Sam aria 10.
fronm one Shemorn for two talents of
silver, and built on it; then called it ONESi ~ [USO-nes'si-mus,] profiafter the name of its former owner.   table, useful.
He made the city he built on that   OxEsmvs was a Phrygian by birth,
hill the capital of his kingdom, and it and the slave of Philemon. He debecame the capital of the ten tribes. set-ed his master and made Iis way
What all the acts of his wicked to RBome, where he heard the apostle
reign were we can not tell; nor, in- Paul preach and teach, and through
deed, what the principal of t h e m  the apostles instrumentality he was
were; but the sacred Ihistory informs c o n v er t e d to Christianity.  It is
us that lie was more wicked than Jer- likely that he told the apostle at once,
oboaml or any of his predecessors. that he had left his master's service,
He was, we doubt not, an idolater in and Paul advised hin to retlurn and
principle and pracutice. He gave them  sent with him the epistle to.Philemon.
royal precept and royal example, and, The epistle is strongly preaslasive; he
in all probability, he enacted laws and urges Plhilemon to receive Onesimus
circulated edicts amking idolatry the for his sake, and to forgive him any
religion of the land. Miecan, vi: 16, wrTong he had comm itted, declaring
is a clear reference to them:  "  or that he had been soundly converted,
the statutes of Omri are kept, and all " W h o  in I have begotten in my
the works of the house of Ahaab."   bonds]."   He also declares that he
Omnri died and was buried in Sama- had been so far faithful, and had
ria, atnd Ahab, his son, reigned in his greatly won upon his feelings, "a brostead. 1st Kings, xvi: 8-2:8.       ther beloved'"  e is utnto me. As
he returned him to Philemon he coanOMR I, 2-A sheaf of corn, rebellion,, mends him to his esteem and Chrisbitter.                         tian regards.
03mI, the son of M ichael, was the   0 ne s i m u s became an eminent
ruler in the tribe of Issachar, in the Christian and a faithful worker in the
time of David. 1st Chron. xxvii: 18. church.  It is said that Paul made
him a bishop of the church in Berea,
ON —_Pain, force, ziniqity.         in 3Iacedonia. [See Epistle to PhileON, the son of Peleth, of the tribe mon.]
of Reuben, was enga',ed with Korah,
hatthan and Abiram in the rebellion, ON1ES-It)PHORUS - [On-c-sif-o-rus,]
which resulkted in the earth opening her  w7ho blings profit.
mouth and swillowirlng up the guilty   OzT-ESiu-ionus was probably a native
leaders, and those who adhered to of Ephesus, andone of the most ardent
them. Num. xvi,                     and devoted Christialns of that place.
We have an account in 2d Tim. i: 16,
ONA.Tll                           A&c-, of his great kindness to the aposONMDu was the son of Shobal, and the tle Patul. When Onesiphorus went to
grandson of Seir the Horite.  Gen. Rome, and Paul was there in prison,
xxvi:: 23.                          he sought himi out, had a conference
with him, and to the utmost of his
ONAN-.[{O'/-n aun,] pai, strength. in- power comforted and assisted the aposiquity.                         tle.  "When he was in Roteme, he
ONhAN was the son of Judah, he sought me out very diligently, and
was the second son of the Canaanite found me."  But he was a devoted
woman, Shuah. His father bade him  friend of Paul at Ephesus, giving him,
marry his elder brother's widow —he no doubt, the hospitalities of his house,
did so, but sinned against God, and and in many ways ministering unto




ONE                 [367]               OTH
h]im. Paul greatly loved him, and in return to her own land, and seek a
closing up his epistles he saluted him  home among her k in d r e d, Orpah,
and his household in the Lord. 2d like Ruth, teing strongly attached to
Tim. iv: 19.                         her, concluded to go to Judah with
her.  She endeavored  to  dissuade
OPTI-IR-[O'-fir,] ashes.             them, but at first failed, and afterWas a son of Joktan and descendant wards, with Orpab, she succeeded.
of Shem. He is referred to in Gen. x:   The three widows had passed out
29, as one of thirteen sons who had. of the city or village where they lived
their dwellings from  Mesha unto Se- towards I omiuni's  country, and Naomi
phar.  The country which is called gave theim her 1mind as to the proOphir was probably settled by the de- priety of their renmainig where they
scendants of Ophir, who, it may be, were, whiile she returned alone. She
gave the c o untry the name.  It gave them to understand that she apabounded in gold and precious stones. preciated their kindness, but thou ght
For the building of Solomon miuch gold it was best for them not to go with her.
was brought therefrcom. 1st Kings, ix: She gave them a solemn and touching
28: " And they came to Ophir and charge:  " Go return elch to her
fetched from thence gold four hundred mother's house; the Lord deal kindly
and twenty talenits, and brought it to with you, as you have dealt with me,
King Solomon."  See, also, x: 11, and and with the dead.  The Lord grant
xxii: 4-.                             that you nmay find restb erch of you in
the house of your lusband. Then
O H E B — [Oreb,] a,ravei, ctution,  she kissed their  a'nd they lifted up
eveningl.                        their v o i c e s and wept."  What (a
OREi  was a prince of the tMidian- touching scene. Bjut they were not
ites, who with Zeeb, another prince, changed firom  their purpose. They
was pursued by the men of ]Ephraim  were both determined to accompany
under the direction of Gideon, after lher, and see hIer Baely lodged among
he had had the miraculous Victory her own people. Naoui agsain plead
over the mighty army that were en- with theim, setting forth her position
camped on the plains of Moab.        and circumstances, to tarry in the land
The Ephraimites followed them in of 3Moab, while she went on to _Jeththeir flight f0om their own country to leham-Judcah. Her reasoning w ithl
Beth-barah and Jordan, and overtak- them had force in it, andc the picture
ing them they totally overthrew them, she drew was so dcark that Orpah conand taking the p r i n c e s they slew  eluded to remain in ler own country,
them.  Oreb they slew on the rock and she was commended by Naomi
Oreb, and ceeb at the wine press of for her good sense, and propriety in
Zeeb. It is thought that Oreb took doing so.  The parting scene must
refuge famong the rocks or in a cave lhave been very afiecting. They spent
of the rocks, and they named the rock a few momlents, it may be, calling up
Oreb, while the other took refuge in reminiscences of the past-wept tothe vat of a wine press. H aving gether at the remembrance of their
slain them, the Ephraimites brought losses, when Orpah kissed her mothertheir heads to Gideon, as evidence of in-law,"' and they parted, the one to
their victory. Jud. vii: 25.         Judea, and the other to take up her
lif'e residence with her own people.
ORNAN-[Or'nan,] that r ej o ices,
their bowz on1 ar/l.             OTI-NT-[Oth/-ni,] W/ timne, my hoztr.
See Arauniah, the Jebusite.          OTINI was the son oi Shemaialh and
the grandson of Obed-Edom, and one
ORPAH —[0r'pah,] the neck, skull, of the sacred porters. 1st Chronicles,
nakedness of the,mouth.         xxvi: 7.
O RPAII was a }Moabitish woman,
who was imarried to one of the sons OTHINIEL. - [Oth-ni-el,] the houtr
of the widowed and disconsolate Na-       of God.
omi.  She, with her sister-in-law,   OTIINIEL was the son of Kenaz. lHe
Ruth, was left a widow, her husband belonged to the tribe of Judah, and
dying. When Naomi determined to was the first Judge of Israel. He was




OTHI                [368]                PAER
the neph-ew of Caleb azld mrried Ach- line of the Messialh, as the genealogy is
sah his daughter.  The Canaamnites in- given.  Matt. i: 8, 9.
habited a part of the inheritance that
had teen apjortioned Caleb, and he OZNIh-[Oz/-ni..
was exceedingly anxious to free Dibir,     Was of the trilwe of Gad, and at the
or Kirjath-Sepher, frnom  the hands head of the family in that tribe ca3Ul
and power of those who inhabited it. Oznites.  Nun. xxvi: 16
He promised to give Achsah his daughter to wife to him who should smite the    AARA —[Pa'/ —ra;, oDpening.
city. Othnile, the son of Kenaz, nn-  -Was one of the mighty men of
derteook it and succeeded; he thereby David, re-ferred to in 2d-Sam. xxiii:
purchased Achsah.. Josh. xv: 16, &c. 35.  ie is called Pxalai. the Arbite.
While Achsah was preparing to depaIt fhoml the house of her father to IPAG1IEL —[ta?2'-g-el,] o?- vci.os or
that of Othuiel her husband, she moved    pcrayer oJf G-a.
Othniel to ask for her of her father   PXGIEL Vfas the  0on of Ocran, of
al Ilro'iage present. It would seem  the tribe of Asher.   e  wvas chief of
fi'om the account that he was not will-, his tribe, and was aesoeiated with
ing; hence she undertook it herself. 3oses and Aeron in mana gng the
She met her father and indicated a de- brusiness of their n tion., at the timne
sire to make a request of him.  He of their Exodus frhom  the land of
told her to ask what she would, and Eg-ypt.  Nuil. i: 13. And when the
she asked an  additional blessing: tabernacle was fully set up he made
"Thou hast given mle a south landc, an offering for his tribe.  Numbers
gijve nme also springs of water; and he vii: 78.
gave her the upper springs and the
netoher spring-s." 7PALLU-[Pa'-lu-.]
In Jud. iii: 8-11, we have an ae-     Was of the tribe of Reuben, and
count of Othniel delivering his people from him c~ame the famlily of the Palfiom the power of the king of M eso- luites. Num. xx vi: 5.  le was thZe
potarnia, who hlad enslaved the-n  for grand-father of Path'an and Abiram,
eiht years. Chushan-rishathaim  wTas who were so famnous in the conSgreatheir oppressor.  God stirred up Oth- tion of Israel for striving against Mlfoniel to levy an arnimy sufficient to war ses and Aaron, and who were destroyed
with him. Hle routed the king o'f Mes- in the company of Korah.  Numbalcrs
opoternia and his troops, and fully de- xxvi: 9.
livecred Israel, after which the land had
rest for fbrty years, or till the fortieth PALTI-[Pal'-ti,] deiivercance,,f'ight.
year of their settlement in it.  After   Belonged to the tribe of Benjamin,
living and actilg to profit through his and was selected by Moses as one of
life, he died in hlonor.              the twelve spies, to search out and examine the nature and state of the land
OZEi1h - [O-zenl,] that fa.ns,  th'i  Of Canalan. Nunml. xiii: 9.
ea~gernicss.                     )PALTIEL-[Pal-ti'-el.]
03pi was the sixth son of Jesse,   The son of Azzan, of the tribe of
and t-he brot;her of David.  1st Chron. Lssachar, was one of the princes that
ii: 15. We have an account in 1st assisted Joshua and Eleazar in dividSanm. xvi: of the sons of Jesse being ing the land of Canaan among the
called to pass before Samuel, that he tribes of Israel.  Num. xxxiv: 26.
might select and anoint, fronl auongst
them, one to take the place of Saul. PARMASIITA —[Par-mnash'-tah.]
Ozem we suppose was the last one that   Was one.of the ten sons of iHaman,
passed before him, before David was who were hanged, as Haman, their fasent for.                             ther, lhad been hung.  Esther, ix: 9,
OZIAS-[0-zi'-as,  strength from the PARMENAS-[Par-me'-nas,] that is
Lor d.                                permanent.
Was the son of Jorami, and the   Was one of the seven deacons of the
father of Joathaml.  lie was one in the church in Jerusalem, referred  to in




PAR                 [369]                PAU
Acts, vi: 5, 6. Like Stephen and his captivity, and should die in Babylon,
other companions, he was a good man, and be buried there.  Hle, and all his
one "of honest report, full of the friends, to whom  he had prophesied
Holy Ghost and wisdom."  With the lies, should corme to the samlze sad end.
others he was ordained to the work and   Pashur occupied a high place and his
offices for which he had been selected sins were sorely punished.  TWe have
by the imposition of the apostles' hands. his sin and punishment thus set forth
as a warning to those who are in auPARNACH —[Par'-nak.]                   thority, and wearing sacred vestments.
Was the father of Elizaphan, the His name, Pashur, signified "whiteprince of the tribe of Zebulun, who ness, or freedom," but the new namee
assisted in dividing the land of Canaan. which the Lord gave hin, Magor-missNum. xxxiv: 25.                        abib, signifies " fear rouand  about."'
PARSHE1 ANDATI-A- [Par-shan-dat- PATH IUSIM — [Path-ru'-sim.3
thah,] revelatioln of co~i~orecd im2-   PARTIIPUSITI was the son of lizraim,
urities, of his trouble.         and the grandson of HIam. Gen. x: 14.
Pas another one of Haman's sons
who was killed in the slaughter by the PAUL —A zworlker.  Ifis formnetr name
Jews of their enemies in Shushan.          was Saul, a sepulcheqr, a dcestroyer.
Esther, ixs: 7.
PAIUL was the great apostle to the
PASHUR-[Pash'-ur,] that extends Gentiles.  HEe was of the tribe of
the hole, whiteness.              Benjamin and both his parents were
PAsiutU   w as the son of Immer. Hebrews.  H-1e was born in Tarsus, a
Jer. xx. It was about the beginning of' city of Cilicia., was by birth a citizen of
the reign  of Jehoiakim, that Jere- HPome. He asserted hisI Roman citizenniah predicted the desolation and de- ship at different times in his addresses.
struection of J u d a h  and J erusaleml. and  Clefences before his persecutors.
Pashur occupied a high position in the And he demanded the privileges that
temple, and pretended to be very jeal- belonged to lim as as a  oman citizen at
ous of the temple's honor.  Hle smote different times, when being persecuted
Jeremiah, and put him in the stocks and punished without law. Tt was on
that were in the high gate of Ben- the ground of his citizenship that lihe
jamin, on account ef his prophecy. appealed unto Cesar, and was sent to
The next day Pashur brought Jere- H[ome for trial.
miah out o f the stocks, w h e n the   His name previous to his conversion,
prophet told him that his name was to and for sometime after, was Saul, which
be changed from Pashur to Magor-nis- signifies';"a destroyer," very significant
sabi, and he gave hil  the reason of his conduct towards christian, prefeor the changing of the name.        viousto his conversion., for he persecuted:
He was to be sorely punished for his them to death.
abuse of the prophets. Jeremiah told   During his early life he enjoyed the
him that the word of the Lord concern- advantages of a thorough education,
ing him  was. "Behold I will make under the direction of Gamaliel, oneof
thee a terror to thyself and to all thy the most noted doctors or teachers of the
friends: and tie  y shall fall by the law of that age. "Brought upat the feet
sword of their enemies."  And further of Gamaliel, and taught according to the,
that he, himself, should see the cruel- most perfect manner of the law of the
ties that should be practised towards fathers."  He made great progress in:
them.  H e furthermore declared t o his studies, and was zealous in the ohhim  that Judah should be given into servance of the law as he learned it.
the hand of the king of Babylon, and HIe ws of the sect of the Pharisees.
he should carry her inhabitants away He calls himself "alPhalisee ofthePhariand slay them  with the sword.  The sees," by which we may unllderstand
strength of the city, and it's wealth and that his fauther and mother were of'
beauty, should be destroyed, its pre- that sect.  He was a faithful observer
cious things should be taken for spoil, of the law of Moses. And as a Pharand carried into Babylon. But that isee he thought it was his duty with all;
lhe, and all his family, should go into his might to oppose the religion of
24




PAU                 [373 0PAU
Christ Jesus, and persecute his follow- was instructed in the word of life, and
ers.  In the account we have in Acts informed more fully of the divine will.
vii, of the stoning to death of that His condition now was that of an
good man Stephen, we learn that Saul awakened and deeply-convicted sinner.
was present, and though he did not The divine spirit a-t ending the law had
take an active part, such as throwing the opened the eyes of his understanding,
lissiles of death at the dying martyr, aroused his moral fears,.and made tenyet he held the clothes of the young der his conscience.  Hie saw himself a
men who stoned him. He heartily con- condemned sinner, and was deeply pensented to Stephen's d e a t h, and the itent cefore God. IHe gives his experipersecution of christians, that followed ence at this point in the following lanimimediately  after the death of Stephen, guage: "Before the law came i[ was
was carried  on mainly by him we may a'live, but when the law came sin rejudge.  -le seems to be the principle vived and I died."  He had accounted
actor in the scone, the most noted of himself before this one of the best of
all the persecutors.  He entered the men; but now he was convinced of sin,
houses of christians, arresting mien and deeply convicted for sin, and his soul
women, and committing them to prison. was filled with a-nguish  and sorrow.
I-He even went into the sacred sanctu- He felt himself condemned to endless
aries or synagogues where christians ruin.  For three days he was wSithout
met, and took them  and caused them  sight, and did neither cat nor drink.
to be beaten and abused.  He procured   God appointed Ananias, a Christian
letters firol   the high priest authorizing minister, to go to him and administer
him to go to Dam;ascus and enter the spiritual comTorLt in his sorrow of heart.
synagogue and either compel christians At frst Ananias objected, for he had
to blaspheme the Savior, or go to Jeru- heard of this man as a noted persecutor
salem bound, to be punished.  iHe was and blasphliemer.  The preacher was
on his way to Damascus, bearing these afraid of iim, but God told him to go;
letters, when the Lord stopped him by for whatever he had Ieemn lefore be
his power, and convinced him of the was now  an carnest enquirer after
error of his way.  Acts ix.           truthl-'" behold he prayetl.'  Ananias
As he and his attendants were draw- was further infor. ted that this r an
ing nigh unto Damascus, all at once a had seen a vision, andc in the vision
great light shone among them, and had seen a moan of his niame coming
they were all terrified, for it was an Iunto him and putting his hands on him
unaccountable phenomenon, and they that hie might receive his sight. And
threw themselves on their faces on the yet still Ananias objected; but his obground in their fright. But there was jecticn  was removed by his being told
one in that company who was especialy that this man was a chosen vessel to
agitated, and that one was Saul; for lear the glad tidings of salvation to
in addition to the light he heard the the Gentile world, and that he who
voice of the Savior, saying unto him, had been so noted  as a persecutor
" Saul, Saul, wi h y persecutest thou should be a great sufferer for the cause
me?"  He trembled at the sound of of Christ.  Ananias then went to the
the voice of the nmajestic Jesus, and in place where he was, and entering into
his trembling asked, " Who art thou, the apartment, said, "Brother Saul,
Lord?'  The reply came baLck in the the Lord, even Jesus, that appeared
saine tone, "I alu Jesus whom thou unto thee in the way as thou camest,
persecutest."  Saul still trembling and bath sent me that. thou lightest reastonished, asked in humility, "Lord, ceive thy sight,."  It was but a few
what wilt thou have ine to do?" Jesus moment-s until Paul was a converted
told him, "Arise andl go into the city, man, and rejoiced in God his Savior.
and it shall be told thee what thou  -Ie at once took upon himself the
nmust do."  Ie arose at the command Christian name by submitting to holy
of Jesus and went into Damascus.  Hle baptism.
did not walk alone, for he had been   After fating during his conviction
struck blind-they who were with himl and penitence, now that the chains
led him  into the city, and into the thae  t   had bound him  were broken,
street called,Straight, and to the ho-use and the scales had fallen from  his
of Judas, where he remained until he eyes, and thle burden had rolled from




PAU                 [3T1]              PAU
his heart, he ate with the disciples it, they consented to his leaving them
and was strengthened; and he at once and going to Cesarea, or, rather, to,entered upon his high and holy call- Tarsus. They went with him as far
ing.  -Tie tarried awwhile with the as Cesarea, and sent him by ship to
orethren -at Damasclus; and to them, Tarsus in Cilicia, his native c ity.
in their synagogues, he first preached Acts, ix: 26-29; xxii: 17-2.1; 2d Cor.
-the word of life. HIe preached from  xi: 31-33; Gal. i: 15-21.
the b eg i n ning of his ministerial   It is worthy of remark that Paul
course with power and with the dem- preached first at Damascus, the -place
onstration of the Holy Spirit. The where.he had gone withletters of'pereople of Damascus were astonished secution.  Then  in Jerusalem, the
at the power with which he plreached, place where he had received his letand at the,unction and success that ters, and now in the providence of
attended him.  Hie confounded the:God, he is in Tarsus, Lis native city,
Jews, proving that Jesus is the very and in different parts of Cilicia, for'Christ. Acts, ix, Gal. i: 11-24; Acts, five years, he boldly preached the clocxxii: 1-16; xxvi: 9-11; Romans, vii: trines of the cross of:Christ.
8-13.                                   Barnabas was a pp o i n t e d by the
Many of the Jews about Damascus church at Jerusaleml to go to Antioch.
were converted and others of them, Under his ministry, there was a gloriin their madness, resolved to murder ous work of grace, and with earnest
hlim. They determined, if possible, exhortation, and wholesome teaching
to stoep the circulation of his aston- he established  the christians in the
ishing conversion, and his influence faith. Barniabas then went to Tarsus
-and work as a votary of this new re- to seek Saul, and fo u n d him  and
ligion.  They therefore watched the brought him to Antioch, to labor as:gates of the city night and day, to his colleague for that church, and for
prevent his escape, or to waylay and a year, together they went in and out
nurder him. But his friends among before the people with great acceptathe disciples learned this, and they let bility and usefulness. Acts x: 11-26.
lim down from a window of a house   This Antioch church raised a colbuilt on the wall of the city, and he lection for the poor saints at Jerusathereby made his escape in the night lemo, %and in Judea.  Their want was
and directed his steps toward JSrusa- occasioned by a dearth. Acts xi: 28.
lem. "H Ie assayed to join himself to Paul and Barnabas were appointed to
the disciples; but they were all afraid bear the contribution, and place it in
of him, and believed not that he was the hands of the elders of the church
a disciple."  It is supposed this was there. After they had accomplished
more tLhan two yeasrs after his conver- their mission at Jerusalem, they reioln, and lie desired to see Peter, who turned to Antiooch, and took with
had bleegun the great work of convert- them John, whose surname was M ark.
ing the G-entiles. This was the great They had not been long at Antioch,
work to which Le had been called. until certain lprophets, directed by the'
But Peter, wite h the other disciples, Holy Ghost, sent thein out to preach
hesitated to receive him, and would the gospel in other places. It is said,
not, until Barnabas had introduced "As they ministered to the Lord and
him and declared his wonderful con- fasted, the Holy Ghost said, separate
version. They thl n admitted himl  me Barnalbas and Paul, (or Saul) for
into their s o iety and confidence; the work whereunto I have called
and, as he had preached with power them.  And when they had fasted
in Damascus, soon he was proclaim- and prayed, they laid their hands on
ing the doctrines of the cross of them  and sent thlle m away."  The
Christ in Jerusalem.  IHe went in names of those prophets as given, are
and out before the disciples, develop- Sinmeon, Lucius and Manaen.
ing the Christian cha-racter. He dis-   Paul and Barnabas went to Seleuputed with the opposers of (Christian- cia, and from tlhat point sailed to Cyity, and confounded t hemi, till in prus, having John Mark with them.
Jerusalemi they went about to kill At Salamis, they entered into  the
him. When his brethren, the disci- Jewish synagogue and preached Christ.
les of the church at Jerusalem, saw  While they were preaching in  the




PAIl                [8372]              PAU
island of Cyprus, a certain magician, them was a lame man who was cured
whose name was B,,rjesus withstood at Lystra; he had been,lame from his
them; and while the deputy of the birth and had never walked.  This
island, Sergius Pa-ulus, desired to hear was a very remarkable miracle  and
the word of God from them, this bad astonished  the multitude insomueh
man tried to turn him iaway froim  the that the. people. of Lystra took them
faith, and as a punishment for this, for gods —they-said in the speech of
his wickedness, he was struck blind. Ly-caonia, " the gods have come down
Paul rebuked him for his wickedness to us in the likeness of men."  And
in a very cutting and severe manler: they called Barnabas,,Japiter;  and
"O full of subtilty, and all mischief, IPaul, iereurilus, because he was the'
thou child of the devil, thou enemy chief speaker.
of all righteousness, wilt thou not   The idolatrous people carried this.
cease to pervert the right ways of the Lmatter so far, that t.he priests of JuLord. And now behold the hand of piter brought oxen and garlands, and
the Lord is upon thee, and thou  hihat woauld have cone saeriiice unto them.
be blind, not seeing the cnn for a sea- but the. apostles prevented it —they
son," andcimmediatelyuponthe apostle       Irush-ed out into the mob and told.
making this declaration, a nlist gath- them they were but lmen like themered about the eyes of' the sorcereri selves, and they begged thenm to re —
and he submitted himself, as a blind frain  from   t h e s e dononstrations
man,. to the hand and will of a guide. towards them. They tarried here we
This demonstration of power fully suppose for some time, and taught
convinced the governor, and he  -c- and preachled; but at length there
came a convert to christimit7.       came sonme Jews fromi  Antioch and
From Cyprus tley went to Pai1,  Iconiuir  and stirred up this people
philia, where John left themi and against the-apostle, tie consequencee
went back probably to lis home and wisa _Paul was s to nd,  and they
to his mother in Jerusalem.  Paul drargged lhin out of the city aincl left
andc- Barnabas went on in their work,. him  for dead.  But his Christian
and' the next- place we hear oh i therm is friends gathered  about himu and 1inin Pisidia.  There they entered the iscte cred unto him and he-revived, and
Jewish synagogue on the  SabbathL tile next day went in comnpany with
dlay. The ruler of tlhe synagogue in- Barnabas to Derbe.  I-e preached.
vited then to give words of exhorta- there awhile and retuirned aga.in to
tion,. whereupon Paul after readcing Lystra, and to Iconiumnl and  nioch..
the' law delivered a long address in  n all thcse places where   the apostles
which he preached the doctrines of hadl been before they lalored, we are
the: cross of Christ.  And the next informed "confirming  the souls of
Sabbath day they went into the syn- the disciples and exhorting them  toagogLe again and the wholoe city came continue- in the faith, and that we
together to hear them.  The Jews must through much tribulation enterbecame jealous and envious at the heaven,"   They also preached in.
vast concourse of enutiles that came Perga and Attalia, and then returned
together, and broke out in opposition to Antioch, Syria, in the place where
to the apostles and their teachings-  they-labored so successfully togetherthey contradicted the apostles and at first, and there among -their bret;hrefused  a n y longer to hear them. ren who  sent theml  out, they reThey then turned to the Gentiles and hearsed. how great things the Lord
preached, and multitudes of theml  had wrought by theln in the places
believed.. The Jews then stirred np where they- had been, and they redevout and honorable women, and nmained a long tinie with the chulrch
chief mern of the city to. persecute the at Antioch..  Acts, xiv.
apostles; and_ they expelled them out   While they were- here, and serving.
of the coasts.. Acts, xiii.          the churches of Cilicia, there were
They went to, Iconium and in the certain persons who came from Judea,
synagogue there they-preached Jesus, pretending to be sent by the apostles,
and multitudes of Jews and Greeks who taught that circumcision, accord —
b e 1 i e v e d.  MIany miracles were ing to the law of MIoses was necessary
wrought by the alyostles here, among to salvation.  Paul and Barnabas dis



PAU                 [3;731                PAU
puted witll them, and an t length they came to Troas.  Here Paul hal the
agreed to refer the matter to a conilcil vision in which he heard the Mace-of the apostles at Jerusalenm.  They diornan cry:  "Come over and help
were sent as delelgates from the chu.rch US.us    He immediately determined to
at Antioch.  The apostles and elders go and preach the gospel in IMacemuet together, and Paul and Barnabas doia. From Troas he went to Philrehearsed in their presence their la- ippi, a chief city of that country by
bors and s         Icee sesi, and the mactter the way of Samothraecia and Neapolis,
-that was referred to the council was ancld near  Philippi, on the Sabblath.discussed, and finally it -was decided day, he went to a place of resort by
that the Gentilfe converts were  under the river side. EIe sSat down amongst
no special obligation to observe the those who  had resorted there ancd
ceremaonial law.  They declared that tatught them, and Lydia was eonverted
those teachers Mwho had hartasced the wih her famLily; and imany of her
churches of Cilicia were false teach- neighbors and friends also.  Lydia
ere, and that they gavTe theom  no such opened  her house, and  offerd its
comumandment as they-pretended, that hospitalities to the apostle while he
Gentile converts weie to be cireTuin- stayed there.  "And when she was
cised. Thi  council prepared a pas- baptized cnd a ler household, she betoral address, oir wrote a letter alnd souglt us saying: "If ye have judged
decree    to t1oe churches  of Antioch,  me to be faithf-l to the Lord, colee
Syria and Cilicia, aun  sent it by the and abide in my house?.
hands of Paul and  Barnabas;  and   TIere was a damnsel possessed with, a
they sent with the-;n Barsabaens and slilit of dliination, t-ht llowed the
Silas.  PRaul fad been cordially apostles about in their labors day after
greeted, ad his actions fully endorsed day, andc annoyed them and those who
by thleo apostles  iho were  t Jeb s-  a a  attended them.  Paul had compassion
leu.  They continued at A  ti oc1 h upon hei  and healed her. This occa-.aw7hie  ncl ant length Paul proposed sioned much dcisatiEctiionn witlh h e r
to Barnab-as that they shouldclgo and mlasters, and they proceeded a t once
visit the churches  thcy ohad iorlied in' avainst th e apostles. They dragged
different places. He readily agreed themn into the 1malrket place, and beibre
to it, but lie insisted oen having John their rulers, and brought their aceusaM3ark with himl. Paul was opposed tions  against them. The mnagistrates
to Mark soing with tlhe., I'for the rea- c axve judgment against theml, and after
so-n thiat he hlad let tihcim wheen they beating' them  th e y  cast them  into
were on the toun o f est1abliSin  the rson,   aucd made their fet fiast in the
churches.  The contenotion becnmie st'ocks,  But undaunted by persecution
so sharp that they parted assunder, and stripes and imprisonment, at mi-id
and [Bcrnabas took 3t]ark with himi night they prayed and sang praises to
and sailet  into Cyprus; and' Paul God. The prisoners heLrd them, an~
chose  Silas,  nl dwent through SFyria their shout of praise astonished themn.
and Cilicia eonrming the churches.   There was an earthquake that shook
Aets xv.                              the prison so furiously, that the bolts
Paul, a nd  Silas, his companion  flew back, and the doors opened, and
weunt to Derbe and Lystra. Here was the bonds of every prisoner'were loosed.
a young disciple, whose namile was The terrible shock awakened the jailer,
Timothy.   His mother was a Jewess, andcl springing from  his bel, ie was
but his iather was a Gieek.  I-e so- alarmed to see that every door was open
lected hin also as a companion, but and every prisoner was loose, and supbefore taking himi he caused himn to posing that all would makle their esacpe,
be circumcised, that lie mnight not be and lie would be suspected of unfaithobjectionable to the Jews. They then fulness, he was about to kill hinself
went on through the cities, delivering with his own sword, but the voice of
the decrees of the council at Jerusa- Paul fell upon his ear, saying, "]Do
lelo, and their labors were greatly thyself no harm, we are  all here."
blessed.  The churches were estab- The jailor then tremblingly besought
lislhed, and increased in n ub e r s the apostles to show him  the way of
daily.  They went through Phrygia life:  "What must I do to be saved?"
and the region of Galaia, and they Paul said to him, "Believe on the




PAU                  [374]               PAU
Lord Jesus Christ, and thou shalt be from which point he sent for Silas and'
saved."                                Timothy, and they immediately mnade.
The jailor did believe, and that night ready and went. But while Paul waited.
hle and his whole family, were con- for themn, his soul was stirred withiit
vertedl to God, and took on themselves him at the idolatry ef the city, and he
the christian name and character in could not forbear to lift up his voice
holy baptism.                          against their sin..  He went into the
The next day the magistrates whlo J.ewishl synagogues and disputed  with
halad condemnedl them ordered the jailor them.  He met the philosoplhers of the
to give them their liberty.  But Paul Stoics and Epicureans an c disputed
asserted his Romnan citizenship, and de- with them. They ibrought accusations
inanded t that the magistrates who had against him  a.ndl arralgned hima. before,
beaten them uncondemned should come the court of Areopagus. A great many
in person and dismiss them.  When pers-ons a tended hlis trial, and beLore
they heard that they were RRoman citi- them all he preached against their idolzens, they were aftrighted.   They then aitry, and proclainled the doctrine of'
came and besought them to go'free and the gospel, and especially the doctrines.
depart out of their city.  They accord- of the resurrection landC the judgment.
ingly departed from the prison, but not -is defense was masterly, and resultedl
at once 4from the city, for' they went to in the conversiion of' some., Dionysius
tli house of Lydia., and comfobrted the the A'.eopagite and a woman of somelll
disciples that resorted there. Acts, xvi. note named Daliaris dlave unto hinl
From  Philippi they went to Thessa- and blelieved.. Acts, xvii.
lonica.  Here, for three Sabbath days,   Silas and Tfilaothy cameC to Paul at
thie apostle preached the doctrines of Athens,. and, a:s it is thouglit, reportect
the gospel, "reasoned with them. out of to hinm the sufeoring of the christians,
the scriptures,' in the Jewish syna- especially at Thessaloniea,. which led
gogues. The consequence   was,. many the apostle to write the, Epistles to the
IJelieved,, and the jealous andc wilcked Thessalonians, and lie probably sent
AJews raised a moll. and assaulted the them by the hands of Silas and ThnIohouse of Jason, where Paul lodged. thy, and caused themn to return to comAs the mob did not find Paul and his fort, and encourage, them.  Paul then,
companions there, they arrested Jason, left Athens and went to Corinth, where
and: took him, before the magistrates, lhe preached with much success. He:
under the charge of harboring' rebels lodged in Corinth. at thle house  of'
against the eemperor and empire. But Aqcuila and Priscilla.  Every Sabbath.
he proved his loyalty, furnished secu- day he preached in the Jewish' synarity, and was dismissed.               gogues, and amuong those who were:
The persecution being so severe, the converted here were Stephanus and his.
elristians conducted PIiul and Sila's out  amily, Crispus and Gains. Paul conof the city that night., and the' next tinnued here one year and six months.,
day they went to Berea and began. there He hacd glorious success amid much.
to preach Jesus in the synagogues of opposition.  Silas and Timothy came
the JTvws..  The people of ]Berea were to him, and were with him in labor at
more noble than tlose._ of Thessalonica. Corinth part of the time. For solmeThey heard the apostles preach and reason Paul removed Ihis lodgings from
received  t h e i r words readily; an  the house of' Aquila t the house  of'
searched the scriptures' daily to corn- Justus. But the Jews were determinedcl
pare them with the teachings they re-.to rid themselves of Paul if possible.
ceived.  The  consequence was, very iThey  therefore accused him  beforemany believed, and among' thenm  were'Gallio, the deputy of Achiao.  They
many women and  men of note.  The chargoed Paul with being an enemy of
Jews who were so cruel and malicious the HPoman C:overnor, but Gallio gaveat Thessalonica, hearcl of their success the mob no encouragemnet, and he told
in Borea,. and they came there andc them hoe would not:e a judge for tlem
stirred up the people insomuch that a in such matters as they brought before''mob was raised there, and the brethren hIim, "and lie drave them  friom  the.
of Belea sent Paul away.  Silas and judcgma ent seat."
Timothy tarried a w h il e to instruct   They then took Sosthenes, the ruler'
the new converts. Paul went to Athens, Qf the synagogue, and beat him, prob-'




PAU                  [3751                PAiU
ably for letting Paul preach in the Paul's life, in 1st Cor. xv:32; 2d Cor.
synagogue, but of this Gallio took: no 1-8; an d vii: 5-6; xi: 23-28.
notice.  After some time Paul dce-   Paul then went to Rhodes, Pataxm
terainecd to go to Jerusalem, and be and Tyre, iraking at eacl  place a
there at the coming Pentecost season. short stay, when he went to Ptole1He went through Ephesus, Cesarea,  mais, and t h e n c e to Cesarea.  At
Antioch, and the churches of Galatia, Cesarea, he lodged at the house of
and Phrygia, and in the churches he Philip, the deacon, and while thlere,
strengthened the brethren.  Aquila he was visited byAgabus, the prophet
and Priscilla attended him  as  asr as from  Judea, who prophesied regardE ph e s us, and he left them  there. ing the bonds that a'waited Paul at
Acts, xviii.                           Jerusalem.  The friends of the aposThle account of his travels and la- tie tried to prevent him from going,
bors —his successes and persecutions. oer rather to d i s u a d e him, but he
is recorded in Acts, xix and xx. 1-e would not be stopped, for he was
performed several miracles at Ephe- ready to suffer imprisonment and even
ens, and by the laying on of his hands death, for the cause of his adorable
conferred the miraculous influence of master.
the Holy G-host -suh as the gift of   At length he reached Jerusalei
prophecy and the speaking of lan- and was received with cordiality by
guages.  Demuerius, a silver smith the church. James, the apostle, was
that mnade  sbhrines for the temple o- there, and Paul called on himn, and
Diaana, raised an uproar against Paul, the elders of the church  assembled
and brouqht on him a severe trial, and together at the house of James, )when
it is supposed that he wrote his epistle Plaul gave them an account of his lateo the Cailntilns from this place.    bors and travels.  -Ice acceded to the
Paul left Ephesus a-fter the uproar wishes of the brethren at Jerusalenl
was over, and went to M a c e d o n i a  to prepare himself, by purifying, to
probably to Philippi, and then. into enter the temple.  Seven days were
Grece, where he stayedl *dthree months. accomplished, and he came inito the
IHe clft Philippi and wont to Troas,  court of the temple with his offerfings
being five days on the route, and hC but scarcely led he entered C     before he
spe-nt seven days at Troai.  The last was arrested for polluting the temple,
day he spent there was the Sabbath, and they drew Mlini out of it ad shut
or first day f0 the week.  I e held a the doors, and they were about to kill
sacramlentL.al mnetlingo with them, and him,  but lie was rescued by Lysias,
lprepared the next day to leave theml. the chief captain of the IR o man
He continued the services that night Guardls.      e had observed the upuntil a ter mlidnight.  A  young main roar in tine to save Paul from being
who wvs in the conglrega tion had killed.  Tailng chargoe of Paul, Lyfallen asleep, ancd being seated in the si  hu17rried toward  the castle witlh
window of the upper- roonm where they him.  Paul asked very courteously'were assembled, hlie fell down and was of the captain the privilege of speaktaken up for dead. Paul by a rmira- ing a word. He granted it, when the
eCc restored him  to life. Paul tihen apostle told him  he was a Jew, and
p   CsuedI his journey.  1-oe stopped at born ini the famous city of Tarsus.
Tiiletus, and had a conference with  Lys:ias, hearing this, gave hiim lthe
thie elders of the church.  -He so-ke privilege of speaking.  I-He then reto them  of his trials and abuinLldant hearse-d his conversion and his man1 a b o r s, and of the trials thi1at yet ner of life since.
awaited himn, and he exhorted them       The Jews became very clamorous
to fidelity, then commended thlei to for his blood, especially when le deGod and the word of his grace.  They clared his mission to preach amuong
tlhen kneeled down together and after the Gentiles.  Lysias, in order partly
an earnest prayer from  the apostle, to appease the -wrath of the Jews,
duringwhich theywere cdeeply affected ordered Paul to be scourged. Just at
and wept so r ely, Paul and these this point he asserted his  ooman citielders pa rted to meet no more in time. zenshlip, which alarmed the centurio0n
There is, proba-bly, in a 1  u s i o n to iand led. Lysias to have him  loosed,
these circumstainces and t r i a 1 s, in and the next dcry he called a council




PAU                 [376]                PAU
of priests and elders to have Paul de- I would send him up to Jerusalem  for
liberately tried.  Acts, xxi.         trial.  Foestus was unwilling to do that,
As the council were gathered to- and bade them come to Cesarea.  They
gether the apostle appeared  before did so, but failed.  Festus then asled
then  and began his defence. Acts, Paul if he was willing to go up to Jexxiii.  Scarcely ha d he begun his rusalem and be tried.  He certified his
speech when Ananias, the high priest, unwillingness by appealing  to Nero.
gave ain order to smite him  on the His appeal was entertained, and he was
mouth.  He looked at him  and said: notified  that he should  be sent to
" God shall smite thee. fthou whited Rome.
wall, for sittest thou to judge me aft31  A little while after this Agrippa anci
the law, ancd commandest me to be his sister Bernice came to pay Festus a
smilben contrary to law."  This was a visiB. When Paul's case was reported
severe but merited r e b u k e. Paul to King Agrippa he desired to see him
thei piroc-eded with his d  fe n c e, nI  d hear for himself.  Paul was therevwhen the Phariseeo  allnd Sadducees fore b1oiUght before Agrippa and set
fellttol disputing, and Lysias dismiissed forth his conversion, his call to the
the council and ordered Paul back to mninistry, and his labor.  Both Festus
the castle. That night the perseeuteAd and Agrippa were touched by the aposapostle was faivored with a vision in tfe's presentation of his cause, and eswhlichl the Lord told him  tha.t le pecially the kling, for he said,'Almost
shoilld hbear testimony in Rome.      thou persuadcst me to be a Christian."
Therle was a plot, laid by the Jews, He gave it as his opinion that li he might
to hill hinm.  About forty of themn  have been set at liberty if lie had not
vowed they would neither eat n or appealed to Cesar, and his appeal been
drink until they had accomplished granted.  Acts, xxv and xxvi.
their purpose. Paul's sister's son re-   Not long after this, in company with
vealedl the plot, and the design of other prisoners he wtas put on board a
these murderers was thwarted.  The vessel bound to Rbomrn, under a guard.
chief captain sent hirm  bound and Julius, a centurion of Augustus' band,
guarded to Cesarea,to the governor, had all the prisoners in his charg'e.
Felix.                                Julius was very kind during tbhe voyage
Sonie time after this Ananias and to Paul.  They were affected by conothers of the Jewish rulers camne trary winds, but gained Lycia, when
down to Cesarea to prosecute Paul, they  oere put on board of an Alexanand they brounght with thenz  Tertul- drian vessel bound for Home.  ConIus, an orator, who accused the apes- trary iwinds, storms and disagreeable
tle as a disturber of the peace and a weather came on them  so that they
wicked profaner of the temple.  Paul traveled slowly; but at length a terinwas poermitted to answer to the aecu- 1bl  storm  canie up, and they were
stions, which  he did in a defence driven into a small island called Clauda.
1before Felix.                        They took down the sails, and cast out
The governor dismissed the trial for the  tacklling. For several days they
that day, aind promised to bringl it up saw neither sun nor stars, the storm
againl when he could have Lysias, the continuing; and all on board except
chief captain, present, who had sent Paul were discouraged, and thought
Min.  Felix conlmanded the centurion all was lost.  He was advised by an
who had charge of Paul to let hinl  angel of God that the lives of all should
have liberty, and let his friends and be saved, thou'gh the vessel might be
acquaintances come to see him  and aln  utter wreck.  On the fourteenth
minister unto himi. Felix, and ]Dru- nig'ht they drew nigh to an island, cast
sila his wife, sent for Paul and heard out their anchors and anxiously waited
lhim  reason of righteousness, temper- for daylight. There were two hundred
ance, and judgment to comiie, and it is and seventy-six souls, and so far none
said, FPelix trembled. He kept Paul yet had been lost. They weighed anchor.as a prisoner.                       and tried to make the land, but the
Whien Foetus entered on his govern- vessel struck a rock and broke in two.
lenti the apostle had been a prisoner The centurion ordered those whlo could
two years.  The Sewish rulers accused swim to throw themselves into the sea
])aul to him, and requested that he and swim to shore, and those who could




PAU                  [3T7]                 PAU
not, clung to,broken pieces of plank we cannot certainly tell.  But during
and made theiri way  to the shore, so these two years, he madie    many conthat evey one of them  cscapedl-not verts, and amlong thlem some of Cesar's
one life was lost.  The inhabitants of own household. He had many friends,
tile island shlowed them great kindnless, who, -when they came to Rome minisfor they kindled a fire and warmied teredL unto him, such was Onesiphorals,
theml  after their exposure to tlle cold who sought him out. Onesimus, Phileand storm, and rainl and sea.  A Ven- ilon's, iuniw    y slave, was converted,
omnous serpent came out- of a bundle of and iwas very useful to the apostle. 1He
sticks that had b1e-n cast on the fire wrote his epistle to Philemon, and sent
and fastened on PIaul's han3d. The asu- it by Onesirus.  Epaphrodlitus came
perstitious i n h a b i t a i t s of Melita froml the Philippian church to him, and
thought that circumrlstance  was an brought with him to Paul money and
evidence of Paul's q Uil It, and they presents fi'om the brethren at Philippi.
looked every moment flor hihn to dio; About this thile,Demas forsook him,
but instead of that lhe shook the viper an-.d he wrote his Epistle to tho Philipoff and realized no harinm.  Then they pl::ms. Hle aludes to tohel fall of Demras
changed their minds and said hloe was a overicome wvith thie woric  in Col. iv:
god.  EIe cuared many disease- of the 14,  2d Tim. iv: 10.  lie sent the
people of the island, and amlong them  oe3istle by Epaphroditus on his return.
the ftather of'Publius of a dangerous The epistle to thie C —alatians, he sent by
diseLas.                                CresOens, anc that to thle  phesians, by
They  tarried  at the  sltiand  three Tyclhicus.  T-le also wrote his second
months, wheo in a ship of Alexandria, LEpistle to Timothy about this time,  and
which had wintrecl Iintilha Island, they in it desires hlm to come to t3ome. He
delpated  for Rlome, and landing  at did go and vwL; imprisoned there, it is
Puteoli they tarried seven days, duringp thought, anld was aftcerwards liberated.
lwhich timne P|ul asscciatcl wvith the When -    al  wrote his Epistle to tlle
brethren whom le fiund thlie w  nther   h e wcrh ws, TimijYew-,  liotdhy was the one in whose
set out for Plome. The boethlen had chl.':o Paunl placed it.
learned that he w-as coming', and many   Paul knew  ful we l that his end
of them came to aieet hiin as fri as the wasL apparoaching, for Vwhic l he wrote
"'Three Taverns.    Het was greatly en- his second epid:stle to Timothy, he was
couraged by their d3m.onstataions of aware'that Nero was g  reatly enraged
christilml  e`owsIip anii feeling,  lie a  bi,   and cle ecxpetecd     a violent
thanIred  God  m nd  took  Courago." death by his hands. he'Ti.-o te "I
Julius whlo e  d hai had  iiri in cl arge, am lno    1reaty to  e offoered iup, and
handed hil oave,  or delivered him  to the tn-ole of micy depar-tu re is ait hand.
the captanl of the gauacd, where for two  I have fought a good fight,  I have
full years lie was pr'il- te J to live in finilhec1d my course, i have kept -the
his own hired house with the s oldiers   ith1, henceorth there is laici up for
that;eIlt him, and all that time  e he:n  a crown of life," etc.   t seenms
preachled the gospel to thseo who1 carme whlen he was first tried before Nero
to hear  hims h friends all. forsook him, for he
Those who hlad brought the aecusation says " all men forsook lle."  At his
against him bin l Jeruslm1n did not follow  seconai trial he was condemned and
him  up and ipersnute  him  at Rome. put uto some violent death, but exactly
IHe then sent l'bo  tihe principal Jews of how  he  suffered  death we do not
tomoe and laid tis case before  thlen. know.
They told hlim  trhat it hadc not been    The epistles of Paul are  highly
re.)pesented to thein by their brethren commended by Peter, "even as our
of Julea.  IHe hald ocasion as he th-us beloved brother Paul also according
represented the case, to preach to themn to the wisdom  given unto him  hath
the doctrines of the cross, and he didcl written unto you, as also in all his
it with a good degree of success.  Acts epistles," etc. 2c Peter, iii: 15.
xxvi, xxvii.                              Ile has beencalled the great apostle
Whether he was released after two to the Gentiles, because God selected
years imprisonment and went back into hi'm  as a chosen vessel to bear the
the countries where he had formlerly glad tidings of salvation to the Genpreached, and then returned to Romee tile world, and he confined his minis



PAU                  [378]                PzE
try mainly to theml.  The treasure of PEDATAHl,   2 -- edenltiot  o  of the
a mellsmue of the gospel was corn-          Lord.
m1itred unto him  anid he used it, giv-   The broth er ox Shealtiel and uncle
ing God the glory due unto hin.  H-Ie of Zerubbtabci. 1st Chron. iii: 18.
ldid  ofot preacnh himself but Christ
Jesus tihe ALo d, andc of his qualifica- PEDAIA. 1,'13 ] —?cledptqva,   of t7he
tio ls I e:: yr, "  or FO   Gocd who cor-  Lor c.
m;,nded  tIe:L  libght to shine out of   Wa~s the son of Parosh, who assisted
rLiknile,   lhatlh  LineCd into our hearts Neellemilah in  building the wvalls of the
to gsive the l.o,1ith of the knowledge of city.  Nch. ii: 2o.
the glory  of  -od in the face of Jesus
Christ."                                PEDAIAI, 4-Rederqonpt            om f the
P  1 ul had a large degree of spiritu-    Lord.
ality-occupied a high,state in grace.   One of those who stood at Ezra's
lIe says, "I am crucified with Christ. leoft hand when he read the law to the
I live, yet not I but  Christ liveth in people.
ane; and the life which I now live in
the flesh, I live by thle fitlh of the PED ALAH, 5, -c Rxedinplozro  of the
3on of God. And auial he says,  God         Loord.
forbid that I s3hould glory save in the    The father of Joel, a prince of' the
croes' of our Lord Jesus Christ, by half tribe of t'/anasseh in the time of
whom  the world is crucified to me David. 1st Chronl xxvii: 20.
and i jLto the world."  He Twas bold
end lardent in his tCemperament beforCe PEfKA-:-[Po'-lckah,] 7he that o-pns, or
his conversion, and so he ias af-ter.       is t t, iberty.
ie was as noted   a s  a  reacher as he   PEIEA-n was the son of liemalialh.
had been as a persecutor. The prin- He was a general of t he king of Israel's
ciples of firmness,  stability, decision ar;uy.  2d Kings, xv: 25.  He conof character weroe very marked in  is spi red  against Pekaiah, the king and
whole ministerial life.  -lio s t ooc,d    v him  in the palace, in Samaria,
firm  at his l ost untilt his weork was having as his helpers, Argob and
done - when he exchlangod   earth for Aieh, wvih fifty Gileadites.  He then
heaven; the sorrow and trials of life usurped  authority and reigned as king
for the res- and enjoyments of that in the stead of Pekaiah, and the length
pure clime where the wicked cease of his reign was twenty years.  He was
fro-i  troubling, arnd the wearied soul a wickeld king, and his history and
is forever at ret.                      reign, were disgraced w ith many sins.
Pekah entered into a league with
PEDAHI-EL —[Ped'-a-hlel. ]              Iezirn, tho kiSng of Syria, to vex and
cdest ov Judah aned the house of David.
The son of Ammilnhud, of the tribe They  ntended to conquer Judah, and
of Naphtetli, was one of the princes malcle it tri'butalry to them, setting up a
that assisted Joshua and Eleazar in  icing of t:heair own selection.  Isa. vi:
dividing the land of Canaan animoug  1-7.
the trib-es of Israel.  Num. xxxiv: 28.    V e have an account in 2d Chronicles,
sxsiii: 6-10, of PIkah's war with JiaP3EPAIIff~ZPR-[Ped-ah'zur,] SCtavior, dab, in wlich lie slew one hundred and1
s-tong czcd p)owerful, stonie of re- twenty thousand, and toook two hu-dred
cdemp-t]~,iom.                     thousand captives, or prisoners.    ciut
Was of the tribe of Mbanasseh, atnd lhe was induced by Odecl, the prophet,
the father of'lamaliel, the prince, who to return the prisoners to their own
assisted Moses in numbering the tribes hand, clothin: and fieding them out of
of Israel.  Num. i: 10.                 the spoils hehIad taken, and with great
humanity he conveyed the feeble ones,
P E D A I A 1, 1-[Ped-a'-yah,   ] re- on asses, to Judea.
dernp-tiomo of the Lord.             At length Tiglath-Pileser, the king
of Assyria, warred with Pekash,  the
The father of Zebudah, and grand- king of Israel, and he took several
father of Jehoiakim,  2d Kings cities and carried the inhabitants capxxiii: 3"D.                             tive to Assyria, an d finaly Hloshea




PERE                [3791                PEN
murdered Pekah, and reigned in his nations."  There is an allusion to the
stead. 2d Kings,. xv: 26-30.          confoundindg of languages, a n d t he
dispersion which took place on acPEKAITAH — [Pek —ahlli-ah,] it'is the count of it in the days of Peleg.  The
Lordc t7hat olpes.               1building of Babel may have occurred
PE, KAHITIH Lceanme  the king of Israel some time after his birth, and his fain the fiftieth year of Azariah the king ther may hafie  divin hinm the name
of Judah.  1-e was the son of Mina- which signifies dcivision, under thl7e
hem, and reigned but two years in Sa- spirit of prophecy.  And, indeed, it is
11mar1aU.  "And he did that which was aunderstood that tihe event d'dc  nat
evil in the sight of the Lord: he de- transpire unitil just before pIclc;'
partedc1 not from the sins of- JeroTboa?,   death, Tywheich was probably -nmore thvn
the son of Nebat, who made Israel to two hunLcced  years l ater, for hie ws
sin."  2Id Kings, xv: 24. He was thirty years old when'Lieua hlis son
slain bJy Pekah, the son of PRemaliab, was born, and lived after that two
who had fifty-two others associated with hundred and nine years. G e -e   s  S
him  in the murder, when lie ascended ni: 18, 19.
the throne and reigcned in the steadl f   He was thle slme as Pthalc,   whom
Pekahiab.                             Luke places bn the genealogy of Christ.
Luke ii: 35.
PELATI H-1 - [rel-atti-ah,] let tlhe
Lordc cdel[ver.                   PENI[NNA  — [Pe-nin'-nah,,] preciows
PELATIAI1 was the son of Benaiah.       stone, NIisface.
The propllet Jeremialh urged Zedekiah   PENINNATI was one of the wives of
to go out and submit hiimself to the Elkanab, who was a Levite of  t,.
mercy of Nebuchadnezzar, who was be- Ephraim, at the time that 3Eli was high
sieging the city of Jerusalem. Paila- priest and the center of wor: ihip was aot
tiah, it is supp  od, dissuaded the king Shiloh, because the ark of God was
from  doing so, and  as a piunishment there. Hannah was also a wife of this
died. IWe have also a clear account Levite, and was reatly loved by him —
of his sin and death in Ezek. xi  1-13, loved beyond whal1t Peninnah was loved
fro1m swhich  it aippears  that whein  -Iand yet thei latter hald children, while
Ezekiel cname to the cast gate of the the former had none.
Lord's house to prophesy, lie saw    They were aencustomied, as the wives
Jaazanialh and Pelatinh, with twenty- of this devoted Lsvite. to go with him
three other men, and the Lord told every year to worship in Shiloh, and le
him that these nen hlad given wicked igave them a portion to offer unto tlhe
counsel in the city uand that they should Lord.  1st San. i: 4.  "And Awen
be punished for it; and  h1ile he was the time was that Elkanah offered, he
prop hesying, Pelatiah fell suddenly,gave to Peninnah his wife, and to all
dead.  Wahether his companion, the her sons and  daughters, portions."
other prince, died thus suddenly or not, Peninnah seems to have been jealous
wo cannot tell.                       of the other wife of Elkanab.  She
saw that her husband mnade Hannah
PELEG-[Pc'-legc1] d/r.siom            his favorite, notwithstanding she had
PELEG was the son of Eber and the no children.  And her jealousy led her
brother of Joktan.  In connection to become an adversary to Hannah,
with the annnouncemlent of his birth, and to provoke her sore because she
it is said, "or in his days was the had no children. Peninnah certainly
earth divided."  Go-en. x: 25.  His did wrong in constantly trying to irribirth is supposed to have been about tatoe and vex Hannah, and so make her
one hundred years after the flood, unhappy. But she did wrong especially
which was probably the time when to take the opportunity of vexing her
the earth was divided among the sons when they'were going to the annual
of Noah. In the 5th verse of the feast to sacrifice unto the Lord. If
chapter there is a reference to this she would provoke her, ought she not
division, when it is said: " By these to have selected some other time than
were the isles of the Gentiles divided when making their yearly visits to
in their lands; every one after his Shiloh, thereby disturbing the solemn
tongue, after their families in their sewvices of the religious feast.  But




PE1tR                [380]                 PET
there was a circumstance  connected name to Cephas, and they splent the
with Elkanah's treatment of the two night together.
wives that was groundwork  for the   About a year after that Peter and
tcemptation.  That was, when he gave Andrew, with the two sons of Zebedee,
1Peninnah and her sons and daughters were engaged in fishing on the sea of
each a portion to sacrifice, "unto Han- Galilee. They had spenta whole night
nah lie gave a worthy portion, for hle in fruitless toil and given it up; preloved Hannah."  In whatever Han- paratory to puttiag away their nets
nah's portion differed from the others, they were washing theml.  Jesus calme
it was intended as a special exhibit and to theml and aslied for the use of their
proof of especial love to her.        fishing boats to sit in while he taught
Possibly, had Elkanaha  been more the people on the shore.  They granted
careful in Fhis expressions of stronger his request, and after Jesus had finlove for Hamnnah  than for Peninnah, ished his teaching lie bade them push
the latter would  not have had the out friom  the shore and cast their net
jealousy she had, and hence woulcld not into the sea for a draught. They had
have beDcome the open adversary of the been fishing without success, but yet
other wife.                            they made no objection.  They f'ollowed his instructions and cast the net,
P ERStS —[Pe0r'-sis.j                  and it was soon filled with great fishes
PEnsis is supposed- to have been a -such a draw as they had never made
very laborious alnd efficient female in before, and yet the net wa-s not brtoken.
the ehurh ll, aluted byv Paul in closing Peter was greatly astonished at the
up his elpistle to the IRomans. Plom. nuinber of fish taken, and, turning to
xvi: 12.     Salute the beloved Persis, Jesus, hle entreated him to depart fiomn
which laborecl  much in the Lord." him, for lie was too holy to stay in the
We would suppose that she was the company of one so sinful and polluted
niost noted for efficient labor of the as he was. Jesus did not depart from
three women saluted in that verse. Of hil as requested, but on the contrary,
the other two it is said they labored itn called Peter, with his 1b-rother Andrew,
the Lord, but of Persis, she labored and Jamlies and John, the sons of Zeb.
mucl in the Lord. Thus we lmay sup- edee, to be his disciples.  Lulke, v:
pose she ectelled as a holy woman.    1-11.
In the a ccount given of his call to
PETER -[Pe'-ter,  a roc, ca stone.   follow Christ, in Miatt. iv: 19, Jesus
said unto them, "Follow me and I will,PETER VWS a, native of Bethlsaida, make you fishers- oL'f m:len.'  Peter andC
tlhe son of Jonts and the brother of his brother were the two first called,
Andrew.  His first namne was Simon, and so they were the two first of the
which continued to be used as his name apostles sent forth, and it is quite likely
even by Christ and his apostles, after that they were the twio oldest of  the
his name was changed to Cephas, or apostles. They are the first ones named
Pleter.  John, i: 40-42.  lie was a in the account and number of the apesmarried man and lived at Capernaunm, ties. Luke, vi: 14; lMatt. x: 2.
being engaged in the occupation of a   Peter was bold and a-rden  in his
fisherman.  One of the first miracles temperament - more forward t h an
thilat Christ performled at Capernaurm, any of the apostles, and he often apwnliclh became his place of residence, or pears as spokesman for them', because
is called'" his own city," was that of of his natural ardor, he was exceedcurin g Peter's wife's mother of a fever. ing'ly liable to rashness.  There are
Mark, i: 29.                           several circumstances related in the
After Andrew formed acquaintance  history of Clhrist as given by the
with Jesus, and was convinced thlat lie Evangelists, setting this forth.  We
was the promised Messiah, he went in have an account in IMlatt. xvi: 22 of
search of Sinmon and found him, and Peter daring to rebuke Jesus.  1- e
invited him to go and see Jesus. IHe had told his disciples that lie must go
said, " We have found the Mlessiah, to Jerusalem  and suffer much from
which is, hbeing interpreted, the Christ." his enemies, and be killed, and the
Andrew  brought him  to Jesus; and third day rise again from the dead,
when Jesus saw him  he changed his " Then Peter took hiim and began to




PET                 [38]                 PET
rebuke him saying, Be it far from thee shall be loosed in heaven." Mlatt. xvi:
Lord, thi.s shall not be unto thee." 13, &c.
This was probably the first timie that   A  short time after this, Peter, il
Jesus had spoken plainly of his corn- collpay with  James and John, went
ing suffering and death. 3Peter in his up with Jesus on the mlount of'ITmasardlent love said, "' It shall onever be fig'uration,  and they beheld toethler
as thou hast said."   This led Jesus the divine glory, as it gathered about
very sharply to rebu.ke Pet'er, " Get the person of Jesus; and they saw the
thee behind ime Satan; thou art an two shining ones that represented the
offence unto me, for thou savorest patriarchal and prophetical dispensanot the things that be of God, but tions —lioscs  and Elias.  Peter knew
those that be of nein."  WThen Jesus the heavenly visitants,  ind said unto
came to the disciples on the sea of Jesus, " Lord, it is good for us to be
Galilee and Peter saw him  coming, here.  Let us make three tabernacles,
on the water, as soon as lie was satis- one for thee, and one for iMioses, and
fied  that it was Jesus, lie asked him  one for Elias."  Matt. xvii: 1-4.
if he might come to neet him. IHe   As Peter's home was at Capernmaum,
saw his master walking on the water and that was the home of Jesus, too,
and conceived the idea that he too they were bo3th enrolled as residents,
could walk on it.  Jesus bade him  and hence were liable for tribute.  The
comue, but scarcely had  his fee  tax-collectors asked Peter if his master
touched the water until lie felt that paid tribute.  Jesus knowing that the
lie was sinking.  His faith faile  him, question had been asked him, bade
lie felt that lie was silnking and cried, him go and cast a line into the sea and
saying, "Lord  cavre mle."  Christ open the Inouth of the first fish he
put forth his hand and saved him, but caught, and he should find a piece of
rebuked him  for his lack of faith. money with which (it being of sufficient
3att. xiv: 28, etc.                   value) he should pay tribute for them
Jesus asked his disciples at one time both.  3Matt. xxvii: 24, &e,
if they would leave h im, as many   At one time Jesus was discoursing,
others had clone, " for many of his dis- probably to his disciples, on the duty
ciples went back and walked no more of forgivinlg in juries when forgiveness
with him. "  Peter answered for them  was sought..Peter desired some furall, "Lord, to wbhom shall we go? thou ther instruction, and asked, " f'f my
hast the words of eternal life."  John, brother sin seven times shall I forgive
vTi: 67.                              hiln?"  Jesus told him he should, and
At one time Christ was with his dis- even more than that-seventy times
ciples at Cesarea Philippi, and askedl seven, or four hundred  and ninety
them, " Whom do men say that I, the times. The true meaning of the Savior
Son of Mian, aml?"  They told hinl was, he should forgive just as often as
that some said he was John the Bab- necessary-as often as forgiveness was
tist, some said he was Dlias, and others properly sought. Tiatt. xviii: 21.
Jeremias, or some one of the prophets;   When the Savior was imparthin   inbut turning to P c t c r, Jesus said, struetion regarding the deceitfulness of'"Whom   say ye that I am?"  H-ge riches and the ciangel to whlieh rich
promptly answered, "Thou  art the men were exposed, —having the case
Christ, the son of the living God." of the young man who refused to sell
Jesus pronounced a blessing upon him, what lie had and distribute to the poor
and assured him. that through his in- before him, —he sid, " A  rich man
strumentality the church should be shall hardly enter iuto the kingdoml of
built upon the truth lie had thus con- heaven. "  jAncd in order more fully to
fessed, andt that "the gates of hell impress their minds with the danger of
should not prevail against it."   He riches, he said, "It is easier for a
told Peter that he and his brother camcel to go through the eye of a needle
apostles, and their successors in the than for a rich man to cunter into the
ministry, should have the power vested kingdom of God."' The disciple s were
in them of founding and governing the all amazed, and Peter returned to ask
church.  "W hatsoever ye shall bind whlat would be their (the disciples') reon earth, shall be bound in HI-eaven, ward, having left all to follow him. 1le
and whatsoever ye shall loose on earth told Peter that if they were faithful




PET                 [3821               PET
they should gain much-they should Jesus would lead him  to prison and
receive a hundred fold in this world, to death.  " Though I die with thee,
and in the end everlasting life. Matt. yet I will not deny thee."  Jesus anxix: 23, &c.                          swered hhil that the cock shlould not
A  little while before our Savior's crow until he shoul1d deny hlim
passion he cursed a barren fig-tree, and thrice. John, xiii: 336  M a t t h e w,
in a short time it withered away. Peter xxvi: 31; Luke, xxii: 31-34. Shortly
pointed it out to his master. and re- after this, Jesus retired to the garden
ferred to the curse he had pronounced of Gre th s e m an c, and he took with
upon it because there was no fruit hinl there Peter and James and John
thereon. Mark, xi: 11, &c. And still Just as he had entered the garden he
a little later, Jesus gave his disciples a said to the three discipes, " Stay ye
striking lesson on the virtue of humil- here, and I will go yonder and pray."
ity, in washing the disciples' feet. Je- It-was but a little while till they all
sus took a towel and girded himself, fell asleep.  Jesus waked them  up
poured water into a basin, and began after each of the three prayers he 1aPS
the service. When he came to Simon offered up to the father in his agony,
Peter he refused to allow Jesus to wash with the affectionate question, "What.!
his feet, nor would lhe yield until Jesus could ye not w a t e h with mie one
told him he could have no part in him  hour? "  HIe knew full well that they
unless he submitted.  Peter then said, were willing, but were overcome wit i
" Lord, not my feet only, but my hands sleep. IHe kindly said to them, "the
and my head."  John, xiii: 1, &e.     spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is
Either at this time, or very shortly weak."  It was not long after he
after, Jesus indicated clearly that one awoke them  th.e last time, until Juof tlhem would betray him. They were das, heading a mob, entered Gethsemvery anxious to know which one it was, ane, and approached the companyfor they each enquired, "Lord, is it with the kiss of a hypocrite he desigI?'  Peter was especially anxious to nated Jesus, and the band seized him.
know, and he beckoned to John, thc Peter, true to the purpose he had
beloved disciple, who was then leaning formed, and a little while before exon Jesus's breast, to ask him. John pressed, determined to de fen d his
did ask him, and the traitor was master. He took out his sword and
pointed out. John, xiii: 25.          cut off the ear of Malehus the serOn Thursday before Christ's cruci- vant of the high priest.  Jesus refixion, Peter and John, under the di- buked him for the rash act, and bade
rection of Jesus, went into the city to him put up his sword. IEe gave Peprepare the Passover, that he wnight ter to understand that lhe needed no
eat with them once more, and institute defense of that kind, nor was his rethe sacred supper.  He gave all the  lioion to be propogated by the sword.
necessary directions, anad they foliowing "They that take the s w o r d shall
them, soon had an upper chauber pro- perish by the sword.;' As the band
vided and prepared; and soon after led Joesus away, Pcter followed at a
Jesus and his disciples met there, and distance.  He went on to Caiphas,
he gave thlem  the emblems of his thle high priest, land by some means,
broken body, and shed blood. Luke, gained an entrance into the hall, and
xxii: 8-20.                           mixed up with the servants till lie
Soon after the sacred supper was should learn the result of the investiended, Jesus referred to the fact again gation.  A  danmsel approached him,
that one of them would betray him. and  asked him  if lie was not wit-h
Peter, with his accustomed ardor and Jesus, of Galilee.  He said he was
rashness,  declared that t ho u g   all not. He passed out into the porch,
others prove recreant to the master, and another maid saw him, and acyet lie would not. Jesus told him in cusecd him of being one of the discian affectionate nanner, that Satan de- ples of Jesus.  He again clenied it,
sired to have hliim that he might sift aand confirmec-d his denial with an oath,
him as wheat, but that lie had prayed d e c 1 a r i n g he knew not the inan.
for himi that his faith might not After awhile, one of the company aputterly fail. Peter felt very confident proached him, and affirmed that he
that lie could stand-that his love for was pos'iively a disciple of Jesus




PET                 [383]               PEr
Several others of the company said then directed them to cast the net on
that they were confident he was. His the riglt side of the shill; they did
speech betraved him, and finallyaLins- so, and they were not able to draw it
man of lMalchus, whose car he had for the multitude of fishes.  The circut off, one who probably saw his aet cumestanee, it is likely, strongly reand helard the rebuke of Jesus when minded John and Peter of their call
he bade ohiln  put up his sw o r d, to the ministry, for it was just aLCer a
said to Peter, "Did I not see thee in mi raculous draught of fish.  John
the garden?"                          suggested  to Peter that it was the
At this Peter lbeame furious and Loird. Peter at once girtl his isher's
cursed, and swore that he knew not coat about hlo m and swaLLm to the shore;
the man. Just then the cock crew, all anxiety to be near hinm in haste.
and he rememlnbered  the words of Soon the edisip4es all gathlered about
Jesus, "before the cock crow, thou Jesus, and they ate together of the
shalt deny me thrice."  His con- fish whieh they hlad caught.  After
science smote him f-or his wickedness, they had dined, Jesus asked Peter,
and to add to the bitterness of his who by this tire w(as fully satisfied it
soul Jes-us looked on him. That grae was the  Sai or:  "Simon, Son of
seemed to penetrate his inner hcare, Jonas, lovest thou ioC."  This qucoesand show hiln his treachery and wick - i  tion wl as asked him t-hreee tiumes, proedness. I1c with drew from the crowd, bably to remind him of his h aving deand sought a place to weep.  HIis nied hi  thrlle tiree t.s.  Te answ-esed
hleat was oveTr balanced with Corrow, promptly,   bu the third time very zigand he wept bitterly.   M!Tatt. xxvi; nifineantly, "Lord, thou   nowest all1
John xvii.  Tougho   eterthus dclenied tilings; thou kLnoawst that I l1 ove
his Lordl, yet be repented.  -is sin thee.   Jesus then informed Pleter
was sudden; hbs contrition was Cdeep tha1t evere  trials av'ited hli in the
atd genuine. He still thought well future. He told him that he would
of his master, and his anxieties and be calhled tio enC eC 0bonds, impfisonfe-lings chtlstered about the  tomb meats, and even c   atrh for his sake.
where hEc ay. On the morning of the He did not shrink fromn the task be
Resurrection,  Peter and John heard fore him, but mnif-ested aJ wiFe- eSS
by thoe women who went early to the to have hois fith thus tes tel.  But
sepulcher that the body was gone, and fixing his eyes on Johnl, he asked
they rn to the se p u l c her to see. "Lord, and wimat  iall this man do.';
They found 1t as tlhe women had said. He wischedl to  know E omet>11hing as to
The body was gone, but the grave- the future ocourse and fate of the beclothes were there. Peter made an loved disciple. John xxi; and Iulirk
examiznation,  and full of Corrow and xvi: 7, &c. He was present at Oivet
perplexity the two went back to the on the asscension morning, and was
city and reported to thc rest what they one of the gaing Galileanus addressed
had seen.  The c     o iZ   n had  been by the angels.
charged espe-ially to tell Pteter that   It was but a litt!e while after the asChrist was ri`sen iron the decad. But cension that P-oter pr-oposed to the disnot long after this Jesus appeared to ciples to have tihe place of Judas filled.
Peter hmself, for when  the two disci- Accordigly 2ftatthias was chosen, after
ples r e tu  ne cd frou Emnrmaus, they earnest prayer to God to direct, and setfound the disciples gathered together tle for them t he question, as they cast
and saying: " The Lord hath risen lots. A few days after this, the Penteindeed, and hath ap pea red unto cost came-on, and Peter and his fellow
Simon."  Soon after this Cnrist ap- apostles were endowed with "power
peatred unto all the disciples tog ether from  on high."  They received the
in Jerusalenm.  LuLe xxiv: o4; and Holy Ghost, the promise of the father,
Ist Cor. xv: 5.  When Peter and to qualify them  for t h e i r imission.
some other of the apostles were fish- Tlhere was a v a st, concourse o f Jews
ing on the Sea of Galilee, Jesus ap- gathered in, fronm the different parts of
peared to thenm on the shore. They the enmpire, and Peter spoke to them as
kad fished all night and caught noth- did his brethren in their own language.
ing. He asked them: "H ave ye any   The other apostles -ay have preached
meat?"  T he y answered, no.  He as did Peter, but the Pentecost ser



