SIMI I N C ONTRIBUTIONS TO KNOWLEDGE 277 RTABLES, DISTRIBUTION, AND VARIATIONS OF THE AT MOSPHERIC TEMIPERATURE IN THE UNITED STATES, AND SOME ADJACENT PARTS OF AMERICA. COLLECTED BY THE SMITIISONIAN INSTITUTION, AND DISCUSSED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF JOSEPI HENRY, SECRETARY. BY CItARLES A. SCIIOTT, ASSISTANIT U. S. COAST SURVEY; MEMBER NAT. ACAD. OF SCIENCES; PHIL. SOCS. OF PHIILADELPHIA AND WASHINGTON, AND OF ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF CATANIA, SICILY. WAS H INGTON C I T Y: PUBLISHED BY THE SMITESONIAN INSTITUTION. 1876. COLLINS, PRYINTER, 705 JAYNE STREET. CONTENTS, PAGE ADVERTISEMENT. V SECTION i. General remarlks and explanation of tabular results... vii Special table of corrections for daily variation of temperature in each month and the year, for every hour and for various combinations of hours.. xiv Tables of mean temperature for each month, season, and the year at various stations, principally in North America..... 1 Graphical representation and explanation of the isothermal charts...101 Deductions fiom the charts of the distribution of the mean annual temperature, and of the distribution of the temperature during the winter and the summer seasons.. 104 ILLUSTRATIONS TO SECTION I. Chart of the United States showing the distribution of the mean annual temperature, by' isothermal curves, drawn for every fourth degree (Fah.), from 36~ to 76~. Chart of the Ulnited States showing the distribution of the mean winter temperature (December, January, and February), by isocheimal curves, drawn for every fourth degree (Fah.), from 4~ to 72~. Chart of the United States showing the distribution of the mean summer temperature (June, July, and August), by isotheral curves, drawn for every fourth degree (Fah.), from 56~ to 88~. (For explanation see page 101 and following.) SECTION II. Discussion of the daily fluctuation of the atmospheric temperature.. 107 Times of sunrise and sunset in different latitudes, and for every tenth day in each month. 113 Tables of bi-hourly, hourly, and semi-hourly mean temperatures, for each month and the year at - various places in North America........ 121 Tables of differences from the mean of the day, of bi-hourly, hourly, and semi-hourly mean temperatures for each month and the year... 137 [For consolidated table of corrections for daily variation of temperature at four principal stations, in each month and the year, for every hour and for various combinations of hours, see page xiv.] Systematic representation of the daily fluctuation of the temperatere, by means of a periodic function...........153 Analysis of the daily fluctuation..... 154 Variability of the temperature at any hour of the day from the normal value of that hour. 162 ILLUSTRATIONS TO SECTION 11. Wood-cuts: Diagrams A and B, showing the daily variation, on the yearly average, for latitudes 27~ and 75~, and for 40~ and 44~....... 156 ( iii ) i~v~ C ECONTENTS. PAGE WVoodC-cuts: Diagrams C and D, showing the average daily range for each nonth, for five groups distributed between the Arctic Regions and the Gulf of MNexico... 157 Wood-cuts: Diagrams E, F, and G, showing the daily variation of temperature in June and December for Arctic stations, Temperate latitude stations, and Gulf stations, respectively 160 SECTION III. The annual fluctuation of the temperature expressed in terms of a periodic function 169 Table of computed annual fluctuation of the temperature at 46 stations... 175 Discussion of the results for dates of mean annual values, and for maxima and minima; and annual range in connection with the geographical distribution of the stations.. 180 Examination into alleged interruption in the regularity of the annual fluctuation at certain epochs, with tables of temperature of each day of the year, deduced from a series of years 183 Investigation of the variability of the temperature of any one day in a series of years. 197 Inequality in the epoch of the mininla and maxima of the annual fluctuation.. 199 Tables of observed extremes of temperatures, arranged by mlonths, for a selected number of stations.....202 Analysis of tabular results for greatest heat and greatest cold with regard to geographical distribution......... 226 Extreme annual range of temperature and monthly absolute variability, exhibition of the law of annual distribution.... 227 Tables of the lmean annual temperature, principally in the United States, for a succession of years, fronm the earliest records to the close of the year 1870... 228 Investigation of the secular variation of the annual mean temperature, and of the permanency of the climate...... -. 302 Comparison of the secular variation of the temperature with the variations in the frequency of the solar-spots.........314 Comparison of the secular variation in the temperature and rain-fall in the United States. 315 Comparison of the secular variation in the temperature with the average annual direction of the wind.... o...... 316 Range of variability in the secular variation of the annual temperature... 318 Secular variation in the annual minima and maxima, compared with.the variation in the annual means....... 319 ~*~~~~ ILLUSTRATIONS TO SECTION III. Wood-cut of North America, showing position of stations espeeially selected for character and distribution of the annual fluctuation... 180 Plate illustrating the irregularity throughout the year of the daily mean temperature for five stations, selected on account of length of series of observations; to face. 193 Plate exhibiting the character of the secular variation in the mean annual temperature, for a number of stations, and comparison of variations in temperature and the solar-spots; to face 310 Cut, showing two typical curves of comparison of the secular variation in the temperature andthe rain-fall... 316 ~~~~~~~...-. Cut, illustrating the relation of the secular variation in temperature and direction of wind for Brunswick, Me., and Marietta, Ohio...... 317 LIST OF STATIONS. -....... 0321 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.: LIST or OFBSERVERS....... v... 333.~n~x.:,:: ~~. d ~* ~a o' INDEX.'... D.. —. -,. -. -: 8! —-O31 ADVERTISEMENT. AT the commencement of the operations of the Smithsonian Institution a system of meteorology was established, carried on by voluntary observers, which was continued for more than twenty years until it was transferred to the Signal Service of the United States Army in 1874 to be continued by means of the annual appropriations of Congress. This system included observations on the tenmperature, pressure, aqueous precipitation, moisture of the air, and winds. The object now of the Smithsonian Institution is to render the results of these observations accessible to meteorologists by their reduction, discussion, and publication; but to give greater value to this work it has been thought advisable to incorporate il it all accessible and reliable meteorological observations that have been made in the United States since the early settlement of this country. The first part of the general work, that on the aqueous precipitation, was published inll 1872, that which relates to the winds is now in-the press, and the other parts will follow in sluccession. Thle present memoir relating to the temperatures contains the results of all observations to the end of tile year 1870, from the following sources: 1st. The registers of the Smithsonian Institution, embracing upwards of 300 folio volumes. 2d. Tile joint publications of the Institution and of the Patent Office and Department of Agriculture. 3d. All the publications and unpublished records of the meteorological system of the United States Army. 4th. The records of the United States Lake Survey under the Engineer Department of the United States Army. 5th. The records of the United States Coast Survey, under the Treasury D)epartment. 6th. The volumes compiled by Dr. F. B. Hough from observations made under the direction of the Regents of the University of the State of New York. 7th. The records made inl Pennsylvania under the direction of the Franklin Institute of Philadelphia. 8th. The transactions of various societies and periodical publications. The first part of the work leas the formation of an extended series of classified tables~ derived fiom the foregoing sources, and the second the deduction front these consolidated tables, of average temperatures. The first of these series, owing to its great bulk, must for the present remain in manuscript. It can, however, be (v) vi AD VEIRTISEMENT. consulted at any time at the Institution. The second series, which is given in the following pages, consisting of average temperatures, is sufficient to furnish all necessary information for the study of our climate as far as it depends upon temperature. All the materials were placed in charge of Mr. Charles A. Schott, Assistant United States Coast Survey, to be reduced and discussed under his direction by trained computers, at the expense of the income of the Smithson firnd. IHe was ably assisted by Mir. E. H. Courtenay, of the United States Coast Survey. The character of MIr. Schott for scientific knowledge, sagacity, and skill in the line of investigation, and scrupulous accuracy as exhibited in the previous meteorological publications of the Institution, give assurance that the work here presented to the. public is a valuable contribution to the knowledge of the climate of the United States. JOSEPH HENURY Secretary Smithsonian Institution. WASHINGTON, D. C., January, 1876. SECTION I. TABLES DISTRIBUTION, AND VARIATIONS OF THE ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE IN THE UNITED STATES, AND SOME ADJACENT PARTS OF AMERICA. GENERAL REMARKS. THE laws of the distribution of winds, rain, and heat of a large portion of North America, embracing the normal or statical values as well as their variations with seasons and for longer periods of years, form part of those' studies with whose results we are most directly concerned. Although this ground has been gone over many times and must continue to be cultivated, the continued accumulation of new materials enables the investigator gradually to present his results in a more precise form and to enter more fully into detail or local discussions. WThatever imperfections the available records mlay possess, their effect in the mean values will constantly diminish with the increase of reliable modern observations; moreover, they could not be dispensed with on account of inaccuracies, since they form the only material in our possession for the discussion of such subjects as possible changes in climate since the first settlement of the States. In the following work we shall therefore be chiefly occupied with the establishment of tabular results comparable among themselves, with obtaining mean or normal values or the so-called constants of temperature, as factors of the climate, and with the range of the fluctuations, daily, annual, and secular) also with the generalization of the results either in analytical or graphical form. The advantages gained by an early discussion of observations beyond putting us in possession of results for immediate use are several; light is thrown on the reliability of the records, their sufficiency or insufficiency for our present or future wants, and the kind of results they are or are not capable of yielding, is indicated. Besides improvements in methods of observing and in instrumental means are likely to result, as wrell as incitements of the observer to renewed efforts. Our earliest records of temperature, the results of which are given in the following tables, date about a quarter of a century after the invention of Fahrenheit's thermometerl and with few exceptions all the observers in this country have made The following information is extracted from Gehler's Physikalisches WSrterbuch, Leipzig, 1839. * * To Daniel G. Fahrenheit, of Dantzic (Prussia), is dul the merit of having constructed, ( vii ) viii P PRE FA C E. use of his scale, in consequence of which all tabular quantities and results presented in this paper have reference to this graduation. For the sake of uniformity, records originally given in. Rieaumlur or Centigrade scale have been converted into that of Fahrenheit, and however advisable otherwise it might have been to adopt the Centigrade scale, such a step was forbidden by the great labor and consequent expense which the conversion would have entailed. On proper principles, thermometers upon which reliance could be placed; his earlier instruments were filled with alcohol, but about the year 1714 hlie used mercury for this purpose. According to his own account, he recognized three principal points, viz.: his so-called absolute zero, representing the extreme cold experienced by him in the severe winter of 1709 and erroneously supposed to indicate the greatest cold, the freezing point of water, and a point representing the heat of the human body;. in practice, however, hlie mlade use of the freezing point as well as of the boiling point of water, with the fixity of which latter he became acquainted in 1714.: Supposing the volume of mercury at the temperature represented by his zemo point to be 11124 parts, he noticed an expansion of 32 parts at the temperature of fireezing water, and of 212 parts at the temperature of boiling water, and accordingly a.dopted the nrumnbers 32 and 12 to indicate these temperatures. Before Fahrellheit's instruments came into general use, Reaumtnur brought out his spirit thermometers graduated between the freezing and boiling points of water from O to 80, and shortly after, Celsius, about 1742, introduced the Centigrade divisiofi between the same points. The spirit thermometers used in the preceding century had arbitrary scales, and were not generally directly conparable. * * Fahrenheit had already noticed the effect of a change in the atmospheric pressure on the position of the boiling point. but the proper allowance or reduction to a standard pressure was not satisfactorily ascertained in his time. It would seem that allowance was made for the expansion of the glass tube in the above-mientioned experiment, since the dilatation of mercury is nearly 0.0001 of its volume for 1~ Fah. All of the thermometric scales mentioned are intended to measure equal increments of heat by equal increments in their scale readings, but'for the purpose of conipaison and discussion it is much to be desired that all should agree to use the same scale, the Centigrade scale being the one most likely to take the place of the others. In connection with the cold indicated by the zero of Fahrenheit's scale it may be remarked as an accidental circumstance, that it may and has been taken roughly to be that of the mean annual temperature of the pole, hence the possibility of representing approximately the annual mean temperature in the latitude t by the simple expression 81~ 5 cos p without the addition of a constant;. TAB ULATION OF RESULTING MEAN TEMPERATURES FROM OBSERVATIONS EXTENDING OVER A SERIES OF YEARS, FROM THE EARLIEST TO NEARLY THE PRESENT TIME, FOR EACH MONTII, SEASON, AND THE YEAR, PRINCIPALLY FOR STATIONS IN NORTH AMERICA. )BDECEMBER, I874, ( x) EXPLANATIONS AND REMARKS ON THE CONSOLIDATED TABLES OF RESULTING MEAN TEMPERATURES FOR EACH MONTH, SEASON, AND THE YEAR. THAT part of the tables which refers to the United States is arranged in alphabetical order according to states and territories, and the names in each subdivision are given alphabetically. For all stations beyond the limits of the United States it was considered more advantageous to adopt a geographical arrangement, but the alphabetical sequence of stations under each geographical district is preserved. The tables contain: The number and name of each station, its latitude and longitude, its elevation above the sea when known, its mean temperatures for each nonth, each season, and for the whole year, the beginning and ending of the series of observations, its actual extent, the observing hours, the name of the observer with references. The geographical positions are given to the nearest minute of are, as far as known, the longitudes are counted as usual west of Greenwich. The positions which became known through the operations of the United States Coast Survey are reliable, as well as those given upon the authorities of the United States Lake Survey, officers of the United States Army,- directors of astronomical observatories, and, in general, all those positions which have been determined by direct astronomical observations and those connected with the General Land Office. Positions given on the authority of the observer, and these are by far the most numerous, are less trustworthy, since most of these were taken from State or county maps having no adequate astronomical basis. The results for longitude depending on the electric telegraph are of so recent date that but few maps have as yet incorporated them. Although no pains have been spared to render these geographical positions as trustworthy as possible, they are, in general, when taken from maps evidently in the given latitudes affected with a probable uncertainty of from =L 3' to ~ 5' and in the given longitudes with a probable uncertainty of from =- 5' to -4 8'. Fortunately for the immediate wants of the discussion of temperat're a moderate approximation to the true position suffices. The elevations of the observing stations depend in all cases upon the statements of observers; these also no doubt require considerable improvement, as but few depend upon direct hypsometric measures or on measured differences of level from known railroad or (xi ) xii EXPLANATIONS AND REMARKS. xi~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~a canal levels; those depending on barometric observations can only be regarded as rough approximations. Heights near tide-water may be considered to be reliable. Unless otherwise stated, the mean tabular values of the temperature, always expressed in degrees of the Fahrenleit scale, refer to the observing hours noted, and are consequently uncorrected for daily variation. In:. all cases where the observing hours were variable or were changed during the series, the results were referred either to those observing hours maintained for the longest period or to those susceptible of the greater accuracy, or else all were corrected for daily fluctuation. The means for correcting observed values, taken at stated epochs of the day and for any monthb were furnished by the discussion of the daily variation, but the stations available for such discussions are conparatively so very few in number, and are almost wanting for the western part of the United States, that but a small portion of our results could be so corrected. If we had better and more complete materials for daily variation, it would undoubtedly have been preferable to correct all tabular results for this inequality, but in their absence it was deemed.advisable to attempt no more than to present the results in any one series for a u'iyforin set of hours of observation, correcting as stated in all cases where the observer has changed his times of observation; this gives us the advantage of effecting hereafter a more satisfactory reduction to the mean of twenty-four hours whenever we come into possession of new and, it is to be hoped, automatic registers. Respecting the results obtained under the University System of the State of New York, the daily mean was directedl to be found by adding to the morning observation twice the afternoon observation, and twice the evening observation to that of next morning, and dividing their sum by six. This may be symbolically expressed by 6 r + 3a bis (~ - 1 + Ih) bis + ~) }; the morning observation was to be taken a by FI~ I n- v little before sunrise. The rieans given in the table were made out in accordance with this rule.2 With respect to the Smithsonian system of meteorological observations, the result of the three hours 7 A. M. 2 and 9 P. M. was found to approximate less closely to the true daily mean than the result obtained by adding twice the reading at 9 P. M. to the readings at 7 A. M. and 2 P. M. and dividing this sum by four. The latter rule was therefore adopted, and is symbolically indicated by 7.1 + 2a + 9a bis. In the column headed observing hours the symbols c) and (D stand for sunrise and sunset; the affixes m. and a. to any given hour indicate morning and afternoon respectively; N. and Malt. stand for noon and midnight; M. and E. for morning and evening; Max. and Min. for mean from maximum and minimum readings; 1 F. B. Hough, p. iv of the introduction to the results of meteorological observations made in obedience to instructions fi~or the Regents of the University at sundry Academlies in the State of New York, Albany, 1855. 2 It should also be mentioned that for these Academy stations the monthly means are made up from the half-monthly means, there is therefore a slight inconsistency in the results for the months having an odd number of days (the first 15 days having been united into a mean for all months, excepting February). The October mean is most affected, less so May and March; the amount generally less than 0~.1 is small enough to be neglected. EXPLANATIONS A-ND REMARKS. iii xiii " bis" attached to any hour indicates that the reading at this hour received double weight as explained above. Respecting the corrections necessary to refer monthly and annual means depending onobservations at certain hours to what they would have been had the observations been made hourly and continued clay and night, the reader is referred to the discussion of the daily variation of the temperature. In this discussion it is shown that the mean of hourly observations represents the average temperature of the day within about 0~.01 Fah. The following table of corrections for daily variation to means resulting from observations at certain houLs was prepared directly from observations extending over a series of years at Toronto, Mohawk, New Haven, and Philadelphia; it is inserted here on accoumit of its frequent application to our tabular results, either to refer them to the mean of the day or to a uniform set of hours, in which latter case the table can be made readily to apply. This table of corrections was found to answer well enough for the Eastern and Western States lying within the range of latitudes of the four stations; for Southern States and for the elevated western portion of the United States other less reliable corrections had to be supplied. xiv EXi>LANATIONS ABTI) REMARKS. Toro~lo~ Moh~twk, Xew ]]aven~ and Philadelphia; for every hour and for various combinations of hours~ i~ degrees of Fahrenheit. t.,~................................................ -............................ v.. d ~ d,q ~ 0 ~ 0 0 0 0 t 0 [' 0 0 M~a't +i.6 +2.2 +2.S +~.7 +4,7 +~.-~ +~.2 +4.7 +~.~ +S. 2 +~.o +~.4 +3~.4x im +2.0 +2.7 +3.4 +4.6 +5.6 +6.3 +6.0 +5.4 +4.6 (+3.8 +2. I +x.8 +4. o2 2m +2.2 +3.I +3-9 +5'3 +6.4 +7.1 +6.7 +6.0 +5.2 +4'3 +2.5 +2.1 +4'57 3m +2-5 +3.6 +4.3 +5.7 +7.2 -t-7.8 +7.3 +6.5 +5.7 +4.7 +2.9 +2.4 +5.05 4m'4-2'7 +3.9 +4.7 +6.2 -4-7.8 +8.3 +7.8 +7.0 -~-6.2 -4-5.I'~-3,2 -4-2.6 +5.46 5~ +3.0 +4.2 +5.2 +6.5 +7.8'4-8. x +7.8 +7.2 +6.6 +5.4 +3.4 +2.8 +5-67 6m -t'3'0 +4'5 +5'4 +6.3 +6.4 +6.4 +6.3 +6.5 +6.4 +.5'5 +3'5 +3'~ +5'27 7m +3'~ +4.6 +4'7 +4'7 +4.0 +3.8 +3'7 +4'5 +4'7 +4'6 +3'4 +3. I +4.08 8m +2.8 +3'5 +2.7 +2.4 +1.5 +I.I +II +I.8 -~2.2 +2.6 +2.4 +2.7 +2.24 9m +I.4 +1.3 +0.5 0.0 — 0.9 — 1.2 — 1.2 — 0.6 — 0.2 +0.2 +0.7 -I —z.3 +0. II IOm ~O.4 — 0.9 — I.6 ~2.O — 2.8 ~3.2 — 3.2 — 2.8 — 2.5 ~2. I ~I. t — 0.5 — I.93 IIm — 1.9 — 2.7 — 3.2 ~3.7]~4.4 — 4.8 — 4,9 — 4.6 — 4.4 ~3.9 — 2.6 — 2.0 — 3.60 Noon. — 3.2 ~4. I — 4.5 ~5, i: —5.7 — 6. I i —6,2 — 5.9 — 5.7 — 5.3 ~3'8 ~3'2 — 4.91 I= — 4.0 ~5.I — 5.4 ~6.2 — 6.8 ~7.Ii —7. I ~6.9 — 6.8 ~6.2 ~4.5 — 4.0 ~5.84 ~ 2a — 4'5 — 5.6 — 6. x — 7.0 ~7.5 — 7.8 — 7.6 — 7.5 — 7.4 — 6.8 — 4.8 — 4.3 — 6.42 3~ — 4.4 — 5.7 — 6.2 7.2 —7.8 — 8.~ — 7.8 —7.8 —7.6 -2-6.7 — 4.7 — 4. x — 6.5~ ]i 4~'3.8 -7-5.2 — 5.8 — 7. t — 7.8 — 8.o —7 5 — 7.6 — 7.4 — 6.: — 3.8 — 3.3 — 6.12 5~ ~2.5 — 3.9 — 4.7 — 6.3 — 7.2 — 7,2 — 6.9 — 6.8 ~6.2 — 4.4 — 2.4 — z.o — 5.04 i 6, ~I.5 — 2.3 ~2.9 — 4.6 — 5.5 — 5.7 i —5.4 — 5I — 4.0 -—, 5 — I.3 — i.2 — 3.5I 7a m —3.o — 2.5 — I 6 — i.o — 0.5 — 0.6 — I.74. —0.7 ~i.2 ~i.5 — 2,2 — 2.9 — 3.3i. 1 [ 8a — O. I — O.2 — O,4 — O, 2 — O. 2 — O,4 — O. 2 +O. I +O. 3 i +O,2 +O, I — O. I — O.O9 - 9,~ +0.4 +0.5 +0.9 — [-1.2 +1.5 +1.6+1.8 +X.7 +I.6 +I.X +0,7 +0.3 " _.1~I.II IOa +0.9 +II +1.5 -[-2.2 +2.7 +3.0 +31 +2.9 +2.7 i+I.9 +I.I +0.7 1.99 -: IIa +1.2 +1.7 +2,2 +,3.0 +3.8 +4.3 +4.2 +3.8 43.5 +2.6 +1.5 +I.O +2,73 Or +3.0 +4.5 +5.3 +6.4 +7.8 +8. i +7.8 +7. i +6.5 +5.3 +3.4 +2.9 +5.68 Os ~2.7 — 3.0 — 2.8 — 2.8 — 2.2 — I.5i —I.3 — 2.4 ~3.7 ~3.7 — 2.9 — 2.7 — 2.64 M~zx. — 4.,5 ~45:8 —6.2 — 7.9 — 8.2 —7.8 — 7.8 — 7.7 — 6.9 — 4.9 — 4.3 — 6.62 Min. ~7:3 +3.3 6 +5.4 5 +7.9 +8.4 +7.9 +7.2 +6.7 +5.6 +3.6 -t-3.2 +5.87 i Max. & Min. — 0.6 — 0.6 ~o.4 — 0,4 o.o +o.I +o. — 0.3 — 0.5 — 0,6 — 0,6 — 0.6 ~o.37 Or~s +0.2 +0.7 +t.3 -q —1.8 — 11-~2.8 +3.3 +3.2 -t —2.4 +1.4 +0.8 +0.2 +o.I +1.52' Or9~ +1'7 4-2'5 q-3'I 43.8 +4.6 +4.9+4.8 +414 +4.0 43.2'4-2'1'4-I'6 +3'39 i 6m I~ — O. 5 — O. 3 O.O O.O ~O. 2 ~O. 3 — O.4 ~O. 2 — O. 2 — O.4 — O.5 — O.4 ~O. 28 7m 2a ~0.7 — 0,5 ~O.7 — 1.2 ~I.7 ~2,O — 2.0 — 1,5 — 1,3 — I.I ~o. 7 — 0.6 ~i.i7 7,n9~ +~.7 +2.6 +2.8 +3.0 +2.7 +2.7 +2.8 +3.1 +3.1 +2.9 +2.0 +1.7 +2.60 8m 2a ~Z).8 — I.I — 1,7 — 2.3 — 3.0 — 3.3 — 3.3 — 2.9 ~2.6 — 2.1 — 1.2 — O.8 — 2.09 am 7~ -4-ol10 — I.I — O.9 — 0.4 +0.3 +0.8 -[ —0.9 -i-I.I +0.24 +10102'4-0.6 +O.I I —o. Qr 9m 3,, O — O. ~ — O.3 — O. 3 — O.4 ~O.4 — O.4 — O.4 — O.4 — O. 2 O.O — O. 24 Qr N. Qs — IO — 0.9 — 0.7 — 0,5 [ 0. O +0.2 4k-O.I — 0.4 I — I.O — 1.2 — I.I — I.O -— o.62 Or Ia 9~ ~o.2 o.o +0.3 +0.5 i+~-8 +0.9 +0.8 +0.6 +0.4 +o.I — o.I — 0.3 +0.32 QrI~IO~ O.O -[-0.2 -}-0.5 +O. 8 +1.2 +~'3 q-~'3 -['-I.O +0.8 +0.3 O.O — O.I -[ —O.61 Qr 2.,,'~ — ~.4 — I.4 — 1.2 ~I.I — O.6 — 0.4 — 20.4 ~O.9 — X.5 — 1.7 ~I.4 — ~.4 — I.X3 C)r2a9a — 0.4 — 0.2 o.o +0.2 +0.6 +0.6 +0.7 +0.4 +0.2 — O.I — 0.2 ~O.4 +O. 12 Qx. 3=9~ — 0-3 — 0.2 O.O +O.~ +0.5 +0.5 +0.6 +0.3 +0.2 ~O.I' — O.2 — O.3 +0.09 6mN. 6~ — 0.6 — 0.6 —0.7 ~.~ ~.6 — ~.8 — ~.8 — ~.5 -— ~.T — 0.8 — 0.5 — O.4 — I.O5 6m2a9a — 0.4 — 0.2 +O.I +0.2 +O.I +o.I +0.2 +0.2 +0.2 — O.I — 0.2 — 0.3 — O.OI i 6m2' IOa — 0.2 O.O +0.3 -q —O.5 +0.5 +0.5 +0.6 +0.6 +0.6 +0.2 — O.I — 0.2 +0.28 7m l'~. 6~ — 0.5 — 0.6 — 0.9 ~I.7 — 2. — 2.7 — 2.6 — 2.2! —1.7 — I.I — 0.6 — 0.4 — 1.45 — 0.3 I —o. 2 — 0.4 ~o.6 — I.O — 1.2 -— 1.2 — o.8i —o.6 — o.5 — 0.3 — o.3 — 0.62 7m Ia 8a — O 2 I O.O +O.I ~O.I — 0.4 — 0.6 — 0.5 — 3.2 — 0.2 — 0.2 — O.I — 0.2 ~O.22 7m I~ 9~ 7m 20, 50, ~I.3 — 1.6 — 2.0 — 2.9 — 3.6 — 3.7 — 3.6 — 3.3 — 3.O — 2.2 — t.3 ~I.~ — 2.46 I 7m 2a 6~ ~I.O — I.I — 1.4 -— 2.3 — 3.0 — 3.2 — 3.1 — 2.7 ~2.3 — 1.6 ~O.9 — 0.8 — I.95 7m 2a 7~ — 0.7 ~O.7 — I.O — 1.5 — 2.1 — 2.4 ~2.3 — I.8 — 1.4 — I.I — 0.6 — 0.6 — t.36 7m 2~ 9~ — 0-3 i —O.2 — O.2 — 0.4 — 0.7 — 0.8 — 0.7 — O.4 — 0.4 — 0.4 — 0.2 — 0.3 — O.4~ — O.8 — O. 5 — O.4 — O. 3 — O. 2 — O. 2. —O.43 7m 3~ 9~ — o.31 — O. 2 — O. 2 — O.4 — O.8 — O. 9 8m 2a 6~ — I. — I.5 — 2. i ~3.~ — 3.8 — 4. — 4.0 — 3.6 — 3. x — 2.2 — 1,2 — 0.9 I __2.56 -. EXPLANATIOIONS AND REMARKS. xv Table of corrections for daily variation of temperature, etc.-Continued. f3c Hours. P:d b 4 |_ ~. o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8m 2a 8a -0.6 -0.8 -1.3 -1.6 — 2.I1 -2.4 -2.2 -i.9 -I.6 -I-.3 — 0.8 -0.5 -.42 8m 2a 9a -0.4.-05 -o.8 -I.I -I.5 -I.7 — I.6 I.3 -I.2 -I.o — o. 6 — 0.4 -1I.02 8m 2a IO, o.-03 — 0.3 -o. 6 -o.8 -I.I -I.2 -I.I -0.9 -0. 8 — o. 8 -0.4 -O.3 -0-o.73 gm N. 9 — 0.5 -0.8 — I.0 — I1.3 -1.7 -I.9 -r.9 -1.6' —.4 -I1.3 -0.8 — 0.5 -1.23 9m 3a 9a, || 9 -0|1.3 |-1.6 |-2.0| — 2.4 — 2.6 — 2.4 -2.2 — 2.0 -1.8 — |.I -0.8 — 1.76 0,)r 9m 3a 9a +0. I +0.2 + —0. I -+0. +0.2 +0. I +0. I +0. I +0. I 0.0 0.0 +0. I +0 G), N. 2 6a -I1.6 — I.9 -2.I -2.6 -2.7 — 2.9 -2.8 -2.9 -2.6 -2.3 -1.6 -1.5 -2.29 (2)r N. Os IOa — 0.5 -o.4 -o.I +0,2 +0.6 +o.-9 -o.9 +0:4 -O.I — 0.4 — 0.5 -o. 6 +0.03 ()r 2a Os 9a o0.9 -0.9 — 0.7 — 0.5 — o.I +0-. I +0.2 -0.3 -0. 7 — I.o -0.9 -0.9 -0.56 -0.9 -0.9 0-o. -0.5 o.o +-o.3 +0o.5 -0.2 -o.8 — r. I o.8 -0.7 -o.-48 3m 9m 3a 9a i.i 3m 9m 3a 9a. 0.o0 — o.I — O.I -0.I 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.C -0.I -0. 2 -0.I O.O -0. 06 6m 9m 3, 61 — 0.4 — 0.5 — o.8 -I.4 -2.0 — 2.I -2.0 — I.7 -14 — 9 |O 5 -0.2.6 6m gm 3a 9 +-O.I +0.2 +O.I +O.I — 0.2 -0.3 -0.2 — O.I -+O.I t O.O 0.0 +0.2 O. OO 7m 2a 9a bis -0. I 0.0 +0O.I 0.0 -0.I — 0.2 — O.I +0-.I -+0. I 0.0 0.0 — O.I -0. 03 I For New York University System; derived from observations at Toronto and Mohawk. Respecting the column headed References the following abbreviations were used: — S. O. for Smithsonian system of observations. S. Coll. for Smithsonian collection in general. Smn. Con. to. Knowl. for Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, for Patent Office and Smithsonian Institution systems. or. Met. Regs. for Army Meteorological Registers. ES. from S. G. 0. for Manuscript from Surgeon-General's Office. Am, Alm for American Almanac. Agl. Rep. for Agricultural Report. Reg. Rep. for Regents' Report. N. Y. Univ. Syst. for New York University Systems. And various others whose meaning is sufficiently apparent (:vi) TABLES OF MEAN TEMPERATURE FOR EACH MONTH, SEASON, AND THE YEAR AT VARIOUS STATIONS, PRINCIPALLY IN NORTIt AMERICA. EXPRESSED IN DEGREES AND FRACTIONS OF THE FAHRENHEIT SCALE. I. DECEMBER, I$74. ( I ) TEMPE RATURE TABLES. ICELAND. ~,~ ~ I. NAME OF STATION. I < Q) 4 I. Eya Fiord....65042/ 18005') l 2.~ 18~.5~ 200.66 27.50 o'36~. I4 430.52 460.94 460.94 43~.16 340.34 25.88 I8~.32 2. Reikjavik. 64 09 21 55 29.82 28.31 29.86 36.46 44.80 5I.58 56. I9 52.86 46.45 36.91 30.45 29.4I GREENLAND. I. Friedrichsthal 60 05 44 5.. 19.62 18.72 22.10 27.50. 32.45 35.15 29.75 2. Godthaab. 64 O 52O.. 1 2.38 12.56 15.6o 22.01 32. I6 39.o9 41.92 40.84 35.65 29.84 2.-94 17.49 3- Jacobshavn...1169 12 5~ 58 1.. 11 0,05 ~ 2.20 5.90 16'92 31'77 40'32 45'27~ 4I'67 34'25 26'37 1'i52 4'55 4. Lichtenau.. 6 0 22 45 40 17.. 1' 23. 27.63 32-43 39.27 43.09 45.37 41,o9 39.70 35.58 26. 22.41 5.Lichtenfels...63 oo 51 20..59 13.o5 17.71 24'03 32'47 38.73 43.07 4o.39 34.77 28.60 21.20 I3.93 6. Nye Hernhut 64 IO 51 40 9.05 22.10 21.65 24.80 32.00 4O. 1O 40.33 37.40 34.03 32.90 15.80 I1.75 7. Omenak.. 7~ 41 52 oo 6.2 ~5 I3 3.E(1-3914~ (3 ~)+"6 1476[-2811 7- Omenak.... 70 41 52 00 - 6' 25 8'95 -1.1-30 13.o77 29.97 38.75 43.02 40.55 32.90 22.55 13.77 -- o.I7 8. Port Foulke2 78 18 73 oo o -26.0 — 24.9 — 22.3 -II. " 23' 8 -33.9 -40.5 (36. I)-22.6 4-7.6 4 2.8 -12. 9. Upernavik 72 47 56 03 — 12. 32 — 1I8.40 - 9.85;- 2.75 26.i5 36.27 39.42 38.52 30.87 i9.62'Io.17I — 6.7o lO. Van Rensselaer Har- a 101I7 bor..... 78 37 70 53 O — 28.20 -26.45 -34.90 — IO.35 +I3.40 30.10 38.20 31.80 I3.45_- 3.60o21.95 -31-Ii5 I1. Wolstenholme Sound..... 76 33 68 56.. — 25.o7 — 34,02 m17.47 - 3.74 25.82 39.73 40.52 33.67 26.76 II.32 I8.60 —27.o 5 BRITISH NORTH AMERICA. —ARCTIC REGION. I. Arctic Ocean 74 4I IOI 22 -36.7I —4. 12 — 31.95 - 7'.0 4.3 17 8 o 21o6 2o0.7 S —21. 45 2. Assistance Bay. 74 40 94 16 — 29.00 -29'80 — 22'40 -- 3.20 I2.50 34.30 37.80 2.130 I-501- 670-2I..40 3. Batty Bay 73 12 91 IO -19.92 — IS.19 _I7.00 q- 2.14 22.59 8.53 11.27 — 15.45 4. Bay of Mercy 74 06 117 54',.. — 35.59 — 32.I5 -26.91 - I.38 IO. 24 31.50 36.72 33.25 22.34 I.15 — 15.8 6~ —23.04 5. BeecheyIsland. 74 30 91 5' 1.. [ —33.00 — 25.44 -I2.98 - 1.85 18.92 36.77 39.40 34.25 2o. 5o IO. 784- 6.7 -23.89 ~. Boothis Flix 69 92 ~ ~1 -28.69 — 32'02 -29.01 - 2.54 15.65 34.16 41 26 38.69 25.41 9.07 5.42 —22.43 6. Boothia Felix 69 59 92 O54 1.653 64 3-8.6 9.4__ 7. Dealy Island 74 52 IO8 30.. 1 —36.I3 — 30.42 — I9.I7 - 2.47 16.o9 33.04 36.42 33.Ol I8.8 o2o.56 —12.o 7 — 26.00 8. Disaster Bay 75 31 92 lO.. [ —36.38 -39.23 — 29.87 4- 4.84 936 27.93 38.09 36.27 17.O l 9. 5217.20 —26.6I 9. Fort Anderson 68 30 1.34 30 -38.o5 — 8. 78 +24.8o __ 5.28 25.65 54.28 65.50 35-8' I7.85 2.33-3I. 23 To. Fort Confidence 66 54 118 49 500 — 26.79 — I9.48 — 18.92 4- 4.36 27.68 46.69 52'9~0 45.20 37.66 22.I 1-71-22-7I I1. Griffith's Island. 74 36 95 30.. -31.90 -32.90 -257o0 - 7.00 23.00 35.00? 38.50? 36.30? 20.20 o.o3o- 6.90 —22.20 12. Igloolik 69 21 81 53 - I7.o7 -20.41 — 19.75 -- i.68 24.85 32.16 40.04 37.77 24.45 I2.79 —I9.37 —27.8 o 13. Melville Island. 74 47 IIo 48 -30.o9 -32.I9 I- 8.37 I6.66 36.2 4 42.41 32.68 22.54 —3.46 —2o. 6o —21.79 14. Northumberland Sound.....76 52 97 00o.. -40o00 — 28.57 -i6.69 - 7.60 I4.74 29.86 35.69 33.80 I1848 -0o. 4o40 5.64 —34.49 15. Peel River4... 67 32 134 30.. -24.45 — 24.19 -13.88 -+15;o3 34.06 54.09 58.60 50.90 35.75 12.1I2 —I1.84 8 —23.47 16. Port Kennedy 72 o1 94 14 o — 34.4 — 37.1 — 18.2- - 2.8 -I5.3 4 — 35.3 +40o. 36.95 25.4 7.4 -— II.7 — 33. 6 I7. Port Bowen.. 73 14 88 56.. -28.91 — 27.32 — 28.38 - 6.50 I7.65 36. 12 37.29 35.77 25.88 lO.85 — 5.o00-19.05 18. Port Leopold 73 31 90 I8 — 35.70 -35.20 — 22.80 -1O. lO 9.70o_-I4. 50o-36.40 19. Prince of Wales' Strait.. 72 47 I17 34 — 32.44 -37.67 — 28.82 - 4.70 18.85 36.09 37.54 37.15 20.20o —0. 23 —1o. 17-23.36 20. Repulse ]Jay6 66 32 86 56 i5 -2932 — 26.68 -28.10o -.395 I7.88 31.38 41-46. 2S.57I5+ o.68-Ig.27 21. Repulse Bay7 66 32 86 56 lO -32.4 -36.4 -16.9 - 4.7 24.0 37.7 43.5 25.2 12.0 -19.8 -25.4 BRITISH NORTH- AMERICA.-SOUTH OF LATITUDE 660 3od. I. Abbittibe. 48 5~ 77 45 -[- 2.21 - 2.91 14.16 2I.74 3o.65 64-58 71-35 6i.o8 50-40 37-35 23-5I + 0-04 2. Athabasca Lake 58 43 III 48 700 — 23.0 n- 4.8 - 2.4 35-I 44.8 53-9 21-5 9.8 + 0.4 3. Bedfont House.- 57 23 1O2 59 — 19.o -16.7 -- 5.0 11.5 24.5 26.o-[.5 - -18.o 4- Caribou Castle..53 48 56 47 -b 0.33 I~'67 15'56 35'98 42' 59 5i'29 51.79 ~.... 34.49 24.051 lO.OO 5. Carlton House.. 52 5 1 l6 13 ro/'~2 2.7 79 6. Cumberland House 535 0 090iiO 5 ~ 6 5 0 9~ 7~ 6. 4. 3~ I~ 5 7. Cumberland House 53 57 IO2 20 900' ~13.2 1.i I2.1 35.0 50.0O 58. 8 61.8 56.2 47'o 36.9 I3.O 3.2 8. Cumberland House 53 57 lO2 20 900 0.89 -- 8.06 18. 3o 27,oi 52.591 62.84 44.5~ 33.15 21.48 79 9.Edmon~dton Hlouse 53 40 II2 45 I8cOl 11'O5 14'32 O.Fort a, la Corne........ ~o.- 1995 ij45 Ir or hieaya 58 3 l O:I- 4~IO4 3~o I.so 4~05" 6.... 58..1o 43~53 33.00 I9~1.73 1 Observations in " morning and evening," from October, I796, to May, 18o2, and from July, I816, to June, I821; from September, 1841, to June, I845, at lOm and IOa. t Value for August interpolated. a Observations made every four hours. 4 F~ort M/cPherson. From 6 to 12 observations daily. 6 Fort Hope.? Fort Hope. The September and October observations, made at 8, 8,, have been referred to 8m 2i 8~ by means of the "Boothid Felix" table. Correction to scale at — 35~~ — 4~.5; at o~ correction supp~osed o, and a proportional amount between o~ and — 35~ applied. TEMPERATURE TABLES. ICELAND. E ~~~~~~~~~SERIES. (EXTENT OBSERVING OSRE. ~ FRECS ~ 4 [egins, Ends.yo HOURS' OBSERVER. REFERENCES. rR BE yrs.mos. 28~'IO 45'.80 34~'46 20~'84 32~'30:........ 2/ o..... Van Scheels. Dove, Rep. Br. Assoc. I847. 2 37-04 53-54 37-94 29.18 39-43 Jan. 1823; July, 1837 14 6 max. & min. Thorstenson. Dove, Rep. Br. Assoc. 1847. GREENLAND. I I I II II 22-70 ~ ~........ c 7.............. DvRp r so..87.62 29.14 I4.14 26 1845 14 6 M. E. I Bull, Muhlenpfor Dove, Rep. Br. Assoc. 1847. 2 23-261 40.62 29. I4 I4' 4 40'79 iOct- I796; June,x8 45 I4. Bull, Muhlenpfort Dove, Rep. ]r. Assoc. I847. Bloch. 1 18.29 42.42 24. 0.80 421.37,[Aug. 1842; July, I846 4 o M N857 4 33.II 431i8 33O8 21.72 32.95 July, I84I; Aug. I843 2.. Dove, Rep. Br. Assoc..8475 24-74 40-73 28.19 12 86 26. 63 Jan. 1846; July, 1852 6 6.............. Dove, I857. 6 26. I 5 39.28 27- 58 14-30 26.83 July, 1842; June, 1843 I 0...... Koegel. Dove. Rep. Br. Assoc. 1848. 7 I4.5 40-77 23-07 - 512 18.22 6Aug. 1833; July, 1838 5........... Dove, i857. 6- 326. (36.83) I280 -21.23 S(+5. 6o) Sept. i86o;July, S6i o II bi-hourly Dr. I. I. Hayes. Sm. Con. to Knowl..S67. 91+ 635; 38c07 20.22 I2I47 18.2204 Aug. I833; July, i838 5 o M. N........Dove, 57 IO -87 o.62 33o37 - 4-03 -28.623 2.47 Sept. 1853; Apr. I855 I I ihourly+ Dr. I. I. Hayes. S4i. Con. to KnowI. I867. BRITISH N ~ORT~H AMERICA.-ARCTICCTI REGIHON. I ~~(~ + 0- 59 1-36.o9 I!Sept. 1853; Apr. i854 0 8.... ellett. "'Voyage of Resolute." 2 - 5 437 + 52 2 7 /6 t73 Septu. I850; July, I85 11 tri-hourly. Penny. Sutherland. 3 + 6.62 -177~85........ 0...........Dove, I857. 4O 6.02 3382 + I3778 -o30.26 -- 2.47'Sept-. IS53; Apr. I853 I 7..hourly.. M l.r o'P o Nri 5r 2. 6. ane. in... on. to t onowl..... DI85 9. 6- 5-30 3804 969 — 27~7I + 3.68 -4ct. I829; lar. 1832 2 6 hourly. Ross. Rioss. 7 — 1-85 34. i6 + 2.o6 — 30.85 I6o O.88 Sept. 1852; Aug. 1853..... Kellett. "Voyage of Resolute." 8 - 5.22 34-10 3-11 — 34-07 0-52.....I 0....... Dove, 18579 + 2.0 o 17. I2 -32.69 May, i863; Apr. i8641 0 11 rn 2, MR/. M. MC~cLeod. S. 0. IO +f 4-37 48.26 I9.36 — 22.99 I 2.25.....I 0 I5obscrva-..... Dove, 1857tions daily. 11 - 3.23 36.6o? 4-53 -29.00 2.22 "Austin. Voyage of Resolute." I2 + LII4 36.66 5 96 -2II.76 +- 5-50 Sept. 1822; Aug. 1823 I 0 bi-hourly. Parry. Parry. -.2 5.37 I 0 -28.2 3 Sept. i8io; Aug. I820 I t bi-hourly. Parry. Parry. 3 6.6 3I7.18 5I+13 14 3J- 3~~8 33.II2 4.15 1 —34-35 0 - 0~07 1 o 8...... I....... Dove, I857. 5 II-74 54-53 12.01 — 24304 1326 IFeb. 18'3;' Dec. 865 2 7 78a3 9, i6 -.90 3-45 703 -355 ~03 I.9 Aug. 185S; Aug. I859 I If Sir F. L. MlvcClintock. Sm. Con. to Knowl. iS62. 27-44 3-6.12 I 07 tri-houry.Pr 19 - 4-89 36.93 3.27 1-31~22 11 3I~Ii6 + 1.Ig67;M ay, Ig69 I g 7m 04 A2 bis J'LMClurg. Au.. c rmnVg'eorsolute. 4.72 I3-94 Se3 Ot. 1846; July, tri- g hourly. Rae. Rae.loge'sClm 3 Io~33 -'79" Oct. I795;MnyS, It 1853;Jul o 854 01 8 8 D. J.Ra.S. Coll. 4 3I~38 f 7.00 Oct. I77;Ju~y, 1778 0~ " ~....... Dove, 1857 o. 52 6 3923 + 5 2.6 1 22. i8 65.67 37-09 0.22 31-IS Sept. Ic867; May,. i869 I 8 7 2 T 9 bs J Lckhrt S. Coll.anS.0 2.27.73 5- 3. /!Oct. I829; Mar. J 840 9 hourly Richardson. 8 ]0. q I' /~3~-85 n - o. Aieptn. Io I864~~3 It /3.7, 2 o. 5s S. o.. rr 2.6 58 3~ 3 2.50 I2:; Dove36, I857 ~ihan twr. ihrsn 2 bevtosmd tdzlgt ams ieo ly a fe lr. ozrce o al aito ymaso oesTrnoTbe'O Th mean forI7.2 J —3269'M eie fo h aiy ete, I' sefr 8863 fo A p sr.ainsa x864?d2~yhvebe orctdfrdil ai I9Iq-softh 4.3; nt I9ru.3 TEMPERATURE iT TABLES. BRITISH NORTH AMERItCA.-.SO UTH OF LATITUDE 66~ 3o'. NAME OF STATION. 4I 12. Fort Churchill. 5805~/ 94030/ 20 — 28.0 — 20.~ 12.~ 20. ] 38.~A 50.~ 58.~ 50.~ 42.0 28.~ 5.~ — 18.~ 13. Fort Churchill. 58 5~ 94 30 20 — 21.21 - 7.31 - 4.63 16.29 28.42 44.69 56.80 53.39 36'03 26'50 3.32! —14'00 14. Fort Enterprise. 64 28 II3 06 85~ __5i55 7 __25.88 _I3.48 5.78 31.2o 3I.59 21.75 - 1.70i —3o. 54 15. Fort Franklin 65 I2 I22 45 230 — 22'34 — I6'75 -- 5'39 I2.35:35.I8 48-02 52 IO 50"56 4I~00 22'47 -- ~'11I —IO'9 I6. Fort Nascopie. 54 25 65 22 -IO.I - 1.7 8.o I7.4 3I.O 43.3.... - 28.8 15.8 -- 2.8 I7. Fort Norman 64 30 125 OO 200 — 23. 05 — 12.93 - 9.48 14'28 47'68 ~ 8. Fort Prince of Wales 5 —25.6 — 17.5 -- 9.2 21.2 3 440 28.0 5.7 5~5 18. Fort Raei. 62 4 I 09 oI — 23 15 -23.15 2.68 18.64 41.53 23.65 + 1-08 -17-91 20. Fort Reliance 62 46 iog oo 650 — 25.01 — i8.85 — lO.47 8.23 36.03 1.~ 3'44 —I7'~7 21. Fort~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~'eouto 26.0 12o4 25 21. Fort Resolution 6I IO 113 5o 500 -25.60 9.95 12'88 4~. I4 26.'6 12.00] 23.59 22. Fort Simpsona. i62 Io 212 2o0 300 I 346 — 10.43 4 4.47 25 94 47.89 63.~50 6o.8I 53 23.20 7.5- - 9.22 23. Fort Simpson 62 IO 121 20 300 - 7.6 - 2.3 - 6.5 32.8 52.2 31.2 6.4 -I8.6 24. Fort Simpson 62 IO 121 20 300 -I8.13 -12.87 II.90 24.27 46377 6I.8o 27-00 4.27 -I4.47 25. Fort Simpson, 62 IO 121 2o 30o —I5.43 - 9.98 - 3.87 26.13 49.45 64.87..44.91 25.4 5 I.21-I5.97 26. H-1ebron 58 2o 63 30 - - 5.24 - 5.31 4.62 16.83 33.o1 36.61 43.57 49.I~ 38'84 29'43 23'58 5'I8 27. Hebron 58 20 63 30. 5.03 - 0.04 9.93 21.76 32.69 41.4I 47.4I 48.O4 39.89 29.59 I9.36 3.83 28. Isthmus Bay'. 53 47 56 30 8.55 7.IO 24.79 27.76 36.14 45-59 I 1 89 29. Kinogumissee 49 5~ 84 oo IOOO 3.27 Io.70 1.2I 33. 29 42.30 62.28 64.25 61.35 48-47! 3837 22.85 30. Little Whale Rivers 56 02 77 30 I2 -- 9.88 — I2.o5 14.63 20.45 33.08 37.95 50.83 47.20 [38-94 32.'1 I3 17'15 - 2'I5 31. Moose Factory. 51 15 80 45 30 -- 7.28 - 4-95 9.05 25-53 39.33 52.56 59.12 56.67 45-83! 36.20 21'70 4'52 32. Moose Factory 51 15 80 45 30 -io.86 - 4.85 14.29 I5.80 40.40 44.96 56.40 58-40 47.62 37.17 I&854 — 4.54 33. Nain..... 57 IO 6I 50 — I.87 - 3.87 6.35 27.50 37.I7 43.47 50.45 5I.'80 44.82 33.I2 23.o0 6.8o 34. Nain 57 Io 61 50 5 4. 35. Nain 57 Io 6I 50 - 4.33 — 3.2I 8:74 1921 3i.66 37-44 44-03 51-OI 41-04 26.03 24- 71 7.70 36. Nain. 57 o 61 50 - 3.84 — o.69 9.46 22.66 32.83 41.78 48.22 51.1o 42.21 32.13 22.628 3.38 37. Nain..... 57 IO 6I 5o 0.95 3.5I 7.52 29.97 36.23 42.53 50.18 50.99 44.98 33.98 26.51 6.5 38. Norway House.. 53 5~ 98 00 - 7.13 - 2.36 7.58 27.40 44.62 54.99 63.55 61.13 46.40 31.o9 I2.48 1.o6 39. Okhak.. 57 45 63 20 2.15 1.95 8.25 29.0 38.25 44.65 51.65 52.0 44.45 31-15 22.4 8.45 40. Okhak ~ ~ 57 45 63 20 - 5-33 - 2.04 11.28 23.92 33.14 43.00 49.46 51.31 4I.90 30.33 2I.99 4.06 4I. Oxford House 55 oo 95 00 400 —22.06 - 1.90 8.57 28.62 38.O. 17.53 13.291 —23o6 42. Pelly Banks. 62 45 130 45 I400 -2I'95 - -I4.73 - o.99 20o.44 -13.98 43. Red River Settlement 49 0 5 97 oo'600 14. o5 16.72 41.41.. 57. I6 63.o8. 50-o6 32.30 1 6.oo 5.82 44. Red River'Settle-:ill ment.... 49 05 97 oo 653 - 1.79 - I.O9 18.25 33.38 51.62 62.82 67.56 6 4.62 54.91 40.93 I8.79 — 0.46 45. Rigolet.... 53 30 58 21.. — 68 4 1.57 20.36 27.05 33.95 42.36 22'35 3'28 46. Rigolet. 53 30 58 21. —o.8I —2.87.13.43 26.62 34.69 41.66 5I.69 50.96 4I70O 32I8] 21.84 4. I8 47. Rupert House 51 30 78 40 20 -- 4.09 - o. 68 7.64 21.o5 41.5I 34.80 23.33 15.59 48. Victoria....48 55 I23 22 64 38.o9 42.22 44.79 48.67i 55.5I 49. Winnepeg... 49 52 97 oo 650 8.96 5.78 I3'36 39.46 56.6i 6i.65 66.2o 64.35 55-73 39-99 25-70 8.23 50. Winowkupa 53 57 9'70 -- 007 I5'15 24'3- 42'83 32'03 19'83 — 3'85 5I. Winter Island 66 Io 83 TO -22.96 — 24.97 — ii.64 5.5I 23.09 33-97 361 34 36~60 3.o61 12.51 7.751 —I2.94 6.6o 4.77 ~~19.21 33.53 47-67 9.948549~3.43 25.17 3.73 52. York Factory 57 0 0 92 26 - 5-I2 - 6.6o 4- 77 I92 3 )3 7~ 59-99 54-85 41-90 33~ 2I 37 NEW FOUNDLAND. I. St. John's9...47 34 52 40 14o 23.34 2o. 86 24.206 48. 56.o 57.86 52.96 44. 33.96 25.32 2. St. John'sl0... 47 34 52 40 I70 23. 77 23.49 30.33 35.47 44'46 52-75 59.49 6o.3I 55.83 44.27 36.25 27.95 3. St. John's... 47 34 52 40 I Morning, afternoon, and evening. e Corrected for daily variation by means of IDove's Toronto Table. a Series much broken. Mean for September interpolated, 4 Observations made at diaylight, warmest time of day, and after darkr. Value for September interpolated. 6 Hours of Oibservation 7m 8m N. 4. 5 5.5.'? Daily meansderived from"7/x 4 7t~- Tt —~o', l~ t2 t3 representing the observations at the above hours; the instrument used was a Negretti and 24 Zambra maximum and minimum thermometer, tested at K~ew. TEMPERATUItE TABLES. 5 BRITISH NORTH AMERICA. —SOUTH OF LATITUDE 660 3~'. C E! ~ ~ ~ SERIES. EXTENT OBSERVING'~ Ei = ~ OBSERVER. REFERENCES. ~:~ ~ ~ "~ ~4~ HOURS. Begins. Ends. yrs.mos. 12 23~.33 520.67 25. oo 0 — 220.00 I9~.75 i769 I o..... Dove, Rep. Br. Assoc. 1847. I3 13.36 51.63 21.95 — I4.I7 I8. I9 Feb. 1838; May,I8 39 I 3 Harding' Richardson. 14 7.83 17.21 — 24.00 Sept. I820; May, I82I o 9..... Franklin. Richardson. 15 14. o5 5o:23 21.12 -i6.66 I7] i8 Sept. 1825; May, I827 I 9 I8 times Franklin. Dove, Rep. Br. Assoc. I847. daily I6 18.8o. -- 3-73 Oct. I864; June, I865 o 9 7m 2a 9=,, H. Connolly. S. Coll. I7 I7.49 I862 j o 5 7m 2= 9 -big A. Flett. S. O. is 16.67 53-13 24-57 — 1%53 I8-7I 1768; 1769 I o.. Wales. Williams' History of Vermont. I9 19;I6 -2I.40 Oct. 1859; May, 1863 I 5 7f 2, 9a'big L. Clarke, Jr. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. O. 20 I I-26.2o.3i Nov. 1833; Mar. 1835 I o 15 times Back. Dove, Rep. Br. Assoc. - 1847. daily 21 20'99 o 7 8m 8a........ Richardson. 22 26.10 59-16 [26-24] — 1.o4 [25I2] I1837; 1840 2 6 8m 8= McPherson. Edin. N. Phil. Journ. Jan. I84I. 23 26.17 - 9.50 Oct. 1851; May, 1855 o 8 8 m 2 8= B. k. Ross. S. Coll. 24 27465 -15.16 Mar. i856; Apr. I859 2 I max. & min. B. R. Ross. P. O. and S. I. Vol. I. 25 26-48 23-o5 -I3.79 Sept. I859; A pr. 1862 I 5 7, 2, 9, big B. R. Ross, A. Flett, P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. O.!6 W. W. Kirkby. 26 18. 15 43.o9 30.62 - 1.79 22.52. 2 o........ Dove, Rep. Br. Assoc. 1847. 27 21.46 45.62 29.61 - o.4I 24.07 Sept. 1842; Aug. 1848 6 o 6m 7'N6' 7a........ Dove, 1857. 28 29.56 9.8 Dec. I785 June, I786 o 7 4 Cartwright's Labrador. 29 28.93 62.63 36]56 8~36 34]I2 Sept. 186o; Apr. I863 I 6 7m 2a 9a bis T. Richa c'. S.cO. 30 22.72 45-33 [29.41] 8.03 [22.36] Nov. 186i; Dec. I862 I I " W. Dickson. S. O. 31 24.64 56.12 34.58 2.57 28 19 Sept. 1857; May, 1862 2 5 " J. McKenzie. P. O. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. O. 32 23.50 53.25 34.44 6- 6.75 26.11 Sept. 1858; Aug. 1859 I O {)r 2a IO ~O J. McKenzie. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. 33 23.67 48.57 33.6'5 0 —0.40 26.37 Aug. 1777; Aug. 178o 3 x 8M N. 4,8= S M. de la Trobe. 34 23.90 48.38 33.44 o.6o 26.58.................... Bridgewater Treatises. 35 19.87 44.16 30.59 - 0,05 23.67 Sept. 1841; June, 1843 I I O........ Dove. 36 21.65 47.o3 32.21 - 0.38 25.13 Sept. 184I; July, I852........9. Dove, 6 ""' 37~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~... Dove, 1857.~ 37 24.57 47.90 35.16 3'66 27'82........ 3 o 8M N. 4= 8 a........ Dove, Rep. Br. Assoc. I847. 38 26.53 59.89 29.99 - 2.8I 28.40 1841; 1847 7 o max. & minn. Ross. MS. in S. Coll. 39 25.17 49.43 32.67 4.IS 27.86 1777; 178o 2 o SM N. 4= 8=........ Dove, Rep. Br. Assoc. I847. 40 22.78 47.92 31.41 - I.IO 25.25 Dove, 185741 250. 7 -15.67 Oct. I}33]'..lay, I834 o 8 7m'N. ~( 2 Richardson. 42 — i6.Sg Dec. 1848; Apr. 1849 o 5 3= dusk2 Campbell. Richardson. 43.... 32.79.... 1844 o 9 r 9m 3a 9=......... MS. in S. Coll. 44 34.42 64.98 38.21 1 — I.II 34.I2 June, 1855; Sep.. i6i 4 4I 7m 2= 9= D. Gunn. P. O. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. O. 45 27.I2 +] I.o6 Nov. 1857; June, I859 I 4 (Dr ( H. Connolly. P. 0. and S. 1. Vol. I. 46 24-91 48-10 31-91 2.08 26175 July, 186o; June, I863 2 5 7m 2a 9a bi, H. Connolly. S. O. 47 23.40 3 61 1839; 1840 o 8 Or(D, 1-5 Richardson. 48 49.66 1864 O 5 8m 3=, Io,f Dr. D. Walkcer. MS. in S. Coll. 49 36.48 64-07 40~47 7.66 37%17 Jan. I869; Dec. I870 I 3 7m 2. 9= big J-Stewart. S. O. 50 27.43 1.93 Oct. 1865; May, I866 o 8 " H. Connolly. S. O. 51 5.65 35.64 17 11 -20. 29 953 Aug. 1821; Jly, 1822 I o hi-hourly Parry: Parry. 52 19.I7 54. I7 33.50 - 2.66 26.05 June, 1830; May, 183I I M. N. E.8 Charles. Richardson. I I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I o... Chrl s Ric h a rdson. NEW FOUNDLAND. 1 32'28 53-99 43.79 23. I7 38.31 Jan. 1834; Dec. I83S 5 o max.. & min. J. Templeman. Printed Sheet. 2 36.75 57.52 45.45 25.07 41.2o Aug. 1849; Feb. 18 69 7 I...... G. R. Kennedy, J. Sm. Coll., New Foundland Delaney & sons, E. Aim. 1862, P. 0. and S. I. M.J. Delaney, R.C. i Vol. I., and S. O. Caswell. 3........ 40.80 1855; 1858 3 0.............. Trans. Nova Scotia Inst. Nat. Sci. Vol. I. s,, The exact hours of morning and evening are not specified; they have been corrected by Dore's table on the supposition that the hours were O~ and C)~'" 9 Colonial Secretary's Office. 10 Observations made in several localities (for the most part at " Colonial Building"), and at various hours. They have been corrected for daily variation by means of the general table. TEMPERATU RE TABLES. PROVINCE OF NOVA SCOTIA. ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ]AME OF STATION. 0 Cd 4 i. Albion Mines.. 45034/ 62o42/ 120 o19015 1'9~.42 27~.30 37~.43 480.73 1580.63 660.39 i650.54 56.30 o46~.47 350.75 230.98 2. Caledonia Coal Mine 46 1'2159 57 6o 19.27 19.70 24.23 32.77 41.42 54. I5 60.55 64. I5 57.03 45.67 36.22 24.88 3. Halifax.... 44 39 63 35 8~ 23.44 23.65 29.96 38.13 48.36 56.9~ 64.51 63.74 57.96 48.91 39.34 28.75 4. Halifax.... 44 39 63 35~ 5. Halifax..... 44 39 63 35 - 23.75 24.50 29.00 38.50 47.75 56-25 62.00 63.25 57.25 46.50 39.00 26.25 6. Halifax.... 44 39 63 35 130 20.20 23.31 27.47 37'26 47.97 58.92 63.98 64.15 58.31 46.11 36.04 25.18 7. Windsor..... 44 59 64 07 200 26.84 29.oz 36.33 48.96 61.o5 70.47 75.82 75.02 66.68 54.26 40. 61 32.12 8. Windsor.... 44 59 64 07 200' 23.27 22.49 30.63 38.07 48.48 60.35 66.05 64.68 57.25 46.26 37.3I 25.54 9. Wolfville..... 45 06 64 25 80 21.73 23.84 28.98 39.86 50.06'6o.o3 66.22 65.26 57.24 47.28 38.I8 26.36 PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND. 1. Charlottetown 46 12 63 co.. 17.9I 23.52 27.81 37-.60 51.59 6o. i 69.48 67 68 59.49 45.79 37.49 28.60 PROVINCE OF NEW~ BRUNSWrICK.. Fredericton... 45 57 66 40.. I7. 24. 33. 4o. 37:- 48.5 65.5 69.75 6r.5 47.5 3r. I 3.5 2. S t John....45 22 66 04 I35 18.21 21.97 27.81 36.35 46.33 54.49 59.27 590oi 54. 80 44.53 35.59 22.96 PROVINCE OF QUEBEC (CANADA EAST). I. Fort Coulonge. 45 55 77 04 250 II-33 15.72 28.74 40. 55 54.3~ 65.4o 69.4o 66.46 56.28 45..o5 31.30 I7.o0 2. Island of St. Helen$ i 45 30 73 33 60 13.53 I7.68 24.90'38.37 53.97 64.73 68.91 68.04 57.62 46.50 i 3r.58 I9.66 3- Montreal... 45 31 73 33 60 14.66 I8. I3 28.43 41.94 58.06 68. 12 78.89 69.67 60. 23 47.43 33.83 18.96 4. Montreal ~. ~ 45 31 73 34 57 I5.00 I7.5I 29.45 43.53 58.14 68.37 73.14 70.79 60.64 46.46 33.71 19.07 5- Montreal... 45 3I 73 33 1 ~~ I 14.52 16.2o 28.63 41.84 58.99 71-0r 74.46 73.12 62.42 47.o5 33.97 19.29 6. Montreal ~ ~ 45 31 73 33 50I 15.o00 6.40 28.40 39.8o 55.40 66.20 71.oo 68.40 55.80 44.60 34.40 I780 7. Montreal 45 31 73 33 Ii8 12.29 17.'27 27-05 40.76 55.59 67.~1 70.98 68.32 6o. 21 47.66 35.50 9.65 8. Montreal... 45 31 73 33 9. Nicolet.... 46 14 72 32'.. I3.26 13.26 27.22 23948 52.69 63.58 68.50 67.83 57.9~ 44.32!32.27 I7.24 lO. Quebec..... 46 49 7 121.. IIO. IO. 22. 40. 52. 67. 69. 67. 51- 44. 36. 20. 11. Quebec.... 46 49 7r 12 300: 9.88 I2.79 24.36 38.66 52.88 63.69 66.81 65.5I 56.25 44.13 31.54 I7.28 12. Quebec6.... 46 48 71 12 330 I3. Quebec6.... 46 48 71 12 330 63-93 63.65 50o21 45.28 14. Quebec.... 46 49 71 12 1.9. IO.;8 I1.83 28.38 39.40 53.58 65:27 71.29 70.77 57.50 43.70 34.32 I2.64 15. Quebec..... 46 49 7I I.. I15.91 I2.65 22.66 39.65 54.84 63.95 73.40 66.88 62.38 42.80 33.13 13.89 i6. Quebec..... 46 49 7 1 12 17. St. Anne..... 47 24 70 05 I751 It.~5 185-35 25-IS 36.23 22.00 I8. St. Martins... 45 32 73 46 II8 IO.94 -6.56 25.26 39.78 545.77 65642 7I48 674;2 58~ o 46 22 31.73 16.33 19. Sherbrook9... 45 25 71 53.. 118.5 11.9 22.9 35.9 38.9 64.3 56.7 20. Stanbridge... 45 08 73 00 222 14.68 16.90 25.43 39.81 54.32 64-07 68.32 65.71 56.87 44 18 33- 15 I9527 Observations for 1853-54, at 7m 2, 9,' v. Results from three observations daily, at hours not stated. a At the even hours. The values for 2m and 4m were interpolated from the readings at midn't and 6m, and by means of a minimum thermometer. 4 Corrected for daily variation by means of the general table. At the Barrackts, R. A., opposite Montreal. During the first year, the observations were made bi-hourly, at the even hours; during the second, hihourly, at the odd hours. a Cape Diamond. TEMPERATURE TABLES. [r PROVINCE OF NqOVA SCOTIA. i tl /t tY m~ l )I —'i: ~~~~~~~~~~SERIES. EXTENTI OBSERVING' Ej~ ~ ~~~~C OBSERVER. REFERENCES. r/l "C:: 3(~~~~~> Begins. Ends. yrs. mos. I 37~.82 630.52 460.I7 200.85 420.09 1843; 1854 ]II I [, 9m a39aI g I-, Poole. MS. in S. Coll. 2 32.81159.62 46.31 21.28 40~00 Jan. i867; Dec. i869 3 o max.&min. H. Poole. Trans. Nova Scotia Inst. Nat.' ~ ~ / Sci. Vol. IZ. 3 38.82 -72 48-74 25.28 43'64 Oct. 1845; Feb. z186z lo 6 6m 3a aa Genera, C. Harrison. Dove; Board of Trade First Paper; P. O. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. 0. 4.( ~~.... 1I 43.65 l 86o; I8S63 4 0............... Trans. Nova Scotia Inst. Nat. Sci. Vol. I. 5 38'42 6~.50 47'58/24'83 42.83 Jan. 1863; Dec.i866i 4 -o....... Colonel Myers. Trans. Nova Scotia Inst. Nat. i.Sci. Vols., and II. 6 37-57 62-35 46-82 22.90 42-4I Jan. i867; Dec. i869 3 o bi-hourlys F. Allison. Trans. Nova Scotia'Inst. Nat. 7 48.78 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Sci. Vol. II. 7 48'781 73'77 53'85 29'32 51.43 Jan. 1794; Dec. i8ii 17 4................oll. 8 39-o6 63.69 46.94 23-77 43-36 M/ay, i867; June, 863 3 5 7ra 2a 9a Profs. j. D. Everett, P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. O. H. How, and J. M'.[ 9 39.63 63 84 47 57 23 98 43 75 Sept- I855, Dec. 1870 oi r 6 A.. S. tuart C. F. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. 0. Hartt, D. F. Higgins. PRINCE EDWARDH~~ ISLANtTD. I 39~oo_ _ 78 47 59:2334 43t93.......... I 0................ Dove,.857. PROVINCEItJC OF NEW BRUNSWiSV~ICK.~ I I I I Ii rr,, - -~i I 36'67 61'25 46'67 18.'17 4~. 69.......... I o.............. Dove, Rep. Br. Assoc. I848. 2 36'83t57'59144'97 2105 [40'II Dec. lS63; Dec. I870 7 o 6 2a Ioa G. Murdoch. S. 0. PROVINCJE OF QUIEBEC (CANAD~A EAST). ] 21 12~/7~ i442 i I4'6 rl 4 1 8 --- J a n. - 1 41.20 67-09 44.21 14.69 4r.8o Jan. 1824; Dec.I83I 8 o i., N.(D, Severight] S. Coll. 2 39-oS 67.23 45.23 i 6.96 42.12 Aug. Is39; July,1841 2... J. S. McCord. Printed'Report, Montreal, i842. 3 42'81 72'23 47. z6 17.25 44.86 1826; I$40 J 5 o matx. & min. J. S. McCord. Drake. 4 43.71 70.77 46.94 17. I9 44.65 Jan. 1826; Dec. 1852 27 o 7m, 3a W. S. Kakel. Hall's MS. Phil. Mag. 5 43.15 72.86 47.81I i6.67 45.I2 Jan. I845; Dec.1853, o 8 la I'6a L. A. I-. Latour. MS. in S. Coll. 6 41.2o 68. 3 44-93 16.40 4277 Jan.......DecI850 5 o Dr. Bethune. S. Coll. 7 4I-I3 6877 47-79 r6.40 43-52 Sept. 18553 Ju~eIsG~ 6 5 7m 2, Dr. A. n! Hall. P. 0. and S.;. Vol. I, and S. 0. 8 4145 1857; S J I I........ Trans. Nova Scotia Inst. Nat. g 39~80 66.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 ~~~Sci. Vol. I. 39.8o /66.64 4483 14.59 41.46 Jan.,838; Dec. 1846 9 o 6m, 3s Desa nniers. S o ll. o0 38.oo 67'67 43'67 13'33 40'67 1743; 1744 1I o Gautier. Sill. Journal. /, 38.63 65j 34 43. 97 I3.32 40~3I Jan. I8o9; Dec. ISI8 Io o...... Dr. Sparks. S. Coll. I2 37~19 182831 1836 0 [Wttt 13 IS29 O 4..'. I4 40~45 69. II 45. I7 12.82 41.89 1845; I847 2 Dove, 2853: 1I5 39.o5 68.08 j46. o I415 41-85.Bouchette. i63884 6. o 6.4 1418 4-7......... Bridgewater Treatises. 17 I7-13 Dec. i 8-~~166";,'' r. i867 0 5 7. 2 a 9a bis J. O'Donohiie. S. 0. IS 39-94 68. o7 45-52 1 A.6i 42.03 Jan. i 85 I; Jan. iS62 IO I Mm 2a 9a Dr. C. Smallwood. S. Coll_., P. 0. and.S. I. Vol. I, and S. 0. z9 | 32'57 I " ]'/.- // -. I836 [ o 7 [, Qr, 9,] Z. Thompson.. Coll. 20 39.85 66.03]44.73 16.95 41.89 Mar. IS56; Dec. 170 11 A 7 9 o I A TT T -D I —-,I- I C' T T - I [. J I ~~Gilmour. ]1 Hours of observation 6m 9m N. 3a 6~. 9.~.~Captamn Lefroy, in the " Canadian Journal" for November, 1852, notes a diminution of 2~.5 in the mean] 11annual temperatur-e, resulting from the last five years of this series, when compared with that for the first four years. It appears to be due to a change in I~ he hours of observation.~C-~ Observations for 4 years 6 months ~f this series were made at 6m 2s I~a' Trhey were referred t~ 7m 2a 9a by means of the general table,~ [1 Observations for the fir-st five months at " Hatley," a few miles to the southwest of " Sherbrook." TEMPERATURE TABLES. PROVINCEOFONTARIO (CANADA WEST). ~ i I ~__~_ ~ ~ ~, ~ ~ ~.-~ "'~ ~ o ~..... I. Allcaster.... 43~I5/ 8o~o7/ 27o.5~:5~.45 37~.64 3o~.23 2. Brantford 25'87 / 35.88 [ 5~.5o I 6x.75 [72.62 178.75 75.38 I 63. x3 [ 49.oo ] 37.44 28.22 43 08 18o x4 [33~'79 [43~'80 I 54~'6~ [63~'20 168~'73 66~'42 [59~'~1 [47~'34 3. Cliftonl. 43 ~5 [ 79 06 26.60 [ 36.57 [ 39.27 [ 50.89 [ 68.6I [ 73.83 7o. 6916o.3ol47.9813.9.5o 28.60 4. Fort William /l 27"?0.. 48 23 / 89 22 x8. I6 ~'[I 5'7~ 8.22 [ 22.72 I 31'42 [ 48.87 [ 58.73 / 62'x9 I 58-84 ] 48'~6 { 4I'88 ] 23.43 26'29I t I i I 33.73 43.6a 556oI ~ f72.46 5. Hamilton 2 ~ ~ ~ 43 I5 I 79 57'[I 26.43 66.47 7o.44 61.86 49.65 39.84 9-93 I 6. Kingston. ~ ~ 44 I3 / 76 29 2o.5 6.5,[[ I6.O [ 32.0 [ 48.0 2 I 56'o [63'0 [68'5 I68'0 [62'5 [46.0 132.5 44 I3 / 76 29 /i is99 t I 7. Kingston 5.99... 9.88 27.oi 65.99 70.00 2 8. Kingston ~ ~ ~ 44 I3 / 76 29 " 9. Kingston... 44 I3176 29'-";~ t s8~ / I 167~ 16999149~ }3699 23'I4 [ 34'~~ 1 4~'2~/59'62/63'49166'26/6d'53159'~7148'~9 [3~'34 IO. Kingston ~ ~ ~ 44 I3 76 29 ~] I I. Lake Temiscamin~ I9'~7 gue..... 47 x9 [ 79 3~']t 9'23 I8.44 24.4x ] 39.o4'/ 49.35 { 62.75 ] 67.28 / 65'58 [ 53.39 [40.83 [ 25.97 ~7.68 x2. Michipicoten ~ ~ 47 56/ 85 06 I I6.66 ]49.67 I44.92 2.38'I[ I~'63 26.09 ] 34.66 [ 5x.88 [ 55.00 [ 57.o3 [ 6o. o4 2 [29.Ol 13. Michipicoten ~ ~ 47 56 [85 06 5,1[ 8.72 12.62 23.84 [ 39.o0 [ 52.3~ [ 59.oo [ 7o.oi [64.68[ 57. II [46.32[ 32.33 22.21 I I4. Michipicotena 60.80 } 51'~~ 1 42'82 / 29' 62.. 47 56/ 85 06 5.79 6.09 x6.62 / 36.o5 / 42. I2 ][55.521/ 59.03 4.69 15. Niagara.... 43 ~9 [ 79 06 7 27'~5 3~'8x / 43.57 ] 49.67 [ 6~'8~/.- t " I 5x'x7 I 38'47 4.60 i6. Venetangushene 5'/[ 4.38. 44 48180 so'/I 2;'50 21'23 3~.82 ] 37.48 / 55'~9 t 67'85 / 73'x5 / 68'72 54.93 48-83 I 37.85 32 17. Toronto. 43 39 / 79 23 1~[[ 22'24 x9'~7 [ 29'4I t 4~'44 / " ] " ] " [ 34.75 26.oI 18. Toronto$. / [ 43 39]79 23;:[[ 23.13! 4I'~9 / 5I'52 } 61.6o ] 67.3o [ 66. o6 [ 58. I7 [ 45.80 2 36. 73 6.05 23.03129,57 ALABAMA. I. Ashville.... 32.75 5I.I3 42.46 49.73 63'50 70'93 72'63 74.33 67.46 60.56 46.27 45.7~ 2. Auburn.... 82I 42.98 49.5~ 53.oI 64.35 7x.36 77.66 80. o8 79. I2 76.48 62.88 56.65 48.96 3. Bon Secour6 ~ ~ 56. I7 62.73 8o. Io 79. o3 4. Cahawba 78.49 50.45...... 58.51 54. x7 ~ ~ ~ i&olI 82'25 80'56 75'39 57'4~ 57.48 5' Carlowville... 4OOlt 46.98 52.89 58. o2 63.47 7;.86 78.58 81.82 80.42 74-54 64.98 54.32 48.76 6. Coatspa*.... 35~.. 49.98 53.~3 6o. 55 7x.45 76.23 80.35 79.84 74.~o 66.70 53.03 43.78 7- Elyton, near.... 46.oo 50.03 59.29 7o. x9 76.59 8~.2I 79.34 72.79 63-57 49.78 4o. o8 8. Erie..... 52.2[ 57.20 66.54 66.74 76.20 8~.38 84.78 82.72 76.99 67.02 55.32 54.3~ 9. Erie..... 45.62 51.86 58.92 63..92 73.83 75.70 8o.8~ 81.5~ 75.~9 64.80 53.20 47.24 xo. EutawS.... 4~.27 52.22 58.04 65.68 73.58 79.93 82.40 80.69 73-73 6x.84 50.47 45.20 x~. Florence.... 45.5 42.8 63.0 63.5 7~-0 77.3 77.0 78.7 72.6 59.0 56.5 44.3 I2. Fort Morgans.. 20 55.29 50.34 56. x6 65.I~ 74.97 8o.ox 82.~8 8x.38 76.96 70.94 6o.86 56.84 13. Fort Morgan.. 20 58.96 55.5o 63.6~ 69.33 7~.o4 80.86 85.34 86.64 82.95 71.83 60.93 55.84 I4. Greene Springs.. 5o0 43J6o 49.49 56.o~ 62.75 7o.79 76.99 79.58 78,77 73.09 6~.9~ 52.o7 45.77 ~5. Greensboron ~ ~ 45.39 50.47 56.~6 6~.9~ 7~.3~ 76.92 79.3~ 78.28 72.22 6~.97 52.60 47.2x 350[[ x6. Huntsville... 6oo/[ 42.o6 42.59 5~.34 6t.3o 67.25 74,23 76.39 76.24 7o. I5 59.5~ 49.74 4x.8~ ~7. Mobile.... x5 5t-3 53.7 59.4 67. t 74. I 77.8 79.8 79.4 76. t 65.7 57.0 52.3 i x8. Mobile.... ~5 55.25 55.57 65.64 7~.00 76.37 82. x7 82.4x 82.76 77.59 67.95 59.92 54-32 [ ~9. Monroe.... 56.99 62.97 7~.97 73.00 75.98 78.98 79,99 6x.99 20. Monroeville.. i;o 47.9~ 56.4~ 62.78 65.59 73-5~ 78.3~ 79.99 8~.x5 76. x3 69-46 56.38 52.73 2~. Montgomery'. t62/[ 46.98 52.73 60.88 63.80 75.49 77.62 22. Moulton.... 643 41.66 47.47 52.63 6x.46 68.49 74. I7 77.20 73.40 6~.4o 5o.~9 5o. x8 7~.48 7~'I9 56'95 48'33 42'93 23. MountAiry... 60.96 78.91 82.45 85.85 77.8o 66.22 54.69 47.73 1t 2~.. Mr. Vernon Arsenal 54.20 60.09 66.6o 74.05 78.48 8o. I5 79.85 76. I7 66.03 56.84 5;'37 25. Newbern.... 26. Opelika, near,. 45.77 50.7~ 5~.~8 62.84 68.;6 77.74 8o. I8 78.4I 74.8I 62.3~ 5x'89 47.94 52.o8 46.93 27. Orville.... 2oo[/499.... 6~.97 56.45 45.00 2oo[/ Near Niagara Falls. They were made at various hours, and have been corrected for daily variation by means of the general table. Corrected for daily variation by means of Dore's Toronto table. ~ Value for June interpolated. t,, The readings were recorded regularly at 8m N. 5~ 8~. When the highest or lowest temperature for the day occurredat other periods it was registered." Magnetic and Meteorological Observatory, in the grounds of the University of Toronto. The hours of observation for [840 are not known, but the 3o, I848, hourly. bi-hourly. From January, I853, to the end of the qeries, the observations were taken regularly at 6m 8m 2a 4~ ~o~ and M., "excepting on Sundays, Christmas day, and Good Friday, when the instruments were read at 6m 2~ only. These latter readings, though recorded in the daily register, are not v,.~.;~J................................. -..................... -7-.................. -..................... j TEMPERATURE TABLES. 9 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO (CANADA WEST). 4-1 ~ v:SERIES. EXTENT OBSERVING r/l ~ ~ Begins. Ends. yrs.mos. HOURS. I 44~.06 66~.12 48~.00 27~.73 460.48 Jan. 1835; Dec. 1845 II o 9m 91 Craigie. S. Coll. 2 49.71 75.58 49.86 27.03 50.54 Nov. 1836; Dec. 1844 8 2...... McDougal. cc,, 3 42.24 7I.o 4 49.26 May, x867; Dec. I870 I 6 W. M. Jones. S. O. 4 34.34 59:92 37.82 Io.69 35;69'8'... Richardson. 5 44.34 69.79 50.45 27.55 48.o3 Jan. 1846; Dec. I859 13 6 9m 9~ Dr. W. Craigie. Can. Journ. Feb. I854, and P. O. and S. I. Vol. I. 6 45.33 66.50 47.o0 2I.oo 44.96 July, I843; Feb. I845 I 8...... Smith. MS. in S. Coll. 7 41.68 67.67 48.66 I8.29 4.4.07 I.......... 857........ 42'77 1856; T858 3 o............. Trans. Nova Scotia Inst. Nat. Sci. Vol. I. 44.56 I856; i86I 6 o 9'5m 3'5a J. Williamson. S. Coll. Io 44.6I 66.o9 48.50 21.o6 45.07 Jan. I859; Dec. i86o 2 o....... 11 37.6o 65.20 40.. 2.......... (C), N. Os2 Severight. Richardson. I2 37.54 57.36 4I.2o I6.56 38.I6... 8 a Keith. I3 38.38 64.56 45.25 14.52 40.68 " 27' I' 8m 2a Swanston. Regent's Report. 14 3I'6~, [58-45] 41.15 8.86 [35.oi] Nov. i86o; Mar. I66 I 5 7m 2a 9a bis C. Rankin. S. O. I5 41.35 Feb. i86; June,IS63 o Io 7m la 9a H. Phillipps. S.0.. x6 4I1I3 69.91 47.20 22.70 45.24 May, 1825; Apr. I826 x o max. &min. Todd. Franklin's Second journey. I7 22.47 Jan. 183I; Dec. I839 4 o Dade. Up. Can. Med. Journ. I8 40.73 64.99 46.90 24.07 44117 Jan. 1840; Dec. I870 31 o........................... I 5I~90 72~63 58.Io 3 I9 m64 l87 ALABAMA. I 51'90 72.63 58. I~ 43.19 56.45 1857 I 0o T. M. Barker. P. O. and S. I. Vol. I. 62.91 78.95 65.34 47.I5 63.59 Jan. 1855; Jan. r858 3 O 2 Prof. j. Darby.'4..... J ~~~~~~~~~~~7m 2a'9a 3.. ~~.. 53.60.. Nov. i866; Sept. 868 o 7m2 9,b W.J. Vankirk. S. O. 4 63-43 I859 0 5 7m 2, Dr. M. Troy. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. 44 02 46 95 47 e Dec. 1870 72 7m 2a 9a bi Dr. H. L.A4zlison. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. O. 6 6i.71 78.8i 64.6i.. Aug. I859; Dec. i87o I o " 4 Rev. S. U. Smith,'..... Dr. S. K. Jennings. 7 59.84 79-05 62.05 1870 o xi cc E. B. Shields. S. O. 8 69.83 82.96 66.44 54.57 68.'45 May, 1824; June, 1825 1 22 6mN. 4a Osborn. S. Coll. 9 65'56 79.34 64.40 48.24 64.38 IS49; 1852 3 8 (% 9,, 3. 9. Jennings and Osborn. " " 1o 65.77 8i.oi 62.01 46.23 63.75 IS5o; 1853 2 2 cc A. Winchell. II 65.50 77.67 62.70 44.20 62.52 1849 - I o B. R. Gifford. 65.4I 82. ~9 69.5 9 54.16 67.59iJan. x835; Dec. 5867 2 5o'2' 1o" Assistant Surgeon. Ar. Met. Reg. 855, and MS. from S. G. O. ~3 67.99 84.28 7~.9o 56.77 70.24 185o hourly. Officers of U. S.C. S. S. Coil. 14 63.18 78.45 62.35 46.29 62. 57 Jan.!854; Dec. 1870 o o 7m 2 9a bis H. Tutwiler and J. P. O, andS. I. Vol.I, andS. W. A. Wright. I5 62.79 78.I7 62.26 47.69 62.73 June, 1856; Jan. I87o 6 6 " R-.B. Waller, Dr. S. "9 cc K. Jennings. 5699680' 75.62 5 9.38 0 142 o1...... DAllan. rake. 17 66.87 79.0 66.27 52.43 66.I4.Io o Patent Office Report. IS 70.67 8245 6849 55.05 6 9 S p.14o;'F eb. 1870 3 4 ma9 Feb. 170 3 4 7m 2,9, Dnr ~. S3.'B"Io[th, L. Am. Alm. i842 and folt., and B. Taylor. S. O. 9 69.31 78.32........ o c........ Dove, I857. 2o 67-29 79.48 67.32 52.35 66.6i 1849; I853 3 D.,.9 umn.S ol IS3 3 II(r m3a9 Cumming. S. Colt. 21 66.72 6i.66 49.96 Mar. 849; Apr. i86i I 5 0 Swan &J. A. Shepherd....c 759.I859; Dec. 869 3 8 7m 2a 9a bis A. J. Harris, A. D. P. O. and S. T. Vol. T, and S. O. Hunt, T. M. Peters, J. Shackelford. 23 82.40 66.24 185o; 1851 o 8 E), 9m-, 3a 9a Percival1. S. Coll. 24 6(.;I 79.49 66.35 5[.85 66'~5 Aug. 1840; Nov. i86o 19 4 10 Assistant Surgeon. Ar. Met. Regs. I855, and i86o, and MS. from S. G. O. 25 185o o 2 (Dr 9m 3a 9. A. Winchell. S. Coll. 62.89 78.78 63.07 47.8o 63.'13 Mar. 1867; Dec. 169 2 7 7m2 91bls E.B.&J.H.Shields. S. O, 27........ 1859 ~~~~~~~~~o 3 7m 2. 9a; Dr. S. K. Jennin~gs. P.O0. and S. I. Vol. I. incldedin te hurl meas o themonh."From 1841 to 1863, inclusive, the observations have been corrected for daily variation, but since the correctionto he eanof ny ne onthamonts inmaxmoto nlyabout +-o., and for the year to but'-b ~.o2,' it has been omitted from I864 —I87O. The duties of the observatory are carried on b~y the director, G. T. Kingston, A. M., assisted by Messrs. Walkcer, Menzies, Stewart, and Davidson. Observations in 1867-68 at Fish River, or Bolivar, 5 miles N.W. of Bon Secour.? Observations in August, 1859, at Livingston, 5 miles to the S. s Observations in 1853 at 7m 2~ 9,' No correction for change of hours has been applied. a Observations in 1867 at Fort Gaines some miles to the west. mO Observations at vmrious hours; they have been referred to the mean of' the day, makting use of the " Fort Mlorgan table." n Observations~from January, I868, to October, I869, inclusive, "64 miles east of Havana;" and from November, I869, to January, 187o, inclusive, "nea Grensboo."All the stations are within a radius of a, few miles, and have about the same elevation. 2 JULY, ~874. 10 i' ~3:P TEMPERATURI~E TABLE ES. ALABAMA~.I.-Continued.ued NAME OF STATION. 0 28. Prairie Bluff. /320OS/ 87032 -- j460. I5 580.05 570-48 650.o8 710-33 800-93 8I0g98 8IO-431 760.oo1 650-701 57'.65 29. Selma. J1 2 25 87 01 200( 49.69 50. 71 57-43 62.83 74~02 77-99 So. 66 79~IS 73.77 64~ 70 54~991 480.22 30~ Springhill... 30 41 88 07 157 53.46 53.2i 6o. 74 73~34 87.07 88-95 91,26 88.og 82. 811 71-38 64. 67 55-70 31- Springhill College 30 4i 88 07. I5711 ~ ~I ~ ~f ~ 77- 54 32. Tuscaloosal 33 I.2 87 39 245 46- 11 41-88 52.90 77-47 81 53 83-27 78.00 ~4~ 23 5I.o6 44.9o 33 Tuskiegee..3 25 85 46 59J'6 58-7o 63-74 73.67 34. Wewoka~ville 33 IS.86 12 44.2I 47.~20 82. 80 76.2 35- Yorktville. 133 24 88 S 6.29 79-93 8.45 55.o6 ALAS8KA. I. Fort Kafflak... 1157 48 152 2I.1 33 —o6 26-5I 33-99 3S.72 44-II 49.21 56 03 55-7I 52.I3 45.02 38-03 32.29 2. Fort Ken aj2...1 60 33 151 IS ~I ~I ~ ~I ~ ~) ~ 59-59.6o~iS 3. Fort St. Michael.1 63 28 1i6l 52. 1- 2-57 2I-37 20. 12 25-75] 39.28[ 50.27.52. I 54-55 ~ 32-47 4.23 I.00 4. Fort Tongass. 154 46 Ii3O 30 20 1133-96 36. 28 38-52 44-8~ 50.2S 56-42 58-7I 59-09 53-I2 48-SI 4T-05 38-07 5. Fort Wrangel. 156 28 I32 23 ~ 25-01 32-38 3I-SI 43-80 50. 54 55-99 58.25 58.26 Is 4~7 3~6 60 6. Fort Yukon...j 66 34 1i45 IS ~ i-6.85 )-26-44 -I 1. i6 12. 66 4I 2 5349 65~5 5~0 86 I~0-.zl-S4 7. Fort YLukon 66 34 145 IS 412 1-29-5 -I i.6 + O. 6 +41-3 8. Illoolooki4 53 54 066 24 29. 82 31-80- 30~ 79 35.72 4I.28 46.2I 50. 60 5I-91 43.66 36- 72 32.90o 29.64 9.Illoolook:..1 53 54 i66 2 I 3245 32.22 32 3o.6 32-45 37-17 43.00 47-73 53-15 49-32 40o-10 29-75 3I-55 I.Illoolook. 53 54 i66 24 35-1 34.0 28. 5 35-7 39-0 35-3 30-3 I I. K~otzebue Sound i63 00 52-33 43- 34-04 12. K~otzebue Sound. 66 58 1i65 07 15 -2.1-I 5~49 - -6. oo 14-49 29.99 38-77 50-04 43-94 38-39 25-00 1.10 5.24 13. Nulato.I... 1(64 4:2 157 55 ~ 1-I7.70 - I2.6o +14-87 26-40 46-47 9.I ~ ~~ ~~I ~ ~) )33 14. Point Clarence.. 1160 35 i65 00 - ~ i —Io6 1+ 0.74 +S 4-59 11-50 32.83 40-4I 5I-9I 44-9I 40. 68 2:2.62 0.63 0. 29 15- Point Providence6 64 I4 173 03 - 20. 50 i6.oo 6. 26 2I-49 29-50 38. 14 25-49 117~5I 3.74 16. St Paul' islan. jl57 15 I70 00 40 30-52 24. 68.0 9 326 828 44.891 ~) ~ ~I ~ 35 29.22 7-' Sitka.... 57 03 13- 20 20 3~ 63 39-70 42.85 48. s0 54-95 58-53 59-02 5~74~9 08 46 I S. Sitka.... 57 03 135 26 20 29-57 30.671 34-02 39-89 46.00 52-47 55.o8 55-10 50-05 44-03 37.69 35-91 I 9. Sitka7'..... 1157 03 /I35 20 20 1130-39 3I.69 34-32 39-58 45-84~ 5o.600 54.24 54-43 50-59 43-85 37.27) 31-76 20. Sitkal..1 57 03 r35 20 20 34. 96 36-76 38-04 43.67. 47-37 53-82 56. 86 57-34 53-341 48.20 40-SI 35-40 2I. Unalaklike..1 63 51 i60 44 -10 1-I640 6.47 ) ~..I..I.. ~1 3-13 ARIZON ~caA. I. Camp Bowie. 32 109g 50. 44-3I 48.68 54-95 62-41 70.661 79.68 78.23 77-09 75-0i 66. 78 55.63 48.62 12. Camp Colorado 3-4 08 1114 18 54-08 58-S3 64.66 71.26 79. 23 86. 96 92. 23 gi~o6 83-70 712. ii 63- 84 51-98 3- Camp Crittenden 3 I 3143 1II O 35 42.13 45-00 51-8~7 6i.89 69-41 79.25 77~336 74-53 73-3o 6i-33 53.641 42. I 4. Camp Date Creel~-s. 34 18 /II2 40!3726 43-52 47 —35 51-7- 6i.49 70-38 8i.i6 83.69 Si.66 76-4i 6-.48 53.2I 45-71 5- Camp El Dorado 35 45!II4 50 -- 52.92 53.20 74. 85 80-34 88-78 94-17 6. Camp Goodwin. 132 52 1109 51 —. 1 44.63 49-84 56.27 65~47 74~ 83 82.91 87-o6 83- 52 79-58 69.00 55-08 46.og 7. Camp Grantg 332 -5 I. 7.2 I49 I 57-77 I 66.25 76. 62 8_5.5 5 87 —5.3 8.3.6o 79-18, 70 —141 58.24. 48. I TETMPERATURE TABLES. 11 ALABA.MA. —Conti nued. E Ei SERIES. EXTENT OBSERVING' ~: OBSERVER. I REFERENCES. 9) cr, Begins. Ends. yrs.mos. HOURS. 28 64~'63 81'.45 660.45S.... I867 o II 7m 2a 9". bis W. Henderson, R.M. S. O. Reynolds. 29 64.76 79.28 64.46 49~.54 64~.51 Apr. 8588; Dec. I870 I II 7m 2a g~ Dr. S. K. Jennings, P. O. and S. I. Vol. x, and S. O. C. F. Fahs, R. B. Deans. 30 73.72 89.43 72.95 54.I2 72.56 I841 I o 9m N. 3. 9. Fabre. Printed Journal. 3I.866 o I 6m 2a A. Cornette. S. O. 32 80o76 64-43 44.30 Jan. 1854; Mar. I855 o 11 7m 2, 93 Prof. M. Tuomey, and P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. G. Benagh. 33 60.53........ 1842 o 4 7m Jennings. Regents' Report. 34 Aug. 1849; Feb. I854 o 4 7m 2= 9% B. T. Holley. S. Coll. 35 67.8I 1854 o 4 8m 2a 8a Dr. J. W. Payne. P. O. and S. I. Vol. I. ALASKA. 38.94 53.65 45.7m 30.62 42-07 Apr. i869; auc, 1870 1 5 7] 2 Assistant Surgeon. MS. from S. G. O. 2 187o o 2 cc cc 3 28'38 5;.32 ~ i 6.6o.. Oct. I865; Au.. I866 o II 7m 2= 9a bis H. M. Bannister, J. S.O. M. Bean. 4 44.56 58.07 47.66 36.Io 46.60 June, i868; Sept. I870 2 4 7m 2a ga Assistant Surgeon. MS. from S. G.O. 5 42.05 57.50 44.84 3II5 43.89 May, I868; Sept. 187o I Io.......... 6 14.25 59.71 I7.33 -23.91 I6.84................... Richardson. 7 1!~ I.. I.. i.. ii.. it I86I so 4 72, 9= R. Kennicott. S. Coll. 8 35-93 49-57 37.76 30.42 38.42 Oct. 1827; Mar. I867 7 I M. N. E. Bishop Veniamisnoff, Ex. Doc. (H.) No. 177 4oth I. Shayatnikoff Cong. 2d Sess. 9 33.42 47.97 39.72 32.07 38.30 2......... 2 0 Sil Ia.. Dove, I857. o. 33.i3 Oct. I867; Apr. 1868 o 7 7m 2= 9a Dr. P. Panshin. U. S. Coast Survey. 11 1826; I827 O 3 max. & min. Beeehey. Dove, Rep. Br. Assoc. I848. 12 12.83 44.25 21.5o — 7.42 17:79 I o hourly... Dove, I857. I3 29.25 — 13.21 Dec. I866; "(ay, I67 o 6 9m 1, 8a w. H. Dall. S. O. I4 i6.3I 45.74 21.31 — 3.34 2o.o0 July, i85o; June,1852 2 o hourly......... Dove, I857. 15 I9. I3.4I.......O 9........ I6 33.90 28. I4 Nov. i869; Dec. I87O0 o IO 7m2=9a Assistant Surgeon, C. MS.from S. G. 0. and U. S.C.S. 17 43-78 57- 50 47-o6 Bryant. I7! 43.78 57.5~ 47.06 35.55 45.97't I 1833; 1842 g 9/ 99m N. 3=9~ Wrangel, Veniamis- Dove,I853. noff, Cygnaeus. I8 39.97 54.22 43.92 32:05 42.54 Mar. 1842; 1848 5 6 hourly......... I9 39.9I 53.09 43.90 31.28 42.05 tVIay, I847; Sept. I867 16 I1 "........ Annales de L'Observatoire Physique Central de Russie, and Ex. Doc. (H.) No. I77, 4oth Cong. 2d Sess. 20 43-03 56.01 47-45.35-7I 45-55 Nov. 1867; Dec. 1870 3 2 7m 2a aa Assistant Surgeon, C. MS. from S. G. 0. and S. O. Bryant. 21...... Nov. I866; Jan. I867 o 3 gm N. 8 F. Westdaht. S. O. ARIZONA. 1 62.67 78-33 65-8I 47.20 63-5o Aug. i867; Dec. I870 3 5 7m 2 a a Assistant Surgeon. MSs. from S. G. 0. 2 71.72 90.O8 73.22 54.96 72.50 Jan. i869; Dec. 187o 2 0C CC 3 6I.o6 77.05 62.76 43.08 6o. 99 Apr. I868; Dec. I870 2 8.......... 4 61.2o 82.17 64.37 45.53 63.32 May, I867; Dec. 1870 3 8 5 -;867 o 6186 6 65.52 8. 5o 67. 9 46.85 66. ig Jan. i866; May, I87O 3IO 7 66.88 85.59 69.25 48.93 67.66 Dec. I86o' Dec. I870 4 IO 8. 2.3 187 o 8.......... 9 74 55 63'35 o'_2 I86 xo 6. 49 8. 52 71.461 5. 4 68. 8 Nov. x866' Dec. ~87o 4 o..... I I 69. 2I 90.20 72.65 52.27 71.o8 Sept. I866; D~ec. I87o 4 3 i..... 1~2 69.94 89.67 72.67 48. 98 7o. 31 Jan. I869; Feb. I87~ I 2..... I3....... 18~I ~ ~ i ~ )I67 o...... Corrected for daily variation. " In Sib~eria. Old style. The observations wvere taken at the Magnetic and Meteorological Observatory on Japonski Island. From May, 1847, to March, 1849, and for 1862 they were made hourly; from June, I849, to Dec. 1856, 17 observations were taken daily, hourly, from 6m to IOn; for the years I857 —I86I, and I863-64, I9 observations were taken each day, hourly, from 4m to IO=. The observing hours in 1867 not stated, but the corrections to them must be very smlall. The series has been corrected for daily variation by means of the Sitkra table by Schott. 8 In I867-68 called "Camp McPherson." 9 Formerly "Fort Breckenridg~e." t0 Also called " Fort Tollgate." 12 TEMPERATURE TABLES. A:.IZONA.-CC ontinued. NAME oF STAToN. d o4 a b' I4. Camp Verde 34~32 / III154"/ 44~.57 48~.49 530.45 6I~.63 7i~.55 8o~.80 87o.3I 79o.56 75~.7ii62~.i3 35IO~53 410.64 15. Camp Wallen 31 31I II.. 44.88 46. 53 54.14 60. 64 67.53 77.42 78.72 74. 92 71.69 63- 6I 52.3o 48.54 I6. Camp Willow Grove 35 34 113 27 36.58 38.70 44.o0 51.24 59.35 71.15 76.02 73'I6 68.99 57.99 44.06 41.49 17. Fort Buchanan. 31 40 1IC 55 533~ 39.69 44.62 5o.84 59.37 67.83 77.29 75.30 75.79 72.57 62.55 48.54 40.29 IS. Fort Canby.... 35 43 io9 xo 6500 24.o4 31.29 39.50 47.30 54.58 67.22 70.51 67.69 58-64- 47.36 37-57 26.37 ig. Fort Mojav6 ~ ~ 35 o 6 II4 35 604 52.23 56.42 64.06 73-67 80.38 90.o2 94.51 93.25 84.15 74.84 61.73 53.50 20. Fort Whipple.. 34 27 I12 20 5700 35.40 39.20 42.29 52.39 66.34 72.09 73.63 70.98 64.73 55.85 44.94 35.43 21. Tubac..3.. 3 40 III oo 3000 51.14 55'56.......... 8. 15 72-38 57.99 56.68 ARKANSAS. I. Camden 33 32 92 48 57. I6 2. Fayetteville 36 02 94 12 350I3.. 15 34.8 34285 3. Flippin's BarrenS2 0 63 4 52 6 682 8 2527 3. Flppin' Barrns~-.36 20 92 23 lOOO 4 o63.1.3 526 4.30 71 24 751 70 8248 i77.95'60.343'28 57 4. Fort Smith... 35 23 94 29 460 38. 17 44.33 50.92 62.35 69. Io 76.32 8o.23 7S-88 7 2. 48.77 39.I5 5. Fort Wayne.. 36 25 94 38.. 40.90 51.73 55.88 62.86 67.80 75.89 77.37 76.92 68.58 6o. 19 44.28 38. 53 6. Helena, near 34 36 90 36 4I.I7 44.87 53.89 6i.76 69.02 75.25 80.92 8o.14 72.67 58.32 52. 54 43. 23 7. Jacksonport. 35 40 91 15..81.90 79. I7... S. LittleRock.., 3440 9212 39.8 49.62 49.64 62.58 700.7 8I]61 80.82 82.27 75-7I 66.20 50]97 43.20 9. Springhill... 33 34 93 35.- 48.75 51.55 60.75 71.I5 76.70 62.50 60.83 l O. Washington,'nekr'i 33 44 93 4~' 660 42.96 47.60 53.84 63.06 69.87 76132 79187 78137 72.42 60.60 o.5059 43.28 CALIFORNIA.,. AlcatrazIsland 1 37 49 I22 25 i 53.I8 54-82 54.69 55.49 55.94 56.61 57.77 57.8o 59' 40 6o-31 58-99 55~ I 2. Angel Island4.. 37 51 I22 26 30 50.58 53.04 55.I5 58. IO 6o.I3 6i.51 63.91 63. I4 62.7I 6i.o5 58.27 52.66 3. Auburn.... 38 53 I121 04 1176 65.70 60. 40 90I39 SI~53 8i.65 6o.97 55. I 4. Benicia Barracks$. 38 03 I22 09 64 47'43 50'94 53'93 58"34 60.92 66147 67'.78 66975 66.S 6332 556.7 476SS 5. Cahto.. 1. 39 I5 I23 I7 2000 49.03 49.28 47.25 53. 70 59.18 65.45 76.08 72.75 65.35 60.07 54. o8 45.72 6. Camnp B3abbitt. ~36'22 191 7. Camp Bidwell 4 1 22 I19 IO 47o 0.42 32.776 95587 64.96 74.30 75.32 82.02 81.oo 64.50 5o.65 48.59 ~-Cm iwl 4 0I2 046SO 30-42 32.66 38-95 48.22 57.17 66.36, 73.87 73.14 63-04 50.41 41,48 33.82 8. Camp Cady... 34 58 I16 32 3000 46. 13 5I.04 58.76 70~08 76. 78 88.3I 92. 72 88. 9 0 79.75 64. I7 51.92 42.94 9. Camp Far West 39 07 12 I8 175 45.33 48.45 51.29 59.20 67'0 71'66 75.53 76.29 69.34 63035 52.3~ 44.85 1o. Camp Gaston 41 OI 123 34 44.33 45.57 50.22 56.12 62.48 67.86 73.96 72.37 66.IO 57.67 50.43 46.2I II. Camp Independnce 36 50!18 I 1 4800 37.87 I.29 48.o7 57.5~ 65.42 76.1 8I.Ol 79.61 7~.2 59.16 48.07 38.97 12. Camp Lincoln 41 5~ I 24 05. 45. 70 46.49 48.03 54.92 58.1i 57.75 62.02 58.82 58.35 55.47 51.54 49.33 I3-. Camp Union 38 32 I21 30 54 46.80 47.77 53.45 62.45 70.24 73. IO 76.69 74.09 70.29 63.5~ 51.39 49.68 I4. Camp Wright.. 39 48 I23 17. I 40.41 44.34 47.59 55'22 63-03 70.15 77.73 76.1I 67.67 59.o3 49.62 42.69 15. Chico. 39 43 121 48 15o 47.83 50.88 5I.3o 6o. 13 67.40 76. 30 85.78 8I.55 7I.7o 62.65 53.68 45.44 I7~n~6. Clayton.~.. 37 56!I2i 55 76 50.78 52.33 49.78 57.I~ I17. Crescent City. 4I 45 124 I2 1 2 42.93.... j.... 18. Downieville.... 39 33 120 49 20.. 70];3 59130 50-80 42-38 36]I9 19. Drum Barracks.. 33 47 II8 7 32 55.29 5i.34 56.35 6I. 12 63.93 68] 6 72.83 74.68 70.82 66.91 6i.39 56.02 20. Folsom 38 40 i21 IO 55.03 58.57 63.64 68.70 So50 77.54 74.80 62.82 zr.~~ ~otrg 3.19 56 ~2355.. 47.69 47.~7 49.11 5o. I9 54.36 57.98 59.64 57.34 57.81 54. I3 49156 491271 22. Fort Crook... 4I 07I2 29 i339~ 29.59 34.41 40.76 49.05 56.~91 64.85 72.36 71.~64 3I 6.9 50.91 41.49 33.52 23. Fort Humboldt7 ~ 1 40 45 124 Io'l50 47'29 47.55 49.22 51.84~ 55.o0 58.20] 58.o9 58. T5 57-67 54.o5 51-25 46. I7 24. Fort Jones7.. 41 36 I22 52 2570 32.19 38. 13 44. 75 52-~9 57.62 67.45 73.38 72.52 65.6j8 51.27 40. o9 31.92 25. Fort M1~illerT.I. ~379 oo 119 4o 402 47.61 53.09 57.80 64. 70 70.7~ 82. 86 88.53 57 ~4 ~8.9 ~7 ] Old Fort Defiance. The observations previous to 1855, were takten at (~)~ 9m 3, 9,, and have been referredi to 7m 2s 9, by means of the general table. 2 Observations in 1859 at Yellville, some miles to the southwest. 0 Observations at various hours; they hazve been corrected for daily variation by means of the general table. 4 Also called Camp~ Reynolds. TE~MPERATURE TABLES. 13 ARIZONA.-Continued.lued do ~~~~~~~ ~~~~~SERIES. EXTENT OBSERVING 2 E O~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~OSERVER. REFERE NCES. =r ~ ~ ~~~ ~~~egins. Ends. yrs. mos. HOURS. 14 1620.2I 820.56 1630-12 144'.9o 630.2o Dec. i868; Dec..IS70l 2 1 7n, 2a ga Assistant Surgeon. MiS. from S. G. 0. I5 60-77 77.02 62-53 46.65 6i.74 Nov. i866; Sept. iS69 2 TO I i6 51- 53 73-44 57-01 38-92 55.23 Feb. i868; Sept. i869 I S I7 59-35 76.13 6i. 22 41-53 59- 56 Aug. i857; June, I 86I 3 I1I I I C L Ar. Met. Reg. i86o, and MS. from S. G. 0. IS 47-13 68-47 47-86 27.23 47.67 Dec. 185 I Nov. i863 8 I1I cc L C Ar. Met. Re S. I85' and i86o, and M/S. from S~. G. 0. 19 72. 70 9:2~59 73- 57 54-05 ii73.23 June, IS59; Dec. 187o 6 5 1 ( 6 Ar. Met. R~eg. i86o, and MS. from S. G. 0. 20 53.67 72. 23 55. I7 36.68 54-44 Jan. i865; Dec. 1870 4 9 1 eiMS. from S. G. 0. 21 1. 70- 51 54-46 1 ISept. iS67; Feb. i868 o 6 ARKANK~ SAS. I ~~~~~~~~~~1855 0 I 7.7 2. 9. J. J. MCEc~ratb. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. 2 ~~~~~~~~~IS70 0 3 7.1 2.( 9. WS C. L. Mi3cClung. S. 0. 3 62.7 33 7S. 71 ~ 36-49 Nov. 1859; Aug. i86o o 10 ( W. B. Flippin. 4 6o- 79 785.48 6o. 65 40-55 6o. I 2 Jan. IS40; Dec. 1870 I9 3 3 Assistant Sargeon, Dr. Ar. Met. Regs. 1851,1855,i86o, Shumard, F. Sprin- S$. Coll., S. 0. and MIS. fr-om - g~~~ ~~~~~er. S. G. 0. 5 ~2~I8 76. 73 57' 6 43- 72 6o. o8 1114 I0 7j 7m 2.9 Assistant Surgeon. Ar. Met. Reg. 18516 6i.6 78-77 6i.18 43~ 09 6i. 15 Dec. iS65; Dec. I87Q 3 2 7M 2, 9, bis 0. F. Russell.. S. 0. 7 IS~I~ I ~ ~II ~ I159 0 2 7M 2a ga Dr. G. A. Martin. P. 0. and'S. 1. Vol. I. 8 6o- 76 SI.57 64. 29 44.21 62- 71 Jan. 1840; Dec. iS67 2 I Anthony and Dr. WV. Am. Alm. 1842, Ar. Met:. Reg. J. Goulding. ISPI and S. Coll. 9 69-53 1.. I. I. IOct- 1859; May, iS6O 0 7 7., 31L P. F. Finley. P. 0. and S. 1. Vol. I, and S. 0. 10 62. 26 7S- ig 6i. 20 44.6 1 6i-56 Jan. IS40; Dec. iS'7o 22 I 3 Dr.N. D. Smith, Assis. S. Con. to K~now. i86o, S. 0. Surg., H. Bish~op, MS. from S. G;. 0. and D~r. A. P. M~oore. CA~BLIFORNIA.,~I1. 55- 37 57. "9 59- 57 54-39 56.68 Feb. rS6o; Dec. 1870 8 6 7M 2 9 Assistant Surgeon. MCIS. from S. G. 0. 2 57-79 62.85 6o..68 52.09 58-35 Dec. iS67; Dec. 1870 3 I CC C CC C 3 1 ~~ I ~~ 1 74-72 A ~ I ~~ gIu. 1859; Ma', i86o 7 2, R. Gordon. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. 0. 57- 73 67.oo 6i-59 48- 75 58- 77 Nov. IS49; Dec. 1870 15 7 7m 2 9a Assistant Surgeon. Ar. Met. Reg~s. 1855 and i86o,Ind MS. from S. G. 0. 5 53- 38 7I-43 59-83 4S.O01 58. j6 Dec. iS69; Dec. IS70 I I m2 absDr. Thornton and S. 0. dauahter.. 504 79-45 49-42 1 ~I Nov. i863; Feb. iS66 I 8 7m 2a 9a 1 isant Surgeon- MS. from S. G. 0. ~7 48. I I 7I.12 5 I.64 32. 30 50. 79 Nov. iS63; Dec. 1870 4 9 8 68. 54 89.98 65.28 46-70 67.63 Jan. iS68; Dec. I870 3 0 9 59- 16 74-49 62-33 46.21 6o-55 Jan. 1850; Mar. I852 I 11 (Dr 9. 3. 9. IAr. Met. Reg. 185510 56.27 7 I 40 58-07 45-37 57-78 Sept. i86i; Dec. I870 8 8 7m 2a 9a (( MS. -fr-om S. G. 0. II 57-00 78-92 59.65 39-38 58- 74 Nov. iS62; Dec. I87/0 5 5 1 CCC C 12 53.69 59- 53 55 - 2 47- 1.7 53-88 Sept. i866; May, i869 2 8 1 C9, I 13 62.05 74~ 63 6i-73 48-08 6i.62 Apr. I 864; Aug. i65 1 4 c I4 55.28 74. 66 58. 77 42-48 57. So Aug. iS64; Dec. I87o 6 o I5 59.6i 8i.2i 62. 68 48-05 62. Sq Nov. i8693 Dec. 1870 1 2 7. 2. 9a bis W. F. Cheney. S. 0. i6 I8~I~ i~ ~I) ~ II70 0 4 I C. L. McClung. CC I7 ~~ 6o 0 I' R. B. Randall. cc9 is1. I. 50. 83 i ~I ~ Nov. 1859; Dec. I 86o 0 7 C C Dr. T. R. Kibbe. P. 0. and S. T. Vol. I, and S. 0. ig 6o.47 7 I.89 66-37 55- 55 63- 57 May, iS64; Dec. I870 5 IT: 7m1 2a2 9a Assistant Surgeon. MLS. from S. G. 0. 20 jg.O8 75~_ CS S6i O 8 V P. lake-flef-_ S. 0. 14 TEMPER A TU:RE TABLES: CALIFORNIA. —Co ntinued. NAME OF STATION. 0 Cd Cd I d/ 26. Fort Point'... 137'481 122029 1 27 500-59 510~s1 530. I5 550-52 570.61 580.93 59-86 1580-S4 1590-3I 1580-36 5600~44 520.22 27 Fort edig 27. Fort ReadingP 40 28 1i22 13 674 44-31 49-78 55-83 59.3 L 65-47' 77.69 82.96 So. i6 72.6i 64-52 52-30 43-10 28. Fort Ross... 38 33 123 15. 47.I8 48.04 49.95 51'26 55'32 56.9o 57.82 58.39 55.97 53.42 50-90 48.91 29. Fort Tejon... 34 S3 1'I8 S5 132401 436~t4'4tS. ~ S49[ 6~~ I- 746 J - Fort~ejon...11 34 3'IS 55 13634 50. IO 54-98 6o.01 71-49 76.6:2 7.6'6 68'35 58.75 48'49142'05 30. Fort Ter-Waw. 4I 30 123 52 43'72 47.84 49.15 51.70 54.35 59'63 59.79 6~.92 59.92 54-91 50-41 45-11 P~ Fort Yura3... 32 4611 14 441200 56.2o 6o. 97 66.62 74.02 795792 6408 56 32. Indian Valley 40 07 Ix20 50 3280 5o.65 39.20 3.Los Angeles./5'5 6o'87 33~ Los A) geles. 34 03 /ix8 15 457 58'83 55'12 58'33 7305 75l I39'2 34. Mare Island, Naval 38 06 ]122 15 3o0 48.46152.43157.00 71.28 69.6o 66.35 64.45 63.08 51.20 Hospital 35. Marsh Ranche 37 53 121 42 42.25 52.15 57-38 64 35 73-38 80-95 7937 55-38 53.25 36. Marysville... 39 09 I2I 34 80 45.39 51.o3 54.23 60.08 66.29 72'71 77.64 7484 72.97 63-90 54-07 45-46 37. Meadow Valley~ 26 647 375/,,415457.337 39 56/I21 02 [3700 32.54 35.,4 [ 4.o9 47.oI 53.o4 6o.59 66'97 64'71 t9'.o8 5o.I5 4~. 57 33'72 A Mon~roaterey6... 136 37 [121 52 40 50.o4 50o35 52.13 54.56 57.o5 58.67 6o.05 6o'47 59-95 57-94 54-01 50-14 39. Murphy's 38 08 120 28 22oo 38.19 42.98 48.92 54.13 55.5~ 62.48 75.73 76.93.[ 64.58 55.6o 42.95 40. New San Diego. 32 43 117 IO1 IO 54-59 56.01 57.30o 60.86 66.38 67 57 68-71 70~ g 68. i8 65-i6 6o. 89 53-30 41. Paradise City 37 36 121 04 125 44.98 45.12 42. Point San Jose' 37 48 122 26. 51.61,55.II 55.33 58/78 55i96 59-I2 6o.76 59-01 56-36 5o. 83 43- Presidios.... 37 47 122 28 15o 49.69 5I.o1 52.34 54: 52 55.37 56.91 57.62 57.87 59-I3 58-OI 54-70 50.25 44. Rancho del Jurupa 2 73 44. Rncho e Jurpa 3 02 17 27 000 5-31 3-89 6.89 4-42 63.56 ]71.83 76.22 |74.51 74.07 66'90 56'52 |52'37 45. Rancho del Chino. 33 59 117 4 4/ ooo 55.43 56.82 56.57 6o. 75 63,75 68]76 72- 5-4 72-63 70-o6 68-58 6o-39 53.61 46. Sacrmenito... 383412I26[ 52l 46.39 50.52154.44 59-42 63.65 70.05 72'79 7o. 74 68.82 62.85 53.49 46.85 47. San Benito... 36 08 /121 02 i40 46.46 46.77 |' 53.84 56.80 59.58 65-6i 68.27 67 00 62.26 54197 54-47 48. San Diego,. 1132 42 II7 14 150 53 55 1 54.60 57-ii 6o- 72 6259 6668. 70 32 72.02 69. 38 65/ i 59704 54.47 498 San Francisco... 37 48 122 25 130 48-81 5o. 8 53.24 55.24 56.4o 57-90 57-98 58.24 59-73 58-82 54-89 5o.66 50- San Joaquin 33 38 II17 48 49.3 57.4 56.6 65- 5 74.9 88.51.~ 82.9 78-1 7I 56. 6 49.7 51- San Luis Rey. 1'33 13 II7 20 201 52.01 50. 74 54-33 7o. 64 73-71 73.5o 65- 53 58- 50 50.6o 52. Santa. Barbara I 4 24 II9 43 201 ~ 58-38 64-05 63.3- 67-54 66. 63 70. 33 67-00 53- Santa Catilina Island 33 26. IITS 30 -- - 58. 96 58. 74 54- Santa Clara9 3 2 1I2I 54 100 48-95 52~ 5 1 63.29 6i.67 5~ 46.26 55. Siver Ceek. 1 40 o37. 0 "-53. G 28 56.13 ~7 ~ ~ ~ ~I ~I~ 53-33 4.r 55 SlvrCrek4 0 104037035-48 62.00 51- 55 38-48 33-95 56. Sonoma -8 IS I22 27 19 I3s5/9o 57- Stocktonio 1 37 57 121 I5 - ~ i 44-95 50- 51 55- 17 59~o04 64-92 68. 89 71-99 70. 34 67-93 62-66 58.63 49. I 58- Stony Point.. 6.38 40 122 50 500 6. i 6 968.25 59. Union ranche.. 37 47 4. - 50. 7 68.29 79.21 7353 63.65 2 4 t,392 ~ I21 /,3o0 s.98/ 8.470 393 748.02 5-.897 4s0.66 6o. Vacaville n J au38 2~ 121 53 175 50-49 52]69 54.7.I 6o 65.68 72. I5 74-73 72.23 73.o 68-58 6i.00 48I03 6i.. Visalia.... 36 22 ii j6 250( 44.82 51.27 50-48 59.22 68.50 75-40 84-85 82.08 70I73 59I98 50630 40.05 62. Watnvuilley. 65. 12 43 45 52.99'54~5 55-87 58 57 6o.38 62.4o 66.39 6576 52 615 56.08 49 730o 63- Yerba Buena Island 37 48 122 22 5f-97 52-I7 53-95 55- 85 57.27 38 79 6 5.63t 58. 5o 2. SantaBarbaral 6"4' 5 4 63'33 6.!OLORADO 2. Denve 3 4 2 4 t39 4 3110 2o tl..5 /65''~7 I83185 6~ 6.~2 7 263[ 670.3 67~6 4~83.00224 I_3. SantaCatlinalian l.... ()3 2 I5 08.96 58.4 37 ~6 27 5~ 22 66 43 56 439,0 8 2.0 1 berainso oesris woyar n fu 33h, t7 2,, eerfre o~.6/118cmbnd ihh 3~he 48ie.9 OSerain ro oI5 tO m3 a Icretonowsaplemaltn s fteHy~etTbe... ] ee / he 62'0 7, 5 5 5,.3'81/ 49'I6 mean is ~ ~ 3 18t / I22e 2 7[ Iool 50.96e f 52ur.8 / 3O TEMP ERATURE TABLES. 15 CA.IFORNIA.. —Co ntinued.,. ~ ~a g gSERIES. EXTENT OBSERVING HOURSa O.SERVER. REFERENCES. B- egins. Ends. yrs.mos. 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 26 55~.43 590.21 580.04 510.54 560.05 Jan. I86O; Dec. 1870 IO II 6m N. 60` Assistant Surgeon, F. MS. fiom S. G. O. and U. S. P. Thompson, W. Coast Survey. Knapp, H. E. Uhr~ landt. 27 60.20 80127 63.I4 45.73 62.34 Apr. 1852; Mar. 856 3 lO 0, 9m 30 90, Assistant Surgeon. Ar. Met. Regs. I855 and 186o. 28 52. I8 57'70 5343 48.04 52.84 Jan. 1837; Dec. I840 4 O 7m 20 60 " " Dove, S. Coll.; and Ar. Met. Reg. I855. 29 55.03 74.57 58.53 44.00 5803 Mar. I855; Aug. I864 6.9 7m 20,9, " " t Ar. Met. Reg. 186o, and MS. from S. G.,O. 30 51'73 6o. II 55.o8 45.56 53. 12 Apr. 1859; Oct. iS6I 2 3 31 73'40 92'07 75'66 57'96 74.'77 Dec. I85O; Dec. 1870 I4 II.' Ar. Met. Regs. 1855 and 186o, and MS. from S. G.- O. 32 187o o 2 7m 20 9~,bis M. E. Pulsifer. S. O. 33 5..27 June, 1847; Mar. 1848 o 6 0, 9m, 3.,90` Assistanlt Surgeo n. Ar. Met. Reg. 1855. 34 64.63 50.70 Jan. 1868; Sept. IS7o I o " J. M. Brown, W. E. S.O. Taylor. 35 57.96 77.90 May, i867; May, I868 o IO 7m 20 9abis F.'M. Rogers. 36 60. 20 75.06 63.65 47.29 6I'.55 May, 1857; Aug. I863 3 o " W.C. Belcher.- P. O. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. 0. 37 47.~5 64.09 49.93 33.80 48.72 Jan. I86o; June, I866 3 I1 J. H. Whitlock and S.O. M. D. Smith. 38'54'58 i59.73 57'30 5~.I8 55.45 May, I847; Dec. 1870 I2 5 " AssistantSurgeon, and Ar. Met. Reg. I855, MS. from Dr. C. A. Canfield. S. G. O., P. 0. and S. I. Vol. -I, S. O. 39 52.85 7I.71 41.37 Mar. 1868; Mar. 1869 I o " E. Cutting. S.O. 40 6i.5i 69.06 64.74 54.63 62.49 Dec. iS64; Dec. I870 I 2 2 9 Assistant Surgeon. MS. from S. G. O. 4I I869 o 2 7 22 9 bis J. W. A. Wright. S. O. 42 56.69 58.71 52.52 Oct. 1 865. Dec. 1 7o I 6 7M 20` 9 Assistant Sur'geon. MS. from S. G. O. 43 54.08 57.47 57.28 50.32C 54.79 Oct. 1847; Dec. I870 19 o..... Ar. Met. Regs. 1855 and i86o, MS. from S. G. O. and S.O. 44 6i.62 74. I9 65.83 53. 19 63.71 Oct. I852; Mar. 185 I 6 (, 9m 30` 90` " " Ar. Met. Reg 1855. 45 6o. 36 71.31 66.34 55.29 63.32 July, 1851; Aug. I852 I 2'............ 46 59. 17 7I.I9 61.72 47.92 60.00 July, I849; Mar. I867 14 o 7 Assist. Surgeon, Drs. Ar. Met. Reg. 1855, MS- from F. W. Hatch and S. G. O., Am. Alm., P. O. T. M. Logan. and S. I. Vol. I., and S. O. 47 56.74 66.96 49.23 May, 1861; July, 1863 I m 2 Dr. C. A. Canfield. S.O. 48.6o.J4 69.67 64.53 54.09 62.II July, I849; Dec. I870 20 IO 8 Assistant Surgeon, A Ar. Met. Regs. 1855 and i86o, Cassidy, and W. MS. fiom S. G. O., and U. Knapp. S. Coast Survey. 49 54.96 58.04 57.81 50.09 55.23 Jan. 1854; Sept. I868 1I 2 7m2, 9, bis Drs. H. Gibbons and P.O. aidS. I. Vol.I. andS. O. W. O. Ayres. 50 65.67.. 67.27 52.1.... 5.............. Pat. Off. Rep: 52 I.. ~ 6 5.I7I8654 1 2. July, 5o;99 3 9 Assistant Surgeon. Ar. Met. Reg. 1855. 52 6i.92 68.1I7...... 1864 o 7 7m 2a 9=bis Dr. W. W. Hays. S. O. 53 1864 o 2 7m 20a 9a Assistant Surgeon. MS. from S. G. O. 54. 59.43 49.25 Sept. 1859; Mar. 186 o 7 " Prof. O. SFrambes. P. O. and S. I. Vol. l, and S. O. 55 50.68 Sept. 1862; Feb. I863 o 5 7m 2a 9a,,b M.D. Smith. S. O. 56 50.99 Nov. 1850; Apr. I851 o 6 C) 9m 3a 9. Assistant Surgeon. Ar. Met. Reg. 1855. Q~9}3`9`Assistant Surgeon. 57 59.71 70.41 63.07 48..22 60.35 Jan. 1854; June,I8 67 I 11 I Dr. R.K. Reid,W.M. P.O. and S. I. Vol. I, S. O., Trivett, Assis. Surg. and MS. from S. G. O. 58 1869 o 2 7m 2 a,9a bis Dr. Thornton. S. O. 59 58.58 78.43 63.32 46.51 6i.7I Mar. 1858; Jan. 1863 3 7 c J. Slaven, W. L. and P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. O. E. S. Dunkum. 60 6o.4o 73.o4 67.79 504.4 62.9I Feb. 1869; Apr. 1870 I 3 " Prof..c. Simmons. S.O. 61 59.40 80.78 60.34 45.38 6i.47 1870 I o cc J.w. Blake. 62 5827 64-77 52.3S Jan. 1869; Dec. I870 I IO " Dr. A. T. Compton. 63 55.69 60.32 59.89 51.53 56.86 Feb. iS69; Dec. I870 I IO 7m 20 9, Assistant Surgeon. MS. from S. G. O. (3Ol'.O3RADO. I. A p r. 1 8 61; Jan. 1862 o 8 7m1 %, 9, D.W.Els 2146.3 69.1 4975 27.26 48. I3 Jan. 1859; Dec. 187o I 6 7m 20` 9abis D. C. Collier, W. N. P. O. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. O. Byers, F. J. Stanton, S. T. Sopris. I3 42.93 64.39 [43.49 20.63 42.86 Sept. I852; Dec. 187o 1 5 3 7m 2a 9a Assistant Surgeon. Ar. Met. Re~s. 1855 and 186o,! ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~and MS. fr'om S. G. O. 7 Observing hours irregular; corrected for daily variation. 8 Observing hours irregular; corrected for daily variation, making use of the K~ey West Table. D University of the Pacific. l0 State Insane Asylum, except for three months of 1863 when the observations wrere tak~en at Camp Stamford Stockton. n Observations for April and May, r861, were made at Mountain City, a few miles to the southeast. l~ Observations from September, 1852, to July, 1858, were made at old Fort Massachusetts, a fewr miles ~east of Fort Garland. 16 TEMPER_&TURE T~BLES. ~, COLORADO. —Continued. i...... 4. Fort Ly~hi ~ ~ ~ 38~o8t Io2~5c 4000 26~.oi 33~.65;9~.68 490.72 64~.74 74~.80 79~.65 76~.I3 64~.33 ]49~.o8 39~.08 27~.37 5. Fort Morgan 4~ I5 IO3 4( 45~0 I9.78 33.67 30.52 47.20 58.25 ] 7I.Oo [ 78.99 [ 79.85 [ 7o.65 57.4I 29.3I Fort Reynolds 72.5~ [ 78.79 173.94 64.38 { 5o,98 39.78 27.06 38 15 lO4 I: 32.26 36.23 41.67 51.73 63.13 4os 3 oo 623 3 6o 949 ] { 7 i[! 7o. 88 I 78.8I I 7212I ] 60.62. 40.20 28.51 8. Golden City 39-44 z~5 I~ 524~ 49.77 6I.oo 67.57 73,33 74.73 65.80 49.62.. 9. Montgomery 39 co Io6 oc I7.86 24.45 I9.78 29.75 41.28 I9.58 CONNECTICUT. I. Brookfield... 27 73 24 IOO 33.1o 3o. 79 7.23 68.32 72.4~ 7o.46 63.54 5o.85 4o,24 3o.82 2. Canton ~ ~ ~ 52 72 55 75Oll 27.87 25. II 4. I5 58.93 68.79 64.03 59.67 50.24 39. IO 29.5I 3. Colebrool~ 23.3t 64. 24.67 co 73 o3 3.84 55 59.40 47.3~ x2 Ol[ 20.89 69.38 67. I3 36.6I 4. Columbia... 41 72 I8 25.88 28.87 16.52 65.87 70.62 68.87 61.73 5I.I3 40.65 29.25 5. Farmington, near~- ~ 42 72 5~ 42'09 49.07 69. Io 77.52 81.37 78.25 7I.I7 63.44 5o. I7 42.48 6. Fort Trmnbull.. 2I 72 05'23 30,48 3t.68 57.71 67.40 72.6I 71.58 64.69 54.07 43.88 33.27 7, Georgetown... I5 73 25 3~0 I6.28 5o.63 64.79 71.45 66.30 61.53 5o.02 4o. Io 27.86 8. Goshend.... 48 72 07 561 26.55 26.12 56.11 65.26 70.53 69.06 60.89 49.95 39.89 29.05 9. Ilarfiord.... 46 72 41 6o 29.11 29.32 57.66 66.87 72.14 70,25 62.58 51.39 41.12 31.25 IO. Knight Hospital. I8 72 55 32.08 60.35 65.76 75.68 75.77 65-52 56.80 49.24 35-'95 II. Litchfield 45 73 12 8;o 24.02 26.I9 51.45 62.58 68.06 64.39 58.48 49.44 35,52 25.08 12. LyndePointi_,t.I~to~ I6 72 20 ~o 26.96 28.82 54.33 63.3~ 7~.~o 69.56 63.~4 53.59 42.71 3~.73 13. Middletown... I75 26.23 28.93 33 72 39 56.24 66.34 7o.96 68.97 61.43 5~.80 38.95 28.67 14. NewHaven.. 18 72 57 26.46 28.08 57.28 56.96 71.69 70.24 62.49 51.o6 40.28 30.42 15. ]New tondoll. 21 72 07 9ol] 28.42 29.75 56. 28 56.28 71. 79 69. I7 63.27 52.87 42.68 32.34 16. North Colebrook oI 73 o6 52.48 63.35 66.96.. 17. North Greenwich 04 73'40 3~0.. 29.53 I8. Norwich.. ] 45[ 32 72 04 24.65 28.2I 3o.65 45. I5 55,5I 67.47 73.87 69.92 64.43 51'.25 4".32 30.68 z9. Plymouth 40 73 04 26. Io 26.29 27.98 41.7~ 56.42 62. I8 68.83 67.80 57.85 48.74 38.97 25.97 2o. Pomfret. 51 7I 56 587 22.89 28.07 30.99 43.3~ 53.77 63. I7 68. I2 65.82 58.88 48.46 42.36 26.28 2I. Salisbury 5o/I 59 73 25 737// 24.65 25.28 34.65 44.44 56.32 65.87 7o.44 68.o6 60.09 5o. 18 39.23 27.54 22. Sharon. 52 73 28 20011 24.9~ 26. I5 34.42 45.64 57.65 65.96 7o. II 68.00 61.14 49.96 39.29 28.73 23. Southington 35 72 54] 2;.;2 27.85.. 49.48 59.11 70.93 73.82 71.94 63.83 52.9~' 41.o4. 3O. 11 24. Wallingford... 27 72 5~ 3 34..79 44.72 54.99 65.77 69.76 67.36 60.49 50.82 39.28 28.40!! 25. Warren Centre.. 44 73 20 21.7o 20.66 35.31 41.2I 52.41 64.31 67.67 67.34 58.41 48.32 45.46 27.23 26. Waterbury... 33 73 02 24'52 I 363 27'55 33'62 44.93 54.2d 64.78 70.92 69.05 6o.32 45..22 38.oI 24.65 27. West Cornwall.. 53 73 22 24.00 22.41 38.23 4I.IC 56.7c 64-83 7I.I7 67. I7 59.70 5I.OI 38.35 21.9I 28. Windsor.... 55 72 39 3I.~~.. 66'34 7~'o0 ~.. IIOOO DAKOTA. / I. Fort Abercrombie.' 96 21 -., 8.4.4 I~, I 39.37 59.2~ 69.73 73.33 69.75 o.88 2. Fort Buford... < IO3 58 I9oo;.< 13.28 II 5 / 45'6I t 72-77 67.94 3'93 $ 67.84 3'F~rtDak~ta'' It 196451 i=e: 4. Fort Pierre... Ioo 2o I456 23.20 31 I 47.60 6. 7;.52 7~.28 7o.51 5.45 ~.35 5. Fort Randall. 2 t4, s.' ~245 L' 22180 21 5 / 45'26 6 ~ 71.6I 78.06 74. ~.29 6. Fort Ransom.. 97 47 i., 1o.2o I, 2 { 43.73 f98 37 65.62 70.34 65. 3.96 7. Fort Rice... x 33 ~. ~6.29 2, 2 / 45.37 i 68.~5 74.76 67. 7.64 8. FortStevenson~ ~.;. ~I.79 2 I / 44'96 [~ox 1o 56 i 69.33 77.4~ 69- 3.o2 9. Fort Sully... /~oc 35 3. 2o.57 2 5 { 44-98 69.21 76.82 72. 4.54 IO. Fort Totten... 99 16 ). 7.4I I 7 / 461~9 67.52 69.59 65. 2.48 1I. Fort Wadsworth. 97 IO;. 9.43 Ii,6 [ 40.22 i 65.17 70.39 67. 2.91 I2. Yankton ~ Indian 98 24 ~. 27.3o /I90O/! ] 5o89 Agency~ 71.29 74.3o 74. 0.43 3 8 I 6. Observations from January, I86I, to May, I862, weremade at Fort Wise or old Fort Lyon, some miles to the southeast of the present fort. ~ The observations were made six miles S. of Farmington. a The observations are stated to have been made in Windham Co. as indicated by the given position and height, but perhaps a mistake of I~ in Long. has been made. 4 The observations were made at variable hours, the means being corrected for daily variation..... TEM MPERATURa~ aE TABLES.E a 1 COLORADO.-Contintied.~nued bI 41 SEIES. EXTET OBERVIG OSERVER. REFER.ENCES. W'I I 1 I' Begins. Ends. yrs.mos. HUS 5105'038 1760.86 5500~83 M 2m gmoz ln I6; De.g0 m s9 Assistant Surgeon. MS. from S. G. 0. 5 45) -32 76.6i 27-59 Dec. iS66; Apr. I 868 X 3 G C 4 6 52.18 75-08 51-71 31-85 52,70 May, iS6 ~88; Dec. 1870 2 8 C 4 ii c 7 46.80 713~ 9 50-15 28- 78 49' 92 Apr. i867; Dec. 1870 3 6 c c I c cc c.8 71.58 May, i86o; Apr. i867 o 6 44 M. L. Blunt, J. Me- S. 0. Donazld, E.L.Berthoudl 9 30.27 20.63 "~3 J ~~I Dec. i863; May, i864 o 6 7,, 2, 9, bil J. Luttrell. 1 44-77 70~ 39 51-54 31I 57 49-57 Oct. i868; Dec. 1870.z 2 7m 2mbi S. W. ~Roe. S. 0. 2 41-r45 63-92 49.67 27-50 45. 63 D~ec. iS6i; July, iS63 I 7 J. C~ase. i4 3 4I~9i 67.02 47~177 22.9)6 44-91' Sept. 1(86o; Nov. IS70 9 9. 6C C. Rockwell. 44 cc 4 45.4i 68-45 5I-17:28-00 48.26 Dec. 1856; Dec. 1870 I3 8 cc W ~. H. Yeomans. P. 0. and S. 1. Vol. i, and S. 0. 5 62.67 79-05 6i-59 44-55 1838;y I3S Apr. 184 I 3 0 3, mt.Pt f.Kp 81 6 47.64 70 53 54.21 3I-81 51-05 Jan. 1833; Dec, 1870 23 8 7,,, 2a gm ev. E. Dewhurst and Ar. Met. Regs. 1840,'51, &'55, Assistant Sjurgeon. M'S. from S. G;. O., and S. 0. 7 41-36 67- 51 50- 55 1 ~1 ~1Mar. 1856; Jan. 1857 0 11 I C IA. B. H~ull. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. 8 45-34 68.28 50. 24 27. 24 47-78 Jan. i 8 g 9 Dec. IS50 22 0 o N Clark. M/S. in S. Coll. 9 47-Sq 69- 75 51-70 29.89 49-81 Oct. i8o6; July, 1852 i6 7 9m 3, rRev. A. Flint and Med. and Agr. Reg. Bost. Vol. H-oadley. I, x8o6-7, and MS. in S. Coll. 10 May, i86-; Jan. 1864 0 9 7 Y,, 2........ MS~~~~~~~~n~. fromn S. G. 0. 72- ~1 240 57-19 1) y.63 a.r6L. 0g~ a 9a.... 11 41.o8 65-01 47.81 25-10 44-75 Jan. 1850; D~ec- 1852 3 0..... endrick. Regent's Recp. I2 43-95 67-99 5 1~5 2-8-84 48-48 Jan. IS54; May, iS6t 6 io 7. 2,B. % lin. O n I o, d. 13 45.25 68-76 50-39 2-794 48-09 I849; Dec- 1870 14 8 2a n9a bis Cutter and Prof. J. S. Coll., P. 0. and S. I.Vol. I, 14 46-76 69.63 51-28 28-32 4 Johnston. and S. 0. I4146.j'6 69.63 51.28 28.32 49-00 July, 1778; Oct. i865 86 or Various observers. Trans. Con. Acad. Vol. I, Part 15 46.02 69-08 52.94 30-17 49-55 Mar. 1849; NOV- 1858 g 2 2,,, 9. R~ev. T. Edwards. S. Coll., &r P. 0. &r S. I. Vol. I. I6 1849 0 3 9, -,lCb ~.Cel I 7 IS70 0 1 7M 2a 9gt bis Wil. P. Al cott. S.. -18 43- 77 70-42 5~ 27.85 - 59 Ma.H5;FbI5 m 2 9 N. Scholfield. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. 19 4.2~03 66. 27 48- 52 26. 12 45 ~74 June, iS62; May, 1 34 2 0 7m 2a 9abis D. W. Learned. S. 0. 20 42.69 65- 70 49-90 25- 75 46.oi Mar. 1853; Apr. I 69 I 6 o Rf ev. D. H-unt. S. Coll., P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, 21 45-14 68. 12 49-83 25.82 47.23 Jan. 1844; Dec. IS54 II 0 C, 9,,n3a 9.t Dr. 0. Plumb. S. Coll., &i P. 0. &r S. I. Vol. I. 22 45-90 68.02 50-13 26- 59 47.66 Jan. i8i6; D~ec.IS36 20 1 1 6. N. 6 GCov. Smith. M /S. ill S. Coll. 23 72. 23 52- 59 1870 0 9 7M1 2. 9. is L. Andr-ews. S. 0. 24 44.83 67.63'O. 20 26.89 479~39 Apr. 1856; July, i862 6 4 7m 2 b, B. F. Harrison. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. 0. 25 42. 9S 66-44 50-73 23.20 45-84 1 S49 I ol...... IHendrick. Reo-ent's Rep. 26 44.27 6S. 25 47-85 25-57 46-49 Jan. i867; Aug. i869 2 4 6 Rev. R. G. Williams. S. 0. 27 45-34 67-72 49.69 22.77 46. 38 1854 I 0 7m. 2,% gz, Z. L. Gold. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. 28 IS50; I852 0 3 (D, 9.Jm 9: Phelps. S. Coll. 1 38.66 70-94 43-81 7-95 40-34 FEeb. 1859; Dec. 1870 10 I 7m, 2a 9m Assistant Surgeon. Ar. Met. Re-. i86o, and MS. from S. G. 0. 2 40.4i 69-52 4 2.52 IT-76 41~O05I Sept. i866; Dec, 1870 4 2 9i C4 c ct MS. from S. G. 0. 3 40-9g2 42.1 Z.2 i6.78 Sept. iS66; Mkay, i8ro 0 0Io I (( ccI c 4 47-30 73-44 48.68 13-96 45-84 Jan. 1854; May, 1857 2 5 6 C F. Behman, Assistant P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, Ar. Met. Sur-eon. ReR~180 43.28 74.61 49.o6 20.93 46.97 Nov. 1856; Dec. 1870 12 8 I ssistant Surgeon. Ar. Met. Reg. iS6o, and MS. 18'E`E Ta~ B E ~H h~ TEMPERATURE TABLES. DELAWARE. NAME OF STATION. 0 cd 0~ ~. Dover.... 39~IO0 75~3o01 4o0/ /76o.8o 670-48 580.I9 46.28 35c~ 6 2. Fort Delawarel 39 35 75 34 1032'.26 33'-80 40'-08 5I-59 63'.44 1720.25 rT770,6I 75-84 69.6o 57.32 45.90 36.62 4: Georg etown~e' 38 40 33.6 /5 34. o 3i Georgetown. 38 43 715 22 44J 00 33.65 45l/o 56. 15 6i.o2 77.36 78.64 76.78 [7I.49 6o. 13 46.54 43.90 4- Milford 38 55 75 25 20 40.87 34.58 42.74 54.97 62.I 7 74.68 77-74 75-62 66.12 51-81 41.22 38.2-o 5. Newark~... 39 38 75 47 1 x20oJ28.61 32.95 36-74 48i8 692 36 6. Wilmington.. 39 4 44 75 33 7. Wilmington.. 39 44 75 33 II5 27.62 32. i6 42.10 [ 1.89 64.24 71.91 74. 78 74.-o 66. 46 51.40 43.o6 35.36 DISTRIlCT OF COLUMtBIA. i. Georgetown... 38 55 77 04 11-85 36.29 45.63 53-36 64-85 72.66 76, 33 76.,,i 69.13 59-40 46. 97 37-18 2. Washington. 38 53 77 02 3011 27.27 40.29 42.84 53.25 62.97 72.36 7501 76. oi 68,63 53.69 42.41 33.98 3. Washington 38 54 77 02 30. 4 7.4 36752 79.9 7927 7.3 565 43. 3 39. 5 5. Washington 38 54 77 02 75 34[09 36.82 45-36 55s7o 66.26 74.44 78.26 76.28 67.76 56.70 44.83 37.4I 5 - Washington... 38 55 77 02 110 35.3 37. 46.5 54.0 61.7 76. 74.8 76.5 68.0 53;5 47.5 41.7 6. Washington 38 53 77 oi 80 27'2I 37'71 44'45 56-5i 64.76 69.59 77.88 75.53 66.II 55.61 40.83 31.57 7. Washington. 38 53 77 o0 80 35'10 35.4 I 46.08 52-31 60.45 73.32 75.40 72.02 68.07 48.80 43.73 35.70 8. Washington. 38 54 77 03 IIO 36'o 36'4 44.8 6 8.o 68.8 75.9 78.3 77.o 70o1 57.6 47.9 40.I 9. Washington. 38 53 77 02 40 3I'96 35'65 43'27 52.63 64. I7 74.06 78.50 74.60 67.93 55.45 5I-or 35.77 io. Washington. 38 54 77 03 I 32'43 34.40 40.49 5I-5 6.8 1 70.93 75.89 74.28 67.47 54.67 44.35 34.23 W. Washington. 38 54 77 03 J10 37-19 34I65 V-79 5i.8[ 61.79 72.6'7 78.28 76.23 68.78 54.75 44.21 34.87 FLORIDA. i. Belair...... 30 23 84 T7 70 52.25 59.18 61.o8 66.22 75.73 79-88 82.08 81.29 77i7o 69-43 58,83 58.48 2. Cedar Keys6 ~ ~ 29 07 83 03 35 56.33 58.47 64.37 68.68 75.88 79 84 82.o3 8I.27 79'40 7,.96 63i73 58.82 3. Chattahoochie Ars. 30 42 84 50 ~ 80.68 I~~~~~o..!~~~~~~~~7 79.68 83. 1o 79.68 29 36 8I 37 I52 58.3 7 5 6.96 6i.97 67.76 73.8I 78.88 8i.99 Sio I atka) 5. Fernandina. 30 40 8I 28 25 50.96 57.6o 6i.27 65.58 7I-73 77360 79.87 85.89 76i96t-6 65 53.89 6. Fort Barrancas. 30 2i 87 I8 20 52.7r 55.27 6i.26 68.47 75'51 SO 59 82.20 82.00 78.4i 69 55 6o, 79 55.I3 7. Fort Brooke ~ ~ 27 57 82 26 20 6o.99 63.00 66.87 71.88 76.64 79,58 So. 96 80o.63 79J42 73-86 67.29 6i.99 8. Fort Dallas8... 25 48 So 13 20 66. Io 66. i6 70.30 74.97 74.40o, 0.99 82. I7 82.48 80, 59 77'91 73-45 69.37 9. Fort Deynaud.. 26 45 8I 30. 6o.o04 64.4I 67.79 71.98 76.96 79.53 79-76 8o.- 5 80-14 7I-95 71~52 64.75 IO. Fort Fanning. 29 35 82 56 5o 58.52 57.97 67.04 70.72 76.26 79-32 82.o5 82.40 80-55 72.i6 6o-55 54.93 II. Fort Gamble.. 30 20 84 oo 5~ 55-54 6o.7I 69.0 6 71.27 75.42 80-04 79.79 79.74 79 i6 68.25, 55.82 12. Fort Hamer.. 27 30 82 30 20 77.55 80.34 So.96 83.64 82.24 I3. Fort Heiloman.. 29 48 8205 25 56.32 56.45 63.33 7o. 68 75.65 Si.88 80.25 79.71 77c07 71- 57 59 57 51.94 14. Fort Henderson. 30 51 82 09 25 55.64 58.27 64.46 70.52 76.26 82.03 So. I6 79.76 77-54 69.85 59t94 51.2o 15. Fort Jefferson 24 38 82 52 II 70.96 70o.67 73.22 74-43 79.59 83-31 84.79 84.62 83186 80.12 74I84 71-71 I6. Fort King. 29 12 82 12 50 58.4I 58. 13 64.38 71.41 76.59 79890 s0.80 80.59 78.2I 70;56 63~ I 58.55 17. Fort Marion9 (St. 29 54 8I I9 25 56. 79 59.85 63.25 68.75 74.06 79 32 8o.9I 80. 86 79-04 72~ 64- i 58. I2 Augustine ) Ig~For Mede..1127 45 8I 47 80 58.4~ 63. 23 69.o2 69.89g 76. 69 78.2 9.76 7~87,r 6.8 6.1 19. Fort~icanopy.. 2 9 35 82 3x 7 8 60.36 6oz 74 z5 69 ~3 0.22 gq 79 670.436.6 5 0.Fort Myers...26 40.181 56 5~ 62.86 66.08 69.85 73.26 79.20 809 2.38 82. g89,2;44 725 65.75 21. Fort Pierce.'. 127 28 80 I8 3~ 62.45 64. 80 69.05 3I 76 98 2r.0 ~4 57 ~7 ~2 22. Fort RusselU0o..I 29 15 82 15 5~ 61.40 56.3~ 69.790 7I.64 76.I IO ~3 84.44 83.76 9848;87 rz 57-56 23. FortSh~anno n. 1 29 34 8I 48 25 58.00 59.00 64. 69 7I.64 76.43 7~ 81.66 80. 38 }9 g7~o I8 58. 63 Observations in 1854, at 15) 9m 32 92; they wer-e referred to 7m, 2, 9~ by means of the general table. The observations of I866 and 1867 were combined with those made at Delaware City. ~. The observations have been corrected for daily variation. The series is much brokcen and many of the monthly means are imperfect, so that the results afibrd only a tolerable approximation to the truth. 3; Corrected for daily variation by means of the general table. 4 The observations were made bi-hourly, at o. 2h A. M, 2.2h A. M.I, and so on. The observations were made tri-hourly at Mid., 3 A. M., 6 A.MX., and so on. 6 Also called Atsuna Otie. TEMPERATURE TABLES. 19 DELAWARE. 4-1 2 ~SERIES. EXTENT OBSERVING OBSERVER. REFERENCES.'~l ~ Begins. Ends. yrs.mos. HOURS. I. 570.32 1870 0 5 7m 2a 9a his J. H. Bateman. S. O. 2 55I~.70 75~.23 57.6I 340.23 540.69 Feb. I825; Sept. I870 18 IO 7m 2a %a Assistant Surgeon, J. Ar. Met. Regs. 1855 and I86o, M. Vanhekle. MS. from S. G. O., and S. O. 3 54.08 77.59 59.39 40-52 57.89 July, 1857; Dec. 1858 I 6 8m I 6a Dr. D. W. Mauld. P. O. and S. I. Vol. I. 4 53.29 76.Ol 53.05 37.88 55.06 Dec. 1857; Dec. I870 2 2 7m 2a 9. bis A. C. Whittier, W. R. P. O. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. O. Phillips, R. A. Martin. 4~ 7. 37 27, Jl I5 4 3 2 E. E. Norton, Craw- P. O. & S. I. Vol. I, and S. Coll. ford, and others. 6. 51.3o Aug. 1834; July, IS35 I o.............. Am. Almanac. 7 52:.74 73.56 53.64 31.71 52.91 Jan. 1864; Oct. I865 x IO 7m 2a 9a bis Dr. U. D. Hedges. S. O. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. I 54.61I 75.10 58. 5~ 35. 77 56.oo Dec. 1859; Feb. 1863 3 I 7m 2. 9.bis Rev. C. B. Mactee. P. O. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. O. 2 53.02 74.46 54.9I 33.85 54.06 Jan. 1820; Dec. 1821 2 o 3 J.Q. Adams, J. Meigs. Col. Force's Rec., and MS. in i ~~~~~~~~~~~~~S. Coll. 3 59.1o 78.27 56. 70 39. 13 58.3~ Apr. 1823; Dec. 1824 I 6 7m 9m N. 4. Jules de Wallenstein. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. 2, 1825. 4 55.77 76.33 56.43 36.11 56.16 Jan. I823; Dec. 1834 12 3' 7m 2. 9 Assist. Surgeon, Rev. Ar. Met. Reg. 1855. R. Little. 5 54. I 75.8 56.3 38.o 56.o Jan. I828; Dec. I829 2 o Imax. & min......... From J. Elliot's Hist. Sketches of the Io miles square. 6 55.24 74.33 54.18 32.16:53.98 July, 1838; Dec. I84o 2 6 3, 9m33 9. Lieut. J. M. Gilliss, Pub. Doc. 2d Sess. 28th Con. U. S. N. Vol. x, 1845. 7 52.95 73.58 53.53'35.40 53.87 Jan. 1841; June,I842 I I 4......... 8 57.20 77.o7 58.53 37.50 57.58 Jan. 1846; Dec. 1849 4 o 9m 3a 9, U. S. Naval Obs'y. Am. Alm. 1848 and foll. 9 53.36 75.72 58. I3 34.46 55.42 Aug. 185o; Dec. I859 8 IO 7m 2.t 9a Smithsonian Inst. S. Coll., P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. 51'35 73'70 55'50 33'69 53-56 Jan. 1862; Dec. I870 9 o s Prof. J. R. Eastman. U. S. Naval Obs'y. 11 51.82 75.73 55-91 35.57 54.76 Jan. i868i Dec. I870 3 o max. &min.'..... FLORIDA. I 67.68 81.8O 68.65 56.64 68.551 Oct. 1856; May, 1861 3 IO 7m 2a 9a B.F. Whitner. P.O. and S. I. Vol. 1, and S. O. 2 69.64 81.o5 71.70 57.87 70. o6 Aug. _851; July, I867 I11 4" JudgeA. Steele, Assis- Ar. Met. Reg. 1855, P.O. and tant Surgeon, and S. I. Vol. I, S. Coll., and W. C. Andrass. S. O. 3 80.73 May, r869; Aug. 1870 0 4 7m 2~ 9a bis M. Martin. S. O. 4 67.85 80.59 69. 77 56.97 68.79 Feb. I869; Nov. I87O I 6 G. D. Robinson, and W. M. L. Fiske. 5 66.19 81.12 7i.33 54. I5 68.20 July, i863; July, 1867 I 6 7m 2a 9a!H. M. Corey. MS. from S. G. O., and S. O. 6 68.41 81.6o 69.58 54. 37 68.49 Jan. 1822; Dec. 186o 20 2 " 6 Assistant Surgeon. At. Met. Regs. 1855 and 186o, and MS. firom S. G. O. 7 71.80 80.39 73.52 61.99 71.92 Jan. I825; July, 1869 27 l1.. 8 73.22 81.88 77.32 67.2I 74.91 Feb. I839; Oct. I87o 6 I1 Assist. Surg., W. H. Ar. Met. Regs. 1855 and 186o, Hunt. and S. O. 9 72.24 79.93 74.54 63.07 72.45 Feb. 1855; Apr. 1858 2 5 tr Assistant Surgeon. Ar. Met. Reg. i86o. IO 71.34 81.26 7I-o9 57.14 7o.21 Oct. 1840; Jan. 1843 2 4 ".. Ar. Met. Reg. 1855. 1I 71.92 79.8S6 69.12 57.36 69. 57 Jan. 1840; Dec. 1842 2 3 " " C' C.. 12 81.65 1850 O 5 (Dr 9m 3a 9" Ar. Met. Reg. 185o. 13 69.89 8o. 61 69.40 54.;0 68.7o Jan. 01838; May, 184I 2 14 70.4I 80.65 69.1I 55.04 68.80 Oct. 1838; Dec. 1839 I o.... "...... 15 75.75 84.24 79.6I 71.I1 77.68 Feb. I86I; Dec. 1870 8 I MS. from S. G. 0. I6 70.79 80.43 70.65 58. 36 70.06 Oct. 1832;. Feb. 1843 6 I " Assistant Surgeon. Ar. Met. Reg. 1855. 17 _ 68.69 80._36 71.9o 58.25 69.80 Oct. i824; Oct. 187 25 4 Assist. Surg., Dr. P. Ar. Met. Reg. 1855, P. 0. and B. Mauran, and G. S. I. Vol. I, MIS. from S.G.;O., W.~ Atwood. and~ S. 0j. S18 71.8 7 79.34 73.'82 60.59 71.4 I May, 1851; Nov. I854 3 7 Q~ 9m 3, 9, Assistant Sur~geon. At. M2iet. Reg. 185~5. I 972. I3 79.67 69.8I 58.86 7o. 12 July, E838; Dee. I842 4~ 5 7m, 2a 9,.... 20 4. IO 82.08 76.73 64. 90 74.45 Jan. 1851; June, 1858 7 6..., A r Me.Rs.15an18o 21 73.18 81.8sI 75.36 64.32 73.67 Janl. 184o; May, 1858 8 4'' ""[.... 22 72.48 82.50 69.50 58.42 70.72 July, 1838; June, I842! IO~.Me.I~~ 45 23 70.92 80.47 70. 68 58. 54 7o. 15 Jan. 1838; Jan. 185o 4 5........ 7 The first seven years of this series were observed at Cantonment Clinch, three miles from Pensacola and fourteen miles fi'om Fort Bazrrancas. 8 The observations were made at Fort Laudlerdale from Jan. to Sept. 1839, and from July to Sept. I84o. This post is a few miles N. of Fort Dallas and, the same distance from the sea. 9 The observations composing this series were made at Fort Marion and St. Augustine; principally at Fort Marion. l0 The observations composing this series were made at Forts Russell, Harley, and W7heelocki, the same position being given for all. TEMPERATURE TABLES. FLORIDA. —Continued. rar~................. 24. Fort Wacohootee. 20028/ 82'025/' 59~.I3 550.58 67~.21 69~.67 72~.00 75~.00 8o~.(,o 78~.oo 77~.oo 65~.67 59~.33 25. Fort Wacassassa. 2c} 30 82 45 7o.5o / 74.13,77.32 79.fie 79.56 I 78.62 [ 69.74' 59.63 I 56.53 26. Gainesville.., 2c) 38 82 2o ~84 53.96 I 58.73 I 61.21 I 67. i8 / 73.97 I 78.~3 79.:17 78.35 I 76.4ol 68.65 I 6~.rxI 57.56 27. Gordon.... 2c, 52 82 2I 53.07 [ 61.48 [ 66.oo 4~1:58.53 I 57.59 I 66.93 [ 72.9o I 73.95 I 79.23 8I.:'3 155.94 28. Hibernia.... si. ol 292s t 7o38 1 638o 3~ 04 81 42'I5 59'85 ] " I.... ] 59.47 29. Jacksonville... 3~ 20 81 39 20 55.5I [ 57.27 I 62.76 I 69.;5 ]75k9 [79k3 si:3 8;'~9 [7887 1 6978 t 6; 7 [ 54o9 3o. KeyWest... 2433 8148 IO 83'1I 7o. o4 [ 7o.68 } 73.79}76.2918o. 2o[82,15 3I. Key West. 83.5~18=.53/79~=175.59] 72.83.. 24 33 8I 48 Io 69. I8 7o. 5I 72.7~ 75.65 79.2I 82.66 83.~;4 83.54 82.29 78.70 74.66 71.63 32. Key West... 24 33 8r 48 IO 64.92/ 7~.r8 [ 76.o9 [ 77.62/ 82.25 [ 83.54 85.o9 84 79 [8~.3~ [70.93 33. Knox }Iil?... 3c) 40 85 58 I48 48.(6 / 55'.40 / 62'52 [ 66'31 ] 75.34 ] 77.93 79,26 79 58 [ 77.23 [ 67.96 / 59.72 { 55. I2 34. Lake Citya... 3~ 12 82 38'185611 56.15 [56.94 ] 62.51 [ 68.98 ~ 75.27 [80.73 79,82 80 28 177.94 169.I2 [ 59.35 I 59. I8 35. Manatee.... 66.64 ] 63.08 ] 66.57 [ 70.80 [ 76.78 [ 82.74 82,73 83 40 [ 80.60[ 75.30[ 65.98 [ 63.45 27 3~ 8I 45 36. Micanopy.. 55.23 67.22 69.42 80.7o 8o 80 14 2q 3~ 82 I8 78 =9 37. Mosquito Inlet (12 i77.31/71.8716o.o5/6o.32 miles N. W. of) 2~) 12 81 02 IO 38. Newport.... 3() lO 84 ~5 ] ii [ 75.36 I 77.'~5 78~2 79 89/ 77.20 [ 73.88 ~ 62.8ot 54. I8 79.37 79 5~ ] 75.36/ 67-38[ 56.83 ] 48.9~ /614 39. New Smyrna 62'27 / 63.64 [ 67.57 [ 73. I4 [ 74.88 [ 78.9I 80.04 78 94[ 78.29 / 72.o6~ 67.15 { 63.49 2c) oo 80 56 20 8I.I3 82351 79.24[69.40159.73[ 5.5 40. Ocala..... 2() II 82 09 61.89 62.73 63'I8 [ 67.08 { 75.89 [ 79.89 41. Orange Grove 81.38 81 8I [ 80.OO{ 74.99 7.4. 27 28 82 35 IO 42. Pensacola ~ / / / 67. I7[ 72.86 /79.62 ~ ~ 3~ 25 87 I3 56.~7 [ 57.87 ~ 64.5I / 68'67 [ 76'49 / 8~'69 84'92 83 57178.90 t71.oo ] 6;.~9[ 57.84 43' Pic~lata 2() 57 8I 36 / [ / [.... 61.2I [ 56.80 [ 64.3~ ] 72.60 [ 73.46 { 78.60 8r.7o 80 5~ { 77.88[ 70.67 [ 6I.o4 t 57.86 44. Port Orange... 2~) o4 80 57 59.17 59.07 63.99 68.76 74.83 78.40 82.oi 8I 37 79.4I 72.96 64.34 58.48 152 t [ [ / { 45. Seville.... 3~ 29 84 07 51'32 / 5I'54! 58'55 [ 59'60 | 69'36 | 75'90 76.40 73 r5 / 71.6I [ 62.78 [ 49.25 3o 21 i 87 17 46. Warringtoni..i 63. I9[ 69. I2 I 75.74 81.16 83.84 8290 78.97 7o. 3oi56~2;~[ 56.:I!' 47'White Springs.. 30 24 82 56 [..... 8o. I3 84.20.... 53. f2 1 57. IO GEORGIA. I. Athens.... 33 58 83 25 850 4.4.58 45-99 53.63 61.43 68.40 75.09 76.33 75.8I 71.6o 59.39 51.31 47.6I tl 2. Atlanta.... 33 ~4 43.45 51.14 58.O1 65-65 71.71 77.5~ 75.4~ 68.86 57.55 48.92 41.22 ionoil 40.90 3. Augusta6.... 33 29 8151 49.86 55.85 63.92 72.97 79.13 81.3o 78.04 74.56 63.66 49.68 43.53 ~ i 15011 47.06 4. AugustaArsenal. 3328 81 53 50.57 55.67 65. I~ 72.28 79.12 82.16 79.85 73.95 63.68 53.85 46.68 5. Berne..... 35~11 47.20 3~ 5~ 8I 50 25 52.03 49.25 54.08 6~I.I5 70.83 75.97 79.64 77.40 71.93 63.56 52.96 47.73 6. Boston.... 3~ 42 83 5~.. 47.45 54.35 7. Brunswick.. ~ 31 05 81 3~ 51'3 56'0 59'3 66.7 75'3 75.0 82.0 82. O 80. O 68. O 5i'3 52.3 8. Catawba.... 32 4~ 84 52 82.o 9. Clarksville... 3440 83 31 I632 40.;0 45.97 48.93 55'33 70-93 72.~2 72.45 6i.86 5i.~5 4~.;I 44'42 IO. Columbus... 32 29 84 59 62-92 xI. Culloden.... 32 51 8406 46.~7 52.33 59.70 6,1.36 73.89 77.73 79.63 76.97 72.27 64. oi 5i.84 48.76 I2. Cuthbert.... 3~ 44 84 5~ 79.60 83.78 79.1o.. 13. Dalton 825/1 ~. 3447 85 00 39.90 44.87 49.3~.. ~4. Factory 1V[ills 40 84 46 ~. 33 47.96 54.97 I5. Griffin.... 33 03 84 ~5 60.26 16. Hillsborough.. 775/I 83 38 4;.;7 5;.36 62.81 7;.89 77.65 7z ~3 59.41 50.;8 5;.77 ~7. La Grange... ~ IO 02 85 o~ 47.87 18. Macon 32 5~ 83 40 44.60 47.63 59.73 62.38 7o.85 19. Macon(Lew[sI-iigl~ 3247 8347 130011 50.95 48.o3 54.45 63.70 68.70 78.o9 8o.~38 8o.~o 50.23 42.75 School) 20. Macon.... 32 50 83 38 339/[ 49.83 49.05 55.~5 6~.95 67.03 42.48 60.68 65.12 8o.~6 2I. Milledgeville, ~ 77.~9 8J. o7 7~ ~5 59.47 57.9~ 48.95 33 05 83 12 5771] 72.39 Corrected for daily variation by the Key West table. ~ Also called Orange Hill. a Also called Alligator. ~ This series is composed of observations made at the Navy Yard and U.S. Naval Hospital. TEMPERATURE TABLES. 21 FLORIDA. —Continued. t~~~~~~~~~~~I.~ E ~. ~ SERIES. EXTENT OBSERVING d U,,~ OBSERVER. REFERENCES. Begins. Ends. yrs.mos. 24 690,63 770.67 670.33'57~.oi 67~.9I Jan. 1841I Mar. I842 I 3 9r2a a Assistant Surgeon. Ar. Met. Reg. 1855. 25 7o. 52 78.85 69,33 57-57 69.07 Oct. 1840; Dec. I842 2 3 7m 2 9a. 26 67.45 78.62 68.72 56,75 67.89 Feb. 1856; Feb. 1861 4 9 " J. B. Bailey. P. O. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. O. 27 7o095 80.S72 71.2I 56.83 69.93 Apr. I866; Jan. 1868 I 3 7m 2a 9. bis H. B. Scott. S. O. 28 Dec. I857; Jan. I858 o 2 7m 2a 9a F. L. Batchelder. P. 0. and S.!. Vol. I. 29 69.27 80. 98 70.04 55.62 68.98 Feb. I839; Dec. I870 12 4 7m 2a 9a bis Dr. A. S. Baldwin. MS. in S. Coll., P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. O. 30 76.76 82.99 79.o8 71-.8 77. 50 1823; I836 9 O 0,r 2 I Oa Whitehead.' Manuscript. max. & min. 31 75.85 83.35 78,55 70.44 77.05 Jan. 1830; Dec. I87o 26 6 I Assist. Surg., Coll'tor Ar. Met. Regs. I855 and I86O, of Customs, J. and MS. from S. G. O., Am. W. A. Whitehead, Aim. I835, and foll., MS. in W. C. Dennis, A. S. Coll., P. O. and S. I. Gordon, G. T. Fer- Vol. I, and S. O. guson, J. G. Oltmanns. 32 78.65 84.541 69. o I ~9~OJune, 1851; May, 1852 0 IO hourly. U. S. Coast Survey. Manuscript. ]33 68.06 78.92 68.3o 53.06 67.09 July, i85I; Dec. I855 4 5 J. Newton. S. Coll., P. O. & S. I. Vol. I. 34 68.92 80.28 68.80 57,42 68.85 Mar. 1857; Jan. 1869 4 0 7m 2 E. R. Ives. P. 0. and S. 1. Vol. I, and S. 0. 4o72a 9aE..Ie..OadS..Vo.IanS.. 35 7I.38 82.96 73.96 64.39 73.I7 Jan. I869; July, I870! 7 7m, 2a 9abis B.A. Coachman. S. O. 36 70.88 80.54 69,74 59.00 70.04 June, 1858; Dec. 1859' I 7 7m 2. 9. Dr. J. B. Bean. P. O, and S. I. Vol. I. 37.. 71.29.... 1I870 o 6 7m 2= 9~bi S. N. Chamberlin. S. O. 38 78.68 66.52 I87o o 8 " C. Bucher. 39 71.86 79.30 72-5~ 63.13 71.70 Jan. 1840; Oct. 1853 3 0 7m 2a 9` Assistant Surgeon. Ar. Met. Reg. I855. 40 67. 74 80.o3 69.46 60.69 69.73 Jan. I869; Sept. I870 I 5 7m 2a 9a bis E. Barker. S. O. 4I 8I.O3 I 870 o 7 " W. J. Clark. C""(i 42 69.89 83.o6 70.40 57.29 7o.I6 Aug. I849; Dec. I852 3 5 0 rN. ( Pearson. Manuscript. 43 7~'I 2 80.27 69.86 58.62 69 72 Sept. 1840; Sept. I84I I I Or 2a 9a Assistant Surgeon. Ar. Met. Reg. I855. 44 69. I9 80.59 72.24 58,91 70.23 Jan. i867; Apr. I870 2 IO 7m 2a 9abts Dr. and, Mrs. j. w. s.o. Hawks. 45 62.50 75.I5 63.19 50. 70 62.89 1859 o 9 7m. L. Gibbon. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. 46 69'35 82.63 70,28 55 54 69-45 Oct. 1849; Dec. I86O io 9 J. Pearson, W. John- S. Coll., P.O. and S. I, Vol. I. son and others. 4.....8o2 7m 9 bi R. W. Adams. S. O. G EOR~G-IA. I 6I-I5 75-74 60.77 46.06 6o. 93 Jan. 1845; Sept. I859 6 6 5 McCoy, Prof. J. D. Southern Cultivator, and P. O. Easter. and S. I. Vol. I. 2 58.27- 74,87 58.44 41.86 58.36 Jan. 1859; Dec. I87o 5 2 7m 2a 9abis Dr. J. G. Westmore- P. O. and S. I. Vol. I, S. O., land, Assist. Surg., and MS. firom S. G. O. F. Deckner & son. 3 64.25 79.49 62.63 46.82 63.30 Jan. I839; July,I868 7 5 Drs. M. and S. H. Am. Aim., P. O. and S. I. Holbrook, W. H. Vol. I, and S. O. Dougherty, W. Haines, S. Elliott. 4 64.35 80.38 63.83 48.I5 64. I8 Jan. 1826; Dec. 1870 21 7 7m 2= 9~ Assistant Surgeon. Ar. Met. Reg. I855, and MS. from S. G. O. 5 62.02 77.67 62.82 49.67 63.04 June, I69,; Dec. 1870 I 7 7m'2a 9g'Us H.L. Hillyer. S. O. 6 mS6i O 2 C9 W. Blewett, "" 7 67.1o 79.67 68.77 53.20' 67.18 June, 1838; May, 1839 I o 8m 2a 6` J. Bancroft. Am. Alm.. I853 o I 7] 2`a 9a Shields. S. Coll. 9 72.07 55.64 43.6o June, 1847; Apr. 1861 2 3 s Campbell and J. Van- Pat. Off. Rep., S. O., and P. buren. O. and S. I. Vol. I. 1.o 1o 0 I 7m 2, 92.bis N.J. Fogarty. S. O. II 65.98 78. 1I 64.04 49.09 64.31 1 May, 1852; June,i 854 2 2 5 Prof. J. Darby. S. Coll., & P. O. & S. I. Vol. I. 12. 80. 83.... 86o o 3 7m 2~ 9bis C.C. Seavey, S. O.' I3......I86I o 3 " Dr. J. R. McAfie. " I4.........., I ~ I I857 o 2 7m 2`` 9` F. T. Simpson. P.O0. and S. I. Vol. L. I5...I85I o I (5~) 2a, 9... S. Coil. 16 6i.35..6[.34 48.35..Sept. 1857; June, IS58 o IO 7m 2, 9., E. S. Glover. P.O0. and S. I. Vol. I.'I 7..... 855 O I rNOsi... 18 64.32... 868 O 5!7m 2~ 9abis J' A, ocicwel[. S. O. 19 62.28 79.69..47.2 4.. Nov. I868; Aug. I869 o Io "r Misses S. G. W~hiting, " and S. M/. Proctor. 20 61.38 1. I k 47.I2.1.. IDec. I868; May, I869 o 6 " J. F.'Adams.!.. 21 66.o6 79.47 6.4...Oct. I843; Dec. I849 I I (~r 9m 3a 9a J. R. Catting&Q Jacobs. M lS. in S. Coll. and S. Coil. 5 Corrected for daily variation. Observations of 1839 and for four months of i868 at Summerville, about one mile south of Augusta. 22 TEMPERATURE TABLES. GEORGIA. —Cont i nued. NAME OF STATION. 0 ~ ii Cd 0~p 22. Oglethorpe B'ks,! 32~o5/ 8I~O7/ 40 520.03 54~.o5 580.76 660.89 75~.6o 800.31 820.67 81~.43 770.49 670.26 570.85 50~.97 23. Penfield. 33 38 83 09 724 47.59 45.93 50.74 61.21 69.02 76.85 8o. 25 78.58 71.o2 62.22 5o.o6 42.47 24. Perry..... 32 28 83 43 280 42.64 53.5~ 63.o8 64.35 I 73.67 78.99 81.37 78.57 74.57 67.55 53.26 5o. 65 25. Powelton.. 33 25 82 5~ 620........ 74.55 76.7I 79.72 75.80 72'33 " 52'17 26. Quitman (ten miles S. W. of)... 30 40 83 40..................... 49.28 27. Richmond Hill.. 33 26 81 53 275.. 82.70 28. St. Mary's... 3044 81 34 15. 72.38 77.39 80.55 80.38 76.48 69.56 57.97 49.12 29. Savannah.. 32 05 81 o6 42 51.29 54.31 59.73 66.97 74.47 79.38 81.67 80.77 75.9~ 66.7I 57.83 52.09 30~ Sparta ~, ~ 33 I5 82 54 55~ 43.66 48.89 54.o8 6i.5o 71.33 76.08 8o. 18 78.28 73.49 61.95 52.90 46.34 31. The Rock'... 32 52 84 23 833 42.87 47.95 55.68 63.59 70.35 77.34 78.63 74.80 72.49 61.50 51.62 44.09 32. Thomson... 33 29 82 25.... 49.78 57.98 63.65 74-34 5 ~23 33. Thornhill 31 37 8I II Io 79.47 79.57 82.I3 76.o6 69.io 34. Whitemarsh'Island 3200 81 oo 18 48.2o 53.I6 57.64 64.59 72.86 77.85 8o. 12 79.60 75.09 65.59 57.56 51.74 35. Zebulon.... 33 ~6 84 21 "I 43'85 5I'77 56'09 61'88 [71'75 79'86]81'68 78'48172'0 6 66'64 53'69 48'99 IDAHO. I. Camp Connor II~38 12.51 20.03 2. Cantonment Lorin 43 4 112 27 4700 9 5 4 3' Chelemta Depot 48 42 7i6 ig 1796 V.6 58.1 49.1 40.1 4. Fort Boise'... 43 40 ii o 26;50 32.89 40.90 52.56 62.62 7o.68 78.38 76.05 63.75 52.84 42.33 305 5. Fort Lapwi..46I. 5. Fort Lapwai - 46 i8 116 54 29.78 36.09 41.36 53.7~ 63.89 70.26 77.59 72.86 62.40 51.27 41.62 33.46 6. Lapwai. 46 I8 Ii6 54 12000 3I.83 38.50 42.75 52.75 57.5~ 68.87 70.13 72.00 64.00 48.I3 41.50 40.40 ILLINOIS. I. Albion... 38 24 88 04 40o81 2. Alto4...... I26 68 234589o m 41 45 89'- I9-53 24.05 30.85 45.77 56.57 68.45 7317 68.170 59.90 47.37 35.85 3. Alton. 38 53 90 I4 650o' 34-05 33.66 4I.I3 48.oI 62.30 73.93 76.53 75.69 66.65 5-I.O 43.84 28.32 4. Andalusia5. 4I 25 90o 45 6861 23.I7 25.83 36.14 47.64 58.95 69.78 72.17 63. 57 51.'57 38. 24 5. Athens.... 89 45 800 31.16 29.78 39.25 47.29 6o.14 7o.II 73.I6 71.36 62.78 51.42 42.98 26.24 6. Athene.... 39 57 }89 45 800 25.12 29.24 39.08 52.I7 63.00 72.Ol 77.68 75.36 68.56 5564~ 40. 4 9 29.81 7. Augusta.7! 40 12 9o 9 8 500 25.52 29.08 38.28 50.94 61.77 70.56 75.I9 72.75 65.27 52.49 4o. 23 28.42 8. Aurora. 41 46 88 I7 696 21.26 24.08 34.90 46.23 57.I4 67.72 73.29 68-29 58.8I 49.55 41.37 23.I9 9- Batavia8...! 41 52 88 16 6361 21.17 27.41 36.83 43.87 58.25 67.75 73.58 7o.28 62. 71 48.23 33.42 24.25 xo. Belleville..~ 38 29 89 58 600 30.88 31.38 45.o3 56.03 70.72 75.23 79.81 79.27 70.83 59.84 46.43 4o.27 11. Belvidere,,, 1/ 42 16 j 88 48 8I 19.54 21.98 31.57 44.84 58.16 66.29 73.og 68. 14 6o.oI 44.89 34.03 21.82 12. Brighton...... 39 oo 1 9~ 13 27.64 31.72 38.07 45.47 63.54 74.55 81.87 76.99 67.63 56.76 37.37 32.49 I3. Bruce9.... 41 09 88 5~ 55o 59.25 63-30 43-56 15.63. Carthage... 40 23 91I7 24-53 30-10 42.64 46.65 66.97 70.25 79.14 75.56 66.1i 52.59 39.07 24.89 I5. Centralia... 38 31 89 08 27.53 37-40 16. Channahon... 41 26 88 12 630 5.4 0 36o50 50.97 58. 20 70.70 17. Charleston.I.. 39 3~ 88 IO 21. 01 29.45 A 35. 3 53. 3 7 7 2I T A6~'7 T. I20 71.S'712T 7~3'5 54A.I3 41.31 26.28 18. Chicagora.....I 41 54 87 38 6oo 23.~1 24.96' 32.oI 45.31 53.34 6I..59 70. 34 68. 34 6o. 19 48.41 36.36 26.38 19. Clinton ~ ~40 09 88 57 43~ 2~.72 25.75 35.4I 52.65. I.,.I... ) ~ 9.95 20. Coloma'xear)..38 14 89 I6 405 29' 15 32.55 37.57 5r.48 59.67 7o.6o 7;.72 72.6o 6;. 23 51.24~ 42.59 30.98 21. Decatur,.... 39 5x 88 57 685 27.53 28.38 34.45 52.85' 65.23 72.05 77.98 71.75 67.2o 49.65 38.99 28.26 x The results previous to I854 are defective on account of fi'equent blanks in the record. In 1856 and 1859 the observations were made at Thomaston, about three miles N. E. of The Rock. Old Fort Hall. a Observations assumed to have been takten at or in the vicinity of the Fort. Also called Rochelle ~ $i Observalkons previous to I866 were made at Edgington, about one mile to the west of Andalusia. TEMtPERATURE TABLESs. 23 GEORGIA.-B$.- Co ntinued. E E ~~~~~~~~ ~SERIES. EXTENT1 OBSERVING'i= E.Ej ~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~OBSERVER. REFERENCES. CZ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~3~~egins. Ends. yrs.mos. HOURS. 22 1670-08 S9I0.46 1670-53 1520-35 670- II Jan. 181)2; D~ec. IS701 12 4 7m 2a 9a Assistant Surgeon. Ar. Met. Reg. IS55 and MS. frolrn S. G. 0. 23 6o.32 78-56 6i. 10 45-33 6i-33 I852; Dec. IS70 2 7 7m 1 a 9a bis Po.S.SnodS.adS el and Willis. 24 67,03 79.64 65- 13 48-93 65- I8 Apr. IS5 I 1853 2 3 (Dr 9m 3a 9a Cooper. S. Coll. 25 7 7.4 7~I 1 ~I~ I ~i852 0 6 P( endleton. 6 4 2 6 I I.. I. i. I. I 870 0 1 7m 2a, 9a bis J, L, Cutler. S. 0. 27 1 LI~ ~ I ~ i ~ 1 854 0 I;7m 2a 9a W.T Schley, Jr. P. 0 - and S. L. Vol. i. 2 8 1.179-44 68. oo 1870 O 8 7M 2a 9a bis E. Barkler. S. 0. 29 67. o6 So.661 66. 81 52-56 66, 76 Jan 8g c. 892 7 2 7,, A.G. Pemller, Dr. J. F. A. Alm. I38 and foll. espePosey, and Williams. cially 1856, MS. in S. Coll., aznd P. 0. and S. 1. Vol. I. 3o 62-30 78. IS 62. 78 46-30 62-39 IS50; Apr. iS6i g 0 7m 2a 9a Dr. E. M. Pendleton. P.O. and S - I. Vol. i, S. O., and S. Coll. 31 6-.212 76..2 6i.87 44-97 6i74 May, -sg;Dec. I859 7 5 c Dr. J. Anderson. MSs. in S. Coll., P. 0. and S. 1. Vol. I. 32 65-32 1. I.. I. IDec. IS58; M~ay, 1859 0 5 cc........I~ P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. 33 So. (8039 I SI.. I. /r49 0 5 0, 9. 3, 9, Grant. S. Coll. 34 65-503 79. ig 66. OS 51-03 65-33 Ap~r. IS49; Apr. i86i 11 9 7m 2a 9a R. T. Gibson. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, S. O., and S. Coll. 35 63-24 So. oi 64-13 48.20 63-90 Ja. 856; M~ar. 1857 2 g[ (( Mrs. J. T. Arnold. P. 0. and S. 1. Vol. i. I.... I4.64 Dec. i864; Feb. iS65 0 3 7m 2a 9a Assistant Surgeon. M S. from S. G. 0. 2. ~ 47-42 23.62.. Aug. IS49; Apr. 1850 0 9 (Dr 9. a 9a Ar. Met. Reg. 18553.. 49-10 i. 86o 0 4 7M 2a 9a........ Rep. of N. W. Bound Com.. 52.03 75-04 52 97 29.S1 2~6 Feb. I S64; Dec. 1870 5 IO ( AssatSren VS rmS.O 5 52.9S 73- 57 5I76 33~I11 252.8.6 Jan.~ I 864; Dec. IS70 5 II cc Spalding. MS. from S. G. 0. 6 51-00 7 O-3)3 5 I.21 36.9i 23 IS37; I84I 2 2...... c W ilkes. I I ~I~ ~I~ I ~ )1857 0 o 7M 2a E. P. Thompson. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. 2 44-40 1~70-11 47-71 22-39 46, 115 July, i866; Dec. 1870 4. 2 7m 2,, 9a bl,, Dr. Carey. - S. 0. 3 50-48 75.38 53-86 32.01 52. 93 May, 1849; Dec. 1851 I 6 (D 9m 3a 9a Johnson. MS. in S. Coll. 4 47-58 72- 59 5I-43 25-00 49-07 M~ar. I57; Dec. 1970 9 1 7. 2a % bhis Dr. E. H. Bowman. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, and' S. 0. 5 48.89 71-54 52~ 39 29. o6 50-47 1847; I850 3 3 (Dr 9m 3. (I P rof. J. Hall. Pat. Off. Rep. 6 51-42 75.02 54. 82 28.o6 52-33 Jan. 1851; Dec. i858 7 11 7. 2a 9. cC44 S. Coll., P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. 7 50-33 72.83 52.66 27.67 50.87 Aug. 1833; Dec'. 1870 26 9 7. 28,, 9 -, Dr. S. B. Mead. MS. inl S. Coll. 8 46.og 69~77 49-91 22.84 47-15 Oct- 1857; ]Dec.. 870 7 4 6 6 A. J. Babcock, Dr. A. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. 0. Spaulding and wif~e. 9 46-32 70- 54 48.12 24.28 471~3I Jazn. 1854; July, i86r 3 8 7M 2at-, Prf ii'9ain,I (~ MIead, and F. Crandon. 10 57.26 78-04 59-03 34. IS 57- I3 May, i86o; Dec. i862 2 I 7. 2a 9a bi, N. T. Bakter, J. J. R. S. 0. Patrick. II 44-86 69. I 7 46-31 2I. I1 45-36 Apr. i868; Dec. I870:2 91 c G. B. Moss. I2 49-03 77-80 53-92 30.62 52.84 June, IS56; Feb. I859 Z- 9 7m 2a 9a Rev. WI. V. Eldridge. S. Coll., P. 0. and S. 1. Vol. i. 13 Nov. iS59; June, i86o 0 4 i' Dr. G. 0. Smith. P. 0. andi S. I. Vol. I, and S. 0. 14 52.09 74. 98 52- 59 26.5 I 5;-54 Aug. 1858; Dec. 1859 1 2 7m la 7a MrsIIT. E. M. A. Belle. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. 15 i.1~ I~ ~ I ~~1 86 0 2 Mm 2- a i H. A. Schauber. S. 0. I6 48.56 1.. I.. I.. I/.. 11 I86I 1 o 4) " ( I, Fitch,~~~6 4 I i 16 I AS.. 2P41. j/6 i 86i;i~y 16 0 A T. Fitch.. S O 24 TEMWPERABTURE TABLES. ILLINOIS~H~. —Contin-ued..NAME OF STATION. 0Q 22. Edgar Co. (near S. W. corn.).. 1 39030" SS056`, 330-42 170-25 350-42 440-37 530.6i 23. Effingham, l 39 07 S S 32 592 30-73 ~ I 62-73 730~440 1770-45 790.65 24~ Elgin, ~~~~42 03 8 777 2300 20 6 3.5 45. I3 56.99 66.26 70.26~ 69-40 59'9I191 4S r3 059 20 25, I~~lmira qr Io 89 50 20~~~~~~6 26. 92 ~ 33- 53 48-72 6. 7~ 52 70~ 96 62.94 4~IS. 76 38-01 23-35 26. Evanston (Ni W- 42 03 S7 39 6iS 23-49 25-86 34. 32 45.63 55-Sq 66. I 5 70. 20 70-43 66-75 49. 63 39- 78 23-S9 University) 27- Farm Ridge. 41 q 13 88 53 6oo 2O. 90 26 05 40-00 46- 73 62,4-3 66. ro 69-4S 68. 13 59-08 49. S6 31-50 18-73 28. Fort Armstrong 41 3 0 90 40 52S 22. SO 24. 68 37-83 5i.o6 62.67 71- 39 76-48 74~48 62,. S 52.26 39-02 27. i6 29. Fremont Centre, r42 I 8 88 o6 736.19 73 23-43 33-93 36- 56 5 3~4I 67.6i 75.22 71- 56 65~S2 49-45 30.'5 32.24 30. Galesburg (Univrs.) 40 55 90 24 795 21-41 26. IO 33.22 49-OI 59.653 70-41 74. o6 71-75 63.69 49. 93 38-75 26.40 3 I. Golconda... 3 7 23 88 30 - ~ 1 35-05 4I.29 45-34 58-3i 65-89 75- IS 8I~76 80. 59 72.07 58-97 46.17 36-31 32. Granville... 41 I4 89 I5 -. I 55, i 56 i 5~5 )3. H-avana. - 40 IS 90 05 475 1 ~ i~ ~ 1I ~I~~ ~ 66.15 52.28 41-04 25.85 -incennpin 4 89 20 - 26 8 5 9 2 ~5 4~8 67- 75 74 X 04 Lr2 67-9-3 53 -414I45 25-90 35-,Highlandl. 38 44 89 o 620 32- 77 35 IS 44-52 57-5o 67.62 75-54 79- 55 77,97 70- SS 55.95 42,98 34-44 36. Hillsborough 39 1 2 89 2,6 25- 39 39-40 37. Hoyleton... 38 26 S9 17 480 25- 70. 49-03 6L.7 73-63 79~30 75.65 68-48 48-75 4 2 25j 28- 85 38. Jacksonvillez,I 39 4~5 90 1 2 676 28.99 24. 27 4I-48 55- IS 6i.69 75- I3 74-45 72-52 65-53 54.9,1 44- S9 34-76 39 -ig'~ Joliet. 41 30 88 05 - ~ 1 29-39 31- 57 1~ 52- 79 56.071, 73-35 68.65 f,~40-75 42 05 ~ 26- 78 24.20 2678 42-48 53.23 3.90-15o 41. Lawn.. 40 59 89 38 ~ ~ 27.25 49-78 42. Lebanon. J.358 g 0 0~7 3~0 363.540 65.20 73-95 57 ~3 69.25 57-40 4j-.28 39-88 43. Lee Centre 41 4 5 89 17 -33-98 20. 55 44. Loami - 1 9 40 89 V1 675 26.1I3 30 —6 32-47 52.27 58-90 7I.69 76.18S 74-34 64-57 51-09 40-36 25.68 45. Louisville -8 45 88 30 -- 33-71 34-39 38.4 55.oo 66.25 73-i6 78.67 76-I4 67- i5 50-59 42-34 31-34 46. M~agnolia (nar 4 I5 89 15 300 I5-93 25-7S 34-98 47.29 35-72 7i.6i 85-io 66-40 4I.65 25-95 47. Manchester. 39 31 90 34 683 26.41 30. 65 38- 55 52.04 62.90 71-88 76.11 73-72 66. 00 53-56 40-47 29-58 48, Manlius..4 24 88 36 33-90 49- M~arengo.... 42 I4 SS 34 S4_2 9~2 2-.SI 33I 3 3 5~6 67-37 -2I 82 039 48-89 33-78 26.05 50- Mattoon. 39 29 88 23 740 30-00 28.85 34. 73 53-iS 66.80 73-4~8 78-42 75~52 67-77 51-48 40~ 87 30-34 51- Meeker's Store. 37 24 89 20 487 36.So 34.25 47-55 55-40 73-17 76.85 67-72 58.22 46.63 44.63 52. M'ilford....41 33 88 40 17.72 29.28 39-69 49~04 58.So 68-76 76~7I 73~93 58.22 57-o6 36-90 26. go 53~ Mound City... 3'7 o6 89 12 44-75 4I.63 47-18 77~37 48-75 46. 66 54~ Mount Sterling, 39 58 90 47 ~ 26.04 30-46 36.68 52.92 62.99 73-54 80-03 74-87 65-52 53,27 42.18 28-53 5~~. niro... 42 OS S7 55 -0 949 30~2 34.25 43. o6 53-17 ~8~ 0 66.7 6.I4~543-56 20 56. Murrayville. 6S - -o 655I30 514 74-87 74-0 7,37 73-8 49 j7~ ~i~~ck"" NurCYY 41 50 8 27-41 47~'53 54-89 66.oo, I~4 58. Nvaperville. 4 46 88 o6 22-35 24. 53 744~99 72.2i 6o.29' 4 7~5I 17~00 59- Olney.. 38 44 88 03 63-13 54-88 6o. Oquawka...40 55 90 59 79-83 72.93 68-30 55-443 43-35 27-95 6i. Orchard Farm 40 36 S9 45 24. 35 30-55 37~ 87 49-52 6i-71 69.S7 72-33;71-94 63.285 5o- 58 37. 29 29-46 62. Osceola 41 12 89 46 22 69 28 -. 6o0~8 6.6 0I3 7~5 36 64~~55 5~ 39 20.23 63- Ottawa..4 20 88 47 500 23-48 26. 70 35.62 45-78 59-82 69.98 74. 55 7i.63 6,3.91 52-49 37.26 25-79 64- Pana,,...39 23 89 05 735 29. 23 30-75 36.28 54 —24 66.iS 7i.60 76-76 744~85 66.55 50-12 39.67 2S.9I 65~ Paris.....39 37 87 4i 6oo 63-4S 66. Pekin. ~40 35 89 38 4 3 2I6 8 4'~58 0 0 60.74 7 O.'53 74-77 7;.4'3 5 ~ - 0~3 3 ~7 2~ 67- Peoria..../ 40 463 89 30 5I2 25.o6 2S.67 37-98 5I-05 2. 7~ 77-II 74-12 66~7 5.3 3~S 84 6S. Pleasant Ridge N~ursery..4I 15, So36. 5 O. 22. 75 28-42, _2.,p 47.(S 5 o..jI 6Q.52 I 7i.66 70. 2 62.1_ 48-11 I IQ14 I 2q.9 TEMPERATURE TABLESs. 25 ILLINOIS.-Continued.~ued E ~~~~~~~ ~~SERIES. EXTENT OBSERVING C~~~~~~E ~~~~Begins. Ends. yrs.mos. HOURS. 22 1440-47 rSS8 0 5 J W. Prown. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. 23 76. 83 May, i869; Jan. 1870 0 S 7.1 2,1 9.t bi. W''I'hol1Psqn. S. 0. 24 4 ~32 68.64 47'-71 2I'-91 460.iS Jan. iSSS; July, iS62 4 0 4 BU. Newcomb. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. 0. 25 47-80 72.2S 49~ 90 23~68 48~44I Maly, iS62; Aug. IS70 S 10 cc 0. A. Blanchard. S. 0. 26 45.28 68. 93 52.05 24-41 47-67 Feb. IS58; Dec- 1870 4 1 " C. E. Smith, J. H. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I,and S. 0 Gill, 0. Marcy, and others.. 27 49- 72 67-90 4~36.81: 21.89 46- 58 Feb. x86o; Dec. ig6o o io E. Baldwin. S. 0. 28 SO.S2 74-12 SL.42 24-88 SO.23 Jan. 1824; Dec. 1835 ii 6 7., 2. ga Assistant Surgeon. Ar. Met. Reg. 185529 41-30 71-46 48-S2 2S.13 46.6o Jan. I8S7; Mar. ISSS 1 3 99. H. Smith. P). 0. and S. I. Vol. i. 30 47-29 72-07 50-79 24.64 48-70 Feb. jS6i; Dec. 1870 9 7 7m1 Ia 9a. W. L-ivingstone. S. 0. 31 56- 5' 79-18 S9~07 37- S5 58-08 Jan. i866; Sept. 1870 4 9 7. 2a 9a bi W. V. Eldridge.ccC 32 1857 0 r 7. 2, 9., J. L.1 Jenkins. P. 0. and S. 1. Vol. i. 33 53.i6 1870 01 4 J. Cochrane. S. 0. 34 51-79 7h~-52 54-37 27.22 52-48 1870 1 0 E. Osborn.ccc 35 56-55 77-69 56-60 34-13 56.24 Jan- 184I; Mar. i864 15 i 6M 9M N-3a Dr. yhiner, A. F. MiS. in S.Coll. and S. 0. B~andlelier. 36 1858 0 2 7., Z 2 9. r. S. Titcomnb. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. 3776.I9 53,i6 Apr. i854; June, i866 I 0 7. 2. 7. bis J. Ellsworth, 0. J. S. 0. M~arsh. 38 52-78 74-03 55-13 29~34 52.82 Apr. 1849; Mar. Is62 2 11 sc T. Dudlley and Coffin. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. i, S. O., and S. Coll. 39 O ~I~ ~i ~I. I ct- I8413; July, I845 0 8 G), 9. 39. 9,, Dr.. K.Brownson. M S.in S.Coll. 40 40-83 67-04 i869 O 8 7M 2a 9abis Dr. A.Spaulding and S. 0 wife. 41 i867 0 2 c A. H. Thompson. 4c 42 54-74 75-67 57~64 3 5~II 55-79 Nov. 1859; June, i862 I 8 it N. E. Cobleigh. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. 0. 43 i86o 0 2 Ic E. D. Strauss. S. 0.. 44 47-SS 74~07 52.01 27-39 50-34 Jan. iS66; Sept. z869 2 9'F. Dudley. 4 45 53.24 75-~99 53-36 33-15 53-93 MR~ar. iS69; Dec. 1870 1 10 Dr. D. H. Chase. 46 39-33 74-37 22~ 1"255 Nov. i866; Aug. i86S I 4 H. A. Smith. 47 51-i6 73-90 53-34 28.88 SI-82 July, IS54; Dec. 1870 15 6 7. I, 9,, J. Grant & daughter. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. 0. 48 i86o 0 1 7. 2. 9., bis S.'L. Shotwell. S. 0. 49 4~9.69.27 -769 23-09 4604 Apr. 1856; Mar. i869 6 i6 0. P. &. S. Rog~ers. 50 51-57 7.5~ 8 53-37 a~ 52-62 Aug. i869; Dec. 1870 29 3 I Dr. W. E. Henry. ( c 51 57- 52 38. 56 Mar. i86i; Feb. i862 0 10 C4 R. Mlleeker. 52 49-18 73-13 50-73 24.63 49-42 1854 I 0.(...... JHeidik Regents' Rep. 53 44-35 Sep~t. iS62; Mar. i863 o 6 7M 2a a..... MS. from S. G. 0. 54 50-86 76.15 53.66 28-34 52.25 Jan. i866; D~ec. 1870 4 II 7., 9a bNi Rev. A. Duncan. S. 0. 5S 43-49 69.23 5I-34 27.25 47-83 1849; 1850 1 5 (2),9m 3. 9 Main. S. Coll. 56 73-77 i865 0 7 7. 1Ia 9a J~Grant & caug-hter. S. 0. 57 Apr. i863; M~ay, i867 0 7 7m 2a 9abis J.. itle 6 5S:2 29 JUIY, 1859; Feb. i86o 0 7 7M 2, 9, M. S. &r L. Ellsworth. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. i. ana S. 0. 59 i86o 0 2 7m2a H.is H A. Brickenstein. S. 0. 6o 55.69 180o 6 H1. N. Patterson. 61 4970 71-05 50-38 981 98 a. I60 in.84 40' J. H. Riblet.((< 62 50-52 72~9 I0 23-82 4~ Jan. i86o; May, i86i Dr. J. S. Pashley. 63 47-07 72.05 51.22 25-32 48-92 64 DNva70r 9 r r. J. 0. HIarris, Mrs. P. 0. an d S. 1. Vol. I, S. 0., E. A. Mer-win, and S. Coll. Mnieacham. 64 52.23 74-40 52.11 29.63 52.09 June, i8693; Dec. I870 I 7 cc Dr. T. Finley. S. 0. 65 - i86S 0 1 " I C. Lee. 66 48-77 72-24 5;.28 2'.'6 49~9 Jn 1855; Oct. s6 io "( J. H-. Riblet. M S. in S. Coll., P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. 0. 67 5o.~63 74-46 52.94 27-40 51-36 Jan. 1856; Dec. 1870 14 9 49 Dr. F. Brendel, M. P. 0.and S. I. Vol.I, and S. 0 A. Breed. 68 46. 75 71-i6 49-87 25-72 48-37 July, i863; July, I870 7 1 C V. Aldrich. S. 0. TEMPERATURE TABLES. II.LINOIS. — Continued. ~,, f ~ I{..... {p.......... 78. Upper Alton ~ ~ 9~~~4/'65~ 29~'43 34~'39 43~'47 52~'~2 63~'53 173~'I6 [76~'65 [75~'~5 [6 87 53~.59 400.7~ 3I~.3c 38 51~ 80. Wapella ~ ~ 44 4 88 58 178.6I [75.57 -. 27.78 [ 47.1o 40 9x 23 25.36 29.23 37.45 5~-~15 6'/38 74.~571 72-88{6i 57 5I'.67 37.48 29.~4 82. Waterloo ~ ~ ~ 38 2:0 9~ xo 25'86 53.4-I 64 74 82..79 80.45 70.79 59.32 45.78 37'26 I 44'52 83. Waukegan... 42 2:i6 87 55 89 58 26.26 41.72 5x 08 3o.8I { 35.90 84. Wavefly.... 39.33 5~.'62 63 6I 74.35 ] 73.35 67. i4 [ 50-;~ 39.72 [ 29.38 39 85. Waynesville. 89 o7 29'89 24'27 t 43'~5 5I'66 57 36.. 40 75.54 / 73'2I 65'98 I 53.48 33.78 [ 3I-5~ 86. West Salem... 38 o 88 oo 27..97 34.22 { 44.43 54.,49 67 xI 78.80 [ 75.I4 68.55 { 57. I8 42.36 [ 33.98 87. West Urbana.. 40 39 88 I7 550[[ 24.27 27.97 { 39.63 47. II 60'48 76.74 I 74.23 66.~6 {51.96 38.4x 29.94 88. Wheaton. 41 49 88 06 2x.4I { 36.22 51.7o 56o9 72.o41 682[[ 28.49 ~. 7o. 62 6I. 39 49.1o 36. xI 24.97 89. Willow Creek Nursery..... 41 45 88 56 ro4oll 18.7o 26.75 ] 7o. 93 [69.43 60.$3 37.25.. 9o. Winnebago.. 42 17 [ 89 12 9OO1[ 19..19 21.80 [ 31.83 44"67 5769 60. SI [47.04 34-60 21.O2 9I. Woodstock.. 71.59168.94 42 I8 88 24.. 28.60 { 4o.I3 47. IX 63 02' 72.85 [ 7o. 13 60.56 [ 49. II 92. Wyanet (fontz miles 41 3c 89 45 21.72 49.,o3 59 II 26.76t33.16 7s.o917 24.09 N. W. of) 93. York Neck. 62.91150.43 39.68 4o o5 91 33 23 33.35 ~ 9~ 49.,00'62 9~ /38.55 7o. I5152.oo 41.3o 25.65 73.25[72.3~ INDIANA. I. Annapolis... [3o9ol'.... 55.38 39-23 24.88 2. Anoma...... III 38.42 4o. 5I 5i.97 6o. 4~ 7i.33 74'39 54.51 51.79' 25.29 3' Aurora.... 150911 28.;5 33.79 40.59 52.9~ 62.44 73.36 79.04 74.42 67.45 52.67 41.59 29.90 4. Balbac., IXOOVll 24.27 21.15 32.35 55.05........ 5. Blooming~tale 33.20' -. 65.75 74.9~ 79.58 72.88 (Friends' Acad.) 6. Bloomington ~ ~ I 6o~tt 21~-23 {7711{ 35.7r 35.22 43.30 48.97 6o.88 70.68 80.35 71.49 52.o6 51.23 41.44 27.48 7-Cadiz8 (one mile 27.96 3.5.56 47.19 57.93 65.70 70.33 67.71 60.0.3 47-31 37.~8 27.17 S. of) 8. Cannelton.. {I~6~1{ 23.85. 40o 3o. 39 38. I7 44.04 54. o0 64.20 72.55 75.47 73.61 66.80 56. Io 45-5~ 37.48 9. Columbia City.. ~'23.6I 27.33 32.98 48.38 56.32 71.27 75.3~ 70.29 62.65 50-29 39.77 27.23 Io. Evansville... 39~ 32.45 38.84 44.24 51.6o 63.56 73.70 79.00 76.39 70.69 57.59 43.Io 42.63 II. Farmers' Institute.. 60.97 71.23 69.08 68.40 7o, I5 5o. Io I2. Fort Wayne... 58. Io 70.34.. 25.23 x3. Greencastle... 24.5~ 35.00 41.55 61.9I 69.43 14. Green Mount.. 15. Harveysburg 35.05 ~ ~ 26'25 28'15 33'44 /3~9~/| 33.38 5;.26 6;.54 72.09 75.37 73'22 65'63 43.48 37'45 30'98 I6. Indianapolis.. 30.87 37-64 49.94 6~.'4571.73 74.58 71.60 64.63 5o.43 40.82 28.80 I7. Jalapa.... 56. I3 67.20 78.76 68.53 59.46 49.31 42.09 I8. Jeffersonville.. / 69~// 26.45 ~.49 33.95 32.05 48. 45. 45. 59.' 69. 80. 79. 82. 70. 60. 53. 19. Kendallville /4~~// 34.58 ~ ~ 31.46 40.47 50.48 6o. 12 71.77 78.95 75.7~ 66.67 ~ { 975// 20. Kentland. 31'89 31'28 46'98 57.00 65.84 71.32 73.25 63.88 44.03 34.60 27.50. 5 35.18 2I. Laconia4.... 17'2 t{ 3'1'~~ 34.05 39.80 56.05 65.40 71.95 76.75 75.55 67.83 51.64 42.67 33.52 22. Lafayette... 32.38 31.35 ~r7'58 61.18 69.80 71.20 74'25 3O'7~ 23. Laporte.... / 62o//~9.73 26'4~ 36'25 47'27 61.26 68.69 72.99 70.73 64.67 48.84 4o.90 26.49 I 55~{{ 28'I9 24. Laporte.... 25.0 28.0 36.o 40.0 50.0 6o.o 64.0 65.0 54.0 45.0 34.0 20.0 25.Lo...... 55.29. ~6 /5.5o/ 24.15 30.36 37.;7 49.;8 60.84 70.59 77.5~ 73.58 64.;8 52.03 3~.;2 28.;0,~.... /6oo/i32.87 31.53 43.53 55.82. 62.87 71.11 80.08 75.31 69.56 56.27 39.24 37.33 / 4soil t Observations at 6m 2~ 6~, from Nov. I, 185~, to May, ~853, subsequently at 7m 26 9~; no correction for change of hours has been applied. v Observations previous to I857 were made at irregular hours; the series has been corrected for daily variation. TEMPERATURE TABLES. 27 IL LINOIS. — Conti nued.,. a a SERIES. EXTENT OBSERVING E OBSERVER. REFER ENCES. Begins. Ends. yrs.mos. HOURS. 77 153"~oI 740-95 )540-05 310O~74 530I44 1849; 1854 4 4 (r 9m 3a 9a James. S. Coll. S 49-75 74-31 53-96 28.00 5I-51 Ja.". 1854; Apr. i864 5 5 7M 2 79a Dr. L. James and P.O. andS. I. Vol. I, andS. O. Anna C. Trifle. 79 I865 o 2 7m 2. 9. bis J.-A. Sanborn. S. O. 80 I$68 o 2, T. L. Groff. 81 49.79 72.68 51.57 27.9I 50.49 May, 184o; Dec. 1870 9 IO Ben. Whitaker. MS. in S. Coll., P. 0. and S. 82 54. 2 2 I. Vol. I, and S. O. 8 2 54.22 8o.89 58.63 31.49 56.31 Mar. I865; Dec. I87O 3 o 7m 2. 9.bis H. Kfinster, F. Sum, S.. Dr. C. Jozelle. 83 42.90 I849 o 3 0, 9 3.`9 Joslyn. S. Coll. 84 5I.I9' 72. 85 52.62 28.82 51.37 Apr. 1862; Dec. 1865 3 5 7m 2a 9abis T. Dudley. S-.O. 85 5o.69 7365 5I.O8 28 Jan. 7S2,; Mar. 859 2a ga J. E. Cantril. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I: 86 55.34 76.07 56.03 32.06 54.87 Feb. I$56; Oct. I86o 4 5 H. A. Titze. P. 0. and S. I. Vol.,, and S. 0. 87 49.07 73.7 7 52.14 27.39 50.59 Apr. 1857; Dec. I859 2 9 " Dr. J. Twain. P. O. and S. I. Vol. I. 88 48.00 70.28 48.87 24.96 48.o3 Dec. I857; Dec. x86I 2 7 7m 2.` 9a.us Prof. G. H. Collier. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. O. 89 Jan. I86o; Nov. I86I O 9 E. E. Bacon. S. 0. 90 44.73 69.22 47.48 2o.67 45.53 iJan. 1858; Dec. 870 I2 9 " J.1W. Tolman and P. 0. and S. I, Vol. I, and S. O. -daughter. 91 50o09 70.25 Sept. I859; Apr. I86I I o G. R. Bassett.,, 92 47.Io 68.8o 5I.oI 24. 19 47.77 June, I864; Dec. 187o 6 4 " E. S. Phelps and S. 0 I 50~I5 72~53' 5448 i 2763 j daughter. 93 5o.I5 72.53'' 54.48 27.63 51.20 Jan. i864; Dec. 1870 2 o...... P. Gay. MS. in S. C1ll. INDIANA I.........I i I 1870 o 3 7m 2. 9abiM R.S. Robertson. S. O. 2 5I'5.- 1849; 185o o IO Or 9m 3a 9,, Thomson. S. Coll. 3 51.98 75.61 53.90 30.SS 53.09 Jan. I859; Dec. i870 5 9 7]2f9a s G. Sutton. P. 0 and S. I. Vol. I, and S. 0. 4 I$66 o 4 " Miriam Griest. S. 0. 5 75.79 Feb. I864; July, I865 o 8 " W.-H. and Mary A. Hobbs. 6 50.38 74.II 48.24 32.80 5I.38 Mar. i868; Sept.1869 I 3 C. M. Dodd & others. "" 7 46.89 67.9I 48.I4 26.33 47.32 Dec. 1854; Mar. 1865 9 7 W. Dawson and F. S. Coll. and S. 0. i. Redding. 8 54.o08 73~88 56.13 35-35 54-86 Jan. 1857; Apr.I869 3 4 H". Smith, Jr., and P. P. 0. and S. I.~Vol. I, and S. O. Smith. 9 45.89 72.29 50.90 26.06 48.79 Sept. i865; Dec. I870 5 0 Dr. F. McCoy'and S. 0 daughter, Dr. W. J. Maxwell. Io 53'13 76-36 57.I3 37.97 56.I5 Mar. 1857; Sept.- 858 x 7 7m 2a 9a J. F. Crisp. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. II 69. 57 I865 o 6 7, 2a 9abis I.E. Windle. S. O. 12 May, 1849; Dec. 1870 o 3 " R. S. Robertson and S. O. and S. Coll. Huestes. 13 1 843; 1854 o 5 72t 2. 9a Profs. C. J. Downey Newspaper slip, P. 0. and S. and J. Tingley. I. Vol. I, and S. Coll. 14.. I86O. 7m 2ft 9abis J.Haines. S.O. ~~~~~~8 4 I5Fb 48'57'69 Set 18870 28.6 4 C9.9C 5. 4875 73~56 48.85 28.46 4 Feb. I869; Sept.7I87O I 6', B. C. Williams. I6 49.34 72.64 5x.96 28.71 5o. 66 Jan. i864; Dec.'I87O 6 5 " 4 W. W. Butterfield and others. I7 7I.50 50.29 32.O June, i868; June, 869 I o Dr. A. C. Irwin. I8 57.67 80.33 6i.oo 43.33 6o.58 I8s9 x o 7mI........ 7M 2a ga........ Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1847. I9 5o.36 75.47...... 1854 o 8 J. Knauer and W. B. P. O. and S. I. Vol. I. Coventing. 20 45.o9 7o.14 47.50 30.I3 48.22 Feb. 1869; Dec. 1870 o m 7,2, 9 bis D. Spitler. S. 0. 21 53.75 74-75 54.05 34.25 54.20 July, i869; Dec. I870 I 6 C A. Crozier. "" 22- 46.70 71.75. 30.94 May, i854; Jan. T87o o IX "!A. T. Bixby and J.T T) 1-i -1 0 T X T - I -1 r / WT. Newton. 23 148.26 70.80 5I.47 27'o3 49.39 1849; Dec. x87o 2 6,, F. G. Andrew and SOad.oI, ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~NewYlcirk. 24 42'00 63-00 44.33 24.33 43.41 I85~ x ol...... IReid. Pat. Off. Rep. 25.. ~86 o I 9, Dr. W. W'. Spratt. S. O. 26 49.~o 73.89 5;.51 27.64 5o.66 July, I854; June, I863 5 2 7m 2, 9.bis E. L. Berthouri, C. B. MS. in S. Coil. and S. O. Laselle, I. Bartlett, / ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~nd T. B4. Helen. 27 1 4.o7 75.5~ 55.o2 33.9I 54.~63 Nov. 1854; July, I866 2 lO t " iC. Barnes, and Revr..anl I o, d O: i ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~S. Collins. s Observations after February, x863, were made at 2VewecasllTe very near Cadiz. Also called ToaL~zcc Zandn~z~z. 28 TEMPERATURE TABLE S. INDIANA.-C —-Continued. NAME OF STATION. a)P cd r 28. Merom... 39005/ 87030/1,,1280-54 330-87 38'.20 5IO-76 620.03 1720.29 7'80-93 7600.44 [640-99 1520.93 4L30-i6 300-52 29. Michigan City, I41 42- 86 49 622 24. 28 29. 30 36.05 44. 63 56-46 67-48 72-95 7o. 8o 63-72 47-87 35.69 27.6o 30~ Milton 39 47 85 o6 800 30. 20 29~331 A 53 52.6i 62. 24 71-13 75- 52 73-13 67-80 50.26 42.09 31-52 31- Mlishawal... 41 39 86 o8 1,/, I,, (43-84 63.2i 64-97 73-31 70~72 62.27 51-II 43-72 32- Mount Carmel. 1 39 25 84 52 900 31-18 30~ 83 36-00 5I-85 65-13 70-77 76-31 75-98 1;67-74 50- I4 38.85 29.85 33- Mount H-ope2. II 39 47 85 33 800 3I.88 29- 75 38-09 50. 28 6i.63 69.97 75-32 74-44 66-45 49.29 40-51 28.18 34- Muncie, [ 40 I2 85 20Iool2~4 30 7 50 98.3 70~7 5I 70-7i 62.27 49-03 40-17 1) 3 35. ew lbay - 38 I 8550 53126. 85 39-56 40-03 51-46 6i-98 7I.76 76-90 73-o6 68.6i1 51- 57 43-72 35-40 36. New Harmony. 38 10 87 54 3501 34-11 41- 53 52- 56 56.04 6i7.64 76-36 78.85 75-5o 65.65 55-72 43. 27 37-36 37. New Harmony. 38 io 87 54 35011 31-32 6.~29 43- 77 55.26 65- 53 73.20 78~53 76.04 68.92 54-44 44.25 35- I3 38. Newport.... 39 57 84 54!/~ ~i~ ~j.~i- ~I~ ~ 48.08 43.28 39- P-ennville... 40 20 85 00 Iooo 19. 80 31-45 42-50 51-88 63-35 70. 24 71-83 70.r I 9,I, 21. 15 40. Rensselaer... 40 56 87 05 725 22.99 28.00 34.9 I 47-39 59.24 70- 73 75~02 71- 7o 65.24 47-49 36.98 24. 67 41. Rich~mond3,[ 39 50 84 5 1 8So0 26.25 3I-04 39-45 50-01 6o~59 70-08 73-85 71-44 65~88 52.20 39-48 30-19 42. Rocktville (one mile N. of)....39 47 87 10 1100ol 25-90 28-50 3 6.40 50-4o 6o- 30 67-40 74~ 70 71- 5o 65.90 50-90 40-50'28. 90 43. Rockville... 39 46 87 1 0 I 100 25- 59 29.15 36-65 52.13 62. 88 68.00 72.20 72.05 63. 68 46. 43 40-10 27.65 44. South Bend. I 41 39 86 12 600 21. r4 29. 14 35 —38 46.99 6i-07 68.93 72-47 71-34 62.60 47-8I 38-74 29~ 74 45- Spiceland...I 39 51 85 26 102~5 25- 57 3o. 62 36.69 50- 36 6o. 28 70- 55 74. 74 71.29 64-36 49-47 40-13 29. 23 46. Vevay.... 1 38 45 85 05 525 29-38 35-76 43~L47 56. I3 63-78 74. 62 79-09 75-5i 69-35 53-89 42.90 32-3I 47~ Warsaw. I 41 14 85 52; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 29.90 I, ArmtrongAcaci., 1134 07 9, 47-36 46- 56 53.22 63-02 69.90 77-o8 - 56 8~5 74.24 66. I 7 53-19 42.14 2. Bap~tist Mission 1 35 00 97 00I, I,,,, I,,I,,I,,I, 47-75 A ~55 3- Caneys I,, I,I, I, 53. 2 6. 83 70-05 7~~4' 82.23 76.03 6~ 55-90 43.23 4. Fort Arbuckle 1 34 29 97 17 Iooo 38-09 45~I4 53 - 35 6i-33 69.95 77-I2 82.29 81.24 73-76 6i.6I 49.65 39-04 5. Fort Gibson, [35 48 95 20 560 38.88I 41.83 51- 5o 62- 53 69.21 76-33.80-84 80.22.73-43 61.29 49.6 I 40- I 6. Fort Sill. 134 45 98 38 r ~)I I~ I~ 62.83 73.21 77.23 82.14 78.64. 74-99 56.17 46.97 7. Fort Towson, 134 00 95 12 300 42.96 45-9r 53-3i 63- 85 69- 53 76.67 80. 56 79- 53 72-36 6o. 84 50-08 42.35 8. Fort Washita.j 34 II 96 38 645 4I.69 47-30 54-01 63.27 70-39 76-72 SI.2i 8o. 97 74. So 62 64 PI.62 41.6o 9. Good Water Mission' E33 95 2 i I,,, 8.6o 44 io. Lee's Creek 0 l3 0943,i I. 87 IOWA.~i~ TEMPERATURL TU RE TABLE~ ES. 29 INDIANA~-'d.-~Co ntinued. a B E SII~4- SERIES. EXTENT OBSER\VING ~~~ ~~ e0C OBSERVER. REFE RENCES. =r Begins. Ends. yrs. mos. HOURES. 28 /500.66 1750-89 1531.69 130'-98 520.81 Junie, i-866; Dec. 1870 4 3 7. 2. 9. U T. Holmles, and B. F. S. 0. McI-enry. 29 45-7I 70-41 49-09 27.o6 48-07 Jan. 1857; Sept. i86O 2 9 7m 2a 9a C. Sj. Woodwardl W. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, and MS. Woodbridg~e, and from U. S. Lakte Survey. H-. B3lake. 30 5I-13 73.26 53- 38 30-34 52-03 Jan. 1853; Dec. IS55 3 0 (( Dr. V. K~ersey. P. 0. &r S. 1. Vol. I, and S. Coll. 3I) ~ 69.67 52-37 ) ~I ~ ISept- 1858; Oct- IS59 0 10 ccC G. C. Meinfield, and P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. T. Vagnier. 32 50-99 74- 35 52. 24 30. 62 52.05 June, i869; Dec. 1870 I 7 7m 2a 9a bis J A, Applegate and S. 0. daughter.. 33 50-00 73.24~ 52.-OS 29. 94 51-32 Feb. i868; Dec. I870 2 6 C. M. Hobbs and D. "1 Deem. 34 48- -7 72.21 50-49 28 5 90 Oct. i863; MaY,IS70 5 5 49"90 E. J. Rice and Dr. G. "L' W. H. Kemnper. 35 5I-i6 713~9I 54. 63 333 ~94 53-41 Apr. IS56; Mar. iS69 4 3 C. Barnes, and 1). E. S. 0. and P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. L. Crozier. 36 58- 75 76.90 54.88 37.67 57-05 1826; IS28 2 5......~ Troost. Dove, 185737 5~1~Sg 1 5~92 5~87 34 25 5522 11 850; Dc. r87 19 5, 2, 9 bis J. Chapell Smith. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, S. O., andi S. Coll. 38 N. I.,..I~ov. I 5 1; Nov. 1853 1 3 7n,1 2a 9a Roberts. S. Coll. 39 52- 58 70-75 1~ 24-13 I IMay, i 864; Aug. iS65 0 r 7m 2a 9a bis Miriam Griest. S. 0. 40 47-18 72-48 49- 90 25.22 4S.70 July, iS64; Oct. 1870 3 II it I Dr. J. H. Loughridge. 1 4I 50-02 7I-79 52- 52 29. i6 50. 87 I 849; Aug. I 868 1 2 3 4 W. W. Austin, J. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, S. O., &r Moore, J. Haines, S. Coll. E. W~T. Rambo, J. Valentine. 42 49-03 71.20 52-43 27- 77 50-II Jan. i862; Dec. iS66 0......, H. H. Anderson. M IS. in S. Coll. 43 50~55 70- 75 50-07' 27-46 49- 71 Jan. i86o; Dec. i864 1 4 7m 2, 9a bis H. H. and Mary A. S. 0. Anderson. 44 47-81 70-9I 49-72 26.67 48- 78 May~, i862; june,i865 3 0 J H. Dayton, R. Bururo ughs. 45 49-11 72.19g 51-32 28-47 50. 27 May, i863; Dec. I870 7 8. LC I W. Dawson. 46 54-46 76-41 55-38 (32-48 54.68 Aug. iS64; Dec. I870 5 II C. G. Boerner. 47i~ ~.. /. I IS70 0 II G C. R. Thralls. 1 62.05 80.12 64- 53 45- 35 63-01 IS50; IS53 2 5 Or 9m i 3a 9 Brown. S. Coll. 2 I.. I,.. I. i 86o 0 2 7m 2a 9a bis H. F. Buckner. S. 0. 3 62- 77 78. 22 56.03 7 ~( ~I 16 0 a 9. ~B ith~k 4 6i-54 80. 22 6i. 67 40.76 6;.05 1 Oct- IS50; Aug. I870 12 2 4 Assistant Surgeon. Ar. Met. Regs. 1855 and i86o, and MS. fr-om S. G. 0. 5 6i.08 79-13 6i.44 40.25 6o. 04.8 IJuly, IS27; june,1857 29 10 4cc Ar. Met. Regs. iS5q and i86o, and S. Coll. 6 i, 179-34 59-38.. 1870 O 8 7. 2. 9. cc c MS. from S. G. 0. 7 62. 23 78. 92 6i.09 43~ 74 6i-50 IJan. IS32; Apr. I854 18 31 4 cc cc Ar. Met. Reg. 18558 62-50 79.63 63~02 43- 53 62.18 IJan. 1843; Mar. i86i i6 3 c Ar. Met. Regs. 1855 and i86o, and MS. from S. G. 0. 9 I,, I ~, I ~, ~~ II ~, II 1~~~86o 0 2 7. 2a 9. bi. S. McBeth. S. 0. 10I. ~. i.. I. 1 i86i 0 I 7m 2, g J. B. H~itchcock. c IOWA.~B~ 30 TEMPERATURE TABLES., —-.L 1OWA, —Continued..,, NAME OF STATION. ~0'-~/~ d ~' —J ~.'~............ ~'~ ~-~ 7. Boonesboro... 42004/ 93055/ I16o 15~.64 2io..94 31o.68 440.62 620.44 670.7~ 760.45 650.82 590.47 440.68 350.26 23o.29 8. Border Plains. ~ 42 24 94 05 18.47 20'09 35..54 41.93 57.84 69.89 76.05 72.37 64.57 [ 51.25 34.1o 20.20 9. Bowen's Prairie. 42 16 91 09 8~~1 20'92 23.93 29.41 47.44 60.84 69.15 72.22 69.47 60.85 45.27 34.68 21.19 ~ [ IO. Burlington... 40 49 91 07 600 2'5'9x 30'39 45.93 47'65 65'02 68'63 78.59 74.24 63.66 [ 50.60 41.23 24.48 _ II. BrooksideI... 42 25 92 oo 15'32 I9'92 27'65 45'50 58'99 68'33 73'54~ 69'38 6I'39 [ 46.36 33.77 I9.o8 12. Ceres..... 4249 91 12 825 I3.75 18.44 28.90 44. OI 56'55 68'67 71'55 69'54 63.42 15o.69 38.19 20.49 13. Clarinda.. 40 44 95 02 23.48 24.03.. 25.88 I4. Clinton(orLyo~ls2)ii 41 5~ 9~ Io 63~ 20'69 24'20 32.19 47,;5 58'65 68'79 73'74 7;'43 63.46 /49.33 ~36~81 25.06 15. Council Bluffs.. 41 I6 95 51 1327 I8.43 27'I4 37'26' 52'37 62'90 73.77 76.24 76.44 65.93 [ 52.o0 36.45 2o. 60 I6. Dakota.... 42 43 94 12 7'07 I6'59 23'64 38'32 5I'29 67'90 7~'62 70'32 60-53 [ 49.33 36.73 I9.23 17. Davenport... i] 4I 3~ 9~ 39 737'9'I8 24. o9 32.2I 46.30 59.07 69.60 74.2I 70.98 62.88 /48.38 37. I2 23.98 I I8. Des Moines Citya. 4I 36 93 38 780 23'5I 26.67 35.59 54.47 59'92 67'91 76'27 71'23 62'32 I 46'57 36'88 26.oo 19. Dubuque.... 42 3~ 9~ 4~ 680 2~'31 23.62 33.57 48.o2 6o.40 7o. I4 74.22 70.76 63.18 ] 48.76: 35.55 23.7i 20. Fairfield.... 4I ot 91 57 940 21.o 23:o 35.0 6I.O 68.0 69'0 75.0 72.0 7~.0 52.0 33.0 [ ~',2I. Fairfield.... 41 oI 91 57 940 23.28 25.56 38.43 47. I4 59.49 71-O8 77.07 72.32 64.40 52.47 35.38[ Fayette Village ~! 42 51 91 51 IOOO. 23.35 38.78 46.80 61.48 66.55 69.85 66.68 57.85 45.94 33.o6I c r 23. Forrestville... 42 40 91 32 I4.I2 19.66 32.45 46.76 57.66 i22. 65.27 70.7- 68.32 58.45 49.32 33.53I,I 24. Fort Atkinson.. 43 09 92 oo 7~ 20.95 2o. 12 29.43 49.73 58'38 64.77 72.47 68.57 61.3o 45.4~ 3 ~ 2 H25 Fort Croghan 41 21 95 23 125o 24.90 13.78 12.86 48'63 58'22 ~. o 68'25 73.77 69.46 63.80 x.? [ 26. Fort Dodge... 42 31 94 12 944 15.66 21.7o 27.o7 42.49 58.15 71.13 76.36 71.62 62.61 51.44 33.43[ i 27. Fort Madison4.. 40 37 91 28 6~~1 23. I2 27.56 37.56 49.85 62.57 72.81 77.58 73.81 65'59 52'28 38'65 I; 28. Franldin.... 42 45 92 II.. I5.64 21.22 33.03 43.82 57.35 69.68 73.33 69.29 61.59 50.74 3'2'93 I 1 29. Grant City... 42 I5 94 53 I7.7o 22'92 25'42 46'97 62'74 69.62 75.46 71.49 62.90 44.48 34.o21 3o. Guttenberg. 42 46 91 09 69o 14.o6 20.82 27.74 43.33 56'34 66'37 71.25 65'94 57.56 44.94 33.95f t 31.' Guttenberg (near) 42 46 9~ 14 800 15.87 20.64 25.88 44.80 59.33 68.55 66.28 69'9~ 64'98 46'56 34'92 / i 32. Harris Grovea.. 4I 39 95 47 900 18.19 26.74 30.67 45.76 58.55 66.83 74. I3 69.3~ 60.48 49.79 37.54[ 33. Hesper.... 43 3~ 91 46 720 13.23 19.9o 26.80 34. Independence 4229 91 57 850 15.38 2182 27.3I 4i.6I 59.oi 69'38 67'35 56'88 49'00 3~'4~/! ~' ~ 68.57 73.72 69.15 61.19 46. I5 35.2o [ 35. Iowa City... 4I 37 9I 30 62I I9'94 23.32 32.5~ 47.35 58'84 68.90 73.64 71.22 63.86 49.oo 35.99! i 36. Iowa Falls6... 42 32 93 2I I5.56 21.99 26.68 45.20 59'67 70.05 74.66 37. Keokuk. ~ ~ 7o'8o 63'3I 47'89 34"65 I 40 25 91 21 6;O 26.53 32,37 39.09 50.37 60.82 73. I3 76.43 74.74 67.4I 55.6ol 39. I3[ } 38. Lizard.... 42 3~ 94 25 ~ ~ 24.63.. 39. Manchester.. 42 29 91 38 925 19.;O 14.98 2i.55 46.;O 56'OO 63'73 7;'55 63.}3 61.OO 47.66 35.43 4O. Maquoketa... 42 04 9~ 41.... 26.42 34.94.. [ 41. MarbleRock.. 42 58 92 52.... 70.;0 7I'.o8 70.9~ 6I'.6o 52.28 q o.63 [, 42. Mineral Ridge.. 42 II 93 55 12oo 2o. 23 2i.;3 28.20 45.20 71.65 74.32 63.28 41.83 3T.23 ] 43. Monticello... 42 15 9~ 15 880 16.26 22.47 29.53 46.62 5~.~~ 68.}4 73.48 69.~3 6~.63 4{ ~2. } 44. Mount Vernon. 4I 58 9~ 28 " I7'63 22'25 30'40 46'95 58'57 68'34 73'II 69'48 61'7614; ~9;l' 45. Muscatine... 41 26 9I~5 586 20.69 24.76 34.58 48.25 58.25 67.09 71.22 68.94 62.12 14c'9;. 46. Mount Pleasant. 42 57 91 37.. I9.4I 28.68 33.56 46.08 62'75 72'1~ 76'93 72'87 66'7I ]4~;8 47. Newton.... 4~ 42 93 o3 14~~ 2~'15'' 71.23 60.45 I 4c }o ~,. 48. North Union near7 42 58 9~ 5~ 22'89 27'52 24 63'74 69.;9 74.69 71.26 64.39 4~'4' 125~ I9.95 49. 49. Onowa City... 42 02 96 09 lOOO 28.33 31.23 44.05 59'00 72.65 74.48 71.33 68.03 [ 5o. Osage..... 43 I7 92 49.- 9.58 17.2o.. 45.80 57.75 67'78 76'29 66'5~ 55'96 / 4c;o 5I. Pella..... 41 3~ 92 55 730 ~7.35 22.36 32.33 49.78 59'92 69-58 74.07 71'19 63.83 4~ ~o!! [ 52. Pleasant Plain.. 4! o7 9I 55 95oI! 2o. o8 24.94 35.5o 46.76 6~.49 7~.o7 74.75 72.~o 64.47 [ 4c ~9 53. Poultney.... 42 40 9~ 21..;; 12.62 16.57 31.4I 48.~5 6~'32 67.29 71.78 69.69 63.~2'I 4i [6 54. Quasqueton... 42 23 91 23 8881 I3.o6 16.38 25.5i 51.3~ 61.o2 70.7~ 74.97 71'39 65'77 / 5c )3 55. Rockford' ~ - 43 03 92 56.. 7.38 I8.28 37.63 67.48 54.35 / 4~ ~8 56. Rolfe..... 42 5~ 94 28.. 12.17 17.57 29.ot 43.}3 60.97 68.]2 75.~9 69.39 56.45/4: [4 ". 57. Roseville..,. /4e 54 43 IO 91 2I I4oo 22 17 18 27 36.92 40 4o 55'5I 66'05 72'32 71'1I 59'4~ /4~;4 58. Sac City.... 42 25 95 oo 900 49.64 63.77 59. Sioux City... 4235 9627 I258 I6'67'9.29 32.85 43.27 56'99 69. I7 7;.72 70.;3 62.~6 4;;2 60. St. Mary's... 41 oo 95 45 12oo I7'~1 32'41 I''';...... / Also called Byron. ~- Observations in 1857-58 were made at CamancAe, about three miles southwest from C/inZon. a Observations previous to I865 were made at For~ Des:FZoines, about two miles east of 2)es J/Zoines City..... ~.....................,.__ _-_~ ~ ~ _ ~............ -........ _......... TEMPEERATURE TAB LES. 3 IOWA~. —Continued. d ~~~~~~~ ~~SERIES. EXTENT OBSERVIINT OBSEilVER. REFERENCES. r 0'd Begins. Ends. yrs.mos. HOURS. 7 460.25 1690.99 [60,A7 1200.29 45'.75 Nov. Y867; Dec. 1870 2 6 7. 2, 9. U, E. BaLbcock. S. 0. 8 45-10 72~77 49-97 I59 46.86 July, IS56; Sept. I859 3 3 7/m 2ft ga W. K.( Goss. P. 0. and S. 1. Vol. I.. 9 45-90 79.28 46.~93 220 46.289 Feb. 1853; Dec. I870 3 3 7 2,, 9a, bis S. Woodwo1'rth, Bid- S. 0. and S. Coll. wrell, and Farwyell. 10 52. 87 73-82 5I-83 26. 93 51 —6 Feb. i859; May, i868 I 9. 4 J. M. Corse, and L. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. 0. P. Love. 11 44-05 70-42 47-17 18~Il 44-~94 Apr. IS62; Dec.II870 3 AC.Wetn S.0 I2 43-15 69. 92 504 6 17~56 45-35 May, iS65; May, iS6 3 J. M1. H-agensick. I3 24-46 Jan. i865; Feb. i866 0 3 ~~~~~~~~~Dr. S. H. KKridelbaug~h. " I4- 46. I0 71-32~ 49~ 87 23-32 47. 65 Apyr. 1856; Dec. I870 105N H akr. P.an.1 Vl ran.0 15 50-84 75~04S SI.46 22.o6 49-96 Jan. 1820; Dec. IS25 7n a6 Assistant Surgeon. Army Register. i6 37-75 69.61 4S.86 I4.30 42. 63 A'r. i867; M~ar. i86S I 0 7. 2.,, W. 0 Atkinson. S. 0.. 17 45-86 71.60 49-46 22-42 477~33 Apr. 1858; Dec. i870 9 3 A. J. Finley, W. P. P. 0. and S. 1. Vol. I, and S. 0. Dunwoody, j. Chamberlain,D. S. Sheldon. IS 49-99 71-80 48-59 25-39 4 S. qj9 Oct- 1843; June, sG 864" J. A. Nash, & Assist. Ar. Met. Reg.IS~. ~ 0 Surg. 19 47-33 7I~71 49-i6 22-55 47.69 IJan. 185I; Dec. 1870 1 IS IO C Asa Horr. MSni. in S$. Coll., S. O., P. 0. I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~and S. I. Vol. i, and S. Coll. 20 54.67 72.00 5i.67 21-33 49~492 pr 1855;WvI6 1 0... Dr. J. M. Schaffer. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. 21 8-3 7349 0-7 2503 9-4 Ap. T56; Dec. 1859 37 7m 2a 9a C C tCC C C C 22 49-02 67.69 45.62 Oct.ir';Nv 86 I1 7.1 2. 9. bis J. M. M'cKenzie. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. 0. 23 45.62 6S.I0o 47~ 10 IS-51 44~ 83 June, 1859; Apr. iS633 2 t D. Sheldon. 24 45-85'68.60 45.99I 20-40.45-19 Jan. 1842; May, 1846 4 5 (D, 9. 3a 9. Assistant Sur eon. Ar. Met. Reg. 1855-5 25 39-90 70-49 Jan. 1843; Oct. 1843 C C CC C C 26 4257 73-04 49-~I 8i6 -59 Aug. 1851; Mar. i869 4 9m2n93 bi9, Assistant Surgeon and Ar. Met. Reg. I 55, and S. 0. 25-46 Mar, i848; ec. I870 21 IO' 6C. N. Jorgenson. 27 49-99 74~ 73 52. 17 2. 50-59 In N 8;Dc-&7 1 o 6,N 7,, D. McCready. MS. in S. Coll., S. O., and P. 0. and S. 1. Vol. I. 28 44-3 70- 7' 48-2 19-0 45-7 May, 856; Ar. 662 4 4 7 2a 9a D. and Mrs. C. Beal. P. 0. and S. 1. Vol. I, and S. 0. 29 45-04 72.19 47-13 20. 99 46~ 34 Jan. iS69; Dec. 17 17n a9 i E ilrad ie.0 67-~~7 785 45-48 IS-03 43-46 July, i866; Dec. 1870 42 6 cc J. P. Dicktinson. c 31 43-34 68.24 48-82 17- 76 44-54 Aiig. iS64; MVar. iS66 17 P. Dorwe'iler. 32 44-99 70-09 49.27 23-12 46.87 May, iS66; Dec. 1870 5 cc J. T. Stern. 33 45~43 14~~~~~~i.88 July, i86o; M1ar. iS6i 9 c H. B. Williams. c.34~ 43-98 70-48 47-51 19.IS 45.29 io. 86i; Dec. i870 71 4 ' 394 Iaiad 69.o5t 74emie. I4 ]f 71onvl.9 39 TE MPERATUT URE TABLES.E X E E ~ ~~~~~~ ~~~SERIES. EIXTENTI OBSERVING OBSERVER. r\EFERENCES. V ~ ~ ~ 3 Begins. Ends. yr-s.mos. HOURS. 1 1540.60 1730-77 1590-83 ]380-18 560.6o Feb. i861; July, iS62 1 2 7M 2a 9a bi, Dr, M, Jones. S. 0. 52-33 75-7I 57- 53 35-95 55-38 Novs~ IS55 Dlec.. I70 13 10 4'I Dr. A. Zumbrock, & P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. 0. mondson, Prof. N. 0. and S. 1. Vol. I, S. Coll.) 3 51- 56 73-41 55-07 33- 78 53-46 Jan. IS17; Aug. 1859 IS J 1 L. Brantz, Dr. Ed- Printed Journ. in S. Coll., P. M. M~eyer, and A. and printed record. Zuzmbrock. 4 52.87 74.23 56. I7 35-07 54- 58...... 22 0....... Pat. Off. Rep' 5 51-50 7 3' 89 53 77 32. 90 53-02 Dec. 1854; Aug. iS65 9 4 71n2a 9abis B. 0. Lowndes P. 0. and S. I. Vol. II and S. 0. 6 1. I. ~)34. 6 1852; 1853 0 5 (Dr 9m 3a 9a Nelson1. S. Coll. 46-72 70-82 54.66 28.6A`O.2I Dec. I857; Feb. iS6 872895i G. S. Grape, E. L. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, and' S. 0. P. Tabb, and L. I-), Cofran. 5i.86 73-98 S 7.03 33.27i 54-04 jj;une, I855; July, i864 3 8 Prof. J. R. Dutton & cc cc cc cc t 9 45.-S 67-85 48j 13 -51 1875 Jn.I59; Dec. I870 II 5 7raI.i S el 10 Dec. 184C3; Ju1Y, I84 o z0 0 29 F. Finch. aucit H-. Jourdan. I 1 4g. 22 7;. 71 52-'36 30~41 50-67 Niov. iS66; Dec. IS70 4 2 7. 2a a bi E. Smith, and P. C. S. 0. 12 51.23 68.13 53-80 29-93 50-77 Jan. 1846; Sept. 1846 O nI T. C. Atktinson. M1S. in S. Coll. 13 57~84 IS70 0 4 7,1, 2,Ji G. G. Curtis. S. 0. MS. fr-om S. G., O., and MS. 14 53,01 75-08 57-04 34-50 54.9 I Jan. IS31; Dec. IS70 36 O 7,, 2 9, Assistant Surgeon. Ar. Met. R~egs. 1,855 and jS6o, 15 54017582 578835-00 55-68 Jan. 1822; Ju1Y, 1845.7 5 4 Ar. M~et. Reg. IS55i6 56.66 77.64 58- 58 37-46 57-58 Jan. I824; Sept. 1870 15 6 ccAr. Met. Reg- 1855, and MS. shaw, 11. M1~. Baer, S. Coll. I7 51-10 73-40 54-76 33-11 53-09 11 851; june,iSo 15 7M andisH.E.~ Jones. - P.nn.IVo.I.. n i s ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~IS5 2 0 1 ( D r 9 m 3 a 9 a C ater. S. C ol l. Ig Apr. 1843; July, I45 o6 R. Banning. _Alanuscrilpt. 20 50.22 71.28 52. i6 30-74 5I-10 Oct- 1851; June, iS62 4 7 7. 2a ga bi J. E. ell. P. 0. an d S. 1. Vol. 1, S. O., and 21 55-42 73-97 55- I9 38.24 55-7I Jan. 1858; Sept. IS59 I 0,1 2a gas Dr. A. MvcWilliams.. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. 22 1849 0 2 (Dr g.3a 9, Dalrymple. S. Coll. 23 1850 0 2 cc Thorpe. c 24 52-41 6o. 23 34.67 M'ay, 1856; June, i867 I 1 7 2a. 9, T. G. StaggrS~ P. 0. and S. 1. Vol. I. 25 52.83 75 59 5S-52 36.99 55.98 Dec. 1859; Feb. 187o 6 8 7. 2a 9.1,j Rev. J. Sttcephenson. P. 0. and S. 1. Vol. 1, and S. 0. 26 50-94 7 I 44 54-09 32. II 52. I5 Jan. 1846; Dec. iS65 19 S Miss H. Mi. Baer. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, MS. inl 27 840IS. Coll., and S. 0. 2S 50-09 72.92 54-45 31-75 52-30 M~ar. iS65; Dec. IS70 5 9 J. O. McCormick. 29 IS70 0 I c A. X. Vazlente. t MASSACHUSETT~~s~ eplBES. 144-17 67- 58 47-99 24-15 45- 97 Tan. I836; Dec. 1853 17 6... Prof. E. S. Snell. MC~S., Ag'1. Rep., and S. Coll. 2,43-95 67-47 49-00 24-58 46.25 Jan. IS54; D~ec. 1870 i6 II 2a 9a biss P. 0. and S. 1. Vol. I, and S. 0. 3 44.83 69.07 49-31 26.68 47-47 Jan. I798; Dec. i~oS II o (Dr max. French. Memel. Am. Acad. 4 42-33 66-47 46.67 22.08 44-39 Mar. iS63; Sept. i865 2 3 7,. 2. 9a bl,, Rev. E. Dewhurst. S. 0. 5 I854 0 2 711, 2 a 9 a R. R. Gifford. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. 6 843 18s44 O g 6 IN. 6 Clark. hanuscript. 7 45.6I 6 -' 8 5;.04 2g.08 4 S'.'3 5 TAr.85X 385. P. Hall. and R. T. Med -,rl A,, P,- -P-Be4- vr_1 8 6 F e b 0 ~ 9 2 6 8 4 ~ 3 p. z 8o 6; A p r. i8 5 8 3 8 5 4 A a l n d O d I o, d. 40 TEMPERATUI~E TABLES. ~r MASSACHUSETTS. —C o n tin ued....................................... NAME OF STATION. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~; ~ 6O.... r4. Cambridge.. ~ i 42~23/ 710o7/ 25~.25 26~.28 34~.39 44~.4o 56~.Ol 66~174 71~ 86 690.82 61o.89 5oO.18.~o28 29~.34 i''D.b' ~' t - i! 15. Canton....! 42 lO 71 o8 9o 22'67.- 39.02I 28.66 32'26 I6. Chelsea.... 4225 71 oo 4o 24.05 28.48 3i.;1 44-34 58'24 68.27 68.;o 62.83 54.63 i 4o. 57 29.37 7;.57 i 17. Clinton.... 42 25 7'1 42.. 22.95 3o.93 33.6o 56.3~ 65. i8 67.63 69.20! I8. Concord ~ ~ 42 29 7I 22 25.1 29.0 3o.I 42.6 157'75 48'58 ~~ oo ~o eo ~' i ~' ~~' ~ 19. Danvers.. i 42 35 7~ 58 ~ 25.19 28.34..! { 28.95 o o o ~,. 20. Deerfield.... 42 32 72 36 ~ 22'24 22'29 3~.28 42-97 5i.38 6i.77 70.28 6~:o 60.43 4is7 37.35[ 26.61 21. Duxbury.... 42 02 7~ 41...... 53.16 66.33.... 71.12 22. East Douglas.. 42 05 71 42...... 38.98 48.61 52.47 71.34 71.15 69.70.. 23. Fall River... 41 43 71 o9............ 42.48 2o0 24. Falmouth ~ ~ ~ 41 33 70 37 20.... [ 34..30 3o'48... 25. Fitchburg... 42 35 71 5~ 484 23.8o 3;.35 35.80 44.82 54.25 70.47 67.65 61.~7 52.82 39.;5 [ 25.~8 66.o5 26. FortIndependence 42 22 71 02 50 26'85' 27'72 35.~~ 45.34 56.23 64.3~ 69.46!62.89 52.76 41.64 31.24 71.66 27. Fort Sewall... 42 3~ 7~ 5~.. 21.8I 28.O1 38.02 48.62 55.17 58.17 [ 28. Fort Warren 42 19 7~ 55 27'83 27'99 33 14 44-49 53 93 65.19 69.;6 59-54 43.40 41.43 / 31'32.... 62.33 51.64 41.59 / 3o.o8 7o.88 29. Framingham. o 42 19 71 26 ~5~ 22'76 24'16 32.89 44.4.3 55'09 65'56 67. I7 59.06 47.81 36.97/ 24.65 69-o1 3o. Georgetown 42 43 71 oo 225 22'57 25'68 32.57 44.94 52'21 65.26 68.71 68.52 60.33 47.o2 26.44 383s/ 31. Grafton.... 42 13 71 41.. 20.40 31.o7 32.75 42.15 51.62 62.95 32. Harwich.... 41 41 7~ 04..-.... 63.83 70.5~ 7o.5~ 6i. 66 33. Hinsdale.... 42 27 73 08 t36~ 24.13 21'I5 23.87 42. o8 5i. 65 64.76 66.2? 58.54 43.08 33.00/ 23.17 69.59 34. Ipswich.... 42 41 7~ 5~ 5~ 3o.o 3o.~ 38.0 48.0 56.5 68.0 7~.0 63.5 51.6 39'0 / 37'0 70.5 35' Kingston.... 42 oo 7~ 48 65 28'05 28'65 31.47 43.53 51.89 64.o2 7o. 12 67.98 61.97 51.16 41.87 / 31'14 36. Lawrence.... 42 42 71 lO 143 23.21 25.65 31.23 42.19 53.21 64.26 67'86 ~ 59'83 47'98 38'4I / 26-32 69'13 37. Lenox.... 42 20 73 18 IOOO 22.77 16.77 29.92 37.24 51.51 63.27 64.36 54.62 42.86 32.79 21.93 64.92 38. Leominster... 42 31' 7I 44''.................... i 29.5 k 39. Lowell..... 42 38 71 I9'. 24.26 25.lo 34.26 44.1I 56. oo 66.56 7o.46 ~ 62.69 5o. 19 4O. lO 29.19 73.5~ 40. Lunenburgh ~ ~ 42 35 71 43 45~ 25.06 26. I1 33.79 44.71 55.71 66.37 65.69 61.13 5o. I6 39.60 28.39 7I.O7 41. Lynn..... 42 28 7~ 57 -. 17.14 19.97 24.47 44.03 56.9~ 66.42 67.86 62.18 50.68 39.51 36.oi 71'25 42. iViedfield....: 42 II 71 18.. 23.81 26.1o 34.53 43.69 54.48~ 64.69 68.o959.21 49. I7 38.56 29.68 68.92 43. Mendon.... 42 06 71 34 " 24'35 24'1~ 32.03 44.o0 54.44 64.53 67.70159.93 48.53 38.78 27.o0 70.47 44. Milton.... 42 I6 7~ 44 115 27'~~ 27'59 32.34 44.89 54.44 65.61 70.7~ 69.32 61.13 50.2o 39.15 28.85 45. Nantucket.... 41 17. 70 o6 30 32'I9 33'62 37.75 45.I5 54.39 64.71 69.88 64.37 55.38 45-22 38.52 71-o9 46. Nantucket ~ ~ 41 17 7~ 06 30 32'~7 31'98 36.56 44.59 52.76 63.17 68.$4 64.13 55.36 45.63 36.57 7O. lO 47. New Bedforc{.' i 41 39 7~ 56 9~ 28.79 29.44 35.5~ 44.66 54.24 63.50 68.23 62.o5 52.29 42.48 32.4~ 69.12 48. Newbury ~ ~ ~ [ 42 47 7~ 54 25 23'30 25'80 32.63 45.~7 53.49 66.26 67.4o 57.29 46.62 38.11 27.20 70.59 49. Newlsuryport. ~ ~! 42 48 7~ 52 46 23.14 23'54 30.79 42.99 53.57 64.02 7O. lO 65.95 61.41 49.59 38'88 28.06 5~. North Attleboro'. 75 41 59 7I 20 I 23.Ol 27'I9 32.40 45.29 57.3I 69.02 67.39 63.o7 51.15 40.47 28.55 73.44 5I. North Billerica.. 42 35 71 17 135 24'62 27'I3 3I'57 45'21 54'7'1 67.20 69.~7 61.25 48.55 38-ol 26.55 72. Io 52. Northampton.. 42 I9 72 38 lOO.... 40.23 48.25 59.53 71.o3 60.99 51.87 24.59 72.89 53. Pittsfield.... 42 27 73 15 lO84.. 23.30 28.20 34.4r.. 64.42 64'32 57.33 49.11 31'1~ 26.~7 67.28 54. Plainfield ~ ~ ~ 42 31 72 56.... 25.85 23.23. 55. Princeton... 42 28 71 53 1113 20'24 17'61 25"58 41'18 52'83 62.85 64.38 58.73 49.16 37-;5 24.;5 69.;6 56. Richmond 42 23 73 22 IlOO 21.8o 24.17 30.83 44.oI 57.83 68.18 71 57 62.22 49.55 36.03 25.60 68.7oi 57. Roxbury.... 42 21 71 o4 82 58. Salem.... 42 31 7~ 53 75~ 25.~9 40.94 47.88 53.23 70.47 72.23 71.27 63.40 52.9~ 48.17 ~ 27.~5 35.56. 46.16 56.86 70.60 63.00 51.36 39.82 3o. 48 67.22 7.2.41 59. Sandwich ~ ~ ~ 4I 45 7~ 3~ 20 26.23 29.73 37.48 45.oi 53.78 61.42 69.16 70.29 59.40 50.92 43.43 2i: 60. Southwick... 42 03 72 46 265i 21.o5.. 32.60 41.77 60.88 69.44 54.35.. 36.3~ 73.28 70.99 61. Springfield 42 06 72 35 199 24.37 26.21 34.25 46.37 58.77.... 61.82 50.43 39.9~ 2. 69.93 i 4154 7106..' 22.7830.43 6'2.6969.9077.1369.4763.4054.2743.20 Topsfield ~. ~ 42 39 70 56 "! 2i'27 27'21 33'52 44.75 54.3~ 64.9~ 69.91 68.32 60.53 48.87 40.49 2~i. Warwick ~ ~ ~ 42 4I 72 20.. 18.2o 20. o0 27.80 43.60.. 63.85 69.30 69.05 59.10 47.30 35.50 27.60 i~4TallntOn.... [ I ~ 1 Observations corrected for daily variation by mean.s of the general table. TEMCPERATUR~E TABLES. 41 M~~A SSA CI"IUSEfTTS. —C ontinucd..~ ~ = ~ ~ SERIES, EXTENT OBSERVINTG OSKE. IREFJ~RENCES. ris r,~~ IE 3(Jaa.~Begins. Ends. yrs.mos. HOURS. I4 ~44~.93 69~.47 15o~.45 260.96 47~.95 J a. 79o; Dec. I87o 48 5 7m 2..9,~ Profs. Farrar, Bond, Alm. Almanac I837, MS. in ]. ~~~~~~~~~~and oth-ers. S. Coil., Am. Almanac I843 and foil. especially 1854, and S. O. I5 ~ 27.86 Dec. 1856; Jan. 1858 o 6'-' D. H. Ellis. P.O0. and S. I. Vol. I. 16 46. I6 69.58 52.68 27-30 48.93 Jan. 186; June, IS65 3 4 (~r9m 3, 9,/ W. F. Patton, J. L;. M~S. in S. Coil. and S. O. Fox, and J. Beale, { ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Surgeons~ x7.. 6.34... IV~a~ 186o Mar. 86I o 7m 2696 bis Dr. G~. M. Morse. S. O. 18........., 18o60;iIri o 4 Czr 26,~I r. I. Hurdl. Med. and Agr. Reg. Bust. Vol. I, I8o6-7. 27.49'lDec. 1858; Feb. 1859 o 3 7m 2,t 96 A. W. Mack. P.O0. and S. I. Vol. I.:g42.88 68. o8 47.78 23 71 45~i.6I l 1806; u~~l 3 4 E. Hoyt and Hitch- iied. and Agr. R~eg. Bust. Vol ~cock. I, I8o6-7, and Sill. Journ. i2I..... 849 o 3 (~) 9m 3, 9, Ritchie. S el 22 4~~~ 69 ~~0. 73 IS49 ~~o 6 " Rice.,,, 23 i ~I...'.....~ii ~~/. 1 86I 1~o 2 7m2,hsC. C. Terry. S. O. 24.. 863 o I"Dr. N. Barrows. " 25 44-96 6s'~6 51.45 27.~I 47.87 Jn 81 o~gr oI-G ~yl~d 26 45.52 68.47 52.43 28.60 48.76 Jan. 1824; Dec. /87o 26 7 7m 2, 9a - Assistant Surgeon. Ar. Met. Regs. 1855 and I86O, and MS. fr~om S. G. O. 27 47.2C/ 48. 12 27.05 Sept. 1864; June, IS65 o Io "e........ M /S. from S. G. O. 28 43.85 68.68 51.8 5 28.63 48.25 Oct. 1862; Dec.ro 1 7o..... 29 44. I4 67-25 47.95 23.86 45-80 I843; 1852 5 Io (5)~. 9m 3, 9, Hyde. S. Cull.:3~ 43.24 67.50 48.5;7 24.9~ 46.05 Feb. I865; Dec. 187~ 4 2 7m 12 9a.bi s H.~M.Nelson. S. O. 31 42. I7... I861 o 6 " Rev. H. W. Scandl;n. 132 68.28 - 1847; I848 o 8 Qr N. Qs Brookis. Pat. Off. Rep. 1851. 33 39.87 6i6. 87 44.87 22.82 36 uy 8; e I7 3~~~~~~~~4.6!7S July, 1868; Dc.3 I87O 2 3 7m112a9a bis'Rev. E. Dewhurst. S. O.' 34 47.5~ 69.5o 51.37 32.33 5o. I8 i.... 3 o ~~~~~~~~Rep. Brit. Asso. I847. 35 42-3o 67.37 51.67 29.28 4-7.65 July, I866; Dec. I87o 4% 6 7m 29bis G-.S. Newcomb. S. O. 36 42.21 67.08 48.74 25.o6 45.77 Jan. I856; Dec. I87o o!. Fallon. P. O. and S. I. Vol. I, andS; O. 37 39.56 64. 8 43.42 20.49 41.9I Jan. I837; Dec. I838 o... Metcalf. Rep. Brit. Asso. I847. 3 8... 186 O I "' 0 A. Bigelow. M /led. and Agr. Journ. Bust. Vol. I, 1806-7. 39 44.79 7o. I7 50.99 26. I 4 8. 0 3 J 2an. 84;e.1827o72 R. and J. R. Moor. Am. Alm. 1848 and full. 40 4'4.74 67.7I 50.3~ 26.52 47.~32 Jan. 1838; D~ec. I87o 3 3o7m 2, 9, G.Cniga. S el n.0 4I 41.8o 68. 5I 5o. 79 24.37 46-37 I1849; 1853 I7~9,9 acee.S ol 42 44.23 67.23 48.98 26.53 46.7/4 Jan. I82I; Dec. I832 12 o,) 2n 9., Sanders. Am. Alto, 1834. 43 43.49 67.57 49.08 25.15 46.32 Jan. 1~833; Dec. 187~ 35 o 7m 2~ 9,bi s rJGMtaf m i~ 83adfl. in S. Cull., P. O. and S. I. Vrol. I, and S. O. 44 43.89 68. 54 5o. I6 27.81 47.60 Jan. 1867; Dec. I87o 3 81 " A. K. Teele. S.OC. 45 45.76 68.56 54.99 34.78 5T.o2 Jan. I827; Dec. I853 93-.WMicelMSin.Co. 46 44-64 67.37 55.~4 33.54 5o.~5 Jan. 1854; Mar. I86I 6 3 7:2,'9 Nthl. ~ I. i. l. 7m 2, 95 ~~~~~P.O. and S. I. Vol. x, and S. O. 47 44.80 66.95 52.27 3o. 21 48.56 Oct. 1812; Dec. I87o 58 I ~2 a0s O ioaS. Rodman and E. Sill Journ., M~S. in S. Coil., P. T. Tuckter. O. and S. I. Vol. I, S. Cull., and S. O. 48 43.73 68.08 47.34 25.43 46.15 May, 1864q; Dec. 187o 5 5 7m 26 9a bis J. H. Caldwell. S. O. 49 42.45 66-69 49.96 24.91 46.00 Mar. 18o6; Sept. I868 6 I I Dr. H. C. Perkins. e a Ar on Bsn Vol, I, I8O6-7, P.O0. and S. I, Vol. I, S. Coil., and MS. 5~ 45.oo 69.95 5~.56 26.25 48.r I9 85o; M~ar. 1857 7 2 7m 2, 9, H. RiCe. P. O. and S. I.Vol. I,&S S. Coil. 51 43.83 69.46 49.27 26. o 47. I6 Feb. I866; Dec. I87o 4 1I m2, 9,, bI~ v. E. Nason. S.O0. 52 49.34.... 8 4 4; I845 o 86m N. 6, Plant. Manuscript. 53 -. 5.34 45.85...185 I; t853 I 36", 2,. [o, 54.. 857 o 2 " mN,F. Shaw. P. O' and S. I. Vol. I. 55 39.86 6i.56 48.45 20.77~ 4i.66 Nov. 1853; Dec. 1857 3 8 7m 2, 9, J. Brookts. P.O0.& S. I. Vol. I, & S. Coil. 56 44.22 69.48 49.27 23.86 46.7r! 85I; Dec. I87o 14 IO " W.r Bacon. S. O., S. Cull., and P.O0. and i S. I. Vol. I. 57 47.35 71.32 54.82 1849 o9 r9m39.Ket iS q6.ig 1.08 j139 7-91 48gr tin~ 1186;Dec.I828 0.9.,3,9 I~ent. IS. Cull.' 58 414 6. 96 70.08 1.9 2.;7 48.;1 Jan. 1786; Der. 1828 43 oi 8mN.O~1% Dr. H-olyok~e. A m. Atm. 1834, I8337. 59[4.266. 6 5.52.84.5MaI6;Ar 85 I 7m 2, 9, bis Dr. N. Barrows. S. O. 6045.08..I849; 185I x o 93,9Hocm.SCul 6I 46 46 I~405o.72 26.24 48.7I Jan. 1848; Dec. I866 O m 9s IIcmb. e 9 1- L. C. Allin, F. A. P. O. and S. I. Vol. 1, S. O., Brewer, J. Weather- Manuscript, and S. Coil. head~. 62..72. I7 53.62..May, I854i Mar. 1856 o lO 7, 2, 9a A. Sch'legeI. P.O0. and S. I. Vol. I. 63 44. I9 67.7r 49.96 26.93 47.2o Apr. I86o; Dec.187o 9 9 7., 2~9abi~ N. B. B~rown, J. HI. S.O. Caldwtell, and A. MI. Merriamn. 64( -- 67.40 47.3~ 21.931.. /J~une, 18o6; Sept. 18o7 I 3 Or 2,'........ e a Ar g Bs Vl 1, x 806-7. 6 SEPTV.~BER, 1874... TEMPERATURE TABLES.,....._m:=,_L.,~..-.~..~_-...~...._~..........................~.............~L.; —-~-::- -~ —- ~: MA S SACI"IUSE TT S. —C o n tin ucd... ~ i~AME OF STATION. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ & ~ ~ 5 m 65. Watertown ArechaP ~21/ 71011/ IOO 25~.85 25~.86 33~.i4 45~,75 5~. 59 66~.02 7I~.6I 7o~.19 Ic-83 490.42 370.78 28~.27 66. West Denis... 4o 7~ I I 25... 67. Westfield.. 06 72 45 I8o 26 64 29 39 37. 47.9~;o.,8 68.o4 74.39 6c.77 50.5~.. ~ 69.35 6c.39 51.25 38.95,.04 68. Westfield... 06 }~ 72 45 18o 22 48 25 48 32. 45.I6;5' )2 64.59 69.58 66.94 55.57 48.55 38.31'.22 69. West Stockbridge. I6 73 22. 19 51.. 69.72.. 7o. Weymouth. 12 7~ 56 [50 22;6 33 9~ 3i';9 42'51;3' )8 63.99 69.78 66.46 6C;9 5;'9~ 40"15 2'"29 7I. Williamstown(X~qll. 43 73 I3 686 2I 63 22 92 30.93 43.60;5.?8 65.56 69.66 66.52 5~.8I 46.92 36.34 2;.25 Coll.) 72. Wood's Hole. 32 7~ 4~ 25 3~ 58 28 80 37.~5 44.54;5. J9 66.84 70.99 69.95 64..84 53.82 43.62 3i.48 73. Worcester (State 42 I6 7x 4-9 528 23 74 25 60 33. Io 45.75 56. x8 65.84 70.94 67.7I 6c.89 49.74 39.26 27-67 Lun. As. ) MICHIGAN. i. Adrian.... 4.1 II ]I24O/ 23.80 22.03 28.o3 46.65...... 2. Annltarbor. 42. 44 I 891/ 21.39 20.74 30.75 47.85;.r 50.49 $7.86,.~ 3. Battle Creek ~ ~ 42 I5 17501 24.45 25.98 34. I9 44.55;.z 49.6x $8.2I 4' Benzonia... 22.18 21.40 28.63 44.63 39.05.c 44 o8 / 62o[ ~ 5. Brooklyn ~ ~ 4~ 36 11020[ I9.8 25.9 36.4 6. Carp Lake Mine4 4;.98 29.~4;.~'4~ 54 [I44o[ 15.23 21.85 22-.98 36.5o;.( 7. Central Mine.. 47 54 [II77[ I4.24 I2.oI 21.5I 34.02:.~' 39'79 29.o8 8. Clinton.... 4~ 25.15 32.52 39.52 44.08 43.67 40.73;.: 00[750[ 9. Coldwater... 4I 02 26.7I 26.38 27.96 46.32 ~-( 45.75 35.63 IO. Cooper5.... 4~ 21.21 38 t 69o[ 24.46 30.42 45.09 ~.i ~ 49.00 34.58 I. Copper Falls Mine. 4~ 8.15 22 1126o[ 6.85 I8.o5 31.85'.~ ~ 42.OO 28.90'.( 12. Dearbornville.. 4: 18 24.99 21.26 33-79 43.42 l.r, 51.76 35.Ol 13. Detroit.... 4: 25.84 25.89 34. xI 46. I8;.' 49.85 $8. I4;.( o316971 14. Eagle River.. 26 [ 627 lO.93 11.I3 I8.93 38.63 ~.~ 47.21 29.63,.~ 15. Eureka Valley.. 41 I7.57 I9.59 23.98 35.73 ).1; 40.68:.~ I6. Flint..... 5I t 800 4~ 42 22.85 I9.68 33. I5 48.07 b.i~ 29~33 49.o6 36.92;.( I7. Forestville... 4: 39 / 600 I8. Fort Brady J,6 2 84 28 ~ ~ ~ /6oo, I6.73 xi.89 z4.37 38.39 63xo 54-75 43-ks 32-~~ 2;.44 I9. FortGratiot. ~.2 ~ 25.39 32.72 44.3o, t 5o.oi 48.78 38.28 27.19 I 598[ 25.42 2o. Fort Mackinac.. 45 ~ 728 I9. I~ I7.27 25.69 37.32 { { 55-3~ 45.32 34.~4 23.~4 2~. Fort Wayne... 42'' 55.46 53-49 36.92 35.9~ 22. Fort Wilkins I t. 47 29.91 ~ [ ~3o[ 34.2I 23.40 21.4o 28.~3 38. o7 i i 55-79 42-9~ 3~-~7 20.55 23. Grand Haven.. 43( 25.53 32.98 45.25 50.38 49.83 38.00 28.73 24. Grand Rapids 15881 25.80.. 43 ( 780 23.29 24.71 30.94 45.63 ~ 5t.o7 47-79 36-79 25.86 25. Holland.... 4: 24.7~ 26.51 32-to 44.3x' 58-x5 47'7c 37-78 28.24 26. Homestead... 44 2~.5o 23.47 25.65 41.47 ~' 59.76 46-29 37.62 25.65 27. Jackson.... 4: 25.7~ 28. Lake George ~ ~ 4( t 54o21 29. Lansing(State Agr. 4: 23.6I 25.3(.32.5~ 46.59 59.88 45-76 37.29 25.90 Coll.) t895[ 3~. Laphamsville.. ] 65o[ 28.90 32-6~ 39.33 4~ 43.87 64.26 49.5c~ 35;23 26.~4 3t. Litchfield... 4:~ 21.35 24.3: 44.63 59.95 47'~ 36. I$ 23.34 29.~6 32. Macon.... /~o4o[,23. i3 33. Manchester ~ ~ 4: / [[ l Observations corrected for daily variation by means of the general table.' a The names of the observers from ~839 to ~859 are not given.'....-....r.................. Ill TEM MPERATUR RE TABLESE S 4 MASSACHUSETTS6'S~f~~f. —Continued. d ~ ~~~~~~~SERIES. EXTENT1 OBSERVING.= I r-e j I c? ( 4 OBSEIRVER. REFER ENCES. Begins. Ends. yrs.mos. HOURS. 65 /40~83 69".7 (49.65 26".6 47.6r jlan. 537; ec. 870 I 0 8 Assist. Surg., and J. Ar. Met. Reg. IS55, and S. 0. 66 i.. I.. I.. I.~. II.. /1~ ISG~I S 4 0 2 7M 2a 9a bis E. Tappan. S. 0. 4S- 8 0~91 020 2.36 49- 74 i.~~~~ 1 2 0~.............. Dove, 87 68 44~~~6 ~7~04 48.8r 25.06 46..) /Nov. IS24; May, iS66 12 III Rev. E. Davis. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, S'. O., 69 1.. I.. I.. I.. II.. JI~June 14 FbIg 2.... P. 0. &r S. I. Vol. I, &r S. Coll. 70 43- ig 66. 74 "O- 71 28-42 472 a,15;Jn 89 I9) a iD.N,Tnl, P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. E. K~ellogg, A. Hop- E. W. Mlorley, P. 0. and S. kins and others. I. Vol. I, and S. 0. 7I 13 -44 67-25 47- -6 23.28 45-33 Jan. iSI6; Dec. 1870 36 8 7m'2a 9a Profs. C. Dewey and MS. communicated to S. I. by 72 45~73 69.26 53~09 3I~95 50~ 2 Aug. 1852; Apr. 1855 I Io I i R. R.. Gifford. P. 0. &t S. I. Vol. 1, &r S. Coll. Rice, J. Draper.3 0. and S. I. Vol. I, S. 0.1, and Rep. Brit. Assoc. IS4772 45- 73 69.26 54-09 3I~695 50.26 Auga. 1852; Apr. 1855.prnis, F.1 IO Am 84 ndfll, 1 44.26 I8.).. ). lI70 O 6 7M 2. 9. bis ( ~~r~.O C. Whichelll & wife. S. Coll. 45- 74 7 ~23' 50-47 22.9;7 47-35 ISe,152; Dec. I870 4 10 7m a9 L. Woodu;Pri.P 0 n..Vl,.O, 1) 45.64 71-7I 50-43 26.26 4S- 51 Mar. IS49; Dec. 1859 1 0 9 D. W. M~. Campbell, P. 0. &r S. I. Vol. I, & S. Coll. 4~ 44. I 5 ~ ~ 23-8 1 1, M0 7 7 2a 9a bis Wi~. W/ilso11. S. 0. 5 1 ~~ t ~~ I ~~ i ~~ II ~~ jj ~~~Mar. IS53; Mar. I854 0 4 7M 2ft ga Dr. M. K. Taylor. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. 6 4;.. 1 I62 I ~3 1 ~ IJuly, iS64; Apr. iS65 0 IO 7M 2, 9a M,, Dr. E. Ellis. S. 0. 7 6i Ma.8 051r~0 775 iiy, i67; D~ec. I870 3 7 G. H. Whittl~esey.' 9 46.883 46. 24 27-98 IS50; I852 0 1C, 9m 3,, 9. Wainwright. S. Coll. 9 44-01 6S. 68 147-44 29.15 47-32 July, S68; Dec. IS70 2 6 7M 23,gbs,L Suhoth.O Dr. Mi. Chase. P:. 0. and S. 1. Vol. I, and S. 0. IO 43-3 70-56 4 8 4 4 4 ul IS54; Mr 8 7 1 rO.Wle I 1 32.20 6 6r30 40-43 IO-87 36.2o /Dec. 1855; Aug. 1S57 I g- 7M 2. 9. C. S. Whittlesey. MS. in S. Coll. and P. 0. and I2 43-98 66. 70 48.26 23-50 45.6i S6 r3 Assistant Surgeon. Army Register. U. S. Lake Survey, M/S. and Rep. of iS67 and i86S, P. 0. and S. 1. Vol. I, and S. 0. I3 4 5 -4 6 6 8.0 5 4 8 -8 2 2 6.6 i 4 7.2 4 A p r. 1 8 3 6; D e c. iS 6 7 3 0 3 a i u s e v r A M t g. S 5 C l, I4 3569 6- 57 43.8 I 330 3-og Dc. 155; ec. 856 I 7 2a ga Mrs. M. A. Goff. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. 15 36.99 63- 55 4O.o6 ig. 65 40-o6 Jan. iS62; Feb. I S64 1 7M 2ft 9a bis W. Van Orden. S. 0. i6 47-01 7o. 065 50-12 22- 52 477-58 Jan. 1854; Dec. 1855 2 7M 2a ga Drs. D. Clark and M. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. 17 I ~1~ ~I~ I ~~ 1 858 0 2 6. 9m1 3, 6,, C. N. Tur-nbull. MS. from, U. S. Lake Survey. and MV3S. fr-om S. G~. 0. 18 37.6i 62-72 43~ 74 I 8.02 40-52 Jan. 1823;; Dec. 1870 32 1 7M 2a 9a A ssistant Surgeon. Ar. Met. Regs. I855 and i86o, C. N. Turnbull. Reg. 1855, and U. S. Lake Survey, and MS. I9 43-76 67-18 49-02 26.oo 46-49 Apr. IS30; Aug. 1859 I7 5 cc" Assist. Surg. & Lieut. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, Ar. Met. 20 37-o6 62.26 44-92 19~84 4I 4.02 ISept. 1825; Apr. I 861 27 6 ccC Assistant Surgeon. Ar. Met. Reg~s. I855 and i86o, 2171-46 PI.96'33-34 May, i862; Feb. iS63 0 0 c..... MS. from S. G. 0. 2 2 38-47 6o. 80 42.96 21-78 41 4I00 June, I 844,; June, IS46 0, O 9. 3a 9. Assistant Surgeon. Ar. Met. Reg. IS55i86723 44- 77 68.60o 49-40 26.69 1147-36 Sept. i859; July, I S63 3 1 1 7]n 2a 9a H. Squier. U. S. Lake Survey, Rep. of Strong, E. A. Strong, S. Coll. 24 44.69 69. 75 48- 55 24. 62 46. go I 849; Dec. IS70 II 3 7m 2a 9a bis A. 0. Courrier, L. H. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, S. O., and 9 ff. A 2 A A I A A A I A`7 RR A Ar) Ar-. I 11 Tiin TR r 1;- T) P P SZI n IR I T. T-.04 rp icr P n nrl q T -Vc)] T nn rl q n 44 T TEMPERLATURE'TABLES. MICOH IG-AN. —Co ntinued. ~. ~n ~- 41~2 3' W NAM4E OF STATION. 1 6; j Pc 4 o 02., 43~~ o6 8 6 I o['I 1 — 34- Marquette...1146'32"S7035" 710 2I80O.65 170I92 250,74 370/72 490.22 590,89 650-08 640-72'560.66 145000 32073 220.I3 - M P257 42.93 50-82 62.7i [65.82 64.78 56.07 47.15 34-01 26- 7 35- Mill Point... 4 6 8 O 2.2 2-0 2 36. Monroel. 4156 83 27 55I 25.60 23~85 35-19 46-78 57-35 68.19 73-04 70-S5 6i~ii 49-47 38-83 28.03 37- Muskegon 43 I5 86 i6.. 11 29.79 27.92 32.60 50-22 63-35 67-48 76-44 73-47 67-93 46-69 38-37 29.83 38' Newark 42 30 86 oo 46.62 7 3 8 77 I57 50- 38.I2 28.64 39. New Bufflo 4150 8 66I [ 29.I4 / 24.94 38.o9 46.34 58i I 6'.. o7II9 6 6 22 40- Northport2 45 o8 85 40 592 22-54 22.08 26.2 I 39.23 50-oo 6o-4o 68.2o0 64. 18 58- 78 47-09 36- 75 25-77 4 Old Mission...44 45 85 30 6oo 50-88 57[85 67.23 4~39~I Ontonagon~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 i 6820 I 241 205'7 42. O 46 53 S9 3o4. 