PET                 [384]                PET
nmen, as recorded, is awarded to him. tary contributions, constitutring a chl ch
IHe defended his brethren and the exci- treasury, "distribution was nucce unto
ted and happ:c mlititude, and preached every m.an according as he had need."
with] power, teC doctrines of the cross Acts, iii, and iv.
of Christ. A great many received the   Among those who sold their possesword, believed in Christ, an d were sion and placed the proceeds in this
a-dded to the Lorid.  Three hundred treasury, was Anamnias and 1fis wife
thousnmud that day took upon them  the Sapphira.  At least they pretended to
name and character, in baptism.  Acts, have so done, but sciretly agreed toi, and ii.                            gether, to keep [ac*k a part of the
A rm-emarkable case of healing is next price. Peter dis-erned thcir d ecrption
recorded in the history of Peter.  He and wickedness, challged it upon them,
anc. John were going up together-to the and they both fbil dead at his feet.
temple, at thc holr of lprayer, a poor Peter no doubt impnroved this olemon
man weae s itting there, who had been a circumstance by p'lea'cfino Jestus to the
cripple friom  his birth, and he asked lpsoplle andl many of them  believed on
alnms cf them. Peter said unto him, him. Then the f  Ihi priests and S a1d-'Silv-er and gocl have I none, but such ducees laid hands on Peter and his
as I have give I unto thee.  In the brothler apost!es, and cast them  into
nalme of Jesus Christ, of Nazareth, prison.  "But hihe angel of the Lord
rise up and walk."  The man was at by night opened the prison doors and
once cre-cl, and went with themi into brought thecm forth and said, go stand
the temple,                            andt speak in the temple to the. people
Peter a nd John improved this cir- all the words of this life.'  They went
eumlstatce, and it is thought that there at once and preached in the courts of
was, a large addition that day to the the temple.  iMorning came and the
cliurch. But in the evening the priests council sent f-or themi  to have them
and Saducees apprehended Peter and tried, but to the astonish ment of the
John, and put them in prison, and kept officers, though the prison dooros were
them  therle until the next morning, all shut, the prisoncrs were out.
when they brought themn  before the They were wondering about this strange
council and questioned them, as to the affair when a report came to them   tlla
manner in which they had cured this these men were  teaching in the temple.
lama manl.  This afforded Peter an op- The convened council sent for them, tand
portunity of preachin-g another sermon, when they were brought before them,
and he improved it.  The council was the high priest asked them why they
astonished at their answers, andc at the had kept on preaching, after they had
boldness and power, with which they been charged to stop. Peter answered
spoke, seeing they wore unlearned nmen. charging theim with the murder of the
They, however, charged tlmm to preach prince and Savior.  He declared the
no more in the nalme of Jesus.  But resurrection  of Jesus.  At this they
Peter and his companion gave them to were very  much  enraged, and took
understand that they would follow the council together to slay them.  Gaamaleadings of thle clivine spirit, and the liel stepped forth and asled the counopeniDgs of divine providence. They Cil to hear him a little wlhile.  HIe then
then threatened them further, and let delivered an adldress that induced them
them go.                              to let the apostles go. Acts v.
They went at once to their own corn-   Some time after this a severe persepany and reportecd all that the chief cution broke out, duringwhich Stephen,
priests and elderis had said, and done one of the seven deacons suffered marunto t]hem. They all at once joined tyrdom.   The persecution  scattered
the two liberated apostles in pramising the apostles, and Peter and John went
God, and t h e y en.aged in a prayer to Samaria, where Philip, one of the
meet-ing, durin.g which the power of deacons had intoclduced the gospel.
God 7was mnanifested.' The very place There Peter detected Simon the sorwhere tLey were  assembled was shaken, corer as animposter, andconfounded him
and they were all filled wi-th the Holy with the mlost scathing rebukes. Simon
G h o s t.  Believers were multiplied saw that by the lrving on of the aposgreatly, and the poor christians about tie's hand,. the Holy Ghost wascommuJerusalem, were pro;vided fr by vol~un-  nicated. IHe offered Peter money to




PET                 [3851               PET
invest himn with tlhe some power, but to Cornelius-, th nu  introducing the
Petericid to him.  "Thy money per- gospel into the G-entile world.  Hi-e
ish with bth-, beease thou hast thought was fully satisfied that it was his
tlhat the gift of God may be purchased duty to preach theo gospel to the Genwith money. Thou hast neither npart tiles, for while administering the word
nor lot in this matter, for thy heart is of life, the Holy Ghost fell on all
not  right in the sight of God," &c. those that heard the word.  CorneActs viii: 9-24.  After preaching in lius and his family and friends were
diffeient pmats cf Samaria Peter and baptized.  Acts, x.
Jobhn- ventured back again to Jerusalem.   It was mon noised about at JerusaAnd the persecution having somewhat lecm, that Peter hlad preached to the
abaterl, probably becaunse their leader, Gentiles, and they were ofie n ded.
Sa.ul of Tarsus, was cornverted, Peter When he came to Jerusalem, they comnwent into  different parts of TJudea, plained  of his course, but he reGalilee and Samaria. It is said Peter hearsed the circnumstances -which led''passed throughout all quarters, a.nd him to go there; and he told them tilhe
came down to Lydda."  In this place effect of his preaching:'"The Holy
he cured Eneas of the  palsy,  I-Ie Ghost fell on them  as on us at the
preached effectually there and at Saron. beginning."  They were s a t i s fi cd,
The death of Dorcas led him to go to " and glorified God saying, then hath
Joppa, for the disciples there hearing God also unto the Gentiles granted
he was at Lydda sent for him.  He repentance unto life."  Acts, xi: 1-18.
went and entered the apartment where   Not long after this, Paul was in JeDoreas lay in the stillness of death. rusalemn and tarried with Peter fifteen.
There were present a large number of days, during which time they no doubt
her beneficimries in the chamber, and conversed freely regarding Paul' life —
they showed Peter the coats andcl gar- work-preaching the go spel to t.hie
melnts she Tald made in her life time.   Gentiles.
Peter put them  all out, andc offered   About this time Herod killed James
up an earnest prayer to God to give and he imprisoned Peter, intending at
this good woman back to the Joppa a certain time to bring hil forth to.
churlch.  le thCn bade her arise from  the people.  VWhile he was in prison,
dead, and she arose, and the weeping the christians-were engaged in earnest
church was soon rejoicng. P e te r prayer to God for him. And the very'
then took up his abode for a while in night before he was to be executed,
Joppa-, lodging with  Simon, a tan- they were praying in the house of
ner, by the sea side.  Acts, ix.      Mary, the mother of John Mark.
hiile he was residing here, Corne- And the angel of the Lord went into
lius, the centurion, sent for hinm to the prison aund waked Peter, and bade
hear from  him wordsl  w h e r e b y he him bind on his sandals and follow
should be saved.                      him out. He did so, for the prison
To prepare Peter for his mission to doors opened before them, and soon
Cornelius, the Lord favored hinm with Peter, with his angel guide, was in.
a -vision, in whi;ch lhe saw a great sheet the street. He went to the house of
knit at the four corners, in which    q ary and knocked at the gate. Rhoda
were clean and uinclean animals, and came to the gate, and seeing him fora voice was hbeard by himl saying: joy opened not the gate, but ran in;
MRise  Peter, kill and eat."  1le a4nd told the company that Peter wasmlade objections, but his objections there. They did not at first believe
were reml-ovaed by the voice saying: her, but as he kept on knocking, they
"  hat God hath clensed, that call went and opened the gate, and he went
not theou co.mnon."  This was re- in among them, and told thlem  how
peated twice, when the sheet cwas that the Lord  had  delivered him.
taken up, and Peter awoke. Just at Acts, xii.
the time of his awaking, the messen- I It is likely after this Peter went to:
gers fromt Cornelius arrived, and en- Pontius, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia and
quired after him.  He received their Bithynia.  Into these  countries many
message, and at once knew the im- persecuted christians had fled, and to.
port of his vision, and agreed to go these clisciples called strangers, lie wrotewith them. He went and preached his epistle.  1 Peter, i: 1. S e  e r a
25




PET                 [Sss]               PHA
years after this Peter was in Jerusaleim twenty-four orders.  His lot was the
at the council that received Paul and nineteenth.  lst Chron. xxiv: 16.
Barnabas, and heard the report of their
labors; and then set them  apart, with PETTHUEL-[Peth-ut'-el,] mouzth or
others of their company, to preach the    persucasionl of God.
Gospel to the Gentiles of Antioch, and   Was the fathir of the prophet Joel.
Syria, and Cilicia. Peter related in the Joel i: 1.
council how that God had first granted
the Gospel by him to the Gentiles, and PEULTHAJ-[Pe-ul'-tha.]
lhe insisted that they ought not to ilm-   Was one of the sons of Obed-Edomi
pose any such ceremonial rites upon the and one of the sacred porters. 1st
Gentiles as circumcision, &e. Peter, Chron. xxvi: 5.
and James the less, and John gave Paul
the right hand of fellowship, and agreed P 1HI A L L U - [Fal'-lu,] adzirable,
that lhe should confine his labors chiefly  hidden.
to the Gentiles. Gal. ii:: 9. Peter met   Was the second son of Reuben, and
Paul at Antioch, soime time after this, is referred to in Genesis xlvi: 9. He
and there was a sharp disputation be- is one of four sons named there:
tween them1 regarding the Gentile con- "Hanoch, Phallu, Hezron and Carverts, and some ceremonies that Paul mni."  And we learn from Num. xxvi:
did not approve. Gal. ii: 14. Where 5, that he wva;s ihe3 head of the family
Peter traveled and labored the latter of the Phaiultt#s.
part of his life is not certain.  He wrote
his Epistles to the Jews scattered about P -I A L T I - [Fal'-ti,] deliverance,.
in the different portions of c o u n t r y  flil('t.
namedin.1Peter,i: 1. Hefinally died,   PIALTI, sometimes called PIALit is supposed, by crucifixion.  Tt is re- TIEL, was the  onl of L a i s h.   Ye
ported of him that he asked the priv- have an account of him, in Ist Sam.
ilege of being crucified with his head xxv:: 44. THe Tas of the city or tower
downwards, no  be:ing worthy to suffer of Gallim of the tribe of B-enjamln.
death as his master did. His Epistles For s'ome cause Saul, gave   ich[al,
are full of comfort to those for whom  David's  pife, to him, after hoe took
they were designed, and peculiarly ap- her away f'rom  David.  VWe know
propriate to thenl in their exile and not that he was an officer in the kingpersecutions.                         dom, or a   an of any special note.
Peter occupied a high position among Saul ma.y huave selected him, and
the apostles, and performed a g r e at given Mi5 cc1 to him, mainly because
-work; but it is not true that he pos- he was of his own tribe.
sessed superiority over the others as the   After David was anointed king in
apostatized church imagined, and that H-lebron, overi the house of Judah, a
he conveyed this supremacy to succes- war was csrriecd on between his house
sors. He had weaknesses and imperfec- and the 1louse of Saul, in Ishbosheth,
tions, and failings equal to any of them, who had been liade king by Abner,
yet he enjoyed a large degree of 1-c- the son of Nor, over Israel. David
ligious experience. I-e often called up waxed stronger and stronger, and the
the reminiscences of his eventful life, house of Saul waxecl  weaker and
and it has been said that he never heard weaker. ]David at length demanded
a cock crow without having grief revived of Ishbosheth, itichal, his wife, who
in his heart at his wieled denial of his had been given to Phalti. Ishbosheth
iMaster.  When writing his 2d Epistle, sent and took Ther from  her husband.
hle calls up the transfiguration scene, The separation fromi Michal greatly
and gives his testimony to it again. distressed Phalti, and le followed her
"And this voice which came froml  crying. It was certainly very hard
heaven,  we heard, when we were with for him to be parted fr-om her, for he
him in the holy mount." —i: 18.      loved her greatly.  But David was
her legitimate husband, and his inPETIA-IIAHiA — [Peth-a-hi'-aih.]   terest in the government demanded
that he should not leave a princess in
Was one of the priests appointed by the possession of another man who
David when he divided them  into was his own legitimate wife as well as




PHA                 [387]              PHA
the daughter of a king. Had David likely explained to Pharoah  as he
left her as the wife of Phalti, she did afterwards to Ahimelech.  Gen,
mig h t sometime have presented a xx: 12. Then he said, "she is indeed
double plea to the throne.           my sister. She is the daughter of my
When tlhey reached Bahurlim, on father, but not the daugther of my
the way to Hoebron, Abuer, who had mother, and she became my wife. "
bMichal in his charge, bade Phalti go   Pharaoh more than intimated that if
back again to his home. He accord- he had told him she was his wife, he
ingly did so, and 3fichal was received' would not have taken her. He then
by David and nulbered with his commanded his men concerning him,
other six wives. 2d Sam. iii: 13-1G.   and sent Abraham away, and his wife,
and all that he had. Genesis, xii.
P H A N U E L-[Fan-u/-el,] face or
visioln of God.        -         PHARAOH, 2-That (dsperses, that
PHANUEIL w a s the father of the       discover.
prophetess An nao, who entered the   P-ARAAOHI was the king of Egypt
temple just after Simeon had given who reigned at the time that Joseph
his testimony to the Messiahship of was taken dom. enslaved and cast into
Jesus. It is said "she spake of him  prison.  This Pharaoh  ia d become
to all them  that looked for redlemp- wroth with two of his servants, the
tion in Jerusalem.l                  chief butler, and the chief baker, and
This man was of the tribe of Asher, had put them in ward in the captain of
Juke, ii: 36.                        the guard's house. Both of these servants of the king creamed a dream and
PHARAOH,   1 —[Fa'-ro,] that cisper- were sad over it, the next morning.
ses, that discovers.             Joseph saw them, and asked them why
The frst Pharaoh mentioned in the they were sad. They told him, and he
Bible, was that king of Egypt that was interpreted the dreams, and each dream
reigning at the time that Abraham  was fulfilled according to the interprewent down into Egypt because of a tation.
famine.                                At Iength Pharaoh dreamed a dream.
Abraham was afraid lest the beauty The magicians and wise mulen of
of hi s wife, Sarah, would lead the Egypt were applied to, bub could not
Egyptians to kill him, that they might intemlret it for the uing.  The chief
possess her.  He said to Sarah, when butler, whose dream had been interprethe Eg'ptians see thee they will say, ted, and who had promised faithfully'This s his wife, and they will kill me, to remember 3 oseph, made an acknowlbut they will save thee alive; say I edgment to the ling of his fault in
pray thee, thou art my sister."  Abra- forgetting that promise, and he sughanm  had fears, and they were not gested that t le dream be referred to
groundless, for as soon as he reached Joseph. Pharaoh accordingly sent for
Egypt, her beauty was observed, andd Joseph, told him his dream, and he gave
ancd commended. The princes of Pha- him the interpretation thereof. And,
roah saw her and commended her be- as a reward. Pharaoh set him  over all'fore the king, and he took her to the the land of ]Egypt, to gather corn dupalace, that she might be prepared to ring the seven years of plenty, for the
be brought into his presence, and sup- coming seven years of famine, and he
posing that she occupied only the rela- put his ring upon Joseph's hand, artion of sister, Pharaoh treated Abra- rayed him  in royal robes, and put a
ham  well for her sake. But the Lord gold chain about his neck  and made
interfered on bLehalf of Sarah's hus- him to ride in the second clariot.  He
band, by plagueing the king and his made Joseph next to himself in Egypt,
house  -ith great p0agues.  Whbatever gave him the name of Zaph-nath-PAathese plagues were, they were under- neah, and gave him to wife, Asenath,
stoodl by Pharaoh  as proofs of dis- the daughter of Potipherah, the priest
approbation, and he called for Abra- of On.
ham and interrogated  inm as to the re-   When Joseph's brethren went down
lation Sarah sustained; he frankly con- to Egypt to buy corn, and he made
fessed that she was his wife, but that himself known unto them, and Pharaoh
she was also his sister.  He very heard of it, he bade Joseph invite his




PHA                 [3s81                PHA
brethren and his father to come clown the king's orders. HIe then ordered
into Egypt, under the promiseo th/at all Iis I;eop1e to mazik every son that
they should dwell in the best of the was born unto the Hebrews and cast
land. He told Joseph to send wagons him into the river, but save the da-glhout of the land of Egypt to bring their ters alive. IHis daughter hliad some of
little ones, and their wives, and their the mlilk of human kindness about her,.
fathers, and lnot to be careful about and when she found a Hebrew babe
their stuff, because the blest of the land floating in an ark on tho river Nile, she
of Egypt was theirs. As soon as Jo- adopted it as her own son. That child
seph's father and brethren arrived, he was Moses. Pharaoh-'  daugter edntook five of his brethren and went into cated 1im, and he remain-   with her
the presence ol Phnaraoh,   the king and in Eypt nntil fori'v  eartys o ago
told-him they had arrivedi with their   When Moses slew tlhe Egpttian  whoflocks and herds, and all thlat they had. was fighting with a -ebrew, and PhaPharaoh asked the five bretlhren what'rtaoh learned it, he sought to slay him,
their occupation was, and they told him  and 3ioses fbed Ifrom tho face of' Pkathey were shepherds. Pharaoh then raoll. Ex. i and i.
repeated to Joseph what he had saidc
before:-that the land of Egypt was PHAR1i-AOH, 4-ThPcat disperses, tkla
efborc t;hem,. and to have themn  make    discovers.
choice of a place to dwell.  In a short   PI-IAR.AoII  was tlle king who was
time after their arrival, Joseph intro- reigning in Egypt at the time that
duced his aged father to Pharaoh, who Moses went from Mlidian and dewas. struck with Jacob's venerlablco ap- manded the emancipmtion of all the
pearance,. and -asked him,'"How old IH-ebrews.  H:e mnay have been -tile'
art thou?'"                           son or grandson of the  ormeTor king.
After Jacob died Joseph  embahmed Mvloses and his brother went Iearlessiy
his body in Egypt, and certified his into his presence, and dcemtdecled of
desire to Pharaoh to take the renains him  the freeclo   of Isel,   Thius
to the land of Canaan and bury them  saith the Lord, let my people go that
in the famiily vault of his grandfa;ther. t'hey may hold a feast unto ine in thle
So Ph-araoh granted his request.  low wilderness."  But Phar iohl refittd.
long Pharaoh lived after this we cannot They-then told him. that God had met
tell; but we learn that after he- cldied  itLh them  anI required therm to go,
anothler king aroso who knew  lOt'Jo- three- days journey into th e wilc1erness
eph.  C-on.- xlii: 1.                to sacrifice untlo him-and they Tepresented the dalnger they would be
PHARAOH, 3 —ThZ7a disp)r.ses, that in if they did not obey, viz, their God
discovers.                        imight fall upon them,: withl pVstilence
PHARAOH was tha.t khing of Egypt and  with  sword.  Pharaoh talkecd
whobegan.sorelyoolppressl he childlren ronughly to- themL and bade them  in
of' Israel. H-1e proposed to the Egyp- the ste ad of tryingto makie the slaveotians that they should deal wisely with discontent, to let them  alone, and
the Hebrews and stop their increase, themselves go to their burtdens.  In
lest if they as a nation were- led into the s-tead of granting them  their'
war wilh. any other nation, they would request,, lie bade the tas-masters of
raise an insurrection and help their en- thle Hebrews deal more hardly with,
emies to filht against them and liber- them and thereby quell any ciisposiate. themselves.  He set taskmasters tion amongtlthem to insurrection. He
over thena to afflict them withl burdens bade them  require the Hebrews. to!
and make them  public serv-ants;   for raake the number of bricks they were
under their taskmasters they built for accustomed to make without furnishPharaoh tomls and cities.  But the ing them  straw, which was used in
oppression of Pharaoh did not have the manufacture of Egyptian bricks.
the desired effect, for the. more they They were obliged: to go all over the
afflicted them the more they multiplied -cornfields and gather the straw and
and grew. At length Pharaoh ordered mlake the same number of bricks as
the midwives to kill every male- child, when there was plenty of straw furof the Hebrews as soon as born.; but nished tlhem.  And they were punthese women. feared God and disobeyed ished by-their cruel task-masters when.




PHA                 [389]               PI[A
they failed, as some of them  did. they were all devoured. Ex. iv to xv
This led them to conamplain of Moses, inclusive.
and he in turn prayed to God for direction.  God gave Atoses directions, PHAIRAOH, 5-T/at djspersese  tha-t,and again he went into the presence      discovers.
of Pharaoh and wrought signs and   PHA-IRaAo H was the father-in-law of
wonders before lhim  to convince him  Solomon.  He, too, was a king of
of the truth and divinity of his mis- Egypt.  The king,of Israel made
sion. The next day Moses met Pha- affinity with him, and m a r r i e d his
raoh nas he was going out to the water,: daughter, and brought her after the
probably to bathe or to perform some marriage into the city of:David. 1st
religious ablution, and ble addressed Kings, iii: 1. We have an account in
him. again on the subject of letting 1st Kings ix: 16, of this Pharaoh takIsrael go, andcl he gave him the divine ing Gezer from the Canaanites, and
threatening of serious and dreadful slaying thenm, and then givingit as a
plagues if he did not.   The first present unto his daughter, Solomon's
plague was visited upon pharaoh and wife. And it is likely this Pharaoh
Egypt, which was turning the waters. was the one that gave his wife's sister
into blood and slaying all the fish, to Hadad, the Edomite, as a wife,.and for seven days this plague afflieted whose children were. r aise d up in
him and Egypt.  The fish died and Pharaoh's palace, and who in company
the river stank so that the people with  Rezon  an d Jeroboam  -we re
could not drink of the water. The enemies to king Solomon. Ist  inhgs,
whole land of Egypt was filled with xi: 19, &e.
blood.
At the end of seven days Maoses _PHARAO H, 6 —7ihat disperses, that
was directed to threaten Phlaraoh with    discovers.
the plague of frogs, and that platgu    Pm-IAlroru- is called Phlaraol-neeho.
as visited upon hillm, and after it the Tl is reeirred to in 2d Kings, xxiii
plague of lice, then flies, then murrain,  and xxiv. Like the other Pharaohs
after that boils and blains, then hail he was a king of Egypt. He went in
and locusts —in all eighl plagues; but battle against Josiah, because lie rethese did not prove sufficient to hum- fused to let him pass through his terble the haughty heart of Pharaoh, so ritories.  They foughlt at Megiddo,
as to induce hlinm to let the people go.. nad Josiah was nmortally wounded.
God then brought upon Pharaoh the His EServants put him  into another
Dinth  iague, which was a plague of Ycha-iot land took him to Jerusalem,
darkness that continued  for three where he died. See 2d Chron. xxxv:
days.  And still another, it was the 2"4. "The archers shot at king Josiah,
destroying angel, who passed through and the king said to his servants, have
th1e land slaying one of every family me away, for I am  sore wounded."
of the Egyptians, from the royal fari- Jehoahaz was made king in the stead
ily to the lowest family in his realm. of Josiah, lbut Phar aoh  dethroned
UJnder the sorrows that pressed the him, and made Eliakim, his brother,
nation, with every family in iourning king, and changed his name to Jehoifor the sudden death of its first-born, akiml; and putting the land under
tle king called for Ioses and Aaron, tribute he returned to his own country.
and bacle them  go with the people   In about four years'the army of
and serve the Lord as he had said. Pharaoh, was rouented by the Chaldeans,
I oses led the people out. It was not the city of Jerusalem taken and Jehoialong until Pharaoh repented letting kim was made tributary to Nebuchadthemu go, and pursued after them to nezzar, while Pharaoh-necho and his
bring them back. He followed them  army were driven into Egypt and conwith the Egyptian army into the bed fined there. Jer. xlvi, gives an account
of the sea, the waters of which had of the defetat of Pharaoh and his army.
been parted to make Israel a road,
and while the whole Egyptian army, PIIARAOH? 7 —T hat disperses, that
with- the enraged Pharaoh at their       discovers.
head, were marching through, sud-   PHARAOH is called Pharaoh-hophra.
denly the parted waters closed and He is suppo ed to have been the grand



PiA [r9WI                                PM
son of Pharaoch-necho, and to have line of Christ's genealogy.  Hatto.
reigned twenty-five years as the King i: 3.
of Egypt.  Many of the Jews were   Like the other.two living a-ens of
scattered about in his dominions, and Judah, he became the lead of a powJeremiah  himself was at Tnhpanhes erful family, for when Israel came out
the royal city or the city where was the of Egypt, the tribe of Judal nunmpalace of Pharaoh.  Jeremiah was   red seven.y-four thousand fighting:
commissioned to pro hesy the downfall menz. Numboers, i' 27.
of this kingdom.  Zedekiali depending
upon Pharaoh to assist him, rebelled PI  EBE-[Pee'be,] s7tzIninj, purie.
aiainst the King of Babylon, and re-  TPIUEDE was an early christian, and
fused to follow  the instructions of is very strongly Commended by Paul,
Jeremiah the prophet.  But when the as lie closes up his epistle to the Boeaction commenced the Egyptian army,manse.  Bomans,7 S,: 1-2.   Pheberetreated, and left Zedekiabh, and he may have been the bearer of this
was taken.  The prophet was corm- epistle, and this language is a strong:
manded of the Lord to say: "Behold'recoimmpendLation for her on the pari
I will give Phtarao0h-hophra,  King of of Paul.  it rlny be  he swas, as sonic
Egyypt, into the hainids of his enemies, think, a person of qcuality andcl  state,,
atnd into tihe Iiands of teni te that seelk of whom. therce wer   few among the,
his life; as: I gave Zdeleiah,  King of early christians..   Anld she rnay have
Judah, into the hands of Nebuchad- dhad business at this ti'me at Rome,
nezzar, King of BabyNlon, his cnemriy wi he're she wa  a stra nger, and lhence
and that sought his life."  Jer. xliii Pau-l -ecom-1laelnded her to their acand xl'v.  -He became  exceedingly quaintance and assist ance, so fa-r as
unpopular withl his people, Incc it is thleyhad. it in thlir power' to assist her
said that they turned against. and hated tin lier bussiness. ]Re desired thoen  to,
him. When he was taken prisoner, his ex-end christian cou;e~sy to her, and.
captor and conqueror would have dealt givc her the haind of fellowship.' I
kindly with hiim, but the people would commend unto you our sisteor Phebe,.
not allow him. They forced tPharaoh who is a seo -ant of' the church, which.
~out of his hands, and strangled him to is at Cenchreoa  That ye receive heLr
death it is said after they had made his in the Lord as becomueth Saints, and
conqueror, Amasis king in his steacl. that ye assist her in whatsover busiIsaiah xix, Ezekiel xxix, xxx, xxxi ness she hath need of you, for she
anwad xxxii,                          haith been a succorer of mnany, and of
Pharaoh was a common name of the imyself alsoo."  Here we lealrn  that.
Kings of Egypt and was aften added to Paul censidered her a sister in the
other names. It is saidC there were not Lord, and a faithrful member of the
less than sixty of Egypt's kings of this church —one that ministered to the
name, throughl the various dynasties of wants of -those who were in necessity
the empire. There is one mentioneld and who entertained the ministers of
in the cdays of Hlezekliah witi whomn he Christ in hear house.
made a league. 2d KLings xviii: 19-21,
that was probably a different pecrson PtHI0CL — [E'-col,]   e.mo;th  of,
friom any whoem w   aveve referred to,  cl, perfecczio,.
PHIcoL: was the captain of the host
P  AR E Z-[Fa'rez,] division,. rnp- of Abiilelech, the king of Gerar. He
ati'e.                            was the chief of Abimnelch's ofce-rs,.
and was associatoed with his masLcer,
P-TAREz  was the twin brother of the king, in exacting a solelsn  sro1nZ arabh, the son of Judah, by his ise, or covenant of Abrahalm tlatl he
da-ughter-in-law, Tamar.  Ge n es i s, would deal kindly with himu. and his
xxxviii: 27. He was not the elder of sons,. and his sons' sons, in return for
two, but the younger,. hence the privi- the kindnoess li he  ad done him in perleges and honors of birthright be- ilitting him to dwell in his land, and
longed to Zarah, and yet as they were in returning his wife Sarah unto him.
twins, we miay suppose that the privi- Gen. xx: xxi.  Abirahamn acceded toleges to some, extent were conjoined. their wishes and entered heartily iu.ne,
Pharez was the one that wa-s in the  the coveuankt




PM                  [391]                PHI
It is probable that the Phicol men- some."  Paul exhorts Timothy to shun
tioned in Gen. xxvi: 26, is the same profane and vain babbliags —to be sure
person that is mentioned above.  H-e not to split upon the fittal rock on which
was the chief captain of Abimelech's these two men had been wrecked.
army, and is mentioned in connection
with A-huzzath, one of the king's PHILIP, 1 —[Fil'-lip,]  warlike, a
friends.                                   lover of horses.
PHILIP  was one of the apostles
PHILEMON-[Fi- le'-mon,] that is called by Jesus, and a witness with
cfjectionate.                     the others of his mi'racles.  IHe was
PI rIIEIToN was a dis-6ple of Cihrist of Bethsaida, the city of Andrew and
in the apostolic age. Ile lived at Co- Peter.  Jesus called him to be his
loose and is suppos ed to lhave been disciple an,-d follow him, he obeyed
-very wealthy, and thoe Christians held the call.  He hlad an interview vitth.:meetings in his house. His wife was Nathaniel in which be invited him
-robabiy with him ciearly colnverted to to an  acquaintaince w-ith  Jesus of
the Christian faith.                   Nazareth.'Nathmniel did not believe
Phileamn Ihad a servant w hose his report that this  person was the
name was Onesimrus, who ran away sesssiah, and lie a'1cd P..ilip, " Ca
from lieul and  ent to Home.  W hile I  ny good thing coime  outl of' N'azaat iomc, Oinesirns was converted reih'?"  Phi lip inviteed him  to come
under Paul's ministry, and madce himl-  and cee for himsclf and he did.
self cjuite useful to PIaul in his in-    V 1xena Jeu  s was about to feed the
priseonmeat.  After le hlad been with imutitudcce rmiraculously he -turned to
haul awhile he sCet him  back to Phli p anrid askecd him,    where shml'l
Philemon, his master, and wrote an we bJuy briecad tht  t ht ee relay cat?"
epistle in which he relates the fact of HIe saaid this to Philip with a view of
the srve'a's convt sion and recore- proving him, for he was, iltendiZg t.o
menllid    Phil  il o     n to reeive him I imvultiply the few loavej and flShes thalt
kiindly and forgive his err"ors; and lie were there.  Philip aInsrwered Jesus,
wrote Philemon to charge  mh hat Is " T-wo hundre d penny-wozth of1 bread
Ser vant  ighta   havoe Vwronged hil in is[ not sulfficiot for them, ftlm  every
runnilng    {aray, to Lis account.  See one Qof theilel imay takle a little."  Jo
the cpistle, whicI is a' very aefetion- vi: 5.
ate 1eter, lfull of natural and touching   WVe hav g a'n account in John, X ii
eloquence.                            20, of ceritain  Greels coaimng to YJesus
it is thought, by some, t;hat Phile- to see and com ero-e wift. him. Tihey
men, sufieed martyrdlonm with Appia,  did not at once go into his presence
h is Wca in the persecution udrcl  the but approached  Ph'i1p1  and aske
emnpe:or, N'ero.                      him to introduce the-m. Iei re ported
their presence and desire to Aindew,
HILET US - [  i-le'-tus, ] amicable, and the two together introduce theem
belovec.                          to Jesus.
PuILrnUr us is mentioned by the apostle   At the last supper lihe expressed a
Paul in his Epistle to Timothy, (ii: 17, desire  to  see the father's glory,
&c.,) in connection with Hyme'neus. "Show us the. fther anci it sfiicets
Philetus erred concerning the truth. us."  Jesus told him that as hlie and
They had cmabraced, we suppose, the his father were  one and inseparable,
error of the Gnostics, referi-etl to in he that by faith had se0  Ifi h, Ihad
1 Tim. i: 4; as also Titus iii: 9, and seen thte father.  He gave Philip to
Jude iv. In that system  there we:re understand that he ihad beena slhowing
"fables and endless genealogies,-fool- forth the father and his glory in all
ish questions and contenttions and striv- his works and acts. John. xv: 8.
ings about law."  "For there are cer-   His labors as an apostle are not
tain men crept in unawares, turning the  narrated as are the labors of somel
grace of God into lasciviousness ansI  others, but it is thought lie preached
denying the only Lord God and our the gos3el in upper Asial, and at last
Savior Jesus Christ."  It is said "they died a martyr at Hiicrapolis, a city in
say that the resurrection is p asse c   the neighborhood of Colosse, where
already, and over'throw the faith of Christianity was early planted.




PHI                [392]                PHI
PHILIP, 2- Warlike, a    o v er of   He lived at Cesare a when Paul
horses.                          stopped there on his way to JerusaPIIILIP was one of the seven dea- letn, and that apostle entered his
cons who were all declared to be men house, and tarried there many days;
of "honest report-full of faith and and Paul tells us he had four daughof the holy Ghost," appointed to that ters who prophesied. VWhere the i'uwork and office by the apostle in the ture labors of this good man were
Jerusalem church. Acts, vi: 5. We performed, we do not know. Acts,
have an aeount in Acts, viii: 5, of viii, and xxi: 8-9.
hia going to Samaria ancl preaching
Christ unto the people there.  I-te PHILIP, 3- -TVctrlike, loverof ohorses.
not only preached but also wrought   PHILIP or Herod Philip was the son
miracles there —he healed the sick of Herod the great, and of iMariamand cast out devils. Under his min- ne, who was the daughter of Simon,
istry th-cre was a glorious revival a. nd the high priest. We learn fronm Matt.
the whole city was excited. " There xiv: 3, that the Hterod who laid hold
was great joy in that city."  Among on John the Baptist, and cast him
those who professed conversion in the into prison, had married Philip'- wife
city of Samlaria was Simon the sor- I erodias.  This Herod  was the
cerer. H-le was afterwards confounded brother of Philip, and Jolm had said
by the apostle Peter, and as we may to him, "It is not laful for thee to
suppose excluded the church.  Not have her."  She was so enrage-d at
long after this Philip was bidden by this that she induced Herod to iman ang'el to go toward the south, to prison him. See also Mark, vi: 17.
hhe road that went from. Jerusalem to See HlIerod Philip.
Gaza. He accordingly went and met
a man of Ethiopia, an eunuch of PHIlNEH-AS, 1-[Fin'-ne-as,] a bold
great authority under Candace, the       countceacnce.
queen of Ethiopia.  The man was   -II-INERIAS was the son of Eleazar
engaged in reading the prophecy of and the grandson of Aaron, and he was
Esaias.  IHe went near the chariot the third hifgh pries-t of the Jews. We
and overheard the reading of the have an account in Nnum. xxv: 6, &c.,
53cl chapter of Isaiah.  Philip asked of his remarkable zeal for God and the
the nobleman if lie understood what religion of his fathers. There is an ac.
he was reading —he readily acknowl- count given of the 1Midianitish womlem
edged lie did not, and supposing the coming into the camp of the Hlebrews
stranger did understand it, fromn his and leading the Israelites away to unhaving asked the question he invited cleanness and idolatry. Zinmri, a prince
himn to a seat in the chariot with him. of the Simeconites, led Cozbi, who was
He re-read the passage possibly, then a daughter of Zur, a prince ol the Midasked Philip " of whom speaketh the ianites, into the camp and into his own
prophet this, of himself or some other tent. Phinehas saw him and followed
mlan?"  Philip tihen preached Jesus after him with a javelin in his hand;
to the eunuch, fromi the prophecies and approaching  the guilty Ziniri and
read.                                the heathen priuycess he thrust the javThe instructions were r e c e ived elin through theml both, and so thley
humbly and believingly, and as they died. It may look like a rash act on
came to water, he said to Philip, his part, but israel was being scourged
"See here is water, what doth hinder at that time with a dreadful plagueime to be baptized."  Philip told him  twenty-four thousand had died. He-Ic
lie miglht be, if he believed. He said saw this demonstration of the wickedhle did believe thlat Jesus Christ was the ness that had occasioned the plangue,
son of God. They went down to the and lie rushed upon these destroyers
water, both Philip and the eunuch, and of the peace and happiness of Israel
he baptized him. The nobleman then and put them to death. God approved
re-entered his chariot,, and the spirit and rewarded him for it. EThe plague
of the Lord carried Philip to Azotus, wsas immediately stoppecl, and God aswhere lie engaged in preaching the signed the high priesthood to Phin-:gospel, passing through all the cities ehas and his family for many generatill he came to Cesarea.             tions, because he had maniftested this




PHI                 [393]               PIIU.~                                          ---
zeal and stayed his anger.  Num. xxv. the Lord's people to tl'anslres," &c.
There is an allusion made in Ps. cvi: How affectionate is the admonition and
30, 31, to this act of Phinehas, and he reproof froml the aged Eli to his erring
is justified and lauded for it.  " Then sons. Eli was the Judge in Israel, and
stood up Phinehas and executed judg- might at once have deposed his sons,
ment, and the plague was stayedl; and but he did not. A prophet of God rethat was counted unto him for right- proved him because he honored his sons
eousness unto all generations for ever- by retaining themn in the office after
more."                                their flagrant crimes complained of by
In Josh. xxii, we have an account all the people.  Some time after this,
of several princees who were sent to ex- while Smnuel was yet a child, the Lord
postulate  with  the Peubenites, the revealed his will to Eli through Samuel,
Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh in which lie deelared his coming judgregarding an altar they had erected by ments against his house, because of the
the side of Jordan, for they were sus- wickedness of his sons; and God gave
peeted as having rtcred an altar for Eli to understand that the terrible trial
idolatrous purposes.  Phin-ehas headed eshould soon conic upon him of his two
the deputation of princes, and when sons, -ophlni and Phinehas, both dying
they were satisfied that the altar Ed in one day.  1 Sam. iii: 11.
was not for purposes of idolatr-y, thcly   Soon atiter this there was a battle bewent back and reported to their breth- tween Israel and the Philistines, mid
ren, and they united in praising God.   Israel was defeated.  Phinehas and his
When the tribe of the Benjamites brother were in the camp of Israel with
were cut off on account of' t.heir conduct the ark of God.  They were both slain,
in the affair of Gilead, Phinehas was and the ark was taken.  T2he news of
with the army, and enquired of the the defeat of Israel was taken to Eli by
Lord ancl receive-d directions.  Judg. a Benjamlite, and as soon as the aged
xx: 28.  When Phinchas died he was priest heard it, filled with sorrow, he
succeeded in the office of high priest fell suddenly fromn his seat backwarld and
by his son.                            died.  Soon  the intelligence reached
the wife of Phinehas, and she too sank
PIINTEAIHASS, 2-A bZed cowc-enycance. under the sorrows that wIere produced
PHINEHAS was the Son of Eli.  Hie by the news that the Israelites were dealso was a priest, but like his brother feated-the ark of God taken —and
was wicked before God. 1 Sam. i: 2, 3..her f-a ther-in-law and her husband were
The sons of Eli ministered beore the both dead.
Lord, but though in the sane office and   The wife of Phinehas named her
having the examlple of a good fither, son 1ichabod, just as she was dyingthey deseerated the sacre-d office, and that name was exipressive of her own
profaned the sanctuary at Shiloh.      sad f~4eeling, and the facts as it regarded
Phinehas and his brother abused the her nation, viz., "The glory is dewFomen that assembled at the door of parted.'
the tabernacle of the congregation.  It
is supposed by some that these women PHILEGON- [Fleg'-on, ] z'eaGows,
assembled there for devotional purposes.   burning.
Others suppose they were employed as   Was a christian who is merely mennightwatchers. Womenwers employed ti.oned by Paul in his salutations to the
about the house of the high priest in Roman cnhistians.  Romn. xvi:14.  He
our Lord's time. A woman kept the is thought by some to have been a
door of the palace of the high priest bishop of the church of Marathon.
when Jesus was hurried from the Garden to Caiphas. John xviii: 17. "Then PH1URAH — [Fu'-rah,] that bear s
saith the damsel that kept the door,      fruit, that grows.
unto Peter," &c. But in Ex. xxxviii:   Pi:URA-I  was a servant of Gideon,
8, the ancient custau is referred to.    and is mentioned in Jud. vii: 11. The
Eli heard of this conduct of his sons, Lord bade Gideon arise in the night
and said unto them, "'Why do ye such and go down to the camp of the Alidthings, for I hear of your evil doings ianimts, and take  lhurah, his serwant
by all this people. Nay, my sons; for with him, and he should hear things by
it is no good report that I hear ye make which he should be strengthened.  He




iPHIU               [394]                PrL
did so accordingly ancd the two together   When Christ was taken from Gethseoverheard a nan telling a dream to a mnane to Annas the father-in-law of
fellow soldier, which was interpreted by Caiaphas, forjudgament. Annas refused
the soldier to whom the dreaimer talked. to judge him, and sent him bouand to
Gideon was inspirited for his work and the acting high priest, and the high
he and Phur-ah went back again, to the priest sent him to Pontius Pilate, after
camp, and that night the IMidianites having bound him.  John xviii: 14,
were conqu-Led..                      Luke xxiii: 1.
The Jews brought their accusations
PHUTT-[-Fut.]                         against Jesus, the principal one wals tor
PIUT    was one of the sons of Ham, sedition and heresy against the loniman
hence the grandson of Noah, and is Enmpire, and dclaring lims:elf to he
referred to in Noah's posterity. Gen. King.  At first Pilate was disposed to
x: 6. His posterity are supposted to refuse to sit in judgment on the case.
have settled first in Egypt, and that He told the Jews to take Jesus whom
they were in leafgue with, if not in- they accused ani)judcge him aacco-i-zing
deed  subject to the Egyptians in the to their own law, but they aid no, " It
tiime of I-ezekiah. h  ahum-u, iii: 9: is not lawful for us to put any man to
" E t h i o p i a a n d Egypt were her death, a we Jews have not the power ci?
strength, and it was infinite. Phut life and death.  -He was induced to enand LauDbirm v-e-re thy helpers.'"    ter into his juldoment hall and piermit
the case to be opened lefore him.  He
PH1JUVA1-: -[Pu`/-vah,] that bears then asked Jesus, "Art thou the Icing
fruitt, thact rJoz ws.           of the Jews."'  Ie answered the qcuesprI-VAWTw vTi S the son of IsSaehar tion by asking Pilate if he askclA this
and is numbered with the family of? question of his own accord, or for his
Jacob, who went down to Egypt to own satisfaction.'Sayest thou this of
dwell. Gen. xlvi: 13.                 thyself, or did others tell it thee of me.'
Pilate told Jesus that the chief priests
PHIYGELLUS - [Fi-gel'-lus,] fiUgi- of the Jews had delivered him to him
tive.                            for judgment, and he desired to know
P1rYGELLUS is noticed in 2d Tim. what he had done. Jesus answered
i: 1, in connection with IHermogenes. him  "m ny kingdom is not of thEs world;
2They were professed Christians, and, if amy kingdomn were of this world,
for a timne, the scenemng friends of then would my servants fight that [
Paul.  Whatever is true as regards should not Le delivered to the Jews,
their real character, it is certain that &c."  Pila-te asked him the question
they forsook Paul in the time of his -again.  "Art thou a king."  He 1 told
distress and imprisonmient, as did " all him plaimly he was. Pilate then asked
they which were in Asima"             him the significant question, "w'hiat is
truth,'" but wvithout waiting for an anPILTE-[Pi'-l1at,] w t   o is armed swer, prejudiced in favor of Jesus he
wtitlh a daCr.                    went out to the Jeaws and referred them
to a custom of the Homan government
PrL.AE  co-mmCuIly ecalled Pontius releasing a prisoner to therm on the ocPilate.  He  was  tihe successor of casion of their Passover, and he asked
Gratus  in the government of Judea. them  if he should release unto them
Pilate is represented in history as a very Jesus, who styled himiself the king of
cruel and wicked man; putting innocent the Jews. They all cried out no, prepeople to death and to torture. without ferring Barabbas a noted robber. Pilate
even the form of trial; and the Bible then to gratify the Jews, scourged Jesus
history of him is in keelping with this. and permitted the soldiers to put a
We have an account in Luke xiii: 1, 2 crown of thorns upon his head, and a
of his cruelty to certain Galileans. EIe purple robe upon lim  in mockery of
had probably taken oncase at something royalty, and they said " Hail king of
they had said or done, anLd while they the Jews."  Pilate then stood before
were in the court of the temple, he the Jews, and freely declared that he
murdered  tlma, and mingled their found no fault in him. But the chief
blood with Jewish sacrifices, as they | priests were full of rage. and cried out
were ofered in the temple.           I crucify him! crucify him!




PIL                [395]               POT
Pilate had made friends that day seal and a guard of Roman soldiers 
with IHerod, and referred the case of and those soldiers performied faithJesus to him, and he had found no fully their work of watching till the
fault in him, or if he had found fault, divine power was displayed,'breaking
he had not judged him worthy of death; the seal of Pilate and striking terror
and he referred them  to that fact, but and consternation into the soldiers,
they would not be pacified.           who fell back like dcead men. Matt.
Pilate tried several methods to pre- xxvii; Luke, xxiii; John, xix.
serve the life of Jesus, w hom  he   It is supposed that iPil ate was
looked upon as an innocent m a n. finally deposed, for his cruelty, by the
The wife of Pilate had sent him word governor of Syria, and sent to leolme
to have nothing to do in condemning to give an account of his conduct behim; and, her jLcldgment thus ex- fore the emperor.  The emperor banpressed, had its influence on him.   ished him to Vienna, in Gaul, where
In the course of the trial he had lhe was subject to extreme inconvenheard the Jews say:  "We have a iences, which occasioned such a state
law, and by our law he ought to die, of mind that he was driven to combecause he made hinmself the son of mit suicide.
Godc."  This declaration had made   Pilate was a consummate hypocrite
Pilate afraid, and now he appears be- and coward or he would never have
fore thle Jews and again insists on put Jesus to death, with the impresreleasing him; but the Jews cried sions he had of his innocence.
out:  "BIf thou let this man go, thou
art n o t Cesar's friend. Whosoever PILDASH —[Pil-d_-sh.]
ma kethI  himself a king speaketh    Was the son of Nallor, and tlhe
against Cesar."  This alarmed Pilate, grandson of Terah. G-en. xxii: 22.
and, lest he should be reported on
and superceded a; tole governor, he PORATIIA-[Por'-a-tha,] jriiitfuil
went into the judgmcent hall again,   Wass one of the ten sons of 1113man
and, sitting in his seat, prepared to who wvee slain by the Jews in the
give judgmlent againt him. Butl, in slaughter in Shushanm.  They were
connecion with this sctl, he detter- ordered by Kling Ahasuerus to be
mined to giive one more evidence of his hanged. Est. ix: 8, 13.
convictions thas Jesus was innocent.
1-eo called for a basin of cmiver and POTIPI-Al —[Pot/-i-far,] 7ritll of
washed his hands, saying:  "lI hereby      frica, fait hul.
declare 1my innoence of this man's   PoTIPARu was an officer of imporblood."  Exulti'ng that their hopes tance for Phiaraoh the king of Egypt
were so near being consummniated, at the tine that Joseph was taken
they said:  "His blood be on us, down into Egypt by the Mcldianitish
and our ehildren."  1H-e  h en pro- merchants. Hle is supposed to have
nounced the sentence of death upon been captain of the royal guards. He
J esus, and the Jews took him away bought Joseph of the Miclianites, and
to crucify himl. Pilate wrote a title after he had tried him founcl him to
and put it on the cross; and, in order be worthy of his confidence  and
that all who witnessed the crucifixion estee- -fbr every thing seenied to
mighbt ead it anlCd understand it the prosper in (Joseph's hands. Potiphlar
inscription w as written in Hebrew, had such confidence in Joseph that
and Greek, and Latin.  The chief he put the entire management of his
priests were mortified at this inscrip- affaiirs and household arrangements
tion and asked Pilate to change it in his hands. But the wife of Potifronm  "This is the king of the Jews " phar blasted Joseph's character with
to "Ho-:e said,'I am the king of the a lie. He credited the charge brought
Jew.s;" b1ut Pilate would not change against Joseph  and cast him  into
it. When Joseph begged the body prison. Gen. xxxvii: 36; Gen. 39.
of Jesus, for a decent burial a n d
honorable interment, Pilate readily POTIPHERAH-[Pot-i-fe'-r a h,I
granitecl it. And so, when the Jews       that scatters or demolishes the fcat.
applied to him to make the tomb se-   POTIPHERAHI  was a priest of On.
cure, he granted them the use of the E-Ie was the father-in-law of Joseph.




POT                  [396]               RAB
Gen. xli: 45.  Pharaoh  after pro- PUAJI, 2.
moting him  gave him  Asenath, the
daughter of P-otipheralh as a wife.   Was one of the Egyptian midiveCS
1He was priest of On, a city about who was commanded by the king  of
forty-five miles from Zoan, the royal Egypt to put the imale children of the
city.  I-e was a man of great promi- Israelites to death, as soon as they
uence,and  importance  in  Egypt. were born. Ex. i: 16. [See Shipsah.]
The fact that the king selected his
davughter for a wifie for the man who PUBLITUS —[Pub'-li-us,1 conmm~on.
rode in  the second chariot of the
nation, ancl was the governor of all   Was the governor of Melita or Malta,
the land, indicates it.  It can hardly the Island on which Paul and his cornbe supposed that this person was the panions were  cast when shipwrecked
sa0me  as Potiphar, for Joseph could on the way to Rome. Paul cured his
hIardly hLbve  been satisfied to marry father of a dangerous disease. Acts
the dlaughter of a woman who had so xrviii: 8.
wickely traduced him.
PUL -Be~an, de3stiacGtion.
P-R I S C I L L. A -[Pris-sil-lah,]
zitcienza. *                         He was the first King  of A.ssyria
P   T SC IL LA  with her husband t1hat invaded the kingdom  of Israel.
Aquila vwas originally of r-ome, but  V ie harve an account of that invasion in
balnished by the edict of Claudius. 2d Kings xv: 19.
Acts, xviii: 2.   They  were  tent  MIanalcem prevailed on Pul to with-'makers:, ancd when Paul became ac- draw  his troops, by giving him  one
quainted vwith them at Corinth and as thousand talents of silver.  He -waged
he hadl learned in his younger days war with  the  lenbenites, Gadites
the same  trade, he  lived at their and the half tribe of lMaalnsasl, conhouse -and wrought with them at tent quered  them  and carried thel  away
making.  Pa^ul greets  this woman c-aptive.  Ist. Chron. v: 26.
with her husband as an "1jheclper in
Chri,, t Jesu.     o.  vi: 3. And 3   D   AAlAe[anl-a-n     anh, ]  eatniss,
they were hlis lhelpers; for when the I [   thnL2dei,   l, bru'2isaS3ag.
eloquent Apollos began  to preach, | RAAMIAJT wats the flurth son-of Cush.
Priscilla wit-1h her husband took him  Gen. x:  17. I-lis sons that are menunto themI  and expoundcd unto him  tioned are Sheba and P-cdan, both;of
-the  way of Godt  more perfeictly.  which becamenheads of pofwerul tribes.
They taught him  w Ih a t they had The former it is thought settled beyond
learned firom Paul while he re-idedl             t the Enphrate  ad the latter in Ara'bia,
with them- -and then gave him: the on the confines of Idumncea.  It is
b e nofit of their own experience. likely that the posterity of Rlaamah
Acts, xviii: 26. So strong was their carried on a trade with tbhe Syrians in
attachment for Paul that they even  spices, precious Ftones and gold, &e.
laid "down their own necks."  The   In Ezek. xxvii: 20, &e. it is said
apostle  apprcioated  their kindness "D3edan was thy merchant in precious
acud pressese, Upon the church of Plome clothes for chlariots. The nmerehlants of
the duty of kindclness to these noted Sheba and  Raamab, they were thy
persons, for the benefit they had con-'merchants: they occupied in thy fairs
feorm d upon the church in saving his with chief of all spices. and with all
life.                                  precious stones, and gold."
PUA.                                   RAABSARIS-[ Rab-say —ris, ] grand
Was of the tribe of Issachar, and        master of the eunuzchs.
the head of the family in that tribe
called the Punites.  Num. xxvi: 23.   RAnsaRIs was one of the servants
of the  king of Assyria, cassociated
PUAJH, 1.                              with Tartan annd Rabshakeh in sendWas of the tribe of Issaehar and ing an insulting and blasphemous
the father of Tola, one of tle Judges message to King lH e z e k i a h.  2d
of Israel.  Jud. x: 1.                 Kings, xviii: 17.




AIAB               [3O97]              HAC
RA B S HA K E H- [Rab'-sha-keh,] to speak in the Syrian language, as
Clap-becrer *f the vrinice, clhan- they understood it. But labshakehll
berlain.                        spoke the loudor in the Jea7ws' lanIRABSIAIEH was one of the princi- guage.  The people were instructed
pal generals of Sennacherib, the king by their kiing not to lanswer rtabshaof Assyria. We have an account, in koh, and they did not. " They held
2d Kings, xviii, of Hezekiah h, the their peace and answered hin not a
lking of Judah, imakilg an effort to word."  Thus the conference  ended,
shzake off the yoke or the king of As- and -ezekiahl's representatives resyria. Sennacherib invaded his king- turned to him. God understood their
dom  and took the fenced cities of cause, and Judah was delivered, for
Judah, and then besieged Jerusalem, the destroying angel slew, in the camp
the capital. Hezekiah had sent a of the Assyrians, one hundred a2n
message to him, asking him to desist, eighty-five thousand men.
with the promise that he would pay
hil  any tribute he  would impose. RACHEL —-[Ra-ehel,] ca sheep.
He accordingly imposed a tribute of  RBACHEL was the younger daughter
three hundred talents of silver and of Laban and the beloved wife of the
thirty talents of gold; but he violated patriarch Jacob. When Isaac called
his agreement and still warred with Jacob unto him  and confirmed the,
Hezekiah. Sennacherib sent Rab- blessing that had been pronounced
shakeh with an insulting and blas- upon him, when lihe supplanted Esau
phemous message to the king of Ju- his brother, he charged him to go to
dah. It was in effect:  "Speak ye Padan-aran, and to the family of his
now to Hezekiah.  Thus saith the uncle Laban, and take a wife of his
great king, the king of A s s yr i a: daughters-and he did so.
What confidence is this wherein thou   After a long and fatiguin  journey,
trusted?  Thou sayest, I have coun- during which  he had his ladder
sel and strength fcr the war. Now, drleam —and entered into a special
on whomu dost thou trust that thou covenant with the God of his fathers,
rebellest against me? Now, behold in which he pledged h i m s e 1 f -to
thou trustest upon the staff of this give to God the tenth part of all lihe
bruised reed-even upon Egypt, on should have if prospered-he arrived
which, if a man trust, it will go into safely in the suburbs of t h e city
his hand and pierce it. So is Pha- where Laban dwelt.  -lHe saw three
raoh, king of Egypt, unto all that extensive flocks of sheep in a fieldtrust in himl."                     where was a well that afforded water
Rabsbhakeh insinuates to HIezekiah for watering the-sheep. 1He saw some
that he had offended Jehovah in re- men near the well, and he approached:moving the high places and breaking themz, and entered into conversation
down the altars, cutting dcown the with them. He asked who they were
groves and breaking in pieces the and vwhere they  lived.  They anbraze n serpent, thereby depriving the swerod him —when he asked them if
people of their religious rights. He they knew  Laban the grandson o-f
added to this another insult: " Were Nahior, they told him they did. 1He
Ii to gi've thee two thousand Assyrian thenl asked theim of Laban's health;
horses, couldst thou find riders for they answered, "I-e is well;" and then
tbemi?  I-ow, then, canst thou think they  proceeded  to  say, "Behold
of being able to stand against my Pachel his daughter cometh with the
imaster in war?"  He addcldc  yet to sheep."  She was probably then ini
this insult and injury by trying to sight., and Jacob the wearied traveller
make the people believe that God ha.ld looks for the first time up on  his
departed from Israel and had becolme beautiful kinswoman.  The lovely
allied with the Assyrians. And in maiden approaches the well, being in
order that this speech might hlave the charge of her father's sheep, and seeeffect upon the people to stir them up ing the stranger standing there she
to sedition, Rabshaklch  made it in the probably wondered who it was. BeJews' language. Eliakim, and Shleb- f'ore he made hillmself known unto
nab, and Joah, who represented Hez- Rachel his cousin, he assisted the
ekiah in this conference, asked him  shepherds to roll off the stone from




tAC                 [398] RsAH
the well's mouth, and watered the all their stuff.  It may be as some supflock for her. I-e then told her who pose, that her object in taking them was
lie was, and in the simple and pure to breaRk up a system of idolatry that he
method of primitive times " he kissed had established in the use he made of
Rachel and lifted up his voice and these images.  Or it may be that she
wept." She lad no doubt often heard thought their flight would be detected,
her father Laban speak of Rebekah and the direction they had taken would
his sister, and the extraordinary cir- be indicated in some way, by these
cunstances under which she left Na- gods that he was in the habit of conher in the charge of Eleazar, to sulting, and she wished her husband to
become a wife for Isaac. As soon as succeed, in his endeavor to get away
RIachel learned who he was " she ran from their father.
and told her father."  Soon Laban   When  Jacob was about to meet
was at Jacob's side, giving him strong Esau, his brother, and was in dread lest
evidences of his feeling for him as he was yet angry with him  and would
his nephew. And Jacob became an destroy him, lihe showed his partiality
inmate of Laban's house, and a memu- for Rachel and her son by placing them
ber of his family.                   as the last in the train. G-en. xxxiii:
It was not long after Jacob arrived 2.  " And le put the handmaids and
in the family of Laban until his affec- their children foremost, and Leah and
tion was kindled toward Rachel —and her children after, and IRachel and
that affection ripened into thoughts Joseph hinderniost."
of marriage.  As he had come to   Shortly after Jacob arrived in his
MLesopotamia to procure a wife, it is own land, Rachel died at Ephrath. She
likely ihe thought of Rachel from the had given birth to a son, and named him
time he first met her by the well and Benoni, the same was Benjamin the
assisted in watering the flocks, until youngest of the twelve  lpatriarchs.
Laban a ske d him  what wages he Because of her death and burial at
should pay himi, he said, " I will Ephrath, which is Bethlehem, the city
serve thee seven years for Rachel thy has been called the city of Rachel.
younger daughter."  The agreement When Christ was born, or shortly after
was mlade and the service was per- it, as by the edict of Herod the young
formned, and though Jacob was sadly children were slain. It is said, "In
disappointed  by  a fraud practiced Rama was there a voice heard, lanmentaupon him in giving him the older sis- tion and weeping and great mourning,
ter, Leah, yet in a few days he was Rachel weeping for her children, and
made the happy husband of Rachel would not be comforted, because they
also.                                are not."
After the marriage Rachel w a s
greatly troubled that she was not blessed RAGUEL -[Rag'-u-el,] shepherd or
With children, as her sister Leah was.    friend of God.
And she gave Bilhah, her handlmaid to  RIAGUEL, or REUEL, was the fatherJacob to wife and claimed her two in-law of 1RMoses. Ex. ii: 18. After
children as her sons, namning them  Dan M'oses had helped the daughters of
and Naphtali. But afterwards Rachel the priest of Midian to water their
bare a son, the illustrious Joseph who flock, "lthey came to iReuel, their fabecame governor of Egypt, and the de- ther."  -Ice asked them  how  they
liverer of his fathers fomily.       came so soon, and they answered that
When Jacob had been greatly blessed, an Egyptian Iad helped them.
and his flocks and herds had increased,   The name PRaguel occurs in Num.
hlie determined to go back to the land x: 29. Moses' fathher-in-law is called
of his father and to tlhe home of his Jethro in Ex. iii: 1, and F-obab in
youth, with his wives and children and Judges, i: 16. [See Hobab, Jethro,
all his substance.                   and Renel.]
Rachel in the preparation for departure, which preparation was unknown  RAHAB —[Ra'-lhab,] proud, strong,
to Laban committed an offence in steal-  quarrelsome.
ing her father's images, and she man-   R A H A B was a Canaanitish innaged to hide her theft, when Laban fol- keeper in the city of Jericho, who
lowing, overtook themll  and examined received the spies thlat Joshua sent




RAII                [399]               RAIland concealed them  from  the gaze apostle Paul reckons her among the
and knowledge of the citizens of Jer- ancient worthies who had faith in
icho. "And they went and came into God, and was imoved by that faith to
a harlots house,  named Rahab, and receive, and entertain, and deliver the
lodged there."  Josh. ii: 1.         spies. Heb. xi: 31: "By faith the
There is no evidence  that this harlot Rahab perished not with theia
wom11an wMtas a bad woman, or a prosti- that believed not when she had retute. VWe have frequent allusions in ceived the spies witth peace."
the scripture to women where the   Ralhab, then, was an inn-keeper in
term harlot is not used to designate the city of Jericho. The spies, when
theim  as wicked and lost to virtue. they entered it, took particular notice
As, for example, in Judges, xvi: 1: of the mode  of approach to it-its
"Then went Sampson to Gaza, and fortifications and strength, and the
saw there an harlot, and went in unto best plan  of besieging it.  Having
her."  This woman was probably an Iade all the examination that they
inn-keeper at Gaza, a n d Sampson, c ou l d without being suspected as
while there, s t aye d at her house. spies, they went to the house of RaAgain; the two women who camle to hab to tarry for the night.  They had
Solomon for judgment relative to a been observed as they entered the
dead and living child are called lar- city, and though not suspected while
lots. Ist iinogs, iii: 16.  They wvere engaged in niaking their discoveries,
probably inn-keepers.                yet tfhey were afterwards suspected,
But had Rahab been a woman lost a llnd come men of Jericho gave into virtue it is not at all probable that formnation to t h e i r king, and. exthe spies, who  v we re men of high pressed their s  spicion   to him;
standing in Israel, would have lodged whereupon lie sent to Rahab a n nd
with her.  They were men who were commanded her to bring forth the
in favor with God, and had the confi- two nen; probably for examination
dence a n d regards of Joshua2, the as to their business in the city, what
leader of Israel.  They felt the ilr- point tley hailed frorm, &c.
portance of their commilission, and re-   As scoon as the command reached
alized that tiheir errand to Jericho at her sche secreted them  temporarily,
that tiime was fraught with intense and prevaricated by telling those who
interest to themn and to their nation. were in searel of the spies, that they
They would not have periled their w            ere gone, and urgedl them to pursue
own interests a  nd'the interests of after them at once, make no delay, for
Israel by going where the curse of they should  overtake theml.   This
God wa.s, or endeavoring to secure falsity on her part is by no means
the co-opera3tion and Lelp o-f a wicked justifiable. God could have accomviolator of sacred laws. But there is plished the work of their deliverance
another strong reason for supposing without it. "Evil is not to be done
PRahab to be an honorable  womuan, that good may coime of it."  This
and engaged in an honorable employ- was a stratagem  of her own, and it
nelnt.  The spies agreed to show  succeeded. For the men hurried in
kindness to her a nd her father's pursuit as they thought, of the spies,
house; and afterward, when Jericho to the forcds of Jordan. When they
was taken and razed to the ground, she were gone, Rahab removed the spies
and her father's house were preserved to the house top, and covered the.m
alive. She was honored with a place witlh stalks of flax, lest others should
among Israel; nay more, she was mar- come and insist on s e a r c h i n11 g her
ried to a prince in Israel, Salma, house, and so fincd them.
ePnd becarue the m other of Boaz,  IRahab then expressed her belief to
which Boaz was the great grandfather thelm plainly, that Israel would conof the illustrious kOing of Israel, quer that city and thie land of CaDavid.                               naan. She then asked them to swear
Thus we observe this woman of unto her by the Lord that they would
Canaan adopted by the nation of Is- show k i n d n e s s unto her and her
rael, andc1 appearing in the genealogy father's house, and, said she,'give
of our Lord JesLs Christ.  Her hus- me a true token."  IRahab believed
band was one of his ancestors. The in their God, and in his power to de



RAI                  [400]               REB
liver the country of Canaan into their by 3Moses as a spy of the land of Cahands.  She desired her own safety, naan, for that tribe.  Numb. xiii 9.
andcl the safety of her father and mnother, and her brotlhers and sisters. R E B E K A I-[Re-bek'-ah,] fct,
The spies then entered into a solemn       quarrel, acqpeasect.
covenant with her. Theypledged their   ItBE KAI I w.A:as  the  daughter of
lvvcs for her deliverance, and the de- Bethenel, of Nahor, a city in  the
liverayn:ee of her father's house, if she country of Mesopotamia.  She becazme
-rema, ined faithful to her part of the the wife of the illustrious Patriarch
agreemena, "not to make known their Isaac, the son of Abraham.
b1siness."  She then let them down   Whllen Abraham  was one hundred
by a cord from  the window, outside ancl forty years of age he called unto
the city, her house being upon the himn his faithful scrvant Eleazar, f-or
town wall, and they obligated her to the purpose of sending him  on the
fLsten a line of scarlet thread in her mnission of procuring a wife for Isaac,
wirndowr  and so designate her house who was then about forty years of age.
from  all others when they came to Gen. xxiv: 4.  I-Te bade the ruler of
destroy the city. She was also obli- his house go to his former countr^y, and
gated to lhave her father and mother, take a wife of his kindred for Isaac.
taid all the members of her father's Eleazar accordingly made ready and
household at her house. As soon as went to the city of Nalior. He  saw a
they were gone from  the walls of the fountain or well outside the limits
city to the mountains, wxhere -they of the city, and tarried there a short
owre-o to hide themuselves for t lhree  time to rest.  Being very anxious for
dars, Rahab bound the scarlet line in prosperity in  his errand  he prayed
the window, where it remained until earnestly for'"good speed," and while
Jericho was b e s e ig e d and taken. he was praying Rebekah, the daughter.nd the same two ien who were the of Beth-lel, carle out from  the city
sp-cs, and were hid in rahab's house, wvith her pitcher upon her shoulder to
adci mcre delivered by her stratagem, draw water from the well.  As she apat tile command of Joshua, went into proaclhed Eleazar left his camels and
her house, and finding that she hadc ran to meet her and said, " Let me, I'ithfull7y observed the  agreement be- pray thee, drink a little water of thy
t-ecn them, brought her and all her pitcher."  He desired the use of the
f'hthber's house out, andc placed theim  pitcher to dlrw water from the well for
in the charge of israel.  Joshua gave hinmself and  also for his camnels.
lher canid her father's farmily a dwell- Pebekah was very kind and said —for
ing in Israel, as soon as they could be she knew  the traveler was fatigued
purified alnd prepared for citizenslhip. with his journey —" Drink, my lord, and
If, whien -lnahab was a woman of I also will draw water for thy camels."
Jericho — a Caunanite, she believed  Eaaving said this she hastened and let
that the true God was on the side of down her pitcher upon her hand, and
thle Hebrews, and her faith led her, gave the stranger to drink, then watered
as the apostle tells us, to receive the hlis weary and thirsty camels. This was
spies with peace, we may s  p poe an  exlhiblition on her part of pure
f'rorm  the position to which she at- fiiendship.  Eleazar, confident in his
aineCd, that her faith in the God of own mind of success, because the Lord
the H-ebrews increased until she be- was thus  prospering  him, a s k e d
camse aL noted woman amlong thell.    Rcbekllah of her kindred, and she told
him.  She then invited him  to tarry
RAIM —Elevaled, who rejects.          that night at her father's house, assuring
Was the son of Hezron, and the him  there was room, and moreover
father of Amininadab.  He is re- plenty of straw aud provender for the
ferred to in the genealogy of David, camels. If Eleazar was confident that
fromn P h a r e z, the son of Judah. the Lord was blessing hinm with success
Ruth, iv: 19.                         when he met her, and she proposed to
give him  drink, and water his ten
RAP1HU-[Ra'-uJ] cured, com,-forted. thirsty camels. how much more confiWas of the tribe of Benjamin, and dent must he have felt, when she told
thle father of Palti,. who was selectedl hima whose daughter she was, and in.