15- 57 180 36.9i 48.526 59-49 64.89 63250 55I98 43-79 3325 5.46 43 Otsego i.... 42 30 85 42 27i95 3I-03 34499 45553 54[34 65-3I 70-32.67-35 6i.99 47-45 40.83 30~83 44. POnsl vai Misine 420 81100 2.00 1.. 1-5 43 80 452 Pleasanton... 44 8 750 2I679 20-40 25-56 40-05 55-i6 6o.92 66-5i 63.69 58-44 39-41 30~47 25-75 4~~~~~~~~~~~6.;Pnta. I.7. /. 42 40 83 21927 214 26.286 820 69 47- Portage~:'~':. LakC3 4 08 I92 I4 62 34-09 45.28 57-47 6S.24 588 82 69 44.87 36- 77 25-55 47 10 88 37 670 I0.9 14.2 26-7 36.8 46.8 62-4 62-4 48- Port Huron... 58 82 27 6o6/ 29.o8 24-39 35.62 43.28 52.89 64~ 85 7I~9o 68.8o 63.63 49-32 35-07 31.26 49. R dford Centre 42 25 9. I 64.89 69.5o 69.95 5o. Romeo 42 44 83 02 7I4 I3.23 I4.86 24-83 45-79 54.23 68-46 72.68 66. 79 59-87 49-94 35-80 22-30 51~ St~ J""es 45 44 85 oo 59~ 20. 3 I5.48 24. 64 39-04 50-35 59.65 -653 -655 59.60 47~887 35-418 24-76 51- St. James... 45 44 85 00 596 2~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 3 315 [o.46 66[6 52. St. Mary's River 46420 8 IO 585 55259 53- Saginaw... 43 27 843 oo 650 34.I9 41.39 5343o 60~57 54. Saugatuck 42 40 86 12 23-03 22-31 3I-91 49-35 55-57 65.22 75-04 72.og 68.oo 54-56 4I-93 2g.S9 55- Sault de St. Marie 46 29 S4 29 6oo I9.45 18~55 27-90 40-45 149.go 6o- 7o 64- go 62.90 55.60 42.60 30-70 22.95 56. SugarIsland 46 29 84 20 5714 20,05 21-73 28. 22 33-48 32.6o 22. 79 57. Tawas City... 1144 i6 83 31 583 21.56 23.67 30~ 20 39~80 50~75 62.03 67~49 66.68 58.88 48.0,836.89 25[91 58. Thunder Bay Island 45 02 83 17~ 610 23. 29 22.67 27-72 37. 14 47.02 5. 6 I.2 829 46~7 64 26~7 (near Detrit) 42 2083 03 562 22.68 2~33 43 30-30 48.69 6o.98 68-36 72.98 70-99 66.oo 53-04 38-33 27-00 6o. Ypsilanati. j 42 15 83 40 7501 24-42 26. 73 34-I9 44-56 58-i6 65-30 70-03 68.95 58-81 48.62 37.61 28. IO (near 20ro8) 422 2050 9500II-78 I4.77 5og 66.2 70. 235 ]4253 34'43 14899 2. Alexandria M 45 52 95 22 I225e 1248 3. Beaver Bay... 47 I4 I /I- I.~ 437 323 36.22 47 —O 55 9 6203 6. 52~7 I5 0 6 1.3 4. Beaver River Valley 47 II 9I 25 9501. 3I-18 1. 15I-33 6i.o8 63. 13 59.90o 48-95 6. Buchanan...1 47 33 92 00 22.I2z IO- 50.30. 32 37-72 49-85 ~1..I~ ~I~ ~125-44 5. Bowles' Creek. 44 55 92 55 650 9. oS 7. B~urlington.. - 47 0 91 42 645 17.57 14~25 29.86 345 86 47109 55.9' 62-52 62.04 54o38 4.-63 28.69 I3-34 8. Cass Lake.. 1147 30 94 3I 1450 13.12 4. 28 6o-3i 6o. 94 43-98 - 3.6 14 900 I4~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~6.98 6 6. 5 I 3' -3 9. Chatfield 43 5D ~'4 90 92 2o12.63 32.65 46.17 56-48 64-91 71.27 69.26 57.24 4.4 382 12~ 4 5. Danvillea sn... 5-03 I3~47 35-I7 38-54 67-36 2z. Fond du Lac 46 48 92 03 66o 14-97 20.27 30-05 33.8o 49-og 6i-53 63-9I1 -~I~ 43-56 37.93 12.19 13. Forest City. 45 II 94 30 --. 1O.I 15.60 27-87 43-36 57-o6 66.4o 69.o8 66. 89 57-.83 44~ 79 30.2I IS-47 14. Fort Ridaeley. 144 30 I94 45 J230H IO. 70 I I480 25-89 I43.69 I59,31, 6872 73-52,69.62, 6o85 I47-37 I3I.24 I I6.05 I5~ Frt Riley(Gines)46 Io9 24 ~o 7[l 2 1.49 /26.28 308 4.o0 6597 0 /0 45.2'l 57. 5 4~77 82 46. Ga Pontiac. 4 08 04. 5~ 9.45 5. 5 Ig. Hazlewood (01. 5.92 9~43 20.48 40~I5 55~8I ~68.I 2~9 go[ 56~ 4.2 983 75 20. I'iennepin Co. 45 0 93 20 11.6 23.0 2LF~ 4I~3 58~0 Gir~I 66. 36'7~216~ 7 [2'5 [/41 zr. Itasca.. 1) 45 IG 93 32 85~~~~ 6 s8 7~2 2.32 441750I 69~068~52~8 49 22.I~adota. 5 4 94 558. 5 I~~ 23.Koisa...14 10 94IoIz~I 3~7 2521 4338 57I2 3.156824 2.8 7.8 0~0 3~4 I.[ 1 hi sris ncuds bsrvtin mdeinDeemeratBrst ~~otfie ils orhestofM[[~e z Tis eres ncude oseratimsmad i Mac [ 1826.7Grn raes ]t 3 6 o.8 ~u iemie ots [f 46t r.8 TEMPERATU a 1JRE TAB f3LES. 45. MICH~H~IGAN.-Continued.ed ~ ~~~~;;Sn-4liYET UBE\I; OBS ERVER. REFERENCES. UQ BI egins. Ends. yrs.mos. HIOURS. 34 1370-56 163.23 1440-80 lI9' 7 Ij41.29 Sept. I857; Dec. iS67 IO 4 7m 2a 3a H. S. & F. M. acon, U. S. Lake Survey, Rep. of P. W~hite, and G. i 867-8, P- 0. and S. I. Vol. 1-1. Bakler. I, and S. 0. 35 41-11 64-44 45-74 23.23 43.63 July, i86o; Junie,i8621 2 0 M7 2. 9. bjs ~M.S mth.O 36 46-44 70~ 59 49-80 25-S3 48. 17 IIJan. 1849; Dec. 1870 11 9 J. IJ Lane, H. J. and F. U. S. Lake Survey, Rep. of E. Whelpley and iS67-8, P- 0. and S. I. Vol. others. i., S. 0., and S. Coll. 37 48-72 72.46 51.00o 29. IS 50-34 Oct. i868; Aug. 1870 1 IO I ( iH. A. Pattison. S. 0. 38 1856 0 1 7m 2a 9a L. H. Streng. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. 39 47-48 69.11 49-97 27.57 1/48. S3 Jan. 1858; MaIy, iS62 2 1 7. 1,, 9 ~J. -B. Crosby. P. 0. anld S. I. Vol. I. and S. 0. 40 38-48 64.26 47- 54 23-46 43-43 Mar. i862; Dec. IS70 4 8 7M 2, 9a bi,, Rev. G. N. Smith, &r S'. 0 41 63-83.. C 4. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~H. R. Shetterly. C 4I / ~~ 1 6383 ).. I.. I/.. II 8r69 o 61 C. P. Avery. 42 35.66 62.66 4~3 17-48 / 40-03 iAuG 1859; Dec. I870 II -5 ccC H. Shelby, H. B. U. S. Lake Survey, Rep. of Smith, &r Dr. E. Ellis. i867 and i868, and S. 0. 43 44-95 6. 50-09 29.94 1148- i6 Apr. i867; Sept. I806.6 6 Dr1D1. M. Chase &r wife. S. 0. 44 33. S9 I 869 05 R. H. Griffith. 45 40.26 63-71 42-77 22.65 4Z4235 1 Mar. i869; Aug. IS70 I 6 ( J. D. Millard. 46 45.6i 68-42 46. 21 24-44 1146.17 11Mar. iS64; Aug. iS65 I 6 J. A. Weekcs. CC cc 47 136-77 Jan. I 854.; Aug. I 862 7 (D,. (D C. H. Palmer and J.d MS. in S.Coll. and S. 0. 48 43-93 68- 52 49-34 28.24 47-51 May, IS57; July, I859 2I 7.1 2~, ga J. Allen. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. 491 69.15 i. I. I. 1 86i 3 711 2a 9a bis Dr'. C. S. Smith. S. 0. 50 41.62 69-31 48. 54 I 6. So 44'. 07 Jan. 1856; Mar. 1857 7. a 9., D. S. L. Andrews. P. 0. and S. 1. Vol. I. 51 38-Oi 64.24 47.65 20.20 4 ~53 Sept.182; 1856 3 31S ~: 7. 2t, J..Sf' 9' 52439 1859 01....... 53 43-96 78 5~3 zSO ~.8 Fb I 849 0 4 C), ~0~1 9.1 3. 9. I Birney. S. Coll. 49.08 Feb.1854 May,1856 2 1 2 g L. HT. Streng. P. 0. and S. 1. Vol. I. 55 39-42 6~3 4~ 20~3 413 Sept. IS23; June, I S2 I IO 49 Col. Cutler. MIS. ill S. Coll. 56 1..i. 2I-52 I Nov. i863; Apr. I S68 0 I I 7m 2, 9a bi, J. W. Church~ an dJ MS. from U. S. Lake Survey, ~W. Paxton. and S. 0. 57 40.25 65-40 47-94 23-71 44. 33 Sept. i858; Dec. iS67 9 4 7,, 2a 9a J Oliver and C. H3. U. S. Lake Survey, Rep. of WVhittemore. I 867-68. 58 37.29 62-19g 47~ 14 24.22 42-7i AugU. IS58;. Dec. 1870 9 3 W. P J~.axton &others. Survey of N. and N. Wt~. Lakres, Rep. of i867, MS, and S. 0. 59 46. 66 70- 78 52-46 24-37 48- 57 IFeb. 1870; Dec. 1870 0 If 7M1 2,9 9a bi, F. W. Higgins. S. 0. 6o 1 45.64 68.09 48-35 26-42 47- I3 Jan." 1859; Sept. iS64 4 11 4 C. S. Woo0dwardd. P. 0. and S. 1. Vol. I, and S. 0. I/ 39~~7i 67~447 44-94 13~85 i1 41-49 Apr. iS65; Julv IS70 3 5 7m 2t, 9,, bi,, Dr. B. F. Babcock &r S. 0. wife. 2 1 ~ ~. ~ l ~ 1 868 0 1 e S. Bloomfieldl. cc cc 3 35.20 59-86 41-76 14.52 37 84 NOV- 858; Dec. IS70 IO I I ( T. Clai-ke, and C. P. 0. and S. 1. Vol. I and S. 0. W~ieland. 4 6i- j~I37 i S ~ ( ~~ I o8 o 6 H. Wieland. S. 0. 5 ( ~. I S~. j. j166 0 1 A. Stouffer.ccc 6 39~30 I9~35 ~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~Dec. o~7 ~ay Ig 6 NN,g S. W7alsh. P. 0. and S. 1. Vol. I. 7 37-27 6o. i6 4I-57 15~05 38-5I Jan. IS58; Selpt.iSGo 2 8 711 2a 9a A. A. Hibberd. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. 0. 8 7.00 - - 1852; I853 o 6 C), 9.3a, 9, Barard. S. Coll. 9H 45- IO 6S.48 45-85 15- 97 43-85 May, IS59; Muay, ES8 i 1 9 7m 2.2 9. bi T.- F. Thicktstun. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, & S. 0. II I SI. I.. )I. 1r68 0 5 T. A. Kellett. 4 12 37-31 5 S8 1849; 1850 0 11 0, 9,, 3,,iHo,. el I3 42-76 67-46 44.2S1 I3.75 42. o6 June, ISO8; May, iS66 5 10 7m 2a9, bis, A. C. &L H. L. Smith. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. 0. 46 TEMPERkATURE TABLES. MINNE.SOTA.. -Co ntinued. NAME, OF STATION. d ) Z X ~~~~~~~~~~~~LI~~~~~~~ 24. Lacquiparlel.. ~ 45o00/ 95030/ 946 8~.85 I3~.26 26~.48 420.78 560.25 66~.32 72~.I4 680.28 57~.13 45~.79 28~.05 13~.29 25. Lake Winibigoshish 47 3~ 94 40 6. —8'83 6'67 24.57.. 51.19.. ~ 2.45 26. Litchfield. i 45 12 9445 71'48 63'89 6;-65 4, 53 3 8 17-72 27. Madelia 44 00 94 30 1 2.'8 1 4. o 18.8 6 45i62 62.i 69.24 73-84 69247 64.76 43634 32.29 20.o6 28. Manketo.... 44 o8 94 02 6958 29. Minneapolis~ 44 58 93 I5 856 9.89 14.58 21.47 41.94 56.96 67.1io 725 66.68 92 44.8 93 "5..... 66.69 8 558.;2 44.71 32.35 14.13 3~. New Ulm... 44 19 94 30 821 II.25 16.52 22.79 43.50 59.34 69.58, 74.73 70.67 62.29 47.49 34.65 6.1I2 31. Pembina.... 48 58 97 o2 9 7.84 0 i8. I9 36.73 52-78 66.85 74.47 69.93 32. Princeton... 45 34 93 38.. 8.96 I3.33 31.54 36.47 56.32 67.28 73.88 67.98 58.65 45.36 27.39 12.35 33. Red Lake... 48 30 95 30 38.37 34. Red Wing.... 44 33 92 3~ 8o 0 9.25 1 7.o I6.75 40. 26 46.7o 68. 1o 71.I7 72.87.... 33.05 io.86 35. St. Anthony's Falls 45 oo 93 15 82~0 5.09 I9'~~ 30.72 45'62 57.3i 64-33 73.61 70-40 58.75 51-63 38.78 25.22 36. St. Cloud 45 39 94 12 o 8. 72 8.57 21.58 34.58 58.88 69.o0 68.88 66.11 52.43 37. St. Joseph... 48 55 98 oo.. — I.8 6.33 20.62 43. I6 52.28 65.77 68.3~ 66.63 54.68 45.I9 25.01 13O 35 38. st. Paul.... 44 56 93 05 800 II.37 16.94 23.06 43.04 57.47 6 6.6 5 7o.647 66.8I 58.30 44.o9 32.55 16.96 39. Sandy Lake... 45 46 93 OI I300o I393 17.o8 29.68 38. 23 50. 15 60.94 67.69 65.47 58.1o 43.36 22.83 9.70 40. Sauk Centre ~ 45 43 94 56 II25 I2.8o. 4I. Sections' 17 & 223 45 43 95 30 7.90 10.38 28.43 41.39 6o.go ii.03 42. Sibley.. 44 30 94 1 i 8.89 I3.37 19.54 4I.87 58.24 68.I 7 37.79 I5.00 43. Stillwater 45 04 92 45 756 28.34 44. Tamarack4 - 44 58 93 38 I8 57.00 70.92 20. 17 45. TraversdesSioux. 4421 94o0 1500o.. 7257... 2i. t! 46. Wabashaw.~ 44 30 92 15 850' 2;.58 I1.29 35.80 56.64 70.47 72.16, 7. 25 47' White Bear Lake 45 37 95 30. 2'73 I19.20 367 48. White Earth 47 40 96 20 167o 3.50 1O.35 21.43 56.83 33.88 23.75 13.78 49. Zapham...! 46 1o 96 oo]~ 850 15.95 5.04........... 24.02 15.21 MISSISSIPPI. I. Academus, P. H.. 32 89.... 52.48 58.62 -75.65 ~.. 2. Bay of St. Louis 30 20 89 is 20 68.80 78.76 78.92 82.23 81.48 77.80. 3- BrookhavenS (near) 31 34 90 24 430 48.96 51.o7 58.14 64.36 70.75 77.25 80.231 7 9.93 73.32 62.76 54.30 46.2o 4,, Clinton..... 32 20 90 20 -. ~ ~ 43.95 5' Columbus... 33 31 88 28 227 43.29 47.~3 53.59 62.66 70.28 77.21 80.27 79.21 73'52 6~.81 52'15 45.37 6. Early Grove... 35 oo 000 4 76.96 81.95 83.93 83.78 80.04 6995 60.94 7. East Pascagoula 73~ 20 8 8 33 l. 8. Enterprise6... 32 12 88 5~ 285 5o.88 5I.5o 54.6o 62.63 73.83 79.25 85.50 84.00 75.63 65.88 54.26 40.80 9. Fayette..~ 31 43 91 07.. 45.55 55-93 5I.93 6i.98 67.93 74.67 75.34 75.65 73.Io 59.I8 51.77 46.66 IO. Garlandsville 32 14 9 06 48.54 49.53 6I.II 69.69 77.71 83.00 85.63 87.Io 82.77 69.97 56.05 49.36 i I. Grenada.... 33 48 89 5 - 44.41 47.57 54.38 62.54 67.36 76.ii 80.3I 79.34 73.70 62.54 55.44 46.87 12. Hernando 34 48 90 oo 275. 59.I8 56.87 35.46'I3. Holly Springs.. 3445 8925 65. o2 6 o.87 62.83 70.46 79.I5 8;.91 8o.65 73.63 62.50 I4. Jackson..... 32 29 9o12 35~ 46.86 52.60 58.64 62.06 71.25 75.95 79.57 80.43 75.09 63.43 55.41 48.44 15. Kingston.... 31 24 9I 26.. 48.64 59'.67 55.33 72.9~ 8. I 64.31. 50.23 16. Lake Washington.33 o 91 06 5o. I8 62.Ig 63.35 79 7. 33 81-73 81.27 17. Marion C. H... 32 25 89 46 i68 48.15 48.67 55.5~ 63.97 72.65 79.00 79.33 82.IO 74.48 60.48 55.38 49. 25 18. Monticello... 31 34 90 04 600 48.53 5i.63 8.85 83.95 79.95 73.05 62.80 52.95 47.23 19. Natchez..... 31 34 91 27 264 48.89 52.35 58.59 65.8o 72.07 78.62 80.89 79.93 75.73 64.94 55.7~ 50.04 20. N~atchez7.... 31 34~ 91 27 264 51.68 53.21 60.3 49 69525 74.o 55 80 7.20 81.76 80.997 76.9 86 66.o 57.29 5o. 23 21. Oxford.. 34 23 89 29 3~0 36.03 39.05 48.3~' 67.o3 7 3.54 76.06 79.24 ~ 463 6.94 54.64 42.78 22. Pass Christian.3~ 20 89 I2i 20...83.20 84.00 8o.;o 79~4. I8 23. Paulding, 132 02 89 o3 215 47.84 53.48 59.57 66.32 74.75 80.42 81.9I 81.55 76.73 69.03 56.o~[o 9 24. Philadelphia ~ ~j 32 48 89 o6 55~ 45.2o 49.2o 51.9o 60.73 70.483 73.98 79.23 79.28 74.45 64.43 52. 6o 42.35 25.P~t~iS~... l 1 9 I oo.. /138.05 53.77 56.69 56.6o..,I.. 81I.o3 72 86 64.4I154.1 64.62 26. S Mem.... i 31 89.. I 76.3 87...,/ 7~I 46.627 27~~..hi [sa 3~ 12 88 57 15 58'4~ 56'91 67.27 70.48 86. 70 74.40 66. 20 64.82 28. Vicktsburg...I32 23 9~ 5~ 35~ 48.oI 52.75!58.79 65.27 73.3~ 79.94 8;.;1 8o.21 76.2o 64.77 55.66 50.59 29. Westville 31 5I..... 77.85. 87.95 83.95 78. 34 63.98 62.25! 44. 831 Also called Hfazelwoodl. z Altitude 5~ feet above low water in Mlinnesota River. a TownIship 126 N., Range 38 W. 4 The obuservations in 1864 were made on the North Arm of Lake Minnetonkta, one mile west of Tamarack. TEMPERATTU RE TABLES. 47 MINNq' ESOTA. —Contino ud. F1 k' ~~~~~~SERIES. EXTENT( OBSERVING 4.1 ~~~~~~~~OBSERVER. REFERENCES. Begins. Ends. yrs. mos. HOURS. 24 j4IO-84 /580.99 4-0.66 I11o.8o 4i1.55 Feb. 1844; Dec. 1859 6 5 7m 2a g9 Rev. S. R. Riggs. P. O. and S. I. Vol. I, MS. in S. Coll., and S. Coll. 25 o. Io Nov. I856; May, I857 6 c"c Rev. B. F. Odell. P. O. and S. I. Vol. I. 26 1.. I.. 1 49-14 I ~ II ~~- 11 I870 O 6 7. 2a 9. U - H.L. Wadsworth. S. O. 27 42.21 70.85 46. So I5.45 43.83 Jan. 1869; Dec. 1870 2 " ( W. W. Murphy. 28 1864 " W. Kilgore. " " 29 4o. I2 68.34 45.33 1I2.87 41.67 Nov. 1864; Dec. 187o " 2 C W. Cheney.'. 30 41-88 71.66 48- I4 14.63 44.08 F eb. iS64; Dec. 187o 6 "cc C. Roos. 31 35.90 70-42 1851; 1853 ) 9m( n 3` 9` Ca vil ur. S. Coll. 32 41.44 69.7I 43.80 I1.55 45' 63 4 Oct. 1856; Aug. I860 3 9 7m2,,9abis O. E. Garrison and S. P. O. and S. I. Vol. x, and S. O. M.,Byers. 33 1853 C (r 9m 3a 9` Spencer. S. Coll. 3 4 34- 57 70- 71 12e.67 Nov. IS55; Aug. S67 0 If 7. 2, g 9a U Rev. J. Brooks and A. P. O. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. O. M. Stephens. 35 44- 55 69-45 49-9~72 16.44 45.o4 Mar. 1853; Nov. 1854 1 8 7m 2f 9a Dr. C. L. Anderson. P. O. & S. I. Vol. I, and S. Coll. 36 38.35 68.00 May, 186o; Feb. I869 7 2` 9abis 0. E. Garrison. S. O. 37 38.69 66.90 41-63 6.17 38-35 Jan. I854; Feb. IS55 II 77m 2`a 9 Rev. D. B. Spencer, P. O. and S. I. Vol. I. A. A. Kellum. 3S 41.29 6S. 03 44-98 I5.09 42.-2 June, I862; Dec. 1870 8 5 7m 2a 9a bis Rev. A. B. Patterson S. O. & J. W. Heimstreet. 39 39J35 03.57 39.76 185o; 1852 1 Io Or 9m 3, 9, Holt and others. S. Coll. 40 1 869 0 I 7M 2a 9, bis S. Bloomfield. S. O. 79.77 Apr. 16I; May, 1862 " O.g. Garrison. "" (C 42 39.88 69.76 45. 7 I2-42 42.O l May, i865; Dec. 1870 " C.W.&C.E.Woodbury. 43 i I858 0I 7m 28 9= A Van Vorhes. P. O. and S. I. Vol. I. 44 43.36 18.oI Apr. 1863; June, 1864 0 7m 2a 9` bid Mary A. Grave. S.O. 45 1849; 185I O2. 9m 3`a 9, Hopkins. S. Coll. 46 7;.46 19.~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~5 7 Dec 157; Aug. I858 7m~ ec 2`` 9~,, e.I.Hli 46 7.. 1 7I~46 1.. I I9~j7 jl ~~ II~ec. 1557; nug.I858 o 8 7, 2, 9a Reev I. Z. Hilier. IP.O. and S. I. Vol. I. 4-7 Dec. 186o; Mar. 16I ) 3 (D N. Os O. E. Garrison. S. O. 48.. 38.15 9.21 Sept. I869; Mar. 1870 o 7 7m, 2a 9``his Dr. D. Pyle. "" 49 1 ~ 1~~ ~ ( 2~0.. 12.07 Nov. 1857; Dec. 1858 0 8 7M 2a 9` E. M.Wright, SLocke, P. 0. and S. I. Vbl. I. and F. McMullin. MISSISSIPPI. I I~' i....i I r I I~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~853 so~ss il~ly, 1853 0 3 (Dr %n 3.9 Robinson. S. Coll. 2 8 So. 88 July, I833; Sept. I835 I 0 7m 2` 9``, Assistant Surgeon. Ar. Met. Reg. 1855. 3 64.42 79-14 63-46 48 74 6 Jan. i868; Dec. 187m 30 7. 2`` 9` bis T. J. R. and Mrs. W. S. O. E. A. Keenan. 4 1870 o I R. S. Jackson. cc 5 62. I S 78-go 62. i6 45- 50 62. Ig Jan. IS.; Dec.187 P O a n d S. Lull. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. 0. 6 1870 " W.M. Abernethy. S. O. 7 ( ~~ 1 83.22 70-3I I ~~ /I ~~ IIAug. 1848; Aug. 1853 1 11 (r 9m 3a 9% Assistant Surgeon. Ar. Met. Reg. i855. 8 63.69 82.92 65.26 47173 64 90 870 0 ~I 73n abis E. S. Robinson. S. O. 53.69[ I 8.92{m289 i 65o. 61 75.22/ 61.35 49-38 6i.64 Nov. 1866; Dec. 1870 I Rev. T.- H. Cleveland. "" lO 69- 50 S5.24 69.60 49-14 68.37 Jan. 1854;, May, 1855 4 7m 2``9a Rev. E. S. Robinson. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. i. I1 6i.4-3178.59163.89146.28 62- 55 Mar. 853; Dec. 1870 43 2a9bis A. Moore & Waddell. S. Coll., S. O., MS. fromiS. G. O. 12 1859 7m 28 98 Dr. W. M. Johnston. P.O. and S. I. Vol. I. i. 64-72 80o57 [ Aug. 1867; Sept. I868 Io "........ M.... fro S. G. G. O. I78.65 64. 64 49-30 64-14 1849; Dec. 1855 4 2 (r 9m 3 9 A. R. Green, and S. Coll., P. O. and S. I. Vol. I. Hatch & Co. 15 52.85 Oct. 1866; Mar. I867 0 5 7d 2 J, E, Smith. S. 0. i6 66. 1 5 S'-II 1.1. I. 11854 2 a 2 9a Rev. J. A. Shepherd. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. I? 64-04 So. 14 63-45 6 4 9 6.08 Mar. i868; nMar. 1870 I 5 71 2a 9a bis Dr. T`. W. Flor7er. S. 9 I S I. 1 s.92 62.93 49. I3 June, iS6o; Feb. i861 0' Prof. J. R. Cribbs. 1 65-49 79.i 65-46 50-43 1 65,o Feb. I799; May, I870 15 5 Wi. Dunbar, J. E. MS. in S. Coll., Phil. Trans. Smith, J R. ShcCprd. i8og P. O. and S. I. Vol. I. MS]M. from S. G. W. Fr S. O. i8 6-'93 r0_ - Qr~ T-T 7 6 49'1T T36; ITne IQ I.. [ 8.92 6i.3o- F e.19~9 Jlr; Maly, 187o W,. Duba, J. E. Moly /S. in S. Col Phl. Tas Sp 15 J une, I86 O Feb I86 1 " Prof. J.Hapr.RVo. Cris." 23 66. 83 sI.29 ~~.26 50.75 6~.55 ~eb. 1858; JulyS6 mith, &, Re. Mca. L oI8sO9, P.O0. and S. I. Vol. 1, n O 24 GI~~o q 77~50 63~83 45~55 6I.99 Feb. 1870; Dec ~ ~ ~ ~ ~M. f80 0rom7,9bs I; S. G. Lc O., S. O. 2 0 66.71 4.5 I (. Iu.15;n'~15 1 7,9 Po4.J 3. 66lt.8 I;.0 n.I o.I 67. 9 6 0.9 9 / ug 51'71 Jan. IS86 Ju n e, I851S ro..O 6m~ ~ ~~~~~~~~S N. 6`D., H. Tooe. MrS. in S ol. I 29 1. I.. 68.19).. I.. ISept. 1854; June, I8560 Prof. LI.R.Harpers. P.O. and S. I. Vol. Ian. a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~n Also aldFloshis.' Teteprte cod a. S urg., ispoal ~855~, en erl shg a tn. TEM1PERATUIRE TABLES. MISSOURI. NAME OF STATION. d 0C I.Allentown... 38029/ 90045/. 27~. 77 30 36 401 530 [560 g704 500 2-7604 2. Athensl//40 30 91 45/ 482/ 27.89 35. 13 42.36 5 1-I.6 6i'74I 72'29 / 03 80 54 4.516.3o 28.4 3. Bolivar.... 3 37 3 5 9 93 30 1ooo/ 36.45 37.85 4I.25 57.63 66'23 72'05 78'1 IO'SI.1lo 68.75 530 347.6 34I7 4. Brunswick| 39 24/ 93 o5 -. / 40-'2 42'50 47'00 63.5~ 67.50 173.00 SI8~oo0 77. 5o 00 /55 41.~o5 4.o5 5. Canton.../ 40 07 /91 34 /'l/IS.75 28,83 48.48 567 755 793 77o 6. Cape Girardeau. H37 20 I89 34 / /34'303 5~I 368.29 467. 75 6o7.33 707 76.603 745 69.4 572 45.387 7. Carrollton. /39 20 / 328 [.l 4 o 5.I S. Caseville 60./3 49 /94 57 66/.04 75{0 3.~ 7 69.4 I 7'.24 7 42.6 i3 5 3~~~~~~~26o 41.93 587 6.o 3[0 4i.o9 So.65 [76.4 676[5.8[4.6 32.5 9. Corning 40 I7 95 33 2 ~~~54.43 |"/7I.4o [67.55 [54"53 42.60 26.87 i.Dude.... 383 91I 53.250 380 870 51'20 71"75 /74'95 181.40 79.65 /. f I I. ast Prarie 3650 89 2 36-37 39'89 46.29 56.32 64..24 ]71.46 ]78.42 ]76.38 /67.33 /53,50 /42.5 ~I2. Easton 2.27 4.22.5 33.84 /39 46/94 42/'[2417 5396'2. 578 7642'225 6-I 53'I 194 28195 1I3. Edinburg.' 0o 350 1.06 91 J14. Hannibal''~1394/91 23 |, /2'637.30 43.35 52.41 6/79 [73.40 S 2 3]32 69.3 4 i I9 4. 15. Harrisoniville: ) ~ 8 38 /94 25 ].H26,.55 33.57 37,65 52.96 634 721 770 74 67I 530 418 287 I6. Hematite ~ ]3 I/9 7/4513"33.24.75.8 3 8 II 90 37 75 37.3 38.2 4I.I7 55.28 66.41 73.00 79'85 ]76'I5 /66'73 f53.88 44.'2I 32.3 17. Hermitage...t 37 5619 I 28. [-37 93 15 -30 33.43 42.37 51.32 626 709 775 736 6.8 5I7 417 313 I8. Hornersville'~!3 5I9 5/,t3 o 2 6 1o91797.668t~o113 36 05 90 5 - 38-00 46.49 53.99 63. 11 74.28 /78'95 ]83'23 [79.53!73.88 6i.8o ]48.50 42-.9 x9q.JeffersonBarracks'/3828 90 15 472]32-47 35.34 45266 o 66.831-3 74 63 7:690l76.92 6S847156.35143.27 34 20. JefersonCity 8 35 9 i6 65 30-1 35-OI 4I-34 53.33 66.50 [73.49 /80'79 /76.41 65.39!52.74 /42'78 30.27 2 I. Kansas City... 39 ~5 [94 4-0 t71~1 31'90 38'53 4 I.-OO 5705 64 738 885 4.2 678 3 4505592 22. Keysterville.. ~.| 39 27 ]93 03.]l664]72. 378 694 748'85 77.25 76 53 445. ~ 292 23. Laborville... 13 31~4. 129'83.o4.35. 8 /6478s7 I4.o - 38 33 90 3 08 3 50 0-38 52.18 66'90 /74'90 33.78 2 4 - O r e g o n/ 3 9 5 9 ] 9 5 09 I! I o o 0 2 3. 6 7 3 I. 8 3 3 I. 8 2 5 0. 6 6 6 2 9 7 2 0 7 8 3 74-o6 64-9 53-0 41- 82898 ~25. Palmyra, St. Paul's Col. Pai ( nar'' 39 47!91 37 / ][39.90 57.00!7I.99 f76.87 [71.69 /67.42 /58'20 ]36'90 23'22 26.~~~ Pais(ea). | 39 30192 oo/700| 25.9I 34.49 43.83 55.o8 40 I9 3 729 40 3I 35 28.46 27. Rhineland 6.o 7.27.3 4 7229 6.5t31~35. 138 42 91 46 / 138. I3 46.60 557 670431 5 Rocheport... J8 55 92 38 - 38.55 60.99 66.44 [;.26 29. Rolla (3 1mil. W. f I3 5/9 8/2IOf 37. 58 [91 44 /950[ 32'20 35-97 439 52 6 668 76o 777 45i 695 273 304 38 3o. Springfield. [37 12 [93 12 ~. 138.86 30.8O 48.50 54'74!74.i6]708t7.O[5'7[4.94.1 31. St. Joseph.) 708 71[ 5395 405/94e..t 40.~4 39 45 9453 33-14 35.42 38.52 56.36 6353 799 714 6.o 670 08 35-38 3439 32.St LoiS... 38 37 90 12 48I 3I.O6 34.59 4340 533 655 717 813 6.05 6-5 5 6 43o4 330 33. Stockton....] 37 43 [93 48 /8oo[ 42.44 52.68 63.45 72.53859 759 682 525 467 263:34. Tower Grove.. I 38 36 /90 20 /5~~[ 27.87 33. I1 42.1I2 54-0 3 7-5 7-9 7 9 6-3 5.6 46o 379 3 5 - U i o n.... 3 8 2 5 919 i o7 6 16 [ 2 7. 6 7 13 4. -7 4 3 7. 5 9 5 6 - 7 3 6 1. 2 1 7 0 7 9 2 S 2 2 o 6 6 3 5 2 3 4 6 8 3 3, 6 2 36. Warrensbur ~.~38 45~ 93 45 60 33.79 33.43 38. 1o 53.85 65'23 /71'9~ /80'99 ]77'22 ]64-98 /56'o8 (41'93 25'93 37- Warrenton 38 50 9I 15 6 30-79 33-90 4372 556 42 287J 77.69 75. 37 /66'27 53.33 [41.35 3i6 A8 Wyaconda Praire. 1 40~x2/9137 2.I 3.7 28-59 l36.33 481 683 71.44 76.82 72.99 67.24 49.82[38.57 265 MONTANA. i. Baton City 27...-8......... 2. Camp Baker 39,1 47 48 109 38 15 ~ ~2.20 2 6 224 47.64 6o. 28 68.62 7;.3 6 7;.; 8 56'31 47. 75 35'37 21.0 4. Cantonment Stevens 46 i6I 4 oo 3 I2. 3 9. 4. 5. Deer Lod e City 13-3 31.2 39.4 48-3 ~~56. 3 64-2 71.9 72.6 56. 7 45.9 34.1 30-' 46 2 II232 240 0.6 25-0 26 So'43 43 54. oc 61.83 65.41 58.52 50.72.37.02 _35c 21.05 TEI MPERATUR~a a7IEE TABLES ~. 49 MISSOURI.~]C B e i ~~~~~~~ ~~~~SERIES. EXTENT OBSERVING OBEVRRFENCS Begins. Ends. yrs.MOS. HOURzS. I 5I'.83 1720.61 520.68 1300-92 520.ol Apr. i864; Dec. 187o 6 2 7,, 2, 9, bi, A. Fendler. S. 0. 2 51-I75 76.86 58. 68 30-448 54-44 Mar. iS63; July, i866 2 4 i " J. T. Caldwell. 6C 3 55,04 77-08 56-45 36.i6 56.18 D~ec. i868; Jan. 1870 1 2 c J. A. Race.ccC 4 59-33 77-I7 55-58 43-33 58-85 1845 O s, 2a Blue. Pat. Off. Rep. 5 1 ~177-56 ~ I (May,' i867; Apr. i868 0 7 7m 2a a bi G, P, Ray, S. 0. 6 418. I 73-78 56.28 36.05 53-58 Olct- 1856; Jan. 1858 1 0 G, 9mU 3, 9a Rev. J. Knaoud. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. 7 i ~1~ ~ ~I ~) 86o 0 2 a7 E0. 0. J. K~erby. S. 0. 8 58. 23 77-49 57-38 37.06 57-54 Aug. 1859; June,i861 1 7 7. 2. 9. bi. M.. S. Wyzick. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. 0. 91 ~ ~I~ 54-89 ~/ ~ I1870 o 6 I H, Martin. S. 0. IO 53 - 8 78.67 i. i. 1. 1 86o O 8 C4 cc SBai4; II 55.62 75-42 54-45 36~ 70 55-55 Jan. i868; Dec. 1870 3 0 3.Mle.4 12 54. 78 75-58 54~ o6 25-I3 5 2. 9 Sept. i864; Nov. I866 I 8 7. 2; 9. W. P. B. Sibley. 13 Nov. i866; Jan. i867 0 3 J. E. Vertrees. r I4 52.5 79. 58 55.2I 1 4142j 54.68 Mar- IS53; Nov. 1854 1 5 0 IC. H. P. Lear.,a n.I oI n,O I5 51-42 744~46 53-99 29-56 52-36 June, i863; Sept. 1870 7 2'( J. Christian. S. 0. i6 54.29 76-33 54-94 35-96 55-38 Apr. i868; Dec.I1870 2 9 cc J. M. Smith. 17 52.10O 74-I5 52-77 31-09 52-53 Sept. i867; Dec. 1869 2 3 It" Dr. W. and Miss Isa- IS 63-79 80. 57 6i.39 42.29 62.01 Jan. i.86o; Apr. i86i 1 2 19 W. Horner. 4 C and MS. fr-om S. G. 0. ig 56-37 76. 82 56.03 33-96 55-79 Jan.. 182;7; July, I 862 32 11 7M 2a 9a Assistant Surgeon. Ar. Met. Regs. 1855 and i86o, 20 5~2 76.90 53.64 31-82 54-02 Feb. i868; Dec. 1870 2 8 7M 2. 9a bl, N. De Wyl. S. 0. 21 54-84 75-I5 56.03 33.24 54~ 82 Fieb. 1870; Dec. 18710 0 11 ( " S. W. Salisbury. IC, 22 73-86 i 8 6 9 0j]trg 5 1 ( C. Veatch. 23 53-I 15'~f~ 33-79 i IDec. i863; June, I864 0 7 W. M, eier. 24 48~47 74.8 I' 53-I9 2,8 I 6 51-i6 Jan. i867; Dec. 1870 3 II W. W, Kducher. 25 1~ 73-52 54-17 ~ I jJune, 1856; Sept. 1857 1 1 (E) 9M 3. 9. G. P. Comings. P. 0. anld S. I. Vol. I. 26 54-33 72.07 33~58 29. 62 52.4o Aug. 1859; Jan. i862 I II, 2,, 9,.,i,' W. F. Mvaxey. P.O. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. Ci. 27 56.69.. I INOv- I859; May, i86o o 6 r C. Vogel. 28 55-33 i ~I~ ~I ~I 856 0 4 7M 2a 9a - Dr. C. Q. Cha2ndler. P. 0. and S. 1. Vol. I. 29 52. 93 74.~29. 54. 24 33-78 53-81 May, i867; Dec. I870 3 8 7m 2,, %,,i, H. Ruggles. S. 0. 30 - 55-18 36. 59 July, 1857; Apr. 1858 0 10 G), 9m 3. 9. 1. A. Stephenls. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. 3I52.80 74-74 51-12 -4~2 5~4 a 15 Ag 8 7 9 b E. B. Neeley and H.I P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. 0. 3 34. 53-24 May, I857; Aug. 1870 2 1 7. 2. 9a WSA. Wl~islizenus, B3. MS. in S. Coll., St. Louis 32 55-09 76.12 55-88 32.90 55-00 Jan. 1830; Dec. 1870 41 0 3 Drs. G. Engelmalin, Ar. Met. Regs. IS55 and i 86o, B. Browvn, A. Fend- Med. &r Surg. journ., Trans. ler, J. H. Lilneman, St. Louis Acad. Sci., S. 0. and others. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. and Sill Journ. 33 62.89S. 55-95 1 ~I ~IAug. 1r859; Feb. i86i I 0 7. 2. 9. bis W. W ~ells. P. 0. and S. IP Vol. I, and S. 0. 34 5'1-21 73.6S 54.09 3.9 53-49 JaI6; Jn~8 4 2 5 1 " A. Fendler. S. 0. a 09 32.98 Jan. i86i; Jan.'i864 5 ~~Moore. 35 51-84 74~ 85 53-51 32.01 I 53-05 Mar. iS66; June,i867 1 4 69 Dr. W., and Miiss I. 36 52. 39 76d 70 54-33 P1.08 53.63 July, i868; Aug. i869 1 2 It. E. Pollock. c -37 54-33 75-31 53.65 32.11 53-85 Oct. i859; July, i863 3 II IC Mt. A. Tidswell and P. 0. and S. I. Vol. 1, and S. 0. M. F. Hara~aS. 0. 38 5 51737 1('88 26-31 jJ 50-40 Mar. iS62; Dec. iS6S/ 2 L G. P. Razy. 8 I i.1.. I. i. i 868 0 I 7m 2. 9a bi, Dr. H. M. Lehman. S. 0. 2 IS~~~~~~~~170 0~ I 7m 2a gm Assistant Surgeon. MS. from S. G. 0. 3 44-~39 70~922 46-48 19~35 45-26 Sept. i866; Sept. i869 2 IO 19 91 C c 4- 48.oo0 69-57 45-57 24-90 47-01 1l 853; 1854 1 0.., Burr. Blodget's Climatology. I 4 ~4 I 4 ~. __ - - __ __ - - T- I Q4-. T -1 - - Q- - -. - - C, QS4___4 Q n 50 TEMPERATURlE TABLES. NEBRASKA. NAME OF STATION.'~ _ 21c-80 260.84 370~05 i 0 1. Bellevue. 41008/ 95055/.. 21~.8o 26~.84 037~05 48 ~.81 6]~79 710.o57660.02 720.65 65~.Io 500.42 37.65 25.0 2. Brownville... 40 24 95 40 28.02 26.92 42.89 64.18 74.51 79'56 76.53 66-97 53.89 32'70 24.67 3' Dakota.... 42 25 96 25 IO9O 17. I 24.35 35.56 44.76 63.32 68.20 74-32 73:99 50 59 36-35 7-2-42.4. Decatur.... 42 oo 96 i6 I..30.95 46.98 6o, 15 66. 18 7i.6o 5. De Sots.... 41 31 96 05 IlOO 17.29 24. i8 28. I 46.63 6o. 66 70.06 75.II 70.69 6o. 7 48.2( 36.05 23.26 6. Fontanelle.... 41 32 96 27 10OOO2 I6.9o 22.74 29.85 45.90 59.78 71.I6 72.77 71.61 61.81 45.23 33.65 23.44 7. Fort Calhouna.. 41 30 96 02 1327 18.95 26.64 36.90 I 51.74 64.16 74.I5 76.34. 76.20 65.48 52.77 37.33 22.o6 8. Fort Childs... 40 40 99 4! 7.71 I7.50.. 9. Fort Kearney4.. 4~ 38 98 57 2360 19'99 25.57 34.70 46';2 57';6 69'89 75-OI 72.34 62.57 50-51 34'3I 20. 10. Fort McPherson. 40t oo IOO 30.. 28.72 34.I4 37.03 49'66 63'45 7 r'63 79.97 74.68 63.88 51.64 4094 3. 2 IX. Glendale, near. 40 55 96 05 lOlO 16.56 23.65 29.9I 46.82 59.03 68.94 757 71-99 59.95 48.1423.41 12. Ionia. 42 41 96 5~ 2500 73'03 13. Lincoln 4~ 5~ 96 45 1647. 5.6 14. Nebraska City. 40 41 95 51 1~~ I 64.07o 7I-45 78-88 74-95 63~ 23 5...53 39.39 16.03 15. Nebraska City - 40 41 95 51 I225 25'83 29'8I 36'31 53'92 63'50 71'o6 77-78 72-48 64543 50-32 3 795 25.28 I6. New Castle.. 42 37 96 47 800 70.80 78. I5 68. I5 62.48 36.oo 29.zo 17. Nursery Hill 40 40 96 13 I266 2I.63 29.45 32.05 45-70 63.38. 18. Omaha5.... 41 15. 95 56 1300 20.07 28.23 33.4I 48.42 63.37 72.1I f 76.99 73.67 64.10 49.59 39.60 2I.79 i~J maha Agncy0 42 07.. 2.2I54 27.81 34.37 48.60 63.99 70.47 78.19 72.76 627. 3 51-.2o 387 256.85 20. Peru..... 40 29 95 45 l000 27. 70 30.35 33.18 69.94 21. Richland'. 141 22 96 16 1350 17.26 23-82 3i.63 45.91 6i(.7 70-87 75'948 72.42 62.86 49.02 35~09 2I.4 22. Rock Bluff... 40 56 95 5~ IIOO.. 28.20 7..0.......... 655.7 22.I3 NEVADA. I. Camp Halleck. 40 42 115 30 5600 24.49 28.57 37.03 46-23 53.~9 63.95 69.73 69.19 58'82 47.34 38.65 29.46 2. Camp McDermit 41 58 117 40 ]4700 27.59 31.23 36.07 46.17 54.68 64.46 73. 52 72.61 62.09 49.90 40.38 29.24 3. Camp McGarry. 41 40 ii1 oo oI 21.82 27.25 27.65 39.47 46-77 54.38 63.77 66-23 56-65 47.56 38.02 26.44 4- Camp Winfield Scott 41 34 117 30 281 28.11 29.81 35.36 48.71 56. ii 67-.55 77.78 76.92 63.63 51.31 36.71 36.3I 5. Fort Churchill.. 39 I7 III9 19 4284 32.08 35.57 43.84 52.55 6~'95 70'75 78.37 76.4i 67.61 53.00 42.47 35.99 6. Fort Ruby... 40 oI II5 35 59221 27.44 29.86 37.46 45.45 58.o8 64.89 72.65 73.82 62.72 51.21 40.57 32.46' ii7. Star City...40 30 t118 IO 175001....... 49-73 43.18 20.65 NEW' HAMPSHIRE. 1. Charlestown... 43 I5 72 23 41-97 6 ~t~~It9.96 68. i i 45.67 1~ 26-5I 2. Claremont.. 43 24 72 21 536 18-35 22...7 0. 79 4.-51 54-96 65.27 69.2 i66.56 58;.S 46.53 37-1I 23.68 3. Concord....114312 29 374i 20.84 22I73 31749 4.3:.21 65.86 69.9i 66.80 59. 4882:6 24.87 4. Contoocooksville 43 I5 7 42 450 39-83 5. Dover. 43 I3 70 54 I50 24.00 23.60 i 80 42i 70 53i7 63'90 70.4o 64.70 58.80 46.40 35~ 0 25.20 6. Dublin..18.52 21.58 27-70 36-99 49.4 64.I8 57-37 45.44.3367 21.14 7 Dunbarton. 43 o6 7 1 35 750 27-74~ 2478 30.08 42.60 54. 54 66.44 72.84 70.25 6i.20 48.89 36.65 26.38 8. Epping...... 49.2 03 71. 35- 9. Exeter.... l43D3 1'05 ~; ig1 8 2.20 31.4I 40-85 54.47 63.8i 69.89 67.82. 22 06 1o. Farmington... 43 22 71 0o 300 22. 20 I I. Farmouth9 43 5I 7 I9 450 23-98 22.15 26-41 43-19 55-5o 69.09 71<32 68.20 57-99 45138 33.I3 24-00 12. Fort Constitution.3 05 70 42 40 24. i9'6.: i6 34. 37 43~26 53~5 62.34 ~7~0I 65.06'A,./ 49. 64 Ar -A 9 28. 74 I3. Francestown ~ [4 5 14 ~ / 8S 52 3.'g 4.00 53- 64.09 9~ 68.15 }.~4 47.o9 3~9 29.46 14. Great Falls]0.. 14 5705 51 27.:2 2. <2 I96 4/ 56. 6~4.78 9~ 68.90 )o. 9851~ 3.O 16 22. 13 15. H-anover (Dart- 4 4 1 31 62;.~/~ 2.15 37~ 52. 6I,69 656 3.34;.~5 44~ 3.3~I 17.o8 mouth Colt.) 16. HanovernL4 2 2I 53'.(2 18. I 2.] }. I 3-$ 62.70 67r 5.60;.~3 44. I8 3~6 20. 99 17. Keen-e.. 4 7... I2 ~6 S 9 70.4~ 44.80 oI2 25.5o 35 feet above Missouri River. z lO25 feet in I868 —69. a Old Council F3luffs. t Observations for I849-54 at.~ (~,9 3= 9=; they were referred to 7m 2, 96 by means of the g~eneral table. Observations from Jan. 1859 to July, I86o, at "CPioneer Grove," near Omaha, to the northwtes4, at an elevation of I4OO feet. Observations for N~ov. and Dec. 1868, at an elevation of 900 feet; for 1869-7ot at "Omaha Barrackrs."~ TEMPERATURE TABLES. 51 NEBRASKA. a ~ a F E1 E ~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~SERIES. EXTENiT OBSERVING'~1 ~. OBSERVER. REFER ENCES. b~ Begins. Ends. yrs.mos. HOURS. I I490.22 730.24 510.o6 24~.61 49~.53 June, 1857; Dec. i87o I2 4 7m 2a 9a bis W. Hamilton and E. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. and S. O. E. Caldwell. 2 76.87 5I I9 26.54 May, I858; Oct. I859 I 2 7m 2a 9a C. B. Smith. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. 3 47.88 72.7.. 1721.29 Oct. I867; Aug. 1869 I 7 7m 2a 9=bis H.H. Brown. S. ). 4 46.03 ~869 o 5 " Dr. S. C. Case. 5 45.I3 71.95 48.31 21.58 46.74 Apr. i867; Dec. 1870 3 8 " C. Seltz. 6 45.I8 71.85 46.90 2I.o3 46.24 Jan. I859; Nov. I869 2 8 J. Evans, H. Gibson. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. O. 7 50.93 75.56 51.86 22.55 50.23 Jan. I82o; Dec. 1826 7 o 7m 2a 9a Assistant Surgeon. Ar. Met. Reg. I855. 8.. I849 o 2 Or 9m 3, 9a " " S. Coll. 9 46.53 72.41 49.26 21.9I 47.53 Jan. 1849; Jan. I868 15 1I 7m 2a9, " " 4 cc Ar. Met. Regs. r855 and 186o, and MS. from S. G. O. 10 50.05 75.43 52.I5 31,23 52.21 Nov. I866; Dec. 1870 3 5... cc.. MS. from S. G. O. 11 45.25 72.27 47.68 21.21 46.60 Aug. 186i; Oct. I869 4 o 7m 2., 9bis Dr.A.L. &J.E. Child. S. O. r2 I865 o I " L. T. Hill. "" I3.... 1870 o I " Dr. G. A. Goodrich. "" I4.. 75.09 5r.38 S I859 o 8 7m 2a 9a E. E. Mason. P. O. and S. I. Vol. I. I5 51.24 74.1I 50.90 26.97 5o. 8 July, i868; Dec. x87o 2 3 7, 2a 9a bis P. Zahner. S.O. i6 72.37 I870 o 6 " L. H. Smith. "" 17 47.04 i865 o 5 R. O. Thompson. x8 48.40 74.26 5.;I0 23.36 49. 28 June, I858; Dec. 1870 4 o 7m 2,, 9a J. T. Allan, W. N;T. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, S. O., Byers, Assis. Surg.,J. and MS. from S. G. O. G. Rain, C. B. Wells. I9 48.99 73.8I 50.90 25.40 49-77 Aug. i867; Dec. 187o 3 I 7M 2a 9 bi W. Hamilton. S. 0. 20 June, i867; June, I869 o 5 " 4 M. McKenzie. "" 21 46-44 7Z~79 48-99 20.83 47.26 June, I858; Mar. I87o II 3 J. S. & A. M. J. Bowen. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. O. 22 Oct. 186o; Feb. I86t 0 4 7m 2a ga H. C. Pardee. S. O. NEVADA. I 45.45 67.62 48.27 27.5I 47.21 Oct. I867; Dec. 1870 3 2 7m 2a ga Assistant Surgeon. MS. from S. G. 0. 2 45.64 70.20 50.79 29.35 49.00 Dec. I865; Dec. I870 4 8..... 3 37.96 6i.46 47.4I 25.I7 43.o0 Nov. i865; Nov. I868 2 Io " " ".., 4 46. 73 74.08 50.55 31.4I 50o.69 Dec. i866; July, 1870 3 6..'.. 5 52.45 75-18 54.36 34.55 54.I3 Oct. I86o; May, i869 7 1o " 6 47.00 70.45 5I.50 29.92 49.72' Jan. i863; Oct. x868 5 3 7. 865 o 3 7, 2a 9a bis R. C. Johnson. S. O. NEW HAMPSHIRE. I 1... I ~~ 1 ~~ II ~~ 11 1843; I844 o 5............. Manuscript. 43.o9 67oO 47-37 2I. 0 44; 74 Se2t, I857; Nov. 9868 9 7 7]n 2a 9abis F. A. Freeman, A. OP. 0. and S. I.Vol. I, and S. O0 Chase, & S. O. Mead. 3 43.62 67.52 48.64 22.81 45.65 Jan. 1828; May, I870 22 2 7m 2, 9, J. C. KnoxJ. Farmer, P. O. & S. I. Vol. I, S. O., S. Dr. Prescott, H. E. Coll., and Am. Aim. 1837 & Sawyer, J.T.Wheeler. foil. 4.. 1870 0 2 7n 2a 9a bis E. D. Couch. S. O. 60.9 24.27 45.1o Jan. t833; July, 1843 Io 7 7A.A Tufts. Am. Alm. I836- 7 and olol. 6 37.94 64.84 45.49 2o.41 42.17 Jan. I849; Aug. 1853 4 8 (. 9m 3a 9, Leonard. S. Coll. 7 42.4i 69.84 48.91 26.30 46.87 Mar. I868; Dec. I870 2 IO 7m 2. 9a bis A. Colby. S. O. 8 44.76 I833; 1834 2 o...... Plummer. Am. Alm. 9 42. 24. 67. 17 48. 76 22.14 45.08 I849; May,I863 6 II 7m 2, 9~bis Rev. S. W. Leonard, S. O. and S. Coll. E. Nason. o i. 86t o 1...... L. Bell. S. O. 11 41.7o 69. 54 45.o 2i.38 45.03 Feb. 1867; Dec. I87~ I 4 7 2 90bis A. Brewster. "" t2 43.7t 64.82 49.22 26.63 46.09 Jan. 1822; Sept. ~853 25 2 7m 2a 9~ Assistant Surgeon. Ar. IMet. Reg. 1855.!i 3 4I.86 67. I9 48.24 24. I1 45.35 Mar. t853; Mlay, ~858 2 3 " A.HI-. Bixby, Dr. M. P. O. & S. I. Vol. I, &t S. Coll. N. Root, & SawYyer. 14 43.~5' 69.73 50.05 21.23 46.~3 11 853; Jan. I857 r 21,, G. B. &H. E. Sawyer, " " "r " Tit ombh.'5 38.78 63.57 44.05 16. 26 40.67:iNov. 1834; Dec. ~854 4 o COr I~ 9}~. Prof. I. Yloung,R.A. P.O0. and S. I. Vol. I, Am. Young. Alm. 183'7 and foil. 16 40.87 65.I5 44.76 t9. 17 42.49 i 835; t854 20 o "t Young. Manuscript. t7....... t43 o 7 (D~.9~ 3~9, Whalo ck. Observations for I867 at "(Black~bird Hills," a few miles to the southwest of the mission. 7 Also known as "(Elkhorn City." 8 Nason gives altitude I25 feet above river bed. s Also called 7'amwortl.'0 This series is composed of observations at Great Falls by It. E. Sawyer, and at Salmon Falls, about two miles southeast of Great Falls, by G. B. Sawyrer. n Observations from January, x835, to December, 1837, probably included in preceding series. TEMPEEATUEE TABLES. NEW' HA1VIPSHIRE. —C ontinued. i l......, ~ i8. Littletoni... I I 44~2o/{ 7I~49/{.. { 7~.57 I8~.4o 24~.44 38~,62 52~.84 S8~.91 66~,6o 65~,~ 33~.9o I5~.o9 /55~,58 [ x9. Londonderry.. 22.64 24.38 31.89 43.48 56.2I 66.36 I 71.69 { 58., [ 6I.o9 [ I 38.87 [ 26.9I 42', 5317I 20 13oo{ 20. London Ridge.. 43 20 71 25 1475J 23.7~ 3~.77 38.45 49.I8 62.23 67.20/ 74.o8] 72.I ] 70.25 } [42.28 [ 33.03 2i. Manchester... 42 $9 23.84 26.38 34. o6 45.oI 64.34 7i 28 [ 3ool 62. Ix 67.54 [ 72.94 [ 59.( 22. Mason.... [ 4o. 22 / 27.48 4245 7I 45 ].. I 29. Io 31.7o 3o. I5 43.60 66. Io{ 68.8ol 67.! 23. Mr. Washington. 44 16 7I I8 [6285[ 43.58 [ 49.39 [ 47-t 24. North Barnsteada. }" I26'20 43 22 171 15 /'' { 2;'65 24.74 3(.O3 43.27 54';9 64.04169.00 /68. { 60.86 { / 38.77 [ 25.44 25. Portsmouth.. ~ 25.45 27.75 3o.85 47.15 57. Io 43 05[70 46[ I2[ 26. Portsmouth... 65.8o1 69.65 I 68. 16o. 35[ /34.8ot26.2o 21.62 27.48 36.o0 43.07 53.00 27. Salisbury ~ ~ ~ 43o5t7o46I 38/ [59.64[ {36.36/26.35 43 23 { 71 45 [.. / I8'83 20'32 3I'42 42'I5 63.96/69.37167.{ { 6I'55 { { 36'27 t 27'30 28. Shelburne... 44 23 { 71 14[ 7ooI 16.32 19.26 27.44 39.80 52.07 62-9I I 69-361 64.7 [ 55'46/ t 33.35 { 2o. 21 29. Stratford....4440I 71 39 11000[ I3.27 I7. I7 24.92 37.37 50.84 61.36/ 65.2I [ 62.' / 54.46/ 3~. Wakefield [ 31.37 [ i6.o7 ~ ~ 43 34 [ 7I 07 {.. { 28.00 28.80 39.25 49.80 6r.2o 73.40 [ 79.40 [ 77.' [ 67.6o { [ 44.20 ~ 31.8o..;38 ] 72 07 l" t 2o. II 27.25 39.07 51.77 63.86/ 68.73 [ 65., { 58'26 [ / 3I'86 ] I9'53 3~I West Enfielcl'... 22.50 I6.35 24.18 43.65 53.23 Whitefield /57'68/ [3I'36/2I'73 li~ 2317I 39 11332/ 2o.~o 64.48167.61162.' NEW JEESEY. I. BloomfieldS... 4o 48 74 12 12o' 28.58 30.58 36. Ol 47.36 57.6o 69.16 73.99 7I.Ol 64.6o 54.19 43.65 33.67 2. Branchburg Town- 4o 36 74 44 ~ 27.35 34.40 33.78.. 59.78 75.25 76.40 72.3~ 64.40 51.68 48.00 3o.85 ship6 3- Burlington.. ~ 40 04 74 51 o 28.87 31.39 39. Io 49.85 6o. I7 70.09 74.57 71.36 65.54 54.43 44.46 33.39 4. Chester'.... 4000 74 ~7 27.79 31.22 38.29 5o. oI 59.62 69.82 74.98 72.6I 65.34 52.20 42.83 31.96 ~i9 5. Dover.... 40 54 74 26.99 28.3I 35.59 46.59 54.92 66-65 72.7~ 69.94 62-57 52.62 43.77 29.65 6. Elwood. ~ ~ 39 34 74 42.. 26.08 23.91 39.8o 46.40 56.23 67.9~ 76.85 72.48 65.88 51.55 43.o8 28.70 7. Freehold.... 4~ I5 74 I6 30.35 31.62 39.32 46.48 57. I3 68. J4 72.34 7I.oi 64.03 53.98 42.93 34.3~ 8. Greenwich.. ~ 39 24 75 20'3~ 30.97 33'94 39.68 51.53 60.43 7I.oo 75.74 73.02 66.73 53.71 44. I9 34.5o 9. Haddonfield. ~ 39 53 75 02 5~ 29.6I 3~.94 38.31 50.54 59.41 70.06 74.66 72. I9 65.47 52.23 42.98 32.59 iio. Lambertsville.. 40 23 74 57 96 29.55 29.85 37.9~ 48.86 60.20 7o. I6 75.o9 72.14 64.4~ 51.6o 42.3o 32.57 II. Lesser Cross Roads 40 4I 74 39 36. I3 31.73.... 39.88 33.40 I2. Long Branch.. 4o I8 73 58 Io 35.48 I3. Middletown... 4024 7407 5~ 34.8o 35.48 4;.8I S3.'xo 6I'.47 66.83 7;.93 72.23 66.4o 57-37 45.73 34.80 I4. Moorestown... 39 58 74 57 Io4 29. I8.. 46.41 62. I7 68-03 74.74 72.69 65. I6.. 32.7~ -I5. Mount Holly.. 39 59 74 48 29.60 33.51 39.67 50-98 6o-35 69.03 73.~3 71.65 65.31 54.37 44.59 34.58 I6. NavesinkHighlands 40 24 73 59 Ill 29.50 36.45 38.20 47.88 54.23 67.23 70.3O I7. Newarlc.. ~ 30[ 4044 74 Io 35 31-63 25'90 34.45 45.62 56.31 66.oi 7o. 5I 69.04 6o.7I 49.86 39.'92 29.05 I8. Newark.... 4~ 44 74 Io 35 29'36 30.65 37'4~ 48'28 57'91 67-5I 72'93 7~'6I 63'6o 52'31 43'22 32'25 19. New Brunswick. 40 3~ 74 27 9~ 27. I2 29.46 35.67 5~.II 58.36 68.30 74.o7 7I.~9 63.6.6 51.9o 41.99 3o. 93 20. Newfield.... 39 40 74 5~ I25 35.I8 3I'49 36'97 48.78 59.73 72.83 77'45 73.43 65.87 55.42 41.94 32.6I 2I. New Germantown 40 4I 74 45 32.$9 30.63 32.88 49.87 58.89 7o.~I 73.06 7~.62 64.4I 50.54 39.09 29.59 22. New Stone... 40 40 3.20} 75 oo 23. Newton 41 04 7445 6591 28.7I 28.7I 3o.83 59'05 71.5o 73.3~ 73.65...... 47-34 55.96 64.78 69,40 24. Paterson 60/ 26.58 58.77 69.49 74.37 70.97 64.77 5;.27 4;.66 3o.52 40 56 74 IO 29.45 35.69 49. II 25. Rio Grande... 39 oi 74 53 I3 37.92 36.03 36. I7 47.95 57.47 70.54 76.37 73.92 67.44 53.I9 42.78 35. I3 26. Seaville.... 39 I1 74 45 I8 26.26 37.35 4o. I7 5I.I6 53.38 7o~98 76.72 74.48 69.69 53.54 44.48 28.36 27. Sergeantsville.. 40 27 74 57 28.54 31.39 38.65 43.02 60.42 69.6I 74.86 76.45 7T.I7 62.83 43-46 36.62 28. South Orange.. 4I 45 74 I5 29. Trenton.... 4~ I4 7445'6o 3;.8o 33.'II 39.24. 52.o8 60.;5 7o.55 75.2I 64.47 54.57 42.35 31.64 73.33 66.22 54.20 44.29 33.06 3o. Vineland ~ ~ ~ 39 29 75 oI I19 33.51 31.23 37.83 49.53 59.77 72.99 78.60 74.7~ 66.4I 53.12 42.57 31.76 31. Woodstown... 39 39 75 I9 3oi.. 45,33 47.84 31.96 9, The observing hours were (~)r2~. The observationswere corrected fordaily variation bymeans ofthe general table. a Also called Barnsz'ead. 4 Observationscorrected for dailyvariation by means of the general table. The observations in March, I849, were made at Belleville, about three miles northeast of Bloomfield.,.. ~,,..............................................,,_....................... _ _~............... TEMPERtATUREE TkABLES. 58 NI'EIW' HAMPSHI[RELl. —Continued. b~~~~~~F 4_ E E SERIES. EXTENT OBSERVING.q OBSERVER. REFERINCES. b~e( ~41B~f!IBegins. Ends. yrs.mos. HOURS. 18 380.63 630.77 450.36 I7~.o02 4I~.o Mar. i863; July, 1864 I 5 7m 2a 9abis R. C. Whiting, R. S.O. Smith. I9 43.86 68.82 5. 1Ig 24.64 46.88 Mar. I849; Feb. I857 5 Io 7m 2 9= R. C. Mack. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, & MS. 20 49'95 7I'38 29. I7 Jan. 1862; Feb. I863 I o 7m 2 9a bis D. I. S. French. S. 0. 2I 47.80 70.02 5I.14 25.90 48.72 Jan. I845; Mar. I86o I4 I (D 2, (D), S. N. Bell. P. O. & S. I.Vol. I, S. Coil., & S. O. 22].. 1 67.6o.. I zg29.00 Jan. I8o6; June, I8o7 o Io 2........ Med. and Agr. Reg. Bost. Vol. I, I806-7. 23. 46.88.... I853; I859 o 3 7m 2, 9= J. S. Hall, Noyes. P.O. & S.I.Vol. I, 8< Print. Reg. 24 42.93 67405 49.31 23.94 4 FI IFeb. i86o; Dec.I868 8 8 7, 2a 9abis C.H.Pittman. S.O. 25 45.03 67.87 47.98 26.47 46.84 Feb. i8o6; Sept. I807 I 5 2 C. Peirce. - Med. and Agr. Reg. Bost. Vol. I, i806-7. 26 44.02 66.99 47.88 25.I5 46.oI Jan. I839; July, I868 9 II (, 9m 3a 9, J. Hatch, Surg. Dela- MS. in S. Coll. and S. O. ney and Chase. 27 48.42 22.15.. Nov. I86I; Oct. I870 o 8 7m 2, 9abi, E.D. Couch. S. O. 28 39-77 65-48 44.20 1. 6o 42.O Dec. 1856; May, I869 6 9 4 F. Odell. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. T, and S. 0. 29 37.7I 62.95 42.68 15.50 39.7I Aug. 1855; Dec. 1870 I3 4 7m 2. 9a,bi W. B. G., B. G. & B. " Brown, A. Wiggin. 30 5. o8 76.67 54.87 29.53 52.79 I846; 185o 5 o N. Dow. Manuscript. 31 39.36 66.o2 45.23 I 9.9I 42.63 Sept. 1856; Dec. I858 2 3 7m 2a 9= N. Purmort. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. 32 40.35 64.84 44 I6 20. 19 42.39 June, i869; Dec. I870 I 7 7m 2a 9a b L.D. Kidder. S. O. NEWilvt JERlSEiY. 1 46.99 7I,39 54-I5 30-94 5087t Mar. 1849; Dec. i862 IO 7 7m 2a 9a R. L. Cooke, and P. O. and S. I. Vol. I, S. O., & Merrick. S. - Coll. 2. 74.65 54.69 30.87.. Nov. I866; Oct. I870 I I 7.2~a9bis J. Fleming, and W. S. 0 T. Kerr. 3 -49.7I 72.o0 54.8I 31.22 51.94 Mar. I849; Mar. I868 I3 3 " Rev. A. Frost, Dr. E. P. O. and S. I.Vol. I, S.O., and R. Schmidt, and J. S. Coll. C. Deacon. 4 49.31 72.47 53.46 30.32 51.39 May, i863; Dec. 187o 7 3 T. S. and T. J. Beans. S. O. 5 45.7~ 69.76 52.99 28.32 49. I9 Oct. i866; Jan. I869 2 4 H H. Shriver. " " cc 6 47.48 72.41 53.50 26.23 49.91 Mar. I868; Nov. I68 o 9 " J. S. Tritts. "', 7 47.64 70. 50 53.65 32.09 50.97 Jan. I857; Feb. 1862 5 o " O.R. Willis. P. O. and S. I, Vol. I. and S. O. 8 5o. 55 73.25 54.88 33. I4 52.95 Jan. I864; Dec. I870 7 o' P ebeccaC. Sheppard. S.O. 9 49.42 72'30 53'56 3I'38 5I'67 Jan. i864; Dec. 1870 6 9 " J.S. Lippincott, S. Wood, & J. Boadle. 1048.99 72.46 52.77 3o 6 5i 2i Io 48.99 30.66 1 51.22 Jan. I843; Dec. I859 17 o 7m 2. 9. L. H. Parson. Am. Alm. 1845 & foll., MS. in S. Coll., & P. O. & S. I. Vol. I. II...... 33'75.. Oct. I869; Feb. 1870 0 4 7, 2, 9abis J. Fleming. S. O. 12. 1861 o I,, H. A. Stokes. 1.... I3 52.I3 7o. 33 56.50 35.03 53.50 June, 1831; Mar. I8 49 3 2 7m 2= 9, Colb and Jenk —ins. Sill. Journ. and S. Coll. 14 58. 87 7o.86 July, I849; Aug. I 868 0I 0 7m 2a 9.ibi~ Mis s E. E. Thornton P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, S. O., 5& J. W. Lippincott. and S. Coll. 15 50.33 71.24- 54: 76 32.56 52.22 Jan. I86I; Mar. i868 7 I Dr. M. J. Rhees. S. O. i646'77 i6 c99- 16 46.77 1861 o 7 Prof. L. Harper.'... I7 45.46 68 52 50- i6 28.86 4S.25 1829; 1850 22 O (Dr N'........ Pat.Off. Rep. 1851. i8 47.86 70.35 53.04 30.75 50.50 May, I843; Dec.I87O 24 5 $ W. A. Whitehead. MS. in S. Coll., printed slip, P. O. and S. I, Vol. I, & S. O. 9 48.05 7I.~5 52.52 29. I7 50.22 [ Mar. i863; May,1870 6 I 7, 2 9abis G.W.Thompson, G.H. S. O. Cook,E. H. Bogardus, & J. E. Hasbrouck. 20 48.49 74.57 54.41 33.09 52.64 Oct. x867; July,I 87~ 2 Io " E. D. Couch. "" 21 47.21 71.60 5I.35 30.94 50.27 Oct. I868; Dec. 1870 2 2 " i A. B. Noll. 22 72.82...... 867 o 4 J. Fleming. 23 44.7I I869 o 7 " Dr. T. Ryerson... z4 47.86 71.6I 52. 57 as~;s 5o. 2 I Oct. I863; Deo. I87o 681 " W. Brooks. " 25 47.20 73.6I 54.47 36.36 //~52.92~ /Apr. I868; Dec. 187o 2 5'~ M~irs. J. R. Palmer. " 26 48. 24 74. o6 55.9~ 30. 66 52.21 iJan. I865; Apr. I868 2 o "( B. Cole. " 27 47.36 73.64 59. I5 32. ~8 53.08 Jan. 1857; Mar. I858 I 3 73 n9 ~T egat.O n.I o.I 28 53.80 I87 ~ o 4 7m 2a 9= bis Dr. W. J. Chan~dler. S. O. 29 50.46 73.03 54.9~ 32.66 52.76 Jan. I84o; Dec. 187o II o i~ Dr. F. A. Ewing, and Am?. Ahn. 1842 and S. O. E. R. Cook. 3~ 49.o4 75.43 54.03 32. x7 52.67 Aug. I867; Dec. x87o 3 5 7m 12, 9= bis Dr. J. Ingram. S. O. 31 ~ ~ I~~~~~gg O 3 7, 2, g, G. V~~~~~~~~~~atson.~~ P' O. and S. I. Vol. x. The observations composing this series were made at Branchburg Township, MLechanicsville, and Beadington, all within a radlius of about three miles. Observations corrected for daily variation by means of the g~eneral table. T E MP E t~AT UI-tE TABLES. NEW MEXICO.' ~ ~ — } r./).... c~ ~1'-Abiquin.... 36~,5/I1o6~3o//65oolt....... 74c o6 7oC.~7 64~.86 53~.28.. I 2. Albuquerque'.. 38~.,9 47~.09 56~. 65'.92.2, 7~36 7~..72 68.80156.881430.29]330.39 [i 3. Camp Cimarron... )9 7c 98.47 67.Ol 36o6},o63816o32[13=o:77 4. Camp Plummer. 36':8 11o6'42 ] ]] 11 I6.67 18.Io 2i.64 42.].0,.o5 [8 6( 87.. 7 5. Camp Rio Mimbres I 47'1~ I 29'44 [ 3 [[ [ 6. Cantonment ]3urg- 32 32 ]I~7 56 /'' // 5 "32 36 26 1o5 3o 79oot1 21'.8, 28.;7 45'08 9'('3' I ] }~3 37.55 45.!'2.45 [8 68 52.(2 56.32 46.72 32.18 20.89 I1 win2 J [ 7. Cebolleta ~ ~ ~ 35 15 /IO7 20 I62ooH 32.9~ 35.93 44.5~ 51.36 61.65 72.52 77.45 75.65 68.45 59.o6 4,.o3 30'49 ]1 8. Do~a Ann... 32 26 [IO6 48 ]4ooo~[. 69.89 78.94 82.22 81.50... 9. El Paso.... 3t 44 /~o6 32 /383o]1 45.75 49.25 6o. 36 74.3' 77.92 87.36 88.53 87.06 8i. 22 7O.O0 38.37 11 to. Fort Bascom ~ ~ 35 24 11o3 50 /.. /t 36'21 45'4x 53'25 6~.26 75.03 77.83 81.23 81.83 77.43 6~.74 54.27 41.66 [[ xt. Fort Bayard... 32 46 1IO8 3~ /445o/1 36.38 39.56 43.97 51.67 58.49 69.25 71.13 69.91 66.61 57.87 45.86 38.68 [[ [ 12. Fort Conrad ~ ~ 33 47 [,o6 48 ]45761] 36.26 4~.99 51.3t 6~.87 66.7~ 74.2' 79.06 77.04 69.99 58.20 43.60 38.40 [[ 33 ] 53.19 ]4576/I 38.~3 13. Fort CraigO... 36 Io7 oo 44.00 61.3o 71.o9 79.3~ 81.89 79.12 72.24 6o.30 47.o9 36.84 I4. Fort Cummings. ]]. 32 32 ito7 40 ].. // 46.80 49. I4 54.94 64.3~ 72.4~ 77.88 8I.O8 78.42 76.52 66.60 59.83 46.66 [[ 15. Fort Faunleroy4. 35 29 /I~8 23 |.. l/ 24'06 16. Fort Fillmore5.. 32 14 1o6 42 3937 43.57 48. IO 49'5~ 62'19 7~'48 74'17 71'66 6I.O8 5x.54 36.66 32'46 /I [ 5i.;2 63'9~ 72'3~ 81'78 82'95 81'65 76'33 65'82 5I'18 43'67 [[ t7. Fort Lowell... I [1 36 39 /1o6 40 [.. // 19'91 2~'95 33'65 4~'~7 18. Fort McRae 33 18 ]1o7 03 145oo// 38.53 4o.41 49.47 61.7o 72.~3 78.53 61'93 54.69 44.25 31.19 20.44 l/ 8;.37 ~ ~ ~ 78.03 73.8o 61.43 48.59 38.73 l/ x9. Fort Selden... 32 23 |1o6 55 |.. // 44.12 48.06 55.45 63.55 72.89 81.53 82-57 80.27 74.77 63.54 51.89 43'I~ /l 2o. For, Stanton.. 34.6I 38.10 44.52 52.15 6I.O6 68'39 69'40 67'74 61'38 51'97 41'56 35'24 // ]/ 2i. Fort Sumner ~ ~ 34 25 /~o4 o8 [.. l/ 39.27 40.76 47.68 56.44 68.54 77.67 78.78 78.07 71.92 59.56 47.26 39'65 // 22. Fort ThornS 32 4o ~. ~ izo7 o9 145oo~1 37.56 41.98 51.o3 6~.19 68.33 77.84 80.88 77.14 69.38 58.24 44.83 36'66 /1 23. For, Union*... 35 54 1~o4 57/667o]l 32.~3 35.43 4~.82 49.08 58.83 66.49 69.87 67.46 61.55 51.35 41.56 33-03 It 24. Fort Webster.. 32 43 ]1o8,o 1635011 35.96 40.48 46.20 53. Io 59.44 7o. zI 75.15 69.89 63.o8 53.85 43.62 42.82 1/ 25 Fort West ~ 33 oo ~ ~ ~ I1o8 39 1-. 11 53.22 57.64 67.56 77.34 77.44 77.05 45.80 26. Fort Wingate.. 35 3o I1o7 45 |.. ]/ 3~'I4 36'57 43.48 50.47 60.58 69.43 73.80 70.87 64.'I9 54'63 4;'o5 3I"68 /~ 27. Laguna.... 35 03 I1o7 14 1600011 38.9x 46.24 57..43 46.38 4o. 1o ~1 28. Las Vegas... 35 35 ]1o5,6 /64181/ 33.36 31.2o 37.23 47.07 56.4z 67.82 7;.4z 73.oz 66.47 48.88 32.98 21'73 /| 29. Los Pinos... 34 5z tI~6 39 [5oool] 33.07 39.78 50.49 56.18 67.20 75.96 79.72 76.45 60.53 55.83 41.31 33.16 H 3o. Rayado.... 36 27 [1o4 55 16ooo// 31. Santa F66 ~ 33.2x 40.73 50.27 61.62 71.48 35 41 1'o6 02 1684611 28.38 ~ ~ 59.17 69.36 72.}3 7o.o' 63.79 5[.)9 3i. 44 29.25 32 Socor o.... 1[ 34 os [ o6 So 1466ol/ 37.60 38oS 48.74 573 6669 76.46 79.60 8o.48 73.6I 60.38 42.60 33'3~ |/ Iq'EW'~ORI{.,. Adirondack... 7405.. 24.49 33.79 48.03 57.87 64.18 60.65 2. Albany...... [] 7344 13o 25.00 26.00 34.00 48.50 59.25 66.25 73.5~ 7~.5o 6;.~o 49.75 38.~6 ~7.bO 3. Albany.... 73 44,3o[[ 22.90 26.75 32.11 49.02 60.32 68.67 71.26 72.06 64.0, 51.33 41.47 29.34 4. Albany. 73 44,3ol] 22.49 26.46 34.44 47.7z 59.23 69.87 74.08 70.99 62.88 49.94 37.46 28.31 5. Albany (z~ca(temy) 44~ 24.72 73 24.37 35.03 47.74 60.06 68.13 72.24' 7o. 17 61.38 49.48 39. I6 28.40 6. Albany. 13o 24.14 28.94 7. Albany (i)u[lley 34.35 73 44.00 56.3z 66.60 71.78 67.75 59.44 51.42 39.o9 27.75 73 21.7I 23.33 30.43 45.22 58.o8 69.31 74.36 7o.5~ 61.49 47.68 37.59 25.54 Observatory) 8. Albany....,3o[1 73 45 28.00 38. 5~ 56.80 9- Albany.... 73 44,3o 23.29 24.88 33.68 46.87 59.06 68.26 72'65 72'9~ 7~'26 5~'78 44.35 37.'0 72.9~ 7o. 13 61.26 48.97 38.44 27.60 zo. Albion.... 7511 23.38 78'4 50511 32.85 31.34 4o. 26 48.48 58.71 67.o8 72.26 7o.81 62.35 53.76 42.47 34.80 z,. Albion.... 78 ~4 29.21 35.46 43.17 56.32 69.05 73. I4 70.9~ 62.77 5~.04 43.37 30.47 12. Alexander... 78 18.. z3. Alfi'ed.... 77 5~ i~.i9 24.44 29.;0 58.37 66.21 71.45...... 14. Amenia.... 5o51/ 3~.8o 73 33 54011 21.79 2o. 12 35.56 4;.54 5~.~6 66.55 67.88 67.86 57.76 46.99 45.'I5 28.24 15. Angelica.... 78 03 20.84 26.09 41.74 54. I2 65.56 71.28 65.63 60.05 4'6.23 35.42 25.15 16. Auburn.... I5OO[[ 16.59 76 35 650[[ 24.37 25.08 33.51 45-26 54.84 64.47 69.38 68.23 59.45 48.23 37.75 29.54 17. Auburn.... 76 35 65~[] 24.39 25.38 32.77 44.98 60.33 68.73 72.38 72.29 63.86 50.42 38.74 28-79 I8. Auburn. 7635 23.65 24.44 32.92 44.81 55.98 65.58 70.75 68.97 59.75 47.83 37.33 29.55 19. Baldwinsville ~. 76 20 22.62 24.69 30.39 42.o9 53.75 64. I7 68.79 66.~3 59.08 47.29 37.72 26.76 65.~11 Observations for four years, Sept. I849, to Dec. 1854, Or 9m 3~ 9.~; they were referred to 7m 26 96' ~ Observations for May and June, 185% at Taos. For seven months of the series, the observing hours were (~ 9m 3~ 96; a correction was applied to refer them to 7m 2~ 96' a Observations for nine months of I854, at (7)r 9m 3~ 9~; referred to 7m 26 96' 4 Also known as Fort Lyon. 5 Observations prior to 1855, at C)~ 9m 3~ 9~; referred to 7~ 2~ % 6 From January,,855, to September, 1867, inclusive, the observations were made at Fort Marcy, about one mile from Santa F6. Previous to I855, the observing hours were (~)~ 9~ 3~ 9~; they have been referred to 7~ 2~ 9~. TEMPERATURLa \ J a~E TABLES. s 5 NIPM MIEIXIC 0.%C~ SERIES. ElXTENTI OBSERVING C" O~~~~~~~BSERVER., REFERENCES. Begins. Ends. yrs.mos. HOURS. I'~~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~851 0 4 (D,9m 3, 9 Assistant Surgeon. Ar. Met. Reg. 18552 503 702560 03 340- 8 550~93 Sept. I849; July, x867 14 5 7. 2a e, t Ar. Met. Regs. 1855 and iS6o, and MS., fr~om S. G. 0. 3 71-S) I. I iSi, I 1168 0 4 cc I c C 1MS. from S. G. 0. 4 39~361.. I I 21.711 2;.' Oct. i867; July, xS68 o io1 ( 1 (( c 5 5 6.8 I r864 03 6 45-97 66.212 45-07 23.89 45.29 May, 1850; Apr. iS6o 5 11A. e. es. 55ad 8o and M1S. from~ S. G. 0. 7 52- 50 7 5.21 56. I8 33-11 54.25 Dec. 1849; Sept. IS51 I 1o Q 9. 3,. 9,. ( Ar. Met. Reg.'8S558 1 S. 89 1851 0 4 I 9 70.86 87.65 (, 44-46 ~ (Aug. rES50; Aug. IS51 I 0r c c c I I CC c o 63-18 80- 3o 64-15 41-09 62. i F'eb. i864; Oct. IS70 3 10 7. 2. 9a 9MS.from S. G. 0. I I 5I~338 70-10 56~ 78 38.21 54-12 Maur. xS67; Dec. 180 1 II I.I 12 59.63 76- 77 57.26 8.~88 5S- 14 Oct- IS51; Mar. IS54 6 0, 9m3, 9, C ccAr. Met. R~eg. 185513 6i.86 80. 10 59-88 39. 62 6o. 37 Apr. IS54; Dec. 1870 13 10 7m 2a a i I Ar. Met. Regs. i855 and 186o, and MS. from S. G. 0. I4 63-88 79- 13 6-.65 47-53 64~55 Mar. xS69; Nov. 1870 1 9 I: cc MS. from S. G. 0. 15 72.1r0 49-76 Oct. i 86o; Sept. i86i 0 0 i 6 63-87 82.1I3 64-44 45-II 63-89 Sept. I85I; May, i86i 9 8 el cc c Ar. Met. Regs. 1855 and i86o, and MS. from S. G. 0. 17 ~ 43-38 20-43 I IAug. i868; Apr. iS69 o 9 ccC c iMS. from S. G. 0. iS i. 1 79-3i 6z.27 39.22 6o. 23 Mar. i864; Dec. 1870 3 1 I I I I c ig 63-96 81-46 63-40 45-09 63~48 N'ov. iS65; D~ec. IS70 4 8 9 c ccf c c 20 52-58 68. 51 51.64 35-98, 52. i8 Aug. 1855; Dec. I870 9 I I Ar. Met. Reg. iS~o, and MS. fr-om S. G. 0. 2 1 57- 55 78-17 1'59- 58 39.89 58. So Apr. i864; July, i869 5 0 M S. c cI S from S. G. 0. 22 6o. IS1 78.62 57-48 38-73 58-75 JaJn. 1 854; Jan. 18591 5 0 i t i Ar. Met. Regs. 1855 and i86o. 23 49-58 67-94 51-49 33-50 5o. 63 Aug. I85I; Dec. 1870 I 7 3 ccC cAr. Met. Regs. IS55 and i86o, and MS. from S. G. 0. 24 52.91 71- 72 53- 52 39-75 1 54-48 Feb. i852; Dec. I853 I II 0, 9m 3a 9a IC Ar. Met. Reg. 185525 59-47 77.28 - I863 07 711 2. 9a X1 S. from S. G. 0. 26 5I-51 71-37 53-29 3 2~80 52-24 Nov. x862; Dec. 1870 27 41-75 Oct- IS5r; Feb. i852 o5 Or 9n, 3a 9a 4Ar e. e. 85 28-76 96 Jan. cc 41~~~~~~~~~A. et Rg.r85 28 46.90o 70. 75 49-44 4g.6 8' 6 an S50; July, i851 1 7 c 29 7-9 7- 3 5- 5 3-34 5581 an x83;May j66 9 7m 2a 9a M /IS. from S. G. 0. 30 IS5I 0 52- 9M 3. 9.Jn.r83; I~y186 ~0,m391. Ar. Met. Reg. 185531 50-o6 70-50 51-34 30.28 50~ 54 Jan. 1849; Dec. 1870 iS 6 7]n 2a ga Ar. Met. Regs. i8355 and x86o, and MS. from S. G. 0. 32 57.25 78-85 58. 86 36-32 57-82 Nov. 1849; Aug. 1851 9 0, 9. 3. 9.e Ar. Met. Reg. IS551 35-44 6o. go.,!,, I IS52 o 6 6M 2a O I Oa........ MS. in, S. Coll. 2 47.25 70-42 50-14 26. oo 48-45 Jan. 1795; Dec. 1796 I Ii max. &mini. De W~itt. I I 3 47. I5 7o. 66 52.27 26-33 1 49. IO Jan. IS13; Dec. ISI4 2 0 7m 3a 9a Dr. Eyhts. 9 6c 4 47-13 71.65 50-09 25 -75 48.65 Jan. i820; Dec. IS25 6 o 7M 2a 9a Dr. Beach. cc i 5 47.61 70. i8 50-01 25- 83 48-4r Jan. 1826; Dec. 1849 24 0 7 Various observers. N. Yr. Univ. Syst. 18556 44~ 89 68- 71 49-98 26.94 47.63 Jan. 1850; Dec. 18521 3 o 6M 2a Ioa.... MS. in S. Coll. 7 44-58 71-j-9 48. 92 23- 53 47- IO Jan. i862; Dec. I 870 9 0 Sm 7a Various observers. Annals of the Duudley Observ'y Vol. 2. 8 ~~~55- 13 29-49 Jaln. i865; Apr. i 866 I I 7rm 23~a gas H.f M. Paine. S. 0. 9I 46-54 700.43 49-56 25.26 47-95 Jan- I795; Dec. I870 4~5 11 Various observers. Consolidated series. TO 49. I5 70-05 52.86 33-00 51.26 i845; 1848...... McHarf. Dove..1 44-98 7I-03 52.o6 30-49 49.~64 1849; IS53 2 8 j0, 9. 3a 9 9 Munger MS. in S. Coll. I2 1851 0 3 6, 2. D...... 13 1852 0 M2 O....c Ce rq 4.I 6~. I4-9~ I All T — -. T-849 Ju- I 0 - -1 I A xXT1 M i -n I.'X N 7' T T- %, 0-4- 18 Q 56 TEMPERATUR atE TABLE S. 1NEW'% YORK.~~ -— Continucd. 20. Barnesville...42038/ 74026/ 1 0~8402oo 6.2 0.68.. 304 2x. Beaver Brook.41 3~ 74 37 70 o.. 24.95 44 6 92 8I 7"0 IO7 5~ 1. 30.6 2403 22. Belleville (Union Acad.. 43 7'1 06 30 23073 20.92 2~64 48.18 56.5o (64.68 69.59 66.13 60.04 48.98 37.77 25.93 23. Beltport...40 44 72 52 15 3I.I2 30. 7~ 37.29 45-Ol 54~3 43 9I 85; 6.I 3~I 254 3 24. Beverly.,... 41 22 73 56 18o 24.79 27.94 35.25 46.89 57.55 66.87 72.37 69.05 62-34 50.76 4I.O9 I29'06 25. Blacktwell'slslandas. 40 45 73 58 29 22.31 30.64 33.67 4.69 5.0 6.876 22 6.95 43 49 30 ~~~~~~~~~~~~26.110igae4 97 8 3. 7 86 4o.7'7 5I.95 60.88 69.44 74.22 74.04 69.26 53.45 47.40 /33.93 27. Bridgewater~.. 42 52 75 I7 1286 20.64 21.89 29.88 42.29 52.98 95 64 2g ~$ ~6 I2 38 zg~~~ Brookl........ ~10 7 I5 ~ ~ ~ 74.03 77.03 74.6o 65.94 57.8I 46.26 35.38 29. Buffatlo...42 53 78 53 623 23.41 21.13 35.49 40.69 5~9 6~475 99 98 87 72 28 3o. Buffalo Barracks.42 53 78 52 660 27.00 24.62 30.85 4~o 5~6 6.66.56.r 6.7455 55 95 3I. Buffa~lo...42 53 78 52 569 24.36) 26.39 31.37 43.63 53.59 65~ 6. 85 I.I9 45 0~I 840 32. uffao... 1142 3 7852 00 2~75 26.52 32.61 43.08 53.06 64.3~ 7o.34 68.56 61.78 49.96 39.25 [28.48 33~ Bufalo 42 3 78 52600 24.72 27.49 32.05 43.12 53~I ~9 6.156~3609 89I 63.7 ~9 34. Caldwell. 43 24 73 43 301 ~ ~I~ ~I~ ~17~3a.86.~ 93 35. Cambridge (Wash: ington Co. Aced.) 43 oo 73 25 5~0 22.44 21.45 32.69 44. I9 55.99 64.82 6.86.9 5.94.63~6 2.2 36. Canajoharie(Acad.) 42 51 74 42 284 20.97 19.61 30.46 47.29 58~ 6. 7.34~636 86 90 ~8 5 37~ ananaigu(Aca) 4 55 7 I6590 3~3 21.9 3I84 4~94 55.92 65.70 69.49 66.80 57.32 47.8- 36.14 [26.68 38, Caton 443~ 75 1 304r7.94.~ %:~4 6.04. 42.65 57. i8 67.20 72.5~ 68.89 60.42 48.74 36.48 |21.15 39. Cazenovia (Aced.)4 42 55 75 51 I6 I432~5 4~7 5~96.9 6.a~. I5.~ 4~43~3.46 40. Champion ~ ~ ~ 43 57 75 41.. 11.tII3'5 2.3 4I. Charlottes.,.. 43 15 77 37 273 25.47 27.88 32.93 44.57 54~9 6~37.65 9~7 22 06 09 9 42. Chatha. 42 24 7 36 25~57 23.52 30.4~ 45.o5 56.9~ 68.7I 72.00 69.36 61'24 48. I9 4-5.57 [20.56 43~Chery~lle Acd. 2 4 74451335 22.03 21.66 30.3~ 43.64 53.84 63-48 67'68 65'58 57'82 45'81 34'36 125'34 44. Clinton (Hamilto n 43 03 75 24 I 2. 2. 3. 4~ 5~ 6. 74 93 I5 97 79 54 Coll.) 45. Clockville...43 oo 75 48 1I3o o 24. 63 28. 25 4~3 4~7 g~9 46. Clyde (nearo)..43o05 76 54 400 23-~2 27.35 30. 96 44. 77 5~5 5.I6.76~55~75.2 3~8 19 47~ Contable............ 2 62.04 68.85 64.89 60.74 48. Constantia...43 15 76 02 424,628 49. Cooperstown..42 42 74 57 13oo 27.8o I9.48 24. 73 46.5o 58.63 7[.88 7~56I 06 62 48 60 5o. Cuba...42 12 78 I8 I5O2 18.1o 22.48 28.02 04 I2.6 3 32 5I 0I 26 38 5I. Daznsville ~ ~~42 35 77 44 714 28.82 31.53 32.35 46~ 5. 62 89 8o 0.80 2I 7~5 4 52. Delhi (Delaware 42 16 74 58 11384 22.82 28'58 33.59 39~ 53 6.05 69 4.9 58 ~9 7O I4 Aced. )i 53. Depauville (1 mile north of)...I 44 06 76 06 35~1 19.246 20.76 29. 20 42.82 53.1o 64.85 69.57 66.49 6o.32 46.36 35'96f 23'72 54. East Hampton (Clin. Aced. )... 40 58 72 28 I6 3o. I3 30.75 36.36 44~ 5I 6, 9. 8.5r 6.5435.34.2 3 55. Eden (Brown Cot-. t~s~) 42 3079 07 70013.25 32.05 25.99 4~.7o 54.07~ 63.75 72.47 68.26 62.60 48.63 36'3~ 34.55 56. Ellisburg... 43 41 76 08 250 23.74 22.82133.42 48.65 57.49 64~ 61 6.9'3 87 383 65 57~ Elira 4 05 7650 86 Ig.50 26.66 32~I5 39.85 56.o9 62.8o 67.81 64.29 58-55 51.o2 33'9~/ 32'86 5 Fairfield Academy. 43 05 74~ 55i 1185 I9.73 I9.73 29.85 4~2.57 53.91 62.53 66.39 65.79 57.53 46.02 34'50 /23'98 59. Falconer... 42 05 79 Io 2~4 79 2O j4 27 II 00 6o. FishkldllLanding. 41 3~ 73 59 42 25.15 27.51 34.86 47.47 58.77 68.45 73.4c 7o.8634 5.94; 1I3.8 6I, Flatbush (Erasmus!140 39 73 58 54' 30.47 31 57 i38.35 8~4 583 75 331I3 48 5.684I~4 3 I-Iall)s 62. Flushing7 ~. ~ ~ 40 46 73 48.. 1132.57 29.12 33.80 96 23 ~5 ~7 4I.O ~0 ~8 Io 63. Fordham(St. John's 40 54 73 5~ 147 21.35 32.81 37.I ~I~ ~17~ 1 ~~ 52 3I 43 0I Coil.).. ~I 64~ Fot Ann 3 22 7 28 I40 34~5 36.o5 45.31 56.49 6o/'37 76.53 78.1f 75.1o 60.84. 45.45 42. 68[ 29.98 65. Fort Columbus.. 4o 42 74 oI 23 29.87 30.53 37.96 48.47 59.43 69.46 75.% 73.38 65'96 54.57 43'641 33'50 66. Fort Ed~ward..1 43 13 73 33 I75 25.3I 21.oo 33. I3 45.45 57.79 69.96 70.7, 67.57 60.85 49.o9 36.o6/ 27.60 I Corrected for daily variation by means of the general table. a q- 2b + 2C +Jn 9. Daily means computedi by the formula 6 where a represents an observation a little before sunrise, b one at: $~, c one at one hour after sunset, and at the morning observation on the following day. The results th~us obtained appear, on the average, to be about o~. 5 too high. a New York, Penitentiary H-ospital. TEMPERATUR a'1 UItE TABLE3 ES. 57 NEW YORK.-Conti-Cont nued. d ~~~~~~~~SERIES. EXTENT OBSEIRVING OBSERVER. ]REFE ~RENCES..CIA ~~~~~~Begins. EEnds. yrs. MOS. HOURS. r Ilrin~ —"-~-""~'"-:-~520 1450-99 i 870 0 4 7m 2a 9a big G. S. France. S. 0. 21 42-95 71'O~77 (52'~-I1 41 l ~~1 1854 0 10 C. S. Woodard. P. 0. and S. JI. Vol. I. 22 45~77 66 80 48.93 24'. 19 4-60~ jJn 80 e 8-4 9 0 2 VaVrious observers. N. Y. Univ. Syst. 185523 4 5 -55 67-36 52- 59 31.82 49-33 Aug. I857; June, I S6 2 4 1 1 7., 2m 9,, bi H. Wi. Titus. S. 0. 2446.-56 6~ 5. 22 48.66 185i; Dec. i870 I7 3 T. B. Arden. MS.. in S. Coll., P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. 0. 25 45.62 179 55.01 29-34 50-444 Jan. I85'; Nov- 1857 11 7m 2a gm Dr. W.~ W. Sanger. P. 0. and S. 1. Vol. I. 51 I.2 9 57 -670 31-85 53-08 1846 1 0 (D, 2m ( O Earle. Dove.. N k~ liV Y~~I85 27 41-72 63-04 43-84 22.07 42.267 Jan. IS33; Dec. 1837 4 aio bevr. N.Y nv yt 85 28 75.22 -6.67 ~ Aug. I849; Dec. i870 9 7m 2,, 9a big Bea & son, J. P. MS. in S. Coll. andi S. 0. Mlailler. 29 43-82 69. 66 48. 62 22-46 46. I 4 Jan. 183 1; Dec. 1832 2 0 2 Various obsjervers. N. Y. Univ. Syst. 185530 42.64 67-01 47.65 27.o6 46. o9 July, 1841; Aug. 1845 4 7 (D9, 39,,j&g Assistant Surgeon. Ay. M/et. R~eg. 185531 4.2.86 67~731 50.28 26-38 46.8i July, I859; Dec. iS67 8 6 7m 2a8 ga E. Dorr,. U. S. Lake Surveyf Bufa 1855, P 32 42-92 671 73 50-33 26i. 58 46. 89 jan. i854; Dec. 1870 12 7. 1 WIvsE.0Sai-CmtecpofBfao86,P bury. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. 0. 13 4 —79 6729 9-5 2677 46-9 Jn. 83; ec.870278 I Various observers. Consolidated series. 34 I8004 m2 a i..Srng.0 35 44.2-9 66.60 477~20 23-37.45-36 IJan. I8277; Dec. 1841 14 0 2 Vrososres.Y nv yt 85 36 45-36 67.25 48~ 54 21- 95 45-77 Jan. I S30; Decc. I35 0 299 6 37 44-57 67-33 47~ 10 23-70.45.68 Jan. i829; Dec. i838 100 H. Howe. ) c c 4 C 38 41.96 69- 53 48-55 17- 84 44-47 Aug. 1853; Aug. 1858 3 IO 7m 2a 9a E. W. Johnson. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, &~ S. Coll. 39 41-94 64-44 46-38 22- 78 43-88 IJan. 1830; Dec. 1870 27 7 2 Various observers. N. Y. Univ. Syst. i855, P- 0and S. I. Vol. I, and S. 0. 40 1844 0.2 4m 7, ~. 9 D 4.r. c~' /DY F. B3. Hlough.`MS. in S. Coll. 4I 44.o6 68.91 51-24 27-53 47-93 JuJly, 1859; Dec. i867 8 6 7. 2. 9. A. Mulligan. U. S. Lake Survey, Rep. jS67, and MS. 42 44~ 12 70~02 51.~67 23.22 47.26 1849; I854 I 11 I C. T.Chase. P. 0. & S. I. Vol. I, and S. Coll. 43 42. Jan.460 2~I 430 5" IS27; Dec. 1845 15 0 2 Various observers. N. V- Uiv- Syst-' I855. 44 43.5 L 69.23 q —9 74 24~ 82 46.82 /Jan. 1852; Mvar. i865 6 10 7m 2,9a 3 Ib'.1ot9TH P M i S.IVoS. in MI. Paine. S. Coll., and S. 0. 45 39)~35 1850 0 5 (D, 9 3. 9 Chapmlan~ S. Coll. 46 43~I3 S~6 r.21 6 2 ~I'1~0 Jan. i186i; june,iS62 I 6 71n 2a n bi M. Macktie. S. 0. 47 65.26 i851; 1853 0 r9 a9 arhl.S ol 48 i86i 0 1 7m~~~~~~~~11 2a 9a bis S. Clark. S. 0. 49 4- 2 7;'45 7'.23 2445 ~ -~ Oct i89; ec. 870 1 3 cc. Pomeroy Keese. 4C 1 50 39-88 63-11 42.64 21-39 41-76 1840; 1841 0 m1a Flct.RgnsReo. 5 I 43-8i 67-39 50~ 14 31-46 48. 20 Jan. 186i; Dec. i863 0 10 7m 2ft9a bi J, JBrown. S. 0. 524;963. 2~~ 276 59 an 88 ecI5 S. C. Johnson, D. N. Y. Univ. SYSt- 1855, and 52 4'7 6723 6.26 27.2 4-98 Jan 182; Dc. S52 3 OShepard. MS. in S. Coll. 53 14I~? 6rj97 $~55 r.24 44~21 Feb. i865; Dec. 1870 5 11 7m 2a, i H. Haas. ~ S. 0. 54 44.66 67-00 52-31 31-44 48-85 Jan. 1827; Dec. 1843 1I7 0 aiu bevr..~ nv yt s5 55 40-59 68. i6 49-18 26.62 46. r4 Mar. I856; Dec. 1857 1 I 7m 22a 9a S. &t A. S. Landon. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. 56 46. 52 67. 13 49.4S 24-36 46.87....... 0 Dove, I857. 57 42.7o 64-97 47. S2 26j-34 45-46 Jan. 1852; Oct. 1852 0 10 6, 2m 100 Various observers. MiS. in S. Coll. 58 42. i r 64 90 46.02 21.15 43- 54 Jan. 18s27; Dec, 1849 2010 2 6i 4 N. Y. Univ. Syst- 1855, and M1S. in S. Coll. 59 1854 0 3 7m 2a 9a, L. A. Lanngdon. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. 60 47-03 70-8I 52-48 27- 58 49-47 Jan. 1854; Oct. i866 IO 5 2m 2 9a big W.i H. Denning~, W. M~iS. in S. Coll., P'. 0. and S. 1. Hiarkness. Vol. I. and S. 0. 58 TEMPEPRATURE TABLES.' NEW YORK.-CContinued. NAME OF STATION. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 67. Fort Hamilton.I/ 40036/j 74002/ 2511300~06 300279 37~.41 470.59 58~-11 68~-43 [730,97 730,I7 660'43 550.02 i44~-52 33~.73 68. Fort Niagara..43 I5 79 05 263 26.7I 26.98 33.34 43.32 54-59 65-I2 70-53 69.56 6i.62 5o-49 39-75 29. 69. Fort Ontario 43 34 76 12 295 24.21 23.26 30.94 42,87 51.76 62.23 69,57 68.28 61.56 48.49 38.55 26,74 7o. Fort Porter 42 50 24.32 25.58 30.9~ 41.26 52,26 66.09 72.03 7o. I6 62.92 50.83 39-37 27.77 71. Fort Wood 40 42 7411 30.42 26. 57 36.36 45'09 55.72 67.45 73.34 71.67 63'78 55,44 42-02 32.24 72. Fredonia(Acad.). 42 26'79 2 1 715 28.37 27.75 35.i6 45.85 56. 67 65.23 70.66 68.47 6i.oi 5093 39.71 3I'~6 73. Friendship... 42 12178 io I536 15.75 29.72 27.7I 43.05 4,~95 65~9o 66. 8 6. 3 56.93 45.65 38-07 22.52 74. Gaines (Academy) 43 16 78 I5 2 74. Gaines (Academy) 423 i 7 2 5.327 2537 28-.38 34.46 46.54 54.48 62.99 71.76 66.48:59.83 47.69 35.25 28.45 7 567 21.1 24.87 31.6I 43.82 54.o9 65.78 71.89 68. o9 6i'5I 49'91 39'34 28.79 76. Germantown 42 o5 73 52 2o. 62 25.15 3411 45.6 55.o6 68 76 73. i 65~3o, 6i.1 51-45 40-70 25.82 77. Glasco.42 74 oo I526.28 30.20 4825 6920 58 28.2... 42 00 74 00 I50 31-93.2 55.20 7I.75 72.95 692 I35 5~'~ 8'8282 78. Goshen (Farmer's Hall).... 41 23 74 20 425 25.66 26.31 36.51 47.42 56.22 64.73 68,70 67.64 5976 48.81 38.79 28.oi 79. Goiiverneur - - 44 2-0 75 27 400 17.23 IS. 17 28.56 42.89 54.81 64. xz 69.7~ 66-71 56-67 45-59 33-73 20.94 So. Greenville (Acad.) 42 24 74 02.. 30.27 27.48 33.78 4o. 8 62-5i 66-78 68.88 68-72 6i73 51.26 36.96 28-13 8. Hamilton (Acad.) 42 48 75 29 1127 22.91 22.95 31.8o 45.43 54.97 63.08 67.36 65'86 58'28 45'88 35'64 26'36 82. Hamilton... 42 48 75 29 I127 21.32 26.60 3I.52 4o. 79 55.20 62.06 67.75 65. 4 58,71 49.48 35.76 25,55 83~ Hartwick (Sem.) 42 37 75 oo I IOO 24.27 25.22 33.89 44.42 56.48 65-08 68-25 66.72 58'75:48'4-6 38'II 28'I9 84. Havana.... 42 30 73 30 104I 25.13 85. Henrietta.. ~.~ 4303 77 39 6ool 29.70 28.48 38/44l 69 57 51313948 86. Hermitage. 42 45 78 16 1500 23.26 23.44 26.74 39.40 50.74 6o.57 64.49 64.3I 56.31 46.62 35.46 26.64 87. Homer (Courtland 42 38 76 ix zo96 22.90 22.51 31.12 42.40 53.93 6i.67 65.92[64.22 56.45 46.53 35.81 26.96 Acad.) 88. Houseville... 43 40 75 32 900 20.92. 21-40 28-37 38-89 51-56 64-97 69. I6 65.I8 57.79 46.81 34.28'20.24 89. Hudson (Acad.). 42 I4 73 47 15o 25.19 25.78 34.85 47.6i 58-93 67-62 7z'53 7~'06 6I'9I 50'33 38'92 28'52 go. Huntingdon 40 52 73 27 5~ 26. 29: 24. 49. 63' 65' 75, 71' 69' 54. 42. 3I. gI. Ithaca (Acad.). 42 25 76 30 4I7 27.78 27.78 34.90 46.73 57-82 65-42 70-78 68.68 6o-35 49.20 38297 31.02 92. Jamaica (Union Hall).... 40 42 73 48 30 29.34 37.64 47.25 56.96 65.7I 7I.23 70.58 62'79 5z'85 41'72 32'51 93- Jamestown... 42 o6 79 i6 lI364 20.20 24.58 32.68 43.38 57.i6 65.98 68.67 66.26 60.94 48.39 36.62 29.28 94. Jericho. 40 47 71 33 44-11 95. Johnstown (Acad.' 42 59 74 22 2250 21.27 22.14 3I.68 43 50 55.Sq 64.76 6..89 67.70 5S-i6 46-73 34-97 24.3 96. K~inderhook(Aca.) 42 22 73 23 1;5 22-90 23.32 33.74 46.30 57.26 65.44 70.I5 68.47 60.3~ 47.54 38,28 25'24 97.K~ingston (Acad.) 41, 55 74 00 I88 26.66 27.31 37. 0 4-9.37 59.53 67.22 72'76 70'93 62'29 50'54 41.02 30'90 98. La Fargeville. 44 I2 76 oo.. 26.00 32.67 32.67 42.67 58.0o 65.o0 72.00 66.33 62.00 51.33 32.67 24.00 99. Lansingburgh 42'45 73 40 30 22.67 24-83 34.34 47.00 58.67 67'48 7i'68 69'89 6i'89 49'96 38'21 26'63 (Acad.) Ioo. Ledyard (Cayuga Acad.).... 42 43 76 42 447 28,70 28. I8 36.9I 46. 59 56.`5 66.15 72,27 70.7zI 62.96 50.53 40.60 29.80 Ioi. Leroy.... 42 57 78 03... 4I'87 56'9~ 7I'50 77'20 102. Lewiston (S. H-iglh School)... 43 09 79 04 280 27.23 26.92 34.80 46.32 56.91 64.80 7I.56 69.94 6i.88 5o.-o 3970~ 29.94 Io3. Leyden.. 43 34 75 22 I312 22.76!6.oi 25.58 40.25 52.73 57.82 66.33 61.35 59.05 39.74 28,53 23.52 IO4. Liberty.... 4I 45 74 46 I474 IS. 9I 20.I3 26.71 39.95 51.59 62.62 68.79 64.34 56.63 47.84 33.95 26.32 1o5. Lima.... 42 53 77 40. 22.63 30.75 lO6. Lisle.... 42 21 76 02 53,39 1O7. Little Genesee. 42 00 78 I5 1500 22.13 23.58 28.65 43.26 52.38 65.44 68.97 64,97 58.50!45.27 35.58 24.47 io8. Lockport4... 43 09 78 44 " 24'2 27'6 33'2 40. 4 53.7 66.3 68.8 66.7 59.6 49.9 43.9 34.4 IO9. Lodlis 42 36 76 5~ I~ooo 23.43 24. 09 3o~z9 42.02 56.57 67.49[ 72.25 68.36 62.18 49,37 37.05 26.43 Ir6. Lowville (ca.) 43 47 75 3~ 847 I9.75 21.49 29.78 43.70 54.59 26 79 48 ~3 50 ~5.0 ~II. Ludlowville.. 42 33 76 35 600 28.4~ 27. 63 26.83 45.9~ 55.85 66. 68 70.73 69.28... ~I2. Luzerne ~ ~~43 I8 73 5~ 5oo.... 3i. 33 24.~o tz3. Lyons. 43 04 77 02 24.9~ 26.22 31.8o 42.64 54.73 63.o6 67.12 66.39 57.;4 49'67' 38-04 28'90 Iz4. Mclrawille..r 42 34 76 II ~45~ 9.23 30.52 25.65 35.72 5I.98 6z. I6!7o.oi 64,66 59'43 46.48 35.46 32.07 ~I5 Mdion aracs~43 57 716 04 262 21.79 23.81 32.89 44.35 54.56 64.49 69.o8 68.96 60.62 49.49 37.88 25.87 II6. Madrid..144 43 75 09 28o I6.73 I8.o6 29.62 40.39 56.53 66.62 i72.34 69. I8 59.06 4i6.49 35. Io 22.13 Daily me~~~~~~ an copue b y th2e formua/ 6where a represents an observation a little before sunrise, b one at 3,, c one at one hour after sunset, and a/ the morning observation on the following day. The results thus obtained appear, on the average, to be about 0~. 5 too high. Tr@EMP BE I~AdT Ut~E T AB LE S. HiEW' ~ORK. —E~~ C onti nlued. SERIES. EXTENt OBSERVING "~~OBSERVER. REFERENCES.'~c G egins. Ends. yrs.mos. HOURS. 67 1470.7~ 17I~.86 c;5~.32 131~.53 51~.6o Jan. 1843; Dec. 187~ 7 2 2 7m 2". 96 Assistant: Surgeon. Ar. Met. Reg. and MS. from S. G.O0. I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~Surgeon. Lake Survey, Rep. ofiI867-8. 1168 43.75 /6 68. 4o~ 50.2 27.62 457.6 Jan. 18291; Dec. IS67 231. L fmn sitn A.Mt e.I5,ad.S 69 41.86 ] 66.69 49.53 24'74 45.71 Jan. I843;` Dec. 187~ I2 I (Zr 9m1 36 9a Assistant Surgeon. Ar. Met. Regs. 1855-6o. 41.47, 69.43 5I.O4 [ 25.89 46.96 J a. I89 ec 8O m29 osmler. MCS. fr-om S. G.O0. and S. Coll, 7r 45~72 70~82 53~75 29~ 74 50~~2o 13 88 " Assistant Surgeon. Army Register. 72 45~Sg ~~~~~8. 5~ 20 4 1~4 Mar. 1829; Feb. 1864 o0 9' Various observers. N.Y~. Univ. Syst. I855, MS. in 73 3957 6577 4~ 88 2.66 43.72 Nov. I866; Nov. IS67 oil1 7m 2a9=bis G. W. Fries. S. O. 74 45.6 67.0 47~5927~40 46.81 Jan. 1839; Dec. 1842 4 o 1 Various observers. N. Y. Univ. Syst. i855. 75 43~7 65~5 50~2524~92 46.73 Flleb. 18521 AUg.18681 6 3 7m 2". 9,,his " "C c P. O,,and S. I. Vol. I, MS. in S. ColI., andc S. O. 76 4~93 9.0 gr~8 23 86 47. 24 May, I866; Macy, IS68 2 of " S.WV. Roe. S. O. 77 4455 7~30 4~98 s~8 3 48. 66 Jan. 187o; Dec. 187o o 1II " D. B. HeIndricks. " 78 46.72 ]67.02 49. I2 26. 66 47.38 Jan. I835; Dec. I849 110I o Various observers. N. Y. Univ. Syst. I855. 79 4209 6. 8445.33 tI8'78 1 43.26 Jan. 1831; Dec. I~7o 28 8 7, 2, 9".his " "5 ( N. Y. Univ. Syst. 1855 andi P. O. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. O. 80 45~~9 GSI3 4998 2863 4806 /1I826 I o] 1 EI. B. WVheeler. N.Y.~ Univ. Syst. I855. 81 44.07 I 5.43 46..60] 24.071 45.o4 Jan. 1827; Dec. I849 18o,'Vrusbevr. 82 42.5~ 64.98 47.98 24.49 44'.99 IjSept. 185o; Dec. 1852 2 4~, 6mrou 2~eves lO".crp 83 44~ 93 6~~6. 6 84 58 649 Jan. 1826; Dec. 185 o 16... N.Y`S. Univ. Syst. 1855. 84 1 ~ I ~ I j 86 O 7m 2". 9". bis E. C. Frost. S. O. gg 484~ 6709 i 0~29 9~65 48. 88 Jan. 18353 June, IS62(, J. S. Wiihitak~er, E. D. N.YV. Univ. Syst. I855,&S. S O. s;2 / 29zs ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~Ransom, A. S. Wadsworth. 86 38.96 [63.12 46. I3 24.45 43. 6 Nov. I86o; Aug. 1864 z~O 7m 2 9abis A.A. Hibberdl. S. O. 87 42~5 63~9 46. 2' 24~ z[44.2o Feb. I829; Feb. I856 t Vm'ious observers. N. Y. Univ. Syst. 1855, P. O. & S. I.Vol. I, &r MS. in S. Coll. 88 396r 6. 44 ~~ 2 20.8-11 43'3~ I849; Oct. I87~ 7 ~ 2" 9~b.;D. Y'ale. P. O. and S. I. Vol. 1, S. O., & S. Coil. 89 47I3 69 74 5~39 2~ 50 48.44 Jan. 18271 Jan. 187o g9 Various observers. N.YU. Univ. Syst. I855, 1VS. in S. Coll. and S. O. 9045.33 I70'33 55:'00 /28'67 49.84 Sept. 182I; AUS. 1822 I ~tho ogIn.... gr 464 GS~z 49~5I 28.86 48,29 Jail. 1827; Dec. 1852 too'''I'' various observers. N. Y. Univ. Syst. 1855, and MS. in S. Coil. 9247. 28 ]69. I7 52.12 [0 3o42 49.75 Jan. 1826; Dec.Is0 2 185oc i ~ I Ui.Sst 8 9344.4I [66.97 48.65 1 24.69 46.18 Jan. I852; M~ar. 1866 7 ~ 2". 9,ubs Dr. S.WV. R oe Srothers. M/S. in S. Coll. and. S. O... I1849 o I Wills. S. Coil. 4.9 2. 54.4 Ja. 82;De.84I6o'"' Various observers. N.Y~. Univ. Sy. 8. 9545. 7 7 23.82 46.8 Jan2. 75 4~4183o; Dec. 1846 17 o I ecl..... 48. 7~ 2 6.29 4964 Sept. 18 2 8; ov16 9 9l1 Various observers. N.YU. Univ. Syst. 1855,and S. O. 444 7.5 497. I13 181-2 z. q I~ o (~)~N. G Rothers P -at. Off. Rep. 9846.7 4.7 47.7 7 Jan.6 126;De.5 1852 ~ 99 146.7 69 6850.0 24 71 7~7 1Ja. I26; ec.s~z 23 o 1 Various observers. N.YT. Univ. Syst. 1855, and Reg. Rep. I " " N.Y`I. Univ. Syst. I855. I 4.6 97 I3 8s 96 a. 1854 Dc So 4 7m 2t L. F. Munger. P. O. andl S. I. Vol. I. I 46.oI 6 7 0 28.03 48. 34~ Ma/y, I83o; Dec. I849 18 8 I Various observers. N. hr. Univ. Syst. I855. I 39.52 6I8 2 420.76 4~1.1 M~ar-. I869; July, I87o I 2 7m 2=,, 9~bi~ u osre.C. Collins M~erriam. S. O. 1 39.42 652 6 4 21.55 43.o9 Jan. 1852; Apr. 1856 O I o, M i S. Coil. Iog~~~~ ~. 186 1 o 2 7m 2a 9abis Prof. S. A. Lattimer. S. O. Io6 rS~~~~~~~~~~~~I49 o I (Z)~7~ 3~9, Mitchell. S. Coil. I 41~3 6. 43 46.;5 2i. 39 44.;3 Feb. 1866; Dec. 187o 11 7m2,9~ D. Edlwards. S. O. Io8 4~43 6~29 5~I3 2~ 73 7~39 Nov. 1848; Dec. 187o 6 a J. G. Trevor, Giddings, MS. in S. Coll. and S. O. B. Wt. Clark. 42.93 6. 49.53 24.65 46.62 1849; Jan. I858 8 8 7m 2,L 9. J_. Lefterrs. P. O.&S S. I. Vol. I, & S. Coil. 42. 6 65.r 45~9 2I.5 LC.8I Jn. I87; Dc. 187 243 Various observers. N. Y. Univ. Syst. 1855, M/S. in S. Coil, &r P. O. & S. I. Vol. I. I 42.8 689 1.I. 1 869 o 8 7m 2~~ 9".bis C. P. M~urphy. S. O. 112 ~~~ ~~~~~~I87 ~ o 2 " A. M. Strong. " 113 4~0~ 6~52 ~~55 6~~7 5~95 Jan. 1861; Aug. 1862 2 81 " E.W~t. Sylvester. " r~q 3~75 6.28 4.I2 3~94 3~53 ept.1856; Sept. 1857 o II 7m 2~ 96 J.Mn/. Smith. P. O. and S. I. Vol. I.' 43-93 6~ 49.33 23.82 46. 15 Jan. 1824; Dec. I87~ S3AssatSren r e.Kg 1 42. 18 46.38 i48 1 8.97 44.35 JIan. 1849; Jan. I859 5 7 m 2". 9" E.An. Dayton. P, O. and S. I.Vol. I,&8 S. Coil. z Altitude 688 feet, according to Regents' Report. s Corrected for daily variation by means of the general table. f;Also called Townzsendvill~e and CoyerA. 6 Observations previous to 1829 not very reliable. 60 TEMPERATURE TABLES. N~qEW' YORK. —Conti inud. NrAME OF S T`ATION.. 0 Cd 1I7. Malone (Franklin Acad.). 44'50" 74'187 03' I80.24 240.48 3I~.42 450.07 53~.oI 6o~.22 660.9o 5)j~.45 550.I7 1460-92 320'85 210.22 II8. Marathon 42 25 76 02 1200 25.53 56-73 59.43 69.62 Ii9. Martinsburgh. 43 43 75 28.. 50-30 55.6 64-93 120. Mexico (Acad.). 43 27 76 I4 33I 22.90 23.39 30.88 4I.93 52.23 62.84 66.89 65.86 58.63 46~40 34.78 2595 I2I. Middlebury(Aca.) 42 48 78 08 800 26.27 26.28 33.96 45.59 56.0o 63-89 68 75 66.91 59-14 48-00 37.22 29.17 I22. Mvilo... - 42 39 77 oI 868 28.53 21.25 25.43 44.38 55.I4 66.I2 6S.74 67.09 61.24 45.96 35.44 27.71 I23. Millville (kcad.i 43 Io 78 20 600 26.00 26.36 32.28 45.55 54.69 63.23 68.24'67.73 59.50 46.63 37.76 28.99 I24. Minaville... 42 54 74 I5 i 20.44 I6.93 25.70 42.40 57.02 68.64 73.52 69.92 61.28 46.67 34.08 20.92 125. Mohawk 43 00 75 02 435 20.87 22.69 28.04 42.33 54.89 64.59 69.64 67.73 58.77 47.93 36.87 23.12 I26. Montgomery((Aca.) 41 32 74 I3 300 25.36 27.02 36.63 47.63 58.36 65 98 72.34 7o.3i 62.5I 49.23 39.47 29.03 127. Moriches2... 40 47 72 48 I3 3o.8I 33.49 38.39 49.14 58.45 69.07 74.40 72.86 66.60 54.27 44.24 34.io I28. Morley.. 44 40 75 00 18.87 I9.58 25-01 6S.05 7I-17 68~70 56-33 42.20 38-33 I7.59 129. Morrisania (F~air- 4 5~ 735 o0249 28.72 32.27 I46. oo 57.S2 7o..39 75.77 74. 75 67.31 55'5t 43'24 374 mount Inst.) 13o. Mt. Pleasant(Aca.) 4I 03 73 52 125'27.96 29.39 38.04 48.34 57.87 67.68 71.40 71.12 62.49 5o. 63 40.29 30.24 I31. Newark Valley 44 20 76 30 24. I4 20.69 27.'05 4I-77 54.65 65 52 7~.80 66.45 58.74 45.22 35.03 26.43 132. Newburgh(Acad.) 41 3I 74 00 74 28'29 27'60 36'I3 48'27 59.02 68.21 72 75 71.o5 64.20 52-52 42.03 29.81 133. New York... 40 42 74 OI 56 25.25 27.27 3875 49.32 65.97 80.37 81.o 5 80.82 67.IO 54.27 40.1O 36.50 335~ New ~J~ork 40 42 74Y Ok 56 3~20 30'80 3A'50 49'I~ 59'60 69.I~ 74'90 73'3o 65'90 54-30 43 135. New York (D. 8 40 5~ 73 56 25 30.52 31.o4 37.49 48.45 58.85 69.74 75,~4 73.07 65.54 53-69 44.38 34.23 D. Inst. ) 136. New York (U. S. Nay. Hosp.) 40 41 73 57 56 29.61 31.39 37.91 48.70 58.68 70.43 75.07 73.20 65.31 53.94 44.42 33.1I I37. New York3..40 45 73 58 42 28.83 31.86 37.28 49.29 58.74 7o. I5 75.30 73.39 65.49 53.50 43.47 3I.92 138. New York4... 40 45 73 58 42 29.78 3I.41 37.63 48.78 58.76 69.69 75.06 73.28 65.59 53-7I 46-25 33.I6 139. Nichols. 42 01 76 28 800 24.22 26.10 32.52 44-14 55 79 65-47 69.81 67113 59.65 47-89 37-86 28'23 I40. North Argyle. 43 IS 73 30 290 44.30 60.30 65.70 70.98 6.9 go 14I. North Granville 43 23 73 I7 250 31 2o67 20.09 31.29 43.63 56.I5 66.50 70-82 68.28 58.72 47-70 35.8q 24- 79 (Acad.) 142. North Hammond. 44 23 75 45..- 19.8 I 19.56 27. i2 42.1o 56.62 68.70 73.19 69.77 62.28 49-53 36.18 22.01 -9~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~3.8 272.Oal2 143. North Nassau 42 32 73 38 2364.98 43295 65.50 7019 65~ 3 57.69 46.65 3945.73 I441 North20 73 34 36S 26.55 26.~7 35.55 46. I2 56.7o 66.07 71.7 1 69.00 60.65 4%67 39.1I 28.69 I45. North Volney. 43 20 76 2S' 27.34 2I.1o 29.62 42.20 58.54 67.00 72.31 68.36 61.54 47-54 35.87 25'92 I46. Oaklands... 42 53 74 31 4go 28.49 27.69 36.32 37.68 53.37 68.00 72.80 68.50 6o. 65 49.28 45.40 28.95 147. Ogdensburgh 44 40 75 28 232 20.08 20.20 30.51 40.05 52.95 64.45 68.68 67.92 57.65 48.51 39.36 22.88 (Acad.) I48. Onieida.o.. j 43 04 75 38 500 23.33 24.32 30.45 44.66 55.70 65.37 70.~4 167.69 60.77 48.39 37.82 27.I2 149. Onondaga (Acad.) 42 56 76S 1260 25.28 25.67 33.8I 145.97 58.~I 65 49 68'91 68.05 59.75 48.26 36'54 29'12 15o. Oswego. 43 25 76 34 232 24.12 25.43 31.32 42. Io 52.88 63.I5 69.57 68. Io 6i.28 49.74 40.40 28.05 15I. Ovid (Seneca Coll. Inst. ).... 42 41 76 52 800 20.33 25.25 26.35 41.53 53.26 65.o8 72.70 68.78 61.77 47.85 38.61 29.08;52. Oxford (Acad.). 42 23 75 40 96 22.90 23.59 3~.98 43.98 55.33 63.44 67'98 65.8I 58. Y S 46i5 35~ 9 26.og 53- Oyster Bay(Acad.) 40 52 73 32 5~ 27.48 34.I4 38.94 49.31 57.58 67.17 72.57 7o.30, 64.02 54.00 43.27 33.96 154. Palermo 43 20 76 16 327 2o.84 21.99 28.01 42.23 53.76 64.40 69.19 66.72 58.4- 46.65 36.10 24.55 155. Palmyra ~ ~ ~ 43 04 77 I3 466 23.85 25.06 34.92 45.78 57.78 67.00 69.46 67.26 6o.04 48.00 39.63 29.I7 156. Penn Yah... 42 42 77 04 740 25.60 25.54 33.40 44.I6 55.28 64.42 69.22 66.8r 59.4S 47.88 38.22 28.44 157. Perry City.,. 42 27 76 47 8oo I58~Plaiville 43 76 16..33.86 32'55 28'76 37.07 5i.97 62.7I, 66.94 63.95.... I59. Plattsburgh~(Acad.I 44 41 73 26 I86' 18.68 19. 54i 28.5I 41.52 54.76 64.34 61J.73 66.90 59.0 oI 4t[.9 35.45 23.I5 and BarracksG) I60 Poipe (Aad.. 2 5 962 3oo 21.43 21.75 29-28 4~.80 52.33 6I.65 65.95 64.29 55.55 44.46 132.71 24.07 a +t 21' +- 2e + a' Daily means computed by the formula 6 ~ where a represents anl observation a little before sunrise, Ei one at 3,, c one at one hour a~fter sunset, and a' the morning observation on the following day. The results thus obtained appear, on the average, to be about o~.5 too high. ~- Also called BrooKhaven. TEMPERATURE TABLESs. 61 NEW YORK.-Conti —o l~t nued. 4. SE RIES. E=XTENTIT OBSERVING ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~OBSERVER. REFER.ENCES. & G~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~egins. Ends. yrs.mos. HOURS. 1-17 )43'-17 [640-19 4~40~98 2I0-3I 43 41r Jan. 1839; Dec. I842 3 0 1 Varios obsrvers N. V Univ S.st I 55 118 I 863 0 4 7. 2. 9. bis L. Swift. S. 0. V Uni. Sst. 855 Iiq I 844 7m 9m iN- ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~Dr. F. ]B. H-ough1. MS. in S. Coll. 120 4I1.68 65.'20 46.60 23- 75 44-31 IJan. 1837; Jan. 1857 I4 II ",7 Various observers. N. Y. Univ. Ss.15,M~i 2 27.24 46- 77 44 94 s~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. Coll., & rP. 0. &i S. I. Vol. 1. 121 45- i8 66.i 5 48 2~24127 Jan. IS26; Dec. 1848 I 9 N. Y. Univ. Syst. 1855122 4I.65 67-32 47- 55 25- 83 45- 59 May, i869; Dec. 1870 1 7M 2a. 9a bis G, D, Baiter. S. 0. 123 44-1~7 66.40 47-96 27. I2 46-4I IJan. 1840; Dec. I847 8 O I Various observers. N. Y. Univ. Syst. 1855I24 41-7I 7o. 69 47-34 19-43 44~ 80 July, i867; Dec. 1870 3 6 7 t absJ.Bsig.0 125 4I.75 73 47-8 22 47 June, i86o; Mar. iS69 67 3 86 2.2 4499 horly J. Lewis, M.D S. Coll 126 47-54 69-54 50-40 27- I4 4S. 66 Jan. IS28; Dec. I S42 I3h~l.~ eis I1.S el 1 3 0 ~~Various observers. N. Y. Univ. Syst. IS55127 48.66 1 72.11 55-04 32.80 52.15 Mar. i864; Dec. 187o 6 9 7. 2. ~ bi E.A. Smith & daug h~ter. S. 0. 128 69-3r 45-62 iS.68 1849; I850 0 10 (Or 9..3 9....... S' Coll. 129 45-36 73.64 55 35 30-38 51-IS Janl. 1856; Jan. 185S 1 7 7. 2a z, J. S. Norton, J. Zaep- P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. ffel. 130 4808 70.7 5I-I 29.2 49.621 Jan.IS31;JulY, S49 13 1 1 Various observers. N. Y. Univ. Syst - IS 55, &L S - Coll - I3I 4I~i6 67- 59 46-33 23- 75 44.7 II Mar. 6S68; Dec. i870 27 7 I-2 47-81 7o. 67 52.92 28-57 49. 1n 88;DcI802 Various observers. N T nv yt 85 S in S. Coll., and S. 0. 133 5I-35 80. 75 53-82 29.67 53-90 May, I782; JuncI78 2.... De La Lerve. COU6.. 134~ 49~o07 72-43 54-57 pr.63 51.92......... De. I7 Pat. Off. Rep. 135 48.26 72.62 54-54 31-93 5i.83 Ja.i4;Dc S02 7M 2,9a bis Prof. N.~.'iiorris. MS. in S. Coll., P. 0. and S. 1. Vol. I, and S. 0. 136 48-43 72.90 54-56 3I-37 5I.8I IS49; Sept. I870 I2 0 0, 9m 3, o, T. L. Smith. S. 0. I37 48-44 72.95 54-15 30-87 5i.6o Jan. 1854; June, i81-,o 8 7 7m 2a gai Various observers. P. 0. and S. I, Vol. I, and S. 0. I38 48-39 72.68 55-18 31I~4-5 51.92 jail. 1844; D~ec. I870 21I 549 Consolidated series. I39 44-15 67-47 48-47 26.iS 46-57 Jan. I857; Dec. i870 I4 0 7. 2, 9i, 1 R. Howell. MS. in:). Coll., P. 0. and S. I. Vol. 1, and S. 0. I40 68-53 i86184 0.M ut.0 141 43.69 68.53 47-44 2;-s5 45'.38 Ja~n. 1835; Dec. 1849 14 0. Ci. ParkerE. T..'Y nv ys.I85 Mack. 142 41-95 70-55 49-33 20.25 45-52 June, iS66; Dec. IS70 4 7 71n 2 a 9a bs C A.Woote. S. 0.ll I43 66.94 47-93 24-87 1850; I85I )., a9,Bl.S ol I44 46-12 68.93 49-SI 27-10 47-99;Jan. IS29; Jan. 1857 22 III-~~-~ - Various observers. N. YI. Univ. Syst. 1855, R~ O. and S. I. Vol. I, MS. in S. Coll. I45 43-45 69. 22 48. 32 24. 79 46-45 Mar. i868; Dec- I870 24 a9 Ir46 42-46 69 2 0 283 q.o189 Ig z l t,9 bis J. M1. Patrick. SF. 0. -77 51-78 28-38 48-10 1849; 1850.............. ~Observations, N. Y. State Agr. 147 41-17 67-02 48-5I 21-05 44-44 1 Jan. IS38; Dec.1852 I ~~Society, 1850 (P. 43). I47 4I~r7/ 67.02 4~5I 2I.05 ~14~44 / an. IS3S; Dec. I852 3 S Prof. J. H. Coffin, N. Y. Univ. Syst- 1855, MS- in Gr~iest. S. Coll. I48 43.6o 67-73 48-99 24-92 1146-3I Jan. iS62; Dec. I87o 8 9 7 21, 9a Ws Dr. S. Spooner. S. 0. 149 45-9.3 67-48 48-18 26.69 47-07 Jan. 1826; Dec. I844 i6 I Various observers. N. Y. Univ. Syst. 1855150 42.io 66.94 50-47 25-87 4 6.35 July, IS49; Dec. 1870 IS 7 7. 2a 9. bi s J. S. II art, W. S. P. 0.andl S. I. Vol. IS. O., and Malcom. S. Coll. I51 40-38 6S.S5 49-41 24-89 45-88' Nov. I1855; Jan. 1858 2 3 7. 2'~, J. W. Cbickering. P. 0. an d S. 1:. Vol. I. I52 43-76 65-74 46-78 24-19 45-12 Jan. 1828; Dec. 1852 2I 8 Various observers. Nu. Y. Univ. Syst- 1855, and MS. in S5. Coll. I53 48.6I 70-01 53~'76 31.86 5i.o6 Jan. 1834; Dec. 1837 2 0 1 G. B. Docharty, N. N. Y. Univ. Syst. I55H~. W~ells. 154 41-3~3 66-77 47-i6 22-46 44-43 Jan. i86o; Dec. 1870 IO II 7. 2, 9. 3i E. B. Bartlett. S. 0. 155 46.i6 67-91 49.22 26.03 47-33 Jan. I 835 5 Sept.iS65:2 7 J. F., Cogswell, S. N. V.Univ. Syst. 1855, S- O-, Hyde. and S. Coll. TEMPERATUI~E TABLES. ~lfllV ~ORK. —Continued. - o o NAME OF STATION. ~ ~ ~0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I._~I'g m 2; m mJ..... r6I. Pompey Hill~ ~ 42052/ 76009/ I737 5~.07 65~.55 69~.82 162. Potsdam (St. Lawr.;7 Acad.~.. 44 4~ 75 oI $ 3941/I8~.4x I8~.78 29o.96 43~.75 55.o3 63.96 8 68.39 66 5 ~'37 44~ 9 33o.72 22~.1I 163. Poughl~eepsie (i)ui~ ~; chess Acad.).. 41 40 ] 73 55.. 26.29 27.27 36.26 49.92 59.8I 68.39 73.60 72.24 64.ox 52.Ol 41.5I 30.78 164. Poughlceepsie.. 41 42.. 39. I4.. 55.83.. 75.27...... 73 56 [.. II I65. Prattsburgh (Franklin Acad.) 42 34 77 20 /1494// 24.47 24.6i 32.99 46. x5 52.88 61.28 66.77 65.86 57.47 45.9'3 35.2I 28. I9 i66. Red Hook(Acad.) 4I 58 73 52 /" // 24.66 26.06 35.83 49. I4 58.00 66.98 71.88 68.64 61.6I 5o.4I 39.59 27.58 167. Rochester... 43 o8 25'9I 32'73 45'2I 56.23 65.63 7o.38 68. Io 6o.43 48.53 38.o9 27.97 77 40 t 5~6~1 25'49 168. Rockland (Female Inst.).... 4I 09 74 oo ~ 8I 34.75 37. Io 51.78 59.55 I69. Rouse's Point. / 44 59 I8.9I 29.21 40.23 54.66 64.63 68.89 66.81 57'59 46.45 36.53 21.74 732~I~17/ ~do~ 17o. Sackett's Harbor. 43 S S 76 o712661[ ~4 24.14 30.36 43.64 54.37 65.20 70,06 70.26 61.56 50.07 40.77 25.87 i7i. Sag Harbor 41 oo 72 18! 4~1/ 3I-~~ 31.88 33.69 45.97 56.79 68.40 73.73 7~.86 65.4I 55.55 44,73 34.38 I72. Salem (WasIt. ]kc.i 73 20 /'- / 22.42 22.75 32.57 45.65 57.03 65.94 43 69.29 69.55 60.06 46.63 38.55 28.3i 09 I73. Saratoga. 43 04 73 47 ~96oI I9.74 29.66 29.70 41.4I 56. I7 64.68 72.3~ 69.90 60.83 47.31 37.96 26.29 174. Schenectady(Ac.i 42 47 73 57 | 30011 22-09 21.79 30.43 44.58 59.05 66.67 7o.I5 68.09 59.84 47.o9 37.54 29.22'~ I75. Seneca Fails.. 42 54 76 5~ | 463l 25.72 28.54 32.31 42.69 55.58 66.21 7I.o8 68.5I 6z. I7 51.76 33.31 23.89 176. Sennerr.... 42 57 76 32 1.. / 40'07.... 3~.5o 46'65 54.7~ 65.98 64.95 65.8o 65.48 x77 Sherburne 4240 75 31 1.. / 34.20 38.68 46.53 59-3I 70.35 74.40 70.54 64.95 5;.'I4 4~;.97 32.24 178. Sing Sing.... 4I 09 73 52 / 125// 32'34 179. Skaneateles. ~ 23.55 42 55 76 26 /9321/ 27.~6 3~.02 43.~7 53.4I 63.09 67.88 65.~8 60.72 47.27 37. I8 26.~q I8o. Sionneville... 42 4I 74 3I /" I/ 27'97 24.95 24.25 42.18 55.00 I81. Smithville... 43 52 76 86o 42.08 52.4~ 63.57 7o.71 6i.7o 6o.04 4i.;9 4o.~4 22.6I o6/3ooj[ 2 38 x82. Somerville.441o 22.81 26.87 40.80 54.41 67.66 71.98 68.49 60.20 48.54 37.16 I8.o4 I83. South Alabama. 43 03 34.57 33.6~ I84. South Edmeston is ii[4 2/ as. 42 2i. I3 26'77 3;.;0 44.88 54.79 66.57 70.25 67.29 54.09 5o.66 41.78 23. I2 I85. South Hartford. 43 4~ 73 25 5oo/ 2o.81 24.4I 32.09 47.80 59. II 70.52 74.85 7~.94 63.45 50.25 38.96 25.52 186. South Trenton 75 I5 835 | I9. Io 21.o8 2g.97 39.oi 51.66 66.06 69.29 65.38 6o.39 45.27 43 34.28 22.90 I87. Spencertown (Ac.i 42 73 41 75~ 18.31 24'42 28.14 43.54 53.00 64.47 72.54 67. I1 60.74 48.55 37.14 25.o9 I88. Springville (Acad.) I 42 78 42 5001 24.88 25.95 30.'75 45.45 53.I4 61.62 67.5I 64. I8 57.6I 46.23 37.5~ 28.4I I89. Stapleton(Stat. Isl.) 40 74 o4t 5~1/ 27.13 25.oo.. 57.0o 45.o5 3o.5~ I9o. Suffern. ~ 4I 74 08.'. [ 33.:~8 19I. Syracuse(Acac[.). 70' 14140711 24.~5 26.62 32.:25 42.4I 55.5~ 65.58 7o. 82 68.6o 6[.38 5o.44 36.36 29.95 I92. Theresa... 143! 44 2o. 17 27.,39 41.92 75 48 I 36511 15.59 54.68 64.20 68.51 67.46 58.96 45.23 35.38 23.94 193. Throgg'sNeclc ~ 4o 30.34 34.!)5 47.71 57.39 68.59 73.72 72.05 65.82 53.00 42.89 31.11 194. Troy (Rensselaer Inst.).... 7347 1441[ 28.41 42 73 33.I 44.92 41/ 58/j 22.16 25.3I ~5 57.26 68..oi 73.80 7I.o6 61.69 50.63' 39.76 26.71 I95. Union Springs. 42 76 I4I 40011 65.22 196. Utica.... 43 =42 32.43 4i.2o 56.68 64.67 69.28 67.57 59.58 48.58 36.83 26.56 t 4= tt I97. Wales.... 42 198. Wampsville.. 43 // 7548 500 2;.72 24.~2 3o.531 49.84 42.66 55.98 64.6I 70.29 66.;2 59.45 47.87 38. o5 25.57 I99. marsaw... 42 78 IO [.. I1 38.73 45.73 54.85 200. Waterbury... 6i.~I 69.36 6i.;3 5~.;3 4i.;3 33.I4 42 2i.22 76 45 800 2i.4o 22.73 24.41 43.46 54.89 2oI. Waterford... 42 73 43 [ 7~1/ 21.97 24.63 3I.~8 44.89 56.36 6~.37 71.31 68.63 62.05 49.7I 38.3~ 25.95 202. Watertown... 43 75 54/ 2681/ i2.87 19. i2 25.71 46.05 54.3i 64.84 72.79 67.64 62.93 48.43 35.76 i7.69 203. Waterville... 42 75 25 /I223// 25.~4 26.~3 29.7~ 39.27 49.8i 66.37 69.91 67.28 57.35 44.99 44. I7 24.29 204. WatervlietArsenal 42 73 50[ 5ol[ 23.27 23.84 34.02 45.98 59.08 68..62 74. o0 7I.I4 62.o0 49.5~ 38.95 27.26 205. Waverty ~, ~ 42 78 59 /I3~~t} 3~.00 206. Wellsville... 42 78~~/I48~H 21-;7 26'93 29.51 39.74 50.23 63.57 7;.'I9 65.59 59.6t 46.2o 37.'I4 34.20 207. West Day. 43 74 08 112oo// 208. West Poin~ (Mili~ 4I 73 s7/~671/2g~8 29'10 42'60 51'9~ 68.80 70,30 67.O0 59.40 50.00 ~9~o 37.85 49.27 60.68 69.64 74.51 72.57 65.10 54.26 42.96 32.49 taW Acad. ) 209. White Plains.. 41 73 46.. 27.5I 29.65 34.40 47.56 57.00 67.38 70.92 69.97 63.04 52.28 42.81 3I.o5 2Io. Whitestown (Oneida Inst. of Science, and Ind.)... 43 75 20 824 I9.68 20.85 29.12 43.74 56.48 64.53 71.4I 65.99 58.5~ 47.o9 34.57 23.97 211. Wilson.... 43 26.88 31.o6 42.6i 54.56 64.16 71.38 7o. 51 60.47 48.93 38.60 29.82 212. Youngs~)ilte ~ ~ 78 50 i2o5oO/ 26.55 4I 74 55 I5.o8 31.28 29.48 37.22 52. I6 6~.34 68.36 66.02 57.56 44.96 36.5~ 24.26 Ct'4- 2~'q- 2C -1 — C~! Daily means computed by the formula 6 where a represents an observation a little before sunrise, ~ one at 38, c one at one hour after sunset, and a! the morning observation on the following day. The results thus obtained appear, on the average, to be about o~.5 too high. TE~ M P ERnAT:URnE: T ABaL ES. 63 NE W'~ ~ORKE~. —Co ntin~ued. I~ ~~~~~~- Begins. Ends. yrs.mos. HOURS. 16 ~ ~ I 1/...856 3 7m 2a. 9a J. F. I(endall. P. O. and S. I. Vol. I. 162 1420.9 1 66~.37 1450.36 19~.77 43~.60 Jan. 1828; Dec. 1848 21 o 1 Various observers. N.Y'I. Univ. Syst. I855. t163 48..66 71.41 52.51 28. II 5o.IP 17Feb. I828; Apr. I87o I8 I64 1 ~~ i ~ I ~~ I ~ II ~~ 111849 o 7m 9~m 13``9`` Warring. IS. Coll. 1165 4~4. Ol 64.'64 46.20 25.76 45. I5 Jan. 1829; Dec. 1846 XO 1 Various observers. N.Y.~ Univ. Syst. 185~5 1166 47.66 69. 17 50. 54 26.1o 48.37 Jan. I83O; Dec. 1842 12'6744~2 6.0449~2 /26.6 4.06 ya ig3o; Dec. 187o 38 2... r. PO. and S. I. Vol: I, S. O., MS. in S. Coll, Reg. Rep., & ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~N.Y~. Univ. Syst. 1855. [168 49.48 1.I. ~I. I 869 o 7, 2`` 9` bid C. De La Verny. S.O0. 1 4.1.37 66.78 46.86 I9.56 451.64 M/ar. 1845; Sept. 1862 8 2 John Bratt. MS. in S. Coil. &L MS. from S. G. O. //I6 42. 79 68.51 5o. 8o 23.72 46.45 Aug. 1849; Dec. 1867 8 Io 7ru2` 9`` H. Metcalf, Platt. U. S. Lake Survey, Rev. of I867-68 and S. Coll. I71 "~~~~~~~~~~~~ E. N. Byram. P. O. and S. I. Vol. I, & S. Coil. 172 5~0868. 26 48.4I 24.49 46.56 Jan. 1828; Dec. I847 //73 42.43 68.96 48.7~ 25.23 46.33 Dec. I856; Jan. I858 I 7m. 2`` 9`` W. H. Riker. P.O0. and S. I. Vol. 1. /I74 44.69 68.30 4~8.16 24.-37 46.38 Jan. 1829; Dec. I864 1 Various observers. N.YU. Univ. Syst. I855, &e S. O. tt75 43.53 68.60 48. 75 26.05 46'.73 I849; July, I864'I 7m 2`` 9` bis P. Cowing, Fairchild. S. Coil. and S. O. 1I76.. 857 O 7m 28 a 9~ H. ]. Fellows. P. O. and S. I. Vol. I. 11t7 4i.;5 6S5.5 1865 I o 7m 2`` 9` bJid Rev. J. R. Haswell. S. O. //78 48. I7 7I'76 54.35 32.93 5I".8o Mar. I849; 1 852 2 C, 9m 3a, 9`` Mannie. S. Coll. t~I9 42. I7~ 65.38 48.39 25'62 45.39 Jan. I86I; Dec. I867 7,,,, 2a 9``bis Wm.MP. BeauchaEmp3. S. O. r 40.48 M1ay, I868; Jan. I87jO " G.W~. P-otter. " I 41.o3 67.33 49.26 2[.'67 44:.~2 Mar. I849; May, 1856 4 7m 2`` 9` J. E. Breed.`MS. in S. Coll.,and P.O0. and S. I. Vol. I. [[~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~I3 3 r 9m 3``9`` Hough. S. Coil. and Reg. Rep. 182 40~69 69~35 48~63 I9~79 44~62 I819; 1852 ~~~~ 2 Bernie. S. Coll. /)84 43.69 68. o4 48. 84 24.34 (1461.23 /1 I85o; 1853 I1 ( Badly ~II8 46. 33 72.44 50.89 23.58 48:.31 Aug. I863; Dec. 187o 7 ~ 2`` 9~i, G.. Ingalsbe. S. O. /I86 38./58 66.91 46.65 21.~3 (143.37!Feb. 1865' Dec.IS 0 4 71187 9 Vrou " C ap tr P.S0. BarrS.I.ows. S. zs7 qr.5668.04 48.81 22.61 45.25 July, I854; June, aI 4 7 89 a i u bsres..ad.I.Vl,.On MS. in S. Coll. 1I88 43.11 64.44 47.11 26.4r 45.27 Jan. I83o; Dec. I85o I i' I.. Ui. Ss. 8 H19.. 27.54 Oct. 1867; Feb. I868 7m1 2, 9, bis S. L. Hillier. S. O. 190 ~~~ ~ ~ ~~~~~I863 o L "~.H. WVarren. "' 4 ~39 68 33 49.39 26.91 47.00 Jan. I183; Dec. 1852 3 6,~ 2, lO, L. WT. Conkey, Dru- N.YU. Univ. Syst. 1855 and S. more. Coi~l. /192 1'41.23 66.72 46. 52 I9.9o 43.59 M~ar. 186I; Feb. I866 7, I, 9`` S. O. Gregory. O I 46. 68 71.45 53.9~ 29.95 50.5~ (Dec. 1863; Dec. I87O 6 7m12``9``bis F. Morris. "" t ]1~941 45.34 70.96 50.69 24.73 47.93 Jan. I854; Dec. 1868 6 " aiu bevr. P.. adS. I. ol. IadS. O. 1195 186 1 o " JS le.SO I96 44~7 67~I ~1~8~3 24. 7 46.25/J~an. I3263 Dc.I87027 2 1 1 Various ~beeryere. N- Y' Univ' Syst. 1855, S. C~11., Am. Aim. I843, Reg. Rep., S. O., and P. O). anid S. I. Vol. I. I97 ( ~~.I ~~ ~~ ~ ~~1 ~ ~/ ~ )854 o 7m Cm'penter. S. O. [Ix 4298 67.11 48.46 2i.87 4i.6o Jan. 1854; Dec. 1861 6 o 7m1 2`` 9,bis9 Dr. S. Spooner. P.O0. and S. I. Vol. I, andiS. O. H1946.44 ~ ~. 1865 o " 1'~~J.P. M\orse. S. O. t ~o40.92 66.;3 45.~40.24.~45 44.;3 Jaln. 1869; Oct. I87o ~. T obidg." ]2ox 44.P1 68.77 50.02 24.18 46.77 Jan. 1856; May, 1863 6 " J.. Hrousde. PO nS.Vl,ad.O 1202 42.02 68.42 49.04 16.56 44.O 1 I856 I 7m 2`` 9`` Dr. P. O. Wiilliam~s. P. O. and S. I. Vol. I. 1203 39.61 67.85 48.84 25.12 45.35 1849; 1851 I (])r 9m 3, 9= Lower. S. Coll..112 0 46.36 71.25 5o. 15 24.:79 48.14 Jan. 1824; Dec. I854 3~ 7m 2`` 9`` Assistant Surgeon. Ar. Met. Reg. 1855. I2O5 1861 o " W. Flint, J. Curries. S. O. 12o6 39.83 66.78 47.66 27.53 45.45 Jan. I857; Apr. 1858 < I. he-r 0 n. o. 12o7 41.2o 68.7~. I. I 858 o ( ~ N.'G,, J. M. Young. MS. in S. Coil. 2 49.27 72.24 54.11 30.26 5[.47 Jan. 1824; Dec. 187~ 46 7m 2`` 9= Assistant Surgeon. Ar. Met. Reg. I855, and MS. fr-om S. G. O. 209 46. 32 69.42 52.71 29.40 49.46 Jan. 1854; Dec. 187o 8 9 7m 2`` 911 is rf.R i~sS.adS e Jenktins. t121o 43.1~ 67.3I 46.72 21.5o 44. 66 Jan. 1834; Dee. I84o o 1 Various ob~servers. N. Y. Univ. Syst. 1855. 2II -2~7 68.8 149.33 27.75 47.~3 Jan. 186o; Dec. 1864 4 2 9.~ is r.S oms.O I 2239.62 65.24 46. 34 23.54 43.69.......... 3amam ~. Corrected for daily variation by means of the general table. 64: TEMPERATURE TABLES. NORTH CAROLINA. ~X~AME OF STATION, ~ ~ ~_q ~ ~ c~'~..~ II ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~..................,... 3 o33, 2o3o, j22oo139. t, o4, 3o96 2o4o ooo 3 o.3, ~. ^~w~y~n.. 35~ 8o 4,.so 46.76 s6.75 63.66 ~1.64 77.4~ 75.1 69. 8 s6.,s ~4.9: 3s.97 3. Beaufort.... 34 43 76 47.54 51.68 56'23 67'72.oc 78.02 83. 74.,o 62.34 56.5: 5o. I5 4. Bethmont 36 79 35.34 42.36 5o. I4 59. I7 6~.5c 71.8o 7I. o 65. ~o 49.;o 48.5~ 42.75 5. Chapel Hill'(U[fivl 35 58 78 44.96 49.84 59.3t 67.39 7.7c, 78.38 76. 2 7~.;4 59.,o SO.& 43.4o ofN. C.) i 6. Davidson College. 35 3~ 80 41.42 48.oI 58.30 66,56 77.57 8o. ~ 64.,4 57.'3 45.4~ 43.20 7. Fort Johnston.. ~.9: 33 55 78 ot I 20[ 491xo / 5~'58 56'39 64.26 73.04;.oc 8~.64 80. 76.'9 67. I3 59.2( 52-29 8. FortMacon... 3442 49.97 59.97 68.95 7.2; 80.02 79'4 74';4 64'i8 56'5i 48.o9 76 4o[2o![ 44.;2 [ 43.95 9' Gaston (or Green Plains).... 36287738 Io. Goldsboro'... 35 25 77 5t IO2 4t.38 6o. I6,9 8I.I9 2.66 5o. 41 43.73 II. Jackson. 36 2o 77 25 4I.o6 58.5~ It36 79.3I 49.0: 25.92 x2. Kenansville'(l~reb~.~ 34 58 77 5~'6o 57.46 78.66 46.3~I 8.75 47.~: 39.53 ster Inst. ) ~3. Lake Scuppernong. 35 5~ 76 18 25 4T.: 54.74 78.5~ 8.54 5t.2( 45.78 I4. Marlborough,70 ~ ~ 35 36 77 3~ 48. II / 62.33 x5. Morgantown.. 3549 81 32 [35 38.79 54.62',7 80.04 o v 4 17. Murfi'eesboro'.. 36 26 77 ox 40.74 57'02. 77.34 8.6t 49. I5 t8. Oxford.... 36 22 78 29 38.87 57'5~ 79.97 9.99 46.57 19. Raleigh.... ool/ 35 48 78 38 3171/ 37.84 55'x5 79.75 2. Io 49. x8 20. Rutherfordton ~ 35 24 81 48 800][ i 74-35 9.85 52.07 2t. Scuppernong ~ ~ ~ 35 5~ 76 I8 20 6~.89.4 79. I5 1.65 22. Statesville... 35 49 80 46 34.i~I 54.67.o 77. I4 4.62 41.34 23. Thornbury... 36 2o 77 2I 41.47 59.22.i 79.53 46.72 24. Trinity College.. 35 45 79 4c 40o 40.4o 57.23 25. Warrenton... 36 24 78 02 42.0o 55'00.5 78.35 7.43 48.56 26. Westminster... 36 o2 79 52.8 78.42 27. Wilson. ~ 81.33 ~ ~ 35 45 77 47 Io5/I 6i.5~ 3.55 5[.~~ OHIO. i. Athens.... 23.62 34.00 43.95 5o. 3~ 71.6t 75.71 71.74 64.69 40.79 2. Austinburgh'.. 22.33 26.23 30.33 43.6 67.ot 72.55 69.75 64.67 38.57 3. Avon..... 3I.IO 45 7( 45 72 64.72 72.92 70.38 62.05 aO. 74 4. Bellefontaine.. 24.89 36 61 48 89 71.38 75.80 70.65 64.45 39.28 5. Bethel.... 26.89 38 2', 5~ 77 69.25 74. t4 70.48 63.36 39.76 6. Bowling Green. 28.97 35 8~ 48 9x 69. I4 7o.~o 62.89 40.44 7. Brecksville... 24.43........ 42.4I 8. Carthagena.... 7o-79 43.48 9. Chilicothe... 40.0 4I o 57 o 77. o 8o.~ 70. 59.0 Io. Cincinnati 84 3~ 33.5~ 42 91 55 35 7~.86 73'25 65'46 4I'7x It. Cincinnati (Wood[ 84 3~ 32.91 54 8I 72.64 75.33 67.82 43.59 ward Coil.) t2. Cincinnati... 84 3~ 33.7~ 4~ 9( 55 20 7o. 9~ 73.20 65.20 41.6o 13. Cincinnati 43... 84 3~ 33-79 45 6( 57 II 73.23 75.5~ 68.79 45.37 x4. Cincinnati... 84 3~ 30.76 4I 2z 54 I5 72.64 74.)6 67.59 42.57 t5. Cleveland... 8I 42 25.94 34 8, 47 03 67.94 69.36 63.08 40'58 x6. Clifton ~ ~ ~ 83 57.. I7. College I~ill 84 35 8;o 29.88 33.3I 42.07 53.4~ 70.26 74.06 74.55 72. I8 65.49 5i.;2 42.11 (Farmer's Coil. ) Observations prewous to ~862 were made at Jefferson, about five miles southeast of Austinburgh. ~. Observations corrected for daily variation by means of the general table. TEMPERATURE TABLESs. 65 NdORTH CAROLINA.iT~ bj) ~~~~~~~ ~~~~~SERIES. EXTENNT OBSERVING ~~~~~~~~~~ E ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~OBSERVrER. REFERENCES. 3( Begins. Ends. yrs.mos. HOURS. ~I 520.60 70"-56 1540.26 370-919 531.83 Aug. 1857; Dec. I870 4 5 7m 2 9 i W. W. McDowell, S. 0. and P. 0. an S. I. Vol. I. E. J. K~row, and E. J. Aston. 2 55-72 75.63 57T.02 39-77 j 57-04 IApr. i86i; Dec. I870 4 7 I' F. J. Kron. S. 0. 3 58- 54 78-5i 64.65 48. 24 62-48 June, i863; Dec. i864 I 4 7n, 2a 9a........~ MS. from S. G. 0. 4 50- 56 70-03 54.3' 39~ 14 53-52 j 850 1 0 0 E1 ingham. Pat. Off. Rep. IS515 58-85 76.8o0 6o. 46 42. 92 59. 76 Jan. 1820; May, 1870 20 0 7M 2a 9,% bis Caldwell, Prof. J. Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1847, Am. Phillips, D. S. Pat- Alm. 1847 and foll., Dove, rick. MS. in S. Coll. - and- S. 0. 6 57.62 77.27 55.64 42- 79 58-33 Nov' J857; Dec. 1859 1 IO 7M 2, 9. Prof. W. C. Kerr. P. 0. and S. 1. Vol. I. 7 64-56 80-33 67-50 5o. 66j 65-76 Jan. 1822; July, 1845 1 5 IO Assistant Surgeon. Ar. Met. Reg. I8555 59.63 79-02 65-33 45-59 62~39 Oct- 1833; Aug. iS 49 94 66' i 9 56.00 76.o6 57- 73 39.65 )157-36 1 Oct. i856; Mar. i86II 4 6 ccC Dr. G. F. Mloore. P. 0. and S. L. Vol. I, and S. 0. 10 59.68 78. 84 6i.63 44. 24 6i. io Jan.' 1856; Dec. 187o 6 5 7. 2. 9. bi. Pr~of. D. Morrelle and 66 91 Prof. E. WV. Adamls. I i 6o- 34 37-83 11 ~ l 852; 1854' 2 0 7m 2a 9a Guald. S. Coll. I2 57-56 77.26 57-54 42.89 5i-81 Jan. r86o; MV, 1870 3 0 7. 2.l 9. bis Prof. N. B. Webster, S. 0. and J. N. Sprunt. 13 57-99 75.24 6o-3I 43-90 1159-36 1849; 1853 ( 3 0 (Dr9,,3 3. 9.Shepherd S. Coll. 14 6o. io 1858 0 7 7M 2a ga.... P. 0. and S. 1. Vol. I. 15 57.I112. 42-62 1 IDec. i867; July, i868 o 8 MS. from S. G. 0. i6 I.. I 1 869 0 4 7n, 2a 9a bis E. D. ePaars'a fi. S. 0. 17 57- 56 76-46 58. 66 42-77 58.86 Oct- 1856; Apr. i86r 4 3 7M 2a 9a Rev. N. McDowell. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. 0. i8 56- 57 76. 58 57-36 39- 72 57-56 July, i866; Dec. I870 4 1 7rn 2. 9a bis J. H. Mill anld Dr.. S. 0. WV. R. HIicks. 19 56. 92 77.24 59- 79 40~ 14 58-52 Aug. x866; june,iS69 2 1 1 - F. P. Brewer. 20 75-95 59- 51 1849 0 7 (D, 9m 3. 9a GaGlloway. S. Coll. 2I 6o.t.92 76.~27 IS53' 03 8 7M 2a, 9a Hardlison. f 22 53-40 74.28 53.21 34~ 78 53-92 June, i866; Dec. I870 4 0 7,~, 2, 9. bws Col. T. P. Allison. S. 0. 23 59-4 ~ ~1 39.66 1. j Jan. 1854; Apr. 1855 1 I 7m 2a 9a Rev. T. Fitzgerald & P. 0. and S. 1. Vol. i. Prof. D. Morrelle. 24 55~S i86 J ~ j ~IIan. i86i; May, i869 0 5 7m 2a 9a bis.W ar.D S. 0. Pearsall, & others. 25 53-86 75-44 58- 57 39-76 56. gi Aug. 1857; Dec. 1870 1 2 4 4 Dr. W. M. Johnston P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. 0. and H. A. Foote. 26 C), I4 03 O N. (E) J. Wa.tkins. S. Coll. 27 6o.44 6 i 6.5o i II. ( 866 0 I 0 7m 2a 9a bis E ~Aas.O I 52~87 73 0" 53~55 29 1 5.I 849; i852 M o;1rr Math ew. S.Coell. and MS. 2 43-35 69- 77 51-1.2 27-59 47-96 M~ar. 1856; Dec. i867 5 7 7M 2a 9a bf., J. D. H~errick, J. Gchse. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. 1, and S, 0. Dale, G. S. S. Griff-I ing, and E. D. Win3 51.2i 69-34 49-99 31-941 5o. 62 Nov. 1858; Dec. 1859 2 711 2a 8a Rev. L. T. Ward P. 0. and S. 1. Vol. I. 4 48-87 72.61 51.89 26.25 49.9 I Dec. I855; Dec. i870 3 7 cc J. I Shaw, W. Barringer. P. 0. and S. 1, Vol. I. and S. 0. 5 49-41 71.29 50-78 29.98 50-37 Feb. I 86o; Dec. 1870 9 4 7. 2.~ 9. bi,, G. Wl. Crane. S. 0. 6 47~ 84 7I.46 51-47 30-10 50-22 July, 1857;' Dec. I870 10 3 c Dr. W'C. R. Peck, J. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, MS. in Clarke. S. Coll., and S. 0, 7 ~i~~j~ 26.4 14. I Oct- I859; Feb. i86i 0 5 it" Rev. S. L. Hillier, L. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. and S. 0. L. W(illis. 81.. I.. 1 ~~~~56-7r1 187. I S0 R. M1ller. S. 0. 9 55~67 78.oo 6i.67 9 6 7 58.s5 8I I 0 7. 2a a~~~~ Rep. Brit. Asso. 184710 53-87 73-19 53- i6 33.25 53-37 igo6; I813 8 O..... Masfield and brake. Drake. 11 54-13 75.24 ~55.21 34. 28 -47 a.II9 e.17 6 8 2 Prof. Ray, G. H. Phil- MS. in S. Coll., Blodget's Clim. 14 52.94 74~94 54~ 52 33~08 5354~ 7 Jan. iSig; Dec. I870,2,g bsC 1)~Tre..O 15 46. 8 69. 6 51.67 8.32 4899 I850 Dc nn0l n Ii - 2 A. Sr A-, H AT U. Sxxak d Cey, MS, P C) 616 TEMPERATUREtL TABLES.. OHIOP~.- Continued.d NAME OF STATION. O3 I S. Columbus'. / 390571 820591 834 1300-94 360.44 420.26 /530-I2 650-30 1700. 8 7c70.64 174".69 W6QO72 1490-80 403 5~2 I Coshocton, 140 IS 81 53 765( 29-38 29.88., r,, 54-32 46-55 36.~20 2.Croton... 40 I382 38 28- 55 32- 56 37. 8 50.68S 6I 68 3 225 7~I 62.' 2 ~"0 37 1.84 2 I. Cuyahoga Falls., 41 IO81 33 -- 1840 152.70 73-53 1.40-13 25- 55 22. Dayton (Cooper 39 4~4 84 OS, 860 27-36 30- SO 29.00 55.23 59-55 72- 76 74.64 7o..69 64. 11 55-0i 42.4.4 23. East Cleveland. I 41 31 SI 4o 6831 27-71 28.67 34-89 48-00 53.45 63.4i 67-13 66-44 6i-95 48.02 37- 81 32-05 24. Est FirfilcT3,.lj40 47 5.4 I5 545 2~ 35.o6 48.73 56.99 66-50 70-35 68-97 ~25 9 740-18 29.89 25. Eaton.. 39 44 84 35 1400i 23.95 30. I5 36.10o 49- 5o 6o. 11 73.40 71- 50:I~ 64~170 50-45 40O~80 30- o8 26. Edgerton... 41 29 84 45 831II.. 33.65 1. I.,173 —5 6i.58 27. Edinburg, II qr og 8~~~~~~~~~~~~~ — 4 0 81 10~ 520 4 06i22I 33- 57 41-94 55-23 88~17 72.7i 68. goi 63.8 5 SO5~2 352 28. Elmwood 40 05 82 00 900 7I.I4 77-01 7 3- 39 66.98 54-75 41-413 30-55 29. Fort Washington 40o17 4E2. I2 K0. go 60. i6 I, 175-90 79-I7 80.90 72.18 SS. J4 51;. 19 38. I I 3o. Freedom t 4I i6 8i I2 1100 27-32 26. 39 34. 55 46.685 62.19 68- 51 72- 71 70-3o 6i. 13 49.29 39- 77 30-95 3 I. Fremont.... 41 22 83 07 ),I, I,, 1,, I., I,., E33-10 3 Ga~llipolis...j3 5 82 05 6000 29 6;35.I4I47 7o- Is7 7065 7''72 72~ 9 6i.'98 53.84 457 4G 33~ G;m~ier I~enyo 40 2482 23 ~oooil29.94 28.23 36.61 46. rO 6i.5 69. 85 73~55 85 i9 ~4 I3.I 34. Garretsville 41 IS 81 08 90069- 73 70.2o 62.67 3S-55 35 - I 35. Germantow'15 1 39 36 84 20 72 22- 57 30.11 35.69 53-46 6i.28 70-I7 76.-6 72.oi 67-09 52.56~ 40-41 27-99 36. Gilmore 40 IS 82 20 rII 01 33-30 32.93 3 -78 50.28 62~5 69.99 74-91 73-85 44 ~3 4.28 38. Iills~oro'...) 39 o ) 3 27 11I50 2. 3~ 824 5. 6.46 68.29 72.88 70- i6 63~8I 50-79 40-33 30-90 39. H-iram.... 41q 20 81 10 I 290 22- 59 27- 57 33- 37 44-32 54-92 68. o3 72.63 67.66 62. 74 5 1'.00 36- 58 3I.28 4 Hudlson (W.. Reserve 41 I 6 8 1 27 I37 28.4 30-45 38.6- 48- 76 57- 7.2 65-94 70.9I 69.55i 62.05 94 70 99 coil. 41. Huron....41 25 82 34 30- 50 40-35 47-02 57-39 69~33 42. Iberia 4 4 82 47 1;6,o 63-09 47.65 4'-8 43- Jackson (Jackson C.) 39 02 S2 32 700i 33.21 34. i6 40- 73 52-37 62. I4 70~ 74 75. I 9 72.25 66.6G2 51-51 40-33 34-20 44. Jackson (MPvonroe C.) 39 40 80 56 5034-80 PI~80 40-73 52. IS 6-.:23 70-96 76.88 69- 59 64-96 I5 03 40 45- Jackisonburg 1152840:~~ 33-36 32.90 35- 54 5I-76 6i. 29 69-49 77-02 74.612 66 - 18 4~i 29.69 46. K~eene 4 I 10 23 81 53 10 28.97 34-17 40-40 4S.4I 6o-77 69.89 74. 38 72-47 66.o6 5i.o6 43.622 29.84q 47. K~elley's I'sland 41 36 82 43 587i 26.6o 218.7 I 3' ).69 45-33 5 7. 37 68.21'7-)56 72.22 65-22 52-76 4I.73 30-26 48. Kienton.. 40 4o 83 33 I 562 30-00 33-41: 36. 63 48. o6 54-196 72-14 79-73 74. So 67-011 52.29'40.21 3I.24 49. Kingston. 39 26 82 49 692 26.94t 33.62 39-34 53-37 59- 57 70-44 74.28 70-84 66-7I 51-45 42-09 30-54 50~,afayette.... 40 50 84 IO 00 33- 70 51. Lancaster...I 39 42 82 3 1 926 P 3.02, 5,-93 60-44 73- 53 75-07 71-I72 64-01 5I.02 39-17 37- 58 52. Lebanon, I39 26 84 0982 34.66i 34. 25 42-77 54-38 62-76 70-46 73-50 7 I. I5 655,12 52.10o 49~ 89 2S.0I 53. Lewisville... 40 I2 82 0 76c 66-44 6i.22 54. Little Mountain 41 38 Si: i6 2~ 79 979 46.' 55-75 65.74 69-83 69-57 C2.6~6 49-73 4r.441 28.15 55. Madisonl 4I ) 4 48 81 o6 620 26- 54 27-43 34. 23 45 - 2 55.64 65-43 70-41 68.26 62.07 50-42 39-19 30.86 56. Mansfield...40 48 82 30 900 25-4I 33-12 4I1fo I 70~ 6i.o6 72.92 75.23 1 ~152-i6 39-01 28. 23 57- Margaretta 4 I q 27 82 46 850 27-54 27.67 33~ 43 46. 89 58. 88 68. 37:7 5.28 71-8I 64. IS 49.6I 39~ 35 29. 63 58- Marietta8.. /I39 28 81 26 670 PI~12 33-94 41.6o 52.68 6i.67 69.28 73-12 7 I 47 64~ 60 52. 03 41-93 33-45 TEMPERATURE TABLES. 67 OHIO.-Co ntinue ud. %I ~~~~~~~~~ ~~Sl,~-RIE. ESTEINT OBSE RVINGG OBSERVER. RE~FERENCES. Be-ins. Ends. yrs.mos. hours. I8 51-0-56 /74"-44 /500-95 340.2 0.~29 Apr. 5I43; May, 1865 3 o T. Kennedy, J. Grei' MS. from S. G.-O. and S. Coll. her, and others. I9 ~30 {'' I 31'S2 Oct. 186I; Feb. 1862 5 M 2a 9 bi T.H. Jolnson. S. O. 20 49-30 70- 75 5 0-98 i 50-42 Ma r. i86o; Mar. i863 2 II " M. Sperry. 21 Nov. I864; June, IS65 " D. M. Rankin. " 22 47-93 72-70 53-85 Jan. i18r5; Nov. i858 I II 7m 2a a MI. G. Williams, Dr.,. MS. in S. Coll., P. 0. and S. C. Fisher, L. Grone, I. Vol. I. weg, and others. 23 45.45 65.66 49'26 29'48 I 47~46 Jan. 184o; July, I866 9 II. Mrs. M. A. Pillsbury. S. Coll. and S. 0. cq 46.911. 6SI 50-8I 28-43 48-69 Sept. 1859; May, I867 6 9 7m 2`` 9. bi SB. McMillan.. and S. I, Vol. I, and S. O. 25 48- 57 51.98 28.o6 Dec. i863; July, i865 I " Ollilil-pa Larsh. S. O. 26 July, i869i Mar. I870 o 3 " A.B. Knight. 42 48.58 9Mr. I857; Dec. I858 x 9 7m 2` 95 S. Sanford. P.O0. and S. I. Vol. I. 28 73.85 54.39 I870 O 7 7,. 2. 9. bis C. A. Stillwell. S. 0. 29 78.66 6I.17 140oI3 June, i79o; Apr. I79I o II 3 Turner. Phil. Trans. 30 47-SI 70.51 50.06 28.22 49. I5 May, 1859; May, IS62 I I1 2. 9abis H.M and W. David- P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. 0. - S -i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Sl, Jr. 3' 1 I852 0 1 ) ~ jIo I la 9.... S. Coll. 32 52-41 73-05 55-46 33-19 53-53 Mar. I854; Dec. I870 7 S 7m 2 g9=, Dr. G. W. Livesay, P. O. andS. I. Vol. I, and S. O. A. P. Rogers. J3 1 48.08 70.66 i'51.29 28.86 49~72 1[ 1I52; Nov. IS70 2 6 7t 2, % bb, F.A. 13nton1C.A. Still- P. 0. and S. 3. Vol. I, S.O., and well, & F. K. Dunn. S. Coll. 34 I6 34 ~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~i86, " W. Peirce. S.O0. 35 /5~.'I4 72.85 /53'35 [26'89 5o~I a. 8I4 e.I5 r ere.O -~i Jan. 284; Fe 7m 2a 9a L. Groneweg, J. S. P.O. and S. I. Vol. I. Binkerd, and Dr. L. Schenck. 36 48.20 [72.92 3 133 5 Jan. i869; Aug. I870 7m 2. 9. bis S. M. Moore. S. O. 37 45475 65-55 47-08 27.94 46 58 Jan. 1837; Fel). 1857 I9 10 2 Dr. Richards, Prof. S. MS. in S. Coll., P. O. & S. I. N. Sanford, & Carter. Vol. I. 38 50-01 70-44 5 I64 30-52 50.65 Jan. IS36; Dec.IS70 32 4 2 J. McD. Mathews... C. C. Simms. 39 44.2o0 69-44 50~ II 27-15 47. 73 Sept. I855; Oct. I86o 3 9 7m 2a 9& Rev. S. S. Hillier, S. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, & S. O. M. Luther. 40 48. 37 68.79 49.61 29.59.49.09 Mar. 1838; June,IS63 9 5 2 Prof. E. Loomis, Prof. Newspaper slips in S. Coll., P. C. A. Young, E. W. O. & S. I. Vol. I, and S. O. Childs, and others. 4I 48.25 IS54 0 5 7m, N' 5, E. W. West. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. 42 5I.~' IS59 0 3 7m 2. 9, S. T. Boyd 43 5;-.75 72-'73 54 03 92~0 52-85 1849; June, 1g5 6 7 G. L. Crookham, & S. Coll. and P. 0. and S. I. M. Gilmore.' Vol. I. 44 52-05 72.48 52.27 33.60 J52.6o an. I858; Dec. I859 2 0 7m 2= 9= E. D. Johnson. P. O. and S. I. Vol. I. 45 49.53 73.71 53.20 3I'98 S2. 11 May, i868; Dec. I870 2 8 7m 2`` 9a.,i, Dr. J. B. Ousley. S. O. 5 49.86 Z~! 5.3.: 30.99 541-67 1849 Is6; 1e. 854 46 49. 86 72':25 53-58 30-99 5i.67 1849; (S54 35, 9m 3B 9= Bidwell and Spooner. P'. O. & S. I. Vol. I, & S. Coll. 47 45.46 71.33 53'24 28'52 49.64 Apr. I859; Dec. I87o 7m 2a 9=,~ G. C. Huntington. Printed slip in S. Coll.& S. O. 48 46.55 75).46 53. I 3I'55 51-68 Apr. iSo62; Dec. IS70 4~ 1 Dr. C. H. Smit~. S. 49 50-76 71-.85 53-42 3 0 - 3 7 51.6o Nov. IS63; Dec. I867 3" Prof. J. Haywood. 50 SI67 72 S. Knoble. cc 51 ) ~~ 1 73.144 51.40 I.nApr. I843; Jan. 1859 xo 7m 2a 9a M. Z. Kreider, L. M. MS. in S. Coll., P. O. and S. Dayton, and H. W. I. Vol. I. Jaeger. 52 53.30 7t.70 55-70 32.31 53.25 Jan. 1845; Mar. I85o 3o { ) 9m 3. 9= J. C. Hatfield. S. Coll. 53 IS52 2 " Bidwell. " " 54 43.93 68.38 51.28 27'.21 4.7.70 Jan. 1867; Dec. I87o 50 7. 2, 9=his E.J. Ferris. S.O. 55 45.o6 68.03 50m56 28.28 47.98 Dec. I854; Feb.'.863 8 O Mrs. A. C. King, Rev. P.O. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. O. S. L. Atkins. 56 69.74 ~ 28-92 June, I85I; Mar. I852 9 C) 9m 3= 9 Beenton. S. Coll. 57 46.40 71.82 5I.5 28.28 49 39 Jan. 1868; Dec. 187o 7m 2= 9abis T.Neill. S. hi 58 5I.98 71.29 52.85 32.84 52.24 June, I818j Dec. 1870 49 IO 2 J. Wood, Dr.S.P. Hil- Sm. Cont. to Knowl. 1868, drIeth, Dr. G. O. Hil- MS. in S. Coil., and S. O. dreth, D. P. Adamls, and W. H. Fuller. 59146.94 69.79' o0.oo 26.87 4.8.4~ 1 Feb. 1865; Dec. 187~ II 7m 2a 9a bis Dr. H. A. Johnson &- S. O. K~ate E~. johnson. 6046.66.. I I Jan. I867; _Apr. I869 Io "' C. R. and Mllartha B. " Shreeve. 61146.48 68. I6 o0 5~ 30.o2 4-8-79 Feb. I857; Feb. I863 I " Rev. L. F. Ward, W. P.O. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. O. P. Clark. 62152.03 75.60 5654 33.I8 54.34 Oct. I855; Dec. I87o 41 "L E. Hannaford, Prof. S. ~A. Norton &t others." 7 Observations in pa"rt of I855 andI I856 were made at Arcola and Unionville in Lat. 4I ~5o/, Long. 8I~oo/. Possibly these are differenlt names for tlie to~ne locality. 8 This series includes observations in I86O-6I at H-armar, about one and a half miles west of Marietta. Observations previous to 186I were made at Cheviot, ab~out three miles north of Mount Vernon Iltstitute. l0 Altitude 47o feet above low-water in the Ohio River. 68 TEMPERATURE TABLES. OHIO. —Continued. I ~ ~ ~ e. ~ ~.......... ~ ~ ~ 63. Mount Tabor.. 4~~I5/ 8304~/ I~94 33~.9r 35~.37 39 66 3~.i4 53o.41 48o.7~ 290.67 64. Mount Union.. I~' ~' t 40 54 8I 27 I" 32'60 I 26'3I 48~~5~ 6I~'28 " ~' [ 49.99 43.39 I 3~'t8 65. Newark.... 4004 8~221826 3:~3 49-91 66. New Athens 56'22 t65~'45 700.00'69061.22[52.32 38.51132.26 (Franldin Coll.). 40 16 8I 04.. [65-3 ] 75.3 146.8 [ 32.4 ~6.o713o.o4 r.32 I 66.20 6] 67. New Birmingham' [ 72. I9;0 I 47.22 36.;4I 3I.O2 40 iO 81 371][ 11 24'38 / 29';7 3, 24 48.76'. 68. New Concord. 56! 4~ 03 81 44]., [[ 33.68 [32-25 31 21 5 69. New I-Iolland2 (Ii,..37 / 23.3~ I ~3.48 6z-~I [ 52-oI miles S. W. of). 39 3o 83 o9/.. II 3~'2I [ 3o.7I 3:23 54.66 68.38 [.. 70. New Lisbon ~;113; I 3o. 52 40 5~ 80 5o[ 96II[ 26.20[29.45 3 76 48.93 59.7o I 69.92 I 74.65'4 6'.58 [5I'95 5o.51 3I.o8 4o.3I [34'85 7I. NewWestfield ~ 41 24.. 50.0o 8346 692II.. / 32.9~ 59.88 I 66.95 t 77.2o 76,58 66.85 t:;3.50 38.78 72. Nicholasville..' i 46.23 I 34. I5 73. North Bass Island 4i 42 82 46 587 28. o8 27.28 3[.68 47.27 62'~:3 / 68.53 ~ 73.38 73.53 68.'Io ]';I.93 [ 39.60 / 3~'~6 74. North Bend ~ 39 o8 84 42 8oo/t 32'55 [ 4~'~9 63'(36 / 69.98] 73.88 73.56 65'92[ ~;6'~4 I 4t'95 / 31-29 75. North Fairfield' 4i io 82 36 54'17 66o/[ 28.32,34'48 /! ~ 29.32 34. Io 48.89 58. IO /68.69 [ 74. I8 72.1o 65.95;I.o8 I 4o-79 [ 28.74 76. Northwood (or 4030 8346 ~,7o/t3=.79/3,.o8 39. I, 3,~.x, S7. —:317~.x5176.55 7,.~9 [9.93 36.09 3o. 5o Geneva Hall) 77. Norton.... 4I 04 8x 37 I2OO[/.. ~.. 34.40 48.30 5I'~:2 / 69.~3 ] 66.3~ I t [ [ ~. ~o~.w~... 4~ ~6 ~ 36[../l ~.29[ 29.~ 3~.o~ 4~.~o ~.9~ 66.6~ ~o.64 6~.~ 6;.~4.... }ic;o.67 [ 4o.3x [ 3o.35 34.97 4 3o 218oot/ 4.88/ i4 / 8o. Oxford.... 8 ot69. 1.2o 39 30 84 44/ 95o1[ 26.36 [ 3x.4~ 38.33 50.67 60.67 [ 71.44] 76.24 73.4x ~.~vi,,e 66'58 ] 5I'32 I 40. | 29.24 ~.. ~9~,~.2o,~.~ ~.6~ ~.o3,,~.~!~ [ 29'60 82. Perrysburg... ~o/~S "/ 4I 35 83 36'.. 25.60 2(~.9o 36.55 50.58 6;.~r6 / 72. x8[ 77.68 7x.8o 67.34 [ 54.03 / 40.55! 31.xo 83' P~rtsm~uth 44'7I 54'29 384282531537t[33'~7[36'I7 6474/ [ / I ~ ~ ~ 7'2.29 75.59 74-5I 65,37 157.7~ 44.6x 36.76 t' [ / 64.74 / 52.26 t 46.65/ 35.70 84. Prospect Hill. 38 40 83 33/ 70011 36. i8 [ 35.60 44. I6 5I.x6 6i.oi 72-69 72 85 73.57 t' 85. Republic 4I oo 83 oo 873.. 86; Ripley (Brown Co.5 62'I8] 5I'43/42.5I [ 34.87 38 4; 83 39 457411 35.~6 I 3i.~, 43.~8 5d.76 6d.ir7 17d.28|76.83 74.~4 64.22 ~54.92 87. Ripley(HuronCo.) 4~ ~5 82 36 I 9651[ 22'58! 3~.57 36.~7 46.92 56.:20 / 7~.49 | 72.29 7~.99 66.27 [ 49.7~ [ 43.88 / 3~-53 88. RockporO... 4~ 3o 8~ 5o/ 665]] 32.26[ 34.ox 4t.o8 50.34 62.27 [ 67.28[ 72.98 72.45 89. Saint Clairsville. 64.39l 53.95 / 44.o4[ 34.87 40 o8 80 55 t 6~~1] 3~'77 | 3~'9~ 38'27 4~'39 5o. 3o [ 59.43! 72.54,7~.77 57.38 [ 45.3x / 42.40 [ 28.o~ 9o. Salem.... 40 56 80 54/ 95ol/ 3I-$3 ~ 29.35 34.3~ 52.45 64.35 | 70.05 [ 75.33 74.~o 64.45 [ 5~.63 ] 38.93 [ 26.9~ 9r. Savannah 28.54 35.94 48.60 4r 02 82 24 /xo98[] 25.17! 27 [ 68.4~ ] 73.88 71.22 "' 64.38 / 5~'23 t 38'22[ 29'72 ~2 ~b~oo~. 4~ ~ ~o ~, ~:~,~/6~16~6 6~6~ 6~,/:,844t4oo~/ 3~o ao~16~olt ~I3~1 268~ 93. Seville.... 4~ oo 8~ 47 lxo7511 26.86 | 33.60 35.43 48.72 53.02! 67.65! 69.75 63.45 63.xo | 53.6o [ 38.80! 34.98 94. Sidney.... 40 x8 84 09/.. II x8.38 ] 39.75 35.20 4~.33 56.05 [ 67.8~ / 74.22 70.5~ 64.22 [ 153.5~ ~ 38.96[ 2~.~5 4o 484 9~ ~Pt~ ~ ~9 ~4 a~46~.~ ~8~o ~8o 6,o9,4 9 /4o t 686St ~,~/~~ ~o 97. Steubenville.. 40 25 39.53 5~.54 6~.9~ | 70.77 | 74-94 72.09 8o 4~ / 67~11 29'76 / 3~.95 64.79 [ 5r.87 | 4~.9x { 3~'.95 4~.6~ 46.07 58.7~ [ 64.73 ] 3o.~3 / 69'7~ ] 38'67 98. Tarlton 39 37 82 45 |.. tl 3~'93 | 35'96 64.23 64.47 t,49.55 99. Toledo~.... 4I 40 83331 35.7~ 46.77 60411 26.92/ 29.7- 69.79 58.22[ 68.45/ 72.35 62.44/ 39.58] 3o. oi ~oo. Troy.... so481 4oo3 84 ~ [!IIO311 29.24! 32.81 40.48 50.69 63.9~ 70.92 | 74.70 73.48 63.98 [ 52.23 4O.38 3O. 53 IOI. Twinsburg.. 41 22 81 3~!o5o]l.. ~ 68.73 68.33 t 58.63 [ 52.23 102. Urbana (Univ.) 40 06 83 43 [~otS[l 25.75/ 29.26 37.~3 49'79 7,.IO 6;."29 ] 69-55[ 74.~4 lO3. Welchfield..o.4I 23 64.58l 5o. 79 / 39.56] 30.;4 8I I2 [x2o5[I 26.631, 27.40 34.68 44.97 69-70 57.57. 66-411 ii!ii ~o=~ io4. Wellington... 4113 82 I2 [ 875t] /," ~o5. West Barre ~,'' I 33'I3 6288 I 672o 4I 3~ 84 oo. 74.54 ~o6. West Bedford.. 40 18 82 o~ 876 ~4.83 38.4x 3,3.56 62.48 5i.62! 4;.83! 23.99 IO7. Westerville.. 4004 82 46 [.. 11 28.7o / 31.3I 38.77 5o.84 6o,'37 70.45 IO8. WestUnion.. 6~a= [ 5o=7f 4o2ot ~,74 3848 832i/.. [i ~o9. Williamsport 3o. 23 i (Monroe Co.) 39 45 80 45 [ -. [I 27'~0 [ 35'x~ 37'~5 49'7~ I~O. Windham... [ 68.89 [ 7i.56' [ 39'2~[ 27'35 4~ I7 8I o6/.. [[ 32.36 [ 27.42 37.02 43.56 57.09 I 65.37 [ 7o.8o 6d.;2 62.24 [ 49.64[ 37.6I/ 32.5~ III' W~~ster'-. 4~ 5I 8I 59 / 8721[ 24.o5 [ 29.3I 34.85 49.75 59.32 72.65 66.36 5o.38/ 39.73 29.36 ~I2. Yankeetown. t 71.3I 75.47 40 oo 84 32 ~ 70011.. ~' 76'40' II3. Yellow Spring. 39 49 83 49 II4' Zanesfield''' I 69'60 4~ 22 47.8o[ 37.75 83 36 ii 6I'25 i.i I''[ IIS. Zanesville.,. 39 58 8r 59 o 3 9 3i.;~ 3i-3~ 5d. 2~ 64.20 7[.69 77.25 73.67 6948 52-4~ 4i. 3x 3264 [ t [ Also called Milnersville. ~' Also called Williamsport. a Observations corrected for daily variation by means of the general table. ~ Altitude I3o feet above low-water in the Ohio River. -' —'.........~........~1,,.'..,.-~ i i~a —,,' —-' "~ — 11' ~-~' —'~............ — ~,.~r-~_ TEMPER~A TURE TABLES. 69 OHIO. —Continued. ks, 1: 2SERIES. EXTENT OBSERVING 4.1 OBSERVER. REFER ENCES. Begins. Ends. yrs.mos. HouRs. 63 55.8 208 1849;Lapham. S. Coll. 64 3- 2.98 70. De. i849; May,1i85o o 2 7M 2a 9a bis N. Anthony. P. O. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. O. 64 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~.. 3e 987 May I6o I 2 7m 2 C9".bi' 65 47~. 75 68~.45 50.68 29.46 49~.09 Jan. i855; Aug. 186 3 9 "6 L. M.Dayton&J. Dille. 66.. July, I843; June,i844 o 4 Or 9, 3, 9a J. P. Mason. iMS. in S. Coll. 67 47.11 68.97 48. 69 28.'16 48. 23. May, 1862; Aug. 187o 6 3 7mf"2a 9a bis Rev. D. Thompson. S.(). 68. 72.92 54.40 32.15.. May, I849; Mar. I850 ot II O 9m 3" 9". Ir~vine. S. Coll. 69 53.76.. 31.92.. Oct. I867; Oct. 1870 I 2 7m 2, 9, bi J. R. Wilkinson. S.O. 70 48. 13 71-84 51-47 28.91 50-09 Jan. 1855; Mar. i870 13 4 4 " J. F. Benner and W. MS. in S. Coll., P. O. and S. R. Smiley; I. Vol. I, and S. O. 71 1.. 73.58 53.04..!Apr. i862; Feb. 1863 o Io " A. E. Jerome. S. O. 72 S 1861 o I...... 73 47.o3 7.8I( 53.21 28.74 5O.20 June, I869; Dec. I87O I 7 " Dr. G.'R. Morton. " " 74 52.97 72.47 -54.64 32.77 53.21 Oct. I859; Jan. 1869 3 8 " A.A.&R.B. Warder. P.O. and S. I. Vol. I, andS. O. 75 47'03 71.66 52.61 28.79 50.02 Feb. I867; Dec. I870 3 1 I" O. Burras. S. O. 76 42.82 73.00 31.46.I852; Mar. 186I I o 7m 2"a 9, Rev. R. Shields, and P. 0. and S. I. Vol. l, S. O., & J. c. Smith. S. Coll. 77 44.61 i86i o 5 7m 2` 9".bi A. S. Steerer. S.O. 78 46.22 68.69 5o. 87 28.33 4 48.53 Oct. 1854; Dec. I868 8 I:' Rev. A..Newton and P.O. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. O. G. A. Hyde. 79 46.46 70.62 5I.59 27.52 49.05 i849; Dec. I870 8 5 7m 2"a 9a Profs. J. H. Fairchild,! P. 0. and S. I.Vol. I, S.O., and G. N. Allen, and L. S. Coll. Herrick. 80 ~49.89 73.70 52.81 29.00 51.35 Jan. I864; Dec' 187o 6 9 7. 2` 9".iM Prof. O. N. Stoddard. S.O. Si 73.53 1870 o 6 " cc J. T. Bingran. "" 82 49.43 73.89 53.97 27.87 51..29 Mar. 1854; Apr. I858 4 I 7= 2` 9g F. & D. K. Hollenbeck. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. 83 54. 58 74. I3 55.89 35.33 54.98 Feb. 1824; Aug. 1865 29 9 a Dr.G.B.Hempstead,G. MS. in S. Coll., S. O., P. O. H. Poe, Dr. D. B.Cot- and S. I. Vol. I, and Drake. ton, & L. Engelbrecht. 84 52.1r 73.04 54.55 35.83 53.88 Mar. 1849; Jan. I85I 9 (Dr 9m 3` 9. Beatly. S. Coll. 85... 185I O 2 " Dorsay. " " 86 54.64 74. 88 53.88 35.22 54.66 Oct. I857; Dec. I867 5 4 7m 2, 9".bis J. Ammon. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. 0. 87 46.40 7I-59 53.29 27.89 49.79 Apr. 1867; Dec. I870 2 o " Mrs. M. M. Marsh. S. O. 88 51.23 70.90 54.13 33.71 52.49 Mar. I855' Dec. i863 5 o " Prof. G. M. Barber, P. O. andS. I. Vol. I, and.S. O. E. Colbrunn. 89 42.99 67.91 48.36 29.90 47.29 Nov. 1849; Oct. I851 2 o C), 2a Tenin. Pat. Off. Rep. 90 50o37 73. I6 5i.67 29.36 5I1I4 I870 1 o 7M 2". 9bis J, E, Pollock. S. O. 91 47.94 71I.7 51.28 27.81 49.55 Mar. I854; July, I863 9 I " Dr. J. Ingram. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. O. 92 45.79 68.41 5o. 79 26.56 47.89 Feb. 1862; Apr. I866 2 5 c Rev. L. S. Atkins, J. S.O. B. Fraser. 93 45.72 66-95 51.83 31.8I 49.08 Jan. I86I; Dec. 1862 I 4 " L.F. Far. Ward." " c 94 43.87 70.84 52.23 26.43 48.34 Sept. I856; Aug. I857 I o 7m 2. 9. J. Shaw. P.O. and S. I. Vol. I. 95 -. 70.50 49.98 25.23 Oct. 1864; Sept.IS65 I I 7m 2a 9"his J.H11. Myers, and W. S. O. a Hoover. 96....... Jan. I869; Sept. I87o o 6. cc J. H. Henan and G. P. Hachenberg. 97 50.99 72.60 52.52 31.22 51.83 Dec. I830; Dec. 187o 39 11 6m N. 6a R. Marsh& J.B. Doyle. MS. in S. Coll. and S. O. 98 48. So 66.22 50.90 32.34 49.56 Dec. 185o; Nov. 185I Io (, Julien. Pat. Off. Rep. 99 46.90 70.20 50.83 28.88 49.20 June, 1856; June,Is87o I3 O 7m 2" 9~bis Dr. J. B. Trembley, P. O. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. O. H. Bennett, & Miss S, E. Bennett. 10o 5P.69 73.o3 52,20 30.86 5I.95 Jan. 1859; Maiy, 1863 4 3 " C. L. McClurg- cc..... cc MoI iS6o o 4 " N. A. Chapman. S. O. 102 49.40 7;.60 5'. 64 28.38 50.26 1852; Dec. 187o 17 I " M. G. Williams. S. O., P. O. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. Coll. 103 45.74 69.Ix 49.55 28.26 48.17 Mar. 1857; Mar. I866 9 o Bl. F.IAbell. S. O. 104...... 863 o 4 L L.F. Ward. S.O0. lO5......153 o M 2 7 " 9a Taft. S. Coil. Io6...52. 98 2i. 74- Sept. 1856; M'ar. ~8 S7 o 7 " H. D. MlcCa~rty. P.O., and S. I. Vol. I. Io7 49.99 70.97 51-43 30.58 5o.74 Jan. 1858; Dec. I87 Io 1 7m 7n, 2`9bis Pr-of. J. Haywood. P. Ot, ~d S. I. Vol. I, and S. O. IO8...... 861 o Rev. W. Lundeen. S. O. lO9! ~ 29.82 Nov. r86o; Apr. 1861 o 6 " r Dr. W. W. Spratt. "'~ IO4i. 8 9 68. IO 49.83 30.76 48.~54 Mar. I857; Dec.Ig ~85 2 O 7m 2`` 9a S. W. Treat. P.O0. and S. I. Vol. I. III 47.97 73-I4! 52.16 27.57 50.21 July, 1849; Aug, 187o 6 3 7m 2a 9abis M. Winger and wife S. O. and S. Coil. and Par-dee. 112.- {~........, I, 1854 o 2 7m 2`` 9" A. Jaque. P. O. and S. I. Vol. I. I13..I843 o 2 (~r 9r, 3". 9" Phelps. Manuscript. 114 ~~~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~1854 o x 7m 2` 9= J. F. Lukins. P.O., and S. I. Vol. x. "s 5I.9o 74.20 si. 73 33. h~ 53.76 Jan. I819; Nov. ~859 3 lX " W. Peters, Dr. J. G. MS. in S. Col!., P. O. and S. F. Holston, & L. I. V01. I. M. D~ayton. This series includes observations in March, i855, at Berea, about six miles southwest of Rockport. Observations previous to I86o were made at Collingwood, about five miles northwest of Toledo. TEMPERATUP~E TABLES. OREGON'. 44035/ 12205~/ i: Albany(near)' 46 ii ti23..48 6;ot 32O.o2 7~o.2ol62O7s 2. Astoria'... 460'23 38.44 38.78 44.24 48.75 53,~6 7~.5o 60.29 60.77 58.3~ 52~;.69 4o~J83 3. Auburn..... 44 35 /~8 06 [33501 52.04 I 71.48 I 7o. 38.. 3~.23 39o 1 o9 1 2o2 1 9o'' /'' 4. Block-House 44 25 123 3~] 139.38 40'52 42.83 1 44.49 / 4(~.83 I I 58.58 60.59 61.78 I 59.3I [ 52.]9 44.9I 5. Camp Harney.. [ 52.~3 43 oo /[~9 oo[.. II 22.74 28'25 / 36'89 [ 48'55 I 56'92 67.34 / 74.27 I 70'96162'05 [ 5I.I7 40.42 29.60 6. Camp Logan ~ ~ 44 I6 /II9 ~4 r56ool " [ " I 43.4~ I 49.08 56'6[ / 66.53't 66.53 I 57'71 149.~4 45.52 7. Camp Lyons 42 43 /~x6 52 155ooI 14.87 ] 58.3i ~. 27. I9 ] 41.8z [ 49.23 [ 52.52 6t.29 [ 72.25 I 72.69 I 51.56 4~.85 34. I4 8, Camp ThreeForks 42 15 /~6 54t.. I 22.78 29'89 ] 37'II I 43.78 / 53.08 63'~8 / 7~'~~ I 7['23 I 6~'65 ] -52'61 4~'7~ 3I'I~ 9. Camp Warner.? 42 28 /~i9 42f.. I1 25.08 30'38 ] 34. I7 / 42.40 { 49.79 59'I5 / 67'621 66.6I I 57'23 /48.32 38.25 3~.26 io. Camp Watsrex.. 44 22 /ii9 48 ].. ] 23.38 28'~5 / 36. I~ / 43.65 I 49'56 37.66 33.22 ~I. Corvallis.... 57.39 /'62.95 I 66. I4 t 56'6~ / 43.99 44 32 /I23 04/.. I 3~'57 37.59 [ 36.32 / 5~'60 [ 56'85 [ 64-~7 I 66'I~ 146-92 42.89 I2. Eola.... 44 57 /I22 541500t 36.4~ 39.05 [ 39.40 / 46'79 / 5;'}6 58'47 I 67-45 t 68'64 [ 58'I9 I 42.~7 33-22 3~'69'' 38'2~t ~3' Fort Dalles9-. 45 33 [I2O t 4693 ]63s 6~34 so[ 36ot 72.62 63.87 42.52 /49'32 67.29]73.79 33.69 i4. FortHosldns /54.44[.. 38.74 41.6I 45o6/~2326/..1 844.96 I 5~'35 6~.43163.55164.~9159.78152.29145.o8 40.39 15. Fort Klamath [ 55,~5.. 42 40 /[21 5~ /42oo 22.78 25'21 34'06 / 38'81 I 44.60 24.98 ~6. Fort Lane. 52.26[60.92 t 58.77 I 47.98 I 4o.65 [34.6.0.. 42 20 [122 46 /2oool 39.29 43'52 [ 51.78 / 52.4.5 ] 6~.23 68.66[ 74.55 ] 73.~9 ] 6o.43 14o.39 32.7~ 17. Fort Orforde ~ ~ 42 44 /I24 29 / 5oll 48'73 48'17 / 49.95 / 5~'I3 / 55'06 58.66 ] 59-57 [ 6~.92 I 59'~9 I 55'82 I 50'42 48'7'7 I8. FortStevens., 40'76 / 43.4I / 48.95 [ 53.58 58.7~ / 62.89 I 61.37 I 58. I8 148.90 42.59 ~s28 46'22148'12150'69154'48 19. Fort Umpqua 43 42 i24 IO 8 44.17 ~ ~ 45.5[ i 58.9[ [3'59 20. 59'47159'93159'72 t 54'I~ I 49'57'' 39'62 [43'55 /47.8~ I 53.42 56.97 [ 58.14/ 51.21 38.~7 2. 200 60.9~ 66.3~ FortYamhill 452I I OregonCity... /I23 I5/.. 37.x~ 4"~~[45'2~1 55'9~t 16o.92/6~.23 55.8o [ 038.60 4520112218 71.63 38'93 [43'52 I 72.27 47.23 ]60'20I / / I I I 65'6~ I 69'47 I 68'~9 I 62'98 [ 53'~8 i 4814~ 39'31 22. Portlanda ~ 45 30 122 36 45 40.65 40.73 42.20 51.65. 23. Salem.... I56'50 4456112245 / I2O, 41.3 ~o~ 49.,46. s 149. s ts84, 24. Salem.... 44 56 I22 45 / i2oI.. 49.48.... 45 22 122 ~3 i i2o[ 39.5~ 52.23:~25. Willamette Univ. PENNSYLVANIA. x. Abington. 75 46 II83[ 23.93 26..,1 31.97 45 3I 55.15 65.95 69.98 67. I2 60.78 47.39 37.9~ 27.40 2. Allegheny Arsenal. 79 59 704 28.89 31.67 38.84 5~. 6 61.49 69.90' 3.58 64. I5 4o.38 32.04 3. Allegheny City.. 80 03.. 5~. 6....... ~ 4' Allegheny Tunnel 216I 29.'67 34.92 47' 57'54 68.67 0.59 78 36 5. Altoona.... 78 24 12o8 33.03 46. }.. 42.27 29.40 6. Ashland.... 76 20 Ioo5 27.23 31.88 5~. 58.or 7. Avondell 77 22 51.5 27.'I5 25.97 35.32 45- ~ 68.28 6;.98 41.22 26.3I.... 57.5I 8. Beaver.... 80 wo.. i 79 29.89 27.79 54. 2 62.35 72.56 142 59.63 38.87 ~9.8[ 9. Beaver Seminary. 80 23 32. II 30.48 37.89 48. 04 60.[8 67.76 4.56 62.8I 40.76 31.96 IO. Bedford.... 78 3~ 27.77 30.68 37.90 49. 60.52 70.97 4.~2 63.64 4o.I3 31.43 x~. Berwick.... 76 15.583 25.21 31.29 39.36 47. 59.76 68.60 62.08 40.94 30.9~ T2. Bethlehem.. ~ 00 75 20 3~ 3~.8~ 34.25 38.53 48. ~ 69.82 6~.34 45.66 33.06 58'.59 3 I3. Blairsville.. ig. 79 15 IOlO 22.7 28.2 34.3 42. 52.4 54.9 52.8 40.2 28.0 ~4. Blooming Grove ~]. 75 09 2~.8[ 23'.63 29.25 43. 9 52.96 64.6I 66 59.23 35.60 24.62 ~5. Brookville... 79 o8 59.55 68.57 5,30 64.77 I6. Brownsville... 68.40 74.88 55 7~.38 4~'.66 34.24 79 52 35-33 30.9~ 54. 3 17. Buffalo Township 63'03 65'[3 79 40 91o8 xooo 47. I8. Bustleton'' ~ 75 0I 28.25 19. Butler.... 79 5~ 8;o 28.48 32.;2 39.92 49.1 6;.78 7;,o6 4.82 64. o8 4;.96 3o. 76 20. Byberry.... 74 58 7~ 27.o4 33.68 38.07 48. 5 61.78 69.~7 4.57 66.o8 44.35 34.44 2~. Canonsburg (Jeffer- 8o ~ 850 27.95 31.67 38.4~ 48. 7 59.49 67.74 1.8o 63.73 39.89 31.23 son Coil. ) 22. Carlisle(Barracks). 77 x~ 6oo/ 28.1o 3o.~7 37.3~ 5o. 6 61.25 71.oo 5.04 65.42 39.15 31.27 23. Carpenter ~ ~ ~ 76 5I 5~.o5 60.95 66.28 66.oo 59.73 Observations in ~85o and ~85~ at Qr 9~ 3= 9=, referred to 6m N. 6~,. ~' Observations previous to ~855 at Qr 9m 3a 9,, referred to 7m 2,, 9~..... _,, ~,,, -- =~ ~..... ~ -— ~............,,,,,.......... T EMNIPERIATUR-ILE TABLES. 71...OREGON. E ~~~~~~~ ~ ~~SERIES. EXTENT OBSERVING OBSERVER. REFERENCES. c~'-~.< ~. Begins. Ends. yrs.mos. HOURS. I 490.92 Jan. I867; Jan. I868 o 7m 2= 9. bil S. M. W. Hindman. S. O. 4S- 48~72 1590~52 1520~4I 130 50~.00 Aug. 2185o; Dec. 1870 8 63 MN. 6a Assistant Surgeon, L. Ar. Met. Reg. I855, and U. S., 4 9A6Wilson. Coast Survey. 3 ~~ I ~. ~. I ~~ II.. jlDec. 1863; Aug. 186 04 7m 28 9a his R. B. Imside. S. O. 4 47-82 6o- 32 52. 14 40. 9I 50-30 Mar. I858; Dec. 1862 4 3 7m 28 9a Assistant Surgeon. Ar. Met. Reg. i86o, and MS. from S. G. O. 5 47-45 70~.6 51.21 26.86 49.Io Jan. x868; Dec. I870 o... MS. from S. G. 0. 6 63.22 50. 76/ Nov. I867; Oct. I868 S 7 47.86 68.74 15~.57 /25"40 48. 4 Oct. i867; Sept. I868 I 0 44.66 68.44 51.99 27.93 48.25 Jan. I868; Dec. I869 2.... 42.I2 64.46 47.93 2857 45.77 Jan. I868;'Dec. I870 3 1{ Io 43. Io 62. I6 46.08 28..22 44.89 Apr. I867; Apr. I869 2 II I ~~ 1 62-34.. 37-35 /j ~~ (IJune, I866; Feb. 1868 1 I 7m 28 9a bis A. D. Barnard. S. O. 12 46. o2 64.85 49. 86 36.22 49.24 i87o I 0 cc'F. Pearce. 53.59 71.23 53.61 34,50 53.23 Sept. I850; Mar. 1866 13 2 7 28 9, Assistant Surgeon. Ar. Met. Regs. I855 and 186o, and MS. from S. G. O. I4 50- I2 62 7 5~'8 40~2 I3 Nov. 1856; Mar. i865 8 0 C 4 c Ar. Met. Reg. i86o, and MS. from S. G. O. 15 39. i6 57-32 41.08 24-32 40-47 Dec. i863; RMar. i866 2 4 1 r r t MS. from S. G. 0. I4 5o. 12 72.10 38550 Jan. N 855; Oct-. i56 6 I85 ~6;arx858""' Ar.. Met. Reg. I86ondS. 17 52-05 59-72 55; 14 4S-56 53. S7 June, IS52; July, 1856 3 0 C Ar. Met. Regs. IS55 and iS6o. IS 48. 65 6j. 99 53-56 40-54 50-93 Nov. iS65; SCept. iS6S 2 MS. from S. G. 0. 19 51-10Io 59-7I, 54C19 45-30 ii 52,57 Aug. IS56; May, iS62 5 10 ( I (( re Ar. Met. Reg. I86o and MS. f- S. G. O. from S. G.O0.a 2039.26 59.71 50.6 3 S2 4.32 40c9. I3863 IMO. i86 6 Ar MS ro S. G.O. 9]cccc 26 54.00 70.07 54IO I 39-84 54 58 Jan. 1849; Dec.,ArR M. Afl-cinson. Coll. 22 50- I2 67- 72 54. S5 40.23 53.23 Apr. I855; Dec. I870 2 0 7". 2,Mea b, G. H. Stibbins, J. S. P. R. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. 0. Reed, S. We. Gilliland. 23 51847 66.97 64.63 46593 57.50 Oct- 1S56; Sept IS57 I 0............... Newspaper slip and. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. I9 5II 9'7 5'.7 Au. 86 May, 14;Jn I862O 0 M.. 9.. bis P.et. WRilli. S. a. 24~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~lt Rg86o a n 7S.[ S fi'om S. G. O. 25 May, i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~Si Ja. G,,O02. H. Crwfrd 20 4. 59.7 5o9 ]~ 38.30 ~8486 5849. Oa. i86; pr 9D8, Sisso'. T. Cl.a... 4 42I 53 70.19 1853 0 7 7.. 2, an Seabrook. 5 1 6 7. 4' / 4 0' 2Oct- IS39; Apr. I863 e 8 7m 28 9a bis W. R. Boyers, T. H. P. 0. and S. I Vol. I, and S. O. Savery. 6 46.68 1870 0 4 /.... r8?o o9 W. E5. Honeyman. S. 0. o. 27 70. 83 50~96 26.. 8 48.4 June, i867; Apr. i869 I II cc W. E. Baker. cclli 81. 73-03 50-55 29-i6 1(. 1 1839; 1840,I 2 7,, 2,r 9, W. AllisoII. journ. Fran~k. Inst. 9 4S-94- 71.29 5I.20 31-52 50~ 74 Oct. i867; Dec. I870 33 7. 2a 9a bN Rev. Ri. T1. Taylor. S. 0. IO 49.44 72643 5I]98 29396 50.95 1839; Dec. i857 8. 2a.a S. Brown, Kping, and P.O0. and S. T. Vol. I, S. 0. Rev. H-. Hleckerman. Journ. Frank. Inst., &r S. Coll. 11 48-92 70. SS 5r.65 29.I4 50-.5 Jan. IS56; Jan. 65 and I2 1 2 Kluge~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. S. Coll.I I2 48-48 71-00 52.80 33-04 5I-33 849839; 1851 3 4, 9. 3. 9a.Eget P. ~ S.Vo.Iad. I I I3 4.936i.9 4690 2-30 41- 1 Ot. i6i Jan i85 7 2a 9a bis W. R. Boyers. S. 0. 14 42.90 65-95 46.54 2335 4448 May. 1864; Dec. I870 5 6 o. J. o.abtwohl. I5 7i.96 I 8 tj.56 33~49)( ~~ Nav~r S69;Dec~ l87o I ~'6,, N. 6, D. S. Dearinn P. 0. and S. I. Vol. i. 50.23 77.69 56.99 33o.487 5~-9 Nov. i825; Dec. 1870 I I 7m 2a 9a DAr. J. A. Rs 16os. S. a 17 i86 o 0 4 9~~ IIIS0 C J. H. Baid. 94 ~ 11,I8 I I I I 1 H 1854 1 I I 7.1 2, 9e J. C. Martindale. P. -o and S. 1. Vol. i. 49~57 5~~2.37 55~74~ 3I~72 52~35 IS5Z; Dec. 1863 5 J. C~~fomle an eS. G. O. S.IVli.Cl. MS. foS.GO. 21 48. ~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~89 4~9 oI8 I0 (~ 9m. 3.~ 1S9; /ec Stew88,zg, artososevr. S~( 0.CadS.I oll.. o 22 49~577o~65.322~ 95II uy 18539;Dc 802 7m 2,1 9, ~~~t [ Sur..Df r eabRgI85 Srook..~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~fed Oct. C89 p. V863 on 7~~9i W' R. Byr, T.H. PO. andS. I. V ol. I,ad.O 73~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.0 7m=9~/. Eoo. Hon eyma. 23.~ 6441~~ ~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~7 Is2aO51 "9=bs ]Rev. R.'1' Taylr. O 49-44~~~~~ 72.43ain 51.9 299 09 89 ec. I 6 7m2 9S.Bownt, Kfing, and P.O., and S. I. V, eer ol 7, S. Oi. TEMPERATURE TABLES. PENNSYLVANIA. — Continued. -4-;~ NAME OF STATION. W r a S 24. Catawissa 1, ~2 I41 3~6205 2~4408 6.0 6.6 6.5 G0a go 4.7 6I c"8 a4o~5, 876030/ 680.68 71~.28 6oO.98 39',88 25. Ceres. 42; o 78 25 1 23;36 23~55 30 20.34 26. Chambersburg.239 56 77 40 129847 35.22 43.95 5o.23 6.49 73~9i 66. 33I82 27. Chester (U. S. Gen. Hosp. ) 39 51 75 2I 33'86 36'21 39'9I 50'35 38~6 28. Chromedale (or 39 55 75 25 i96 29.77 3,58 A8.55 47.86 59.35 69.53 70-48 63-76 53IO 4330 3)3 J~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~43 59~.8 357 ] 53.~ 7 4-36 Lima) 29. Dyberry.... 41 38 75 IS 20 2 22- 36 29.15 43-37 50~-76 65'I4 67'16 62'54 [8'2I 43'98 35'~9 30' 58 go. Easton....;4043 75IG 640 24.29 27.I3 35.8~ 47.56 58.69 16g~j3 74~43 69~64 63~56 50~7.. 0 722 7 3 1 566 5 3o. Easton 340~~~~~~~2.I 58.69.69.33 744 07 0,6 30'37 P.~ Ephrata....40 I 76 II 29'6~ 31'78 37'I8 5I'65 59'90 72'26 77:33 72'63 67'88 54'30 44II 32'43 32. Fallsington.. 40 I2 74 48 33 30-14 32.15 38.28 49.56 59.6o 69.20 73.65 72.28 65.20 53-80 4330 32.8 33. Fayette Tannery (2 miles east of ConWellsville) 40 02 79 32 28.4I 30'46 36'65 49'29 57.9i 67.62 72'42 69'67 63'29 49'97 -40'59 31'27 34. Fleming2.... 40 55 77 53 780 24305 28.38 35-89 47.66 58-o6 67.60 71-97 67 77 6i-08 49.64 38,74 29.73 35. Foun 39 44 7Fountain-a 49-57 59893 69.87 74.99 7/1'88 63'73 50~'17 40'23 3~'48 36. Frankford Arsenal. 40 00 75 04 30 321.6 P.86 40.73 5i/o4 6o-73 69:43 75.44 i 73.oi 66:i I! 53.96 42.4I 33.71 37. Franklin.... 41 24 79 5 0 26.68 24'26 3I'92 44.68 57 76 66'91 73'98 68'52 60.75 47.I3 37'26 27-48 38. Freeport.... 4I 79 41 I7960 77.27 71.83 57,19 40-37 39. Fort Mifflin...39' 52 75 13 2032. 4 P97 4046 5.66 i64 7163 [6 74[26-I5~24.69 346...76.55 74.02 [68.4I 155.82 [45.69 34.;9 40. Germantowffln 40 015 75 10 100 29.2-6 31.66 A ~72 51-33 6i.59 71- 55 75-i6 72.82 65.25 52. I4 41I.11 31.69 40. Ger-manltown ~~4OO 50 3.6 3872 41. Gettysburg.... 39 49 7715 30.76 38.86 49-87 79 7379 J 42. Greencastle. 39 47 77 44 650 80.9 77 77 70 50 43. Hamlintoa. 4r2 7 5 2 6 3 2 6 545386 I, 43~ Hamlinto n qr 25 75 25 32~38 26.20 29.23 47-38 59I82 7~50 70.35 6~'75 45.3 / 36"13 30'73 44. Harrisburg... 4 7I 6 53 375 34. 7 32.i 40.23 51~78 63.27 73.28 8.63 74-92 67-37 54-48 44.28 3,.68 /7328 33~~~~~~~~~-.65 45- Haverford College - 40 00 75 2I 400 31.42 33.41' 39-08 50782 6.50 70I81 763 -.62 67.60 55.46 44'35 3) 46. Hazleton.... 40'5S 76 oo 8 595 47. Hollidaysburg. 40 28 78 23 29.23 3 377I 47.86 59~49 72 50 73-42 70.28 62.99 49 34 45700 29.66 48. Honesdale... 41 36 75 24 2 267I 49. Huntingrdon...40 3t 78 OI 734 26.35 3I[59 40.98 49[8r 60-76 73.o2 74-4I [ 72.89 64.68 50~58 39-75 30'71 50o Indiana.....140 40 79 08 I320 27-03 P-76 36.89 So~oi 62.12 67-94 72-7o 68.22 6o.59 56.04 42-52 29.62 51. Johnstown... 40 20 78 53 I 200 32'92 26'95 33.77 44-44 55-5i 65.62 71 55 (-8-09 5952 47 78 37-00 29.23 52. Lancaster... 40 03 76 2I 350 30-42 33.32 4I.IO 1.89 6o~33 70 I2 73.54 7I793 64.37 52.60 41'65 32'2I 53~ Ll~ncaste Colliery. 0 48 76 35 (92011 26. I5 30- I9 37-37 4~ 52 64 69. S4 66-33 59- 34 49.24 39-43 30-90 53. Lancaster.Colliery.40 48 76 35 46~5i3o.25 56.22 65.45309 54. Latrobe 40 20 79 21 569 56.25 55. Lehigh University 40 38 75 22 320 23i40 19~75 35-3 42-s5 55 58 6L6 73~47 70~41 6I.79 49-44 4I~G5 26.45 (S. Bethlehem) 56. Lewisburg Univ. 40 58 76 55.58 34 56 47~588.86 587 I428. 87 57. Lewistown... 40 35 77 37 29.91 36.21 41-38 56.89 67.23 68.25 75'43 72.7I 65-35 58.20 58. Linden.... 41 14 77 II 27.22 30 39 40.23 44-85 - 34-9r 59. Manchester..~ 40 32 80 03 750 34 5 63 70-59 755IS 7;.8o 62.54 5' 24 4-5o0 32.03 60. Meadville... 3 4I 39 80 o 100 23.25 2845 3I9 46-31 57-43 68177 72.22 68. 9 62-42 5I'~9 3876 29'84 6i. Mercersburg 39 5~ 77 55 34.28 30 78 41-41 54. S 65-44 (9.74 74 94 75~ 5 67-43 54'o9 41-03 33'05 62. Mifflintown... 40 32 77 28 26.28 32-70 4I-30 52.66 6o. 24 70-40 71-43 69~92 6i.go 53-82 38~'1 3o.8I 63. Milford 41 I8 74 50 68.17 67'40 64. Mooreland... 40 ov 75 IT 250 27-81 30 So 3748 50'22 58-oo 68.92 7296 7087 64.62 P.65 42.04 31.28 65. Morrisville...40 I3 74 52 30 3048 29.6i 38.23 50-43 62.26 7 S. 74.66 7i~9 o 65-37 53'70 42~50 31'27 66. Moss Grove.. 4r 4o 79 51 402.2 5~ 3~38 443 78 8.31 71.2 6.46.64~I 36 26-05 67. Mount Joy... 1140 06 76 31 ~ 33 2. 4~ 53 I9 27 30 ~6 ~4 ~4 ~2 ~9 ~5 68. Murrysville...40 26 79 41 67 64 39.84 4~ 5. 64 78 98 I8 5I'3~ 63 35'72 69. N~azareth.... ~)4o43 75 21 5 2. 79 36. 74 476 9I 84 2I 9.3 I9 ~86 4. 30'53 7~. New Castle...4~r o2 8o 2I 7 0 0 34.77 99 ~3 04 ~0 c 6. 5I 14) 87 71. NuewV wn ~. ~ ~ 4o 15 74 57 3"7 04 9.09 4~ 5Li 6. 79 I5 3I 51.33 39~.4 3I7 Observations were made at very irregular hours. They were corrected for daily variation by means of the general table. ~- Observations in I839 —4o-4I, and from Dec. I858, to June, I859, a period of three years four months, were made at Bellefontaine, about fEour miles east of Flemming. TEMPERATURE TABLES. 73 7i3 P E NNq'SY~LVANq'IA. — Continued. 4-1 ~~SERIES. EXTENT OBSERVING P, OBSERlVER.'REFERENCES. m,/ Begins. Ends. yrs.mos. HOURS. 2. I870o 04 7,, 2`` 9`` hi s A. Curtis. S.O. ~~~~~~24~.6670a n.4I835 Mar. I854s 25 430-75 1660.60 461.99 124'0.66 Jan~50 a. 1 Mar. 1854 450-50 9 H. C. King, R. P. P. O. and S. I. Vol. I, Rec. in 26 Stevens. S. Coll. 5I-S9 74-04 53.68 32.66 53-07 July, 11W58; Apr. i82 2 6 7. 1, a i W. Heyser. P. 0. and S. I, Vol. I. and S. O. 27 36.04 Dec. i863; Apr. I864 o 5 7M 2a a..... M. from S. G. 0. 28 4S- 59 71-46 53-39 3 i. 63 51.27 Jan. I849; Feb. I8 59 9 9 " J. Edwards. P. O. and S. I. Vol. I, and printed slip. 29 41.o, 64.95 45. 79 24.36 44.05 Jan. I865; Dec. I87O 1865; Dc. 870 5 7 7m 26 9``big T. Day. S.O(. 30 49.32 Jan. I855; Dec. I859 5 27m 26 9a S. J. Coffin, G. R. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. 49-32 Jan. 1855; Dec. 1859 5 0 7 Houghton. 31 49-: 74.07 ~55.43 31.27 52.59 Nov. I855; Dec. I870 4o9 2,2 99, bi W. 1.Speras. S. 0. 32 49~15 7I~7 54-10 31.72 5I.67 Jan. I86o; Dec.1770 E. Hanse. 33 47-95 69.90 51.28 30.05 49.80 Jan. 1862; Dec. I87o 8 I/ 7m 26 9 bis J. Taylor,,, 34 47.2o 69. I 49-82 27'39 48-38 Jan. 1839; June, I867 I4 o / $ S. Brugger, T. I. Bur- P. 0. and S. I. Vol. i, S. O., & rell, Atkins, Harris, Journ. Frank. Inst. Livingstone. 3548-5 72.25513832.83 51.26 Dec.,S67; Dec. S7o 2 9 7 S. C. Walker. S.O. 5o.83 72.63 54-i6 132.64 52 57 Jan. I836; Dec. I843 8' Maj. Mordecai. 2 7n, 2, 69.80 o Revj. Mordecai. Blodget's Climatology. 37 44-79 69SO 4838 26.14 4728 Oct. i867; Dec. I870 73 2, 9`bis Rev. M. A. Tolman.b 38 56(46 1854 7 m 6 2' 9a A.D. Weir. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. 39 50-92 74-07 56.64 33-07 53.67 Jan.. 1822; Oct. 1853 I (20, 9m 3a9`` Assistant Surgeon. Ar. Met. Reg. I855. 40 50-55 73- IS S2.83 30-87 51.86 Junlle, iig; Dc. 1870 I7 1 7. 2 Haines, C. J. Wister, S. Coll. and S. O. 41 149~83 71.62 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Jr., T. Meechan. 414983 7.6 5.X 9.8 50.63 Jan. 1839; Feb. x865 24 2 s Prof. M. Jacobs. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, MS. in S. Coll., and S. O. 1870 ~ 3 7m1, 2a 9` S. W. Rhode. S. O. 43 4548 (47-40 29-77 Sept. I869; Aug. I87o o 7, 2,t 9a big J.D. Stoker.,, cc 44 5I76 7561 55-38 32.18 53-73 Jan. I840; July, I87o 29 3 i, J. Heisely, W. O. P.O. and S. I. Vol. I, MS. in Hickok, Dr. W~. H. S. Coll., and S. O. Egle, R. A.Martin. 55~80 3~"6 53~2 San. 854; June, I863 8 Dr.Sit 45 50-47 73.66 55-80 32. i6 53.02 Jan'. 1854; June, iS63 8 2 7M7m2. Dr. P. Swift. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. and S. O. 46 1870 o I 72 2,t 9% bis J. Haworth. S. O..44 6 05~8I 85 I 7 m',2, 9~ Lowrie. S o I 47 48-35 72.07 52~4 30 3 5 7'I 7 ga, o"ie S. Coll. 48 I839; I84~o o' "Richardson. Journ. Frank. Inst. 49 50.52 73'44 5i;67 29 5;51.29 1840; IS4I I I' Miller.......,O 49~6-1 69.62 53~05 29~47 50~45 IS39j nus.I1 S 3 11 i " I~White, Pector. Journ. Frank. Inst., P. 0. and 44.:457 68.42 48.Io 29.70 47~ 70 Feb. S. I. Vol. I, and S. Coll. 457682.T 970 Feb. i868; Dec. I870 2 1 7M 2,.b D0.Peelor. S.O. 52 51-il 71.86 52.87 31-98 5I'96 Jan. 1839; 185o 6 5 7," 29` Winchell, Atler. Journ. Frank. Inst., S. Coll. & tt 45~6I J an.21 49~34 zg~o8 47~8IDove, 1853. 53 45.61 67.21 4;9 _34 29.08 47- Nov. I856; Dec. 1859 3 2 P. Friel. MS. in S. Coll.,and P. 0. and S. I I. Vol. I. 54. I86i o r 7m 2, 9a bis W. R. Boyers. S. 0. 55 44;75 70'71 50.96 23.20 47.4I June, i867; Nov. I868 I 6' Prof. A. M. Mayer, N. C. Tooker. 56 46566 70'37 4976 26. ) 48'2I Jan. I856; Dec. I87 TO9 " Prof. CS. James. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. O. 57 55r1 72. i3 1839 0 o 7n22aa Culbertson. journ. Franin. Inst. 58 r P. F. and S. I. Vol. I.' NOv. IS S; Apr. 1 Ba 48.21,72'52 ) 5'98 Mar. S. Coll. 59 5 52-~~~O 34- ~~O M ar.1849; Apr. i85i 2 (Dr 9m 3, It9,t Mar~ks.. Col 60 45. 69.69 50-76 27-IS 48'21 1839; Sept-' 858 5 9 7m 2. 9` T. F. Thickstun, Ship- P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, S. Coll., pen, Williams. and Journ. Frank. Inst. 61 5-8 7328 4-1 32 7 53-51 ] 842; 1847 2 2 C)r. 9, Green. Manuscript. 62 0 70'58 51.24 2993 50"79 1839; 1841 2 1, 7m, 2`` 9,t Benkird. Journ. Frank. Inst. 63 I839 O 2 7M 2, 7a D 64 48- 57 70'92 52'77 2996 5055 June, iS64; Dec. 1870 6 7 m 2, 9g,,is Anna Spencer. Is. 0. 65 50.29 7247 54.86 7 I8 40.00 54.73 65.33 77.o5 63.55 72.5~ 65'33 I I3~48 ~ This series is of very little value on account of great irregularity in the hours of observation. a Observations corrected for daily variation by means of the general table. a The observations, except the first three months of ~86~, were made at Tribrook Farm, about three miles northeast of Lexington, by W. H. Ruffner. 4 Also called Hartwood or Falmouth. i ii i ii. i....... i nl! II TEMPERATURE TABLES. 8 VIRGINIA.'~ c~ SERIES. EXTENT OBSERVING OBSERVER. REFERENCES. il m m -<~r ~ b Begins. Ends. yrs.mos. HouRs. 1520.42 760.57 560.20 34~.23 540.86 Oct. I849; Feb. I864 6 8 7m 2, 9a B. Hallowell and P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, MS. from others. S. G. O., and S. Coll. 2 i865 0 I 7m 2 a 9a is Prof. R. M. Smith. S. O. 58.82 6o.X9 60.41 41-38 9.~62 Jan. 1824; Sett. I83 7 2 a 9a Assistant Surgeon. Ar. Met. Reg. I855. 45.55 73.4I 54.4I 30.07 50.86 Jan. I856; Dec. 857" Dr. R. and Miss E. P. O.'and S. 1. Vol. I. Kownslar.'5 51.~1 74.27 63.04 35.76 56.02 Mar. i867; Feb. I868 I o 7m 2a 9. bis J. G. Potts (Prison S. 0. Keeper). 55.oI 75.92 57.26 38.I6 56.59 July, I837; Dec. 1852 2 II 7m 2a 9a Meriwether. Am. Alm. 183' and S. Coll. 7 39.99 i85o; I853 o 9 (r 9 m 3., 9., Chevalier and Hogan. S. Coll. 8 57.60 79.36 59.57 4I.I2 59.41 May, 1867; Dec. 1870 3 7 7m 2a 9a bis B. W. Jones. S. O. 9 58.89 77.9~ 60.20 40.97 59.49 Jan, I854; Jan. i86i 7 I 2 R.Ato.Rc nS ol n.0 IO ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~R. F. Astrop. Rec. in S. Coil. and S. O. 57.76 74.88 57.oI 44.22 58.47 Mar. 1849; Apr. I86o 3 9 Wellford. II 5 7 ~334 77-07 6i.92 4I.77 59-52 Jan. I825; Dec- I870 45 5 7m 2a 9,a Assistant Surgeon. Ar. Met. Regs. 1855 and 186o, 12 55~83 7575 53~67 and MS. from S. G. O. 55-83 75.78 53'67 30-34 53.91 i856 I O 0"r 2aC(s Dr. T. F. Beckwith. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. I3 53.34 74.94 58'35 34.55 55.30 Oct. i866; Sept. i86S 2 0 R. J. Davis. S. o. 14 54.29 77.96 58.55 42.49 58.32 Jan. i869; Dec.I87O 22 J. M. Sherman. 0 7.2 9. bis 15 9........ 1860 O 2 L. J. Bell and wife.,,,, i6 52.97..49 o 3 Q r9m 3 9s Miller. 1849 0 3 (D~~~~~- 9. 3. 9. ~~S. Coll. 17( ~~1 73-05 i867 0 5 7m 2=9=bl, J.F. Adams. S. O. I8 56.13 74.46 55-3I 40.42 56.58 June, 18583 Oct. 1859 I 5 7m 2a 9a Rev. C. B. Mackee. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. I9 54.05 75.75 53.95 37.52 55.32 Jan. i86I; Dec. I870 2 8 7m 2a 9abis b VW. K. Park and W. S. 0. H.' Ruffner. 20 1857 o 3 7m 2~ 92 T. J. Wickline. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. 21 59.O1 79.87 I854 o 7 " A. Nettleton......c 22 55-I2 75.33 58.47 39.78 57. IS Oct. i866; Dec. 1870o M2 C. Mriehr.0 a9a7m % 9bis C.J. Merriwether. S.O. 23....IZ 75~33 58~47 8181 o (II r 9m 3.%, 9Grinnan. S. Coll. 24 43-94 66.o4 49-I~ 33.51 48. I5 Jan. 1857; Feb. 1859 2 7m 2 J. and f. B. Slaven. 24 3~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~7 29 J. and. 2. S2ven P. O. and S. I. Vol. x. 25 5I1-4 73.68 53-59 34.76 53.27 Nov. I869; Dec. I870 I 2 7m 29.bis W.2A. artin. a't a bs W A.Marin. S.O0. 26 52'82 74.25 54-85 36.94 54.72 Dec. 1856; Oct. I859 2 6 7m 2a 9 H. H. Fountleroy and P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. E. E. Spence. 27 49-10 49-19 32.09 Apr. I853; May, 158 I 8 J. Hotchlkss. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, & S. Coll. 28 53-97 73-94 36-47 Apr. IS56; Apr. i8691 I Io 7m 2, 9 us Dr. J. T. Clarke. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. O. 29 56.63 72.70 54.89 36.96 55.29 1FeB, 1859; Apr. 1861 2 2, J. R. Abell........... 30 55.74 54.93 44.06 Jan. I869; July, I87o I 6 " R. Binford. S. 0 31 59.75 1823; 1828 6 o...... Watson. Am. Aim. 32 62.91 78.0i 66-40 46- 51 63-46 I822 I 0 7m 2 a 9a ~....... Long's Expedition to St. Peter's River, Vol. 2. 33 56.5o 76. 53 6.43 4I.57 59.oI.. 0............. Pat. 2off..... 34 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Pat. Off. Rep. 34 ~'. 1852; 1853 o 3 Webster. 35 54-45 74-98 57~7i 37-I5 56-08 Jan. 1858; M~ar. i86i 3 3 7m 2a 9a bis A. Van Doren. P. O. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. O. 36 50.95 73'65 54'63 35.47 53.68 Nov. I869; Dec. I870 F. Williams. S. 2 37 56' 76 77.17 60.64 42.4I 59.24 Apr. I843; Sept. I870 12 I' Various observers. S Coll., P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. O. 38 53.85 76.9~ 57-43 38.26 56.6i -Feb. I868; Dec. I870 2 10 C. T. Taylor. S.'. 39 54.66 72.85 57.02 39.49 56.~i 1849; 1852 2 8 Or 9m 3, 9a Metteaur. 40 52.22 75.30 58.21 40.90 56.66 Apr. i868; Dec. IS7o 2 9 7m, 2, 9., bis C. R. Moore.S. 0. qr 56.5r 7, 2 9n his C' R. Moore. ~~~~~~~~S. O. 41 56.51 75.56 58'03 40'03 57.53 Jan. 1824; Feb. i86o 7 2 (r N. ( ) Chevalier, D. Turner, Darby's View of the U. S. pp. and J. Applyard. 4 and II, S. O., and S. Coll. 42 53.54 76.35 7 8 38.43 Jan. IS57; Aug. 1858 I I 7m 21 95 G. U. U'shaw. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. 43 53-84 76-45 57-82 5.60. I53; Mar. i86i 5 6 7, 9Bis A. Nettleton and G. P. O. & S. I.Vol. 1, S. Coll., & C. Diclknson. S. O. 44 55.63 75.38 56-56 37.63 56.30 Aug. I856; May,i859 2 4 7m 2A 9 T. C. Ruffin.- -D n -I Q T XT45 55. I9 75.38 58. ~8 38.2-o 56. 74 July, I854; Mar.I86I 6 8 "( D.J.Pri. YO n.I o.I n.O 46 49.52 69. I7 49.92 34.36 50.74 Sept. I867; June,a870 o 7,2~g i r V Sance. IO 47 5I.o8 73.60 52'93 37.56 53.79 Sept. I868; Dec. I87o 2 3 " J. C. Covell.,,, 48...47.49 31.7 o. Sept. 1858; Apr. 1859 o8 49 Apr. Isgg; Apr. IS60 o ~~~~~~~~~7m1 2, 9a J. Hotchktiss. P. O. and S. I. Vol. I. 49......... Apr. 159; Apr. 86o o 3 7 2~ 9~bisJ. Rickett. P. O. andlS. I. Vol. I, and S. O. 50 334..187o o I"L. E. Payne. S. O. 5' 5. 35 7.97..33.65.. 87 o o ~,, ( J. B. Bowman and....t Lilly Thrift. This series is composed of obsservations made at Gosport Navy Yard, the United States Naval Hospital, and Portsmouth proper. This series is not at all reliable. ~' The observations in Jan., Feb., June, July, Nov., and Dec. were made at Fairfax Co. H-o., about three miles southeast of Vienna. 86 TEMPERATURE TABLES. VIROlNIA. —Continued. ~3.~ ~: d NAME OF STATION. ~ ~'~ ~ ~ ~ ~'~ ~f~ b~0 0 ~ ~-~ ~ 1 52. Vienna(near).. 38o55/ 77~I5/ 4oo 4oO.58 350.9~ 4o~.I8 54~.75 64~.35 72~.85 76~.83 75~.27 68~.29 54~.o7 440.o8 36o.61 53. Washington and Lee i University... 37 44 79 24 IO75.... 54. Westwood 37 33 77 27 38.2o 42.~7 50.0o 56.29 65.83 73.3~ 76.69 66'0o 53.88 40.20 31.25...... 74.83 69. ii 57.05 5o. I4 36.86 55- WYthevillel ~ ~ ~ 36 55 8I 03 2257 36.31 35.29 42,1o 52.26 59.7~ 66.88[72.98 71.14 63.47 51.78 40.20 33. i8 i 56. Williamsburg~' ~ ~ 37 I8 76 4o 1oo 41.43 43.68 47.88 57.59 64. oo 72.48 76.49 7.5.26 68.72 59.4I 47.28 42.65 57. Winchester... 39 Io 78 o9.- 31.37 34.37 42.44 51.85 64.38 72.99.... 67.99 54.62 43.68 34.68 58. Woodlawn (near ] i Mr. Vernon).. 38 40 77 xo I5o.................... 44.45 32.95 WASHINGTON' TERRITORY. I. Camp Simiahmoo. 49 oI I22 47 Ix 36.63 37.56 42.86 47.34. 53.76 6o. 80 62.27 6o.84 56. I7 48.47 4~.20 35.7o 2. Camp Steele5.. 48 28 I23 oI 15~ 37.96 4~'38 43.I2 49.o7 54.95 59.74 61.85 6I.o3 57.07 5o.74 45.51 40.9o 3. Cape Disappointment 46 17 124 03 3~ 41.24 42.65 44.96 51.32 56.33 60.52 62.43 61.23 59.12 54.7~ 51.43 4716 4. Cathlamet, near. 46 I5 I23 I2 40 40.05 48.44 52.95 59. I8 64.95 64.45. ii 5. Fort Bellinghmn 4845 122 3~ 88 37.78 39.60 44.68 50.27 55.91 61.13 62.11 62.2I 58.O3 50.16 35'36' 44.50 39.8I 6. Fort Cascades.. 45 39 121 5~.. 36.81 41.51 45.12 5o.38 55'31 63'48 65'52 66'9I 61.37 53.22 43.54 34.73 7. Fort Chehalis.. 46 54 I24 o7 43.25 45.I9 46. I6 48.26 51.26 8. Fort Colville~ 4842 118 o2 1963 I9. I2 26.79 33.20 46.44 55.77 64.75 65.68 62.28 56. I7 48.24 44.2I ~ ~ 69.87 66.49 55.37 42.81 32.8~ 26. IO 9. Fort George... 46 ~8 I23 oo.. 36.~3 42.42 44.79 48.67 53.92 59.59 6~.42 62.67 59.54 56.13 47.59 39.67 xo. Fort Simcoe... 46 3~ I2o 40 30.31 31.8~ 4o. 7I 52.99 60.99 67.85 71.99 72.70 64.49 5o. I8 38.99 32.7I ~x. Fort Steilacoom~. 47 II 122 34 250 37.36 39.92 42.94 48.85 55.8I 6I.I4 64.57 64.54 59.o9 5~.88 44.5~ 39.o6 I2. Fort Townshend8. 48 07 122 45 135 39'I4 4I'36 43'I2 42.56 53.58 59.63.......... 41.41 13. Fort Vancouver. 45 4~ 122 3~ 5~ 37.48 43.67 44.58 46.oo 48.98 62.77 66.03 66.o8 6~.I3 55.~4 43.o8 42-94 I4. Fort Vancouver. 45 4~ 122 3~ 5~ 36.34 37. I7 45.76 50.22 58.43 58.72 61.76 63.05 61.1o 50.44 39.03 36.54 15. Fort VancouverS. 45 4~ 122 3~ 5~ 36.96 4o.4I 44.87 5t.92 58.63 63.04 67.68 66.93 61.21 52.86 44.89 37.54 ~4;I I6. Fort Walla-Walla. 46 03 ~8 20.. 31.35 37.18 42.54 52.38 62.28 70'5~ 77.~I 75.~x 65.25 54.54 41.8o 33.76;'i i7. Koos-Koos-Kee. 46 3~ 122 37.. 31.59 37.58 44.84 52.85 57.80 69.40 7o.47 72.72 68.47 48.96 42.4o 41.52!i8. Lake Washington. 47 36 122 20.. 41.25 50.88 55.53 62.80 68.95 66.1o.. ~I9. Nee-ahBay... 4822 I2437 4o 38.8~ 38.84 39.8I 44..33 5o.43 55.~I 57.o0 57.33 52.97 5[.25 45.39 40.39 20. Port Townshend 48 07 122 45 8 29.63 40.78.. 48.95 53.28 58.48 61.2o 59.85 55.68 47.88 45.55 39.80 21. SinyakwateenDepot 48 25 I~7 18 I894...... 46.9 55.3 62.7 7o.7 68.8........ 22. Tatoosh Island Light-house.. 48 23 124 44 9o 41.94 41.86 44.~3 5~.I2 53.49 57.72 6~.39 59.58 56.5~ 52.82 49.3~ 44.75 23. Walla-Walla.. 46 05 ~8 54 93o, 34.85 ~................. 42.33 37.20 WEST VIRGINIA. x. AshlandS0 ~ ~ ~ 38 34 82 ~o 33.25 45.87 51.OO 56.75 65.8I 73.43 76.9I 75.o~ 69.97 56.45 44.7'21 36.98 2. Ashland.... 38 34 82 lO 6ooi 30.96 37. I5 40.83 53.89 63'I~ 7o'57 76.3~ i 74.58 70.25 53.97 43.56 35.7I 6~~i 3. Ashland.... 38 3~ 82 15 600 35.I4 37.43 42.54 53.89 6~.~5 7~.49 74.72 72.36 68.79 52. I8 42.98 37.60 4. Buffalo.... 38 36 81 56 5~o 27.97 38.09 47.6I 51.25 65.I3 69.72 75-75 71.7o 66.~5 59.3~ 41.93 35.63 5. Buffalo ~ 38 36 8I 56 I... 66.85 81.58 81.82 8o. I4............... 36 5;.83 6. Burning Springs. 38 56 8I 21.. 31.94 3~.................. 7. Capon Bridgen.. 39 16 78 29 ~ ~ 38.96 38.87 43.39 59,94. ~ ~ 8. Ct'ackWhip... 3902 78 33 I72~ 23.3I 3~.48 34.63 45.4I 55.87 68.47 70.54 66.27 60.00 50.38 4o.27 28.3i 9. Cross Creeld~.. 40 16 8o 33 -. 27.58 3~.59 4~.77 48.85 65.47 j 66.49 7~.38 7o.o~ 6x.x5 46'73 36.63 3~.~9 i I The observations from Feb. I868, to Dec. ~87o, were made by J. A. Brown, near Wytheville, the position being Lat. 36057?, Long. 81~o6/, Alt. 2400. The observations fi'om July, ~777, to Aug. ~778, both inclusive, were made at William and Mary College, and are the means of daily extremes between., * assumed to be 8~ 3~, and the corresponding correction applied. 8 A. M. and 4 P. M ~ the hours of observmion were a Observations corrected for daily variation by means of the general table. 4 Bihourly, 6m to ~o~, from July, I857, to Oct. ~858; hourly in Jan. Feb. March, 1859; hourly, 6m to Io~ in April, I859, and at 7m 2~ 9~for remaining I6 months of series. A small correction has been applied to the results for 7~ 28 9~, the rest are assumed to represent very nearly the true mean of the day. TEMPERATURE TABLES. 87 VIRGINIA. —Continued. ~0~~~~~~~~~~~~Q E ~ SERIES. EXTENT OBSERVING 41 OBSERVER. REFERENCES ~R C Begins. Ends. yrs.mos. HOURS. 5253~.09 740~98 550.48 370~70 550-3i Aug. i869; Dec.7o870 i 5 7m2a9abis H.C. Williams. S. O. 53. [ 53.36 I870 o 4 Prof. j. L. Campbell. "" 54 57- 37 74.94 58' 77 39.08 57 54 Jan. I859; Feb. 1852 2 2 C. J. Merriwether. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. 0. 55 5I135 70433 5I.82 34-93 52.11 May, i86o; Dec. I870 4 8 " 9 H. Shriver, W. D. S. O. RoedeI, and J. A. Brown., 56 56.49 74.74 58-47 42.59 58-07 Jan. I76o; Aug. 1778 9 2 Farquier & Madison. Jefferson's Notes on Va., Cott6, and Phil. Soc. Trans. 57 52.89 " 5543 33.47 Sept. I851; Dec. I859 6 7 7m 2a 9a Prof. J. w. Marvin. P. 0. & S. I. Vol. I, and S. Coll. 58 1870 o 2 7m 2a 9abis C. Gillingham. S. O. WASHINGTON TERRITORY. 1 47-99 61.30 48.28 36.63 48.55 July, 1857; June,i86o 3 0 4 Assistant Surgeon. Rep. of N. W. Bound. Com. and MS. from S. G. O. 2 49.05 60.87 5.11 i 39.75 5o. I9 Feb. i86o; Dec. I87O IO 7m 2a 9a MS. from S. G. O. 3 50.87 6i.39 55.o8 43.68 52.76 July, I864; Apr. i869 4'4.... Med. and Surg. Reporter, Feb. I3, I869, & MS. from S. G. O. 4 47.I5 62.86 1870 O 7 7m 2a 9 bis C. McCall. S. O. 5 50.29 60. 82 50.9o 39.06 50.52 Mar. 1857; July, 1859 2 5 7m 2a 9a Assistant Surgeon. Ar. Met. Reg. 186o. 50.27 65.30 52.71 37.68 51.49 May, ay,I86I C....C Ar. Met. Reg. i86o and MS. from S. G. O. 7 48- 56 ) 55-56 44.22 /Aug. i86o; May, r86I 0 IO cc... r MS. from S. G. O. 8 45-I4 67-04 43.66 24.00 44.96 Nov. 1859; Dec. I870 9"1 9( cc c Rep. of N. W. Bound. Com. and MS. from S. G. O. 9 49,.3 6r.23 54.42 39.4I 5Io5 June, I82I; Mar. 1824 2 0 6m N. 6' Scouler. Edinburgh Journ. of Sci. Vol. vI. IO 51-56 7o. 85 51.22 31.6I 51.31 Apr. I857; Apr. IS59 2 7m 2a 9g Assistant Surgeon. Ar. Met. Reg. I86o. 11 49.2o 63.42 5I.83 38.78 5o.8I Nov. 1849; Mar. I868 17 7.. Ar. Met. Regs. 1855 and 186o, and MS. firom S. G.!/ 12 46.42 40.64.. Jan. 1859; May, i86I 1 2 Ar. Met. Reg. i86o, and MS. from S. G. O. 13 46-52 64.96 53.I2 41.36 51.49 Nov. 1832; Oct. I833 1 0 M. N........ Sill. Journal. 14 5I.47 6i.I8 50.19 36.68 49.88 Oct.; Mar. I 6 7, I Parkter. Dove. 15 5 5.Si 65.88 52.99 38.30 52.24 June, 1841; July, I868 17 5 7m 2a 9% McLaughlin, Assistant Willkes, Ar. Met. Regs. I855 & Surgeon. 186o, and MS. from S. G. O. i6 52-40 74. I7 53.86 34.10 53.63 Jan. 1857; May, IS67 8 10 cc Assistant Surgeon. Ar. Met. Reg. I86O, and MS. from S. G. O. I7 51-83 70.86 53.28. 36.9~ 53.22.......... 2o0 (D, 2. O 9. Dove, I857. x8 49.22 65.95 I870 o 6 7M 2: 9a bi Is.jE., Whilworth. S. O. I9 44-86 56.48 49.87 39.35 47.64 June, 1862; Mar. 1867 3 1 J. G. Swan. 20 59.84 49.70 36.74 Sept. I867; Aug. 868 o II cc S. S. Bentley. "" 2I 67.40 i86o 0 5 7m 2a 9a........ Rep. of N. W. Bound Com. 22 49.25 59.56 52.88 42.85 51.13 Apr. i869; Dec. 187o0 1 9 7m 2, 9a bis A. Sampson. S. O. 23 N6v. I869; Jan. I87O0 3' A. H. Simmons. cc WEST VIRGINIA. I 57'85 75'12 57'05 38 70 57'I8 I85I-I854 22 (Dr 9m 3a 9a Prof. G. R. Rossi'ter, MS. in S. Coll. S. Couch. 2 52.61 73.82 55.93 34.6i 54.24 Jan. 1854; Jan. 1858 3 2 7m 2a 9a' cc... P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. 3 52.49 72.86 54-.65 36 72 54. I8 Feb. x865; July, 1870 4 6 7m 2a 9a bis C. L. Roffe. S. O. 4 54.66 72.39 55.79 33-90 54.I9 I852 I ) Or 9m 3, 9u Prof. G. R. Rossiter. MS. in S. Coll... 80.8.858 7 2- 9, W.R. Boyors. P.O. and S. I. Vol. I. 6~~~. x868 7m 2a. 9al~ R. H. Boliven S. O. 7.4740 I857 7,~ 2~ 9 Dr. J. J. T. Offutt. P.O0. and S. I. Vol. r. 8 5.3~ x83 5.2 2/70 4~I Tn 856; May,r86I " D. H. Ellis. P. O. and S. I, Vol. I, & S. O. 9 2.03 69. 29 48. 17 30 2 49.9~ /Nov. 1858; June,IS o I81 6o " B.D. Sanders..... $ Also known as"(eCamp Pick~ett" and " San Juan Island."'IObservations previous to 1855 at C)~ 9m 3a 9,; they were referred to 7m 2, 9~' 8 For additional observation in this vicinity, see " Port Townshend."' 0 Observations for four months, in I841, at 6m 2a 6a, and for four years and one month, fi'om Dec. I849, to Dec. 1854, at CQr 9 3, 9~; they were referred to 7mi 2, 9~' I0 Observations at 7m 2~ 9~ after Jan. I853. n1 Observations in March and May imperfect. re Also known as "CTrout Run Valley" and Wardenville. 88 TEMPERATURE TABLES. WEST VI]RGrINIAz. —Continued. IO~ Grafton.... - " 76..... io. Grafton39~2I/[ 79056,. 28~'77 37~'03 40~.33 54~.45 6i~.2~ 760 9 760.40 70~.49 560.86 460.91 35~.I8 i]i. Holiday's Cove..40 2 2 i80 37.....76.98 63. 76 54.36. 12. Kanawahl... 38 53 8] 25..3.3 4.644.90 55.39 62.84 690~.77297'62 64' I9 56.27 43.49 35-48 13. Kanawah... 38 53 81 25..22.00 38.05 42.34 52.42 63.39 71.57 76.87 72.8o 65. 55 56.61. 42.05 3I.3I 14. Lewisburgh...37 49 8 0 2 8 2000 29.03 37. 21 44. o7 48.00o 62.3 66.4 71.51 68.6o 6i.42 5i.63 39.73 33. i6 15. LewisburghS.. 37 49 80 28 2000 33.18 39.48 47. I 8 53.37 66.76 72.62 78.47 74.24 68.62 570 4.83.45 i6. Lewisburgh. 37 49 8o 28 2000 3o. 64 34. 12 40.79 51.59 62.98 69.35 74.05 71.95 64.03 52.01 4168 33.49 i 7. New Creek Depot 39 25 79 oo- 38 99 40.87 742 18. N. R. Mills... 39 20 78 29. 33i.5 34.7 5 3.-5 57.3 ~""i.. 19. Peach Grove Lodge 3915 8I 0 I oo 20.19 26.08 31 76 53.86 6;.24 71.6o 76.88 70.69.. 20. Point Pleasant..38 51 82 09.480 32.32 37.79 48.79 44.64 73.50 72.I3. 38.36 39.83 2I. Poplar Grovea.. 38 20 8I 3~ 72o 34.92 38.98 44.2-8 i52.88 64. 15 70.35 75. 76 72.70 6i82 5)5.o 5 43.75 37.97 22. Romney.... 39 20 78 42 573 29.26 30.68 44.o3 50.42 5.97.466127465.8 52.73 42.8 9O 23. Salem... 394.0 8.. 6.1 54. 3 97 39 20 80 OI'IIOO ~~ 36.93- 47. 72 4.i6.'67.o81. 695I4 5o.5139. 7 i3 24. Sistersville...39 34 80 56 54.. 57.I3 69 i6 730i54 05 8 3-3 25. esto. 3 0 8228.87 3.6 359 69. 85 Ii42.98 4O. 1 2 26.Whie Dy...39 302 792 8.27 36.94 35959 63.81 72.67 8i.65 77. 71 67.73 54.35 451 9 33.21 27. Wheeling. ~~40 o5 80 43 6o0, 31.43 32.90 42.37 51.40 42.1 28.69 28. Wirt Court House4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I42 1 28.Wir CurtHOUC4 39 05 8I 26 "i28'29 33'69 37.67 47.49 60. 25 72.58 75.62 72.4I 63.~84 53. 88 3S 3876 35.02 wISCONsiN. I. Appleton (Lawrence 44 i8 88 31 800 I7.99 20.7 3.67 42.44.8677 o.7 65.94 5.247.o7 33. 52 2 1.68 University) 79 3 3 545 6577 7 3592 2. Azalan... 4 04 8 55 S08 6.82 29.60 35.97 43.28 56.4~ 68.o6 71.29 69.56 62.63 48.37 354 208 3. Baraboo....43 29 9 5 4920 I88 23.03 2.44.]7.866273.I7 6962.5 49.27 34.5 22.14 4. Bay City (or Ashland).... 46 36 9i oo 61o 13.94 12.27 23.45 33.02 4.5.20 56. 58 65.08 60. 90 53.48 39.38 26.40 15.90 5. Bayfield.... 46 5~ 90 5 7 " I 3'44 ]5'~8 23'68 3S.59 49.65 6~'I15 67.84 63.59 54. 70 41.59 30.25 i8.21 6. Bellefontaine..43 30 89 1 5 750 18.47 22.21 33.24 45.42 57.97 68. 79 72. 58 7o. 75 6i.74 48.71 34.o8 2].32 7. Beloit College..42 30 89 11 75o0 19.77 23.64 20'53 74 68.39 72.3 69.617 4 8 5 249 4 32.05 45-37 57-44 -38 6933 - 76 8-50 34-99,23.06 8. Bloomfield... 42 35 88 32 600 18.38 23. 54 30.79 4.o55.66 66.22 71.3o 67.83 6.45 46.12 5.3 22.20 9. Ceresco.... 43 5~ 88 57 9I7i 17.15 8.71 30.78 48.87 59907.20 7.S o o 5-9~3. io. Dartford. 4..45 89 I 6 -5 I 7-~256 69.13 6I2i 43 45 850 17-05 2~0-32 3.69 44.24 52.5-5359153.2 I I. Delafield (or Sum- 43 04 88 34 900 22.59 24.51 33.43 44.28 56.03 64.14 69.4] 68.3o 6o.82 48.94 35. 74 22.50 mit) 12. Delavan... 42 39 88 42 957 15.69 23.O1'27. 57 44.65 52.33 67.29 68.84 66.34 6o. 544.o 6.1.96 [3. Edgerton ~ 42 38 89 oo 1700! 18.94 22.54 30.94 46.41 61.15 68.22 74.24 70.06 61.76 47.65 3 7.-05 2 2.43 14. EmbarrassS...45 89 oo..15'19 2~0.78 26.71 40.58 54.4] 65.I19 69.95 65.32 58.09 44. 56 32.54 18.77 I5. Emerald Grove..42 39 88 54 1oo5 23.92 26.48 34.6o 2. 0 54367.3 7 o16.57 6.o5 48.o7 34.48 I9.19g I 6. Fort Crawford..43 03 9 1 I14 642 I9.47 21.72 34. 59 51.02 59.78 69.89 75.-58 72.19g 6i. 64 489 351 226 ]17. Fort Howard..44 33 88 09 62 0 i 8.83 20.10o 31.19 43..20 55.87 66. 27 7I.57 67.93 5 7. 28 46.75 34.24 21.I15 i ~~~~~~~~~~~~~8. Fr iieao 4 3 8 5 70 1-5 S53 32.64 47.33 57.07 65.97 7I. 26 67.48 57.92 4 7.25 32.]I2 21.34 1 9. Galesville (Univ./ 44 07 91 29 775 21.oo0. 69.48 69.68 20. Green Bay.' 49 88 00 732 68.19g 630 45.14 359877 44 29 15- g 23-00 27I4 39- 77 54.46 66.36 69.85 68 0.4 4. 8 3 5 9 7.66 21. Greenfield... 44 oo 90 45 750 63.28 68.28 70 5 63o 6-8 4. o 37 8 1455 22. Green Lake.. 43 45 8900o 670 24. 57 27.22 32.1~3 40.37 50.42 67.48 69.35 67.33 60. 90 49. I6 37. II 20.35 23. Holland. 43 36 87 58 670 15.~I 23.49 27. I7 43. 58 56.20 63.93 69.9I 67.67 60. 58 44.6 I 35.22 23.05 24. Janesville o 4'2 4 1 89 oo70 i-0 06 I2 4 5.57 5742 6.8 23.61 25. Kenosha.... 42 35 87 56 600 23.86 26.07 33.o6 4o. 96 52.4~ 63.43 7o. 5x 68.50 60. 94 49.7I 36.46 26.70 26. Lake Mills..431 06 89 02..12._50 21.5~ 26.81.. TEMPERATURE TABLES. 89 WEST VlRGINLP,.~Continued. ~'~ SERIES.:XTENT OBSERVING ~ OBSERVER. REFERENCES.'~ li l ~ ~ Begins, Ends. cs mos, 51~'9' 58:.79 133].66 Feb. I868 I I 7~42a~``bis Dr. W. H. Sllal. p. S.O. 1858 o 3 R.B. Sanders. 54.31.4o 54.65 / 36'~6 5 Jan. 1829; Jan. 1843 7 IO.m ~, P' O. and S. I. Vol. I. ~ D. Ruffnet. MS. in S. Coil. 52'7: ii7 Jan. I867; 75 Jan. 54,74 / 30'45 I856; July, I859 2 8 7m 2~ % D.L. Ruffnet, W.C. P.O. and S. I. Vol. I. Reynolds. 5t,4g 86 50.93 /33.13 I851; Mar. I853 2 o 9m Patton. MS. ill S. Coll. 55'7; ~;[;9 Apr. II 56.73 ] 36.37 I85I —I854 3 9 9m3~'......... 51'7( 78 52.57 32.75 52.22 Jan. I854; Mar. I86I 7 I 7m2~9a Dr. T. Patton, Dr. J. P.O. andS. I. Vol. I, andS. O. W. Stalnaker..... 1854 o3 " M. McDonald. P.O. and S. I. Vol. I. i868 o 4 2`` S.J. Stump. S.O. i 48.9~ o6 1856 o 8 7m 2,~ 9~ W, C. Quincy. P.O. and S. I. Vol. I. 55.6,~ ii | 3o.',65 Nov. 1858; June, i859 o 8 " W.R. Boyers.,....... 53.77 94 54.87 ~37.29 5i.72 ]lJune, 1856' Jan. 1861 4 4 " J.E. Kendall. P.O. andS. I. Vol. I, andS. O. 51.o5 30 53.79 t 29'65 51'9 May, 1866; Sept. I87O 3 I 7m 2~. 9, his W.H. McDowell. S.O. July, 1857; Mm'. 1858 o 5 7~ 2`` 9`` J.C. Wells. P.O. and S. I. Vol. I. 1.5 ] 5 8 34.121 1857 0 7 " E.D. Johnson.,....... Nov. 1865; Mar. 187o o 6 7m 2`` 9~bi~ B. Owen. S.O. 55.76 136.14 i868; Mar. i86o ii tIMay,,, Dr.m.A. Sharp.,,,, OII'~ ~, |3I.OI Nov. I859; Apr. 186o o 6 7m2~9~ G.P. Lockwood. P.O. andS. I. Vol. LandS. O. 48.47 52'I6 I 32':33 5 ~ 2 May, 18563 Dec. 1858 2.8 " Dr. j. w. Hoff. P.O. all(] S. I. Vol. I. / WISCOHSIN. 42.53 67.48 46.64 2o. 15 44.20 Jan. I856; May, IS7~ 4 7m 2~ 9.,bi~ Prof. R. Z. Mason & P.O. andS. I. Vol. LandS. O. others. 45.22 69.64 48.95 25.60 47.35 I85O; I85I lI Qr 9m 3`` 9`` Brayton. S. Coll. 44.oi 70.65 48.78 21.35 46.20. 185o; Dec. 187o 6 7~ 2a 9``bis M.C. Waite, & Mills. S.O. and S. Coil. 33.89 6o. 85 39.75 14, o4 37. x3 July, I856; Apr. 1866 11,, Dr. E. Ellis. P.O. andS. I. Vol. LandS. O. 37.3I 63.86 42. I8 15.58 39.73 Sept. 1858; Dec. 187o 6,, J.H. Nourse and A.'.......,, Tate. 45.54 7o.71 48. I8 20.67 46.27 I85o; I853 o (~)r 9m 3`` 9`` Gay. S. Coll. 44.95 7o.03 48.42 22.16 46.39 Jan. I85o; July, 1867 5 7m 2 9,~ his Prof. W. Porter and P.O. and S. I. Vol. I, S. O., & others. S. Coil. 8 43.45 68 45 47.37 21.37 45.16 May, I863; Dec. I87o,, W.H. Whiting. S: O. 46.52 i4 47.93. Mar. I854; May, 1855 I 7~ 2`` 9`` Miss M. E. Baker. P.O. and S. I. Vol. L lO, 42.49 68.28 48.26 2[:;7 45.25 Mar. 1861; Apr. I862 I I 7m 2`` 9,,~,i~ M.H. Powers. S.O. II 44.58 67.28 48.50 23.20 45.89 Jan. I845; June, IS63 Io 2 ~ N..Q~ E. W. Spencer and MS. in S. Coll., S. O., P.O. 12 41.52 67.49 47.99 I9.55 4.4. I4 Sept. 1864; Dec. I867 3 and S. I. Vol. L 13 others. 46. I7 70.84 48.82 21.3o 46.78 July, 3 7~ 2= 9=bi~ L. Eddy. S.O. I867; Dec~ 187o " W.J. Shintz.,,,, 14 40.57 66.82 45.06 18.25 42.67 Oct. I856; Dec. I87O 8 lO,, J.E. & E. E. Breed. P.O. andS. I. Vol. I, andS. O. 15 44.18 68.82 47.87 23.20 46.02 Mar. 1849; I853 I ~ C)r9m3``9a Densmore. S. Coil. 16 48.46 72.55 48.60 21.29 47.73 Jan. 1822; Aug. I845 x 7~ 2 9`` Assistant Surgeon. Ar. Met. Res. I855. 17 43.42 68.59 46.09 20.03 44.53 Jan. 1822; May, I852 21,,'.......... 18 45.68 68.24 45.76 19.81 44.8'7 Jan. 1829; Aug. 1845 15.....,,,,,,, I9 ~ June, 1867; Jan. I868 o 7m 2a 9,, bi~ W. Gale. S.O. 20 03 40.46 68. IO 47.43 18.62 43.65 May, 1858; Sept. I865 3 " D. Underwood and P.O. and S. I. Vol. I, and S.O. F. Deckner. 21.. 68.38 5o. oI 187o o 8 " G. Pegler. S.O. 22 40.97 68.05 49.06 2i.;5 4i. 53 Jan. 1850; Mar. 1852 2 2 ~r 2~ F.C. Pomeroy. Am. Aim. 1852 and S. Coil. 23 42.32 67.17 46.80 20.52 4.4.20 Oct. 1868; Dec. 187o 2 2 7m 2a 9.,his J. DeLyser. S.O. 24 44.75 70.43 48.25 20.84 46.07 Jan. 1853; July, 1862 8 6 7m 2., 9~ J. F. Willard and P.O. and S. i. Vol. I, S. O., others. and S. Coll. 25 42'I4 67'48 49'04 25'54 46'05 185~; June, I863 9 9 Rev. j. and Dr. G.,.....,, Gridley. 26.... 1861 o 7m J. Atwood. S.O. 27 1864 o 23 7~ 2`` 9= ~;i~ J.c. Hicks.,,,, 28 37.98 66-52 46.72 20.49 42.93 1857 i o...... N.C. Daniels. Am. Aim. 1859. 29 43.47 69. II 48.20 2o. 84 45.40 Jan. 1853; Dec. I87o 9 3 7m 2~ 9,~ bi~ Various observers. P.O. and S. I.Vol. I, S. O.,and S. Coll. 30 41.65 65.30 47.27 23.72 44.48 Oct. 1851; Dec. I87o 19 " J. Liips. P.O. andS. I, Vol. Land S. O. 36 3x 23. I I Oct. 1859; Mar. 1858 o 7m 2~ 9~ Col. D. Underwood. P.O. and S. I. Vol. I. 32 43.04 67.02 48.96 24.00 45-75 Jail. 1837; Dec. I87o 26 7 7m 2~9abts Dr. I. A. Lapham and S. Coil., Am. Aim. 1852 and others. foll., P.O. and S. I. Vol. i, and S. O. -.______ a Also known as "Kanawah Salines." i Also known as "Elizabethtown." s The observations previous to 1864 were made by J. E. Breed at New London, about four miles south of Embarrass. I2 lXlovEM~EV,, I874. TE'E:MPERATUR-E TABLES. 90 WISCONSIN i-Co~nfinued.:.. I 4i NAEoF STAToN. 0 ~4 4 C 33-~~~ Moie~ 441806 750 I3~.24 I 7~0.67 250.38 4~5~.33 58~.6o 66~.2o 6'8 2-85 1 4-o3'7 6-5 34.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Mt..orri 59.. 3z.744 io6 920371520 35. New Danemore 44 I7 /90 38 [. /20.60 / 7.80 /36'41 41.09 67557.I68 67 1i6.4 8.4466 4 3. 0 /'~ 36. New Holstein 43.8 ~3I9 37. New Lisbon ~~~~~~~~~43 52 /90 I7l. J[i6.5I 20.56 /28.2I [451. 2 57o 603 72.93 67 6o50 446 392 07.38. New Richmond. 45 o6/92 42 /[|'/.'/ 40'I7 way 50 88 10 753 9.75.54 27-37 47-I, 56 71-14 74"56 68.58 6o. 21 5O. Ol 34.'4811 6.22 39. Nordevi... 4230 9 4o. Parde'eville 43 29 89 14 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~46'59 I35'92 [15'1~O 4I. Parfreyville 4(or2 26'75 57 t7 02 5-7 62 09 Rural) 42. Platteville...42- 45 [90 37 /8ool 17;22 /21.21 32 6 4 07 76[ 7.'03 34 99 33-6i 20.68 4.Pym o t... 4 45 88 o6 I87ol 6.5 I99 6 25- 75 4b 4054 5I3 64'67 69'5 7 34 7 43 43 45 69. ~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~65'7 58'34 44.08[34.82 [20.7 44. Prescott.... 44 46192 55 /8oo/ 4.23 1' 4.50 35,~00 47'o9 29'9I I 28.06 45 a ine 42 43.7. 5 93 04 66.73 9.89 63.35 59.oo 5o, 52 [36.9I[ 26.oo 4.Ripon College..43' 48 /88 33/. 1/I7"33 /I7.75/ 25.90 46 67.44 7. 5 64.3 t39.68 [22. io 47. Rocky Run...143 2618919. i HI6.9o [21.6o 29.33I 450: 74 67.49 7 I.oo 68.33 6o6 4 48. St. Croix Falls 4 7 9 7 6o 2.o II0 31 53 49. Southiport ~ ~.42 30 87 30.[ 28.2'7 [29.06 [41'52 /07 64. 78 69.48 77.6i 62.89 50.59 47.37 [21.47.5o. Springdale. ~43 31 /89 16 [. [i9.63 ]23.53 [38. 80 464 586[545 6.S 5I. Sturgeon Bay..44 52 [87 30 35 1/4.9[ I7.80 26.30 [44.46'[S.g 67.85 7o. I8 66.63 62.80 5o. 59 138/.30 24.70 52. Superior.... 46 44 9 13 680 1.56 tI. I7 [22.22 36.76[4-3 5-3 45 3 0 5-1 4- -5 J03 37 53. Waterford...42 48 88 I8 1.[ 7.50 26.o 3032 463 536 66. 75 [32.13 [2I.I3 54. Watertown 43 I 84 4 65.6 55' Waukesha ~ ~~~~43 o 88 20 812 I8.47 1 9.48 3.84885.89 68-3j8 2.78 68.1i8 62.05 4931 3.0 2431O 56.-~ Waupaca. 4 I S 0 90 1.24 2.. 2S8.73 43.98 S6.53 69.27 72.57 68.68 60. 05 46.45 f36.o6 22 I.5 57. Wausau.... 44 5 8 [89 43 1. [ 4.97 |22.42 25.42 40.03 58.29 65.03 76.62 6-9 5-5 38 32 49 58. Weyauwega... 42 90 7 52 1-3 27. 54 44.25 56.82 67.70 70.33 66.5I 62.75 44.78 }32.56. 23.42 WYOMING. I.~~~~~~ Cam Sct 41I 2 i8.38 26.98 352 424 46.50 53. 54 21.2 2. Camp Stanbaugh 1.. 3.73 3. Deer Creek Agency 429 o0 50 ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~32.14 18.32 4 ~~~~4 II 5. Fort D. A. RusSell 4 21 8 0 2-4 3.I 86 88 36 86 3 4 5~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~6.0 57 3. 6 4 487055.5~' 42.98 386 332 6. Fort Fetterman. 42 45 1o53 28.11I27 o I9 54.41 62.35 71.23 66.32 552332 7' Fort F. Steele 4I 45 17 1 32 4 6 2-8 4-4 5.4 6-7 6-5 6. 68 40 67 00 8. Fort Hall~e23.41 34 i65 80. I6 23-72 2.2 3-9 547 62.41I 579 68.g 95 4.7 45 I5 8. Fort Sanders. I 13.0 3 8 /1 o6 20.i60 23.726 285 386 5 47-15 ~~57.26621 66.79 62.07 53-94 41.86 35.49 21.3 12. Fort Larampsn 4 8ie5 i.6 13. Gilbert's Trading4P28.'42 2183 6.6 6.40 74.90 73.596-7 49.2836478 rid' 2 2.80 4;-[lO4' 9 Io. Swetatrt P. erey 42 30 /I~6 700 4.8z. 4 5.66927. TEMNPERATU TITRE TABLEL~ES. 9 W~ISCONSIN.-Continued.nued B E~~~4 SERIES. EXTENT'l OBSERVING E~~~~~r OBSERVER. REFERENCES. Begins. Ends. yrs.MOS. HOURS. 33 143~IO [650-36 4~40-96 )150-89 42 O 33 Jan. i859; Dec. 1870 1 2 7. a 9a bisi Dr. J. S. Pashley and P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. 0. J. 0. Donogh~ue. 34 II S ~ ~ l ~~ j 88 0 2 7M 2a 9a..... P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. 35 4 ~9 6i~38' I i 1897 44'..1 Jan.15;JneIg 6, N. 6, E. Haeluser. 36.. ] JDec. i864; Jan. i865 a 97 2 a bisF ~thz.O 37 4 S6 6.8 696 19.27 44. 85 T 1870; unI~ 2 10I C~ I~ L. Dungen. 3S1.. I. ~ I. I IS66 0 l I C. Scribner. 39 43~8' 71~43 48. 23 I5~50'44-74 JMar. 1856; Nov. i861 1 4 7M 2., a E. Himoe and. S. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. i, and S. 0. Armstrong. 40 185~ ~ ~ I ~ I ~9 0 1 S. Armstrong. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. 41 42.88 1 6.24 49~43 (22. o j 5~IJMay, iS~o; Apr. iS65 1 1 7M 2, 9, bl, R. H. Struthers, and S. 0. J. C. Hickis. 42 46.75 73-43 49-00 19~ 70 47.22 Sept. 1851; Dec. I859 9 4 7. 2, 9 Dr.~ J. L. Pickard. P. 0. and S. 1. Vol. I, & S. CoX.Z 43 39.23 66-78 45- 75 19-08 42-71 Jan. I 865; Feb. 1870 4 10 7. 2, 9a bi, G. Moeller. S. 0. 44 - 1.6o Oct- I857; Mar. 1858 o 6 7M 2a ga Rev. S. L. Hillier. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. 45 39. o 66'.66 4i-'48 22.02 44. 24 Nov. i855; Jan. i86i I II c E. Seymour, W:~n. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. 0. Durham, and H. W. Phelps. 46 42.i6 68.78 i. 1 o.6 1 (Nov. i86 2ugIs6 I, 9.i. bis Prof. W. H. Ward. S. 0. 47 43-9i 68.94 47/.08 19. 89 44. 6 Aug. 1859; Dec. TS0I I Cc W~. W., Curtis. P. 0. and S. 1. Vol. I, & S. 0. 48 19... I.30I.. I Dec. I857; Mar. 1858 0 4 7m 2a 9a M. T. W. Chandler P. 0. and S. 1. Vol. I. &r W. M. Blanding. 49 i ~(7~25~22.71. 1 849; 0 10 II,9,9 Gridley. S. Coll. 50 47-97 i ~I~ ~I ~ 1 86o 0 7 7. 2a 9a bis S. Armstrong. S. 0. 61 2.89 6822 5. 6 1'. 4 4 -.20 0 if cc I "L R. M. Wri ~ht. cc 46 6i.534~I92 42. I8 13-0 38. 15 June, 1855; Dec. i867 10 7 ".a 2a G. R. Stuntz, E. H. U. S. Lake Survey, Rep. of Bly, W. 11. Newton, i867-68, P. 0. &r S. I. Vol. I, W. Mann. and S. 0. 53 43~4I( ~~ I ~~ 1 21-56 11. lNov. i86o; Apr. i863 o o 7,g,, S. Arms~trong. S. 0. 54 1 ~172.19 47-42 1852; I853 0 8 0, 9m 3.,, Ayres S. Coll. 55 44~ I2 69- 78 48.12t 20. 75 45.69 Mar. 1856; Mar. I859 2. 7M 2a ga Prof. S. A. Bean, Dr. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. L. C. Lyle. 56 43.08 70. 17 47~52 20 4 5~I(Dec. i863; Dec. 1870 7 5 7m 2a 9a bis H.~I C. Mead, C. D). S. 0. Webster. 57 41.25 6o. 68 44~87 17~46 43-31 Nov. 1858; Dec. IS 9 1 2 7m 2a ga Dr. W. A. Gordon. P. 0. and S. 1. Vol. I. 58 42~87 6~I8 46~70 I~3" 11 44~27 June, I860 MayIg67 $7 ~,z,9,,2 Various observers. S. 0. 41-09o 22.19. IDec. 1857; June, 1858 0 7 7m1 2; S Assistant Surgeon. Ar. Met. Reg i86o. 2 1 ~I~ ~I~ / ~ ~I870 0 1 Ic MS. from S. G. 0. 3 1859 0 2 4 C MLaj. T. S. Twiss. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. 4 3g-'75 62.98 42-56 2o.8i ( 4I.27 J13uly, I858; Dec. I870/ IO 6 4 C Assistant Surgeon. Ar. Met. Reg. i86o, and MS. from S. G. 0. 5 36-43 63- 73 45-72 27~ 50 43-35 Dec. i869; Dec. 1870 I I (C C Ms. from S. G. 0. 6 41-I4 66.63 43-93 1 ~I ~INov. i868; Dec. 1870 1 9CC CC 7 40. 99 66. 36 45.88 22.' 8 43'.93 Jan. i1869; Dec. 1870 2 0 39-32 65.60 43-39 2.2.I13 42.6i Sept. iS62; Nov. i866 3 ( 9 46.93 7 ~ — 5 49-39 29-31 49-56 Sept. 1849; Dec- 1870 17 9' Ar. Met. Regs. 1,855 and i86o, and MS. fr~om S. G. 0. 10 39-97 73-41 48-78 23-14 46-33 Jan. i867; July, i868 7 1 ( IMS. from S. G. 0. 11 38.2o0 61 -84 44.23 23.26 1141-88 Se~pt. i866; Dec. 1870 3 8 ( 1 2. I.. I. ( 1858 0 1 W IT'. 11. Wagner. P. 0. and S. 1. Vol. I. 13 I ~I~ ~ ~1 ~IDec. i858; Jan. 1859 02 C 1C H. Miller. I( rt rt 14 4;-87 i8.I.. I. II64 0 3 7M 2, 9a bis A. F. Ziegler. S. 0. l~E~IdO~. —~Continued. 8. MxicoCity.. 1 1927/ 9005176~1 1... I.. 1650.5~ 650.7~ 166'.Io 162~.60 ~600.4~ ~6x.5o 157o.9~ 1560.7~. g. Pv~~~inatitlan.II 1 ~ ~~785 9 0 4. j. 1729 8I'58 82' 72 8(" 3t 78' 59 78'25 77'35 7~I 7~5 701 xo. Miado.ua x9 I5 96 40;~~~1 I078 64~~o8 67.85 70.46 73.5I 7:;.27 70.96 7I.55 7~.59 68.67 46 25 12. Tuxpan... 120 45 97 17 I1 ~ ~ ~ ~ 78.93 75.93 73.38 69-9~ x3. Veta Grand 22 5~ IO0225 ]0 49.0 o6 5.35 57-65 6o. 13 63-37 6:7.52 6o. 3I 59.49 58.62 58.37 55.44 52-00 I4. Vera Cruz 19 I2 96 o9 2 69.98 71.6o 73.40 77~ 8.4 I81.6 8~08~08.6 7~417~8 I I5. Vera, Cruz I9 12 96 o9 2 x6. VeraCruz 19.I I2 I 9609 21 73.~o 73.31 76.9o 77.43 8;.79 8(:.33 8;.x7 8I'.6x 8o. 66 79.93 74.58 7I'-77 r. Licrein: loa 84"1337 60.9 69~71 1~" 7'~7 7'~78 Ba 6913 70.57 68.54 67.69 69.44 70.39 3. SatofLmn os... 9I 54 84 06 3 7 772 76~58I.34 6 7~ 9~88.2578 7 3~ San JsG;. 9 4 84 o~3772 6S~4 69.25 70.45 72.;0o 72:919 71.9o 68.2 74 68I.5 68.19g 67.57 67.36 I. uatmal.. 4 35 9~ 3~ 4~96I 62.74 64.39 66.49 6i8.96 68.55 68. I4 66.83 66.86 66.73 66.64 64.72 6402 [!I. Belize. 72 81 5 7..... 2. Belize. I 1 29 88 12. 75-r 78.9 78. 80o. 8I. 82. 82. 82. 82. 8I. 79.75 75. 2. Beize.... 29 8 12 7.I5 7.94 9.55 79-49 81.9o 83.67 82.74 83.12 82.55 8o.81 78. I3 74.9' 3. Truxillo...I5 54~ 86 oo so......82. 75 81.85 8o.27 77.24. 74.o8 I. Leon....i 12 20 86 3~ 8o " 80'46:: 2. NicaLragua (Vi~'gil~ BaLy)... II I 24 85 39 1~7.25. B4L3~~~a 8t~B A~HAMILNS. x. Nassau (New Pro- 25 05 77 2I 80 74..31 73.8x 77.2x 78.46 8o.[8 82.74 85'.23 85.5.3 84.32 8o. 94 76.39 75,98 vidence) 2. Nassau (New Pro- 1125 05 77 21 80/ 6c. 73. 76. 7879. 83. 87. 88. 87. 8o. 74. 7o. vidence) 3~Salt Cay.... 6 71'5 20 74..55 4~ Tuk~s~san;121' 2 71 5 I5 6.94 7i.i2 7i~o5 7~.;2 79'I-0 80'31 82'34 8i. 44 8i.4o 82.;2 80.;4 75 I. Bermuda (R. ~N. 32 23 64 40.. lb61.88 6I.o 461.83 64. o9 69.65 73.99 78-24 05 89 3I 72 43 Hospital, Centre Signal Station) 2. St. George...32 23 64 43 I23 6I.5 62.7 62.2 60.7 7o.7 75.i 74'2 8o.0 77.o 72.4~ 69.7 64.8 TEMPERATURl E TABLES. 93 MEXLCO. —Continucd. = E ~ ~ SERIE~S. EXTENT OBSERVING'; -4~ OBSERVER. REFER ENCES. PC4 = Begins. Ends. yrs.mos. HouRs. 8 663'~.03 58~.7~0 ~ I.. 1769 o 8...... Alzate. Blodget's Climatology. 9 8oJ.86 79.~5 75'80 M lay, 1858; May, I859 o I~ 7 3,1 C. Lazlo. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. Io 7o. 61 71.59 67.98 62~.80 68~.25 Jan. 1854; Dec. I870 x6 o 7. 2 9.bis C. Sartorius. P.O. and S. I. Vol. I, and S. 0. I1 I.. 1., I.; o...II., /4'Feb' I86I; Nov. I862 o 3 " C. Lazlo. S. O. 12 76(. 07.8 I867 o 4 B I3. Crowther. 13 6o. 38 6I.II 57.48 5o.8o 57.44 I839; 184o 2 o 8~m2 4!B Burkhardt. Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1847. I4 77,00 81.92 78.26 70.88 77.02 179I; 18o03 13 o...... Orta. 15 77.90 81.50 78.62 7I.96 77.72...................... Bridgewater Treatise. i6 78. 7I 81.o4 78. 39 72.73 77.72 June, 1847;" Aug. 1859 3 7 " Assist. Surg., Dr. G. Army Reg., P. 0. and S. I. Berendt. Vol. I. COSTA RICA. I 71.54 69.83 68.56 70.04 69.99 i868 I 0 7m 2a 7a Sefor Rohrmoser. S. 0. 2.. 80.03 77.80 Oct. I865; Aug. I866 0o Io " Philip Valentin. MS. in S. Coll. 3 7j.68 69. I 7 67.97 68.32 69.28 Jan. I86I; June, I86I 4 I 7m 2, 9a bi C. M. Raotte, Dr. A. S. 9i Frantzius.! ~~~~~~GUATEMALA. I 68.oo 67.28' 66.03 63.72 66.26 Jan. I845; Dec. 1859 4 o Bailly & A. Canndas. Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1847, P-.O. and S. I. Vol. I. HONDURAS. x 79.67 S2.00 80.92 76.00 79.6o........... I 0........ Martin's Brit. Colonies p. 138. 2 SO-3I 83-IS 80.50 76.00 80.00' "863 I o max. &min. S. Cockburn. S. Coll. 3 ~ ~.......... I854 o 5 9m 3a E. Purdot. P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. NICARAGUA. x.......... x~ ~~ I ~~ I ~~ I849 o I C), 9s 3. Squier. S. Coll. 2 1.. i.. 1.... I.. I1 1865 o I 7, 2. 6a F. M. Rogers. S. O. BAHAMA ISLAN.DS. I 78.62 84.50o 80.55 74.70 79.59 Jan. 184I; Aug. I859 3 II I J. C. Lees, Chief Printed Journ. in S. Coll., P. Justice, and A. M. O. and S. I. Vol. I. Smith. 2 77.67 86.00 80.33 70.67 78.67.......... I o.............. Martin's Brit. Colonies p. 105. 3 7 2... I86i o I 7m 2a 9abis S. S. Garland. S. O. 79.34 Feb. 1844; Dec. I868 2 9 I J. Arthur, J. B. Hayne, MS. in S. Coll., P. 0. and S. J. C. Crisson, A. I. Vol. I, and S. O. G. Carothers (U. S. I' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~Consul). 65. Ig 77~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 7. 642 tj.6: ~13;Dc 9 t Cap.t. Page, R. E., Pamphlet by Sir Wi. Reid, Gov., S. L. D. Wells, M~S. in S. Cull., Bermuda Assist. SurE. R. N., Royal Gazette, and Board of Serg't 56th, Reg. Tr-ade. 2)64~53 7~43 73~0363.00 6925 I,.. 156; Dec I859 i i38,, 9~, Signal Director, and 64.5~~~~~~~~~~~~~~3, 9:m R.E. Met. Obs'y. Bermuda Royal Gazette. Corrected for daily variation by the Gulf table. TEMPEI~ATUItE TABLES......., i, i'":...... Y-7 —~- -- _ _ II -~lt — 77~1C~'~-........................ CARIBBEAN ISLANDS, ~ ~ ~..... I. Antigua.... I7cO8/,o,;o 5o 79~.40 8o~.IO' 8o~.IO 8I~.7o 80~.60 $o~.3o $4~.3~ 79~.4c 2. Antigua. i/ 76~ 80 ~ ~ 17 o8 / ~:'48' " 48 3-Barbadoes.,,3 o4 / 21 /I 76.,I 79.77 80.4~ 80.05 8o.63 79.58 79.72 79.k6 76.79 4- Barbadoes. ~ 13 ~4/ ~ 37' 37 "l[ 78.24 7i.i 73.', 5. Guadeloupe... x5 59 6 25,. 76. I4 [ 79.64 78.~o 79.oi 78.49 82.~I 8'2.25 81.87 79'35;g t 75.! 7 3. 81.o7 80.98 81.72 81.64 80.37 79'27 7715~ 79'79 6. Roseau (Dominica 22 // Island)..... // 76. > Y 7.( 7 7. ~ 79.0 8I.o 8I.o 80.0 80.0 80.0 75.0 7. St. Bartholomew ~; co.. I[ 79.>5 t 72.( 8). )6 79.86 79.59 83.3~ 8i.oi 79. I8 8o. 17 79.48 79.32 8. St. Christopher. 83.28 84. I9 83.89 83.48 82.40 81.27 78.73 ~: 45 "I/ 7832 ~).i 8 2.;2 9. St. Thomas. 8Io.46.' 56 "I 80. 78 8 [.E 8t.;2 8_.85 83.57 82.22 82.58 82.22 83.48 82.94 81.32 IO. St. Thomas.. ~ ~ 56 "{I 79.3~? 3.~ 8>. i7 80.67 82.65 82.76 82.87 83.69 82.06 81.54 81.3o 7).! 81.99 81.94 81.95 82.60 82.87 82.48 8I'85 8o. I8 xx. St. Vincent. 8). }2. I5.. [ 79.3o 12. Santa Cruz.. 6. 4~ 73., 75.7 x3. Sombrero Island "II 76'>?,.r 66 27 45fl 75.55 7 5.! 7 z..I 79.37 8o. I6 8I.O5 81.62 8x.53 81.68 79.35 76.77 14. Tortold. 40 86o 77.35 7 5. c 7 3.;9 78.56 80-79 80.44 81.96 8I.oo 80.95 80.02 79.85 ] I5. Trinidad (Port' of Spain)... ~ 38!ii{i; 7~.~ 73.',8 78.66 78.75 x6. Trinidad... 38 [ 8~,'x3 79'57 75.94 I7. Trinidad... 6 34 ~' 7;.i 7i.;o 77.5~ 78. oo 79.00 79.5~ 79,00 78.50 79.00 76.5~ _!~l CUBA... I I 1 4.6o o.69 1.9o 2. havana...: 23 "I! 65.34 72.05 I 75.43 79.66 183.68:.23 I 83.62180.60 78.44 I 69.94 3. Havana ~ 23 75.74 [ 78.98 82'58 I 83'!2.3o ] 83,84 / 82.04 79.52 9 5~ II 69'98.J 7x.78 4. Havana 74.08[76. ~3,. II 7x.38'3 [8~.o~,46181.57180.38 78.85 5.Havana....23..[t73.33 77.97179,~= 8=o2184o= 80.47 72.46 6. Havana 23 7. Havana (College of' BelcH).89185.37183. I3 23 "II 72'9~ 76'46 I 78.94 8I'23 I 83.57.26 I 83.99t 83.02 80.40:. 8. Matangus ~ ~ / 73'89 40 9 75'76 5~ 1/ 73.53 I 80'23 80'75 / 82'09'58t82'12 / 82'I5 78.79 / 74-67 9-Sail Fernando 7, o 7,.90. 09 5541t 69.90 o 66.88 ] 70.60 t,67,o'.5o /79.6o [78.60 75.9~ co 76. I3 82.25 1789o 76.5~ 62.38 IO. Ubajay.....63 co J 83.25 I 79.63 o 29011 64.5~ JAMA IOA. i. San Antonio.. I8 IO 76 3~ 74.60 74.75 75.Io 77.25 79.45 79.75 79.40 80.40 79.45 78.70 75.40....... 82.26 3. Up Park Camp.. 17 59 76 56 [ 75.60 78. 78. 82. 83. 8I. 82. 83. 82. 82. 80. 79. 78. 4. Kingston.... I8 co 76 47 o 75-73 76,~0 75.87 78.o8 8o. 27 8o.6o 8x.67 8I.oo 80.73 79.80 78.73 76.74 51 SAI~ DOlVIINGO. ~. San Domingo.. ~8 29 70 co 85.~7 84.04 85. x7 86.o0 85.50 82.06 78.69 77..00 78.69 78.69 77.83 78.69 2. Tivoli (I-layti).. I 35 7o co 69.08 68.90 71.6o 73.4~ 72 5~ 78.08 77.9~ 77.0o 77.o0 74.7I 73.58 70.88 PORTO RICO. I. Estate San Isidro. I8 25 66 I2. 76.43 75. I4 75.40 76.9o................ 2. Ponce..... 17 56 66 35 23 78.5 ~3 Porto Rico. I. 29 66 X3 77'33 78'83 7i'733 8O.33 81.33 84. oo 87.33 89.33 8i-(37 87.33 79"67 78.00 __ _ GUIAHA'BltlTISH). X. Demerara... 6 45 58 02 36... 81.8.... 2. Demerara.. 45 58 02.. 79.5 8I'.o 8;.o 8o.5 82.0 79.0 82'0 83.0 82.0 8[.o 3. Georgetown.... 8[.o 76.5 [ 6 49 58 12 77.5 77.8 79. I 79.5 79.7 79.4....![...., ~::..~:-T.... ~.........:.,,..._,. -......: 77" i_..57.....,.,...................[.:,,....:....~.......:':7.,,,.,,:...... 7C z a.....I., TEMPE RATURE TABLES. 95 CARIBBEAN ISLANDS. E E ~ SERIES. EXTENT OBSERVING Cd ~ IOBSERVER. REFERENCES. P' ~ ~ Begins. Ends. yrs.mos. HOURS. I 770.77 800.63 8I~.73 770.37 790.38 Dec. 1833; Nov. I834 I o................ Martin's Brit. Colonies, p. 8o. 2..,..... 79.68 I836 I o.............. 3 ~~ i -80.36 79.72. i May, 184I; Jan. 1842 o 9 I Lawson. Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1847. 4 79-01 78 53 82i08 78'48 79-52 i844 I o (r 9, R. Young. Dove. 5 78'21 81.26 80.43 76.32 79.05 1849; 1851 3 o max.&min....... Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1847I 6 77.67 80.67 78.33.-...o II............. Martin's Brit. Colonies, p. 75. 7 79.97 1).3~ 79.6i 79.o2 79.97 I May, I786; Apr. I787 r o 6,N.26, Fahlber g. Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1847. 8 8o. 62 83.79 82.38 78.29 81.27.......... I 3 max. &min........ 9 81.9I 82.79 82.88 8o. 51 82.02 1840; i846 I I1...... Knox. Dove, I853. Io 79.85 82.76 82.43 79.87 81.23 1833 mI o 6i 7m'i 8a Schonburgh' Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1847. 