REB                [14011               RL r EC
vited him so cordially tostay that night 1i-ere we learn of RLebekah whliat we
at her father's h-ouse.                have learned of Sarah-th at shle "was
All, little did the attless and beauti- fair to look upon-a beautiful woman;"
fuil maiden of Nahor think, as she and Isaac was afraid that the Gerarites
waited upon the stranger, and received would be so chlarmed with her beauty
at his hauds the presents of an earring that they would desire his death;
and bracelets of gold, that the camels hence, he charged her to claim the reshe had watered, andcl the man froml  lation of sister to him, though previous
whomr  she had received these gifts, to their marriage they were only couswould the next day bear her away from  ins.
her father's house and kindred, and her  IRebekah exhibited many cscellencies&
native country, to be the wife of one during her life with Isaac, but we can —
she knew not.  But so it was.          not sly she was without faults.  1-Tcr
Eleazar was int-roduced by Rebekah attachment to Jacob beyond her attachand soon made known the object of his ment to Esau, may have bccn a fault,
journey, and he procured the consent as also her management to procure the
of the family, and the promise  of birthright may Ilave b e c n a fault
Rebekah to go with him the next day. though undoubtedly the divine purposo
Gen. xxiv:  58.'And they called regarding the descendants of the two
Rebekah and said unto her, wilt thou was thus brought about —" the elder,
go with this man?"  and she said, " I shall servo the younger."  tsaee, her
will go;" and on the following morn- honored husband, buried her imperfecing, attending the stranger she began tions with her body, in the cave of
her journey toward her new home, with Maellpelah; ancd Jacob learned with
the blessings of her kindred upon her. deep sorrow of her death, and no doublt
Isaac, it may be, was expecting the on his return to his own country, visitod
return of his father's  servant firom  the family vault where her remnaiis:
tMesopotamia with  a wife for himn; were rlouldering.  Gen. xlix 3.
and on the evening of the day of his
return, he was walking in the fields IR E C H A B, 1- [Re' —kab,] squae-,
meditating. What the sulkjeet of his       chariot, rider.
meditation was we are not informed —    lECIr-An, and his brother Baanah,
it may have been the bein$g and attri- were the sons of himmon tihe Beerothbutes of God, which nature at eventide ite. They were captains in the army
so be a u tifully develops.  But lie of Ishbosheth.  It may be that Ishbochanced to lift up his eyes and saw the sheth kept mnarauding parties, and that
camels coming. Just about this time, these two men of Benjamin were in
Rebekah, raising her eyes and looking charge of two such bands. But when
ahead saw Isaac, and asked Eleazar they heard that Abner was dead, they
who it was: "What man is that walk- conspired together to-slay their master;
ing in the field to meet us?"  He an- and they came to the palace about noon,
swered that it was Isaac.  She quickly or in the heat of the day, with an invailed herself, and alighting from the tention of slaying the king. They encamel was introduced to Isaac by Elca- tered his bed chamber fei'ning business.
zar.                                  for their master, thiat their lesigns
Thus these two remarkable person- might not be suspected.  E-e was probages for the fiist time look upon each ably asleep when they approached him.
other.  They are at once united in Tlhey smote him and cut off his head,
marriage according to the ceremonies and then bore it away to Hecbron to,
in use in patriarchal farmilies.  "And show it unto David. They caime into
Isaac brought her unto his mother's the presence of David with the head
tent, and she became his wife, and he and showed it unto him, unlder the full
loved her."  Rebekah was honored in conviction that lie would approve their
being mother of two noble sons, Jacob conduct.  In this they were mistaken,,
and Esau, who each became the head for no sooner had they mnade their reof a great and mighty nation:         port than David condemned them, and,
As it was with Abraham, so it was ordered his young men to slay them and:
with Isaac.  He went to Egypt to so- cut off their hands and their feet, andl
journ because of a famine in his own hang them up over the pool in Hebron,.
land, and he dwelt awhile in Gerar. because they had slain a righteous man;
26




JEG                 [4021;              RBEi
in his own house.  IDavid compared the grievous service of thy father, and
their conduct to the man who brought his leavy yolke which he put upon us
him intelligence of Saul's death, think- lighter, and we will serve thee."  ieing he would be rewarded, and charged hoboam asked ior three days to eontheml with a greater crime in killing sider it, when he would give them  an
Ishbosheth.                           answer. He consu-lted with the aged
men who lad been his father's counRECHAB, 2 —Square,- chaarot,, rider. sellors.  They advised him. to agree
iRECHAB was the father of Jonadab, to make thoir service lighter, and their
whose descendants attended faithfully taxes less; by so doing he would soon
to a solemn charge of their father never get the affections of the people, and
to drink  ine or strong drinkl, nor to they would love him  as their king-.
build any houses, but to dwell in tents He then called.. together the younger
and feed cattle.. They kept this charge  men of his counsellors, and consulted
so faithfully that when they were tried with them.    he y cadvised hilm  difby pots full of wine being placed before ferently.  They toldc him to tell. the
tiem  three hundred years after, and people that he iintendcd to load them
they were rlgeCd to drink of the wine, with far more griovous burdens, and
they utterly refused.  The Lord appro- punish theni much nmore severelythlhan
bated them for their refusal, and proill- even 1ws  ather hacl done.  T le y
ised to reward them by ever prescrvn g counseled lminm to say: to  3{y little fintheir family.  See Jona-dab, or Jehona- ger sh1all ba thi;ckei  than my father's
dab, Jer. xxxv.                       loins.'iy father did puLt upon you a
heavy yoke, but [: will pult upon you a
PEEHOB-[Re'-hob,] breaIdt 7, extentt. heavier  one  He chlstiCed you with
RElI- on was the father of H-adadezer, wvips, -ip tt I will chast'ise you with
t he king of Zobah, who was snitten by scorpio."   Corkingthe sensible
David afier lie had conquered the Phil- advice of the old lmen, he took that
istL.nc  and the  -ioabites.  2 Samuel, of the youngelr, and the consequence
viii: 3.                              was tlhC ten tribes rebClled under Jerobeoamr.   ThermVe Vr: e  eubien, Simieon,
BUOBOAAi —[R-e-ho-bo'amj,  who  Ephraom,   ionfantsseh, Dan, Zebulon
sets the people ct liberty, spcce of an.t I ssaclar, N  p h t a 1 i, Gad and
thle people.                      Ashe.  The cry was raised throughIEHOBOAM was the son and suc- out the whiolo kingdoma: "We have no
eessor of Solomon. 1st Kings, xii: 1, portion in David, and no inheritance
and 2d Clhron. x: 1. His mother's in the: son of Jesse;: to your tents,.
name was Naamah, an Ammonitess. 0 israel!."  TlhLt part of the children
1st Kings, xiv: 21.  He was by no of Israel that dCwelt in the cities of
means a wise man, as was his fauther,  Jucdah alone  continued with Rtehoand we may well suppose that the wise bonam. Wheon they went off thus in a
instructions of Solo1mon to him were  body, Pehobo"m  sent Adoram  after'
lost.  The Proverbs contain wholc- themn to induce them to return. As
sotme lessons from a father to his spon, AdoramL  was the superintendent of
but PIehob1oam, as his life and reign the tribute, he probably went after.
proves, broke over those restrtaints  hem demanding of them their usual
and refused to be governed in his life tax; but- in the stead of answering to
by them. He was crowned king in his call and returning to Pehoboam,
Shechen, and commenced his- reign they killed  Adoram, and the king.
there. Jeroboam, the son of Nobat,, himself fled hastily to Jerusalem for
had been unfriendly to Soluomon, but the sake of his own life; and the ten
whebn   1ehoboamm was mnade king, re- tribes took Jeroboam andcl mde himturned from Egypt where he was. I-e king, while the two tribes of Judah
approached the king with a request and Benjamin clave unto Rehobloanl
fror thle people, that hc would relieve and acknowledged himl theirking.
them  from  the heavy burdens that   King Rehoboam then gathered to-..
had been laid upon them by Solomon, I gether an army of one hundred and
his father.  Their language to himl eighty thousandchosen warriorsto fight
was: "Thy father made our yoke againslt the revolted tribes, and subdue'
grievous; now, thereIbre, make thou them.  The prophet Shemraiah spoke~




RIEll              [4031               REP
the word of the Lord unto the king,   Rehoboam made brazen shields in the
disstmdirg him from the attempt, He stead of the golden ones that Solomon:gave up the enterprise, and discharged had left in the king's house, which had
his army, and the soldiery returned to been taken by Shishak, and carried
their hom es.  I-Ie then set himself to into Egypt. These brazen shields were
work to strengthen his kingdom in the used by the king's guard, when they
way of fortif'ing the cities that were in attended with him in the temple, and
it. The principal cities that he forti- such times as these shields were not
fled were Bethlehem, Etam, Tekoab, used, they lay in the king's arsenal.
Bethzur, Shoeba, Adullam, G a t h,   We are informed that there "was
A1anshah, Z i p h, Adoram, Lachish, war between ]Rehoboam and Jeroboam
Azekab, Zorah, Aijalon and Hebron. all the days of his life."  By this we
He furnished each of these cities with may understand there was a continual
a sufficient number of men to protect spirit of hostility kept up between the
thel, and placed provisions, arims and two kingdoms. There were skirmishes
amamunition in them. We are informed between bordering parties, but no open
that the priests and Levites that were in war, for that was forbidden by the diall Israel, resorted unto Rehoboam, and vine being. When k in g RIehoboam
for three years after the revolt of the gatherel together one hundred an d
ten tribes, the kingdom of Judah was eighty thousand of Jucludal and Benjaprosperous, for the king and his sub- main, he thought a war would be justifijects followed the fLord.  But after able, but God would not allow it, hence
that Rehoboamn became wicked and his lhe disbanded them.
people b e c a in e idolatrous.  They  Rehoboam reigned seventeen years,
abandoned the worship of the true God, and died, and was buried in the city of
and gave themselves up to all kinds of ]David, and Abijah, his son, became-his
enormity and wickedness. They made successor. Ist Kings, xii: 14, and 2d
statues and idols, erected idolatrous Chronicles, x: 11-12.
altars, they made groves, and built
high places, ande ven appointed women REMPIFAN-[RRem'-fan,] the name
as public prostitutes.  1st Kings, xiv:  of mn idlt, which some t7ink to be
21-24.                                    tuatnrn..
The God of their fathers was angry   It is thought there was a king of
with them and he permitted the king Egypt by this name, who, after his
of Egypt to invade their land.  Shi- death, was worshiped; for Remphan
shak, the king of Egypt, entered Jcru- was an idol god. Remphan is referred
salem and ravaged the city. He took to in connection with IM o-l o ch, b y.possession of the treasures of the house. Stephen, in his address before his perof the Lord, and the treasures of the secutors and murderers. Acts vii: 43.
king's house, and all tlhe shields of "Yea, ye took up the tabernacle of
gold, which Solomon had made.       Moloch and the star of your god RemFrom 2d Chron. xii: 5, we learn that phan, figures which ye made to worship
Shcmauah, the prophet, approached them."  Chiun is supposed to be the
the king and his princes, and told theim same, and is mentioned in connection
why the Lord had delivered themn into with Moloch, in Amos, v: 26.  " But
the hands o f their enemies; because ye have borne the tabernacle of your
they had forsaken him. Accordingly Moloch and Chiun your images, the star
they humbled themselves before the of your god, which ye made to yourLord. Because they did hunble them- selves."  A deity was worshiped in the
selves, God had mercy upon them  and form of a bull in Egypt, and the Hesaid, "I will not destroy them, but I brews, it may be supposed, had some
will grant them some deliverance, and reference to the Remphan of Egypt
my wrath shall not be poured out upon when the golden calf was made and
Jerusalem by the hand of Shishak.   worshiped at Sinai, while Moses was
Sometime after this the Egyptian upon the mount.
conqueror left the country, and i{ehoboam and his people restored the king- REPJIAEL-[Ree-fa-elI.]
dorn of God, hbut the reformation was   Was the son of Shemaiah and grandnot thorough and complete, for they son of Obed Edom, and one of the
broke not down the high places.     sacred porters. 1 Chron. xxvi: 7.




REJU                [4041                REU
REU — is friend, his shepherd.           When Joseph became ruler of the
REvU was the son-of Peleg, born unto land of Egypt, and Reuben with his
him when he was thirty years of age, brothers went there to buy corn, the
and at the age of thirty-two had Serug lord of the lmad treated them roughly, 
born unto him.  Gen. xi: 20. He was and demanded that they should bring
a descendant of Shem, who was the their youngest brother Benjamin downlineal ancestor of the Messiah.  Luke, into Egypt, They had all been kept
iii: 35.                              under guard three days, during which:
tire they had thought of their cruelty
REUBEN -  [Ru'-ben,] who sees the to their brother Joseph in selling him,
son, vision of the son.           and they said, one to another, " We are,
verily, guilty concerning our brother, in:
REUBEN was the eldest son of Jacob that we saw the aniguish of his soul
by Leah. Gen. en. xix: 32. It is said when he besought us and we would not
Leah, " called his name Reuben;: for hear him; Iherefore is this evil come
she said, Surely the Lord bath looked upon us..:' Reuben then remembered
upon my afiction; now, therefore, my the efforts hie had made to save his
husband will loveC. me."              brother,. and to prevent this reproach;
WAV.en Reuben  was a small boy he they now felt. RI-e Tsaicl unto them,
found mandrakes in the field in the "' Spake i not unto you, saying, Do not:
time of wheat harvest, and brought sin against the child, and ye would not,
them to his mother. These his mother hear? Therefore behold, also his blood
sold to Rachel.  Gen. xxx: 15.        is required.7'  Gen. xlii:- 21, &c..Reuben grew up to be a man, and   WheCnn  heey  returned- unto their
when about forty years of age he father and told him that the Lord of
grieved his father greatly by offering the land of Egypt demanded to seec
the grossest insult to one of his second- their younger brother, Jacob was un —
ary wives, Bilhah, the handmaid of willing to let Benjamin go. Reuben,
Rachel.  Gen. xsxxsv:22.              as the elder sonl, then acddressed his
Reuben, being the eldest son of Jacob,- father,. urging him to let Benjamin go
was entitled to privileges and blessings and he eaid "' Slay my two sons if I
that did not belong to the others; and bring him- not to thee;  deliver himz
it is probably safb to say lhe had more into nmy- hand and I will'bring him to
right to complain of Jacob's partiality thee a.gain;" but Jacob utterly reto Joseph than either of the others. HI-e fused. At length necessity demanded
saw Joseph's coat of mlany colors, and that they lhave more corn, and Jacob)eheld his father's demonstrations of af- sent him down, we maay auppose,. nuder
feetion for Joseph day after day. IHe the charge of BReuben and Judalh.
heard Joseph relate his drea ms which   In Gen. xlix, we have an account
indicated that he should be first of of Jacob's death, and his blessing'
them: all-that his father and all his upon his sons, in which he gives
brethren should bow down unto him. p r o ph e t i c declarations concerning.
He does not seem to have harbored as their posterity.  As- Ieuben was the
strong feeling against Joseph as the eldest,. he is the first one to whom
other brothers. When the others were Jacob addressed his dying language;
disposed to murder Joseph, he did all it is contained in the 4th andt 5th ver —
in his power to keep them  from  it. ses: "Peuben, thoue- art my first-born,
He proposed that they should cast him  my might and the beginning of my
into a pit and leave him  there to die, strength, the excellence of dignity,
and, not stain their hmands with his and the excellency of power; unsta —
blood.  He really intended as early as ble as water, thou shalt not excel,
he possibly could, to rescue Joseph and because thou wentest up to thy fasend him home to his father.  While ther's bed, then defilest thou it; he
Reuben was away his brothers sold went up to my couch."  In this lan —
Joseph to  M~idianitish merchants. guage he refers to Reuben's birthWhen he came back and found that right and the dignity and blessing thati
the lad was gone he was deeply affected, belonged to it; to his forfeiture of it
and "rent his clothes; and he returned in the sin referred to-or the transfer'
to his brethren and said, The child is of it to the sons of Joseph.  That
not; and I, whither shall I go'"     the birthright was given to the sons



IREU               [14051                REU
of Joseph we have evidence in 1st half tribe, one hundred and ten thouChron. v: 1, "for he was the first- sand five hnndred and eighty. Numborn; but forasmuch as he defiled bers, xxvi.  And yet whene these
his father's bed, his bir'th'ight was tribes  a.de up their army to go over
given unto the sons of Joseph, the Jordan, there were but forty thousand
01son of Israel."                     armedmen.  If they'were not reduced
The sons of Reuben were Hanoch, in nmnber, there would have  been
Pallu, Hezron and.Carmi, who were seventy thousand five hundred and
each of them hie a d a of extensive eighty men left,beiind., which we may
faLmilies.  Numbers, xxvi: 56.  The suppose was more than was necessary
fam i l i e s of I-anochites,  Palluites  togucard the women and children, and
T-ezronites and Carmites, tlheir huim- thei stuf, -especially when we conbar as given is forty-three  thousand sider that the people of the land were
seven hundred  and thry,; and this panic stricken by the successes that
vwas a much smaller nuymber than the israelites had over them.  Josh.
when they left the land of Egypt, for iv: 13.   Though Joshua does not
then their number of figOhting men charge tliem with failing to furnish
11I          ~           bu'  Li th
amIounted to forty-six thousand five tnmer quota O  wsarnnors but on the
hundred, and they were under the contrary, at the close of the war, he.command of Eleazar, the son of She- blesses them and dismasses then whenc
deur. The great agrmly of Israel was they return to their inhLeritance, and
divided into divislons, and in their to their fa m i 1 ia.  Joshua, xMi.
marching the tribe of RTeuben with After they retianed they builded  an
Simeon and Gad form-ed the second altar by the side  of Jordan. When
great division, and they mamrched just the other tribes heard of their altar,
before the ark.  The spy that Moses they sLuspected that they had built
appointed for Reuben was.Sham  ua, the altar for idolatrous worship, Lence
the s o n  of Zaccur.  Dathan and they prepared to go to war vi th them.
Abiram who, along with Korah, re- But they first sent ad a p u t i o    to
belled against Mos  and _aron, ee    erin  the faces in the case. The
of the tribe o0 Reulen, as was also Reubenies,, Gadites, and the half
On. Nunm.xvi: 1.  We have an ac- tribe of ilpnaseh, received the depucount in Nm mbers, xxxii,of cthe Raeu-  tation, and'explined  to them  the
benites and Gadites cominn  to IMoses reaIone thei bul'di       n    g the atar.  Inand asking hi  to give thel' their in-  stead of ldesignig  to become idolaheridance on this side oa0  Jordan.  troam, this was to prevent it.  They
M1oses  expostulmed with theia and made  a nob  cedefnse, and the deputarepr-oved them for makingi the request tion ret-nrned to report that they were
because it was calculated to discour- satisfied that their bretfhren had not
ag arael  from l going over to possess done wmrongS, and all Israel praised
tZe land on the other side of Jordan. the Lord.  n Dent. xxxiii: 6, there is
They  explained themselves-they a prophetic declaration regarding the
wanted an inheritance in which theyy riLe  of  aenben. "Let him live and
could build houses etc., and miake an    d not die, and let his men not be
their wives and children comfortable, few."
then they would go over Jordan with    The Reubenites were not able to
the other trilzes as warriors, and.after send warriors in the time of Deborah
the cocnque st was made and the land to assist Bara k against Jabin, king of.subdued  they would return to their Canaan.  From the song of Deborah,
~families,.~ we may suppose that they had divisMoses agreed to this, and gave them  ions aamong them, and hence could
their inheritance, or e o mu n an de d not heartilyjoin with the other tribes
Joshua and Eleazar, on the condition and possibly they were suffiering   fromi
named, to give it to them   Whether foreign invasion, and could not leave.Ihey and the half tribe of M anasseh their interests, "for the divisions of
were fully true to this promise and Reuben thre were great searchings
covenant or not, we cannot tell cer- of heart."  The other tribes seemed
tainly.  The last census that had bean to feel unensy wvhen they found that
taken of the tribes, would make the RT e u b e n  did  not join with them.
warriors of the two fdil tribes and the Judges, v: 115.




REP                  [406]                Ri-iO
D ring the rcign of King Saul, as hired Tilgath-Pileser, king of Assyria,
we learn frolam    s t Chron, xii, they, to help him, and he invadcd  Syria, and
witu1r the  Gadites  a nd Of-.:sites, cotnc eiAng l tezin's army slew him, taknuambered very largelly. Oa,, h  o  s e  ing   amascus and crrying the eople
that rallied to David and assisted in captives to Kir.  isa. vii:  8, gives us
his coronation, thern  were o- them  aIn accotnt of his joininig _Teahi against
one hundrLed and tnnty thousand. Ahaz, and  he was commnissioned to
Therne  rTO sceveral mlpor-tant persons comfort Ahaz as the rerse meieiative of
of the tri'be o o e u  be noticed, amiong David's family, and dleclnre that Rezin,
whL0om Eliezer, the ormn of  ici, Zii,  ho should be deblroycd.
was their gover-nor, and Al;nLL tlhe
son of Shza, who was one o:   od's REZON-[Re-zon,] Zean,  e c r e t,
grea-  neon..  1':t Cl-ron. xxvii: 16;      pr'tc e o.
1st C@hron. xi 42.                       itazon was the son of Eliadah who reDuring t he remgn of JeroboamL the, volted  from  Rladadezer  his master.
coomoylr     of the  it ubenites was 1ra- fH  v-a a ca'pren of the, 3yrans whenaged by Hlazcl, the kngf   of Syria. David dy: cated.  it the timlm  o the
It is said, in 2d I\ tng, x' M' "'Ha-  deib-at  of Hda-hizer,  Rezon oescaped
zaet smoite tcm ian all the cos3s,3 of  rith the comlplny h1 ~ commnanded, and
IsPacl, aIino e1 J nordam ocaLVTLard all the li-ved for some time, it is isupposed,  by
land of Gilcadl tfe C1Cadites, the eo- u pl iUne.   At flegth hL  Eiuzed DPnmasantecs  and   the   ianfa""sittes;  fromn  cu, iand made himself kinem, and reAroer wich is by the  ivelr  Arnon, rsnited  ling  toee until Lanvsd tookl
venU Giead  and Basha     n."  In!st poes:seni c  it. As David conquerlcd
Chron. v, ve have the gnenology of Sya, Rezon  was driven fioem  it.  But
Reuben givnc, as ao oa Gad,  -in        -  St  i   oi'monl, deepartura from1n  Cod,
Ivak.fO'-" ens  xpO' 3e  Othose ta  O tuLbes  Raota L.r ed that God wats not with
an1d the half tribe of MLanasseh.  We cr tae  and her ki ng, ai in the da..ys of
have an account Of thetir umtl:ng into David, and ie ca mne up against Solomlon
ido latry, anld of their captivity by the and recove-re  Damnaseus., In Ist Iings,
Assyrians. Pul and Tilg'at-h-pilneser xi: 25:     And he was in aadversury to
conqcnload t.eI ci, aM d cr-tied -t hcen  to Israecl all the day3 ofi S-ol omon.   lCcrl'e
Ha!l1,, and tinabor, and Ha-fa, sup- we havle th, ~ ffilelLnont of God's threatolsed to, oe in the "nort heast part of ening,D, by Nathan the prophet. "' if he
the Assyrian L1npilce.                  commit iniquity, I will chastise himn
with the rod' of men, and with the,
PT.U     PlS lI/g_ — [Rtmah[1 l0oft,y sublime. the stripes of the children of men."
RB-nTi was the concutine or second 2d Sam. vii: 14.
Wife of Nahor, bAj raLaha's brother.
eor name occurs in GCn. xxii: 24, and  HI-:TODA —[R o'/alah] a cc ose.
her relation Nto Nahor is tgien for the   RHODA was one of those who were:
first time Nwitt the  act that she was the at the house of I ary on the memora-,
motihe of the following named- sons of ble night that Peter was released from
Nalhor:  Toebah, I d  hca G am ana  udcl TI — prisoni by an angel.  There. were enhash, and.Macoahe,                    gaged in prayer to Gocd many of the
disciples at this house.  As soon as
REZIN —ERe'zin,] voluntey,,   rzrner.  the aposde vwas leCd out of pr-ison, he
REZIN was a king of the Syrians, co- made  his wnay to the residenrce of
temporary with, and a confederate of JI ary, and knocked  at the door of the
Pckahl, the Iting of Israel, in a war with gate.  "And a danasel named Rhoda
Alaz, the king of Juctl. Ile was came to hearcken."  At7, xii: 1. It
probably a descendant of Htazael, and seetus that Peter S po k e, and thati
tho last of the kings of ancient Syria. Rhoda recognized his voice.  No won2 Kings, xvi: 5D  The khing of Israel der that she knew it, for shehiad often
and Icnzl were unable to. take J orusa- heard it. She had heardt hix pray
letn, but they ravaged the country; and ipreach, andcl with the other disciwhen Roezin with lhis army returnrdc-d. to ples she had intense anxiety as to his
his own conuntry.  But sometime after welfare.  Whxen  she  hear d  Peter's
this, Rezin's army again plundered the voice, she did not stop to open the
couirtry, and Aliaz, the king of Judah, gate, hbut raun into the house and told1




RHIIO               [40711               RUF
the company that he was at the gatte.   Eizpah was grae:Jy grieved at the
They did not believe it,'or they knew  loss she sastamned in the death of her
he was in prison abut se insisted two sons. It is hardly plossible to read
upon it that itwas Jtcer, for she knew  the accoumnt of their- being thus sacrihis voice. They ]began to feel that flced, and of her naternal affiection,
they must ctedi't Rhoda, for she was without dcop-ping the tear of sympathy:so confident. iJrt they saidl; " t is with her in hler sorrows.  She "took
his angel."  Peter cont-inae-d knock- sackcloth and sprdac it for her upon
ing', and at lest they let him. in, when the rock from the beginning of hlarvest
he nformeld them how he ha-d escaped  until water droplJed upon them out of
the prison.                           heaven, and suffered neither the birds
of the air to rest on them by day, nor
RIiPI-AT  — [: i'-fath, ] remedy, ye- the beasts of the field by noight."  The
Ieccse.                           probability is that this poor brokenWFas the second son of  omer, and lhearted mother watched these bodies
the grand-son of Jaghelth.  Ilis bro- for several months before the periodical
thers were A-hkenaz and Togarmah. rains came on. Xhnat a sad and mournGenesis, x: 3.                        ful employment for a lone woman-a
widow and childless-froml the beginRIIZP1 1-I [.-[iz-lpab,]/ becd, exeansion, n ing of early harvest until the autlumn
coa.                            1rains 
_A  All was a second viie of Saul,
the iirnst I'  of JsraeL  S0he was the ROilAM{[TI-EZER —[RPo-mnam/-timlotlers of _Amoni and i'ephibosbeth,     e/zer ] exuzcttion of help.
tihe sons: of Saul, and was th  dalughter  IRonaTsI-E-,ivzt was one of the sons
ot Ai. 2d S-am. xxi: 8. Soon after of Heoman, and when the lots were cast
David was mlade kin'la  in Hebron Llh- and the singers were  divided into twenbeoseth, the Eon of Saul, charged Ab- ty-four courses, the four-and-twentieth
ncr, the captain of his host., with inl- lot came to himn.  1 Chron. xxv: 31.
proper  familinrities with Pi-lzaJl, who
hKad suwiveed Saul.  Abner, whet-her iROSH —ZThe heac', the egdinindg.
guilty or not, became angry abt the son   Ros-r was one of the sons of Benof Saul,  and made arrangements to jamin, and was numnbered with the
transfer the interest of his masteF's f eimily of Jacob who -ent clown into
kiangdom  to David, and would have Egypt. Gen. xlvi: 21.
done it had he not fallen by the mur.derous hand of Joab.                  RUFUST,    1 —[R'-fi s,] red.
Late in the reign of Kin.g David
there ias a faminie that lasted for three  Itu Lvus was the brother of an Alex-.
yveaer;- in succession.  2d Sam. xxi: I: ander, and they were both the sons. of
i'Then there wras a famine in the days Sinimon the Cyrenian, whomsi the solof David, tlree years, year after year. " diers that were taking Jesus to CalDavid became anxious to know the vary, met, and compelled to bear the
cause of it, and enquired of the Lord. cross for the fainting Savior.  Mark,
I-e was in-Firmed that "it was fbr Saul xv: 21.
and for his bloody house, because he
slew the Gibeonites.'"  David then en- PIUFUS, 2-Red&
quired of the Gibeonites what would
mnake atonement to thenl for the in juy    L3-ruFus was a disciple of Christ in
done them by Saul. They replied to the apostolic age, aiid endeared to the
hirm that they wanted not silver or gold apostle  Paul, who  salutes him, Rom.
of Saul or of his house, but they xvi: 13, in the following language:
wanted seven-men of his sons to be ce- " Salute Rufus chosen in the Lord
livered unto them  that they migbt and his mother and mine," from'
hlang them in Gibeah.  David agreed which some have supposed that Rufus
to give them seven of Saul's sons, and was related to Paul; but probably he
he cid. Two of them were the sons of intended to say that the natural moRizpah, and the other five were the ther of Rufius had been as a mother
grandsons of Saul, as the sons of Mi- to him, or in her kindness to him,
cbhal, is daughter.                   had filled the place of a mother.




RUT                 [408]                RUT
RUTI — FVilecd, scatisfie(.             How disconsolate Naomi would have
been, had she been traveling alone, for
It is thought by some that this she was leaving three graves of loved
woman was of royal blood as the daugh- ones behind her in the land of Moab.
ter of Eglon, the  King of Moab; but Though she left Judah vigorous and
this is mere conjecture.  For her his- happy, she was returning with a care
tory we refbr to the book of Ruth. She worn brow, furrowed cheeks and sad
was a Moabitish dainsel, who was mar- visage.  She was alone.  No not alone
ried to Mlahlon, the son of Elimelech either, for the affectionate Ruth was
and Naomi.  She appears endowed with her, pleasing in person, winning
with all the virtues and charms of true in manners, kind in actions and words.
womanhood.  It imay be that her ten- Day after dany, as they traveled on, their
der affection and sympathy to Naomi affection for each other increased until
and her sons, when bereft of the hus- finally they reached the city and entered
band and father, her watching by the its gates.  Itt may be they rented an
couch of pain, and ministering to the hunmble cottage and poorly as it was
suffering and dying Elimlelch, was furnished called it their home, while
what led to the undying affection that Ruth labored daily for their support.
afterward existed  between  her and   They had come to Bethlehenm  in
Naoimi.  Arid it may be that the the beginning of barley h a r v e s t.
womanly virtues she developed was the }Ruth, addressing her mlother-in-law,
reason why Naomi selected her as a sail: "Let mle now go to the field,
wife for her son.                     and glean ears of corn after him, in
She was married to M5ahlon, but he whose sight  shall find favor."  She
soon died, and she was left a widow, desired to go out as a gleaner, and
and not long afterwards the husband of Naom sai unto hlier: " Go, my daughOrphah died also, so that the famiily ter."  Accordingly she went.  Now it
consisted of three widows.  Naomi, in was her fortune in her ramblings to
ler bereavement and sorrow, determined be found gleaning in that part of' the
to return friom the country of Moab, to field belonging to Boaz. And as lihe
the land of Judah, and accordingly in- was passing along fromi the city to the
formed her daughters; they saic  " we fields wvhere his men were reaping, he
will alsogo withthee."  She dissuaded saw  her engaged in her work, and
themiz from that, or attempted to; with looked with a degree of interest upon
Orphah she succeeded, but with Rtlth her, wondering in his own mind who
she could not. While Orphah kissed it was. eI-er miodest bearing, flushed
her mother-in-law and pareld with her, cheeks, fl o w i n g locks, and her
Ruth "clave unto her," and utterly re- womanly adcress, won his admiraltion,
fused to be parted from her. She said and when he reached the reapers, he
"Entreat me not to leave thee, or to asked them: "' Whose damsel is this?"
rethurn from  following after thee; for They told him it was the  x'oablitish
whither thoun goest, I will go; and damsel that came back from the cotlwhere thou lodgest, I will lodge; thy try of 3'loab with  Naomi.  B o a z
people shall be my people, and thy Gdc thought of Elimelech, who was his
my God; when thou diest, I will die, kinsmnan; of Naonmi, who had passed
and there will I be buried."  She then t'hrough cdark providenees, and of the
confirmed her purpose by an oath of two sons who had died,  e a v i n g
the'greatest sanctity and importance widows, of which this woman was;amongst the daughters of Israel, viz: one; and lie thought of this woG anll'
"The Lord do so to me, and more also, tenderness and care for Naomi, and
if aught but death part thee and nie." addressing her, he said: "-Ieataest
The mind of Ruth was fully made thou not., my daughter; go not to glean
up to leave her own land, and friends, in another field, n e i t h e r go friom
and wealth, (if she was heir to wealth,) hence, but remain here fast by nmy
and the false gods that were worshiped maidens.  I have given  commlandby the Moabites.  She wished to share ment to the yomung men that t ley shall
in all the storms and trials that might not touch thee, and when thou art:break, and spend their fury upon Naomi, athirst go and drink of that which the.to whose interests she was so unflinch- young men have drawn."  Itutlh -was,ingly devoted.                       astonrshed at this kinduess, and asked




BIUT                [4091               SAL
why it was.  H-1e told  her he had refe-ired to in the posterity of Shem.
heard of her kindiness to Naomi. But Gen.:x: 24-.
the affection of Boaz increased for
her.' Hle reached her parched corn SALMON - [Sal'n-monl    p~ev-eaize,
and'she did eat."  He comamanded cl        fefct, tha7t rewcads.
the reapers to let some handfuls fall   SQALMON was of the descendants of
on purpose for her, and bade her re- Judah by Pharez his son. H-e is remain in his fields through the hlarvest. corded in the genealogy of David as
She did, when she claimed of him the given in Buth, as the son of Nahshon
protection and obligation of a kins- and the faither of iBoaz.  Rluth, iv:
man.  He acknowledged tLhe correct- 18, 22.  And in  the genealogy of
ness of her claimu and gladly set him- Christ as given by Matthew, i: 5, he
self about consununating what in all is said to have begat B ooz of" Rahab
probability he had been meditating-  or Rachab, fioml which we learn that
marriage to ler, for he had learned to Salmnon lmt iced the Canaanitishb innlove the miodest, industrious and ae- keeper —and thus connected her who
complished Ruth.                      had hid the spies with the honorabfle
Soon she became his wife, and found tlribe of Ju'Lih.
in h.im a gentle and loving companion.
She res~ed on the arm  and bosom of a S ALOiVE-  [Sa-lc-me. ]
generous and noble man, and felt her-   SALO:HE was the wife of Zebedee, and
self more thanl comipensated for her the mot'her of James and John.  She
sacrifices in leaving her native land was one of the hoey women that foland kindred, and in a stria.ge country loed oeur Savior0, and ministered unto
stooping to the service of a menial, him during his travels and labor. She
and performllng hard labor1 for weeks made a strange and foolish request of
as a gleaner, to support herself and Christ, indicating her ignorance of the
her  inother-in-law. B o   z claimed nature of the kingdom he was about to
her as his wifTc. She becamnle  the lmo- establish on earth. That recuest is rether of a son, and that son was the corded in M att. xx: 21. " She saith
graud-Iather of David, the king of unto hirn, grant that these, my two sons,
Israel. Ruth, iv: 22.                 may sit, the one on thy right hand and
the other on thy left hand, in thy kingABTA.                                donm."
K   S A B.T At was the third son of   Just before Salome made this request
Cush, 2and thie gxandson of H-1am. He Christ had taken the twelve disciples
is supposed to havLe settled in Arabia. apart, and told them, in a feeling manGen. x: 7.                            ner, of his approaching sufferings and
death. He had told them that lie was
SABTEcA-L Sab-te'-kahj,       t It a t abont to be betrayed into the hands of
sa,rouncdS.                      the chief priests and scribes, and would
SAOTE CTA  was the fifth son of be condemned to death. That in the exCush, and is supposed to have settled eceution of his sent'cence, the Jews would
with his family in tlhe east of the Per- deliver himh to the Gentiles, " to imock
sian Gulf — for there are said to be and scourge and to crucify him."  And
some vestiges of t'he name in various yet Salotme made this request of him.
thino's %ovl'  by travellers.  Genesis, But it is quite likely that she was not:x: S                                 altogether to blame in making it.
From1   the presentation of this cirSACERIt.                              curestance, Mark, x: 35, it would seem
SACER was the fourth son of Obed that- the sons themselves led her to
Edom, and one of tIhe sacred porters. make the request, or rather, that they
1st. Chron. xxvi: 4.                 nmade it through their mother.  Christ
recognized it as their request, as is eviSALAH -- [Sa -lah,].:7issic*n. da~,l;  denOt ffrom his answer.  "Ye Iknow not
accordi~ng to the Syfictc, t ha t what ye ask. Are ye able to drink of,sp2.oils.                       the cup that I shall drink of, and to be
baptized with the baptism  that I am
SALA]II was thle son of Arphaxed, baptized with?"  And when they anand the grandson of Shein, and he is swvercd him  4we are able," he said




SAL                [410]               SAM.
Y'~e shall, indeed, drink of my cup, peared to Manoah's wife, who had not
and be baptized with the baptism that I been blessed with children, and inam baptized with."                   formed  her that she should be the
But while Salosme w a s expressing mother of a son, who should be a detheir wishes, she was also expressing liverer for Israel out of the hand and
her own. It was her desire that her power of the Philistines, who had betwo sons, James and John, might oc- gan to oppress them, and she was
cupy important positions i n Christ's  furthe r instructed to keep herself
temporal kingdom.                    from  everything unclean.  She wa"s
Salome was present when Christ was also infornmed that the child should
crucified, though with other women, be a Nazar;ite from  his m ot her' s
standing some distance from the sum- womb. She went to her husband and
mit of Calvary. They were sufficiently informed him that an angel had apnear to witness thle terrible scene. peared unto her, and hacl told her
Matt. xxvii: 55: "And many women1  these things. He became very anxwere there, (beholding afcr of; ) among ions that the angel should a p p e ar
which were Mincyv Miagdcalene and'Miary  again, insomuch that he prayed for i'.
the mother of James and Joses,,and The angel did appear again to the
the mother of Zebedee's children."  It woman, and she ran and told her husis impossible for us to imangine the feel- band. Mianoah went at once to the
ings of these pious women, and the place where the angel appeared to the
strong sympathy for Mary, the mother woman this second time, and he reof Jesus, whose soul a sword was now peated unto him  the declaration he
piercing, as Simon predicted.        had made to her. Judges, xiii.  [See
Saloeme was one of the women who Mtanoah.]
went to the sepulcher,  early on the   Samson was born, and the scripture
morning of the first day of the week, account of him is, that "he grew and
with spices and perfumes to embalm  the Lord blessed him, and the spirit
thebody. MIark, xvi: 1. "And when of the Lord began to move him  at
the Sabbath was past, Mary IMagda- times, in the camp of Dan."  By this
lene, and Mary the imother of James, we may understand that when Samson
and Salome, had bouglht sweet spices, was quite young, his mind was being
that they mlight come and anoint him." developed, and at times he showed an
This good woman was true to thle mlas- uncommon bravery; while his body
ter while he lived and labored among' was endowed with s u p c r n a t u r a 1
men. She was true to himn when he streng-th. His parents, clwelt between
was put to death;  visited his grave as Zorah of Esthaol. We have an acearly as an opportunity afforded after count of his going to Timnath, and
his burial, ancd was one of the first to beeo ming acquainted with a woman
receive the first evidence of his resur- that hle desired' to marry.   Ie rerection, viz' an eaipty sepulcher.   quested his parents to procure her for
him  for a wife.  They at first obSA3TELAH —[Sam'l1iah] r-cinent, his jected because she was a woman of
ilcft ha'ld, his gCazce.         another nation, and enemies to their
_Vao a ki, ng of Edom, who sue- nation.  BUt he was so intent on it,
eceded Ha dad. lis place of resi- that his flther and mother thinking
dence was Mt1asrekah, where lie en- it might be from the Lord procured
tered upon the dutlies and honors of her for him.
the oiece. C en. xxxvi:36. And he   3Ianoah and his wife accompanied
was succeeded by Saul, of Rehobeth. SaLson to Timnllath, to consummate the
espousal. On the road Samson turned
SA'S5ONi-]Sam'son,] his sun, ac- aside and a lion roared againstl him
cordinq to the /riactc, his service, threatening to destroy him. He had
here the seconad tfoze.          not even a staff in his hand to defend
SAMsorN was the son of rBanoah, a himself with. But the spirit of the
]Danite.  His birth is announced in Lord came upon him, and he took
Judges, xiii; 24: but there are some hold of the lion and rent it as he
things renmarkable regarding this per- would a kid, then passed on his way
son irecorded before we have his birth following his father and mother, but
announced.  The angel of God ap- he told them. not what he had done.




SAM                 [411]               SAMI
The parents h a v i n g accomplished lried her to one of his thirty comwhat they wanted to, went to Tim- panions.  Samson not knowing that
tath and afterwards returned home, her father had given her to be the
and Samson with therm.                wife of another, went some time after
Some time' after this, Samson went to visit his wife, when her father told
there again, to consumeate the marri- him. that he had supposed he had forage, and his parents went with him. saken her, and hated her, and hence
On the wa-, he turned aside to see the lhe gave her to his companion.  But
carcass of the lion, and, to his aston- the father proposed to give him  a
ishment, there was a swarm of bees, younger daughter to be his wife in the
and honey, in the carcass; and he stead of the other. Samson was distook sonme of the honey in his hands, pleased and determined on revenge.
and went -on eating it, and gave to his He, there'fore, went forth and el'l;Cght
father and mother, but yet did not three hundred foxes —which anluals,
tell them  of his having killedl the we may suppose were very nuimerous
lion.  The marriage feast was pre- in that country; and fastening thein
pared according to the custom of that together in twos hle put a fireobrand
age, and they began to enter into its between them and sent them   n'-o the
enjoym3ents when Samson put forth a standing corn of the Ph;ilistlnes and
riddlce to the thirty coimpanions that  among the shocks into wh.Lch in lhlesr
had beeCn brougni him, w1ith th7 agree- fright they would run to hide. The
mlet, on his part, if thevy ioundc it out corn being ripe caugh t fire an d soon
duTing  the fea, hle  od give then the otanding corn  anId the s-iocks wcre
tihirty sheets and thiLty changes Co  consumed. But thnis was not al'l the
gUrmenti,   and 1if ley tailed, were to injury done, for thei vineya'rds  and
give hilr the same.                   oliveyiards Vwe r     also ctestoyed.    AS
Thley theQn b,ade haim put forth the s o o n as the PhiistUines ascrt2anecd
riddle and he  did a  follo-,s:    Out who I Ld done this, and that he lad
of tle elter ca-nc forth meits, and out done it becausoe oG the injury aund inlof the swtrong came  frth- sweetness.  sult le hIad reccced in connection
They studied  over it thlre  lays and vitL  hi's marr isage,  th-e rPiaistlne3
could net e-pound it -they then Gcame then went up and l burnt  CO
to Saonro' wib and"t urgedl he to tell wife and he- father  rit-lh fise.   -ec
theml,  thhreatening to burn her anci told them, after they had thlus crmlly
her itther'    i lan-ly with fire, if she murdercd  hi. we aincd i ther-in-law,
did not procure i-nbrm-aton for tthem. that he weld be further avenged on
She aceco'di'gly entreated Sampson to them  for it.  "Ad he smote themi
tell her, ibut he would not, notwithl- hip and thigh with great slaughter."
standing   her entreaties  and tears.   After thnus avengin'g  inhimselfcle went
Ile told her he hlad not told his father cdown to a rock called Etam —probably
and mother.  On the seventh dly, a flrtified  place —and dwelt there.'as she lay sore upon him," he told When the Philistines found he was
her —she  then told them, and they, in there, they invaded the country and deturn expolmunde  the ridle. He knIew  manded of Judcah that lhe should be givfu 11 well that they hscd infrimed e1l up to them that they might punish
themse-lves through ho? wie. and he hims as their destroyer. They thought
chGarged it upon thenm,  if ye  ad not it would be better to deliver him up
ploughed 1with  1y heifer, ye had not than  to enter upon a war with' this
fund lout mly riddle."  The spirit of people.  Accordingly three thousand
the Lord the~n came upon Samson and of them went up to the top of the rock,
hoe went to Askelon anid killed thirty and they told Samson thaot they had
Philistines, andi took their spoil, and come to bind hinm and deliver him to
gave thirty sheets, and gave change the, Philistines. IHe asked theml if they
of garmuents to each of the thirty would enter upon an oath that they
companions one.  HI-e thought his would not kill him themselves if he dewiie had  dealt treacherously with livered himself up to them. They
him, and he left her and went to his I vowed that they would not harn him,
father's house, not intending to aban- but simply bind him and give him to
don his wife altogether; but her fa- them. They then bound hin with two
tbar did not understand it, and mar- new cords and brought him from the




SAM3                [412]               SAI
top of the rock and delivered him up. lords c ame to her and demanded that
The Philistines were very joyful when she entice him  and ascertain where
they found Samlnson was in their hands his great strength lay, and how they
and power, andc they began to shout might prevail over him'. They promand exult against him. Just at this ised each of them to give cleven huntime the spirit of God camne upon Sam- dred pieces of silver. This she underson, and the cords with -which the mlen took to do-loving the money more
of Judah had bound him were snapped than she loved Samson.  D e li 1 a h
asunder as though  they were burnt pressed hi   to to ell wh e r e i n his
wvith fire, and the bands were loosed strength lay, and how he mnight be
froom  his hands; and seeing the jaw- bound to afflict him.  He told her if
bone of an ass lying near him, he took they b o u n d him  with seven green
it lip and Loegan to kill the Philistines withes, that were never dried, then he
with it. Hoe went on slaying one after should be weak as another man. She
another until he had slain a thousand called the lords of the Philistines and
men with it.  I-Te then broke out in told them.  They brought her the
triumphant song, saying, " NVith the withes, ad sle boIund him with them
jawbone of an iass heaps upon heaps; and told him. the  Philistines were
with. the jaw of an ass have I slain a upon him.  "He brake them  as a
thousand men."                        thread of tow is broken, when it
Having  periformed this wondevrful touchet-h the fire."  She urged him
feat  e tihrew doowan his weapon; and as again to tell her, and tell her the
the excitement of the engagement died triuth. He told her to bind him fast
away he blcamle thi'rsty,- and began in with new ropes that were never uned,
his thirst and faiutness to think, after and he would be weak as another
all, he wrould perish. IHe prayed hum- maan. She did so, and upon trying
bly to the Lord to l1lp himl in his ex- him, as in the former case, the ropes
ftremity, and he did, by miraculously proved of no avail.  She then refilling the hollow place in the jawbone preached Snumson with telling her lies,
with water.  Samson drank of the wea- not only in the I1La2tto1' 0  the great
ter and was revived, and comrmemo- secret of his strength, but in mocking
rated the event by calling the fountain her. He then told her to weave the
En-hiaklIore, i. e. the well of him that seven dcivisions  f his hair or the
cried, while the place was called Lehi, locks of his head, with a web. She
oer Hamoth-Lehi, i. e. the lifting up of did so, and   iastLencd it with a pin,
the jawbone. Judges, xiv and xv.      then said: " The Philistines be upon
The next account we have of Sanmson thee."  He awoke friom his sleep, and
is, hlie is at G-aza, boarding at a house wentv away with the'pin of the beam,
of public entertainment.  When the and the web.  She then charged him
Phlaitines heard that he was there, vwith lying unto her as it regarded his
they thought surely he was in their love. She said, "thine heart is not
power. They accordingly guarded the with me, thou hast mocked me these
house and set watches at the gates cf three times, and hast not told nme
Gaza, with instructions to kill him as wherein thy strength lieth."  Samson
le went out, in the morning.  But with all his strength of body, shows
about midnight lhe rose up and started himself to possess a very weak mind
out. The closed gate was no V rrier to in being influenced by her as he was,
him, for lie tore it down and carried for his soul became vexed, and withthe posts and doors with him to the out seeing that it was Delilah's intentop of the hill Hebron, or a hill on the tion to ruin him, he made known to
road to HIebron.'her the great secret, viz:  That his
Not 1 o n g after t h i s he became strength lay in the preservation of his
strongly attached to a woman in the hair, as a Nazarite; there was his
valley of Sorek, whose name was D)e- strength  and  security.  When she
lilah, and it is likely he married her. found that lie had told her the secret,
Whether she was a, woinan of the Phil- she called the lords of the Philistines
istines, or a daughter of Israel, is not to come up once more, and they come.
known. It is said " he loved her."    She then caused Samson to sleep upon
As soon as the Philistines knew of her lap, and she cut off his hair as he
Samson's relation to Delilah, their lay s lee p in g.  She then began to




SAM                 [4131               SAM
afflict him, and his strength went from  tllou hlt 1 e was coteaporary with Ell,
him.  Soon the  Philistines ruml ed i        f omtre probably julcgded  in the iribe
up on Lhim, and apprlheicnding lim, of Dan, on the  dorder of the Philisthey put out both his eyes, and taking' tine country, only.
hiin to Gaza, they put fetters of br1assl   -fter lie was buried in the ruins of
upon him, and. madce him their slave, the Dagon temple, his rela ties of - he
and compelled him  to grind at their trlibe of Dan took his body from the
corn mlill.                           ruins acnd carried theim to the iformer
Thus he continued for a year, when recsidence of his father, and where he
his hair  w as again of considerable was born and raisedl, anC they buried
growth, and his strength beggan to him  betw on Zorah and Eshtaol in
return; and on a festival during' which the ifmly bnrying  pace of M' ano ah
they offered sacrifice unto their God Jud. xw-i.
Dagon, who they said had delivered   With all hi iaults andfailigs SamSansion, their enemy, into their hands. son had excellencies, and tlhle spirit of
ncld in the mnidst of their feast, they inspiration under the New Testaiment
called for Saimson to be brought rolm  dispensation ref'ers to hlir arnong the
his prisonlhouse, that they might de- ancient worthies who had fait-h in
ride hiim, and compel him  to make God. Heb. xi; 32, 33. There he is
sport for them.  They accordingly mentioned with Gideon, Barak, Jephbrought him  to their temple, and thah, David and Solomon.
they set him between the pillars of
the temple. The various apartm-ents S A BI J[UEL - [Sam'-u-ei,] heard or
of the building were thronged with        asked of God.
delighted speetators. Sanson could   SmAiuEL, the prophet and judge of
not see them  but he coulcl hear the Israel, was the son of Elkanah and
bustle of the multitude, and the in- IHanniah. For an account of the result-s they were heaping upon him. inarkable circumstances connected with
IHe asked the Philistine that lhad him  his birth, see Elkanah  and I-annah.
in charge, to let hiin feel the pillars His parents devoted him to the service
whereon the house stood, that he of God. As soon as HI-annah, his
night rest himself upon them-. -  e mother, weaned him, she took him to
was granted his recluest, and Ihe lifted Shiloh and p l  a c e d   him  under the
his heart in prayer to his God, saying, charge of Eli.  This priest was very
" RenembDer me, I pray thee, and old when Samuel was placed under his
strengthen rme, I pray thee; only this charge, and the ctchild, while very
once, 0 God, that I may be at once young, 1m1inistered unto the Lord before
aveinged of the Philistines for my two Eli. There was no prophet in those
eyes."   He then took hold of the days-no accredited prophet-to whom,
pilla.rs, the one with his right land as in after years, the people m1ight go
and the other with his left, and aasked to have difficult matters settled, and to
of his God that lie might die with tihe receive open visions of revelations firomn
Philistines.  He then put out his God.
strength in lifting these central pil-   One night, while Eli was sleeping in
lars, and tore them  from their place; his apartneen t, near to the plaee wh1ee
and the whole temple fell with a crash the ark of God was, and the child Samupon the nulit-i;udle, the consequence ucl near him, if not in the same apartof which was, several thousand of ment, under thle same roof, while the
thenl died with Samson.  There were lamp of God was still burnig, the
three thousand men and Ywonmen in Lord called  to Samuel.  He, thnliing
and about the temple; and the ae- it was Eli, ran to hinm and asked him
count tells us that in this slaughtler, what lie had called himn for. The aged
Samson killed  more than lic  had priest said, "I called not, my son; lie
killed in his lifetime.               down achin."  Samuel was called by
Samson was a.judge of Israel for the Lord a second time, and lie ran to
twenty years.   A We are not certain as Eli, confldent that he hacld cilcd him; -
to the precise time that his mtagis- 1ut lie told him lhe hiad not calle-d
tracy commlenced, or when it closed, him, — to lie down again.  A  third
or over how great an extent of coun- time the Lo r d called hil., and he
try he exercised it.  Miany have reported himself to Eli.  The aged




SAMI                [4141                SAM
priest suspected  that the Lord had entreated Saramauel to pray for them.
spoken unto him, and bade him  lie ITHe did so, and offered sacrifices to
down, andif the heard the voice again, to God, anld he helped them, fIor God
say, "Speak, Lord, for thy servant confounded the Philistfnes i-dthi thunheareth."  The voice called him again, der, and they fled beobre the Israelites.
and he followed the directions of Eli. Samucl acknowledged the deliverance
The Lord then informed Samuel that God had wrought out ior them, and
calamities were about to fall on Israel, built a monument to perpetuate the
and that the family of Eli should sadly memory of it, calli  it Ebenezer, i. e.,
suffer. When the child Samuel came hitherto  the Lord hath helled us.
into the presence of Eli, he requested Samuel then became a judge in Israel.
him to makL known unto him the say- 1st Samri. vi and vii.
ing, of the Lord', which he did, but not   Samuel had  two sons, Joel andcl
without some reluctance.  It is said he Abiah, and he appointed them as his
told Eli every whit, and lhid nothing helpers in his old age. Like the sons
from11 him.                           of Eli, they were wicked and umworSamuel continued  with Eli, and thy of their father.  It is said: "'is
probably had many revelations made to sons walked not in his way, but turned
him, which he made known; for it is aside after lucre, and took bribes and
said "Samuel grew, and the Lord was perverted judgments," insomuch, that
with him, and did let none of his words the elders of Israel complained to
fall to the ground."  And it was not Samuel of theml, and they cane to
long until all Israel, fromn Dan to Beer- him, asking that their forLn of goverTnsheba., understood that Samuel was a ment be changed.  They said: " Lake
prophet of the Lord.  1st Sam. iii.    us a king to judge us like all the naWhen Eli died  Samuel succeeded tions."  S-amucl was displeased at this,
him as judge of Israel.  The ark was their request, but he consulted the
taken by the Philistines in the battle Lord in prayer as to what he should
in which PI-ophni and Phinchas, Eli's do, and the Lord bade him  hearken
sons, were slain; and it was this sad unto the voice of the people, charging
calamity that brought a b o u t Eli's it upon them  that they had forsaken
death.  After the ark had been seven him, and were weary of the divine
months in the land of the Philistines, governient; but at athe same time,
they consulted their priests about send- Samuel was directed to warn the m
ing it back to Shiloh. They advised what manner of tyrants they would
them to send it back on a new cart have to rule over them,  They would
drawn by two milch kine. The calves be obliged to serve their king in wars
of these cows were to be confined, and- -to serve him in his household, and
if the cows in drawing the cart were to to bear heavy taxes for the support  of
take the way of Beth-shemesh in going his government.  They persisted howto the Israelite border, then the Lord ever in hav-ing a king. 1st Sam. viii.
had afflicted theml; but if not, their af- Samuel was then directed to anoint
fictions, that had led them to think of Saul, the son of Kish, to be their
sending the ark back, were accidental. king.  IHe found Saul on a search for
Tho kine went the way of Beth-she- the asses of his father, for they had
mesh, and the men of that place com- strayed away, and he invited him to
mitted error in curiously looking into dine with him, and he intimated to
the ark, and were smitten by the Lord. Saul that he was to be king in Israel.
They becanme alarmed, and sent to the They communed torgether on the top
irnhabitants of' Kirjath-jearimn to come of the house, ancd wvhen Saul was about
and fbteh the ark away.  Samuel as- ready to start  home to his father's
sembled the people on the occasion, house, Samuel attended him  to the
anct warned them to put away their idols outskirts of the city. He told Saul
and return to the Lord, and they should to bid his servants pass on before
be delivered. He bade them meet him  him, that they might have a secret
at MIizpah; then he appoired a sol- counsel tog e t h e r, and he did so.
emn fast, during which they confessed Samuel then took a vial of oil and
their sins and mourned beobre the Lord, poured it on his head, and kissed himil
The Philistines came against them  as the Lord's anointed.  He then told
in battle, and they were afraid, and Saul that when he reached Raclhel's




SA M                [415]               SAM,,epulher in the border of Benjamin, him  sharply for it.  Saul took Agag,
he would see two men who woutcld tell then kig, a prisoner, and saved the
him that the asses of his father were best of the spoil. When Samuel refound, and that lnow he was the object proved hin., he tried to justify his conof his father's search; andt farther, duce  but the prophet convinced l him
when ho canme to the plains of Tabor, that'he hacl done wrong. Samuel then
he should neet thluee men going up to calls for Agag, andc as he came deliBethel, one of them  carrying tlree e cately into his pre:,ence, he said unto
kids, and another three loaves of him, "As thby sword hath macde women
bread, ancl the other crrying a bottle childless, so slmhall thy mothler be childofwine.   e ltocld hlmhow theywould loss among w o men.  Andt Samuuel
salute him, and give him the bread. hewed Agag in ieces before the Lord,
He told him  further that when he in Gilgal."  Aiter this Sanmuel went to
caine to the hill of God, he should lRamuai, and no more visited S-ul to
meet a company of proipncts coming council or advise him.  It is true that
down with instrumnen-ts of music, such Saul visitedc Samuel at RIamah, when
as were used in worship, and they David was there, but there was no
should prophesy, and the spirit- oi friendly couiisel between lhim and the
prophecy should also come upon him. prophlet.
AX1l these were to be sig-ns confirnia-   Samuei was grieved because that Saul
tory of the declaration lhe blad made was) disobedient, and the Lord com-forte
to hinm,ts to his being selected of God him  by sending hinl to the house of
to rule over Israel. But this was lnot Jesse, the Bethlehenmite, to anoint
all, for just as he turned from Samuel  his son king, as successor of &aul.
to pursue his wa-y, " Cod gave him  When he went to Bethlehein on this
another heart."                       errand, lhe went there un7der divine
Sarnuel calls the people together at dclirection with sacrifices, that his true
MIizpah.and confirms the kingdlomn to errand Mlight not be known.  taving a
Saul.  He solemnlly eh-llenges tco peo- private interview with Jesse, he asked
ple to accuse hinim, if they could, of any that a5n his sons might pass before
injustice since he lad been their judge. himn. His object was to select the
Tihey acknowledged that th ey could one that was to be king, and before he
not accuse hin.                       returned home anoint him.'When lhe
He t h e ii referred the in t o the  saw Eliab, tho eldest, lie thought surely
mercy of God, as it had been displayed this was the one, but the Lord told him.
to them, and iwarned tlhem lithafully to ibe Nwas not the selection.  The outward
take heed and serve the Lord under appearance was not to be the criterion,
the new form of government, that his "for - od looketh at tlhe heart."  SixX
blessings might b e continued   n t o others passed before him, but neither
them.  He told them  again that they of themn were selected. Sanluellearned
had done wron-g in asking a king, and that David the younger was in the field
as evidence that they lhad done wrong, with the sheep, atnd he sent for him.
they should now have a sign from  He saw at once, as David came, that lhe
heaven. Thoufh it was wheat-harvest, was the one, and lie sought an opportaand thlmder and rain seldom happened nity, probably in company with Jesse
at that time, yet there should be a only, to anoint the lad as Saul's suestorml that dsay, to testify to God's dis- cessor. After which Samuel returned
pleasm-e. Accordigly' "SanLnel called again to iRatiah.  1st Sam. xvi: 13.
on the Lord, and the Lord sent thun-   Samuel seems to have presided for
der and rain that days."  Samuel then several years over a school of yoa.na
delivered a faithful warning to the peo- men, who were devoting themselves
pie, against apo tacy  from  God's exclusively to the service  of God.
service, and dismissing the people, lie When David fied f:iom the persecuting
went to his house and never afterwards Saul, he went to Ramah to Samiuel proacted as a judge of'Israel. It Samuel, bably to ask his advice as to wha-t he
ix to xs.                             should do; and Samuel thought it best
After Saul had been acting as king to retain himn with him awhile, and he
twenty years, he sinned against God, did so  and they dwelt together at
in hi conduct towards the Amialektes, Naioth.  1st Sam. xix: 18-24. We
and the aged prophet, Samuel, reproved have an account of the death of Samuel.




SAM                 [41CG]               SAP
am11. xxv: 1. I-e was greatly lamented self against Nehemialh  as an open
by all Israel, and they buried hinm in the ellenemy, having tried several methods
tomb he had provided for hinmself at of fraud to prevent the work w ithout
lamalh.                                suceess. iHe tried to secure a conferSamuel was the first of that line of ence with Nehc-mial  in which he inprophets that ended with Malachi. He tended to kill him.  1Hfe then accused
is seemMgl!y the first who established him of rebellion, and afterwards hired
schools for the prophets, a custom that a false prophet against him; but in
con inued at least until the Babylonish all le failec-for the walls of jerucaptivity.  In  his day lie reformed salem were built in spite or Lim and
Many abuses. He was a zealous and. his allies.  Nehl. ii: 10; Nehl. vi.
ardent advocate for true religion.  He Sanballat was of Heoralnai1,  hence
was the last judge of Isrcael, and the called the H-oralnite.
pl-rne inister of the first king.  He
anointed the first and second kings to SAPH —[Safj r..hes, endcz tricsholct.
their offices, and his public and private   SAPt1 wVas of the sons of the giants.
clharaictier vas, without a blemish, and lHe was slain in a battlc tjhit the
in tihis respect his equal is not to be Israelites had rwith the Philistines.
foutnd in modern or ancient history.   Sibbechai the H-usluathite slew him,
The first two books of the kings are 2d Sam. xxi: 18. We do not know
called the first and second books of that he was related to Goliath the
Sa;muel. As it is certain that he wrote Gittite, but he was of the race cf
in a book rules for the government of Philistine giants.
the kingdom, in which rules he pointed
out the duties and privileges of king SAPPIJIR A-LSaf-fi"-rah,] thact Zels,
and subjects. Itis likely he wrotenearly   that writes boohls.
all of the first book of Samuel. All that   SAPPuIRA was the wife of Ananias,
part of it that gives the history, up to an insincere professor of fait:hi in Christ.
his death, of himuself of Eli, and of He was not a true believer, neither was
Saul and his kingdon.  eI-T  is also Sapphira; if sle had been she would
thought to have written the books of not have concurred in the lie that hler
Judges and Ruth.  1st Chron. xxix: husband told the apostle.  They were
29; xxvi: 28; ix: 10. The style of these false professors so ihr as they went inl
two books with the first twenty-four their protession.  They lhad not as yet,
chapters of 1st Samnel is easy and ex- probably, been baptized, but they weAre
ceecdinglyplain.  It has been thought candidates for baptism. Ananias sold
that Samuel typified Christ; and to his possessions, — whatever they conprove this, his supernatural birth has sisted in,-and, with the consent of his
been referred to, his growthl in wis- wife, kept back palrt of the price, "hlis
dom and favor with God, the revela- wife also being privy to it."  Their sin
tions made to him, and the prophecies was that of attempting to deceive —
uttered by hi  wlhen a child. Hle oc- holdinpg back a part of the money, and
cupied  the position  of prophet fbr yet professing to give all up, and so
Israel, also priest, and  judge,  the professing to stand ona level with those
prime muinister of the lking, &cY.    who had given all, when in reality they
reserved money.
SANBALLAT-[San-bal'-lat,] Utsh,  Peter made the charge upon Ananias
or enemy i, secret.              of lying to the Hloly Ghost, and the
SAINBA~L-LAT was the governor of deceiver fell dead at the apostle's feet.
Sam.1aria, tt the time that Nehemiah About three hours afterward this wocame with his helpers from  Persia to man, not knowing  that the deception
rebuild the walls of Jcrusalem, and was detected and her husband was
in companywithl Tobiah and Gesh-am, dead, came into the place where Peter
he was sorely vexed that this work was, expecting, in all probability, that
was going on and the welfare of the the apostle and all present would laud
children Cof israel was sought after. the act, of their selli:g their property
In a contemptible manner lie tries to and putting the proceeds into a comdissuade Nehemiah from  the work. men treasury, and thereby becoming
They accused him of rebelling against benefactors to this faun. But she was
the king.  Sauballat asrayed him-! greatly mistaren.  As she approached




SAP                [417]                SAR
the apostle he demanded of her an an- years, and in a few months Isaac was
swer to the following question: "Tell born, when she in company with her
me whether ye sold the land fobr so husband, dedicated him devotionally
much?"  and she, without any hesi- to God, and afterwards true to her
tancy, ansvweredl with a lie. She obligation as a maother, she directed
thought Ananias was near by and Isaac's feet in moral instructions in
would hear her testimony, according to the pathway of virtue and peace. As
their agreement; but how was she mis- a conseclquence in part, when he grew
taken —Ananias was dead!  And as up to manhood he was a noble specish1e answered Peter, "Yea,  for so men of humanity —a loving atnd dlutimuch," the startling intelligence was ful son-an honor and joy to his mI1ogiven her, Thy husband is dead! 1 God ther in her old age. Ge-en. xvii: 18.
in his anger struck him down with a lie   Sarah was a. beantiful womall, not
upon his lip. Sapphira, t h on  hast only in the estimation of her husband,
committed the same sin, and the same but she possessed a very pleasing perpuinishment is awaiting thee!  And son and was really handsome in the
just as she awoke to the faet that she judgment of others.
was a widow, the announcement was   When Abrahal   l eft Ur of the
made by the apostle, "Behold, the feet C(haldees, to go to Ca(naan because of
of them  which have buried thy hus- a famine in his land, he was led down.
band are at the door, and shall carry into Egypt to sojourn awlfhi'e, and on
thee out."  How solemn and startling arriving there lie charged Sarah tothis declaration! She had hardly time claim the relation of sister to him, as.
to think, when the arrow of the Al- she could do it with some degree of
miglhty pierced her vitals, and she fell consistency, being the  daughter of
dead at. Peter's feet. Her immortal the same father though not of the
spirit joined her husband's-both alike same mlother.  " I know," said Abrawith the stains of sin upon them. ham, "thou art fair to look upon,
Without t i i e for repentance, they and when they shall see thee, they
were hurried into the presence of the will say, this is his wife; and they will
Great God to render their account.   kill me, but thley will save thee alive."
Her dead body was prepared for hlur- And so it was that when the princes.
ial, and by the young men that had of PIharao h saw Szarah, they eomlburied her husband it was carried out mended her for her beauty, and Phafrom  the presence of the apostle and raoh entreated Abraham well for her
those that were with himu, and buried sake. She must have been very handbeside his form. Acts, v: 1-11.      some in early life, if at the age of sixty-five the great  men of Egypt spa>lkeSARAH:, t-[Sa/-rah,] lady princess'of her beauty, and the kinglhimself
of the muldtit'ucie.             desired her fbr his wife.  It was not
SARAll was the wife of Abraham, long until all the truth was mader
the illustrious Patriarch and friend known to Pharaoh, viz: that she was
of God.  EHer name was Sarai when Abrahanm's wif.e, as well as his sister.
married to the son of the same father About twenty-five years after this,.
with her. Gen. xi:.29, and xii: 13. Abimelefech, king of' Gerar, sent and
But her name was changed to Sarah. took her while her husband was soGen. xvii: 15.  "And God said untio journing for a short time there. As
Abraham: As for Sarai, thy wife, she was now ninety years of age, her
thou shalt not call her name Sarai, beauty niust have ifaded to some  exbut Sarah shall her nanle be."       tent, and yet either on aecount of it.,
She was a remarkable womnan, and or the greatness of the man she called
has been styled " chief aimong the her brother, with whom lie wisiled to
wvomen of the Bible."  Sarah was the form  an alliance, lie sent and took
mother of Patriarchs.  Though she Sarah to be his wife. God interposed'was childless until she was aged, yet and she was soon restored to Abraham.,
in her. old age the son of promise was   When Abraham dwelt in the plains
born, "he in whom all the nations of of 3Iamre, as he sat one day at noon:
the earth were to be blessed."       in the door of his tenut, tree weary'
The promise was made her of a son pilgrims  attracted   h is attention..
at the advanced age of eighty-nine They were coming toward him to en —
27




SAR                [418]              SAU
joy for awhile the shade of his tent, is hardly likely, for they are representred
and realize his genuine hospitality. as rulers, while the sons of Naomni,
Going beyond the common courtesy were poor. Their father emigrated to
of that age, Abraham went to meet Mioab, Lecause of famine and poverty
the  strangers  and  bowed himself in his own land, staring him in the face,
toward the ground and entreated them  These two men, Saraph and Joash were
to tarry with him  for alwhile.  As rulers in. Moab. It may be they were
soon as they manifested their willing- the deputies of David.
ness, Sarah united with her husband
-t-o make their guests feel that they SAUL, 1-[Sawl,] demanded sepudwere in the tent of a friend.  She      cherf, destroyer.
quiclkly made ready three measures of
meal and baked it upon the hearth,   SAUL of PRehoboth was one of the
prepared the calf brought by her hus- kings cf Edom. He succeeded Samband, butter and milk, and set them  lah, and was succeeded by Baal-hanan,
before the strangers and they did eat. the son of Achbor. Gen. xxxvi: 37
When she determined to send Ragar her handmaid away with Ishmael, SAUL, 2 —Demanded, sepulcher, deand told Abraham, he was grieved for    stroyer.
he loved Ishmael, and remembered   SAUL was the son of RKish, of the
the promise of God to make his pos- tribe of Benjamlin, and the first king
terity innumerable.  There was some- of Israel.  HI-e is brought to our
thilg harsh to Abrahlam in Sarah's notice in 1st Samuel, ix, just at the
expression, " Cast out the bondwoman time that Israel's elders came to Samand her son, for the son of the bolnd- ucl, their judge, and clelancded a king,
woman shall not be heir w-ith mny son, that they might be governed as other
even with Isaac."   But Sarah was nations were governed.  The young
right as Abraham  afterward learned. man went in search of his fathers
She acted and spake regarding that asses, whiclh had wandered away. He
matter under inspiration.           and the s ervant that attended hhdF,
At the age of one hundred and hunted several days ineffectually for
twenty-seven years she died at I-Ie- theml. At lengththeservantproposed
bron in the land of Canaan. Behold that they ehould consult the prophet
the patriarch of patriarchs as he bends Samuel, who lived not far from where
in sorrow over her failing form, or see they were, who he suggested might,
him when she is dead, weeping over for a small consideration, give them
her cold remains, and asking of the information reg~arding them.  They
children of Hieth a burial place, that made enquiry of somne maidens, as to
h1e may bury his beloved out of his where the seer lived, anLd they disight.  I-Ie makes the purchase of rected him to his house. Samuel had
the cave of Machpelah, with the field called a convention that day, of the
in which it is situated, and there lie chief persons of that place, to a sacriplaced the coffined remains, reserving fice. As soon as he saw Saul he wel-or himself a place in that sepulcher, conled him, and told him  that the
for he wished to be placed beside her lost asses were found. The prophet
in the sleep that is not to be broken treated him very kindly, and in the
until the trump of God shall sound. c o n v e r s a t i o n, hinted to him very
Gen. xxiii.                         clearly, that he would be the king of
Israel. lHe took the hint and obSARAIH, 2 —Lady princess of the served that it was not at all likely,
muZltitzude.                    because he belonged to the tribo of
Was dthe daughter of Asher, and is B e nj a m i n, the smallest of all the
referred to in N um. xxvi: 46.      tribes of Israel, and his family was
one of the smallest families of the
SAIIAPH — [Sa'-raf]                 small tribe. He, however, accepted
SARAPIi and Joash are referred to in Samuel's invitation to tarry at the
1st Chronicles, iv: 22. It is supposed feast, and Samuel placed himz at the
by some, they are characters used to head of the table, and served his dish
represent MIahlon and Chilion, the two very bountifully, thus marking hinm as
sons of Elimelech and Naomi, but this a distinguished guest.




SAU                 4191]              saU
Saul lodged with Samuel that night Jabesh-Gilead were in great distress,
-and they had a secret conference on because that the Ammonites had bethe top of the h o us e. The next sieged their city and offered them the
morning the prophet went with him a most humboling conditions of peace.
short distance, and before they parted They were in great distress, and asked
Samuel took a vial of oil., and anointed a seven days' truce of their enemies.
Saul to be king over Israel, thereby They granted it. And the men of:giving hinm clearly to understand that Jabesh-Gilead s e n t messengers to
he was to be Israel's first king. Ile Gibeah to inform them of their peril.
then gave Saul a threefold token of All the p eo ple  sympathized with
this purpose of the God of Israel. thema and wept, but Saul was in the
First, near Raehel's grave, he shoulcl field plowing, and when lie enquired
meet two mlen, who would informl him  the cause of their distress and they
that the asses of his father were told him, he hewed a yoke of oxen to
found. Second, at Tabor he should pieces and sent pieces into all parts of
meet three men, who were going to Israel, thereby calling the people to
Bethel to worship the Lord, and that arms. He threatened them  with dethey would make him a present of struction of their property if they did
bread. Third, in or near the hill of not come at the call andl meet him
God he should meet a company of and Samiuel at Bezek. He soon had
prophets, and tile spirit of God shoul i an armzy of thirty thousand men oi
come upon hinm, and he would join Judah and three hundred tho-usand
them  in their devotions. All these of the other tribes. It was not more
things as they occurred, were ca!eu- tha-n five days from the call until theis
lated to strengthen the faith of Saul. vast ariuy was marshalled for fight,
in the declarations of Samuel. But and they began their march at once,
when he joined those p ro p  e t s in crossing Jordan, toward Jabesh, to
their exercises, it was said, "Is Saul attack the Ammlonites.  They came
also among the prophets?"  Not long upon their enemy unawares and conafter this, Samuel assembled the pco- quered them, cutting them to pieces.
ple, at Mizpah, and they cast lots as This victory gave Saul at once a
to who should be the king.          strong hold upon the feelings of all
The lot fell upon the' tribe of Ben- the people; and they were now in
jamin, and the family of Jkat.ri, the favor of killing those sons of Belial
household of Kish, and upon Saul of who had formerly contelmned him.
that family. Saul had hid himself Saul, however, was not willing to this.
among the stuif, but they found him  H-le said:  "There shall not a man
and presented  himi before the people be put to death this day; for to-day
as thle Lord's selection. And here it the Lord hath wrought salvation in
is said of Saul that he was fa very tall Israel."  They then went up to Gilman -a head and shoulders taller gal and the kingdom was confirmed
than any other man of tile vast and by Samuel unto Saul, and all the men of
delighted crowd. The people called Israel rejoiced greatly. lstSamel, xi.
him at once their king, and shouted:   After Saul had reigned a short time,
"G-od save the king."  The main probably two years, he levied a stand*body of the people then went home; ing army of three thousand men, two
and Saul went to his home in Gibcah, thousand were under his own comand a band of men followed him, di- mand, and one thousand were under
vinely influenced to b e h i s bodly- the command of Jonathan, his son, and
guard, it imay be. But there were with this army they warred with the
sonme wicked men who insulted him, Philistines.  They endeavored to take
and declared him  incapable of gov- some posts from the Philistines, that
erning as a king. Though they de- they had occupied for several years.
spised him, and b r o u g h t him  no Jonathan, the son of Saul, defeated
presents, yet he held his peace. It them at Miehmash, and the Israelites
seemns that, though he was a king, he were greatly elated with the victory
returned to his usual labor. 1st Sam- and volunteered in great numbers, to
uel, x.                             drive the enemy away.
It was not long after he was thus   The Philistines then gathered themmade king until the inhabitants of selves together for a great battle.