11 8o.81182.16 82.40 79.70 81.27 1824; 1 832 8 o.............. " " I2...... 76. 40. Dec. 1836; Apr. 837 o 5 6mm' Rev. Dr. T uckerman. Am. Alm. I839 I3 77.43 80.94 8o.85 75.75 78.74 Feb. i863; Oct. 1865 I IO 7m 2a 9a bis A. A. Julien. S. O. 14 77.68 8i.o6 8o.66 78.07 79.37 183I; 1833 3 o 6m 20 6a Schonburgh. Rep. Brit. Assoc. I847. I5 783.. Deville. Dove,.853. i6 7 Oct. 11356; Feb. 1857 77 40 2. 9 Geological surveyors. P. O. and S. I. Vol. I, 171 77883 78.83 78-83' 76.50 78.00.......... I o max. & min. Martin's Brit. Colonies, p. 26. CUBA. o 8o.7o 86.48 83.55 74.46 81.30 1794 I o........ Dove, 1853. 2 75.71 84.18 7.7.28 68.44 76. 40 18oo; 1807 4 o............... I.... 3 ~ 79. IO 83.42 79.04 71.24 78.20 ISxo; 1812 3 o..... Humboldt.... 4 76-22 81.35 78.12 72.98 77.I7 1825; IS31 7. Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1847. 5 79.70 85.09 8I-o5 73.73 79.89 Jan. 1842; Oct. I849 1 3 sm 2a 82 Gibbs and Poey. MS. in S. Coll. & Print. Journ. 6 78.98 83.30 78.98 71.24 78.08........................ Bridgewater Treatise. 7 78. 88 83-94 79~ 73 73-66 7905 Jan. 1859; NOV- 1870 Iz 3 2 Various observers. Printed Records of Observa. 8 78.-9 81.93 79.55 73.43 78.46 1832; i835 2 o r 2aC)s Mallory. Sill. Journ, 9 75.23 79.67' 75.80 69.73 75.11 Jan. 1839; June,I840 I o 8, n. N s Blake. " " 1o 71.00 83.04 75.13 64.79 73.49 z831; 1833 3 o 6,n 2a 6a Schonburgh. Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1847. JAMAICA. x 75.70 79.53 79.52 75.20 77.49 i819; 1820 2 o Gr N. Arnold. Rep. Brit. Assoc. I847. 2 1... 8 o.5 Oct.!855; Mar. I856 o 6 92m 3A, Col. W. B. Marlow, P. 0. and S. I. Vol. I. and J. G. Lawkins. 8 s2.00 82- 33 80-33 78.oo. So...................... From Sir J. McGre- Martin's Brit. Colonies, p. 5. gor's Office, Military Medical Dep. 4 i 78-07 / 09 79-75 76.i6 78-77 1832 1 0.............. Martin's Brit. Colonies, p. 57. SAN DOMINGO. 1 85.56 79.25 78.40 82.(3 81.46 May, 1782; Apr. 1783 1 0............. Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1847. 2 72.5~ 77.66 75.io 69.62 73.72 I779 I o............... ]POn1RrTO n RICO. Il~~'.. 1..,..I. i I$65 o 4;7m 2, $~ G. Latimer. $. O. 2 I. I.. I, i. 844 o I C0r 9m 3, 9, WV. A. Mitchell. MS. in S. Coil. ~ ~90 8.X9 8.56 701 17j ~.... -. 5 o 7m N. 5, Vertez. Rep. Brit. Assoc. i847.... ~843. o I ~~~~~~3m 9m 3a 9, D. Blair' MS. in S. Coil. 2(8r.I7~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~.I3 8............ 7 Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1847. 28.7 8~.3 813 9~! o ~''854'' O 6 max.&rmin. J.P. Dawes. MS. in S. Coil. 1 Means of 18 daily observations. rr The observing hours were 6m 8m Iom N. 2a 4, 6, 8, Io%. 96 TEM P ER1~AT URE TABLES. GUIANA (DUTCH). NAME OF STATION. cd 0 Q). d g{ gU i. Catharina Sophia 5~48/ 56047/ 790.18 79~.99 So0. 42!800.40 800.22 79~.75 8001 1-5.1-2801 o~.6 7943 2. Commervine... 5 38 54 42 7.26 7-S 7-0 7-8 7.2 7So 779 7.0 78.26 797 7-0 7S. I 3. Guanabacoa... 5 o5..71-00 72.76 7S.33 76.00 78.67 79.33 81.33 82.00 80.67 79.33 72.00 703 4- Paramaribo 544 55 13 78.24.78.oi 78.94 79. I6 79.88 79.52 80.02 82.00 83.44 832 I4 796 5. Rio Berbice. 6.29 57.30..78.44 78.62 79.88 80. 24 80. 78 S2.22 S-2 S-3 38 42 27 02 6. Rustenburg 60 5 7.2 775 78I 7.2 779 774 77S 7.6 S17 O76 c9o6 80 NEW GRANADA. I. Aspinwall.... 9 21 79 54 6'8S 8S 9 99 99 94 89 92 89 86 85 89 2. Barbacoas... 8 30 79 co 65...... 78.74...... 3. Bogota.... 4 36 74 I4 8863......60.07...... 4. Bogota.... 4 36 74 14 8863. 5- Chagres.... 9 21 79 59 ".79.7 8o.6 i........ 6. Manzanilla Island. 2 79 577- 22 79-6 57.29 5~ ~~86 7 7. 7i.84792]: ] 7. Panama...i8 57 i79 30 81'9 ~8. Rio Hacha.. II 28 73 00 3 " 8 8.25.........8-3 8-7 VENEZUELA. 2900 76 69.98'6 i. Carwms 10 3i 66 55.2 70.25 71 73-04 72-30 73.63. 73.07 72.73 73.00 72.39 69.44 2. Cumana I 30 64 15 - 80.35 80.5I 81.95 83.84 84.54 83. IO 83.28 SI.5o0.. 83.2I808 3. Cumana. 0I 30 64 x5.. 4- Curaga 12 o6 69 20 77.90 78.62 78.62 80.24 So.;96 8i'.868i1 726 Colonia Tovar Io 26 67 20 65006.5 28 6 i2 ~' Cu1'a9~a.... 12 o 6 60.65 62.85 62.~~~~~~~76 63.36 63.92 6i,o5 65o 6-7.495o 6. Colonia Tovar I o 26 67 20 65oo 6i.5I 62.64 64-o 48 48 53 57 5 5 6.o0646 64.62 630 7. La Guayra..I 37 67, oo. 76.59 76-574 781.157.2 79.7869.0o.78.2 I -5I 77-42 7S.45 79-42 79-78 79-30 80.70 79.64 76.8i S. MaracayboIO 43 7I 52..81.20 83.36 82.83 86.35 8593 66o 866 6.9i364 6.284.99 S39 I.8 9' Puerto-Cabello..Io 28 68 I7.. 79.2....81.4 S.. S2.2 88 2 7.3 BRAZIL.L ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~6-5 6., 3S 6.6 7.0 7.19 7..................0 I. Gongo Soco...19 59 43 30 3)360 7I.O7 71.25 70.2o 86 0 592'2. Para - I 28 48 29 2~C 80.00 78.90 78.90 79.30 8o.6o SI.iO 8i.6o 81. 5o 8i.0 81 ~ o 8-0 15 3. Parnambuco,... 8 IO 34 57 - 79.59 8 I.19 S81.8o 78.30 78-22 76.44 75.38 75..03 76.33 8x.o6 82.93 8I.09 4. Rio de Janeiro. -22 54 43 09 - 80.13 8o. 04 77.95 75.47 7o. 68 68.68 67I5 6.9 7x5 2.2 7-3 72 5. Rio de Janeiro. -22 54 43 09 82.83 i83.95 81.18 77.77 74.48 7I-37~9 73-38 7.63 7639 7- 05 6. Rio de Janeiro. r22 54 43 09 71.S6 71.49 68.92 6-9.72 69.99 BUENOS AYRES. I. BenosAyre -3437 5 24 33-5 7 75.71 73. 31 64.77 55.41 53.41 52.55 5I.83 54.64 58.91 68.43 70.91 2. Buenos Ayres. -34 37 82 TEMPERATUI{E.TAB LES. 97 G-rUANA (DUTCH). 41 ~~~SERIES. EXTENIT OBSERVINGc' "-1'~ OBSERVERW, REFERE.~.NCES. Begins. Ends. yrs.mos. HOURS. I O0~.35 80~.45 810:40 79~.52 80~.43 Feb. I856; Dec. 1859 3 9 6m 2. 6. C. T. Hering. P. O. and S. I. Vol. I. 2 77- 78 78-02 78-74 7808 78-5 1843; 1 8444 2..........Rep. Brit. Assoc. I847. i 77.67 80.89 77.33 71.36 76.8S July, I9I9; June,182o I o 6N. o'.'9a......... 4 79.33 18o.51 i82'73 78'64 80.30 Jan. I833; Feb. I835 2 o 7m 2a 7. Dieperink.,. 5 80-30 83.24 3-.6o, 79. o I5 77 m3 7 as.1 6 78.I2 78.27 80.00 77.6I 78.50 May, 186I; Dec. 1865 3 7 7m 2a 6a C. T. Hering. S. O. NEW GRANADA. I 79.70 79.22 78.7I 78.88 79. x3 Oct. 1862; Dec. I868 5:o 7m 2a 9abis Drs. W. T. WVhite, & S.O. J. P. Kluge. 2.......... 1852 O I...... Bertherd. Manuscript. 3 1857 o I 1om 4; 1%Oa Dr. E. Wricoschea. P. P. and S. I. Vol. I. 4 59.54 59.54 58.}o 59.'18 59.o9......... I 4........ Kaemptz.. 1850 o 2 6m,, 9 1NJ3,6,6 A. Fendler. MS. in S. Coll. 6 77.90 I851 o 6 O, 9m 3. 9. S. Coll. 7 849 o I 9m 3, Major Emory. Am. Acad. Trans. 8 83.35 Si.. 62 Dec. 1822; June,IS23 o 7 7m 3. Wright. Rep. Brit. Assoc. I847. VENEZUELA. I 71.65 73.00 72.71 69. 71 7I.77 July, 1841; Aug. 1848 I 2 max. &min. Graham & A. Fendler. Dove, 1853, P. O. & S. I.Vol. I. 2 S3.44 82.63 80.56 Nov. 1799; Aug. ISo o IO...... Don Rubio. Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1847. 3 83.66 82.04 80.24 80.24 8i.86.................... Bridgewater Treatise. 4 7.9-94 76.40.. o 8 5[ n-'. 9 Dorfel. Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1847. 5 63.35 6/.o4 6i.26 6i.59 61.8i Apr. IS54; Nov. I856 I 6 (D9qN. 3,,O~ A. Fendler MS. in S. Coll., P. O. and S. I. Vol. I. 6 64.6i 65.61 65.o8 62.40 64.43.......... I o min. &max. Karston. Dove, I853. 7 78.4.3 79.93 SO.48 76.64 78.87 Sept. 1834; Aug. 1837 3 o 63Im,,4,9a Halle. 8 85.04 86.72 85'II 82'14 84,75 Sept. i823; Aug. 1824 I o Wright. Rep. Brit. Assoc. I847. 9 June, I843; Feb. I844 o 6 QD 9m 3, 9. F. Litchfield, U. S. MS. in S. Coll. Consul. B1RAZIL. I 68.2o 6i1i. 68' 15 71'51 67.26. 69mN'4a.Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1847................ 6a 8a 12.a.... 2 79.6o 8I.40 81.40 8o. I3 80.63 Dec. 1844; May, 1849 4 6...... Deweg. Blodget's Climatology. 3 79.44 75.62 80.1I 80.62 78.95 1842 I o...... Loudon. Dove, 1853. 4 74.70 68.60 72.56 79.I5 73-75 1782; 1788 7 o- trihourly. Dorta. Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1847 5 77.8I 72.37 76.o9 82.45 77.18 Jan. 1832; Dec. I843 I2 0 N. Gardner. Sill. Journ. 6 70-76...o 5 bihourly. King. Dove, I853. _ Ii.. BUIENOS AYRES. I 64.50 52.6o 60.66 73.40 62.79 Jan. 1822; June,IS23 I 6.............. 6 ~4'58 52. 52 59.36 734 63. I2.......... I 4.............. Kaemptz. CHILI..... 66.19.. Nov. 858; Mar. 1859 o 5.B. Dorsey. P.O0. and S. I.'Vol. 1. 53.9~.... 827 o 7........Dove, 1853. 3 ~ 53.48. 88o 7....... 4 52.;7 46-85 47.77 59.9~ 51.75 Apr. 1851; Mar. I852 I o 6m 7n Dove. 5 61.42 56.82 6I~ ~~~5' 83 92m gll 39,, MacKey. Board of Trade. 6..53.9~ ~.... )I............ o 3 bihourly. King. IDove. NoTE. —The headings of the seasons corresponds to those existing at the time in the north~ern hemisphere; for stations in south latitude they would be the opposite ones. 13 DECEMBER, ~874. 98 TEMPERATURE TABLES. ECUADOR. NAMB OF STATION. 0 I. Antisana... — 0027/ 78028/ I3455 430.II 4I.11 4I~.99 420.60 4I~.92 400.o8 370.3I 37~.4I 39~.27 41~.o2 41~.95 420.42 2. Quito.... Io I4 78 45 8970 58.24 60. 98 60.04 59.86 60. 62 59.00 59'i8 60. 94 6i'34 59.95 60.53. 3. Quito... Z-o 14 78 45 8970. FALKLAND ISLANDS. i. Falkland Islands (Cape Oxford). -52 oo 6 i oo... 56.00 54.00 51.6I 48.65 46.64 43.50 37.41 38.64 45.75 47,51 47.20 49.87 2. Falkland Islands (Byron Sound) -. 51 25 59 59 3- Port Egmornt -51 2o 6o oo.. 54-10 54.21 51.60 48.63 46.63 43-48 37-47 38.62 45-73 47-50 47- I9 49.87 PATAGONIA. I. Cape Horn. 56 081 67 oo... 40orox 35.69.. 35.42. 36.68.... 43.34 2. Port Famine (Tierra delFuego)..- 53 38 70 58..... 47.80 45.09 38.94 37.55 33.75 33.40 35.13 3. Port Famine (Tierra del Fuego),.' —53 38 70 58,,, 5I-Io 49.37 4I.22 35.47 32.97 33.o3 33,25 PARAGUAY. z. Asuncion. t —5 61 5s745j... 82...35 s8173t 79-43 75.34 V-24 1 " ]66.69 67.67. 8454 PERU. i. Callao... 2 03 77 I3... 73.94 69.80o 66.56 64~76 6i.70 68 36 74.796 2. Jauja.. [ —I2 00 75'5 I~O~~ 59,37 3. Lima.77 08 78.o8 79.88 8..06 77.36..7 120377 67.28 66.2o 69.26 7;.96 74- 84 /._~ S~tve ~,5 -; 45 i 1 / URUGUAY. x. Montevideo -3_4 54J56131 o... S. 72 I9 I- 1 66...... 7 TE MPERATURE -T A B L E S. 99 ECUADOR. I. I E I i | I SERIES. EXTENT OBSERVING. k' ~5. OBSERVER. REFERENCES. =n u: Begins. Ends. yrs.mos. HOURS. I 42. I7 38.27 40.75 42.21 40.85 Dec. I845; Dec. I846 I I...... Anguire. Dove, 1853. 2 60. 17 59.71 60.6I I 8z5; I828 2 6...... Hallarn. Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1847. 3 |60. 26 60o8 63-50 59-72 60 9.......... 2 3 |.............. Kaemptz. FALKLAND ISLANDS. 48.-97 39.85 46. 8 53.2 9 47.23........ I o.............. Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1847. 2 48.46 39.56 46.58 53.06 46.94........................ Bridgewater Treatise. 3 48.95 39-86 |46.81 52.73 47.09 11.......... o N. Friquinet. Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1847. PATAGONIA. x...... j|, I.. | I~.................................. j Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1847. 2 40-53 834 ~9 1828 o 7 bihourly. KIing. Dove, I853. 3 36-55 | *-...... mmN-3&6f....... Rep. Brit. Assoc. I847. I ~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~..... Rep. Brit. Assoc. I847.~ PARAGUAY... 1 75.'34.. 82.87.. | Dec. 1853; I854 | o 81 81 N. 4a 9aI Hopkins. S. Coll. PERU. I....................... Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1847. 2 |''i.I86I| O I 91 2, 9 | G. H. Brown. S. 0. 3 78.44 68.o6 69.4 77.6 73.31 799; 1800 2 o N. Uranne. Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1847. URUGUAY. I 68.00 57.33 64.67 77-33 66.83.......... i o...... Friquinet. Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1847. NOTE.-The heading of the seasons corresponds to those existing at the time in the northern hemisphere; for stations in south latitude they would be the opposite ones. l _.i GiRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF THE PRECEDING TABULAR RESULTS BY ISOTHERMAL CHARTS, ( 101 ) EXPLANATION OF THE ISOTHERMAL CHARTS ACCOIPANYI} G THIS PAPER. THE three accompanying charts have been constructed to show the distribution of the atmoslp-eric temperature within the limits of the United States, on the average during the year, and for the winter and summer seasons. The great value of the graphical method consists in its capacity of bringing into a connected view the result of a large mass of apparently disconnected figures, and thus presenting their relations to the eye. In the present case, these relations depend on the geographical and hypsometrical features of the country. The results brought out in these tables form the basis of the charts. They are laid down by means of curves connecting places of equal temperature. These curves may be conceived as forming the intersections of the earth's surface by a series of thermal surfaces of equal temperature one above the other and for equal differences of temperature. Tile difference, here adopted, is 4~ Fah., and is the same for all the charts. During the winter season the decrease of temperature between the southern and northern limits of the United States is greater than during the summer season, hence a greater number of curves appear on the chart showing the distribution of temperature in the winter than on that for the year, and the chart for the distribution in summer has the least number of curves. The limiting curves are as follows: For the cold season 4~ to 72~ Fah., for the yearly average 36~ to 76~ Fah., and for the warm season 56~ to 88~ Fah. F~romz the above designation of the isothermnals it follows that each curve must be continuous no matter how tortuous its course may be, that is, it cannot abruptly come to an end; of this instructive examples are presented on the chart for the year by the curve of 48~ Fah., and on the chart for the summer by the curve of 68~ Fah.'The construction of the curves for the yearly distribution was found slightly more troublesome than those for either of the other charts, owing to the way in which the mean temperature results, from the monthly means, are influenced by the annual variation. Some difficulty Cas experienced in tracing o1t the summer curves for the western part of California, owing to the well-known exceptional and remalrkable distribuztion of its temperature, of which more will be said f~urther on. The want of a reliable hypsometric chart of the United States xvas seriously felt, not one only on which the existence of hills and mountains should be correctly indicated as regards position, but one, on which the actual elevations are indicated by contour lines. A rough hypsometric chart of the latter description was constructed by me to aid in the tracings ot of the thermal curves, lout the latter are ( 103 ) 104 EXPLANATION OF THE ISOTHERMAL CHARTS. not what they might be, respecting accuracy in detail, were we in possession of an elaborate hypsometric chart. On each chart was plotted the mean temperature for the respective period, corrected for daily variation, if necessary, for all the availcable stations within the area of the chart. On the east of the Mississippi all series extending over five years or more were given to the nearest tenth of a degree of Fahrenheit, those of less than five years' duration were set down to the nearest whole degree. The decimal point marked the position of the place. For stations west of the Mississippi the limit of 3~ was adopted instead of 5~. The curves were constructed with dle regard to the elevations of the ground, producing a resemblance, for short distances, of the thermal curves to contour lines of equal elevation. The isothermals thus constructed are not reduced to the sea level for the following reasons. In the first place, we desire a knowledge of the true distribution of the temperature near the surface to which we ale actually exposed and which affects agricllltural and other pursuits, and not of any artificial distribution under special, qualified conditions such as the reduction to the sea level; il fact we might as Avell correct also for propinquity to the sea, for prevailing wind, for proximity of table-land or large lakes, nature of the soil, and a variety of other disturbing causes, which process would finally bring about a close conformity of the isothermals with parallels of latitude, and would represent what las been called the solar climate. Moreover, we do not possess the precise data for such a reduction; thus to experience a diminution of 1~ Fah. in the atmospheric temperature, near the surface, the average values vary between 250 and 500 feet of rise, and at elevations beyond a mile, the change in altitude must be greater for the same difference in temperature. Besides, the law is different in the different seasons. It is proper to connect the decrease of temperature in altitude with the decrease of pressure to which it is supposed proportional (when starting from the absolute zero of temperature), a fall of 1~ of temperature corresponds approximately to a decrease ill pressure of nearly 0.25 inch, the barometric column indicating about 29 inches, and to 0.35 inch nearly for pressure at and below 27 inches. On the other hand, if the meteorological stations were sufficiently numerous and equally distributed in area, the isothermal curves drawn among them would themselves furnish the best means of ascertaining the separate effects on the climate (temperature) of the various modlifying elements of elevation, slope, surface condition (wooded or barren), and many other circumstances. veniently divide the area of the United States into two parts, viz.: that east of the 10()th nlerician, of comparatively small elevation, generally belovv 1000 feet and only exceptionally rising to 4(0(), a~nd that west of this meridian, with an elevation generally above 4000 feet, and not unfrequently attaining the altitude of 10,000 feet and above. When referring to tha e isotherma l curves io the description of the charts, those referring to the yearly period will simply be designated as "'isothermals," those referring to the winter as " isocheimals,"' and those referring to the summer as " isotlerals. " EXPLANATION OF THE ISOTHERMAL CHARTS. ]05 As already pointed out, the position of the isothermal curves is intimately connected with the hypsometric features of the country, and this direct dependence has consequently been made the basis of the above division, greater or less elevation constituting the principal cause of their deflections. This appears, for instance, conspicuously il the isothermal of 52~, depending on the direction of the Apalachian range, and in the isothermal of 44~, depending on the directions of the Rocky Mountains, the Cascade range, and the Sierra Nevada. In the eastern part of the United States, the distribution of heat appears normal, as indicated by the isothermals between 440 and 68' which follow, with no great departures, parallels of latitude; in the western part, on the contrary, it is altogether more irregular, and the pure solar climate is apparently subverted, the distribution of temperature on the Pacific shore being governed by a system almost at right angles to that in the eastern part, and possessing an intermediate system of distribution at the head of the Gulf of California. In the winter months, the proximity of the Gulf stream to the Atlantic sea-board has the effect of elevating the temperature in the vicin-ty of the ocean, the amount being 0~ in Florida about 40 in North Carolina, and about 8~ or 10~ in Massachusetts; in the sumner months, the effect is reversed, as shown by the isotherals curving southwards; this is due to the cold current running southwvards between the coast and the gulf stream, and the depression produced would be still greater blut for the circumstance of the prevalence of westerly winds which carry the heated air to seaward. The depressing effect, however, in amount, is less than one-half that given for the opposite season. It would appear that in summer nearly the whole of Florida enjoys an almost equal temperature, barely rising above 80~ Fah.; with this we connect the fact that in Florida summer constitutes the rainy season. On the yearly average the vicinity of the Atlantic is apparently without any direct effect on the temperature of the coast. Passing now to the influence of the great lakes we shall-find it similar, viz.: a warming effect in winter, rising to about 10~, and a cooling effect in summer, depressing about 5~, whereas, during the year the presence or absence of this body of water would seem to be of no particular consequence as regards mean temperature. The coldest region is in northern Minnesota and northeastern Dakota, the isocheimal of 4~ appearing along the low elevations near Red Lake in nMinnesota. It is near these regions that the extremely cold waves, which occasionally sweep over the eastern and southern states during the winter appear to enter the United States. In tile western part of the country we recognize as the most remarkable feature, the great uniformity of the distribution of temperature alongt the Pacific coast as exiited i the isothermal of 52, sirting the coast for aout 650 miles between San }'ra1cisco and the northwestern part of Wiashingrton Territory; the same fea~tule is indicated lby the direction of the isocheimals, approximzating to-parallelism with that of the coast and again in the isotheral of 60~. The direct influxence of the Pacific Ocean on the climate of the western states (west of 100~ longitude) is heightened by the presence of a cool current running southward close along the coast. The presence of the cool ocean, together with the prevailing westerly winds, I4 FEBRUARY, I875. .106 EXPLANATION OF THE ISOTHERMAL CHIARTS. sweeping the air which had been resting over the ocean across a great portion of the country, thus impresses the chief character on the climate, viz.: a comparatively high and uniformly distributed zaenter temperature, which is even felt beyond the Rtocky Mountains in central Montana, to which latent heat is carried by the moist winds, as clearly exhibited in my Rain Chartl for the winter season. With the high winter temperature, we associate the fact of comparatively great precipitation. Secondly, we are impressed with the comparatively low surrimer temperature over the Pacific States; in fact the coldest place in the whole United States, at this season, excepting only the high mountain rano-es and peaks, is just outside the Golden Gate, Bay of San Francisco, where we encounter the isotheral of 56~, which appears nowhere else during this season. To exhibit the contrast more forcibly, we have in the corresponding season and latitude on. the Atlantic side (near the mouth of Chesapeake Bay, a temperature higher by as much as 18~. With this low summer temperature we connect the fact of but little precipitation. In winter this contrast between the two (opposite) coasts is of the opposite kind, the isocheimal of 520, off the Golden Gate, corresponding to the isocheimal of 42', off the mouth of the Chesapeake, a temperature lower by 10~. Finally, we notice the extraordinary difference il the range of the mean temperature at the extreme seasons, this being nearly 4~ on the Pacific, and nearly 33~ on the Atlantic. We nest notice the greater accumulation of heat in valleys than in the plains, the most remarkable illstance being that of the Joaquin Valley and its northern prolongation, the Sacramento Valley. This feature is most apparent in the suzmner season, when these valleys seem to become reservoirs of heat, and when their sloping sides are most exposed to insolation. The mean summer temperature in the central part of San Joaquin Valley rises above 84~, when on the sea-coast, close by, it is below 60~. Other instances of this kind are presented on the chart for the summer temperature, by the heated plains of the Columbia River, by the region along the Colorado and Gila Rivers, and, to return to the eastern portion of the country, by the lower valley of the Rio Grande, where the temperature reaches 84~, by the Hudson Valley, and lastly by that of the St. Lawrence. The hottest region in the United States is along the lower course of the Colorado and Gila Rivers, where we meet with the isotheral of 88~. It is needless to follow out, in further detail, the various features presented by the charts, since they address themselves sufficiently to the eye, nor has it been deemed necessary to construct isothermal charts for the intermediate seasons of spring and autumn, which, being periods of transition, cannot present features as striking as those exhibited by the extreme seasons. The total number of results from series plotted on the charts and from which the isothermal curves were constructed are 1300 nearly for the year, 1450 nearly for the winter, and 1500 nearly for the sunlmer. For the base chart, the Smithsonian Institution is indebted to Prof. Francis A. ~~allker, Superintendent U. S. Census. Z Tables and Results of the Precipitation, in RIain and Snow, in the United States. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, ~o. 222; Washington, May, 1872. DISC -US SION OF THE DAILY FLUCTUATION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE, WITH TABLES OF HOURLY VALUES AND OF HOURLY DIFFERENCES FROM THE DAILY MEAN, FOR EACH 1MONTH AND THE YEAR, AT VARIOUS PLACES IN NORTH AMERICA, (107) SECTION II. DISCUSSION OF THE DAILY FLUCTUATION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE WITH TABLES OF HOUIRLY VALUES AND OF HOURLY DIFFERENCES FROM THE DAILY MEAN, FOR EACH MONTH AND THE YEAR, AT VARIOUS PLACES IN NORTH AMERICA. The Dail7y Flucttation of tle Temperature. —The daily variation of the temperature, due to the change in the sun's altitude, and dependent upon the length of the day or time of insolation, is principally affected by the amount of aqueous vapor suspended in the atmosphere, by the serenity or cloudiness of the sky, and by the elevation of the ground. As an accumulative effect, the greatest heat will occur some time after the sun has reached its greatest altitude, and the greatest cold some time after its greatest depression. Even in midwinter, in the high latitudes of the Arctic Regions and in the continued absence of the sun, this periodic fluctuation is still perceptible, which may be accounted for by the progress of waves of heat and by its transfer from more southern and still partly insolated regions. In midsummer, when the sun remains above the horizon, the range of the daily fltlctuation in the Arctic Regions is very small owing to the small variation in the sun's altitude. As an instance of a small daily fluctuation in a low latitude, IKey West near the northern tropic may be cited; here the great humidity of the air tends to confine the daily amplitude within narrow limits. As an example of the opposite effect or of an excessive daily variation, Albuquerque in the valley of the Rio Grande may be cited; it is due to the dryness of the air and the great altitude of the place. For the investigation of the daily fluctuation hourly observations are quite sufficient, but thley should be continued for several years, whenever it is desirable to bring out reliable values of the average daily amplitude for each month. It is in these investigations that the want of self-r~egistering instruments or thermographs is most felt. Our records of temperatures,'continued regularly during day and night, even for a single year, are very scanty, and there are but three stations where the observations continuze over a sufficiently longs period; these are Toronto, Canada, and AdI~ohawkr, New Y~ork, with f~lll hourly records extending over six years at each place, and Sitka, Alaska, with records over more than twice this period. To Dr. (109) 110 DISCUSSION OF THE DAILY FLUCTUATION James Lewis, of Mohawk, is due the merit of having early brought into operation a thermograph of his own invention. The collection of monthly values for daily fluctuation comprises the results from bihourly, hourly, and semi-hourly observations at 18 stations, see first table accompanying this section of the paper. They are arranged according to latitude. From these the second series of tables is derived as follows: For each month separately, the daily mean temperature t is subtracted from the observed temperature at any hour, and the difference is set down; a positive sign thus indicates a higher, and a negative sign a lower temperature than that of the day. These tables of differences would furnish the true diurnal fluctuation) if the effect of the annual fluctuation was fully eliminated, and if the daily mean was accurately known. Tlhe amount of the annual fluctuation in one day is generally sniall when compared with the daily fluctuatioll, and corrections for it need only be applied in extreme cases, as for instance in the Arctic Regions, where the daily range is small in comparison with the annual range; at Van Rensselaer harbor and Port Kennedy the maximum effect for 24 hours amounts to a little more than half a degree (Fah.). on account of which the maximum correction for midnight and the hour preceding it would be one-fourth of a degree, and proportionally less for the intermediate hours. This correction is greatest in April and October, and insensible in July and January. These tables of hourly differences furnish at once the means of correcting any irregularly observed series, and the mean temperature thus corrected will be the same as that found from an unbroken and regular series of hourly observations. rhe chief value of these tables lies in this application, and in any special case we have only to select the table for that locality where the thermal conditions may be supposed the samre, or at least most nearly resembling those at the locality for which the interpolation or reduction is to be made. For the purpose of facilitating this applicatior, a series of mean values for certain selected combinations of hours is added to each table-these require some further explanation. These combinations refer to those observing hours from which most probably the nearest approximation to the mean temperature of the day may readily be deduced, not only for the entire year, but also for each month and for any locality, and apply to the cases of record limited to two, three, and four entries a day. The tabular corrections to the selected four hour combination specially, become serviceable for self-registering instruments, when with the least labor (reading off the trace or punctures at those four hours) we wish to obtain a reliable daily mean short of the tedious process of operating on 24 equidistant records. About the year 1815, Prof. C. Dewey examined' the hours 7 A. Mt., 2 and 9 P. M., adopted by the Manheim2 Meteorological Society, with reference to their applicability to our climate, and in 1816 and 1817 instituted a short series of hourly observations at Williamstown which proved the fitness of these hours for observation in the United States. These results he communicated to Secretary Calhoun, 1 Anllual Report of the ]Boarcl of Reg~ents of the Smithsonian Institutiorl for the year 185'7, p. 310; also annual report for 1860, p. 413. XIn Baden, Germany. OF THE ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE. 111 and the hours 7, 2, 9 were, in consequence, adopted for the system of meteorological observations at the military posts of the United States, organized in 18]9 under the direction of the surgeon-general of the United States Army. Although these hours were at one time abandoned (between 1841 and 1854, when the epochs a little before sunrise, 3 and 9 P. M. were substituted), they were re-established in 1855, mainly through the exertions of Dr. Coolidge, U. S. A. The convenience and satisfactory character of the results of these hours, also led to their adoption in the meteorological observations undertaken conjointly by the United States Patent Office and the Smithsonian Institution in 1854, and they have since been adhered to by the latter Institution. The recognition of the fact that the results by the three hours 7, 2, 9 can be greatly improved by taking one-fourth of the ordinates at 7, 2, and twice 9 in the place of one-third of the ordinates at 7, 2, 9, appears also to be due to Dr. Dewey. From the present collection of results it appears that the homonymous hours, 10, 10, give differences of less than = 0~.5 in the annual mean, that the triplets, 6, 2, 9, and equidistant hours, 6, 2, 10, are of nearly equal value, and but slightly superior to the preceding pair of hours, the former combiRation producing a higher, the latter a lower mean than the true value of twenty-four equidistant observations, but deviating less than 0~.4. The combination 7, 2, 9, produces a result nearly 0~.5 in excess, whereas the modification 7, 2, 9 (bis) diminishes this difference to nearly 0~.1 with a change of signs for different stations. The four-hour combination 3, 9, 3, 9, adopted by the Royal Society, is the best of all, being generally less than 0~.1 above the true daily mean. In the following table of differences from the daily mean, of the average temperature observed at 7, 2, 9, the sign + indicates an excess, the sign - a defect of the latter average. The first line for each station answers to the combination 3 (7, 2, 9), the second to the modification 4 [7, 2, 9 (bis)]. 112 DI S C U S S I O N OF T H E D A I L Y F L U C T U A T I O N STATION. |r 0 O o, o o o o ooo 0 01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Van Rensselaer o.o +o.5 +-0.5 +0o. 8 +0.8 +o07 o.o +-0.4 +0o.4 — o. — 0.2 +O.I +0.3 harb. P=78~.6 o.o +-. 5 {+o.I S-0.5 {0 + ~.5 — 5 — 0.2 -. 0.o. — 0.3 — 0.3 — o.I +-o.I lort Kennedy. o.o +0.3 +0.4 +0.4.+07 +0o. 7 +0.4 +03 +-0.2 +0t-o. I o.o — o, I +03'-= 720.0 +O. - +0.2 — o.1 -0.2 o.o o.o 0.2 0.2 0.2 O.O — 0.2 -0.I O.O Sitka (T3 yrs.). +0.23 +o. I4 +0. II I-0.44 +0.72 o.069 +o0.69 +0o.40 +o0.27 +0o.27 +0.2I +o. I2 +.0.36, = 57~. I +0.06 — o. I3 -o.33 -0. I2 +0.07 +o. 12 +o. I2 -o. I3 -o. I6 -0.04 +0.o3 — OI -0o.o04 hunder Bay Is. +0-5 +o.6 +6 +05 +6 co +0.9 +0.9 +0.7 +0.3 1+o-.4 +0-3 +0-3 [-o. 52,= 45~.o +0.4 +0.3.+o.1 +0.2 +0.I 1+0.2 +0-3 +OI — O. I ~~ +-.2 {+0.2 +0O.15 Toronto 04+o. I —42 +003 + 2 +0.38 +o.8I +0'72 + I.o I +0.48 +0.37 +0-32 +0.-29 +0.I9 +0-44 | = 43~.6 +0.28 — o. I3 — oI9 |-0. I7 +0.04 — 0.07 -0.02 — o-35 -o. 12 -0. 08 +~ o+0. 0 IO -.05 Mohawk. +0.28 +0.33 -o. 4 +0. I3 +0.28 +-o. 50 +0.29 I+O.I9 +0.I5 -+0.21 +0.09 +0.29!{+0.24 - = 43~.o +01o.4 +0.29.+o. 16 +0.o9 +o 14 +0.24 1 —0.05 1o.o7 — o. o~+-0. 5 — 0.05 +.O IS 1+-0.08 Anlherst. +o. -52 +0-33 +0o.62 +o.89 +0o.96 +0.93 +0. 87 +0.59 +0.78 +0.52 +-o. 3I +- 55 -+o.065 P = 42~.4 +O.OI1 +o. I8 0.00 +0.23 +o. 30 +.20 O. 1+0.0 7 0 +O. I2 +0.03 +O. 24 IO. 11:!~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 03i.2!+-I New Haven. +o.28 to+0.2I +0.30 +o.36 +o.88 +I.II +o.83 +o.6I O53 +-45 +-34 +o37 O53 --- +4I~.3 -o.06 -o. 0 15 — o. 19 0o. 23 +o. Io +o.38.+O2 1 -.0.07 -0.02 -0.03 O.OI.2 iO.OI 1P= I 3+I1 I03 02 100 I 00 I00 I 11Frankford Arsen'l +0.29 +0.39 +o 37 +o-.30 0-o.79 +I.O +.02 +o + o78 +o.65 +o. 75 +. —034 +o.52.+0.59 = 400.0 -0-. 2 I — 0.o 08 — 0.07 — 0.25 +o. I4 +0~.og +ol l_-01 4 -0 35 -0-09+-o 32 -0. 1 -O. I I --- I 1. I4o 3 Ioo9o 32. oI 1 -o 1 t Philadelphia. ||+o. 028.+-.0.22 +0.-03 +0-.59 +o.67 +o.85 +o0.68 1+0 53 +-o.40 1+0- 39 -o. 28 +o.37 1 +o-44 -- 40~.0 +-o I7 + ~0.09 -0.24 +-0.23 +-0.20 +0.25 -+. 195 +-0.04 -09 3 +0.02 +0.27 +o.08 Fort Morgan. |0.0 o.o -o.I +o.6 +0.5 +0.3 +0.5 +0.2 +0.2 +0.3 +-.I +o. I +0.3, -=30~.2 0.0 -o. I 0.0 |-.4 04 +0.2 -— 0.2 +0. I +0.3 +o. I + -O. 1 I I Key West. — 0.02-0.21 -0.02 +0.09 +.0.24 —.05 + 0.2I +o.o - I0.09 +0. O. O —-o.o9 0 o. 28 -+o-.Or | 240.6 ||o. 6 -O. 28 — 0.29 — O. I7 -0-. 15 -o. 40 -o. I o0. -. 07 -o. 06o -. 17 — 0.29 o. 19 With the exception of Key West, where the proximity of the gulf stream produces an anomaly, the combination I (7, 2, 9 (bis)) is superior to the simple mean for the three hours, and, in general, the results at thle different stations are suffi-.iently accordant to permit montlly average values of differences to be taken; omitting, therefore, the first three stations and the last station, we find the following mean values applicable to most localities in the United States between latitudes 30~ and 45~ and east of the Mississippi. Table of average differences, in temperature, of the mean derived from the observations at 7, 2, 9, also as dedulced from 7, 2, 9 (/is), from the true daily mean; + in excess, - in defect' of the true value. Expressed in degrees of the Fahrenheit scale. rCOMbINAetION. t e Sr ~ i C o O ||Hours: 7, 2, 9 \ +0. 32 l +0. 26 |+0. 25 +bo.48 +o. ~6g +7o. 7g |+o0. 7 6 |+Co.68 |+o 42 +-0-42 | + o. 26 1 t~. 34~ /+o-47 lg |7, 2, 9 (bis)l +~-~9o |+o.o6| —~0 oi+006+o. 8 -bo~I6+O~IO -o.o6|-o.og;+0.031+o OI 1~t4 1 +~ ~5| Il1 order to rmtlake use of the vatlucs of tllis ttable? cr;Ys correctioabs -t~o means derived from observatiolls at these hours, the sig~n is to 7:e ~rever-sed. OF THE A T M O S P I E R IC TEMPERATURE. 113 The above tabular values are derived from more than 22 years of hourly observations made at eight stations. The assumption that the average of holurly observations equals the daily average, is so nearly correct as to require no further consideration; thus at Thunder Bay Island, Mich., the nean of 24 observations taken at the full hours- is 420.84, the mean of 24 observations taken at the intermediate half -hours is 42~.83, which is also the mean of the 48 semi-hourly observations. Times of Sunrise Catd Sunset in cli~erent Latitudes and for every tenth day in each rmonth.- We meet frequently, particularly in the older meteorological observations, with records taken at the times of sunrise and sunset; this practice, now generally superseded by better selected fixed epochs, still obliges us to resort to tables of times of sunrise and sunset, with the day of the month and the latitude as arguments, whenever we aim at a careful reduction of the recorded temperatures. In computing such a table for various latitudes and to answer for any year, the deduced times can only be more or less close approximations on account of the small variations, in different years, in the sun's declination, in its distance, and in the equation of time, on the same nominal day. Fortunately a few minutes of error withl a tendency to cancel itself for long series. are of little moment in the meteorological record. The tabular quantities will generally be found correct within 2 or 3 minutes, excepting in the higher latitudes, where this limit may occasionally be slightly exceeded. The times were computed by the formulae cos t -cos -sin sin S and r = 90~ + r -7t- + s - d = 90~51'nearly. cos (p cos where p - latitude, r- refraction in horizon, 3 sun's declination, s- sun's semidiameter, - sun's zenith distance, x = sun's horizontal parallax, t hour angle, d - dip of horizon. The apparent time was changed to mean time by application of the equation of time (E). The value of 6 may vary in different years, for the same nominal day, by A 9' nearly, from its average amount; the value of s hardly varies as much as -- 0'.5; the variations in E for the same nominal day amount to less than A= W of a minute, and the maximum half-daily change is of the same amount. The use of the value of A for the meridian of Washington instead of any other meridian within the limits of the United States, cannot occasion an error as great as that previously noted for S. The changes in the horizontal refraction due to extremes of temperature (and atmospheric pressure) may amount, at most, to about H= 8' froma3 the mean state, assumed at 35' (temp. 50~ Fah.; pressure 30 inch.). The value of; was taken as constant, 6 was taken fiom the ephemeris for the times of sunrise and set for those parts of the year where the use of the meridional value would introduce a notable defect. Both, S and E, refer to average years. 15 FEBRUARY, I875. 114 DISCUSSION OF THE DAILY FLUCTUATION Time of Sunrise. Latitude. DATE. 230 240 250 260 270 280 29 3800 310 320 330 1340 350 Jan. I.......... 6h42m 6h44m 6h46m 6h48m 6h5om 6h52m 6h 546h 6h 6m 6h 58m 7h00m 7h03m 7h05om 7hOSm II.......... 6 43 6 45 6 47 6 49 6 5I 6 53 6 55 6 57 6 59 7 OI 7 04 7 09 7 08 2I......-... 6 44 6 45 6 47 6 49 6 5~ 6 52 6 54 6 56 6 58 70) 7 0t 7 03 7 05 Feb. I.......... 6 40 6 4I 6 43 6 44 6 46 6 47 6 48 6 5~ 6 52 6 54 6 56 6 57 6 59 II........ 6 35 6 36 6 38 6 39 6 4O 6 4I 6 42 6 44 6 45 6 47 6 49 6 5~ 6 5I 21.......... 6 28 6 29 6 30 6 31 6 32 6 33 6 33 6 34 6 35 6 36 6 37 6 39 6 40 Mar. I.......... 6 22 6 22 6 23 6 24 6 25 6 25 6 26 6 27 6 2Q 6 28 6 29 6 29 6 30 II.......... 6 12 6 I2 6 12 6 13 6 13 6 13 6 13 6 I 64 6 15 15 6 I6 6i 6 21.......... 6 02 6 02 6 02 6 02 6 02 6 02 6 02 6 02 6 02 6 02 6oi 6oi 6I1 Apr. I..........15 53 5 53 5 52 5 52 5 5 5 51 5 5~ 549 549 5 48 5 48 5 47 5 47 11..........5 44 5 43 5 42 5 41 5 4 5 39 5 38 5 37 5 36 5 35 5 35 5 34 5 33 21..........52 --- 5 5 34 5 33 5 32 5 30 $ 29 5 28 5 27 5 26 5 24 5 23 5 22 5 21 May I~~~~~~; ~~5 27 5 25 5 24 5 23 5. 21 5 20 5 19 5 17 5 I5 5 I$ 5 12 5 11 5 o9 II..........5 21 5 I9 5 17 5 15 5 14 5 12 5 Io 5 09 5 07 5 o5 5 03 5 oI 4 59..........5 i6 5 I4 5 I2 5 IO 5 o8 5 07 5 05 5 03 5 00 4 58 4 55 4 53 4 52 June I.......... 51 5 11 5 09 5 07 5 05 5 03 5 oI 4 58 4 55 4 53 4 5~ 4 48 4 46 II.......... 5I3 5 11 5 09 5 07 5 05 5 03 541 458 455 452 449 447 444 2I.......... 5 I4 5 12 5 Io 5 07 5 o5 503 oI 4 59 4 56 4 54 45 448 445 July I.......... 5 I7 5515 503 5 09o 507 505 502 4 59 4 56 4 54 481 4 4 I.......... 5 21 5 I9 5 I7 5 I 53 511 09 56 o7 0 02 459 457 4 54 21........ 525 523 42I 519 5IS 5i6 514 512 50 5 07 505 502 500 Aug. I...........530 528 526 525 524 522 520 5IS 5i6 5 14 51 2 511 509 II.......... 5 34 5 32 5 3 I 5 30 5 29 5 27 5 26 5 25 5 23 521r 519g 517 5 i6 21........ 5 38 5 37 5 36 5 35 5 34 5 32 5 31 5 30 5 29 5 28 52 7 42 5 524 Sept2 I.......... 542 542 541 540 539 538 537 536 535 5334 533 532 532 II.......... 546 545 5 5 44 9 5 44 5 43 5 42 5 2 5 42 5 41 5 41 5 40 540 Aug........... 5 48 5 48 5 48 5 48 5 48 548 5247 547 547 547 547 547 47 Oct- I..........5 52 5 52 5 52 5 53 5 53 5 53 5 53 54 5 5 54 5 55 5 55 5 55 11.......... 555 555 5 6 5 57 558 35 0 5 59 oo 6 6 oi 6 02 62 603 tI.......... 6oo 6oi 602 603 603 604 605 6o6 6 OS 6g 6IO 6 II.6 1 Nov., I.......... 605 642 6o 6 og 6IO 640 6 32 6 656 617 6ig 63 5 6 22 II.......... 6 46 2 645 4 6 45 6 17 6I S 643 o 6 22 6 23 65 4627 6529 61 4 21.....~~ 61I7 6i 1 621 62 6 243 626 6 28 63o 6~32 6G34 6 36 6 38 6 40 Dec. I.......... 624 626 628 63o 632 634 636 638 64o 6 43 645 647 650 II...... 6 2 5 6 3 63 6 68 6 8 6 42 6 44 6 46 49 6 653 6 56 6 59 2........... 6 37 6 39 6 2 6 43 66 6 48 65o 653 6655 68 6 o 703 7 05 OFTHEATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE. 115 Time of Sunrise. —Continued. Latitude. ~........... f 000 Jan. I.......... II.......... ~h iOm] 7h i3m1 7h i6ml~ 19:, L22m h25m 7h2 7h 32~ ~h 35m[ 7h 39m[ 7n43ml 7h47TM] 7h 5in:~ IO 7 x3 [7 I6 ] x8, 21 24 7 2~ 7 3~ 33 7' 40 /7 43 17 47 [[ 21.......... 7o7 ~' 36: I8 20 72[ 725 728 ~31 7 3417 3717 4I~ 7io1712t7i5 Feb.,.......... 7~1 7 03'7 o5 J7 o7 II i o9 7'i 7'5 ~ I8 ~ 20 II.......... 52 I' 23 /7 25 17 28" 6 45~ 166 54~5 57 58 OO 70: 703 05 07'09,7 12/7 I4, 2~.......... 6 4~ 6 45 ~ 46 47 6 4! 6 5~ 6 5r 6; 52 6 53 /6 55 [6 57 6.......... II.......... 24o I6 I6 I7 I7 6 I7 6 I8 6 I8 I9 2o 2o 6 2I 2I.......... ~ I7 6 oI 6 oI o~ 6 o~ 6 oI 6 oI 6-oI 6 oo 6 oo 6 oo oo 6 oo Apr. I.......... ~ 46 ~ 46 i 45 ~ 44 5 44 5 43 5 43 ~ 4I ~ 4I 4o 5 39 ] II.......... 33 32 31.3~ 29 5 28 5 26 5 25 23 22 21 5 I9 2I.......... i 45 5 20 5 I9 I7 I6 5 I4 5 I3 5 II 5 IO 5 06 5 04 02 500'1 May I.......... 05 503 45 07 oo 58 45 45 or i 49 444 44I I I.......... 146 57 55 52 5~ 48 45 4 4 36 33 4 3c 4 27 2X......... 4 49 47 4 44 4 42 39 36 4 3 4 24 4 20 17 4 13 June 1.......... 40 4 38 435 32 29 42 143 15 44 ill 403 ] It.......... 4I 38 4 35 I 07 3~ 27 4 2 12 08 03 3 59 ] 21.......... ~ 33 4 42 39 4 36 33.3~ 27 4 2 4 ~2 4 08 403 3 58 july i......... 445 42 439 34 31 42 136 16 i II2 404 [{.......... Io8 48 45 42 4o 37 4 3 23 i9 i5 4 i i [1 21 44 51.......... 55 4 53 4 5~ 48 45 4 4 4 33 4 29 4 25 4 22 [] 58 Aug. i.......... ~o4 ~ 58 ~oo ~55 ~5o: ~50 45 147 i i.......... i2 o9 o7 o4: oo 57 142 53 21.......... 22'~ 5 5 I9 I7 5 I5 5 i z 5 12 5 io e 5 o6 Sept. I.......... ~3o ~ 28 27 ~26 ~25 ~24 22 ~25 I~.......... ~ 2I 39 37 37 36 35 35 34 34 33 21.......... 5 47 5 5 46 46 5 46 5 45 5 45 5 45 45 5 *5 Oct.,......... 56 56 56 56 57 57 56 57 65 58 56 58 59.......... 56 59 56'59 04 >6 07 07 08 09 IO i i 12 2i.......... 6 15 6 6 17 I8 6 20 6 21 6 22 6 23 24 6 25 Nov. l.......... 625 628 29 63r 633 635 37 39 6,i.......... 6626 35 37 39 4I 43 45 48 50 52'~5 21.......... 6 45 6 47 6 5~ 52 6 55 6 57 7 oo o3 o6 7 ~ro Dec. I.......... 6 55 657 02 ~ oo ~ o5 ~ I2 15 i8 ~o8 ~ ~2 ii.......... ~o7 09 12 15 I8 22 25 29 33 2I.......... x~o4 I3 7 x6 x9 7 23 7 26 7 3~ 33 36 7 4o 116 DISCUSSION OF THE DAILY FLUCTUATION Time -of Sunrise. —Continued. Latitude. DATE. 490 50o 510o 520 53~ 54o 55o 56o 570 58 60 7h 55ml ShoomI 8ho5m 8 IOl-[ 8h I15n S 20' 18 5 m 8h 31' I 38- Sh 46- Sh 548" gh 03$ I.......... 7 51 7 55 8800 S 04 8 09 8 14 8 Ig 8 25 8 3I 8 38 8 45 S 53 2I.......... 7 44 7 48 7 52 7 56 8 31 S o[ 8 09 [ 14 S 20 8 24 8 32 S 38 Feb. I.......... 7 31 7 34 7 38 7 41 7 45 7 48 7 5I 7 55 7 59 8 04 8 092o 8 1 II.......... 7 86 7 I9 7 21 7 24 7 26 7 29 7 32 7 35 7 39 7 42 7 45 7 49 2I.......... 6 58 7 00 7 01 7 03 7 04. 7 o6 7 08 7 10 7 I3 7 i6 7 19 7 22 ebar........... 6 43 6 44 6 45 6 46 6 47 6 49 6 5o 6 P 6 5 3 6 55 6 57 6 59 i.......... 6 2i 6 22 6 22 6 23 6 24 6 25 6 27 6 26 6 26 6 27 6 27 6 28 21......... 6 oo 6 oo 6 oo 6 00 5 59 5 59 5 59 5 59 5 59 5 59 5 59 5 59 Apr. I.......... ~5 38 5 37 5 36 5 35 5 34 5 33 5 32 5 1 5 9 28 27 52 11.......... 15 IS 5 i6 5 15 5 I3 5 11 5 09 5 07 5 05 5 03 5 01 4 58 4 55 21..........i 4. 57 4~ 55 4~ 53 4 50.4 48 4 46 4- 43 4~ 40 4,36 4 33 4 30- 4 26 May I.......... 4 39 4 36 4 33 4 30 4 27 4 23 4 20 4 i6 4 12 4 07 4 03 3 58 11.......... 4 24 4 20 4 1G 4 I24 OS 4 04 3 59 3 54 3 48 3 43 3 38 3 32 21.......... 4 IO 4 [6 4 I1 3 56 3 592.3 47 3 42 3 36 3 30 3 23 3 1 6 3 08 Tune I.......... 3 59 3 55 3 50 3 45 3 40 3 34 3 28 3 21 3 14 3 o6 2 57 2 47 II.......... 3 55 3 50 3 44 3 38 3 32 3 26 3 20 3 I3 3 05 2 56 2 4~7 2 37 21...,....... 3 54 3 49 3 43 3 37 3 31 3 25 3 19 3 12 3 04~ 2 55' 2 45 2 34 Tuly I..........~ 3 59 3 54 3 48 3 42 3 36 3 30 3 24 3 17 3 09 3 00 2 50 2 40 II.......... 4 07 4 03 3 58 3 53 47 3 42 3 36 3 2-9 22 3 I4 3 05 2 55 21......... 4 18 4 14 4~ 09 4 04 59 13 54 3 49 3 413 3 37 3 30 3 23 3 I5 Aug. I.......4 32 4 28 4 24 4 20 4 i6 4 I2 4 08' 4 03 3 58 3 52 3 46 3 40 II.......... 4 45 4 43 4 40 4 36 4 33 4 29 4 25 4 21r 4 17 4 12 4 08 4 03 2I.......... 55 00 4 583 4 55 4 53 4 50 4 48 4 45 4 42 4 39 4 35 4 32 4 28 658 ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~1 5 7oo 17o Sept. I.......... 5 I~~~7' 0 08 5 650 2 45 7 2o5 2I.......... 6 44 44 5 44 5 44 5 43 5 43 5 43 5 43 5 43 5 43 5 42 5 42 Oct. I.......... 6 oo 6 oo 6 oi 6 oi 6 02 6 02 6 02 6 03 6 03 6 04 6 04 6 05 rI.......... 6 I5 6 i6 6 17 6 IS 6 ig 6 2o 6 22 6 23 6 25 6 26 6 28 6 30 2I.......... 6 3oo6 32 6 34 6 36 6 38 6 4o 6 42 6 44 6 46 6 49 6 52 6 55 Nov. I.......... 6 47 6 5oo 53 6 55 6 58 7 OI 7 04 7 07 7 11 7 15 7 19 7 23 1,.......... 7 04 7 07 7 10 7 I4~ 7 17 7 20 7 24 7 28 7I 33 7 38 7 43 7 48 2I.......... 7 20 7 24 7 28 7 32 7 36- 7 40 7 45 7 50 7 56 8 02 8 08 8 14 Dec. I......... 7 32 7 36 7 41 7 46 7 5I 7 56 8 ol 8 07 8 Ul 8 20 8 27 8 35 1.......... 7 45 7 49 7 5457 59 8 34 8 Q[ 8 I5 8 22 [ 29 8 37 8 45 8 53 2I.......... 7 52 7 57 8 02 8 OS 8 I3 8 ig 8 24 8 30 8 37 8 45 8 54 9 03 OF THE A[TMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE. l l. Time of Sunset. Latitude. DATE. 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 Jan. I.......... 5h 26m 5h24m 5h22m 5h 2Om 5h hISn 5h I6m 5h14m' 5h Im 5h09mi 5h07m 5h05m 5ho 0m 5h xII........ 5 34 5 32 5 30 5 28 5 26 5 24 $ 22 5 20 5 I8 5 x6 5 14 5 II 5 09 21.......... 5 40 5 39 5 37 5 35 5 34 5 32 $ 30 5 28 5 26 5 24 5 22 5 20 5 I9 Feb. I.......... 5 48 5 47 5 45 5 43 5 42 5 40 5 39 5 38 5 36 5 34 5 32 5 30 5 29 II...........5 55 5 54 5 52 5 51 5 5~ 5 48 5 47 5 46 5 45 5 43 5 42 5 40 5 39.......... 6 00 5 59 5 58 5 57 5 56 5 55 5 54 5 54 5 53 5 52 5 5x 5 49 5 48 Mar. r.......... 6 04 6 03 6 03 6 02 6 02 6 02 6 oI 6 00 6 559 558 5 57 556 i I.......... 6 08 6 o8 6 o8 6 07 6 07 6 07 6 06 6 o6 6 O5 6 05 6 04 6 04 604 21..........6 12 6 12 6I2 612 612 612 6I2 612 612 612 613 6 13 6 13 Apr. I.......... 6 15 6 I6 6 I71 6 I8 6 I8 6 I8 6 1 9 6 19 6 2o 6 2I 6 22 6 22 II.......... Ig 6 19 621' 62i 622 6 23 624 6 2 625 626 6 27 628 629 2I.......... 6 24 6 25 6 26 6 27 6 28 6 29 63o 6 3 633 634 635 637 638 May I..........6 28 6 3~ 6 31 6 32 6 33 6 35 6 36 6 38 6 39 6 4z 6 43 6 44 646 xI........... 6 32 6 34 6 35 6 36 6 38 6 40 642 644 646 648 65 652 653 216......... 6 36 6 38 6V 642 644 646 648 650 652 655 657 659 7oI June I.......... 6 641 6 43 6 45 6 47 6 49 6 654 656 658 7Of 703 7 708 if.......... 6 45 6 47 6 49 6 51 6 53 6 55 6 58 7 00 702z 7 05 7 08 7II 7I 2I..........6 48 6 5~ 6 52 6 54 6 57 6 59 701 703 7o05 78 7II 7 I4 7I July I.......... 6 49 6 43 6 53 6 55 6 57 6 59 02 704 7 6 7 09 7 12 7I5 7I II.......... 6 49 6 PI 6 53 6 55 6 57 6 59 7 02 7 04 7 07 7o09 712 7 14 7 i6 21.......... 6 47 6 48 69o 6 52 6 54 6 56 6 58 7 oo 7 03 7 o5 7o8 7IOr 7 I I 2ug. I........... 641 6 43 6 45 6 6 5 6 55 7 6 59 7 703 if..........1 6 36 6 37 6 38 6 39 6 VI 6 742 64 3 45 64 7 68 67 6 52 6 54 21...... 28 6 29 6 3o 6P 6 32 6 33 6 34 6 36. 6 37 6 39 6V4 64i 6~42 Sept........... 6 18 6 51 62o 6 o 653 622 623 6524 624 65 626 627 6 28 iI.......... 6o8 6 49 6og 6lo 6Io 6Io 6if 61255I2 613 613 614 614 21.......... 5 58 5 58 5 58 5 58 558t 5 8 5 59 5 59 5 59 5 59 5 59 5 59 5 59 Oct2 I.......... 6 48 5 48 5 48 5 47 547 547 56 546 46 846 5745 54 7 5 745 I........... 639 5 38 637 537 53 6 535 535 534 5 34 533 532 532 5 31 2......... 5 30 5 29 5~28 528 527 526 -25 524 522 5 21 5 20 59 5 v. I.......... 6 3 5 5 514 5 6 3 6 3 50 9 6 4~ 6 42 11.......... 5 7 5 66 714 5I2 5II 5409 58 6 ~ 04 502 600 458 57 21.......... 6I5 5 14 512 56 508 5~ 6 04 50 2 600 4358 45 36 4 54 452 Dec. I.......... 6 I8 6 12 56 0 6 08 56 6 504 502 6 00 4 58 4 45 453 450 448 II.......... 5 6 5 14 51 2 0 6 IO 6 8 5O 6 Io 04 50 2 00 4 57 454 4 51 4 49 21........5 48 21 5 5 48 5 I4 5 I2 5 IO 507 5 5 03 5 00 4 58 455 453 118 DISCUSSIONOFY THE DAILY FLUCTUATION Time of Sunset. —Continued. Latitude. DATE. 360 370 380 390 40~0 410 420 430 440 450 460 470 480 Jan. I........! 4h 57m 4ah54m 4h5 m 45h 48m 4h46m 4 h43m 4ah40m 4 h36m 4 h 33m 4h29m 4h25m 4h 21m 4hi7m I 1.......... 5 O6 5 04 5 0I 4 59 4 56 4 53 4 5~ 4 47 4 44 4 4I 4 37. 4 34 4 30 2I.......... 5 I6 5 I4 5 II 5 08 5 06 5 03 5 OI 4 58 4 56 4 53 4 5~ 4 47 4 43 Feb. I.......... 5 27 5 25 5 23 5 2I 5 1 5 16 5 14 5 I2 5 IO 5 08 5 05 5 03 5 oo 11.......... 5 39 5 37 5 35 5 33 5 32 5 31 5 29 5 27 5 25 5 23 5 21 5 IS 5 I6 2I.......... 5 47 5 46 5 45 5 44''5 43 5 4I 5 40 5 39 5 37 5 36 5 35 5 34 5 33 Mar. I.......... 5 56 5 55 5 55!5 54 5 53 5 52 5 5r 5 50 5 49 5 48 5 47 5 46 5 45 II.......... 6 04 6 03 6 03 6 03 6 03 6 02 6 02 6 02 6 oi 6 oI 6 oI 6 oo 6 oo 2I.......... 6 13 6 13 6 x3 6 13 6 13 6 13 6 13 6 I4 6 I4 6 14 6 I4 6 I4 6 i5 Apr. I.......... 6 22 6 23 6 23 6 24 6 24 6 25 6 26 6 26 6 27 6 28 6 29 6 29 6 30 II.......... 6 3o 6 31 6 32 6 33 6 34 6 35 6 36 6 37 6 38 6 40 6 42 6 43 6 45:2..........~l 6 4o 6 0 6 43 6 44 6 45 6 47 6 48 6 5~ 6 52 6 54 6 56 6 58 7 00 May I.......... 6 47 6 49 6 51 6 53 6 55 6 57 6 59 7 oI 7 03 7 o6 7 o8 7 iI 7 14 II......... 6 55 6 57 6 59 7 oI 7 04 7 06 7 09 7 I2 7 14 7 I7 7 20 7 23 7 27 2I.......... 7 04 7 06 7 09 7 II- 7 14 7 i6 7 19 7 22 7 25 7 28 7 32 7 36 7 40 June I.......... 7 Io 7 13 7 i6 7 I9 7 22 7 25 7 29 7 32 7 35 7 39 7 43 7 47 7 5I 11.......... 7 I6 7 I9 7 22 7 25 7 28 7 31 7 35 7 38 7 42 7 46 7 5~ 7 55 7 59 21.......... 7 20 7 23 7 26 7 29 7 32 7 35 7 39 7 43 7 46 7 5~ 7 55 7 59 8 04 July......... 7 20 7 23 7 26 7 29 7 32 7 36 7 39 7 43 7 47 7 50 7 55 7 59 8 03 xI.......... 7 x8 7 21 7 24 7 27 7 30 7 33 7 37 7 40 7 43 7 47 7 5x 7 55 7 59 2......... 7 I4 7 I7 7 I9 7 21 7 24 7 27 7 3~ 7 33 7 36 7 39 7 42 7 46 7 5~ Aug. I.......... 7 o5 7 07 7 09 7 I2 7 14 7 17 7 19 7 22 7 24 7 27 7 30 7 33 7 36 II.......... 6 55 6 57 6 58 7 oo 7 02 7 04 7 07 7 o9 7 12 7 14 7 x6 7 19 7 2I 21.......... 6 43 6 44 6 46 6 47 6 49 6 5~ 6 52 6 54 6 55 6 57 6 59 7 o0 7 03 Sept. I.......... 6 29 6 30 6 3t 6 32 6 33 6 34 6 35 6 36 6 37 6 38 6 39 6 4i 6 42 xI.......... 6 14 6 15 6 15 6 I6 6 i6 6 x7 6 I7 6 18 6 I9 6 2o 6 20 6 2i 6 22 2I........ 5 59 5 59 5 59 5 59 5 59 5 59 5 59 6 oo 6 oo 6 oo 6 oo 6 oo 6 oi Oct. I......... 5 44 5 44 5 44 5 43 5 43 5 43 5 42 5 42 5 41 5 41 5 41 5 40 5 40 IX.......... 5 30 5 29 5 29 5 28 5 27 5 27 5 26 5 25 5 24 5 23 5 22 5 21 5 20 2I.......... 5 I7 5 16 5 I5 5 14 5 I2 5 II 5 09 5 o8 5 07 5 06 5 04 5 02 5 ox Nov. I.......... 5 04 5 03 5 or 5 00 4 59 4 57 4 55 4 53 4 51 4 49 4 47 4 45 4 43 11.......... 4 55 4 53 4 51 4 49 4 47 4 45:4 43 4 40 4 38 4 36 4 33 4 30 4 27 21.....,., 4 5~ 4 47 4 45 4 42:4 40 4 37 4 34 14 32!4 29 14 26 4 23 4 49 4 36 Dec. I.......... 4 45 4 43 4 41 4 38 4 36 4 33 4 30 4 27 4 24 4 20 4 i6 4 r3 4 09:1.......... 4 46 4 43 4 41 4 38 4 36 4 33 4 29 4 26 4 23 4 19 4 x5 4 II 4 07 2I..........!4 5~ 4 47 4 44 4 42 4 39 4 36 4 32 4 29 4 26 4 22 4 IS 4 14 4 1o OF THE ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE. 119 Time of Sunset. —Continued. Latitude. DATE. z19~ 50~ 51~ 52~ 53~' 51~ ] [...... - i { o o o ol ol oot Jan. ~.......... 4h~3m[4ho8m 4"03" 3"sSmI3"53m 3~48m13~43~ 3~37~ 3"3cm 3"22m/ 3"~4ml 3hO5mH II.......... 4 26 14 22 4 I7 x 4 o8 4 03 3 58 3 52 3 46 24 2I.......... ~ 32 4 40 14 36 4 32 2 4 24 4 20 4 I5 4 IO 4 04 53 46 Feb. I.......... 4 58 { 4 55 4 5I 4 45 4 4I 4 38 4 34 4 29 I5 II...... i 20 5 14 [5 12 5 I0 04.... 46 42 5 04 5 02 4 59 4 56 4 53 2I.......... 5 3I 15 3~ 5 28 2 5 24 5 22 5 2o 5 I8 5 26 5 Io 07 Mar'I........... 5 44 [5 43 5 4I 5 38 5 37 5 36 5 35 5 34 ~.......... ~ 3o 28 5 59 15 59 5 58 5 57 5 56 5 56 5 55 5 55 $3 52 2I.......... ~ 6 25 t6 15 6 15 I 6 t5 6 I6 6 I6 6 I6 6 26 6 27 27 Apr. r........... 6 3~ /6 32 6 33 6 35 6 36 6 37 6 38 6 39 6 42 44 II.......... 6 46 [6 47 648 i 6 52 6 54 6 56 6 58 7 00 22.......... ~ ~ o4 37 7 o2 87 o4 7 06 o 7 2I 7 I4 7 27 7 2o 7 23 3~ May I.......... 7 I6 / ~ 2 24 28 31 35 43 ~ 39 58 II.......... ~ 7 3~ 42 46 5~ 54 59 04 22 2I.......... 7 43 { ~ 7 7 57 02 06 I2 8 27 23 38 46 8 June ~.......... 7 55 [ 8 o 8 09 r4 20 26 32 39 57 07 I I..........,~ 03 { I 2c 26 32 38 45 53 Io 21 2I.......... 8 o8 I 8 I 8 25 31 37 43 8 5e 58 I7 28 july i.......... 8 07 [ 8 i 3~ 36 42 849 57 15 26 I~.......... ~ 24 8 o3 ~ 17 23 28 34 40 47 04 i4 2t.......... 8 o 8 o7 i2 27 22 8 28 34 48 56 7 54 I Aug. i.......... 7 39 { ~ 59 13 i II.......... 7 24 { 4o 51 2I........... ~ 7 ~5 x4 7 I7 27 Sept. I........... 6 44 ~ 49 6 5r 57 o I I.......... 6 22 / 25 26 29 21.......... 30 60I / OX 6 02 02 Oct. I.......... 5 39 [ 37 36 Ix.......... ~ 37 5 I9 I4 I2 08 3o 21.......... 4 59 [ 52 4 5~ 43 4 Nov. I.......... 4 4~! 3~ 4 27 17 I II.......... 4 24 ~ IO 07 56 21.......... 4- 12 / 57 3 53 38 Dec. I.......... 4 06 / 47 26 I II.......... 33 42 4 03 44 39 20 I 2I.......... 4 06 [ 45 3 39 21 I r- A B L E S OF BI-HOURLY, HOURLY, AND SEMN-HOURLY MEAN TEMPERATURES, FOR EACH MONTH AND THE YEAR, AT VARIOUS PLACES IN NORTH AMERICA. I6 FEBRUARY, IS75. ( 121 ) TABLES OF MEAN TEMPERATURES AT DIFFERENT HIOURS OF THE DAY, FOR EACH MONTH AND THE YEAR. INDEX TO STATIONS. [Arranged according to latitudes.] I. Van Rensselaer, North Greenland....... I853-55 2. Port Foulke, North Greenland....... I860-6I 3. Port Kennedy, North Somerset... e I858- 9 4. Sitka, Alaska Territory.... e I857-64 5. Montreal, Canada East......... I839-41 6. Thunder Bay Island, Lake Huron, Mich. i 863-65 7. Toronto, Canada West........ 842-48 8. Mohawk, N. Y.... i860-69 9g. Cambridge, Mass.... 84I-42 Io. Amherst, Mass..1.... 1839 II. New Haven, Conn.... I778-I865 I2. Brooklyn Heights, N. Y. @ I847-49 I3. Philadelphia, Girard College, Pa.... I840-45 4. Jackson, Ohio....... I85I-52 I5' WVashington City, Capitol Hill, D. C...... I84I-42 "C Washington City, U. S. Naval Observatory... I862-69 i6. Fort Morgan, Mobile Point, Ala..... I848-50 I7. Galveston, Texas........ I85I-51 I8. Key West, Florida........ I85I-53 (122) TABLESEE OF M1WEAN TEMPZ:ERATURE S.' 1 3 Hour. jan. Feb. Mar. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept-. Oct. Nov. Dec. Y ear. HOURLY MEANS oiF TEMPERATURE (Fah. scale). VTan Rensselaer HarIabor, NCorth Greenland.' Lat- 78' 37'. Long- 70' 53'WMr of G. Near sea level. Dr. E. Kt. Kanae. Sept- 1853, to Jan. 1855, inclusive. M~dn't 1-280-31-330.6 -380~44- 11I0443- IIo.2]+280.2[+ 360~ +290.8/+ IOO7 7-40-7 1-220.61-31-041 — 405 1 28.3 341~3 38.8 12.2 9.Q 27-0 36.6 29.2 11.2 3- 5 21.3 31.5 -4-7~ 2 28.5 34-3 38.6 12-2 9.3 27-1 36.7 29.5 11-3 31 -5 2I-3 31-3 -4.6~ 28.6 34.1 38.8 12.6 Io.0 27.2 I 8 9. I. 3 21. 6 -4~ 4 28-7 33-5 39.0 12.1 o.6 2.6 36.8 29.8 II-4 3.4, 21.3 31-8 -44~4 5 28.7 34.2 38.9 11.2 11.8 28.8 36.9 29.7 11.4 3-3 22.0 30-9 -4.2 6 28.7 33.6 38.7 io. 6 12.7 29.5 37.6 30-3 12.0 3-3 22.2 3o. 8 -3.88 7 29.0 33-2 38.0 9-5 13~5 30.4 37.8 3I-0 13~0 3.2 22.0 3I.0 -3.33 8 2-8.5 32.9 37.6 8.4 14-4. 3I.6 38.4 31.9 14.4 3.2 22. 2 3I-0 -2-7 9 28.6 32.6 36.3 6. 8 144 30. 8 39.4 33-0 15.2 2.9 22.0 30. 7 -2.2 10 28-3 32.1 35-7 6. i 15.1 31-0 39.6 33-9 15.8 2-7 22. I 3o. 6 -i.8 I 1 27.8 32-4 34.5 5-1 15~3 31.4 40.0 34.0 i 6.2 2.8 21.6 30-5 — 1.5 Noon 27-3 3I.8 34.0 4-5 I5.9 32.2 40.0 34. 2 i 64 3-0 21.4 30-0 -1-I. x 27.5 3I-3 33.6 4.0 i6. i 32 -3 39-8 34.2 i 6.5 3-0 21.7 30-1 -1I~0 2 27.6 3I-3 33.2 3.2 i6.4 32.2 39.7 34.2 1.6.i 3.2 2I.8 30-4 -I~I. 3 28. i 3I-4 33.8 3. I i 6.5 31-9 39.7 33.8 15.6 3-I 21.8 30-8 -1I~2 4 28-3 31-5 34.9 3.4 i 6.7 3I.6 39.6 33-3 15-0 3-3 21.9 31-1 -1I~5 5 28.0 31-8 35.6 3-5 i 6.2 31-I4 38-9 33-0 14.4 3- 5 21.8 31.2 -1.8t 6 28.o 3I-7 36. 2 4.4 15~3 31.2 38. 5 32-5 13~9 3-9 22.0 31-3 -2.1I 7 27-9 P1~6 36.7 5.8 14~5 30-8 38.2 32.1 13~1 4-5 22.2 3I-9 -2.64 8 28,1 3r 8 376 6.7 I 3.6 30.6 37.7 3I 7 12.6. 2 3~ -0 9 28.1 32.2 37.7 8 8I I 2.8 29.9 37.2 31-5 I2.2 4.6 22.8 3I-7 -33~4 1 0 28.o 33-3 38.0 9.6 II-7 29- 5 36- 7 30.8 I 1.8 4.6 22.5 31-7 -33~9 1 1 -28.6 — 33-3 — 38.2 -10-03.IIOIo 7 +t28.6 1+36.8 +$30.4 I+II-I — 4.6 — 22-7 I-31.6 -44~3 Mean — 28.2 — 32.7 — 36.8 7-7 +13.~4 +30-1 +3S.2 +1 -I~ -3.6 -22.0 -3~ -2.9 Bi-HOURLY MiEANS OF TEMPERATURE. Port Foulke, Nort~h Greenland.2 Lat- 78' i8'. Long- 73' oo' W. of G. Near sea level. Dr. I. I. Hayes. Sept. i86o, to July, i86i, inclusive. iC~Idn' 1 —262 1 —a~S 1 —4.8 I-I3~5 It-2T.I+33-0 1+39.4 1$-30-4 -+I5 +6.-69 +225.11 4 — 437 2 1-26.6 — 27-0 -!r2 5 - 3 -14.0 +20.0 1+32.2 139- 5 I-30.7 1+22.0 +6~67 +2. I -11.4 +4- o80 4 — 26.2 1-27.2 1-26.o I-I4.4 [+21.9 +33.7 +339-8 ~3I-0 1+22-3 +d6.8 +2.0 -12-7 t4. 24 6 — 26.7 1-26.o -25.4 I-133~1 +23-1 +$34.6 -40.2 1+31-3 1+22.4 +6.6 +$2.9 -12.9 +4-.75 8 — 25.7 — 24.2 — 23-1 -II-5 +25.4 +S35.1 +41.I7 j+32.2 ++22.6 1+7-I +-2.8 — I3-3 -t5~73 10 — 25.4 1-24.2 1-22.4 -I10.9 1+26.2 1+36.3 +342-5 1) - 1227 +7-78 +33~0 - 727+62 Noon 1-25.2 1-24-0 1-20.7 1- 9.6 +$26- 7 +-f36.8 +-42-3 +-32.7 [+23.2 1+8-5 +3.2 -I2.6 +6-.78 2 1-25.9 1-23-0 -I17.0 1- 8.7 1+26.4 +$37.4 +$43.7 +$33.6 1+23-5 +-~8.8 +3-3 3 I-I2-5 +7~46 4 — 26.2 I-24.I -i8.5 1- 9.7 +-f26. I ++36.9 +43.4 ++33.4 1+23.4 +8-87 +-.6 — ii.6 +7.I2 6 -26.2 — 24 5 1-20. 8 - i o. 8 +25.8 1+36-3 +42.4 1+32.6 1+22.8 +8-83 +33~9 -1-2.8 3-6~42 8 — 25.9 -24-7 I-21.9 -I.4 1+23-9 ]+35 3 ~+41.6 +32 I 1+22.6 +$8.i [+3-5 -I2.7 +5.88 Io -26.- -24.6 j-23-3 -13I30 +t22-3 +~33-9 1+4I-3 +31-I8 1+22.- +7.2 +3~4 -133~4 +5- Q Mean — 26.o5 -24-95-22-44-11-72+4-o8+35-1+41-49+32.4+22-59+762 +3-0.-12-56 +5.69 124 TABLES OF MEAN TEMPERATURES. Hour. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Junle. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Year. BI-HOURLY MEANS OF TEMPERATURE. Port Kennedy, North Somerset.- Lat. 720 Oit. Long. 94~ 14' W. of G. Near sea level. Sir F. L. McClintock. Aug. 1858, to Aug. I859, inclusive. Mdn't -34. 6 — 37. 6 _ I. 6. I I ~-4 +3 I I +37-0- +35 0*9 +24* 7 +6~.4 -1I30.0 -34o.0 oO.o 2 -34.6 -37.7 -2I.5 — 5-7 II.O 30.2 36.5 35.6 24-5 6.9 — I2.0 -33.2 0.00 4 -35. I -37-3 -2I.5 — 4-7 I3-3 33-3 37.2 35.6 24.2 7.4 -I I.6 -33- I.o.64 6 -34.8 -37-3 — 22.0 — 4. I I4.3 35-0 39.2 36.o 24. I 7.0 — II.O 33-3 +I.09 8 -34.8 — 37-0 — I9.9 -2.6 16.5 38. I 41.3 36.8 24.7 7.2 -IO.8 -34.0 +2. I2 Io -34.4 -36.9 -I5.2 _-o.6 17.6 39-8 42.9 37.6 25-5 8. I -I0.5 -33.4 +3-37 Noon — 34-I -36.3 I2.4 +I-.O 18.8 39.8 43-5 38. I 26.5 8.9 — Io0.7 -33-5 +4. I3 2 -34.4 -36.3 -I2.5 +I.4 I9.0 38.5 42.3 38.2 27-0 8.4 — II.5 -33.4 +3.89 4 -34- I -36.8 — 14.2 +0.3 I8.2 36.9 42.0 38.0 26.8 7.4 -1I2.0 — 33-8 +.3.22 6 -33-7 -37-3 — 18.9 -2.2 I6.5 35-4 4I.I 37-7 26.4 7.2 — I2-3 -33-9 +2.IS 8 -33-9 -37-I -I9.7 -4-4 I4-3 33.9 40.0 37.2 25.6 7.I — I2.6 -34.0 +I.37 Io — 339 — 37.o -20.0 — 5.8 +I2.6 +32. 0 +,38.6 +36.7 +25.4 -7o -I2.7 — 34.1 +0 73 Mean — 34.4 — 37. I -I8.2 — 2.8 +I5.3 — 35-3 +40oI'136.9 +25.4 + —7-4 -II-7 — 33.6 +i89 Means corrected for error of scale. HOURLY MEANS BETWEEN 4 A. M. AND IO P. M. Sitka, Alaska Ter'y. Lat. 570 03'. Long. I35~ 20' W. of G. Alt. 20 ft. I857 to I864, inclusive. Magnetical and meteorological observatory at Japonski Island. (Annales de l'observatoire, physique central de Russie.):Mdn't [39-80 1 I ~~ I ~~ I ~~ I ~~ I ~~ 1 ~~ I ~~ I ~~ 1 ~. I,~ I ~, ( ~, 1 [39.57] 2d'.................. *-.......[398 2 i ~~ I ~~ I 11 I ~~ I ~~ i ~~ I ~~ I ~~ ~~ I ~~ I ~. I ~~ 1C[39.40] 4 29.89 28.76 32.6I 35-.4I 40. 45 45-97 50.24 50.I 47.4I 4-.99 36-95 I46 3932 9 7 31.4 43 4 9.3 5 29.93 28.69 32.35 35.67 4I.04 47.03 50.97 50.97 47-54 42.08 36.88 3I.30 39.54 6 29.95 28.58 32.35 36.3I 42.6I 48.69 52.15 51.5I 47-75 42.12 36.63 3I.32 40.00oo 7 29.89 28.38 33.12 38.o3 44-46 49.86 53.69 53.08 48.76 42.28 36.68 3I.25 40.79 8 29.84 28.76 34.67 39.89 46. I3 52.04 55 I7 54-59 50.24 42.96 36.74 31.28 41.86 9 30.I6 29.93 36.59 41.52 47-84 53.71 56.88 56.20 51.82 44-.o3" 37-42 3I.44 43-I3 Io 30.89 31.59 38.II 42.98 49.23 55.o6 58.o7 57.58 53-33'45.07 38.27 3198 44-35 If 3I.82 33-23 39-33 44.I2 50.38 56.I6 59.00 58.77 54.68 45-99 39.06 32.69 45.42 Noon 32.63 33.7I 39.83 44.60 50.83 57.22 59.76 59.56 55.60 46-75 39.94 33.44 46.I6 I 32.7I 34.o00 40. I7 45.23 5I.06 57.22 60.03 59-54 55-87 46.75 40.05 33-57 46.-35 2 32.67 33.93 39.98 44.53 50-83 56.84 59.80 59-33 55-56 46.66 39.85 33-37 46.- 1 3 32'13 33'45 39-5I1 44-I9 50.22 56-39 59-52 58.81 55-I3 46'2I 39'29 32'87 45.66 4 3I-39 32.71 38.91 43-32 49.57 55-75 58-39 58-IO 54.38 45.50 38-70 32.42 44.93 5 30-85 3I.66 37.69 42.32 48-55 54-95 57.42 57.06 53.4I 44.67 38. II 1 32.O2 44.06 6 30.56 |30.92 36-3I1 4I.02 47.27 53.67 56.25 55-78 52.II 43.92 37.80 3I-77 43.II 7 30.22 30-34 35.10 395I1 45-83 52.25 550o6 54.59 50.94 43-34 37.51 31-73 42.20 8 30.20 29.97 34-38 38.27 44.24 50 58 53-80 53-44 50.o9 43. 00 37-44 3I.64 4I.42 9 30.02 29.67 33.96 37-75 43.02 49.26 52.70 52.8I1 49.55 42.66 37.2 8 31-51 40-86 10 29.84 29.66 33.61 36.95 42.14 48.24 5I.9S8 52.29 49.I7 42.51 37.11 31.53 40.42 --..... I...............-. II ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~[40.08] MeaDsS 30.61 730.58 f35.59 a39.59 45.38 1.37 54.76 54.60 50.99 43.73 37.78 31.94 42 24 1 Smithsonian Contributions to K~nowledge, No. I46; Washington, I862. e The temperatures for the 5 hoursj 11 to 3, were obtained by a graphical process, and the above means were taken from 24 values. The reclioning being in old style and easterly, our months begin and end I I days earlier than those to which the above numbers correspond. The original record is given in Reaumur's scale, it is here converted in Fahrenheit's scale. Interpolated values for 4 and 5 A. M., January, I86I, ~o~.63 and — 0~.53 (Reaumur). TABLES OF MEAN TEMPERATUR ES. 125 Hour. Jan. Feb. ar Apr. Myay. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Year. HOURLY MEANS OF TEM~PERATURE. Island of St. Htelen, opposite ME8ontreal. ILat. 45~ 3o'. Long. 730 33' W. of G. Alt. 60 ft. j. S. McCord. Printed Report, Montreal, 1842. Observations at the even hours from Aug. I839, to July, inclusive, I84o. "cc' ~'~ odd I" " 184o, ~'~ " 184I. Mdn't 70o.oo0 I90o56 2o6.o6039"~751 5 2'.o 590oI3. 660.oo 620-40 530.81 450o48 290.03/ 21074 40 i6 I I7.53 12.9I 91 8.1 31.35 46.48 60.53 62.35 64.66 52.61 42. 17 /3.6o I5-~3 37-94 2 5-74 8. I 24.22 37.90 49-66 56-96 63-22 6I-oI 53'36 44'30 28'80 22'42 38'81 3 I7.66 Ii.So 17-32 29.33 44.82 59'98 60o.62 63.70 52-33 41.~9 3I.I8 14.I2 36'99 4 5.22 17.48 22-75 35.18 49.66 57.20 62.82 60.06 52.10 /43.47 28.58 22.04 38.05 5 I7.o9. 0 57 15.66 27.93 44.77 58. 78 59.66 63.25 52. IO 40. 25 3o. 68 13.62 36. i9 6 4-456 16.94 22,09 36.71] 5~.00 /58'83 64.93 6o.41 53. II 1 43.48 29-03 22. IO 3851I 7 I6.98 9/30 I'43 30o.63 47.77 60-36 64.38 67.59 54.06 41.o9 30.75 I3.85 37.68 8 5.00 17.62 24-OI 38.83 53-55 63.50 69.79 63.61 55.51 45. 79 29.61 22'50 40'78 9 I7.80 [O.53 19-54 33.76 50.83 65.IO 67.20 70.~27 56.80 43-93 32.I3 I4.77 40.22 I 0 8.31 2/I65 27-34 43'06 57'58 [66. I3 73.24 68. 14[ 59.I8 49.30 30.80 23.21 43.94 I 1 20'04 14.69 25}01 36.9S 54. I2 68.50 o70'63 73.30 59-73 47.43 34.11 16'40 43.4I N'oon 10'92 24]34 31-54 47.28 63.7I 69.55 75.85 72'03 63' I3 52'53 32-26 24-64 /47.32 20'45 19~32 29.91 39.40 57.II 71~05 73. 50 76.30- 62'65 I8 5I 36.25 18'29 46. I9 2 I2' I7 26'27 33-80 48.26 65.37 72. 1o 77.75 74.33 64.30 55.27 32.76 25.96 49.03 3 2I-32 2o. 60 31-53 40~ 80 57-79 72.01 75-43 77- 03 64. i8 50-50 35-98 is.69 47-15 4 II98 24-/44 33.27 48.06 64.96 71..38 77.90 74.I2 64.40 53-93 32-91 26.64 48.66 5 I9t59 S.64 28.98 40 4IO 57'95 7I.2' 73~95 757'~6 63.36 47585 33.95 I7935 45 [67 6 9.87 22-34 30~74 46. I 5!6.48 69.40 75.79 72.03 6o[ 50 5I.Io 3I.43 24.72 46.2I 7 i- 56 ]5.75 24-90 37,40 54.83 68.25 70. 30 7I.I4 58.i5 45.70 33.20 I6.6i 42.98 8 0.00 21o43 28/54 43.08 58.22 65.48 7I.~6 67.I1 57.60 48.56[ 30.36 23.40 43.65 9 I9.62 15.48 23-25 34.03 50'72 63'50 66'25 68.1I 56.21 44.38 32'63 / 6.62 40.90 io 7.93 2o] 62 27.61 41.63 54.74[ 6i.9i 67.75 64.4I 55.31 46.89 29; 21/ 22.53 41.71 1 IS-35 I4.28 20.~82 32-41 4839 l 6is53 64~03 6659 54] 51 42s33 3I.28 I5.69.39.22 Ev. h.8. 4 2. 0 2' 9 4 " 7r li839-4o0 / I 20.9027'65 42.15 56.66 64.29 70- 5o 66.63 5769 48-34 30-39 23-49 43-07,I S49_4i /83 I4.48 22'54 34'50 51'34] 65'07 67'35 69'75 57'22 44.73 32.81 15.92 41.21 SEMI-HOURLY MEANS OF TEMPERATURE. Thunder Bay Island, Lake Huron~, M~ich. Lat. 45~ 2'. Long. 83~ 17' W. of G. Alt. 6io ft. [and 4 abov'e Lake H-uon]. Observer: J. J. Maiden. Dec. I863, to Dec. I865. Report, N. and N. W. Lake Survey, for I867. Ma 9 ~ 25.3.1~5 43~I 54.3 60.8 62.9 57.7 43.0 36.8 24.6 40.3 o 30 19.o 21.5 24.6 34.0 42.4 53.9 6o.I 62.6 58.0 43.2 36.6 24.4 40.0 I 18.7 21.1 24.3 33.6 42.1 53.7 59.7 62.4 57.8 43.0 36.4 24~3 39.8 I 30 I8.3 20.8 24.1 33.4 4I.8 53.3 59.2 62.1 57.7 42.8 36.3 24.2 39-5 2 18.o 20.7 23.8 33.0 41.5 53.0 58.8 61.8 57.5 42.6 36.2 24.1 39-2 230 I7.8 z20'5 23'6 32'8 4I'4 52.7 58.5 6i.7 57.3 42.5 36. I 24.0 39.1 3 I7.7 20'4 23.5 32.7 4I.3 52'5 58'2 61.5 57.2 42.5 36.0 23.8 3S-9 3 30 17.7 20.4 23.6 32.8 4I.2 52.7 58.2 6i.5 57.I 42.4 36.~ 23.9 33.9 4 I7.8 20.5 23.7 32.9 4I 5.83i 1.. ~ 52.8 58.3 61.4 57.0 42.4 35.9 24.0 3p.o 4 30 I7.9 20.5 23.8 33.0 4I'4 52.8 58.4 61.4 56.8 42.3 35.9 24.0 39.u 5 I8.0 20- 7 23.9 33.1 41.6 53.2 58.6 61.4 56.8 42.3 35.9 24.I 39. I 5 30 IS- 1 20.8 24.0 33.4 4'2.3 53.7 59. I 61.6 56.9 42.4 36.0 24.2 39-3 6 18.2. 20. C), 24.2 I 13.8 41.2 q54.6 59.9 61.9 56.9 42.5 36.~ 24. 3 39. Z 6 3~ I8.3 2I.o 24.6 34.5 43.9 55.9 61.1 62.7 7 2 3. 4 0~ 7 18.3 21.2 25.0 35.4 45.0 56.9 62.7 63.7 57.8 42.9 36.0 24.3 40.8 7 3~ I8.4 21.4 25.5 36.3 46.o 58. I 63.4 65.0 58.6 43.3 36. I 24.5 41.4 8 I8.8 2I~7 26.5 37~2 46.9 59.2 64.5 66.2 59.5 43.7 36.3 24.7 42.I 8 3~ 19.1 22.1 27.4 38.0 47.6 6o.I 65.6 67.3 6o.r ~, 66 48 4~ 9 I9.4 22.7 25.o 38.7 48. 2 60. 7 66.5 68.2 6I.o 45.o 37.o 25.0 4-39 3~ 20.0 23.2 28.9 39.2 48.5 61.5 67.2 68.8 61.6 45.7 37.4 5 4~ IO 20.4 23.7 29.6 39.8 49.0 62.0 67.9 69.6 62.3 46.4 3~ $ 45 Io ~~~~~3~ 2. 2~ 3 40.3 49.5 62.5 68.4 70.5 63.0 47. I 38.3 25.9 45.1 Ii 21[.6 25.x 31.3 40.8 49.8 62.8 68.9 ~7I~3 6.6 78 38~ 63 4 1130 22~ ~ ~ ~ ~~5.1 57 33 IZ S 63. r 69.3 72.0 64.2 48.4 39.2 26.7 46.1 126 TABLES OF MEAN TEMPERATURES. Hour- Jan- Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. Jluly. |Aug.'Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Year. Thunder Bay Island.-Continued. Noon 22~.8 26~.2 3I~.5 4I~.4 50~.5 630.5 69~.7 72~.6 64~.8 49~.I 39~.6 26~.9 46~.5 ~ 30 23.3 26.7 3I.9 4I.7 50.7 64.2 69.9 73. I 65.I 49.6 40.0 27. I 46.9 I 23.5 27.0 32. I 4I.9 50.9 64.0 69.8 73.6 65.4 49.9 40.4 27.3 47.I I 3~ 23.7 27.4 32.3 42.0 5I.O0 64.0 70.3 73.8 65.7 50.3 40.6 27.4 47.4 2 23-9 27.5 32.5 42. I 5I1.2 64.6 70.5 73.9 65.9 50.5 40.8 27.3 47.6 2 30 23.8 27.5 32.3 42.1 5I.2 64.6 70.6 73.8 65.9 50. 5 40.9 27. 3 475 3 23.6 27.4 32.0 42.0 51.5 64.5 70.7 73.4 65.7 50.2 40.8 27.1I 47.4 3 3~ 23.2 27.0 31,7 41.7 5.6 64.2 70.5 73.0 65.2 49.9 40.4 26.9 47-I 4 22.5 26.4 3I.3 4I.5 5I.5 63.7 70.3 72.5 64.7 49.4 39.8 26.6 46.7 4 30 22.3 25.7 30.8 41.I 5I.1 63.4 69.7 72.0 64.2 48.7 39.5 26.4 46.2 5 2I.9 25.2 30. I 40.6 50.6 63.0 69. I 7I1.2 63.6 48.1 39.0 26.2 45-7 5 3~ 2I.6 24.8 29.5 40. I 49.9 62.4 68.4 70.3 62.8 47.5 38.7 26. I 45.2 6 2I.2 24.2 29.0 39.5 49.2 6I.8 67.6 69.5 62.1 46.8 38.5 26.o 44.6 6 3~ 2I.0O 23.9 28.3 38.8 48.5 60.7 66.8 68.4 6i.5 46,2 38.3 25.9 44.o 7 20.7 23.7 27.7 38-2 47.7 59.6 66.0 67.8 60.8 45.8 38.1 25.7 43.5 7 3~ 20.6 23.4 27.2 37.6 46.9 58.9 65. 67.I 60.3 45.4 38.0 25.5 43.o 8 20.5 23.3 27.0 37.2 46.3 58. I 64.3 66.5 59-8 45.0 37-9 25- 7 42.6 8 30 20.4 22.8 26.7 36.8 45.6 57.4 63.8 65.8 59.5 44.9 37-7 25.6 42.2 9 20.3 22.9 26.5 36.4 45.1I 56.9 63.2 65.2 59.I 44.4 37.6 25.4 41.9 9 3~ 20.I 22.6 26.3 1 36.I 44.6 56.4 62.8 64.7 58.8 44.2 37.5 25'3 41.6 Io 20.0 22.5 26.2 35.8 44.2 56.0 62.2 64.2 58-.7 44.0 37.4 25.3 41.3 IO 3~ 19.8 22.0 26.0 35.4 43-9 55.4 62.0 63.8 58.4 43.8 37.2 25.0 4I.0 I I I9.6 22.0 25.7 35.1I 43.6 55-I 6I.6 63.4 58. I 43-5 37.1 25.2 40.8 I1 30 I9.5 2I.8 25-5 34-9 43.3 54-7 61,2 62.8 57.9 43.2 36.9 24.8 40.6 Mean 20.3 23.3 27.5 37.4 46.5 58.6 64.6 66.9 60.6 45 5 37.7 25-.4 42.8.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ HIOURLY MEANS OF TEMPERATURE. Toronto, Canada W'est." Lat. 430 39'. Long. 79~ 23' W. of G. Alt. 342 feet. Captains Riddell, Younglhusband, and Lefroy, R. A. July, 1842, to July, 1848. Mdn't2 +23.80 2I,45 27.33 39.37 47.88 55.37 59.45 60.30 53.63 40.95 34.42 26-53 40-87 I |23.33 2I.07 26,85 38.62 47.02 54.68 58.58 59.65 53.02 40,35 34-I3 25-95 40.27 2 23.25 20.73 26.47 37.95 46i8I 53.98 58-02 58.97 52.43 40.03 33-85 25-58 39-79 3 23-10 20-30 26.18 37.75 45.47 53.20 57.30 58.30 5I-97 39.87 33.53 25-45 39.37 4 23.oo00 20.00 25.80 37.32 45.00 52.63 56.67 57.92 51-38 39.57 33.37 25.42 39-OI 5 22.82 19,65 25.28 36.95 45.05 52.82 56.62 57,73 50.75 39,40 33-48 25,40 38-83 6 |23.55 I9.08 2500oo 37.o8 47.50 55.47 59.83 59. I8 51-43 39.62 33 75 24 98 39.7I 7 23-45 I8-.95 25.87 39-37 50-.48 58.28 63.50o 62. I5 53-98 40.37 33.75 24-.82 41.25 8 23.68 I9.97 27.85 41.62 52.70 60.62 66. 10o 65.42 56.73 42.62 34-80 25.25 43. I I 9 |24.65| 22.27 30.02 43.60 55.02 62.50 68-30 67.92 59.I5 45.30 36.33 26.43 45I12 Io 25,88 24.28 3I1.75 45-I2 56-72 641I7 70.00 69.90 61.I2 47.23 37.77 27.88 46.82 11 27.05 25.87 32.98 46.50 57.85 65.45 7I155 7I.35 62-55 48.60 38-78 29.12 48.I4 Noon 27.83 27.07 34.00 47.53 58.80 66.55 72.85 72.30 6352 49 50 39 57 29.93 49.I2 I 28.33 27-93 34.65 48-47 59-72 67.28 73-77 73.07 64. I2 49.93 39-97 30.65 49.82 2 28.60 28.33 35.22 48.85 60.07 67.70 74.62 73.65 64.52 50.28 40.05 130.80 50.22 3 128.57 28.32 35.02 48.92 60. I3 68.08 74.82 74. o0 64-55 50.05 39.88 30-55 50.24 4 28.05 27.77 34.55 48.53 60.08 68.32 74.83 73.85 64.33 49.32 38.98 29.90 49.88 5 27.05 26.57 33.80 47.80 59.70 67.72 74.37 73.30 63-37 47.57 37.77 28.95 49.00 6 26.23 25. 2 32. I2 46.00 57.95 66.42 72.93 71-40 60.70 45-52 36.95 28.25 47-47 7 |25'70 24.13 30.65 43-47 55.o08 63.68 69.45 67.42 58-00 44-42 36.38 27.92 45-52 8 25.38 23.28 29.68 41.88 52-37 60.38 65,25 64-50 56-72 43.68 36-07 27-53 43-89 9 25.I8| 22.63 28.68 40.80 50.62 58.22| 62.88 |62.92 _55.68 42.92 35.78 27.28 42.80 IO 24.80 22.08 28.03 40.03 49.65 56.88 61.65 61.90 54.62 42.I7 35.43 26.98 | 42.02 11 24.481 21.57 27.38 39.53 48.73 55.92 60.47 6II0o 53.98 41.50 35,o8| 26.87 4I-38 Mean 1 25.321 23.27 29.80 42.63 52.9I 60.68 65.99 65.76 57.59 |4420 36.24| 27.44 44.32 1 Phil. Trans., Roy. Soc., Vol. I43, I853. 2 The table given by Gen. Sabine commences with noon, it was changed to commence with midnight, for the sake of uniformity with the other tables. TABLES OF MEAN TEMPERATURES. 127 HOURLY MEANS OF TEMPERATURE. From self-registering instrument (Lewis's thermograph). Mohawk, N. Y. Lat. 43~ oo'. Long. 75~ o2' W. of G. Alt. 435 ft. By Dr. James Lewis. JANUARY. FEBRUARY. Mean Mean Hour. of of 1861 1862 1863 1864 I867 1868 1869 7 years. 1861 1862 1863 i864 i867 i868 6years. Mdn't 1~~~~6.o 69ar. 4.9 1Mdn't 16. o620.08 26.76 23.18 12.-91 I5.-98 22.79 I9.68 24.03 I1.81 i 063 2504.6 26.87 11 21 21.00 I I 16.93/I9'99126'65122'6912'43|15.63/22'391 I9'53 22'85 1818 18'98 25'21 26107 10'74 20'34 117'11119'49 26'35 22'44 12'I71'11 21'92 19.23 22'57 17.49 18175 24-98 25.91/ 0'3 19"96 3 116.93118.75 26.06 22.291.-57 114.72 21.43 I1.82 22'31 i6. go i867 24.66 25.7I 9.40 19.6i 4 j16.76 IS. 1612584122.11 11.o6|14.69 ]20.88 18.50 22.08 I6.0 iS.61 24-43 25o84 8.68 i9.31 5 I6.61117.8 1/25.69121.961IO. 74114.49 120.36 i8.24 22.03 I i666 8'21/ 24'20 25.60o S0oi i 12 16'58ti7.52/25.54121.858~.-43 14.46120.08 18.~7 21.64.16.45 i7. 97 23.89/25.74 7.27 18.83 7 16.5o1 6.92125.39 12I1.7o0. 341x4.4 6 29.85 17.88 21.08 1 6.28 17,53 23-56 25.22 6.74 18.40 /I6.57/I6.77/25.44 121.45 1Io. 68114. 4 2 20.09 17.92 21.26 i6.88 I18.o3 23.29 25.58 6.69 81.62 9 17.36/I7.68/26.62121.68 11.55115.24 120o56 18.67 22.87 I8.80 19.59 23-47 26-77 7.70 19~87 /19.o9519.58/28.62122. 51 13 o4116.71 21.67 2o. 17 26'30 21.29 21.52 124[36 27.94 9.88 2I,88 /1 21. i6/21~85/30~30123'7214]63 18'38/23'47 21'93 27'81 23.29 23'46 25'68 29.55 12.55 23,72 Noon 22.40 23.15/31.68125.14 i6. I4120. oo/25.46 23.42 29.4I 25.50 25.24 26-73 30-9S I5~14 25-50 / 22.67124. o/32.36125.90o17.28121.40 26.99 24.38 29.85 26,51 26.51 28.1;5 31.59 I 7.37 26.,66 2 [22'98124'62132'57126'93)17'9 7121'82/27'90 24.97 30.80 26.52/27.15 28.92 31.92 19.14 27,41 3 22.5o525.I3 322.5627.36118. 19 2I.69/28.19 25.09 30'79 26'57 27'39 29.20 31.82 20'27 27.67 4 22.04 24.25131.73127.43 17.72121.36127.o80 24.62 30o.1325.56127.04 29.20 31.21 20 36 27.25 5 20.95 23. I8 30o46126.85 I 6.81 120. 16/26.91 23.62 28. 3 24-07 26-42 28.66 30-59 19~57 26 36 6 19.~052I.99129-27126. I8)6.07 I9.Ol 25.88 22.49 27.09 22'41 24'92 27'95 29.86 18.44 25-IF 7 17.8512I.50 28.73125.37115.441 18.21 24.94 21.72 26.33/21.34/23.53 27.32 29.18/17.04 24.12 8 17.23 21.20 28.42!24.79 14.7517.50 o24. i6 2I.x5 25.70[20.51 22.56 26.64/28.74 15.89/23.34 o9 6.54120.56128.00124. 30144.2 o I6.94/23.6o 20'59 25'03 20.01 21.7I 26.16 28.25 I5.O9 22.71 11 5.82 2o.45127.6 71223.89|3.70 I6.49/23.45 2 0.21 24.53 /9.67 20.91 26.07 27.62 13.66 22.08 11 /15'66 201 9127'145 ]23'48 13'34 6'35 [23'11 19'9~90 24'26 19'69 20'~4 25'4 8 27'I I2' 33 21,50 Mean 18.4712o.62 28.33t23.96 13.88 I7.30 23-50 20.87 25.40 2o.65 21.84 25.99128.[6 I3o05 22.51 MARCH. APRIL.' Mean Mean Hour. fo t~~ ~~o tt 1 ~ffl II o 1861 1862 1863 I864 1867 1868 6 years. [86i I862 i863 i864 i867 i868 6years. ----— I I I t!f Mdn't 25'73 27'53122i13 30.59126'82 27'85 26.77 38/63 38-08 43'36 41.56 39'04 3561I 39.38 1 25'39 26'46 21.18 29.6o 26.05 26.I1 25.80 37-5I 36.85 4I'83 40.48 37.99 34.45 38.18 2 ( 24.90 26.28 20.50 29.I4 25.71 25.51 25.34 36/92 36.52 40o93 3981I 37.63 33.89 37.62 3 24.24 25-75 20.09 28-55 25'~7 25.06 24 79 36-43 36.08 40 36 39.22 37. 6 33-39 37I 1 4 23'77 25'40 I9'38 28'~3 24'7I 7 24'67 24'33 35.96 35.50 39'85' 38-70 36.74132.68 36.57 5 23.60 24.78 I1.I 27.59 24.33 24.35 23.91 3596 34.95 39.22/38.8I 36.82 32.09 36.20 6 23-33 24.1 I I8.17 27.30 23.93 24.1o 23.50 35.97 34~71 38.50 37.65 36.96 31.63 35.90 7 23'55 24'70 I7'97 26.97 23'79124'26 23.54 37.22 35.30 38.28/37.5I 37.89 32.42' 36.44 24'95 26'54 20'1O 27.11 25'22 25'42 24'89 40t50 37.86 39.50 38.09 39.43 34.04 38.23 9 27.25 28.32 22!65 28.52 27'07 27'20 26.83 43/50 40.87 4I.46 39.76 4o1 0 36.16 40.46 I 28.93 30~52 25.13 30o54 28.63 29.39 28.86 45-S9 43.52 43.75 41.54 42.6I 38.43 42.62 1 1 29.89 32.43 27.46 32.2I 29.93 3I'65 30~59 47175 45. I6 45.91 43.27 44.37 40.42 44.48 Noon 31-07 33-98 29. o6 33.69 31-41 33- 73 32. i6 49- 1I 46-78 47-98 44.66 46,14 42-42 46.I8 1 3I-99 1 4459 1 00.24 135-05 132-34,35.61 33-30 49-71 47-85 149-72 46. I 47-43 44.21 47-5I I~ -6:-Q: Q- - - -5 -- 2::11:C): 2 48. 3 32~68 5~45 3I~0 36.7033~I4 33.9 3.5 49.g 49I 5.6 487.5 4.44 45.7 4. 39 32'04 I34.5~ 3I'31 36'80 ]33'19 [38'82 /34.56 1[~4 48.76 ]53.23 [49.26 [50.21 46.80 [49.62 5 32.I633~56 0.61 3637 32.2 38~ ] 34.05 []~2 48.12[ 53. I9 48.74 149.97[ 46.62] 4.9.31 6 3073 2~34 2923 35~6 31.3137~! 32.67 48II 47 I8 I52.32, 48.28 148.38 [44.85 [48.20 [ 28.91 [30.94/27'69 [34.17 [29.96 /34.82!0 31.o8 [ 44'63 /50.74 [47.05 [45.85 42.8o 46. I9 [27'9~] 3~'2~l 2'59 133.31 29'~1 132.95 29 43.55 I7 80 54 36.2 ~9 [27.49[ 29.40/ 25'53 [32'60 [28'29 [31'29 2. 41.82 /00841.8S4.04~3 [38.74 ]42.31 fl I 27'44128'78t 24-27/ |3.99 /27.69 /29.86; 28134 [I~3 39.46145.75 /43.2I 14o.82/37.45!41.18H Mea 126'83128'39/23'~7131'32/27'24128.88l II239.39 38'83144'4I 42'28 39'97136'4214~'22 Men 27~84 29.62 24.72 3~65 28~3 63,-~ [28 78 l[-9 4156 4~542 42~97 42~50 38~63 42~33~ 128 TABLES OF MEAN TEMPERATURES. l~ohavk.-CnConti nued. IMAY. JUNE. Me~tan Mean Hour. j: Iof Il 1 I I 1 I I of I86I 1862 1863 I864 1867 1868 6 years. i186o 1861 1862 i 863 1867 1868 6 years. Mdn't 46.27 48.65 56.90 58.23 46.I 51.89 5I.34 59.83 58-97 56.63 6o.96 62-35 6o.78 6o. 25 ] 45. I2 47.70 55.23 56'77 45'65 50'92 50~23 58'86/57'52 55.46 59.60 60'23 5878 58.41I 2 44.37 46.76154.05 55.93144.90 50o03 49.34 57.89 56.76 54.76 5S.70 59.39 57.68 57.53 3 43.7 I 45.77 53.O0 55.20 44.19 49.12 48'50 57.06 5.~53 54.38 57.96 58.99 56.70 56.77 4 43.I5 44.86 52.o8 54.55 43.I4 4S.31 47.68 56'26 54.57 53.77 57.27 58'58 55.93 56.06 5 42.88 44.37 5I.I9 53.99 42.96 47.77 47.19 55.64 54. 6 53.21 56.67 58-9 i 55'60 55'58 6 43.o8 44.67 5o.50 53.62 43.39 47.86 47. I9 56'48 54'98 54'~7 56.29 59.-33 56'21 56"23 7 44.31 48.05 50o94 54.65 44.83 49.oI 48'63 57.99 57.55 57.I2 56.9o 6i'65 57'96 5820 8 46.9ol52.60 52.87155.52 46.75]5I.00 5~.94 6o. 69 61.27 6x.oo 58.67/64.736o. 69 691.17 9 49.67 56.3I 55.62 57.54 48.50 52.81 53-4i 63'1f 64'58 63' 75 6 ~.9. }7'89 63'63 63'98 ]0 52.54 59. I9 58.17 59.65 50.20 54.59 55.72 65.77 67'I8 66.]3 63238 70.86 66.42 66.59 11 54.44 6i.46 6~.8I 16i.88 151.90 56.67 57.86 67-72 69.21 68.49 65,52 73~23 68-43 68-77 Noon 56.o9 63~.1 63.07 63. 89 53- 50 58-20 59'65 /69'I4 7o. 61 7o.1i 67.50 75.30 70.76 70.57 1 56.53164.44 64.94 65.4-9 54-99 59.52 6~'99 69'89 71-63 70.30 69.18 77.o5 72.77 71.o 0 2 [57.37164'93166.84167.27155.78 6~.47 62. I I/7I.o6 72.39 7IIz 70.95 78. I6 74.56 73.04 3 157.3i 65.o8,68.1 i[ 68.35/56.2916o. 69 62.64 7I,8I 72.6I 70-97 72.13 77.97 76'02 73.58 4 57.26164.66 68.74 68.84 56.36 6 1.59 62'91 7,.28 7 2.6.30 78'31'82 73'62 5 56.62 64.o9 68.67 68.56 56.03 6I'78 62.62 70.43 1 r.78 69.47 72. I5 77.78 76-63 73.04 6 55.96162.27 67.So 67.66 54.93 /6.23 61.64 68'65 70.2i 68.4-4 71.25 76.66 75.I4 71-.72 7 53.74 58.94 66.15 65.84 52.95 59.40 59.50 /67'25 67'So 66'I99 69.645 8 50o50 54.46 63.8o 64.03 50~.6 57.~1 56'78 65'35 [4'7x 62.59 67.83 69'48 68'96 66.49 9 48.34 51.97 61.68 62.o8 49.22 35575 54.84 /3'39 62'33 60~ 65.52 6.42 66.29 64.04 I / 46.99 50.93159.91 [60.62/47.88154.19 53.42 62'03 60'72 59.40o 6374/64.92 64-17 621 50 46356 49-79 58'35 59942146'8[33' ~~j233Ii6~83 97s s7'64 62.264 6 622'376I.O Me —an 49-99 54-78 59'56 160- I 49'5I 54/70 54.89 }63.70 63.73 62.28 64.o6 68.II 65.64 64.59 JULY. AUGUST. M~ean Mlean -lour. I 1 I I' I I tof 1863 of:86o iS6i 862 [86 iS67 iS68 6years./t i86o ]86i 1862 1863 i867 868 6 years. I86i i862 i86~3 i86 Mdn't 6i.2i 63. i6 62.4I 70.48 63/ 01 7I 38 65.27 62.23 6j.64 61.62 67.96[63.23 64.48 63.53 1 6o. o,, 62.3] 6i.54 69.56 62.08 69.89 64.30 61.67 6i.93 60.62 67.53 }62.56 63.45 62'96 2,59.5o 6i.6 6o.5468.9 go 60.93 68.64 63.36 6I.07 I6.66 59.86 66'67 6i.59 62.6o 62.24 3.75 6i.o6 59.8o 68.4o[ 60o.o0 6756 62 59 6o. 58 6~.71 59'I4 65'94 6o.099 /6.97 6I'55 4 5~. I 60.46 59. 13 67.89 59.12 66.66 6.90o 59-.97 59'87 58'44 65'44[ 60'45 6i.5i 61. 95 5 5746 6o. o0 58.68167.44 58.53 66.05 6i.37 59'64 59'16/ 58~01 [5'05 59.8/ 61.02 60.45 6 57-95 60-41 59.2i 67.20 58-S3 66. I 2 6i.62 59'70 58'90 57.98 64'67 59.69 6o. 7o 60.27 59-84 61.92 61.7467.52 6. 8] 67.47 63.28 6o[t o 60'~2 59.99 64.78 61.29 61.45 61.37 8 62.4- 64-14 64-8i 68-79 64.4 I 69.6t 65.7o 62.84 62.24 62.65 65.87 64.49 6 3.2o ]63.55 9 65.24 66.95 67'40/70'36 67'50 72' 9i 68'27 65.34/65.o0 65.96 67.56 67.25 65. I3 66.04 Io 68. io, 69.63 69.63 71-9o 71~58 75-I1 70.99 68.27 67.75 69o07 }69.6r 70. 8i 67.38 68'71 I 1 70.23 71.61 7I.51 73.63 72'91 78.01 72.98 }70.70, 69.9 5 71.67 71.44 72.7 7 69.63 71'~3 Noon 71.81 73'~6 72'93 74'98 74.88 S0.7.7 74.74 72.82 71.23 73.93 72'96 74.9 4 71.7o 72.93 1 72.37 73.79 74.26 76.47 77. I3 82.63 76.I1 73'97 71.93 75.55 74'69 76.88 73.27 74.38 2 72.30 73.96 74.89 77.98 79.05 84.95 77.I9 74.34 7I.98 7.5.76 76'53 78.24 74-.80 75.27 3 72. I. 74.35 75.20 79.31 80.74186.63 78.06 f74'50 72'11 I 76'02 78'23 79'04 75'86 75'96 34 7,.8: 74.07 74.6ol 7i).98181.32188.3 / 78.37 }74'~9[ 72'~~t75'82 t78'78179'~3 76.78[ 76.12 7!.61 73.40 74.47 [ 8i.Io &I 859 I 88.3 /78.33 [[73'20!7I'69 t75.02 /78'36t 78.55 I76.97 /75.63 5 670.5, 72.27 73.12/79'29/79'27 1'7'68l 77.~3 17I'751 70.69 [73.64 77.59~ 76.3 [76.'~ 74.40 [ 7 68'7' 70'75 70'99 /7!7.77 75.42 /84.69 74.72 / 9,oIO 68,58 / 7~o 3 /76.~~ 73.07 173.40/71.86 66. x, 68.20 68.20 ]75.92 [7,.85 }80.60/ 71.82 //6.49[ 65.98 ]g, 680 3.77 69.53 / 0.83 ]69'~~ I 64765.00 65.9917:I 68.34 1 77'631 69.39 1/ 5'2T 64.41 165'42 71783 t67'16168'47/ 67'~8 [ o 63.22 64.75 64.15 7:2.56[ 66.31 75't51 67.69 // 4.I3 / 63.2ot 63.77 t7~'19 [ 5.58t 66.82 [65.6~ [ Ir 1~62O 3.99 63.25 7I.38/64.6o/ 73.o~t 66.39 /i63'261 62'45 /62'59 69'~I 64'~7[ 65~g 5x 4'50 ~ Mean 5.26 67.,6 67.o2[ 72.99 [ 9.2oi 76.24 ]69.64 //66'48165'63.66.73 j7o.85 /68.63 68.:14 67.73 TABLES-OF MEAN TEMPERATUR~ES. 129 MVohawk. —Continued. SEPTEMBER. OCTOBER. Mean Me,,n Hour. of o iS6o I86I IS62 1863 1867 I868 6 years. I86o I86I I862 _._ I867 i 6 er. Mdn't533 568 559 5606 1 Mcln't 53.~35i 56'8 7 155~99 5456.515463 53.~84 55.20 48.30 48.45 46.474 447~57 44.94 40. 65 46. 5,3.49 56.09 55.89 55.86 54.52 53.98 54.97 47.o0 48.o 9 46.55 47.22 43.54 39.96 45.41 2 52.9o155.39155. 9 55-12 53.79 53.40 54.30 46.85 47.34 46.26 46.75 42.7I 39-49 44.90 3 52.15 54.96!54.70 54.33 53.1o 52.99 53.71 46.65 46.82 46.03 46.24 42.02 39.I2 44.48 4 51.24 54.46 54.I6 53.65 52.66 52.51 53.11 45.95 46-50 45.49 45.80 41.57 38.68[44.00 5 50.36 54.12 53.86 53.06 52.04 52.06 52.58 45-29 46.34 45.25 45.4 2 41.02 38.46 43,63 49.92 53.84 53.57 52.54 5I-48 51.81 52.19 44.77 4 6.09 44.99 45. I2 40.61 38.30 43.31 7 50.25i 54.39 54.5t 52.22 51.76 52.01 52.52 44.55 45.86, 44,85 44.86 40.65 38.I9 43.16 8 5I.8o 56.04 57.o8 52.99 53.58 53.I4.. 54.IO 44.92 46.52 45.81 45.05 41.75 38.86 43.82 9 54.40 58.4o 6o.16 54.90 56.Io 54.72 56.45 46.i8 48.60 47.05 46.i9 44.i3 40.2r 45.39 57.03 61.03 63.09 57.I6 59.I4 56.,71 59.03 48.25 50.98 49.24 47.98 47-13 42.05 47.60 if 59.53 63.OI 66.05 59.48 61.64 58.54 61.38 5~.22 53.17 51.33 49.69 50.27' 43.76 49.74 Noon. 6 oi 3-39 5.25 37 6.58 64.55 68.37 61.66 64.05 6O. l 63.39 52.02 54-94 53-15 51.19 52.53 45-53 51.56 1 63.38 65.49 7o.18 63.62 66.63 61.65 65.16 53.I8 56.05 54.o4 52.50 54.76 46.82 52.89 2 64.42 65.86 70..70 65.52 68.97 62.50 66-33 53.84 56.96 54.26 53-75 56.20 47.71 53.79 3 64. I 66.23 71. 9 67.I2 70.56 63.26 67.08 54.16 57.20 53.87 54.57 56.97 48.37 54. 19 4 63.78 65.87 70.73 67.5.6 71.Ii 63.4I 67.o8 53.79 56.48 53.38 54.58, 56. 50 48-I9 53.82 5 62.85i 6525 69-49 67.22 68.96 62.48 66.04 52-70 55.~1 52.25 53,77 54.97 47.I3 52,64 6 61.2o 63.60 67.I5 65.79 65.79 6i~og 64~IO 51-31 53 P1 50-81 52.69 52.20 45Io1 50-97 7 58.62 60.88 64.08 63.75 62.54 59.29 6i.53 49.48 51.39 49.37 51.53 50.20 44.47 49.41 i 56.32;59.38 6i.15 6t.65 6~'~5 57-69 59'37 48.45 50.46 48.34 50.49 48:69 43-43 48.31 9 55'11 58.51 59-36 59.96 58.I6 56.4I 57.92 47.68 o.o00 47.78 49.58 47.41 42.53 47.5~ I 54.54 57.92 57.94 58.59 56'73 55.49 56.87 48.04 50.40 47 53 4-8.84 46.51 41.82 475I9' If 53-82 57.33 56.83 57-43 55'75 54.66 55697 48.38 49-37 46.85 48.I7 45.74 41.2o 46.62 Mean~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~59 46.538 49.57461.85'49.17 4597 4.320 46.6287 Me 56-51 59-57 6I31I 59-07 59-32 56.82 58-77 148.83 5o.67 48,80 49.I5 47.63 42.53 47.94 NOVEMBER. DECEMBER. Mean iMean Hour. o of 186o 1861 1862 1863 1867 I868 6 years. 186o I861 iS62 1863 1867 1868 6 years. Mdn't 37.72; 35.02 34.45 39.17 34.38 32.54 35.54 21.00 25:81 25.47 23.32 17.62 19.87 22.18 I 38.53 35.o6 34.69 39.80 34.80O33.49 36'06 il2 14 2 5' 54 25.80 22.85 I6.70 1 9.38 21.95 2 38.48 34.65 34.23 39.26 34.I9 33.II 35.65 21.22 25.06 25.54 22.51' 16.22 I9.03 21.60 3 38.27 34.09 33.74 39.08 33.82 32.63 35.27 20.90 24.44 25.41 22.22 15.82 18.57 21.23 4 38.20 33.74 33.43 38.78 33.52 32. 34 35.00 20.68 24. I 25.1 9 21.97 15.44 18.30 20.93 5 38.01 33.32 33.10 38.53 32.87 32.21 34'67 20.67 23-84 24-95 2-181 15 34 18~23 6' 37.95 32-94 32.8 38.32' 32.28 32.04 34.40 20.61 23.57 24.85 21.69 14.97 I8.O7 20.63 7 37.59 32'42 32.24 38.04 32-I5 32.O 34.07 20.41 23.77 24.68 21.59 I4.47 I7.96 20.48 8 37.47 32.52 33'09 37'92 32.40 32-12 34"25 9193 23'99 24.9 3 21.54 14.34 18.I7 20.50 9 37.89 33.74 34'55 38'I1 33-73 32.63 35.I 20.90o25.02 26.08 21.88 15.38!8.73 2I.33 II 405 35.74 36. 38 3 9-lo 35.27 33-6 6 36. 52 22.38 27.00 27.09 22.56 16.6i 2o. 13 22.63 II 4o. 5I 37.52 38-6 4o. IS 37.07 34.66 38.02 23.97 28.89 28.42 23.75 I8.50 21.I6 24.1I Noon 41.7o 39.05 39.42 41'31 38.33 35.74 39.26 24.98 30.65 29.42 25.o8- 20.17 22.59 25.48 I 42.40 40. l 4O O0 42.20 39.00 36.54 40~04 25.52 3.54 3o.3ii26. i8 21.44 23.52 26.42 2 42.69 4o. 46 4o.4I 42.7~ 39.38~ 26.93 40-43 53 16 05 ~7 2I 48.6 3 42.72 40.66 4o.54 42.96 39.31 37.17 40.56 24.96 31.o5 13o.3~ 27.21 22.35. 24.o0 26.65 4 42.071 39.65 40.24 42.69 38..72 36.94 40.05 24.49 29.66 29.97.26.87 22.o6~ 23.5 1 26.09 5 41.14 38.41439.15 42.24 37.71 36.31 39.II 23.42 127.98 329.02 26.44 21.36 22.69 25.65 6 4o.6I 37.46 ao. 4 &27 IC.~82 35.46 38.I727 28.26 25.67 20.2- c A87 )I 79 21.81 24.41 7 3'9.I7 36.20 37.05 4o. 83 36.2oi 34.76' 37'37 22.28 26.20 27.62I 25.35 2o. 44 2I.I-8 23.84 8 38.3I 35.77 36.95'40.46 35.75!34.2o 36'91 21.93 25.73 27.11 24.86 19.69 2o.93 23.38,9 37.9I 35.19 36.25 39.96 35.45 33.71 36.41 21.57 25.76 26.42! 24.36 19.22 20.632.9 37.76 35.ol 35.68 39.58 35.21 133-4o 36.II 21.19 26.28 26.00! 24. IO 18.87 20.262.8 1137.76 34.98' 35'~1 39.35 35.~3 32.91 35'84 i21'I4 25'97 25'71123'79 I8'48 20'04 22'52 3en 9.3r 35,96 36.24 4o.08 35.57 34.o6 36. 88 22.24 26.69 27.03 13 294 18.27 20.54 23. 12 I7 F~:nnRuaR, 875. 130 TABLES OF MEAN TEMPERATURES. Mohawk.-Continued. N. B. In the following means the preceding months marked thus ", are omitted. HIour. Mar. May. July. Aug. Mar. May. July. Aug. 5 years. 5 years. 5 years. 5 years. Hour. 5 years. 5 years. 5 years. 5 years. Ailn't 260.56 5'.23 620.26 63~'34 3Noon 3I~.84 590.94 72~.60o 73~. I8 I. 25.74 50-09 6I.42 62.86 I 32.84 6.28 7347 74.6 2 25-31 49.20 60.57 62. 7 2 33.67 62.43 73.72 75-37 3 24.74 48.38 59.87 6I.47 3 33-85 63.~3 73.90 75.98 4~ 24.26 47.56 59.24 60.83 4 33-70 63. I 7 73'50 75.98 5 23.82 47-08 58 73 60.33 5 33.o6 62.79 73JI6 75-36 6 23.38 47-05 59I9 6. 3I-79 6o.72 7I.98 74.o6 7 23-40 48.56 61. I7 6I.36 7 30.33 59.52 70~I5 7I'56 8 24.78 50 93 63'79 63.62 8 29 40 56-73 67.5f 68.75 9 26.76 53- 53 66.53 66.22 9 28.66 54.65 65.42 66.8I Io 28.75 55-95 69. I2 68.98 o 28.03 53.27 64.04 65-37 | I I t 30.38 8.So 1 7I.I2 71-3I I I 27.37 1 52.20 63.II 64.30 Mean 28.44 54.93 66.48 67.66 N. B. The observer remarks that the indications of the instrument are absolutely correct, but that its exposure wns not unexceptionlable; the locality, though in the shacle and on the north side of the house, being accessible to the influence of the sun between 2- or 3 P. M., and sunset or to within half an hour previous to sunsef. In I865 the station was movable to avoid this influence, ir I866-7 it was tolerably free from disturbance, in the winter 1868-9 a screen was erected to the westward. I have omitted the results in all months marked, considerilng the indications affected from the above cause. IS.-] our. Jan | Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Year. BI-HOURLY MEANS OF TEMPERATURE. Cambridge,' Mass. Lat. 42o 235 Long. 7I~ 07'. of G. Alt. about 7I ft. Observer..... Oct. I84I, to Dec. I842, inclusive. o.6 270~92 34~.21 33~.02 39~'41 460'93 540.65 66~0.oo 6IC.20 49c'9~ 390.66 33~.I3 29~.22 420.94 2.6 27.3I 32.94 3I'79 39'76 45.67 52.68 64'79 60.35 48.49 3840 32 -77 28.75 4I97 4.6 26.97 32.0I 3 I.48 38.24 45-06 52.60 64.93 59-'5 48. I7 37.90 32-4' 28.66 4I149 6.6 25.71 32.15 30-59 38.93 49.6I 59-74 68.24 62.II 47.81 37-75 32.27 28.24 42-76 8.6 23.90 3254 37.09 43.3I 57.~4 65.o9 73'56 68.oo00 56-44 43'I5 35 37 29-48 47o8 Io.6 | 29.30 36-42 42.41 46.55 60.52 68.95 78.48 71-95 63-45 51-33 4I-5I 33'85 52o06 o.6| 33-24 40-40 45-04 48.22 63.08 7I.8 | 79-03 72-72 66.Io 55-07 43.66 36-57 54-53 2.6 3327 40-99 44-51 48-52 63.98 71-49 78-49 73-01 66.04 55-91 43'69 36-33 54,69 4.6 3I76 38-87 42.rr 47-0oI 62.5I 69.33 76.64 7I-79 63.28 52.28 40.58 33-33 5246 6.6 29-55 35-I3 37-77 44-3I 58-I3 66.54 72.45 68.39 58.o9 45-59 37.62 3I.64| 48.77 8.6 / 28.82 34-58 3524 4Io-07 52-40 59.60o 68.80~ 64-40 53.82 42-52 3567 30-58 45'62 I0.6 |28-I3 34-57 33-85 40o.2I 49.40 56.o8 67| 62.86 5I-30 40-82 34757 29.61 44o~'3 Men 28.82 625.64~53703 35/9 /l473 Mean |2-82|35-4~ 37-07 |42.96 54-53 62-33 7-153 66-36 567 4503 54 3I 437 No. 3 Io 0 4 I5 oI4 fI?0 I I I | I5 | | 23 It is apparent that the small number of observations is the principal cause of certain anom alies pre sented in tile above means. 1 Memoirs Am. Acad., vol. ii, new series; also Trans. Conn. Acad. of Arts and Sci., vol. i, part I, I866. ~~~~~~'1iIIi _ _ I TABLES OF MEAN TEMPERATURES. 131 Hour. Jan. F eb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Year. June.~~ Va. HOURLY MEANS OF TEMPERATURE. Amherst, Mass. Lat. 420 22t. Long. 72~ 34' W. of G. Alt. 267 feet. Prof. E. S. Snell. I839. ATdnl't -+20o.44 26~.87 290.96 43~.62 52~.17 5.2 660.30 620.92 54o.46 46~.37 320'40 27.030 430.2 I t I9.04 25'79 30.08 4231 5I4 41 54'96 65.22 62.30 54.44 45-59 32.46 27.65 42.6I 2 8. 70 25-54 30.00 4I.85 50'44 54'32 64-78 6I'78 53.68 44.8I 3I.8I 27.08 42.07 3 18.81 25-37 29.46 4I. I2 49.5I 53.68 64.33 61.4I 52.88'44.00 3I.3 26.73 41.55 4 I8.44 24.63 29.12 40.69 49-04 53.56 64. I9 6I. I5 52'24 43-37 3I.08 26.58 4I I7 P 18.22 24-37 2877 40-42 48-74 53.80 64.07 60.78 5I.92 42. 74 3077 25'96 40.88 6 18.26 23.79 28.69 40.77 50'I5 55-64 65'59 6I6.3 52'36 42.81 30.46 25.50 4I.30 7 I8. 19 23.79 30.I9 42-57 52.70 57.40 67.81 62.96 54.48 43-59 30.52 25.3I 42-47 8 I9.II 24.79 32. 73 45.50 55.30 60.20 70-52 65.48 57.28 46. 5 32.1I2 25.I5 44-53 9 21.48 27.12 3527 48.46 57.52 62.48 72.48 68.37 60.36 49.63 34.46 26.88 47-04 I0 24.26 29.42 37-38 51.23 60.o4 64.72 75-4I 70.48 63'I2 52.70 36.23 29.83 49-57 Ir 27.04 31.2 39.58 54. J9 62.o4 67.28 78.04 72.89 65-84 55-48 37.8I 32.04 5I.96 Noon 29.26 32.83 4I1I9 56.46 63.67 69.68 80. I I 74.30 67.96 57-52 39.81I 33.58 ~ 53.86 I 30-40 33.92 42.46 58.oo 65-07 70'96 80.44 75.67 68.92 58.70 40-92 35-42 55-07 2 30-74 34-63 43-I5 58.96 65.67 70.60 81. I 75-30 69.60 59- 74 40-77 35.58 55-49 3 30. 26 34-37 42-92 58.35 65.I9 70.20 79. II 75. II 69.00 59.70 40. o8 34.88 54-93 4 28.74 33-46 42.4 57. I5 64.78 69-44 78.78 73.67 68.20 58.70 38.65 33-04 53.89 5 26.26 3I.67 40-46 55-58 62.89 67.60 77-44 72.70 66.24 56. 37i 08 31.3I 52. I I 25.00 29- 75 38.27 53.04 6I.oo 65.80 75-78 70.26 63.32 53.96 35.65 29.96 5o.I5 i 7 22.270 29.62 34.64 50.23 59.30 63.52 73. IS 68.88 61.27 5I70 35-144 29.59 48.34 8 22.30 29.00o 33.88 48.27 57.II I6.56 70. 63 67. I I 59.69 50~33 34.72 29.08 46.97 9 21I.44 28.29 32.92 46. 77 55.26 59.64 68. 56 65.85 57.81 49- 30 34.00 28.59 45.70 IO 20.93 28.00 3I.2 45.23 54I9 5840 67.82 6442 5627 4856 3364 28.08 44-75 II 20.52 27.38 30.52 44.3I 52.93 57-40 67.37 63.65 55. I9 47.22 32.84 27.70 43~92..... 40..... Mean 22.94 28.57 34.80 48'54 56.92 |6.62 7I'62 67.45 59.85 50-36 34.79 29.28 47-23 DERIVED HOURLY MEANS OF TEMPERATURE. New Haven,' Conn. Lat. 4I~ 18'. Long. 720 56' W. of G. Approx. Alt. 45 feet. Various observers. 1778 to 1865 inclusive. Mdn't 24.26 25.24 32.28 42. Ig 51.88 6I.I5 66-.46 65-57 57-7I 47.02 37.68 28.25 44-98 I 23.9I 24.77 3I177 41.4I 5I.oI 60.03 65-49 64-75 56.87 456.26 37. I4 27-93 44.28 2 23.53 24.31 31.24 40.74 50.12 58.9I 64.69 64.03 56. I8 45.62 36.64 27.60 43.63 3 23. I9 23.80 30.72 40. Io0 49.-31 58.25 64. II i 63-56 55 70 45-o5 36.22 27.25 43.-IO 4 22.83 23.32 30.28 39.52 48-78 5810 63-.97 63.I6 55.27 44.59 35.82 26.93 42-7I 5 |22.46 22.95 29.91 39.3I1 48.90 58-79 64.27 63.22 55.15 44.29 35.52 26.64 42.62 6 |22. Ig 22.81 30.00| 39.69 |50.68 60.83 65.5I 63-96 55.66 44-45 35-52 26 45 43. I5 7 22.15 23.01 31.18 41.57 53.65 63.79 67-98 66.21 57.75 45-83 35.84 26.46 44.62 8 22. -71 24.42 33.79 44.80 56. 77 66.99 70-.80 68.98 50-78 48.81 37-34 27.2I 46.95 9 |25-20 |27.60 36-55 47-96 59-42 69.64 73-30 71-54 63-75 |5.68 39.86 29.41 49.66 Io 28. 1I2 30.59 39,33 50.71 6I.49 7I.69 75.45 73.7I 66-28 54.62 42.56 32.05 52.22 II 30~I6 32-34 40'95 52-33 63-05 73.04 77.23 75'60 68.15 56-75 44-51 33-91 54.00 Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences. Vol. I, Part. I. New Haven, I866. Art. v. By E. Loomis and H. A. Newton. The numbers of the tables are derived in part from 3 observations a day, during 86 years, and in part from 5 observations a day, during 9 years, with the assistance of the law of the diurnal fluctuation as found at Philadelphia, Amherst, and Cambridge. 132 TABLES OF MIEAN TEMPERATURES. Hour. jJan. Feb. Mar. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Year. Hou.. Jan New Haven.- Continued. Noon } I~.72[ 33.740.10 No.l 3I~.72 33~.67 420.231 530.62 64~.26 74.oS8 780 37 760.82 690.39 58~.05 450 95 350-47 550 30 I 32.60 34.70 43. I2 54'58 65.2I 74'89 79'I2 77'62 70.I7 58.85 - 46.69 36.27 56. I5 2 32.87 35.o6 43-56 55.I6 65.79 75.28 79-47 78.01 70'54 59'I8 46.89 36-54 56.53 3 32.4I 34.87 43-43 55 I 9 65.8I 75.2I 79-37 77.94 70-39 58.8I 46.5I 35.95 56.32 4 3I.26 33.89 42.69 54.67 65.30 74-59 78.85 77.38 69.65 57.70 44-95 34-44 55.45 5 29-37 I1.92 40.83 53-44 64'~7 73-44 77-79 76.2I 68'30 55-57 43.20 32.5I 53-89 6 27.92 30. I 2 38'63 50.89 62.00 7I.27 75-84 74.26 66.47 53.86 41.88 3I.42 52.0t 7 26.84 28.73 36.97 48.31 58.93 69. I2 73'69 72'24 64'38 52.28 40.82 30.63 50.,'4 8 26.04 27.67 35-52 46.23 56.66 66.88 71- 77 70. 3I. 62.42 50.88 39 95 29.93 48.69 9I 2' 2t26.04 ]O 34.34, 8 [ 5.0 9 25.42 26.88 34-43 44.86 55.05 65. I4 70.0oi 68.67 60.81 49.64 39.25 29.38 47.46 io 24.98 26.27 33'69 43-87 53'8I 63.68 ] 68.78 67'53 59.65 48.68 38. 73 28.96 46.55 I I 24.58 25- 73 33-0~4 43-04 52.83 62.36 67.55 66.46 58.63 47.82 38.20 28.60 45- 74 i4,t3lo4..364t 48 Mean 26~53 28.II 36.og 46.84 57.28 66.96 71.66 70-.32 62.50 5I.I0 40.32 30.42 49.OI HOURLY MEANS BETWEEN 4 A. M. AND IO P. M. Brooklyn Heights,' N. Y. Lat. 40~ 4I'. Lon1g. 73~ 59' W. Of G. Alt.. E. Merriam. Dec. I847, to May, I849, inclusive. Mdn't 3.. 4 27,7 4. 3;.; 42|.9 62.8 6 67. 672 5.9 4. 36. 36. 8 46.4 5 1.27.5 24.4 32.4 43.2 53.8 63.3 67.6 67.2 56.8 50-oo 36.6 36.8 46.6 6 27.5 24-5 324 43-3 54.5 64.4 I 67.6 67.6 57-1 5I-3 37-2 37 0 470 7 27.5 24-5 33-I 44.9 56.7 67.7 68.-3 68.5 58.0 5.3 37.0 [37.2 47.9 8 27.8 25.5 34.9 48.5 58.8 70-7 69.6 69.9 59-3 52-8 1 38-4 37-3 49-4 9 28.8 27.5 36.8 50.4 60.3 72.9 71.0 7I. 8 61.3 54.6 40.2 38.2 5I.I Io [.303 29.5 39-I 52.I 62.2 73-9 72-1 74.0 63-8 56.2 42.2 39.5 52'9 II 32.0 30.8 41.I 54.2 64-3 75-7 1 73-8 75-5 66.5 5.7.8 [ 43-8 40.8 54-7 Noon 33- | 32.o 42.0 55.8 65-7 77.I 74.7 77-I 67.3 58.9 44-6 41.8 55.8 I 33-7 32.9 42.7 56-9 1 65.9 77-7 75.6 78.0 67.3 59.4[ 45'4 42.3 56.5 2 34.0 33.0 43-5 57.2 6.9 78-0 75.6 76.7 67.2 59.9 456 42 56.6 566 3~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. 7 595 3-9 [4.[56.965.42/7.6 7. 3 j 33-5 32.9 i 43.6 56-9 65-2 77.9 1 75-7 76.6 67.0 59.6 1 45.4 42.3 56.4 4 33 0 32.4 42.6 55-3 64.7 77.0 | 75.6 75-7 66.2 58.5 44-r 4I.5 55-5 5 3I.9 | 3I.6 4I.3 53.7 1 63.5 75-3' 74.8 74.8 65.- 57. I 4I.8 40.6 54-3 6 31.2 30-3 39.7 |5I.8 6I.9 73-4 |:73-5 73.5 63.8 56.3 4I.0 39-8 I 53.o 7 30o.7 /29.6 |38.6'50.0 |6o.3 7I-5 72.3 72.7 6-2.8 55.0 |4o2'39.2 5I1.9 8 30-I 29-I 37.8 | 48.7 I 59.2 69.6 7I-5 7I-6 6I.9 53 9 39 9 38.9 5I.Q 9 |29-8 28.5 37 3 5477 5.2 6S.5 70o6 708. 6i. I 53 5 39-6 38.3 5 3 I0 - | 29.5 | 28-I | 35-9 | 46.0 |57 5 066.o |70~0 ~ 7 ~ 60.3 53-I | 39.6 37-8:49-5 I~~~~~~~:, *: e.....1*-...,...... Some of these observations do not appear to me altogether trustworthy. [S.] By graphicaI interpolation the following quite reliable numbers were found to supply the missing observations:II, 29.1 } 27-5 134.2 45.0 1 56.6 64.6 69.2 1 69.4 1 59-5 1 52-.0 38.9 37'5 48.6 Mdnt 1 28.8 26.8 33.3 44-2 55-8 63.6 68.8 68.7 58.8 |5I.O 38.4 - 37.2 47.9 I 28.5 1 26.2 32.7 43.6 55-I 63.0 68.4 / 68.- I 58.2 |5o. iI 37-8 | 37.o 47.4 2 [ 28.2 [ 25.5 32.3 43.2 54.5 62.8 68.0 I 67.6 1 57.6 49.3 37- 3 ] 36-9 46-9 3 |27-9 |24-9 |2 | 43.~ 54-I |627 67.8 67-3 |572 489 |38 36..8 |466 Mean | 30.t | 28-4 | 37-t | 49. 59.5'o.| 7I-2 |7I-7 |6I.7 |54.I | 40.4.38..9 O........... t MS. in Smithlsonrian Coil. TABLES OF MEAN TEMPERATURES.' 133 Hour. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Year. HOURLY MEANS OF TEMPERATURE. Philadelphia, Girard College,i Penn. Lat. 39~ 58'. Long. 75~ Io' W. of G. Alt. II4 feet. A. D. Bache. June, I840, to June, 1845, inclusive. MIdn't 30-o90 30~.IO 39'.25 461.60 540I6 630 53 68~.o6 670.68t 59~.,6 470 74 38o046 31i.I4 48J.I I 30.35 29.67 38.60 45-76 53-54 62.82 67.32 67.o8 59-50 47.36 38.32 30.72 47-59 2 30.20 29.28 38.o5 44-96 52.82 62.25 66.76 66.60 59. Io 46'78 37-94 30~'36 47'09 3 - 29.92 28.73 3775 4460 52.I4 ]6I.6 66.26 66.44 58.64 46.36 37.66 30.06 46.68 4 29.72 2845 37.58 44.1 8I 5I.48 6I.I3 65.82 65.85 58.32 45.88 /37. I8 29.78 46.28 5 29. O 28.2 36. 78 44.08 5. 6o 6I.60 66.04 65.78 58. 10 45.46 36.9o 29.46 46. I2 6 29.22 27.95 36.77 44-54 53-04 63'~3 67.io 66.36 58.~8 45.12 36.64 29.22 46.42 7 29. Io 28.08 37.42 46.08 55. I6 65.45 69.40 68.20 59-94 46.50 36. 96 29-.52 47.65 8 29.52 29.63 3940 48.I2 5744 67.85 7I.66 70.48 62.40 48.96 38._0 30.o2 49. 47 9 30.80 3I.55 41I40 50.~ I 59.64 69.78 73.62 72.40o 64.54 51.38 40o. I 31.40 5I1-39 I0 32.32 33.60 43.25 52.08 6I.22 7I.45 75.24 74.22 66.62 53-54 41.82 32.94 53. I9 1I I 33-65 35.-32 45.27 53.86 52.70 72.95 76.74 75.86 68.30 55.20 43.28 34-46 54.80 Noo0 34.88 36 70 4675 5546 3.86 74.35 77.96 77.I6 69.64 56.73 44948 35654 56.I2 I 35.87 37-83 47.80 56.70 64.90 75-37 78.80 77-94 70.56 57.76 45.46 36.28 57. IO0 2 36-53 38.47 48-55 57.68 65.80 76.25 79-54 78.84 7I.38 58.-54 46. I4 36.88 57.88 3 36.60 38.73 49. IO 57-94 66.26 76.54 79.82 79.08 71.48 58.46 45.88 36.66 58.04 4 36.37 38.50 49.00 58.0oo 66.46 76.67 79.76 78.98 7I1.40 58. 20 45-4o 0' 36.28 57.92 5 35.05 37-35 47.85 57. I4 66.00 75-77 79. I0 77-94 70.00 56.34 43.88 35.o6 56.79 6 34.23 35-70 45.98 55-74 64.44 74-43 77-76 76.52 67.80 54. I4 42-54 34.36 55.30 7 334 34.50 44.85 53. Io 6I.86 7I.93.75-62 74.44 65.6o 0 52.48 4I.50 33.62 53-57 8 32.75 33.23 43.80 5I.08 59.22 68.93 73-04 71.98 63.36 5I.oo 00 40.66 33.00 51.83 9 32.17 32.47 41-35 40'70 57.64 67.28 7I.32 70.6o 0 62.I2 49.98 40.00 32.60 50.60 3~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~7.6 2.1249784-05.6 I0 3-.58 3I.68 4I.00oo 48.46 56.28 65.93 70~'4 69.46 60.92 48.82 39.50 32.I6 49.65 I I 3.I2 3I.IO 40.28 47-40 55.o6 64.63 69.o8 68.64 60. 34 48. o6 39 02, 3I.70 i 48.86.~,,._.,_..., Mean 32.32 32.79 42.4 50.56 58.86 68.8I 72.74 72.02 64.o8 51.28 4~- 75 32.63 5I.60 No of 1 fyearsp i 4 1 4 4 5 6 5 5 5 5 years ~ ~~ ~~ ~~~~5' /. 5. l HOURLY MEANS BETWEEN 3 A. M. AND 9 P. M. Jaokson, Jackson Co., Ohio.2 Lat. 39~ 02'. Long. 82~ 32' W. of G. Alt. 7oo feet. G. L. Crookham. May, I851, to June, I852, inclusive. Mdn't...... ~ ~ ~ ~ 45-I I I:: I:: I:: i:::::I~ I:: 1 {, ~ 44.4 3 20'9 3;.5 37'6 40,9 52.2 57-8 645 6I.I 549 41.0 36.'I 232 43-5 4 20.5 31.2 37'3 40.6 51.8 56.5 6I.5 60.5 54.2 40.0 35-7 23 0o 42-7 5 20.4 30.8 36.9 40-4 52.3 56.8 6I-7 6o.5 537 39-4 35-I 22.5 42.5 6 20.3 30-3 1 37-3 4I-I| 54-3 -59.3 63-7| 62.0 54.2 39.3 34.4 22.4 43.2 7 20.1 30.9 1 38A,7 44.0 | 58.4 63.9 68.o 65.6 57.2 40.0 34-3 23.0 45. 3 8 2I.6 33. 42.4 47.2 63-3 68-5 73.9 70-.I 63-5 45.9 35-3 23-8 49.0 9 24-:7 35-3 46-o 50.2 66.9 72I1 77.0 736| 68-9 52-5 38.8 26.9 52 — 7 IO | 28-3 |37.9 48.I 53.I 70.0o 74.9 80o 76.2 72-9 56-9 4I-8 29-7 55-8 II 30-7| 403 50.2 55.0 7I.8 77-I 83.o 79. I 759 60-5 44.2 3I.7 58-3 1 The olservations between June, I840, and Dec. I841, inclusive, were taken bi-bourly, and those between June, IS40, and Feb. I84I, inclusive, 25 mi nutes after the fuIl hours; tlLose letween March, I841, and Dec. I84I,iclusive, I 5 minutes after the full hours. By interpoati'on the results were chianged to refer to the full hours and for every hour. The means for each hour for the whole period of observations were then combined separately for each month. There is no record for Jan., Feb., and March, I843. For record see "Observations at the magnetical and meteorological Observatory." Washington, D. C., I847, four volumes. 2MS. in Sm. Coll. The record begins with Jaff. I85I, but is not sufficiently regular for use till May,, 185I. - Numbers interpolated at the following hours: 3 A. M. May, I851; 9 A. M., 3 P. M., and g P. M. May, June, July, I851. - The annual meansfor IO, II P. M., o, I, and 2 A. M. are graphically interpolated. There are many omissions in the record. Some scattering observations between the hours Io P. M. and 3 A. M. cannot be utilized. - 1IA 4TABLES OF MEAN TEMPERATURES. Hour. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Year.,JaCkson. —Continuedo Noon 320.4 420.0 510.7 560.4 740.0 780.3 850.0 800.8 780.6 620.6 450.9 330.6 60~. I I 32.9 43-I 52.9 57.7 74.9 79.2 85.4 8I-9 80.0 63.9 46.6 34.4 6I. I 2 32.9 43.4 53-8 59.2 75 - 5 78.9 84.I 82.6 79.8 64.2 47-4 35.2 6I.4 3 32 -4 42.9 53.6 589 75-2 78.o 83.2 82.6 80.I 63- 7 47-0 35.2 6I.I 4 31~ ~~5.2 42058-3 7.6 76.2 82 6 4 3I2 42.0 52.9 58.3.73.6 76.2 82.3 80-.7 79-0 62.3 - 46.0 34-3 59-9 5 29.o 39.5 5I.2 56.4 72.I 75.4 8I.I 78.7 76.4 58.8 43- I 3I.9 57.8 6 27.0 35-8 47. I 53.8 68.9 72 8 78. I 75-0 70.3 52.9 40.4 29.9 54-3 7 25.6 34- I 43.6 49-7 64.4 68.8 73- I 69.6 64-3 49.6 39-8 28.8 51.o 8 24-9 33.2 4I.7 46.9 6.9 64 66.3 63 47-3 38.9 27 I 48.5 23- 7 D325.6 A:2- 47.2 9 |23.7 32.6 406| 45-7 579 62.2 67.8 65.I 59.6 46.0 38. 27. 47.2 II......... ~......... * 45-8 10 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~46.4 I... 1I i ~~ I. I ~~ i ~~ I ~~ I ~~ I ~~ I ~~ ~~ I 45.8 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.. Mean 50.9 BI-HOURLY MEANS OF TEMPERATURE. Washington City, Capitol Hill, D. C.1 Lat. 380 53'. Long. 77~ oI' W. of G. Alt. o80 feet. Lieut. J. M. Gilliss, U. S. N. Jan. I84I, to June, 1842, inclusive. 0.2m 32.37 32.58 42.48 47.9I 55.20 66.83 68.78 66.82 62.70 44-90 41.80 33.50 49.66 2.2 32. IO 3I22 41.26 46.92 53.34 66.04 68.09og 65.12 I2 61.90 43.70 40.70 33.- I6 48.63 4.2 31.7I 30.5I 40.o6 46. I2 52.42 65-07 656-78 64. I7 6I.0 42.30 39.40 32.20 47.64 6.2 30.74 30.I8 39. 88 46.49 55'50 68.26 |70.64 65.69 61.29 41.70 38.80 3I.60 48.40 -8.2 33.I3 3I.44 42.28 49-93 5972 73-63 75- I9 7I-39 65-73 45'00 39'50 3I'88 5I'57 I0.2 35.38 36.72 48.o6 54.02 6323 77-37 78-38 76.09og 7I.o2 5I.6I 44.Io0 36.00 55.99 0. 2a 38.28 40~04 5I.39 57.68 66.38 79.-33 8I13 78-70 74.66 55-30 48.oo00 39.20 59I7 2.2 40.83 42.5I 53 59.98 68.48 8I-93 183.25 80.-73 76.-50 57-o00 49.20 4I-3o 6I.27 4.2 40.18 42.28 53.28 60.:20 68.69 83-43 84-76 80.09 76.30 56.20 48.50 40.60o 61.2I 6.2 36.68 38.22 49.97 57.22 65.93 76.89 81-33 75-93 72.3o 52.94 47-30 37-95'57-72 8.2 35-48 35-38 46.20 52.18 59.-83 72.29 74.93 7I.48 68-59 48-40 44.20 36.26 53-77 IO.2 34.25 33-86 44.37 49. I2 56.70 68-70 7I-56 68-oo 64-90 46.60 43.20 34-70 5I.33 Mean 35.10 35.4I 46.08 52.3i] 6o.45 73.32 75.40 72.o2 168.o7 4880 1 43-73 1 35.70 5-87 TRI-HOURLY MEANS OF' TEMPERATURE. Washington City, U. S. Naval Observatory. Lat. 380 54'. Long. 77~ o3' W. of G. Alt. IIo feet. Sup't U. S. N. O. Astro. and Met. Obs. for I866-7-8-9. Jan. I862, to Dec. I869, inclusive. Mdn'~t 29.55 3I.75 37-76 47-7I 56.80 65.72 70o64 69.I6 62.94 50.35 4I-35 32.57 49.69 3 28-45 30.45 36-3I 45-45 54-54 63-77 68.96 67-58 6I-34 48-54 39-76 3I.49 48.-05 6 27.56 29.58 35.20 44.62 54.4i 63.67 68.53 66.66 60.35 47.35 38.82 30.64 47.28 9 29-46 32-63 39.54 5I-66 62-37 7I-56 76-38 74.25 69.23 53-99 42'82 32.67 53.05 Noon 35.89 39.o2 45-35 57-46 68.28 77.40 82.68 | 81.46 75-37 62.25 51-00 385I1 59.56 3 37-43 4I.I3 47-56 59.50 70- 5I 78-88 84. Io 83.67 77-II 63-76 5I.94 39-5I| 6I.26 6 33.70 37.20 44.40 5626 66.5I 75.35 80.64' 78. I3 |7008 |56.47 46.2I 35-62 56.7I 9 3I.9 34'O4 40.O7 i 5I'O3 i 60'24 68.9I j 73'56 72'31I 65'I4 52'36 | 43'16 33'4I 52-I3 11 31 2 443 4.~ I53.4 7 I I { t Mean | 3I.67 34.47 40.77 5I-7I 6|.7I 70.66 175.69 |74-I5 67.70 54.38 44- 38 34- 30 53-47 lPub. Doc., 2d Session, 28th Congress, vol. x, No. I72. Washington, I845. _~ ~ ~ ~ ~.i ii.i I II I I II I I l I.. - - -...........; _ TABLES OF MEAN T-EMPEIRATLURES.13 U3our. a. Feb. Mar., Apr. M~ay. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Year. H3OURLY MEALNS OF TEMPERATURE. ~Fort ~Rorgan,Mobaile Point, Alabama.1 Lat. 30'ir4'. Long. 88" oi'WW ofG., Alt. 20 feet. Observed by U. S. Coast Survey. June, 1848 and 1850Mdn'tl.i, 630-551 66'..981, 790- 101 830- 531 840-441 810-451 70"-931 6oO.211 540-95 680.8 I, 62.25 65-93 1,178-42 83-14 84-S5 81.21 70- 70 59-98 54-95 68.4 2 i,i62. 6 66. 27 78.21 82-78.) 84-34 SO- 57 70-11 59.60 54. 69 68. I 3 6 j. ~~( 169 65.22 7 S. oS0 82-51~ 83-98 So. 13 69~55 59,23 54-i6 67.71 4 6o. 95 66. 24 78-17 82. I2 83-82 79-59 68.87 58- 74 53- 75 67.4 5 1 ~~ ~~ 1 60.~6o52 66.04 670-391 77-97 82.00 83.68 79. io 68-47 58-35 53~442 67.1 6 56". 381 5 0281 6.05 65-98 67-45 78-3o 82-49 84-01 78. So 68. i8 57- 76 53.27 67-0 7 55-89 5 I.88 60- 3o 67.24 68-42 79-34 83- 53 84.68 79.5o 68-74 57- 51 52.99 67-5 8 57-05 53-03 6i-46 68.25 69-58 So. 62 84- 46 85:87 So. 86 69.18 58-30 53.65 68-5 58, 12 54-79 62.84 69-43 70-75 81- 76 85-53 86 98.5 7~259.28 54-48 69, 10 59-45 55-77 63.80 70- 73 71- 76 82. 86 86.66.188-33 83~ 73 71-78 6o-32 55-74 70.9 1 1 6o-55 57-03 64-96 71.82 72.S6 83-40 88. i6 89-49 84-96 72.85 6i-44 56- 72 71-9 Noon 6i.28 58.oi 65.91 72.98 73-43 83-75 88-55 90-15 85-75 73-95 6,,.S6 57-38 72.8 1 6i-73 58- 74 66-34 73-44 74-56 84-08 89-38 90, 85 86- 56 74~ 74 63-43 58- I4 73-5 2 62.04 59. ig 66 70- 73-6I 75- IS 84.21 89.65 90-77 86.97 75-56 64-35 58-89 73-9 3 62.1I3 58-95 67~o6 73.68 75-37 84~I17 88.96 go~og 87-31 75-73 64~ 74 59-14 7j-9 4 61- 71'58-54 66.96 73-56 74- 93 83~ 76 88-35 89- 75 86. 99 75-54 64-44 58. 67 73-5 5 6o- 70 57-~87 66. 27 72.18'73-70 82, 79 87-27 88. 89 86. 27 74-56 63-46 57-74 72.6 6 6o.o6 56.86 65-04 70-85 72.6i SI-94 86-34 87-74 84-78 73. 25 62-41 57-04 71- 5 7 59.63 56.12 64.22 69.83 71- 76 80-89 85-38 86-45 83-374 72.68 62.08 56.61 70- 7 8 59.21 55- 79 63.87 69-39 71-3i So. 27 84-76 85.67 83-19 72-39 61- 58 56-33 70-3 59-07 55.27 63.6i 68.,98 7I-00 79-93 84-45 85-i6 82.92 62,1.II~7 5 6.08 70-0 10 58.61 55.og 63.28 68-58 79-35 84.2o 84-91 82.26 71.91 6o. 83 55-95 69.6 -11 62.93 66- 74 79-29 83-94 84.67 81-S9 71-54 6o- 50 55- 54 69. I Mean 58.96* 55-5o*t 63.6i 69-33 71-04* So. 86 85-34 86. 64 82.95 71-83 6o. 93 55-84 70. 24 N. B. Some of the results are rtot altogether reliable, as the series is too short and broken. ~-These values were found by nleans of graphical interpolation for the hours of no record, viz:10 P. M.., 70.6 51 58. 54'-, 70- I iMdn't 57- 7 54.5 ~ 69.5 1 57.6 54.2 ~ 69. I 2 57.4 53.9 ~ 68.5 3 57.2 53- 5 1~~ ~ 68. o 4 56.9 53.2 ~ 67.6 5A., M- 56.6 52.7 HOURLY MI1EANS OF TEMPERATURE. Galveston, Texas.' Lat. 29' i8'. Long. 940 47'1 W- of G. Alt. 20 ft. Obs'd by U. S. Coast Survey. June, Sept. Oct. Nuov. Dec. 1851; jan, Feb. Mar. IS52; Jan. Feb. I853Mdn't 48.2 56- 5 65.3.., 78.5 70.4 58.0 52.2 1 47.9 55-9 64.9 1 ~ ~ ~ I~ ~178.7 70.0 58. 7 52-3 136 TABLES OF MEAN TEMPERATURIES. Hour. Jan. F~eb. Mar. Apr A;T 7M-a-y. Julne. July. }Aug. Sept.[... Oct. Nov. D-r:;T-";:c... Year:.'.. ~ Galve ston.-'Continted. ~ Noon 51~.8 6i~0. 720.8...83~0... 840.2 760.9 6~'.9' 540'8" I 51.8 6I.o 71.8...83.3...84.1I 76.8 6i7 59 2 5i5.6 60. 8 V7. 7.. 83.8...83.6 763 6i7 5.9 3!51.5 60.4 70.9...84.8...83.2 75.6 6i6 59 6o~~~~~~~. o8... 82.8 744.4 61.4 54-.6. 5o 508 5 9o69.5... 84...82.0 7 36o6. 4 6 5o.I 58.4 68.3...8I.O.. 81.4 72.6 6o2 537 7 49.6 58.0 67.4...79- o4 7.1I 5-5 53-3 8 49.2 57. 5 66.8.....79.6 71.7 58.9 52'9" 948.7 57.1 66.3 5 I~~..~... 79.3 7I.I 58.6 527 - l o48.6 5 6965.8......79'1 70' 58'2 52'~' I 1 48.4 56. 7 65. 7......78.7 70-8 5-I 5.2 Mean 49.2 57.8 67.9 8-1S.9 7. 98 5. H-OURLY MEANS OF TEMPERATURE.! ~~~~~~Key West, Florida.~ Lat. 24~ 33' Log 8I~ 48' W. of G. Alt. 20 feet. Observed by the UI. S. Coast Survey. June, 1851, to May,.1852, inclusive. Mdn't 63.32 69.64 74.06 75.67 79.79 81.7 28 35.790363.34 69.09g 74.02 75.40 79.45 8i.68 83.02 83.35 7.7 o 2 63.27 69.1I2 74.06 75.38 79.50 8I.35 82.77 83.09..78.79..70. 85 363.1i6 68.74 73.89 75-32 79.34 8i2 82 28470 1.2 6 2.58 824..7.79 -.7.664 3o0 68.62 73.-74 30 7.i I0 6~~~~~~53~ 79. i 1o 82.29 82.71. 78:7I 7-. o48S 5 62-5 68.12 73.3 74.92 78.60 80.93 82.00 82.35..78.39..69.97 m66.55 68.10 73-19 74.98 78.97 81.23 2.98.48 78 74. 34 7 62.48 68,1 73.-8 5 75.97 S.i 2 8 S)7 34 89 9 8 63.02 6933 75. 53 77.48 83.26 83.38 8543 50 8.~86.3 ~i 64.66 71.7 77.II 64 57 78' 58 84.53 84.68 80.78. 7 ~97 " 7~'6i 10 65.74 72.52 78.18 79.28 85.02 85.71I 87.23 86.'39 Si6712 11 66.63 73'34 78. 76 79.57 85.27 85.81 87.53 68.9712 Noon 7.o8 3-84 78.97 79.78 85.1i6 86. I6- 87.76 86.84..82.10. 72.10. I 67.71 73.93 79.21 80.30 85.27 86.36 88.32 87.35..82'48''72'08 2 67.89 74.05 79.39 80.50 85.37 86.1i8 88.1I5 87.42 S2-52 7. 368.1i6 74-48 79.29863 88I 879 24727 4 68.3 7484 7- 15 80.28 85.08 86.28 87.70 87.29 82'29' 72' 39' 67. I 74-50 78. 53 8o. I7 84.69 85.83 87.65 87.~3 " I179 " 71'89" 6 66.26 73.14 77.32 79.8S5 84. 53 85. II 86.43 86.42. O. 877709 65. o6 82. 1 " S~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~. 670'44;! 7 6.671'76 75. 79 77 82. 8'83.68 55 54 8 64.58 71.O3 75.I1 76.98 81.34 82.64 84.47 84.84797704 64.34 7069 74.98 76. 67 9 -34 76.67.~~80.92 82.10 84.00 84.39..79.7- 7~'07 Io 63.94 70.28 74. 52 76.22 80.42 81.76 83.38 83. 9779477. 7 I11 63.53 69.93 74.23 75.92 79.97 81.76 83.03 83.-8I. 79.26708 Mean~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. 70.4-9.93 Mean!64.92 ~7.Ii8 76. o9 77.62 S2.25 83.54 85.o9 84.99 80 3 ~. 7~ N. B. No observations in Sept. and Nov. 1851. TABLES OF DIFFERENCES OF BI-HOURLY, HOURLY AND SEMI-HOURLY MEAN TEMPERATURES FROX THE MEAN OF THE DAY, FOR EACH MONTH AND THE YEAR. AT VTARIOUS PLACES IN AMERICA. I8 FEBRITARY, x875. ( 137 ) TABLES OF DIFFERENCES OF MEAN TEMPERATURES AT DIFFERENT HOURS OF THIE DAY FROM THE DAILY MEAN, FOR EACH MONTH AND TIE YEAlR. INDEX TO STATIONS. [Arranged according to latitudes.] I. Vail Rensselaer, North Greenland...... 853-55 2. Port Foulke, North Greenland....... I860-6I 3' Melville Island, Arctic America. 18I9-20 4. Port Kennedy, North Somerset.... I858-59 5. Boothia Felix, Arctic America.. I829 -30 6. Sitka, Alaska Territory....... I857-64 7. Montreal, Canada East.... I839-4I 8. Thunder Bay Island, Lake Huron, Mich.. I863-65 9. Toronto, Canada West.... e842-48 Io. Mohawk, N. Y.. I860-69 II. Cambridge, Mass........ 84I1-42 12. Amherst, Mass. 1839 13. New Haven, Conn. 7. 79-I865 14. Brooklyn Heights, N. Y....... I847-49 I5. Frankford Arsenal........ 836-37 I6. Philadelphia, Girard College....... I840-45 I7. Washington City, Capitol Hill, D. C.. - i 84I-42 i" Washington City, U. S. Naval Observatory.. I862-69 i8. Fort Morgan, Mobile Point, Ala... 1848-50 I9. Galveston, Texas. I85I-53 20. Key West, Florida.... I85I-52 2I. Rio Janeiro, Brazil..........? {138 ) TABLES OF DIFFERENCES OF MEAN TEMPERATURES. 139 DIURNAL FLUCTUATION OF TEMPERATURE (Fah. scale). Hour. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct' Nov. Dec. Year. Van Rensselaer Harbor, North Greenland. Lat. 780 37'. Long. 7~0 53' W. of G. Kane. Near sea level. Sept. I853, to Jan. I855, inclusive. (Uncorrected for effect of annual fluctuation.) I ~t ~1 ~l ~1......... — I'9 — 1'3 — 2.0 — 2.7 — i.I — o.6 — o.3 — 1.6 Md~'t — o.I — o.9 — I.6 — 3.7 — 3.2 I —o.I 1 —I.6f —2.ol —4.5 I —4.4 — 3. I — i.6 — 2.6 — 2.2 — 1-o.i +0.7 — 0.4 — 1.8 2 — 3.0 — 1.5,-2.3 — 2.1 q —o.i -~o.7 — 0.2 — 1.7 [ —o.31 —~.61 —~.81 —4.51 —4~ [ —0.4, —I.4 ]-2.o I — 4.9 I — 3.4 — 2.9 — i.4 _2.3 — i.9 q —o.i 43 +0.7 — 0.7 — I.5 — 2.5 — 1.4 — 2.0 — 2.0.-[-0.2 +0'7 — 0'5 — 1'7 I _0.5 I _0.8 [ _2.2 ] — 4.4 I — 2.8 65 / —o. 5 — I.5 I —2. I I —3.5 I —I.6 — 1'3 — I'3'2.1 — 2.0 +0.3. +0.2 — I.3 — 0.6 — 0.6 — I.5 — I.4 +0.3 — 0.2 +0.3 — 0.9 /__o.5 1__o.9 1__i.9 1__2.9 I — o. 7 / —o.8 I —o.5 ] —I.2 I —,.8 I q-o.I +0.3 — 0.4 — 0.8 — 0.4 +0.4 o.o q-o.I — 0.4 87 -[-I.s -~o. 2 -~-o.I.q-I.o -}-o.4 — 0.2 q-o.z +0.2 /__o.31__o.2 1__o.81__o. 71-[-i.o / —o.41+~.x I +o. 5 I q-o.91+x.o +0.7 -~.2 q-x.2 +~.8 +0.7 o.o -90.4 4-0.7 /_o. x l+o.61 +x.x l+x. O l+x.7 +0.9 4, x.4 +2. x +2.4 — [-0.9 — O.I +0.5 — ~-I.I x~ / +~.41+~'3 / +2'3 I +2.6t +x.9 +~.3 q-~.8 +2.2 +2.8 +o.8 +0.4 +0.6 +x.4 Nooa 1 -5o.91+~.9/ "[-2'8]+3'2 I-I-2'5 +2.1 — I —1.8 +2.4 +3.0 +0.6.-[-0.6 -~-i.I -I-1.8 x~9x +2.2 -q- 1.6 +2.4 +3.1.+0.6 +0.3 -[ — I.O +1.9 / +o. 7 i +~.4 / +3.21+3.71+2.7 2 /+o. 61+I.4/-~3.6 /+4.51+3.o +2. x q-x.5 nt-2'4'-[-2'7 -q-o.4 — ~-O. 2 +0.7 +1.9 / +o.x I+x3 I +3o/ +4.6 I q-3.~ -+-~.8 q-;.5 +2.0 +2.2 +0.5 — [-0.2 +0.3 +1.7 43 / —o.x I q-~.2 [ q-I.9/ +4.31 +3.3 -t-~.5 q-~.4 4-~.5 +i.6 +0.3 q-o.i o.o nu;.4 /+o.2 I q-o.91nt-~.2 f+4.2 I-[-2.8 +1.3 +0.7 q-;.2 q-;.o nUo.; nUo. 2 — o.~ q-~.;, 56 [ — 1-o. 2 / q-I.~ / +~.6 / +3'3 / q-t'9 q-i.i +0.3 +0.7 +0.5 -— o.3 o.o — 0.2 +0.8 1 —t-o.3t q-;.~ / nUo. x ]q-~.91 q-~.; +0.7 o.o +0.3 — 0.3 — 0.9 — 0.2 — 0.8 +0.3 7 [ nUO. X 1 qO.9 [ __O.8 [ qX.o I..[.O.2 — 0.5 — O.I — 0.8 — I.O — 0.3 — 0.7 — O.I +0.52 I.O — 0.3 — 1.2 — I.O — 0.8 — 0.6 — 0.5 / q-O.I / +0'5 / — 0'9 / -— O'~ I — 0.6.... I i9 / _+.o.2 1__o.6 /__I.2 1__i.91 —i.7 — 0.6 — I.5 — I.O — 1.6 — I.O — 0.5 — 0.6 — I.0 23....... -.............................. Comb' s:o, xot ~'~/ ~:~I o.o — o.I o.o q —o.; o.o +0.5 +0.4 o.o — 0.3 o.o o.o 6,2,9 / nu~.I /+~'3 [ nu~'3 +0.4 +0.6 +0.4 o.o +0.2 o.o — 0.3 — 0.3 — o.I -t-o. 2 — O.I -31-O. 2 — ]-0.3 --— 0.2 O.O — O.I — O.I — 0.2 -q —O.I O.O 6~2, IO /'q!-O'I I O.O/ — t-O.2',2,9 ~ ~'~/ -~-~'5 / +0.5 -+-0.8 +o.8 +0.7 o.o +0.4 -t-o.4 — o.I — o. 2 +o.x q-o.3 7,2,9u~[ o.o ~ —[-o. 5 / q-o.I +0.5 +0.5 — o.2 +0.2 o.o — 0.3 — 0.3 — o.; q-o.l 3,9,3,9 t __o.i 1 q-o.I t q-o.I +o15o o.o — o.I-}-o. I-Jl-o. I'-t-o. 2'Jt-o. I o.o —o.I —~-o. o Port Foulk% North Greenland. Lat. 780;8'. Long. 73~ oo' W. of G. Hayes. Near sea level. Sept. I86o, to July, ~86;, inclusive. (Uncorrected for effect of annual fluctuation.) Mdn't — 0.2 — 0.9 — 2.4 — 1.8 — 3.0 — 2.1 — 2. — I.I — o. — 0.5 +0.5 — 1.32 — 0.5 -— o. — 2.0 — 2.9 — 2.3 — 4-~ — 2'9 6 — 0. — 0.9 +;.2 —;.6~ — 0.2 — I' — 2.3 — 3.6 — 2.7 — 2.2 — 1.4 — 0.3 — 0. — I.C — O.I — ~.45 — o.6 — r.o — 3.0 -— 1.4 — I.O — 0.5 ZIi — o. — ~. — o.I — 0.3 — o.94 8 +o.3 +0.7 — o. 7 i -}-o. 2 q-~.3 o.o -}-o. o.o -— o. — 0.2 — o.7 4-0.06 io +o +o8 o o+o8+2 +i / +oi +o o oi+o6o Noon nUo. 8tq-o.9 +1.7 — [-2.1 q-2.6t-~-I.7 +0.6 q-o. q-o.2 o.o q-;.o9 2 +0.2 1+2.O +5.4/+3.O -1 —2.31-4F2.3 ] +0.9 q-x. 4-0.3 q-o.~ q-~.77 +0.8!i +3.9 / +2'0 +2.0 / q-I.8 +0.8 q-~. -1 —o.~ -1-~.o q-~.43 -— o.; +;.2 q-o +0.2 -}-o. nUo.s — 0.2 +0.73 -1-o. nm;.6 [.-+-o.9 qT;o: — ~O. 2 +o o.o — ]-o.~ — 0.~ q-o.~9 8 q-o.; +0.2 q-o.~-nu~.3!o: q-o.4 — o.8 —o. 56 o 82 03 ot+o...... Comb's ~ t IO, IO -}-0.2 +0.6 -~-0. I 0.0 — 0.4 — 0.2 +0.2 +oo; — O. nUO. 2 — O.3 ~ -t-O. q-O. ~ 6,2,10 —O.2 ~'-t-O.5 +0.5't'-O.I — 0.2t — ~O. 2 2 The values for August are interpolated. 140 TABLES OF DIFFERENCES OF MEAN TEMPERATURES. Hour. Ja. Feb. Mar. A pr. May. J june. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. D~ec. Year. Melville Island,.Arctic America.' Lat. 74~ 47'. Long. I o~ 48' W. of Parry. At sea level. i819 to 182o. Mdn't................. 56 0.00 I -0.26 — 0.22 2.34............ — 0.09 2 i.... I.. I.. 1.... I.. I.. I.. I.. 1 +0.26 +0.20 3 — 0.40 — O.II — 2.74 — 0.26 4 2+004 2 2:::I3 5 -o. I6 -0.56 — 2.02............ i —o.54 6 i......... o0.00 -- 24 7 -0.24 —o.65 —.28:: =0::.. I' —0'458 ~~ I ~~ 1~~ I ~~ i~~ I ~~ I~~ I e~ I~~ I ~~ 1+0.49 — o'i6 9 +0.29 +0.54 -— o.65.............. +0.33 IO... i.... +085 — 0. 24 II +0o78 +0.97 +2.99'..'..... _{_i o03 Noon 0.. i:::::.... i - -J.92 -0-.54 I +0.;9 +;.4 6 397... I.. 2 1.. I 2. I........... 4 -'. 6i — 0.32 3 +0.56 q-;.I6 +2.25............ — o.49 4 1 ~~ I ~~ 1 ~~ I ~~ i ~~ 1 ~~ I ~~ ~~ 1 ~~ I ~~ I - -~.36 0.00 5 — 0'~9 — 0'~9 +0 —97 0........" ~'54 6 i I.. I.. I.. I.. I 1 i.. I.. I.. i-o. 6I +o. 26 7 1 —.09 -054 — o.I3............ -+-0.22 8 1 ~1~ ~I~ ~I~.I~ ~I~ -0.85 +0-58 9 -0.~24 -0-78 -0 —074 1 ~j~ ~ ~~I~ ~1 —0-24 -oo 9 1.. (.. I.. (..../.. I.... -o + 2 I1 -0-90 -I-O'4 —............ --— 0.97 Port IKennedy, North Somerset. Lat. 720 oi'. Long. 94~ I4' W. of G. McClintock. Near sea level. Aug. I858, to Aug. I859, inclusive. (Uncorrected for effect of annual fluctuation.) Mdn't — 0.2 mo. 5 -2.9 -3.3 — 3.9 — 4.2 -3.1I — I.O -0o.7 -I.O — 1.3 — 0.4 mI-9 2 — 0.2 -0.6 — 3 -2.9 — 4-3 — 5.I — 3.6 — I.3 — 0.9 -— o5 — o.3 0-o.4!-I9 4 — 0.7 o-0.2 — 3.3 -I.9 -2.0 — 2.0 -2.9 -I.3 -I.2 O.0 — O 1 +0.5 1I.2 6 — 0.4 -0.2 -3.8 -1'3 — ].O — O.3 -0.9 -0.9 -I.3 -0.4 +0.7 +0.3 — O. 8 8 — 0.4 +O. I — I.7 +0.2. +1.2 +2.8 +1.2 — 0. I — 0.7 — 0.2 +0.9 — 0.4 +0.2 IO 0.0 +0.2 +3.0.-[-2.2 +2'3 — 4. 5 +2.8 -4-0.7 -]O.I - -O.7 +1.2' —. 2 1 —.5 Noon +0.3 +0-.8+5.8 +3.8 +3.5 +4.5 +3.4 +1.2 -{-I.I +1.5 +1-0 +0. +2.2 2 0.0 +0. 8 5-75 +4.2 +3.7 +3.2 + 2.2 +1.3 +I.6 +I.o +0.2 +0.2 +2.0 4 3-0~3 q-+0-3 +4.0 +31 +2.9 — 1.6 -}-.9 -+-I.I +1.4 0.0 — 0.3 -0.2 +1-.3 6 +0.7 o-0.2 —. 7 +o.6 +1.2 +0o.I q-I.o +0.8 -I.O -0.2 — 0.6 — 0.3 +0.3 8 +0.5 o.o — 15 i.6 — I.o — 1.4 — o.I +0.3 +0.2 -0. 3 -o.09 — 0.4 -0. 5 IO 0-'O5 — O.I -1.8 — 3'0 -2'7 — 3.3 -I.5 — 0.2 0.0 — 0.4 -I.O — 0.5 -I.2 Comb's Io, IO +0.2 +0-.I +o0.6 — 0.4 — 0.2 +o0.6 +o0.6 +0.2 0.0 -Jro. I +0I — O.I -O. 1 6, 2, 92 0.0 +0.2 0.0 +0.2 —.03 —.2 +0.2 -o. [ 4-o. i +-o. I 0.0 0.0 +o. I 6, 2, Ij, 0.0 +0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 — o. I — o. I +o. I +0. I +o. I 0.0 0.0 0.0 7, 2, 92 0.0 +0.3 +0.4 +0-4 +0.7 +0.7 +0.4 +0.3 $0.2 +0 I 0.0 0-1 +0~3 7, 2, 9bis 2 +0.1-0:2 — 0. I -0.2 0.0 0.0 I0.2 +0.2 +0.2 0.0 — 0.2 -0. I 0.0 3,9,3, 92 0.0 0.0 + —.I o.0 0.0 +tO I 0.0 0.0 +O~I 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 I From Prof. Guyot's Meteorological and Phlysical Tables, Smithsonian Misc. Co11.; Washington, I858. Reaumur's changed into Fahrenheit's scale. Table by Dove. 9 BSy interpolation. TABLES OF DlFFERENCES OF MEAN TEMPERATURES. 141 HouwJ. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug-. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Year. Boothia Felix, Arctic America.' Lat. 69~ 59'. Long. 92o oIt W. of G. At sea level. Ross. [Table by Dove]. I82g to I830. c or 0 0 o o o Mdl't |-o.lii | —io — 3io0 — 4.6 — S-I7 — 4.59 — 3 57 -2. 1 — I 4 — o.63 — o.33 — o.6 — 2.29 I — o.I88 -o. 94 -3.62 -4.88 — 5.94 — 5-35 — 4.00 oo —3.oI — I.25 1 —o.67 —.04 — o. 26 — 2.5I 2 -0.22 — o. 63 -4. I6 -5.o6 — 6. I8 — 5-73 -4.00 -2.92 -I.39 -0-.7I +.-40 — 0.29 - 2.58 3 -0.24 -0-56 -4.-72 -5. I7 — 5 87 — 55I -3-7I -2.63 -1.48 — o.74 +o.65 — o.22 — 2.5I 4 — 0.24 — 0.47 -5. I17 — 5.o8 -5.02 — 4.6I -3.03 — 2.29 — I. 48 -o. 76 +o. 69 i-o. 13 _2.29 5 -0.22 -.49 — 535 -4-.54 — 3-95 — 3.I2 -2.22 -I.93 -I.25 -- 0.7I +o.54 — 0o.o41 I.96 6 -o.22 / —.58 — 5.o2 1 —3-44 -2.29/ —.46 1 —I.3 - 7 I57 -I.o3 — o.6I +o.-29 +o.o-9 1.44 7 -o.20o / — 0. 65 — 3-98 I —.82 — 0.78 +o.o09 -o. 58 _-I. I2 — o.6I — o.38 +o0.04 +o. I6 -0o. 83 8 -o. I8 —o.49 — 2.20 —o. I3 +07I o. o I30 _ _.oo7 -o. 54 _o. 1o -0.0o2 1+0.02_.o. 22 +.2 0.09 9 -0-. I3 — 0. I +o. I3 +2.20 +2. I3 +2.22 +o.83 +0.22 +o.26 +o.45 +0o.o9 +02.22 +0.7 Io -0.04 +'.58 +2. 75 +4.o7 +3.46- +2.99 I-.57 + —I.IO +0-.97 +o.92 +o.32 +0.222 +I.57 II +-0.04 -+I.30 +5.I3 +5.51 +4.63 +3-73 +2.36 +1.93 +1.46 +I.32 o+0.58 +0.24 +2.36 Noon +o. I I +- i.96 +6.86 +6-43 +5.53 +4-54 +3.22 +2.60o +1.84 +I.55 +-0.71 +o.26 +-2.96 I +0o.24 +2.29 +7.60 7 +6.82 +5.99 +5.24 +3.82 +3.0I +2.09 +1I-53 +o.67 /o.32 +3.3I 2 +-0.32 +2.20 +7.33 +6.65 +5.97 [+5.58 +4. I8 +3.I0 +2. I r +I.28 +0.42 +0o.29 +3.28 3 +0.33 +I.-75 +6.25/ +6.oI |5.40 + 5.26 +t4. oo +-t2.96 +2.o09 +o.85 o. +0.09 +0. 22 +2.94 4.o.32 + I-.03 +4.63 +4.90 +4.45 +4.45 /3.50 +2.65 -1-.53 +-0.40 -o. I3 +o.II — 2.32 5 + 0.24 +0.32 1 2.90 o +3-37 +3.26 +3.05 -t+2.65 +2.27 +0.99 -o0.0o2 — o 54 —.02 +It- i55 6 +0.20 — o.29 +I.28 - i.66 _I.98 +I.48 +I.75 |+I.75 +o.38 o-0.32 -o.69 lo. i6 4o. -6 7 +fo. I3 — o.7I -0.02 I-1.13 +0.o76 -+0.o02 +0-. 76 +I. 12 0. IS -o049 o.80 -o.22 o+0.02 8 o. II -.97 -o.99gg -I.75 -.45 -I -. I4 -o. I6 +o. 36 -o.58 o. 56 -0-. 85 0.24 -0.6I 9 +0.07 -1. I 2 -I -1.70 — 33 — I. 66 -2.o6 — I.I2 — o.54 — o. 85 [ —.58 — 0.85 -o.22 — I.I4 IO +0.04 — I.I4 — 2.22 — 3.9 / —2.88 — 2.83 — 2.02 -I -1.48 — 99 —0. S0. 78 — o.22 — I59 I I -0.04 -I.I6 -2.67 -4'38 -4-0~9 -3.67 -2.70 -2.27 -I.~8 o.58 o.63 6-0.20 -I.96 Comb's IO. I 0.00 -0.28- +.26.o.o8 +0.29 +o.o8 -0.22 -O.I-9 -O.OI +0.I7 -0.23 0.00 0.00 6, 2,9 +o.o6 +O-1o.i7 - -o.o6 Io.o6 [.67 -o. 69 to. 56 +o3 o.3 +0.-3 — o.o5. — 0.o s o. 023 6, 2, IO +-0.05 +O.I6 +0-.03 -0.23 0.27 +0-43 +0.26 0-o.o2 +0.03 0-03 -0.02 +0.05 +-o.o8 7, 2,9 +o.o6 +. I4 +o.55 +o.60o +I.I8 +I.20 +-o.83 +0o.48 +0.22 +. I I — O. I3 -O.8 1+-44 7, 2, 9b +o.o6 o. I7 — o. oI — o3 +Io.47 I o. 39 +-~34 +0.22 -o.o5 o.o6 0o. I 0.00 +0.o04 3, 9, 3, 9 These four hours appear to have been used for the daily means, the results of the combination being zero. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Sitka, Alaska Ter'y.' Lat. 57~ 03'. Long. I35~ 20'W. of G. Alt. 20 feet. [Table by Dove.] From a 5 year series. Mdn't — 0.74 — I-30 -2.18 r -3.39 1-4s05 -4.o7 -3-78 -3.oI -2-41 -2.67 -0o.92 -o- 631-2-43 I -.76 48 - 4 -2.45 -3.78 -4-59 _4.631 -4.231 -3-44 -2.65 -2.49 -1-.3 - -741-2.70 2 -o. 78 -i.6I -2.63 -4-o71 -4-951 -5.o6 14-591 -3.73 -2.991 2.65_ -I.IO/ -074 -2.90 3 -I. I4 -I.75 ]-3-05 -4.25 - 5-47 -5.60o 4-85 | 3.9 8 -2-79 -I.44 -1.08 |-0.40 -2.99 4 -I.OI -1.93 i-3.3I -4-54 — 5-73 |-5-78 -4.95 -4.09 — 2.9 - I-53 — I.IO -0-40 — 3.IO 5 — I.OI -- I-87 — 3-53 — 1466 -- 5-37 -5-561 —6.63 -- 4.25 -2.99 — I.57 — I.IO -- 32 — 3-24 6 -I. - ~ I /.89. 3-51 -4.25 -3-95 -3-98 3-.761 3.-64 -.299 -I.75 -1.03 -0.401 -2.67 7 — I.I6 — I.84 -- 3.o8 — 2.54 -2. I5 |_2.43 — 2.I5 -2.451 — 2.36 _I.30 I -9o.o - o.38 -]I.9I 8 -1.08 -I-70 -I.68 — o.69 / o.oo -o-58 — o.58 —.9o —.o6 — I.I9 — o.74] —o.26 — o. 87 9 — o. 87 — I IO +-o. IS i-i42.-1.84 +I. i6 +1.30 +o. 58 | +_o.38 I -o.26 |-0.52 | -0.22 +0o.33 IO — 0.35 +o-o71 -I-55 1+2.58 +3-o303 +2.88| +2.86| +2.13 |I3.64| +o.63 0.00 +0.24 +I.44 II +0.42 +1-.35 +2.90 +3.78 +3.93 +3.82 +4.43 +3-53 +2.88 -I.68S +0.78 +0.24 +2.49 1From Prof. Guyot's Meteorological and Physical Tables, Smithsonian Misc. Coll.; Washington, I858. Reaumur's changed into Fahrenheit's scale.' 14~ TABLES OF DIIFFERENCES OF MEAN TEMPERATURES. Hour. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. |ear. Sitka.-Continued. Noon +I I.28 +2. 36 -t3 84 +4 79 +4.~88 +4 74 +4- 74 +4- 59 +37 1 I + 2.56 + I. 6 I+0. 7 I +3 -33 I + I.87 +-3.~05 +3.'91 +5.24 +5-533 +.5.2'8 +5.o6 +5.24 +3.50 +3.o I + I.89 + I.03 +3. 7 I 2 +Jr2.I3''3-{3.24 +4.-47 + +5.I3 I-540.5.44 +5.19 +4.85 +4. I8 +3.I9 +2.25 - I.I2 +-{-3.89 3 +2. 3.+3.31 +4.36- +4.72 +5.I3 +-5.'I9 +-4 79 +4.50 +3.86 +3.o8 +2.II +0.99 +3.69 4 + I75 +2. 7o +3.76 +4.29 + —4-59 +4.70 +4.36 +3-.95'+3-50 o+2.54 lI.68 l0o.71 +3.22 45 +I.I2 +I.9I +2.58 +3.67 +3.89 +3.95 +.3.7I 743.22 +2.79 +I.98 +I.oI +0-45 +-2.54 6 +o.56 + I.Oi +I.84 +2.54 +3.o8 -+3.33 +2.83 +2.29 +I.44 +I.I2 +~.47 +0.22 +II.73 7 0+o33 +0o.22 +o.65 + I. 08 +1.70 +-2,25 +1.82 +1-I. IO +o.63 +o. 35 -0.o +0. -0o7 +o.85 8 +0.02 -0.24 0.29 33 +O.52 +0.92 +O-49 — 0.26 -0.42 — o. 13 — o. i6 — 0.02 0.00 9 -0.33 -o.67 o.gg I-1.57 I.08 -o0.6I - 0.74 - I.49 - I.I6 - 0.47 -0 049 - 0.26 - o.83 IO -o 052 -- o.83 -144 2.4I 2.292 -2.I8 J -2.22 -2.15.-I.70.-o.67 -o.65 -0~43 o.46. I -O.69 — I.o -89 -2. -53 -38 I3.1 -o 2.67 2.02 -2. 3 -0.97 -0.49 -2.09 Comb'ss IO, IO — 4 3 -- 38 05 o.4-o8 O37 +0O35 +o.32 -o.o -o.-03 0.02 -0.32 -0-33 7.OI 6, 2, 9 +0.26 + 0.23 -0.OI -00.23 +0. 12 +0.28 +0.23 -00.09 +O.OI +o.32 +0.24 +o. I5 +O. I3 6, 2, IO +0.20 +0. -I7 O-. I)06 9 -. — 0.9 24_o. 2-.26 -03I.7 +o.26 +0. I9 +. IO -o. 08 7, 2,9 +0.21 +024 +O.I3 +O-34 +0.72 O.80 o.77 +o.30 +0.22 +O-47 +0.29 +O.I6 |-0.38 7 2, 9 bis o.o8 — o.oI O I 5 -O.14 +o0.27 +-.45 +0.39 -O. I4 -0.I2 +0.24 +.09 d-o.o5 | -o.o8 3, 9 3 9 o-0o5 — 0.5 -O. 12 +0.08 +0.10 -03 o. +07 +0.23 o. 4 00oo.3 +.o5 E;itka, Alaska Ter'y. Lat. 57~ 03'. Long. 135~ 201 W. of G. Alt. 20 feet. MonLths of old style. From an 8 year series, 1857 to i864. 0 McTn't i - o-85 - I.22| -234 - 3 369 | 4-45 | 4.67 | - 3.86 | - 3.20|.-2-49 | -1-39 | -O- 83 | -0-35 | 2-44 0I -o-84 - I.39 - 2.48 -4-0I -4.88 -512| - 4. I6 | 3.50 - 2.991 - I.49 -|o.83 | - o.36 | 2.67 2 -0.82 tI-57 -2- 59 -4-2I -5-08 | -544-4-461 -3 80 3-3-35 | I-63|-o-8ol - o.38| -2.84 3 -077 -I-7I | 2-75 -4.231 -5- I2 | -560 | -4.66 -03-94 -3- 55 - 1-73 | 0-80 |0-40 — 2-94 4 -0 -72 |I.82 -2.98 | - 4-IS | 4-93 - 5-40 -4-52 -3..89 -3 - 5 | -I-74 | -0-83 | - -0.48 -2.92 S — 0-68 — I.891 — 3.24 -3-92 4 —341 34 -3-79 | — 63 -3-45 -i.65 —.6 g- o - -64 | -2 70 6 o.661 -2.00 -3.24 1 -3.-28 2- 277 - 2.68 -2.6I| -3-o|09 -324 -.6I |I-I5 -0.62 -2.24 7 - 0-721 - 2.20 | 2-471 I-56 | 0-92 | -I.51 - 1.07 | — I.52 | - 2.23 | -I.45 | -I. IO | o.69 -1.45 8 -0o.77 | -I.82 -0.92 +0.o +o.75 +o.67 +0.4I — o.oI — o.-75 | —o.7 —. — 0.66 — o o38 69 -0.-451 o.265 |. +Ioo- o +I-93 -+2-.46 I +2.34021 +2.12 — I.o60 +o.83 0 +o.30 | -o.36 -50 +o.89 IO +-0.28 | +I-OI | +2-52 | +-3.39 | +3-85 + +3.69 | +-33I | 2.98 | +2-341 +1-34 | O-49 | A0.041 +2.II I I / I2I +.20 2.65 31741 -- - 4-53 +5-00 +4.79 +4241 +4-.I7 — 3.69 1 +2.26 +.28 +o.75 | +3.18 7Noon 4+2.02 +-3.3-1 +-4.24 +5-.01 +5-45 +5.-85 +5.00. +4-96 | 0 4.60 +3.02 +2. I6 +oI-506 +3-92 7 +2, IO -4 I | —4.58 + o 3+564 +5.68 +5-85 o+5.27 +4. 94 +4 88 |+3-o.02 +2271 -I-63 +4-.II 2 +2-o6 +3-35 -- 1 4 -3 - 14+4 3 | +545 | +5 O47.+5 4 -t 4.73 +4-57 +2 93 +2-o7 | I- 43 +3 87 3 +I-521 +.2.87 i +3-921 +4-60 +4-84 | +5.02 | +4 76 | +4.21 | +4-I4 | + 2.48a I-5I|1 +O 93 +3-42 4 +O-78 1 +2.I3 +.3 321 +3-73 1 +4-19 t+4 38 +3-63 +3-50 1 +3 39 + +I 771 -0.92 1 +0e48 i +2-69 5 +0-24+I -08 1+2. 1IO+2-73 +3-17|+3-58 +2.66 +2-46+2.42| +O-94O+ 0 -03 8 12 —O.I82 6 |0-05 +O-034 — o. 721 +1.43 I.O89; +2.30 +I.49| +I.-IS +I.I-o +O.I9 -+0.02 -O.I7 +0o.87 7 | o 391 - 0.241 -0ag 9 -o-0.8 O-451 +o.88 | o.301 - O.OI | -0.05 -00.39 | -0o.271 - 0.21 - 0.04 8 -- 0-4I -o.6I | I2I | -I-32 | I-I4 0o-7901 o.g6 | -I.I6 | - 0.90 - o.73 0o.341 - 0.3o |0o.82 Sitka 59alr Wer9. at.6 5 7 3'. Lon. I35 I0 W2.ofG g | - o. 5g | O-9~I | - I-63 | -I-84 | - 2 36 | 2-II |-2 1 —I-79 - I-44 -|I-07 | - o50 - o.43 -1-39 IO | -0~-77 -0.92 o -fI.9 -2onh -3o 24 -3st 13 -2o78 - 2-r I-182| -1.22 -o.67 I I67 o04 -1.82 1 I - o.83 | -1.07 | — 2.19 | 3.19 | - 3.98 | 3 971 3-36 - 2.80 | 2.09 |-I.30 -0o.76 j o.38 - 2.I6 Comlb's| IO, IO - 0.24 |O-04 | +0.27 +0-37 +O-321 +.28| +06-.26 O-34 +0.26 | +o.o6 o.og _O.I8 |O.I4 6, 2, 9 |+0-.271I +0t5 l _ OI6, |-o0o6 +-0. II | +0.231 +0.J2 | 0 l0-04 —.2|+0.08 |+O.I4 +O. I3 +O.-OS " 6, a, IO | +0.2I | +O.I4 |-0.28)- 3 1 -- 5.O8 — |4-30.I9 — 3|-3O.I| -— O.6 3 | 0.2 |0 - O-I6 | +o. | 3 | — o.o6 7, 2, 9 | -25 l077 + i.78 -o.Io 7 1~4.5I | — 072 —'62 | -o.64 l +~347 l +-3'5 l —'7I4 -0.80I6 I -O. I| -2.4 4 r2 9bis | 5 — 0.22 | —.45 — 2OIO | —4.o6 | —40.9 - - O.I8 — 0.22 | — 3. CI-|4 — 0.8 3 | — O.4 — I2 3,,3, 9 | —0.77 — O.IO -+o.923 +- o.oo 0.74 -. —o.og +0.4 +0.02 |-o. ~-~ ~ — ~.o 4 — o.IC 0o.00 "- 2 TABLES - OF DIFFERENCES Oc x oF MEA~ aN TEMPEELAT U RESu a~. 143 Hour. Fb Ma.Apr. M~ay. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. N~ov.~ Dec. Year. Montrealarl Canaedab East-t' Lat- 45' 3o'. Long- 73' 33' W. of G. J. S. McCord. Alt- 57 feet. Aug. 1839, to Ju1Y, IS4I, inclusive. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0or 0 0 0 0 0l Mdn't -I-I -1.3I~ -1.~3. -2. 4. -52 — ~ -. 3 -2.8 — ~ -~ -2.85 1 -II~4 -i.6 -44~4 -3. I — 4. SI -4- 5 -5- I -5.0 1-4.9 -2 —25 -I. 2 -0.9 -3-303 2 -2.4 — 2.7 — 2.9 -41~4 -6.~9 -7a~4 -7.2 -5.~4 -44~3 -4.~0 -i. 6 -1I.0 -4.20~ 3 -1I~3 -2. 7 -5.~2 -5. 1 -6.5 - 5-1 — 6.8 -6. o -5.2 -3.6 -iI.6 -1-S — 4.25 4 I -2.9 -3.44 -5.~6 -7.1r -7.~0 -7.~2 — 7.6 -6.3 -56 -4.8 -1.8 -II-4 -4.96 5 -1-99 — 4.0 -6. 8 -6. 5 — 6.6 -66~3 -77~7 — 6.4d -5.4 -4 —45 -2.1I — 2.2 — 5-05 6 -3-5. -3. 9 -5. 2 -5.~6 -6.~6 -55~5 -55~5 — 6.o -4.6 -44~8 -1I~4 — I~3 -44~50: 7 -2. 0 -5.~2 -7.1I -33~8 -3.~6 -44~7 -33 0 -2.1 -3- 5 -3.~6 — 2.0 — 2.1 -3356 8 -3-1I -3.~2 -33~3 -33~4 -3.1I -00~9 -o. 6 — 2. S -2. 2 -2. 5 -0o. 8 -0. -2.24 9 -12 -. -3. 0 — 0. 7 — 0.5 01 00 +o.2 -. 6 -00. 7 -0. S _o. 6 _-I. -. 40I. -I.02 O 0..2 +0. S 0.0 +0. S tI-0 +-I7 +2.9 -0.5+rc to. -.2 +0. 9 I I + 1. 1 +0..2 -P2.5 +22.5 +2.8 +3-34 +3.~2 +3.6 +-2.2 +2- 114 +0.5 +2. 1 7 Noon +t2.8 -t3~5 +4.42 +5.50 +7.1 +-5.2 +5.5 +5.6 $-5~4 +4.2 + 1.9 +I.2z +4-30 1 +1.I5 $-4. S 0-7~44 P49 ~t5~8 +6.o +6. i +-6.6 $-5.1 $-5~4 +3- 5 +2-41 +4-95 2 +4~I1 -5~4" $6.5 +6.o t-8.8 J7.7 -t7~4 + 7~9 +6.6 +7.0 $-2~4 +2.5 +6G.02 3 +2-24 +t6. i +9.o $-6-3 $-6.5 +-6.9g +8.0 +77~3 +t6.7 -t5~8 +3.2 +2.~8 t-5.9 4 +3.9 +3.6~ +6.o + 5~ +8-4 +7-0 +7.75 +7- 7 +6.7 +5.~6 +22~5 +3_~2 +5. ~65 5 +o. 6 -t4~1 +6. 5 +5.6 +6. 6 -6. 2 +6.5 +5-5 +55.8 +3.2 $-1.2 +1-4 +4-43 6 +1. +1.5 +3-4 $-3~9 +3-9 +5-0 +5-4 +5.6 +-2.8 +2.8 d-1-0 +1.3 +3.20 7 +o. 6 $-1~2 +2-4 +2.9 gI -)35 +32+2.9 +I-4 -to. 6 +i.o +00.4 $-0~7 +1-74 8 +o-. 9 +o. 6 $-1.2 $-o. 8 -i. 6 +i. i -(0o7 +0-.7 -0o. 1 +0.2 0.0 o. o +o. 65 9 +0-o7 +1.0 $-0.7 -0..4 — o. 6 — i.6 -1.2 -i.6 -1-3 -0-3 -0~ 1 t0.7 -0. 34 10 — 0.2 — 0.2 -0. 3 -o 6 -I.9 — 2.5 — 2.6 -2.0 -2-4 -II.4 -I. 2 -0. 9 - 1.30 1 1 — o. 6 -0.2 -18 2.I 2. -3.5 — 3.4 -3-~I1 -330 -2. 5 -I- 5 -0.2 1-2.02 Comb's 10, I 0~ +0.3 +0. I +0. 1 — 0.4 -0..4 -b0. I -0. 1 -0..4 -0..2 -0.~4 -0.5 — 0.18 6, 2, 9 +0-4 +0.8 +0..7 0.0 +0. 5 +0 —-. t.I+o t.4 +0. 3 -o ~39' 6, 2,.10 +0.. 1 +0-4 +0. 5 -0. I +0- I -0O. 1 — 0.2 0.0 -b. I +t0.3 -0. I +0.1 +0-07 7, 2, 9 0. 09 0o s-t4 f-0.0 +o. 6 +15 +0- 5 +I-.I $-r~4 +o.6.o +~o. i 0p.4 +0-7I7 7, 2,9 bi +0- +0. +0. +0- +1- 0-0 +I0. 5 -o. 6 +o. i +0-.7 0.0 1-0.4 $-0~44 3, 9, 3, 9 +0- I +0- I +0-4 0.0 -03 0,0 0. 0 +0. I -0- 1 +0.3 -b0.2 +0- I 0-070 Thunder Bay Island, Lake H Mo, Cich. Lat- 45.'Ln.80Iy ~ fG Alt. 6io feet. Dec. i863, to Dec. i865Md~cn' t — o. 9 -1.9g -2.2 — 2.9 -3.4 -44~3 -3. 8 — 4.~0 -2.~9 — 2.5 -0-.8 — 0.8 2-2 52 0 30 -1.~3 -I.8S -2.9 -3.4' -4.1 -44~7 -4.~5 -44~3 — 2.6 -2-23 -I-I.1 -~1.0 -2.82 I -1.6 — 2.2 — 3.2 — 1~:-3-8 -44~4 -4.9 -4.9 -4.~5 -. -25 — 1.4 -1-II -33~10 1 30 -2.0 -2. 5 -3-44 -4.~0 -4- 7 -5.~3 -5~4 -4~8 — 2.9 -2 5 1 2 i6~3 2 — 2.3 — 2.6 -3- 7 -44~4 -55~0 — 5.6 -55~8 -551 -33~1 - i9-I6i-I3 1-3.6o 2 30 -22.5 — 2.8 -33~9 -4.~6 -5.1 -5,9 -6. i -5. 2 -33~3; —3 -0 -i1.6 -1.44 -3-7 7 -2.6 i -2.9 -4 -~ -5 — 6. i -664 -5~ -~ -~ -iI.S — i.6 -3 3 30 2.~6 — 2.9 -33~9 -44~6 -5.~3 -55~9 -66~4 -5-~4 -3- 5 -33~1 -1-S -1-5 -33.90 4 -22~5 -2.8 -33~8 -4- 5 -5.~2 -5- 8 -6. 3 -5-5 5 —3.6 -3-1 -19 -I.4 -33s6 4 30 -2.~4 1 2-.8 -33. 7 -44~4 -5. 1 -5- 8 — 6.2 -55.5 -3-8 -3.2" -1. 8 -1.~4 -33~83 5 -22~3 — 2.6 -3.~6 -44~3 -44~9. -5.4 — 6. o -5-5 -338 -3. 2. I~9 -II~3 -33~72 5 30 =2.~2 — 2. 5 -33. 5 -4~0 -4.2 -4~~9 -5.5 -5.3.3- 7 -3-1I -I-S -II~2 -3-348 6 — 2.1 -2.4 -3 -3 -3.6~ -3- 3 -44~0 -44~7 -55~0 -3- 7 -33~0 -1I.8 -1I.1 -3- i6 6 30 — 2.0 — 2.3 — 2.9 — 2.9 — 2.6 -2.;7 -3.5 -4.2 -3.3 -2.9 -1.71 -1~ 1 -2.66 -2.0 — 2.1 -2. — 2.0 -1- 1. 2 ~ -2.8 c2.6 -iI.8 -1. 1 1-2.09 7 30 -I —I9 -1.~9 — 2.0 -1. I -00. 5 -0- 5 — I. 2 -1.9g -2.0> — 2.2 -i.6 -0.9g -I1q46 9 -T. C -T,_T- n-9 -L O A. 2L-0 ) - 6 — n- T -C). 7 -T.V T- - T~ - C5 _0_7 -n- 7 ( 144 TABLE ES OF3i DIFFERENCES O' E 8F MEAN I TEE NDIPERAT T RRES. Hour. Jan. F eb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug.. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Year. Thunder Bay Island. —Continu'd. Noon f-2.5 b2.9 +44. 4.0 +4.O-149 -t55~ +5 7 +4.2 +36 +I 8 +1 5 +3.~69 0 30 -f330 +334 +4-44 3-4~3 +4.42 $-56 +5.3 +t6.2 +4-.5 -144 I +2-3 +1-7 +4-09o 1 +~3.2 +3- 7 +4.6 +4-45 +4-4 4 5-4 5.~2 +6-.7 +4-48 +4-4 4-2.6 +1-9 +4.429 1 30 3.34 +4. I +4. 8 +4. 6 +4-~5 +55~4 -b55~7 +6. 9 +5-I +4.~8 +2.9 +~2.0 +44~52 2 +~3.6 +4.~2 +5-0 +44~7 +4~7 +-6.o +5.9 +7.0 +5-3 +55.0 +3-30 +1-9 +4.62 2 30' +3~5 +4.2 +4.8 +4-47 +44~7 +-6.o +6. +6.9 +55~3 +5.0. +3.2 +1-9 +4.69 + 0 3+I3 —5 t46~ 5.0 +55.9 -t6 6 5 +5-I $-4~7 +3 -0 +1-7 +44~55 3 30 $2. 9 +3-7 +4.~2 +4-3 +5- I +-5.6 Jr5~9 +6. I +4.6 $-4~4 +2.7 +1.5 +4.~26 4 +~2. 2 + 3~. +38 +4. I +5.0 +5t-1 +557 +5.6 +4. I -t39 +2.~0 +1.I2 +3.83 4 30 +-2.0 +2-4 +3-33 +3-7 +4.~6 $-4~8 +5. I +5. I +3.6 +3.2 +1-. 8 +1.0 +3-39 5 +1.6 +I-.q -+2.6 +3.2 +4.~I +4-4 +4~. +4.3 +33~0 +2.6 $-1.2 +o. 8 +-2.86 5 30 $-1~3 +I-5 +-2.0 +2. 7 -3~4 +33~8 +3.~8 $-34 +2.2 +t2.0 + I.0 +O. 7 +2. 33 6 3-0~9 +0-09 $-I-5 +2.1 +2-7 +3.2 +3.0 +2.6 +1I.5 +1-3 +0. 7 +o.6 +I-76 6 30 +O-7 -o. 6 +o. 8 +I I4 +-2.0 +2.1I +2. 2 +I-5 +O-9 -4-0 7 +Co. 6 +O-.5 +I-I7I 7 +O-o4 +o. 4 +50. 2 +o. 8 -aI. 2 +I.~ + I.4 +O-.9 +)0. 2 +O. 3 $-0~3 $-O~3 t-o.6 73 0 +O-3 $-O. I -0-.3 +0.2 +O-04 +0-03 +O-.5 +0. 2 -00.3 -0- I' — 03 +0- I +O-I5 8 +0.2 0.0 -0. 5 -0.~2 -0. 2 -0-.5 — 0. 3 -0.~4 -o. 8 -0..5 +O. 1 +O-3 — 0.22 8 30 +0- 1 -0, 5 — o. 8 — o. 6 — o. 9 -1.2a -o. 8 — I. I — I. I -o. 6 0.0 t0.2 -o. 6o 9 0-0 -0.4 -I-0 -I-0 -I. I~7 ~4 -I~ — I5 -I-I~ — o ~ -0-94 9 30 -00~2 -0. 7 — I. 2 1.3 -1I-9 — 2.2 -I. 8 — 2.2 -I-8 -I-3 — 0. 2 — 0. 1 -1.23 10 -0. 3 — o. 8 -1I~3 -i.6 -23 -26 -2.4 -2. 7 -I-9 -II~5 -00~4 -0- I -I.48 Io3) -05 1-I3 -1~5 — ~ -. -3.2 -26 -3-1 —. -1-7 -0. 5 -00.4 -I-79 I I -00~7 -1I~3 -i.~8 -223 -2.~9 -33~5 -3-0~ -33~5 -22~5 -2.~0 -00~7 -0.~2 — 2.02 1 1 30 -00~8 -1r~5 — 2.0 -2. 5 — 3.2 -39 -3.4 -4.1 2I -2-3 _o. 8 -o- 6 -2-31 Comb'ss 10, 10 -0o. 1 -0..2 $-O~4 +0-04 +O-. 1 +0-4 7t0.4 0.0 -0O. 1 -0~3 -0- I o. o +o.o8 61 2, 9 +0-.5 +O. 5 +O. 2 0.0 0.0 +-O. I -0.. I +~O. I 0.0 $-O.3 +O-.3 +0o~3 +o. i6 6, 2, IO +O-4 +O-3 +0- 1 -0.2 -0-3 -0.~2 -0.4 -0.2 -0. +0.2 +O0~3 +0. 2 -0,02 7, 2, 9 +O. 5 d-o. 6 $-O~5 +o.6 +o.6 +O. 9 +O-9 SO-7 3-O3 +0-4 +OO~3 +O-3 +O-52 7, 2, 9 bil +O~L4 taO33 +0. 0.2 +O. 1 +0. 2 +O-.3 -t0 I -0o. I 0.0 0.2 +0.2 a -+O-15 3, 9,339 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3-0~2 +0-. I 0.0 0-0 — O. 1 t0~04 NL. B. The hours 6mg 9mg 3a, 6. were employed in the U. S. Lakie Survey, prior to June, i86o, the diifferences for the means at these hours are as follows:6,9,3,6 -tO.3 +O. 5 a-0~s I I' -1 ~5 +I-I ~5 +i.6 -tI ~3 +o. 8 +o.6 +O~ 3 3-02 +0.90 The mean of 6,.9 9M) 3a) is about the samee as, Tosronto, Canlada We~st. Lat. 3 9 Og 9 23'W-iT of G. Alt- 342 feet. July, 1842, to July, I848. Mdn' t1 -1-52 -1 —.82 -2 —247 i -3.26 -5 —503 -5-5-3-~~41 -6 4-5-46 -3 —~96 -3.~25 -1.-I82 1 -0.91 -33~45 I -1I.99 1 -2.20 -2.95 -4.01.i -5-89 1 -6.oo -7 41 -6. I I -4 —457 -3 —385 1 -2. 1 I -1I~49 -4 —405 2 — 2.07 -2 —254 -3 —333 1 -4.68 i -6.73 -6. 70 -7 —797 -6- 79 - 5-5 i6 —4. I7 -2 —239 1 -I.86 -4- 453 3 — 2.22 1 -2.97 -3.62 -4. 88 -7-44 -77.48 1 -8.69 -7 —746 1 -5.62 -4 —433 1 -2.7 I -I~999 -4495 4 -22.32 — 3.27 -44.00 -5-3I -7-91 j-8.(5 -99~32 — 7.841 -6.2 I -4.63 — 2.87 I-2.02 -55~3I r_ -9 rf n _,~2 6 4~52 -A t9-C R -7 SA 1 _,- R6 _n -27 -,Q-n, -6- RA -A- RO -2-,76 -2_0A - -5~A9 TABLES OF DIFFERENCES OP MEAN TEIPEIRATURESS. 145 W~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Oct.'e r. Hour. / Jann. j Feb. Mar. Apr. M:lay. ulie. July. Aug. Sept..[ Oct. Nov. Dec. Year. Toronto.-Colntinued. o,, I o t o 1 o Nooltl +2.5 I, +-. o+40 +4090 o+5s9 1+-5S87 +6.8 + —6.-541-+593 +5.3o +3 ['33-.-2. 49l-+4. 8O I +3.oI +4.66 + 4..8 +584 +6.8i +6.60 +-778.7.3I +6.53 7r5+-73 -+3.2I 550 3-OI ~~ ~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~+5.33 73 t 32+5.5c 2 +3.28 -[5-6 +5 —.42 +6.22 +7. 1 - 7.02 +8.6- +7.89 +6.93 +6.o8 +3.81 +3.36 1+5.90 3 -+3.25 - 5.os +5.22 +6.29 +7.22 /+7.4~ +8.83 +S-24 +6.96 -j.85 +3.64 +3-.II +5.92 4 1+2.-731 450 +4-75 +5.90 o+7.71 +7.641+S4.S41+8.og- _6.74 5.I2 +2.74 t2.46 +5.56 5 + I-73 +3-30 +4.00'+5-17 +6791 +7-~4 +8.38 +7- 54 +5-78 +3-37 +I-53 +I'51 +4.68 6 +O.91 9+I.85 +2.32 +3 37 +5.o4 +5-74 +6.94 +5.64 +J-.I +I.32 +0.71 +0.8I +3.I5 7 +o.38 +o. 86 +o.85 i+o.84 +2. I 7 j+3.oo +3-46 +I-.66 - _41 o. 2.2 +o. I4 o.48 + I.20 8 +-o.o6 + O-.CI -0.12 — o.75 — o.54 -0.3o0 -0.74 — I.26 — 0.87 -0.52 -O. 7 +0.09 -O.43 9 -o. I4 / -.61.2 1-I.83 -2.29 -2.46 -_3. I I 2.84 -I-9 -1.28 J —.46 — o. I6 -1I.52 Io -0.52 -1. I9 -I.77 — 2.6o — 3.26 — 3.8o - -4-34 — 3.86 — 2.97 -2.03 — o.I —0.46 — 2.30 II -0.84 -1.70 - 2-42 3- -3Io -4.IS - 4.76 -5- 52 -4.66 -3.6 I 2- 70 -I.I6 o.- 57 - 2.94....... _ _...._ COMI)IS'.,tom', IO, IO -o. 02 -o.09 o —009 -0,05 -+o. 27 — o I 5 -oI 6 lo. T4 +0. 2-. 5o50 +0o. 36 -_O.OI +o. To 6,2,9 +o.046 +-o.o0 -0I7 — 039 — o.IS — 0.22 —0.2I 1-~.5 — 3. o071+0.29 +-0.25 —.o08 6,2, IO +o.33 -O. I -038 — o. 64 -o.50 -o.66 -o.62 1-o.8 1.I7 O.I5-0.34 7, 2, 9 +0.42 | ~-03 +I2 +o-38 +-o.8I +0-721roI |o48.37 o032 0.29 +O.19-o4 7 2, 9bis.28- I3 1 I9 — I7 +o-o4 — 0.07 o.o-35 - 0 1 +o.S +14t.o — 0.1 — o.I - -o.o I I6 +0.02 +0 1o.oi+o.o5 ), 9, 3, 9 +O-.05 +O-1 I f-o.I7 3-O~14 0-0 O oI.G-t.0~-02 lo 33 o. I4 -O-O.I -50.0 MVohlawk, N. Y. Lat. 43~ oo'. Long. 75~ 02' W. of G. Alt. 435 feet. Junle, I86o, to May, I864, inclusive; and Jan. I867, to Jan. I869, inclusive. I T I M idnin't ]-I-I.I 5I -I -I.8S -29.5 -3.70 — 4-34 — 4.22 — 4.32 — 3-.57 — 1.83 — r.34 -o 94 — 2.65 Md1'3 ~-95 37 2 -2.6 I -I34 |-2. I7 -2.70 -4 15 — 4.84 -6. IS -5.o6 -4.8 -3.So 3-253 -o.82 |-I.I7 -3.3o 2 -I64 -2-55 -3 I3 -14-7I — 5.73 |-7.o o6 -5-9 -49 — 447 — 3-4 — 1.23 — I.-52 -3.-8 3 -2.05 — 2.90 — 3.70 -5.22 | —6.55 1 —7.82 |-. — 6.I9 — 5.o6 — 3.46 -I.6I -I.89 1 —442 4 — 2-37 1 — 3.20 — 4-18 — 5.76 — 737 -8.53 7.24 6.83 — 5.66 — 3.94 — I.88| -2.19 — 4-93 5 — 2'63 — 3.39 -4.62 -6.13 — 7-85 — 9.0I -7- 75 — 7-33 -6. i9 — 4.3 11 -2. 21 -2.3I -5.31 6 -2.80 — 3.68 i-5.o6 — 6-43 1 —7-88 — 8.36 — 7.29 — 7-47 -6 58 -4.63 -2-48 -2-49 5-43 7 — 299 -4'II — 5.04. - 5-89 6.37 — 6.39 — 5.3I — 6.30 — 6.25 — 4.78 -2.81 |_2.64 | -4.9I 8 — 2.95 — 3.89 — 3.66 — 4.O — 4.oo0 — 3.42 -2.69 — 4.04 — 4.67 -4-12 — 2.63 — 2.62 — 3. 56 9 -2.20 -2.64 — 1.68 -1.87 ] —.40 0-o.6I +o.05 — I-44 — 2-32 — 2-55 — I.77 — I.79 1 — 69 O -- o.70 |.63 - |- ~.3- qI -+0.29 -.oa02 +2.-00 +2.64 -I-.32 |+0.26 | 0-34 -o.36 -]049| +0.44 1 - +'.o6 JrI.2I +I.94-| +2.15 j+3-1I7 |+4- I8 +464 +6 3.65| +2.6I +!.80$| I.I4 +0.99| +2.38 Noor1 +2 55 |+2.99 +3.40 +3-85 +5-01 +5.98 +6. I2 +5.52 +4.62 +3.62 +2.38 1+2.36 +4.o3 I +3'5I1 +4.I5- +4.401'+5.1I8 +6'35 +7'2I |+6-99 |+6.94 |+6-39 +4-95 +3- I6 +3-30 +-5.2I1 2 |+4IO ~ +4-90 + —523 +6-30/ +7.5~ +8.45 1+7.24 +7-7I1 +7-56 +5.85 +3-55 1+3.641 +6.oo 3 +4'22 / +5I6 |+5-4 -6'96g +8'Io /+8-99 +7-42 +8 32 +-8.3I +6.251 +3.6 |+353. 1+6.36 4 +375 +4-74 |+5.26 |+7.29 +S. 24 +-9.o-03 +7.o02 -8 |- +8. 3I +5. 88 +3.7 | +2.97 +-6.I7 5 - 2.75 +3.85 1 +4.62 1 +-6.98 +7.86 +-8.45 1 +6.68 +7.70 1+7.27 q+4.70 +2.23 +2.o3 +5.42 6 +I.62 +2.6o1+3-35 1+5 —587+6.79+ —7. I3-+5-50 +6-40 +5-33 +3-031+.I29 1I.29 +4-19 7 +~'-85 I-6I +I-89 |+3 86 +4.59 |+4.86 +3.67 +93 90 -|-2.76 +II.47 +o049 | +0-72 — 2.55 08 +O.28 | -o.83 | +o.g6 +-I.62 1I.80]1 +I-90 o +I-03 +I.O9 | o. 60 +O-37 o O-033 +o.26 +o.90go g — 0.28 |+0.20 +0.22 | -0.02 — 0.28 -- O.55 / —I.O6 — 85 — 0.85 — o -44] —. 47 — o. I3 — o.381 1O —.66 — o 043 6-6.41 --.5 — I.66 |-2.09 -2.44 -2.29 -I.9 -0.75 0 —.77 |-0-34 -I1.24 II |-097 -I-O0I |-I-07 |-2 II I-2-73 -3 - 53 -3-3.37 7 — 3.36 |-2.80 -I.32 -I.04| -o.60 |-I.99 Comb's Io, IO -o.68 | - o53 |-0.o5 |-0-43 | 0-32 | -0-04 | +O-IO | 0-48 |-0 2 -0-54 -0-57 |-0-42 -0.40 6, 2, 9 +0- 34 +O-47 +O-I3 |-0.o5 -0.22 -0|.5 -0-37 |-0-20 |0.0o4o 0.26 +0.20, |+0.34 +oL.o6 6, 2, IO +o0.2I +o.26 — 0.08 — 0.43 Y —o.68 — 0.67 -- o.80 -o.68 — o.3I I| o.Ii6 | O.I +O. 27 |o.22 7, 2, 9 |+o.~28 | +033 | +~.I4 | +~.I3 |-iLo.28 | +o.o50 |+o.29 | +O.I9 |-to.I5 |o0.2I +-0.09|+~.29 |+o0.24 7, 2, 9 i, | n~o. I4 -+0.29 I ~~'. I6| —~0.09 +~.I4 1-~'+04 -|~.o5 |-o.o7 | o-IO | +0-05- 5 | o~I8 +-o-'8 3, 9, 3, 9 1-0. 08 1-0. 04 1 +0.06 1-0.04 1-0.03 1.00 1I-0. 05 1-0.04 1 +0. 02 -0.05 -0.04 10.06 1-,03 1 nSo 11oo3 ~t9 ILEBRsUARY~ I 875. 146 TABLES Os F DIFFERENC~ES OF MEAN~ TEM~PEPI~tATUE RES Hour. Jan. Feb. Mar. April. Mlay. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Year. Camhbridge, Mass. a,4"2/ Long. 71' o7' W. of G. Alt. about 7i feet. Oct- 1841, to Dec. IS42, inClrUsive. 2.6 -1I.5I ( -.46 1 -5.28 -32 s8 g -6 $ -6.oi -a.8. 6.631- r 26 -55~40' 4.6 -II-85 -3 —339 -5 —559 -4-472 -99~47 -99~73 -6.6o -6.86 - 7.90(- 7-13 -4- 53 1-2.69 — 5. Ss 6. 6 -3-11 ) -3.25 -6 —648 -4-403) -44~92 -22~59 -3.~29 -4-2,5s - 8.26 -- 7.28 — 4.67 ( -3~I11 -4.6 I 8. 6 i -4.92 1 -2.86 i o-0o2 0.035 1 2-51 -J2276 t2.03 I. 64 +-t 0.37 -- 1.8sl -157 i -I-S7 -0.29 IO. +048 + ~I.02 +5 —534 1 3f59 +5 —599 +$6. 62 +6~-.95 +5-5 59 + 7.38 +4 6-30 +4-457 j 2-250 4.469 o.6 P.m.(-4-4.La2 +5~00 +7-b797 +5.26 +S-855 t-S.85 +7- 50 +6-636 +IO-003 +100.04 +6- 72 +5.22 +7- i6 2.6 $-4~45 +5- 59 +7-44 +5-56 -i9-945 -9. i6 +6.96 +~6.65 + 9 97 + IO. SS +6- 75 -t498 +7-32 4.6 +2.9~4 +3~47 1 5-504 +4 —405 i 7-798 +7$-00 +5~ I1I + 5.4 -t 7-2Il-$ 7.25 +t~64 +1-9S~8 +5-09 6. 6 $-0~73 -0.27 -f0o.70 1 I-I35 +3.6~o3 +4.21 +0.9~2 1+2.03 + 202 +t 0-56 +o.68 +0.io29 1 1.I40 8.6 0.00 — 0.82 -1I~S3 — r.&9 2.1~3 -2- 73 -2- 73 — I.96 -- 2.25 -- 2-5I — I.27 -0- 77 -I- 75 io.6 -o. 69 -0- S3 — 3.22 -2-275 -5-I3 — 6.25 -44~53 -3- 50 - 4.77 - 4.2 — 22~37 1 -1-74 -3-343 The following values for certain c~ombinations of hours were obtained by a process. of graphical interpolation, the abovea monthly results having been plotted on a suitable scale for that purpose:7) 2b's, 29 +O-3 (+0~5 -0..2 -t0. I -b0.9 +I-4 +0-5 +0-3 o. I + 0.. 4- + 71' 9bi, -.2I-o -- ~ o o +0.2 -0. 4 -0-03 - 0.7 - -4-02 0. 2. 3, 9, 33,9 -0o. 5 -0- I +0. 2 +0o$4 +0..2 -0. 2 +0o. -004 -k o5 + 0.2 d-0o4 0 0 0. r~-o The above results are of comparatively little value on account of the small number of observations. Amheraest, Ifass. Lat- 42' 221. Long- 72' 34W -N of G. Alt. 267 fe —t. 1839M~dn'tt -2 —50 -1-I~70 1 4-4S4 - 4.92( -4475 -5-5o -55~32 -44~53 -5 —539 -3-3~99 -2 —239 - — ~9S -33~95 1 -3-~90 / -2-78 ) -4~ 72 1- 6.23( -5-515 -6. 66 C -6.40 -5-1~ 5 -5-541 -4-~77 -2 - 233 1 -I. 63 ~ -4.62 2 1 -4.24 -3 —303 1 -4. So 6.69~g -6-48 -7 —730 -6. S4 1 -5.67 -6-17 1-5- 55 11-2. 98 -2. 20 -5- i6 3 -4.~ I3 -3.~20 -5 —5 4 14 7.42 — 7-41 -77~94 -7.29 1 -6.04 1 -6.97 -6 —-36'-3-348 ii-2. 55:-5.6S 4 -44~50 -3 —394 -5 —56S - 7~s85 -7j-88 -S. o.6 -7~443 -6'.30 1 -7.6i 1.-6.99 1 -3~7 71 -2-70 -60 5 -4-72 1 -4.20 -6.03 1- S. 121 -Q. IS -7-82 -77.55 1-6.67 -7-793 1l-7~ 62 1-4-02 -3 —332 -6 —636 6 -468 -4 —473 -6. 11 i - 7.77( -6- 77 -5 —598 — 6. o1; -5. S2 -7-49.-7-~55 -44~33 1 -3~97S -5.99 6 -4 —475 1 -4.77S -4.6i 1- 5-971 -4.22 1 -4.22 —. Ii-44 -53 ~-677 -4.~27 -33~97 -4-77' 8 -3. 3 -3 —378 -2.07 1- 3-04[ -i.62 -1-42 - 1-10O -1-997 i 2-257 -4.~2I — 2.67 -4. 13 -2-70i 9 -I.46 -. +~ 1- o.0o +o. 6o +o. S6 I +o.S6 +0 92 -0-.SII-.731-033 -2.40 -0o. I 9 ro 6-:32 3~0~ S5 +2.b258 +~ 2.69 -33~12 -P3~10 +33 79 +3-03 +3-27' $2-34 + I I44 +0-055 +2-34 t I 1 +4-10 +2-72 +4- 78 + 5.65 -P5~12 +5.66 +6-42 +5-44 / 5-599 +5-12 1. 3.02 1 2-a76 +4-~73 Noon +6-32 +e4.26 +66~39' 7.92 +6-6 75 +-8o6 -P849 +-6.85!+S..II +77i6 1+ 5002 +4.30 1.+6.64 1 +7-46 +5- 35 + -7.66 +- 9.46 +S-5 + 9. 3;4 ) S-.82 1 38.22 49 — g07 +S-34 1 -16.1I3 +6.I4 j 7L9 S5 -7. SO +6.o6 S.35'I S- ~S75 $-S.98 1+ 9~49 $775 +9-975 +9-938 +5-989 + 6 +8.26.2 3 +7-,32 +5-SO S. I2 +1$ 9.8Ir 8.27 +S —8 58 1 7P749 +7-66 +9I5+9-15 9 3 +5.29 +5.6o +7-70 4~ -P5.9SO +4-89 +7.24 + 8.6i $-786 +7-S2 +7- i6 + 6. 2a 2 8 S335 t8~34'338 S6 +3~76 +6.66 5 +3-32 1+3. IO +5.66 +- 7-04 +5-97 -5-98 +5-82 + t;25 1+6-39; +5-75'+2.29''+2.03 +4-89 6 +2.o6 I-188 +3-47 +- 4-50 J4-08 1+4. I8 +4. i6 +2.SI +3-47 1+3.6o +o.S6 +o. 68 1+2.93 7 -0.~24 +I-05 -o. i~6 +~ I. 69 +2-238 +I-90 +I-53 +I~43 I+I-42 I I-34 1 o. 65 +0~331 +I-P 8 -o. 64 -0o43 -0.o.92 1- 0. 27 +0- I9 -o. o.6 -0-99 g -0-.34 ) -o. i6' -o. 03 1 0-007 -0.~.20 1 0.,25 9 -I50 -0.28 - i.S~8 I- 1-77j -i.66 I -I.98 1-3. o6 — ~ -20 I0 -og I -06 3 -I5 Io, Io — 034 I~.Iq — 0~35 1 — ~jII~ro.Ig — 006 o.6o -2.04 -. -i~o6 -o. 79 -o. 69; -I. 6, 2, g to.S~~l~s.3j fo.Ial+ o.29/ 3-o.II +0~341 $-4~I3 ) 90~I4 1 ~0~07 I~o~zG Colzg +0.611T -r r TABLE~ ES OBF DIFFERENCES ~~ C O F MEAN TE MPERA 1L~%rE ~8~bia RES.I s 147 Hour. Jan.~ Feb. Ma~r. Apr. May.y June. ~y Aug. Sept. Oct. N tCovI Dec. Y~ear. New9~~ avaen, Conn. Lat-41-1" iW. Long. 72" 56' W. of G. Alt. about 45 feet. Partly 1779 to i865, partly 1838 to 1r852, constructed frost various hours of observation. Mdtn't -2.27 1 -2.87 -3 — 71 l-4.65 -5 —540 - 5-581 -5.520 -44 75 -4-~79 -44~08 -2.64 1 -2. 17 -4 —403 1 — 2.62 -33~34 -4 —432 -5 —543 ) -6.27 / -6.93 j -6.1I7 -5- 57 / -5.63 1 -4~814 -3-18 -2 —49 -4 —473 2 1 -~0 -33~80 — 4-85 -6. Io -77~ i6 — 8. o -6.97 — 6.29 -6-32-54~ — 3.68 ( -2.82 -53 3. 3-34 -44~31 -5537 — 6-74 -79~97 -8-71 7- 7 55 -6- 676 1 -6. So1 — 6.05 -4. 10 -3. 17 -5-91 4.' -3-~70 -44~79 -5-5.1 -77~32 - 8-850 -8. 86 1 7.69 -7 —.i6 —.~23 -6-51 -414 50 -3-49 -6 —630 5 -44.07 -55~ i6 -6. IS -7- 53 -S —838 -8 —S17 -7 —739 -7- 7IO -7 —735 -6.8i -44.80 -3- 78 -6 —639 6 -4-434 -5~5~30 -6- osSg -7. 15 1 -6.6o -6. 13 -6. 15 -6 —636 -6.84 1 -6.65 -4 —480 -3 —397 -5 —586: 7 -4-438 — 5~1 0 -4~991 -5.27 1 -3.63 1 -3. I7 1 -3.6S -44~ I I -4-~75 i -5.2;' -4448 -3~96 -4-439 8 -3-82 ~ -3.69 -2 —230 -2.04 - 0-051 +O0.03 -O. 86 -I-344 -1-72 -2. 29 i -2.98 i -3.21 -2.o6 9 -r.3 1 -0~I 1$-046 -~I. t 1~2.14 +2. 68 + r. 64 1 1.22 I 1-.25 I O0.58 0 -046 1.0I t-~6 0O +I-59 +2-48 +3.-324 +3-83~7 +4.2~2I1 +4-73 i 3-379 4-3-339 +3~'78 +3- ~52 +-2.24 + -. 63 +3.21~2 TI +3.63 +4.4~23 +4-4~86 1 5-549 1 5t577 + f6.o8 +5- 571 +5.28 +5.C565 +5.65 +4-19 +3-49 8 $4499 Noon +55~19 + - 5~ 6 +6. I~ 4 +6 —678 +36. 98 +7-7.12 +6.717 +6. 50 + t6.89 6. 95 +5.5~63 +5- ~05 +a6. 29 I 4-6.07 +6- 659 +7-07~3 I 7r74 +7 —793 1 7-793 +7-46 +7$-730 + -7.67 +7- 775 +6-b637 1 5-585 +7.14~I 2 +6-34-4 +6.95 +7-47 - 138 ~32 + 88 51 +8.32 +7-81 +7.69 +8-04 +S8. o8 +6- 57 +6.1~2 +7-7 52 3 +5- 88 -e6.76 +7-r734 +S-835 + 3-8 53 + 38.25 1 7-77I +7.6~2 1 7~.S9 +7.71 d-6.. 1 i 6-553 +7$-73I 4 +4-73 +5- 78 + t6.6o 1+7-83 +8t-.02 + ~7.63 +7 — 7I9 +7T.O6 7-715 + d6.6o +4.63 +4-02 1 6 —44 5 +-2.84 +3~881 +4~74 $6. 0+6.6o 6 7 +6.48 + $6.13 +5-89 +55.80 +4447 + ~2.88 +2.09 -4.88 6 +1-I39 +2.01 +2-254 +4 -405 +4-72 +4~331 -4~18 +3-~394 +3-~397 1 2-276 ) 15156 I+I.oO +3~o04 7 +0-31 +o. 062 $-O. 88 + 3-I47 I-i-.65 +~2. i6 +2.t203 I 1-I92 I i-.88 + r. I 8 +O-50 + t0.21 I$-1.23 8 -0-49g -0044 -0- 057 1 -o.6i i -o.62 -0. 08 I 0o.1r -0.01 -0. 08 -0.o22 1 0-037 ~ -0-49 -0032 9 -1r. I 1 -I..23 -Ii666 -i.98 1 -2.23 -i.8.2 - -. 65 -i-.65 ~ -I.69 -1-I.46 i -I-07 I 1-I04 -1-55 IO -I- 55 -1-S~4 -2 —240 — 2.97 -3. 47 1 -3.28 1 -2.88 -2 —279 -2.85Sg -22.42 -1 —J59 -1-r46 -22.46 t if -1I.95 -2 —238 -3 —305 -33~SO -44~45 -4.6o1 -4. II -3-S6 -3-3 S7 i -3.2S -2. I 2 -I.82 -3.~27 Comb's IO, 10 -+0.02 i O-032 / O-042 +O —045 ) O-037 +0 —072 / O-045 +O —030 ) 0-046 I Ot.55 +O-32 +O-08~s +O-37 6, 2, 9 +O-30 +0-14 -0-09 —0. 27 -0.11 - 0.12 O oo o.. I — o. 16 — o.of +0.23 +O0.37 I-Oo-04 6, 2, 10 +0-15 -o. o6 -00~34 -o. 6o -0- 52 -00.36 -0-41 -0-o 49 -00~55 -0-~33 +o+0o6 +0.23 - 0.27 7, 21.9 I-O. 2S J0.2 1 +O0.30 1 O-036 +o. S8 31.11 +O —083 ) o. 64 1 O-053 j O-045 +O-034 +O-037 +0 —o53 7, 2, 9 W, -0.06 — o. I5 -0. I -0.23 -+0O IO +~0.38 -0.2I 6-O.07 — 0.02 -00.03 -0.01 -10.02 +0.01I 31 9, 3,9 +0.02 +o. IS -eo. 19 +O. 19 +0.12 p+O-r0 3O004 -to~II +o. i6 -po.ig t-O.14 +O-OS +O-13 Br~ooklyn Hei~ights, N~. YBi. Lat- 40' 41'. Long. 73' 59'W-iV of G. Alt.. Dec. 1847, to M~ay, I849, inclusive. Mdn't -1.. — i.6 -338 -34 - -~7 -.4 1-.4 -330 -2~ -~I -20 -I-7 -3- r 1 -i.6 — 2.2 -44~4 -55~5 -44~4 -7.~0 -2.~8 -33~6 -3- 5 -4.~0 -2.~5 — I~9 -3.66 2 -1 9 -2.9 -44~8 -55~9 -55~0 -7.~2 -3.2 -4. I -4-1~ -44~8 -33~1 -2.0 -4.1 3 -2.~2 -3- 5 -55~0 -6. 1[ -5.~4 -77~3 -3.44 -44~4 -4.~5 — 5~2 -3- 5 -2.1r -4-4~ -2 -3- 9 -5. 2 -6.2 -5-7 — 7.2 -3.~6 -4- 5 -44~8 -5.6~ -33~8 -2. I -4~6 5 — 2.6 -4.0 -4.~7 -5. 9 -55~7 — 6. 7 — 3'. 6 -445 -4.~9 -4.1r -3- 7 -2.1I -4-4~ 6 — 2.6 -33~9 -4- 7 -55~8 -55~0 -5.~6 -3.~6 -4. I -4.~6 — 2.8 -3.~2 -1I. 9 -4.0 7 -2.~6 -33~9 -4.~0 -4.~2 — 2.8 -2.~3 -2.~9 -3.~2 -3- 7 -2. -` 3 -1I~7 -33~1 -2.3 — 2.9 -2.2 -o0. 6 — 0.7 +O-.7 - i.6 -r.8 -2-4 -1-3 -i0 —..6 9 — I~3 -0-.9 -Os, 3 $-1.3 +0. S +2.9 — 0.2 +0. I -00.4 +0- 5 -00. 1 -0-.7 +O-. I IO +0. 1. -II +2.0 +33~0 +2- 7 +e3.9 +O. - +2.3 +-2.1 +$2.1 $-.8 Co. 6 S.i.9 I I +I.9 +2-.4 $-4~0 +5- I +4.8 +5.7 +2.26 +3-38 +4-48 +337 +3-5 +1 —I9 +3-7 '148 TABLES OF DIFERENES OFD ME AN TEMPERATURES. Hour. Jan. FeD. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Year. Brooklyn Heights. —Continued. 0 0 0 0 O O Noon +3 --- +3.6 -t4.9 +6.-7 — 6.2 -+7.I +3.5 +5-4 +5.6 +4.8 +4.2 +2.9 +4.8 +I +3.6 +4-5 -+5.6 +7.8 +6.4 +7-7 +4.4 +6.3 +5.6 +5. 3 +5-.I +3.4 +5-5 2 +3.9 +4.6 -t6.4 +. I — 6.4 +8.0 _ 4. +5.0 +5 5 +5.8 +5.2 +3.7 +5.6 3 +3-4 +4.5 +-6.5j +7.8 +5 +7 +7.9 -4-.s +4.9 +5.3 +-5.5 5 -5. +3.4 +5.4 4 -+2.9 +-4. +5.5 +6.2 1 +5.2 +-7. +4.4 4.0 +4.5 +44 +3 7 +2.6 +4. 5 5 — I.8 +3.2 -+-4.2 +4.6 +4t. o +53 +3.6 +3-t +3 -4 +3.o0 -I.5 — I7 +33 6 +I.I — 1.9 +-2.6 -+2.7 +2.4 +3-4 +23 +1I.8 +2.1 +2.2 -o.6 +0o.g — 2.0 7 -o.6 +1-.2 I-.5 +o.9 +-o.8 — I. - +-.I — 2O. - I.r +0.9 -o.I +o0.3 +o0.9 8 o.o +0.7 +07 — 0.4 — 03 — 0.4 -o.3 — o.r -0-.2 - o.5 0.5 o.o o.o 9 — 0. -+0. I +0.2 -I1.4 -I.3 — I.5 — 0. 6 -o.g 9 --.6 — 0.-7 -o.6 7 I0 — 0.6 — 0.3 — 1I.2 -3.1 -2.0 -4.0 — I.2 -I.7 — I.4 -1.O -0.8 -I.I -1.5 I — I. -0.9 _2.9 — 4. t -2.9 -4 9 -5-4 -2.0 — 2.3 -2.2 -2. I —.4. 4. -2.4 Comb's Io, Io — 0.2 — 0.4 +0.4 o.o +0.3 o. — o. + +o. 3 +0-5 +0.5 — 0.2 +0.2 6, 2, 9 +-o. +03 -|+o.6 +-o3 oo +o.3 +-o.I I |-0 o.I 8 +O-04 +O-4 -o.3 6, 2, IO +0-.2 +O-.I +0.2 - 3 -0.2 --.5 — O. -- -3 -O.2 +0.7 +0.4 -O0.2 0.0 7, 2, 9 +-o.3 +O3 +0-9 +O-8 0.8 | I.4 +0-30. -- ~-.4 — o. - -o. 4'-0-.5 +o.6 |7, 2, 9bis +0.2 +0-t-o2 +O,7 +-3 +0.2 +0.7 +O..I 0-o. | +0.4 o. -o. +0.2 +0.3 39 9 3,9 -O.I- o O|1 +-O 3 +0.4 0.0 +o.-5 +O.I — O.I 0.0 0.0 +0.2 0.0 -O. I The above results are not entitled to full confidence, either firom insufficiency or irregularity of observation. Frankford Arsenal, near Philadelphla,' Penn. Lat. 40~ oo'. Long. 75? 04' W. of G. Alt. 24 feet. Captain Mordecay, U. S. A. IS36 and I837. Mdn't — 2.68 — 3.06 3-331-35 452 6.84 -5.92 — 5-40 — 5.29 —4.9 -2.59 -2. Io — 4.23 I — 3.o2 — 3.29 — 3-94 — 4.2I — 5.85 1-7.67 — 6.9I -6.o5 — 5.92 — 5.4.0 -2.66 1 -3.o2 -4.84. 2 — 3.40 1 —3.89 1 — 4.79 1 -5.24 1 -6.86 1 -8.39 — 7.90 — 6.84 — 6.86 — 6.oI -2.86 — 3.38 — 5.54 3 — 4. IO — 4.46 J — 576 -6.48 |-7-72 — 8.82 — 8.62 — 7.47 — 7-85 — 6.62 — 3. 7 — 3-74 -6.23 4 — 4 79 — 5.o02 1 — 6-53 — 7.40 I-8.03 i 8.64 1-8.64 1-7.56 — 8.39 1-7.o4 1-3.40 1 —4.o-5 — 6.62 5 — 5.20 1 - -54 6-64 — 745 — 774 — 7-56 -7-65 — 6.73 — 7.97 — 7.o2 — 389 1 —4.21 — 644 -6 Z5o 1 -5.29 15.90 -6.37 I -5.96 1 — 5.54 1 -5.67 1 —4.97 — 6.39 — 6.35 — 3.I 1 -4.o51-5.38 7 — 4.23 1 — 452 1 -430 1 — 4-37 1 —3-74 1 —2.84 1-302 1 —2 59 — 3 85 -4.93 — 239 1 —3-42 1 —3.69 — 8 275 -2.99 — 2.I2 — 1.9I — I.28 -1 -o.7 — O. 8 |-0.02 — O. 8I — 2.84 1-I.3 — 2.I |-I.53 0 g -.77 — o. 68 1-o. I6 + 0.45 [-xI.oI +2.70 -+-2.39 +2.25 +2. 16 — 0.27 -o.0o5 L — o-4I +o 77 IO - I-t-401 +I.62 +2. 25 +-2.-36 +2.90 o 4.75 +4-44I +4-4.I +4.-64| +2.54 |-I.58 1I-.71- +2.86 I +3.47 +3.98 +3-96 + 3.80- +4.43 -6. I7 + 5.94 l 5.27 +6. 50 +5.24 1 — 2-52 +3.83- +-4 59: Noon |- 5 I8 + —5.85 8 -+5.22 - -5.00 +5.29 +7-7I3 -+-7-11 +6 26 7I 7. +/-54 I -+4.41 + -5'5I | -6.03 I +-6.4I /-6.771 +6.17 -6.1 I2-6. 9I +7-. 90 +8.o6 +-7-.II +-8.691-+9 I. II -5.36 - 64.461 -7.o9 1 2 -b6.80 -+7. I6 +6.77 -7. I8 |-+7.92- +-8.48 |-8.7I 7 +7.83 -9.I6 +-9.8 I +5.72 +-6.58 1 +7.67 3 +6'57 +6'59 +6'98 +7.94 -+8.51 +8.75 +8.87 I +S.I2 I -9'05 +9-59SO i+540 i-5.72 -7.67 4 +5.69 1+5.49 1 +6.64 +-7.99 -8.33 - +-844 +-8.26 1 +-7.70 o-8.17 +8.24- +4.4I +-4.37 1 -6.98 5 +-4.28 +-b4.2I +5.63 -+7.00 - +7.20 l +7.27 |+6 75 +6.32~ +6.39 +-6. Ig +3.42 +-2.77 +5.63 6 +2. 57 / 2 50 1- +4.0i +5.02 -+5.20 / +-5.24 — 4. 5o0 |-4 I2 +3.87 -3 7I +-I.26 1- I.24 1 +3.6o0 7 -+o.83 +-0I.o4 l +2.07 +-2.45 — 2.68- +2.6i'-I.87 1I.I | I-.08 - +I.22 -0.32 — 0.02 / -I.42 -8 -065 — 0.27 +-o. I4 — 0.05 — 0.23 — O. I6 — 0 63 ~97 — I.49 — | 97 — I55 -- 95 — o. 6i 9 -I.7I — I.48 — I.37 —.9I -I.80 — 2.63 — 2.63 — 2.90 -3.35 -2.63 230 — I.60 — 2.2I IO — 230 — 2.09 — 2.36 -2.97 — 3.22 — 4 55 — 4 O3 — 4'I4 — 4 4II — 374 — 2 59 — 2.O3 — 3.20 11II — 2.54 — 2.66 — 2.95 -3'38 -4. I6 — 5-87 — 5.04 -484 — 4.91 — 44I — 2.05 — 2.39 — 3.76 Comb's IO, IO |-o.45 | -o.25 | o.o7 | —0.29/ -o.I x +O.I |q- |o. — o.o7 |+O.I1 — 0.59 -|0.52 — oO.I6 — o.I8 6, 2, 9 +o.o l-O. I3 1 —o.7 — ~ 371 +o o5 | —O.IO -+O.I4 | —O.OI — 0.19 |-bo.28]1 +o. 1 o+0.3I +-o. o3 6, 2, IO -o.I8 — _o.o7 — o.5o — 0.72 | —0.42 — o.54 |-o.33 1 —o.43 — o.55 — o. o91 — OOI | o-o I1-7 |- 3o~3 g 7, 2, 9 +.2 +o~z-o.3g | +o.37 |ro.30 9 -o.t1 +7g -I.OO |-I.02 |[o. 78 -+3o.65 |o~75 | 34 q-+0.52 |0'59 7, 2, 9bis — O 0.2 -- 0.08 1 _ o.o | — 0.141 0-I-35 1 0 09 J 0 32 1 O OI |- OII I 3, 9, 3, 9 Tllese four hours appear to have been employed for the daily means, the results of the combination being zero. 3 From Prof. A. Guyot's Meteorological and Physical Tables, Smithsonian Misc. Coll.; Washington, I858. Table by Dove. TABLE S OF DIFFERENCES OF MEAN TEMPERATURES. 1L49 Iiour. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Year. Philadelphia, Girard College, Penn. Lat. 39~ 58'. Long. 75 W Iot W. of G. Alt. I14 feet. June, I840, to June, I845, inclusive. _ o o oo o o o o o o o Mdn't -I.42 -2.69 - 3. I6 -396 -4~70 -5.28 -4.68 —4~34 — 4-32 -3-54 -2.29 -I.49 3-49 I. I97 -3. II — 3.8I -4. 80 — 5.32 -5.99 — 5.42 - — 494 -4.58 -3.92 — 2.43 — I.9I — 4.0I 2 -2.12 I — 3-51 4.36 — 5.60 -6.4 — 6-56 -5.98 -5.42 — 4-98 -4.50 — 2.8I — 2.27 — 4.5I 3 -2.40 -4.05 -4.66 — 5.96 — 6.72 -7.2 I — 6.48 -5.58 — 5-44 — 4.92 -3.09 — 2.57 — 4.92 4 -2.60 4 34 — 4.83 6.38 -7.38 -7.68 -6.92 -6. I4 5-76 -5.40 — 3-57 -2.85 -5.32 -2.82 — 4.5 6 — 5.63 — 6.48 — 7.26 -7.2 I-6.7 -6,24 -5. 98 — 5.82 — 3.85 -3.I7 -5.48 6 - -3.1 0 -4.84 -564 -6.o2 -5.82 -5 578 -5.64 - 5.66 -6. oo — 6. I6 -4. II 3.4I -5 ~ I s 7 — 3.22 -4.70 - 4.-99 — 4.48 — 3.70 — 3.36 — 3 34 — 3.82 — 4. I4 — 4.78 — 3-79 — 3.II — 3.95 8 -2.80 -3. I6 — 3.01 -2.44 — I42 — o.96 — I.o 8 -I-.54 1 —I.68 — 2.32 — 2.55 -2.6I [ 2. I3 9 -I.52 — I.23 — I.OI -0.46 +0o. 78 +0.97 +o +0.8 8 o.38 -o.46- +o. Io o-0.65 I.23 0 —.2xI I O o. 00oo +o. 8I +-o. 84 +rI.52| +2.36 +t2.64 [+-2.50 — 2.2o-2.54 1+ —2.26 +I.07 +-0. 3I +I.59 II +.I-33 +-2.54 +2.86 +3-30 +3.84 +4-I4 +-b4.oo +3-84 +4.22 +3.92 +2.53 I-.83'+3.20 Noon -+2.56 +-3-9I +4.34 +14.90 +-5.oo +-5 54 +'-522 4+5-I4 +5- 56 + —5-42 +3.73 +2.9I +4.52 I +3-55 +5.o5 +5.39 -+6.14 +6.04 +6.56 +-6.o6 +5.92 +6.48 +6.48 -+4.7I - 3.65 +5.50 2 +4.21 +5.68 +6. I4 i +7. 12 +6.94 +7-44 +6.80 +6.82 +7.30 +7.26 +5.391 +-4.251 +6.28 3 +4.28 5-t 595 -6-6.9 +7-738 +7.40 +7- 73 -+7.08 q -7.o6 +7-4 1+7. I8 -5-. I3 +4-403 +6-44 4 +4.05 -5.7I +6.591 +7-44 +7.60 +7-86 +-t7.o2 +6.96 +7-32 +6.9 2 +4.65 +3-651 +6.32 5 +2 73 +4-57 +5-44 - -6.58 n -7. I4 +6.96 +6.36 +5-921 +5.92 +5.06 +-3.3 | — 2.43 +5-I9 6 + I.9 I +-2.9I +3- 57 +5- I8 1+5.58 +5 62'5.02 -t4- 50 +3- 72 +2. 86 - I 791 - I 731 -+3. 70 7 -I.IO +I.72 +2-441 +2 541 +3.00 - - 3-I2 +2.88 | +2-42 +1-.52 +I.20 | +O-75 +o-g 99 +I-97 8 +0 43 +-0.44 4-I-39 +0-.52 +-o.36 -1 -o. I2 +-0.30 — 0.041 -0-72 — o.28 — o.o09 +.371 — +0.23 9 — O.I5 — o.3I -I.06 -o-0.86 — I.22 -1.53 —.T42 — I.42 -I.96 I —.30 — o 75 — 0 3 -1 -I.oo00 Io -0 I74 I - I72 -14 - 2 418 -2'I — 258 2.88'27010 -2'- I56-3 q- I'-2046'I-.25 / -9 47 I-O'95 I -I.20 — I.68 -2.13 — 3. i6 -3-80 |4-18 |-3.66 -3.38 - 3 74 - 3.22 -1-73 -0.93 - 2-74 Colllb's IO, IO — o37 — o.I5 -0o.28 -0o.29 — o..II — o.I2 - o. Io o.I -0.3I - o.0 - 0. -- o.o —o.8 -oO. I8 |6,2, 9 — 0.32 0. I8 -O. I9 0O8 — 0.3 o0.04 — 0.o9 — o.o09 — 0.22 -0.o7 +o. I8 +o0.271 +-.03 |6, 2, IO +O.I2 -- -30 1 -33 o.-0-49 -0o4I -4 05I |- 47 — o. 62 — o.45 I+OOI -+O.I2 —o.28 7, 2- 9 +[0.28 0.22 0030 +0.59 -o-67 +0.85 +o.681 +0 53 +0.40- +o.39 +o.28 +0o.37 1-+o.44 7, 2, 9bi +0-.I7 -0o.og -0.24 +0.23 +0.20 +O0.25 +O-1I5 +0.04 — O.I9 — 0.3 +0.02 |+-0.271 +-O.O8 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~9bi 3 9 3, 9+~~05 | +o-09 |-o01 o. | W +o o6 | -o-o| +o | +O.II |+0 I1 +0.26 |,-to16 |+oo5 |+-O S ~~~o.o. Washington City, Gapitol HIill, D. C. Lat. 380 53'. Long. 77~ OIx W. of G. Alt. 80 feet. Lieut. J. M. Gilliss, U. S. N. Jan. I84I, to June, I842, inclusive. o.2A.M. -2.73 -2.83 -3.60o 1-4o4 -5.25 - 6.49 -6.62 |<.20 -5.37 -3.90 _1.93 _2.20 -4.21 b2.2 -3.00 o 4-I9 4.82 | 75391 -7.II 7.28 7-3I 1 6.90 g 6.17 |5.9IO -~303 -26.547 -524 4.2 — 6.0 6.IO 83.25 -S.4 62- 5.22 339 4.9 6.2 -4 —6. I9 -8.~3 -9 8-25 -8.62 -S0 -7.o -77 61 650,4.33 -3-50 - 6.22 |6.2 - 4.36 -5.23 |-6.20 |-5.82' —4.95 - 5.o6 -4.76 -6.33 6.78 |-7- Io -493 -4'IO -5-47 8.2 |.97 -3.97 -3.80o -2.38 -0-73 j 0-3I1 -o0.2I -o.63 -2.34 -3.80 o -4.23 -3.82 -2.30 IO.2 +o028 +I.31 -I.98 I 7I| +-2.78 t+ 4.05 +2.98 +4.07 +2.95 +2.81 +0.37 -0o,30 | -2.I13 0.2 P.M. +3-38 +4.63 +5-53I | 5-.37 1 +5-93 -+ 6.oI +5-73 +6.68 + 6.59 +6. 50 +4.27 +3-50 - +5,3 2.2 D 5 S7 S4 82 54 56 71 2-2 +5.73 7.I-o +7-53 +7.67 +8.o3 1+ 8.6| +7. 85 - -8.7I |+8-43 +8.20 1 +547 +5.60 7-7.4I 4.2 | ~+50 8 +6.87 -+-7.20o'-7.89 2-8.24- Io-IO. I-k9.36 +8.07 - -8.23 +7-40 4-477 +4.90 1 +-7-34 i6.2 |+I-58 +2.8I +3 89 +4-91 +5-48 +- 3 57 +5-93 +-3-91 +4'23 -4-I44 +3-57 +2.25 +3-86 8.2 +0.38 -0o.o3 +-o.I2 -OI3 -o.62 - 1'o3 -0-47 -o.54 +O-052 -0-4o +o.47 +o0.56 |oIo. IO.2 — 0.85 -I-55.I-7I |3.19 |3-.75 - 4.62 3-84 4.o 3I -220 -0.5I I.oo -253 By means of interpolation we find the diurnal ordinates for the full hours of combination, as follows:- Comb' s IO, Io — 0.4 -O.3 — O. I -o..8 — o. 5 - 0.3 — o.4 o.O -- O2 |-O.I | —O.2 — O. |0-3 6, 2, 9 +0.4-t0.4 +0.2 |-qto I o0. |0.3 +0. 2 o. -4-0.2 |+0.4 |+0-2 6, 2, IO -— 0.2 |o-. I |-O.I — 4o4 | - ~, —o.3 — o~5 — 0.5 |-o-.3| oo0 -+-02 -0-. 2 7,2,9 |+0.7 +0o. 5 +o.6 +0o.6 09-Io l+ I-o q-O l+o.g |-o8 +o +.3 1+o-5 $+0-7 7,2,9bis +0.5 +0.3 1+o3 +0. 2 -+0.3 1+ 0.2 1+~.3 — 0.2'-O.4 I —O.'I +o.3 +o.3 + o.3 3,9,3,9 |+0o.2 10o.o. o.o — o. I $+ 0.2 o.o 1.- 1 -o+.I +0.0 _o.. I +0o.I o.o 150 TABLES OF DIFFERENCESOFMEAN TEMPERATURES. Hour. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. i Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Year. Washington CRty, U. ill. Naval Observatory.~ Lat. 380 54'- Long. 77~ 03' W. of G. Alt. IIo feet. Jan. 1862, to Dec. I869, inclusive. o o o o Mdn't — 2.12 — 2~72 — 3.0..... DI — 4.O0 —4.91 — 4.94 —5'02 — 4~'99 —4.76 —4-03 — 3.03 —I-73 — 3~.77 — 3.22 —4.02 —4.46 —6.26 —7. I7 —6.89 —6.73 —6.57 —6.36 —5.84 — 4.62 —2.8I —5.41 — 4.11 — 4.89 — 5.57 — 7.09 — 7.30 — 6.99 — 7. I6 — 7.49 — 7.35 — 7.03 — 5.56 — 3.66 — 6. I8 9 — 2.2I — 1.84 1.23 — 0.05 -t-o.66 -lr-o.9o -t-o.69 q —o. Io — [-t.53 — 0.39 — x.56 — 1.63 — 0.42 l~00n -]1-4.22 +4.55 +4.58 +5.75 +6.57 +6.74 +6.99 nt-7.3~ +7.67 -[-7.87 -[-6.62 — [-4.21 +6.09 +5.76 +6.66 +6.79 +7.79 +8.80 -t-8.22 4-$.4~ +9.52 q-9.4I +9.38 +7.56 q-5.2~ -t-7.79 +2.03 +2.73 +3-63 +4.5'5 +4.80 +4.69 +4.95 +3.98 +2.38 +2.09 q-I.83 +1.32 +3.25 9 — 0.38 — 0.43 — 0.70 — o.68 — x.47 — I.75 — 2.13 — 1.84 — 2.56 — 2.02 — 1.22 — 0.89 — I.341 1 U I 1 I t [................. Comb's I +0.09 q-o. Io +o. 20 -I-o,2o nUo. I2 +0.06 +0.30 +0.50 +0.28 +o.o41 —o.o3 -+-o.I5 3,9,3,9[ —o. oi Fort Morgan, Mobile Point, Alabama. Lat. 3~0 I4'. Long. 88~ o i' W. of G. Alt. 20 feet. I85I to Feb. I853, inclusive, June, I848 to I85o. Mdn't — I]i — I.o I —o.r — 2.4 — I.i~ I —I.8 — I.8 — 2.2 — I.~ — O.9 — 0.7 — 0.9 I —I.4 I — I — 3.4 — 2. — 2.4 — 2.2 — 2.1 — I — I.I — I.O — 0.9 — 1.8 — 1.6 — 1136 — 1.4 — I [ — 1.5 — 3.1 — 2.7 — 2.6 — 2.6 — 2.3 — 2.4 — 1.7 — I.3 — 1.2 -— z2. I — I.8 — 2.0[ — 1.9 — 4.1 — 3.2 I — 2.8 — 2.8 — 2.7 — 2.8 — 2.3 — 1.7 — 1.7 — 2.5 i — 2. I — 2.3/ —2.7[ —3. I — 3.51 —2.6 — 3.2 — 2.8 — 3.4 — 3.O — 2.2 — 2.1 — 2.8 — 2'4 — 2'81 —3'1 I —3'3 — 3'7 l —2'9 — 3'3 — 3.0 — 3.8 — 3.4 — 2.6 — 2.4 — 3.1 6 — 2.6 — 3.2 [ —3.61 —3.4 — 3.61 —2.6 — 2.8 — 2.6 — 4.1 — 3.6 — 3.2 — 2.6 — 3.2 — 3'I — ~. — 3.4 — 3-6/ — 3'3 I —2'x — 2'6 1 —I'5 — 1.8 2.0 — 3.1 — 2.9 — 2.7 87 — I.9 I —2.5 / —2.2 } — I.I — 1.5 I — 0.2 ~ —0.9 — 0.8 — 2.4 — 2.6 — 2.6 — 2.2 — 1.7 — 0.7 / —O.8 [-+-O.X — O.3 [-1-O.9 [~-O.2 -1-O.3 — O.7 — X.3 — X.7 — X.4 19! —O.8 +0.5 +0.3 /q-O. 2 I+x.4 +O.71+2.O I q-I.3 4-I.7 +0.8 O.O — O. 6 — O.I ~O:~ XX q-~.6 I q —X.5 [ q-X.3 [ +2.5 I -Jr-x.5 1+2.5 ] — ]-2.8 +2.8 -1-2.O -}-I.O +0.5 +0.9 q-X.7 [1 Noon +2.3 1+2.5 [ -}-2.3 /+3.6 I q-2.4 I-t-2.91+3.2 +3.5 +2.8 q-2. x q-x.6 — ~-i.5 -}-2.6 +2.8 1+3.2 [ +2.7 / -]-4'I I +3.5 14-3.2 I +4.0 14-4.2 +3.6 +2.9 — [-2.5 -~-2.3 +3.3 ~t 2 I q-3. x 1+3.7 I q-3. x /-[-4.3 [ q-4.~ 1+3.41 +4.3 I q-4. I -t-4. o +3.7 +3.4 +3.0 +3.7 t+3. x 1+3.5 [ +3.4 /-}-4.3 [ +4.3 I-!-3.3 I.-t-3.6 1+3-4 +4.4 +3.9 +3.8 +3.3 +3.7 ~1 [ +2.8 [+3.0 [ +3.3 [+4.2 [ +3.9 1+2.9 I +3'0 1+3.~ +4.0 +3.7 q-3.5 +2.8 +3.3 ~1 1+2.4 /+2:7 /+2.81 +2.7 ] +x.9 [ +x.9 1+2.2 +3.3 +2.7 +2.5 q-I.9 ~-2.4 -t-I.7 [-~x.x / q-x.4 ] q-~.4 ['+1.5 I +1.6 1 -3FI.I I'q-X.O I -q —I.I +1.8 q-x.4 -{-x.5 — ~1.2 — [-i.3 ~] +0.7 [ -~-o.6 I 4-0.6 I -t-~'5 i —o.2 ['-t —~'7 I o. o1 o.o -t —o.8 +0.8 q —x.x -1 —o.8 +0.5 [] 78 / —}-o.2 [+0.3 I +0.3 [ q-o.i — i.o +0.6 40.6 +0.5 ] q-o.x ] -1-o. 1 I q- I —o.6.1 —o16 0:3 i __0.9 I —0'9 ~ —o. 2 / O.O / — 0.3 I —I'5 +0.2 -q-o.2 — ~o.2 — 0.2 +0.3 9 / —~'3/ —~'4/ —~'3 / 0.8 — o. 61 —I.5 I —~.~ I —~.7 — 0.7 +o.x — o.i q-o.x — 0.6 i 61 i t2o 04 03i _~~ ~ ~ ~ ~. _ Comb's / o/o 1o 12 xo, xo / -]-o.x / ~-~/ o.o 1+o. 3 o.o I q-o. 2 [ q-o.x j o.o o.o o.o — 0.3 o.o o.o 6,2, 9 ~ +0.2 I — ~-o.x [ —0.2 [-t —o, 2 +0.2 [ o.o / -I-o.2 / o.o o.o -]-o.I -1-o.x +0.2 6,2, IO [-Juo. I ] O.O / —o. 3 / o.o I —O.2 ] -1-O.I [ —O.I — 0.3 q-o.I o.o +o +0.2 — ~o:I,29 oo o o o +o61+o: +olo, +02 +o3 +o,+o3, +o O.O / — o., o.o +0.4 +0.4 o.o 0.2 — 0.2 — ]-O.I -q-O. -3f-O.I -1-O. 1 ~ -1 —O. 1 7; 2, 9,9, o +0.2 — t-O.2 -1-O. I 6 — o.i — ~-O. 2 +O. 13 -q-O. I'3i-O. I -J-O. -[ —0. I O. O f+o I The differences in this table depend on the assumption that the mean of 8 equidistant observations represents the dafiy mean, which is only an approximation to the truth. _ ~.............~.......~..~.~...... i! --!,,,.....,,.... h,'..........,......... m TABLES E O F DIFFERENCEE NC ES O F MtA~ aN TEMPERATURES. nE s 151 I-lour. Jan. Feb. Mar. April. May. Julie. July. AuT. Se p t Oct. NOV. Dec. Year. Galveston, TIexas. Lat. 29' 98'. Long. 94' 47'W-tT of G. Alt. 20 feet. June, 185I. to Feb. 1853, inclusive. Aldn't — I.0 — I3 — 2.6 -2-4 — 2.6 -iI.8 -0-7 -I —13 -1I~9 — 3.0, ~. 2 -3. 0 -I-. -O 2 ~1 — ~I~5 -2.0 -2.2 ~ ~I ~,,1-~22 -~ -i.6 -z. iI 3 -I-I7 — 2.2 -3jI,I,,I7,, -2.6 -.8~ -2.0o -1~3 4 -2. 1 -44~5 -44~1 -33I — 4.2 — 2.4 -1I.7 5 — 2. 5 — 2. 6 -44~3 i,I~ -5.I -3.2 -4~0 -2.7 - 2.2 — 2.6 —. -~ ~ -3 -~2 — 2. -2.6 -2. 7 — 2- 5 -22.3 -2. 8 -1. I,I,I -1.2 +I. I -][.6 — 2.6 8 — 1~55 -0- 8 +0- I +0- 5 +I-3 +3-2 +I-I5 -1-8 -. —o. 6 $-I.3 +3.2 Jri.6 +3-0 +4.2 +$2.9 -t0o. I 0 +2.0 +2. 7 +5-2 +I. o +3-9 +4.2 +3-5 +1-8 I 1 +2.66 +3-5 +5- 7 +2- 5 +3-8 +3~9 +2-7 +1-8 Noon +2.6 +3-3~ +4-9 J2. 2 +3-3 +3-9 +2. I -tI. 1 +2-~6 -t3.2 +33~9 2- 5 +3-32 +33~8 3-9 +2.0 2 2 —24 +33~0 +3-8 -t3s0 +2- 7 +333 +I.9 +2.02~ 3 +2-23 +2.6 +3-0 +44.0 +2-3 +2.6 $1.8 -2.0 4 +2-23 +2.2 $-2.6 +-5.2 +1-9 +I-4 +-i.6 +I-7 5 + i.6 +I-I2 +i- +35 + i - i o. 6 +0. 9 $1.2 6 $-o.9 +o- 6 +0o~4 +0.2 ~ +0- 5 -00~4 +004 +o. 8 7 d-0~4 +10.2 -00.5 -I-i.i 17 -00~5 -00~9 -0. 3 +0-4 8 0-0 -00~3 -1I~I -I- 3 -1I~3 -0.9 0.0 9 -0-.5 -0- 7 -ir.6 -i. 6 -i.9 -1.2 -0.2 10 -o- 6 -o- 9 — 2.1,I... r I —I. 8 -2.. -i6 -o. 6 I I -0..8 — I. 1 -2.2 (,I,,I. -2.2 — 2.2 - I1 7 -00. 7 Comib's 7, 2, 9 -0..2 0.0 — 0.2 0 -I., I.1 100 -e0. a -00~3 -00~3 7,'21 9 W. -03 -0.2 -0-5 — 0.4 -t0. 1 -0-.5 -0.2 33 9, 3,9 -0O~I 1 ~0.2 +0.22 +0-3 -t0.3 +0-4 $-0.2 Key W~estt, Florida. Lat. 240 33'. Long. 8IO 48' W- of G. Alt. 20 feet. June, July, Aug. Oct. Dec. 185 1, Jan. to May, inclusive, I 852. Mdn't -i.6o -I1~54 -2z-03 - — I95 -2 —246 -I-I84 )-2.22 - -145 -I — 36 ) -I. 27 -0o, 73 -0. Ig — I~55 -1 —I58~- zo — 07 -23 -2.80 -i. 86 -2.07 -1-16 1-r56 -0. —.4.1 —.12 -I? 2 -i. 65 ) -2. o6 1-2.03 1 -2.24 -2-2 75 -2. I 9 -22~32 -II-90 -1-70 -1-5I -0- 80 -0- 08 -1I~77 3 -I- 76 -2 —244 ) -2.20 1 -2-3I —2.91 — 2.28 -2-51 -2.15 -1.8 83 - I-5I -0. 89 -0..27 — r.92 41 -1I.92 — 2-56 -2- 35 -22.32 -33~09 -2- 54 — 2.80 — 2.28 -1I~93 -I- 59 -1.~02 -00~45 -2.~07 5 -22.36 -33~o6 -22~78 -2- 71 -33~65 -2.6i -3-09 — 2.6,i — 2.27 -1-9I -1I~44 -o. 96) 2-46 — 2 3 -30 -2.90 -2.64 i -3.28 1 -2 3 -2.90 -225 — 2.23 1 -I.96 - -- 78 - Y. 6 i -2 7 -22~44 -33~01 — 2.24 -i.66 -1I~07 -1I36 1 —I 333 -I- 57 -II~4S -1~40. -1I~59 -1I78 - I 74 8 -1-90 -11.85 - 0-o 56 - 0-o 4 -P1-0r-o. i6 +0-34 +0-01 -0. I I -0.22 -0-o 76 -I- I30 -0-47 9 — 0.26 — o.oi +1.02 +0-095 + -2.28 +I-PI4 + 1-I3S +0-78 +0-72 +o.67 $0-18 -0-032 +0-7I Io ~o. 82 $-1.34 +t2.09 +I.66 +22.77 +2.17 +-2.14 $-1.40 +1-35 +1-3-0 +0-8I +00~33 +-I~51 11 +1-71 +2. i6 +2.67 +1-94 +33~02 $-227 +22.44 Jy1.82 +II~75 +i. 68 + I.28 +0. 89 19 n Iterolaedvalesthemen o Au. ad ct.forSet, nd he ea ofOct an Dc.Ior97v 152E TABLES O aF DlFFE RENCES OF MEAN TEMPEI IATU P IE S. r~~ ~ IHour. a. Feb. Mar. Apr~ hlL. May Jule. July. Augqu. Sept. Oct. NdIov. Dec. Ylear. Key WP;F;estk.-ContinIued. Noon + 2. I 6, 2.66 + $2. 88 + 2. i 6 +2.-. 9I +2.262 qt-2.67 I -1 ~85 i +-1.82 +I- 180 -I 149 +1. I H7 $2. 18 +2-t2 79 +2- 275 +3-12 +2.6,~7 +3$-302 +2.82~2 +3.i-323 1 2 —236 +2.27 +2.1 —2~8 — L, I.67 + 1-15 + 2~5 2 +2.97 +2.t2S7 +3 —330 +2.88 1 3-312 +2.64 $1 $3.o6 1 2-43 +26-232 +2.tz22 + 1-.75 I +I.2S +2. 57 3 +3.~24 + 3- 3 0 +3.t320 -+2.94 +2.94 +2- 76 / 3r302 +2 —240 +2.-227 +2.12~4 1 -- I79 i 1-144 +2.62 6 4 +3-3I +3.366 +3-o3~6 + $2.66' +2."83 1 2-274 +2.6i +22.30 +2. Ig J1 r99 +I- I73 l+1~46 +2-2 54 5 3-2~79 +33~32 +2.44 -4-2~5 5 -2~44 +2.29 +~2.S6 +2.04 $I-76 + I ~49 +I-I23 -C~. 96 +2. i6 6 +134 +i.96 $1.23 +2.22 + -2.28 / +I-57 1 1-I34 +I.CI43 +O-095 O-47 0.71to25 +O-04 +1.26Z 7 -t0o 14 1 0-058 -0030 +0.30 -0 —007 i 0-014 I o-0o6 1 Ot43 + to15 -O- I4 -0 —032 -0-49 +O -to04 -0~334 - - I 5 - -.98 - -. 65 -o~9i -O. go -O.62 -0~[ -0.24 -00~33 -0~43 — ~3 -05 9 -0.5y8 -0-o49 - 1-I11 -0o-95 -1r33 -II~44 -I-09 -O. 6o -O- 57 -O- 53 -00~43 -0.33 -O-o 79 1 0 -0. 9S -0-90 -1~57 -II~41 -1-83 -1I~78 -1-71 -cI.02 -0.92 -00.83 -00.48 — 0.i4 -II~13 I 1 -1.~39 -1.25 -I. 86 -1I~70 — 2.28 -1-78 — 2. o6 — I. i8 -I. II -I.04 -O- 56 -O. og — 1.36 Comlb's 10, 10 -0. 08 1 0o.22 1 $0.26 +O+. I 2 ( O-047 1 — O.I9 t0.2I + FO. 19 +0.2I -t —0 23 +O. i6 j +o0og ) O. ig 6, 2, 9 +0.01 -0.o23 i -0.24 -0.24 -O- 50 -O0.3)7 -00.31 — 0.23 — O. i -O. og -0-15 — 0.22 — 0.23 6, 2, 10 -0-.13 -O-3) 7 -0. 39 -o.0.39 -o.66G -00.48 -o- 52 -0-o.37 -0.28z -0. 19 -0. 17 i -o. i6 -0-o34 7, 2, 9 -0.02 -0.21) — 0.02 +0.09 + Q0. 24 - 0-05 -.2)t00 1-~ g/ —~oi-oc o 81aoo 7, 2, 9 bi -O. 6 -0.28 -0.29g -O. I7 -0o.15 -00.40 -O. I1 -00.08 -0o-07 — o. o -0-17 -0.29 -— O. 9 3, 9,3,9 +O. i6 +~o.og $-0.23 +O. i6 Jy0.24 +O-004 +t0.20 +0.11 +O-15 +o. i.g +O. I 6 +O-13 +O-IS5 Rio Janeirpo, Brazil, S. Am~.' Lrat. -22' 54'. Long-. 43' o/ W. of G. Fort Villegagnon (Con. des Temps, IS70)Mdnt -~o -023 0.9 1 -0.2 o.6 - 6 Mn 0.00 -00~59 -0-1402 -oIlto. 9-.9 06 -0-38 -0-32 -1 ~I1 15'5 -00.47 — 0.74 -II~51,,Ig80 -0-90 -1-13 -o- 56 -1-85 I 31 1 -I.04 -0-o97 1 -1-76 i -I-3I1 -I.~242 -i.64 — 2.4I -2.48 -i-.64 j -2.12 -I53 -2- 75: -2') -iI.69 - -. 64 -; 2-32 -2.05 1 -2.03 3 -2.~50 -3- I 1 -33~02 — 2.32 -2.~93 -22~43 -33~47 — 2.66 — 2.27 -2.21 -275-2.66 -2-70 4 -33.08 -3 —390 1 -3.24 -2- 79 -3 —338 -33~04 1 -3 S7 -3 —304 -2-2 59 -25 -~9 -2.99 o6-30 -322 -2.90 - -2.66 -2 -793 -2~ -3-08 -3.9. 3-5 -340-3.29 3. Sj4 -3-08 52 - -2.9 7 -22~30 -2.21 1-2.14 -22.30 — 2.48 -2. 84 -2- 70 — 2.25 ) 2.00 -1.82 - 16 2 21-22 8 -I.49 -II~49 -I —40 -II.71 -1I.85 -2.-g -i.~96 -i.6o -1-I46 - 1-.28 -0o-90 -1~40 - -- 58 9 -O. 68 -O. 72 -O- 59 -1-04 — I-I5 -1.82 -1-15 -O. go -O. S6 -O.6S -0-14 -O i 59 -o. 86 IO -pO.07 +-05o +0.23 -0 —032 - 0-050 -I-I3 -00.32 -O- 23 -O0. IS -00.05 +O-56 +0.23 -0-14Iq II +O- 77 + O. 86 $-i.oi +O-45 0.o23 -00~32 +O-50 0-0~0 +0~54 +~O. 59 + 1. 2>2 + I. o. +o+.6i Noon $-I~40 I+I~G4 ~-I~7I +1.22 $-0.99 +O. 65 +1-31 -fI. ig + ~I. 6 + I. 22 +1.80 + 1. S2 I~3 I +-2.00 ( 2-230 +2.30 +I-94 +I.71 +i.-I67 +2. i6 +i+1.i + I.89 +I.78~1 +22 32 +2-243 +2.-203 2 3-2.41 +2.75 +-2.66 +2-41 2.30 +2,48 +t2.88 +2.48 4-2jql —34 +2. i6 +2.66 2.81+2.52 3 +2- 59 +2.S8 +2.84 +2.66 i?.66 +2.~99 +3.340 + 2.84 +2-.50 +2.2a~7 +2$-z 79 +.S6 +2- 777 4 +2-.45 +2-270 +t2.77 +2.57 +2- 275 -t3~04 +,. 6o +~2.93 -t2~36 +2.12. +2.66 + ~2._S i $2.70 +2.05 +2-230 1 2.50 +2.21 +2.54 +2 1) +2. ~-26S + 2.00 -1I~78 +2.25 + $2.09 -12.39J 6 +I- 51 +1.8t2.2 +2.12 1.76 +-2.21 +2.23 -P3.04 +-2.23 + 1-55 + 1-37 +.I67 / -CP49 + J - 9~9 7 +1-04 +1.-I40 I+I.67 +1.28 +1.89 1-.76 2-39 i. 67 +1.13 1+1.04 +1.08 +O-99 +1 )d-448 6-0.72 JyI.I3 I+1.22 — O i.~I 67 +I I2 l. 5 -t~I3 i 0L~83 +O-77 +O-059 (OG Cro 9 +o~59 13-0.92 +O-77 +00 ~ 72 11I44 +1.26 +1.22 +O-.70 i -o.6i -I —O.6i +O-14~ +O-38 +O —o79 10 +O-o56 +o+.63 1 +0.25 +O-52 +1-13 +1-13 ) + 59 +O-32 j O-041 t0.45-1-.3 IdOI 05 I 1 $-0-4i +Oo14 -00~36 +-0.25 +O. 63 +-0. 86 -0-og) -0-09 -o.og +(o.i61 -o.65 -0-o.14 -o. Og Comnb's IO, IO +0~3' -1-034 ) $ 24 +O-10 Io O S 31 0.00 +0-13, to.o04 tO. 11 +0.20 1 o. i6 f-O.14 + t-. IS I'- - I I - _ I - -V I I. 4 - __ I4 - __ I - -0. I I - 30 I I - -.. 1 I — I T Q I f_~Y $ -1 -~ -J-,-i - ) -7 I L-0N T1 1.TABLEL ES OF DIFFERENCES ON r Es 0F MEAN~ TEMPERATURES unE. 153 For syst~ematic comparison of the law of the diurnal fluctuation we present the resulting hourly numnbers, on the yearly average as contained in the table of differences, in an aznaly'tical form, makiag lzse of Bessel's per~iodic fuanction-1l t A + B, sin (8 + Ci) + B2 Sin (2 0 +- C2) + BE, sin (3 + Q~ + etc. See Bessel's paper in the Astronoinische N~achriebten, No. 136 (M~iay, 1828). His first publication on the sub ect is contained in the Literary Gazxette -of Jena, in 1814. See also a memrroir by Mil. A. Bravais in " Voyages en Scandinavie, en Laponie, au Spitzberg et aux Feroe, pendant les ann~es 1838, 1839) et 1840, Wtt~orologie." An extract is given by M. J. H~aegliens in the 11 Annuaire M~teorologique de la France pour 1850 7 p. 9 3. Seeals Sr 6 Hrscel' dtice,"Meteorology'l in the Enc~vclopwedia Britannica. Reprint, p. 144. The general forniulwe given in this article, when applied to the case of 24 equidistant observations in a cycle, change into the following expressions, which were employed for the numerical computations: - -= FT (Y, Y2 + Y3 + +'- Y24) 12 al = 0- 966 (Y1 - Y11 - Y13 + Y23) + 0.8-66(Y2y - Y10 - Y14 + Y22)+ 0. 70'7 (Y3 - Y9 - Y15 + Y21) +- 0.5 00 (y4 - Y8 - Y16 - Y20) 3 0.25s9 (Y1 - Y7 - y,17 + Y19) - Y12 + Y24 12 b, 0. 259 (Y1 + Y,, - Y13 Y23,) + 0 500 (Y2 + Y10, - Y14 - Y22) + 0O.i707(Y3~y +Y9-, - Y15Y21 +t 0.866 (y ty,,)+ 0. 9, 6 (y5 + yj - y17 - Y19) +t Y6 -- Y1 B,=~~\/,~$~~ and tan C.-a r aa,'8666 (Y1_Y5_ Y7 + Y11 + Y1 3- Y17- Y19 + Y23) 05 (y2- Y4 Y8 + Y10 + Y1 Y16 Y2 + Y22) - Y6 +~ Y12 - Y t8 + Y24 12 b 2 = 0.500 0(y, + Y5 - Y7 - Y11 + Y13 + Y17 Y19 Y23) +0 0 8 6 6 (Y2 + Y4 - Y8 - Y10 +- Yu+ Y16 Y20o Y22) +t Y3 -- Y9 + Y~15 _~Y21 12 a' 07:0 (Y1 - Y3 - Y5 + Y7 + Y9 - Y11 - Y13 + Y,,5 + Y17 - Y19 - Y21 + Y23), -- Y4 + Y58 -- Y12 + Y16 -- Y20 + - Y24 12b3 " 0. 707(yY 1 Y3 — Y5 —Y, -Y9 YY,3- Y13 —Y15 f-Y17 -+Y19 _~Y21 -Y23) +r Y2 — Y6 + Y1 -- Y14 + Y18 -- Y22 12 a4 == 0. 500 (Yl. - Y2, - Y4 + Y, + Y7 Y8y - Y10 + Yy,, + Y13 - Y14 -- Y16 + Y17 + Y19 Y20 - Y22 + Y23) -- Y3 + Y6 -- Y9 + Y12 Y15 + Y18 - Y21 + Y24 12 b4==0.8666 yY 1- Y2 yY4-yY5 yY7y -Y8, -- y,, Y y,, Y 3,,Y-4yY — y, $- Y, 9 Y2 — Y22 -Y 23) etc. The values B 2B3 B4.. and C2 C3 C4. are found in a similar manner as B, and C,. For 12 equnidistatnt observationss in a cyle, as in our bi-hourly series, we use the formulm:: A -,,(y, y.,) 6 a, 0.866 (y, Y yY5,Y7- Yl $- 0500 (y2 - Y4 yY8(-Y],)-Y(; +Yy2 6 b, 0'0 Y1YYY1 0866 (Y2 + y, y 8 3 Y10) + Y 3, - Y9 6 a2 0.5 O yl 2-Y i+Y5+Y7Y8 YI +Yll)Y3+Y6-y9+Yl 6 k, 0. 8 6 (u, — u - u, - v, -4- U - y m - U,- y - U...),3 Y Y - 154 TABLES OF DIFFERENCES OF MEAN TEMPERATURES. We retain three periodic terms as generally sufficient for our purpose. The angle 0 counts from midnight at the rate of 15~ an hour; at those stations where the observations were not made at the full hours, the angles C,, 2, C3 were changed in the expression for t in order to refer them to the same epoch. The table also contains the latitude (p), the longitude (X), the elevation (2) of the station, and the number of years (n) of observation. The column headed T contains the annual mean temperature or the mean of the twelve monthly averages. Numerical quantities in Bessel's function for the DAILYfluctuation of temperature, on the yearly average. STATION. h n h B1 C1 B2 C2 B3 C3 feet I Van Rensselaer Harbor.. 78~37 7~0053 6 I - 2~.47 1.86 243~I9/ o0.18 I58~.6 0.03 30I~ 2 Port Foulke...... 78 I8 73 00oo 6 I + 5.86 1.57 235 08 0.02 I95-. 3 o. II I48 3 Port Kennedy..... 72 OI 94 I4 4 I + I.89 1.98 254 04 o.I9 8I.O o.I5 264 4 Boothia Felix....... 69 59 92 oI 4.. + 3.68 2.82 247 24 0.40 58.5 o.09 I94 5 Sitka... 57 03 I35 20 20 I3 43.o3 3.46 239 59 o.66 66.6 o.0o9 33o 6 Montreal....... 45 3I 73 34 57 2 44-73 5. I9 22I 54 0.94 42.8 o. 12 I04 7 Thunder Bay Island... 45 02 83 I7 6Io 2 42.83 4.o6 233 I9 o.67 66.4 o. I7 IoI 8 Toronto....... 43 39 79 23 342 6 44. I8 5.61 232 04 0.84 5902 0.48 41 9 Mohawk....... 43 00oo 75 02 435 6 44.84 5.63 216 20 I.I9 33-7 0.24 357 IO Cambridge...... 42 23 7I o7 7 I 47-37 6.57 236 07 1.52 62. I 0.26 5 II Amherst....... 42 22 72 34 267 I 47.23 6.84 230 I6 I.49 65-7 0.08 3I7 I2 New Haven...... 41 I8 72 57 45.. 49.0oi 6.75 23 I 5 I.39 65.8 0.29 22 13 Brooklyn.... 40 4I 73 58 I25 I 51.00 4-94 23I 30 I.OI 67. I o. Io 243 I4 Frankford Arsenal.... 40 ~00 75 04 24 I 52.66 6.96 232 54 I.I4 5I.I 0-.5I 53 I5 Philadelphlia...... 39 58 75 Io 114 5 5I.35 5-77 224 50 0.93 40.9 o.34 34 I6 Jackson....... 39 o02 82 32 700 I 50.90 9.28 237 4I 2.24 57.4 O.68 39 I7 Washington,. C. 38 53 77 03 IIo 53 2 2 17 I 6. 49-6 0.2 3 3 35352 6.72 227 2I 1.61 49.6 o. 3 I 8 Fort Morgan...... 30 I4 88 oI 20 I 70.24 3.o6 222 16 0.90 54.9 0o07 95 I9 Key West....... 24 33 8I 48 20 I 76.63 2.48 234 58 0.55 60.4 0.35 26 20 Rio Janeiro...... -22 54 43 09.... 73- 75 2.68 205 20 0.42 83.6 0.22 IIO A better insight into the systematic character of the co-efficients and epochal angles, as far as they depend upon the latitude and local conditions, can be had by a combination of the results into groups. The hourly values for the stations forming a group were combined into mean values, and then submitted to the numerical process, which produced the following results: — Types of the daily fluctuation of the temperature on the yearly average. Group I. The four Arctic stations. mm- 74~0.7 m, =- 829.5. 4 years. t +- 2~.23 + 2~.11 sin(0 - 2430.6) + 0~.14 sin(2 0 + 660.3) -t+ 0.04 sin (3 0 +- 216~). Group II. The Alaska station. -57~.1;t = 135~.3. 13 years. t - + 43.03 + 3.46 sin (0 +- 240.0) + 0~.66 sin (2 a + 66~.6) + 0.09 sin (3 0 + 330~). Group III. Four stations in Canada and Northern New York. (po=44~'3 Zm-= 77~.8. 16 years. t + q- 44~.14 + 5~.08 sin (0 +- 225~.5) + 0~.89 sin(2 0 q- 48~.2) -{ 0.21 sin (3 0 +- 50~). TABLES OF DIFFERENCES OF MEAN TEMPERATURES. 155 Group IV. Four stations in Mass., Conn., and N. Y. )m 41~.7 Am 79~.6. Morethan 4 yea rs. t - + 48~.65 + 6~.27 siln(O + 232.7) +t- 1~.38 sin(2 0 + 61~.1) +- 0.10 sin (3 0 +- 3590). Group V. Three stations in Penn. and Dist. of Col. ()m- 39~.6 Am- 75~.8. 15 years. t + 530.38 + 6~.55 sin (0 + 2280.7) + 1o.27 sin (2 0 + 480.1) +- 0.35 sin (3 0 + 36~). Group VI. Two Gulf stations. m- 27~.4 m -— = 840.9 - 2 years. t + -t730.44 + 2~.75 sin(O -+- 2270.8) + 00.70 sin(2 0 + -t-57~.5) +t- 0.17 sin (3 0 + 31~). The hourly means from which these expressions were derived are contained in the following table: — Observed Daily fZuctuation of temperature, on the yearly average, for groups of stations. I. I. III. IV. V. VI. I. II. III. IV. V. VI. C, k, | MU 2 $ d > U' g' 1 H7'' - /: X ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~? a, Fl ~ ~ iX d Cd 9i HOUR. HOUR. 9 - ~ -. 9 o 3- 5. + I 3 I.8 2.9 - 4-4 - 5-4 -5-5 -2.2 3n En. +35+En+. 7 3 5 ~~~~~~-d I.4, -2.9 -49.r62285i.2+.I+s+ 54+. 6 I.0 -24 -44 5- 5-7lp 2.8 6A +07 I2T. +. 35 F4 hi) r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i b c;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ )' z; Z~ 7 ~ 5 I.7 3-4 - 4 -4'3 2. 7: +. +0. +og 9d. +. -4 0. 00 +0 I -4 -- Pc 24 F9 21. ~-1 ~( O 0 4-1 4C,., t-: tn 4Midn't -I.8 -2.4 +-29 -3.9 -38 -1.5 Noon +2.0 +3I7 I4.2 t6. I 5.-6 2-2.4 I — I.9 — 2.71 -3.34 -4.44 -44~4 -i.8 1 +2.2 +4-0 +5-0 +7-0 -6.7 1+2.9 2 -2.0 -2.9 1 -4.0 — 5.0 -4.~9 1-2.0 2 +2-3 +3-99 +5.6 +7-3 -7~4 1+3-1 3 -i..8 — 2.9 -44~4 1.-5.4 -5.~5 1-2.2 3 +y2.0 $-3,5 +5-57 +6.9 +7-4 1+3-1 4 -I1.6 -3.0 +.+28 | -54 7 -6.+ io-2.4 4 +.6 +2.9 -53 |-+58 |6.8 +2.9 5 -1.4 -2,.9 ~ —4-9 -55~8 — 6.2 1-2.8 +1+.2 +t2.1I +4.3 -t4~3 +~ +2-3 6p_1ete2.4 -the4 h r-5y3 -5le7 b-o2.8 t6 ey0u7 b com.2 bined into5 g3-o5 Fr Iko 7~ - 0 5 -I'~7 1-3.4 -4.~0 -4.3 1-2.2 7 -0. 2 +0-.3 +1.5 -to0 9 +1-7 1+0-3 8 +o. i -o. 6 -i. 9 — 2.0 — 2.2 — 1. 1 8 — 0. 3 — 0.5 +0.2 — 0. 4 — 0.2 1-0.2 9 -+0o.7 +0-~7 -0.~4 +0-4 0.0 + I. 1 9 -0..7 -1.2 — 0. 8 -1.5 -I-5 1-0. 5 IO 0 1~2 +I. 8 +1-4 +2-5 + -2.2 [+I.I 10 — I. 1 -1.'7 -i.6 ~-2.4 — 2.5 -o. 8 +i.~I6 + 2-. g +2.8 +4-7 +4-1 Ii.8 I I -2I5 ~.. —a2 -.2 -3.3~ I-~~ At several'stations, interpolation, graphical or analytical, was required to complete the hourly values before they could be combined into groups. Frankford Arsenal and Philadelphia values were united into a mean and then combined with the Washington values. By means of the equations we~ readily find the following times of greatest, least, and average heat of the day and of the daily range, on the yearly average. 