SAIU                 [4201                SAU
They marched a procdi.gos army into some honey, that dropped from a tree,
the country of Israel, and the Israelites and tasted a little of it.
became alarmed, an d deserted Saul.   In the evening as Saul's army gathThey fled to caves and thickets, and ered together, he consulted the tord as
rocks and high places, and pits, to hide- to whether he should attack their
themselves, so that there was but a enemy's camp at night, but the Lordcl
small handful left with Saul.  The gave him  no answer, as a punishment
whole country was in a panic, and Saul for Mis rasness in fighting before the
himself partook of t h e panic. Hle Lord head given him instructions, or adwaited till the seventh day for Samuel, vised hiim to commence the pursuit.
and as he' did not come to offer sacri-   Saul thouglht there was sonce other
fices unto; the Lord, he offered themi  one beside hiniself'that hac Idone wrong,,
himself. just about the time he- had and he rashly devoted the criminal to,
made arn end of officing his sa-ifi'ces, death, whoever he was.  Lots were
Samuel came, and Saul went out to then cast, and' Jonathan was taken..
meet. him, to welcome him, in this time His offense was that of tasting honey
of distress an d pReil of the nation. as he passed tlnhough the wood; but
The propht askei' him  what he hacd his fathier -said" he should die, good asdone, and he toeli himbi, and why he ehad his cxcuse was for tastin- it.  And he..
done it.  Samuel  charged hinm  with would have executed his purpose, but;
having done foolishly, and assured him  the people said, Jona tlL is our delivthat the Lord wouldl transfer the king- crer,. anti he shall not die, for le head.
dom to another ~;mily  Their condi- not- been, guilty of'crime. Ist Sam. xiv.
tior was certainly deplorable, for there    After this. Saul kept a standing army,
was Taut six hundre-  soldiers left, but and lie made Aebner, the' soin. of NerT
with them  Samuel, Saul, and Jnna- the captain of his liost, Abner iwas
than, marechecd to Gibeah.  Soon Jon- Sa.ul's uncle's son,. and' all the stt.Dg.
athan, and his armor bearers had'z a glo- men, or valiant men in the nation, he
rious victorly over an advanced garrison took unto himself to serve in. the ar-my,
of the Philistines.  Saul c ou I d see and with his army he made war upon
from  the point lie occupied, that the the Moabites. Edonites, Amnmonites9.
garrison' was routed, anc lhe desired to acind the Philistines.
knowr  who of his small army  was   l1n. st Sam. xv., we have an account'
gone.                                  of' his vwalrring. with the Amalekites,
The roll was called, and it was found under atn order ronm G:od to cut off' the.
that 7-onathan, and his arnor'bearers, entilre nation.  With an army of twoc
were absent.  Saul at once cal ledl hrldred ancl ten thousand  he went
Ahiah, the priest, to consult the Lord against Amalek and ravaged his whole:
and see whiether he should attack the country and cut off'malny of the people,
enemy.                                 and of their cattle; but hie saved Aga,
While the priest was consultin-, Saul the'ir king, and the best of their cattle:
beard a great noise, and finding. th.at alive, with some valuable.movables.  It
the army of the Philistines were killing is said:  "But Saul and the people.
one another, he pursued' them.         spared Agag, and the best of'the sheep,
About this time the deserters began and of the oxen, and of the fatlin7gs,
to conme out of'their hidin-g places, and and of the lamnbs, and' all that was good,
assist hiam in the pursuit of thle enemy, and would not dcestroy them; but everykilling them  in the pursuit, as far as thing that was vile and refuse, that they
Ajalon.  The rout would lhave been destroyed utterly."
very fatal to the enemy, if'Saul had    Saul came to South Carmel, "ancl
not by a rash curse condemned the per- set up- a, pl!ace-!" io..e.,. a monument to
son to death who should stop the pur- mark his victory: then, wernt down' to
suit to take any refreshments.  The Gilgal.  Soon Samuel camnie to him and
Israelites grew faint in the pursuit and reproved hini for not executing  the dihad they been strengthened with a little vine order.  I-Te asked Saul what tllhe:
food, they might have gained a greater bleating of the sheep and the lowing
conquest. Jonathan, the son of Saul, of the oxen meant, which he heard.
did not know of the curse, and as he tHie told him that these sheep and oxen.
was foll wing the enemy thnrough a were spoils he had taken in the war,
wood, he. dAipcl the end of his staff in tIh which. to i'caifiace unto the Lord..




SAU                 1421]               SAU
The prophet charges him with doing a of melancholy came on hil, and David
great wrong, ancd though Saul at first played before Milm as at other times, and
justified  himself, yet he afterwards Saul having a javelin in his hand threw
acknomwledged his error and asked for, it at David, to kill him, but he escaped
pardon. He entreated Saimuel to pray it. Saul then placed Davicd in corn-'for him, but he seemingly refused, and mend of a thousand men, and sought octurning from Saul was about to leave' casion against him, butecoulci find none.
him, when'the penitent king caught At length he promised David his -elder
hold of his garment to -detain him, and daughter Merab, to wife, if he would
it was rent.  Samuel then said to him, be valiant for him,'and fight the Lord'"So shall God rend the kingdn omfromm battles. He desired to prompt David
thee and give it to a neighbor of thine" to rush into danger, that he might be
that is iletter than thou."  Saul then killed, and he did not really intend to
confessed his sin again, and,entreated give him bMerab,'for he gave her to
the proplhet to honor him before the another man: Adriel the Meholathite.
Elders of Israel, and turn in with himn,. Saul heard that his younger daughter
that he imight worship the Lord. He was in love with David, and he said, I
was fearful lest tthe people would look, will give her to him that she may be a:upon him  with contempt, and rebel snare.unto him.  He told some ofhis at-:against him. The prophet complied tenciants to tellDavid that lie would give
with his request and joined him in pub- Ilim i3Jiclhalfor one hundred foreskins of
lie worship;  after which lie and the the Philistines.  He thought, surely
king of Israel parted, and never more David will be killed before he has killed
mle together in fiendly counsel.  Saml- one hundredl men, blit in this lie was'tel nev-er visited hiii again, andcl prob- mistaken, for David killed. two hundclred
ably the onl'interviews they had after and brought the evidence to Saul, and
this was whlen Saul went to Rlmalh to the kiing gave hinm his daughter to wife.
arrest Dridc, and when lie came to him  st Sarm. xvii and xviii.
froml the dead to warn him of his de-   Saul was still intent on killing hini,
feat and death at-Gilboe.            and m-ade two ineffectual attempts, He
The ability properly to govern Israel, threw a javelin at him., but missed his
was lost by Saul, and an evil spirit soon mark, and the instrument pierced the
after this troubled hiu.  David had wall.
been anointed by Sam;uel as Saul's sue-   Sazl then sent soldiers to his.house
cessor. And as somne of Saul's attend- to take'lhiim, but by the ingenuity o~
ants advised bhim  to procure a  manl M'ichal hie escaped. Still determined'skillful in music, to play before him  on taking Da]vd, W1ven hle heard that
during his fits o'f melancholy. Ravid he was at Pllanah he sent messengers,
was procured, and was thus introduced but they were thwarted.  He then
to the court of Saul, and became hi, went in person to take him, but David
constant attendant.   Tho music of escaped while Saul was:divinely delDavid became effeetive, and Saul be- tained. 1st Sam.   xix.   aul becoes
camle strongly attached to him, and'con- very angry at Jonathan who plead
stituted hinm his arnior bearer. aWhen before him for David, for he had given
the Philistines pitched in Eplles-D-anw- Davidc permission to be absent at the
mim, and in the person of'Goliath, the feast oF'the new moon.  That was the
giant, defied the armies of the living: time Saul had certainly intended to
God, Saul promi'ied his eldest daughter'kill him, and he was so enraged at
to whoever should kill the giant, David Jonathan that he tried to kill him,
performed the feat, and so won the for he cast a javelin at him. Ist Sam.
prize. As 1avid returned from  the xx.
slaughter of the Philistines, the women   Some time after this Saul bitterly
of Israel came out to celebrate the vic- complained that none of his servants
tory by.music and dancing.  And they had informed -himn of the accomplices
were heard by Satl to say, " Saul has of David. HI-e upbraidedl his servants
slain his thousands, and David his tens for infidelity towards him.  lest Sam.
of thousands."  This made Saul jeal- xxii: 7. Just at this time Doeg the
ous, and being greatly displeased, hle Edomite stepped forward  and insought opportunity to slay Da)vid. In formed Saul that he saw the son ohis trouble of jealousy  one of his fi&s Jesse at Nob, and that Ahimelech




sAU                 [422]                SAU
the priest gave him  bread and the is camped, and in companty with Abisword of Goliath, the Philistinc. shai, he went softly to the camp by
Saul was greatly enraged at the priest, night, and found them all asleep. I-Ie
and sent and brought him and all his saw Saul sleeping- within the trench,
family bef'ore him, and charged him  and his spear stuek in the ground by
with  hating conspired against him.. his bolster and a cruise of water, and
Ahinmelech  asserted. his innocence, Abner, the. eapt-ain of his host, lay
but Saul condemned him and his fel- near him.  I-e approached Saul, and
low priests, with the inhabitants of took the'spea.r aand the cruise of water,
thoe city.  T   e r e were eighty —five and leit the camp without waking
priests slain that day —olyonae of the theml. In the morning, David calleds
whoOle company escaping ancld that was to Saul, and bade him send one of his
Abiathar, vwho fled to David and i- servants to him, to return the trophies
forned bihm  of the slaughter of the he had g'athLcrded  fiom hnim during the
priests. It is quite likely- he would night, and lhci chid Saul for- his con —
have m1urdered the father and mother tintued. hostility to hMinl. Saul humof D'a vid, but- they' went to their son bled himself vihen he saw that David
who procuredl them  a home in thi  e l   had'again s pa red   h liM Ine, and he
country- of Iloab.                   pronused he would no Im'ore pErsecute
When Saul heard that David was David. So 1he returned to his place,
in. KEilah, a fortified city, he dcteLr- and David feeling that hle could not
mnned to go and seize hira while thero. depend on Saul's promises, sought
David heard of it,, and. learning from  irefige amron g the P hill stines.  1st
the Lord that thke men of' Keilah Samuel xxvi.
would betray him 1he escaped.  Saul   Thc. Ohilistines, invaded the kinglearned that he was in the'wilderness dolmn of Isratel wituI  freshl vigor and
of Ziph, and he: intendcled to go there earnestness. )Saul was greatly troubarnd tke him, probably depending on led, and asked advice or the Lord,,
the Ziphite3 to betray him  into his but he received no a.nswer.. Atlengtli
hands.  Again David  escaped and he applied. to tlhe: witch  of Endor.
Saul heard of himi in Maeon, and went After shae becalee satisfiecd that the.
there. to, t a k e hin, but he was person twhlo alIppeI to her would not
thwarted in h i  designs by- being informl on her, for before this time all'
called into, another' part of his king- the' witchoes and  izzards of the land
domu because of the Philistines inva- that were knovwn, had been put to
ding' i.'1st Sam. xxiii.             death, she asked hinti who he wish.ed
After Saul had returned from fol to see from the spirit world, and he
lowing the' Philistines he heard that said tiel prophet Samuel, for lie had
David was in the. wilderness of En- died a little while b e for e. After'
gedi, and he goes in search of him  awhile the. woman discovered that the.
with three thousand men. Before he person before her was Siaul thie king,
discovered David's camnp; he went into in disguise,  and she was afraid.  But
a cave to sleep.  In that cave  David Samuel reatly appeared to the astonand his men were hid; while Saul ishment o'f the' wonman, and he dewas asleep, David. arose and cut off the manded of Saul his reason for wishing
skirt of  his robe, afterwards he a-n intervie w with himi. He told himz
showed it to  Saul, and showed hi tihat hLe Iha cd n1ade' enqUiry of the
how easily he might have killed him, Lord, who, had refused to give hinm
but he would not. The conscience of any c o u n s e 1 or advice,, either by
the king smlote' him for having putr- dreams or vi siorn, or by' prophets.
sued  an innocent person as he had Samuuel told him he need not expect
David, and he- returned to his houe., to be com-for-ted, for God had departed
1st Sam. xxiv.                       ifrom   him, and after intimating clearly
Saul gave.Michal, David's wife, to to, him that he should be' slain in the
Phalti, the son of Laish, ancd when coming battle, Sazunel left him. He
he was informed, by the Zephites, of was probably alone with th'e spirit of'
David's hiding place, again with thirty the proplhet the woran having  rethousand men, he went in search of tired, but w'hen she c a m e in, shehim. David sent out a snmall scout — found him prostrate on the eart h,
ing party, and finds out where Saul witho-r power to. move or speak.  She




SAU                 [423]                SEB
prepareci some refreshments, and per- Saul's murder of tlhe people.   [See
suaded lhim  to take them, and in the lRizpah.]
morning he returned to the camp, and   Saul was at first a very humble young
took his position at the head of his man, but he afterwards becalme proud,
forces to fight the battle they were tyrannical and jealous. But the most
preparing to fighit. 1st Sam. xxviii.  inhuman and wicked act of his lifie was
Th'e account of the ~it. Gilboa battle the murder of the innocent priests and
is given in 1st Samn. xxxi.  It was a people at Nob. Whatever his private
terrible fight, and the Israelites were character was, he was a bad king.  Ie
routed, and very many of them  fell was a weak muan; lis conduct toward
down slain in the mount. As they fled  David proves this, as does his applicathe Philistines followed after them and tion to the witch of Endor.  He was
overpowered thenl, and Saul and his mortally wounded in the battle, and
sons, Jonathan, Abinadab gnd lIel- hence his last act need not be looked
chishua, were slain. Fromi the account on as self-murder.
given of the b1atle we lmay judge that
Saul ftlght dcesperately.  It is said lie SAUL, 3 —Dcinzaaded sepulcher, de~wxas hlard pressed by the enem3y, and     stroyer,
ge  his        or-bearr to kill  im,   Was a native of Tarsus, a city of Cith'at lie nmig-lht not fall into the llanids licia. lHe was miraculously converted,
of the uncirclumcised Philistines; but and cealled Paul, the great apostle to
Lis armor-bearer relfused.  Then Saul the Gentiles.  LSee Paul.]
fell up-on his on  sword and died; andl
lis anror-bearler, seeing the king was S CE T A —[Se'vah,] disrosecl, predead, fell also upon his swordi andclied.     par'ed.
An Amalekite who was near by, seeing,,   ScEVA wasg a Jew who resided at
it nmay be, some signs of life in Saul, Ephesus.  I-le is referred to in Acts,
thrust his sword through him, and- taki-  ix: e1416, as being the chief of one
ang possession of his crown and brace- of the orders, or classes of Jewish
lots carried them to David, expecting, priests.  -He, witlh his seven sons, are
in all 1 robabitity, a reward; b1ut he noticed in the above referiene. While
was,: sla1n Ibecause hle ae knowledged to S co v a was a chief priest, his sons
the niurdZer of the king.           nmade pretensions to exorcism, or castThc day after the battle the Philis- ing devils out of menll.  They traveled
tines found the bodies of Saul and lhis aout fro01  place to place, on this
sons; and they cut off Saul's, head and business, but at Ephesus they understripped off his arinmor and sent it took a case that they could not nanaround aimongst their people to satisfy age, and they finally adjured the devil
them  all of the victory they had ob- by J esus, whom IPaul preached to
tainmed.  The Philistines deposited comle out of the person.  The devilis
Saul's armor in llthe  ouse of their god, represented as saying to thern, "Jesus
and fastened his body to the wall of I know, ancl Paul I know; but who
lBeth-shan. The men of Jabesh-gilead are ye?"  The devil then used the
remembering with gratitude their de- possessed person as his instrument in
liverance, by the lhand of Saul, froUm  handling the sons of Sceva so roughly,
the Ammonites, sent their valiant nlent that they fled out of the house nlaked
to r icover the bodies, and having and wounded; or ran for their lives
gained possession of them  they buried[ from the enraged man, possessed wit.h
theml  in a gr-ove near their city, and the devil.
Imourned for seven days.  Afterwards
D)avid removed their remains to the SEBA-[Se'ba,      ] drunaccrd, that sursepulcher of Kish.                         roundcs; according to the S/rriac,
Sometime during his reign Saul mur-     old man.
dered many of the Gibeonites; and   SEBA was the elder son of Cush,
they demanded of David, after h3 was the son of H-lam.  There are four
mnade king, reparation, in vengeance on other sons of Cush lmentioned in Gen.
the house of Saul. David gave theam x: 7, viz: Havilah, Sabtah, Raamah
the two sons of Saul by Rizpah, and and Sabtecha, and PIaan1ah's two sons.
five of Merab's children, and the Gib- Sheba and Dedan, are mentioned in
eonites hung them as ai atonement fobr the same verse.




SEC                 [424]               SEN
S E C U N D IU S-[Se-kun'dus,] t he SENNACHERIB-[Sen-nak'-e-rib,j
second.                               buzsh of the destruction of the sword
Was a friend of the apostle Paul,       of'drought.
who is reported to have gone with the   SENNACHERIB, was the king of Asapostle frorm  Corinth as far as Asia, syria. He invaded Judah, in the time
o'n his way to Jerusalem.  He was of Hlezekiah, in the fourteenth year of
probably a devout christian, and fel- his reign. He besieged, and took, all
low laborer. Acts, xx: 4.             the fenced cities. 2d Kings, xviii: 13.
I-ezekiah felt himself to be in extremSEDECIAS —[Sed-e-ci'as.]              ity, and sent Senacharib word, that he
would agree to any conditions of peace
Was the father of Maaseiah, and lhe would name. The Assyrian king
probably the same person, with the accordingly subjected him  to a tax of
false prophet referred to in Jeremiah,  three hundred talents of silver, and
xxix: 21-22.                          thirty talents of gold.  He paid it however, willingly, under the impression
SENAAMI —[Se-naL'alh. ]               that Sennacherib would no longer war
with hiu.  IHe eimptied his own house
SENTAAIi is a person who is referred of silver, and the house of the Lord of
to in Ezra, ii: 35, ameong the Jews gold, to meet this requisition.  But in
who returned from  BBabylon with the the stead of the Assyrian leaving him
priests an:d Levit-es, and singers and to enjoV himself in his subjection, he
port'ers.  The fmuily of Seenah num- violated the agreement, and continued
beroed three thousand six hundred and the war.  He sent three of his genthirty, and werei{ very active in the ac- erals to summons Hezekiah and the
complishment of the work, for which people of Jerusalem to a surrender;
the Jews returned to Judabh.  This Tartan, Rabsaris and Rabslhakeh halted
same family is rlfelmfed to in Neh. iii: near the city of Jerusalem in the ful3, as building the fishgate, and laying lers field, and made their demand.
the beams thereof, and setting up the H-ezekiah sent out three imen to confer
doors with the locks and bars.        with them.  But the generals of Sennacherib treated them  with contempt,
-SEG-UB-[Se'gubJ,  frtified, qrised.  and offered them, ins-ullt. Hezekiah's
representa.tives asked them to say what
Was the youngest son of Hiel, the they had to say in their own language,
Bethelite, who rebuilt Jericho, andl as t h e y were competent to  conter
realized the fulfillment of Joshua's with them in Syrian language, but they
prediction.  He dcied just as his father refused and would talk to them loudly
finisled the work of rebuilding the in the Hebrew language, in the hopes
city. 1st Kings, xvi: 34.             of creating dissatisfaction among the
people.  Sennacherib wrote Hezekial
SEEI —[Se'ir,] hairy, demon, temnpest, a letter in which le boasted that he
ba rley.                          would compel him to a surrender, for he
SEro is called the Horite, who in- had it in his power to subdue Jerusalem
habited the land of' L o t a n.  The as he had  other cities.  IHe then
*region of country where Esau lived marched his army up to the walls of
for awhile, and where some of his Jerusalenm, and encamped in the valley
children ancd grandchildren were born. of Tophet. The King of Judah was
The namles oL Seir's chil.dren are given greatly distressed. and earnestly prayed
in Gen. xxxvi: 21, viz;  Lotan, Sho- to the Lord for help. The prophet
bab, Zibeon and Anan, Dishon and Isaiah went to him in his distress, and
Ezer, and D)ishan, as also the namlle assured him that his prayer was heard
of his grandchildren. Cen.  xxxvi: and that the city of Jerusalem shoulA
22-30i.                               lbe delivered; and that this haughty
and defiant Assyrian, should be desSEMIACJIAt-I-[Sem-a-ki'-ah.]         troyed. The night before Sennacherib
intended to take the citv, the angel of
SEuCI-crAr-I was a descendant of the Lord went into his camp and
Obed Edom., and one of the sacred passed through it asadestroyer, killing
porters.  1st Chron. xxvi: 7.         one hundred and eighty-five thousand




SEN                [425]               SET
of the Assyrian soldiery, and as it is words of the book regardingr Babylon
thought the abonllinable and wicked should come to pass; "thisplace shall
general Rabshakeh among them. 2d be cut off that none shall remlain in
Kings, xviii and xix; 2d Chronicles, it, neither man nor beast, but it shall
xxxii and Isa. xxxvii, &c.          be desolate forever."  I e was then
After this dreadful slaughter of ordered to fsten a stone to the book,
Sennacherib's soldiers he returned and cast it into Babylon's great river,
homle, and shortly after, two of his the Euphrates, and say: "Thus shall
sons, Adramelech and Sharezer tmur- Babylon sink, and shall not rise from
dered him  in the temple of his idol the evil that I will bring upon her;
Nisroch. For an account of his death and they shall be weary."
see Isa. xxxvii: 37, 38. And le was
succeeded on the throne of Assyria by SERED-[Se'-red.1
Ezar-haddon, his son.                 Was one of the E-ons of Zebulun,
and is reckoned with Jacob's family
SEORIM-[Se-o'-rim.]                in Egypt. G-en. xlvi: 14. And he was
Vas one of the priests appointed by the head of the family of the Sardites.
David when he divided them  into Numl. xxvi: 26.
twenty-four orders. His lot was the
f'ourth.  1st Chron. xxiv: 8.        SERGI-JS  PAULUS, [Ser'-je-us,
Pau'-lus,] a Iet..SEHRAIAH, — [Ser-a-i'-ah,] rrince   SEPGIUS PAiJLUS was the deputy
of the Lord.                    governor of the island of Cyprus, at
SERAIAHI was a high priest of the the time Paul and Barnabas were set
Jews. He was the son of Azariah apart by the church at Antioch to go
and Jozedek, the father of Joshua. unto the Gentiles.  While t llh e s e
In Jer. li, we have an account of his apostles were preaching the gospel in
capture by the captain of the guard the synagogutes of the Jews, in vaniat Jerusalem, and being taken a pris- ous parts of' the island, they met with
oner in company' with Zeplmanialh, the opposers and persecutors; yet the
second priest. The two were taken, deputy hinmself was converted to the
with a eunuch that had charge of the faith, and listened with great interest
men of war, and seven of the king's to the apostle preaching. At length
body guard, his scribe, and sixty of Elymus a sorcerer sought to turn Serthe people, by Nebuzaradan to l3ib- gius Paulus away fronl  the faith
lahb, to the kling of Babylon, and the and the apostle PIaul rebuked him,
kilng of Babylon cruelly murdered and declared that he should be blind
them.                               for a season, which came to pass.
The deputy saw the miracle and was
S:_RATAH, 2 —Price of the Lord.  confirmed by it in the faith.  Acts,
SErtaIEIA  was the son of Nerialh  xiii: 6-12.
who was the son of Maaseiah, and this
Ncriah was the brother of Baruch. SElRUC-.,e was probably in a position of con-   SERUG was the son of Ragau or
siderable importance in the kingdom, Reu, aed the father of Nahor. Gen.
under Zedekiah.  HEe may have been xi: 22. We know but little concernhis steward, or probably he may have ing him, and it is doubtful whether
been the director of the presents that there is foundation for the opinion
were borne from Zedekiah to Nebu- that has been expressed, that, Serug
chadnezzar a few years before Jerusa- introduced idolatrous worship, or the
leni was destroyed.                 worship of ilmages of men who had
We hlave an account in Jer. li: 59- been very useful in their life time.
62, of the prophet Jeremiah committing to his hands a book, in which Ie SETH-Putt, who puts.
had written of evils that should come   SETH was the son of Adam.  The
upon Babylon; and the prophet Jer- account of his birth is in Gen. iv: 25:
emiah gave him strict commandiment "And Adam knew his wife again, and
when he came to Babylon, to read all she bare a son and called his name
the words of the book, and after he Seth; for God, said she, hath aphad read it, to declare that all the pointed me another seed instead of




SET                [426]   S.I A
Abel whom Cain slew." By this lan- companions, was educated in the learnguage We we  ay understand that Eve, ing of the Chaldeans.  His Jewish
who namled him, had it divinely re- name was Hananiah, but the prince of
vealed to her that this son should be the eunuchs called him  Shadrach.
in the line by which the Messiah was Dan. i: 7. lHe, with his two comnpanto come; and we find when the flood ions, was on terms of intimacy with
canme and swept away the family of Daniel, and rendered himn assistance by
man from  the earth, Noah and his uniting with hiim in prayer for a revelafamily, who were descendants of Seth, tion from  God regarding the king's
continued to live and were preserved dream.  Dan.  ii: 17.  After Daniel
in the ark. Noah was the ninth from  had interpreted the dreanm he was proSeth and the tenth from Adam. So moted in the kingdom  to honor and
the genealogy of Christ, as given by great distinction, and his three friends
Luke, iii, places Seth in the line, the were also promoted through the infiufirst from Adain, and Sheil the first ence of Daniel, to a governorship, each
from Noah.                            of theml. But afterwards their f-aith in
Adam was one hundred and thirty God was severely tested, and their fidelyears old when Seth was born, and it ity and faithfulness in their religion.
is said, in Gen. v: 3:  " He begat a They refused to obey the kiing by reson in his own likeness, after his irm- nouncing their religion and engaging in
age.~"  This language seems to allude idolatry by worslhiing the golden irato Gen. i: 26, when God said:'"Let ag, that Nebuchadlnezzar ladl Eet up.
us make man in our own image."  As As a consequence of thlei  refusal they
Adam was a mortal, on account of were all three cast into the burnin fierly
the transgression of the law, irmaper- furnace, heated seven tines hotter than
feet and impure, Seth partook of his it was wont to b}e heated; but they were
nature and qualities. ]In this respect preserved and delivered, and honored
he was like all the other children of by the king. Dan. iii.  [See AbedAdarm, though in the line of the com- nego.]
ing Messiah.
Seth was the father of Enos, who S HAT~A RI A -[Sha-ha-ra'-im.i]
was born unto him when he was one   SI-IAHARAIMT  was a descendant of
hundred and five years old; but lie Benjamin, who lived in the count-ry ef
lived after the birth of Enos eight Moab.  Ile is referred to in the genehundred and seven years, so that his alogy of Benjamin.  1st Chron. viii: 8.
age, at the time he died, was nine He either lived in Moab as an inhabithundred and twelve years. Gen. v: ant or governed the country.  It is said
6-S. The posterity of Enos were, for lhe begat children in the country of
a long time, true worshipers of the Moab. The names of his two wives are
living God; but afterward, with the Hodesh and Hushinr, and his posterity
balance of the wonderfully increased by them was very numerous.  His chilfamlily of' man, they forsook God, for dren distinguished tlcnmselves by buildwhen C-od determined to deluge the ing and peopling several towns. Lydda
world, the inhabitants had all strayed and Ono are mentioned.  And they
from  him, except Noah's family, as drove the Philistines friom  Aijalon.
Nw e learn fromu Gen. vi.             The honorable persons of Shaharaim's
posterity, who are  mentioned, are said
SETHI-lJR-[Se'-thur.]                to have dwelt at Jerusalem.  1st Chron.
SETTnIU  was of the tribe of Ashur, viii: 28.
and was selected by Moses as one of
the twelve spies, to search out and ex- SHALLUM, 1 —[Sllal-lum,] perfect,
amine the nature and state of the laud    peaceable.
of Canaan.  Numb. xiii: 13.             Was a son of Naphtali and Bilbah,
and is referred to in the genealogy of
SHADIRACH-[Sha'-drak,] tencder Naphtali.  1st Chron. vii: 13.  ile is
ni7pife, tender field.           the same as is called Shillera in Num.
SADRuACe was one of the princes of xxvi: 49, who is said to be the father
Judah, taklen with Meshech and Abed- of the Shillemites. As there -were fornego and Daniel, into captivity to Bab- ty-five thousand, four hundred Naphtaiylon, when quite young. Hle, with his I ites, and only four families  en-tioned




SHA                 [427]               SHA
making up that number, we may sieged it for three years.  He took
reasonably suppose that Shallum's the fenced cities and ravag-cl themposterity was numerous.              murdered their inhabitants in the
most cruel a n d inhuman manner.
SITALLUIM, 2-perfect, peaceable.  tHosea. x: 14, says, "All thy forSrtaTLum  was the son of Jabesh, tresses shall be spoiled, as Shalnan
and a king of Israel. We have an ac- spoiled Beth-arbel in t h e d a y o f
count of his conspiracy against, and battle; the mother was dashed to
murder of, Zachariah, and ascending pieces Upon her children."  And the
the throne to reign in hlis stead, in 2d prophet Micah refers to the same desKings, xv: 10. It is said lhe smote truction of Samaria in i: 5, 9.
the king before the people, by which   After Shalmaneser had taken the
we may understand he killed him in a kingdom  of Israel and cruelly murpublic assembly, and was probably ap- dered many in the siege, and took her
probated in his act by the people, who king and boulnd and imprisoned him.
Twere tired of the reign of so wicked a I-Ie carried away many of Israel into
king as Zachariah, though  he had captivity in his own land, and placed
reigned but six months.              them in different cities of the AssyBy the murder of Zachariah, the rians and Mledes.  Shalmaneser then
word of the Lord concerning Jehu was brought persons from different nations
flnltfile. God promiseld him that his and placed them in the captured kingsoes should sit on the throne of Israel dom  of Israel.  I-Ic brought ilen
to the fourth generation, and they did frnom Babylon and Cuthla, and from
—;J'ehoahaz, J oash, Jeroboam, and Ava and lTamnath and SeIpharvaim
Zachariahl; thus his family was cut off. and placed them in the cities of SamaBut the reign of Shallurn was very ria. These people were very corrupt
short. I-Ie only reigned one month in aidcl wicked, an.d the Lord sent wild
Sa maria, when Menahla em, the son of beasts among thenm, that devoured
Gadi, went up from Tirzah to Samlaria muany of them.  Shalmaneser then
and snmote him. VWho this lenahenm  sent some of the priests that he had
was is not very certain, 1bat possibly lie taken captive, back again to Samluria
was a general of' King Zachlaiah, who to teach the people how to worship
determined to avenge the death of his GI od, and they incorporated the Israelimaster. After  e llad smitten Slhal- I it-  worship with the worship of their
lur li he cigned in his stead.       own gods. 2d Kings, xvii.
It is said that Shalnianeser after
SHALM ANESER- [S h a l-ma-ne'- this commenced a war with the Tyzer,] peace, tieds, perfeczioq, clmd rians, and besieged their capital, but
r~et ri6bt'ion.                  died before he affected his object and
SIALBIANESER, king of Assyria, is was succeeded in the kingdom  of
supposed to have been the son and Assyria by Sennacharib.
successor of Tiglath-pileser.  I-e is
called Sha1hnan by the prophet H-osea, SHAI ARIAA —[Shlamn-a-ri'-ah.]
and EnaLeassar in the book of Tobit.  SHATARIAI-I was one of the- sons
I-le appears and conquers fsrael dlur- of Rehoboam, born unto him of one
ing the wicked reign of HI-oshea in of the wives he took in the family of
Saniaria.   Having  conquered  t h e David. 2d Chron. xi: 19.
kingdom andcl made it tributary, he
niade Hloshea his servant. Some time Stie   -HA3GAIR-[Sham'-gar,] nameced a
after he had nmade the king of Israel    stranger, he is here ca stracnger,
tributary to him, he found conspiracy    surprise of thle stranger.
in him. I-Hoshea hacl tried to shake   SHANIGAR was the son of Anath,
off the Assyrian yoke by entering into and a judge of Israel.  I-Ie was the
a treaty with So, the king of Egypt, third judge of the people of Israel.
and he refused to send the annual Whether he was a man of any note
tribute by Shalmaneser's messengers. before his judge-ship commenced, or
This led the Assyrian to a r r est before he took that position, we do
}Ioshea, and he bound him and cast not know. From the account given
him into prison. He then marched a of him, which is Judges iii: 31, "And
powerful army into Samaria and be- after him was Shamgar the son of




SHA                [428]              eSHA
Anath, who slew of the Philistines fight with the Philistines, and it is
six hundred men with an ox goad; quite likely-that they two, were of the
and he also delivered Israel," we three, that broke through the host of
might suppose that he was a laboring the Philistines, a n d brought David
man, engaged in cultivating his fields' water from the well.of Bethlehem.  1st
at the time that the Philistines were Chron. xi: 18.
mlaking inroads amongst them. He
and his neighbors resisted them, and S H A  I NM A H, 2-Loss, desolation,
fought with theml, and not having       astonished.
tiume to arm  themselves with war   SrI-2umII   was one-of the thirty that
weapons, they used their agricultural David set over others, as an officer.
instruments, and Shaimgar himself, Ie is called Shammah, the Horadite.
with his ox goad, slew six hundred of 2d Samuel, xxiii: 25.
theml.  T h e Philistine marauders
were conquered, and terror-stricken, S HA MAI-i., 3 —/Loss, desolation,
fled for their lives.  Shamngar may     astonished.
have been rewarded  by the people for   SHAMMsAII was also one of the thirty,
his valor, by manking him judge. ]De- and is distinguished fromn the others by
borah, in her song, makes a reference "the ararite." It is truethefirstShamto Sh1amgar, and the anarchy and con- mah is called a Hararite, but he was
fusion occasioned by the lawless Phil- of the three mighty men, more honoristine banditti. Judges v and vi.    able than the thirty. 2d Sam. xxiii: 33.
SHIAMHUTH —[Shan'-huth,] deso- SHIAMMUA, 1-[Sham-mru/-ah] that
latccnz, astonli.shment.            is heard, or obeyed.
The Izrahite, was the captain for   SIHAIMUA was the son of Zaccur, of
the fifth month, when iDavid insti- the tribe of Reuben, and one of the
tuted the monthly service of captains spies sent by Moses, to search out the
over twenty-four thousand men. 1st land of Canaan. Num. xiii: 4.
Chron. xxvii: 8.
ISHATIV3M[A, 2-AT/at is 7heard, or
SHAMPIII-[Sha'-mirj, prison, lbzshi,    obeye.
less.                             SmIAoMUA was one of the sons of
SIeAMIR was one of the  nisters David, born unto him in Jerusalem.
in the temple, under the order of ser- 1st Chron. xiv: 4.
vice instituted in the time of David.
1st Chron. xxiv: 24.                SHAPHAN —[Sla'flm] a 2 a b bi  t,
wild rat, their leip.
SHAMMLAH, 1 —[Sham/-mah,] loss,
desolation, astonishment.         StIAPHAN was secretary of the temSHAmnmAh  was the son of Agee, the ple in the time of king Josiah. 2d
Hararite. He was one of David's Kings, xxii: 8-9. We learn that he
mighty men, the third in the order in was the son of Azaliah, the son of
which they are given. 2d Sam. xx:iii: Meshullam, and was appointed by the
11-17. It seems that a large maraud- king, as scribe to the house of the
ing party of the Philistines, gathered Lord, when the breaches of the telnin a field of the Gentiles, or as the par- ple were being r e p a i r e d.  Josiah
allel passage in 1st Chonicles, xi: 13, charged himi to go to Hilkial1, the
has it, a barley field, with a view of priest, and sum up the silver which is
capturing, and carrying off into their brought to the house of the Lord,
land as captives, some Israelites amlong gathered at the door of the temple by
whom was Shammah.  He is reported the keepers from  the people.  The
to have contended with this troop of money was to be delivered into the
Philistines, in the barley field, even hands of those who were engaged in
after they had run the people away ront the repairs. It was to be used in
the possession of it. He fought with purchasing material, and in cornpenthem  and killed a great number of sating carpenters, masons and buildthem. The Lord through him wrought ers. -Up to this time the money had
a great victory. HIe was accompanied not not been summed up, but paid out
by Eleazar, the son of Dodo, in this on orders presented.




SiHA               [429 ]              SHEI
While Hilkiah was engaged in the S H E A L T I E L —[She-al'-ti-el,] 1
repairs, he found a b-ook among the     have ascd of God.
ruins, whicl proved to be a copy of   Was the father of ZerubNabel. I-e
the law of Mioses, probably the origi- was in the line of the Mlessiah, and as
nal that was deposited in the ark. such is presented in Matthew i: 12, as
Hie gave it to Shaphan, and he read also Luke iii: 27. Hle is called Sa'lait.  IHe then went to the king to thial, the father of Zerulbbabel.
make his report as to the money collected, and the disposition malde of it. SHEBA, 1-[She'-bah,] compmssing
I-le then told the king of the book     about, repose, old age.
that Hlilkiah had found, aind read it   SHEBA was the son of' Cush, called
in the hearing of Josiah, who was also Seba. He is referred to in Gen.
much affected by the reading of it. x: 7, as the first-born of Cush. It is
The king then sent it by the hand of probable he gave the name of Sheba
Shaphan and several others, to HuL- or Seba to the country in Arabia or
dah, the prophetess.  The deputation Abyssinia that bears the na-me. In
received her message, and carried it Psalms lxxii: 10, that country is reto Josiah.  2d Kings, xxii, ucnd 2d ferred to: "The kings of Sheba and
Chron. xxiv.                        Seba shall offer gifts," as also Isa.
xliii: i.
SHAPHAT, 1 —[Sha'-fat,] a,uydge..S-API-IAT iS referred to in Num. SHEBA,   2- Cozmpasssizg about, rexiii: 5.  lIe was the son of lori, and  pose, old age.
of the tribe of Simeon. He was one   WVas the grand-son of Cush, being
of those who were sent by 3Moses to the son of laam.rah.  Genesis x: 7.
spy out the promiscl land; and anmong "And the sons  of Baamuah, Sheba
those who brought back an unflavor- and Pedlma."
able report.
SHEBA, 3- CoGnpassi-ng about, reSHAPHAT, 2 —A jucge.                    pose, old age.
-SIRPHAT  was the father of the    Was one of the sons of Jokta.
prophet Elisha. 1st Kings, xix: 16. Genesis x: 7.
We know but little about him, save
that he lived at Abel-Mieholah. He SHEBA, 4 — Cbmpassfng abocut, redoes not seem to object to his son en-  pose, old age.
tering upon the work and office of a   The son of Jokshan, and the grandprophet. He did not try to hinder son of Abraham, by K-eturah. It is
him from obeying the divine call, but, supposed that fiom  this person the
after Elisha's feast to the people, Sabeans sprang, who  robbed Job of
parted with him  affectionately and his cattle, &c.  See Gen. xxv: 3, and
gave him to the Lord.               Job i: 15.
SHAPHAT, 3 —A judge                 SHEBA,  5- Compassing abo.Zt, reSHIPHAT, the son of Adlai, was        pose, old age.
placed by King David over that part   The son of Bichri, who deeoyed the
of the herds that fed in the valleys& tribes of Israel into a revolt from
1st Chron. xxvii: 29.               David.  Joab, David's general, followed him to Abel of Bletlh-maachah,
SHEARAH —[Sha'-rahjm                and besieged the city. They cut off
Was the father of Ahiam, and is Sheba's head and threw it over the
numbered with D-avid's mighty men. wall to him. 2d Sam. xx. [See Joab.]
2d Sam. xxiii: 33.
SHEBNA-[Sheb'na,1] who rests himSHAUL-[Sha'-ul,]                        self, who is nowt captive.
Was one of the sons of Simeon.   SHEiBNA was the treasurer and seclHe was the son of Simeon's Canaan- retary of king Hezekiah. H-le is reitish wife, and numbered with the ferred to in 2d Kings, xviii; 18, as
family of Jacob, who went down with also in Isaiah, xxii: 15-20. He was
him into Egypt to dwell. Genesis, sent with Eliakim and Joah, to Pabxlvi: 10.                           shekeh, the general of Sennacherib9,




SHEilE             [430]               SHE
the king of Assyria, to hear the pro- part of Shechem that the sons of'Japosals to Hezekiah. From  the ac- cob would not look over.  It seems
count given of him in Isaiah, we may that Shecheni detained Dinah their
u p p o s  that he was a proud and sister as he made the effort to secure
haughty ofcer, being careful to make her as his lawful wife.  For at the
a great show. HIe prepared himself end of three days when Simeon and
a magnificent sepulchler, and it is Levi went forth to slay lHamor and
uite lilkely built for himself costly Shechem, they took her out of Shecand grand edifices. Isaiah is com- hem's house. Gen. xxxiv: 26.
lmissioned to prophesy against him,   In his anxiety to have Dinah for a
aind declare that evil was before hin. wife Shechem said to his father, " Get
He should be carried away into cap- me this damasel to wife," and Haomer
tivity, loosing his estate and honor, as the  prince anxious to gratify his son,
the treasturer anCd secretary of the corlnanned with Jacob, and afterking, and that he should not come to wards when the sons come out of the
the sepulcher he had provided for field he communed with them on the
himself  He was accordingly carried subject, and in addition proposed to
away by the Assyrian Sennacherib, or then  that they should make marEsar-haddon, and died in dishonor riages with his people, and his people
and exile from his native ind, and a with them, and that they should dwell
captive of the conqueror of Israel.   in the land and trade with his people,
and then fearing that his father would
SHEBUEL, 1-[Sheb'u-el.]             not succeed, Shechem spoke up andc
Was the son of Gershom, the son saicl unto Jacob and his sons,'Let
of Moses, and was ruler of the treas- me find grace in your sight, and what
ures, or constituted chief treasurer ye shall say unto me I will give."
of the Levites. 1st Chron. xxvi: 24. He agreed to give themz anything they
would ask so that they would grant
SHEBUEL, 2.                         his petition.  They then proposed,
Was one of the sons of Heman, (deceitfully) to Hamor and Shechem,
and when the lots were cast, and the that they would do as they desired,
singers were divided into twenty-four provided that all their males should
courses, the thirteenth came to him. submit to the rite of circumcision,
1st Chron. xxv: 4.                  and they refused on any other condition to grant them  their request.
SIIEC(HEM -  [She'-kem,] portioM, They readily agreed to the conditions,
the back, slhoulders.           and made them known to their people, who readily consented, and on
SIErHEaM was the son of Hlamor the third day after the rite had been
the Hivite who was prince of the performed, the two sons of Jacob,
country of Shechem, or the country Simeon and Levi, slew all the males
in which the city called Shechem, Syc- of Shechel, coming upon them at a
hem or Sychar was situated. It was time when they were unable to dehere that Jacob bought a piece of fend themselves.  Hamer and Shecground and gave it to his son Joseph, heln were both slain. Gen. xxxiv.
Gen. xxxiii: 19, and in that parcel of
ground Joseph's bones t h a t were SHECANIAIh-[Shek-a-ni'ah.]
brought out of the land of Egypt
vwereburied. Josh. xxiv: 32.          SIIECANIAH was one of the priests
Shechem was the son of a prince, appointed by David when he divided
a Canaanite. While Jacob with his them into twenty-four orders.  I-iis
family tarried in the field he had lot was the tenth.  1st Chronicles.
bought of Hamor, for he spread his xxiv: 11.
tents there, and erected an altar to his
God, which he called El Elohe Israel, SHIEDEUR  [Shed'-e-ur,] field, desShechem  defiled Dinah, Jacob' s       troyer of fire.
daughter after which he tried to gain   SHEIDEUR was of the tribe of Reuher affections and reconcile her to her ben, and the father of Elizur, the
disgrace. It is said he spake kindly prince who assisted Moses in numberunto her. This was an offence on the ing the tribes of Israel. Num. i; 5.




SHiE                [431]               SHE
SIIELAH- [ She'-lah,] that breaks, descended from an Egyptian, the father
that uCndresses.                 of Shelomith, for the law was, "WhoSEuLAI was the younger son of Ju- soever enrseth his God shall bear his
dah, by his Canaanite wife Shuah. Ie sin."  The Israelite and the stranger,
was quite young when his two brothers the native and the adopted, vvere under
Er and Onan died, but his fa t h e r the same law.
pledged him  to Tamar, his daughterin-law, as a husband, as soon as he was SHELOMOTH- [Shel'-o-moth,] nmy
grown.  But the pledge was forgotten,     hap. piness, zy recoqnpense.
and we judge, from the crime she oem-   Was one of the ministers in the temmitted with Judah, her father-in-law, ple under the order of service instituted
to put him in memory of his promise, in the time of Davia.   1st Chron. xxiv:
Shelah and Tamar were never inl-rried. 22.
SHE LEPH —[ She'-lefj] who d7raws SIEhELUJ IEL-[She-lu'-mi-el,] hapoct1.                              opiness,   retribulton of God.
Was the son of Joiktan and the grand-  NWas the son of Zurishhaddai, of the
son of Eber, and is referred to in the tribe of Simeon. IHe was the chief of
posterity of Shen.  Gen. x: 26.      that tribe, and associated with Wloses
and Aaron in uan-ging the business
SEHELOMI-[She-lo`-mi.]               of the nation at the time of their exoWas the father of Abihud, of the dus from the land of Egypt.  Num. i:
tribe of Asher, who as a prince assisted 6. And when the tabernacle was fully
in dividing the land of Canaan. Num. set up he mrade an offering for his
xxxiv: 21.                           tribe.  Num. vii: 36.
SHELOMITH[, 1 —[She/'-o-mith,] mny S H E D - Naze., r'enowh, he that
ha ppiness, mny recompense.          places.
Was of the tribe of Levi, and a de-   SHEr   was the second son of Noah,
seendant of G-ershom through Shimei. and is referred to first in Gen. v: 32.
Ie is noticed as the elder son of Shimei He, with Noah, his father, and his two
in the account we have of Solomon brothers, Japheth and Ham, and the
numbering the sons or descendants of wives of each one of them-eight in all
Levi.  1 Chron. xxiii: 7 —11.        -were preserved in the ark when the
destructive flood of water was upon the
SHELOMITH, 2-l11y ha pp's:ss,   - y earth. After the ark had rested upon
recompense.                      Mt. Ararat, and the waters had dried
Was of the family of Amram. He up, Shem, with his father and brothwas the chief of the sons of Izhar. ers, went forth from the ark.. When
1 Chron. xxiii: 18.                  Noah, ignorant, it may be, of the intoxicating qualities of wine, or the exSHEILOMITH, 3-l-i  hrtpp-iness, my pressed juice of the grape, drank of it
~recompense.                     until he was drunk, and in a fit of
Was one of the sons of Rehoboam, drunkenness lay uncovered within his
born of Maachah, the daughter of AbN  tent, and was treated so shamefully by
salom. 2 Chron. xi: 20.              Hanm, it is said " Shem and Japheth
took a garment and laid it upon both
SHEILOMITH, 4 —y happiness, nzy their shoulders, and went backward
recompense.                      and covered the nakedness of their faWas an Israelite woman whose father ther."  When Noah came out from
was an Egyptian. She was the daugh- under the influence of the wine, and
ter of Dibri, of the tribe of Dan. Lev. knew what Ham  had done, he proxxiv: 11. Her son was stoned to death nouncedl a curse upon his descendants;
for blaspheming the name of the Lord. and when he knew what part Shem
The blasphemy he committed  was and Japheth had acted, he pronounced
under aggravating cirumistances, viz: blessings upon the descendants of both
a quarrel with a man of Israel. But of them. Gen. ix.
the circumstances under which he com-   The descendants of Shem, like the
mitted the sin did not justify it. Nor descendants of his brothers, were very
was he stoned to death because he was numerous, and the territory of the




SHE                 [4321]              SHE
earth peopled by his prosperity is re- house were carried away.  [See 2d
ferred to in Gen. x: 21, &c.         Chron. xii. 
Although Japheth was the eldest son   Shemaiah wrote the life and acts of
of Noah, yet Shenl is always mentioned  tehoboam.
first. As proof that Japheth was the
oldest, see Gen. x: 21, and 1st Chron. SHEMATAIAI, 2. —cat obeys the
i:5. In the former place it is said,      Lord.
"Japheth the elder," and in the latter   SHEMAIAA   was one of the sons of
tie sons of Japheth are reckoned in Adonikam, a chief of those who went
their genealogy first. We suppose with Ezrafrom Babylon. Ezra, x: 21.
Shem  is mentioned first because he
was in the line of laessiah. See Matt. SHEMAIAH, 3. —That o beys t h-e
i, and Luke, iii. His chief excellency   Lord.
over his brothers, or his descendants   SrIEMMM-I-was one of those who asover theirs, was this: that he was in sisted Nehemiab in rebuilding the was
the regular line from Noah of the corn- of Jerusalem. Nlehemiah, iii: 20.
ing " seed of' the woman" that was to
bruise the serpent's head.  And to SHEMAIAH, 4.-W.hat obeys the
this probably Noah referred when he       Lord.
said, "Blessed be the Lord God of   SHEEMaAI-1 was the Latherof Delaiah
Shem, and Canaan shall be his servant. who, with several other p r i n c e s,
God shail enlarge Japheth, and he was sent in company with Macaiah,
shall dwell in the tents of Shem.'  His with a roll of threatening prophecies,
family has been called, by way of emi- or rather reported the roll to the king,
nence, the holy family, because the and sent for Baruch to reacd them.
progenitors of the Messiah sprang from  Jeremiah, xxxvi.
him.
SHEMATAH, 5. —T fhat o beys the
S-IE'MAiA, 1-[Shem-a-i-ah,] that        Lord.
ohbey. the Lord.                  SHEMA1AH was the first-born son of
Obed-Edom, and one of the sacred porSEi.rAiAii was a prophet of the thes. 1st Chron. xxvi: 4.
Lord, who, when Rehoboam  raised a
vast army in Judalz, to subdue the ten SHEMEBER -- [Shem-e/-ber,] name
tribes who had revolted under Jero-      of force, fare of the stronq.
boam, spake to him  against it.  2d   Sn1EME BERt was the king of Zeboim,
Chron. xi: 4.  Ele told lRehoboam that and was associated with the, kings of
le should not go up, nor fight against Sodom  an d Gomorrah, Admah and
his brethren, but the army should be Zoar, in a battle, in tlhe vale of Siddim,
disbanded and each man return to his with the confederate kings, Amraphel,
house; and so Rehoboam  w a s pre- A r i o ch, Chedorioamer and Tidal.
vented from  fighting with Jeroboam  These four kings conquered the kings
then. And when Riehoboam and his of the cities of the plain. Genesis, xiv:
subjects forgot God, and forsook him, 2-8.
Shishak, the ki-ng of Egypt, took many
of the fenced cities, ancld came up SH1EMDIA —[She-mi'-dah,] wamew of
against Jerusalem. And the prophet,    cknowledge, that puts knowledge,
Shemaiah, came to Rlehoboam, and the     the science of the heavens.
princes of Judalh, and charged their,in upon them, and boldly declared that   S-MnIDA was a descendant of the
God llhad punished them in this way. patriarch Joseph, and his name occurs
The king and the princes believed him, in the summing up of the Manassites
and humbled themselves before God, with the other Israelites in the plains
when this prophet was ordered of the of Moab. Num. xxvi: 32. He was
Lord to tell them, that as they had the head of an extensive family called
humbled themselves he would not de- the Shemidaites. How  many there
stroy them, but would grant them de- were of his posterity in the time of
liverance from  Shishak, and he did  3M1 a n a s s e h, as reckoned, which
although the treasures of the house o# amounted to fifty-two thousand, seven
Lord, and the tricasures of the kinag's hundred, we do not know.




SHE                [433]               SHI
SHE1IMUEL-[She'-mu-el.]             unto Jerusalem."  Sheshbazzar was
Was the son of Ammihud, of the probably his Chaldean name, while
tribe of Simeon, and one of the princes Zerubbabel was his Jewish n a me..
that assisted Joshua and Eleazar in Ez. v: 16. [See Zerubbabel.]
dividing the land of Canaan among the
tribes of Israel. Num. xxxiv: 20.    S:HETHiAR-BOZNAI — [She'tharboz'na-i,] that makes to rot and'
SHEPHATIAH, 1 —[Shef-a-ti'-ah,]         corruvpt.
The Lord thatjucdges.             Sr~ITIP-BozNmAj was engaged with
SHEPIATIAH was one of the sons Tatnai, who was governor of provinof David, born unto him in HIebron. ces belonging to the Persian empire,
There were six of them  born there in enquiring as to the authority -under
before he took up his residence in which Zerubbabel and hiscompanions
Jerusalem1n, viz: Amnion, Daniel or acted in building the house of the
Chileab, Absalom, Adonijah, and Ith- Lord at Jerusaleml. They acted very
ream. 1st Chron. iii: 1-3.          discreetly since they did not understand why these Jews were building.
SHEPHATIAH, 2 —Tte Lord athat the temple, they asked them, "Who
ju3dges.                        hath commanded you to build this,
S-EPHATIAAI, the son of Iaachah, house, and to make up this wall?"
was the ruler of the tribe of Simeon. They received a respectful answer,
]st Chron. xxvii: 16.               and then wrote to Darius the Chaldean king, s etting forth the facts.
SSHEPIO —[She'-fo                   clearly, with prudence and caution,,
Was the son of Shobal and the and evidently without an exhibit of
grandson of Seir, the Horite. Gen. prejudice, and they closed their letter
xxxvi: 23.                          by asking the king how they should
proceed in the ratter.  And they
S11ER.AH-[She/'-r sh.               suggested to the king that sar c 1
STERAH was the daughter of Be- should be made for the decree of
riah. She is referred to in Ist Chron. Cyrus, to which these Jews referred,.
vii: 24, and must have been a person if such a decree had been made, and.
of some considerable importance. they said, "Let the king send his.
She built Beth-horen, the nether and pleasure to us concemning this nmatupper; also Utzzeu-Sherah. The ne- ter."  Ezra, v: 6-17.
ther and upper Beth-horen were both   Darius made search for the decree,
in the tribe of Ephraim —one in the and foundcl it at Aemetha, in the preysouth and the other in the north of ince of the Modes, and we have a
their inheritance. And Uzzeu-She- transcript of it recorded in Ez. vi:
rah was, it is likely, a city of consid- 3-5.  Darius then confirms the decrable size an d importance in the cree, and sends the confirmation to
same tribe.                         Tatnai, and Shethar-boznai, and the
result was, they encouraged the Jews.
SilESH-BAZZAR-[Shesh-bazzar,] to proceed with their work.
joy in tribulation, or of vintage.
SHrESHIABAZZAR was pro}ably the SHITLLEM-[Sfhillem.]
same person as Z e r u b b a b e 1, the   Was the son of Naphtali,. and: is'
builder of the second temple. He is numbered with the family of Jacob,.
set forth in Ezra, i: 8, as a prince of who went down into Egypt. Genesis,
Judah, in whose handscl  Cyrus placed xlvi: 24.
the vessels of the house of the Lordl
which Nebuchadnezzar had brought SIMgMEI, 1-[Shin'e-i,] that hears,.
forth out of Jerusalem, and put in      2rrne of the heapqj my revlution.
the house of his gods. And in the   SI-IImEI was a brother of-Laadan,
eleventh verse of the same chapter, it and they were G-ershonites, as we see
is said, "All the vessels of gold and in the reckoning of the sons of Levi,
silver were five thousand four hun- the descen dats of Gersh-on, Kohath
dred. All these did S h e s h b a zz a r and Aierari. 1st Chron. xxiii: 6-12.
bring up with them of the captivity, He had four sons, viz: Jahath,
that were brought up from Babylon Zina, Jeush and Beriah. We gather:
28




s$11               [434]                SE11
from  the account given of Shimei, he was flying from  Jerusalem.  low
that his posterity was comparatively himloie he Nwas, as he cast himself besmalI, "he had not many sons."  Be- fore the returning king, just ashe steping small, his family was united with ped off the ferry boat on which lie had
that of Laadan, and the two were crossed the Jordan.  2d Sam. xix.
reckoned as one..                    David! pardoned. him., but ever after
that watched hinm and his condutct, and
SiHilIiE I, 2 —tat hears, name of the in his dying charge  to Solomon said,
heap, m.y rep utation.           "Hold him not guiltless, for thou art
Smuir  was a Benjamnite, and a kins- a wise man, and knowest what thou
man of Saul. He is brought to our oughtest to do unto him; brt his hoary
notice as a hater of King David. head bring thou down to the grave
When Absalomn  conspired against his with blood."
father, and seduced the people from    Solomon commanded Shim ei to
their allegiance  to him, and  w a' build a house in Jerusalem, and stay
compelled to leave the city of Jerusalem  there and not go forth from this city
to save his life, and ly to the wilderness. for if' he did he should die. I-Fe did
Though ie was attended by his body- not in roecrae    hm  in  dun geon
gar, and many of his f iends' yet though he probablydeserved it; but
thisBenjamiten met him and cnrsedim, Solomon made the city of Jerusalcn
and th-rew stones at the king, and ac- his prison, and, the penalty for escapcostead him in the most abusive and in- ing fron SenIsaleim, or gohig outtside
suiting langaage. EIe charged David the walls, to pass over tlhe brook Kiwith being a bloody mtan, and thec dron, the king  declared should be
muxe-lerrof the house of Saul. Abi- death. Shilmei agreed to it, for he
shai who was with David became so said; "The saying is good; as amy
enraged that he asked the king to let Lord the King hath scaid so will tny
him go at once and kill Shimei. But servant do."  All went on well with
Davidi would not allow it, for he reas- hinm for three years, when two of his
oned with Abishai thus, "Behold, my servants ran away, and he heard of
son which canle ~borth of my bowels, them  in the country of Gath, and
seeketh my life, now much more now went after them to bring them bake.
may this Benjamite cdo it; let him alone, Soon king Solomo n learned that
and let him curse, for the Lord hath Shimei had been to the country of
bidden him," and so Shimei kept on Achish and returned, and he sent and
cursing and throwing stones, and casting callecl him before him  to account for
dust. 2d Sam. xvi.                   his conduct in violating his ob!igaAfter the rebellion headed by Absa- tion. It was indeed strange  that he
lom  was crushed, the king returned should so far forget the charge he was
again to Jerusalem, and on the way under from  Solomo010111011, as to rush into
Shimei canme to meet him, and knowing the very jaws of death, by followirng
full well that he deserved death for his two fugit.ives; for had lie reported to
cruel treatment of David, he entreated the king that two of his servants had
for his life, acknowledging in the most gone, he would probably have had
humiliating manner his sin. Abisbsi them returned. But he went himself
who h1ad desired to kill him when offer- after them. The king told him that
ing the insult to the king, and who was for his ofense he should die, and so
yet with David, asked if Shimei should he fell by the hand of Benaiah, the
not be put to death. He answered him  son of Jeihoiada. 1st Kings ii.
that he should not, that no nman should
be put to death that day in Israel.  It SHIMET, 3 - That hears, name of
seems from the account given of his    the heap, mny reputation.
meeting D]avid, that lie was a powerful   He is called the  aamnathite, and was
chieftain of the land, for lihe ha  a placed by king David over the vineretinue of a thousand men, beside Ziba, yards. - st Chron. xxvii: 27.
the servant of the house of Saul, with
his fifteen sons, and twenty servwants. SIHIMEATHI-[Shim'-e-ath,]
It was probably because of his authority   Was the father of Jozachar, one of
and the retinue that lie had with him, the m u r d e r ers  of King Joash, at
that he was so impudent to David when Millo. 2cd Kings, xii: 21.




SRIT               1435]              SIlO:H3E IbMRON-[Shim'-roij]             mitted them into the hands of those
Was one of the sons of Issachar, who formerly had possession of the
and is numbered with the family of golden shields, viz: the chlief of the
Jacob, who went down into Egypt to guard wlich kept the door of the kin g's
dwell. Gen. xlvi: 13.               house, and whenever the king went into
the temlple the guard carried the brazen;ST:D[NABl —[Shi'-nab.iJ             shields before him3. as he had formerly
SHINAB was the king of Adna, carried the golden &iields.
whose territory was invaded with that   WVe have a still more fall account of
of the other four k ngs of the cities Shishak coming against rlehoboam and
of the plain-H-era, king of Sodom; Jerusalem ini2d Chron.,xii: 2-9. There
Birsha, king of G-omorrah; Sheme- we learn that he commanded an army
ber king of Ze oim; and the king in that exjpedition, of twelve hundred
of Zoar. The invaders were four ch.riots and six thousand horsemen,
kings, viz: Amraphel, king of Shi- besides' a very laIe number of the peonar; Arioch, king of illaser; Ched- ple who were not regular soldiery, but
orlaomer, king of Elam; and Tidal, volunteers of the Lubim and Sulkiik
king of the nations. Gen. xiv: 1, &c. and Ethiopians.
SHIPHRARH-[Shif'-rahj hazndsome, SH11 MAI-{-[Shit'-ra.]
trumpet, that does good.          SuT-Pui., the Sharonite, was placed
SnLPimRA    was an - Eg5ptian mid- by King David over the herds tehrt fed
rifb who is spoken of in conneetion in Sharon.  1st Chron. xxvii: 29.
with Puah, another one of them., in
Ex. i:15. Theywee probaiblychjef S HIOBAB — [Sho'-bab,] returnged,
among this class of Egyptian women,     turned bcck.
which accounts for the king of Egypt   WaIs one of the sons born unto David
giving the charge to theni to kill all in Jerusalem.'There were eleven of
the mal e chicldren of the Israelite thlem. The following are their names:
women as soon as they were  born': Shamnmah., Nathan, Solomon, hliar,
"If it be a son, then ye shall kill Elishmama, Nepheg, and Japhia, Elihim; but if it be a daughter, then shua, Eliada, and Eliphalet, as,iven
she shall live."  They did not obey in 2d Sam. v: 14-16.
the comm —nd of the king fully, and
the reason given is:  "They feared S1OBACH —[Sho/-bak,] yozur bonds,
G-od."  Fearing God, they saved the     your ets, his captivity; according
men children alive. The God of the      to the Syriac, a dove-house.
Israelites approved of the course of  SILOBAC was the general of the Sythese women. "He dealt well with rians under Hadarezer. Hi-e is called
them, and made them houses'."       the captain of the host, 2d San. x: 16.
The Syrians had been hired by the P2-.SHIPHTAN-[Shif'-tan.]             monites to make war upon lDavid, and
Was the father of Kenuel, the prince they did, but were defeated. Not heof the tribe of Ephraim, who assisted ing satisfied with their defeat, they de-:in dividing the land. Numb. xxxiv: 24. termined to war upon David again, and
AHadarezer gathered together a ]argg.SHISfAK —[Shi/-shak,] present of army, and placed it in the chs rge of
the bag, of the pot, of_ the thigh.   Shobach, his general. He had seven
SiirsriAK was a king of Egypt, who hundred chariots and forty thousand
is referred to in 1st Kings, xiv: 25, &c., cavalry, or horsemen. But David's
as invading the land of Judea in the army conquered thenl again, and smote
fifth year of Rehoboam. He came up Shobach, their general, when the Syragainst Jerusalem, and pevailed inso- anS acknowledged themselves conquered
much that he took away the treasures and would no more help the Ammonof the house of the 2Lord, and the treas- ites. 2d Sam. xvi: 19
ures of the king's house. It is, said he
even took away all. He confiscated the SIIOBAL-[Sho-baL]
shields of gold which Solomon had   Was the eldest son of Seir, the Hormade, and Rehoboam made brazen ite, who inhabited the land of Lotan.
shields in the stead of them, and cor- Gen, xxxvi: and in the 23d verse the




~SHO               [436]               SIR
following persons are named as his sons:   Judah is supposed to have been.
Alvan,.Manahath, Ebal, Shepho, and very young when he took this woman
Onam.                               to wife and lived with her. She was
one of another nation —yet Judah
SHOBI.                              "'took her " and she was the mother
SuIOBI was the son of' Nahash, of of Er and Onan, who  were both
Rabbah, of the children of Ammon. wicked before the. Lord and he slew
ie, with' several otherfriends of'iDavid, them. She was also mother of Jumet him at Mahanaim with refresh- dah's son Shelah, and from Genesis,,
ments and provisions.  "They brought xxxviii: 5, we learn that about the
beds, and basins, and earthen vessels, time Shelah was grown,. Shuah, Juand wheat and barley, and flour and dah's wife, died.
parched corn, and beans, and Ientiles,
and parched pulse, and honey, and SHUBAEL-[Sihu'-ba-el.]
butter, and' sheep, and cheese of kine,   Was one of the ministers in the
for David, and for the people that temple under the order of service inwere with hil, to eat; for they said, stituted in the time of David. 1st
For the people are hungry and weary Chron. xxiv: 20:
and thirsty in the wilderness.'"
The father of Shobi is probably SHUHAM-[Shu'-haam.]
the one referred- to in 2cd Sam. x: 2,   Was of the tribe of Pan, and the
who, showed kindness to David.      head of the. family in that tribe called
Shuhamites. Num. xxvi: 42.
SHOHAM
Was one of the ministers in the tem- SHUNI  -[Shu~-ni.]
pie under the order of service instituted   Was one of the sons of Gad, and is
in the time of David,  1st Chron. xxiv: numbered with the family of Jacob,
27.                                 who went down into Egypt. Genesis
Tlvi: 16.. HFe was head ofthe family
SIJOMER                             of Shunites.
Was the father of Jehozabad- one of
the murderers of King Joash.  2d SHIUPH-IAM-[Shu'-fam..
Kings, xii: 21.                       Was of the tribe of Benjamin, and:
the head of the family in that tribe'
SHUA-[Shu'-ah.]                     called Shuphamites. Num. xxvi: 39.
SSHUA was a woman of the tribe of
Asher, noticed in the genealogy in 1st SHUPPIM.
Chron. vii: 32.  She was the daugh-   Was one of' the sacred porters, and
ter of Hieber, and the sister of' Japh- was associated with Hosah, another
let, Shomer and Hotham.             sacred porter, in keeping the westward.
gate.  1st Chron. xxvi: 16.  He is
SHUAIt, 1 —[Shu'-ah,]i pit, humili- supposed to have been captain of a
ation, meditation.              thousand men.
SiHUAH was one- of the sons of
Abraham by Keturah, and is referred S 11 U T H E L Ah- -[Sthm -the-lah,]j
to in Gen. xxv: 2, in company with      plant, verdure, moist pot.
his five brothers, Zimran, Jokshan,   Was one of the sons of Joseph, and
Meclan, Midian and Ishbak.          of the tribe of Ephraim,  and the head'
of the family of that tribe called ShuSIIUAH, 2-Pit, hutmiliation, medi- thalhites. Num. xxvi: 35.
tation.
SHifAH  was the daughter of a Ca- SIBBECHAI —[Sib'-be-ka.]
naanite. Gen. xxxviii: 2. She was   SIBBECHATI thellushathite, slew at
a member of the family of Hirah, Gezer or Gob in the Philistine war,
who lived in the city of Adullam. Sippai, that was of the children of the
The Adullamite may have kept a giants; and in the same war Elhbanan
house of entertainment which  ac- slew Lahmi, the brother of Goliath,
counts for Judah being there, and pos- the Gittite; and Jonathan, David's
sibly may account for Shuah being brother, slew another giant who had
there alsor                         twenty-four fingers: and toes, and was,




8SI                L                    Sim  J  ""
-of great stature. 1st Chron. xx: 4. motheus, as an associate preacher with,Sibbechai was the captain  of the Paul, and it is quite likely that the
eighth month when David instituted apostle refers to Silvanus in 2d Cor.
-the monthly service of captains over. viii: 18; "the brother whose praise is
twenty-four thousand men.  lst; in all the churches."  In both the
-Chron. xxvii: 11.                    epistles that Paul writes to the Thessalonians, he sends the salutations of Sil-'SIDON-[Si-don,] hunting, fishing, vanus and Timothy.  And it is thought
veniso.n.                         he wrote, or transcribed the epistle to
SIDON was the first-born son of' Ca- the Pomans, calling himself "Tertius. "
naan, and the grandson of -.Iam, and is. Rom. xvi: 22.  I-ce also wrote, or tranreferred to in the posterity of H-am. scribed, the first epistle of Peter.  1st:Genesis, x-: 15.                     Peter, v: 12; "]By:Silvanus, a faithful brother unto you, as I suppose, I
SILAS — [Si/-las,] three, the thirfd.  have written."  It is thought that -SilSILAS was one among the primitive, vanus died after a faithful service of
_preachers of Christ's gospel, and was many years in the infant church, and
probably one of,Jon's dlisciples, and it that hIe probably suffered martyrdoms
has'been thought he was one of the but of the manner of Ihis death, or the
two disciples, that John the Baptist precise time of it, we are not certain.
aent to FJesus to ask him, "Art thou'
he that should come, -or do,we look for: SIIMEON, 1l-[Sim'eon,] that hears
aCnother?"'  att. xi: 3; but of t h i s  or obeys,'there is no certainty.                 SuIEON was t!he second son of the
Hle was a companion of Paul, sent patriarch Jacob. When he was yet'by the Antioch church, to the council a young man, he was associated with'at Jerusalem, and by that council he his brother Levi, in taking vengeance
was sent, in conmpany with Paul and on the men of Shechem, for the inFBarnabas, and Judas, or Barsabas, to' jury that -lhad been done to Dinah
the various churches with the letters their sister.  The a    oG  u n t of the'of the council. We learn from Acts, stratagem  and murder of E- a 1n o r
xv, and xvi, that he went with Paul Sheceem  and the men -of that place,
after'he and Barnabas separatcd, and is given in Genesis, xxxiv.
became for a time that apostles con-   Simeon went down to Egypt with
~stant companion.  They weit together his brethren to buy corn.  Joseph'through Syria, and Silicia, confirming accused them) all of being spies, and
the churches, and at Phillippi, t h e put lthem together in ward for three'city of that part of Macedonia, they dcays, and at the expiration of that
were both cast into prison, but they to-' tine, he liberated all' of them, except
-gether rejoiced in their imprisonnent, Simeon, and sent them to their father
-fbr at midnight they prayed and sang with corn, u n d e r the command to
praises to God, and were not only mi- bring their youngest brother, who was
raculously delivered, but they witnessed yet at home, down with them.  " I-e
the powerful conversion of the jailor.. took from  them  Simeon, and bound
When Paul was compelled to quit:l him before their eyes."  It is thought'Thessalonica, Silas and Timothy went that the reason Simeon was detained
with him to Berea; but when it becamel and bound by Joseph was, he was the
necessary for the apostle to leave th.at one that bound Joseph, and put him
place, Silas and Timothy remained be — into the pit. S i in e o n remained in
hind, until the brethren that had con- Egypt till his brother came down the
veyed Paul to Athens, returned with. second time to buy corn, when he was
t h e commandment for them to come brought out and again associated with
on'; Acts, xvii, and xviii; and they left them, and before he returned with
Macedonia and joined Paul again.      them  to their father, Joseph made
himself known unto all. G enriesis,
SILVANUS-[Syl-va'-nus,] one who xlii: 24.
loves the woods.                    W hen he went down with his faSILVANUS is supposed by some to be ther and brothers, and their families,
the same as Silas. In 2d'Cor. i: 19, into Egypt to reside, he had six sons.
he is asswiated with -Timothy, or Ti- They were Jemuel, and Jamin, and