156 TA3LES OF DIFFERENCES OF MEAN TEMPERATURES. Max. at Min. at Mean at P.M. A. M. A. M. P. M. Rne. Group I... Ih3Im Ih56m 8h om 7h32m 4 *3 II... I 20 3 43 8 28 7 24 7.2 III... 2 38 4 3I 9 I2 8 II Io.6 IV... I 46 4 24 8 53 7 42 13.I V... 2 28 4 28 9 oI 7 54 I3.6 VI... 2 I2 4 54 9 04 7 49 5-9 Mean III, IV, V 2 I7 4 28 9 02 7 56 I2.4 The results of the daily fluctuation, as given above, may be summed up as follows:The daily range diminishes from about latitude 40~ in either direction north or south. The precise latitude of maximum range cannot yetbe given. Diagram A shows the extremely snmall ranges in latitude 750~ and in latitude 270, the former produced by the small range in the sun's altitude during the Arctic day, the latter by the equalizing effect of the aqueous vapor near the Gulf coast notwithstanding the sun's great daily range in altitude near the tropic of cancer. Diagram B shows the large daily range for the stations comprising groups ~iV and V, and the somnewhat smaller one for group III. DIAGRAM B.. Md't 2 4 6 8 Io N. 2 4 6 8 Io Md't -80 ON —'- i!;' - DIAGRAM A. 7 Md't 2 4 6 8 lo N. 2 4 6 8 lo M'dt 6 +440 ~ 3 L~at. 270 2 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Lat. 750 2 3 j~j=8 —-~-~~:S~=~J~=~.._._~:!-~~ Lat 44o — 4 4' — Lat. 4oO -6 The greatest heat of the day is reached earlier in the high than in the low la~titudes; with the mean annual temperature near or below^ the freezing point, the +rarrnest time of the clay is about 1- P. MI., in the middle and lower latitudes this epoch changes to 2A P. M. The greatest depression in the daily fluctuation occurs in the Arctic regions about two hours after midnigrht, ill the temperate zone about TABLES OF DIFFERENCES OF MEAN TEMPERATUJRES. 157 4, A. M. or about one hour and a half before sunrise. The epochs of mean daily temperature are subject to less variations with respect to latitude than the epochs of the daily extremes. In the Arctic regions the mean temperature of the day is reached about 8 A. MV1. in the temperate legions about 9 A. M., and again about 7- P. M. and about 8 P. M. respectively. The material for the discussion of the daily fluctuation for stations in the Mississippi valley and in the western states and territories is yet wanting. The annual variation in the range of the daily fluctuation is shown in the following table. From want of completeness in the records the tabular numbers, in many instances, are the result of interpolation, and they can only be considered as close approximations. Monthly means of the RANGE of the daily fluctuation. GROUP I. GROUP II. GROUP III. GROUPS IV & rV. GROUP VI. Arctic Regions. Alaska. Canada and N. Mass., Conn., Gulf Coast. New York. Penn., D. of C. 4 Stations. I Station. 4 Stations. 6 Stations. 2 Stations. 0 0 0 0 0 January.. I2 3.I 6.3 Io04 6.0 o February.... 3.0 5.4 8.9 II.2 7.0 March..... 9.2 7.9 Io.9 I3.6 6.6 April..... 8.6 9.8 I2.o I4.8 7. I May....... 8.6 Io.9 14.0 I7.0 7o4 June..... 7.8 II.3 I4.9 I7.2 5.8 July...... 5.7 io.6 I5-4 I5.8 6.9 August......4.2 9.2 I4.6 I4.9 6. I September.... 3. 5 8.4 I2.5 i6.6 6.5 October.... 2.2 4.8 Io0. 3 I6.2 5.8 November..... I.7 3.4 5.9 II.I 5.4 December..... I.o 2.1 5 3 9.8 4X7 I Omitting Brooklyn as too irregular. DIAGRAM C. DIAGRAM D. 16~ I ace- 7 a-L- 1 -- 1 -6 S-is- — ~ tr I4 14'I Io __ 1-X-13?_.WEB-1 1 — /4H-~-1-"~-~~ ~_ ~~*~~~ —':_.__Grp 6 2[_~ G-op lo-I H tI. 6 1 —2!~~ —-] —= —— q~-N -~_ It __ GrI~ 41- _ ___ _ - I GX iu I. 4 31-_ II_-__ Grou 6 1 2r —- Group I IV&8 V. 8 8 4 t~] —1 --- 1~8~1L~ — ~ I~ a reGl-ou II. 4TT - l >1-1 —-i-| _|- 1mGrcoup I. - i<'~. a~ | o 0 C:g > S 3 2 d 98 E Ad 0 State, 4 U or Territo 4 - 4 C 4 PL4 4 P:4 M, Pr4 PT Latitude... 3204~/ 35~o6/ 30045' 35~43/ 3I~40/ 33~36/ 32~46/ 3I~58/ 4100~o7 Longitude., Io7 9og IO6 38 I05 00 Io09 Io IIo 55 I07 o00 II4 44 I00oo I2I 29 Altitude (feet). 45oo 5032 372 65oo 533 4576 0 I2 339 50.) 3710 533O 457 200 ]212o0[39o[. No.'~f yearst oof ecl d~ }*' 4 7 I 7 2 4 7 7 2 of record January'.. 26~ 27~ 37~ 24~ 27~ 26~ 22~ 23~ I5~ 24~ February.. 3 I 26 35 23 28 28 25 24 1 3 25 March.... 3~ 3 41 25 32 27 24 26 I 6 27 April.... 34 31 I0 25 29 29 24 26 24 28 April.... 34 31 0 May.... 36 34 29 24 25 22 22 i9 20 25 June.... 34 29 2I 27 23 22 22 20 2I 25 July..... 27 25 13 I9 13 20. 20 20 25 2 I I 9 ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~2040 2 21 August.... 25 26 17 I g I5 I7 20 20 29 2I September... 25 28 I4 25 I7 I7 20 I8 29 22 October... 32 27 17 28 22 21 2I 21 31 25 November... 33 26 29 24 23 22 20 24 I7 24 December... 25 22 30 22 21 23 Is 23 I 2 21 Year..x.|30 28 2 6 |24 23 23 22 2 The mean daily range, for any month or for tile year, at any of the above stations is necessarily several degrees higher than the corresponding tabular difference since the norning and afternoon extremes do not take place at the hours of observation; even the tabular lumbers, when contrasted witl the observed daily range in other parts of the United States, appear excessive, and imperfect as they IY-USt be owing to the short n'mlmer of ycars a — the great variability of t-e quantities themselves, the annual fluctuationl of the differences given in the last; column presents quite a regular dotlble crested curve. The maximum daily range occurs ill 1Sarch and April) a second smaller maximum in October +vith minima in July and August, and again in December, the latter riniimum being apparently a comrton feature within the boundaries of the United States. Tile great development of the daily fluctuation at Albuquerque, Na. ~Al., wvould recommend this station as a suitable locality for an extended hourly series (to be recorded with a, self-registering illstrumellt). Such observations would greatly assist in establishing corrections to 21 I FE2RUARY I 875. 162 TABLES OF DIFFERENCES OF MEAN TEMPERATURES. the mean temperature derived from the ordinary hours of observation (7 A. M/i. and 2 and 9 P. M1.) in order to refer them to the true daily mean. A table of the daily fluctuation for this place would answer for- most stations situated within the elevated and arid region generally known as the great interior basin, as well as for the regions of the upper Rio Grande and of western Texas. In some instances the recorded mean monthly difference between the morning and afternoon temperatures rises to 40~, and if the observations are to be trusted to 45~; the corresponding daily incidental range is equally great and for the regions described above it is not uncommon to meet, in the morning, with a temperature below the freezing point and to experience in the afternoon of the same day a heat rising to 70 or 80~ Fah. Variability of the temnperatucre at any houer of the day fromn the normal val6ze of that hoor. To complete the investigation of the general laws of the daily fluctuation we have yet to inquire into the amount of digression of the monthly mean of any observed hourly temperature when compared with its normal value. These irregular variations are most readily ascertained by a comparison of the nont/ly meanns for each hour of the clay, given separately for a series of years, with the mean of the combined years for each hour. By this method we completely.free our results from the effects of the annual fluctuation, and have the advantage of presenting the probable error to the hourly temperatures, as given in the first set of tables for each month, provided the particular table was derived from a sibgle year of observations; if the tables are constructed from q?, years, the probable errors require a division by la/n in order to represent the probable uncertainties of their tabular numbers. W7ith a special view to this investigation the Mohawk table of hourly temperatures is given in full, from 1860 to 1868, only six years of hourly observations, however, could be utilized for the present purpose. At Philadelphia, the Girard College series furnished hourly means for nearly 5 years from 1840 to 1845. At Sitka a series of hourly observations (with omissions of 5 readings in each day) was taken from the records of the observatory, for 5 years, selecting 1847-8-9 and 1862-3-4. For Toronto, Can., the results are copied from Table VII1 of the 1 The following is, in part, a copy of the Toronto table. __................. i__ t Oi Hour....~'~ no*~o' a to e~ I a ~ 3 uz ae...'- J "" o o o o o 2 P. M. ~349 2.47 2.43 1.94 2~38 12~20 2.36,.~66 I-95 I'69 I.45 31I2 2.44 2.~ 8 4 I3.3' 2.54 2.59 i.76 2.36 2. r3 2.o9 I.37 I.7 I-.46'I,.30 3. IO 2.38 I.90o IO " 3.53 3.52 2.69 I-54 I.82 I.76 I-36 I.IO I.2I I.54 I.26 3.02 2.59 I.47 Mdn't 3.67 3.85 2- 76 I *52 I *76 I.88 I.33 I.I4 I.7 I *56 I *30 3.o4 2- 70 I.45 6.. 3-9 3.65 2.98 I-32 -~72 I.85 I-59 I.O9 I.25 I-48 I.24 3.20 2.74 I.47 8 Ad.~89 3-57 2.85 I-38 I.95 I.99 I.67 I.oI I.26 I.59 I.23 3.I I22-7 I.54 All hours 3.63 3.27 2.72 1.58 2.00 1.97 r.73 I123 1.41 I 55 1.3~ 3 lo 2 59 I 65 T A BL E S OF DIFFERENCES OF MEAN T EMPERATURES. 163; Results of meteorological observations made at the magnetical observatory, during the years 1860-1-2." G. T. IKingstolln, Director. This table is headed "Prolbable variability of the nonthly means of temperature at each of the 6 olbservation hours, in a single year, together with their half-yearly antl yearly averages, from the years ]854 to 186'2 inclusive," and the deduction-from the results is stated as follows: The warmn hours are most liable to disturbances of temperature in the zearm months, and the Cold hours in the cold months, and altogether the abnormal digressions are greater in the colder half year than in the warmer. A series of hourly observations continued for 6 years is barely sufficient for the investigation and the results for the three winter months (Dec., Jan., Feb.) were contracted into a mean, also the results of the three summer months (June, July., Aug.); it was not deemed necessary to investigate the six remaining months, since the law is seen to change gradually from season to season, the variability of the temperature of any hour being nearly the same about or after the epochs of the equinoxes. Probable error of the monthly mean temperature for any hour of the day, derived from a series of years. -' ~ Winter.' Summer.!I-f'ours of dyours ofToronto. M ohawk Phila. Sitka. Toronto. Mohavwk. IPhila. Sitka.!ida~y. Md't -3.5 -4-3.2 — 2.4 |.. |. I2 O_... I.. 3.2 2.4... I.2 o. 8. 2.. 3.2 2.4 I... I.2 o.. 3 ~ ~ 3.3 2.4 1... 1.2 0.8 4.. 3.3 2.4 2.4. 1.2 O. 8 O. 8 5 3.3 2'4 2.5 1.2 O. 8 O. 8 6 3.6 3'3 2.4 2.5 I.5 1.2 0.8 I.o 7 3'3 2.3 2.6.. I. i 0.7 1.2 8 3'5 3.4 2.3 2.5 1.5 I.0 0.7 1.3 9.. 3.2 2.2 2.4.. I.0 o. 8 1.5 IO. 3.I 2.3 2.2.. I.0 0.9 1I.4 I I ~ 3.0 2.2 2.2.. I. o.8 1.4 Noon.. 2.9 2.1 2.0.. I.I 0.9 1.4 I. 2.8 2.3 I.9. I o. 8 1.3 2 3.0 2.8 2.4 I.9 2 2. I.6 I.0 I. I 3 2.7 2.5 2.0.. 1.8 I.O I.I 4 3'0 2.8 2.5 2. I I.9 2.0 I.o I.o 5 | 2.8 2.5 2.2. 2.0 I. 0. 8 6. 2.9 2.4 2.3.. 2.0 I. I 0.9 7.. 2.9 2.4 2.3.. 1.9 I.0 0.8 8.. 3.0 2.4 2.4.. 1.8 I.I 0.9 9 3.0 2.4 2.4.. 1.6 I.0 o.8 Io 3.3 3.I 2.5 2.3 1.4 1.4 I.I O. 8 Il,.. 3.2 2.5,..32.. 21-3 I.O o o Mean -3.3 4 -3,1 |-2-4 4-2.3 __2.8 — I.6 -4-1.4 4-o.9 -4-9.o -+-I.2 The Toronto results are in the main confirmed by those at the other stations, and there is no doubt a much closer accordance would be obtained from longer series of records. In winter the maximum variability occurs a few hours after midnight, or about the period of the maximum cold of the day; in summer the reverse of this happens, the maximum variability then occurs about 3 P. M., or about the period of maximum heat. In winter the greatest constancy is noted about 2 P. M., but in summer the temperature is most steady some hours after midnight. 164 TABLES OF DIFFERENCES OF MEAN TEMPERATURES. h nThe progression of the tabular numbers from hour to hour is quite regular, particu larly for Miohawk. The amount of variation is nearly the same at Toronto alld M'olhawk, but less at Philadelphia and Sitka. In general the variability in winter is more than double that of sumnmer; this latter variation will be found further investigated under the head of the annual fluctuation. In winter the maximum variability at any hour is to the minimum variability as 5 to 4, and in summer as 8 to 5.. Mlultiplying the above average probable errors =4 20.8 in winter, and ==- 1'2 ill summer by a/ 30.4 or by 5.5 nearly, we have an approximation to the probable error of an observed temperature at any hour of the day at these seasons, with reference to the normal values of that hour, month, and season. These quantities are =- 15~ and = 7o respectively. Any attempt to deduce, for any given time and place at the earth's surface, even approximately, the daily fluctuation of the temperature, as far as it depends upon the variations of the sun's altitude- and with consideration of the loss of heat by absorption while passing through various depths of atmosphere 2 must lead to Let L the sun's zenith distance, 8 its declination, t the hour angle, then for the latitude, cos r = sin P sin +- cos ~ cos 6 cos t, from which expression the altitude or dep'ression of the sun for any hour of the day may be computed. 2 If we treat the length of the oblique path of a ray of heat passing through the atmosphere simply as a geometrical problem, it is given by I = v r" COS2 2rh + h- - r cos, hence for the case of a horizontal ray (irrespective of refraction), 3- = v2rh + h, where r = the earth's radius and h = the height of the atmosphere. Taking for instance h -- 45 st. miles, at which elevation twilight yet indicates the presence of air capable of reflection, and r = 3956 miles, we find that horizontal ray must traverse nearly 600 miles of atmosphere or 13.3 times the vertical thickness, if h= 74 miles, which is the average height at which shooting stars become incandescent when coming in contact with the atmosphere, the length of path is about 770 miles or 10.4 times the vertical thickness. The decrease of heat of inclined rays is greater than that resulting from the inverse proportion of the length of tract, and is clue to the density of the air increasing geometrically, while the depth increases arithmetically. The following measures of atmospheric tract and of calorific effect on a surface vertically exposed to the ray, is extracted from a table given in the Encyclopaedia Britannica (8th edition), article, climate; it supposes that of one thousand rays, vertically incident on the outer boundary of the atmosphere, only 750 will be transmitted through it and received on the ground. The numbers in the column headed "H" are computed by the formula (2)ec, given in the article meteorology, according to which only 667 rays reach the ground. The last two columns contain the number of rays incident on a horizontal surface, obtained by multiplying the numbers in the preceding columns by cos X. Zenith Lengfth of Rays distance. atmospheric transmitted. (i)sec i L cos t Y rcos | tract. (~) (E) o~ I.006 75o 667 IO I.OI5 747 663 735 653 20 I.o64 736 650 69I 6II 3~. I54 718 626 6I9 542 40 I.305 687 589 526' 45I 50 I.554 640 53I 4II 34I 60 I.995 563 444 282 222 70 2'905 434 306 I48 X05 80 5.6Io- X99 97 35 I7 90 37850 o 0 0 0............................................ t -...........~~ssa TABLES OF DIFFERENCES OF MEANh TEMPERATURES. 165 unsatisfactory results,,- for the reason that the distribution of heat passing into the atmosphere directly and indirectly through surface radiation, evection, and conduction, and the amount parted with by radiation during the night, as well as the modify~ingg influence of the aqueous vapor, present far too complex phenomena to be accounted for numerically. Wei have already seen that the absolute amount of -vapor and the relative humidity are among the causes sufficient to impress a totally different character upon the range of the daily fluctuation, fromu that we might otherwrise have expected from the meridian altitude of the sun arad the length of its diurnalc arc. D IS C U S I ON OF THE ANNUAL FLUCTUATION, OF THE MONTHLY AND ANNUAL. EXTREMES AND OF THE SECULAR VARIATION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; WITH TABLES OF RESULTING TEMPERATURES FOR EACH DAY IN THE TYEAR, OFY MONTHLY EXTREMES AND OF ANNUAL MEANS FOR A SUCCESSION OF YEARS. ( 167 ) SECTION III. DISCUSSION OF THE ANNUAL FLUCTUATION, OF THE MONTHLY AND ANNUAL EXTREMES AND OF THE SECULAR VARIATION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE WITH TABLES OF RESULTING TEMPERATURES EOR EACH DAY OF THE YEAR, OF OBSERiVED MONTHLY EXTREMES AND OF ANNUAL MEANS FOR A SUCCESSION OF YEARS. The annuacl fluctucation of #le tenmperater7e.- -The annual fluctuation in the temperature of the lower atmosphere is exhibited il the progression of the successive monthly means, for a great number of stations in the General'TemperatireTrables of Section I, but it may also be shown by the tabulation of the mean temperature, derived from a series of years, of every day of the year. The latter method, while more advantageous, is also more laborious than the first, but is indispensable in inquiries respecting certain suspected irregularities in the annual fluctuation. In the application of Bessel's periodic function to the case of the annual fluctuation of the temperature as derived from the monz~y means, corrections are required for the inequality in the lerngth of the calendar months, and for cervatrre or difference in the mnea) i monthly temperature, and the tenperature for the mrn1iddle of the month. The first correction, for unequal length, affects principally the mean annual temperature, and but slightly the periodic terls in the epochs; the second correction, for curvature, affects only the amplitude of the fluctuations. These corrections may be applied separately and for each month before the application of the periodic function, especially in the case where the temperature for each day is kinown. W7hell we have to make many applications of the form2ula, it becomes desirable to reduce this labor as far as is possible, without sacrifice of accuracy TIhere is no need for introducing these small corrections to results from short series, and it suffices to state the rules for complete quadriennia, in which, consequently, the mean length of February equals 203.25 days, and the year 365.24 days nearly; the average or normal month comprises 30.44 days nearly. The mean temperature for the months of normal length may readily be computed by tneans of the following epochs of the ending of each month — 22 FEBRUARY I 875. ( 169 ) 170 DISCUSSION OF THE ANNUAL FLUCTUATION Normal months: January ends with o.44 of the 3Ist of Calendar month. February " " o.62" " 2d" March. March "" o.o6 c c 2d" April. April -" 0.50" " d" May. May " " 0.94 " " ISt JUlle. June c c 0.37 C " 2d" Jllly. July " " o.8i " ISt' August. August " " 0.25 " C Ist September. September" " 0.69 " " It October. October " " o. 3 " " Ist November. November" " 0.56 " Ist' December. December" "with midnight of the 3ISt. To make use of these expressions we require to know th-e mean temperature of certain days near the beginning of each month; this may -either be taken directly from the observations or may be computed from the monthly means. In Silliman's Journal of Science and Arts, May numbers of 1866 and of 1867, Mr. E. L. De Forest has presented the case in a different and very convenient forms by using the monthly rmleans already computed and finding corrections thereto, employing the means of the months preceding and following. Practically the results by the two methods are identical. The general effect of the correction for inequality is to increase the annual means by a small fraction of a degree. To exhibit the magnitude of the monthly corrections, the results for the New Haven series, extending over nearly 86 years, may serve as a sample. The second column contains the uncorrected or calendar meansll, the third and fourth the correction to reduce to months of mean length? according to first and second methods, the last column gives the corrected means. 1 On page 316 of ill. Journ., No. 129 (May, 1867), we find the expressions for the normal months, 1/, by means of the calendar months, m, as follows:/1 = ml +-.0037 il +-.0030 m12-.0067 m2 M' = "2 —.OI27 7z2 —'OO3I mll'J-OI58 m3 At = -Z3 +.0028 17z3 -.0249 Z2 +-.0221 M4 4 -- m, -.0042 MZ4 -.0200 ma3 +.0242 M5 _/5 _,z5 +.OOI6 m5 —.02I8 Ml4 -+.0202 M 6 M6 6 -. 00~~39 z6 —. O Io80 s5 +-.0219 z7 M = Me7 +.0026 m7 -.0200 zo6 +.OI74 ts M' nz8 "- 0025 P18 -.0103 n? -+.0078 my% 9 = S9 - -.0027 m9 -.0067 n, + *.0O94 mlo ng-/ or0 -' m10 -+.*~3~ m10 —.OO85 777 +.00055 oll l mll -.00oo26 mil -.0o46 mo0 +.0072 m12 /12 -- m2'12- -0032 M12-. oo64 z -+.00oo32 ml Mr. De Forest also remarks that the term T- A - B1 sin (0 J- (C) obtained on the supposition of calendar months will be very nearly corrected, for temperate climates, for the inequality of months by taking T-A +.0041 B~ — B, sin ( + C$ q+ 46'). The effect on the periodical terms involving multiples of 0 is small and variable. They are preferred in the form +- An sin:n (0 — e,), as determined by sin (n 0+ - E) - sin n(O -(360~ —E) ) or- sinn (0 —1 (180 -n- E) ) according to - ~~n n E~ > or 29.C 3 I) n 61. 2 66.2 69.6 66.2 55'3 43' 35o I17'8 24 I7'9 23'7 3~ ~ 59'7 67. I 70.3 63.8 55.2 45'0 29'9 24'4 25 I8.1 24.8 3~ 6 59'6 66.4 69.2 63.6 55'4 40.3 29.1 26.7 26 23-0 24. 6 3~ 8 58. _ 67.0 68.0 64. 7 54. O 40.9 3O.O 24.0 27123.3 27.5 3~ 6 60. I 67. I 68.9 63.8 55.6 41.9 29.3 22,2 28 24'0 24'4~ 67 4~ 62.7 67.3 69.6 62.7~ 54.2 40.3 30.0 23.0 29 20.6 26.7 3. I 60.7 67.3 7o. 5 62.6 63.0 39.9 3I'4~ 25'2 30 I9'8 3' 1 60.5 7~.0 71.3 69.3 51.8 39.9 32.0 22.1 31 20. 8 3762'5 70.5 64.9 39'7 28.0 Observing hours 7,, 2,, 9~. Tabular quantities uncorrected for daily fluctuation. OF THE ATMOSPHERIC TEMP ERAT URE. 189 Day of Jan. Feb. Mar. April. |Mlay. i Jue.| July. Augg. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Montl. (29) (29) (29) (29) (29) (29) Providence, Rhode Island. Lat. 4I~ 5o'. Long. 7I~ 24! W. of G. Alt. I55 feet. 28' years of observation; Dec. I83I, to May, I86o, inclusive. Prof. A. Caswell, observer. Snrithsonian Cont. to Knowl. Washington, I86o. I 28. 3 24.6 29.8 4I~O 5I~7 59*5 69~7 70~4 4 654 56. 5 44-7 33* 5 2 25-9 24.6 29.0 39 5 5.6 62 4 69-7 70 4 65. 6 57-6 46.6 33- I 3 25.3 24.8 27-5 4I.6 52.I 63.9 69. o 70.0 67-2 54 5 45-8 34-I 4 26.2 23.8 29.2 42.6 52.0 63.2 69.9 69.9 67-7 53-7 45.8 33 3 5 26,4 24-7 30 4 42-4 51.3 62.3 70.4 7I. I 67.8 53-6 45.2 32.2 6 26.4 24-7 32-5 43 4 53-4 62,2 67.6 7I.o 67.2 54-6 43 3 3I12 7 28.1 25-8 32.I 43-6 53-5 6J.9 67-5 70.7 65-9 52.9 42.8 32,4 8 27,I 26,o 34 o 44-5 53 I 63.I 7I.3 70.8 64 5 54 0 44-I 32,7 9 27.3 26,o 34-8 45 5 53-7 64.3 7I.2 71.2 65.6 54.2 44-3 32,3 IO 27.7 25,4 33-6 44-6 52.9 65.2 7I,3 69-7 63- 7 52-7 4I.6 33-0 II 27-5 25-9 32.7 44-3 53- 7 63-9 7I.2 69.7 65.o 52.2 40.6 3I,3 I2 27-5 23-9 33-3 45-9 56.3 63.2 7I.2 7I.2 63.o 54 0 42.4 29-4 13 27.4 24.0 36.4 44-9 55-8 64-5 7I.9 72.I 60.7 53-5 42-4 28.6 14 28.2 26.4 34-3 42-4 55-5 65.8 72.I 7I.8 59 4 50. I 40.3 30 7 I5 29-4 27-1 34-5 42.7 55-7 (5.6 7I.9 69-5 6I.3 48.7 3A3 30.9 I6 29.5 28.o 34-4 43.O 57-5 65.6 70.0 68.5 60o3 5o-7 39.7 28.3 I7 29.6 25-5 36. I 43-8 58.2 65.6 7I.6 68.3 60 5 52.0 40 2 28.9 I8 25,5 25-5 36.2 44.2 58.I 65.8 72-7 68.3 63.4 53 9 42.I 26.4 I9 23-3 27-4 35-5 45 5 58.55 67-I 72.8 68. I 62.7 52.8 40.2 26.4 20 26.3 30.2 37-0 45.8 57 0 67.0 72.2 67.4 63.2 49-5 37-3 27.6 21 29.6 3I.I 38. I 47-3 57-I 67.9 72-3 67.9 6r.6 47.5 37.2 26.9 22 25.2 32-5 34.8 49.0 56-4 67-0 72-3 68-8 57.6 48-9 39-4 25.4 23 23.9 32-3 35-0 48.4 58-:2 67-8 7I.9 68-4 57-0 49-I 39-5 25j5 24 26.2 28.7 37-o- 48-5 58.2 68.o 72.2 68.8 57.6 49.3' 36-6 26.7 25 28-5 27.8 37-2 47-5 57-4 68-3 72.1 67-9 58. | 46-9 34-2 27-7 26 29.6 28-4 37-7 50.I 58-4 68-5 72I| 66-7 57-4 44-3 34-2 26.8 27 26.8 29.6 39-7 49-9 58.3 69.o 70.8 67.4 57-4 45-8 32.7 24-9 28 26-5 29.6 39-7 49-I 60-8 69-7 1703 66-4 57-4 45-3 32-6 27.5 29 27.7 32-4 39-I 50,7 59-0 70| 4 70.7 66-I 55-4 46-6 33-0 27.4 30 29. I 39-7. | 5I*I 56-8 70-3 7I*O 66- 7 55*4 47-5 34-8 26-4 3 1 2665 409 56-4 7I.0 67.3 44.8 27. Observing hours various, generally (D,, Ia or 2aS IOa, fiom Oct. to March, inclusive, and 6m, za or 2,, Io., in the remaining months. The tabular quantities are corrected for daily fluctuation. To correct the observed daily means resulting from three observations a day, taken at various hours, the following table was prepared and used:January 7, I, 9 - 0.2 (D I, IO -O.I 0D, 2, IO -0.2 February 7| 7, IO +o. I || 1, Io +o. I ||, 2, IO o.o March 6, I, IO +0.5 (D I, Io +0.4 6,2 2, +O-3 (DI2, IOT +0.2 April || 1) 9| +-5 |( I1 10 | +o-8| 61 1 10 +0.8 6 ) 2. Io +~ ~ 6 May |(, I I1O I.2 6, I, IO +o-7 6, 2, IO +O-5 || 16 June 6, 1, I0 +o.5 5 II IO } 132 6, 2, 10 +O 3 G), I, I r 1 3 July | I, I| +I.O 5, I, IO +o. 6, I, 10 | O- 5 6, 2, I0 |+o-4 August | I, IO | +og | 6, I, IO +o. 6 5, II |0 +o-5 62 2, IO | +OSeptember |, I, IO +O.7|| 6, I, Io +O ~7 6, 2, IO +o 5 October | II IO +0,4 6) I, IO +0.4 | 2) IO| +o.3 November |, I, IO | -O. I || 2, O |-O. I December, 1, I10 -0.2 7, 1, 9 - 0o3 G, 2, Io -0~ 3 |The above correctiolls apply to the middle of each mollth, alld were interpolated for every day. 190 DISCUSSION OF THE ANNUAL FLUCTUATION Day of Jn MoDath Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Month. Allbany, New York. Lat. 420 39'. Long. 73~ 44' W. of G. Alt. I30 feet. 2I years of observation; including the years I820 to I829, inclusive. MS. in Smithsonian Coll. I 25.4 I8.4 27.2 42.6 53.3 64-.5 73 7I.6 64.3 557 - 43.6 358 2 23,4 22.7 29-5 43.I 54.7 66.6 7I.2 7I.4 67.2 57-0 43.3 34.2 3 22.8 23.4 28.0 43.4 57.0 66.,6 70.8 73.4 65.2 56.3 434 32.8 4 I9.8 I9.9 29-3 43-3 55.9 68,6 7I.4 7I.4 66.7 56.o 44. 3I7 5 22.I 20.I 33-3 43-9 55.I 68.8 72.0 7:.6 65-0 56.3 42.9 3I0 6 23.0 22.7 31.6 45-7 57.4 68.7 72.5 72.8 64.9 53.8 4I.I 32,3 7 24.3 24.4 30.6 45'9 55.2 70O. 73-5 74.2 62.2 538 42.8 34-7 8 23-3 24.I 32.2 45-7 55.6 68.6 73-1 73. 0 6I.9 53'7 42.4 32.9 9 24-3 23.6 33-9 45-7 54-6 67.5 72.0 7I.3 62.5 55 I 42.0 3I.4 Io 22.8 27.2 35-I 48.6 54.9 66.3 72.3 72.0 62.6 53-6 42,0 29.8 II 21,4 25-9 35-8 46.6 57. I 68.9 70.6 73.2 63-3 5I.0 40.8 30~5 12 24.8 23-3 36.9 47.I 59.4 69-5 70.3 72.2 6I.2 50.5 387 28. I I3 2413 25.2 33-7 46.6 58.5 69.4 69.4 7I,3 62,2 52.3 37-6 29.2 I4 23-7 23.8 3I5 4.9.8 59.8 68.2 72.2 71-3 6I.9 49.6 38.o 30.3 I5 23-7 26.2 34-0 50.4 58.7 70o- 72.3 69.8 6i.3 50.0 36.o 28.9 16 24-4 28.2 32. 48.7 58.6 70.4 72.3 70. I 62.3 49.5 384 28.9 I7 24.9 30.0 32.8 48.6 62.3 68.8 72.I 71.6 60.5 50.6 39.0 25.9 1 8 24.7 29.I 33-5 49-9 63.7 68.8 7I.9 68.5 60.o 5I.5 37-I 27.6 I9 25.6 28.5 35-3 5I.9 62.5 69. 73.I 68.5 6o.7 48-5 37.0 28.0 20 23.0 30.I 37-4 53-5 63.8 67.7 7I.3 69.7 6I.0o 47.5 36.6 29.9 2I| 20.6 |30-7 33-5 50~9 6I.7 38.3 73.6 68.7 60.2 45.7 36-7 28.9 22 |22.8 29-5 35-7 50-5 6I.7 67-9 73.3 69I 57-3 44.6 36.7 26.0 23 |2I.I 27-9 37.5 50.7 64.3 68.2 72.6 68.9 57.9 48-9 37.0 21.7 24 I7-9 |26-3 40.0 47-5 62.9 69. 72.9 69' I 57.6 46.6 34.4 28.9 2125 |23 |26.6 385 48:9 63.2 69. 72.4 68.5 57.9 46.6 35.7 26.7 26 |25.o0 3~.4 39-I 51.8 63. I 70-7 71.6 67.6 55.9 45.3 34.8 24.2 |27 |25.6 |28.I 42-4 52.7 65.I 73.4 72.3 66.6 56.9 45-7 34. I 25.9 28 |25-9 27-4 40.9 5i.o 67.0 70-4 7I.7 66.3 55.3 44-7 34.3 27-5 29 |22.6 24.7 40.3 53.9 64.2 7I.3 72.2 67-3 54-9 45-3 33.8 27.6 l30~ 2I1.0 40o4 53-5 64.2 73-3 73.I 68.9 55-5 44.2 34-3 27-7 | 3I| 20.| |4.8 |8 64.3 73.6 69.6 42.6 28.3 Observations at 3 P. M. for 2 years, at 9 P. M. for Io years, and at 7 A. M., 2 and 9 P. M. for g years. Tabular numbers corrected for daily fluctuation. In computing the original table, the observations at 3 P. M. were used for two of the years, those at g P. M. for ten, and the daily means at 7 A. M., 2 and 9 P. M. for the remaining nine. When combined they afford a tolerable approximation to the true mean, as may be seen from the following statement, which shows the correction for daily fluctuation at 2 and 9 P. MI. deduced from the observations of ten years of this series, from 1820 to I829, inclusive, and the reduction from 2 P. M. to 3 P. M. from the Mohawk table of daily fluctuation:i Corr'n Refer'd Corr'n Corr'n Corr'n Corr'n Refer'd Corr'n Corr'n Corr'n at to at at to at to at at to 2P.M. 3P. M. 3 P. M. g P. M. 7m, 2,9a P.. 3 P. M. 3 P. M. 9 P. M. 7m, 2,,,9 | 6 - I 1 11 I ~~~~~~~~I to1 January — 4.4 — I — 475 +0.7 -0.3 July -77I7 — 3 — 8.0 +I-9 -o0-3 February — 5.4 -.2 5.6 +o-0.6 -o.-3 August 3 -.6 -8.9 +1-7 3-02 March | — 6.6 — 3 — 6.9 +.0 -0. I September -7.3 1 6 -7.9 +I-4 -0-2 April — 8.3 —.6 — 8.9 +2.2 — 0. I October — 6.8 -. 3 -7. I +1q 3 -0.2 May — 8.4 -.5 -8.9 +I.7 o. 03 November -4.3 4- I -4.4 |+0-9 -0. I June |7.9 — 5 |8.4 |1.8 -o.-5 December -3.-8 -. I -3.7 +0-7 - o3 The correction to mean of 7, 2, 9 iS from the Mohawk table; now twice the correction 3 P. M. +- ten times that at 9 P. M. + nine times that at 7, 2, 9, divided by 2I, gives the following table of corrections: —I | ~~Janluary | —o 02 || April |-o +Or July |o. o October |-O February. 4 May -— o. I August -o. I November |o.o i ~~March |o -02 || June |o -OI 11September ~0 -OI 1]December -O. |These small corrections were applied, they answer to the middle of each month, and were interpolatedl for any other day. OF TIIE ATMO SPH E RI C.TEMPErtAT U tiE. 191 Month. Oeneva, New York. Lat. 420 53'. Long. 77~ ox' W. of G. Alt. 567 feet. From I2 years of observation; from 1854 to x.865, inclusive. Dr. W. D. Wilson. Ill the 2oth Annual Report of the Regents of the University of the State of New York, Albany, I868. o o o o' o o' o o o I 24.73 27.8I 29.29 33.32 49~~ 62.00 68. I9 73.29 63~.93 54. r3 48.25 340.98 2 23.3I 21.45 28.72 38.45 48. 62.92 68.21 73.12 62.72 55.45 47.92 32'~1. 26. Ic 19. o9 31.8i 41.44 48. 62.40 69.68 71.64 63.76 58.94 44.75 3~.26 27.2~ I9.4I 30.84 41.42 50. 60.15 64.54 70.93 63.65 58.54 44.23 29'84 24'8~ 23.1~ 29.26 41.29 53. 60.49 68-67 7X.34 65'38 56.87 43'42 3X.30 25.34 23.34 28.26 37.8o 52. 60.89 70.62 7I.I5 65.I7 54.5x 41.32 32. I7 24.74 26.11 27.82 41.98 5I. 61.55 7T.98 70.78 65.O1 54.60 43.38 32.03 8 19.% 24. r9 29.78 34.92 55. 60.34 71.47 71.44 65.I2 52-82 43. I3 28.35 19 22.54 24.43 29.66 41.8I 55' 61.68 71.36 71.94 64.45 50. I2 41.69 30.43 25'OC I9'93 26.30 40.23 53. 6I.IO 7T.43 72.4~ 66.94 50.59 40.58 30.7O Ir 23.57 21.28 30.62 42.63 5I. 60.8I 70.09 71.53 66.56 52.41 40.85 29.84 I2 28. XI 23.68 29.53 44.63 54' 63'I3 69'35 70'03 63'03 50'65 42-37 28'25 I3 27.32 25.05 29.50 42. I7 51. 61.94 69.02 70.59 59'39 49.48 39.98 33.63 14 27.52 25-00 35. I6 42.79 56. 63.72 70.52 63.35 61.38 4.8.48 36'82 35.69 15 28'29 27.54 35.3~ 41.92 58. 66.04 72.35 67.88 62.71 45.73 34.87 3I.o6 x6 26. IC 27. I5 36.7I 43.64 58. 61.53 71.57 67.99 60.37 48.62 38.84 33.08 x7 24'21 25-I6 35.67 43.72 55. 64.49 72.24 67.87 63.69 48.74 38.6I 27.96 18 22.42 29.12 33.06 46.54 56~ 67.75 72.4I 68.23 6I.o3 51.74 39.70 25-oI I9 25-57 22.78 3o. 24 45.46 55. 66.45 74.32 66.90 58.2I 49.06 38'87 27'3I 20 27'1~ 26.59 30.76 44.02 55. 66.00 71.38 68.45 58.89 46.37 35.03 26.22 21 25.89 26.93 32.52 47.07 58~ 67.12 67.79 69.29 59.20 47.30 35.3~ 25.96 22 24. I9 3o.51 32.82 49. I6 56. 69.89 68.26 68.53 55'54 47.62 35'51 23'48 23 26'49 29-7x 35.65 45.88 59. 65-48 68.32 65.88 56'94 45. I4 36'32 24.25 24 26.28 27.86 32.96 45,25 63. 66.6r 7o. I2 68.0o 57.90 45.o7 31.4o 21.87 25 27'62 27.04 33.62 45.94 60. 7o. I7 71.79 66.86 55.84 43.09 34.o5 24.26 i~. 26 25.55 27.72 33.00 47.70 60. 72.25 72.53 67.55 57. I8 41.29 34.27 3o.6x 27 24.34 3I.o2 33. to 47.68 60. 69.88 71.66 65.39 57.64 41.54 36. I3 28.73 i 28 27'32 29'92 32.7~ 46.76 57- 72'35 72.12 65.38 56'53 45.I7 35'75 27'38 29 26.08 33.37 37.22 49.3o 57. 72.88 71.37 63.77 55'37 47.85 34'62 25"22 3~ 25.22 37.82 49.7~ 57' 69'48 70'96 6I'55 52'88 49.68 36'22 27'82 3I 22.18 40.00 6.... 71.46 62.41 48.66 22.85 Value of April 8 doubtful. Observing hours, 7~, 2~, 9~. Tabular quantities uncorrected for daily fluctuation. 1Vtarietta~ Ohio. Lat. 39~ 28'. Long. 81~ 26t W. of G. Alt. 580 feet.t 32 years; between I$I8 —I823 and I829-I859. J. Wood and Dr. S. P. Hildreth. Smithsonian Cont. to Knowl. No. I2o. Washington, June, I867. 3I 2 j( yr's) (3I yr's)l I 33.2 47 7~.4 59.6 30.2 38.6 {'.3 [ 6o.8 [ 6~.o 72.6 68.9 47.~ 37.2 2 [ 3~.~ 3~.5 35.7 I'.2 I 59.8 [ 66.8 48.0 36.9 42 72.3 7~.5 j 68.6 J 59.0 ~ 43 I 57.4 47.9 36.3 3'.0 3~.4 34.8 J 49-4 J 6o.o J 67-3,.8!'5 3.~ 3o.~ 37.2 15o.4 16o.6 167. J 1.9 36. o -, ~;9.o J 55.8 47.7 56 3'.4 29.2 37.5 [49.3 [6x.x [67.2.6 ~i9.6 {54.9 46.3 35.6 3:.7 3~.2 38.4 J49.~ J 59.2 J 67.o f ti8.7 i ~i8.7 J54.8 46.0 35.7 78 1.56 3.9 3~.o 42.0 1 53'1 J 60.2 J 68.4 (;8.7 J 54.4 35.7 3'~.9 30.7 4x.6 [ 5~.2 I 59.5 I 68.4 18 46'3 ~ 56 (;9.o J 56.2 45.6 35.4 19 3'.9 3~.6 4~.4 [50.7 J59.4 {69-2 ]3~ ~;8.6 J 56.4 44.6 34.7 3".4 3~.6 4~.3 ] 52.5 { 58.9 t 68.9 ~;8.3 I 55.x 44-~ 33.4 x~ 3.4 3~.9 4~.8 [ 53.0 /6r.x { 68.5 i l ~;5.7 { 54.5. 45.6 33.8 12 3,.6 33.0 43.3 [ 53.0 16o. 5 J 69. I (;3.5 J 53.4 45.5 32.4 i~ x3 (;3.3 t 5~.6 4x-3 33.8 3.o 32.4 42.7 {53.2 J6o. 7 J69.4.5 4o x4 35.1 3.6 33.6 4~.6 { 5:r.5 J 62.0 J 70.0 4 3 (4.3 J 50.3 ~5 3,,.7 33.7 40.9 ].50.6 { 60.6:.o t 70.0 ~4.2 J 49.8 40.2 32.9 x6 3.6 3~.7 4t.5 J 5~.6 J 62.3 J 70.3.8 fi3.3 t 52.7 4o.8 32.4 x7 ~'3.4 J 52.8 3x-6 3:.8 30.9 4~.8 J 52.6 / 62.8 t 70.7 43.o I8 [9 3'9 33.6 ~o.9 /5o. 6!6~.9 J7o.6 ~ 9 {52.6 42.2 3~.4 x9 z.8 36. x 4o.~ 152. x 16o.8 J7o. o 13 x 8 ('4.~ I 5o.5 39.4 33.4 20 4o.o 32.3 3-4 36.5 4x.x J54.5 J6o. 7 /7o.o c5 e,4.5 J 49.6 J f'3.8 Stated to be 670 feet in the general table. ~ After ~6th 3~ years. 192 DISCUSSION OF THE ANNUAL FLUCTUATION Day of. Ma oonth Jan. Feb, Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Marrsietta. — Contin ued. 21 33- I 37-3 42.9 56.5 62.o 69.3 74.0 70. 9 62.2 48.5 41.7 30.8 22 30~3 37.9 42.0 -58.6 63.6 70.3 73,6 70.6 60.5 4S.9 42. 29.9 23 28.7 36.6 43.5 57.9 64.3 70 I 74.5 68.6 59.7 51.4 40o9 29.4 24 30.I 35.4 45.0 57-8 63.I 70.2 743 69.7 6.5 48.I 38.I 32.0 25 31.3 35.7 44-7 58.2 62.8 70.5 74.I 69.8 61. 5 47.8 36.4 33.3 26 32.1I 36.8 47-I 57.6 63.8 72.0 74-~ 69.7 60.I 47-5 35 9 32.3 ~~~~~~~[20174. 69. 6o.i 753.'. 27 31.1 36.4 46. I 56.0 64.7 73.o 73.4 69.5 60.2 47-4 33.8 30.8 28 3I.9 36.4 46.6 58. I 65.5 72.5 74. I 69.0 58.3 46.2 36.6 32.2 29 33.4 39.0 47.1I 59. I 66.5 72.7 75.0 68.9 58.5 45.8 37.9 32.4 30 33.7 45.9 6I.3 65.6 72.4 74.7 69.3 58. I 46.3 37.6 33o- 31 32.2 48.6 64.3 72.7 69.6 46.9 3I.6 Hours of observations various: During 5 years )r,, 2a,,s, during the remaining years generally 6m, 2al 9 in summer, and 7m, 2a,, 9a in winter; the tabular numbers are correctecl for daily fluctuation; see table on p. I6 of the Smithsonian Cont. to Knowl., No. I20. VVashington, I867. MEAN TEMPERATURE OF EACH DAY OF THE YEAR. Washington, Arkansas. Lat. 33~ 44'. Long. 93~ 4I' W. of G. Alt. 660 feet. From 20 years of observations; from 1840 to I859, inclusive. Dr. N. D. Smith. Smithsonian Cont. to Knowl. Washington, 186o. 4. I|4057 46.o2 50.60 |57.5 65 7340 6652 734 77-82 77-48 75-97 66-37 58.60 o 48.27 2 42.97 45-57 50 I7 60-70 67-65 74-58 77- 57 77.80 75.8o 65.62 59.00 47.42 3 42.25 42.22 47.80 62.00oo 66.97 75-II 77-37 77.83 76.27 65-I2 59.67 43.87 4 4I.90 43-37 50~85 62'77 66.27 74.82 78.30 78.80 | 76.80 So 66'27 58.05 44.57 5 46.65 44.60 53-50 59.35 66.00oo 74-98 78.20 78.60 756. IO 66.32 57.55 45-47 6 46.62 46.27 54'90 58-95 66-58 74.47 79-32 78-90 75.90 65-I7 53-92 1'43.42 7 41.30 45.90 53-65 1 61.22 1 66.98 75-53 79.75 79. 50 76.67 66.05 54. I7 44-35 8 42.00 44.90 55.47 6I.82 66.-79 75.66 80. i2 79. IO 76. I0 64-37 52.32 44. 17 9 40. I2 44.32 54-45 63-50 66.63 | 75-56 79.85 79.55 | 75-72 63-82 52-47 44.50 Io 40-00oo 43-42 52I7 64-70 67.90 | 73-92 79.97 78.68 74-57 65-72 52. 35 2 4365 I 4I.85 45.25 51-87 62'97 68'2I 73-63 78.90 79-28 74-72 66-27 54.40 42.10 I2 42-75 48.20 50~85 6-1.87 69.- 50 74.28 79.57 79.00 74.50 64.oo 00 49.90 43.77 I3 43.87 50.I7 50-95 62.85 70.6I 75.53 79-95 79-98 74.~7 6I-70 47.85 44.63 I4 4 44.25 46.55 55-oo00 6I.45 69.95 75.92 / 80.37 79-92 74.67 62.45 49. 30 44-85 I5 47-37 45.77 53'22 6I-32 70- 00 75.40 8I.I7 79.58 74-37 60o-3 5I-I2 45.I2 I6 45.77 46.87 54-72 62.92 70.29 77'27 81.10 79.23 73-57 6I.22 54.07 45-30 17 40.42 47.95 | 55-77 62-55 69.61 I 78.34 8085 80.0085 8oo 74-82 59.92 5I7 40-.00 18 37-72 50~22 54-95 62-35 68-79 77'24 79.87 79'65 73-82 58-95 46.65 40-52 I9 39.07 5I.60 54'55 62.95 69.92 77.42 79.92 79.43 7I-80 58-32 44.70 45.-00 20 43-90 50- 00 54-77 63-I2 70-82 77-50 79.37 78-83 70-32 58'7 | 48.I5 42.82 2I /|40.20 49.67 56'57 65'20 70-84 76. I6 79'52 79.30 67-55 60-37 5I-57 40.67 22 40-o7 50-82 55-30 66- 70 72'24 76.61 79-47 79.30 67.-90 58.-20 47.85 4I-70 23 41.45 1 49-72 54.70 65- 7I 72.19 75.85 79-82 77-95 68-35 58-97 49-37 41.42 24 46.70 50.27 57-87 66.72 72.82 75.37 79.97 77.50 69'62 59-77 47.2o 42.o7 25 48.27 49.I3 56'87 65-55 | 72.I9 75.77 80.00 78.-18 69.60 ] 55.45 47-50 44-75 26 48.82 5I-89 57-79 67-08 72-37 76.87 79'92 77-43 69.60 56e27 46.82 |44-52 27 48.57 52-65 57- I7 62.95 73- I3 78.37 79-82 77-38 67-80 55-97 48.60 47-47 28 |46 42 |54 50 |58-o5| 63-27| 73-74 79-32 80.45 76 58 67-85 55'70 47-32 47.Io 29 I 45.80 | 56.20 I 58-22 | 64.70 72.65 I 78.85 80-27 7 76 o3 | 67-47 55I- 0 47.67 46.50 30 |44.45 | | 59'60 | 67'65 | 73.I3 | 79.67 79'27 1 76'73 | 65.69 | 55.9~ |48.32 /43-I6 | 31 1 43.80 1 l S7.62 l 1 73'12 ] [78'78 76'5~ [ I56'55 42.o6 Two observations a day; (r and 2a, Nov. to April, inclusive; )r and 3,, Mayto Oct. inclusive. Means uncorrected for daily fluctuation. Zanuary. February._ Marr'h, -April. May. Juna. June/. Awusk -16 21 2,6 j 6 1 5 5 301 1 6 11 16 1 26 5 10 1 25 12 7' 1 17 22 13, 16 2 10 15 20 25 31 5 10 15 4 9 14 19 3 11 IIIIIIIIIIII I IIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIH IM I-Iff if IIIIII I 1111 II-IIIII IIIH III 11111111 76C I 11 III IIII 11 III 11 IIIIIIIIIIIII III I I A III I I 1 74 72 1 II H II IIIII I 1. III IN W I IIII IIIIIIIII III iIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIII M IN 70 1111- IIIIIIIII.IN 11 IIII 111`11111111 11 I 111111111 11111111 Still 11111H I Ill IIIIIIIIIII 68 66 64 62 11 IIIII IN IIIIIIIII Ill' 1111111 IIIIII IIIIIIIIIIII 11 I 11 IIIIIIIIIIH III IIIIIIII lill IIIIIIIIIIIII 111:111111111 I 7 JIN III[IIII Ii AU 11 60 1 1 11 IIIIIIIIII 11111111111f,0 14 1, IIT A I-Ill IN III-1.1111 IIT III IIIIIIIIII IIII IIIIIIII 111111 I I I 11111 H d I I I I I F I I 1 Ill 111,1111 1111 Ill IIII 11 Ill IIII IIII III, Ill I'll - 11 I 11 IIII I 11 IIII IIII I 11 1111 Ill I 11 11MIll IIIIIIIIIINIIII III I H IIIIIIIIIIII laid II' J,% I III.111 11 H 1,11111111111 1.52 IIIIIIIIIIIH III IIIIIIH IM 11 Ill 11 I I H IT IIII 1111 1111, 111111111 1111119 1111 IU IX A l l I II 11111 I IIIIIII III 4 IJIII ILI I IIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIII 1 48 11,1111 H IIIII 11,1111 IIIIIIIIIIIIIH -111-1 II 11 IIIIIH IIII I 1111 IN Ill H IT II- IIII Ill I II- 11111 111111 11 Ill lill 1111 IIIIIIIIIIIIIIA R Aft6 1 1,1`11 AlKIIIII IIIIIIIIII IIII 1 46 IIIIIII 1111111 T IM III-Itl I Ill 1111.11 11 IIIIIIIIIII III lll/ I'II Ifi vi I 1111 Ily rl 11146 ill 1 44 11 fl IIIIIH 1111 IIIIIII Ill IIT IIH I Ill- I IH IIIIIIIT III 19 1. Ill 111111 11 Ill IIIII IIIIIII 111kilv illylil IIIIIIII ill IIITII It Ill. 1 42 40 1 138 F A IIIIIIIIIIIIII'l 11 I H il Ill I 1111 1111 1111 11 IIA R II IVII4111tiIIII 36 K A l, III I 11111IT IM 1111111.1111.1ill.1111V T: V d IIIIIIIIIII IIII V O N IIIIII HA III11M 11 34 11' H ill I I IIIH IIII' M illf il Iff l I I T Ill 1111111111111 III IIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIII 30 1 -.11, 1`11 I I I II IIII II I IIIIIIIII 311-1-I'V I VITMIX-1, 1111 32 IIIII ill A I I 1j, IIIIIIJ 11 1U. -0 Ill 11111 I 14 11 V III 1111111 11111 IIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIII Ill I IIII I I 11.11 I'l IIIN IT H 1'1111.111klll H ill I IIIIIIIIIIIII 11111 I I ill I I IT I I la Tl 11 I WI 1111 30 tI I I I I U IT 1111 I IIU I 28 IIIIIHIll I Y l IIIN IIII. 1111 IIII Iki IV 411111111111 1 11111.1 1, [IN 1111 11111 III 111111 IIIIIII 1111 Ill Ill 1111 1111 1111 26 2 1-1111111111 111.1111111A II H ill 24 ill I IM IIIIIIIII Ill T I T H II IIIIII I I I I b 11 lill I I 11 IIIII "X I't "111i -111 11 11111 11111 1111 1111 I 11 11 1111 lady 11 1111 11111111 IIII IIIIIIH IIIII I M IR I.1'32 1H.IIIIIIIIIIIII Hil l N 1111 11 I III 11 IIIIIIIII P 30 IIIIIIII HIT 11 IIIIIIIIII I IIIIIM IIIII 11 1111-11'if H IA I., 111.1111- I I I 28 26 I AIR 11111 Ill 11 Ill IN 34 I IJ01 I 111[11 11 I I;, I ill I 11111111 H ill 1111 Ill 11 1 32 II IIIIII IIII I'cal l TIIIIIII,.C 1 11 11 ill M IIIII IT IIIIIIIIIII I IIIIIIIIIIIIIII I 30 S. 28 Ill I IV I I H ill IIIIIH.-t JI I 11111111 I IIIIIIIIIII 11 26 Ill IIII MIN L24. 111 114 11111111 1111 Ill III Ill H ill III Ill IIIIIIIII I W XO IH IITMI III 1111 III T. i 24;`r11flfIIIITI1 All Mill,Dallas a 22.8 P 120 IR I IIII& II'l IIT III IIIIIIIII T i ll IIIIIIII111,11 IIIIIIII 1111 IN 111 I Ill III 1111.1ill 11 Ill Ill IIIII 18 till I U 6 1111 Till 11 IN H I IIIIII 11 I IIIIIIIII 11 I I I 1111' 11 I I E ll IR I IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII1 1TH IItI III IIII III II - I I I I I jifl I I tH IIIIII-1,'1111111IT n il III I 1.1 I Iu I H I III III IT I F WI UFM7771 T 171'Way. Tune. J-7y. -Atkquqt. t Ta n u ary. Abruary. March. April. I.1 To face page 193. OF[i THRE ATMOSPHERI1 T~ IC TENTPERAT - -UR AT ~ E. 193 The tabular numbers for five stations, having the longest series of observations, are graphically represented on the accompanying plate. The greater irregularity for the shorter series is sufficiently well markied, iand the ziozag lines of the Salem temperature, derived from a 43 year series, are yet inconveniently large for the ptlrposes of comparison. The Mlarietta and Pr~ovidence daily temperatures show many coincidences in the zigzags lines or in the differences from their respective mean values and particularly so in the winter seaoonz; the Portland temperatures, also, freqluently conform to the same fluctuations. From this we infer that changes from the normal temperatures extend, especially in the winter sea son, over large tracts of country, and there are also indications of the occurrence of the same phase about one day later in Rhode Island than in Ohio, showing that the normal state of the w~Teather has a tendency (esp~eciallyT iii the winter) to an easterly progression, the same as recognized in the case of storms or Iunusual thermal disturbances of the atmosphere. About the 20~th of February, all stations indicate a rapid rise of temperature, this epoch, therefore, de-serves further attention; there are also fainter indlications of an unusual diepression about M~ay 31, of a constancy between September 13 and 18, and of a rapid, decline about Nov. 26. The temperatures recorded at the above stations refer nearly to the,,,age p eriod of time, and consequently exhibit many collicidelices of de artures from regularity which only belong to this period, but as soon as we compare with recorded temperatures covering aniothLer period, these coincidences disappear, andl it is only by such comparisons of different epochs that we call assure ourselves of the realityor nonl-reality of ally suspected deviation from the regular annual progression. The chlaracter of the Salem line is essentially different fromt that of any of the other lines, its period terminating about the time of the beginning of the others. This is the- only station where the record extennds, in part, to the past century. 1Examining now, specially- the suspected periods of irregularity they will possess a strong probability of existence if exhibited alikie for two independent epochs, for instance, those of the Salem and ]Providlence series. Aibout, the beginning of December the march of temperazture, at all the stations given, a~ppears to be normal, thougb. there is a remarkablie deprPession about N~ovember 26, 21i, 28, which latter featureu~ seems to demand further attention. There is no thermal anomaly abortthe middle of May,' and the progression about February 12th and in the first and second, week of March appears regular enough; at this season, however, the accidental irregularities are very great, and may bide any smaller fixed deviation. The suspected arrest of increasing temperature after May 25 is not supported by, 194 DISCUSSION OF THE ANNUAL FLUCTUATION at Marietta and Providence between October 27, and November 2, is contradicted by the ordinary fall of temperature observed at Salemn during this period, but appears supported by Toronto. The smooth curves, given in the Marietta and Providence diagrams, wbich cut, off the zigzags, equally, above and below, are obtained by the method of successive means, and in this instance represent the sixth order of means.l This process facilitates comparison and enables us to construct tables of daily temperature, the values of which have thus become more consistent by the removal of the greater accidental irregularities. In the tables which follow, the anfiual fluctuation is given either directly by the daily ordinates or by those of smooth curves, obtained by the process just explained, or by means of Bessel's periodic function with Constants supplied by observation, as stated at the top of each table. The director of the Toronto observatory noticed the curious fact, that the daily means or normals of temperature made out by General Sabine for the epoch 1841 to 1852 had now become totally inapplicable) in consequence of which a new set of normals was prepared, employing-the series of observations fironm 1859 to 1868, and calculating, the table with the help of Bessel's periodic function as had been done before. The two sets of tables given for Toronto will, therefore, represent the variability of the annual fluctuation for two epochs not very remote from those where the extreme values obtain, as has been found from a further study of this phenomenon of the shifting of the epoch of maximnum cold and of apparent changes in the curve of the annual fluctuation.2 On account of this variability of the annual fluctuation, the years of observation fiom which the daily means were deduced, are stated at the head of each table. Supposing Y, Y2 Y. Y, YjL Y6 Y, to represent consecutive values of the daily temperature, the resulting mean of the sixth order and corresponding in point of time to the miiddle ordinate y, will be given by f + tGy -+t 15y + 20y++ 2 15y5 + 6ye + y7} and in general for n + 1 ordinates, the co-eficients are those of the nth pow er of a binomial and the divisor equals their sum. _No precise rule can be given prescribing the limiting number of successive means, but as the values converge towards a constant, at first rapidly and afterwards more slowly, it will soon be found that after repeating the process a few times very little inpression can be made on the results by continuing it, which sufficiently indicates that we have arrived at a practical limit. We may either compute directly by means of the formula, or we may set down each series of consecutive means; the latter process offers the advantage of a partial check in the regularity of progression of the numbers standing inll the same horizontal line. It will also be convenient to stop at an order of an even number, in which case the resulting means refer, in point of time, to noon, whereas odd numbers (which may be written between the line) refer to midnight. 2 Referring the reader to a subsequent part of this paper for the analyzation of the results connected with this inec uality, it nlay be stated that it proba~bly exists over the greater part of the BUnitecl States east of the M~ississippi Itiver, anal, perhainps with some modificatioH, also in other parts of the country; allied with it, but not necessarily connected, there appears also an inequality in the amount of greatest cold and heat extending over a number of years,' which, however, leaves the annual range almost undisturbed. These inequalities are necessarily of a periodic nature, and consequently out. daily means, in order to become truly normals, must comprise at least one full period (or at least half a period if the curve be regular and just includes the maximilum and minimnum). OFTHEATMOSPHERI0 TEMPEItATURE. 195 Day of Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Month. Toronto, Canada West. [General Sabine, Phil. Trans. I853, vol. I43, part i.] of every day derived from computation by Bessel's periodic function, q- o~.88sin (50+ 50~ 4It) q- O~.325 cos 6 0, the angle 0 reckoning from Jan. 15. I 250.2 23~.9 5~..4;6~.3 6~.4 6~.9 64~.7 6~.9 3~.r 50~.5 40~.5 0~.8 2 25.2 23.9 25.6 36.7 46.7 57.2 04.9 66 8 62.8 50.0 40.3 3o. 5 25'I 23'8 25'9 37. I 47.0 57.5 65. I 66'8 62.5 49.6 40.0 3o.I 4 25. I 23.7 26.2 37.4 47.4 57.8' 65.2 66'8 62.2 49. I 39.8 29.8 25. I 23.6 26.4 37.8 47.7 58. I 65.3 66'8 61.9 48.7 39.5 29.4 6 25. I 23.6 26.7 38. I 48.0 58.4 65.5 66'8 6I.5 48.3 39.2 29. I 87 25. r 23.5 27.0 38.5 48.4 58.7 65.6 66[7 61.2 47.9 39.0 28.7 25.1 23.5 27.4 38.8 48.7 59.0 65.7 66.7 60.8 47.5 38.7 28.5 25. I 23.4 27.7 39. r 49. I 59.4 65.9 66 6 60.4 47. I 38.4 28.2 i9 25.1 23.4 28.0 39.5 49.4 59.7 66 o 66'6 6o.I 46.7 38. I 27.9 II 25.0 23.4 28.4 39.8 49.8 59.9 661I 66]5 59.7 46.3 37.8 27.7 I2 25.0 [23.4 28.7 40.2 5o.I 60.2 66 2 66.4 59.3 46.0 37.5 27,4 13 25.0 23.4 29.1 40.5 50.5 60.5 66]3 66.3 58.9 45.6 37.2 27.2 I4 25.0 23.4 29.5 40.8 50.8 60.8 66.3 66.3 58.4 45.3 36.9 27.0 15 25.0 23.4 29.9 4I.I 51.2 6i.I 66.4 66 2 58.0 44.9 36.5 26.8 I6 24.9 23.5 30.2 41.5 51.5 61.3 66.5 66'x 57.6 44.6 36.2 26.6 I7 24.9 23.5 30.6 41.8 51.9 61.6 66.6 66'0 57. I 44-3 35-8 26.4 I8 24.9 23.6 3I.o 42. I 52.2 61.9 66.6 6519 56.7 44. I 35.5 26.2 I9 24.8 23.7 31.4 42.4 52.5 62.1 66.7 65.8 56.2 43.8 35. I 26.1 20 24.8 23.8 31.8 42.8 52.9 62.4 66.7 65.6 52.7 43.6 34.8 25.9 2I 24.7 23.9 32.2 43. I 53.2 62.6 6.6.7 65.5 55.2 43.3 34-4 25.8 22 24,7 24.0 32'6 43'4 53.6 62.9 66.8 65.4 54'7 43.0 34. I 25.7 23 24.6 24'1 32'9 43'7 53.9. 63'I 66.8 65.2 54-3 42.8 33'7 25.6 24 24.5 24'3 33'3 44. o 54.2 63.3 66.8 65.0 53.8 42.5 33'3 25.5 25 24.5 24.5 33'7 44.4 54.6 63.5 66.9 64.8 53.3 42.3 33.0 25.4 26 24.4 24.7 34'I 44.7 54.9 63'8 66.9 64.6 52.8 42.0 32.6 25.3 27 24.3 24.9 34'5 45.~ 55.2 64'0 66.9 64.4 52.3 41.8 32.2 25.3 28 24.3 25.1 34'8 45.4 55-6 04.2 [66.9 64.2 51.9 41.5 31.9 25.2 29 24.2 35-2 45.7 55.9 64.4 66.9 63.9 51.4 41.3 31.5 25.2 30 24.1 35.6 46.o 56.2 64.5 66.9 63.7 50.9 41.o 31.1 25.2 31 24.o 36.0 56.5 66.9 63.4 40.8 25.2 Toronto, Canada West. [Received from G. T. Kingston, Director of the Toronto Mag. Observatory, May 23, 187o.] Resulting annual fluctuation from a series of Io years of observation between I859 and I868, or mean temperature of every day derived from computation by Bessel's periodic function. 21.3 22.5 25.6 35.6 46.8 57.5 66.4 68. I 62.5 51.o 42.2 30.5 21.3 22.6 25.8 36.o 47.2 57.8 66.5 68.0 62.3 50.6 4I.9 30.0 2I.3 22.7 26.0 36.4 47.6 58. I 66.7 67.9 62.0 50.2 4I.7 29.6 21.2 22.7 26.2 36.8 47-9 58.5 66.9 67.8 61.7 49-9 41.4 29.1 21.2 22.8 26.5 37. I 48.3 58.8 67. I 67.8 61.4 49.5 41.2 28.6 21.2 22.8 26.7 37.6 48.6 59. I 67.2 67.7 6I.I 49.2 40.9 28.2 [21.2] 22.9 27.0 37'9 49.0 59'3 67.4 67.6 60.7 48.8 40.6 27.7 21.2 23.0 27.3 38.4 49'3 59-7 67.5 67.4 60'4 48.5 40.3 27.3 21.2 23.0 27.5 38.7 49'7 60.0 67.7 67.3 60.0 48. I 40.0 26.8 21.3 23. I 27.9 39.0 50.0 60.4 67.8 67.2 59.6 47.8 39.7 26.4 2I.3 23.1 28. I 39'4 50-4 60.7 67.9 67.0 59.2 47.5 39-3 26.0 21.4 23.2 28.5 39.8 50.7 6I.o 68.0 66.9 58.8 47.2 39.0 25.6 2I.4 23.3 28.8 40.2 5I.I 61.3 68. I 66.7 58.4 46.9 38.6 25.3 2I.5 23.4 29.1 40.6 51.4 61.7 68.2 66.6 58.0 46.6 38.2.24,9 2I.5 23.5 29.4. 40.9 51.8 62.0 68.2 66.4 57.6 46.3 37.8 24.5 21.6 23.6 29.7 41.3 52.2 62.3 68.3 66.2 57.2 46. I 37.4 24-2 21.6 23.7 3o.I 41.7 52.5 62.6 68.3 66. I 56.8 45.8 37.0 23.9 21.7 23.8 30.4. 42. I 52.8 62.9 68.4. 65.9 56.4 45'5 36.6 23.6 21.8 23.9 30.8 42.4 53.2 63.2 68.4 65.7 56.0 45'3 36'2 23.3 21.8 24.0 3I.I 42.8 53'5 63.5 68.4 65.5 55'5 45'0 35'7 23-I 21.9 24.2 31.4 43.2 53'9 63.8 68.5 65.3 55' I 44.8 35'3 22.8 21.9 24.3 31.8 43'5 54'2 64. I 68.5 65-I 54'7 44-5 34.8 22.6 22.0 24.5 32.3 43'9 54'5 64.4 68.4 64.8 54'3 44'3 34.4 22-4 22.1 24.6 32.6 44'3 54'9 64-6 68.4. 64.6 53.8 44. I 33'9 22.2 22.1 24.8 32.9 44.7 55'2 64.9 68.4 64.4 53'4 43'8 33'4 22.0 22.2 25.0 33.3 45.0 55'6 65. I 68.4. 64. I 53.0 43.6 32.9 21.9 22.3 25.2 33.7 45.4 55'9 65.3 68.3 63.8 52.6 43.3 32.5 21.7 22.3 25.4 34. I 45.8 56.2 65.6 68.3 63.6 52.2 43. I 32.0 21.6 22.4. 25.5 34.5 46. I 56.5 65.9 68.2 63.3 51.8 42.9 31.5 21.5 22.4 34.8 46.5 56.9 66. I 68.2 63. I 51.4. 42.6 31.o, 21.4 22.5 35.2 57.2 68.1 62.8 42.4 2i.4 196 DISCUSSION OF THE ANNUAL FLUCTUATION DMonth. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Provridence, Rhode Islarnd. Resulting annual fluctuation from a series of 28S years, I83I-I860, or mean temperature of every d ay, derived from the 6tlh order of successive means. I 27~. I 250.6 30~-0 400.5 5I.3 590*5 69~.8 70~.6 66~.2 56~.I. 45~.6 33~.6 2 26.6 24.8 29-3 40.8 5I.6 6I.3 69.8 73.5 66.2 55-9 45-7 33-5 3 26.2 24.6 29.0 41*3 5I 8 62.5 69.7 70.4 66.7 7 55 I 45-7 33 * 4 4 26.2 24-5 29.4 42.0 52.0 62.8 69.6 70-4 67.2 54-3 45-4 33.0 5 26.4 24.6 30.4 42.2 52.2 62.7 69 3 70.5 67.2 54.0 44.7 32.6 6 26.8 24-9 3I.6 43-2 52.6 62-.5 69.o 70.7 66.7 53-9 44-~ 32.2 7 27.I 25-3 32.6 43-8 53.o 62.6 68.g 70.8 66.o 43-6 32.2 8 27.3 25.6 33-4 44-3 53.2 63.2 69.9 70-7 65.3 53-7 43-4 32.3 9 27.4 25.6 33-8 44.6 53-3 63.8 70.7 70-5 64-7 53.6 43.0 32-3 I0 27-4 25-5 33-7 44-7 53.6 64.I 7I.I 70.3 64-3 53-2 42.4 32.0 II 27-5 25.2 33-7 44-7 54-2 64.I 7I.2 70.4 63-7 53-I 4I.9 3I.I I2 27.6 24-9 34-0 44-5 55s- 64.2 7I.3 70.8 62.6 52.8 41.6 30.2 I3 27-7 25.I 34-5 44.0 s5-5 64-5 7I.5 7I.I 6I.4 52.0 4I.2 29.8 14 28.3 25-9 34-7 43 4 55 7 65.0 7I.6 70.7 60.7 50.8 40.4 29.8 I 28.8 26.6 34-7 43-I 56. I 65.4 7I.5 69.8 60. 6 50.2 239.8 29.7 I6 28.8 26.7 35 ~ 43.2 56.9 65 5 7I.4 69.o 60.8 5C.?7 39.8 29.0 I7 27-7 26.5 35-5 43-6 57.7 65-7 7I.6 68.5 6I.3 5I-7 40.I 28.I I8 26.5 26.8 35-9 44-I 58.o 66.2 72- I 68-3 6I.9 52.2 40.3 27-3 I9 25.8 27.8 36.2 44-9 57.8 66-6 72.3 68.o 62.3 5I-7 39-7 27.0 20 26.I 29.4 36.5 45-8 57-5 67.I 72.4 67-9 6I.9 50-3 A387 26.8 21 26.4 30.7 36.4 47-~ 57-3 67-2 72-4 68.o 60.6 49-I 38-3 26.6 22 26.I 3I.3 36.I 47-9 57-2 67-4 72-3 68.2 58-9 48 7 38-3 26.3 23 25.9 30.8 36.o 48.2 57'5 67.6 72.2 68.2 57-9 1 48-6 37-9 26.3 24 26.5 29-7 36-5 48.3 57-8 67-9 72.I1 68.2 57-6 48 o| 36-7 26.5 25 27-4 28-9 37-3 48.6 58. | 68.2 7I.9 67.8 57-6 47-4 35-I 26.7 26 27-9 28.8 A38.I 49- I 58-3 686 |7I-6 67-3 57-5 45-9 34-0 26.6 27 27-7 29-3 38.8 49-5 588| 69 I | *7I.2 67.o 57-2 45-5 | 33-3 26.6 -8 27.5 3~-~ 39.2 49.8 59- 69-5 70.9 66.7 56-7 45-8 33.2 26.7 29 27-5 30.3 39-5 50.3 58.6 69-9 M 7 66.6 56-2 46-I 33-3 26.9 30 27- 3 39-9 50.9 5S~0 69-9 70.7 66.6 56- 1 46- I 33.6 27.I 3 1 26.6 40~3 S.- J 70-7 66 5 45.8 27-3 g New Haven, Conn. [ Conn. Acad. vol. i, part I, I866.] Resulting annual fluctuation from a series of 8'6 years of observations between I778 and I865, or mean temperature of every day clrived from. computation by Bessel's periodic function, T= 49~. I I + 22~.92 sin (O + 263' 38/) + 00 29 sin (2S + 345' 24/) + 00.45 Sill (38 + 229~ 50/) + 0~.02 sin (40 + I50~) + 0~.38 Sill (59 + 54' 3I/) - 0.08 cos 60, where 0 counts from Jal. 15. I 27,4 26.4 3II1 41.8 521 62.8 70.5 71.9 67-4 56-5 45-5 34-6 2 | 27-3 26.5 3I-4 42-I 52-5 63.I 70.6 7I.9 67-I 56-I 45-2 34-3 3 27.2 26.5 |3I7 | 42-5 52.8 63-4 70.8 7I.8 66.8 55-7 44-8 33-9 4 1 27. I 26.6 32.0 42-9 53- I 63-8 70.9 7I.7 66-5 55-3 44.5 33-6 s 27.0 26- 7 | 32-3 43-2 53-4 64-I 7I.0 7 7I-7 66.2 55.o 44-I 33-3 6 26.9 26.8 32.6 43-6 53-8 |644 711 7I.6 65-9 54-6 43.8 32.9 7 268 | 26.9 1 32.9 43.9 54.I 64,7 7I.2 7I-5 65-6 54-3 43.4| 32.6 8 26.7 27.0 33,2 44-3 54-5 65-I 7I-3 7I-5 65-3 53.9 43-I 32-3 9 26.6 27-I 33-6 44-6 54-8 65-4| 7I.4 7I.4 65.0 53-5 42.7 32.0 I0 26 6 27-2 33-9 45-0; 55-2 65-7 7I-5 I 7I.3 64-6 53-2 42.3 3I-7 I | 26 5 27-3 34-2 45-3 55-5 66.o |7I.6 |7.2 64-3 52.8 42.0 | 3I.4 I2 26.5 27-4| 34-6 45-7 55-9 66-2 7I-7 |7I-I 64.0 52-5 4I-6 3I1I I3 26.4 27-6 34-9 46.o 56.2 66.5 7I.7 7I.0 63-6 52-I 4I-3 30-9 I4 26.4 27-7 35-3 46-4 56-6 66.8 71.8 70.9 63-3 51-8 40.9 30.6 fi 5 |26-3 |27-9 35-6 46-7 |56-9 | 67- I |7I.8 70.8 | 2.9 | I-4 |4~-5 |3~-3 1 6 i 26.3 r 28.o 36.o 47- I 57-3 67-3 |7I-9 70.6 |62 5 |5I- I |40.2 |30- I I7 26-3 |28-2 36-3 |47-4 57-6 |67-6 |7I.9 |7~ 5 |62~It 50.7 1 39.8 |29-8 1 8 |26-3 |28.4 1 36-7 |47.8 58.o 67-8 |72.o 70-3 |6I-8 |50-4 |39-4 |29-6 I9 26.3 |28.6 |37.I |48.I |58-3 |68-t 72-0 |70-2 |6I-4 |50,o 39-I |29-4 20 26.2 28-8 37.4 48.4~ 1 58.7 1 8.3 72.o 0 o 1 6T.0 49.7 38.7 29.2 2I 26.2 29.0 37.8 48.7 |59.0 68.5 |72. I 69-8 60.6 |4-9.3 38.3 |29.0 22 |26.2 | 29-2 |38.2 49.I | 59-4 |68.8 |72.I 69-6 60-2 |49,0 38.o 28.8 23 |26-3 |29-5 35 5 49.4 59.8 69.o 72. I 69-5 59-8 48-6 37-6 |28-6 24 |26-3 |29-7 38-9 |49-7 |60- I | 9-2 |72 I | 9-3 | 59-4 |48-3 |37-2 |28-4 25 |26-3 |29-9 |39-3 |50. I |60-4 69-4 |72- I |69- I |59.o 47 9 136-8 |- 28.2 26 | 26-3 130-2 | 39.6 | 50-4 |60 8 |69.6 |72-I| 68-9 |58-6 |47.6 |36.5 28.I 27 |- 26,3 130-5 [40 0 |50.7 |6II-I 69.8 7 72- | 68-6 I 58 I A 472 |36-I | 27-9 28 |26-3 30-8 |4~-4 g 5I- 6I-4 |70.o 72.o 1 8.4 57-7 |46-9 35-8 |27.8 29 |26.4 | 1 4~-7 |5I-4 |6I.8 70- I 1 2-o 68.2 |57-~3 |46 6 135-4 27-7 30 |26.4 | 4I- I |5I-8 62- T 70.3 |72.o 67-9 |56-9 |46-2 35-o 27.6 | 3I | 26.4 | 4I.4 | | 62.5 | I.9 67.7 |, 45-9 | |27.5 OF THE ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE. 197 ay of Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. D)ec, Month. Marietta, Ohio. Resulting annual fluctuation from a series of 32 years, IS8-I859, or mean temperature of every day, derived from the 6th order of successive means. I 31I 8 31.3 37~3 47.7 60.3 65.6 72.3 72.3 69.0o 58.6 47. I 37 I 2 31.4 3I.0 36.6 48.I 60. 3 66.3 71.8 72. I 69.0 58.3 47.4 36.8 3 3I.0 30.7 36.4 48.8 60.3 66.8 7I. I 72.2 68.9 57.4 47.4 36.4 4 30.9 30.3 36.8 49.4 60.3 67.0 70.8 72.3 68.9 56.3 47.2 36. I 5 3II 30.0 37.9 49.8 60.2 67.2 7I.4 72.4 68.9 55.3 46.7 35.8 6 3I1.5 30~0 39.2 50.3 60. I 67.5 72.2 72.4 68.9 55.O 46.3 35.6 7 3I.9 30.3 40.4 50.9 60.0 68.0 72.9 72.4 68.8 55.2 45.9 35-5 8 3I1.7 30.7 4I.2 51.3 59-8 68.4 73.2 72.5 68.7 55.4 45.4 35.2 9 3I.I 31.2 41.4 I1.5 59-7 68.7 73.2 72.6 68.2 55.5 45'0 34.6 I0 30.9 31.6 41.6 52.0 59-O 68.8 73-0 72.7 67-3 55.0 44.8 33-9 II 3I. 0 32.0 42.0 52.5 60o.2 68.9 72.9 72.8 65.9 54.2 44.5 33- 5 I2 31.2 32.5 42.2 52.6 60.6 69, I 72.8 73-0 64.6 53. I 43.8 33-5 13 3I.9 |32.8 42. I 52.4 60.9 69.4 72.8 73.3 64.0 52.0 42.5 33.6 I4 32-7 |33.0 41.8 SI.9 6. 69.6 72.7 73.5 63-8 5I.2 41.4 33-6 I5 33.2 33.0 41.5 51.6 6I.5 69.9 72.5 73-3 63-7 51.2 4I.I 33.3 I6 33.0 |32.7 41.4 5I.6 6i.8 70.2 72.5 72.9 63.6 51.7 41.3 32.6 I7 32.4 32.8 41.3 51.7 6I.9 70.3 72.8 72.4 63.6 52.0 4I.5 32.2 I8 3I1.9 33.7 41 I 52.0 6I.7 70.3 73.2 71.9 63.7 5I-7 41.3 32.2 I9 3I9 35.1 4I.I 52.8 6I.4 70.2 73.6 7I-5 63-7 50.7 40.8 32.2 20 31.9 36.2 4I.4 54.3 6I.5 70.I 73.7 7II 632 49-7 40-7 38 2 31.6 36.9 42.0 56 1 62.1 70,0 73.8 3706 62.3 49.4 4I.0 3I.O 22 30.8 36.9 42.8 57.3 62.9 70.- I 73-9 7o. x 6I-3 49.3 4I-0o 30.4 23 30.3 36.6 43.6 57-8 63-3 70,I 74.0 69.8 60.8 49.2 40.0 30.6 24 130.3 36.2 44.4 57-9 63.4 70.4 74. I 69-7 60,8 48.7 38.4 31-3 25 |30.9 36. I 45.3 57.8 63-5 70-9 74-0 69.6 60 7 48.0 36.8 32.0 26 |31.4 | 36.2 46.o 0 57.6 63.9 7i.6 74-0 69.5 6o60. 3 47-5 35.8 32.0 27 |3I.8 36.5 46.4 57.5 64.5 72.2 74.0 69.5 59-7 47.0 35.7 3I.9 28 |32.2 37. I 46.5 58- I 65.2 72.5 74- I 69-4 59-0 46.6 36.2 32.0 29 32.6 37.6 46.7 59.2 65.5 72.5 74.2 69.3 58.6 46.3 36.9 32.2 30 32.6 46.9 60.o 65.4 72.4 73.8 69.2 58.6 46.3 37.2 32.3 3'1 32.0 47.3 65.3 73'0 69'i 46'8 32.2 Variability dn the nean tenbperatzure of any one day, in a succession of years. The fact that the amount of departure of the observed temperature of any day of the year from the normal value assigned to that day fiom a series of years, is variable at different periods of the year nay be verified at a glance by an examination of the accompanying diagram of the annual fluctuation sliowing the progression of the temperature from day to day. The zigzag lines or irregularities are evidently much greater in winter than in summer. To obtain ameasure of this irregularity we deduce the probable error of each normal, and thus secure the advantage of comparative numbers of the amount of this irregularity, as well as a knowledge of the degree of reliability of our normal temperatures. Let n, _ 1umber of years from which the mean temtperature of ally one day is dedllced. A - difference from this mean and anly observed temperature. e _ probable error of a single value observed, or the probable amount of ordinary departure from the mean or normal value. E _ probable error of normal value; then, mwitl sufficient accuracy for our pulrpose, 53A ~~~~~e e r- 0.845 and -- -. l/n (n2- 1) } 198 DISCUSSION OF THE ANNUAL FLUCTUATION To shorten the labor, I shall here only present the values of e and E for four epochs of the annual fluctuation, and for three days in each case, viz.: for January 20, 21, 22, for April 21, 22, 23, for July 22, 23, 24, for October 21, 22, 23; epochs which correspond respectively nearly to the times of maximum cold, of average temperature, of maximum heat, and again of average temperature. Selecting a station near the Atlantic sea-board, one on the western slope of the Alleghanies, and one near the Reel River, we have the following results:Probable error (e) of the mean temperature of any day about the periods of mnaximum cold and heatJanuary. July. 2oth. 2Ist. 22d. Mean. 22d. 23d. 24th. Mean. Providence, R. I.. 7~.0 6~.I 7~.9 4-7~.0 3~.4 3~.9 3~.2 +3~.5 Marietta, Ohio.. 7.0 6.9 7.2 -t+7.o 3.4 3.I 2.8 -+-3. I Washington, Ark.. 9.8 8.0 7.9 -+8.6 I. 6 I. 9 1.4 +I.6 and about the periods of average tenmperatureApril. October. 2Ist. 22d. 23d. Mean. 2Ist. 22d. 23d. Mean. Providence, RI... 4.4 4 ~.2 3~.9 14~.z 50.9~ 6~3 4~7 -1 5~.6 Marietta, Ohio. 5.7 5.8 6.6 __+6.0 - 6.2 6.4 5'3 4-+6.o Washington, Ark... 5.2 46 5.2 +-5.0 5.2 5.5 7.0 ~+5.9 W~e have also the probable error (E) of our daily normals as given in the preceding tables for Providlence (from a series of 28 years), for Marietta (from a series of 32 years), and for Washington, Ark. (from a series of 20 years). Providence. Marietta. Washington, Ark. January 20-22 e. -t-I.3.I~.2 -t-I~.9 April 21 -23.. 7-{-. 8 -+ I. I July 22-24 -.....6 _+O.5 _ +O.4 October 2I-23.....-I.o -+I.O -I.3 In midwinter the mean temperature of any day will, therefore, fluctuate, in different years, from 2 to 5 times as much as in midsummer, and the fluctuation for days in that part of the year where its mean temperature is reached) are intermediate between the maxima and minima values, In our annual curve of the temperature at Providence, the daily means for any two adjacent days in midwinter, will, therefore, ordinarily differ by E /2 or by -4- 1~.8, and in nfidsummer by - 0~.8, and at the intermediate times by A 1~.3, and may differ by three times these amounts, or even more, before positively indicating ally abnormal influence in the annual fluctuation. In a series of observations comprehending 100 years, the probable error of the resulting average temperature of any day, in the colder half of the year, would still be == 0~.6, and in the warmer half z= 0~.4, and on the average, the normals for two consecutive days will differ 4 0~.7, thus showing the difficulty of clearly making out small deviations at certain suspected periods of the year. If a series of observations can be had long enough to be divided into two or more parts, and the same apparent OF THE ATMOSPIHERIC TEMPERATURE. 199 deviations are noted in each, the probability of their being real and not accidental would be much strengthened. At Providence, for ally day in the winter, a deviation of 200 (or of three times the probable error [e] assigned), either in excess or defect of the normal temperLa ture of that day, is a limit which is but rarely surpassed, and for ally day in. summer this limit becomes 10~. At Washington, Arkansas, these limits must be changed to 25~ in winter, and to 6~ in summer. As a specimen of a table exhibiting the extreme heat and cold experienced, during a number of years, on the same calendar day, the followirg table is given from Dr. Wilson's paper, 20th Annual Report of the Regents of the University, State of New York (Albany), for 18G8. Day of Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Month. Geneva, New York. Lat. 420 52'. Long. 77~ 02' W. of G. Alt. 567 feet. From I2 years of observations; I854 to I865, inclusive. I 5IO 50 50~ -201530 13~|60 II~ 69~ 390 750 46~ 860 550 900 560 830 50o 690 400|730 340 590 12 2 41 -2 4 3 53 7 65 21 69 31 184 50 84 49 89 59 81 46 68 39 68 3I 54 14 3 4I 6 35.-5 57 5 65 25 68 36 80 50 88 49 86 57 82 46 o80 44 62 34 59 I2 4 52 7 16 - 6 657 6 I 28 67 34 87 38 84 32 92 62 82 47 79 42 69 23 54 II 52 73 6 5732 9 2 4 I 5 53 6 42 _-I 57 -I 68 23 78 40 84 44 87 52 84 6I 87 5~ 82 40 72 20 48 8.6 42 7 5 —I9 41 O5 26 45 I6 42 7 53 -I9 4I I0 S4 22 80 33 86 48 88 54 84 62 8I 49 74 36 62 24 53 I2 7 46 5 55 -I2 58 4 6I 27 84 31 86 47 88 55 90 57 88 56 79 36 58 22 53 8 8 42 I 39 -9 5I 5 63 25 8I 35 78 49 87 57 88 58 89 52 85 35 58 22 6I 4 9 4I - 8 46 I I 48 4 68 26 73 40 82 46 89 58 89 58 88 47 75 34 65 29 51 14 I0 46 -I6 44 4 49 -5 55 31 77 4I 85 47 go90 62 90 59 87 47 74 38 58 28 64 11 II 53 5 5I 3 54 13 72 29 69 30 86 41 90 57 9~ 58 86 53 76 41 59 27 54 13 12 65 25I 5 2 53 IO 66 32 78 36 83 46 9I 56 86 60 87 44 68 37 58 26 47 9 I3 43 6 42 -6 64.8 63 22 75 39 79 5~ 90 55 92 58 84 5o 63 33 55 22 47 I2 I4 4.2 5 42 I 54 I5 62 27 74 39 79 54 89 59 90 55 77 46 65 34 57 20 58 7 I5 44 6 56 5 56 4 62 26 82 46 87 54 88 60 82 56 86 37 70 29 50 22 54 5 I6 46 0 46 8 60 I6 67 32 84 39 80 46 90 58 84 55 82 52 66 30 48 27 58 I5 I7 40 I 56 -1 59 8 75 30 84 36 8I 50 97 56 84 54 85 48 77 35 58 26 45 8 I8 39 -I5 47 2 60 8 74 31 82 37 89 48 9I 58 86 52 9~ 48 73 37 56 29 49 -5 I9 42 2 46 — I 54 6 64 35 68 44 87 53 9I 63 85 5~ 78 41 74 3I 63 28 46 6 20 54 0 44 12 63 II 67 32 75 41 88 54 92 6I 88 54 86 37 70 30 45 20 45 5 21 51 IO 48 9 72 IO 64 34 82 43 87 55 89 56 85 57 76 48 70 29 48 23 40 I4 22 43 -8 49 4 50 I5 79 34 84 44 88 55 82 56 86 53 78 4163 33 52 24 37 I 23 51 -I 52 7 52 I5 66 32 85 45 86 54 84 58 79 5~ 78 40 57 36 50 23 44 7 24 48 6 59 8 49 I2 77 32 85 42 85 57 85 54 o6 52 75 45 65 32 57 I9 40 9 25 50 I 45 7 56 I6 70 31 85 43 91 55 go90 60 82 53 74 42 65 32 47 Io 52 12 26 52 5 49 Io 5I I9 72 32 84 44 88 62 9I 62 86 52 74 41 63 28 44 20 50 Io 27 54 3 60 I0 52 19 76 30 80 48 86 60 87 57 75 51 79 41 69 28 47 20 44 0 28 40 6 5I II 6I I3 78 30 82 44 89 54 88 6I 80 53 76 45 66 30 46 23 44 -2 29 39 I7 50 15 59 I7 69 33 83 4~ 94 56 87 62 78 55 7I 34 71 34 59 I8 46 -5 30 41 7 68 I8 68 37 80 39 90 52 86 56 80 48 74 34 72 33 60 20 38 I0 31 38 8 70 I6 i 82 40 91 53 76 48 72 32 39 3 Inequality in tle epoch of the anncual fztctuattion of the temperature. A secular inlequality in the law of the annual distribution of the temperature has lcltely beell loticed by A1Ir. WIingston, clirector of the Toronto observatory, w-ho stated that about the end of 18683 it was noticed that the normals given in General Sabine's paper (Phil. Tralls. vol. 143, 1853), derived from 12 years of observations at Toronto, betwveen 1841 and 1852, were wsholly ilaapplicalule to observations of recellt years, and that a nenz set of normals had been prepared in consequeence, Usillg the records for ten years between 1859 and 1868 and B~essel's interpolation formula. 200 nISCUSSION O0' THE ANNUAL FLU CTUATION He further communicated two tables,l showing by five-year means that Sanuuary was warmer than February i 1841-5, and has since become gradually colder, and tlat by forming two groups of years, whose centres were distant about 20 years, the temperature of winter and spring (1841-50) had now (1861-8) become lower, and the temlderature of summer and autumn higher, and suggests an examination of the larger series of places in the Unlited States with a view of learning whetler the progressive change is general or confined to special localities. In taking up the study of this subject the existence of such an inzequality was confirmed for a number of places, and its geooraphical range and epochs were approximately determined. Selecting, from our general tables of monthly temperatures, such stations as appeared to me best suited for tle purpose, on account of their location and length of record, the differences (J.-F.) of the monthly means of January and February, as well as the differences (J. -A.) of tle monthly means of July and August, were formed for each year, and the results were united into means of five years:Table of differences (J.-F.): a + sign indicates February colder than January, a - sign the reverse. a ~ ~ ~ E E I....~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ X k I__ I — I — 1 — 1 —i N U~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ o 79-9Epochs......8 - o.8 5 4-1 9~o9 ~ Fl~.... II.... I796-z8oo — z.8.... — 2.5 -.6 -Iz.4,...,............ I8OI-O5 14. I... /2.. 2.............. I806-I0 — 2.3 -4.6!.~ ~ 3.4 -4.2 4.5 ~ ~ 4.5......... I786-90o +.2......1 o. ~ I879I-5 4.6 4.O.. 2.9 -5-o. 8 -2.0......... I8796-2 iS ~.9...9...2. -3.6 -1.4........ i8o'-05 -4.1 ~ I~~ -2.3 — 2.4 -2.22 i8o6-io -23-4.6...( -3.4 -4.~2 -4.~5 ~ -4.5 1811-15 -4.~6 -4. o ~1 -2.9 -5. 4 -2.~5. -2.0 i8i6 —20 (. 2.9 ]-I.. -1.2 -3.6i 3~ 1821I-25. -4.2.. -2.7. -2.4.. 2.7'... — 9 -3.3. I826-30.. -3.5.. 2. I-2.. -2.8 -2..... -4.o -3.6 I83I-35.. -.2 -3.2.... -0.3 -+I.6 — I7 -3. I -4.6 3.0 -I.I +0.3 I836-40.. 2.8 -3'3. I.3 1-4 4 — o. I -2.9 I'. I 3-3 -3.2 1841-45 -O. o I +.I. I. -0.7 +0o.3 +2.6 [+-2.I] [+I.7] [+0.3] [t- 0. 5 [ —I.71 — 0.2 I846-50. [-+OI] [I.2] "'[2-3] [+- I6] [+-2.6J +I-.5 +0.5 +0.2 — o.I — 4.0 — 3.3 I85I-55.. -4.9..... -II o+0.8 -2.0 -4.2 -6.5 -3.8 -6.o 6.6 I856-60.. -5.8...... 34 -o-0.4 -2.6 -5. I.. -4.4 -3.9 -5.3 I86I-65....... _ 2.9 -i.6 -2.6 -3.7... — 4.2 -5.6 1866-69.... 1.1..... -2. — 3.9 Com-parison of means of Jan. and Feb. in groups of five years, from observations at Toronto:1841-45 Jan. warmer tlhan Feb. 2". 6 1856-60 Jan. colder than Feb. 0~.3 1846-50 " " " " 2.6 1861-65 "'" " " 1.5 18351-55 " "' " " 0.9 1866-69 " " " " 2.1 Comparison of seasons in two groups of years:Wiinter. Spring. STmmier. Anutumn. 1841-50...... 25~.1 41~.0 64~.7 460.4 18(G-68...... 3.4 40.3 65.6 47.4 Difference....... - -0.7 +0.9 — +1.0 In General Sabine's paper, the coldest day is Feb. 14, the warmest July 28. In 18419-68 ".' " Jan. 6, " " " 22. (Letter to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution of Jan. 25, 1870.) OF THE A''ITMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE. 201 In a few instances the means are derived only firom 3 or 4 years, and to complete the table means fiom a station adljacenlt to that heading the columnu were introduced; upon the whole, the table required the use of monthly recordls for an aggregate of 540 years. Notwithstanding the incidental irregularities in the successive values of this table, they appear to point conclusively to an epoch between 1841 and 1850 when the positive values reached a maximum, in other words, when the mean temperature of February was the lower (or when the lowest temperature of the year fell in that month). They also indicate, though with less certainty, a preceding epoch about the beginning of the century, when the coldest epoch of the year fell early in January, in which month it is again found at the present time. Such a shifting in the epoch of greatest annual cold Call only be of a periodic nature, and we may, therefore, look forward in the course of a few years to a return motion. To elucidate the point, whether the epoch of maximurn annual heat was accompanied by a corresponding movement, a similar table was prepared containing the differences (J. —A.), a + sign indicating July warmer than August, a - sign would indicate the reverse. Thle successive annual values of which this table is made up were found to be much more irregular than the corresponding values for the cold period, though the individual differences are smalle~r, a fact which might have been anticipated from our knowledge of the greater variability of temperature in winter when compared with that of summer. The parallelism of the movement over large areas, also, is less distinctly pronounced in summer than in winter. T"able of differences (J. —.) for supposed change in epoch of the greatest annual heat. 1 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~s U a~~~~~~ Epochs..... r~~~~~~~~~~~~- V o o7I9 o o o o o o o. +2. o. o o o 78I1-85 -0.2............ I786-9o0 i....7 1.............. I791-95.. +2.8 +o. 6 1796-i8oo +-'.i +I-9 q-1.9 -b1.3 I8SoI-05 -O.... I +1.2 + 1.8 +09. i~o6-io +-0.2 — 0.5..'+-0.8 -!-12 +.2 -— 1.2 I8I-15I +1.8 +1.2 2.5 — 0. 7 +1.4 +2.9.0.. I86 —20.-1.7 -I.8.. 5.. +2.5.. -1.2 +. +7. I8215.. -— 5 +2.8 -+2.4 +-2.2 +14 +.29 1826-30. 2. 1 4;.2 +2.4.. 6. +2.8 +0.7 $0. 1 +4.0 1831-35 +1'7 +3'0 +2.2 — 1.5 +2.3 +0. 7 - 6 +2.2 +4.0 5 I836-40 " +2'7 +4-3 +30 +2.9 32.2 +2.0 +3.9 +2.0 i841-.5 — 0.4 -i.4.. 5 +0.5 — 0.5 +1.2 + —10 —o +2.0 +3'4 +3'5 I846-50. +I.4 +3-9 -. +2.8 +2.0 +0.6 +0.7 +0.8 -1.2 +-I.2 +3.0 +2.0 I851-55. +4' 1...... +3'3' —~4 I+3'5 +o.6 +-.7 +2.3 +4.0 +I.I I856-60.. +2.9 e.. x.I 9 -I.6 +3-4 +o.5.. +3.2 +5.7 +4.7 I86I-65.......... +I.5 +-0. I.o +0.3...- +3.I +0.5 1866-69 _.... _-|. +4.6........ is ere appea~rs to be no regular progression in any of the figures oI thls table that could be ascribed as accompanying the singular anomaly of values betwveen 1841-50, and even w~hen means are taken for each five-,sear combination, the result remains inconclusive. If there is any variation in the epoch of maximum heat, it 26 MARCH, I875. 202 DISCUSSION OF THE ANNUAL FLUCTUATION must be confined within much narrower limits than the variation in the epoch of maximum cold. On the western coast the records of three stations were examined (San Die(To, San Francisco9 and Sitka), but, owing to the shortness of the record, only a glimpse of the existence of al inequality could be obtained with an indication of the occurrence of the extreme shift in winter later than in 1844. Taking means of the values-for the different stations, for winter and summer) we obtain the following results:Cold Season. WVarm Season. Cold Season. Warm Season. Epochs. No. of Mean of No. of Mean of Epochs. No. of Mean of No. of Mean of Stations. Jan. —Feb. Stations. July —Aug. Stations. Jan.-Feb. Stations. July-Aug. I786-90 2 -I.o 2 I — I.5 I83I-35 I0 — I.6 I 0 +-2.0O I79I-95 3! —I.o 1 3 — I. I 1836-40 9 -I.8 8 +2.9 I796-I8Oo 4 — I.8 4 at-I.5 I841-45 Io [+o.6] Io -I. I I8OI-05 4 — 2.7 4 +-I.O 1846-50 IO0 0.0 IO0 -t-+1.4 I806-I0 6 E —3 9] 6 [+o. 6] I851I-55 9 — 34 9 +2.'4 181 I-I5 6 — 3.6 6 + -I.5 I856-60 8 — 39 8 +3.0 ISI6-20 4 -2.4 6 - I.9 I86I-65.. I82I-25 6 -3.0 6 +- 1.9 I866-69... l826-3 6 3. o 8 - 1+.8 Extreme values are indicated by being contained within brackets, and they point approximately to the epochs 1809 and 1844, when the greatest cold fell on the average early in January and about the middle of February, respectively. Respecting the epoch of greatest heat, the figures leave us in no doubt, though the probability would seem to be il favor of a corres onading lateness about 1808 and an earlier occurrence in the position of the maximum at some rather undefined later epoch. If the preceding result could be considered as well established, the cycle of the shifting of these dates of maximum cold (and heat) would be about twice 35 years. Tables of observed extremes of temperatuclre, for every montla, for a series of years. To complete our information respecting the annual fluctuation of the temperature, it is necessary to examine the extreme variations from the normal values; with this view the following table of monthly extremes has been prepared for a number of selected stations. They comprise nearly all the longer series, for which maxima and minima have been tabulated; the extreme values given are those fourd in the record, entered at the regular hours of observation, as adopted by the respective observers, the cases of maxima and minima thermometers being very restricted. They do not, therefore, exhibit the absolute extremes, but only approximations to them; besides, the intervals of time over which the series extend are far too restricted to entitle the extremes to be regarded as anything more than approximations. For the geographical position, and the actual duration of each series, after the deduction of breaks, the reader will have to consult the OF THE ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE. 203 general tables of mean temperatures, given in Section I. Observations of a later date than 1870 are included in our table. lThe tabular values are taken from a large manuscript collection, which embraces the observed monthly extremes for every year separately; in this form the table was found far too bulky to conform to the plan of this paper, and only an abstract of the manuscript is here presented. The headings to the table give all the explanation needed. To render it easy to refer to the general tables for any further information, the table of extremes is arranged alphabetically, by States or Territories, and the stations in each are also given in alphabetical order. TABLES OF OBSERVED EXTREMES OF TEMPERATURE E'OR EVERY MONTH, FROM A SERIES OF YEARS. PRINCIPALLY FOR STATIONS WITHIN THE UNITED STATES. ALL VALUES ARE EXPRESSED IN DEGREES OF, THE FAHRENHEIT SCALE. 204: TABLES OF MONTHLY EXTREMES BRITISH NORTH AI~ERICA AND CANADA. HIGHEST TEMPERATURE' NAME OF STATION. HeJ ght. SERIES. ~j Begins. Ends. a = _ _ z. Caledonia Coal Mine, N.S. [,-.. 50 Jan. 1867; Dec. 1869 [ ) [ 4~6 ('.; 83 2. Chambly, C.E. ~ ~ Jan. 182o; Dec. 1826 [ I 61 } { ~ 8( 3. Fort Simpsoil... 3;o June, 1848; Apr. l~62 } } I 51 ([ i IOi 4. Halifax, N. S.... 8 Jan. 1861; Dec. 1869 t [ 56 ~) ~ 9: 5. Montreal, C.E. ~ ~ 50 Mar. I845; June, I863 3I 64 ~) ~ 91 6. Peel River ~ ~ ~ Feb. 1863; Dec. 1865 5 { 32 ~ z ( 8; 7. Rigolet, Lab.... July, 186o; June, 1863! ~7~ ( 8. St. John, N.B. )I 55 7( ~ ~ I35 Dec. 1863; Dec. 187o. 7 I 5~ ( ); 8( 9 St. John's, N.F... 17o Jan. I834; Feb. I869 E [ 55 (c ( 8< xo. Stanbridge, C.E... 222 Feb. 186o; Dec. 187o J 3{ 63 7[ f 9c II. Toronto, C. W.... 342 Jan. I84O; Dec. 187o' { 67 c ) f 9: I2. Wolfville, N. S.... 80 Jan. I861; Dec. I87o ~ b ] 57 i ) ~ 9~ i ALABAI~A. I. Huntsville...... 600 Jan. I$31; Dec. 1839 75 75 84 $6 9~ 92 2. Mobile...... 15 Apr. 184o; Sept. lg73 78 79 80 85 92 96 3. Mt. Vernon Arsenal.... 2oo Jan. 1843; June, 1874 80 $4 9~ 95 Io2 IOO ALASKA. i. Fort Tongass..... 2o June, I8d8; Sept. 157o 47 45 59 60 7~ 75 2. Fort Wrangel........ May, 1868; Sept. I87o 42 54 54 69 78 86 3. Illoolook...... July, 1829; Mar. 1867 43 52 64 53 61 67 4. Sitka....... 20 Jan. I833; JuneI874 55 55 64 70 7.5 82 ARIZOHA. I. Camp Bowie........ Io5 Aug. I867; June, 1874 87 IOO 2. Camp Colorado.... Jan. 1869; Dec. 187~ 3. Camp Crittenden 93 /I~5 1Io7... Mar. 1866 Dec. 187o 4. Camp Date Creek ~; 3726 [] ~ ~ Aug. 94]92 /I~5 1867 Dec. 187o 92 IOI ]108 5. Camp Goodwin.... Jan. 1866; May, 187o 96 /Ioo [Io6 6. Camp Grant.... I861; June, 1874, lOO lIo8 /Ii1 7. Camp Lowell Tucson... Nov. I866; Dec. 187o, 8. Camp McDowell. ~ ~ Sept. 1866; June, I874, ~oo [Io5 ]1 9. Camp Verde [98 /xo2 lli ~ ~ ~ Dec. 1868; June, 1874 lO. Cmnp Wallen 94 /III 14 ~. ~ Nov. I866 Sept. I869 11. Fort Buchanan.... 533~ Aug. 1857; Dec. 1859 87 J 89 {~o2' 9I 95 /io3 12. Fort Canby.... 6500 Dec. I85I; Nov. 1863 4 80 13. Fort Mojavd.... 89 [ 98 604 Jan. I86O; June, I864 ( 1Io I17 14. Fort Whipple.... 5700 Jan. 1865; June, 1874 [I94/98 {II.O ARKAHS~S. I. Fort Smith...... 460 Jan. I84o; Mar. 1861 80 87 9~ 96 93 99 2. Little Rock..... Jan. 184o; Dec. I867 71 78 80 84 87 95 3. Washington, near.... 66o Jan. I84o; Sept. I867 76 8o 9~ 92 94 95.............. z_.................. -....................................:................................................................... 5 OF THE ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERA&TUR E. 205 BRITISH NORTH AMERICA AND CANADA. DURING EACH MONTH. LOWEST TEMPERATURE DURING EACH MONTH. Year of Year of Extreme. Extreme b~~~~~.4-i u ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-~: d;~, bi 4 0 Heat. 0 Q) Cold. I 89 S 5 7 8 7f5 63 5f5 I868 -— IO -— i3 -- 4 ~IO 22 32 36 42 36 22 16' - 4 i868 2 92 90 ~9 80 63 54I 1825 -36 — 29 -I12 I3 30 5S 62 55 30 23 - 5 -22 i822 3 I04 80 70 68 30 46 1855 — 53 54 — 4-6 49 22 31 41 35 29 -- 7 —54~55 1851 10 22 iS~~~~~~~166 4 87 89 82 75 67 54 1864 I5 — I4 — 5 IO 22:32 46 41 34 19 I3 - 7 51IOI 94 93.81 64 51 1847 — 20 —32' — 9 8 25 40 47. 47 30 1IS- 2 —18 IS61 6 88 74 56 34 33 28 1864! —54 —55 —53 —20 — 3 5 3 ~ I9 — 1 —51 —56 1865 7 88 86 72 56 5~ 28 i861 — 31 35 -- 21 I44 19 30128 29 28 7 - 8 —24 1863 8 3 777 76 70 56 50 I866 -2I —III- 3 IO 29 39 45 46 36 22 10 -14 I866 9 86 81 77 71 61 47 iS611 — II —14 -15 12 iS 27 30 33 30 2I 12 2 1863 I0 95 90 85 83 69 52 1868 — 33 -36 -34 II 25 38 52 45 32 I6 2 —Ig i865 11 98 99 94 76 64 55 1854 — 27 -25-16 6 13 28 39 40 28 16- 4 —15 1859 12 88 82 82 82 67 63 1866 -- 9 —13 ~ 3 I2 26 41 55 49 39 26 I7M- 7 1861 ALABAMA. I 95 96 gI 86 78 68 I838 -9 9 — 7 11 31 40 5~ 51 54 39 29 I8362 j 98 96 96 94 85 76'1873 19 33 31 44 55 51 68 7~ 60 42 36 27 1873 3 ioo 1O4, 98 96 88 84 186o 9 13 23 33 48 58 61 57 46 32 24 14 i852 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ALASKA. I 92 81 67 58 51 46 1870 6 23 -- 2 33 38! 43 52 47 38 37 32 24 1 87o 2 78 80 68 58 48 42 1868 o0 16 lO 32 36 38 47 47 38 32 28 20 I870 3276 77 59 55 55 47 I8327 3 14 39 38 26 21 6 5[ 183~ 4 82 SO 7o 62 57 53 I 1334 4 9 Ig 28 3 34 30 28 19 4 2 I 874 ARIZONA.'8 i87 0 26 I 10:3 97 99 96'8o 1 873 o 2o 32 32 47 55 62 57 56 31 22 20 1873 2 lO6 lO8 I04 IOl 9~ 68 1869 30 33 31 49 54 61 80 74 63 52 43 31 1869 31~5 94 92 89 76 69 1868 25 23 29 40 49 56 61 59 57 39 27! 7 I869 4 iI IO5 lO6 97 86 84 187o 20 22 25 38 45. 48 65 58 52 32 27 16 1869 5 III 10lO2 98 98 83 72 1869 IO 20 30 34 54 59 7I 70 50 34 27 14 1866 6ii6 I 6 IO6 Ioo 98 8S 1871 ig 16 27 24 30 5~ 58 55 53 35 26 21 I874 71i12 102 IOI 96 98~ 78 ~ iS 22 22 27 36 52 53 72 762 4 31 20 1869 8 114 108 IIO 108 99 89 18695 16 18 30 29 43 49'62 65 5I 20 17 21 1874 9 I13 I05 IOI 99:89 7 5 I873 5 12 Ig1 27 34 43 48 5~ 36 16 6 6 1874 IO 100 9I 94 90 82 76 I867 23 3 30 36. 49 5~ 64 61 52 35 I7 16 1867 II I02 98 95 93 75 78 I858 14 24 13 28 42 57 60 56 55 28 24 I5! 1858 12 99 96 87 79 72 65 1855 -20 —I2 - I I2 I9 30 36 43 30 17 O 25 I855 I 3iiS ii6 iog I05 90 81 I87o6 21 I4 36. 40 47 39 47 52 45 27 20 23 I8735 14 I05 9I 92 93 88 83 I865 - IO 10 I1 31 36 31 48 32 12- II-9 1866 ARKANSAS. I Ioj 10~~ ~~2 IIg 7 7 80 -- 41-3 246 37 4F7 54 49 32 26 6 OI I840 2l94 96,88 9~ 76 86 I84o 16 17 12 4o 5~~ 58 64 65 51 24 19 23 1867 ~3 lO8 lO2 98 9~ 82 78 I86o 3 6 61 24 381 48 54 52 36 24 15 — 6 1845 1 Also in 1834. 9. Also in 1832. a Also in I83o. t Also in 187o. *; Also in 1874.~ 6 Also in I873. 206 TABLESlt OF MONTHLYII; EXTREMES~E HIIGHE ST TEMPERATURE SERIES.. NAME OF STATION. Height. Begins. Ends. I. Alcatraz Islandc... Feb. i86o; June, 1874 78s 70 78 ~ 82 806 888 2. Angel Island 30 Dec. iS67; June, I874 72 75 7~6 83 93 88 3. Benicia Barracks 64 Nov. 1849; June, IS74 70 78 82 98 95 103 4. Camp? Bidwell 468o Nov. i863; June, 1874 72 77 82 85 90 97 5- Camp Cady 3000 Jan. iS68; Dec. I 870 7 I 76 90 98 I04. II4 6. Camp Gaston. Sept. i86i; June, 1874 66 69 83 89 II03 I08 7- Camp Independence 4800 Nov. i862; June, IS74 73 718 86 95 95 105 S. Camp Lincoln... Sept. iS66; May, I 869 1(62 70 70 7 7 86 7 5 9. Camp Wright. July, i864; June, I874 77 81 89 91 102 108 io. Drum Barracks 32 May, iS64;; Nov. IS70 81 80 85 95 10I 99 I I. Fort Bragg. Dec. i86o; Sept. iS64 64 65 70 75 72 72 12. Fort Crook 3390 Jan. 1858; Apr. I 869 53. 68 7 6 84 89 99 13. Fort Humboldt 50 Jan. IS54; Dec. iS69 66 70 72 75 73 78 14. Fort Jones.. 2570 Jan. 1853; June, 1858 60 70 82 92 98 99 15. Fort Miller 402 Aug. I85I; Aug. iS64'70 74 88 101 II3 12I I 6. Fort Point. 27 Jan. iS6o; Dec. I870 65 74 70 77 83 76 17. Fort Reading 674 Apr. IS52; Mar. I856 72 80 89 89 95 io6 I S. Fort Tijon, 13240 Mar. 1855; Aug. 864 72a 73 83 84 90 100 I 9. Fort Ter-Waw. Apr. IS59; Oct- i86i 58 67 80 82 78 84 20. Fort Yuma 200 Dec. 1850; June, 1874 83 86 94 io6 ioS, 1I7 21 I. Monterey 40 May, 1847; Dec. i869 76 74 86 85 85 92 22. Point San Jos6... Mar. i866; June, 1874 65 75 78 90 81 87 23- Presidio 150 Oct- 1S47; Jul-le, 1874 72 74 82 82. 86 89 24. Sacramento 52 July, 1849; Dec. i 866 63 73 89 94 9 1 101 25. San Diego.. 150 July, IS49; Apr. I 866 1180 83 90 93 96'102z 26. Union Ranche... Jan. i86i; Dec. 1862 1164 70 So 87 92 102 27- Yerba Buena Islanci.... Feb. iS69; Oct. 1873 70 74 8 3 80 88 90 I. Fort Garland 8365 Sept. 1852; June, 1874 59 I 64 7 8 9 93 2. Fort Lyon 4000 Ja. 86i; June, iS74 7275S 98 8I0 r. Colebroolr. Iz~~~~~~~~~~~o ~ Jan. IS I; Nov. 1870 53 5 s 7 91 2. Columbiia... jail. - iS1; Dec. 1870 7o 64 78 82 92 96 3. Fort Trumbull 23 Jan. 1827; June, 1874 62 6i 69 82 92 93 4. Middletown 175 Jan. iS6o; Dec. 1870 56 63 78 85 86 95 5. New Haven 45 July, 1778; Oct. i865 64 68 76 85 93 102 6. Pomfret 5S7 Jan. i86i; Dec. i 868 5 6 5 7 69 80 87 89 I. Fort Abercrombie Feb. 1859; Julie, 1874 43 44 58 S' 102 99 2. Fort Buford I goo San.ept. iS66; June, 1874~ 52 51 78 88 99 io6 OF THE ATMIOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE. 207 CALIFORNIA. DURING EACH MONTH. II II OWEST TEMPERATURE DURING EACH MONTH. Year of Year of!Extreme Extreme o o~i o o o Heat. o F o o Cold. 0 0'0: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I 69 75 9~ 89 84 87 1872 37 42 39 o20 43 46 46 48 48 45 43 38 1870 2 93 85 88 85 74 7I I87o01 34 34 35 37 45 46 37 49 48 44 38 36 I873' 3 I02 IO5 97 96 84 68 I857 I 9 2I 26 36 40 47 47 46 46 44 27 25 I854 4 96 99 90 79 82 6I I870 — I8 —8 o 9 22 31 39 38 24 I2 91 —IO 1868 5 II8 II2 Io9 IOI 80 77 I868 I5 22 30 4O 5I 56 72 68 52 34 28 I2 I869 6 iio II4 Ioo 92 77 70 I870 23 25 23 31 39 45 47 48 4I 30 2I I9 I872 7 7 I07 I07 OO 90 80 73 I8672 I3 I I4 2I 29 38 48 3I 37 21 I2 - 2 I873 8 88 82 94 93 7I 68 I867 27 30 3o 35 38 44 48 49 42 39 35 33 I1868 9IIo IIO I0o8 1o3 86 76 I8705 I8 15 16 26 33 32 35 39 34 25 I8 I6 I867 Io 98 Io02 97 Io~ IO3 86 I869 35 31 33 45 49 55 58 55 5~ 43 35 28 I869 II 78 78 75 72 70o 66 I863 29 18 3I 31 39 45 46 44 42 39 31 30 I86I 12 I03 IOO 96 85 7I 60 I858 -20 4 2 I8 3I 40 48 46 30 20 IO 0 1859 I3 80 73 78 89 75 66 18I62 I6 29 30 29 32 40 4I 46 42 33 30 20 I854 I4 I03 I06 9I 88 72 60 1856 -I7 II 20 27 25 32 42 4I I8 24 I6 — I7 I8554 15 118 II3 II4 98 88 72| I853 23 32 29 38 41 51 59 54 50 41 28 28 I854 I6 80 74 82 82 72 68 1865 31 35 36 )44 46 50 5~ 5~ 5~ 47 40 36 1862 I7 IIO I07 IO08 98 87 7I I854 I5 30 29'36 44 51 53 5I 39 35 31 II I855 I8 97 98 98 89 76 68 I859 24 28 28 30 30 46 57 56 48 29 27 22 I855 I9 73 88 9- 80 68 62 1860 3I 31 32 35 4I 48 48 52 46 41 3I 30 I3596 20 II6 II5 III 1o5 88 84 I859 26 I9 32 46 46 59 70o 60o 59 35 34 I5 I850 21 92 86 95 90 82 75 1867 30 29 32 38 40 45 46 44 43 36 33 27 1869 22 87 80 80 9~ 7I 71 I8716 23 32 35 36 34 34 39 32 34 30i 33 29 I87I 23 95 84 91 92 78 70 I872 27 33 35 38 40 40 46' 4I 47 45 39 34 I854 24 I02 I02 Ioo00 94 74 68 I8497 29 31 35 43 4I 55 52 50 45 44 34 28 I849 25 99 99 IoI I03 84 78 I 859 27 27 3I 40 39 48 56 56 62 38 34 26 I854 26 IO7 I04 IOI 9O 77 64 I86I 20 30 32 37 44 54 63 60 58 4II 34 30 I862 27 9~ 78 19~ 92 73 66 I87o 38 40 40 40 42 46 48 50 50 44 4I 34 I872 COLORADO. 1I 97 96 89 80 76 70 I87I -40 -23 I 0 I4 3~ 30 39 24 3 35 30 1873 2 IO8 108 99 92 82 73 I8688 -25 -22 - 7 II 22 34 41 40 29 13 - 3 -23 1870:~~~~~~~~~~~~~: I, I CONNECTICUT. 1 94 92 87. 84 7I 59 1I868 — 251 —28 —IO 15 25 46 52 47 31 20 9 —1I 1861 2 |I00 95 94 88 80 78 I866 |201-18 - 6 23 35 46 53 48 34 22 I6- 6 1866 3 98 94 90o 77 67 60 I872 -15 - 81- 3 15 25 33 44 44 32 24 II|- 71 I866 4 95 97 89 85 75 6I I870 — I4-1-71- 4 I9 32 46 51 48 33 23 I4 — I8 1860 5 IoI 98 92 1 83 74 68 I864 — 24 -16- 9 II 27 35 44 39 27 1I9 21 —II 1835 6 9I 90 84 8i 69 1 55 I 866 -19 -201- 3 Io 3~ 45 51 50 37 2I 141- 5 I86I DAKOTA. I 104 102 94 82 78 50 I87I — 35 —401 —40 - 7 1I9 35 34 32 20 1 7-2 -32 I8618 2 I06 IO2 99 96 78 60 I8682 — 38 — 361 —401 5 I5 32 37 29 8 41 —331-351 I867 3 1IO7 IO8 IO6 92 80 67 I863 — 32 -303 I9 O IO 37 42 34 I9 21-I414 30 1873 4IO3 IO2 87 8I 70 54 I869 -- 251 — 291 — 24 II 37 42 45 1 39 32 21- 71-2411 I870 5 |I4 Io7 IOI 93 80 64 I87r |301o —26 —I2| ~ I9 37 42 36 24 - 31 —I2|_27 I87I 6 102 Ioo 93 85 74 55 187I |-32 _321 —241 4 28 37 43 4~ 22 19 —2435 1872 DELAWS EtE. IOI II lnJ~d 1161 I~l =4Ii 149 53 51381 4iil7/ 313= =ol 9 866 S Also in I86 o. a Also in I872.. * Also in I863. 8 Also in I869. 208 TABLES OF MONTHLY EXTRi:{EMES DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. HIGHEST TEMPERATURE NAME OF STATION. Height. SERIES. Be-ins. Ends. d 1. Washington..... IiO Jan. 1822; Dec. I870 74 FLORIDA. I. Fort Barrancas..... 20 Jan. IS22; June, 1874 78 78 86 85 93 I04 2. Fort Brooke... 20 Jan. 1825; July, I869 88 89 88 91 92 96 3. Fort Dallas.. 20 Apr. I85O; May, 1858 89 83 85 86 go 88 4. Fort. Jefferson.! Ii Feb. I86I; Nov. 1873 85 84 88 91 95 95 5. F6rt King. 5~ Jan. I833; Feb. IS43 85 86 93 94 98 lO6 6. Fort Marion... 25 Jan. I825; May, I866 84 86 8S 92 97 I03 7. Fort Meade. So 80 May, 1851; Nov. I854 81 87 88 92, 95 96 8. Fort Myers... 5~ Jan. I85I; June, I858 84 86 9o 94 94 98 9. Fort Pierce... 30 Oct. I85I; May, IS58 83 87 89 go 98 96 io. Indian Key..... I... Jan. 1836; Dec. 1838 Si 85 83 [ 86 88 88 xI. Key West...... Io Jan. 183I; June, I874 88 88 90 91 95 97 GEORGIA. i.Agsa. Atlanta I050l o~ July, IS70o; June, 1874 72 75 79 89 94 95 2. Augusta Arsenal ~ ~ ~ 350 Jan. 1826; June, I874 77 97 86 94 96 1oo 3. Oglethorpe Barracks 40 Jan. 1834; Mar. 1870 8 87 86'93 96 IO2 4. Savannah..... 42 June, I837; June, I874 78 85 88 94 97 Io2 IDAHO. I. Fort Boise.... Feb. r864; June, I874 60 69 83 83 95 io6 2. Fort Hall... Jan. I87I; June, IS74 54 53 70 78 92!99 3. Fort Lapwai Jan. 1864; June, I874 65 6i 69 85 IoI IO5 ILLIN'OIS. I. Augusta...... 