SiM                 [438]                SIm
Ohad, and Jachin, and Zohar, and were not honored with any very distinShaul, and h is descendants from five guished or noted persons in their tribe
of these sons were very numerous. as the other tribes nearly all were, andi
When they went out of the land of their inheritance was very small.  It is
Egypt, there were fifty-nine thousand true that when David was made king
three hundred Simeonites that were of' Israel, there were seven thousand
able to bear arms, and they w ere one hundread of the Simeonites present,
under the command of Shelumiel, the and joining in the coronation ceremonson, of Zuri-Shaddai. Gen. xlvi: 10; ies.  lst Chron. xii: 25.
Exodus, vi: 15:  unmbers, ii: 12.       They revolted as a tribe under JeroWVe learn that the extensive. -ami- boeam with the other nine tribes, but.
lesa cilc.l Nenmuelites, Jaminites,  many of them  afterwards came back.
Jachiaites,  Zarhites and Shaulites,  again and submitted to the King of
weie Sicmeon's descendants.  Nu m. Juda.   Ina the time of Asa the
xxvi 12 -13. Their spy to search out strangers of Judal, Benjamin, Ephraim
the promilsed land, was 5haphat, the!Manassolh and Simeon, were gatheregd
son of H-!ori, and their representative unto hhi.  2d dhron. xv: 9.
to divide the land of Canaan,   as    When Canaan   as ravaged by the
Shemuel, the son of Ain mnih  d. Assyrians, a body of the Simeonites
Numbl. xiii 5, and xxxiv  20. 20      reti-redc southward and took possession
We have an account in Numhbers, c   ci tlc country of the Amalekites. Their
xxv, of the idolatry of the Isrlaelites, genealogy is given, and their taking
at Shittim. They committed ivhore — possession of this.   1st Chron. iv
don with the, daughters of 1Moab, and "4 —43', N1;e have an account of Josiah,
sacrificed and b o w e d down to the during Iis reign and reformation, degocds of Moab.  Thley joined them- stroyigl idolatry in Judah,.  Manassedh,
selves unto Baelpeor.  As a tribe, Ephraim,   Siimeon and Naphtali. 2d
they are, implicated in the matter of Chronicles, xxxiv: 6.
Zimri and Cozbi, and a very large part
of the ttweinty-Iour thousand that were SIMEOIN, 2 —hat lears or obeys.
cut oif, were like Zimri of that tribe.   SIaLEON was an aged saint in Jerusea
This is pretty evident from  the f:act ltcm, who was about tlhe temple wbhen
reported in Nurebors, xxvi: 14, of the christ was born,  He h1dc long waited.
wonderful d e o r e a s e of thlis tribe; for the coming Messiahl, for God had
there were but twenty-two thousand. told him by the spirit,. that lie shoruld
And it may be, that their very great not die till he had seen the Savior. The:
wickedness for which they were thus character of this good man is presented
punished, was the reason why IMoses briefly but clearly in Luke, ii: 25.
did not expressly bless them when he "And  behold  there  was a man in
blessed the other tribes.             Jerusalem  whose name was Simeon;
In DPeu. xxxiii, we have an account and the same man was just, and dcevout,
of the prophetio declaration a1nd bless- waiting for the consolation of Israel;Y
ing- of Moses of the various tribes, and the Holy Ghost was upon him."
hbut Simeon ilef out. Andc we may see It is further said that God, by the
in the prophetic language of the dying HtIoly Ghost assured lhim that he should
Jacob, Ge n e s i s x I v iii   6, 7an not die before he he had seen the Lord's
allusion to the descendlants of Simeon, Christ.  Under the influence of the
their sins and their punishment. " I spirit, lie went to the temple just at the
will divide them in Jacob, and scatter time that Joseph and Maary presentend
them in Israel."                      the child Jesus there.  As soon as his
We have an. account in Joshua xix:  eyes,  already din with age, lighted
1, 8, and in Jud. i: I, 20, of the lot upon the mother and her infant, his
that was apportioned this tribe, or their -vision was strengthened, and his nainheritance within the inheritance  of tureo's iiling fire was. rekindled as he rethe tribe of Judah.  The Simeonites cognized in the person of that babe, the
and the children of Judah were associ- Savior of mankind. He sprang to the
ated together in attacking and conquer- side of the mother and clasped her babe
ing the Canaanites and Perizzites, and in his arms, "and blessed God, and
killing Adonibezek.  The Simeonites said, Lord now lettest thou thy servant
never became noted as a tribe.  They depart in peace, for mine eyes, have




SIM                 [439]                Sim,seen thy salvation."  He seemed now  the Gospel in Egypt and other places,
to  be willing to die, nay more, lhe and was fialry martyred with the aposseemed desirous of immediate dceath,  te Jude.
since he had seen the Savior of mankind, the light of the world, the glory SI  ON, 3 —cat hezarcs or obeys.
of Israel.                               SIMON, surnamed Peter, was the
Joseph and Mary listened with won- brother of Andrew, and the first of the
der and astonishment to this language apostles chosen.  lie was probably the
of Simeon, as also to the declaration oldest man among the twelve, and
that this child " is set for the fabll and heads the list of apostles.  Iatt. x: 2;
rising again of manmy in Israel, and for Luke vi: 14.  [See Peter.'
a sign wilich shall be spoken against.
There was something to thein pecul- SIMON, 4-That bears or obeys.
iarlv strange in this language of the   SImoN, who is called the Phamisee, is
aged, just and dcleout Simeon.  -le referred to in Luke vixi: 36, &c.  He
evidently enjoy-ed, just at this time, the- entertained the Savior in his house, and
s5ir t; o1 prophecy in a large degree; whil;e Jesus sat at meat; a woran came
fItr lie said to Mry, " Yea., a sword in that was a sinner, with a box of costly
i3all pierce through  tlhine oiwn soul ointment, and anointedhis  t. t  Simon
also, thati the thoughts of nany hearts knew the. woman to 1be a sinner, and
n.-may be revealed."  That prophecy was wondered that his distinguished guest
f clil}ed when Kary, tihe nother of Jc- did not repulse her.  He tho u  h t
sus, looked on himn as he hung in agony within himself that Jesus did not k-now
on the cross; and in deep sympathly her character; but in this he was miswith'her sorrow-strickcn soudl, saicl, taken, for he not only knew whbat she
"Wolnain, behold thy son."  Luke, ii: was, but he knew the thoughts of Si26-35; John, xix: 26. It has I-een mon's heart. Addressing hilmself to
said that Simeon was the son of the, Simon, Jesus said: "I have somewhat
Jewish R    abbi, Hillel, and the teacher to say unto thee," and upon lis expressof Gaua.iela, who tauglit Saul of Tarsus. ing a wi7llizgness to hear himn, Jesus Yep oe-dl him for his thoughts, and comSoiON,  — [Si"-mon,] thcat hezrs ors o    el ded th'-s oman for her sacriflC,
obeys.                            faith -and love, and attentions to him.
SIn.ON was the eon of Cleopas and H-o  gave Simon a very good reason for
M'a ry.  lIe, vith his brother James, this woman's condUct, viz: much had
the less, was the kinsman of our Lord. been forgiven, andl she loved much.
In IM-att. xiii  55, the entire:fmily of
Cleopas is referred to:  "James, and SIMON, 5, 5- That Iears and obeys.
Joses, and  Simon, and Judas,  and   Smfo,  called Simon the leper, lived
lins sisters; are they not all with us?" at Bethany, and entertained Jesus t1bere.
See also, 1Mark vi: 3. Simon is aidl We have  an account  lf h1im in Matt.
to have been the Bishop of the church xxvi: 6, &c., giving the hospitalities of
at Jerusalem, after the death of his his house to Jesus at the time that his
brother James, and that he was put to body was anointed for his burial by a
death by Trajan, after beinp: terribly certain wonzan, supposed to be the
tortured for several days.             Bethany Tiary. The same circumnstance
is referred to in P ark, xiv: 3, &c.
SIMON, 2 —Tctht hec,'s or obeys.
SIAION, called Simlon the Canaanite, SI0ON, 6- That hears or obeys.
or Simon Zelotes, was one of t-he twelve  NWas the father of Judas IscaTiot.
apostles. Matt. x: 4; Luke vi: 15. We know nothing further about him
I-e was probably called the Canaa-nite Lth1an this. He is -mentioned in Jomn.
because he was of Cana of Galilee, and vi: 71 and xii: 4.
it is thought he was called Zelotes because of his zeal, or furious bigotry SIMON, 7-That hears or obeys.
against the right of the iRomans to col-   SmoNO  is called the Cyrenian, tnhe
lect tax or tribute of -the Galileans.  father of Alexander and lRufus-two
W~5here he spent his days, ancd per- men who  aft-er-vards became noted
formed his labor as an apostle, is not christians.  Three of the Evangelists,
known. It is thought that he preached give the account of this Simon carry



SImR               [440]               sIS
ing the cross for Jesus. Matt. xxvii: apostle then exhorted him to repent
32; Mark xv: 21; and Luke xxiii: of his wickedness, for he was yet
26. Whether he was a Jew or Gen- in the gall of bitterness, and in the
tile we do not know; nor do we know  bond of iniquity. Simon AMagus then
whether he sympathized with Jesus, asked the apostle to pray for him-to
and because of his sympathy was com- intercede with God for him that the
peilecd to bear the cross. W5e only threatened  evils miglt be averted.
know that the Jews hailed him as he Acts viii: 5-24.
came near them, just as the sufferer
had fallen the third time under the SDi3-1PI
load, and they laid it upon hEm, or   Was the chief of the sons of IHosah,
compelled him to carry one end o:f it. and one of the sacred porters.  1st
It is thought that this Simon after- Chron. xxvi: 1M
wards bec-ame a preacher, and died a
martyr.                             SISERA - [Sis'-e-rah,] that sees a
horse or swallow.
SIM0N, 8.-That hears or obeys.        SIsISA was a general under Jabin,
SIrON was a tanner who lived by kfing of Canaan.  It was the Jabin
the sea-side, with whom  Pieter was with whom Barak, who commanded
lodging at the time he had thIe vision the army of Deborah, foutght. HEI  is
upon the house-top, which led him to introduced to our notice as the captain
go unto the Gentiles as a teacher. of Jabin's army; and we have an acPeter went from Lydda to Joppa, at count of the battle he fought, and in
the call of the friends of Dorcas, which he was conquered, in Judg. iv.
whom  he raised to life. After the   The,prophetess Deborah received a
miracle he tarried many days with revelation from Grd to the effect that
Simon, a tanner. Cornelius was in- Israel should no longer be opposed by
structed to send toJoppa, to the house Jabin; and she called Barak and told
of Simon.  His messengers went to him that the Lord would give their enthe house, and were enquiring at the emies into their hands, —that Sisera
gate if Simon lived there, while Peter -,hould be d r a w n out to the river
was thinking on the vision.  The Kishon, with his chariots and soldiery,
spirit bade him  go down from  the to battle, and that the battle should go
house-top, and receive their message against him.
and attend them, and he did so.       As soon as Sisera learned that Barak
was preparing for battle he made ready
SIMhON, 9 —That hears or obeys.     his nine hundred iron chariots, and
SimON was called Simon Alagus. marshalling his entire army he went to
HIe was a noted sorcerer in the coun- battle. It was not long until the battle
try of Samaria. He had acquired for turned in favor of Israel, and the whole
himself a great name, and was looked army of the Canaanites was utterly
upon as a very extraordinary person. overthrown.  The a r m y was conBut while the apostles p r e a c h e d founded, or thrown into confusion, so
Christ, and wrought miracles, and that Israel had little to do but to
made many converts, Simon Magus pass on, kiing andpoursuing; and the
professed to be converted to the chris- victory was so complete that not one of
tian faith, and was baptized.  He the vast army was left. Sisera himself
looked on the apostles and their work fled away on foot, for he was compelled
with seeming admiration, and espe- to abandon his chariot; and in his
cially when he saw that by the laying flight he turned into the tent of Jael,,on of hands the Holy Ghost was com- the wife of Ieber, thinking, in all
municated to the people. He asked probability, that she would befriend
the apostles to give him power, that him, and that in her tent he could be
on whomsoever he laid hands they hid from his pursuers. He thought if
might receive it.  HIe offered them  Barak did pursue, he would not think
money to give him that power. Peter of entering the apartment of the tent'rebuked him  saying: "Thy money of Heber that Jael his wife, occupied.
perish with thee, because thou hast But while he laid down in the tent to.thought that the gift of GCod may be sleep, supposing himself to be quite
purchased with money," &c.  The secure, Jael went softly to him with a




SIS                [441]               SOL
nail in one hand and a hammer in the Lord to the father and mnother with
other, and p!acing the point oz the nail another  name, "Jedidiah,"  which
or spike on his temple, and holding it signifies " beloved of the Lord."  2d
there a moment with one hband with Sam. xii: 25. This latter name was
the other hand she wielded the hanm- not designed to be the name by which
mer in driving it through his temples. he should be called, but to designate
He was lying there fhast asleep and -his character as the coming king of
wearied exceedingly with the fatigues Israel, and the honor that God would
of the battle and his flight, and-the confer upon him  by making him the
piercing of his temples put him at once instrument of building the magnifipast all resistance, and lhe died. In a cent temple where God was to record
short time Baralk, who was pursuing his name, and dwell in the holy Shechim, came up, and Jael showed him  hinah. It is quite likely that Nathan
Sisera as he lay in her apartment of gave David the information at this
the tent pinned to the ground.       time tlhat Solomon  should succeed
The mother of Sisera waited a long him, and that he should carry out his
time for his return, but she waited in plan and design for building a temple
vain. She thotught that he surely had to the Lord. This same prophet had
been victorious, and was detaining to told David before that the honor of
divide the spoil; but in this she was building the Lord's house was to be:mistalken, for her son was dead, aind rjeserved for his son, 2d Sanm. vii: 5,
_rktei was exulting in  ictt-ory.  [See and now he designated Solomon whom
Barak.]                              he calls Jedidiah, as that son.
Of the early part of Solomon's life
SIT-IRI. [or Zithri.]                we know but little. It is reasonable
SrIuni with his brother )Misbael to suppose that he was educated with
and Elzaphan, was a son of Uzziel, all the advantages and flacilities of his
a.nd a grandson of Kohlath, of the time, and that his mind was well dethe tribe of Levi.  As Amrtnam, the veloped for his years when he attained
father of IMoses, iAaron and Nl iriaml  earlyl manhood. David knowing that
was their father's brother, they sus- Solomon was to build the terple,
tained the relation of cousins to the ma'de great preparations duriLg his
illustrious. trio who led Israel out of li-etime for that important work, preEgyptian bondage. Ex. vi: 22.        paring materials and training his son
up with great care.  Adonijah the
SO-A mneasuzre for gra'i or cdry nmat- eldest son of David  was about to
ters.                            usurp the  throne before David died,
So was the king of Egypt.  We which led himii at once to place SoloI1he an account of a conspiracy in  mon upon it. He ordered Nathan to
which HEoshea, the son of Elah, king lhave hinm  anointed king, which was
of Israel joined himself with So, to done with the greatest solemnity, after
shake off the Assyrian yoke, and free which his father directed himl conhimself  and his kingdom  from  the cerning the important work of his
obligation  to an annual tribute to life, and reign, then gave him a solemn
Ass3yria.  The consequence of this charge as to his conduct in all things
union of Hoshea and So, was the -pronounced his blessing upon him
king of Assyria camne up against Sa- anddclcied.  st Kings, ii: 1st Chron.
ma-nia and besieged it for three years, xxii: 17.
and finally took it and carried Israel   Solomon was but eighteen years of
captive to Assyria. 2d Kings, xvii: 4. age when he began to reign. He married an Aramonitess woman named
SOLOMON - [Sol-o-m onJ peace- Naamah two years before this, and
able, pelrfect, one who recon- and shortly after his reign began he?penses.                         married the daughter of Pharoah,
~ SoLOMON was the son of David king of Egypt, who either before or
and Bathsheba, and the successor of after their marriage became a prosehis father to the throne of Israel. lyte to the Jewish religion-we judge
Though his name was So1emon, so this from the fact that we hear nothnamed at his birth by his father, yet ing of her idolatry, or of the religion
Nathan the prophet was sent by the of her country.




SOL                 [442]                SOL
Young as Solomon was he felt the trees as plentiful as sycamsores.  He
need of divine assistance for the per- fitted out a fleet, that was mlanaged by
formlance of his duties as a sovereign. Tyrians, that made a trip to Ophir every
He earnestly desired success in his three years, that brought back nearly
government, and  sought after the two million pounds sterling.  The nulnLord, and implored the divine favor. her of songs tha-t Solomnon composed
In  company with  his nobles and are given at one thousand and five, and
princes, he offered one thousand burnt the number of his proverbs at three
offerings at Gibeon where the taber- thousand.  See 2 Chron. i: 7-17; also
nacie of the Lord then was. And as 1 Kings, iv: 9-28, and x: 14-29.
a consequence of his earnest seeking   When  HIiram, the king of Tyre,
and devotion, the very night after he he ard that Solomon succeeded his
had offered his sacrifice, the Lord father on the throne of Israel, be sent
appeared unto him  and promised to an embassy to congratulate him, and to
give him whatever he would request. open friendly communication with MMi.
JHe inmmediately requested  of the He received them and their embassage,
Lord to givoe him  wisdom  to qualify and returned an answer, sending necshimi  for his important position of sengers to HIiram  requesting him  to
governing so great a people. The re- render assistance in building a house
qcuest that he thus made pleased the unto the Lord.  He let Hiram  know
Lorid-  and it was met. }le was not that it was his desire to bu.'ild a magonly granted wisdom, but honor and nificent temple to the Lord, and his
wealth. such as no king before him  own people were not skillful in cut ting
had ever possessed, and no king after timber and stone.  The Israelites had
him: should be ccluac to him.         not sawyers, carpenters, joiners n or
IWh1en Solomen awoke from his vision builders equal to the Sidontans.  Sidon
he ~went to Jerusalem  and offered up was a part of the territory of Hiram,
additional sacrifices before the ark of and its inhabitants were, nany of them,
the Lord. Ie offered burnt-offerings, skillful and expert workmen.  Hiramn
and peace-offerings, and made a feast entered at once into an engagement with
to all 1is servants, as well as to his fain- Solomnon to cut down cedars in Lebanon
ily. His wisdom was tested shortly af- and bring them by sea in floats to Joppa,
ter this, and developed by the judgment and so precise was the arrangement b.ewhich he administered in the case of tween these two kings regardinl  the
the two harlots who came to him with a timber to Ibe furnished for the temple,
dead and living child.                that it was not only cut down and sawed,
Solonon's kingdom was,very exten- and hewed, and squared, but it was presive, and lie divided it into cantons and pared fully, and finishled to occupy its
appointed offcers, giving them  direc- appropriate  place in the magnificent
tions as to gover ing.  The king's faro- building. The plan, and arrangement,
ily was very extensive, and he had very and dimensions of the temple, and every
many hlorses and chariots, and he him- piece of ti mber to be used in its conself ecceeded all other men in wisdom  struction was so perfectly understood
and knowledge.  -Ie wrote many prov- by these two kings with   iram  tlhe
erbs and song's, explainLed the nature of architect, that it was sent down the
ve;ectables and animals of every kind coast on rafts, and landed at the desigthen known. And it is said that the nated post, twenty-five miles from Jerukings around him, who were tributary sa.lem. At Joppa it was received by
to him, or allies with him, would often Solomon, and carried to the temple site
send to him, or commune with hiln, to and used in the constrnction of the
get the benefit of his wisdom.        building without any further use for ax
The trade and commerce of Israel, un- or saw, because the timbers were ready
der Solomon, was extensive.  He to be put together.  For the immense
traded in horses and fine linen with the labor that HIiram  performed, Solomon
Egyptians.  Hie traded with Ophir for gave him, as a compensation, twenty
gold, and so with other countries where thousand measures of wheat, twenty
this precious metal was in abundance. thousand measures of barley, t w e n t y
We are informed that he made gold and thousand baths of oil, and twenty thousilver as common in Jerusalem as the sand ba.ths of wine.  2d Chronicles,
stones of the street, and he made cedar ii: 10.




SOL                 [4431'               SOL
It was in the fourth year of Solo- sacrifice on the altar, and again the
meon's reign that the temple began to temple was filled with divine glory;
be built, and in seven years it was fin- and the people were overawed, and
ished.'iesides the large number of reverently bowed with their faces and
workmen who were servants of Hiram, worshiped God.
king of Tyre, there were one hundred   Solomon made a sacrifice of twentyand fifty-three thousand, six hundred two thousand oxen and one hundred
Cauaanites employed, seventy thousand and twenty thousand sheep; and as
of whom  were bearers of burdens, the altar of burnt offering  was not
eighty thousand were diggers in the large enough for this extensive sacrifice,
mountains and cutters of stone, and the middle of the court was consecrated
-three thousand, three hundred were as an altar for sacrifice. After spendoverseers of the work and workmen. ing fourteen days in this dedication
They wrought in the work themselves, ceremony and sacrificing, Solomon disand had charge of the various pieces missed the people, and they returned
that were in the hands of the stone- to their homes honoring God and blesscutters and squarers; and besidces these ing their kiDng. See 1st ][irngs, vii, viii,
last-nanmed overseers there was a reserve ix; 2d Chron. iii-vil.
of three hundred to supply the places   In addition to the temple, Solo1monr
ol such as fell sick or were disabled in built a  uagnificent palace for himsel-f
any way. By the systematic arralnge- and another for Pharaoh's daughter,
ment entered into ard prosec-ut-ed, all his wife, lnd ano her still, called the
the mateials,   both of wood and stono, House of the  Forest o f Lebamon,
lwv-ere prepared at a dist ance, so that which was his royal residence part
there waS not.hins to do in building, but of the ti le. All these buildings were
to put them together. TIhe soun  of a completed in twenty-two years, and
hanmer  or iron tool was not heard in i Hiram, the king of  Tyre, assisted
all thie work of puttiLn the alliterial to- him in buildinfa teem.  In order to
gether;  and Hitami, the architect, had reward him. Soloen.on made him  a
- charge of the /oundry in the plan.   present of twenty citiie  in the land of
This ma ssi've str uct-r -Ie wCas completed Galilee.  But as    t hes, c-ies did not
in seven years irom the time it was be- please  liram   I e restored them  to
gun, wihen it,'as publicly and cevo- Solomon, who ireaidc him  in some
tionally dedicated to God. The account other Way.  -ti:aln called the cities
given us of the preparation for and "Cabul;" i. c.,'a remuneration with
dedication of the temple, is exceedingly whieh I am  cdispleased."  I-Te had
interesting.  Solomon united with the lent Khng Solomon one hundred and
elders of Israel and all the people in twenty talents of gold, which was the
the interesting and joyful ceremonies. occasion of Solomon's levy after the
The ark of the covenant was taken into cities were not received, with which,
it with the sacred things that were de- in all probability, he raised the means
posited therein; and with the ark he and. satisfied the claim.
took the various utensils and ornaments   Solomon took the city of F- amathand put them in th.eir proper places, zobah and made its inhabitants tribuand the whole temple, as the services tary to him.  Hte also built Tadmor
progressed, was filled wSth the cloud of in the wilderness, and he put in good
the divine glory.  So intense was the condition for revenue the store cities
brightness that, the priests were conm- in Hamath.  He also built the upper
pelled for awhile to desist from- their and nether Bethhoerons and Baalath,
ministrations.  "So the priests could and Gezer.  This last city was connot stand to minister because of the quered by Pharaoh, king of Egypt,
cloud, for the glory of the Lord had and given by him  to his daughter,
filled the house of the Lord."   1st Solomon's wife.
Kings, viii: 11. Solomon then stood   Though Solomon did not require
upon a scaffold, and turning his face the Hebrews to labor in building his
to the temple prayed the dedication houses and repairing his cities, but
prayer, after which he turned toward required the Canaanites to perform
the people and blessed them.  God an- the work, yet he taxed them  to raise
cepted his devotions, for fire came the money necessary to meet the exdown from heaven and consumed the pense; and these heavy taxes pro



SOL                [444]              SOS
voked them.   Their taxes were the learned this, he became penitent for his
occasion of the complaint urged by sins, and nmany who read his life inthe elders of Israel to Rehoboam, dulge the hope that he sought and
Solomon's successor:  " Thy father found pardon, and that he finally died
made our yoke heavy, make thou it in the enjoyment of the divine favor.
lighter."  For it is said that his an- Whether this is so or not, it is quite
nual tax upon his own people was six likely that he wrote the book  of
hundred and sixty-six talents of gold, Ecclesiastes after he had fallen, was
in addition to the presents from his reproved, and became repentant, and
allies and tributary kings, and the itis quite likely that he wrote a part of
revenue of his commonwealth. His his Proverbs, especially those by which
government was certainly a powerful he warns his son to beware of thesnares
and wealthy one.                    of wanton women. But if Solomon
But Solomon retained his wisdom  was forgiven, he was visited with tenfor many years. It is said that the poral punishment, for Hladad, the
king of T y r e maintained a corre- Edomite, and Rezon, the Syrian, and
spondence with himn, and that their Jeroboam the son of Nebat who aftercorrespondence consisted, in part, of wards led the ten tribes to revolt, gave
trying one another with hard ques- him  much trouble, and rendered him
tions. Whether this be so or not, very uneasy. There are many things
we are assured in sacred history that to admire in this king, and in the work
the queen of Sheba heard of Solo- he perforimed in the days of his strength.
mon s faIn C, his wisdom, and his But his apostacy from God is to be regreatness, and came from her distant gretted and deprecated.
home to see him, and the develop-   Solomon reigned it is supposed about
ment of his wisdom and greatness in forty years, ancj as he was but eighteen
the temple and the houses that he years of age when he began, he was
hlad built, and to puzzle him with dif- about fifty-eight when he died. Hence
ficult questions. She arrived at the he died comparatively young for the
capital of the kingdomu, and looked time in which he lived. It is quite
with amazeiment upon the magnificent reasonable to suppose that his conduct
buildings, upon the court, and attend- brought on him a degree of premature
ants, and table of the king of Israel. infirmity. HIis history was written by
She saw the evidence of his greatness the prophets Nathan, Abijah and Iddo.
and wisdom, and fainted away with   He was buried in all probability in
surprise. When she recovered from  pomp and splendor, in the sepulcher of
the shock she confessed freely that it his father, in the city of David, and
far exceeded her expectations. "'The Rehoboam reigned in his stead.  lst
half had not been told her."  1st Kings, xi.
Kings, ix, x; 2d Chron. viii, ix. She
made valuable presents to King Solo- SOSIPATE —     [So-sipIa-ter,] wh to
mon, such as none but the ruler of a    defends or saves his ftther.
wealthy kingdom  could, and received   SOSIPATER was probably the same
valuable presents from hin.         person that is referred to in Acts, xx:
With allthe grand and magnificent 4, called "Sopater of Berea," who,
that has thus appeared in the person with several others, a c c o m p a n i c d
and character of Solomon, the latter Paul into Asia. He is referred to in
part of his life was marked with bad IRomans, xvi: 21, under the name
and disgraceful conduct. He took to Sosipater, in the salutations to the
himself seven hundred wives and three church, and in this place it is said he
hundred secondary wives, many of was a kinsman of the apostle Paul.
them were heathens and idolaters. The
influence of these wives over him led S O S T HI E N E S — [Sosthe-nes,] a
him to forsake the Lord and his wor-    strong and powerful savior.
ship; for he plunged into the grossest   SosrmENEs was the chief ruler of
idolatry and built heathen temples and the synagogue at Corinth, and one of
erected heathen idols. Because of his the first converts to christianity in
wickedness, God was angry with him, that city.  When Gallio refused to
and determined to rend his powerful hear the accusations brought against
kingdom  in twain.  When Solomon Paul by the Jews, and drove them




Sos                [I445               STEI
from the judgment seat, some heathen sion, it is quite likely, a man of some
Greeks took S o s t h e n e s, the chief note aning the Jellinist Jews.
ruler of the synagogue, and beat him    Being called to the work and office
before the judgment seat, or under of a deacon, he w as quaclifed for it.
the eye of Gallio; but he cared not He was filled with the Holy Ghost, and
for it, and took no notice of it. preached the word as a deacon, with
Acts, xviii: 12-17. This is probably power, and in the demonstration of
the same person who was converted the spirit, and success crowned his
to christianity, and is called by Paul efforts; "the word of God increased
in 1st Cor. i: 1, S o s t h e n e s, "our and the number of the disciples were
brother."  If so, we lay consider lmultiplied."  He not only preached
that he was an intimate friend and successfully, but hle wrought muany and
colaborer of Paul.                   mighty miracles.  "And Stephen full
of faith and power, did great wonders
STEP?:ANAS-[Ste'a-nas] a crown and miracles among the people."
crowned.                           It was not long until certain Jews
STEP-ANAS was an early convert to disputed with him, and not being able
the christian religion at Corinth. He to compete with him in argument, or
was not only converted himself, but " resist the wisdom and spirit by which
his family were all baptized. If there he spake, they suborned witnesses to
were adults, they believed with him- swear falsely against h i m, declaring
self, and openlyprofessed their faith. that he had blasphemed Moses and
If there were infant children, they God, They soon succeeded in raising
too were baptized. In Ist Cor. i: 16, a mob and caught him and brought him
Paul says, "  baptized also the house- to the council. They hurried himn behold of Stephanus."  This same per- fore the Jewish Sanhedrim and made
son, in comnpan y with Fortunatus and a charge against him of speaking reAcbhaicus visited the apostle Paul Iproachfully against their honored temwhile at Ephesus, andcl were of great pie and the law of Moses. They afservice to him. 1st Cor. xvi: 17-18: firmed that Stephen h ad  said that
"They  have refreshed my spirit." Jesus would abolish the law and deThey were probably the bearers of a stroy the temple. Stephen heard their
letter to Paul, ancd from  him  they accusation and stood up fearlessly, and
were the bearers of this epistle to the undaunted, by t h e s e false charges.
Corinthians.                         His countenance was lit up with a
heavenly smile, as the Sanhedrim asked
STEPHEN-I[Ste'-fen.]                 him, "Are those things so?"
STEPHEN was one of the seven dea-   Having an opportunity of speaking
cons selected to attend to some interests for himself, he told them  what the
of the church, that were burdening the dealings of God had been with the
apostles, and somewhat hindering them  Jewish nation, and how wvicked the nain their work of faith and labor of tion had been, how they had incurred
love.                                the divine displeasure, and felt God's
From. the instructions given the dis- judgments. He openly rebuked them:
ciples as to the selection of men to at- fbr their murder of Jesus. He declared
tend to these interests, we may gather they had persecuted the prophets who
that Stephen, with his companions, had prophesied of the coming Savior,
was in the estimation of his brethren a and now that he had come, they had
good man. Acts, vi: 3;'"Look ye put him  to death. He said, boldly
out seven men of honest report, full of unto thelm, "'Ye have been the betraythe FHoly Ghost and wisdom."  Ste- ers and murderers of the holy and the
phen and his companions were solemnly just."
set apart by t 1he imposition of the   They heard this language of the
apostles' hands, and entered upon their good man condemning them, and
illlortant work.                     "were cut to the heart., and gnashed
It has been thought that he was one upon him with th eir teeth." But still
of our Savior's disciples, and that he lhe was undaunted.  He knew  full
was brought up like Saul of Tarsus, at well that, the demonstration of feeling
the foot of Gamaliel, but of this we against him  arose from  lmurder in
cannot tell. He was before his conver- their hearts, and with early martyr



STE                [V~6]              TAM
dom in view, "he looked up stead- rlAHAN-[Ta'-han.]
fastly into H-leaven, and saw the glory  IL  Was of the sons of Joseph in the
of G-od, and Jesus standing at the tribe of Ephraim, and he was the head
right hand of God," and in the hear- of the family of that tribe called
ing of the nmurderous multitude, he Tabhaites. Num. xxvi: 35.
said: "Behold I see the Heavens
opened, and the son of man standing TAHPENES —[Tah'-pe-nes,] standon the right hand of God."  They        arc, fiJiyght-.
professed to be shocked with what he   TAIr-IPEn  was the wife of Pharaoh,
said, and to count it blasphemy, and,'who gave his daughter to Solomon,
pretending to this, they stopped their the kIing of Israel, to wife, and possiears, and ran upon1  hlim with one bly rshe was thle mlother of' that eeauaccord, and taking hold of him, they tifial woman. She was the sister of
d r a g g e d   him out of the cit y with tlhe wife of hla-fdad, the adversary of
great v i o 1 e n c e, and stoned him to Solomon, who seems to have had the
death. The good mnLn received all oversight and probably the edlucathis abuse, and cruel treatment fromL tion under her direetion, of Genubath,
his enemies, without a word of coml- the son of Hadclad..st Kings xi: 20.
plaint otr mumturing, and, i n d e e d,
With his last expiring bre atI, he TALMAI, 1-[Tal'-ma,] jzy furrow,
offered up a fervent prayer to God, to  heap of waters.
forgive his n u r d e r e r s. He died   TALMALI was the son of Anak, and
praying for himself and for his ene- of the race of the giants that were demies. His prayer for himself was, stroyed by the Israelites in Canaan.' Lord Jesus receive my spirit."  In We have an account in Num. xiii, of
this prayer he involves the doctrine the spies sent by AMoses to search the
of the soul's imumortality, and a con- promised land, and as they were proscious state of happiness for the good ceeding on their journey they came to
man immediately after death.  But H1-ebron, where Ahiman, Shishai and
his prayer for his enemies is, as he Talmal, the children of Anak were,
kneels in their presence to receive and we learn from Joshua xiv: 15,
the shower of stones, "Lord lay not that the inheritance of Caleb took in
this sin to their charge." I-How much the city of Hebron, and that he drove
like thatprayer of the blessed Savior these three giants from  his inheritwhile hanging in agony on the cross. anee. See also, Joshua xv: 14.
" Pfather for give them, for they know
not what they do."                  TALMAI, 2-3fy furrow, Leap cf
After Stephen was thus murdered,    vwaters.
his christian friends took charge of   TALMHAI was the king of Geshur,
the body, and they carried to the and the father of Maacah, whom David
burial, and made great lamentation married; ancd this woman was the moover him. [See Acts, vi: 5-15.]     ther of Absalom.  2d Sam. iii: 3.
When Absalom killed Arnon he fled
SUSANNAH-[Su-san'-nah,] a lily, to Talmai, the king of Geshur, his
a rose, joy.                    grand-father, and remained with him
This woman, we suppose, believed three years before he returned to his
in Christ, as she is spoken of in con- native land, and to David, his father.
nection with Mary Magdalene after 2d Sam. xiii: 37.
her conversion, and with Joanna, the
wife of Chuza, Herod's steward, as TAMAR, 1-[Ta-mar,] a pacn, palm
"  inistering unto him of their sub-    tree.
stance. "  Like thIe other two women,   TAnAR was the wife of Er, the
she was, it is likefy, a woman of posi- oldest son of Judah and Shuah his
tion and property. Luke, viii: 3.   Canaanitish wife.  G-en. xxxviii: 6.
But because Er was wicked the Lord
SUSI-[Su'-si,] horse, swallow, moth. slew him, thus Tamar was 1 e ft a
Susi was of the tribe of Joseph. widow.  Judah then bade  On an
and the father of G-addi, who was rmarry his brother's widow. This was
selected by rIoses as one of the spies in accordance with a law that was
of the land of Canaan. Nun1. xiii: 11. afterwards  w e 11  understood  and




TAM                 [447]               TAR
practised upon, among the Israelites non in the most tender and persuasive
r  c o r d e d in Deut. xxv: 5. "If speech, but it was all of no avail. Afbrethren dwell together andc one of ter she had been cruelly treated by Amthem die, and have no child, the wife non, he drove her in anger from his
of the deead shall not marry without presence; and feeling very keenly her
unto a stranger; her husband's bro- disgrace and cruel treatment, she rent
they shall (go in unto her antd) take the garment that distinguished her as
her to him  to wie:. etc. Onan was a king's daughter, and put ashes on her
displeased at the requisition of the h e a d, and went crying through the
father, and was wicked, wherefore streets of the-city. She met her brother
the Lord slew him  also, and Tamar Absalom, to whom she told the cause
wasagainaleftsawidow. Judah obser- of her sorrow. Absalom  pitied her,
vant of this claim of a widow upon and felt keenly the disgrace of his sister,
her brothers-in-law, bade TaLnar wait but lie comforted her, and took her to
until Shelals his youngest son was his own house, where she remained desgrown, and attained a proper age to olate for several months.
marry, when he should be given her.   Absalomu treasured wrath in his heart
She accordingly went to her father's against Amrnon, and was not satisfied
house to tarry for a few years, until until he had avenged the wrong done
the marriage wita Shelah could be his sister by killing him.  What beconsunlma, teCd.                     camle of Tamar after Absalom fled and
A few years passed away-tLhe wife went to Geshur we know not, but we
of Judah died, and Shelah attained a suppose Absalom remembered her; for
proper page for marriage, but hzad not after his return froml his banishment,
been given unto iTamar. Judah went and his partial reconciliation to David,
np witl his friend Hirah  the Adulla- his fhither, amongst his children was a
mite, to the sheep'shearers.  Some daughter whose name was Tamar, probone gave inforlmation to Ta-mar to the ably so named in muenxory of his injured
eflfect that hler father-in-law was going sister, who may have died of a broken
to Tinirath. She put off her widow's heart.
garments and decoyed him by aoting
the part of a prostiitute. Judah was T        1-U-IETH —Cozosolat-ioa,, repertensnared, and soon learned the fact,      atce.
that his dautghter-in-law lhad decoyed   TANHUMErrTH, the Netophathite, was
him, and the reason why she had done the father of Scraiah, one of the capit, viz., that he had not fulfilled his tains of the armies, who, hearing that
promise, for though Shelah was grown, Gedaliah was miade governor by the
yet was he not given her as a husband. king of Babylon, went to him  to  lizTamar becalle the lllmother of twin pah. 2d Kings, xxv: 23.
sons for Judah, whose names were
Pharez and Zarah.  Pharez is hon- TAPIITHA -[Ta"-fath.]
ored by being in the line of genea-  ~Was a daughter of King Solomon,
logy froim Judah to Christ. MIatthew, whom he gave to be the wife of the son
i: 3.                                of Aminadab, one of the twelve officers
that were placed over the twelve disTAMAR, 2-A pal~i, poaln tree.        tricts to provide victuals for the king's
TAiMAR was the daughter of IDDavid household, monthly. 1st Kings, iv:11.
and. Maacah, who was the daughter of
the king of Geshur.  She was conse- TARSHISEI -  [Tar'-shish,] contemquently the sister of Absalom.  She is   platioa, of the mar'ble.
introduced to our notice in 2d Samuel,   Was one of the sons of Javan, the
xiii: 1. Absalom  had a fair sister, son of Japheth. There are four sons
whose namne was Tamar. F rom this we mentioned in Gen. x: 4, viz.  Elishah,
may judge Tamar was a handsome wo- Tarshish, Kittim and Dodanim. These
man. As, also, from the circumstance  four sons of Javan, with the three sons
next narrated, viz: "Aminon, her half of Gomer, and the other five sons of
brother, loved her."  But she fell a Japheth —Magog, Miadai, Tubal, Mevictim to the passions of Amnon, who shech and Tiras-are supposed to have
acted under the wicked advice of Jona- settled in different parts of Asia and
dab, her cousin. She plead with Am- various kingdoms of Europe. In Gen.




TAR                 [448]               TEM,
x: 5, it is said, " By them  were the further trouble, but allow them to go
isles of the Gentiles divided in their on with their work.  Tatnai and his
lands, every one after his tongue, with companions encouraged the Jews to
their families, in their nations."   proceed, and they did so, until it was
finished.  Ezra, vi: 13-1i
TARTAK —Chained, bound, shut p.                    c,
Was an idol of the Avites, and is re- TEBAH —[Te'-bah,] murder, a cooc.
ferred to with Nibhaz, another idol,   He was the eldest son of Reunmah,
in 2d. Kings, xvii: 31. There is a dif- the concubine or secondary wife of
ference of opinion among Jewish writ- Nahor.  Hle is mentioned with three
ers as to the form or figure of the idol other sons of this woman, viz:  GaTartak.  Some think it was made to ham, Thahlash, and 1Maachal, in Ge-an.
represent the ass, while another impor- xxii: 24.
taut writer will have this idol to be the
chariot of the sun, or the sun in his TEBALIAH-[Teb —a-li'-ah,]
chariot.                               Was one of the sons of  -Iosah, and
he was one of the sacred porters. 1st
TAlRTAN-[-ar'-tan,] th7at searches. (Chron. xxvi: 11.
the gift of the turtle.
TAITAN was one of the generals of TEMA-ETe'-nmah,] adimiration, -perSennacherib, the king of Assyria. At    fectiorl.
the time that Sennacherib besieged   TEMA was a son of Ishmael, hence
Lachish he sent Tartan, Rabsaris, and a grandson of the patriarch Abraham.
Rabshakeh, with a part of his army, to  le is referred to in the generations
demand of King I-ezekiah and the in- of Ishmael.  Gen. xxv: 15.  He is
habitants of Jerusalem  a surrender. supposed to have founded a city of
1Rabshakeh was especially insolent to the same name, referred to in Job, vi:
the messengers of H-ezekiah.  And 19; and the "troops of Tela,,"  rewhen the destroying a n g e 1 passed ferred to there are supposed to be the
through the Assyrian camp and slew descendants of the son of Ishmael.
one hundred and eighty-five thousand
of the soldiery, it is quite likely that TEMAN —[Te'manJ, south, Azfiica.
two of the Assyrian generals were destroyed. See Isa. xxx, xxxiii, xxxvi,   TEMIAN or TrIMNA4I, was the son of
xxxvii. But it is likely that Tartan Eliphaz, and the grandson of Esan,
was not slain, for after this lie is repre- and from him the Teinanites, to whom
sented as leading the Assyrian hlosts Eliphaz, Job's friend belonged, deagainst Ashdod and taking it. Isaiah, scended. He is called in Gen. xxxvi:
xx: 1.                               42, a duke.  Hsushanm, ao1ther descendant of Esau, reigned in the land
TATNAI-[Tat'-na-i,] that gives.    of Telani, when Jobab died. Gen.
TATNAI was the governor of Sama- xxxvi: 34. There was an important
ria at the time that the returned Jews city called T e m a n, that was built
from  Babylon were engaged in re- probably by this son of Eliphaz. It
building the temple and the walls of seems ifom Jeremiah, xlix: 20, that
their sacred city. I-Ie tried to hinder the inhabitants of Teman  occupiec
them in the work, as did his comlpan- nearly all the country of Edom, and
ions. We have an account of their the same fact seems to be set forth by
efforts in Ezra, v: 3. He sent a letter the prophet, Amos, i: 11-12.  The
to Darius informing him  that tbhey judgments of God were to be poured
had tried ineffectually to stop them, upon Edosm, and the Lord says: "I
and that these Jews that were en- will send a fire upon Teman which
gaged pretended that there was an shall devour the palaces of Bozrah."
edict of Cyrus appointing themu  to The prophet E1- a b a k k u k makes a
build it. And Tatnai suggested that beautiful allusion to the country of
search be made to ascertain  whether Temnan, and the symbols of the divine
there was such an edict. Darius ac- presence and glory, as they moved
cordingly made the search and found forward. "God came from  Teman,
it, and then ratified it ancld ordered eand the holy one from  ASt. Paran.
the Samaritans to give the Jews no Selah."  Habakkuk, iii: 3.




TE M PA             [449]                THE
TEIRAAH-[Te'rlh,] to b r ec t e, to some Jewish Elders and Tertullus
scent, to blo70w.                 went to Cesarea, whither Lysias had
TERAII was the son of Nahor, and sent Paul.  Arriving there they inthe father of H a r a n,   NahOr and formed the governor against tPaul andc
Abraham.  H3is fauther was nine hun- he was brought forth ibr trial.  Terdred andcl  twenty years old when he tullus then addrcssed the judge in a
was born.  G ene sis,  xi: 24. And speech full of flattery and falsehood,,
Terah was seventy years old when after which the apostle was permitted
Haran was born unto him, for he was to answer for himself; andl we 11msy
his oldest son, and Abram  was the judge that lie satisfied Felix that he
youn.. est of the three, not born, it is was not guilty of the crimes of wvhichL
likely, until Torah was one hundred Tertullus charedl hinm, for he coruand thirty years old. A b r a in was manded the-centurion who had charge'
sventy-five years old, when, with Lot, of Paul, to let him have liberty and.
he depLarted fron the land of Haran. allow his friends to minister unto him.
His i  ather, Terah, had just died at
the ago of two hmndred and five, so TE-ADDEUS - [Thad'-de-us,] thcat
that he must have been as old as we       p1ral'scs.
say, whean Abram was born.  Genesis
xii: 4. It is not certain that Terah    TI-iA2DDsU, or LBDnErwus ws the:
and his family were idolaters at the same person as Jude, the writer of the'
tim.e that God called Abram, if so he Epistle of Jude.  In MNatthew x:.,
was likely converted about that time, T'haddeslcs is said to be his surname;
for he, with Abram and Lot, left Ur,' Lebbeus whose surpn.me is Thadlof the Chaldeans, to go to the land of decus."  He was the kinsman or broCanaan, and aJ Hars-an, Terah died, ther, as he is called, of Jesus.  Luke,
when Abram  and Lot went on. As Vi: 16. He was the son of Cleopas.
Toerah died and -was buried at Haran,  [See Judas.]
it is probable that his famlily remained
there, except the   ito  named, for THEOPI-HILUS-[The-of'-fi-ius,] a
we find the relationshiop afterwards in   friend of Go(d.
Padcan-aram, in MIesopotmuna.  Nnher, one of the sons,  built a city   Ti EOPIILUS was a noted cln-istian.
there.   Isaac  and Jacob both pro- and -'an intimate  acquintance          ancd.
cured their vlives from their relation- fricand of the evangelist, St. Luke.
ship in this land.  Genesis, xxv: 20, Some have thought that the name.
and xxviii: 6.                        simp'ly denotes any "lfriend or lover
of God," as that is the import of the
TERTIUS-[ Teo/shi-us,] thle third. nasne. But in the inimner in which
T ERTIUS -was int-iMLately associated it is used by St. Luke in directing his
with the apostle Paul, and may be, g ospel, and also the Acts of the Aposas some suppose, the salme as Silas, tiles, we are certainly justified in bewho was his fellow  laborer, and at lieving it to be the proper nalme of a
one tille, il Plhilipi his feollow' piris- christian man.  WAe may further suponer.  I-He wrote the epistle to the pose that lhe was a person of some,
Ronirans as Paul dieated it to him, note —a gifted  alnd holy man. The.
or he transcribed the epistle that was first fouLr verses of the 1st chapter of
sent to the church.  Rominns, xvi: 22, Luke's gospel is a preface written to
"1, Tertius, who wrote this epistle, Theophilus, commending to his atten —
salute you in the Lord."              tion and careful perusal the entire
history that follows: the history of
TERTULLUS-[Te,-tul'lus,] a icar, Jesus C(hrist, of whom hle had hebardl
arC impostor.                     and in whom lie believed. One grandl
object of Luke was to confirm  this
TERTUJLLUS was a falmous orator important person in the faith.  Acts
among the Jews, who was employed, i: 1, makes a reference to the gospel
or volunteered his services to prose- written before to him.  "The former
cute Paul before Felix.  We have an treatise have I made, 0 Theophilus,.
account of this matter in Acts xxiv: of all that Jesus began to do and tOc
1-10.  Ananias, the high priest, with teach."
2'J




THE                 [450]               THO
I H-I E U D A S-[Thu'-das, ] Ca fcd4se he would take, " Lord we know not
teacher.                         whither thou geest, and how can we
We have an aeclmot of this person know the way?" Jesus then declared
in Acts, v: 36, or rather a reference himself the way, the truth and the
mLadce to hiun.  " For before these days life-the grand medium  of access to
rose up Theudas boasting himself to God the father.
be somebody; to whom a number of   After ouri Savior was risen from t-he
men, about ibur hundred, joined them- dead, the same day he appeared to
selves: who were slain, and. all, as ten of the disciples and satisfied them
many as obeyed hims, were scattered that lhe was risen.  They reported it
and brought to nought."  Ice set hinm- to Thomas but he would not believe
self up as a noted person, trumpeted his them.  HeL did not say that they
greatness abroad. He was killed, and had not hacl an: interview with their
the obur hundred men that joined him  risen mlsaster, b) ut h e  tho ugh t
were either slain with him, or' dispersed they- were mistaken.  They tried to
ab1road.                             convince him, but all in vain —they
told him that they had heard his wellTI1HOMAS —[Tom/-mas,] a twin..    klnown voice, saying,   "Peace be unto
THOMAS, otherwise  called lidy- you," nay more, they had seen his
I'us, was one of our Savior's apostles, hands and his side. They had heard
and is numbered with themm in Matt. his words, and felt the blessed senx: 3, and in other places where the sa tion s produced by receiving the
list of names of the twelve is given. 1H-oly G-host;  but Thomas said " except
He had often  been with Jesu3 to I shall see, in his hands the print of
Bethany atnd enjoyed the hospitality the nails, and put rmy finger into the
of Lazarus and the two sisters, and print of the na-ils, and thrust mlly hand
appreciated  their kindness. W h en into his side, I will not believe."  In
Jesus heard that Lazarus -was sick, this state of mind he continued until
ftcer two days he said to his disciples, the next Sabbath evening, when he
Lot us go into Judcla aSgain."   is.assembled withL  the ten in their place
disciples were disposed to object be- of meetinog,  And while they were
cause of the opposition and plrseen- there Jesus appeared unto t i e mn
tion that their master met with in I-His appearanee  at this time seems to
Judea a little while before that.  At have  3eeen mainly- to  reiaove the
length Jesus told them plainly, Laza- doubts fiolm the minad of Thoulas, as
rus was dead, and certified his inten- to his resurrection: from- the deado.
tion to go to Bethany.  No sooner  IHe accostcd them, as in tihe form-er
had le done this than Thomas pro- case, with, " Peace be unto you,"' and,
posed to the other disciples that they turning to Thonmas, he said: "l'each
all accompany him, thereby testifying hitlher thy in ger and put it into the
tlheir affection for the Bethany fainily, print of the nails,. and reach hitlher
and if necessary die with their 1ina- thy hand and thrust it into my- side,
ter, who would certainly endanger his and be not faithless, but believing."
life by returning to Judea. John, xi: This was the very evidence that the
16.  His affection for the bereaved doubting disciple asked for; and he
sisters and his love for Christ miust seemed to be quite overpowered wit-h
hlave been very strong.              it, for ha exclaimed:  "My Lord and
In John, xiv: 5 we have an ac- 1my God;" i. e., It is enough. iNow I
count of an interesting conversation know that Jesus has risen from. the
between Jesus and Thomas.  Jesus dead.  The Savior rather reproved
in order to comfort his disciples bade him for disbelieving' so long by saythem be of good cheer, for "ITn llmy ing:  "Blessed are they that have
-father's house are manly mansions —I not seen, and yet have believed."'
go to prepare a place for you-I will John, xx: 24-29.
come again and receive you to my-   A short time after this Thomas,
self," and lie closed up this address with others of the disciples, saw Jesus
by say"ing, "Whither I go ye know  again. It was at the sea of Galilee,
and the way ye know."  Thomas pro- There were together seven of them,,
fessed ignorance and a s k  d him  "Simon  Peter, and Thomas called
whither he was going, and which way Didysnus, and Nathaniel of C a n L




TlO                 [451]                TIG
in Galilee, and. the sons of Zebedee, TIBNI-[Tib'-ni,] straw, understandand two others."  John, xxi: 2. This      ing.
was the third time that Jesus showed   We have an account of this person
himself to his disciples after his res- in 1st Kings, xvi, from which we learn
nurreetion; and, though Thomas was that he was thel son of Ginath. After
behind them all in that- he had seen the treason of Zimri, and the murder
the Savior but once, and they had all of Baasha, the king of Israel, by him,
seen him twice, yet now he is permit- Omri turned against him, and with an
ted to see him  with only a part of army besieged Tirzah, where Zimri had
them; and he is permitted to take stationed himself, and was reigning as
bread and fish from  his hands, and king. The people, or soldiery in the
ieat with them.                       camp, made Oimri king, and he took
It is not certain where Thomas per- the city. Zimri set the palace on fire,
formed his apostolic 1 a b or.  It is and died in the conflagration.
thought he preached at Jerusalem for   Part of the people then took up Tibni'mnany years, and thein went to preach and determined to make himi king inamong the Parthians and Meodes, and stead of Omri. It is said the people
others, and that he finally suffered of Israel were divided into two parts,
martyrdom  in the East Indias, near half of the people following Tibni and
to which, three or four centuries ago, the other half following Omri. It is
Christians we re found who called probable that the former was the selecthemselves by the name St. Thomas. tion of the people for king, and the
It has been thought that this apostle latter the selection of the army. The
preached in China.                    consequence of which was, Omri had
the army and munitions of war with
TIBERIUS —[Ti-be'-ri-u,]j son of Ti- him, while Tibni lhad a raw, unier.                             disciplined host, that were almost without munitions of war. Yet they fough t
TInd.Ems was a RoIman emperor. I-Ie together, and Tibni was defeated and
was adopted by Cesar-Augustus as his slain.  It, is said, 1st Kings, xvi: 22:;heir and successor. The mother of Ti- "But the people that followed Omri
berius married Cesar, which accounts, prevaicld against the people that folin part at least, for his being selected lowed Tibni, the -on of Grinath;  so
as heir to the emperor. In the begin- Tibni died and Omri reigned."
ning of his reign he behaved himself
respectfully, and did honor to his posi- TIDAL - [Ti'-dal,j that breaks the
tion; but afterwards he became, it is     yoke.
said, peevish and fretful, cruel and oppressive.                               Is called  "'king of the nations."
About the sixth year of his reign, Gen. xiv: 1. HIe was associated with
the.tRonian Senate ordered all the Amraphel, Arioch and Chedor laomer,,Jews to leave Rome, or submit to in a war with ths kings of Sodomn, Gobe made slaves. It is said that he made morrah, Admah, Zeboim, and Zoar.
Pilate governor of Judea, in  the These four confederate kings were assothirteenth year of his reign.  He took ciated against the five Canaanite kings
from  the Jews the power of putting named above, and  they prevailed
criminals to death; hence, when the against them. It is thought that the
-Jews would put Jesus to death, they subjects of Tidal's kingdom were refhwent to Pontius-Pilate to procure the gees from other kingdoms; hence, he
sentence of death. It is said that he is styled "king of the nations."
was prejudiced in favor of the Savior,
and heard of his miracles with such TIGLATH-PILESER —[Tig-lath-Pi-:great interest and admiration that he    le'-ser,] that takes away captivity,
proposed to have Jesus numbered with      mniraculous.
the Roman deities, but was prevented'by the Senate. He is also said to have   TIGLATH-PILESER is sometimes called
favored Christians so much that he Tilgath-Pilneser.  He was a king of
threatened with death any persons who Assyria, and probably the son of Pul,
molested them  on account of their re- who prevailed against Israel during the
ligion. See Luke, iii: 1.,eign of Menahem, and exacted of him




TIG                 [452]                TIM
a thousand talents of silver to confirm  TIMNA —[Timn-na.]
the kingdom  unto him. Having re-   TIINA was the concubine of Eliphaz,
ceived the exacted money of the king the son of Adah.  Gen. xxxvi: 12.
of Israel, Pul, the king of Assyria, left " And Timnia was concubine to Eliphaz,
the landl and went back into his own Esau's son, and she bare to Eliphaz,
country.  2d IKings, xv: 19.         Armalek. " This Anmalek was the father
Tiglath-Pileser was the successor of of the Amalekites, who became suchl
his father, and received the kingdom  bitter enemies to- the Jews,. and whonl
at a time of prosperity and great power the Jews afterwards exterminated.
of the Assyrian empire.  He was not   Tiinna was also the sister of Lotan,
satisfied, though, with  the size and the Ilorite'  Gen. xxxvi: 22.  "And:
power of his empire, but sought to en- Lotan's sister vwas.Tiana."
large it.  We have an account in 2d
Kings, xv: 99, of his coming' against TIMlON —[TiV-mon,] honora. ble.
Israel in the cdays of Pekah, their king,.  Was one of the seven deacons of the.
andi taking several imlportant cities, early churchl.  I-He was probably an
"Ijon  and Abel-beth-lmaachah, and Hellenist Jew, The name stands fifth
Janoah and Kedesh,  and I-hazor and in the list of deacons.. Acts, vi: 1-6.
Gilead. and. Galilee, all the land. of W-e know nothing further of hlin.
Naphtali, and carried them captive to
Assyria.'  It oeems that he was hired TITIOTIHY —[Tim-o'-thy.j
by Ahaz, the king of Judah, to fight   TIMeCTH-IY or TIMOTI-IUS, Wias a noted'
against Pekah Fincl Pezin, the king of Cevangelisto. From Acts,- xvi: 1, we may
Syria, who was associated with Pekah gather that he was a native of ]Derbe
in efforts to take Jerusalem.  Ahaz or Lystra. His father was a Greek, but
gave Tiglath-Pileser the silver and gold his mother was a Jewess.. Whether his.
that was found in. the house of the father was a convert to the christianl
Lord andt in the treasury of the king's religion or not, his mother Eunice, and
house, sending it to him  by a inessen- his grandmother' Lois were, and thev
ger.  I-Ic took the money and met the together taught Timothy from  a child;
wishes of Ahaz.  I-To came into the the scriptures.. They trained hin up
country of Syria with his army, and in the nurture and adumonition  of the!
engaged and conquered the king of Lord. 2d Tim. i: 5, &c. H-Tis pious
Syria.  "le took Damascus and car- training by these pious women,. was the'
fled the people of it captive to Kir, imeans that resulted in his early converand slew Rezin."  After- his. conquest sion.. WhATen Paul and Silas went to'
Aha-z went to meet him at I)amascus Derbe and Lystra, they found Timothy
and acknowledge his obligation to him. there a disciple..  Te became an inti2d Kings, xvi.                        mate associate of Paul, his traveling
It seems from Ist Chron. v: 26, that companion and servant, and that aposhe and his father carried away into tie calls hirm his "beloved son."  1st
captivity the Reubenites and the Gad-  Cori iv: 17. Again hlie calls hiim  his
ites, and the half tribe of Manasseh, "own  son in the faith,"  and his
and brought them  unto  -THalab, and "faithfuil fellow worker."  1st Tim. i
-lHabor, and tara, and to the river Go- 2. Timothy was ordained to the work
zan. And we learn from  2d Chron.. and ofirce of the ministry, by Paul.. 2d
xxviii: 20, that though Ahaz hired Tim. i: 6.  "Wherefore I put thee
him  to help him  against the king of in remr'embrance that thou stir up the
Syria, and he did, and received a fair gift of God which is in thee, by the putcompensation for it; yet he was not ting on of'my hands."  When Paul
fully satisfied, for he "distressed Ahaz and Silas left Derbe and Lystra, Timoand strengthened him not. o7" We may thy accompanied them, and they madejudge that he ravaged a part of Judea. their way to Troas, where' Paul had the
Though Tiglath-Pileser slew Rezin, vision that presented an open door to
he did not help Ahaz either against  Macedonia, so that Timothy went with.
the Philistines or against Pekah. He him to that country, and was at Philhelped him a little, but distressed him  ippi,  Thessalonica, and Berea, anBd
much. He is supposed to have reigned  while the persecution was raging at
about nineteen years, and was sue- Thessalonica, he and Silas sufferedwith
ceeded by Shalmaneser.,               Paul, At Bevrea,. Silas and Tirlothy'




TIIM                [453]                 TIR
remained after the brethlren had sent him as early as possible, and bring with
Paul away because the Thessalonians him  the cloak that he left at Troas,
had stirred the lcereans up agailnst'him. with Carpus anclthe books, and espePaul went to Athens, and tarried there cially the parchments.  2c  Timothy,
ntil he was joined by Timothy ancl iv': 9-13.
Silas.  Acts. xvii: 16. Paul refers to   I-Ie did go to Paul and was with him
this persecution, and the n.anner inl awhile at-rtome,  during his imprisonwhich hle and his companions hadbeen ment.;e w as with him  when he
exercised and preached thle word of wrote his epistles to the Philippians,
life.  1ist Thess. ii: 2, also iii: 2, 3. In and Colossians, as also the epistle to
Aets, xviii-: 5, we have an account of Pliilemon, for in the first yerse of the
Silas and Timothy being withl Paul at first chapter, of each epistle,  his saluCorinth, and when the apostle wrote tations attend Paul's.  HIe was not
his epistles to the Thessalonians, which only wvith Paul, but for awhile hle was a
* as clone probably about this time, prisoner with himl at Rome, and Paul
either friom. Athens or Corinthl, Timo- refers to his imprisonment, or rather, to
thy and Silas or Silvanus, Eend their his being setatlilberty.  Reb.:xiii: 23.
salitations to the church.  See first` Knowv ye not that our brot;her Timoversc of the first chapter of ecach of thy is at liberty?"  Ancd'aul seems to
the oepistles,,        hlave written, or sent, thlis epistle by
Ie conltinueld to travel with Paul, Timothy.  Thus, we observe, he was
andl was obedient to him.  By the ap- faithful to Paul, as lODn  as Paul livecd,
pointmlent of the apostle, Timothy with and was especially dear to hlim.
other evangelists visited the churchihes   WIhat became of him after he left
of Ephesus, Macedoniia and Corinth, Paul, at Romc, we do not know, or
for the purTpose of cstablliShing  the wlhere le spent the latter part of'his
hristians in the faith.  Actsxix: 22. life, or in what luanner he cdiecd. As
So he sent into Mlacedonia two of it is thought lie was for many years the
them that; ainulistered unlto hilml, Time- bishop) of thle oliurch at Ephesus, lie
theus ancd Erastusa"  1st Cor. iv:. 17 may  have lIved, anrd laborecl  there,
and xvi: 10.    e Nvas 1'ft by Pau.l at until e died.
Ephesus to guard the interests of the
church -when he vCent unto Macedonia, TIRAS-[Ti-ras.]
Ist Tim. i: 3, and vi hie I e was there    TIRAS was one 0of the sons of Jae I) probably received their first Eplstle -pheth.  I-He is referrled to in the genin vwhich Panul put himl in m:ind of his o ration1s of Noah as the sevenlth son
lchare, and gave him instinuctions as to of Japheth.  C-en. x-: 2.  From. Tiproper conduct and gave him  carnest Iras, by a kind of general consent, it is
xcshortations to a faithful perfol:rmance  reckoned the Thrcialns sprung. This
of hisduty.  After fulfilling his mission people, we learn, were a very iglnorant
at EIhesus, he seems to have followed: and idolatrous people, and exceedPaul into Macedonia, and lwas associated ingly barbarous.  They were clivided
with him  there, probably at Philippi, into various tribes; and history inin labor.                              folrms us that thle Greeks concqlered
About tlhis time Paul wrote his 2c] t hem.
epistle to the Corinthians.  The first
verse of the first chaptcr, is a salutation' T I R I-A     A H [CTir-ha-1  -l,
of Timnothy, joined with Paul, "to the     quirer, lazo inacle dull.
church.  I-ic attenldeld Paul wen he   TIRITAKAII was the'king of Cush,
went to Corinth, and was  with him  in Arabia, or the Cush in Abysinia;
when hle wrote his epistle to the Ro- and lie is sulpposed to be referrecl to
mans and sent it by Phebe.  Timotlhy in Isaiah, xx: 4, &c., where the king
with Lucius, Jason and Sosipater, sent' of Assyria is represented as- leading
their salutations to the chulrch at Rome. " thle Egyptian  prisoners, a n dc the
After this, withothers, he accompaniecld Ethiopian  captives, young and old,
the apostle into Asia, Acts, xx: 4, and nakedl and bare-foot, even with their
when Paul was at Ro-me, and wrote his butetocks uncovered, to the shamne of
2cl epistle to Timothy, in which he tri- Egypt."  But hle is referred to by
u1mphs so gloriously in the prospect of naiue in 2d IKings, xisx: 9, as "Tirlhadeath, hle Sent for him to come and see kah, king of Ethiopia," who invacled




TIR                 [454]                TIT
Sennacherib's kingdom at the time he was with me being a Greek was comrwas fighting'against and trying to sub- pelled to be circumcised."   He bedue HIezekiah andc his kingdom.  His came the attendant and assistant of
object was to afford relief to Hieze- the apostle Paul, acnd he honors hinm
kiah or give him  help, against the with the appellation of "partner andcl
Assyrians.  But the Ethiopians and fellow-helper" in 2d Cor. viii: 23.
the Egyptians were taken prisoners, He' was a well-tried, a n d faithful
as we leamrn from the prophet Isaiahl. helper of' the apostle, one. to -whomn he
The Jews were dispirited and terri- could confide  tlhe  interests of the
fled on account of it, but the Lord church.  I-le tiherefore sent hiln to
interfered and slew the hosts of As- Corinth, giving- him the. strongest ipossyria. 2d Kings, xix:  35; Isa. xxxvii: sible recommnendations.  The church.
9-3-6.                                received him cordially,. and lie labored.
acceptably andtl efficiently there,. and
TIRSHAT-A- [Tir'-sha-tha,] thct returned to IMacedonia to. report his.
overt'urns the foundzcatio; in Syr- labors, and give Paul anll account of'
iac, that beholds tize.           t h e condition  of  the  Corinthian
TImRSI-IA.T-I. A was a nalie given to church.  T he, apostle was glad. to,
Zerrubbabel, the builder of the see — receive Titus and especially comfortedc
ond temnple,. and also- to Nehemiah, to hear the good report he imade.  2d
who rebuilt t'he:walls of the sacred Cor. vii: G.. "Nevertheless God com-.city,. Ezra, ii: 63.. "Alndl the Tir-. forted us by the comuing' of Titus."
s hi a t h a said unto thenm, that they Paul tells themni how glad he was that
shiouldc not eat of thie  ost holy things Ithey had been. so kind.  The church
till there stood upn  a priest with Urimn  in Corinth  had  blessed Titus,, andand T    -hunimiim.  See also  eiNc. x: 1, Titus had'been a blessing' to theni..
"Anud those that sealed were Nche- They' had fully met his expectations
iniah,.thie Tirshatha, &c."  Froln both  and the expectations of Titus, for he
these quotations we may learn that had found themn as a church, possess —
the naime was given, both these per- ing' all the excellencies that Paul hadc
sons, because: of the work conlmitted told him they possessed.
unto thlem, or the position they occu-   The apostle commended Titus forv
pied. as governors or' overseers of the his fitithful labors and earneslt care:
important work in -which they were for them, and desired his return to'
engaged.  They were conimissioners themn. 2d Cor. viii: 6, 16. And it is
appointed by'the Persian king' to carry quite likely tlhat Titus ancd Luke were
his orders to Jerusalen, and see that the. bearers of Paul's 2dl Epistle. We:
they were executed,, hence they' are learn from Titus, i: 5,. that Paul left
otlh called the, Tirshatha.,          him in Crete to settle the affairs of'
that church,. and ordain  elders inl
TIIRZAI:-[Tir'zah,] be ev o e 1tt t, various cities, and as a guide for  himi
pleasaut.                         in his important work, he. set forth.
TIRZAHI. was one of the five dclaugh- the qualifications for the ministry and
ters of Zelophelhad,'who secured an gave him directions for life and docadditional law- to the civil code of the trine. Paul wrote: the epistle to Titus
Jews; a special enactment by which  and sent it, claiming him as his "' own
they- were given an inheritance  and son in'the Gospel."  Titus,; i:. ] But
as heiresses, were not allowed to nlarry the, apostle sent a:fter him to come and:
out of their own: tribe, but were: fur- see him at Nicapolis, when he, should
nished with husbands from their fa- send Tychiecus.and Artemus to supply
ther's brother's son.  [See Hoglah.] his place awhille, andcl he. bade hi
bring Ze-nas the lawTer, and Apollos
TITUS-[Ti'-tus,] honorable.           with him.  Titus,. iii:. 12,. 13.  In 2dc
TITus  was an evangelist,. eminent Tim. iv:. 10, we learn that Paul sent
for his life and labors.  He was a Titus to lDalmatia, andc it is quite'
Gentile by birth, and thoughi Timothy likely that he afterwards returned to?
whose mother was a Jewess,. and his Crete and labored there for several
father a Greek, was circunmcised by years.. How long'he labored, or where,.
Paul, yet Titus was never circumcised. after this, we do not know,, or where:
Gal.. ii 3.' But neither Titus who he died..




TOB        -        [455]               TOL
TOB-ADONIJAII —[Tob'-ad-o-ny'- glory of Christ and the christian disjah,] ny goodl God.               pensation.
I-te was one of the Levites sent by
Jehoshaphat through the cities of TOG-ARALHI-[To-gar/-nmah,] wlhich
Judah to teach the people the law of      is cll bone, strong.
the Lord. 2d Chron. xvii: S.
WTas the son of Gomer and the
TOBIAI- [To-bi'-ah,] the LPordc is grandson of Japheth. He is referred
good.                             to in the genealogy of the sons of Noah.
TOBIAI-, the Anmmonite, opposed Gen. x: 3. There is difference of opinthe Jews very strenuously in their ef- ion as to who his descendants were;
forts to rebuild the temple and the but'it is quite likely that they are rewalls of the city. Hle was associated ferred to in Ezek. xxvii: 14  "'They
with Sanballat, the HIoronite.  He is of the house of Togarmah traded in
called in Neh. ii: 10, "the servant, thy fairs, with horses, and horsemen,
the Ammonite."  H-Te seems to have an)d ]nules."  If the allusion is to Tobeen a joint governor with Sanballat, garmah, the son of Gomer, then his
appointed  by the Persian king.  1-e posterity tradcecd with the Tyrians.
mIockeld the Jews, and tried to prevent PIroim  Ezek. xxxviii: 6, we learn that
their completing the wall. We have the posterity of Gomer and Togarmah
a specimen of his mocking in Neh. iv: will assist Gog and 3Iagog against the
3.   Now Tobiahll, the Ammonite was He brews.
by him, and he said: Even that which
they build, if a fox go up, he shall TOI —[To'-i,] who waocnders.
even brealk down their stone wall."
In Neh. vi: 1-12, we have an account   Tot was the king of Hamxath, in
of an effort that he made with San- Syria.  We have an account of him in
ballet and Geshem to secure a confer- 2d Sam. viii: 9-11.  He was the friend
lonce with Nehemiah.  Failing in this, of King David; and when David gained
they iunited in charg-ing him with re- victories over Hadadezer, the king
belling against the Persian king, and of Zobah, Toi sent congrmatulations to
seeking to  be made  king himself. him, tIe did not send hib salutations
They then lay a snare, by hiring a by some unimportant person, but he,
false prophet, to put Nehemliah in sent them by his own son Joram. The
fear, but theyfail again.  Tobiah then same is related in Ist Chron. xviii: 9,
opens a secret correspondence with 10. It seems that the king of Zobah
the nobles of Judah, and they in a had warred with himl and conqueredc
treasonable manner carried  on the him, and when he found thlt David
correspondence. The Tirshatbla dis- had gained a victory over him he was
covers it and stops it. Neh. vi.      exceedingly gratified, and not only congratulated  him  but mnade him  rich
TOBIJAI-1-[To-bi-jah.]                presents.  It is said "Joram brought
with him vessels of silver, and vessels
TOBIJAI-  was one of those of the of gold, and vessels of brass," which
captivity, who were with Zerubbabel ]David dedicated to the Lord, as he did
after the second temple was built. the silver and gold that he took from
There is an especial referenc mnade to various nations that he subdued.
him  in Zech. vi: 10-14.  " Take of
themll   of the captivity, even of HI-eldai, TOLA, 1.-[To-/lah,] worm,, scarlet.
of Tobijah, and of Jedaiah, which are
colme from Babylon; and come thou   TOLA was the eldest son of Issachar,
the same day, and go into the house one of the sons of Jacob.  Gen. xlvi:
of Josiah, the son of Zephaniah." 13. Fronm  Num. xxvi: 23, we learn
The prophet was ordered to take sil- he was the father of the Tolaites.  The
ver and gold, and make crowns and whole posterity of Issachar amounted
set them upon the head of the high to sixty-four thousand three hundred,
priest, and upon the heads of Tobi- andcd as there were but three other faimjah, Helenm, Jedaialh and I-Ien. Thus ilies named, the Punites, the Jash-:
was the glory of the Jewish priest- ubites and Shimronites, it is likely the
hood hinted at, and the still greater family of Tola was larger.




TOL                 [45G]               TUB
TOLA, 2. —WTornm, scarlet.           the church, and w e re abundant in
TOLA was one of the judges of Israel. labors.
He was the tenth one that occupied
this important position and succeeded TROPHIMUS-[Trof'i-mus,] w e 1 I
Abimeleeh. Tola was the son of Puah,      educazed.
and the grandson of Dodo and he be-   TROPH-uxius, with Tychicus, was a
longed to the tribe of Issachar. We native  of Asia, and with  Sopater,
have all that we can learn about hihm, Aristarchus and Secundus, and Gaius
inl Judges, x: 1-2.  It seems from  and T i n o t h y, accompanied Paul
the history of Israel as given in the when he wvould go into Mtacedonia.
book of Judges, that the various per- Acts, xx: 4. And when Paul went
sons who served them in this capacity, to Jerusalem to report his labors and
were either before or after they became successes to the apostles that were
judges, deliverers of Israel.  T h e y there, T r o p h i m u s was with him.
avenged them of their adversaries.  It Aets, xxi: 29.  -le seellms to have
is said in ld udges, ii: 16: "The Lord been a traveling comlpanion of Paul,
raised up judges, which delivered them  for some time,. and had been conout of the hands of them that spoiled vert'ed through  his instrumentality.
them.l'"                              From  2d Timothy, iv: 20, we learn
lt is cquite likely that Tola performed that he was taken sick while they
signal deliveranes  -for Israel, though were traveling together and the aposthey are not narrated.  They had just tie left him awhile at Miletus.
passed through the strong and wicked
reign of Abimeleeh.  -le restored peace TUBAL-[Tu'bal,] the eart/,. confiuand harmony i n the land, and had        sion.
prosperity cl u r i n g the twenty-three   TUBAL was the fifth son of Jayears of his reign, and when his sue- pheth. Gen. x: 2. WNe know  but
cessor, who was Jair, the Gileadclite, little, certainly, about him, for there
came to Dbe judge, the land was in peace is little said.  Hle was, it is likely, the
and continued so t.he twenty-two years progenitor of a large tribe or tribes.
that hLe was judge.                   And it is thought by some, that his
The only thing further related of descendants were a s o c i a t e d with
Tola, is, that he lived in Shamir, in those of Meshech,  his brother, as
M][ount Ephraim, and that he died and they seem  to be reckoned together,
was buried there.                     for the phrase Meshech-Tubal is coimmlon in the scripture. See Ezekiel,
TRYPIHENA - [Tri-fe'-nah,] dei- xxxii: 26; xxxviii: 2-3; xxxix: 1.
cate.                             From these passages, we may suppose
TLYPI-IENA  was one of two holy that the posterity of Tubal, with the
women nmentioned in Pomn. xvi: 12, posterity of his brother, are referred
saluted by the apostle: " Salute Try- to and will act an i m' p o r t a n t part
phena and Tryphosa, who labor in the against the people of God about the
Lord."  She was an assistant to the beginning of the milleniunm.
apostle in his great work. We may
suppose she visited the sick, relieved T U B A L - C A I N-[Tulbal-a'inj,.the distressed, exhorted the feeble-     worldly p2ossession, jealous of conminded, and strengthened the weak.       fuszion.
She may have been, with the other   TUBAL-CAIN was the son of Lamech
lholy women who are saluted as la- by his wife Zillah. Gen. iv: 22. He
borers in the Lord, a prophetess, and was the first worker in brass and iron.
accustolled to pray and preach, for IHe was the first one to make cooking
women did pray and prophesy, " hav- utensils and agricultural implements,
ing their heads covered."             that displayed any p a r t i c u 1 a r art.
And he was thLe first one to make iliTTRYPHOSA- [Tri-fo'-sah,] thrice plements of war out of brass and iron.
shinincg.                          It is thought that the Romans took
TnYPnOSA is associated with Try- their smith-god or vulcan from Tubal-'phena as a co-laborer in the Lord with cain. And it is thought to be quite
the apostle. Roem. xvi: 12. The two reasonable-because of the importi of
women occupied the same position in the name, the occupation of the per




TUB                 [4571               uRI
son, and the circumstances recorded URI — [U'-ri,] my light or fire.
regarding the Roman vulcan, viz: he   URI was the son of iHur a.nd the
had to wife Venus, which signifies father of the famous Bezaleel, who
beaut.y, and mL2ay answer to Naamah, was appointed to constract the taberthe sister of Tubal-cain, which signi- nacle, being "filled with the spirit of
ies beautiful.                        Gocd, in wisolml and in understanding,
and in knowledge, and in all manner
TYCH I CU S —[Tik/-i-kus,] casual, of workmantship," etc.  Ex. xxxi: 2.
hcappezning.                     Uri was of the tribe of Judah and of
TYCnicus was one of the primitive the fiamily of Pharez, who was in the
disciples, and, indeed, a noted evangel- line of the 3Messiah.
ist, and companion of Paul. He, with
several others, attended Paul when he URIAH — [U-ri'-ah,] the Lord is my
vent into Asia - Acts, xx: 4 - and       light or fire.
probably went with him to Jerusalem.   URIA11 was a Hittite, and the husPaul sent him  to Ephesus with the band of Bathsheba, who afterwards beepistle he wrote to the Ephesians. came David's wife, and the mother of
Eph. vi: 21: "'But that ye also may Solomon, David's successor. He was
know my affairs, and how I do, Tychi- one of the w orthies of the king of
cus, a beloved brother and faithful Israel, an officer in his army, and was
minister in the Lord, shall make known under Joab, wheLn  he fought with Am.to you all things: whom I have sent mlon, and besiegued the city of Rabbah.
unto you," &e. And when Paul wrote While the contest was going onl between
to Timothy the second Epistle, he in- Joab and the enemies of Israel, David
formed him that he had sent Tychicus gave way to tempntation, and committed
to Ephesus. 2d Tim. iv: 12. Paul the most wicked act of his life. And
also sent him  to Colosse, and recoin- thote sins against God wvere the occamended him to the church as a faithful sion of the severest sorrow of his life.
mini ster, and he sent the epistle to the When he sent for Uriah to come to him
church by him. Col. iv: 7. And he fromin the army?, his object was to screen
also sent, him, in company with Arte- the honor of Bathsheba and conceal his
mus, to Crete, to fill the place of Titus own crime.  When he found he could
while he should come to Nicopolis to not succeed, as he had hoped he would
See him. Some think that Pautl ap- he conceived mnmuder in his heart, and
pointed him as the successor of Titus wrote a letter to Joab, sending it by the
to the church of Crete. Titus, iii: 12. hand of Uriah.  That letter was virtually Uriah's death-warrant, and he b)ore
T Y RI  A    N N U S - [Ty-ran'-nus,] a it in his own hands to the commanding
prtnce, one that reigens.         genel: "Set a e TUriah in the front of
Is referred to in Acts, xix: 9, as a the hottest battle, and retire ye from
teacher at )pheiasus, in whose school him that he may be smitten and die."
Paul preached.  The apostle seems to Joab  accordingly  did  so, assirg1ninr
have been permitted by Tyrannus to Uriah, a place where he knew he would
teach there daily for a long time; and be in immediate danger, and it was not
the apostle's t e a c h in g was greatly long until he was slain.
blessed, for Jews and Greeks had an   Joab thus sacrificed Uriah at, the
opportunity of hearing there the word command of the king, but with hin he
of the Lord Jesus, and witnessing the sacrificed " some of the people of the
astonishing miracles that God wrought servants of David."  When tho official
by the hand of Raul.                 report was made by Joab to David, tind
he was about to cor01lain, they toldc hir
UCAL — Yew'-cal,] power, pevea- Uriah the Hittite, was dead also  anud
lency.                           this plleased the king
UCAL is a person referred to in   When the nows reached Bethsheba
Prov. xxx: 1. He is mentioned by t h a t her husband was slain  she
the prophet Agur in connection with mourned for himl probably as was the
Ithiel, and the words of that prophet custom, seven days, but David honored
are addressed to them, "the prophecy her by taking her as his wi-'re. Uriah
thne man spale unto Ithiel, even unto was certainly a brave, fithfil  antd an
Ithiel and Ucal."                    innocent, and incoaujptibl man. He.   e re



UIRI               [458]              uz
fused while in the city to go home to his desceidants of Uz are suppolsa  to
ownhouse, and gave as his reason, "The have peopled Syria, and were the
ark of Israel and Judah abide in tents - founders of the c i t y of Damascus.
and my lord Joab and thQ servants of The descendants of Airam, the father
my Lord, are encamped in the open of Uz were called Arameans, and
fields, &a"  IHe determined that he afterward Syrians.
would sacrifice case and pleasure. "I
will not indulge myself while all myfel- UZ, 2-Counsel; in Syriac, tofix.
low soldiers are enduring the hardships
and fatigaes of camp life, and the   Was the son of Dishan a Hosite,
dangers of war; and even the ark of and is referred to in Gen. xxxvi: 28,
the Lord is exposed. 2d Sam. xi.    with Aran his brother.
The murder of Uriah was charged
upon David by Nathan the prophet. UZAL-[U'zal.]
2d Sam. xii: 9.
UzAL was the 6th son of Joktan.
URmAS.                              Hle with his brothers it seem%1 from'  URIAS, or UrTJAH was a true' and Genl x: 30, had dwellings from "c' TCfaithful prophet, who w arned the sha  into Sepkar, a mount of the
Jews of their approaching ruin., and east."
affectionately admonished them to repent of their evil ways and turn to UZZA —-[Uz'-zah,] strength, a goa.t.
God. We hlave an account of him in
Jer. xxvi: 20-23, from which we learn   UzzAMI, with his brother Ahir was
that he was the son of Shemaiah, of the son of Abinaclb, in whose house
Kirjath-jearim. Jehoiakim was angry the ark of God was kept for a long time
with him  on account of his prophe- by the order of Iking David. We have
cies, and determined to put him  to an account in 2d Samuel, vi: of David
death. Urias heard of his purpose, going to Kirjath-jearim, with thirty
alnd fled for his life into E ypt. The thousand chosen mlen, to bring the ark
enraged king sent Elnathan an-c cer- up to Jerusalem. It had been in the
tain men into Egyp tafter him. They house of Abinadab, and they took it
found him and blought him to Jehoi- out, and set it upon a new cart, and
akim., who slew him with the sword, Uzzah and Ahio drove the cart. And
and cast his dead body into the graves when they came to a certain thlreshingof the common people-would not floor in the way, Uzzah put forth Ihis
even allow him a prophlet's burial.    hand to steady the ark,, thereby violating a law that God gave to the Levites,
UR J1Jt —[U-ri`-jah.]               by which they were forbidden, on pain
URIJAH, or URlA.  We have an of- death, to touch it. For this offense
account of this peron uin 2d Kings of Uzzh1, the Lord suddenly slew him.
xvi: 10-16, from wlich we learn that He fell downl dead by the ark. It may
he was an idolatrous priest, and in ac- be that he committed some other sin,
cordance with the wish of Ahaz, he but if he did we are not informed of it.
made an idolatrous altar like the one   It is supposed tlhat the garden in
that Ahaz saw at Damascus, when he which king Ameno  wa s bu-ied, was
went to meet the king of Assyria, and property that had belonged to this
thanked him for his conquest of his en- Uzzah dring his life time. 2d Kings,
ermies. TIn complying with the request xxi: 26.
of the king, Urijah committed sin
against God, but especially did he UZZAH —[Uz-r-ah,] t 7h e strengt
commit sin in offering sacrifices on    of the Lord.
this altar instead of on the altar of   UZZLAIr was a kinYg of Judah, called
his God.  also Azariah.  2d Kings, xv.  [See
Azariah.]
UZ, 1 —ounsel; in Syriac, to fix.
Uz was the elder son of Aram, one UIZIT — Uz/-zi,I my stenzgth, mny kid.
of the sons of Shem.  There are   Uzzi was of the tribe of Levi, and in
three other sons mentioned in Gen. x: the line of the priests from Aaron to the
23, viz., Hul, Gether, and Mash. The captivity.  1st Chron. vi: 5.




Uzz                [4591]              VAS
UZZIEL,  1-[Uz-zi'-el,] the strength alted himself among his people for
of God.                           one hundred and eighty days. HayUZZIEL was one of the four sons of ing made this feast to his princes, he
Kohath, and is referred to in the gen- followed it with a feast to all the peoealogy of the children of Levi. Ex. ple that were in the city of Shushan,
vi: 18. His three sons are referred his c apital, and their feast lasted
to in verse twenty-two, Mishael, Elza- seven days, during which time he exphan a n d Zithri.  We learn from  hibited the grandeur and glory of his
Lev. x: 4, that Uzziel was the uncle of kingdom to the people, and permitited
Aaron, and his two sons Mishael and them to drink the royal wine, from
Elzaphan were commanded to carry the royal vessels, all of them who
Nadab and Abihu out of the sane- were disposed to drink. And those
tuary, where they had died for offer- that were not disposed to drink were
ing strange fire unto the Lord. Numn. permitted to use their pleasure. And
iii: 19; 1st Chron. vi: 2, 18.       while Ahasuerus was thus making a
feast to the men, Vashti made a feast
UZZIEL, 2 —T7e strezngth of God.  to the womlen, for the men and women
UZZIEL was the son of ]3ela. He did not miix together in feasts in the
with his brothers is reckoned a mighty east. About the close of the seven
manlll, or a m1an of valor. This Uzziel dayss feast that the king made to the
was of the tribe of B enjall in.  See men, and the feast that the queen
ist Chron. vii: 7.                  mlade to the women, he gave an order
to his seven chamberlains to bring
UZZTEL, 3-The st;,nrth of Godg.   Vashti before  lim  with thle crown
UZZIEL Was one of the sons of HIe- royal upon her head, and show her
man, and  is numbered among the beauty to the a.sembled multitude of
officers of the temple, or rather lmen. This was to be the closing up
among the singers and players of in- of the king's great d i s p 1 a y. But
strumental music. 1.st hron. xxv: 4, Vashti thoughl it imllproper for her to
and the same person is referred to in be brought out thus and displayed.
2d COhron. xxix: 14i.                1-er p r uL d e n c c and modesty was
shocked at the idea of being exhibiAJEZAT Tf —l[Va-jz'-za-thhal.]  ted before a crowd who had been enThe tenth son of -Haman, the gaged in revelry and b a c ha n a lia n
Jew's enemyv. Est. ix: 9. He, with sports so long. She knew they were
his brothers, at the request of' Queen intoxicated with the display that' had
Esther, was hange-d.  They were all been made, and mlany of theml were
executed, and their bodies expose-d as drunken, for they had drank fieely of
laman's had been, that those who royal wine, day after day, and she resought the destruction of the Jews fused to go at the king's command.
might be filled with terror.           She showed a very large degree of
courage in resisting the royal mandate,
VASHNI-[Vash -ni,] the second.   as well as commendable modesty. She
Was one of the sons of the prophet must have known that she was running
Samluel.  lst Chron. vi: 28. He is the risk of being deposed if not of loscalled Joel in verse 33, as also in 1st ing her life. But she determined that
Sam. viii: 2.  He was the first-born she would rather give up the crown
of Samnuel, and an associate judge. and her position as queen, than to be
[See Joel.i-                         unchaste and ilnmmodest.'T'he king
must have had but little affection for
V AS H T 1i-[Vashl'ti,] that d+tsr her, for upon receiving her answer he
threac.                          turned to his wise men, as they were
VASHTI was the queen of Ahasu- called, aAnd asked what their advice
erus. We have an account of her in was as to what he should do unto
Esther, i: from which we learn that Vashti.  One of them, answering for
the king, her husband, in the third the rest, Said, "Let there go a royal
year of his reign, made a splendid commandment friom the king, and let
feast to all his princes and nobles, it be written among the laws of the
during which he showed the riches Persians and M3edes, that Vashti come
and glories of his kingdom, and ex- no more before the king Ahasuerus;




VTA                 [4601               ZAO
and let the king give her royal estate circumstances as the two preceding.
to another that is better than she."' Ezra x: 43.
And iMemucan, who gave thig advice,
gave as a reason for it, that Vashti had ZABDI, 1 —[Zab- di, pirtio, dowry.
not only done wrong to the king but to   Was the father of Carmi, and is reall the princes and people throughout ferred to in Joshua vii: 1, &ec., in the
the province; for her deed was known trespass of the Israelites in the matter
or would be known to all the women, of Acht-m, the son of Carmi. In lst
and they would despise their husbands Chron. ii: 6, Zabdi is called Zi i.
and refuse to obey them, and give as a Judah had two sons by Tamar, viz:
reason for it that the queen refused to Pharez and Zerah, and Zabdi was the
obey the king. The king hearkened to son of Zerah,
his wise men and reduced Vasliti to
the position of a vassal, and after a ZABDI, 2-Portion, CdowrJy.
time Esther was selected in her stead.   The Shiphmite, was placed by king
Esther, ii: 17. [See Ahasuerus, Es- David  over the wine cellars.  1st
ther, &c.]                           Chron. xxvii: 27.
~VOPHISI-[Vof'-si,] fragmegtt, diini ZABUD —[Za'-bud.]
Itzntion.                          ZALUD waS the Eon of Nathau and
occupied the pos ition, it iS supposed,
hle was of the tribe of Naplhtali, for King Solomon, of prime3 minister.
and the father of Nahbi, who was so- It is said in Ist Kigs, iv: 5, he " was
lected by Moses as one of the spies princimal o  c e   and  the king's
of the land of Canaan. Nunm. xiii: 14. friend."
7AAVAN —[Za'-a-varn.]                ZACCUR, 1.
- Was the son of Ezer and the   ZAccUR wPs of the tribe of Becugrand-son of Seir, the Hotite. Gen.. ben, anld the:father of Shammun, who
xxxvi: 27.                           was selected as a spy from that tribe.
Nun-. xiii: 3.
ZABAD 1 —Za-bad,] ca dgowr/.
Ai son ofNathan, born of the 1augh- ZACCUR, 2.
ter of Sheshan. He OCti.pies the po-    ACOUCR waS one of the sons of
sition of a mighty man of David, and Asaph, an-d is numbnered among the
yet there is no record of great deeds officers and singers that ]David separperformed by- him. 1st Chron. xi: 4-1. ated for the salnctuM'y service. PHe,
with his brothers, was probably a
ZABAID, 2-A dozwry.                  teacher of others.  1st Chron. xxv:
Xas an Ephraimi-te.  1st Chron. 2, " which prophesied according to the
vii: 21.                             order of the kin.";
ZABA:D, 3-A daorey.                  Z A a C H E U S —[Zak/-ke-us,l  pure,
A son of Shimeath, an Ammonitess,    jI stefied.
one of the assassins of king Joahl.   ZAcc i-us  was a chief publican who
2d Chron. xxiv: 26.                  desired to see Christ, having heard of
him as a noted man. Whether ZacZABAD, 4-_A downey.                  eheus was a Jew or Gentile is not quite
A  man of Israel, of the sons of certain. We have our account of him
Zattu, who put away his strange wife in Luke, xix: 1-10, from  which we
at. the command of Ezra. Ez. x: 27. learn that Jesus was passing from
where he had been to Jerusalem, and
ZABAD, 5-A dowry.                    in makin~g the journey through Jericho
One of the deseendants of Hashum,  this chief publican heard of him and
who liad married a foreign wife. Ez. was anxious to see him. HI-e probably
x: 33.                               made unsuccessful efforts in the city on
account of the crowd that gathered
ZABAD, — A dowry.                    around Jesus-he being a man low of
One of the sons of Nebo, whose stature.  He therefore passed on bename is mentioned under the same  fore the crowd and climbed up into a




ZAC                 [4611               ZAC
syctamore tree by the roadside, where wivckdnes-s he was, we may suppose,
he could have a':air view of the distin- unpopular with the peopl. ifor it is
guished stranger. To his astonishment, said of Shallumr thL   son o  Jabesh,
when Jesus reached a point in the way that he smotoe Zachariah before the
directly opposite the sycamlore tree into people. Many of them were engaged,
which he had climbe-d, he stopped, and it may be, in the consl aey,   a n d
looking up, said, "3Make haste  and hence made no objection, but rather
come down, for to-day I must abide at helped him, to murder the king; and
thy house."  He bad never spoken to then t he.y made Shallum king in, the
Jesus, or had a sight of him before, stead of rZachariah.
and yet Jesus called himl by name, and   It is supposed that when Jeroboam
proposed thus to tax his hospitality by dcied Zacharih was but an infant, and
staying awhile at his house.  Without hence thlat several years elapsed from
any hesitancy he came down and took the death of the father until the son
Jesus to his home.  He was glad of was crowned king. Some say it was
the privilege of entertaining one so twenty-three years, others, (and the
noted, and whom he was so manxious to general opimion is) that it was only
become acquainted  with.  " le  re- eleven years. But there was a prophCeived lhim joyfully."  The Jews mour- ecy mI-oe to Jehu that his sons should
inured that he went with Zaccheus, "a sit on. the t lrY o n e of Israel to the
man who was a sinner;" but in this fourth generation. 2d Kings, x: 30.
was fulfilled his own declaration: "' I And this was fulfiled. Jehoahaz, Jocame not to call the righteous but sin- ash, Jeroboam, and. Zaehariah succeed
nrnls to repentance.'                Joehu.  The same thling is referred'to
The substance, even, of the conver- in Iosea, i: 4:  " 1 will avenge the
satioo that Jesus had with Zaccheus is blood of Jezreel upon the house of
not given; but we may safely suppose Jehu."  In the death of ZaechaSiah
that he tallked with him about his spir- by Shallumn we see tie prediction fulitual and eternal interests. As a great filled, and the house of Jehn fails.
Teachcr he taught him  spiritual les- Zachariah, the last of' the family  of
sons, for the publican became convinced Jehu, fell cruelly murdered among
of sin, and said to Jesus, "'Behold, his people.
Lord, the half of my goods I give to
the poor, and if I have taken anything ZACHARAS —     [*Zach-a-ii'-as.]
from any man T restore hinm four-fold."   ZAOCtAnAL.kS was a priest of the course
I have not only a knowledge of sin, and of Abia and the father of John the
a deep sense of guilt: for my sins, but I Baptist.  WTe may learn the entire
am willing, so far as it is in my power, scripture account  of him froI1 Luke, i.
to make  restitution for any injury I "I-c and his wife Elisabeth we-e both
have done. Jesus then told Zaceheus, righteous before God, walking in all the
in substance, tlat his repentance and commandments and ordinances of the
faith were genuine, and that he was ac- Lord blameless."  From  this passage
cepted; and tmuning to his disciples, we are assured that tahey were eminently
he said, " This day is salvation come righteous.   Elisabeth the wife o f
to this house, forasmuch as he also is a   Zacharias had no children, and about
son of Abraham."                     fifteen months before our Savior was
born, the angel of the Lord appeared
Z A (C I A Pt I A    - [Zak-a-ri'-ah,] unto Zacharias near the temple altar,,memnory of the Lord.             while the priest was burning incense
gZACHARIAni, or ZECRHLARAX, was there.  It was the angel Gabriel, and
the son of the second Jeroboam, and he assured the priest that his wife who
succeeded his father to the throne of had so long been barren, should have a
Israel. 2d Kings, xiv: 29. The reign eon, and that his name should be called
of Zacharial was short; and it was a John,  and further, that "the child
wicked reign, for it is said: "And lhe should be great in the sight of the
did that which was evil in the sight Lord, and should drink neither wine nor
of the Lord, as his fathers had done. strong drink."  IEe was informed that
He departed not from. the sins of this clhild should be the messenger or
Jeroboam, the son of Nebat, who forerunner of Messiah. Zacharias remade Israel to sin."  Becarse of his fused fully to credit the message of the




ZAO                [462J              ZAD
angel, and for that refusal the angel have it exposed or borne away from
told lhim he should be truc'k dumb, and Jerusalem.  He accordingly, in cornrenmain so until the prediction regarding pany with Abiathar, carried the ark
the birth of John should be fulfilled; back again, and remained with them,
and immediately le became dumb, and that they might gather all the inforas he passed out of the temple he made mation regarding the rebellion that
signs to the people who were worshiping they could, and send it the king in
in the court, that he had seen a vision. the wilderness. Ile had a son whose
When Zacharias had served his time at name was Ahimaaz, and Abiathar had
the altar, he wenrt home and probably a son whose name was J o nath an;
infonmed Elisabeth of the vision he they also returned with them with a
had seen, and of the words of the angel. view of being couriers between JoruHc continucid to be without the power salem  and David's retreat.  When
of speech until the child was born, and Hushi, the Archite, Davi's partineven then he was not restored, until a lar friend, met him with his clothes
icontroversy was sprung between Elisa- rent, and earth upon his head, deeply
beth and her friends, as to the name of affected by the sad calamity of the
the child. She insisted that it should king, David, in his distress, apprecibe named John. It is possible that ated the sympathy and kindness of
Zaclharias had in some way told her Hushai, but he badcle him return to.
that the angel that appeared unto him, Jerusalem, and defeat the counsel of
had said his name should be called Ahithophel, referring him to the fact
John. The friends agreed with Elisa- that he would find Zadok and Abiabeth to submit the naming of the child thar, the priests there, in whom  he
to the father. They accordingly con- might confide, for they would be ready
suited lim with signs, and lie wrote to r e  d e r him any assistance they
tLmt he should be called John. And could in favoring him, and the two
immediately he recovered his speech, sons of the priests would convey inand broke out in rapturous strains of telligence to him. 2d Sami. xvi: and
praise to God for the ground-work of xvii. When the battle was over, anad
faiththat he now had for the speedy Absalom was dead, Zadok and Abiacoming of M essiah; and as he looked thar spake unto the elders of Judah,
upon the habe in its mothers arms, he that they should bring David back to
prophesied that it should become a Jerusalem at once, and they united in
mighty teacher, and by his instructions sending for David to return. 2d Sc.
should prepare the way of the Lord, by xix: 11-15. Zadok continued with
preparing the nation of the Jews to David till the end of his reign, and
receive the Mlessiah.               when his s u c c e s s o r was to be appointed Davidcl said, "Call me Zado k,
ZADOK-E[Za'dok,] just, justified.   the priest, and Nathan, the prophet
ZADOK was the son of A-itub. He and Benaiah, the son of Jehoiada, and
was a priest and prophet, or seer. 2d they camne before the king."  He then
Samuel, xv: 24-27. Zadok and Abia- bade them prepare for the coronation
thar, who escaped from the city of the ceremonies. " C a u a e Solonmon, my
priests when Saul slaughtered theni son, to ride upon mine own mule,
b e c a u s e that David had been be- and bring him down to Giihon, and let
friended, were a sort of high priests Zadok the priest, and Nathan the
in the time of David's reign. But prophet, anoint him king over Israel."
Zadcok seems to be the principal one, They did as they were commanded
for David consulted himl mostly. It and Zadok poured the anointing oil
may be, because he was a prophet as upon the head of S olo   o mon. 1st
well as a priest.                   Kings, i. Thus we see, while AbiaWhen David fled from Jerusalem, thar went with Adonijah, Zadok, after
-on account of the rebellion of Absa- serving David through his reign was
lom, Zadok had the ark borne as far honored by king Solomon. 1st Kings
as the brook Kidron, by the Levites. ii: 35-" put in the room  of AbiaThey evidently intended to take the thar," i. e., he came to be sole high
ark on with David, but the king asked priest after Abiathar's confinement,
Za-dok to carry the ark back again and was succeeded in the office by
into the city.  I-le was unwilling to Ahimaaz, his son. 1st Chron. vi: 8.




ZAD                 [463]               ZEB
And it would seem from 2d Chron. of his relatives. At first the warrior
xxvii: 1, that there was another Za- bade Jether, his son, slay them, but he
dok whose daughter Jerushah was the was a youth and afraid; therefore Gidwrife of king Uzziah, and the mother eon himself drew his sword and slew
of' Jotham.                          them  both, and stripped their camels
It was probably the posterity of the of the rich crnaments that were about
Zadok who served in the priest's their necks.
office during the reigns of David and
Solomon, that is reteorred to in Eze- ZAPENATH-PAANEAH -  [Zaf'kiel, xliv: 15: " But the priests, the   nath-pa-a-ne'-ah,] one that discovLevites, the sons of Zadok, that kept    ers hidden thi2gys; *in the Egypthe charge of my sanctuary when the       tian tong2ue, a savior of the wolcTd.
children of Israel went astray from'Was a name that Pharaoh, the king
me, they shall come near to me to of Egypt, gave to Joseph after he had
minister u nto me; and they shall promoted him to be steward or superstand before me to offer unto me the intendent of all his affairs, and placed
fat of the blood, sdith the Lord God. upon hiln the badges of his new office.
They shall enter into my sanctuary, Gen. xli: 45.
and they shall come near to my table
to minister unto me, and they shall ZEBADIAH, 1-Zeb-adi/-ah, poerkeep my charge."                         tion7 of the Lord.
Was one of the sons of Shelamiah.
Z A E A 1M   [Za'-ham,] crime, imn- He was one of the sacred porters. 1st
pcrity.                          C0hron. xxvi: 2.
Hle was one of the sons of tchobeoam, born unto him of one of the ZEBADIATh, 2-Portion of the Lord.
wives he took in the fatmily of David.   The son of Asahlel, is reckoned in the
c2d Chron. xi: 19,                   course of his father when the monthly
service was instituted. 1st Chronicles,
ZALMON - [Zal'-mon,  hi.s shade, xxvii: 7.
obsczr'ity.
He was an Ahohiter ancl one of ZEBAH  or ZIBA-[Ze'-bah,] vcDavid's  n ig hty men. 2d Samuel,        tim, imnmolation.
xxiii: 28.                              ZEBAEI was an associate with Zalmunna, as a king of 3Midian, who was
Z A L 31 U N N A -  [ Zal-mun'-nah,] pursued by Gideon, overtaken and
shacdoow, inage.                 discomfitted, and  afterwards slain
ZALMsUNNA was a king of' Midian, with the sword by the conqueror.
wiho, with Zebah, another king, wass Jud. viii: 10, 21. (See Salmunna.)
pursued by Gideon after the battle on
the plains of Moab. Judg. viii: 4-12. ZEBEDEE-[Zeb'-be-dee.]
Gideon, with his three hundred men,   ZEBEDEE was father of the two
had passed over Jordan, "faint yet apostles, James and John. Matt. iv:
pursuing" the two Midianite kings, and 21; and x: 2; Marik, i: 19, 20. The
hle asked loaves of bread of the men of usual phrase in designating these two
Succoth for his starving soldiery, and apostles is, "James, the son of Zebethey refused it.  Hel then told them  dee, and John his brother."  Hle was
after he returned he woulcd punish a fisherman and was engaged with the
them. He then asked bread of the sons in mending his nets when Jesus
men of Penuel, and they also refused. called them to be apostles.
He threatened them with punishment
also on his return, which threat he af- ZEBUDAH-[Ze-bu'-dah.]
terwards fulfilled to the letter.      ZEBUDAIr  was the  daughter of
Gideon overtook Zebah  and Zal- Pedaiah of Rumah, and the mother
munna with their host, and discom- of Jehoiakim. 2d Kings, xxiii: 36.
fitted them, bringing the two kings
back with him, probably, as far as Suc- ZEBUL-[Ze'-bul,] a habitation.
coth and Penuel. He questioned them    ZEBUL was governor of the city of
as to some acts of violence they had Shechem, appointed  by A.bimelech.
committed. at Tabor in murdering some When Gaal, the son of Ebed, con



ZEB                [464]                ZE3
spired against Abimelech, Zebul lshall be for a haven of ships; and
heard of it, and his wrath was kindled his b o r d er shall be unto Zidon."
and he immediately sent Abimelech This prophetic declaration seems to
word of the conspiracy, and of the be fulfilled in the inheritanece that
fortifications that Gaal was preparing was given to Zebulun when the land
around the city, and he suggested to of Canaan was divided. Joshua, xix:
Abimelech to come up by night and 10, &c.
lay in a.mnbush until morning near the   When they went out of the land of
city, and then suddenly come upon Egypt the tribe of Zebulun was comG-cal. and his forces.  Early in the mranded by Eliab, the son of Elon;
morning Gaal saw the approach of and the one that was sent as a spy to
Abimnelech and his men in the dis- search the land of Canann  was G-adtance, and turning to Zebul, the gov- diel, the son of Sodi, and their prince
ernor, he said, "Behold there came to divide the lancd was Elizaphan, the
down people from  the top of the soin of Panlacg. Num. xxsvi 23, 24;
mountains."  Zebul knew it was the also  x xiv: 25.  Their inheritapproach of Abimelech, but he said ance gave them a lai ge amotunt of sea
to Gaaul, " thou seest the shadow of coast, and they carried on an extenthe nmountains as if they were men." sive sea trade. They also had extenBut after a little while Gaal saw sive fisheries, and weie engaged in the
them comning down "by the middle of ymanufacture of glass.  It is said, in
the land," and a large company com- Dent. xxxiii: 19:  "They shall call
ing by the plain. li-e now saw that it the people unto the imountain; there
was Abimnelech and his forces. Zebul they shall offer sacricfies of righteousreferred him  to what he had said ness; for they shall    suck of the
about Abimelech, and told him to go abundance of the seas, and of treasout and fight with him, and lhe did, ures hid in the sand."  By this we
andcl only  saved his life by fiight. may understand that they shall grow
After this Zebul, the governor of the wealthy by their merchandise, and by
city, thrust himn out, and would not let their inventive g e n i u s they shall
bhim remain in Shechem. Judges, ix: gather wealth, as well as notoriety, by
28, 41.                              manufacturing glass from  the sand.
It is understood that the tribe of
ZEB~iJiUN-[Zetb-u-lun,] ddwelling, Zebulun had revealed unto them the
habitation.                      treasures of the sand by learning the
method of manuflacturing glass.
ZEBULUN was the sixth son of Ja-   We learn from Judges, i: 30, that
cob by his wife Leah, hlence was one Zebulun did not drive out the Caof the twelve patriarchs.  His birth naanites from  at least two cities in
is announced in Gen. xxx: 20. When -their inheritance, Kitron and Nahahe was born his mother said: " God lol, but they made the people dwellhath endowed mle with a good dowry; ing in theim tributaries to tlhei.
now will mny husband dwell with me,   When Deborah arose as a judge in
because I have borne hin six sons; Israel, Zebulun, with Naphtali, went
and she called his na.me Zebulun." up to the number of ten thousand
In this language she alludes to the lnen, and they were very active in
fact that Jacob dwelt mostly witll routing the hosts of Jabin. Judges,
Rachel. His position, as the sixth iv: 10. And in the song of Deborah,
son of Leah, is'given in Gen. xxxv: Judges, v: 18, we have the following
23. The sons of Zebulun are referred language:  "Zebulun and Naphtali
to in Gen. xlvi: 14. They were Sered, were a people that jeoparded  their
Elon, and Jahleel; and fonom  thell lives unto the death in the places of
sprung a numerous posterity.  There the field." And in Judges, vi: 35, we
were fifty-seven thousand four hun- learn that they rallied to the help of
dred warriors when they went out of Gideon against the Midianites a n nd
the land of Egypt. Num. i: 30, 31. Amalekites; and the children of the
In Gen. xlix: 13, we have the dying East Gideon sent messages to theml
father's prophetic benediction respect- as a 1 s o to Manasseh, Asher a n d
ing the offspring of Zebulun: " Shall Naphtali, and they came up to mleet
dwell at the haven of the sea; and lihe him and assist hiim.




ZEB                [4651              ZEC
One of the judges of Israel, ElQn, hlgh priest, and that the spirit of God
was a Zebulunite, as we learn from  came upon hillm and he stood above
Judges, xii: 11, and he judged Israel the people and charged their idolatry
fourteen years.                     and wickedness upon t he m.'He
The tribe of Zebulun continued to shunned not to charge the king's
be extensive for many years, for when wickedness upon him; Joash became
David was coronated or crow n e d so enraged at the faithful prophet's
king of Israel, in Hebron, there were warning that he ordered him to be
fifty thousand of the tribe that were stoned in the court of the house of
true mren-" they were not of double the Lord.  Zechariah's warning was
heart "-that brouglht large quantities in the following  language: "Why
of provisions to him, and united in transgress ye the conmmandmaent of
turning the kingdom of Saul to him. the Lord that ye cannot prosper? belst Chron. xii; 33. And they are men- cause ye have forsaken the Lord, he,
tioned in connection with Benjamin lhath also forsaken you."  We must
and Naphtaii, by the Psalmist in the look upon Joash as a very contemptifollowing  language, Psalm, lxviii: ble and mean man to give an order'
f27, "There is little Bepjamin with thus to slay a prophet, and when we
their rulers, the princes of Judah, consider that Jehoiada, the father of'
and their counsel, the princes of Zeb- Zechariah, had saved Joash from beulin, and the princes of Naphtali."  ing murdered, and administered the
When king Hezekiah invited all government for him when he was too,
Israel to join him in holding a Pass- young to adnminister it for himself.
over to the Lord, he sent posts or (See Joash and Jehoiada.) But when
messengers with his proclamation all Zechariah was dying he told them to,
over the country, from  Dan to Beer- rest assured that the Lord would]
sheba, and though the messengers avenge his death.  2d Chron. xxiv:
were generally mocked in Zebulun, as 22. We may consider this person a
in other tribes, yet there were several true martyr to his religion, and to his
who liumblied thelselves of the tribe profession as a prophet.  See  fatt.
of Zebulun, and came to Jerusalem, xxiii: 35. " That upon you may coie
and entered heartily into Hezekiah's all the righteous blood shed upon the.
reformation; 2d Chron. xxx: 11.    earth, froml the blood of righteous
The country inhabited by this tribe Abel, unto the blood of Zacharias,
was blessed, and it is referred to by son of Barachias, whom ye slew bethe prophet, Isaiah, ix: 1, 2, in his I tween the temple and the altar."  Itis
prophecy of Christ's birth, and the es-  supposed that this Zechariah, the son
tablishment of his kingdom.  Their of Jehoiada, is the one referred to by
country was blessed with the instruc- our Lord, and his cruel murder is
tions of the Great Teacher, and many brought to the remembrance of the.
of his miracles were performed there. Jews.
Indeed, Capernaum, his "own city,"
was upon the sea coast in the borders ZECIHARIAH, 2 - Niimory of' the
of Zebulun. and Naphtali, Matthew,        Lordct
iv: 12, and several of the disciples   ZECHAIAxrHl was the son of Jebereof Christ were gathered up by him  chiah or Barachiahi.  In 2d Chron.
from their original inheritance.    xxvi: 5 it is said of him  "that he
had understanding in the visions of
ZECHARIAH, 1-[Z e k'-a-r i-a h,] God;' by which we may understand.
mnemory of the Lord.            that he could give the true interpreZECaHIARI was the son of Jeho- tations of divine prophecies.  He
tada, the high priest of the Jews, and prophesied in the days of Uzziah and
he is supposed to be the same person encouraged hinm  to the practice of
as Azariah.  In 1st Chron. vi: 10, it piety; and when he attempted to offer
is said, " Azariah executed the priest's incense, it is quite likely that this
iffice in the temple that Solomon Zechariah withstood him as did many
built in Jerusalem."   But whether others.  Hle was one of the faithful
Azariah was the same person or not, witnesses referred to by name in Isa.
it is said in 2d Chron. xxiv: 20, Zecha- viii: 2, that attested the prophet's
riah was the son of Jehoiada, the writing concerning M alher-shalal80




ZEC                [46]                 ZED
hash-baz.   "And I took unto mne one of the sacred porters.  1st Chron.
itithftul witnesses to record, Uriah the xxvi: 11.
priest, and  Zachariah the  son of
Jebercheiah."                         ZEOCHARIAH, 5-  iemory of the
Lord.
ZECHARIAII, 3-  eimo-ry of the   Was thle son of Shelamiah  and like
Lorcd.                           his father, one of the sacred porters.
ZECI-IAI1AH or Zachariah  as one He vas the keeper of the northern
of the twelve minor prophets.  It gate.  lstChron. xxvi: 14.  ieisalso:eems that he; returned from Babylon supposed to have been captain of a
with Zerubbabel -and while quite a thousand men. Ist Chron. xxiii: 5.
young man began to prophecy.  In
Ezra, v: 1, we learn that Haggai and ZEDEKIAH, 1-[Zel-e-kii'-ah,] the
Zeclmhaiah the son of Iddo prophesied     Lord is qzyjustice.
unto the Jews that were in Judea and   ZEDEKII-I was the son of Josiah and
Jerusalem.   In his prophecies he the last of the Kings of Judah.  His
exhort-s the people to retjntance and mother's namewas  amnutal, thecdaughencourages them to build the teimple. ter of Jeremiah, of Libnah. H- I-e sucI-e had  variousI visions which he ceeded Jehoiachim as king, by the apmade known to Zerubbabel and his pointment of the King of Babylon, and
builders, such as the vision of the te King of1 Babylon changed his name
fo u r horns  and four carpenters; from Mattaniah to Zedekiah. 2d Kings
the mleasuring  of Jerusalem; xxiv:  17, &o. He began his reign
the vision of eJosh ua,  the high when he was twenty-one years of age,
priest, with his associate p r i e s t s; and it continued eleven years. W e are
the type of the golden  candlestick informed as to the character of Zedewithl the fl ying roll —and the vision of kiah as a king, "hle did evil in the sight
four chariots. HIe saw  1e ldai,, Tobi- of the Lord, according to all thatJehojah. and Jedaiah, as well as Joshua iakim  had done."  TVhough he had
crow-ned with crowns of silver andc sworn to be tributary to the King of.gold by which the glory of the New  Babylon, who had appointed him king,
T'estament church is set forth, Zech. he violated his obligations, and rebelled
iii, iv, v and vi.  In the vii an-d viii against him. Though he was faithfully
lie direets the Jews concerning the warned from God by tihe prophet Jereduty of fasting, and he presses upon miah, and other prophets, he and his
them a variety of moral duties. They people refused to hear the warnings;
-wre to practice mercy and compas- and it is said in 2d Chron. xxxvi: 16,;sion, the'one toward the other, and " They moe'Xed the messengers of God,
especially were to regard the wants of and despised his words, and misused his
the wid4ow and the fatherless, with the prophets, until the wrath of the Lord
stranger and the poor, and be sure not arose against his people, till there was:
to oppress them, etc.  He predicts no renely."  Both the king and his
various wars-and the birth ancl suf- people, hardened their hearts, and inferings in life of the Messiah.  IHe dulged in gross idolatry, and other inmpredicts clearly the -ruin of the Jew- picties. We have the fact set forth, as
ish Churchl, and thel promulgation of to the character of Zedekiall and the
the glorious truths of the gospel to people of Judah, in Ezek. xvii: 13;
the Gentiles, and he contemplates and there Zedekiah is said to have despised
predicts the glorious, millennial era., an oath that he took, and broke a covHle closes up his prophecies by de- enant that he made, for which the Lord
claring regarding the latter day that said lhe should not escape, but should
" there s1all be upon the bells of the die. We have an account in Jer. xxix,
horses, holiness unto the Lordc, and of a deputation sent to the King of
the pots in the Lord's house shall be Babylon by Zedekiah, probably with
like bowls before the altar."  Zeeh. his flrst year's tribute; Elasah, the son
xiv: 20.                              of Shaphan, and Gnemariah, the son of
Iiikialh; and the prophet Jeremiah,
ZECIHAPIAHo-, 4 -- ifemory of t7he sent letters to the captives in 3Babylon,
Loord.                            )by these messengers.
Was one of the sons of Hosah, and   And in the fourth year of Zedekiah's




ZED                 [467]               ZEE
reign he went into Babylon in person in   The city was finally taken. ZIeekiah,
company with Seraiah; and Jeremianh_ with a number of his soldiery, fled in
sent prophecies by the hand of Seraiah the night; but the Chaldeans pursuedc
into Babylon, and bade himn read them, and overtook them near Jericho, or in
and then cast the roll'with a stone the plains of Jericho. Jer. xxxix: 5.
fastened to it into the river Euphrates, They then brought Zedekiah a prisoner
that it might sinl there; and then de- to Nebuchadnezzar at Iiiblah, and the
clarecd the sinking of the stone with the conquering king gave judgment against
roll of prophecies against Babylon at- him.  I-le then put Zedekiaih's chiltached to it, emblematic of the de- dren to death, and the nobles and
struction that should come upon Baby- princes of Judahb before his eyes; afer
lon, from which she should not recover. which Nebuchadnezzar put out ZedeJer. li: 59, &c.                      kiah's eyes, and had hini bound with
It was in the ninth year of Zedekiah's chains and carried to Baebylon, where,
reign, that he broke the solemnn treaty after sufering  for some lime. he died,
wit.h Nebuchadnezzar, and entered into and'was buried by his friends, or l hon
a league with Pharaoh-hophrah, of orably interred, as the prophet lhaid said
Epypt, and other nations. IHe pro- he should be.
cured their assistance to throw off the
yoke which was upon him and his peo- ZEDEIAIH, 2 —T7e Lwid is my
pie. As soon as Nebuchadnezzar, the      justice.
King  of Babylon, learaned  this he   Was a false prophet referred to in
marehed  a large army into'the country 1st Kings, xxii: 11-24.  He was the
of Juden, and lad siege to Jerusalem. son of Chenabaah, who  persuaded
The captivity of Zedekiah was clearly Ahab to go up against Bamoth-gilead.
foretold by  the prophet Jeremitah. Micialb, a true prophet, declared ZetdJer. xxxiv:  1.  And  the prophet ekiah a false pprophet.  At this lie beEzekiel refers to the  saKme thing. came  angry and smote Micaiah ol the
Ezek. xii: 8-21-26.                   cheek, and then insult-inply  said,
It seen m   that Zedekiah became "  lWhich way went the spirit of the
alarmed when he found that the king Lord to speak unto thee."  The true
of Babylon had laid siege to Jerusalem, prophet answered him by saying, " Beand in his alarn  he sent for the hold, thou shalt see in that day, when
prophet Jeremiah to enquire of the thou shalt go into an inner cham-nbei to
Lord for him. As soon as the lmessen- hide thyself " —probably referiring proger that the king sent to the prophet phetically to some judgment of — d
reached him, they delivered their mnes- that afterwards fell upon Zedekiall.
sage to him, andc thle prophet promptly
answered him, boldly setting forth the ZEDEKIAHI, 3 —The Lord is my
dreadful calamity that was coming upon   justice.
Jerusalem, her people, and her king.   Was the son of Tiaaseiah.  Jer.
Jer. xxi, xxvii, xxxix; 2d KIings, xxv. xxix: 21, 22.  It is said of him  he
From these prophecies and declarations prophesied a lie in the name of the
we learn that though Nebuchadnezzar Lord, and for it should be delivered
raised the siege of Jerusalem in order' into the hands of Nebuchadnezzar, and
to beat back the Egyptians,-thereby should be slain. We may suppose that
giving Jerusalem and its inhabitants a lie died the horrible death of " being
respite,-yet he returned, and a second roasted in the fire."
time laid siege to the city until he conquered and took it. The prophet Jer- ZEEB-[Ze'-eb,J woo7f.
emiah counseled the king Zedekiah to   ZEEB, With Oreb, is referred to in
give up and submit himself to the Judges, vii: 25. They were princes
mercy of the king of Babylon, for God of 3Midian who fled before Gideon
had determined that Jerusalem should after the great battle in the plain of
be taken. The king of Judah would Moab. Under the command of Gidnot follow his counsels, cease his rebel- eon, the Ephraimites watched at the
lion, and surrender himself up. The fords of Jordan where the Midianites
consequence of his refusal was, he would be likely to cross on their way
brought upon himself greater misery to their own country; and the childand ignominy.                         ren of Ephraim  slew many of themn




ZEE                [468]              ZEB
and found the two princes hid-one Titus, iii: 13. He is the only pious
of them in a cavern of a rock and the lawyer we read of in the scriptures.
other in the vat of a winepress, and When the apostle was at Nicapolis,.
they were botlh slain. Oreb was slain and Titus was about to make him a
at the rock Oreb, and Zeeb "was slain visit, he wrote, "Bring Zenas, the'
at the winepress of Zeeb."  The lawyer, and Apollos on their journey
Ephraimites then brought their heads diligently;" fiom which we may judge
to Gideon on the other side of Jordan. that he was a noted christian, andc an
associate of the eloquent Appollos.
ZELEK —[Ze'-lek,] the noise oqf himz
that lacps.                     ZEPHANIA11 — Zef-a-ni'ah,    j t h e
He was an Ammonite, and one of        Lord is my' secret, the,mouth7 of'
David's   i g h t y men. 2d Samnuel     the Lord.
xxiii: 37.                            Z'EPHANIl. was one of the minor,
prophets who. lived and prophesied in
ZELOP11EH-AL    - [ Ze-lo'/-e-had,] the time of Josia, the king of Judah.
The shctde or tingling offear.    We learn from Z.e p h a n i'a h, i: io.
ZELOPI-EHAD was the son of He- that he w a s the son of Cush, or
pher, and is referred to in NumberTs,  Cushi,,and the grandson of Gedaliah.
xxvii: 1, &c. He had no sons, but iH euttered a prophecy against Josiah,
when he died left behind him  five the king, becauLe he? allowed his childaughters. Theywere MalahahNoah, dren, when they' grew up, to wear
EHoglah, Milcah, and Tirzah.  He clothing: like unto the princes of other
was of the tribe of M[anasseh, and nations, or robes of a foreign fashion.
died in the wilderness;, but hie did "They are clothed with strange
not die, as many'of the Israelites did, apparel.'  In the first chapter of his
for some particular sin comilitted. prophecies, ZepLa'niah declares God's
So his daughters say, when they make judgments against Judah.  In the"
application to ]Moses for an inherit- second, exhorts them to repentance
an e in C a n a a n as heirs to their and in the: third,; utters sharp reproof'
father, there being no son left. The against Jerusalem and its inhabitantso
Lord approved of their demand and
M[oses g r an ted their request. So ZEPHANIAH, 2 —The.Lord is mny
there was a special enactment provided  secret, the mnouth of" the Lord.
to meet their case.  They were re-   Z E P II A. N I A II was a deputy high
quired to marry such as were. of the priest under Seraiah, or a s e c o n d:
tribe of M3anasseh,. to w hi c h they priest. HI-le is referred to in 2d Kings,
belonged, so that the inheritance of xxv: 18. Here Nebuzar-adan, the
their father should not be alienated captain of the: gtmrdl, is represented as
from his tribe. See, also, Num. xxxvi, taking Zephaniah with Seraiah, and
where we have the case of the daugh- three door keepers, and a military
ters of Zelophehad presented by cer- officer, and five of the king's bodytain chiefs of the'tribe of Joseph; and guard, and attendants, with the king's
the matter was settled by Zelophe- scribe, and sixty men Qof the people,
had's daughters marrying their cous- and sending them to Riblah, where'
ins, or their "father's brothers' sons." they were put to death by the king of
Thus his inheritance was retained by Babylon.  We have an account of
his own children and continued in his Zephaniah in Jeremiah, xxi: 1, and
own tribe.                          xxxvii: 2. He is named as one of
those by whom Zedekiah, the king,,
ZELOTES —[e'lo-tes,]jealtos, fatll sent messages to the prophet Jereof zeal.                        mialh, and requests for his prayers in'
Was the surname of one of the' behalf of him, and also of his kingapostles, viz: Simon,. the Canaanite. dom. We -learn from J e r e   i a h,
He is called Simon Zelotes. Luke, xxix: 24-29, that Shemaiah sent let-.
vi: 15. [See Simon, the Canaanite.] ters unto Zephaniah, the son of iaMaasiah the priest, accusing Jeremiah of
ZENAS-[Ze'nas,] living.             Anathoth, of being a mad-man, and'
ZENAS was a pious man who is re- deserving to be put in prison, anc
ferred to by Paul in his epistle to kept fast in_ stocks. Zephaniah readg




:ZEP'114691              ZER
the letter in the ears of Jeremiah. ZERESH -- [Ze/-resh,] rn i s e y,'Whether he was the Zephaniah who         stranger.
is referred to in Zechariah, vi: 10-14,   ZERFs-I was the wife of -nman, the
as the father of Josiah, and the father enemy of the Jews.  She is first introof Hen, who were priests, we do not duced to our notice in Est. v: 10.
know.  It is thought he lived too Haman had attended a banquet of
early to be the father of those priests, Est-her in company with the king, and
was -ovejoyed at the honor. But in
ZEPHIO —[e'-fo,] that sees and ob- addition to the first, he was invited to a
serveso                           second banquet on the morrow, and
Was the son of Eliphaz, and the when he arrived at home that night he
grandson of Esau.  Gen. xxxwvi: 1L.    called together his friends and his wife
Zeresll, to counsel with them  as to
ZEPHON-[Ze'-fon.]                     what he should do to rid himself of
Or ZiDhioD, was a Gadite, and the Mordecai, the Jew, whom he could not
head of the Zephonites, one of the bear to let live until the day of general
powerful fta'milies of that tribe. Numo. slaughter. Zeresh, his wife, gave him
xxvi: 15. It seemls from  his position counsel, anCd his friends ioiled her to
as given here, as well as the order of the effect that a gallows be erected on
the children of CGad, as given in a-nO.  which to mng Mlordecai the next day.
xlvi: 16, that he was the eldest son of I-laman adopted her counsel and made
his father.                           the gallows, but the next day passed
away and the Jew was not executed;'ZERAI, 1    -[Ze'-rah,] east, bright- but in the stead the greatest honor had
n.ess.                            been conferred upon him. And Hanman
Also called Zohar, was a son of Sim- had been compelled to confer it in carcon.  Gen. xlvi: 1.0. He was the fifth  rying out the king's wishes.
*son,.and we learn fiom Numu. xxvi: 13,   That day when the proud officer came
that he was the father of the Zarhites. home and repo-led what had taken
place to his wiCe Zeresh, and all his
ZERATI, 2 —East, brigheness.          friends, they seemed to join with HaZEAI-t was a powerful. king of Ethi- man in his mournig, and they gave
opia or Cush, who invadlcd Juah and him  an exression that indicated that
was defeated by iKing Asa.  The ac- they had dreadful forebodings of conmcount of this invasion is given in 2d in'ill. "If Mordecai be of the seed'Chron. xiv: 9-15.  Her-le we learn that of the Jews before whoml thou hLast beZerah had a host of fighting men, for aun to fall, thou shalt not prevail against
they iuambered one million, and besides him, but shall surely iall before him."
he had three hundred chariots. The   It was not long until the worst
Lord interfered for Asa and smote the fears.of Zeresh were realized, for the
Ethiopians, so that they were con- intelligence reached her before that day
quered and fled before Judah, and the closed, that her husband wascondemned
nost of them were cut off.  " Asa and to death, and that hewas to bo executed
the people pursued them unto Gerer, on the gallows that had been erected on
and the Ethiopians were overthrown which to hang the despised Jew.  It
that they could not recovee themselves, was not long until the widow -of R-aman
for they were destroyed before the found that the ten sons were all slain.
Lord and before his hos t; and they Thus she was left childless, as well as a
carried away much spoil."             widow. How long she survived this
calamity, we do not know. It is proZERAH, 3 —East, briEhtness..          bable that after it was found out that
Was of the tribe of Levi, and in the she counseled her husband to lang
line of the priests from Aaron to the Mordecai, (if it was found out) that
captivity.  1st Chron. vi: 21.        she too was slain by those who had put
her husband and sons to death.
ZERAHIAH-[Zer-a-hi'-ah.]                E]
ZERI —[Ze/ri.]
Was of the tribe of Levi, and in the   Was also called Izri, and was one
line of the priests from Aaron to the of the sons of Jeduthan, and when
captivity. 1st Chron. vi: 6.          the lots were cast, and the sin-gers




ZE-R                [470]               ZER
were divided into tweunty-four courses, reached his native land, and saw again
the fourth l o t came to him.  1st the cities of Israel, he built the
Chron. xxv: 3-11.                    altar of the God of Israel to offer
burnt offerings on, according to the
ZEJUAH — [Ze-rPu'M,il] leprous, hoi- law of II o s es. He instituted the
nzet.                            Feast of Tabernacles, and then made
Was the mother of Jeroboam, the'his preparations to begin, as early as
son of Nebat, who was employed at possible, the building Of the temple,
first by Solomon to superintend sonme and in the second month of the secof his improvements, and was after- ond year, laid its foundations. The
wards the king of the revolted tribes. ceremonies of layin6 the foulndations
Zeruah was a widow  womian.  1sb are recorded in Ezra, iii: 9-11.   e
Kings, xi: 26.                       had many obstructions laid in his way
by the Samnaritans, to prevent his reZERUUBB~E II —[       b'-ba-bcel,  builling the temple, and he was coibcl)iseled, Ja strang.er at.B3abylotn, pelled to cease from the woik for a
cispcersoo,0, of co;7f!asion.   while. They topped until the second
ZFRUtPmABEL was the son of Sala- year of the reign of Darius, king of
thiel and of the royalI line of David. Persia.
His position in the royal fimily is   Zerubbabel then receives encozurg ven clearly in th   ene e a l o gy of ageraent'froml two of God's servantus,
Christ by MBatihew, i: 12, wher  e h  the prophetas H-1Tag gai and Zechariah,
is called Zorobabel. In Luke iii: 27, and again proceeded with the building
lbe is called the son of Salatifiel, as of the telnp e. Again. they met wi-th
he is also in the former quotattion from  o-bstriueutions, and a letter was written
which we mnay understand that She- to Darius, the king,  which led himn to
altiel and Salathiel are the same have   search  made for the edict of
person.                              Cyrus, under which Zerubbabel left
Zeruobabel is mentioned in Ezra, Babylon, and entered upon this work.
ii: 2, as at the head, or in coommand A  transeript of the edict of Cyrus
of those who returned froni Babylon. was'ound, and Darius confirmed it,
There  were the children of the priests, and bade t1lose who had opposed hir
the Levites, thle singers, the porters, to oppose him no more, but rather enthe servalnts of Solomon, and with  courage himi. Accordingly they did
themn a great many who could not find so. In comparatively a sLort tilme, the
their genealogy, or their family regis- work was finished. The temple was
ters. In verses sixty-four andt sixty- dedicated, and the soleimn  Feasts of
seven, we learn  of the number of the Passover and of unleavened bread
those who returned from  Babylon; were kept, and the Jews rejoiced exthere were forty-two thousand' three ceedingly.  Ezra iv, v and vi; IHaghundfeid and sixty, besides their ser- gai, i and ii; Zecih. iv: 6-10.
vants, and the maids of whom there   Zerubbahel had seven sons, whose
were seven thousand three hundred names are given in 1st Chron. iii: 19and twentyseven.  There were two 2'0, and a daughter whose namne was
hundred singing men, ancd singing wo- S h e I o mii th. The sons' names were
men; and they had with theia seven Meshullam,  Iananiah,   a -ashub a h,
hundred and thirty-six horses, and Ohel, Bereehilah, IHasadiah and Jutwo hundred and forty-five mules, shab-hesed. Two of these sons are
four hundred and thirty-five camels, called by other names in the genealogy
and six thousand seven hlundred and of Joseph and M1ary. rlhesa, from
twenty asses, besides -a large amuount whom  Mary was descended, and Abiof gold andcl silver and rich stuffs.  ud from whtom Joseph ctame. Luake
The Chaldean name of this person, iii: 27, and Matthew, i: 13.
was Sheshbazzar. Ezra, i: 8-11, and   Zerubbabel was a very import.ant
v: 14-16. Zerubbabel not only led' personage, and performed a very imthis mighty host froml  Babylon to portant work in the building of the
Judea, (having under his charge the second temple, under the difficulties
valuables of the Chaldean king, sent that surrounded him. There are
by him, consisting of sacred vessels, some expressions in the book of the
gold, silver, &e.)  But soon after he prophet Haggai, ii: 23, that seem to,




ZER                 14711                 ZIB
prefigure Christ: "In that day, saith ZIA-[Zi'-ah.]
the Lord of hosts, will I take thee, 0
Zerubbabel, mBy servant, the son of   One of the Gadlites who dwelt in
Shealtiel, saith the Lord, and will Bashan.  1st Chron. v: 12.
make thee as a signet; for I have
chosen thee, saith the Lord of hosts." ZIBA-]Zi-ba,] armny,fight, strength,
As he had all things necessary for re-     sbtag.
b u i d i n g the temple at Jerusalem,   ZmIz. was a servant of King Saul,
he performed the work and completed whoso treachery to his master, Mephibit amid the rejoicing of the people. osheth, is related  in 2d Sam. xvi.
So Jesus builds the temple of his WIhen the son of Saul desired to cast
schurch amid the shoutings of the hosts in his lot with the distressed David as
of Elcaven, and the redeemed on earth. he fled from  Jerusalem, he bade his
servant Ziba saddle an ass for him to
Z E R U I A H- [Zer-u-i'-ah,] p>ain, ride upon, and lie would follow David
r'ibulation~.                      anld suffer with him.  BeiDg lame, he
ZEunUIrAI was the sister of king was entirely dependent upon his servDavic, hence the daughiter of Jesse. ant.  Ziba, instead of furnishing him
She wo7as probably the eldest sister of the animal to rice upon,  adcle ready
Da v i d and his brothers, as she is and followed after David himi iself with
mentioned first in 1st Chron. ii: 16. a present and strong expressions of
There we also learn she was the mo- sympathy for the king; and he slanther of Joab, the general of David's deredl his master, Saul's son, by saying
army, and of Abishai, who was such a that lhe was at Jernusalem  and had
valiant man and warrior; as also of turned against his benefactor, and anxAsahel, who was a noted runner, and iously looking for the restoration of his
was killed by Abner, the son of Ner, father's kingdom to him —a thing that
while pursuing him  with murderous MIeplhibosheth bad not thought about.
intent.                                David hastily granted Ziba his nmasThis woman is referred to in the tel's property; but -when afterwards
same way that men are frequently re- he learned the facts in the case, he an-erred to who are fathers of noted or nulled the gift lie had made to Ziba,
illustrious persons. Almnost as often placing him  back again where le was
as the name.of the sons of this woman before, viz.:  lIe was to cultivate the
are given, she is referred to as their land and give Meephibosheth one-half
ancestress.                            of the produce.  Had he not been one
it lmay be that she was a woman of of the servants of Saul in his life-time,
considerable note, more noted than David would probably have rewarded
her husband and the father of these his treachery to his mastoer with death.
sons, which was the reason why, espe- 2d Sam. xix: 24-30.
cially Joab and Abishai, are so often
called the sons of Zeruiah.  ]David ZIBEON- [Zib-e-on,] iniqzity that
often complainecl of Joab, especially       dwells, the seventh.
for his cruel and revengeful course.
When Joab killed Abner, David said:   Was the son of Seir, the IHorite,
"These sons of Zeruiah are too hard whose posterity is referred to in Gen.
for me."  2dcl Sam. iii: 39.           xxxvi: 20.
ZET-IAII-llfZe'-tham.]                 ZIBIA.
Was the son of Laadan, a Gershonite Levite. 1st Chron. xxiii: 8.         A Benjaminite, probably one of the
sons of Shaharaim, by his wife Hodesh.
ZETHAN-[Ze'-than,] their olive.   Ist Chron. viii: 9..Was a Benjaminite of the sons of
Bilhan.  1st Chron. vii: 10.           Z  B I A I —[Zib/-i-ah,] deer, goat',
honorable and fine.
7ZT-IAR-[Ze'-thar,] lie that examines or beholds.                    She was a native of Beer-sheba, anl
One of the eunuchs or chamber- the mother of King Joash.  2d Kings,
lains of Ahasuerus.  Est. i: 10.       xii: 1, 2; 2d Chron. xxiv: 1.




zIC               [472]               ZIM
ZICHRI, 1-[Zik'-ri,] that remem- nection with Adah the other, as bebers, a ncale.                  ing alarmed on account of the danger
Was the son of Izhar the son of of the husband, who had slain a man
Kohath. Ex. vi: 21.                 in self-defense. Genesis, iv: 23. She
was the mother of Tubal-Cain, the
ZICHRI, 2, 3-That remembers, a first artist, or worker in brass and
nale.                           iron. Gen. iv: 22. [See Adah.]
Were both Benjamites, the former
of the sons of Shimhi, and the latter Z IL P A El-[Zil'-pah,   distillation
of the sons of Shashak.  1st Chron.     contempt of the mouth.
viii: 19, 23.                         ZILPAII was the handmaid of Leah,
the wife of Jacob, given to her by
ZIC-IRI, 4 —That r e n e m, b e r s, a Laban when she was married. Gen.
mzale.                          xxix: 24. After Leah had bor ne
Was of the sons of Jeroham, also Jacob four sons, and Rachel had set
a Benjaminite.  1st Chron. viii: 27. the example of giving her maid to her
husband as a secondary wife, Leah
ZICHRI, 5- -lhat r e m e  bers, ca gave Jacob Zilpah, her maid. Gen.
snale.                          xxx: 9. And Zilpah b e c a  e the
Was a son of Eliezer, the son of mother of two sons, Gad and Asher,
Moses. 1st Chron. xxvi: 25.         who each became the head of powerful tribes. Gen. xxxv: 26.
ZICHRi[, 6 —hat r emn-enmbers, a
matle.                          ZIRi AN-[Zim/'-ran,] song, singer,
Was the father of Eliezer, a chief    vine.
of the Retubenites in the time of Da-  lHe was the oldest of Abraham's six
vid. 1st Chron. xxvii: 16.          sons by Keturah, and is referred to
in Gen. xxv: 2. He is supposed to be
ZICH-lPI, 7 —Tha  r e meb e r s, a the father of a numerous posterity.
mnale.
Was of the tribe of Judah, and the ZiRI, 1 —[Ziln'-ri,] my field, zmy
father of Amlasiah.  2d Chronicles,     vine, my branch.
xvii: 16.                             ZImrr  was the son of Salu, a prince
of the tribe of Simeon. He commitZICHRI, 8 —T at rem em bers, a ted great wickedness in Israel, for
nzale.                          which lie was thrust through with an
Was the father of Elishaphat, instrument of death by the zealous
one of the conspirators with Jeho- priest Phineas.  His sin is recorded
iada. 2d Chron. xxiii: i.           in Num. xxv: 6-14. It was that of
going into the  clidianitish camp aind
ZICHRI, 9 —That remembers, a male. procuring a Mtidianitish princess for
Was an Ephrailmite hero in the in- a wife and bringing her into the camp
vading army of Pekah, the son of of Israel. This was contrary to the
Remaliah. 2d Chron. xxviii: 7.      law governing the tribes of Israel
as to marriage, and all the people.ZICHRI, 10 —That r e   e ez  b eer s, a were astonished at the act, and they
male.                           wept at the door of the tabernacle of
Was a priest of the faimily of Abi- the congregation. But Phineas slew
jah, in the days of Jehoiakim, and is them both together.
referred to in Neh. xii: 17.
ZIM3R, 2 -liy field, my vine, smy
ZIDKIJA H —[Zid-ki/-jah.1]              branch.
Was a priest or family of priests  ZI3MRI was a general in the armly of
who signed the covenant with Nehe- Elah, the king of Israel. I-Ie slew
miah. Neh. x: 1.                    the king and placed himself upon the
throne. H3e had charge, it seems, of
ZILLAh —[Zil/-lah,] shadow, which, one-half of t he king's chariots, or
is roasted, the tingli2lg of the ear. commanded one-half of the cavalry
ZILLAI   was one of the wives of of Elah's army. 1st Kings, xvi: 9,
Lameeh. She is referred to in con- &c.




ZIM                [473]                ZIP
The king of Israel was indulging father of Balak, as in Num. xxii: 2;
in drunkenness in the city of Tirzah, iv: 10; Judges,xi: 25..
in the house of Arza, his steward.
Zimri conspired ag ain s t him, and ZIPPOIAF  -- [Zip-po'rah,] bealuty,
came upon hinm  while drunk, a n cl    trumpet.
smote him. I-lee then killed all the   ZIPPORATI was the daughter of Jefamily of Elah, that there night be thro, the priest of Midian, and she was
none to clain the throne.' He left the wvife of the celebrated Moses, the
not one of his relatives, and in this emancipator of Israel.
the prophecy, concerning the house   Moses probably saw Zipporah for the
of Baasha being destroyed, was ful- first time whe3n he sat down by a well
filled to the letter, as imade by the in Midian, after the fatigues of his
prophet Jehu.                       flight from Egypt. The daughters of
Zimri reigned seven days, when the Jethro, seven in number, came to the
army made Omri kingn, who at once well to draw  wat c r for their fabesieged the city of Tirzah, where he tler's flocks. IHe assisted them, ana
dwelt in the palace of the king whom  the consequence was it did not take
he had iurdered.  It was not long theim as long as usual, which led their
until Omri took the city; and when flther to ask them  on their return,
inmri saw trhat it was taken, or was why they " had come so soon to-day. "
on the point of being taken, he set They infbrmed their father cf the help
fire to the palace and burnt it down that had been rendered them.  Jethro
over his head, and so perished in the asked them where the stranger was, fbr
flames.  Seeing he could not enjoy he should be entertained and fed for
that palace with it:) riches and adorn- his kindness.  Moses was called and
ments, he determined that no o n e gave Jethro an account of his eventful
else should.                         liB, when a proposition was probably
Zimri was a wicked man, and, com- madce to him to tarry with them.  Moing to the throne as he did, he hardly ses agreed to it, and so became a shepdeserves the name of king. In his herd.
short and wicked reign he walked in   Jethro gave him his daughter Zipthe way of Jeroboam and his sin.     porah to wife.  This event fastened
Moses to his family and interests, and
ZINA OR ZIZA-i-[Zi'-nah,1            he remained in Midian enjoying the
Was one of the sons of Shimei society of this excellent family, and the
who was the son of Gershonl, of the affections of Zipporab, his wife, forty
tribe of Levi.  1st Chron. xxiii: 10. years. This woman became the mlother
He is the same as Zizah, nmentioned of a son, and Moses called him  Gerin the next verse, who was next to shorn, and immediately added, "I have
the chief of Shimei's sons.          been a stranger in a strange land."
She also bore another son, Eliezer;
ZIPHION  o-R ZEP_-ION   [Zif'- and when Moses was commissioned to
i-on.]                           go to Egypt, he took his wife and sons
Was one of the sons of Gad and is and started with the wonderful rod of
numbered with his brothers among God in his hand. He had not, howthe grand children of  Jacob  who ever, proceeded far, until his way was
went down into Egypt to sojourn. obstructedl-  "t the Lord met him  and
The names of the others as given in sought to kill him."  It seems that
Gen. xlvi: 14, are Haggi, Shuni, Ez- one of the sons of Zipporah had not
bon, Eri, Arodi andl Areli.          been circumcised. Moses was probably
reproved for neglecting this; and ZipZIPPOR —[Zip -por,] bi:cd, crown; porah, unlerstanding the cause of the
accordcing to the Syriac, early in divine anger, and seeing that her child
the mrorning.                    was in danger, hurriedly performed the
ZIPPon  was the father of Balak, rite and presented the proof of it to
who was the king of 3Moab at the Mioses.
time the Israelites pitched in the   It is thought, though the wife of
plains of M3oab; and  Balak hired Moses recognized the rite and perBalaam. to  come and curse them. formed the act she did, and so apZippor is not me  ioned save as the peased the divine wrath, yet she was




ZIP                 [474]                ZUR
alarmecl and returned to her father's and the second is chapter xx, &c.
house with her two sons, where she re- He, with the other two, were charged
mained until she made the visit with with having s po k en wrong words
her father and sons to Moses in the against Job and against God, and the
wilderness.  When they went to see divine wrath was kindled against
the husband and father, all Israel was him; but he wit h his companions
encampecl at the mount of God.  Ex. were pardoned in  answer to Job's
xviii: 5: "And Jethro, Moses' father- prayers.  Job, xlii.
in-law, came with his wife and his sons
unto Moses into the wilderness, where ZUAR-[Zu-ar,] small.
they encamlped at the mount of God."    Was of' tle tribe of Issachar, and
After tarrying awhile he returned home the father of Nathaniel, the prince,
and left Zipporah and her sons with who assisted MIoses in numbering the
Moses; and yet we hear nothing mo1re tribes of Israel.  Nunm. i: 8.
of her, and but little of her sons, Gershom  and Eliezer.  They and  their ZUPIT —That observes, 9roof
families were incorporated with  the
Levites, and seemed to have the em-   ZuPr-I was a Levite, and is referred
ployment of taking care of the taberna- to in [st Chron. vi: 35, as one of the
cle and tent, performing some of the ancestors of the prophet Samuel.  1:H,
hardest service there. Num. iv: 24-28. is also referred to in Ist Sam. i: 1, in
What became of Zipporah we do not the account given of Elkanab, Sah       -
know.  She may have continued with uel's father; and in 1st Sam. is: 5,
Israel, or, when she saw her children we have the country or city of Zuph
settled, she may have returned to her referred to.  it is likely that it was-  a
father in the la-nd of IMidian.        country or city settled, or possesscd
by cdescendants of Zuph, and nalmed
ZIZA-]Zi'za,-] belonging to all; inZ, in honor of him.  HIere the prophet
Syriac, goingy back.              Samuel lived, and was consulted by
Was one of the sons of Rehoboam, the son of Kish regarding the asses
born of Maachah, the daughter of of his father, that he and his servant
Absalom. 2d Chron. xi: 20.             were hunting.
ZOHAR-[Zo'har,]  white, shining, ZUR, 1-W[Zr',] stone, 1plan, foarm.
drynzess.                            Zun  was the father of Cozbi, and
Was one of the sons of Simeon, one of the five princes of Midian, who
and is numbered with the family of were slain by the Israelites, when BaanJacob, who went with him down into  lain fell. Num. xxv: 15; xxxi: 8.
Egypt.  Gen. xlvi: 10.
ZUR, 2. —Stone, pjlan, form.
ZOPHAI —[Zo'-fa.]                        ZJra was the s on of Jehiel, the
Was of the tribe oi Levi, and in the founder of G i b e o n.  1st Chronicles,
line of priests from Aaron to the cap- viii: 30^)  ix: 36.
tivity. 1st Chron. vi: 26.
Z U R I E L —[Zu'-ri-e1,] the rock, or
ZOPAR- [Zo'-far,] rising early,            strength of God.
crown; in syriac, sparrow, goat.   ZURIEL was the son of Abihail and a
chief of the MIerarite Levites, at the;c
ZoPsaHA   was one of Job's three time of the exodus frosl Egypt. lNumfiends. HI-e is called the Naamathite. bers, iii: 35.
This may be because he came from
the town of Naama in the vicinity of ZURJISHADDAI-[Zu-ri-shad/-dac-i,]
I[dumea. The'first notice of him  is       the Almighty is mqy rock, spleznin Job ii: 11. In company with             dor, beauty.
Eliphaz and Bildad, he comes to Job    ZURISA-IDDAI is referred to in NUalm.
to sympathize with him1 in his sorrows, i: 6, as the father of Shelumiel, of the
t' to miourn with and. to comfort him." tribe of Simeon.  As Shelumiel was a:Ie formed an unfavorable opinion -of prince  of the tribe, it is likely that his
Job, and twice spake against him. fauther had occupied a prominent place
His first address to Job is chapter xi, in it.




IEMBPRAING THE BIOGRAPHY OF UNNA    PERTSONS,
Abel-the WiTise Woman of:            sons of his body begotten, for he had
Sheba raised an insurrection in the many wives."
kingdom of Tsrael, and gained a party   This womlan being a secendary wife,
against David their king.  Abishai her son Abimelech could not inherit
and Joab follow him, and learning with the sons of Gideon's other wives.
that lie is in the city of Abel, they It is sueposed this womnan Lnew of the
besiege it with a view of destroymng laws of inhlleitnrce, and yet s1he desired
it. About the tihme they bhac raised that it sihould be different in the case
their e-ubankment,  and  lacd their of her son, and hence desipnedlynllamed
mlunitions of war ready for the attack, him Al. iilech, which siynafies,  " 5J-y
this wise woman cr- Abel, who waS fadter is king.c  She desired that her
probably a governess  in the city- ce- son should be rai.ed to the governllent;
manded   a conversation with Joab. t.nd it is quite likely that she acted a
She said, " ay, I pray you, unto Joab, pr1ominent pair t in the revrolution that
come near lhithe, that I  may speak was go-teon up and proseeuted amongst
with thee."  2d'Sam. xx: 16. Joab  the Inen of Shechem, hllich lresulted in
canie near and she plead with him to the death of all the sons o-f Gideon exspare the city —urgig that they were cept Jothaim,  the youngest, who hi.d
not enemies to David, neither  did himself anad so escaped the lmassacre.
they sanerction the ilSurrection of
Sheba.  Joab asked for a proof of Abipmf,eleci's Xfurderer.
the fact, that they had no sympathy   The murderer of Abimelech wits a
with the insmurrectionists-by putting woman. i-He had been a very wicked,
Sheba to death and giving him evi- aspiring, and bloody wretch.  In ordence that lie was executed, or else der to assumne the authority, he had
deliyer his person to him. She told slain, in one place. seventy halfJoab that she would see to it, that brothers, and would have killed JoSheba was executed and his head thaam if he lad not hid himiself.  He
should be thrown  to him over the had not reigned three years until
wall. She then went unto the people tlhose who had selected him  turned
and in her wisdom  spake to them. against him.   HE-e fought with the
She showed them  the propriety of Shechemites and murLldered them  in
their fulfilling this promise at once, large numbers; and hearing that a
that their city ulight be delivered. thousand of them had fled to the tenmThey accordingly executed Sheba and ple of Baal-Berithi, he followed theim
threw  his head  over the wall to there. HI-e burned the temple and-so
Joab.                                destroyed them.  He then went to
Thebez, and attacked the tower in the
Abimzelech's ffotheCr.               midst of the city to which many had
TIfis woman was a secondary wife of fled for safety. He gathered fuel and
the famous Gideon, who delivered Is- was about to set fire to it, so as to sufrael fronm the Midianites and the chil- focate. and destroy those who had fled
dren of the East.  Gideon had many to it, "when a certain woman cast a
wives and many sons. Judg. viii: 30: piece of millstone upon Abimelech's
" And Gideon had three-score-and ten head, and all to brake his skull." She




476                          APPENDIX.
saw the oppressor and murderer from  and he brought the crown which he
the top of the tower where she was, had taken from the head of the fallen
and hurling the piece of millstone king, and the bracelet from his arm,
down it struck him and fractured his and laid them before David as evidence
skull.  Whether she was recognized that his report was true.
by Abimelech,     and her intention un-   The report given of Saul's death in
derstood before she threw it, we can- 1st Sam. xxxi: 3-5, says that he asked
not tell; but he seems, after having his armor-bearer to thrust him through
received the fracture, to know who with the sword, that he might not be
had done it, for he ordered the abused and killed by the Philistines
young man, his armor-bearer, " draw  who would shortly pass over the field;
thy sword and slay me, that men say but his armor-bearer would not, therenot of me a wom-an slew himl."  He fore Saul took his sword and fell upon
-felt that it would be a disgrace to be it, and so killed himself. As evidence
killed by a woman —and he feared that he did kill himself, it is said,
that if he fell into the hands of his " when his armor-bearer saw that Saul
eneimy thus wounded, they would put was dead, he fell likewise upon his
hinm to cruel torture. In compliance sword and died with him."  And yet
with his request his armor-hbearer thl;s young Amalekite says he-slew hm.
thrust him  through, and he died.   The st.rong probability is that this
Thus we behold the judgment of God report of his to David was a base fabvisited upon this wicked man and the rication, gotten up under the imprescruel Shechemites.  He fell by the sion that David would honor him; but
hand of a woman, for if his armor- in this he was mistaken. The ftuture
bearer had not thrust him through, king of Israel charged the young Amalhe would have died from the fracture ekite with killing the Lord's anointed,
experienced by the stone hurled on and took his own testimony as evidence
him. Judges, ix: 53.                of his guilt —or rather, executed hima
on his own confession. David called
Abrahamr's Trained Servants.       one of his young men and said, " Go
There were t i r e e hundred and near and fall upon him."  The young
eighteen of them armed by Abrlahan  mani did so, and the Amalekite died.
to pursue after the confederate kings 2d Sam. i: 2-15.
who had conquered the cities of the
plain and taken Lot and his f-amily Angel wk/7  arrested  Abrahlam, on
prisoners. These trained servants of    Mount Moriak.
Abraham  were j o i n e d with Aner,   Abraham, in obedience to the divine
Eshcol and  Mainre, with all the cormmand, hald gone to Mount Moriah,
forces that they coulc Id nmuster, for in company with Isaac. The preparathey were confederate with Abraham. tions for the sacrifice had been made,
This company overtook the conquer- the altar was erected, the fire and wood
ing kings and smote them, and recap- prepared. Anl Isaac spoke unto Abratured the prisoners and spoils, and ham, his fuather, anclsaid, "lMyfather;"
brought themz back again.           and he said,'here am I, my son.  And
His trained servants were all born he said, " behllold the fire and the wood;
in his own house.  They were his but where is the Lamb for a burnt
family, and all of them  had been offering?"  And Abraham said, "my
under the salutary restraints of the son, Golowill provide himselfa Lamnb for
pious patriarch, of whom  God had aburntoffering." Abraham thenbound
said: "I know Abraham  that he Isaac and laid him upon the altar, then
will command his household after Istretched forth his hand, with the knife
him."  G-en. xiv.                   in it, to slay him.
The angel of the Lord called to him
Amalekite —he who Reported him- out of heaven, and bade him spare his
self as Sald's Murderer.        son, approved him for his obedience,
This Amalekite was a young man provided a ram in the stead of Isaac,
who, in his report to King David of and looked o n while the good man
the Gilboa battle, professed to have offered it to God, in the stead of his
ended the sufferings of Saul while dy- son. The angel then called to him a
ing from his wounds on the battle-field; second time, a n d confirmed, in the




APPER   DIX.                            477'
most solemn manner, the promise of ash, with a commission. This angel
blessings to himself and his family and accosted Gideon with, " The Lord is
to the nations of earth, in a Savior that with thee, thou mighty man of valor."
should come of his family.           He expressed fears as to his being able
The angel t h a t appeared here to to deliver his people nwith so great an
Abraham, was the same person who army against them; but his fears were
was represented by the offering-the allayed' and all his objections removed
Lord Jehovah, the Jesus Christ of by the miracles that were wrought bethe New Testament. Genesis, xxii.   fore his eyes, and by the counsel given
him by the angel. Gideon, desiring to
Angel whvo appeared, to fIagar.     express his regards for the angel, earnWhen IHagar fled from the face of estly entreated him  to tarry awhile
her mistress into the wilderness, and until he made ready a present.  Ee
sat by a fountrain of water, the angel made ready a repast consisting 9f a kid
of the Lord found her, andl bade her unleavened cakes, and broth, and
return and submit herself unto Sarai, brought it out to the angel.  When he
giving her the promise of a son, and brought them  he presented then'i to
assured her that his posterity should the angel, who ba-de him offer themc
be a mighty multitude. The angel as a sacrifice, and he took part in the
gave her the name Ishmael, for her offering. As Gideon took the flesh and
coming son, and gave as the reason, the unleavened cakes and laid them on
"'Because the LordC has heard thy af- the rock, and poured out the broth,
ficetion."  She looked upon the angel the angel put forth the end of his staff
as the Lord Jehovah, f'or she called ancd touched the flesh and the unleavhis name, "Thou God seest me." cned cakes, and immediately there rose
And she called the well, where he ap- up fire out of the rock and consumed
peared unto her, "Beer-lahai-roi," the the sacrifice, when the angel departed
well of him  wllich liveth and seeth firom him.
me. Genesis, xvi: 1-14.                Gideon seems to have been satisfied
F our t ee n years after this, ITagar that he who appeared thus to him and
was wandering about in search of wa- did so wondrously, was a divine person.
ter to save her life, and dying son If it was not Jehovah himself it was
I s h m a e 1. In her extremity, the his representative angel.  He saidc
angel of the Lord, the same angel "Alas! 0, Lord God! for because I
that talked with her and told her of have seen an angel of the Lord face to
Ishmael, called to her out of Heaven, face."  I-Ie feared that he would die,
and conlirmed the covenant that had but his fears were allayed by a declarabeen made years before. Hle bade tion fr'om the Lord that he should not
her lift up the dying boy, and assured die.
her that he should be the head of a   Fromn the importance of the work to
great nation.  While she was in the which Gideon was here commissioned,
act of lifting up her son in obedience and from the wonderful acts that were
to the command of the angel, her performled by the angel, we iray supeyes were opened and she saw a foun- pose that this was the covenant angel
tain of water. "She went and filled -the Lord Jehovah of the Old Testathe bottle with water, and gave the ment, who so freqrently manifested
lad drink."  Genesis, xxS.           himself in the office of an angel.Judges, vi.
Angel who appeared to Gidean.
When the  Israelites were greatly Angel whLo al peared  to  fanocah's
alarmed because the Midianites and        W'fe.
the Amalekites, and the children of   Whqlile the wife of Manoah was alone
the East, threatened tlem with destruc- in the field, her attention was arrested
tion, they cried unto the Lord for de- by the appearance unto her of the angel
liverance. And the Lord heard them  of the Lord. Her own representation
and sent a prophet unto them  to re- to her husband of the visitor was, " A
prove them and to instruct them. But man of God came unto me, and his
God determined to deliver them out of countenance was like the countenance
the hands of their enemies, and an an- of an angel of God, very terrible."
gel appeared to Gideon, the son of Jo- She was so awed by the appearance




478                          APPENDIX.
and presence of the angel, that she did came out fru that- consumed his sacrinot ask who he was, or whence he fice. It was the Lord Jehovah of the
caOme.                               Old Testasment; the Jesus Christ of
The wife of Manoah had no children the New Testament.  And it may be
and the object of the angel's mission that the name asked -for by Mianoah
was to infuorm her that she should be a a-nd kept back by the angel, is referred
mother, and that her offspring should to in his wondrous act.  "And his
be a son; that he should be.a prodigy name shall be called wonderful."  Isaof humnmz. strength-, and tile deliverer of iah, ix: 6.
Israel out of the hands of the Philistines. The angelinastructed her as to her Angel of the Lord l[aying One iuzendown habits until the child was born:     red and Eighty -five Thousand'Drink not wine, nor strong drink, and   Assyrians
eat not any unclean thing."  HIe then   lteze ia, the king of Jurdah, was
instructed her as to tlhe character of her greatly troubled and dtressed on acchild: that he should be a Nazarit -unto count of the great army of SennachGod froml his birth, and there should crib, and  the insulting taunts and
come no razor upon his head.  She in- threats that had been levelled at him.
formed her husband of all that the angel At length Isaiah predicts the deshad stid, and he earnestly entreated the truction of Sennacherib's host.  A
Lord that the angel nght return unto very insnlting letter was sent to the
him again, and reupat the instructions  king of Judah to induce him to surthmt had L- na given.                ren er-t-his letter was t'aen to the
Alccordingly the angel appeared to temple and spread before the Lord.
the woman agai, as she sat in the field. It wa s the subject of Hezekiah's
She   nediately ran and told her hue- earnest prayer.   That prayer was
batnd, who went out to see, and con- heard and answered, and the prophet
verse with the heavenly visitor.  He Isaiah was sent to him to assure him
gave to Sitnnoah all the instructions he that it was answered and that Jeruhad p reviously given to his wife, re- salem  shoild be delivered and the
gadcling the child.                  Assyrians destroyed. That very night
The instructions being finished, Ma[- the angel of the Lord went out and
noah proposed to detain the angel while smote, in the camp of the Assyrians,
he prepared a repast. His visitant did one hundred and eighty-five thousand
not object to being detined, but oh- soldiers-quietly and with the swiftjeted to eating with him, and proba- ness of lightning, the angel of death
bly proposed to him to ma re an offer- passed through the camp and touched
ing unto the Lord, and he would take a this mighty lhost, and they died withpart in it. When Manoah asked after out creating enough disturbance to
his name he refased to give it, but as wake the sleepers around them, or
the kid, with the meat offering, was attract the attention of the guard.
provided a n d brought to the altar, " And in the morninigwwhen they arose
which consisted of a stone imbedded in early, behold  they were all d ec a d
the earth in the field,' the angel cf corpses."  One tenrt after another was
the Lord did wondrously, and ia'nmoah reported fronm, where a soldier was
and his wife looked on."  le took an found dead, until when they came to
imnortant part in the solemn sacrifice.  number and lay their dead there were
As the offering was placed there. found to be one hundred and eightythe angel caused fire to come out from  five thousand. 2d IKings, xix: 25.
the rock and consume it, and as the
flamne asen-ded up to Heaven, end the Anqgels- Three Entertaitned  y?/ Abastonished man and wvoman looked on      rahau,.
the angel, he entered it, and amid its   Abraham was dwelling in the plains
curlings ascended up into heaven. Jud. of i[almre, and at mid-day he was sitxiii: 3-10.                          ting in the door of his ten-t and liftThis angel was, in all probability, the ing up hs eyes he saw what seemled
same one that appeared to  osees at the to be three men.  They had the apburning bush; to Joshua, as a man of pearance of wearied travclers an d
war; to Gideon, and touched the rock his sympathies were roused for them.
with the end of his staff, froml wich Rising fromn his seat he ran to them,




APPE N-DIX.                             4-79
and gave an earnest invitation  to then asked if there were but fortythrem  to rest a n d be refreshed in five, then  forty, then  thirty, then
his tent, before they pursued their twenty, and finally ten-this last petijourney farther. It may be, that they tion was amswered as he desired  and
lade as though they would go fur- he left off to  intercede for them,
ther, to test the strength of   isf eel- thiani ng surtely there are ten that fear
ings toward a weeS fied strmiger which  God; but in this he was misnkLen.
leTd hiin to insist that they should not The covemmnt  angel then left Abrago, but colme in and enjoy his hosp;- ham, and deputized his attendants to
tality.  They wer persuaded to tarry go on to Sodom where Lot clwelt Cand
in his tent, and he brought water to hIasten his escape and the escape of
wash their feet, and at once, with the his family before fire from  Hieaven
assistance of his wife., prep1ared a re- consumed the city. They accordingly
past. Abirahial gave directions as to went and arrived at evening.  Lot saw
the qant ity of meal to be used in them  as they entered the gate and
Jafing cakes viz., three  measues —   rose up, for he was sitting in or near
and he himself killed and dressed a the gate, and met them with exprescalf. He then took the newly baked sions of respect, a n d immediately
bread, the dressed calf and butter and urged them  as strangers to tarry at
milk, and, t it before them; and they his hous for the night. In order to
did eat while he stood under the onak test his sincerity they made as though
of l:amre, near the teni, and eagaged they would abide in the street all
in an interesti.g conversation, during night, and not impose rpon a private
which we may suppose the Patliarch family. Lot  pressed them earnestly,
learned that they were angels; for and they went in. He procured water
one of them  declared to him  that and they washed  their feet, after
Sarah, his w}-if, should have a son, which he provided a, repast and they
thou gh he was ninety-nine years of partook of it.
age, and his beloved Sar-ha  was also   These two angels had been obseowed
very aged-yet they should be blessed by some of the imen of Sodo1m as they
with a son.  He who made this pro- entered the city, and in their wickedmise to Abrahm and Sarah, though ness they determiined to do them vioin the form of a milan, was the Lord lence that night; accordingly as night
Jehovah —the angel of the covenant. came on, a mzob was raised that beset
This intelligence filled the soul of the the house of Lot, and they demanded
Patriarch with -oa'dness, and he was of him  the men that were lodeing
loatl to part with the stngers whom  with him.  The good nan trie  to
he had entertained as angels, "un- pacify theL  butfailed.  He even went
awares.    Accor do gly as they rose to out of the house and shut the door
leave his tent, and journey toward after him, and stood there for some
Sodom, he detemlined to accompany time expost-Llating with them.  They
them  a  art, at least, of the way. even threatened him  with violence
They hadnotdproeeeded far before the and ruvffed  t hiss'door to break it
covenant angel determined  to divulge down.  In this they failed1 and the
to him the object of the mission in angels from within rescued Lot fromn
which they were engaged, viz., to des- their hands and power; they opened
troy the cities of Sodom and Gomor- the door and pulled lim in and then
rah.                                 smote the rebel crowd witlh blindness,
As soon as Abraham  learned this partial if not entire, so that they
he beeanme interested for the doomed could not find no e doo r of the house.
cities. Eis kinsman Lot lived there   The angels then entemtd into converand his family, and the cities had cation witlty Lot regarding hi.s family
many inhmbtants. He addressed the and relationship, and learned that his
angel, whose true charxacter lhe now  two daughters were espciOeId to husundersto-ad, on behalf of the people bands; and they dcrected hhIn to gather
devoted to destruction.  He asked them  t.o0.ether and take them out of
him  if there were fifty righteous in the city, Tor the ob jet of their nission
the city, if he would not, for their was to destroy it. Lot accordingly
sakes, spare them all; his petition was sought and obtained an intemwiew with
answvered according to his desire.  He his sons-in-law, and urged them to ac



480                          APPENDIX.
company him  out, but he seemied to Thim  be called and he will show the inthem  as one that mcclked and they terpretation."  She had no doubt but
would not go. As soon as the nrnong the king, by applying to Daniel, would
camue the angels hastened Lot and his get the desired infoimation.  She was
wife and two daughters out.  They not mlistaken, as the sequel proves.
were somewhat slow; it may be the
young women were loth to leave their Bcathsheba —the Child of.
betrothed behind them; but the angels   This child was illegitimate, Bathtook hold of the hand of Lot and his sheba being the wife of Urlial, an
wife and his two daughters and brought officer in David's armry. The king of
them fobrth and set them without the Israel sinned against God in this matcity, and urged them to escape for their ter, for which God was angry witlh
lives. They acconmpanied them to the hi-in, and by the prophet Nat1,han sorely
outskirts of Sodom, then returned to reproved him. It was not long after
destroy thecity. They seemed to mani- Uriah was dead, and Bathsheba befest the most intense anxiety for the came IDavid's wi-e, nntil the child was,
welfare of Lot's family, urging thlem to born; and while it was yet an infont
flee to the mountains, and not look it was strxuck with a disease of whlich
back or tarry in all the plain.      it died in seven days.
When Lot desired to go to Zoar, the   Though David was very penitent
angel permitted him to do so, in the for his sin, and etarnestly implored the
stead of going to the mountain, and Lord for the life of te child, yet tlhe
urged hin to go quickly. When Lot child died, and the king of Israel
and his family were thus saved (except comforted himselI, after its departure,
his wife, who was disobedient and was with the glorious doctrine of inmorpunished), the angels returned from  tality-conscious, happy existence
them  and executed the divine decree after death, and reunion of friends in
by overthrowing the four cities of H-eaven:   I  shall go to him, but he
Sodom and GomorTah, and Admah and shall not retur.n to mle."  2d Saruaie,
Zeboim.  Gen. xviii and xix.         xii: 12-23.
Babylon-the Queen of.               Cin's l9f
When Belshazzar had been engaged   It is unnecessary for us to conjeetu-are
a part of the night in his sacrilegious or smecer'ate, regarding this woman, as
feast, and the hand-writing on the wall to who she was, and what natural realarmed him, he had failed to find any lation she sustained to Cain, before they
among the wise men of Babylon, that vwere usband and wfl e.  She is introcould read the writing.  The queen duced to our view as the mother of
came into the banquet house, Daniel, Enoch.  Gen. iv: 17.  "And  Cain
v: 10, and reminded the king of Dan- knew his wife, and she conceived and
iel, who possessed'wisdom, and had bare Enoch."  She was, in all probabeen promoted to honor by the former bility, associated with Cain in dedicating
king of Babylon.  She entreats the this son to God, that he might minisking not to be discouraged by the fail- ter in the priest's office for their familynre of the wise men of Babylon, for Cain, his father, being excluded from
Daniel had more than once rendered it, for the crimne which he comnitted.,
service to his grandfather, and would in thoe murder of hist brother.
help him. Belshazzar credited what   While we may suppose that Cain
she said, and had Daniel called, who heartily repented of his sin, and gave
read the writing and gave him the in- evidence to some extent of his repentterpretation thereof. The que-n gives ance by dedcicating Enoch to God,
Daniel a very high character, " a man yet we may suppose that very much
in whom is the spiri of the holy gods." of the  religious  instruction  t h a t
She says further of him  "Light and Enoch received in his early childhood
understanding, and wisdom, like the and youth was imparted by his moowisdom of the gods, is found in him." ther.  She instructed  him  in the
She said further, that Nebuchadnezzar, things of God, and impressed his
his father, had made " him master of mind and leart with the importance
the magicians," and then she expresses of the position he was to occupy andc
her confidence in Daniel, bysaying, "let the import-ant part he was to act in




APPENDIX.                                481
the ~m;ily, viz., that of priest. And seemed to be somewmhat inspirited by
she looked with joy upon him as he it, for she approached nearer and wordeveloped his character  and c o m- ship-cd h;mo, and with all the earnestmenced his cdevotion to cod, and the ness of her soul, said, "Lord, helli
interest of the family-as their priest, rme."  She felt that her case was iliwhice  dClevotion continuLed for more portant; and though she heard him
thrn ee hundrecd years.               say, "I am  not sent but to the lost
Knowing, as she did, that her hus- tribes of the house of Israel,"  she
beand was debaorred the privilege of could not give it up. It was not on his
officiating as priest, she rejoiced that part granting the request of his disciher son ]Enoch was accepted of God p!es —he did not openly spurn her, and
ini his stead.                        she would not take what he had said
as a refusal to help.
C1ta',naiftish Wormnan,                 The Savior then noticed her, and adShe is brouight to ourr new in Matt. dressing her for the first time, said,
xv: 22.  St. MIark calls her, in vii: 26, " It is not meet to take the children's
a SSyio-Phenician  wotman. The reason bread and cast it to the dogs."  This
why  ihe is called thus probably was, seemed to be virtually classing her with,
she lived in Phenecia, which at that those of the heathens whom the Jews
time was looked upon as making a part denominated dogs, while they rejoiced
of Syria, and was withirh  the jurisdie- in the appellation of children. This did
tion of the governor of Syria,        not discourage her; she acknowledged
T'his womlan, according to Christ's the justness of the classification, but
own declaration, was one of the most she drew from it a strong argument in.
noted  personages, for faith, that is her own favor.  She made a plea from
brought to our view in the Gospels. it for help.  She said, "Trulth,  ord,
Aceo rding to one of the Evangelists, but the dogs eat of the crumbs that fall
Jesus said to her,'0, woman, great is from their master's table."  She did
thy faith!"                          not ask to be put on a level with thei
T1his Canaanitish woman lad heard Jews; but in the abundance of mniracle
of Christ's healing power —of wonder- he was performing for the Jews, she,
ful cures he had performled-and she begged that he would pity and help.
believed he had power to heal her her, by curing her daughter.
daughter. who was "grievoisly vexed   The disciples had, probably, been:
with a devil."  Her adldress to Christ looking on with  astonishment while
expressed the most intense feeling: their master and this woman were in
" Have mercy on me, 0 Lord, thou son conference. They saw the force of her
of IDavid!" and then she opened the reasoning, and the expressed ea.rnest —
case to hnm.  He whom she addressed ness of her soul. I imagine they recogbleard her, and in his feeling heart nized her faith as she thus developed it.
there was symlpathy for and to her.
But lie seemed not to regard ber-to  Captpain, of a Co2npany2 of Syrians.
appearance paid no attention to her.   The faithful prophet of God hadc
His disciples were annoved, and asked reproved King Ahaziah for inquiring''him to "send her awayv "  I-Te did not of Baalzebub, the God of Ekron,
comply with their request, for he de- whether he should recover of his dissired to let them see, what he was al- ease, as though there was no God in
ready acquainted with, viz.: tGhat this Israel to inquire of. And in additionr
woman had strong faith in him. It to the reproof, Ahlaziah was informed i
may be they were willing for the mas- through his messengers that this man;
ter to dismiss her after granting her had said he should not come down
request, as was his custom; and possi- from that bed on which he was gone:
bly they thought she had no claims up, but should surely die. The king
upon him  as she was a Canaanitish  of Israel became enraged at this and
woman, and hence they desired him to sent a captain with a company of fifty
send her away. Though he did not soldiers to take Elijah.  The prophet
answer her, yet he did answer his dis- sat upon the top of a hill and awaited
ciples.  His answer may have Lbeen in- the coming of the soldieis.  The
tended as a partial rebuke to them; calin acco ed him  with, "Thou
but as it was given in her hearing she man of God, the king hath said come,
31




482                          APPENDIX,
down." Elijah did not come but called derness state ceased to fall, and they
fire down firom heaven to consume the began to cat of the produce of the
captain and his fifty soldiers. Ahaz- land. Joshua, feeling that all things
iah, undaunted by this circumstanee, were in readiness for the work before
and determined to take him, sent him having his army in readiness for
another captain with a company of battle-seemls to have started out on
fifty-they also were consumed by fire a reconnoitering expedition toward
fiom heaven. He then sent the thlird Jericho, which was to be his first
captain with his comnpany. This offi- battle ground and conquest. -lIe was
cer, we may suppose, feared God and probably alone as he neared the city,
fully believed that the prophet was and may have been indulging fears
under the protection of the God of that he could not take the strong city,
Israel.  One hundred men and two or if he succeeded at all it woLcld be
conmmndcling officers had  been de- with extreme difficulty. All at once
stroyed, and he feared lest le and his a man stood over against him with a
company should meet with a si'milar sword drawn in his hand.  He looked
fate, and yet as an army officer he at the warrior a moment, and then as
dare not fail to follow instructions. a bold courageous general, drew near
HIe aecordingly approached the hill him and asked the significant queswhere Elijah was and plead with him  tion, " Art thou for nus or for our adfor his life and the life of his men. versaries."  The answer came to him
HEe fell on his knees before the from the warrior, "Nay, but as capprophet-nnd besought him, saying, "0, tain of the Lord's host, am I now
man of God, I pray thee let nmy life come."   The leader of Israel was
and the life of these fifty, thy servants, satisfied at once that he who stood
be precious in thy sight." As though before him was a divine personage
he bad said, I fear thy GCod who has and. at once' fell on his face to the
manifested his power in thy protec- earth  and did worship,"  I-Ie then
tion, and in the destruction of more asked for instructions from hin who
than a hundred men —now give up thus addressed himl. "And the capto me for the Goad who has thius pro- tain of the Lorcl's host said unto
tected thee will save thee from the Joshua, Loose tlny  s o e from  off
wrath of the ki, even in his veiy thy foot; for the place whereon thou
presence. Elijah then received direc- standest is holy, and Joshua did so."
tion from an angel of the Lord to go   It can hadclly be supposed that this
and appear before Alhaziah. He did man of war was a created angel-else
so, and in the presence and hearing Joshua would not have worshiped:
of the king repeated what he had de- him. Who, then, was it?  It was the
elared to his messengers.  The cap- same person who, appeared to M[oses
tainm by addclressing Elijah as he did at the base of Horeb more than forty
saved his own life, and the life of the years before, and commissioned him.
company he comluanded. 2d Kings, to emancipate his down-trodden couni: 9. 15.                           tirymen.  Almost the same language
is usecd to Joshua that had been used
captain of the Lord's Host.         to Moses by the I am, who spake to;
Joshua hald led the children of Is- 1im from out the burning bush. It
Tael across the Jordan, and was about was the Jehovah of the Old Testato enter upon the conquest of the ment who appeared thus to Joshua
land of Canaan. Under the Divine as a man of war. Joshua, v: 13, 15.
direction, he circumcised the males
of the children of Israel, for all their Children.-Forty-two Killed by two
men of war who had been circumcised     Bears.
in Egypt had died in the wilderness,   Elisha was on his way to Bethel,.
and none of those who were born and was recogrzed as the successor'
after they left Egypt were circum- of the noted prophet Elijah, by those
cised.                              who committed offences here, and
After this Joshua had the Feast of were punished with death. They-who
the Passover observed and kept with are called children here are supposetl
solemn ceremony. The manna with to have been young men.  They had
which they had Leen fed in their wil- at least attained an aage which marked




APPERNDIX.                              483
them as aeeountable for- ther conduct. the damnsel.  The spirit obeyed, and
Some have supposed- that they were came out of her. By her soothsaying
studclents in a select sch ool established she had brought her masters nmuch
on that road, and that the prophet  gain. When theysaw that she would
was passing t'heir school house, and no longer be of advantlage to them  in
being observed by them they called to lmkhing money-that the hope of theimi-nd the r cent circumstcance  of gains was gone- they caught lPaul
Elijah's translationn, iand the mocking,nd Silas, and in their rage, drew
langu'age  which they used had refer- them  into the marketp-p lae, with a
ence to the upward flight of that holy view of accusing them.  The multiman to heaven.'Go up, thou bald tude wmas excited agalinst them, and
head; go up, thou bald head."  If they were beaten and imprisoned; but
so, their sin was blasphomy, and their t h e i r imprisonment resulted in the
ilunishment, severe as it was, was not conversion of the jailor.
more than the crime deserved.  The   As this damsel was delivered out
prophet reeognized their great crime, of the hands of Satan by the power
and turning to them " cursed them in of Christ, it is quite likely she became
the name of the Lord.."  The voice a lover of Christ's cause, and lived
of Elisha had but just fallen upon and died a votary of it.
their ear in this fearful language when
two she hears came out of the wood Dead Man raised to.Lfe J/ toouching
*and attacked and destroyed forty-two     El7isha's Bones.
of them.                               The inhabitants of the land where
It has been thought by some that Elisha's tomlb was, were being invaded
instead of these young iuen being in by bands of Moabites.  One day, while
attendance on a school, they had been they were engaged in burting a man,
engaged in the woods, out of which an alarm was given to the funeral train
tho bears came, in hunting, and these by the appearance of one of these matwo she bears had been robbed of rauding parties. They were just passtheir whelps by them, and with the ing the sepulcher of Elisha, which was
ferocity that belongs to a bear thus open, and through fear that they would
robbed they rushed upon and  de- be overtaken. by the band., they threw
stroyed them. 2(1 Kings, ii: 23, 25.  the body into Elisha's grave, intending,
it imay be, afcer the danger was passed,
cDamsel Possessed of DivinGation.    to take it out and bury it where they
We read of this damsel in the six- had contemplated burying it. As soon
teenth chapter of the aActs of the    the form o the dead  a, prepared
Apostles.  It seems after Lydia was for burial, touched the bones of the
converted, and invited the apostle to prophet, it was restored to life. This
abide at her house, he left his iobrler is the first and only miracle perfornmed
lodging, and went to her residence to where the bones of a dead man were
tarry awlile; and while he was going, the instrumrent. 2d Kings, xiii: 20, 21.
this imaid, possessed of a splrit of divination, met him, and began to follow  Elect Lady.
him with his companions, Luke, Silas   She was a Christian woman-a holy
and Timuothy, and she cried as she nmatron who, with becoming diligence
followed them-" These nena are the had served the church.  She was genservants of the most high God, which erally known, and as generally loved in
show unto us the way of salvation." the Ichlurch. The apostle John, when
She did not thus follow them, and cry very aged, wrote his epistles, the first
for'an hour, or a day only; but she to the Jewish Christians in general, and
did this "for many days."  Paul be- the second to the Elect Lady, while the
came wearied with the circumstance third was written to Gaius.
of her fo  1 o'Iowi ng aud crying after   From  the epistle to this lady, we
them, and grieved lest Satan should learn that John loved her, as the
use this to their'hurt, by causing the Christian religion requires love to one
people to imagine that they were in another, and that she was of good releague with evil spirits; therefore, in port amlong all the Christians. hIer
the name of Jesus Christ, he coin- devotion to'God and the interests of
nmanded the evil spiri to come out of the iniant cltrch was known -and ad



484                            A PPE N DX.
mired.  It would seem from the fourth  H-le informed her as -soon as he arverse of the epistle that she -was the rived. for what intent he had come,
mother of a famnily and that her child- and demanded of her, or through herr
ren were some of them  "walking in the communication with a departed spirit.
truth."  if the apostle refers to her The Woman mnade objection, and exattural children, then we would judge pressed her suspicions that they were
some of them were converted, and were laying a snare for her life.  Saul as —
honoring God by living holy. If he is sured her that was not the case, and
referring to her spiritual children, as a pledged himself in the most solemn
deaconess in the church, then we gather manner, to stand between her and all,
that s o m e of them  were adorning danger of that kind.
their profession.  JIe exhorts them    She then asked him what spirit she
earnestly to love one another; gives shlould brhng gup, a nd he saic, "Bring
various instructions for their spiritual ime up Samuel."  Soon Samuel ipbenefit, and closes: the epistle by ex- peared, but he -was not broulght lup by
pressing a purpose to pay her and her the woman,   but by the power of God..
family a visit shortly.  The Elect Lady The Almighty, against whom  Saulwas then an eminent, honorable Chris- had sinned, saw fit to send the spirit
tian woman.,                          of the prophet to the king, and Samuel once nmo-,  comlunnicated with
Ezdor-'; Witch7 of.                   him. When sthe real form of Samuel
This was a woman that had escaped appeared to the eye of the woman,
the slaughter that Saul had visited she was frightened,'and cried with a
those with who )rofesedl to be in loud voice.' The feac  just then was
p o s s e s s i o n of familiar spirits, by communnieated, in selnse way, to her
whilch  they could tell future cventts, that the person who Ixac.d applied to"
and  have communication with spirlts. her, was the kinug himsnei, andt sh1e:
In 1 st Sanm  xxviii: 3, it is said, "And asked, "' Why- l'st thoa- deceivedc me,
Saul had put away those that had fa- for thou art Saul."  As yet the king
milliar spirits, and the wizard, out of saw nothing, and asked the frightenedc
th  land.                            woman to describe to him the appear —
lShe lived at Endor, a city in the ance, and she did. Saul was satisfied
valley of Jezreel, not very iar from  that it was Samuel.  Thoe comnixu —
where Saul and his army were en — cation that Samulel made to him was
camped the night before the battle. of solemn and affe c tin g.    oreovcer
Gilbo, was fought. Saul saw the host the Lord vwill also:deliver Israel with
of the Philistines, and was a fr a i d. thee into the hand of tlhe Philistines;'
Their army was probably larger than and to-mnorrow shalt thou and  thy
his, and their preparations for war sons be with me; tlhe Lord also shall'
were superior, and their position in deliver the hosts of Israel into the.
the contemplated battle had advan- hand of the Philistines."  What a
tages whici led lAim to fear. B]}ut the solemn revelation to be made to a
strongest grounds for his fears was so troubled king; by the spirit of him
expressed in the sixth verse, when he who had anointed him to be king, andc
enquired of the Lord.  "'The Lord been the prophet of Israel almost
answerqed him not neither bs dreams, through his entire reign.
nor by Urim,-. nor by prophets."  The   Saul was very deeply affected and
Lord had departed from him, and was fell with  his whole length upon the
about to visit him: with judgmrents.. ground in a swoon, where lhe remained
With his dreadful  forebodings of fbr soime time.. As soon as he was recominng ill, and no comixunications covered, she offered himn such, succour
with God, he bade his servants seek as his cexhausted nature needed, and:
hinm  out "a woman that hath a fa- such as humanity would dictate to promiliar spirit, that I may go to her and vide, and offer to one in the conditionenquire of her."  His servants told of Saul.  But he refused to eat.  His
him  of the one who had lived at En- two seivants that were with him joined
dor. He dicguised himuself, and with in with the woman to persuade him to
two of his aids, who probably were eat.  And though  his appetite and.
also disguised, lie went that night to strength was gone, lihe yielded to theim
see the woman, and inquire of her. persuasions.




APPENDIX.                                  485
The womuan had a fat calf, and she unto the people in the morning, and!hastened to kill and dress it, and she had decla'red that -od was about to debaked unleavened bread, for there was stroy their city'oy the Chaldeans,-not time to prepare leavened brecad, and making his wi-e's death, which would
she brought it before Saul and his ser- be a sore trial to him, represent this.vants, and they did eat, after which sore calamity to them.  As his wife,
they  arose  and  went away  to  the  "the desire of his eyes," should be,camp.                                   taken away with a stroke, so their city
It is thought by some, that this wo- and sanctumary, which was the desire of
muan had power or control of spirits, their eyes, should be suddenly taken
alnd that she bLrought Samuel from  the fiom them anid destroyed.
spirit worldl to the conversation with the   There is somet lng very peculiar in
King of Israel, if, indeed, Samuel ap- this account-of the death of the prop-hpeared.  Thle hlistoy undoubtedly war- et's wife. It is not to be supposed that
rants thie concusion, that Saimuel clid sthe had co0imitted sin for which she
actually appear. But he was sent mir- must die, or that -the prophet had colmaculonsly lby the miercy of God, -for,the ritted s'in which must be punished by
-rpomse of once m!ore bringing the sins this terrible trial; but God, in his il"iof Saul to rcmemembrance; and warning  nite wisdcom, saw fit thus to aflict Eze}him  of hlis approaching death,  "to- kiel, in the,sudden death of his cornmorrow thou nled thy sons -sfhall be withl panion, and then gave hli  directions
Tme.     How solemn the revelation. The as to how he   as to be exercised under
king was so filly advised cl  u  of lis the alicon, in order to teach lessons
approaclhin, dea1h, that he bhad an op- to the people for practice.
potunity isrr nakinig pre.;aration, that    God  said,  " e ith er -halt thou
hie would not have: had, if he had not mourn  nor weep, neither hal1t thy tecars
thus been visited b-y Samuel.  V7eh  at rinn dorwn. iorbear to cry, make no
an eventfutCl.night was that foir Saul. inournIing  for the dead, bind the tire
le hac ju';t encaulped wi th lfissolcdiers,  of thy head upon thee, and put on thy
found out this woman, received the re- shoes upon thy feet, and cover not thy
velation    firoma God, reconverTedi-o-n the Ii>, and eat.not the birea  ofr men."
s:woon, ate Iis last mcea, and by noinn    Hcerse we may suppose that the peoing reacbhed t;he camp, chanmced  the ple, by thle death of Ezekiel's wife,
clothes that disguised him, or h1is field were to learn that no private affliction
nrmor0, when'the enemy wrcse realy for could equal this public calamlity that,
~hfi1ht, and  t t he head of the hosts he for their sins, was to be brought upon
fell in b attle~ And wait  in eventful themn~ Eek iel taught theem  that in.night for t.he "Witch of Endor. "  The this calallity they were to do as lie had
men called on her acndi made Iknown the  lone —not complain of cGcd fo:r thus
object of their visit.  Suspicions wereo dcnealing with then; but they should
rouvsed land mnder t-hem  sThe trcmbled,   not conr their lips, c eat the bread of
lest they were trying  to ensnare her mnen; their tires should be upon their
and bring abo-it her death.  The fct Ieads, and their:shoes upon their.et:;
was revealed'to her that sh-e was in the they Aould not mlourn nor weep, nor
presence-of the king, whom EhJe feared. pine a wa y Jor their iniquities, nor
UTnexpectedly to her Samuel actually mourn one towards another.
appeared.  The king swooned in her.house, and afterward -eat th.at which IlCcCcd's Wtf..
she had provided.                          WTe have -the histoTy of iadad the
Edomnsite in 1st Kings, xi: 14.  This
Eyzelc's Il/;fCo                        man became an  adversary ofI King
The only account we  rave of this So!oloon, but when he was in Egypt
woman is contained in Ezek. xxiv: 15- -with Pharaoh, to whom he had fled
18, feomi which we umay suppose she when he was a little boy, he did not
was mu.ch beloved by her husband, and make known Ihis intention to oppose
that her death was a terrible:calamity the king of  Israel.   He saw  that
to him -a deep and dark dispensation Pharaoh wvas at peace with Solonmon
of divine providence.                   and had given him  his daughter to
Ehekiel's wife died suddenly in the wife, and hence kept his opposition
-eeoning of a day that he;had spoken from  the knowledge of the lking of




486                           APPE NDrIX.
Egypt.  And Pharaoh gave hira to was to  appearance  a very strangQe
wife the sister of his own wife.  So decisou.  " Divide the living child
that Hadad's wife  was the sister of and give half to the one, and half to
the queen.  And this woman became the other."   Then the woman that
for Hadad the mother of Genubath,  came to the king for redress, said to
who  xvas raised  up in Pharaoh's him, "0, my Lord, give her the living
h ousehold.                           child, and in no wise slay it."  She
said this because her bow els yearned
_h~arlot of Gcaza.                    over it as her own son.  King Soloo
This woman, of whom we have an mon marked her feeling..  He saw
account in Judges, xvi: 1, was proba- how much rather she would give up
bly an inn-keeper, or the keeper of a her own son, than that he should be
house of entertainment in the city of slain. The language in import wa4S
Gaza.  She may have been a very "Spare the liIe of iy son, even if I
honorable woman, and the mistress am not to be known as its real mother."'
of a reputable house  of entertain- But the other woman, not suspecting
ment, an'd Samson stopped there for the aim of the -wise king in this decithe night as a weary traveler. He sion, said, adcdressingc herself to the
was a - ma-nr of note, and an avowshe had robbed:'Let it be
en.nemy of tihe Philistines, and they neither mine, nor thine, but divide
lay in wvait for hinm to kill him in the it."  This exression condeuned the
maori ng..But he left the house of woman and settled the im-atter, that
entertainilent in the night and so she was not the mother of the child.
escaped.                              TMaternal affection  had been fairly
tested and developed. Solomon says,
hColo0s Asising fo. Je dgmtcnt.      "Give her the livingE child, and in no~
We have the account of them  and "-wise slay' it; she is the mot.eher theretheir appl'icatlon to King Solomon for of."  The suit was decided in favor
judgment in[ 1st Kings, iii: 16, 28. of the couiplainant.,
They both lived in one house, and
each was delivered of a child about  icrodias —Dcu2ghter of.
the same time.  The one that came   Her name is supposed to have been,
to the king to plead for her child'Saloime, and she was, probably, the
says: The thirdc day after her child daulghter of Philip, Lerod's brothera.
was born, the other was delivered of;It is supposed that Aristobulus, the
a child, and she. overlaid  it.  Ancl  brother of IHerod and Philip, was the
after she found that her' child was father' of Herodias; hence, her daughdead, then she arose and took my son ter sustained the relation of niece to
and laid her dead child in my bosom  Icrod, who was now her husband.
in the stead. 5When she arose in the   Herodias had  become enraged at
morning, or awaked fromi the sleep of John the Baptist, because he had rethe night —the dead child was lagying proved her, and she meditated revenge..
by her; but when she came to look at  iecrod, for her sake, had bound John.
it closely, behold it was not her son..and put him in prison i.. Matt. xiv: 3:.
She charged the woman with having`. lFor Herod had laid hold on John and
done as above stated.  She bitterly put him in prison, for Herodias's sake,
denied they came to  Solomon for his brother Philip's wife."
judgment; the case was such  a.  During the timle that John was in
one that it admitted of no formal:prison, Herod's birthday came, and'
proof, "there was no stranger with us was observed, probably, with feasting;
in the house."  They were alone at -and in the midst of the pleasures of
the time the transaction charged took. the day, the daughter of Herodias;
place.  The case, as thus presented to came into the apartment of the palace'
the king, was certainly a difficult one; vwhere Herod was, and danced.  There'
but he saw that the tenderness and'was, in all probability,. a large company
affection of the real mother might be'of the king's admirers, who were intested, and so the fact be developed vited guests to his birthday feast, presas to which of the two was the mother uent with him, when the young dancer'
of the living child.  After hearing entered and entertained them with her
the case, he gave his decision,. which.perforlance of dancing. Herod prob



APPENDIX.                                487
ably admired the beauty of her person, fromz  Genesis, xxvii: 46. " Rebekahi
and listened to the expressions of ad- said unto Isaac, I am weary of my
miration of the company; but he was life' because of the daughters of
pleased with  her performance as a I-Teth," &c.       c b ek a h had been
dancer, and joined with his guests in brought from. Mesopotamia by Abralauding the young woman.  But he ham to be the wife of Isaac, and she
went further than mere laudations and greatly desired that Jacob who was
admiration —inder the excitement of her favorite, should go to Padan-aram
the occasion he rashly promised, with and get a wife of his own relationan oath, that he would give her what- ship. She seems to be afraid that the
soever she would ask.                 daughters of HeI-th would so win upon
IHow foolish was his proposition, and Jacob's feelings, that he would do as
what a degree of weakness did it show! Esau had done, marry among them.
Mark, vi: 23:  "Whatsoever thou For Esau had married a Hittite woshalt ask of me I will give it thee. unto man.  If she was not really afraid,
the half of my kingdom."  She went she pretended to be, hence Isaac sent
immediately to her mother to confer Jacob to his kindred to procure a
with her as to what she should ask. wife.
HIer mother was not slow to give her
an answer:  "My daughter, ask the Isaac's &ivcants.
head of John the Baptist."  Her ven-   We have an account of these sergeance was not yet fully wreaked; vants when Isaac dwelt in Gerar. He
though John had been for her sake im- had secured the respect of Abimelech,
prisoned, she desired his death.  The the king, and was permitted to dwell
daughllter and dancer went in to HIcrod in the land, while the king gave a
with haste, partaking of her mother's strict commard to his people not to
spirit of hatred to John, anti said, molest either Isaac or his wife. Thus
"' Give me here John the Baptist's protected and encouraged, lihe engaged
head in a charger."  What a request in agricultural pursuits, and in talking
for a beautiful young lady to make to care of his flocks and herds; and it is
a king enamored with her beauty and said of him: " Ie sowed in the land
skill in dancing! Behead John the and received in the same year at hunBaptist, and bring me evidence of' the dred f-old."  His flocks and h e r d s
fasct that lie is beheaded, by producing were very extensive, and his store of
the head in a charger, that I can see it servants was large, insornuech that the
-tlhat my mother may see it, and people of the landl envied him, and ilt
trace the lineanments on the distorted all probability they -were afraid of
countenance of the man who dared to him.
reprove her for choosing to become   The king of Gerar besought isaac
your wife! No wonder that the king to go fronm hiiii, giving, as his reason,
was sorry, since her request was so "for thou art mightier t han we."
cruel, that lie made the promise; and Accordingly lie went and pitched in
sorry because he knew that John was the valley; and he set his servants to
an honorable and high-minded man, digging wells of water or opening up
and correct in the reproof' he adminis- the wells that Abraham digged whlen
tered. But Hierod, for his oath's sake, lie was there, which the Philistines
sent an executioner and  beheaded had filled up; and, in adldition to
John, and they brought the head in a r e o p e n i n g the wells of Abrahauln,
charger and gave it to her, and she''Isaac's servants digged in the vallcy
gave it to her mother.                and found there a well of springing
It is said that this young woman water."  When the herdlmen of Gerar
came to her death by falling or break- saw their success in procuring water,
ing through the ice on which she was they claimed it and secured it; wherewalking, and that the ice closed, after upon Isaac's servants digged another
her body had passed through, severing well; and that was taken fioom themn,
her head from her shoulders.          also.  They then dug the well ilehio
both and were permitted to enjoy it..
Hceth-Daughters of.                     The servants of Isaac, we suppose,
They embittered the life of Ie- like the servants of Abrahamn, were
bekah, the wife of Isaac, as we learn his own household, a nd were conu



488                            APPENDIX.,stantly governed by him.' They per- that with her parents, she became a
fornrmecl for him  the labor of tilling firm  believer in the truth- of Christ's
the ground, pasturing the flocks and mission, and rever forgot the scene that
herds, and such other work as Isaac's opened upon her vision when she first
extensive estate and the care of his returned to consciousness.
large household demanded.  Genesis,
xxvi.                                  Jep7hthac7's Daughter.
I  Jephthah was the son of Gilead, but
Jairus-CDaughter oI.                 - his mother was probably a Canaanite;
Jairus was a ruler of the synagogue and because he was the son of a woman
at Capernaum, it is supposedc.  -He of another nation —"a stranger womana'
was not, like many of the rulers, an — his brothers would not allow him to
eneimy of Christ's, as is evident from  inherit with them, and they "thrust
his conduct as narrated in connection out Jeplth'ah."  Judg. xi.: 2.
with the resurrection of his daughter.   The Ammonites were greatly opThe daughter of Jairus was about pressing the Gileadites, and they detwelve years of age when she was sired deliverance.  On mLaking inquiry
taken sick, and lay in a dying condli- for a eaptain to headcl them, Jephthah
tion.  Luke, viii: 42.  "For he had was spoken of as a " mighty manl of
one only daughter, about twelve years valor,'' and sent for to the land of Tob
of age, and she lay dying."  We sup- to come and fight for them  against
pose her f a t h e r had used all the Armmeion. They entered into a covenant
mleans within his reach-hacl had the with him, in which they promised if he
skill of his family physician, but all would deliver them he should be their
to noavail. And believilging Christ's head.  Je ihthah   sent ani embassy to
ability to heal her, he determined to the enemy,  and  ieeeived an answer
apply to him, and he did, addressing from  them, to which he replied in a
him  in the most touclling manner. very spirited  manner.  His reply was
MTark v:  23.   "ilMy little daughter not regarded by the enemy, and he
iieth at the point of death.  I pray prepared for battle.
thee come and lay thy hand upon her,   Before 3cphthah entered into Ibattle
and she shall live.  Jesus attended to with his enemy, he made a vow unto
his request and \went to his house. The the Lord, Judg. xi: 30:  "If thou
intelligence had  reached themn by a shalt without fail deliver the children
messenger, before they arrived at Ca- of Ammon into mlly hanCds, then it shall
pernaum, that his daughter was dead. be that whatsoever cometh forth of the
But Jesus eased his strickenecd heart, doors of my house to meet me when I
by indicating that his daughter should return in peace, shall surely be the
be restored.                           Lord's, and I will offer it for a burnt
When they arrived, the friends of the o-ffei. n.
family who had gathered in, and were   Jephthah obtained a great victory,
mingling their sympathy with the be- and elated with it returned to Miizpah,
reavedc fmily, were all put out of the where he lived.  His daughter and his
apartmrent where the corpse was, and only child Ilearing of his victory and of
taking his three disciples, Peter, James his approaceh to the city, went out to
and John, with the father and mother meet him  " with timbrels and witth
of the damsel, he entered the rooim. dances."  This was not at all strange
"And he took the damsel by the hand on her part, since it was an ancient.and saith unto her, talitha-cumi; which custom fior wiomen to meet returning
is, being interpreted, Damsel I say unto conquerors and honor them. Jephthalh
thee arise."  She obeyed his command,  was greatly distressed when he saw his
and in a few mnoments the delighted daughter comling to meet him, for the
parents rejoiced that she lived.       vow he had made before fighting  the
The daughter of Jairus is one of the battle came to his mind; and address-few that were raised fronm the dead by ing himself to the daughter he said, as
Christ himself; and the case of her res- he rent his clothes, " Alas,  my daughurrection was a strong attestation of his ter! thou 1hast broulht me very low,
Messiahship.  HIow long she lived af- and thou art one of then that trouble
terwards we know not, or what was her me; for I have opened my mo uth unto
manner of life; but we may suppose, the Lord, and I cannot go baek."  She




APPENDIX.                                  489
seemed to understand the import of was not that hurnt offeri.    In addciher father's language, and feel the tion to the offering, he eonsec'ate-d
sanctity of the obligation that was upon his daugiter to God in perpOtuaJ Tvirhiun.  Shec saw how  her father was ginity.  Tn his devotion to CGod and
brought down, and with the feelings of his faiit -iu: lcess to peri'-rm his vows,
a dutif-ul daughter, she said:   My fa-  severe as vas the sot-'eok —she beirng
ther, if thou hast opened thy mouth his ounly  cild-he  gave her to the
unto the Lord, do to me according to Lord; aond  she lknew no 1man, oi eonthat which hath proceeded out of tny tinued a  iin al tee dcays of her
month."                                  life.  And t!he probab iliy is, thal, as
WVhat a picture is thus presented to long as she lived (alnd nol ongee thcan
our minds of piety and  obedience! her life lasted) the daugnters of TsThough she was the daughter of a uman rael went yearly to laren-t the dllughinow entitled to be the head of the Gil- ter of Jephtlhah, four days in t-he year.
eadrites, yet she was willing to be sacri- They went to see her,and comoirt
iced in the sense in which the promise her.
of her father demanded it. [But she
gave the reason why she should thus Jqcobocri- -WV'    of:
suffer: "Forasmuch as the Lord hath    She is brou-ht to our view  in Ist
talken vengeance for thee of thinc cne- Kings,, inXi  in connection wi\;i    tihe timies, even of the children of Amzon;'"  count of the sickines oand Certhl of
as though she had said, Mly fa ther, if Abijal,  the son ofi Jeroboam.  The
thou didst promise the Lord that who- king senc s   S wife, cdsgu-sed a S the
soever first came forth fror thy house queen, to Shiloh  to inaulire of Ahijalh,
to meet thee should be sacrificed, on the pirophiet, vwhat wo'OUN1 be tile riesul:t
condition of victory over thine enemies, of the chitd's sicknmess. Seeo, inl accordbe faithful to the Lord and fulfill thy a.nce with the  iish  of her  iusarnd'xow.  She asked but one request of went, hax7nD  aii the soliciiude o-_ an
her father, which request was granted. nan ous tio nl aitimo ertl, C  regaraing
It was this: "Let me al on e two the result oi' a cingeorouS   Sickniess of
months, that I rnay go up aRnd down  her oown son,  r foI Abiiah was her own
upon the mountairns and bewail -my vir- sonD and si c hadl looked witih fndi afglnity, I and my follows."  In this Te- lction upon lim, and conoteid himL the
quest it may be slie simply asled ithe successor to tle thirone of I srael, of
privilege of visiting her acjquaintances Jerobonam, IliS fthiei.  She took.wit.
and female conmpanions for the space lhev, presentns   f'oml t-he kine, and
of two months, which she clid, be-wail- " bignecd  hierielf to be another woing ner veirgiity- sorrowing, as some mran."  T e prophlt was aged and lls
think, that she could not be a mother eyes we7re  di6 t  i', indeed, he was not
in the l ine of the coming Christ, as quite blind.  BLut it Twas    vealoed to
many of every generation desired to be, him by thie Load, thalt the wife of Jeroand but one could he.                   beam was comiug to hir1 to inounire of
It is hardly likely t{hat this vow of him concerning' heml son.  IHCe (detec-ted
Jephlziah, though it troubled him so her as she approalcad, and invited her
muchl  demanded tlhe death' by his ito come in.  He  aildly reproved her
hand, of the daughter.  After two for cndeavoring to practice imposition,
mnontuhs had expir-ed she cramone to her and immledicately crave her the heaTvy
fathe-  and  yielled'herself up as a tiUings of Godsl anger towards Jerosacrif ce.  Hl1.uman sacrifices have al- beam, and hnis idete-mination to cut off
ways been an abomination to God. his house; and of the dishonor that
One of the reasons given why the  should ccme upon nmany of his family.
Canaanites were driven out of their And as it regarded  the child  Abijall,
land was, they offered their sons andi fiis sicliness the propehot declared unto
danutolrs in the fire to 3 oloch. It is her was  unto death, and that she had
not likely that he comiitt.ed  an act to- scen e her son alivo f-or ti-e last time;
wa-d an innocent daughter that God  " when thy feet enPler into the city, the
hadI condeumnecl in thIe people whomn child shall die.7  HIence, before Jerohe fought and conquered.l  It may be boam0's1 wif    e entered Ithe royal,dalace
that Joephthol. ol-ored a burnt oefering'anod looked aogain upon the littie s1fto the Lord; jbut surely his dauglhter,erer, his morcal carieer was ended. She




490                           APPENDIX.
entered Tirzah, and as she came to the I would soon perish, for they had no
threshold of' the door, the child died, children to perpetuate it.  Poverty
and all Israel engaged in honoring him, stared them  in the face, if her husfor hle was the only one of Jeroboam's band ever recovered of his disease.
fmily, or of this wife's children, that Her patience was gone.  She gave
canme to the grave in peace.          vent to her fretful and murmuting'feelings, and corms ee d Job to "curse
Job's MWife.                          God and die," or as some think, bless
Job's wife is introduced to our no- God ai   die.  But how nobly did
tice in connection with the affictions the sufferer re p r o ve her: " hou
that he was called, for the trial of his speakest as one of the foolish women
faith, to pass through.  She was the speaketh.  What? shall we receive
mother of the -ceven sons and three good at the hands of Cod, and shall
daulghters of Job, and with h im was we not receive evil?"  What philosodeeply af.icted at the loss of proper- phy was this. As though he had said
ty, servants and children.  If, as we to her: iy knowledge of God, of resuppose, they  w e r    hex sons and ligion, and of a future state, with our
da<ughters a, uhe  us t havae felt exceed- condition in this world, teaches me
ingly sorrowful whell the intelligence that we are not always to have pros-;T,13 brought them thmt they were all perity, and plenty, and health.  The
cdead.  And while Job arose and God who gave ne property and serv"rent his mantle,"  and gave otherl ant's and children and health, or
evidences of his deep feeling, she was placed them in Ey charge, has a right
also giving vent to the sorrows of her to take t h e m  awT y when it shall
heart in percilg cries and bit ter pleassehiimu.  It may be that this same
wa.iinas, though the sacred text does woman lived to see Job again in prosnot show it.  But it can hardly be perity; sawhis acceusers confounded,
said of her as it is said of Job: "In and was the mother for him  of the
all this Job sinned not, nor charged seven sons and three daughters that
God'oolishly."  The reason we think blessed the evening of his life.
it t       e, is, her conduct as narrated afterwards, when God tried the  Lemuel —fdother of
quality and quantity of Job's faith by   It is not certainly known who lKirng
allowing him to be atlficted with sore Lramuel was, possibly it was Solomon
bails, "frioml the sole of his foot unto himself.  If so Bathsheba, his mother,
his crown," so that he  acame a very was the wom.an who is represented as
loathsome object, and needed the utterig ing i  the cars of her son, the
counsel and advice of a wise friend. proverbs recorded  in  Pray. x x xi.
t-e needed words of comfort poured 1This queen mnot.her expostulates with
into his ear and upon his lacerated hi er son as to liis future course of life.
and bleeding heart.  Just then his She pleads wit'h him especially to avoid
wife ventured to counsel him, and, the two sins that so often go hland in
oh! what counsel for the wi-fe of a hand, viz: drunkenness and lasciviousgood man to give him: "'iost thou ness.  She counsels him  to do good
still retain thine integrity?   Curse with his wealth, and use his power as
God and die."   Wh-atever the full a righty king in administering justice
meaning  of this language is, it indi- with care, courage, and compassion.
cates a.ack of faith in God on her She then gives him a most glowing
part. W-lle his heart in his afflic- description of a virtuous woman, and
tions was full of-gratitude to God, the descriptioan  is worth the stcudy of
her heart was filled with a contrary all women.  10th and 30th verses infeeling.  Shle seenms to be almost, if elusive.
not altogether, an infidel. The trials
had come heavier on her than she Leers-the l-Fozr Faomiishing.
could bear.  H- er children were all   Benhadad had besieged the city
dead.  Her husband's property was of Sanmaria and reduced i;ts inhabitgone, anid he afict;ed with so loath- i ants and soldiery to the greatest nesome a disease that his friends all cessity, for the head of an ass was sold
shunned him. The prospect for her -for four-score pieces of silver, while
was that the name of her husband  the fourth part of a cab of dove's




APP-ENDIX.                               491
dutmg was sold for five pieces of silver. t h e n det'ermnined to go back to the
They were reduced to such necessity city a-.id report th at tthe Syrian army
that they were dying of starvation, was gone, but all their tents and equipmdc  women were eatinlg their own age were o- the grouind they had
children.                             heen occupying.  They went and inThe king of.Israel chezged this formed the guard, and soon the news
dire necessity upon the prophet Eli- spread through the city, and the king
sha, and determined to destroy him. sent a small party out to ascertain the
The messengers came to take him for truth of the report. They followec!
decath, and the king, dcetermining to the ala'nraed Syrians s r as the Jorsee his order executed, followed after dan, an ca me back to report that
them. ~Whi.lZ at the door of Elisha's they foutnl it as the  epers had irehouse heL heard his prophcey declar- porlte. Their enemny had fled firom
ing that on the next, day there should thleir  encampment,'eavun g  iun-ch   tebe great p. e nty in Saniaria:  "A  hindl thezn, a-nd the way they had
mneasure of fine flour shll be sold for gone was stieown'rith  garments and
a shekel, and two measures of barley vessesw whichl had been cast away.
for a shekel in the gate of Samaria."   Thus these four lepr:3 w-vere insie-n
One of the king's aids that attended nmental in bringin  rei.e al c   y tha"i
him to thIe prophr t's lhouren, and that day, to the stalrving thousands o'f Sck
was axious to see him exenutcd, told lnaia. 2d Kings, vi, viii
the ling thU at it was iln13e 0s'ibe for
Eii2a'sa declaration  to  be fulfilled:  Levite's Sconti7ry  i7tc.
"f1 tihe Lord  would maLe windos   This Levte vwas of MA:ount Ephrlaim
in hea.cven might Pus t!hi' g be?  Uli- and his concubmine, or secondary vife,
shn then assured that lum  that he was of Boethlehena J udah. Judclgoe,'
should,sea it with his eyes, but slhoui1ld xux:  1. It is, not certain from  the
not eat thereof; and  in this matter presentiatioi of this vomian' case as
the prophet's clecdPaaor:rn  w fs ulfilled givon, that she was very dcsreputable.
to the letter, for the next day the peo- or that she wats guilty of an act of'
ple triod on him in the gate that he conjugal infidelity. It may be that, as
died, while they were rushaing to the husband and cl wif, they did not agree,
point to obtain the flour anic  barley and mutually consented to sepaerate
that was selling aceording to the word and the woman returned to her ifaof Elisha.                            thler's house. If she hadl been guilty
Durinug the niZght, the Lord, by a of the improprtities and wickedness
nmiracle, chad alarmed the Syrians, a-nd that some think she hd, the Levite
they suddlenly raised the siege of Sa- w o u  cl not have gone after her to
nmaria and fled, leaving their tents speak friendly to her, and brinug her
and horses, and all their equipmrents again to his house.
and stores.                             The father of the woman aimed
There were fVour leprous nen at the to nmakeC up the difference between.
gate of tlhe city in a stawving condi- thiem, and probably succeeded after
tion, and, in their extreility, they dce- keeping the Levite at his house sevterainecd to give themselves np to the eral days. He starte-d with her and
Syrians; for, if they entered the city, his attendants for his house in Miount
they knew they would die, and they Ephraini. As they were unable to
could but die by giving themnselves up reach home that day, they stopped for
to the enemy; accordclingly they arose the night in G-ibeah, of Benjamin,
and went toward the camp; but, to It was some time after they entered
their astonishment, when'they neared Gibeah, before they had an invitation
the camp, they f ou n d no guards. for lodging.  At length an aged man
They came to the tents and entered, coming from  his work, saw them ais
finding no occupants, and they saw no wayfarers in the strects, and approachmen throughout the entire encamp- ing them, entered into conversation
ment. They first, as starving men, with'them, fronm which conversation
satisfied themselves with food; then lie learned who they were and whither
they gathered up silver and gold, and they were going. The old man inraimuent, and went and hid it.  So vited them to lodge with him-to come
they pillaged several t e n s.  They under his roof; and for the night en



492                            APP E NDI I
joy his h ospitality.  The Levite form Lot mtd hiasten him  out of the
agreed, and went into his house.  But city with his family.:oon the house of the aged man was   Wlihatever tie ahinar-ter of Lot's
beset by wicked men, and they mnade wife was, whether, like her  husband,
cruel and mwicke d demands regardinig she fea ed Gol in thle midst of t1he
the Levite and his party, and they wiekedness around her, or partook of
could not be pacified by the aged the spirit and wicikedUness of the Sodman. At lengtth the Levite, in order omiites, she had a chance afforded her
-to save his own life and person, provedl or esea.ping the punishment that was
himself' a g raceless h u s b a n d, by vlisted upon the city, for " the angels
thrustinrg his wife out among the hastened Lot saying, Arise, take thy
trable, wlho -withf their cruelty and wife and thy two daughcters which are'wickeiness,  occasioned her dceath.  here, lest tho   be consumed in the
She died berore the morning at the iniquity of the city.  Aind so anxious
door of the house where the Levite, were the angels for her salvation, and
her n huba-nd, stayed.                for the salvation of her husbandi and
The Levite, iin'the morning, cut t1he dlaughters, that they laic hlold upon
body of his dcaeased wife into twelve ler hand. She seemed, for a tiime, to
piees0,  and sent a piece to each of the bad fiiir to escape, but, acuctead by
tribes o0  rafa el, with an account of so01e lm-10 Iotive,   she disobeyed the inthe biarta -tr'y and wickedness of th  juanction:   Genei, xix: 17:' scape
Ien 01o Gibeah, la d also a request, fir thy life1; look not behin  thre;
v~e'may suppose, thao t lhis wrongs be n eiti r  stay thou in  all t.le  p!ain;
stvenged.                              escape to the mountain, lest thou. ha
There seenm to have been a council   consumed."  She turned around in
calledL, 1nd this Levite appeared be13- the fliglht and looked back to  ee it
itoe it, and  represented his cause. may be, whether God  wts tU   viiIt —
The council consistad of the heads ing the city with destrut:iotin.    God
of eleven t-iTbes.  They unanimously had satid, " look not hba-ck1" nut L  c
resolved to avenge the wrong, and pre- said in action, I vil loo nclk. 7ba ie
pared fo" a war aigainst.Benjainii,  on judgme nt of God over-took her; ter'i.coondition they did not give up the!e pnL7isliniot was Vis-it d -tpton hIr':
mnuraclroie- of the Levwte's wile. The   ale became a pillar of al1.'  The
Be nj m i-ts reurselI to do it, ancd the Almiglity, who wa"s raining)  fire'tesult wras, the cities  of Benjamin britmseone from Heaven u'-on ti-one dowere a11 destroyed, and the Lenja- voted cities, iinle he-r,  h for her dlib3o Ilrate wVre destroyed as a t-ribe, ex- dienee, a public exampllne of h'i ycept six hundred men who fled to the geance; and her sin t-nd her purni: —'wilderness, who were aiterwards pro- ment have ever since been pointed to
vicled with wives, and so were the as a walrn-igto othaiers. Gen. ix: 25G
means of saving the tribe fror. becoming atterly extinct.                   Lot's Laczc'c's.
Their naoesu  a are noet given, but.Lot'~s  tif~e.                       their number~' s —   h c y were two.
Her nae is nobt given, but she was They had bot.h of theml ent ered upon
a favored woman in being the wife of rmarriage    engagements, if the miatter
so good a man as Lot., She iiiay have of thair' msarriage was not already conaeen'the wife of Lot at the time that summa-ted as it probably w as nlot,
the confederate kings conquered the fronm w7hat Lot says of them in Gen.
country and took Lot and his family nimx  S. Tle mlen to whom they were
captiveo, and were hurrying a vay  en-ga-oe-d in mnariage  or espoused, raw-ith them  as c'aptives taken in war fiused to believe the' wJorld of the
when Abrahanm, Lot's uncle, over- angels regarding  the comlng  dest'ruc
took themi and smote themi, "andl tion of the city, and hence they perrecovered Lot and his goods, and the ished while the two young  women
women also, and the pjeople."  But escaped  with  their iatheir to  the
whether slhe was his wife then or not mountain or rather to the little city
she was when God determined to de- of Zoar.
stroy the wicked cities of the ploain   They had not dwelt in Zoar long
and sent two angels to Sodom to in- - nt ii  Lot feared to remain; his




A PP1E 1  TD:1 X. e3
daughters joined him in all pr obahbi- but time, on heariln: -their cries, tIo ask
ity in, fears, lest Zoar should boe isited the cause, wh en thie messenger   aras the other cities had been visited, rivsedl bho'o"e hinm, and began to rela'e
and yet they should be declstioyed. tle casualties.  HeI  ad hIarcly finis!.ecl
Lot committed a great nrong  ween his message,  when the aged priest fell
he entertained.:enars tlhat  Zo'r wvould backward be-ete   n b l, and broke his
be destroyed, and when Lhe  roposed neclk.- let Salsuel, iv  12-13.
to his daughters that they should go
to the mountains —the.   place  where 1lcfes   of Godc ctczd  the 0 1 (1 Betcei
God at first conlnandced them to go.         Proop/het.
Had he remained the city would  hlve    The namres of these prophets are'been spared for his sakre; and the not given.   Some have supposed that
staim tihatt  ot!les upon his charactr, the name of the man of God whao
on account of the shamei- ul  rai:oac- prophlesie d against Jeroboam's altar
tionll C ded rcoded    garding hi,  ould was Shemalah, others have lalintaiined.
]prob'bly not have been there.          that it was Jo,el and still others tlhat
we are  un ab  e  to excuse  the it was Iddo.  But as tihe sacred hisdaughters of Lot for their ccceptYion torian has not civen tin   a nam e it is
of their father-for  the means onl -useless to aiemr at securingl one for hl lim.
their part resorted to, to accomnplish Hle was a good nman and a true prophtheir purposes.  A.nd it is not to be et, commissioned by God to an imwo1dered  at that the  deseendants poe-i anj work,  viz., that of prophesyof their two  sons, the  nalmes.01 i    ng  a.gainst Jelolxa a nd his idolawhich were Moab and Ben-almii, were irtos  altar. a     n the perormance of
wlcked.   The M hoabies who  splang his iission hle went in accordacsee
from the first were gross idolators, and wvitl the diaine direction directly to
enemies to the chosen people of  od tiho altcar, and in the hearing  of Jero— the children of Abraham.  eAnd btoara  who stood by it declar-ed the
the  Ammonites  who  saprung from i       v n  de r e e'~ Pchold a child shall
Ben-ammli, were in league w1i41h the be born  unto the house o:' David
1Ioabites — they were associated in Josiah by name; and upon thee 3hallI
idolatry and in  their opposition to he ofer tle priests of the high  paces,.
Israel.  Gen. xix.                      that bu rn  incense  upon  thee, andC
mren's bones  shall be  buirnt iupon
di.   f Bnjctvin,'zo7o vweif to  h.   hee.
This man belonged to the airmy of'   He then back-d up his prolphey
Israel, and only stayed with the routed a- ainst the altar bly a cever sign-     croarlny, after the battle, long enoagu'l boan  saw the alt'ar miracul-usnly rent
to learn how  many of tIse  soldiers and the ashes poured out firon  the
were slain, a n d t h a t t lh e ark of altar.  He became earangedl at t h e
God was taken and H-ophni and Phin- prophet and put forth  his hand to
nelhas were both dead.  I-e was deeply take hold of him, thereby ordering'
afflicted over the defeat of Israel, and those about hira to arrest him —but as
ran to Eli, as the bearer of sad news, lie did so his handcl was withered —his
but he came with his clothes rent and whole arm  became paralyzed, wvhicllh
earthl upon his head.  These were the afliction brougAt hiiu to his senses
signs of sorrow and distress which lie and turning' to the muan of Cr-od he:
gave. By the former he signified besought hiem to intercede with C-oci
that the Israelites were scattered and in his behalf, that Lhis haenl milLht 
divided, and by the latter, he signified restored to him  again,  The.man of
their deep humiliation.                 God did pray for hii acand God hea~rd
When he came to Shiloh, Eli was his prayer  and restored the witihered
sitting by the road side, waiting  for in- h a n d.   Jeroboam   felt greatly intelligence and trembling for the result, cdebted to the prophet and prloposed
and especially for the fate of the ark of to shim to go witl h iim to his palac1e
God.  Ere the Becnjamite reached the and  rest and refresh hisclm!- and
point where Eli wasX,  the: whole city receive at his handl  reward;   biut
had learned tllrough  hisi the result ef lhe told hiras he would 1nsot. The Ian-.
the engagement, and were engagod in guag-  of his reflusal is as follow,:
lamentation and mourning.  lii had "If thou wilt give  me half tlhine,




494                           APPENDIX.
house, I will not go in with thee  anythiing short of a direct cormmunicaneither will I eat bread nor drink tion f'om him who sent him on the erwater in this pla-ce."  The reason he rand. While engaged in eating, the
gave for this bold refusal was, "For word of the Lord caine to him, either
so it was charged me by the word of directly, or through this Bethel prothe Lord saying, Eat no bread nor phet. charging his sin upon him, and
lrink  wauter, nor turn again by the that he should be punished with death
saine way that thou carmest."  His somewhere between Bethel and Judah.
mission being ended there the man of Immediately after the repast was fin.God turned to go to Judah by another ished, he left the house of the Bethel
way than the way lie came.            propchet, and began to journey toward
It was not long after he left the his home.  He had not proceeded far
rent altar, and the repentant king, until until he was met by a wild beast and
the sons of an old prophet that livce-l at slain. "'A lion met him ad slew hinm.''
-ethel, reporte-C- to the:ir father all that Som e travelers passing along, saw the
the man of God had clone that day. dead body, and the lion standing by it,
This old man is supposed to have been Canid they went and told the old prophet
a backslidden prophet, one who had of Bethel, who immiac-liateiv repaired
fallen fronm his ste a-rfao7s-bcss, and had to thle plaee, and "he found his carcass
beeln  ejected by Godc.  Though  he cast in the way, and the ass and the
may not have so far fallen, as to have lion standing by the carcass, the lion
become an idolater himself, yet his sons had not eaten the carcass, nor torn the
were probably idolaters, n.id had bee-n ass."  The Be-thel prophet took posengazged Nwith Jeroboam at his woriship. session of the body of the man of God,
WIelon the sons reported to their aged and took it backie  to Bethel for burial.
father the seones of the day he became 1Ie gave it possession of hbis own g1ve,
ansious to klnow more about the man and lnam eu cd over iu saying, "Alas my
of G-od, and bie alkecld them which way brother."  -lEe then bade his sons bury
lie went,; they told him, when he made Mnm, when he died in the samne sepulready and followea aafter himIT He had chef.  Hle desirned to have his bones
not proceeded f-'r till hle ovrtook him. laid beside the man of 0-od. From this
The man of -LCd was sitting under the wve may learn that, he considered the
shade of an oak to rest himself; the old prophet, who hcad thus come to his
Bethel prophet accosted him  with, canc, a great and good man, one by
" Art thou the man of God that camnzst whom it would be an honor to lie in
from  Judah?"  He told him he was. death.  1st Kings, xiii: 1-32.
Hec then ganve him a cordial invitation   The prophecy of this man of God
to go back to his house and partake ol"f was fulfilled regarding the altar of
a rep-s.t which he would provide.   He Bethel.  More than  three hundred
told himix that his orders were, not to years after this, when king Josiah, who
stop to eat bread or drink water in that wvas prophesied of by name, was caZrryplace, and that he who appointed him  ing on his reform in the kingdoml  of
on the mission of prophesying against Judah, in the destruction of idolatry,
Jeroboam's idolatrous altar, had given and of idolatrous temples.  It is said
him the orders. The old man then told he broke down the altar which Jeroliml that he also was a prophet and boa-r built at Bethel, and utterly desthat an angel spake unto him and bade troyed everything connected with it.
him bring him back to his house, that While engaged in his destruction of
ho might eat bread and drink water, idolatry at Bethel, Josiah had his atbut the sacred historian says, "he lied tention directed to the sepulchers in the
unto himn."  The devil may have trans- side of the mountain, and lie ordered
formed himself into an angel of light, the bones taken out of the sepulchers
and spoken to the Bethel prophet to and burnt onthe altar, thereby polluting
bring back this man of God, but he it. But he saw the sepulcher of the
who had told him not to tarry certainly man of Gocd, and the Bethel prophet,
had not.                              and knew it by an inscription upon a
The man of God believed him and stone that closed it, or was near by it.
went back with him, and here was the Hle bade them let that sepulcher alone,
sin for which he was punished. I-Ie or notl move the bones.  He had respect
ought not to have been satisfied with for the bones of one who had dared in




APPENDIX.                                 495
the presence of the idolatrous Jeroboam  humiliated, proffered the insulting king
to predict the overthrow of his altar, of Syria all he asked; but the'Elders
and of his system  of idolatry.  2d of Israel checked  h im  by saying,
Kings, xxiii: 15-18.                    "]Hearken not unto him, nor consent."
Accordingl y the king of Israel sent him
N1]Ial of God who came to E U.        word that ihe would not agree to the
I-e was evidently (a prophet of the iast part or the proposition he had
Lord,  and specially commissioned to nmade, viz.: that the Syrian soldiery
prophesy the downf'ail of Eli's family, should pass through the city and take
and the death of his two wicked sons, whatever they pleased, after the wives
H-ophini and Phinehas.  He came to and children, and silver and gold had
Eli and delivered his solemn charge, been taken.  Benhadad  became enin which he referred him  to God's raged at this, ancd again vowed revenge,
goodness in selecting the tribe to which when the king, of Israel, inspirited by
lie belonged to honorable position the counsel of the Elders, sent him
among the tribes of Israel, and the word that the battle was not over yet,
ftnily from which he was descended-  and that it did not become a man who
that of Aarlon-to be priests and 1in-  was preparing for a battle to boast as
isters of holy things.  I-Ie referred him  one who has fought and conquered.
to G-d's goodness to the Ithamlar part  " Let not him that girdeth on his harof Aaron's family, in transferring the ness boast himaelf as he that putteth it
hilghl-priesthood li'on Eleazar to them. off."
And now he assured him. that, because   Just at this time, the lan  of God,
ef the wickedness of his sons, this dis- who was a true prophet, approached
tinguishecd honor should be returned to Ahab and strengthened  him  for the
the house of Eleazar.                  coming contest. The prophet declared
God had promised that the high- that this large army of the king of
priesthood should relmain in the -family  Syria should be conquered, and proof Aaron's younger son   and so it ceedea   l to give him instructions as to
would, had they been faithful.  Eli's the manner of preparing for the battle.
sons had been very wicked, and he  -ce was to take the young men, to
hi mself had been unfaithful, and now  the numbler of two hundred and thirty.
the prophet charges that unaiithfltl- two, and makc the attack upon him in
ness u.lpon him, and gives it as the rea- the pavilion, rush upon his tents ere ho
son why the divine promise is an- hLad time to prepare himself by thrownulled, and the divine decree reversed. ing his army into line of battle, and
1Ee still continues before Eli, and de- then have his army of seven thousand
clares that even Shiloh shall be dese- Israelites to follow after him, and he
crated —a dreadful calamity shall fall did so.  Benhadad, and tle thirty-two
upon Israel, in the capture of the ark kings that were helping  him, were
and its sacred deposits, by their ene- drinking  themselves drunk  in  their
mlies; and that his two sons shall both tents.  They rushed upon them  and
be slain in one day, and his family shall slew  every one his nuan; Benhadad
entirely fail in the priesthood.       escaped on a horse with the horsemen,
All this came to pass, for Abiathar Thus the king of Israel followed the
was the last descendant of the house instructions of the prophet, and slew
of Eli.  1st Samn. ii.                 the Syrians with a great slaughter.
This same prophet the n advised
anct, of God who.Encouraged  the Ahab to increase his army and prepare
King to Attack the Syrians.        himself for a second attack.  He did
Benhadacd, the king of Syria, had so, and in the next battle slew one
thirty-two kings associated with him in hundred thousand footmen.  The Syrbesieging  Samaria.  His army  was ian army was followed as it retreated;
large and powerful, and lie thought of and as it went into the city of Aphek,
nothing but success.  He accordingly twenty-seven thousand more of thenm
sent messengers with a very insulting were killed by the falling of a wall, and
message, to Ahab, the king of Israel; Benhadad, and those that were left,
and insisted on pillaging the city of surrendered to Ahab.
Samaria and bringing its king into the   Who this prophet was, we cannot
most abject servitude to him. Ahab, tell; some have thought it was Mica



490                           APPENDIX.
iah, the son of imulah, and others that   Micah  saw  the money where hie
it was Elija-h or Elisha; but of this we mother had concealed it, and took it.
cannot be certain, as the name is not As soon as she missed it, she began to
given.  1stt Kings, xx: 13-30.        pour inmprecations upon the head of
the thief who had stolen it. Micalh
fac,  thcat gathcred slicfks on  thle heard  her language, and was afraid
Sabbath.                          lest the curses shouold fa!l on him.  He
The brief history of this man is, went to her and confessed that he had
that he was found by the children of taken the money. He said, "The
Israel gathering sticks on the Sab- eleven hundred shekels of silver that
bath day. And they that found him, were taken fi'om  thee, about which
arrested and took him into the pres- thou cursedest, and spakest of, also in
ence of Moses and Aaron for judg- mine ears, behold, the silver is with me,
meint, thereby bringing his case be- I took it."  The amother of Micah was
fore all the congregation of israel. much gratified to learn that it was yet
lMoses and AaronI knew that he had in the family. And when he restored
committed offence; but it was an it to ther, she gave it back to him  to
offence that was not Specifiecd in use for the obect for which she had
their law  of the  Sabbath, hence intended it. The history indicates that
they  knew  not what the penalty he was not willing to appropriate the
shotuld be. They, therefore, put the money to this object in person.  I[t may
manl under guardl until they might be that he saw tihe impropriety~ in such
enquire of the Lord what should be a use of it that his mother did not.
done to him. "And the Lord said   But she took two hundred shekels
unto Moses, The man shall surely be and gave them to the founder, who
put to death; all the congregation imade her an image, and it was placed in
(of I srael) shall stone him with stones the house of'Micah.  So that we may
witi out the camp."  Accordingly  judge that the son, if at first he was
they brought him without the camp. opposed to it, became reconciled, and
and he vas executed. If his act was a-rgued with his mother that they
not a plain and direct violation of should have a sanctuary at their ihouse,
the fourth commandment, still it was a dGmestic temple; for, as it is stated,
a violation of divine command, and Micah made an ephod and teraphim,
of commands regarding the Sabbath. and consecrated one of his sons to
Ile seenms to have been arrested as a serve in the priesthood, in his house
Sabbath-breaker.  Num. xv: 32-36. of gods.  It 1is likely that he aimued to
We may judge, from the verses that imitate the sanctuary of God-in which
immediately precede this reference, was the ark, and the mercy-seat, and
that his sin was presumptuousness, cherubim.
whereby he reproached the L o rd.
" He despised the word of the Lord, fliccah's bfitS*e-t he you-ng  evite.
and brake his conmmandlments;" and    This man Micah was an Ephraimthe penalty for that offence is said to ite and, in company with his mother,
be, "being cut off fronm  among his haa erected a family temple and had
people."                              in it an image which was with them
an object of worship.  He had also
iicah-the 3fother of.                 the paraphernalia of a priest in partThis woman was of Mmornt Ephraim, an ephod and a teraphiml —ancld one of
and possibly, was a devoted servant of his sons was consecrated and served
CGod. The transaction recorded of her as a priest.
is in Judges, xvii.  She had collected   This young Levite was probably
together eleven hundred shekels of sil- seeking employment,  and coming to
ver, wllich she "dedicated to the the house of Micah to lodge for the
Lord."  It was not her design to en- night, it may be, he was questioned
gage in idolatry, or to establish idola- as to t he place fromu whence he'hailed
trous worship in her house. At least and whither he was going. Hle anthere is no positive evidence that it swered that he was a Levite, and was
was. She may have intended to make s e e k i n g a home and employment.
with it something to resemble some sa- Micah at once proposed to hire him
cred thing in the tented temple.     to be a priest for himn; and he agreed




APPENDIX.                               497
with him for ten shekels of silver a that they had taken from  B ictah's
year, and a suit of clothing and his temple, in his charge..oard.  This yo ung Levite served   When they came to La.sh and conMicah for some time.                 quered it,'they changed its name -to
At length five Panites were passing Dan, calu  g it after the name of their
that way and overheard him thking. tribe; and we may suppose that he
It may be, he was performing sevice who is called Jonathan, the son of
in the temple, and they knew it was GerShom, who, with his sons, we
not the dialect of the Ephraiimites, priests to the tribe of Dan until the
and they asked him what he was do- days of the captivity of the land, was
ing there. He told them that he was this same young Levite who had
hired by Micah as his priest. They served Micah; if not, the DaniteS
asked him to serve them  by asking turned him off aind took Jonathan inr
God regarding the object of their mis- his place. Judges, xviii.
sion, which w-as, to secure a home for
them'n-elves and a company of D-anites J['Jdianis-the   two who encouragedl
who -had sent them —  whether they        Gideon.
s h o u 1 d prosper. I-l:e did ask for   These two men belonged to the arIrmy
them, and, we judge, received a fa- of the liidianites. One of them had a,
vorable answer, fbr he said to them: remarkable dream in vwhich he saw " a
"Go in peace; before the Lord is cake of barley bread tumbled into the
your way, wherein you go."  These host of Midian, and came into a tent,
Danites went on and selected the and smote it that it fell, and overtown of Laish, which was inhabited by trrmned it that it lay all along," and he..
a Zidonian colony that they thought relatecl the dream to his fellow who at
coul d be easily conquered.  They once interpreted it to mlean that " the
then retfurned to Zorah and Eshtaol sword of Gideon, the son of Joash,"
Lnd. reported to the Danites who sent should prevail against the Midianites,
them out that this place could be se- and they should all be delivered intocuTed.  Then six hundred of them  his hand. These men were probably a
started out as warriors; and they  part of the outside guard of the army,
took Mbount Ephlraim in their route, and Gideon had come in person, with.
and, stopping at the house of tieah, his faithful seo ant, Phurah, to see how
one of the five men who were con- his enemy was situated, and to Ilave
ducting them toward Laish, reported his hands strengthened for the attack
regarding Miceah's temple and  his he was about to make. As soon as he
Levite pries-t, and the whole company heard the guards in conversation, he
went t o w a r d the dwelling of the listened, and heard the dreamn related,
young Levite, and, stationing them- tand heard t h e interpretation given
selves near it, they sent the five men He was immediately  inspirited witih
in, with instructions to t a k e the coturage and went back to his army and
graven image, and the eph od and infutsed courage into thelm by saying:
teraphim, and carry it with them. to "Arise, for the Lord: hath delivered
their future home. The young Levite into your hand the host of IMidian."
priest came out and expostulated with   Though tihe men of the Midianite
them  against their action; but they anrmy were not worshippers oF the livwould not hear, and, moreover, they ing God, yet the dream and the intercompelled him  to silence, but gave pretation thereof, were both inspired,
him  an offer of employment w i t hi of God, and accomplished the end for
theml; and they urged that it would'which God inspired them: to encourbe much better for him  to become a'age Gideon to make the attack and to
priest for a large company, or for a -make it at once. Judges, vii: 9-15.
tribe, than to remuain as a priest for
one man. He seems to have accorded J'licdiinitish Nerchantmei.
to their wishes and rejoiced in the   They were a company of Ishmael-.
prospect of a more extended field of ites,. trading in spicery, and balm, and
labor; and probably he had the offer myrrh,, with the Egyptia'ns. As the:
of larger compensation. The young crmel brothers of Joseph saw the car-.
Leite then attended them, keeping avan approaching, they agreed to-.n all probability, all the things gether to sell him  to them, and let
32




498-                          APPENDIX.
theml take him  down to Egypt and brought up by pious parents and had.
sell hima as a slave. Accordingly, as a knowledge of the true God, and had
the inerchantmen approached th e y often heard her parents talk of the prodrew Joseph out of the pit and pro- phets of Israel, and particularly of the
posed to sell him.  They agreed upon distinguished prophet Elisha.
the price, which was twenty pieces of   Naanmn, her master, was a leper,
silver. It is supposed the price was and she was led one day to say to her
twenty shekels, which would   a v c mistress, "would God my lord were
been less than two dollars apiece for with the prophet in Samaria, for he
the ten brothers.                    would recover him  of his leprosy."
These imerchantmen  to ok  h i m  As though she had said, I know of a
down into Egypt and sold him  to prophet who could, and would cure my
Potiphar, the captain of the body- master of his disease, if he would only
guard of Pharaoh.  What the  go to him.
amount was for which they sold him    Naaman was informed of what the
we do not know, but it is quite prob- little girl said, and he determined to
able that they sold him  for much make application. lie did so, first to
more than they gave. Gen. xxxvii.  the king, and afterwards to Elisha, and
was cured.
Joca — IiThc f'in~ of.                 Thus we observe a little pious capJeohoram,. Jehoshaphat, and  the tivc maid, made instrumental in curing
king of Edomn were engaged in war her master of one of the most dreadfui
withl ICtesha the king of Moab.  The of all diseases, leprosy, and she was
~,,oabite army had been completely made an instrument,, we may suppose in
r-outed and his cities beaten down anct the conversion of this gireat man and
hs land ruined.  He became greatly his Syrian family.  They were broulht;,
discou raged and dwondered the cause we would suppose, all of them,  to a
of the fuccess of his enemies against knowledge of the truth and the true
hiii ln e  le beeame desperate in his God.
feelinkgs when he saw the probabilitiSe of h'a being captured, and he de-  Tatin — The Widow of.
term-ined if possible to make his es-   The record of this woman is in Luke,
cape.  Wfith  seven hundred of his vii: 11-15.  -er only son had clied,
cho:- ces  soldiers'he under-took  to and her numerous friends had gathbreak through that part of the line ored in to her desolate dwelling to conof the army,urrounding his city-  sole and coimfort her in the bereavef,;rmed by the Edowmites, but hle was ment..  "5 Ich1 people of the city was
repulsed and driven back.  He then  with her."  Froom  this circumstasce
as a last resort took his eldest son and iwe may judge she was a very reputable
cerecl  him as a burnt offering upon woman. She had erndeared herself to
the wall.  This was done we we may her acquaintances by her many excelsuppose in the sight of the besieging lencies, and they came together to symarmy, and it cdme, as a desperate act pathize withl her in the loss, and assist
of thel king of Moab, to the knowledge in burying the young man.
of the surroudtling nations, so that   The bier-bearers and mourners, and
there was great indignation against her numerous friends, had just plassed
Israel."   They consequently raised out of the gate of the city, going to the
the siege and dieparted fron the city graveyard, as Jesus approached Nain.
2d Kings, iii: 25, 27.                He knew the young man, and his relationship, as he knew all things. H-e
2caaman —  he cactive naid of.       looked upon the lone widow, now childThis captive umaid was one that had less, " and had compassion on her;"
been taken by a Syrian company from  and addressing himself to the woman.
an Israelite ihmily, cluring one of their lhe said, "Weep not."  An inquiry
expeditions in  eareih  of boot,. 2d was raised in this stricken woman as to
Kings v: 2. "And the Syrians had who it was that thus spoke; and her
gone out bl: comnanies and had brought numerous friends wondered with her
away captive, out of the land of Israel, who this man was that said, Weep
a little maid, and she ~waited on Naa- not. His voice and bearing indicated
man's wiGe."  This  tirile girl had been deep sympathy, but why did he give




APPE NDI X.                             499,such a command?  Could a woman,   True to the divine comm-nand, when
bereft as this widow was, refrain from  all things were ready Noah's wife and
weeping?  Her s o n, an honorable her tlhree daughters-in-law went with
young man, who she hoped would be their husbands into the ark, where
her stay in the decline of life, was dead, they remained until the waters were
and they were now about to bury him  assuaged, when, by the divine comfrom her sight                       mand, the women went forth with their
Leaving the side of the woman, who husbands from the ark nmder the diwas following the bier, he stepped for- vine promise that the world should not
Vward and touched it, thereby intima- again be deluged, and under the comting to the bier-bearers that they should nmand, " Be fruitful, and multiply and
stop.  They did so; and addressing replenish the earth."
himself to the dead young man, he   How long Noah's wife lived we do
said, "Young man, I say unto thee, not know; but he himself lived after
arise!" IHe had no sooner uttered this the flood three hundred and fifty years.
command, than the dead man sat up They were an aged couple when the
and began to speak.                 flood came, but the earth was peopled
What a wonderful sight I! A young by the descendants of their three sons.
man that was dead, being followed to The wives of Shem, Ham and Japheth
his grave by alarge concourse of friends lived, probably, to see their children
of h i s wicowed another, - suddenly and their child-en's children grow up
raised to life by the words of Jesus,- around them. We must think of these
sitting up on the bier before their eyes, women, as rwe think of their husbands,
then still further satisfying them that as being greatly honored of God, in
hle was alive by talk-ing to them as they linking the first great age of the family
gathered around him!                 of man, with the ages that have sueIt is worthy of remark that the sym- ceeded each  other since the flood.
pathizing Jesus did not require this Gen. vii.
young man, brought up fromt the dominions of death, to follow him in his Paul's Sister.
wanderings up and down in the world;   Whether she was living when he was
but " lie delivered him to his mother, " laboring and suffering in the cause of
-perm-ited him to go with her to her Christ, we do not know; but she was
home, and as a  ldutifl son minister to the mother of the young man who enher in her declining life. He had coin- tered into the castle where Paul was
passion on the widow, and restored her bound, and informed himn of the plot
son to life and to her society.      laid for his life. RPaul asked the centurion to introduce the young man to
Xoah's Wife and his Sons' Wtvqes.   the chief captain. He did so, and the
The names of these four women are plans of the council were thwarted.
not given; but it is a remarkable fact This young man was Paul's sister's son.
that the souls preserved in the ark were Acts, xxiii: 16.,eight-four of' them  being men and
four of them women. Noah and his Pharaoh's chief Bu.tler amnt Baker.
three sons, Shem, 1am, and Japheth,   These two men were in the prison
Noah's wife, and the wives of his three at the time Joseph was. They had
sons, were the source for re-peopling offended thie king of Egypt, and for
the earth; and may we not consider their offense, they were imprisoned,
the polygamy of Lamach, Noah's fa- while Potiphar, whose slave Joseph
ther, rebuked by this circumstance?    was, had been offended at him. The
God made known to Noah his inten- cause of the offense was a lie told by
tion to deluge the world, but bade him  Potiphar's wife to blast the reputabuild. an ark and take refuge with his tion of the faithful servant, bcause
wife his sons and their wives, in it, he would not accede to her wishes in
and he did.                          sinning against God as well as against
This wife of Noah was probably the his master. After these prisoners of
mother of the three sons, and was the Pharaoh had been awhile in prison,
eldest of the four women, which enti- they each dreamed a dream  during
tied her to the position of mistress of the same night, and in the morning
the family while in the ark.         were greatly troubled about the sig



500                           A P  E N DI Xo,
nifieance of their dreams.  Joseph showed the kig that the interpreta.
observed their state of mind.) and en- tion had been i'flfilled to the very
quired the cause.  They  answered letter.  This presentation of Joseph's
him  that they had each dlrealed a case to P h a r a o h, led him to send
dream, and desired an interpretation, hastily for Joseph, that he might
but knew not who to apply to, for, come before himn, and interpret hiis
said they, "there is no interpreter of dream.  Accoridingly the prisoner was
it."  Joseph then bade them tell himn  taken out of the dungeon; and arthe dream, and i n t i ml a t e d that he rayed in becovming attirel he appeared
would  give theim the interpretation before Pharaoh, and inlet his wisheso
thereof.  Accordimgly they each ie-. After which, in the stead of being related. to himn their dream, and le read- turned to his prison, he was promoted
ily, under ]Divine direction, interpre- over all othei officers in the land of
ted the dreams. In accordance with Egypt, being second only to the king
the interpretation of J o sel    i h, the hinmself. onesis xli.
chief baker, in three days, was taken
out of prison, condemned and hangedl;  id Pharaoh's Dcceier
and the chief buter in three days,    Was led by Divine Providenee, that
was taken out, and restored to his mneorable morning that Moses was
butlership.                          taken fromn the water, to pass down the
From. this we may judge the former river-bank, and observe the ark in the
was proved guilty of the crime, for flags by the brink, with the precious
which hlie was imprisoned, anud the treasure in it.  She exhibits the true
latter proved,. by evidence elicited at feelings oea true woman, when she hacd
the trial, innocent of' the crime laid compassion on the babe and said,
to lhis charge~o  Joseph. wihen he: in- "This is one of the Hebrews childcren.'
terpretcd the chief' bltler's dream.,   And when th e little -Tebrew girl
charged him, to remember himn when came lup) to her and said, "' $hall I golie was rest-ored to his butirship,    d a and call thee a nurse of the Helc1rew.
no doubt he promised to do so. And women, that she may nurse the childif lie had been faithful to his promise for thee?" she' said to her, go.  She
and spoken of Joseph  to the king, had probably given expressions of
there would have been an investiga- strong feeling for the babe, and hlacd
tion of the case, in all probability, made known a disposition to adopt the
and Joseph's prison. life wouldc have clil d, and raise it up in the court araid
ended. but he forgot his promise to the wealth and pleasures of royalty.
the sufferer, and bitterly reproached   Miriam  went and ealled the chiid's'
himself a ft e r w a r d s. Two years nmother, who was her own mnother, and:
passed away, and all that time, the Pharaoh's daughter placed the babe
chief butler enjoyed the honors of in her charge, bidding her nurse it for
his position as the cup-bearer of the her, and s he would p a y her wages
king. But at length Pharaoh dreamed That nother would have gladly nursed
a dream which greatly troubled him, the little, o ne without compenasation
and he sought an interpretation of from the roya Iladd.
his dream, but all in vain.  The'  It is thought that Pharaoh's daughEgyptian  magician  and wise man, ter did not acquiesce in the cruel edict
could not interpret it. Just at this of her father regarding the IHerew
point, the chief" butler renemmbered mnale children; and that af ter she resJoseph and his interpretation of his cued Moses she su.ceeedec in getting
dream, three  days before his head Pharaoh:to abolish the law. Whether
was lifted out of the prison.  And he this is true or not, it is clear that the
remembered his promise to Joseph, edict was not in force' long after Moses'
to speak of his case to the king'; but was savec..nHad it been in force many
two years -had passed away, and he years it is not likely that their maleshad failed —having., never yet men-'would have amounted' to the number
tioned his case. He made an humble of six hundred thousand effective mloen
acknowledgment of his fault in for- at the time' of their departure from
getting Joseph, and then related the Egypt, as they did.  Exodus, xii: 37.
circumstance of his dream, and of "Six hundred thousand on foot, thft
Joseph's interpretation.- of it andi he were m'en, besides children,"




APPENDI X.                              501
As soon as  Moses attained a proper being heathen.   D e u t. vii: 3-4.
age to begin a course of education, the " Neither shalt thou make marriage
nurse gave him to Pharaoh's daughter,; with -them; thy daughter thou shalt' and  he became her son."  His nurse, not give unto his son, nor his daughter
who wasv his own. mother, we may sup-' shalt thou take unto thy son; for they
pose, felt keenly when he passed fiom: will turn away thy son from following
her charge and became a member of mee"  Notwithstanding this law, and
the royal m1nilyg fohr her. love was, the its violation in this t case, there is no
love of a reail mother. It may be that very plain an d positive declaration,
Ph.araob"hs   daughter thought strange blaming him for this particular marrithai the Ttebrewi nurse should have be- age. Though when the cause of Solocome so strongly attached to the child, men's  apostacy is given, it is said "he
as h e r feelings seemed to indicate, loved many strange women, together
-when she parted with him. And we with the daughter of ]Phara6h."
almnost wish that the royal lady had   This woman, it is likely was, as is
lnowar the relation her adopted  son suppose, very handsoite, and:Solomon'sustained to the nurse r. e.But that became strongly attached to her. He
]knowledge might have snapped a link, kept her in the city of David all the
and so broaken the chain of dixvine prov- time he was building his house, and the
Jde nces in the history of him who was house of the Lord. tIe bestowed honor
to figure as tihe emancipator of a down- upon her beyond what he bestowed on
trodden race.                        any other of his wives. lHe built what
Pharaoh's daughter gave this _He- is called his own house, the house of
brew boy his name, and gives the rea- the forests of Lebanon, and a house
ron why the name is settled upon him. especially for Pharaoh's daughter. 1est
*  And she called his name Moses: and Kings, vii: 8. A.nd we learn from lst
she said because I drew him out of ithe Kings, ix: 24, that Solomon's wife,
water.  She'had him placed under the Pharaoh's daughter, came'up aut of:care of competent'educators for we -are the city of David unto the house which
2nformeLd by Sain.t Stephea that' Mo- had been built for'her.  It seems to
ses wa's learne  in3.all the wis-dom of the have been a separate'house, and built,Egyyptians, and was nighty in words specially for her, because she was a woand in deeds."                     n'man of another nation.  In 2d -Chron.
Ve are:not informed as to how long viii' 8-11, it is said,  "Solomon
she lived: or as to how strong her at-l brought up the daughter of'Pharaohl
-tachments were for her adopted son, out of t le city of David,. unto the
[out we nay suppose she looked with a" house'he had built forher.; for'he said,
degree of motherly pride upon him, as' 1y wife shall not dwell in the house of
1is mind was developed, and he at- David, k i n g of Israel, because the
tained posiion as a scholar. Ex. ii.   places are holy whereunto the ark of
the:Lord  aith -come."
Plcharaoh's cDaughter. i- fe oqf SoL   And yet it is supposed, that this'wife
onion.                           of Solomon, represents the'church in
It is said, in Ist Kings, iii: 1, "Sol- the Canticles, or "Songs of:Solonmon.",omen made affinity with Pharaoh, kingo She is thought to be the spouse, and
of' Egypt, and toookPharaoh'sdaughite  the ardent love of:Solomon,for her,
and brought her unto the city of David, was that lwhich led to the sublime exuntil'hie had mrade an end of building pressions that we have thei-e, showing
h-s own house, and the house.of the forth the glory of the dhurch and the
Lord, and the wall of Joerunsalem round strong love of her head ibr her.
-about.9"  It was'not long after Solomon   How long she lived we do not know,
began his reign, that lie -entered into but we may suppose from the history.an alliance with  the'king ao  Egypt, of this king;and his kingdom, that
probably'with a view to strengthening their union was pleasant, and possibly,
his own kingdom, and'in order to make politically advantageous.
the alliance permanent, he took Plla-;raoh s daughter to wife. It is quite Phinletchas- WVife of.
Idoubtful whether he was justifiable in   Phinehas was the son of Eli, the
this marriage, since the law regarding priest. I-e fell in the.battle with the
enarriage,.ws,assuredly against it, she Philistines, with his brother EHophni.




502                           APPENDIX.
When t h e intelligence  reached t h e unmarried  and endowed  with t h e
venerable Eli, that the battle had.gone spirit of prophecy.  The miraculous
against Israel, that his two sons were gius of the spirit were comlmunicated
killed, and that the arki of God was to themn.  How  extensively  thley
taken, he was overcome with grief, and; labored we do. not know, for we heau
fiflling back fronm his seat, he broke his nothing more of them.
neck, or dislocated it by the fall and so
died.                                 Pt.ophet —   iRC70dow of the.
Thei wife of Phinehas~ heard the: sor-   She is brought to our view in 2d
rowful tidings, and was deeply affected. Kings, iv: 1.   Which one- of the'
And being near the time of delivery, prophets she was the widow of it is
the defeat of Israel, the death of heri not certainly known, but it is confather-in-law, and of her husband, and jectured she was the widow of Obathe capture, en the part of the enemy, dciah. She was sorely oppressed by a
of the ark, was more than she coulcd merciless  reditor and applies in her
bear, and the pains of'travail came upon extrenity to the prophet Elisha for
her.                                  counsel and' advice.   She conmes to
As she was about closing her eyes in him to pour out the sorrows of her~
death, they told her, "thou hast borne'soul, and tell him heir griesf. "The
a son; but shle answered not, neither creditor- is coime to take unto hilm my.
did she regard it."' Ist Sam. iv: 20. two sons to bebondlen."  This was
Before she died, she named the child, more thaln she could endure, and she
"'Ichabod,' signifying, " where is thle came as the wife' of' a prophet to hil.
glory."' She gave the name, and then who Lad been acquainted with hersignified its import;' The glory is de- husband andd  is faithful service beparted' fronm  Iisrael"  Likle Eli, her fore he died. Elisha felt for heie aind
father-in-law, she felt for her people'at once entered' upon a plani of reliefand for the cause of God, and mourned I- e asked, "what hast thou in the,
that the ark was taken.  No wonder house."  She informed himi that she
she said, "'The glory is departed,"' for'was reduced to. such extreme povercy
Israel's enemies had triumphed over' that- she had nothing "save a pot of
themz. The priests w ere slain, the oil."'"  He then bade her go borrowchief magistrate was dead, and the ark empllty vessels, as many as she convewith its sacred deposits, was in the'niently' could, and take them into her'
hands of'the uncircu'meised.          house and pour' out the oil in her'vessecl into one,. and another of those
Philip- T7le Four'I Daughters of      she borrowed and set aside those that
It was Philip the Evangelist of were full.  She aeccoringly did as he,
whomi wse hLtve an interesting account had bidden her and all the vessels shein Acts, viii: 5, 13.  He was instru- had  borrowed  were filled.   T h e,
me n t aI in the conversion of the prophet then bade her sell the oil and'
Eunuch as is presented in': Acts viii: pay the debt, and' Iive herself'and her'
26-40, inclusive.                     children of the rest.
It seerms tlat hlie lived'at Cesarea;:
for when Paul and his friends left Pmtiel-Daugh/ter of.
MIiletus, touching at Patara, Tyre andcl    Was the: wife  of Eleazar, the son
Ptolenais, they arrived' at Cesareal and successor of Aaron to the offiee
and entered into Philip's house, Acts, of the high priesthood. She was the'
xxi  8' and we entered into' the mother of Phinehas, who performed
house of Philip the Evangelist, which a very' dlaring and yet honorable actwas one of the seven and ab-ode with for' it was the occasion of turning
him.  And the same man had four away the divine wrath floni Israel —
daughters, virgins, -which did proph- God: approved of it and pledged hinicoy." These four daughters of Philip self' to prosper Phinehas and his poshad enjoyed from: their infancy his terity.  The. circumstance is related",
counsels and advice —and they had in Numn. xxv: I-S2
been blessed with the exemplary life
of: their'fther who was fully devoted' Pot'ijhar's WVife.
to God and his cause., and was a sue-   Potiphar was ~oseph's master. He
eesfu:l' Evangelist   They werez all, had bou'ght him: of' the Ishmaelites,




APPENDIX.                                503
who brouglh-t himl down into Egypt. mlelnt and enraptured with its beauty and
The wife of Potiphar then was his excellence. Assoonassherecovered, she
mistress, and while Joseph, "who acknowledged to the king, that her exwas agoodlyperson and well flavored," pectations were more than met.'It
Gen. xxxix: 7, was performing faith- was a true report that I heard in mine.
fully the duties imposed upon him by own land, of thine acts, and of. thy
his mnLaster, she laid a trap to ensnare wisdom."  She acknowledged that behim; but fortunately, the moral good- fore she left home she thought the reness of the young Israelite, with the ports exagerated, she did not believe
favor of the God in whom he trusted, the words. But now  that she had
enabled him to shun the snare. He come and seen for herself she was satistrusted in God, and the darts which fied that the half was not told her. Her
were hurled at him  fell harmless at judgment is that his wisdom and glory,
his feet.  It was not simply a snare far exceed what she had heard.  She
set for once, to be removed by this ga-e a very natural expression of her
woman if she was unsuccessful and fbelings when she said, "Happy are
never set again; but day after day his thy men, happy are these thy servants
virtue was tried and proven, until the which stand continually before thee, and
wife of Potiphar brought a false charge hear thy wisdom,"  and she followed
against him  to her husband, and she this expression with  language, that
presented what she was pleased to would have done honor to the head or
call the proof of the truth of her heart of an Israelite anywhere in the
charge, "the garment that she had kingdom of Solomon.  1st Kings, x: 9.
laid by until his lord came home."    She made a present to King Solomon
Potiphar heard the charge, and saw  of a hundred and twenty talents of
the proof that she presented —was gold which was notl; less it is thought
very angry at Joseph and cast hirm than four or five millions of dollars, beinto prison, where he remained until sides spices of great value, and precious
he was c a   lled on to interpret the stones.
dream  of Pharaoh, when he was pro-   So great a king as Solomon, would
moeted to great honor. His trust in not receive such  a present'without
the God of his fathers and his integ- giving as great presents in  turn.
rity were rewarded. Gen. xxxix.       What it was that he presented her with,
we do not know, but we are informed
Queen of ASheba,                     tlhat he gave her all her desire, everyWe have an account of the visit of thing that she asked, Solomon gave
this royal lady to Solomon, and the ef- unto her, and she returned to her own
feet that her visit had, in 1st Kings, x. country, much gratified with her visit
She had heard of his fame and came to the King of Israel.
fronm the far south country to see his
wisdoml  and his wealth. She came Reztel-the Seven Dau2ghters of.
with many h-ard questions if possible to   They were young women at the time
puzzle him, to perplex him, and baffle I oses went to the land of Midian, and
his slill in answering questions.  She were probably in charge of their fabeheld  the teimple and its worship, ther's flock.  The future emancipator
Solomon's own house, the house of the of Israel saw these seven daughters at
forests of Lebanon, and the house of the well where they were accustomed
his E3gyptian wife.  She beheld the to water their fatheir's flock.  As he
magnificence and order of Solomon's sat down by the well to rest and recourt, of his table, and his attendants, fresh himself, he saw them  approach
and their apparel, and the ascent or and fill the troughs with water that the
steps by which he went up unto the flocks imight drink.  But there were
house of the Lord, and she fainted. shepherds near by who drove away
She was a woman of great taste, or she Reuel's flock, and endeavored to get:
would not have come from a far country the advantage of the young women's
to see for herself the glory of Solomon labor by having their own flocks drink
and his kingdom. But when she saw it, the water which was in the trougns.
like an artist viewing an exquisitely fine  lIoses saw their insolence, and imarle-.
painting from the hand and brush of diately tool the part of the young we oanother, she was struek with astonish- men and drove the shopherds away, or




504                           APPENDIX.
at least drove away their flocks, so that property.  This he was unwilling to
Reuel's daughters succeeded in water- do; probably because he had a, wife
ing theirs sooner than usual; and when and did not desire another, and, as
they returned home, their father ques- Boaz had none,'he advised him  to
tioned them  as to the cause of their make the purchase.  1He said:  "I
early return home. They then related can not redeem  it for myself, lest I
the incident that had transpired of the  mar mine own inheritance. Receem
Egyptian helping them, and he sent thou my right to thyself, for I can not
them immediately after him to invite redeem it."  Accordingly Boaz coinhim into their house, and to eat bread plied with the requirements of the
with theim.                          law, and, in the presence of the elders
Moses was accordingly invited by the of Israel, married Ruth in purchasdaughters of Reuel, and became at once ing the land. Ruth, iv.
one of the family, and was married to
Zipporah, who was, it is likely, iReuel's Scmnria — WTon6an of, in exremity.
eldest daughter.  Of the names of the   This woman came to the king as we
other six daughters we are not in- learn fronz 2d Kings, vi: 26, for help.
formed.  Ex. ii: 16-21.              One of the most terrible calamities
that ever befel any city in a famine,
Rutfis —the iMobther o.             had befallen Samaria.  The woman
RULfus was a chosen man in the in the hours of starvation had assoLord, or a choice man, and his ciated with another woman who had
mothLer was a noted Christian womian, a son, who had in all probability like
who is saluted by the apostle in clos- her son died but a little later of staring his Epistle to the Romans. Romn. vation. They had boiled and eaten
xvi: 13: "Salute Rufus, chosen in her son, and her associate had pledged
the Lord, and his mlothei and mine." herself, the next day to boil and eat
By this we j u d g e that this good hers; but whenl the time arrived and
wolman, who was the natural mother hunger pressed  thenm, and she deof tRufus, had been as a mother to Ioanded the fulfiluient of the promise,
Paul.  Hie remenibered her kindness the other womian  refused, and she
andc  motherly affection, and in this eanme with her complaint to the king,
epistle mnakes a record of it.       "Help uy lord, O king!"  The king
asked her what vwas the complaint.
Rt h-t-he K~insnbzca of             She then told the horrible tale. The
Boaez sat down in the gate of the king was deeply distressed but coutld
city of Bethlehenm, the morning aft-er render her no relie.r
his intimacy with Ruth had ripwened
into thloughts of marriage, and the SaC1aric, -  rWom0a of, zt hcob's stell.
nea r kinsman of Elimelech passed   This wo0man lived in Sychar, a city
along. Re invited himn to sit down of Samaria,  near to Jacob's well.
near him, for he had a matter to prc- John, iv: 7. Jesus had left Judea to
sent to him.  Accordingly he sat go into Galilee, because of the opposidown, "and lie said unto him, Naomi, tioni and persecution he iet with
that has come again out of the coun- there. And as the road from Judea
try of Moab, selleth n pareel of land, to Galilee passed through Samlaria, it
which was our brother Elimelech's." was a travel of two or three days;
1I now propose to you, as the nearest and when he reached Sychar, being
kinsman, to buy the laud and let the fatiguedl with his travel, he stopped
inhabitants and elders of Israel be for awhile to rest.  It was a b o ut
-witnesses to the purclhase; but if you noon, being the sixth hour.  This,do not desire it, t1hen I will buy it. may account for his fatigue, for his,He discovered that the right belonged thirst, and also his hunger, for while
to him, and, not knowing that there lhe sat on Jacob's well th.e disciples
were any other conditions in it, he were gone to the city to buy food.
a.greed to buy it. Boaz then informed   Whiile he was there alone, musing,
himi that there was a young widow, this woman of Samaria canme to dr1aw'whose nanle was [Ruth,'that had an water fronm the well. This was a
interest in the land, and he must take common employment of females. As
her as a wife with the purchase of the the woman came to the well, and was




APPENDIX.                                 505
probably in the act of drawing the plainer as he says, " whosoever drinkwater,:esus said to her: " Give  e eth o- this water shall thirst again;
to drink,"  She was very much aston- but whosoever shall drink  of the
islhed that he shoulc maake this re- water that I3 shall give him  shall
quest of her as she saw he was a Jew  never thirst —it shall be in him, a
and knew that the Jews andl- Samari- well of water springing up into evertans had no dealings-and she ven- lasting life."  At this language the
tured to express her astoni;shment to wonuman was astonished.  There was
the stranger; " I-ow is it that thou something uncommon in the manner
being a Jew, askest drink of me who  of the pers on who was teaching her
amn a woman of Sanmria?"   S he and in the instruction itself. She excould not undcerstand why it was that presses her ignorance by saying, "Sir
this man could so fr forget the pro- give me this water that I thirst not,
judiees of the Jews to the Samari- neither conle hither to draw."  She
tans as to ask a'alvor of her.  The was ignorant yet of the Lord's meananswer that Christ g-ave  her was in  bng. but her curiosity was excited and
keeping with his teaching to others. she made this request.
Ie turrued the circumstance of her   Jesus thenl began to develop his
drawing water from the well- and his character  by letting her know that
askilng her for drink to spiritual use, thougn  hbe was a stranger to her she
just as he did thbe important circuni- was not a stranger to him.  He bade
stance of the priests' bringing water her go call her husba-nd.  The object
from the pool of Siloam to use in the I e had ia view evidently in mlaking
temple service, on the 1'st great day this  demand was to lead her to cono-f' the feast of Pentecost:  " If any sider her state, and to satisfy her that
man thi'rst let hin c iome unto  e  nd   e knw  her heart, and had. been
drink."  Jesus said to her, " If thou  Caimlmiliar with the actions of her lifeknewest the ilft of Cod and who it is she said,       have no husband."  He
that saith to thee, give me to drink, with whom  she was talking  said,
thou wouldst haurve asked of him  and "Thou Iast well said I have no hus.lie would  have  given  thee  lvinl, blind;  for thou h lst ]ld five hluswater."  The,avwor th.us reopresents band"s,, andIl he whomu thou now hast is
salvation.  The Holy  spirit in its not thy htsband."   It is probable
saving influences on the heart, andc as that the wormlan  was engaged to be
water quenches the toirsti nd invigo- mlarried but the matter was not yet
rates the body — o he taurght lher that consumnmated.  The womsan was very
the grace of God colmlunicaeted by strongly imapressecd  with  these facts
the Holy spirit in salvationl, qclenches  conming frosm  one who was a stranger
the thirst of the soul —and invigo- Lo her, and she concluded he was a
rates the spiritual ilman for the work prophet, and hence capable of decidof its high calling.                   ing the question in dispute between
But the woman of tS maria. did not thie Jews,nld the Samaritans as to the
understand the meaning of the Savior proper place of worship.  The Jews
-she did not grasp the great spiritual said Jeru.satllem  was the place.  The
truth that was being impartecld-ancl  Sanmaritans say,   this mountain,"
she expressed her ignorance by saying, probably mseaning MIt. Gerizimn, which
Sir thou hbast nmothing to draw with, was near to Sychar. Jesus thus conand tlme well is deep.   She saw that tinnued his teaching, making spiritual
he had no bucket and cord fastened worship the topic.  " W/oman believe
to it with whilC  to reach tlme water, Ime the hour comleth when ye shall
and she said, "'from whence then hast. neither in this mountain, nor yet at
thou this living water?"  She thought Jerusalem  worship the father.  But
that he was assunming in this reason the hour cometh and now is, when
which she did not understand, some- tile true worshipers shall worship tIle
thing imore than he should, hence she father in spirit and in truth."  I-le
said,   Art thou greater than  our declared to her the corruption of worfather Jacob, which gave us this well, ship among the Sanmaritans —while
and drank thereof himself and his the Jews continued to sacrifice only
children, and his cattle?  Jesus then according to the law —and he deteeches the spiniual lesson a little clares to her that the Messiah is to




506                           APPENDIX.
come of the Jews. At this declara- woman and alone, she was by no
tion of Chiist she exp;ressed her faith imeans alarmned at the strangely gloriin the collling Messiah. When Jesus ous visitant.  There the angel stood
honored her by declaring most plainly before her, and asked for her attenth a't he was the Messiah;    he had tion to the message he had brought:
never spoken in s u c h direct terms " Behold, now, thou shalt bear a son."
even to his disciples, concerning him- She felt in her heart that this mesself, before. The woman was so fully sage was from God. No sooner was
convinced that he was the Miessiah she left alone, than, with a joyfiul
that she left her water pot at the well heart, she went in search of her husand went into the city and reported band and related to him the appearit. If she did not boldly declare that anee and language of the angel.
he was the Christ, she told them that   Manoah listened with astonishment
this person knew  the s ee r e t s of and expressed a desire for the reaphearts, for he had told her all things pearance of the angel.  I-Ie saild:
that ever she did.  They knew that "~0, nay Lord, let the man of God,
that was to be one of' the character- which thou didst send, come again
istics of Christ, and she said, after unto us and teach us what we shall
making her report: "':,s not this the do unto the child that shall be born
Christ?"                             unto us. " This prayer was heard, for,
This wonman becamle, after this, a while his wife was sitting in the field
preacher of Christ.  She spo k e of -probably where the angel appeared
him  confidently to her friends and lunto her before, and it may be she
associates, and many of theni, because was earnestly asking for the re-apof her words, b e lieve d on him. pearance of the angel that her husThose of the Saamnaritans who be- band, who had loved her so long and
lieved in Christ onl her testimnony, so ardently, might be faully satisfied
besought himn that he vwould  tarry as to the truth of what she had coinwith them, and lhe did, two days, and municated —the m e s s e n g e r re-apmany others believed.  "And they peared.  A   s o o n as she saw  the
said unto the woman, Now we believe angel, she ran hastily to where her
not because of thy saying, for we have husband was and inlformed him, and
heard him  ourselves and know that the two together caome into his presthis is indeed the Christ, the Savior ence. Manoah, mustering all thq
of the world."  John, iv: 42.        courage he could command, addressed
himself to the angel:  "Art thou the
$Scmcson-th~7 Jffother of,           man that spakest unto the woman?
The nanme of this celebrated woman and he said, I am."
is not known, but her son was the   The  aind of Manoah was clear,
greatest prodigy of human strengthl and he asked a repetition of the inever born.  Manoah, her husband, struction given the woman regarding
was a great and good man, and is sup- the child, intending to see that they
posed to have occupied a high posi- were carried out.  Accordingly the
tion in the countr.y, and to have had angel reiterated so far as was necesa strong hold upon the feelings of the sary, so that Mlanoah understood it.
people of Israel.                    They then desired the angel to perSamison's mother is said to have imit them  to detain himl awhile that
been celebrated f'or her beauty, moral they might give expressions of their
excellence, and her great devotion in regards in a repast, and that the anthe service of God; and there are gel might partake of their hospitality.
but few who have been honored more He agreed to tarry awhile and observe
of God. She was visited by the an- their devotions while they offered a
gel of the Lord and informed that she burnt offering to God. Here, in the
should be the mlother of a son, who history of this good woman, a sublime
should be a Nazarite unto God fiom  scene bursts upon our view. In comhis birth, and should commence the pany with her husband sche prepared
deliverance of lsrael from the hand the offering, and they brought it into
and power of the Philistines.        the presence of the angel and offered
She was alone when the angel ap- it unto God; "and the angel did wonpeared to her; but though a timid drously."  It may be that when the




APPENDIX.                               507
two placed their offering upon the Scanson-Thze Fitrst Wife of.
rock, which served them as an altar,   She was a woman of Timnath, with
the angel bade them stand back while whom Samson had fallen in love while
he performned the part in their devo- at this frontier town of the Philistines.
tions he determined to perform; and, HIe went to his father and mother and
when he approached their sacrifice, told them  of this woman, and of his
he touched it. As a consequence, the having meditated marriage with her.
rock split, and, like the crater of a And he said, Judges xiv: 2:  "Get
burning mountain, sent up a volume her for me to wife."  His parents ohof flame. That flame enveloped the jected to it, they were devoted to God
sacrifice and began to consume it. As and law-abiding-and moreover fromn
the flamle burned on, the angel of the the birth of Samson they had looked
Lord entered it, and, amid its curl- anxiously upon him and they thought
ings, ascended to FHeaven whence he of the declarations of the angel who
came. On beholding the wondrous didcl "wondrously."  They ventured to
departure of the angel, the two were expostulate with him, "Is there never
st-Lruck with solemn awe; and, mlin- a woman among the daughters of thy
gled with the reverence of  [alanoah,l brethren, or among all my people,
werse fear -,and a:larm lest he should that thou goest to take a wife of the
die, having seen "an angel of the tribe of the uncircumcised PhilisLord." Addressing his wife, he said: tines."  Samson seemed to be some" We shall s ur ely die, because we i what impatient and dissatisfied at the
have seen God."                      counsel of hi, parents, for he said,
Hlere again we observe excellencies " Get her for me, for she pleaseth me
in this good woman. She was as well."   This seemled to be enougn,
calm  as a summer evening. In her they saw he was determined to imarry
heart she had a consciousness of di- the woman, and no, longer tried to
vine approbation.  Addressing h e r disuadce him; had they known that'husband, she said:   "If the Lord Samnson's choice was of the Lord they
were pleased to kill us, he would not would have made no effort to stop
have r e  i ve d an offering at our him.
hands. Fire would not have come   Not long after this Salson's father
from  that rock and consumled our and motlher went witfh him to Timsacrifice; neither w o n I d the Lord nath; they had an interview with the
have told us such things as he has woman concerning the matter of her
revealed."  As though she had said: marriage with their son. The esponHlow can we fear when God has mani- sals were made, and about a year after
fested his love in an swe ri ng our this Samson married 1hel.  On the
prayers and giving us the promise of day of the marriage he made a feast.
a son, with  instructions as to his In the midst of the ceremonies of
training? Surely, she said: "If i the feast he put forth a riddle to his
God had determined not to extend thirty companions, with a promise to
mnercy to thee, he would not have give them  thirty sheets, and thirty
dealt. thus kindly."  This was cer- changes of garments if they would
tainly most excellent reasoning, and declare it-while they obligated themno wonder if his fears were at once selves if they failed, to give him the
allayed.                             same number.  They had the seven
Samson was born, and his mother clays of the feast to expound the ridfollowed faithfully the instructions dle; but the seventh day caine and
of the angel regarding him. Ancl in they were yet in the dark as to its
very early life, while yet at home with meaning.  They had gone to Samhis mnotlher, he was at times moved by son's wife and asked her to confer
the spirit of God, and his desires of with her husband and find it out, and
delivering his country began to be they threatened if she did not do it
developed.  She lived to see him  they would burn her and her father's
rnom his first unhappy marriage, for, house with fire.  She entreated Samin company with her husband, she son with tears to tell her the riddle,
procured Samson the woman as his he made objections to telling her, but
wife; and how  long after this she she continued to press him until he
lived we know not.                   told her, and she went and told those




508                          APPENDIX.
who had made the threat, and so for and, during the quarrel, the Egyptothe time being saved the life and prop- Israelite " blasphemed the name of
erty of her father's family. Just be- the Lord, and cursed."  What his
fore the sun went down the seventh blasphemy and cursing consisted in
dcay, they came to Samson with the we do not certainly know. It may be
solution, and Samuson saw at once that in the use of the name Jehovah, that;
they had procured it from  his wife. the Jews held impious to pronounce,
I-e charged them with taking a dis- or it may be in the use of some name
honorable course, and charged his that designated an Egyptian deity or
wife with proving unfaithful to him. a false god.  Whatever it consisted
This seems to have been partly the in it was a high crime, an d they
occasion of his leaving his wife for a brought him  immediately to'loses,
time-and it was the occasion of his who put him under guard until the
slaying thirty men at Ashkelon, that he Divine Will might be ascertained.
might meet the obligation of giving Moses, therefore, applied to God for
them thirty sheets and thirty changes instructions to govern him  in t hi s
of garments. It is doubtful whether case. The Lord bade Mloses have
Samson's wife was as blameable as ihim brought without the camp and
many suppose.  She was threatened let all the witnesses place their hands
with death and the destruction of her on his head, while the congregation
ifather's house if she did not make stoned him to death. It was accordknown to them the riddle. Is it to be ingly done, and all Israel was charged
wondered at, that she preferred to to look upon this case as a warning to
bring her husband under this obliga- others, for it was declared that whotion Irather than endure the alternative. soever cursed his God shall bear his
And may we not suppose that Sam- sin, and he t h a t blasphemeth the
son afterwards looked over this con- name of the Lord shall surely be put
duct, for he visited his wife with a to death —the stranger who is incorpresent; but to his astonishment he porated with Israel, as well as he who
ifund that his wife was given to anl- is born in the Land. Leviticus, xxiv;
other. His association with her was 10-16I
at ani end —for she was the wife of
another man.  Samson felt he was Simnon,'s wife's,motlher.
wronged,,and he avenged his wrongs   We know nothing  more of this woby burning the corn of the Philistines. man than is related in l Matthew, viii:.And they avenged this act of his by 15, and its parallel passages, Mark,
burning his wife and her father with i: 30, and Luke, iv: 38.  It would
fire, or it may be they did this cruel seem  that Peter was then a young
deed thinking it would please Sam- married man, and this woman lived
son whom they had begun to fear.    with him.  She may have been a
Samson's wife enjoyed his company widow, and Peter's wife may have
but little for they were together but been her only daughter, with whom,
one week, and nearly all through that after the n a r r i a g e, she made her
week she was in dread lest she should home. The Savior performed a noted
not find out the riddle. She was the mirjcle in healing her.  He went
wife of his companion only a short into Simnon's house, and this woman
time when she was cruelly put to was laying sick with a fever.  We
death.                              suppose it was a very severe attack of
a fever common to tlhat cliuate, and
jSlelonithl-the Son of.             to those t i m e s.  Luke calls it a
This young man was of the tribe "great fever."  By this, we may unof Dan so far as his mother was con- derstand it was a s e v e r e case, in
cerned, but his father was an Egyp- which all the means that had been
tian. The young man seems to have used, had proved ineffectual.
been recognized among the Israelites,   Jesus cured her of the fever inand allowed a home and reckoning stantly. He approached her, "touched
with them, notwithstanding his father her hand, anct the fever left her."
was of another nation.              The cure was not wrought slowly,
For some cause or other he was and by a use of the means that were
engaged in strife with an Israelite, ordinarily brought to bear in such




APPENDIX.                               509
cases.  It was not produced in the to herself that soon he would coime
course of nature, or by m-neans of med-  decked and adclorned as a great cons
icine, b-4t immediately upon Christ queror.  This language of Deborah
touching her hand,, she was restored is a beautiful representation of the
to health and strength, insomuch that anxiety and impatience of the mother
she set herself at once to preparing a of Sisera ait his delay; andc it shows
repast for them, and after she had how exceedingly sanguine she was of
prepared it, she served them while at his success.  Soon w.e many suppose
mleat: "'Arose and ministered unto she heard of the defeat of Jabin's
~theml."'                            army; of the flight of Siserna her son,
the general, and of his cruel death in
alutnamite wooman.                   the tent, as lie sup p os e d, of a
[See history of Elishal]           friend.
Siserctr-thoe ]Jother of.             Tek7ociht-the swise Womcan of
We have no account of this woman.   Tekoah was a little city in the tribe
save in the song of Deborah and Ba- of Judah, not many miles fronm Jerurak.  Judges  v: 28-30.  Her son salem. This wise woman lived there
was at the head of the army of Jabin, in widowhood. Joab the general of
king of Canaan. And when he went David's army, selected her to be the
to fight with Israel near It. Tabor, bearer of a fictitious story to t he
shle was elated with the idea of his kling, the. object of which was to insuccess.  And when she saw  him  duce David to send to Geshur for
seated in his war chariot at thle head Absalom, his son, who bad be c n
of tile nine hundred iron chariots of there from  the time he killed Amhis king, she felt proud of him as her non, his brother. 1er story, as reson.  And we mlay judge from  De- corded in 2d Sam. xiv: 4-20, is a very
borah's description that she fully ex- ingenuous one.  Whcether Joab) had
petecl  Sisera woutld soon re t u r n anything to do with the formation of
flushed withl victory.  But how was it, or not, we do not know. He probshe mistaken. While she sat in her ably had not. He knew her as'a
own room, or stood at the window of wise woman; he knew her as a widow,
her apartLment eagerly looking in the as a woman of sufficient years to give
direction of the battle-field, and ex- her application soime weight'with the
pecting all the time to see the war- king. Her wisdoin was brought into
chariot of Sisera and the victorious exercise in framing her story  so
general approaching, victory had gone that the king could not divine her
against her king and her son, and so intention until she had concluded it.
complete had been the victory for Is-   She came to king David under the
rael that there was not a Canaanitish direction of Joab, feigning to be a
chariot but had been taken in war, mourner, clothed in habiliments suitand there was not a single soldier of able for a m ourner, and, witih unSisera's vast army to bring the news dressed hair, she stood in the presto her of their defeat. Her son was once of the king to make her plea.
probably the only one that escaped H-aving s e cnr d the attention of
the slaughter of the battle-field, and David, she did the obeisancO in his
he escaped to die by the hand of a presence that was common in those
woman, viz: Jael, the wife of Heber. days for any one approaching a ruling
Deborah represents Sisera's mother as ionarch w i t h a request. But she
looking out at the window, and crying followed her act of obeisance with the
through the lattice: " Why is h i s significant address made in m u c h
chariot so lo n g in coming?  Why earnestness: " elp, 0 King!" 1J   r
tarry the wheels of his chariot?"  appearance  and this earnest appeal
Her attendants witnessed her anxiety affected him, and he said:  "What
and answered her. She received their aileth thee?" As though he had said,
answers and adds to them. She tries I am. ready to h e a r your request;
to satisfy herself in her anxiety by make it at once. Seeing that the way
supposing that Sisera had had the was open, she related the fact of her
victory, and was tarrying to divide widowhood:  "I y husband is dead."
and enjoy the spoils, and she fancied She then related a feigned story as to




510                           APPENDIX.
two sons, one of whom had slain the exile in Geshur. David felt the force
other-(or possibly it was a fact in oftlhis reasoning, and he determnined to
her family history)-and t h a t the send for Absalorn.  As soon as the wowhole family had risen against the man, had closed her application and
one who had slain his brother, and acknowledged that the hand of Joab
assumed the position of avengers of was in it, she left the king's presence
blood; and they  demanded of her and probably went to her home in Tethat he be given up that he too may koalh, while Joab received the order to
be slain. The consequence will be, send for Absalom and bring him home
she adds, if this son be slain the heir again.
will be cdestroyed; my coal will be
quenched, and my departed husband  TWoman diseased twelve years.
will have none left to perpetuate his   We have an account of this woman,
name; my family will be extinct.     and her case and her cure, in Mark, v:
This was a very touching plea to 25-34. For twelve years she had sufKing David, and his mind was made fered from this disease, which was of
up at once to attend at least to her such a character that it excluded her;case. He said: " Go to thine house. from  the teo  pl e and its services.
I will give charge concerning thee." She was not permitted to associate with
But the woman continued her plea: her former friends, or mix in the con" My Lord, 0 King, the iniquity be gregation of Israel.  She had been unon me and on my father's house, and der the treatment of physicians. They
the King and his throne be guiltless." had spent their skill, and failed to efAs though she had said, ILf thou art feet a cure, and she had reduced herafraid that the honor of thy throne self to poverty, "spent all she had."
will be tarnished or thine administra- The disease w a s constantly growing
tion of justice questioned, if my son is worse. and she felt herself to be in exnot brought to punishment, I and my tremity.
father's family will endure all the   Having heard of Jesus, and of the
blame.                               miraculous cures he had performed,
This had the effect to bring the king she greatly desired to see him, and
a little nearer to the point she desired, make application for help in her case.
but yet he did not commit himself, and And the day that Jairus found him and
there was no solemn pledge or promise was conducting him to his house, she
that proceedings should be stopped in heard of him, and saw the crowd gaththe case of her son. She made one ered about him. She came up to the
more plea, in all the earnestness of her company, and very earnestly desiring
soul, which was effectual. She referred to p r e s e n t her case to him, she
David to the mercy of God, manifested determined on an effort to get to him.
when it was sought earnestly.  She B u t there were serious difficulties in
prayed him to show mercy promptly, the way. She was a lone woman —
lest it might be too late. The avengers emaciated and feeble, and the crowd
of blood might do their work —then the was great. I-ow could she secure a
case would be hopeless.  My son is in position near enough to him to secure
imminent danger now, 0 king! render his attention, a n d even if she could
me help. David was so affected that ido that, how could she represent her
he gave her the promise, under the so- case to this great curer. Her faith in
lemnity of an oath, that her son's life Christ's ability was strong, and moved
should be preserved.                 by it she said, "If I maty but touch
Having brought the king to this his clothes, I shall be whole."  It is
point, she made her plea plainly in be- not necessary that I represent the case
half of Absalom. She showed, in a to him. He will understand it if I can
very forcible manner, how, if the king only get near enough to him to touch
will deliver from death one of his sub- him. So saying, she began t o press
jects-a young man who had slain his her way through the crowd, and sucbrother-he was certainly to blame in ceeded, at last, in getting near enough
not delivering his own son, who had to him to put forth her hand and touch
committed a like act in slaying Armnon. him. No sooner had she done this
She plead with the king to bring the than the disease was cured. She, who
young prince from his banishment his had "suffered many things of many




APPENDIX.                               511
physicians," and was not cured, was procured the precious and costly ointnow made whole, instantly, by the great ment with her own means, and eviphysician.  What joy must have filled denced, in uting it thus, her strong
this woman's heart, as she realized she attachmlena  for, and her love to Christ.
was healed of "';that plague," and that She was highly commended by the
the way was being opened for her to re- Savior for this act, and Simlon was
turn to the temple, and, after an ab- mildly reproved for his want of coursence of twelve years, enjoy its privi- tesy in Tailing to procure water to
leges.                               wash his feet.  He failed to treat the
Jesus knowing that virtue had gone Savior as guests were usually treated.
out of him, that a cure had been per- "I entered into thine house, thou
formed in the case of this woman-  gavest me no water for my feet; but
in order to bring out her acknowledge- she hath washed my feet with her
ment, and commend her for her faith-  tears, and wiped theimn with the hairs
said,'who touched mec?"  The disci- of her head.  Thou didst not kiss
ples wondered that he should ask the me, but she hath not ceased to kiss
question, since the multitude we r e my feet. My head with oil thou didst
pressing around him, but he told them  not anoint, but this w o m a n hath
he had performed a cure, and they had a n o i n t e d my feet with. ointment."
not witnessed it.  The woman came The Savior commends her for this
forward and acknowledged the benefit strong expression of' her love, and
she had realized, when Jesus said unto gives her strong and satisfactory asher, "Daughter, thy faith hath made surances that her acts of love were
thee whole;go in peace and be whole appreciated and rewarded. She enof thy plague."                       joyed a sense of divine favor, and as
she closed her serving of Christ, she
WoCman,  ho anointed Jesus' feet.    felt the joys of pardon and rejoiced.
Who this woman was we are not
inforluel, but the record of her act is Tyoman afflicted ei;ghteen years.
to be foun d in Luke, vii: 37-38.   The record of this case is in Luke,'And behold a woman in the city, xiii: 11-13.  She had had a spirit of
which was a sinner, when she knew  infirmity for eighteen years, "and was
that Jesus sat at meat in the Phari- bowed together, and could in no wise
see's house, brought an alabaster-box lift up herself "  It was not a common
of ointment, and stood at his feet be- case of infirmity, a nervous or spinal
hind him weeping, and began to wash disease, but an infirmity produced by
his feet with tears, and did wipe them  an evil spirit. That this is the case is
with the hairs of her h e ad, and evidentfrom the sixteenth verse, "ought
kissed his feet, and anointed them  not this woman, being a daughter of
with the ointment."  It is supposed Abraham, whom satan hath bound, lo!
by somne, that this woman was Mary these eighteen years, &ec."
3M]agdalene; but of this, there is no   This woman had come to the synaproof. The strong probability is that gogue and was miinaling with the worshe was a Gentile, who dwelt in Ca- shipers, Jesus looked over the company
pernaum, or some other city, where that had gathered there, to whomn as a
Christ had been teaching, andthat she teacher he was imparting  instruction,
was converted, and hearing that and seeing this woman, le had compasChrist was in the Pharisee's house, sion on her. He knew all the peculiashe came, and moved by pure love for rities of her case. He knew how long
Jesus, she approached him to perform  she had been afflicted, and how severe,
the office of washing and anointing and with how nmuch difficulty she athis feet. He was in the usual posi- tended  the synagogue service, and
tion of reclining at the,table. She though she may not have thought of
came behind him, and began to shower applying to him to be healed of her intears upon his feet, and she wiped firmity, yet he fixed his eye upon her,
theln with her hair, andc with affec- and "called her unto him."  She actionate tenderness, kissed them again cordingly came to him. It may be she
and again.  And having a box of came at his bidding to be taught, not
precious o i n t m e L t with her, she thinking of having a cure performed.
anointed his feet with it. She had But as she waits to hear the instructions




512                           APPENDIX.
of Jesus, to her astonishment and joy, mIiind the fact that she had but enough
lis voice falls'upon her ear saying, meal and a sufficient cluantity of oil to
"woman thou art loosed f'rom thine in- make one sm all cake; and  hbc infirmity."  He accompanies this declar- formed Elijah thlat she was just preparation with the significant act of laying ing to make a cakle for herself and her
lis hands on her.  She was healed im- son, that they mlight eat together their
mediately, "made strait and glorified last meal. lHe told her to make a cake
God." i. e. She praised God in the for him first, and then prepare for herpresence of the congregation, for the self and her child; and then he gave
signal and unexpected blessing that had her the declaration: " Thus saith the
}been conferred upon her.  Strange as Lord God of Israel, The barrel of
it may seem, the ruler of the synagogue, meal shall not waste, neither shall the
objected to the praises of the woman, cruse of oil fail."  The woman believed
and to the mliracle of healing, which the declaration of the prophet, obeyed
lhad been done on the Sabbath day. his orders, and her house became his
Hie defended himself fromn the charge home. That woman and her son, andc
broughlit against him, and no doubt de- Elijah, lived for months on thie last
fended the woman for her praising.    provisions she h a d, and the meal
wasted not, nor did the cruse of oil
ZaC1relhac6th- Widow of.              fail.
This woman is brought to our notice   About two years after this the widin the history of the prophet Elijah, in ow's s o n  died.  She watched Laim
1st rings, xvii.  The prophet was pre- through his sickness withl fond affecserved during the first months of the tion, and when he died she applroached
dearth and famine, by the brook Cher- the prophet with a sorrow-stricken air,
ith.  I-e was fed by ravens, who and said, "WVhat have I to do with
brou, oh  him  "bread and flesh in the thee, thou man of God?  Art thou
morning, and bread and flesh in the come unto me to call my sin to remzemevening."  But the brook was dried brance, and to slay my son?"  Elijah
up, aucd Elijah was appointed to go to felt keenly for the oppressed wonian,
Zarephath in Zilon, and dwell during and he took her son froml her arms and
the remainder of the dearth with a wo- carried him up into his own room and
man who lived there.  That woman laid him on his own bed, and prayed
was the Widow of Zarephath.           for his life to be restored.  His prayer
When the prophet arrived at the was, "O Lord, my God, let this child's
city, or as he was entering it, he met soul come into  him  again."   His
this poor widow. She was in search of a prayer was answered, and the child refew sticks to make a fire, that, after she turned to life, and consciousness, and
bad prepared her last portion of food, health; and he restored him  to his
she, with her son, might eat it, then mother.
give herself and her dear child up to   We thus behold the power of God
starvation; for she knew not where to manifest in the resurrection of her son,
get that with which to prepare another and her own mind fully satisfied that
1meal.  The  prophet desired  her to Elijah was a true prophet, and that the
bring hi-m a drink of water, and while word of the Lord by him was truth.
she was gOilng to get it, he called after   The history of this woman is attested
her and askedl that she would bring a to by Saint Luke, iv: 26: "But unto
piece of bread, also. The womaln was none of' them was Elas ssent save unto
quite willing to bring him water, but Sarepta, a city of Sidon, unto a woman
when he asked for bread she called to that was a widow.2'