50o Jan. 1861; Dec. 1870 66 69 79 83 87 99 2. Chicago 60o Jan. I833; Dec. 1870 64 64 84 84 98 I02 3. Fort Armstrong... [ 528 Jan. I827; Dec. 1835 64 60 74 87 96 96 4. Galesburg...! 795 Jan. iS62; Dec. I870 67 63 79 85 87 96 5. Highland... 620 Jan. I84I; Dec. 1852 68 74 -82 88 94 Ioo 6. Manchester 683 Jan. IS6O; Dec. 1870 68 70 80 86 92 99 7. Pleasant Ridge Nursery 55~ Jan. IS64; Dec. I869 60 62 77 86 92 99 8. Rock Island Arsenal. 528 Feb. 1866; June, I874 64 66 75 89 94 I02 9. Sandwich.... 575 Jai. i86o; Dec. I869 65 68 74 86 go 96 IO. Springfield...... 55~ Jan. 1865; Dec. 1869 52 7~ 75 88 92 94 II. Winnebago.... goo Jan. 186o; Dec. I 870 48 58 73 85 91 99 I. New Harmony...35o Jan. I86o; Dee. 187~ 68 66 78 86 91 96 2. Spiceland.... Io25 Jan. I 864; Dec. 187~ 64 66'74 84 94~ 97 3. Vevay....525 Jan. I865; Dec. I837o 69 7~ 82 97 98 IOO OF TIIE ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE. ~09 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. DURING EACH MONTH. LOWEST TEMPERATURE DURING EACH MONTH. Year of Year of l 4 i ~0 I ~ d ~ b'~' ~: [ d Extreme Z;'~ b o ~ Heat. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ = o Cold. ~ ~ o I lO3 IIOI 95 90?5 ~2 [!838 o14 _.o 5 __._o 5 ~4 ~3 z~5 ~o'~9 i ~3 22 ~12 —— ~I0 I835 { { {. {,. FLORIDA. I IOO lO2'98 92 86 87 1854 II 28 3~ 36 5[ 67 58 47 28 19 15 1852 2 94 98 94 9~ 88186 1848 3~ 34 40 52 59 64 55 59 45 29 28 1857l 3 92' 95 i 93 87, 88 3~ 35 42 5~ 63 68 71 73 72 55 5~ 35 1857 4 97 98 mlOO 9~ 89 85 1871 48 55 5~ 58 59 72 7~ 72 71 65 56 42 1868 lO3 IO6 too 99 88 88 1833 87/185~ 27 1835 96 96 93 89 86 82! i837 23 II 27 44 44 60 I 64 I 55 54 i 3I I 28 21 26 32 3~ 48 58 7o 65 57 43 33 23 I831 7'95 96 93 9~ 86~ 83 185~ 24 34 39 44 56' 65 68 68 58 49 36 3~ 1852 8 95 95 9993 89 85 1856 31 33 38 49 61 169 71 173 66 52 42 32 1852 29 3~ 38{48 64 70 67 70 7~ 46 40 29 I85-IS 88 89 88 87 84 82 1836 49 47, 56 62 64 7.I 73 72 73 62 58 54 1836 9 97i95: 95i89i86 88 1852 I1'96 98 98 93 89i86 18614 44! 451 49 5~ 60 63 72 73 66 65 52 48'1857....... O-.'P. ORC~IA... {. - 1 196 97 96! 92 81 78 1873 3 15 1233 44 59 65 56'46 21 1o 6, 1873 2 IO3 IOO 98 92 80 79 I845 8{ —2' ]533 46'56 56 58 43 26 ii io 1535 3'99 96 99 89 82 78 I845 22 I6 28 38 52 54 64 59 48 32 31 20 1835 4 ~oo 98 81 80 18395 18 32 27 41 5360 68 6'9 49 36 27 15 I87C-,5 971 88 iI i........... IDAHO.......... r 1I II3:I2I 97 95 75 67 1871 9 —10 5 27 35 41 50 47 3:1 20 ~I4 1865 2 ~o2:tOX 97 9O 68 60.1871 12 II ~ I 12 25 33 40 3~ 18 7 ~ 6 I8726 3 IIo lo3 95 86 72 64 I864 31 o I24 29 38 39 40 2o 17 o~I5 1865 i i I.. _. ILLIHOIS.......... I 96 97 lOO 87 75 7~ 1864 t —26~I7~ 5 23 35 49 55 5~ 34 I6~i2~I9 1864 2 lO6 lO2 97 90 74 78 1868 ~25 ~22~I2. 13 29 38 4.6 42 3~ 16~ 4~2'o 1864 3 98 95 9~ 88 74 68 183o — 24~24~I4 20 38 46 50 51 36 20 o~16 18307 96j95 94186 69 69 18684 32 38 — 297 —22 —71 2o 33 I4 ~6 —22 I864 lOO 99 lOO 87 8o 68 18418 — 15~ 4 2 2o 34 38 48 47 34 I7 3 — 7 1852 6,IOI I01 I02 9O 78 69 1864 ~24~I4~ 3 20 33 48 53 44 34 1I 0~15 1864 I02 94 94 8O 7~ 58 I868 ~24~19~ 7 18 34 42 5~ 48 33 17 3~14 1864 1oo ~1o2 4 i,9 94 87 68 66 187o6 ~29 ~211~I41 16 34 39 51 38 31 12 ~ 7~26 1873 9 97 98 98 85 70 64 186o9 ~26 —25!~ 8 I6 29 43 5~ 46 32 12 ~ 3~22 186010 1o Io3 98 95 84 8o 64 1868 9 2 ~I21~ 2 26 34 46 56 51 40 20 ~]8 1868 97 9s 9o{8s 68 6o 87o -2 _=61_9 I4 30 45 5~ 46 31 15 — 6 —20 i864....... _ iNDIAHA,........... I 99 99 93 86 75 7~ 1868 ~I5~ 2 7 28 34 48 56 48 38 20 I — II tOO 1866 97 94 82171 61 1864 ~I9/~2I O25 34 49 55 48 39 15;~ 3 IOO 98'.99 96 78 76 1865u -- 4l~IO 623 35 5~ 58 5~ 42 21 IO~9 1867 L i i, i......... I Also in 1827. ~. Also in I852.' a Also in 1857. 4 Also in ]870. Also in I845. 6Also in 1873. v Also in 1835. 8 Also in I84-3. 9 Also in ]861. ]0 Also in I864. n Also in 1865 and 1866......................................,,., _,...... _,., _:...... 27 APRIL, 1875. 210 TABLES O~s oF MONTHLTM:~1Y EXTREMES E HIIGHEST TEMPERATURE NAME OF STATION. Hei ht. SERIEIS. 6 Begins. Ends. C i. Fort Ar-bucktle I... I0 Oct- 1850; Aug. IS70 705 804 904 92 100 100 2. Fort Gibson 56o Janl. 1828; June, 1874 83 8o 95 95 99 103 3. Fort Sill. July, 1870; June, 1874 77 80 90 97'98 103 4. Fort Towson 300 Jan. 1833; Apr. 1854 787 82 89 92 99 98 5. Fort Washita 645 Jan. 1843; Mlar. i861 79 86 92 94 95 99 IOWA.P~ i. Algona. I Ijo Jan. i862; Dec. 1870 44 48 68 80 92 98 2. Brookside Jan. i 864; Dec. i 868 48 5 5 76 88 93 100 3. D~avenport 737 J an. i862; Dec. i 869 5 3 60 7 1 8 i 86 go 4. Bubuque 6So60 Jan. i86o; Dec. i870 5)5 171 74 84 9I 102 5. Fort Atlkinson 700 Jan. i842; Mlay, I846 53 53 82 88 84 90 6. Fort Dodge 944 Aug. i85I; Dec. i868 52 55 74C 71 89 98 7. Fort M~adison, near 6oo Jan. i86o; Dec. i870 6o 68 76 85 9I 100 S. Guttenberg 6go Jan. i867; Dec. I870 46 56 74 88 91 103 9. Independence 850 Jan. i864;; Dec. I870 4-9 53 63 87 91 102 10. Iowa City 62I Jan. i86i; Dec. I870 55 68 72 90 90 99 I I. Monticello 880 Jan. i866; Dec. 1870 45 61 77 89 90 102 12. M~ount Vernon~... Jan. i864; Dec. I870 45 60 75 90 93 98 13~ - Muscatine 586 Jan. I839; Dec. i865 I 6o 7i S4 86 go 96 14. Spring Grove... Jan. i864; Dec. i869 45 5o 66 80 87 90 i 5. Vawter's Gr-ove 1500 Jan. i867; Dec. 1870 48 58 82 87 9I 97 i 6. WVaterloo 666 Jan. i865; Dec. i869 46 52 77 S2 87 96 x. Atchison 1000.. Io Jan. i867; Dec. 1870 58 68 7o go go roi 2. Baxter Springs... Jan. i868; Dec. 1870 68 78 84 86 96 103 3- Council Grove 1480q~ Jan. i866; Dec. 1870 62 75 92 89 91 IOO 4. Fort Atkinson 2330 Nov. i850; Sept- 1853 68 69 85 88 92 93 5. Fort Dodge... Nov. i867; Feb. 187I 71 S82 86 gi go ioi 6. Fort H~ays 2107 Aug. i867; June, IS74 80 74 86 g?, gi io6 7. Fort Lamed 1I932 Sept. i86o; June, I874~ 67 8I 86 96 99 105 S. Fort Leavenworth ~ 896 jai..13;Jue 841 69 78 89 1I02 94 103o 9. Fort Riley 1300 Nov. i853; June, i874 69 77 813 95 99 104 i o. Fort Scott 1000... oo Jan. i843; Mar. I853 75 77 87 87 90 92 i i. Holton II72 Jan. i868; Dec. 1870 6o 67 91 gi 9i io6 12. Lawrence 850 Jan. i868; Dec. I870 64 72 93 89 91 I01 13. Leavenworth City S96 Jan. i86i; Dec. 1870 65 70 95 go 98 102 I4. M~anhattan I Ioo Jan. i86i; Dec. i870 61 70 87 93 93 102 I5- 01atha... Jan. i866; Dec. i870 60 70 91 89 97 IOO i. Chilesburg go a.i6;De.I7 26 76 82909 2. Nwpor Baracks500 July, 1847; Jun, 87 7 6 8o g go 9 OF THE ATMOSPHER1CI TEMPERATUREE. 211 INDIAN TERRITORYBhI'1F~~9~' DURING EACH MONTH. I LOWESTT TEMPERATURE DURING EACH MONTH'. YTear of Y i lear of 1 I09 I07 9~9 904 83 705 1856 -4- 4 Ir 25 3~5 SI 54 56s~ 38s 206 ) I2- 1 1xte8561Cod 2 io6 ii6 103 95 86 gi 1834 -20 -I2 7 28 32 50 54 371 30 IS O1- 8 ISS7 3 I09 109 103 96 84 75 IS71 0 20 27 39 54 SO 59 46 2I 81-II I873 4. I02 101 IOO 88 82 78 I 845 0 I 0 30 38 5 2 5 4 5 6 35 24 10 I83 52 5 IO6 io6 ioo 92 84. 78 18453 - 4 I 10 28 38 52 6i 58 42 29 I7 I i857 1 97 96 89 86 72 SS I 864 — 29 — 26 — 25 1 3 30 45 5 5 43 30 1 0O 6 -IS 862 2 105 98 97 86 68 5 1 I 868 -26 -35 -11 I 0 33 47 50 44 29 10 1 I-27 i868 3 95 9I 1 88 S2 69 5 6 i868 — 22 — 24 -- 8 1 9 3 21 32 51 1 5 I1 3 5 1 9 3 -17 1868 4- 100 98 9 1 85 67 58 1870 lj-29 -20 j- 7 I 3 36 50 53 46 34 I 9 6 -61-23 i864 5 99 92 92 84 78 46 iI S44 19 Ij-22 — I6 4 29 40 44 44 22 2 1-I 2 -22 I 8424 6 99 93 90 82 170 5 8 ii 868 11 —28 — 25 -19 I 6 3 1 5 1 5 7 50 34 I 8 -- I -18 I852 7 105 103 97 85 72 66 1870 1-33 — 20 - 12 IS 33 44 40 41 29 i6 1- 2 — 20 I 864 8 99 99 87 82 68 5 2 I8;70 11-30 -37 — 20 i6 27 4I 50 42 26 8 - 4 -22 I 868 9 99 97 88 8 I 69 5 2 1870 ll-30 — 2 I - 6 1 7 34 4-7 58 48 34 12 I- 5 — I6 I 864 10 Ioo 99 92 86 72 62 I 870 11-26 -5 51 -13 20 3 1 42 46 43 33 I 6 I -171 I 864 101 98 90 g 82 68 5 5 I870 -22 i —jo -IO 22 I 3 9 83 6'I-IS I 868 12 99 9 5 90 80 7 6 5 3 i1 S68 — 24 — 20 — I I I 30 43 5 2 49 30 I 6 - I-IS1 i864 13 98 ioi 96 87 75 70 i86i -2 -5 I 23 33 42 36 30 8 -11 -22 I 86o 1 4 92 94 86 7 68 47 iS67 5 il29 -I4'-19- I I 30 034 50 42 30 1 9 -- 5 — I3 I 864 1 5 II03 97 89 8 1 71 5 8 I 868.!-IS — I6 - 12 17 36 49 33 47 33 1[3 1- 2 —21 I 868 i6 too 96 88 So8 68 48 iS68 IS -i28 -20 1 5 32 4650 40 30 14 0 — 19 I S 6 i oo ioi 96 90o 76 62 I870 - 6 - 6 -14) 23 34~ 52 6i 133 2 iS67 2 i~o6 ioo 95 S6 79 70 i868 -i- 2 -- 7 632 46 54 7o 62 4624 22 -10 1 870 3 io6 102 96 93 78 67- iS68 -12 l- 6 -I71 24 36 50 SS 4S 33 24 6 — IS1 i867 4 96 102z 94~ 86 68 6o i853 I — 6 2 9 22 43 45 64 56 40O 30 IO — I2 I850 s ro3 Ioz 93 -o18 9 I6 - 5 -- 1 4 31 42 52 60 50 38 IO 1I g9 6 iio 104 I02 97 96 82 i868 -I 5 — 15 4 23 30 49 57 46 30 5 - 7 — 15 IS7271 7 115 105 1I04 98 82 79 I87I -22 - 9 4 II 31 49 54 47 34 II 1 _I3 i86i 8 io5 I05 I04 93 78 71 i86css -30 -26 - 9 I3 21 43 50 48 30 11 — 4 - 19 I 834 9 III I08 I08 97 SI 71 i86o — 29 -18 [-20 10 34 45 50 48 28 9 - 6I-I6 iS62 10 98 IOA. 08 95 So 69 1850 I — 9 -12 l-IO 22 3I 46 47 48 3I 21 I-IO — I4 I 848 II11 III o 93 83 77 66 i868 -11 -10 Iol- 2 22 40 52 61 52 32 II I4 -19 i868 I2 IOI 98 93 82 713 64 ij 6863 - 7 - 5 - I IS 35 37 47 53 29 I- -i6 iS I68 I3 I09 103 97 go So 69 i868 -12 _i6 I8 I9 30 42 174 6 2 5-'9(I6 14 103 101 97 94 96 68 i862 -12 1- 9 -- 9 19 41[ 46 56 52 34 I4 7 -i6 I S68 IS I08 102 94 89 77 66 i868 -12 -14 1- 8 22 37 5i 60 51 30 2I 4 — 20 i868 98 96 96 8 74 66 - 2 8 0 i22 I40 48 54 50 36 2 I I- 6 7 I 9I2 98 9 96 85 7S 70 - I -20 3 2 3 46 55 47 38 23 4 8... 212 TABLES O F MONTHL U:~Y EXTREMES, E HIGHEST TEMPERATUrRE SERIES. NAME OF STATION. Height. Begins. Ends. F i. Brunswick 74 Jan. IS07; Nov. i 859 506 6I 7~6 8 85 o8 9 2. Castine 50 Jan. i-S i o Dec. 1849 j/52 55 64 74 go go 3. Fort Preble 31 Jan. 1822; Julie, I874 51 52 63 90 92 92 4. Fort Sullivan 70 Jan. i822; Sept. 1873 54 6o 6o 82 90 92 5. Gardiner 70~7 Jan. 1837; Dec. i870 52 55 65 86 90 94 6. Hancock Barracks60 Ja. 89 u.185 575886859Iq 7 - Portland 50 Dec. ISI5; Dec. 1852 5 0 49 63 80 93 92 i. Annapolis 20 Ja. 86i; Dec. I870 69 6779 84 90 1 10 2- Baltimore 80 Jan. I8171 Oct. I853 68 73 77 88 90 97 3. Fort Foote., July, 187I; June, I 874 68 7 2 69 87 90 97 4. Fol-t McHenry 36 Jan. i83I; June, I874 66 74 76 89 93 100 5. Fort Severn 20 Jan. IS22; July, 1845 68 72 76 88 go 96 6. Fort W~ashington 6o Jan. IS33; Selpt. 18~O 68 70 79 93 97 I05 7- Mount Saint Mary's Corllege 498 Jan. i867; Dec. I870 6o 64 66 8, 84 92 MASSACHUSETTS.~~~~"$ i. Amherst 267 Sept- 1837; Dec. I870 56 56 73 84 SS8 94 2. Fort Independence 50 Jan. I831; June, IS74 56 65 66 82 90 99 3. Fort WVarren. Oct. i862; Junie, I 874 56 58 6 i 76 94 92 4. Lawrence 143 Jan. iS3i; Dec. iS69 48 58 69 82 87 91 5. Lunenburg 450 Jan. IS47; Dec. 1870 59 6o "o 82 SS- 97 6. Mendon Jan i186o; Dec.'IS70 iJ58 56 74 80 90 94 7. Nantucket 30 Jan' 1847; Dec. i S6o 54 5 7 5 8 63 8 1 92 S. New Bedfordt go Oct' I8I2; Dec. 1870 64 63 73 So 90 95 9. No-rth Billerica 135 JaJn. iS67; Dec. 1870 59 56 58 80 87 93 io. Topsfield.. Jan. i 86i; Dec. VS69 P1 66 72 SI 87 93 I i. Watertown Arsenal 100Io Jan. IS37; Nov. 1844 55 64 66 85 92 95 I 2. Wiilliamstown 6S6 Jan. i8i6; Dec. I 870 6 i 6 i 7 87 95 95 13~ Worcester 528 i an. iS6i; Dec. IS70 5 5 5 8 7 1 7 9 8 5 92 i~ Detroi t 597 Jan. IS40; June, I874 63 64 78 90 94 95 2. Fort Brady 6oo Jan. I823; June, 1874 52 62 72 So 92 96 3. Fort Gratiot 598 Jan. 181;May, 1852 6o 63 75. 94cl 93 95 4. Fol-t Mvackinac 7285 Jan. I 826; Apr. i 86o 50 46 63 80 7 6 go 5. Grand Haven 588 Aug.'I859; July, i S63 65 5 2 63 7 6 88 88 6. Lansing 895 Jan. iS64; Dec. i 869 5 5 6o 68 78 84 95 7 - Marquette 7IO July, 1859; Dec. iS67 51 53 63 74 93 I01 8. Monroe 551 July, i859; Dec. i 869 73 69 7S 78 92 101: 9. Ontonagon. 620 Aug. 1859; Dec. IS70 45 48 6 i 79 94~ 97 io. Tawas City 583 Jan. 1859; Dec. i867 50,57 56 6i 8i go i i. Thunderbay Island 61o Tan. i85a: Dec. IS70 - 7 I 7 I 1 62 I 6 I a OF THE ATT~0SPHERIC TEMUPERATURE. 213 MAINE. DURING EACH M/ONTH. LOWEST TEMPERATURE DURING EACH MIONTH. Year of Year of ~ g~~~~~xtreme ExtremeI; ~I Q_' 0 =) Het P.4 od Cold. 0 0 0~ ~ ~ ~im em,0000 2 94 93 86 78 655 ~8 18429 -20-2} — 21 —3 1o {25 /34}41 43 30 I I9[ 2- I824 396 96 88 74 7c S5I3 3 33 45 4 32 21 -0 1830 49 8 9 I 8 5 8 7 6 6 i56 I826 — 24] —20/ —I5 12 3 3o 35 /42 /45 133 I24 {- - -20 I826 59 6 94 89 7 7 7 2; 8 I141 — 31I —25 —2o0 5 I I5 /33 /44 }42 [28 I 161 3-24 1844 6 99 979 i 7 5 I836 -2-216 6- 6-231 —152 97 90 S 1 73 5 5 -24 2 11 6132 [42 3412711 - -3I2~ 7 96 90 94 77 70 56 18463a 1 2 I 3 2 4 4 2 3 S-2-3 I2 MARtYLAND. 298 98 98 85 76 76 1819s 18 3 5 2 48 36 26 12{ 41 1852 3 oo 95 94 76 67 67 1872 5 3 3 4 55 55 37 26 I 5/ 2{ 1873 4 1O10 94 89 78 73 I 8346 -5 4 0 0 3I 4 54 5~ 38 25 17 5 ~96 9 9 go 72 60 1834 I 7 4 6 62 58 45 34 19 21 1832 102 Ioo 99 92 76 64 1853 4 1 0 2 4 48 58 52 42 3 122/ {15 95~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 31 85 7I852 7 95 4 85 7 72 60 I868 4 2 3 0 54 48 44 27 1 i 6 MASSACUSETTS. 1 95 8 89 83 70 591864 o288 9 5 2 4 40 3 6 I 3 —15 I1844 2 99 92 } 83 69 6o 18547 — I3 -IO - 8 3 5 3 0 3 4 5 -10 1857 3 IOO 95 1) 7-3 65 58 I872 l-10 8- 2i6 3o/ 0 0-4 30 - 8 i68 4 95 97; 75 66 5 I 864 -1/ —I5{-I 7262 4 5 8 3 3 3-8 i~ 5 98 96 8 83 71 66 8i68 1/-29[ —26-6ib 2 42 5 44 3 20 8 z6 15 6 92 8 89 84 71 18 S64 /-]71 —I7 -6I 0 4 0 4 0 2 I-5 i6 89 8 83 76 70 6 I 849 /-12-2] q 17 4 46 53 4 36 2 5 - 2 15 97 90 SS 78 70 ]1I868 /-1]4/-22- I 22 6 12- iS6 IO~ ~~ 97 9 89 7 72 6 Ii86'~ /-i61-24- 9 4 4 5 4 18 i-3 i6 I 1 7 94 9 1 82 72 49 I840 -/I2 — iI 01 7 27 3 42 2 29 24 5 - 3 I]839" 12 97 96 95 85 72 59 I82012 /-30/-26 - - 2 5 4 3]9 25 I3 3I1 835 89~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2- 1861 VIOCHIGAN. I 96 98 1 I 86 So0, iI86I -9II-5I 4 3 1 3 1 1 1 I 864 296 96 98 82 72,o 1854 -42-4 Z29 4 I6 24 33 37 29 0-9 41 87 3 98 94 1 78 74 72 1834 -I 5 — I8{- 7 2 22 33 40 39 30 19 9I -I6 836 488 86 82 7~ 62 51 835 {127i-24 -I9 6 2 1 32 41 41 30 17 - 1-6 ] 85I 9)91 SI 75 62 8i2 33 4 289 o 86 57 -8I1 5!~x6 I 8 27 2 8 3 14 7 6969 99 898-S 71 52 8i64 _2~I 0 30 44 52 38 2 1 6 7 103 IOO 93 85 69 61 8I 62 — 3I —33: —9{ 3 I 6 30 33 38 23 15-4 I9 i6 8103 99 98 89 71 59 i6 I 21-S1 29 3 41 3 27 0 5 3 88 9 98 9 gi 8 69 53 i86: 34 -37 -22 -5 IS 30 30 33 20 4-3o6 i6 9O86 I8 89 75 9 o I8S64 -5-54O 9 1 7 4 I 2 8 TTI ln n zA r I r'T I T T17 nr, T 1,T ~7, r r A -% 1 i I z r l 9,~ 214 TABLE lrS OF MONTHLY T ~ k EXTREMESV~E HIGHEST TEMPERATURE NAME O)F STATION. Height. S ERIES. Begins. Ends. ~ e~~ i. Beaver Bay. I I270 Janl. i86i; Dec. 1870 46 449 605 74 84 9690 2. Fort Ridgeley I 230o July, i853; Dec. i 864 53 54 78 90 9 1 95 3. Fort Ripley II30 Jan. i 86o; June, 1874 5 53 53 7o 83 101 96 4. Fort Snelling 820 Jan. i 820; June, i874 59 60 79 88 92 96 5- Minneapolis 856 Jan. iS65; Dec. 1870 42 46 67 84 91 96 6. New Ulm.. 821 Jan. i865; Dec. I870 41 43 71 85 92 98 7- Saint Paul 800 Jan. I1864; Dec. I870 49 50 70 83 89 99 8. Sibley... Jan. iS66; Dec. ~I870 41 47 67 82 88 93 MISSISSIPPI.~H i. Columbus..227 Jan. i86i; Dec. IS70 78 79 84 86 9- 98 2. Natchez 264 Jan. i86i; June, 1870 80 83 80 85 8 9 92 3- Vicksburg 350 Sept. i866; May, i870 80 81 83 85 95 97 MISSOURI.a~lE i. Allenton Jan. i867; Dec. IS70 67 77 88 93 96 ioi 2. Harrisonville.. Jan' iS65; Dec. IS70 62 66 78 84 88 94~ 3- Jefferson Barrackts 472 Jan. i827; July, i862 72 8 1 98 94 92 100 4- Oregon I100 Jan. i867; Dec. 1870 6 2 69 69 88 89 98 5.Rolla, near 950 Jan. iS6S; Dec. 1870 67 76 87 89 9I 96 6. Saint Louis 481 Mar. 1833; Dec. IS70 7i Si S6 93 97 100 i. Camp B~ake'r...I. Nov. iS,-o; June, 1874 52 63 65 S3 91 85 2. Deer Lodge City 4210 J~~~~~Jan. i69; Dec. 1870 51 55 6276 5598 3. Fort Benton 2730 Nov. iS69; June, IS74 6o 6o 65 83 94 104 4. Fort Ellis 48 I400 Au g. iS68; June, I874 60 54 68 78 87 95 5. Fort Shaw 6ooo600 Sept. iS67; June, IS74 67 7I 81 93 98 IOI i. Bellevue.....I... Jan. i 86o; Dec. 1870 5 8 65 7 6 88 92 96g 2. De Soto I 100o Jan. i 868; Dec. i 869 43 5 7 86 78 89 93 3. Fort Cal ou~n 1327 Jan. 1822; Dec. 1826 67 68 8o go 98 I022 4- Fort Learney 236o Jan. i849; Jan. i 868 7o 68 82 92 94 101 5.Fort McPllerson. Nov. i866; June, 1874 78 82 86 96 96 I04q 6. Glendale I IIo0 Jan. i867; Dec. i868 52 66 92 89 89 92 7- Omaha 1 300 July, 1870; Sept. 1873 58 6o 69 96 gr 96 S. Oniaha Agency... IJan. 1~869; Dec. I 870 5o 5 67 68 84 9 1 95 9. Richland 1 350 Jan. i86i; Dec. i 869 49 65 8 5 90 95 101 OF THE ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE. 215 /l~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ MINNSOTA. DURING EACH MONTH. LOWEST TEMPERATURE DURING EACH MONTH. Year of Year of Extreme xtem'- _!ic v ~ o Hea.t. _ S u Cold. | (J"! ]/ Col, o o o o o o o ~~~~~o o o o o o o o o o o I 94 89 84 80 64 45 I864 _35 -34-26 3 25 37 45 4I 30 I5 -I4 -2I I 864 2 IOI I02 92 87 70 52 I86I -30 I — 3-I Io IO 30 39 49 42 22 9 8- s —26 1I862 3 IO3 97 92 80 64 50 I87I -44 — 43 — 37 — 5 2I 28 26 128 1 2 8 -30 — 40 I 86 4 IO0O 97 92 90 74 53 1838 1 —37 1 —-35 — 24 I 23 34 41 39 28 8 -23 —34 I840 5 IOI 9I 88 86 67 53 I868 -40 -3I -27 8 28 47 52 46 25 12 - 6 —33 I868 6 1Ioo Ioo I I 87 71 7 55 1870 -30 -28 -20o IO 29 46 55 46 3 1 I6 - 81 22 I868 7 97 99 87 83 1-65 52 I870 -39 -29 -26 8 30 46 5I 45 23 I 6 I- 61 —26 I868 S 98| 94 87 |86| 68 53 18661 11 —36 —371 —26 7 29 37 47 41 IS II -11 — 22| 1i866 lgIlSSISSIPPI. I Ioo 99 94 89 80 76 1i862 Io 14 20 37 47 59 72 56 47 29 221 I51864 2 94 92 90 86 80 79 i860 i6 20 22 37 45 - 60 60 46 36 22 I6 I 8601 3 96 96 95 90.85 9I I868 I8 25 25 37 53 64 69 67 50 35 26 I7 i868 IMISSOURI. I Io9 IO3 |IOO |IOOI 84 |73 |1 I868 1I 0 sl 0 26 136 148 54 53 35 1 4 1- 5_I- 61i I870o 2 Io05 95 90 s6 76 64 I868 - 8 81 I2 26 36 50 58 52 34 20 8 I4 I868 3 I03 Io2 99 93 78 69 I860 -I4_I81 0 17 321 44 52 35 37 22 -15I5 I835 04 I05 96 93 91 78 72 1868 -I2|-IO/- 7 20 38 48 57 50 34 1I5 3- I6 I868 | 97 93 91 SI 77 68 1870 01 — 3 IO 23 39 44 6 58 39 I8 ]5_ —231 I870 o6 IO3 IO8 98 95 81 74 I834 -I9I-251 6 23 31 37 54 49 35 22 - I - 7 S I85 1 —~9j —21-6tkP~ 2 MONTANA. I 92 93 82 82 69 56 I873 — 321 —43 — I21' I4 30 32 40 43 I9 O -421 —53 I87I 92 92 S5 i 68 870Sj - 2Si 292 |95 |85 I 68 I70 361331-28 16 32 35 45 32 26 O 81-I6 1870 105 IOI 92 85 70 62 I870 1381-351 23 II 27 29 40 28 9 — 4 1-36-51 I871 14 o2 IOO 93 75 7I 60 I869 — 531 —53 o36 IO 25 28 30 28 I8 |3 -I9-4511 I872 5 112 I02 94 91I SO 74 I872 -43-3I-25 10 24 30 34 24 I7 -5 -37 -37I 1870 I I02 103 99 84 176 163 iSG 16 -221-13 -I5 19 1 32 149 60 I50I 36 6 II-I4-1 860 2 IO4 |95 |86 81 70 52 I868 — I9 -- I7 -- 91 I9 41 42 56 53 33 I o 91 —I9 I868 |3 08 104 94 96 87 63 I862 -21| I6 3 I3 30 48 54 50 40 13 - 61 — 7 I8564 14 I02 1IOO 97 91 77 68 I857 — 28 -22 - 4 IoI 26 39 45 37 27 8 | — 231| 1852 5 II5 |II 102 I02 8I 76 187o |2j-0-241- 3 IO 28 35 35 40 I9 6 - 41-I8 I874 Io6 |97 95 87 78 68 | 868 — 26 — 221 —20 22 35 51 57 52 30 22 - 71 — 3o I868 7 IO IOI 93 88 78 65 IS73 — 2I I_66I- I I6 28 24 54 46 34 24 - 71-220 I873 |8|IO2 |98 9I 78 72| 70 I870 -|IO_-I4I -s IS 40 48 59 50 40 20 91-I5 I870 9 IO5 IO4 99 87 76 6I IS62 |22 -20 15 I7 34 49 56 50 32 I I8 -21i6 I pffl~~~~I~EVvADA. |I o7 Ioo 88 93 68 60 1871 1-221-8- 81 7 13 25 23 24 I9 3 |_I21 I3 I868 12I I4 |95 |88 |73 |51 1870 | 91 31 JI 23 29 40 35 24 II | s- 4 I868 3 9~ 88 86 76 7I 47 i8671 — I81 —IO — 61I5 20 32 40 48 32 |6 91 —3 I868 4 98 99 93 80 64 59 |868 |-IS-I2|- 2 29 35 27 5I 49 39 25 I5 IOl| I868 | 5 | | 97 |92 |5| 7I |65'1863 11 - 91 ~ I7 25 27 42 57 | 59 43 | I6 I31 I I866 6 Ioo 99 94 IOI 88 78 1863 | -23 — 9 I9 32 34 48 47 | 2| 8 -- 21-I5 I864 Also in I868. 216 TABLE ES OF MONTHLT~ aY EXTREMESM]E HIGHEST TEMPERATURE NAME OF STATION. H Ieight. SERIES. d Begins. Ends. ra i. Claremont 536 n 160 8;I67 5 2 5 60 79 9 00 /~0 2. Concord 374 Jan. I 828; Dec. 1835 56 6o 69 88 89 94 3. Dartmouth College Jan. I835; Dec. I 852 52 68 71 86 go 93 4. Fort Constitution 40 Jan. I 820; Sept. 1853 60 59 68 85 87 96 5- Portsmouth 38 Jn I839; JUlY, I 842 52 S 8 66 80 88 92 6. Stratford I I oo an. i860;b Dec. I 870 42 5 1 62 7 2 86 95 I. Greenwichi 30 Jan. i864; Dec. 180 )/62 63 76 82 IS7 98 2. Halddonfield 50 Tan. I864; Dec. IS7 67 61 75 84 85 96 3- Newark 35 Jan. i86i; Dec. IS70 57 62 75 84 88 95 4. Paterson 6o Jan. i865; Dec. IS70 55 58 72 85 90 95 I. Albuquerque 5032 Sept. 1849; July, iS67 66 78 83 98 100 II4 2. Cebolleta 6200 -Dec. IS49; Feb. I852 60 70 73 83 87 96 3. Fort Bascorn..r. Feb. i864; Oct. 1870 69 SS 84 95 98 104 4. Fort Bayard 4450 Ma~r. iS67; Julie, IS74 1 64 70 76 86 92 100 5. Fort Conrad 4576 O~ct. IS5I; M~ar. I854 7o 69 87 91 93 9S 6. Fort Craig 4576 Apr. IS54; June, 1874 77 84 94 104 IO8 -.-o 7. Fort Cummings Mar. i869; July, 187'3 95 83 100 90 102. I07 S. Fort Fillmore 3t937 Sept. I851; Apr. iS6I 95 85 92 99 102 107 9. Fort McRae ~ 4500 Mar. iS64; June, 1874 79 7 88 100 109 I20 io. Fort Selden Nov. i865; June, IS74 72 So 86 98 io6 io, I I. Fort Stanton. Aug. I855; O~ct. I872 65 68 76 83 93 I 0- I 2. Fort Sumner. Apr. i864; July, iS69 74;75 85 90 Ioo 97 13. Fort Thorn 4500 Janl. IS54; Jan. I859 75 78 89 99 I05 113 14. Fort Union 6670 Aug. 185I;'June, IS74 74 710 79 85 94 ICO 15. ~Fort Wingate... N \1ov. i862; Julie, 1874 62 66 75 S2 95 96 I 6. Santa Fe'... 6S46 Jan. IS49; July, 1873 65 66 77 91 92 98 1. Allbany 130 jai I75; Dc. 1849 6o 60 73 88 93 94 2. Auburn ()"o 1,8 I27; Dec. I86 62 64 7 92 96 3. Belleville 300 Jan. 1830; Dec. I'44 59 58 72 s0 SS 95 4. Beverly ISO18 Jan. i867; Dec. 1870 SS 57 61 79 S6 92 5. Bridgewater 12S6 Jan. IS33; Dec. 1I837 64 SS 66 83 89 93 6. Buffalo 623 Jan. 184I; Dec. 1870 56 59 74 82 87 96 7- Cambridge 500 Jan. I827; Dec. IS41 6 o 60 74 85 91g 98 S. Canajoharie 284 Jan. iS-o; Dec. 1335 52 6 86 88 92 9. Canandaigua 590 Jan. iS-29; Dec. i8-8 66 59 70 SS 90 91 I 0. Cazenovil t 12 6 o J an. iS-o; Dec. IS70 6i S9 76 90 95 93 I I. Charllotte 273 Ju1Y, IS59; Dec. iS67 64 58 66 77 84 93 T'> Cl)(rrv Vq-llc — Arnrli-mv. 2 Ef n n TR -,I - T7i-( — T SA C 62 C7 1-8 85 On nO OF THE ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE. 917 NEW HAMPSHIRE. DURING EACH MONTH. LOWEST TEMPERATURE DURING EACH MONTH. Year of'G' ~ d [ ~ ~ G ~ Extreme ~ o = Co d. ~ ~ O O,;,;2;o,866;o A;o&;o 4 16 2 98 93 91 80 68 57 I834 ~32~2o~ 9 I8 29 38 43 40 27 14~ 5~I6' I835 I 3 96 96 92 79 69 58 I8431 ~34~$3~23 o 22 26 40 27 20 I2;~9~29 I848 496 94 68,9 9oi, ~8,o, t1_..12 _.ii_ 71 i6 3oi36 47 48 32 26 9_io i82ia 5 99 97 87 7~ 68 5~ i84o _1i _ 2:14 28 36 48 46 36 24 i5 o i839 6 lOO 9~ 86 79 70 5o- 1868 — 33 —3 — 22 2 20 36 43 40 28 IO 2 —24 1861.... iJ NEW JERSEY. i 95 93 86 79 73 67 1864 -- 9 2 7 3~ 4~ 53 55 53 45 29 19 1866 2lO2 94 9~ 78 72 62 1866 — 12 3 16 3~ 32 45 46 5i 42 31 19 i866 92 92 86 83 7~ 66 1864 -- 5 — 7 2 21 31 44 52 49 39 28 19 — I.I 1861 99 95 9~ 81 7~ 60 1866 — I3 — 5 O 22 37 5~ 38 48 42 26 16. — 1![ 1866 I NI~I Vff MEXlOO.! i 11o io5 98 96 86 66 i857 -- 4 o 12 22 28 38 50 44 40 2o 8'__ 5 I85o 2 lOO 99 9~ 86 68 65 I85o 2 20 25 31 44 5~ 53 5~ 38 II 3 I85I Io9 IO8 ~ 99 93 78 76 I87O lO Io28 48 54 56 59 46 25 24~I81i I869 71 68 1871 — 8t —i 12 9 29 35 50150 40 I2 3 8 I873 IOI IOO 95 9~ 81 67 1852 4! ii 1727 31 45 55 60 41 25 14 II I852 6 II2 lO5,lO3 96 84 8I I857 -- 3 8 I6 20 36 45 57 54 42 25 IO — 2 1874 9697 89 85 IO2 lOI Io2 Io6 9~ 94 I87I ~ 5 13 23 IO 36 45 56~54 47 23 3 2O I873 8 IO7 lO6 Ioo 99 86 gO I8524 o 20 1426 40 5~ 5~ 58 5~ 3~ I4 15 1859 9 I16 IO7 IO3 90 78 8I 1873 3 9 12 22 37 46 55 59 44 2O 22 4 I874 Io Io4,Io5 99 94 79 74 1872 — I2 II 1527 33 52 49 52 39 I8 4 9, 1873 II 93'98 9~ 87 75 65 1867 -- 2: I 9 21 32 44 5~ 5~ 29 22 2 Oi 1856 I2i 98 97 98 84 75 75 I865 X 6 828 40 57 60 58 46 26 2 I 18655 13 X~O IO7 95 95 79 76 I854 7 O 525 3~ 5~ 4I ~9 XO 4 I854 3915Ii 9~ 89 87 72 1871 — 13 —7 —4 15 20 25 40 32 28 9 5 —28 1855 15 99 1o2 97 95 89 68 187o ~I6 3 418 3~ 38 5~ 50 3~ I8~ 3 8 1864 ~6 99 1oo 9~ 82 78 68 I85o -- 9 — 2 819 28 39 5~ 49 34 3 3 —II 185o.., I4-IOI 96 NEW ~O~K. I 97 96 89 8o 70 62 I83O~! —23' —16 —12 6 28 4~ 50 31 3~ 21 I — I3i 18351 2 98 IIo 90 85 70 63 I86I --— 14~I6~6 6 ~4 28 44 42 3~ I8 o!~ 6 ~861s 3 98 98 9~ 78 65 57 ~834 ~28~34~22 14 23 23 39 3~ ~9 14~ I~36 ~835 4 96 95 88 78 70 53 1868 o —IO 225 34 5~ 57 52 40 25 I8 —2 1868 5 94 93I 88 76 68 52 ~834 ~31~I8 —16 I5 I7 3~ 38 33 21 I7~4~23 ~835 6 98 97 9I 80 73 6o I868 ~II~xS~II 13 22 36 44 41 32 23 IO — 6 ~86~ 7 96 96 90178 74 60 1831 — 36 —32~2~ 12123 37 4I 36 23 14 6! —29 1835 8 97 96:94 80 69 50'~ 183o — 3~ —16 — 6 22 28 43 48 38 26 22 4 —18 1835 9 94 93 84 79 70 6I I834 — IC —iI — 8 22 27 42 5~ 4~ 32 20 4~ 9 I832 lO 97 92 93 83 70 59 1838 — 28 —22 —19 iI 17 27 37 32 25 IO -- 6 —21 184o Ix 98 96 92 84 73 66 i866 — 15 —20 — 3 7 13 32 38 35 26 ~7 4 —22 I866 I2 98 9o 88 83 67 57 ~834 — 3~ —3~ —I2 4 21 31 34 36. 26 17 I —I9 ~835~ 13 93 92 88 78; 68 60 ~84I -- 8__ i — 2 2o 25 32 47 42 3~ 20 lO —2 1835 I4 94 96 9~ 78 69 60 ~838 ~21 —22~ 8 —1 23 26 32 3~ 22 14 —lO —26 1835 I5 96 96 92181 72 68 I827m — 6 —6 3 24 28 39 53 48 32 22 12 4: I835~l 16'1o4 99' 92 86 7I 69 1825 ~I2~ 7 2I7 3I 42 54 49 39 29 I2~ 3 ~866 17 99 96 90 84 76 65 I864 — lO — 7 oI8 34 40 47 5~ 37 29 13 — 21 I866 I8 98 95 94 82 72 63 183~ -- ~5 I4 18 37 48 46 33 25 ~2: — 8 ~861 19 96 98 96 82 73 67 ~87o I!} — 2~ ~16~2I 2 26 35 43 41 31 26 ~20 ~872 i X Also in I845. ~ Also in 1852. a Also in I85~. 4 Also in 186o. Also in ~867. a Also in ~845 and ~846. * Also in I84o. 8 Also in ~865. Also in ~836. ~0 Also in 1849 and 1864. n Also in I86~............................................................................ 28 ApRIn, ~875. 2185 TABLES OF MONTHLY EXTPIEMESna E NIFW YORK.-Continued.niaued H~IGHEST TEmPERATURE NAME OF STATION. Height., SERIES. k $ Begins. Ends. Cd 20. Fort Porter.1 66o Dec. iS65; Dec. I 870 J50 45 )5 8 608 So 850 2i. F1-edonia 7I5 Jan. 1830; Dec. 1848 7o 65 76 86 go 96 22. Gaines 427 Jan. 1839; Dec. I 842 1/ 59 64 65 83 89 9 1 23. Goshen 425 Ja11-. 1835; Dec. 849 6o,0 65 7 8 84 98 96 24. Gouverneur 400 Jan. i831; Dec. 1870 64 5 9 74 85 94 9 5 25. Hamilton II271 Jan. I826; Dec. 1849 Ij63 64 7 8 90 92 96 26. Hlartwick I I001 Jan. i826; Dec.- 1850 59 63 76 82 92 92 27. H-omer io 196 Jan. i832; Dec. 1850 )/67 60 75 89 93 91 28. Hudson,I 150 Jan. i827; Dec. I 849 62 64 73 [-87 94 99 29. Ithaca 4I 47 Jan. 1827; Dec. I 848 7 I 60 7 6 98 89 96 3o. Jamaica 30 Jan-. i826; Dec. I 850 67 62 79 86 93 98 3 I. Johnstown Jan. 1828; Dec. I 845 5 2 60 7 5 93 92 96 32. Kinaderhook 125 Jan. i830; Dec. 1846 1 65 68 76 SS gi 96 33. K~ingston 188 Jan. I829; Dec. 1849 69 64 78 86 96 97 34- Lansing~burg 30 Jan. 1826; Dec. 1846 6i ~ 66 78 go 96 99 35. Ledyard 447 Jan. i830; Dec. I850 62 65 76 85 89 96 36. Lewiston. 2SO Jan. 183I; Dec. 1849!/62 66 77 82 96 96 37. Lowville 847 Jan. 1827; Dec. I848 6o, 60 78 S6 oi 99 38. Madison Barratcks 262 Jan. 1827; June, IS74 65 58 70 79 SS 90 39- MLalone 703 Jan. 89 Dec. 1842 54 68 68 88 88 89 40- M'~exico 331 jail. 1837; Dec. IS49 (166 60 72 87 90 94 41- Midldlebury Soo80 Jan. 1826; Dec. IS48 65 ( 70 S4 88 96 97 42. M~illvillC 6oo Jan. IS40; Dec. 1847 58 64 So S6 gi gi 43- Miohawk 435 June, i86o; Dec. i868 50 52 60 75 85 94 44- Montgomery 300 Jan. 1828; Dec. 1842 7o 68 79 92 97 100 45- M'oriches 13 Jan. i865; Dec. 1870 6o 5 8 7I 81 85 1 02 46. Mlount Pleasant I 25 Jan. 183I; Dec. IS44 57 67 71 SI 93 95 47. Newburg 74 Jan. I828; D~ec. i867 68 66 7i8 92 98 I02 48- New'York 2 i 2 Jan. 1844; Dec. IS70 62 62 74 84'89 97 49- Nichols Soo80 Jan. i86o; Dec. 1870 6o 0 62 76 S6 90 97 5o. North Granville 250 Jan. i835; Dec. i849 60 55 69 86 90 97 51- North Salem 36i Jan. 1829; Dec. 1850 66 72 76 88 92 95 52. Oneidla 500 Jan. i86i; Dec. i869 i 6 54 71 78 87 92 53- Onondaga I 26o Jan. 1826; Dec. 1844 64 6o SO 90 94 99 54. Oswego 232 Jan. i86i; Dec. I870 57 49 72 79 SI 88 55- Oxford 96i Jan. 1S29; Dec. IS45 64 60 74 F4 94 98 56. Palermo 327 Jan. i86o; Dec. 1870 56 52 68 84 86 95 57- Penn Yan 740 Jan. 1829; Dec. I844 66 65 74 88 93 95 58. Plattsbuyg i8I6 Jan. i829; Dec. 1870 56 60 72 83 96 95 59- Pompey I 300 Jan. 1826; Dec. 1843 59 56 72 83 88 90 6o. Potsdam 394 Jan. I828; Dec. I848 1157 67 76 84 94 95 6i. Poughkeepsie Jan. 1829; Dec. I849 65 65 78 88 94 I02 62. Redhookr,I, Jan. 1830; Dec. 1842 65 65 72 90 92 97 63- Rochester 5o 156 Jan. i830; Dec. i869 64 62 76 88 89 97 64- Sackett's Harbor 266 July, 1859; Dec. i867 5.8 52 69 73 Si 88 65- Salem... Jan. 1828; Dec. 1847 57 60 73 85 97 96 66. Schenectady 300 Jan. 1829; Dec. iS64 it53 49 59 74 91~ 92 67- Springville 500 Jan. 1834; Dec. I850 58 64 70 80 88 91 68. Troy 58 Jan1. i86i; Dec. iS68 46 6i 66 S2 83 92 69. Utica; atr!e rnj 47~3 Jan. I826; Dec. 1848 75 68 9 90 90 97 70- Wtervlet Arenal50 Jan. I831; Dec. IS54 59 64 73 83 94 99 71-'West Point i,, 67 Jan. IS27; JU11c, I874 68 67 S2 89 93 99 72. Whitestone 824 Jan. 1834; Dec. 1840 53 56 6i Si 90 95 OF THE ATMOSPHIERIC TEMPERATURE. 219 NEW ~I, ~r YORK.-:.XCo ntin ued. DURING EACH MONTH. LOWEST TEMPERATURE DURING EACH MONTH. Year of Year of Extreme Extrem ~;~ -- ( J Extrem -4! 0 v Heat.::I 0 v Cold. o,,~~h~doo o 20 92 89 8I3 73 67 5~4 1868 — 3 —3 — I1o 20 24 37 5~1 44 33 22 1II — ~o 1866' 21 97 94 94 83 73 64 1830 — 7 —I2 —6 18 25 34 42141 32 20 9 2 1832 22 94 92 90 7S 62 S 2 40 30 20 4 5 1839 23~~~~~~~~5 991 46 -4 -41 0 2o9_46 23 96'ri 88:82 78 62, 1839 — 30 — 6 5 IO 1 26!36 42 36 32 14 4 -IO I835 24 IOO( 99 93 81 73 58 1842 — 38 —32 — 30 1o 22 33 37 32 22 IO -17 —40 1835 25 96 96 90 82 70 64 I83I3 — 34 — 28 —I5 4 20 28 38 33 I9 II - 4-20 I835 26 96 g91 89 80 74 64 1826 — 30 — 24 — I2 6 20 32 40 36 27 I6 -- 2 — 1o 83I 27 95 93 88 82 70 63 1845 — 28 — 26.-I9 O I6 28 40 34 28 I7 7- 7 1-84 I836 28 99 98 92 80 68 67 1827 4 -24 — Io - 2 12 28 33 48 44 30 I8 7 -16 1835 29 99 98 94 86 75 66 I847 — 18 — 12 —IO 15 20 37 43 37 28 19 I1- 5 1836 30 0oo 95 93 85 76 70 183o - 7 - 7 5 16 26 37 46 45 29 22 7! I836, 31 95) 94 92 78 74 56 18285 -30 —22 - 8 6 24 30 42 38 25 15 - 4 25 18351 32 102 97 95 89 73 57 I845 — 30' —18 —1o 9 24 33 41 38 26 I6 o0 —7 184o 33 I103 93 91 88 83 64 I845 — 30o22 - 5 1o 27 40 47 41 30 16 6 1-2 I835 34 ioi 1O4 98 82 75 57 1845 — 28' —25 —13 4 25 34 42 42 25 17 4 -14 1835 35 9 6 go 86 72 5 7 - 6 27 3 1 1 9'6 2 I841 7 6 -1843-IO- 4 1 4 2740 5~0 42319 ]'6284 36 97 93 95 82 76 70 1840 - 6 - 6 o 16 25 38 49 44 33 22 5 - I 18328 37 Ioo 96 88 8o 75 6o 1842 — 35 —32: —17 Io 20 3 ~ 37 33 I - Io - 2 —4o 1835 38 94 95 90 80 70 60 1872 — 25 —3o' —36 7 21 34 45138 28 IS8 -- 6-44 1871 39 94 94 84 74 64 45 1840 -24-I5 — 12 II 25 30 38 40 23 20 6 -I4 1840 40 99 92' 92 92 72 58 1838 — 24 — 24 — i 5: 2 I8 31 40'42 28 20 8! —II 18374 41 too 99 90 88 78 75 1826 1 —15 ~2~ —I7 4 17 25 40 32 24 14 7., —I7 1832 42 95 96 91 79 78 55 1845 - 61- 51-I2 I2 26 32 40 42 28 18 5 3 1841 43 1O2 92 96 82 70 56 1868 — 22 —30o — 2 II 23 34 44 41 29!18 II!-20 1861 44 I14 99 98 87 79 62 1830 — 33 —25 — 6 4 20 40 38 38 25 17 - 6 -Io 1835 45 10o5 98 96 85 7 62 I 868 -1I4 —I5 o0 28 37 51I 58 51 44 30 16- 4 1868 46 Ioo 97 85 78 70 57 1838 - 8 — 2 5 15 27 37 48 49 34 27 9 - 4 I8359 47 lO5 98 97 80 76 69 1849 — 27 -14 - 2 16 27 32 48 43 30 20 8 -I5 1835 48 99 965 go 85 72 69 i866 — 13 — 3 5 24 34 46 56 53 40 31 20 2 1866 49 lot 99 92 86 72 64 1868 -18S-21i II 17 28 43 49 44 30 21 6-24 1866 50 I02 94 92 81 So 64 1849 -3 I -25 -I4 -4 24 34I 42 3 26 14 O —22 1844 5 102 98 94C 81 74 64 I84I — 3I —15 — 7 15 24 30 42 37 22 17 I I —17 1835 52 97 98' 88 84 70 61 iS64 -16 -28 - 9 12 27 38 5~ 44 35 24 8- 6 1865 53 99 95 93 81I 70 69 I826~0 _i8 -22 -Io 0 23 34 42 40 30 I6 2 -18 1826 54 90 94 87 75 66 59 1863 — II —14 o I6 28 43 51 44 37 26 15 —15 1866 55 96 93 91 81 68 62 1829 -36 —33 —19 9 20 28 40 32 I7 14 2 —21 1836 56 99 97 93 87 73 58 I868 -23 —24 - 8 15 30 39 40 45 29 20 5' —22 1861 57 96 94 90 84 75 63 I83011 -12 —-I3 -IO IO 26 32 44 34 25 16 7 - 7 1836 58 98 94 96 78 69 60 184049 -I9-2o —i4 12 25 35 42 34 26 12 4 — 8 1849 59 91 89 84 76 7~ 60 I837 — I8 —I6- 8 IO 20 29 45 40 28 16 1 83512 60 96 95 89 86!71 59 1838 — 34 — 32 -28 -I 20 32 4-0 34 23 12 -IO -26 1840 6I Io5 98 ioo 95 76 68 1849 -30 -20o- 4 2 32 30 46 36 28 I6 4 — 22 1835 62 98i93 91 82 78 60 183511 -28 — 6 — I ig I5 42 44 40 30 23 6 - 8 1835 63 10o2 98 94 83 74 62 I844! — 9 —I3 -- 4 11 25 35 34 44 28 21 7 — 9 1861 64 9 1 93 88 82 73 61 863 -3-46 — 34 7225 36 48 43 28 23 8 -30 i86i 65 Ioo lO2 9 78 75 63 1840o -4 26 -2 2 3~ 35 41 41 27 13 I -23 184o 66 94 96 87 73 72 54 I864 I6!-Io 18 32 42 51 46 33 21 3 —1o 1836 67 95 91 87 83 70 60 1834 — 2o 1I! —14 9 20 o28 38 34 25 I8 8 —14 I849 68 Ioo 94 85 87 67 56 t868 -22 —281- I 1 932 43 55 50 39 26 ig- 5 I86i 69 95 96 89 79 71 57 1826 -26 -27 -16 9 20 32 41 37 30 o 2 -i6 I836 70 98 99 92 79 70 66 I83413 — 32-28 -20 4 26 40 47 47 30 I 6 3 18 1835 7 1 IOI 11 99 87 73 70 1827 — 30O —lO- 6 14'27 40 51 46 36 24 — II 1873 72 97 98 88 8I 70 49 I 840 — 33 —32 — 26 1I 6 35 41 34 23 I6 2 — 18 1835 I lO2 1oo00 98 9~ 84~ 74 1831 15 3 14 31 43 52' 63 57 A 28 9 9 A 2 95 ~ 592 85 74 -68 1834 19 20 25 39 48 61 l64 68 56 42 31 28 I844 x Also in I868. ~. Also in 1842. a Also in 1843. I Also in 1849. Also in 1831. 11 Also in 1844. * Also in 1846 and 185o. s Also in 1837. Also in I839.,0 Also in I828. n Also in 1841. i'e Also in I84o. 1a Also in 1852. 220 TABLES OF MONTHLY EXTREMES OHIiO. t ~~~~~~~ HIGHE ST TEMPERATURE SERIES. NAME OF STATION. Height. Begins. Ends. i. Bethel....555 Jan. 1 864; Dec. I 870o 6 6 4 8 91 9 2. Cincinnati....540 Jan. 1835; Dec. I87O 70 5 86 9 95 9 3. Cleveland....6430 Julne, 1859; Dec. 1870O 5 7 6 8 9 9 4. College Hill Soo.80 Jan. I814; Dec. I87O 7 7 2 8 3 9 5- Granville 995. Jan. 1837; Apr. 1852 6 8 7 5 "z9 9 6. Hillsborough....I50 Jan. I836; Dec. 1870o6 6 3 S8 9 7. Hudson.... 1I37 Jan. 1838; Dec. I859 6 9 78 8 8 9 8. Kelly's Island...587 Jan. I 86oj; Dec. 1870o4 56 6 4 9 9. Marietta....670 June,1i81i8; Dec. 1871I 7 6 - 5 9 4 9 IO. Marion.... 0l77 Jan. 1866; Dec. I870o9 6 9 8 7 9 xIi. New Lisbon...96I Jan. I86I-; Dec. 1868 2 6 6 8 o 9 I12. Norwalk....Jan. 1861-; Dec. I 868 6 0 7 7 9 1 3. Toledo....604 Jan. I 86O; Dec. 1 869 68 8 72 82 C 0 9 14. Urbana.....lo5 Jan. i862; Dec. 1870~4 6 4 S 9 0 15. Witchfield....1205 an. I86i; Dec. I865 6 70 9 7 5 OREgGON. I. Astoria....Aug. 185o; Dec. 1 870 56 69 64 8 2 So 84 2. Block House...Mar. 1853' Dec. 1 862 5 9 60 70 7 5 7 7 94 3.- Camp Harney...Jan. 1863; Dec. I 873 5~ 5 7 69 8o 85 0 4. Camp Warner...Jan. 1868; June, I874 57 68 65 70 81I S 85 5. Fort Dalles... ~~~Sept. 1'85o; Mar. i1866 62 83 86 9~ 96 104 6. Fort Haskins.... Nov. 1856; Mar. I 865 67 70 8o 90 95 102 7. Fort..x.or... Jul-e, 1852- July, I856 71 70 75 68 SO 77 8. Fort Stevens.... Nov. i865; June, 1S74 54 55 66 73 78 84 9. Fort Umpqua...Aug. 1856; May, 1 862 64 6 1 73 72 8 I 8 2 IO. Fort Yamihill.... Oct. i856; Apr. 1 866 60 5 9 64 8I1 91I 98 PENNSYLVANIA. i. Allegheny Arsenal 704 Jan. I836; Apr. 1867 67 5 83 6 96 6 2. Carlisle Barracks...600 Jan. I 840; Julie, 1874 6 8 7 0 3: 3. Fallsington...30 Jan. 186o; Dec. 1870o 5 6 8I 87 9 4. Fayette Tannery...Jan. i865; Dec. 1870O 7 6 6 8 8 9 5- Fleming....780 Jan. 1861; Dec. 1 866 6 4 76 8 3 9 6. Fort Mifflin...20 Jan. IS23'; Oct. I853 62 8 76 S 9 9 7. Frankford Arsenal...30 Jan. 1836; Dec. I 843 66 7 77 8 94 5 8. Germantown... OO Jan. 182o; Nov. I87O 8 6'78 8 3 9 9. Harrisburg...375 Jan. 1 86o; Dec. I S8 S 6 76 85 9 9 lO. Lewisburg....Jan. 1865; Dec. I1870~4 5 4 8 8 9 II. Mooreland... 2 0 Ja. I865; Dec. 1870 12. Moun1-t Joy...... Jan. 186o; Dec. 1869 6 9 8 8 9 O 1 3. North Whitehall..... Jan. f8S6o; Dec. 1 869 57 5 0 8 o 9 I4. Pennsville, near I.. 400 Jan. I865; Dec. 1 870o0 5 8 8 0 9 I15. Philadelphia...36 Jan. I758; Dec. 1870~ 5 7 9 8 0 9 I 6. Pocopson....218 Jan. 1861; Dec. 1870o 5 6 6 8 8 9 RHODE ISLAND. OF THE ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE, 921 OHIlO. DURING EACHt M[ONTH. LOWEST TEMPERATURE DURING EACH MONTH. Year of Year of Extreme Extreme pi Ileat. T3~~~~~~~~~ a F1 ~~~Extr-eme P_,~ ~ ~ ~ 0 Q) Het Cold. 1f 98 95 903 8 805 702 70I iiS64 - - 3 20 33 37 50 4Z2'6 20 8 — 8 1864' 2 I0I I00 99 90 80 73 I868 -12 —17 - 4 20 27 38 48 46 3 9 2 -7 835 3 96 93 88 85 75 68 iS66 -II -I3 - 5 I7 29 42 48 43 35 24 5 - 66 4 99 97 97 89 78 70 1868 -I2 - 12,- l0 14 27 39 37 38 26 16 -_2 -IO io864 5 96 98 89 8I 74 67 I38 — 2o —I4 —I4 20 28 32 47 4I 34 19 4 — 12 185o 6 97 92 90 80 72 68 IS64 — 14 —22 —IO IS 27 40 5~ 44 30 20 2-i2 1838 7 93 9I1 9 76 69 6I I841 — lO- 8 m 4 20 27 32 44 45 34 22 6 - 6 1841 8 93 91 89 79 70 58 iS662 — I2 —I3m 5 17 35 50 56 52 42 29 IO O 1866 9 102 96 95 88 8 2 7 1 859 — 22 — I8 —IO 7 2 ) 33 42 43 32 19 IO -I I I852 lO 94 93 89 78 76 61 8682 -17 -I4-I I 19 37 44 56 40 36 19 12 - 9 1867 II I00 Ioo 95 88 9~ 6S 18618 — IS —I4 —12 20 30 45 48 45 34 20 1o — t3 I867 I2 94 93 92 84 7 2 67 18644 -I2 —14 - 6 I6 32 48 52 5~ 37 26 14 - 3 I868 1 3 100 96 go 88 7o 67 i868 — Ol —16- 6!3 34 42 48 48 36 9 6 I- 5 866 I4 96 95 92 86 74 64 iS68 — I6 —I2 o 22 32 47 54 48 36 20 S -12 1864 I5 93 94 89 82 69 64 1$64 — I3 —I2 5 17 30 43 52 47 37 27 12 2 1864 OREGON. i8S9 84 84 22 74 59 1S70 15 19 I9 32 38 45 44 47 43 36 25 15 18555 2 8o 98 88 81 68 59 iS6o 4 16 27 30 35 43 48 44 38 32 27 IO I1862 3 0" IoOO 93 83 70 53 I 8696 i15 16- - 3 IO 21 25 30 33 I8 9 4;-6 iS68 4 89 go 8I 79 64 57 18692 -14 - 3 I IS 22 27 38 36 20 8 5 3 I 68 5IO5 IO4 94 lOO 79 64 S53 23 I 3. 32 31 4 1 42 47 40 25 4 - 6 1862 6 iOI IO3 98 89 75 67 I86Oo o 6 14 29 33 41 42.4o 33 26 21 8 I8571 7 8C 78 92 79 74 66 1852 32 31 30 31 38 45 45 45 40 39 33 30 IS538 8,82 86 84 72 62 59 IS73 19 28 27 34 31 44 44 48 37 35 31 21 IS868 9 74 81 84 77 67 59 I S60, 16 28 34 36 42 5~ 5~ 49 49 38 35 20' I862 10 95 94 95 76 63 56 1859 9 13 13 29 37 35 46 42 39 28 22 7 I859 PIENNSYLVANIA. I Ioo 96 9 4 77 6S IS54 -8 22 - 4 JO 28 33 48 40 30 17 4 - 6 1856 21005 98 97 89 75 70 18S68 -28 II! — 6 23 31 30 48 43 32 17 10 -14 1873 3 98 99 SS q84 76 62!165 - 9 - 6 0 25 37 5~ 55 55 43 30 17 4 I866 4 98 97 92 SO 7I 70 1 8682 — IO —I6 - 7 20 32 44 5~ 48 35 20 IO 9 1865 5 99 IOo 92 87 72 65 1861 — 26 — 21 7 22 30 38 40 42 33 20 17 -19 1861 6 98 98 98 86 83 59 184910 4 5 12 24 34 36 52 5~ 38 28 Ig 9 1849 7 98 92 88 86 72 63 I84I 21 — 7 7 25 32i42 56 49 35 29 I8 IO I836 8 101 IOO 93 83 70 64 T866 — 4 8 21 33 46 55 53 33 26 18 O 1866 9 96 96 S9 87 75 6o 186i1 "ZiI I 6 25 39 55 61 55 45 30 I6 4i IO 9~ 94 87 I 79 72! 58 I~860' —I3123 I 22 35 48 51 46 38 20 17 -21865w' 11'96 94 88 80 71 62 1866 — 4 2 26 38 45 58 53 43 27 I8', o 1866 12 103 105 93 go 86 65 1869 -I3 -12 14 13 36 48 58 52'39 21 13 7 T7 6i 13 96 94 87 80 78 56 18644 — I3 -II 2 17 30 42 46 43 33 23 12 1866 14 I4O2 90 87 77 66 6o I868 -I41 7 7 —I4 10 28'38 44 42 30 I2 4 - I8 65 15 IOI 97 93 88 SO 72 I866 Z - 2 5 22 31 42 5~ 5~ 37 I7 12 3 iS66 I6 1oi 99 93 85 70 65 1866' —IO —IO 0 28 35 52 55 54 43 27: 20 I 18664 I 92 89 76 64 61 1867: —13 151- 6 18 33 44 53 47 37 22 [ 8. 873 2i 92 89 84 76 66 62 1834 m2- i3 21 33 45 52 5~ 36 3o1 - 18 3 4 90,86 88 79 66 55 I866 i 6 4I 4 26 35 48 53 52 4o! 24~ I5 II2 1866I3 99 95 9~ 85 74 65 t1866 -17 —I6-4 15 28 37 49 45'33 22 4 — 2 I866 1 Also in I866 and I87O. 9. Also in 187o. a Also in 1867 and I868. 4 Also in 1868. s Also in 1859 and 1862. 6 Also in 1871. 7 Also in 1862. 8 Also in 1855. Also in I856. 10 Also in 1852. ~1 Also in 1862, 1866, and I868. la Also in 1867. 222 TABLESOF MONTHLY EXTREMES SOUTH CAROLINA. HIGHEST TEMPERATURE Begins. Ends. ~._d ~; ~; ~ ~ o t I I. Charleston...... 2o Jan. 175o; Dec. I854 ~7 79 88 94 96 2. Fert Moulttie..... 25 Jan. 1823; Dec. I86o 72 77 89 92 96 t t TENNESSEE. x. Glenwood Cottage.... 48I Jan. I86o; Dec. I87o 73 73 80 89 88 91 2. Humboldt......... July,'I87o; JuneI874 7~ 77 82 89 98IO4 TEXAS. J I 1. Austin...... 650 Apr. I85I; June,1874 9~; 1o4 2. Camp Colorado........ Nov. I856; Jan. I86I 92' IIof 3. Camp Stockton..... June, 1859; June, I874 98 4. Camp Verde..... I4oo Dec. I856; Feb. I869 9c ) 9~ 5. Fort Belknap..... jII~ I6oo July, I85I; Jan. I859 94 ) IO4 6. Fort Bliss...... 383~ July', I854; June, I87I 89 {II2 7. Fort Brown.... Sept. 1849; June,~874 93; /Io~ 8. Fort Chadbourne'..., May, I852; Mar. 186I 94; [IO( 9' Fort Clarke..... Aug. I852; July, I873 98 i ]Io7 Io. Fort Croghan..... June, I849; Aug. I853 95 [9~ II. Fort Davis...... Nov. I854; Dec. I873 9~ ~ {IO7 12. Fort Duncan..... Oct. 1849; JuneI874 Ioo; ]II2 x3. Fort Graham..... Mar. 185o; Aug. I853; ]Ioc 14. Fort Griffin..... July, I87o; June, I874 92, /lO5 I5. Fort' Inge...... /96 Sept. I849; Jan. 1868 I6. Fort Lancaster.... {Io5. May, 1856; Feb. I86o 95 [Ixc x7. Fort Mcintosh..... July, I849; June, I874 Io5, 1Io6..... / 96,92,m, 19. Fort Mason..... Apr. I852; Feb. I86I 92 20. Fort Richardson.... Apr. 18.68; June, I874 ii! 84 2I. Fort Worth..... Nov.I849; Aug. I853 95 {IOO 22. Gilmer, near..... Jan. 186o; Dec. I87o 87 23. Ringgold Barracks.... Sept. I849; June, I874 xoo IO8 24. SanAntonio..... I 98 Jan. 1846; July, 1873 194 /los UTAH, I. Camp Douglas..... 4800 Dec. 1862; June, I874 62 64 70 82 9i 98 2. Fort Crittenden..... 486o July, I858; July, 186I 49 52 67 85 9~ Io3 3. Great Salt Lake City.... 426o Jan. 1864; Dec. I866 46 58 68 80 88 9~ VERMONT, x. Craftsbury...... IlOO Jan. 1862; Dee. I87o 45 54 58 69 83 9~ 2. Lunenburg..... II24 Jan. 1862; Dec. r87o 42 65 78 78 88 98 3. Middlebury..... 398 Jan. 1865; Dec. 1869 44 58 66 76 79 85 4. Randolph...... 70o Jan. 1866; Dec. ~87o 47 49 60 77 86 95 VIRGINIA. ~. Alexandria.... 56 Jan. 1853; Feb. ~864 70 7~ 79 92 96 96 2. Fortress Monroe... Jan. 1826; June, 1874 72 72 78 91 9~ 97' Also in I874. ~ Also in 1872. s Alsoin ~87I. ~ Alsoin ~852. O F T6` EI ATMOSPHERIhR: IC TEMPERATUR~W ~'IU t~E. 223 DURING EACH MONTI-. (~ 1 LOWEST TEMPERATURE DURING EACH MONTH. Year of YeII~ar of Extreme Extreme c7 TR O ~ A ~ FztHeat. u 0 v Cld 101O 96 92 89 85 78 111752 1 6 22 13 6 53 6261 49 33 28 20 I852 299 9693 SS 82 79 15 j1( 6 25 35 4 64 59 52 38 271 I9 I835 79 185I I41 45 52 24I391 ~ 1 998 91 87 9 74 86o - 81- 4 11 30 40I 52 5 7 513 3 24 13 ho 864 21 9S 104 97 88, 75 72 7 - 8 I III 29 39S 85 4 0 9 3173 1 107 io6 I04 98 91 86 i86o 6 Ig 21 28 44 6i 66 65 49 29- IS Io I864 2 I07 104 97 92 87 76 I857 7 17 22 28 46 58 7o 64 55 41 21 9 i86o 3 Ill 108 109 102 SS SS 1873 3 1 j 5 24 22 32 54 49 58 44 24 I4 1 9 1859 4 I02 102 97 98 85 86 I857 10 I 9 i6 29 45 57 6i 63 43 37 I4 12 1857 5 108 110 101I 96 84 SO I855 2 1 1 23 3 1 42 52 62 57 46 32 10 1 1855 6 log I0o7 103'99 85 78. i87I I I 12 IS 28 4I 54 58 56 51 25 11 II I 8692 7 I02 100 96 98 g i 89 iS6o3 20 28 361 44 48 63 63 67 51 44 3I 22 IS73 8 log 110 ~o 10 99 89 go I855 II-1 9 20 28 363 55 48 61 44 26 1 5 3 i86o 9 109 II') 103 98 88 S2 i871 1 20 29 30 51 59 68 68 50 40 IO I2 I S73 10 99 103 101 92 8SS 83.1.I51 8 1 5 25 32 40 5o 6 60 50 40 28 9 1852 11 101 98 96 98 85 78 1873 -15a5 17 9 — 2 38 45 5645 30 2I IO 7 18;73 12 Io!HO9104 99 94 85 I~o I 92 64 26 7 54 38 27 18504~o 1 I12~ II2 1[05 96 87 82 18 I52 I5 201 251 36 40 56 68 64 49 32 27 5 1850 1 41 io6 io3 io 96 88 82 I871 [- 4 1 ro 14 27 39 55 48 50 38 i6 9 1- 7 18I70 15 Ioo io6 ioi 92 93 84 IS59 II 201 26 33 48 5;7 65 63 49 36 22 i -g i868 i6 log io6 97 94 85 79 iS60 i 6 25 31 44 53 64' 62 49 31 14 10 IS57 17 103 109 106 104 97 93 IS71 19 23 28 37 48 62 68 69 48 38 23 17 IS50 IS 105 104 100 91 85 SI I873 D 973; 0 3 I 3I I9 I873 I9 I14 103 96 gi S6 83 iS6o II 20 24 30 44 59 66 52 51 41 q 27 20 i86o 20 109 107 102 94 8 5 74 i86S -IO 10 I 23 9 40 45 55 50 48 30 8 21 IS73 21 I04 I07 103 96 86 75 I850 51. i6 25 34 44 6o 62 61 44 30 26 7'1852 22 108 102 98 90 90 79 i1 86o Io i6 221 38 4o 62 7i 63 47 31 21 17 I 868 23 107l I05 105 98 95 90 I871 20 26 32 30 49 63 69 70T 56 40 22 IS i850 24 103 I I09 102 98 90 Sq I871 1 4 25 29 32 46 62 6o 6o 55 36 27 14 18525 1 103 105 89 99 7i 6S I87I 4 0 0 1 5 19 34 38 44 3I 21 II 4 jS64 2 96 95 go 86 69 6o 1859s — I5 - 6 - 2 20 21 43 5S 56 30 I2 S -22 IS59 3 95 95 85 83 72 52 i864' 6 81- 3 4 22 3 8 45 56 60 35 30 22 6 I 864. I 101 92 85 So 64. 64 iS68 — 25 — IS -17 1 3 28 36 47 V2 28 II 3 -18Q I 866 21 97 o o8 04 iS64 — 25 1 -25 i -23 2 38 43 51)5-30 16 IOO 90 83 707 6 4S 88 -2 -1-2 4 25 3 4 2 25 15 5 -30 1 S6S TABLES OF MONTHLY EXTREMES 22~ VIASHING TON. HIGHEST TEMPERATURE [NAME OF STATION, Height. SERIES. ~ ~., Begins. ~ Ends. ~ -~ ~-. ~ o o I. Camp Steele..... 15o Jan. 186o; Dec. 187~ ~6 55 57 ~8,8~9 2. Cape Disappointment... 3~ Aug. 1864; June, 1874 55 58 70 -)3 92 3. Fort Colville.... I ~63 Jan. 186o; June, 1874 48 51 58 -)I 9~ 4. Fort Steilacoom......5o Nov. I849 Mar. 1868 60 64 76 -)2 5' F~rtz~wnshend ~ ~ ~ ~ Jan. 1859; June, I874 57 55 53 79 6. Fort Vancouver.... Dec. ~5 1849 July, 1868 61 64 52 p8 98 7. Fort Watla-Walla..... Jan. 1857; May, 1867 68 61 z6 -)9 Io4 WISCONSIN. I. Beloit...... 75~ Jan. I86o; Dee. 1866 48 51 7~ 82 9~ 93 2. Embarrass...... Jan. I864; Dec. 187o 53 56 66 82 98 98 3. Fort Craw~ord..... 642 Jan. 182o' Aug. 1845 66 60 84 9[ 96 96 4. Fort Howard..... 620 Jan. 1822; May, 1852 59 54 85 87 97~oo 5. Fort Winnebago.... 77~ Jan. 1831; Aug. I845 53 61 80 87 96 98 6. Manitowoe..... 658 Jan. 186o; Dec. I87o 49 56 70 77 92 97 7. Milwaukee..... 604 Aug. 1859; Dec. I87o 49 56 7~ 80 91 lOO 8. Superior City..... 680 Aug,. I859; Dec. 1862 53 55 7~ 7~ 92 96 9. Waupaca...... 900 Jan. 1864; Dec. 1869 54 5~ 71 77 95 98 WYOMING. 1. Fort Bridger..... 6656 July, 1858; June, 1874 53 58 75 75 82 90 2. Fort D. A. Russel1....... Dec. I869; June, 1874 61 63 70 79 88 97 3. Fort Fetterman..... Nov. I868; June, 1874 63 59 70 81 91 99 4- Fort Fred. Steele.... Jan. 186o; June, 1874 56 55 6I 75 93 lO4 5. Fort Laramie..... 4472 Sept. 1849; June, 1874 68 7~ 83 89 98 Io2 6. Fort Sanders..... 7161 Sept. I866; June, 1874 57 60 70 7~ 83 89:MEXICO. x. Cordova...... 860 Jan. 1862; Dec. 1864 76 78 84 86 82 81 2. Mirador...... 3600 Jan. I861; Dec. I87o 85 86 91 9~ 95 91 II COSTA RICA. i. SanJosd...... 3772 Jan. i865; Dec. I866 85 85 85 82 8i l 8i CUBA. I. Havana...... 50 Jan. 1859; Nov. 187o 85 9~ 93 98 96lO3 NEW GRANADA. I. Aspinwall...... 6 Jan. 1865; Dec. 187o 84 83 84 9~ 93 87 OFP THNE ATT.I OS SP HE-RI'I T~iiUPERAT UR 32E. 225S W~~TASHINGTON.;~O~ DURING EACH MOlNTH.(I / LOWEST TEMPERATURE DURINIG EACH MONTH..Year of Y f ear of 4-1 Extreme~et 1k a Extreme ~~~b~~~~~0 ~ eauu Cold. 1 95 8]8 8 85 667 59 56 1j 870 10 15 10s "I 304 4 13 408 4144 49 42 32 301 ig JS621 2Ii04 S5 S6 81 75 59 i865 20 26 20i 33 3S 38 49 46 40 36 30) 17 IS171 31I03 96 89 76 63 59 11 872 — 30 — 20 — 20 I5 20 30 30 3 5 I 2 9 - S — 22 iS62 4 94 97 87 So 66 69 i86o 1- 8[ 2 12 25 35 41 44 13 28 28 17l o iS62 ji95 SS 76 67 56 54 1 870 I 2 35 3S 41 40 35 32'1-2 17 696 98 94 82 68 59 1( 8522 -10IO 2 283.3 410 4 0 2 21 - I I 862 7 107 107 98 88 78 63 18593 11-24 -- 2 3 30 40 4S 54 52 35 29 8 -- 611 iS62 1 94 96 S6 S2 61 50 11 S64 -29 -27 1- 4 I9 30 45 52 48 32 19 -- 2 — 20 iS64 21I04 98 90 84 62 54 iS66 — 36 — 25t-17 II 23 32 40 40 27 14 -- 8 — IS I S64~ 3 r00 9S go S6 76 -6 IS39 -— 28 -32 -23 4 26 26 4S 44 30 6 — I2 -22 1I832 4 100 100 9S S4 76 54 i823 1-30 -R_21 52 32 42 38 24 161 1-5 I2 5 104 94'91 S2 I 6S 57 i838 i -29 -3 3 ]-20 8 I9 32 40 39 24 8 -13 1-24r 1832 6 96 94~ 86 So 63 56 1870 -26 -I7 - 6 i8 30 42 48 44 34 20 -- 3 — I6 I 864 7 97 97 91 Si 1 69 59 1870 -30 -I8 - 7 i6 27 39 44 43 33 20 -- 3 — I9 i864 S 99 97 88 84 66 49 iS r66 -337 1 -38 -24 — 5 15 29 35 33 21 15 -19 -32 I 863 9 97 98 go 83 64 49 xS64 — 301 —27 -17 IO 30 45 52 45 35 i81 - 6 — 20 J 864 919 92 85 7 9 5 83 -3 7-22 — 29 0 17 24 1 2 6 15 1-13 17-2 873 3 Io ro 085 79 6 57 1873 -33141-2 1 1 2 0 2813j-6-2-6 r7 2 103 0 97 99 85 7i 62 187 -23 -26 21- i 1 141 25 38 30 20 0 114 -29 1870 3100 107 9 90 8 76 59 i8669 -- -22 51 — 12 21 29 40' I28 3 - 6 -22 I86 G 9 97 87 0 3' 0 I49 50-30-21 — 12 23 9 3 1 2140 ]-36 1873 102 f884,: -22 -20 20 34 i6 - 8 GQ20 -22 So 64 57 I871 6338 5 13 335. I 8 73 5I05 10 9 9 9 9 S6 40-3 -6 5 7 1 734 II- I8-3 S64 96 97 87 90 73 B 6o 6 1 / 9 l 50 I630 121 6 I2 2- 29 31 i6 -25 -3 1;86 86 86/Sbjs6(Sb( IS'tj5;;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~5S I86 29 APRIL~COSA RICA 226 TABLES OF MONTHLY b; TB:;~ EXTREMES ~ Atlthough the contents of the tables of observed extremes of temperature can readily be scanned by simple inspection, there are a few prominent features which deserve to be specially noticed. With respect to extreme heat, perhaps the most remarkable contrast is presented in the case of Fort Simpson, in latitude 62' 10', having a greater recorded maximum (104') than even stations on the Gulf of M~exico; as for instance, New Orleans (100') and KZey West (98'). This arises on the one hand from- the prolonged insolaltion and consequent accumulation of heat and from the dryness of the air at the northern station, and, on the other hand, mainly from the presence of a large amount ofE moisture at the southern stations. The difference of latitude is not less than 37~0 Of places showing Iligh extremes in all months, Forts Fillmore and Cummings, New M~exico, are prominent examples; at these stations the heat in January rises to 95' but only to 107' in June. The former fort has an altitude of 39 37 feet. Other stations of high January heat are Fort D~uncan, T'exas, with 9 10, and Camp Mcclowell, Arizona, Fort MRcIntosh and Ringyoold Barracks, Texas, with 900 each. If we regard, 110' Fah. as an exceptionally high temperature we shall find it exceeded in the following states or territories and stations, according to our limited. table: Arizona Fort Mojave' I 180 California Fort Miiller 1 2I,. also Camp Cady i i 8, elevation 3ooo feet. Dakota Fort Sully 114I~ Idaho Fort Bo0ise' 1 2 I Indian Territory Fort Gibson.,ii6 Kansas Fort Larned 115,g elevation 11932 feet. Montana FortE Shaw II 2Ilz elevation 6ooo feet. Nebraska..,Fort M~cPherson - 115 Nevada Camp Halleck. iii,, elevation 56oo feet. ~New Mdexico. Fort 1McRae. 120, elevation 4500 feet, also Albuquerque,, 114, elevation 5032 feet. Texas Fort Mdason. I.1I4. These stations are all'in the western part of the United iStates, and many of them, at considerable elevations. Exceptionally depressed heat, in Janu22ary, we find noted at: Fort Ransom 340 and Ffort Wadsworth 400 in Dakota;ta at New Ulm and Sibley, MR/inn., 41', and at Lunenburg, Vt., Strattford, Na. HE., and Fort Wrangel, Alaska, of 42'. With respect to extreme cold its geographical distribution depends mostly on the latitude asnd not like the extreme heat, as we have seen, mostl' on the longitude. OF THE ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE. 227 Colorado... Fort Garland.. — 40o, elevation 8365 feet. Dakota.... Fort Abercrombie — 40 Fort Buford.. — 40o Michigan.. Fort Brady e r e-47 s @ Michigan.. Fort Brady.. — 47 The region in the vicinity of these Minesta..Fort Ripley...- 44.. Minnesota. Fort ipley — 44 stations is one frequently visited by Minneapolis.. — 40 MontnaCampoi.-53 the most excessive cold reached within Montana.. Camp Baker-. - 53 Morntm Bae — 53\ the limllits of the United States. Fort Benton...-5 Fort Ellis.. -53 Fort Shaw ~ — 43 New York... Gouverneur.. -4o Lowville.. — 40 Madison Barracks. — 44 Sackett's Harbor. — 46 Salem.. — 4o Wyoming.. Fort Fetterman. — 4o Fort Laramie. -4o Fort Sanders.. — 5o, elevation 7i6o feet. To the above would certainly have been added the States of Iowa, Maine, New Hlampshire, Vermont, and WVisconsin, and most probably others bordering on these to the southward, but for our limited collection both in number of stations and in length of interval of time. In the warmest month in the year, that is, for July, the temperature is recorded to have sunk to the freezing point of Rater (32~) or below it, il Arizona, Maine (at Brunswick, 27~), Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nevada, New York, Oregon, Washington Territory, and -Wyoming. Subtracting the lowest from the highest temperature recorded at any one station we obtain the extreme range of recorded variability, of which the following selected values may serve as examples: Extreme ranges at one or more stations equaling or exceeding 140~. British North America iFort Simpson) 159~. Dakota 146~, Iowa 140~, Kansas 140~, Michigan 140~, Minnesota 147~, Montana 156~, New York 1420, Wisconsin 140~, and Wyoming 147~. The least annual extreme range is recorded at Indian Key,' Florida, 42~, and very small ranges at Key West, Florida, 540, at Fort Point, Golden Gate, California, 52~, and at Alcatraz Island, Harbor of San Francisco, of 53~. The ratio of the highest to the lowest range within the limits of the United States (excepting Alaska) is as 3.7 to 1. If we investigate the extreme range for eacfh aonth separately we find, for instance, from the 72 stations in our table for the State of New York, the average values: Averages.' Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. |June. July. | Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Highesttemperature... 6 I 61 73 85 9I 95 9 6 g I2 72 6I Lowest temperature... 2Igl-9-IO II 24 35 45 4 29 I9 4 -I4 bsolute monthly range..2 80 83 74 67 1 60 53 56 62 63 68 75 Ratio, the average being 69 1.2 1.2 1.2 I.I I.O o.9 0.8.8 o.g o.g9 Io I.I A very short series. 22S TABLES OF MONTHLY EXTREMES The monthly absolute range is least in summer and greatest il winter, a result which has already been reached in a different way in reference to variations in the monthly means, and the ratios indicate a regular progression in the yearly period; the January variability in the temperature is one and a half times as great as the July variability. The 11 stations given ill the table for Florida yield the following results — Averages. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. o 0 0 0 0 0o o o o 0 o 0 Highest temperature... 84.2 85.4'88.o 90.'2 94. I 97.0 957 97.I 95.5 9~.8 87. 2 85.4 Lowest temperature... 30.4 32-4 39.3 45.9 55.I 64. 68.8 66.7 63.0 49. I 4o.2 33.0 Absolute monthly range. 53.8 53.0 48-7 i44.3 39.0 32.9 26,9 3~.4 32.5 4I-7 47.0 5 2.4 Ratio, the average being 4I.9 I.3 I.3 I.2 I.i 0.9 0.8 o.6 0.7 0.8 I.o I. I I.2 We have the same regularity in the law of the annual progression, but the ratio of the variability in January to that of July is as 2 to 1. The average variability during the year in the latitude of New York is to the variability in the latitude of Florida as 69 to 42. cTabulation of the 111ean Annucal Temperatucre in the United States, and at somze _places in British North Amnerica, for a succession of years, f?~om the earliest records to the close of the year 1870. The object of this tabulation was to furnish, in a convenient form, a basis for discussions relating to the study of the variations of our climate-as far as the same depends on temperature —during long intervals, involving questions of permanency, of periodic variations, of irregular fluctuations, and other relations. The tables will, therefore, be of permanent value, since they furnish the earliest material available, and they have consequently been made as complete as possible, at least within the area of the United States. The arrangement is that by States and Territories and by stations ill each, the whole in alphabetical order. In conformity with previous investigation the annual means have been corrected, as far as that could be done now, for daily variation, excepting those few cases whllere the hours of observation were unknown, as indicated by foot notes. To give to the tables the fullest extent compatible with accuracy, broken records (extending over less than one year) have been completed by interpolation, but only when observations were found recorded during at least 9 months of the calendar year. This interpolation-for 1, 2, or 3 months (as the case may be) was effected as follows: comparison by differences seas made +vith seco7~ds complete during the period at an acdjacent station or at near places for some months preceding and following the lacuna, and the average difference was applied to the record to furnish the interpolated value for the incomplete station. If no suitable adjacent station for comparison ~could be found, the general mean from the whole series for the particular -months or month was substituted in the place of the blank record. The first OF THIIE ATMOSPHERIC TE:MPERATURE. 229 method of interpolation is quite perfect, the second is less satisfactory, yet it is not apprehended that the annual mean could in the worst case be vitiated or in general rendered uncertain by more than == 0~.5. In all cases where such limited interpolation had to be resorted to the fact is indicated in the tables by an asterisk affixed. It should also be understood that all tabular annual means were found by dividing by 12, the sum of the monthly means belonging to the calendar Months; the small correction for inequality of months (previously referred to) is nearly constant, and would not affect any conclusions we may deduce from the tables; of the same nature are index errors to the thermometers and reductions for difference of elevation or different exposures of stations at no great distance apart, as for instance within the limits of a city.'The bottoon line of the tables contains the resulting mean temperatures for the respective stations; they are in general the mean of all the annual means in their respective columnls, but they are made up from the separate monthly ealns, and include consequently all monthly neans whether they belong to complete or incomplete years, in fact wve might have a resulting annual mean from observations scattered over all the months but in different years and yet no single year complete.'his explains the occasional differences of the resultant temperature from the simple mean of the individual complete years, and has lothing to do with interpolation. In conformity with custom the mean temperatures are given to two places of decimals, but the hundredths of a degree have very little real value, and that only differentially. TABLES OF THE MEAN ANNUAL TEMPERATURE IN THE UNITED STATES AND BRIITISH NORTH AMERICA FOR A SUCCESSION OF YEARS. ALL NUMBERS ARE EXPRESSED IN DEGREES AND FRACTIONS OF THE FAHRENHEIT SOALE. 230 TABLES OF TH-E MEAN Aa~NNUAL TEMIPERATURE GREEN- B~BRITISH NORTH AMERICA.RIC~ El) V~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 j. d cd~ C) 0 Q) 0 0 ~r ~ cd 4-1 C): F F1 u r n P -1;lqk: b = V ) U ) ---------- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I 84........ 3 4 1 8 3 5............ 3 8 9.......... 183.................. 3 7 8 1.. 1837................... G.. 3-87 i.-........ 188.............. 765......... 1 8 4................4 1 5 - i84 4 3 3 u 8 *..................e 18 4 4 2....................4. 185~9............... P ~.~ 90............ 44. I II ~. i86.....,.......... 217....,.... 2-5*............ I...I... i 863........................~ I ~~ 3 i8 ~~ I ~~ I ~~...... i 864 I ~~ ~ I ~~ I ~... 1 2-5*....................................... i 865 ~ I...13 I.....~.... ~~I..... ~............ ~~ii~~ ~~I ~ i 866... I ~ ~......... I~. 3~~...,.,...,...,...,.....,... i 867...... ~~ I.~............... ~~ I......... I... 39.66 4~7 i 868... 3I....88.......,...............8... 38.o... i 869...............0......0...... 37. 1*.........84.. 1 40-42... 18 22 47 13n I5 3I.i8 i..751.. 22I36... 26-75 37 I7 37-93 40-801 4I.20 42.I9 39.62 43-3 1863,,..,,,,,.....Hours of observation unknown.,.. IN THE UNITED STATES AND BRITISH NORTH AMERICA. 231 BRITISH NORTH AMERICA. —Continued. u u ~o u F;O~~ o ~o ~rl Q1 a~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~ a,01 C 0 0 0,, LncO00 0' i0 ~'0 U U.. +4 41t- 4 - U O hO "O hO "-,U o o) o C, o d 0 cd 0 hiRo o ~- o - oR o of - a7o — V —-— ~ x 0 0 cd 41, Lai: c c3 C's cr3 (f cd d' cd 1798~~~L 182 41'c;> 0 0 4O O F:O C O F:::: k j ( U cd -, —I15S. cd 1800,;:9 O I8O 9. 1oI 1 8o I4~,6.6 o 1794......... 52.44.........6.................. I 795....... 5,-76..............................~ I ~~ 0~ I 796......... 50-48.....................~~~ I ~~ ~~ I~~ 1797.........~~ 48.7 2................................... I ~~ I ~~ 1798......... 5 I 5I93.........~ 1824 4I.0...... C..~~ ~~ I ~~ I ~ I 799......... 49. i 6......... I 825 42. 5..................... ~~ 18o8...84........ 486 3...... 8...... 52~~~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.72... 04. i8o5.......... 52-3...... I827 40.0... 43-5............ i 802...,...,... 5 I.38*........, 1828 42.4...~ 46. i...............1 ~~ 1803...1o.. 50.95 1829 42. 3 9 44 ~8............ i 804~...,.. 49-10.... I... 1830 40.4 ~ 46.6... ~. 1805 1 1 i. 8o......... 183, 40.7... 45.6.....84......... i8o6... ~~ I ~ 5o.6i......,,, 13... i 83 2 435.........~ I ~~ I ~ I I 807... i ~~~ I 52.09......... ~~ 1833... 8... 4316... 4..2o.. 1-856....3' 32......... 1834... 9... 43.8...... i 8og... I.~... 52-54.........~ 1835...I~~ 41.7..... ~~ ~~ i ~ I810... 525...... 5~,.,... 1836......~ 39.5 40. 05...... I~~ I~~ 18i... 53.20... I... 1837... 40.8 40.84... i838......~ 4I.3 41.20...... I ~~ I ~~ j856............... ~1 43-32'N-... 1839......~ 43.8 43.69............ ~~ 1857......~ I I......... 45-48... 1840... 4 4.54 42.8 43.91............ 1858........ 41.71 43.o2:3'0 1841 432... 2... 1859............ 43.15 4o44'04 t 1842...... 42. 7............... i860 43'5.................. I1843.../... 42. 5............... i861 42'7............ 1844... 42.2......... i862 43'9...1... 43'97'... 1845... 43.3... 42'75......... i863 4465 4344......[2..]9.. 1846...... 45.4... 44-39 42.9...... i,864... 42t7...... 43197'140.45 I1847...... 43I1... 42 [07 41.0 1856 42.99 i865... 4268.....I. 43.65 40.92 1848...... 44.0... 42.88 44.0 1857 42.86 i 866... 42.4........~ 43.54e[40.21 I I849... 43... 42-45 4 [2.1 1858 4I.95 i867... I ~~~ 41-98...... 42.80* 39-72 I850 43.4 42-56 4318 1859 42.22 i868 42'05...... 41-72* 38.6o I85, 42.2... 41-70... i86o... i869... 43.20... 44.17* 41-3 I 1852...... 43.4... 42.93... i 861 44-41 i879 41.5 6'-,x1853............. 14315. 862 43.99 43.65: 42.839 42.41 5.43' 42.95- 43.75 40. 339 41~18 42.12 43 44 44.48 42:75 42.771 43!11 Hours of observation unknown. 2 Three observations daily; hours not stated. 232 TABLES OF THEE MEAN ANNUAL TEMPERATURE BRITISH NORTH AMERICA.-ConHG~ —~Coiltinued. C; C; C;~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~F- F 0~~ 0~~ 0~~,O~' hO) O O O O O ~~~~~~~~O ~~0 4.1 ~ ~ ~ F: Or, eel~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4~~ lec Iw., cc~~~ ~ r~t( a b~I F; 4-1 "t-e b " bb 0 0 0 O ~ OTlO O CO F oO oo " C) - U &. - d P~e I a~~ c, o;1 Pt ~~~~~~4 Cd l 0 0 0 Vr 4ic, c k~~~~~U 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0S......... I 8 3... 4 3 - 3........................ I 83... 4-01...................... 83. 4-5 92............... 83.. 458 490. i8I2... 40.20... I 842 183... 48.OI 49.7......... 43 ~~ I 96 i8I3 4 1 ~~ 07... ~ 1843... 49~o42 49.7......... 42 ~~ 1 35 ~~S I4 4I ~~ 12 i 844...~~ 48.67 5 2 ~5............ 44 I 48 1815..... 39-75... 1845.. 48.65 49~............ 44~~~ 58 18i6...,... 38.12 i 846......... 50 ~~ I~~~ ~~ 82 46~ 36 1817...... 38.62 i 847... 48-77 ~7I.... 3. I 59... 43-70 i81i..... 40~949 I 848 ~ 80 07 ~ ~ ~... 4-1... 45. o8 1812... I... 1 40.20~ ~ I 84... 14... 88.172....,...,... 44. 09 q~9 x 838... 40..3...... 1850 ~~ 4. 7 5~......... 49-34......~ 44-45 i 839 4I~. 3~7 ~~ 44...... 5 4-37............ 43-98 i 80 1....,... i85 2... 48.86 I ~~I.. 0.8...,........ 43.846 i 841 4I.2...8. 6... I88 ~ I ~i 5 0.7 08...3.5... 44-3~80 i 842..... 40.2...184... 185...... 49.6iI ~~...,...... 45.2" 1843.. 40.3... i~~ 855...,...,............~ ~~ I~~ 43-98 844 39.84 ~~ I~. 1856 44. 40-55 4II~1~I ~~ 5 42.1r~9 r846....42-3...... 1858 4I.10...... 48-77 I.9 43.I..... 44-76 1841 ~~~ 41.2 ~~~ 1 ~~~ r~~859 41 I ~~ 43...08 ~~... 474 4,5...... 44.210 1852......... 42.82 i86 41 42......... 39.2o...... 3 5.7 6* 44,24 i85 3. 9~...,... 4256 i 62 4123.. II......... 4~5 4I5 ~~ ~ 44-37 18556... 14 ~... 41.63 i864 43.89...,...... 4 ~6 43 I ~~ ~ 44-70 I856...... 39 -9I i 865 7~9 4~7 1~~ ~~ ~~ 44-92 1857 4o.58......~~ 40-93 1866......,.. 2~I........ 43.5, 1858 4o.o6...... 40-35 i 867 1.4...,...... 9.2...,... 43.84 4~2 1859... ~ ~~ 4. 6 182 412... 41-58 i S68 40-59...,... 43-33 i 80 4-4...... I ~ I~3 869 4I.20.,.....,..,........ 43~ 13 i 860 34 ~ ~ ~ 891 41-72...... 4296 i87 4I4............... 45-94I 41-451 40-84 40-311 41.62 4 14I89 47-09 50- 541 48. 64 40-95 42-77' 38-59 35.OI 44. I H Iours of observation unknown. IcN THE UNITE 2`ED STATE ~S AN~TD BRITISH Ix n NORTH AMERIC a cA. 233 P, cd d P,.I I C4 k O F: Fj41 C cd cd ~ e k 3 = O C) O d: -i- d e 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 1835................. 66.~~~~ 6~20*................ I ~~ 1 ~~ I ~. I. 1840....................... 70. 05*............1 ~~ ~~ 1841.........................I ~~ I ~~ 68-41... ~ I ~~ I ~~ ~ 70-01 i 842............. 66. 5&,-...,... 6 9. 74... 65.oi*............ 1843.....................~ I ~~~ I ~~ ~~ I ~~ 65-48.........~~... I 844.................................I0~~ I.~ ~~ I ~~ 1 ~~ I ~~ 1845............................... 65-03............ 1846.................. ~~ I ~~ ~~..~ I. 65-85 ~~..,.... 18Q47............~~ ~~ ~~ I ~~ I ~~ ~~ ( ) 64. 68... 1....... 184-8,,,,,...,...,...,...,.......... 6568...... I... I 849............... 62-252............. 65-87............ ~~ 1850...,............... ~~.~ 1 ~... 66. 82...,....,... 1851....................~~ i ~~ ~.~ I ~~ ~. 66-57.........~- I ~~ 1852.................. 68. i) ~~ ~~ I ~~~ I ~~ Q~6... ~) ) ~~ ~ 1853.....................~~ I ~~ ~~ 1 ~~~ ~~ 66-49... ~~ i ~, ~ 1854............~~~~ I ~~ I ~~...... 66. 67...... I ~~ I ~~ I855... 64-36*C......... I ~~ I ~~ 65.24*...,.. 66'6 i...,...,..., 1856... 62-48............~ 1 ~~ 62. 99*.... 65.18......~... 1857 56. 45 6i.96 62.8 9.........~ ~~ 6o. 8o 6o.64*...... 64~58........., 1858......~ 63-95*.........~ ~~ 62.44o 62.65*...... 66-32......~ 63-8I*... I 859...... 65.562*........ 1.~ 63. o 6 62. 64*~... 66. 22...... 64~ 29*... 186o........................ 69.~ ~~ I ~r~~ 925*......I ~~... 186i......................~~ 64~ 56*...... I ~~ ~~ I ~ 1 ~~ ~ rS67...... 66.35'k......... 63.65...I~~ 6o. 66*k... 64-36*1 66.4" ~~I-. i867..... 66.35*... -43 *... 180.. 932 ~~ 6." ~ 1 ~~ ~ i869...... 64-51 6i....6. 14 16i.85... 58. 63... 62.'74*....~~... 1870......~ 64-58 6i.7I*X 6 i.28-,*..... 6i.76...,...,...,...,...,....,. 56.q45 63. i8 64-72 ~~ 6i.28 62-521 67-59 62-57 62~73 68-75 59.83 66.i5 63-I3 66-43 64-10 70-01 Hoursrar of observation unkna~aown. 234 TABLE ES OF TH`HE MEAN~A li ANNUAL~t i TEMPERATURE T n ALASKA. ARIZONA.W1~~eS~L~ 0 C d 0 0 0 0 P ~a 0 v, o F: o 0 4 on 0 ai 0 o1! 4 a c0 0 0 Cs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o c I 82...... 8-9................ I 29.... 3743.............'13.......... 34-97...................... 18 1...... 3. 0.......... 1832..... S g...... I... 383... ~........~.......... IS33...,...,............~~ ~~; ~~ ~~ I ~~ ~ ~~ I ~~ ~~ I ~ ~8 30... I ~~~ I ~~. 37.67......~ I ~~ I ~~ ~ I ~~ I ~~ ~ I ~~ i ~~ ~ 1848...,...,... 4137 ~~ ~77.........~ I ~~ ~~ I ~~ I ~~ ~~ I ~ i 849... 40 - 3 7 *..... ~~ I.......~~ ~ ~~ I ~~ ~ I ~~ ~~ ~ 1850 ~.......... 40.27............~ I ~~ I ~ I ~~ 1 ~~ ~~ ~~ ~ i851.......... 43.67............~ ~~ ~ I ~~ ~~ I ~~ I ~ 1852............~~ 42. 26................~~ ~~ I1........ i853...... ~~... 40. 87.....................~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ I ~~ i 854... ~~ 1 ~~ ~ 41.8i.... ~~ I ~~ ~ ~~ I ~~ ~.........~ I855....................................~~~ I ~~ I ~~ ~~ ~~ i856...,...,.... 43.,,6.................. I ~~ ~~ ~~ I ~~ I ~~ 1857 ~ ~ ~ ~ 43-05 ~. I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i858...... 41-~ I ~~ 1 I32........................ ~~ ~~ ~r 1859... 408................................. ~~ I ~~~ I ~~ ~~ I ~~ i 86o............~ 43. 23.............................. ~~ I ~~ i86i... 42... 4255...............~ I ~~ I ~~ I ~~ I ~~ I ~ i 862...,..,.... 4I.28,....................... i 863... ~ ~... 42-34............................~ 0~~ I ~~ i 864............~~ 43~331..I ~...................~ I ~~ ~~ I ~~ i867..................I~~ I ~~~ I ~~ ~~ 66. 33 68.oo*- 69. 39-"1 72.12... I i868...... 44~ 74 62......~~ 6;. 79 6-9 67.28 68.87 68.88iii 86 4217*47-37 43-30 ~...~~ 46. 39 6i-87 72-04 59.26 63.oi 65-34 67-9i 67.24 7I.i6 69~75 62-38 i 870... 4 5 3 8-': 43. i 6*... 44.14~58 63-81 72.13 6o-35 64-04... 66.84 67-I5 70-92... 62.89 41.66 46.19 43-48 37~550 42.05' 45-I4 63~009 72.og 6o-58 62.9i 65-78 67.2 5 68.27 7o. 67 69.9o 62-79 Oldad style. IN THE UNITED STATES AND BRITISH NORTH AMERICA. 235 ARIZONA. — Continued. ARKANSAS, CALIFORNIA. rc~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0~~~~~~~~~ a4.o. o Q) O a " 11 cd cd -9 ) 0 41 41 4-J Q F U U~~~~~"~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1840 11 6 3 ~~~~~~59'67 o0 62~'28 60029..[.............o o... x1841.................58'8I..I......I. 1842.................. 59-35......59'88/....I. I 844............ 571.....6.I.... T14 3 ~ ~ ~~~~~~......... a,~~~~~~~ ~~~~. 18494........... 6~o..... 631 I8... ]476,.... o0... 27.. 82. 1x 5..469.... o 2.... 6.0..5S' 4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-, 84............... I 5 785 47.4... 6o6I565. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~546... 591 i85i.............. 1866 ~~~~~~~~~..............6.I.... 85~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~c 1869 i..5.I. 86 5 67. 2.6............. 59-4 5 3... 87 5 53.74. 6i3 4825I5426728 540 6.125.676.1 62.3oc 615579 5836x 58613 86 6~ ~~ u ~(~, 8 967 ~ 61.9x'x'[2... I ~ ~ ~ ~ I87 ~...... ~. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 6.. 1841 ~~~~~~7.54I~~. ~ ~.~I ~ ~ ~ ~ 5i[(3o ~~I ~ I~~ ~ 184.. I.. I..I.... ~~ 9~3..,.. 9~5....6;...6 1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~7843 58..I.. 1~~I~~I~~ 5~3 ~~I~~I~~ 5~4r~~I~~I~~ ~ I847 ~~~ I ~~~ I ~~~ I ~~~ I ~~~6.5 56.~ 57940 ~ ~ ~ 58.36 ~~I~~ ~ 58I6~~I 61.31s81ss 4..~61728~15403.. [[65x9.,7 ~~I~~ ~ 6~.5 6~oGI849.. 1...... I.. I.. I ~~~ 1.00..,...,., 63~'0 ~~ I ~~~I ~~~ I~~~ ~_ 236 TABLES OF THE MEAN AN2NUAL TEMPERiATURE CALIF ORNIA,,-ContiuConti, " ed. o~~~~~~~~~~~~ o!b /oooooo cd cd cd c U U U U U 2.. /.. o I; e I851...7......................... I852 [....................... 6.I7. 1853/........... /...... /....... 15.89o*166.641... 621'72'854............................ P.~ 564J49.7j5 J64.7I*'... 6i.55 I I855[/...................... 53-84'J50.76]66.85J. 63. I 8* i856............. J......J...... 53.66J52.63[65.58j... i857/.......................... 34 * 5.8 6 i8 8......... ~.... 92 5I.74...... I859 1.................... 79 19 i~" 8 o..................480 5I.9t...... 542-.. 66i.................... 5-7 5 1.2905-7...... 54.237.. i862........ 5-3......... 51,0*4.93~...7...... 536 i86....6J86........ 5'3 5o 645-4.. 29'.. 53.89..-.J, 864........ 57.337... I... J.-5.o'-.-...... ~52.3 3.6o0.....J5]8 x863J...... 6x10..6.... 561... 6o'6... 53-367 5:-44......- 53.892"/ 666 ~ ~...J... 7..7.... J... J.....57'... J... J54.94... / 868 45-57 68.23 54. 17 57s73.52... 66.~...... x866/ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~ ~5 57"2 s.52o... 513*... 50 /~~~~~~~~ i 6950876771... 5.55-2 5.5...'6*2'"0............. 15.9 15 7 I*..4 157.5 62-7 2':.......... I... 5.s 7... 53967.722... 56.5 J5-758. 3 347 73 2-.89. 5:6.524 503 524..-5. I.. i6.5o:*... 44 CAIFRNA-Cntnud FQ 679 5o. 19 k, 4.11.... 4C' o R En. ~ C on cd;_4;_4;_q;_ 4 cd d 0F4 U U- O O U U O~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~c)U) c 0 o o o 2 0 0 O o o 0 0 O o ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~03 (.D 0 r~ 18351.43........................ i5o 8 5. i6................................. 1839 5LIS.................... 450. 79............................. i850...... 5.......... 4.0...... 6......... 6o.72... 1851............... o..... 65............ 1852............ 6 9..................... 6i.95... i853... 7541 4............... 55'28 64.64 62.41*:-63.39l...... I854 73.85... I ~............. 54 76... 547 6o... 15 i855 5622*6... I... 5............... 5587... 59.29 62.50 [... 58.8... 5... 738...... 4...... 54-42... 59.62 J60.97...... I857... 59, 9 9 74'98v'" J...54....5... 5,75... 9 60 685 50 2.o 1858 49~6 65... 5 6.67;!~74.79162.91....... 69. i6 1 55. 82 I85..... 53800 5 7... i 86o ~5 6.4 8* 5 2*74.74/.... 5.27*..I.. 523980. 87 i.. i86i 76.44l... 4-9. 54-'%-............ 535 48... 60.00 J63.32 55.92.............. 6o.o3 0 62.46 5.o2 73'.8.5*~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I 59?...33 f 863.....................~~~~4~55... 6o. 64J 6i.6o 5;4.49' I..... 54.55..,4'*3 4 56 ~ 8.55.8 ~ 2 34.. 6o.7J62oj538 7646 ]]] t "' ~64 3 5'6x...., 5474.... J 63.7'..e =! I I I [ I IPI PI C3 16 2 c/,~375o9 3 ~~ ~~I ~ ~... I... I... 55.~......... 5.27..... I87~5II......... 72.. x8[......... 6t.. 2 [,,,, Ig~~~~~~5 5'7t *...... 54..9...... 182...... i.. 16x-~s [.. 482...... 6.9...... IS53~~~~~~~~~~,4 J....__~2 o8._.. [s~4.38[63~I ~ o~I~~ ~~5~8:J6o.oo162.,55.2~39 6.35 [85!so.. 7~5 ~~I~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~~ 5~6. a9!5,'~7 2[s2~, i.43 IN THE UNITED STATES AND BRITISH NORTH AMERICA. 23,7 CALIFORNIA.-ContinCntinued. COLORADO. CONNECTICUT.lfCJ1~~ or. cd 41 4- > 4-1 0 4 cd d I -. a): () 0 9 O Y~j ~r( O F ~, QI C ~'' - ~~o o tor k ~ ~~F Doto o l oil/ Fc~~ ~~~ n F~~ Fr( Fp PLI U U 4 o o o 1827/....../.......................... 52'69 I828......I..................... 56'40 83z...... o........................ 53.60 i832......~~ I ~~~ ~~~ I ~~~ II ~~~ I D~~ I..................... I / 5434 133.....[..................... 52'59 i834...[.......................................... 50t11 I835.................................... 48'76 I843......1.................................... 46'57 1844......[............... 47.64 Z845... [........................... 49-70 1850..............................[... 50'38 I851 /........................................... 5o.,* I853.......]... 40.39'x'................... 51.2> 1854.. i855...... 40 1i........... ii i 1856.................. 39'20 "'................. x857................ 40.38.......... 46.28... 1858............... 1[-*............ 46. x859.........I...... 39'79... I.... I "' I..... 46.54.. x86o/6o. 54:............ 42.05.................. i86i 63.28....,...,... 45-48 53.22........ I... 45. I2 47-18... i 862 6o.9S........,... 44.~24...............~ 44-58 44-97 49-96 49-36* i 863............ 43.24............... 45-96 48-96 50-81 864 ~........................ 45034 50... 1865... 1... [.................. ]...... 45.83 51-13 52.14 i866'..................... 8............. 44-57 49-43 49-09 T867 I...4 7r5.......5 9 03........... 4421 2 47-52 49625 i868............... ~~ 44-52 50-95...... 50-05......~ 43-12 46.99 48-45 I969.. 63~s5~ ~~ 58.85"156 ~37 " ~~ 43.62 48-43* ~ 51-16 47-43* 148-30" ~ 48-45 49-39 I869 63I5..' 88"5-7. 4o 1870...5 [.. 6i.47 58 -34 * 56.53 48.23 44-94 5I 07... 53.26 50-01 5I 45... 46.92* 50-99 51-52 6i.7i 62.9i 6i.47 58.60 56-45 48-I3 42745 5i.6i 52.29 49-51 49957 45.63 44-9I 48.26 50.64 238 TABLES OF THE MEAN ANNUAL TEMPERATURE CONNE CTICUT.-Con tinued. B~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~-,~,O.. o o d o o o o a, d k a, X ~~r, -o7.. 47.71.................... b. 0.0 0( [ l l lo 4 01 1829 477.......... I 830...~ 50-85......... 4 8, I ~. 1 I 7.........8.1 183 fI.. 49.40.................. 1I839 49.I7... 1832... 47.6i 1... i..... 780 49.73*J 1809 49.25 1840 49.04... 18303... 4 1 4842...... ~~~ I ~~~ I ~~~1 1781 50.36j 1810 49'95J 184I 49.541 I134... 48.86....... 1782 49-06 1811 49-70 I 842 49-86 i835...,, 1 46.69......... I 783 48.39 I8I2 146.9go I843 /47.38. 1836... 45.26........ I /784 47.27 1 /8/3 49.04 1 844 5o. 24... x837... 45.97 44-75... I.. I...! x785 47.70o [814 48.6o I 845 5o. 6. I838 47.34 46. I "' /' " I... I /786 48.51 I 815 47.271 1846 50./~O 1839... 47.96 47.31... [... I... 1/787 48.471/81.6 46.6Ii I847 49.44 1840... [47-72 47~0~1 ~~~ i.. 4 -.. i I788 49.72 1 [8/7 46.45 i 848 49.22. 1841... 48.82 46.88... 1... J...!/789/49.50 J8/8 46.77 i 1849 48.29. 1g42... 48.12 47.34... J... J... I /790 49.46 I819 49.o0 I850 48.75 I843... 47.80 45.80......... 1791 49'"O I820 47-92 1 I 49-00 IS44 48.22 47.68... J... [... J 1 7 92 48,15 | 1821 J 47.56 1852 48.78 1845..., 148,90 48.23...~ I,,I...... 1793 J 50.35 [822 49.70 1 x853 J49.6o. i846 49.II 47.26.... I... J I794 50.7 I1 823 48. Io[ 854 49J30 49-97*...... 46.3ol 1847... 48.4I 45.68-... I... 1 795... B 1824 149.86 I855 48.96J 49 90*...... 4571 1848... 1 48-33 1 47-92 1 ~~~ ~....... 796 48.36 1825 50o75 1856 46.98 47I00 47.2 * 44.28 I 849... j47.89 45.92... 1859 47I 91 1797 48. I 1 1826 49.70 o 857 47.53 47179 47-96 44.63 1850 I... (48.I 46~32... I ~860 47.. I 1798 49.32 i 1827 48.87 I 858 48.26...... 44/93 /85 I j...... I4553... s 6I 47-34 I799 48-41 1828 51.82 11859 148.oi...J... 44-99 1852...'..."i 62 47.25 I 800 50. i6 1 1829 48.67 I 860 48.55 /,...... 45 30* I513...~~ I ~~~ I ~~~ i ~~~ i 1863 48.03* <-01 50.96 1 I830 50.83 J x86i I...... 45o43 I854........ 8.76*- Ji64 48i941 1802 51.34 I83I1 49.24 J 1862 49-50...5 o.. 45J43 /855......... 48-36* i865 49. SS*I 803 50.77 1832 47.66 863 50-00...... 45-50 46.oi I856 45.I8'...... 147.47 J 866 49.01 S04j49.83. I 833 48.29 J 864 49J 86...... 46. IJ 1857 7... I..... 47-03 I867 48o01 I 805 51-72 1 S34 48.921 X865 49.97*......... 47-03 I858......,,, 1,,, 1 48.27 / 868 45-95 i 8o6 49J 71 I835 46.56 J866J............ 45-73 I 859......1 48, 10.869 47I42 1807 49.25 1/836 45, IS i867...... 45-52 z86o......... 49.00* I870 509oI I 8o8 50.29 I837 46o41 868......... 43-48 48.16 46.61 48.07v 48.og 49-00 49-14 48.I8 45-74 46.o IN THE UNITED STATES AND BRITISH NORTH AMERICA. 239 CONNEC TIC UT. -Conntiniued. DAKOTA. o k FU B o < o o oo M F~~~~~~~~ O'R O~~~~~~~~~c 3; c, O a, q; Ao o cd d ILD;- ~3;I8I7... 45.5sI............................... i i 18 1 9 48 68'" p, p ~ c I818... 45. 73.................................... isig... 48.68.................................~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~]].. I820... 47]42...................................... IS21... 45.20......................... I 8 3.. 4631..I......... 1824~~~~ ~ ~ ~... 4.6............. r: =5 c3 c3Q) c3 Q, k k k k k::::: IS25... 48.47................................... 1826... 4S.321...................................... 1827... 46. 47.......................................... 182S... 49.00............................. IS27... 45'47........................................... 182... 48.19..................... 1829... 46.83................................ 1832 46o30... 48...................................... I8S34... 46.95................................... IS35... 44-75 ~~I~~ I~..... I ~....... ~~r...~I., 1832... 43.30.................................. 1833~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.... 4..3.. IS9..... 45. S4...... 45~~ ~~ -56...~~ ~~ ~ I0~ ~~ ~~i ~~I ~ ~828... 49. gI..............., S7..................... IS53... 446. 95............ 4597 IS58...... 46............. 1835... 44-75........................... 4639........... 1835 -.. 43465... 45......... i S... S....,.......... 1849............ 45.84......... 8i6 S ] 4 I020 4.. 56... 47 ]25......I..... 1857..6..Q........ 47.29............ 1854 47.Ol................. 45.97 1 858'"6 }... 46......... z8_ ) 47i 7...... i I/S64 4I5...... 4S 5 I89 ~~ ~ I /~~46.3 ~ I0~1 ~ ~ 1856....I.....~ 45.85if... I... I... 186o.,....... 48. 68...,......... i857........ 46504...... 47....86. 4o......... 47.25............. 1858 I... I... I... 46. 83 ]...[..I8239.23...... 46.33 ~~ ~~ 1 ~ tl 859 [... ]... [... 146. 92[... I... ]... [I1863 [39.5o/... I... /48.46[...I~~ I...... [..[ /186o... /... ]... [47. I7I... ['"~ ['" I864 4 1. 5o... [... /48.85'~... [~..... I... ~ 866................... io67............... 48.36'~... 867 39-.17 39. I9:x... 45.66*.-.'........ 1868... [... [... /...... 45.29[.. ] 1868 38.5I 41.23... 46.8o... /' " 40~.73..I 869 3S.02 40.90... 47-52* 3~.20 142.~9~ 44 15 1870... i... 49.99,-...x...-... IS70 41.58 40.78 49.56 40.46 42.91' 41. 26' 48.34 47 33 46.61 49 99 46.98 45 84' 46 49 45 97 39 93 40.64 45 43 46 56 39.27 42.23 41 70 45 44 I Hours of observation unknown. 240 TABLES OF THE MEAN ANNUAL TEMPERATURE DAKoTA.-C._not. DELWAR..I. OF, Co~ ooUII.!FLORIDA.. 3;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 Cd c lFF~F1v 0, k O O O ~ cr O u c, ~U.....~~~..o... o.... 8 4 5 -5.. 1826.. /.. 563........ 182954/2...'.. 2: ~ E ~r~~~~~~~( ~3 k k~( 9 I1829../.. 52'66..[.... I3. I 84-2...i'~ 9.o I-855.. /. 52'97..[.... i3 32 I855.. 69c'73..'856.....9.....6...8 50-9 ~ ~56 1856.. 8875'858!53'52 /55.66..'. 405-5 858 I60370c5. 1859....... 8I5.7i$59 549 86)6-7. I 86o... ~49'.72..1... 6 6I86o.... 1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I8461, 7 861.... i 862.................I7038.6 2 I 862...... 5 *... 542 14' 86 40 i863......... 52.8i*...... 848 55- 37 i 863 53.65 ~~~ I 864 I ~~~ I ~~~ II ~~~2. 3.00..... 3~0 I 849 5.82 ~864 5 I 7,865......... 56.o6...... 52.82', 865 ) 5 00......... 1866...1... 5 4 - 531... i854 55-59* I 866 54;45......... I 867... 37 44*... 54-39......... 12 867...... I 868......... 53-50......... x1856 5i.67 ~868 52!36...... 1869... 38. /... 52- 354 6... I...... 87 20 1869 { 68 4I"...,... 6 1870 39-51 40.26... I ~~~ I 54-89... 54 95...... 54-83 87o 55 I13...... 69 55* i 3S"40]38'73 /48'22 54.28 5'- 52 551 o6 52.91 555~6 91 54 i6. IO 70 05 6898/ IN THIE UNITED STATES AND BRITISH NORTH AMERIC 4A-. 241 FL, ORI D.A. — C ontin ued. p~~~~~~~~~~~~~,q Ao c o~I o o o oo cd cdi 4 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~...... 185.......................... ~ ~ ~ 1 82............ 186...... 72I2*............................. I8 7...... 7. 7....................... 1 8 2 8...... 7 2. I2'...........;......................... 8I 27...... 671.27-2................... I 8 3.. 7 0 8.................. I8 I...... 6 2............ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 12...... 2................. 13709.... 82 68.................. 1833....7..00 8.62'-......... 18 3 6 -5...............18 47 49 6.9 *............ UI8 3 O............ i......... ~~~~~~~~~8182... 7-8... 6............... I876.87...78............ I.88....... 6.2 18286.86..3.4........~...... 1839...... 66.8 7095......... 1829 68-5.5 7.6*...................... 1840... 7.007..I......... 93...719 18230 72. 8...............I8I... 67go 674.. 84... 1824 71.0o.................. 1842.... 68. I5 6.o... 6.6........'~~~~~~~~~14...... 6.68........ I~ ~ 9 8 87.o.......... 18 4...... 6. i8...... I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 13 840.....-4 74.29 I......... 6.g*... I]:816...: 7:[' 18274.5.6.... 7-5......... 1838...... 67.022..749 9.48 9 I 5......... I1843 69875 703.... I8 3....7 ~ 6.. 75-8 75 0 I 844 69.24 70.40.................. I'83 9 4..... 72.5 i5*....o745i 7....64 1845 687.57 " 7o. 6o*............ I8 5............ 73 7 74 5 I 847 71.66...8 4 o..... 9........ S 7.. 6904.. 7 53 73 3 1840... 72.580................. I8 8... 7 -2. ~~~~~~~~~~~18441-3......;...7..... 8.. 4 I85...... 7.2.. i8~ ~~~3i4*7-9 I..O....I.. a, o F9 o o o a o FLI O 184 2 68. 68. o i 69.6 i~~I 68.8*7I33............... i... i86 7..*............... I852... 7... r.... 18............ I82 I2............... 1853...............8 7...... 1844.........9. I854 68-73 71-54 ~~~~... 84788............. 1856 65 ~~ I 95 70 I 70 75 I 59......... 62:~: 1839..71. 54 74................ 9.I-................. 1840.....................4... iS68 74.91........i 1859 67.575........... 8...9-.... I8 6o 67.67..,......... 7......... 77 02.7.4....9 I2 68.08 7 1 51 74 90 72 44 69.8o 69. 6 68. 29 68 39 77.67 69.65 691 39... 75 6...,1 404732 ~842 69.48 629156..... I857 ~~I ~ 729 ~ ~ ~ 1843 69875 71'1~~I ~ ~ I~~I~~ ~ I3... I... 6...2............. 71.9... 61 Ia2 69867.334... I... I... I... I... I... I 853........ 7 1.o6... 70~5.2 7 5.07~ 1844 69.24 70.40"...~...... I... I... I... ~54o........ 721''... 74-937~ 74.641 18456.7*7.0................~~ I~~ I~~ I... 1855... ~~06.7... 6.4.......737458I847.. 71~I ~.6............~~ I... I... 1857.......45 68O- 9.0 4..... 725 7.33 1848 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~83 ~... 72. 8oX............... I838~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~15'. 7. 06...,.. 71.,..42, I4 ~~~ 6..~.......... 1849... 7I~4 47~ ~ ~ 60 8.38" 85..1.. 69. 1840 ~......... 15......~6 149 ~ ~~I~~ 6.2go........... 8... I.........~I~~ 7~0 ~ IS421.3.............. 861 7.4 oI9'.5...... I5...... 7.9... 6I 30 I84~ ~4 7~0 ~~I~~I~~I~~I~~I~~ 1854 ~~I~~I~~ 7~15 68~8~- 743'47: 78.o9 1452 67 1.987~6.................. I5 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 33 45 Is46 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 16 78.126" 7~9 ~~I~~I~~I~~I~~I~~ I... I...... I... i. 7~5 34 1847 ~... 7~6..............,... 863 76.3o ~ ~~901 ~~........ i12~5 73 1883 6713~. 72~8 —.99,...,.... 88 ~~. I4~ ~ ~ ~. IS49 ~,o... 7~........... I 8 47.8,...... 8............~~I ~ ~~I ~ 1850 ~~... 34 7.0... I~~I~~I~~I.... ~~~~~~~~~I8jr 65.817~3 ~~I~~I~~I~~I~~I~~rI6 78.42~..........,...... I85" ~~... 7~8... I...!... I... I..I..sJ6 81....... 1~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~~85 67 73 129. 5 ~ ~ ~~I~~I~~ ~ 83'"~0 ~ ~ I ~ ~......,...... 1854 8~ 7~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 16 58.................... 1~~~~~~~ ~ ~~868 78.7'" I.... I... I... I... I.... 8 7 1 ~ ~ ~ ~.. I859 67;75... I... I.~~I..............I ~ 186o 67.67............. i~~I~ I.... 18~~1~~ I7o 77.02... I......,,... I... ~ 68.0 7151 7~9072.44 69.80 69.16 68.29 68.39 1~6 94.3 I5 ~' 70~.2 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~7766966939 71.51 697t7404732 242 TABLES OF THE MEAN ANNUAL TEMPERATURE FLGRl:DA. —CContinued. 0 v, cn dn d 0f 0 0,c 0 0 0 0 0n 0 0 0 0 0 0 or o o o3 o o3 F: o o: o o~ o oI 1830.................. 77.74.......... x$3I..........~~~~~~........ 76.22........ I$3`2... 7630.........o...... I 33........................ 1834.................. 75.37.................. I835............ 754"...... 7...:........ I836........................... I837.................. 75.64............ x 838.................. 75.69................ I 840. 71.47...................... 7.i........ /7... Ix841 70.58 7o.54`-: 67.95 69.40................... 71.43*. 6-5 1842t... 69'15... 68'~'".................'". 1843.................760...... 1844 7.(4...............70...... 1845........................... I849..................,...... 85 o............................. 1851............... 69.33 78.22.......... 185 7 4...,....,..,......~~~ I ~~ i ~~ ~ ~ ~~ I ~~ I ~~ I ~ 1853.................. 76.32.......... 7I 1 Io*....... I854............... 69.2, 76.69 67. I3'............... [ 855 ]... [... [......" — 68'83176'12166'23'*.....].. 18561..-.... [.-..... /66-6i'*68'~8 76'23..........}.. [li857.......... / "/'66'87[67'48<'/ 75'981... 66'83'x'[......... II858............ "' 829 69'36 77'71.'" 68'83... 1859....... ['-' /'68. 2i"169.85/770.~... 6877 69.I 5...... 6697 [ xo6o......[...... 68. I 9 ~' 6.8 7767....... / "' [ "' I'" /'" 1862............. 78-55............... i863...... 78.29.................. 7......... I 863............. 77.69...... x 864.................. 7.o..... i 8656.................. 7 1........................... x866..................... 6.-......... i 8 8............... 6.44...36.. i867 973............ ][72.8< i869........ 68.:29... 7-9... 7. *6-I2.................. 6.6 8........39... x8706ss6 76- 8............ 170311701 i68.03 6866 680316 68 98 77.05166 68 68 44173'17 69'6317I'29 69'73 69847023 66.97I86o..~~~~.... G.g; 6.''~'~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ IN THIE UNITED STATES AND BR T)ITISH-I NOR-,,THl AMERICA. 243 FLA inueii. GEORGIA. IDAHO. Contin ued. C m c3, O Ea o~~0 UP, i i c3~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; c3 k Isio.......:... ". o o o o o o o o o;o o o o (3 o 8S26......... 6.IO............ 6.o'.................... 182..... 6641...,...,...,...,......,......~o:1828 I............ IS 12............ 67. i0..................... I 830............ 65.64............ 6................. 1828............ 67.40... i............................ I$29 i......... 6.266.3.. I833............ 65.22......... 6.64......... 1834........... 64599 69.64... I......................... 1835............ 61.6571............. I836............ 64.23 0"....35............... 1833............... 65.7...... 67.64.............. 1834 ~...... 6..... 64 2. 2 I ~........ 6i.96.................. 1835.......... 64.- o. 61.93... 657I....... 6............... 180.............. 62.o9.. 184I 6 I o~ 6i~5~ 6S ~32 6i. I r ~~............ ~~ I3 ~ I S42...... 62.6i 62.5 S 66-45 62I~~ -35"~I ~~I r ~~I ~~ ~~I ~ 18344........... 6. I4.... 4... 656...................:1837 ~~~ II~~~ I ~ 63;o.........5... 6062........:. 6. 2 1845 ~~~ II ~~~ I... 61. 42 61.24.... 6!94............... 184S......... 6:'. 1.... 9 6......:I849..............662' 2 1 6... 6.6............ 50......... 64 0 6...64..... 67 41............... ISP..................~~ 65.80.................... 1845........ 6............... 67.o6... 6................ I84I............ 6. 96.... 65~45..... I S54 69-42... 6.......... 66.7 3.. 4.....4-71......... IS54..........6.1 62...... 66.5 83.......~ 59.37.I 3......... I85643 9 07........6~26I... 63.9 7 6 4...6... 6... I.S57 68669.................. 63,S7 6 I...... I85859..........'... 66.27 62.74... 65"8.......... 185 69.09.........654.o 7. 6i... i............. i86o 6S. 82............ 6i2.4... 6... 63.941...'"..... 1o466...... 57 6',..............6.9....... 2 7... i867 68. 6[......... 65(.......... 186...... 56.85... 65274........................................ I848...... S.M....6D6I 6i2....... 6 6.63.... I... 1849...,... 67[6*" 56.9 7 IS7060... o... 66.63o49 65-64* 6i.36... j......I8 51 2 185o.............. 5S.3 6I 7 6~ 0 66-74...3.........3-. 6. 9263 9 5.05 52... I852........................3 66.o9!...................... 1870.~.... G............. 636'37 6352496 ~4'".3 64:7... I...!...... 17 2I 25 86i69.o7 6.935..............0 437 6.42 60.7 6~ 54 I98....3 634~9 63~o:1! 5.......... 244 TABLES OF THE MEAN ANNUAL TEMP ERATURE ed d =: v, r3 cJ' ed O ~~~~~~A -r d 4 C; -d d - i - 4-1 d zu Q ~1~) 9.;j d () ) - d Aq PA C pq 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1833......~..................~ ~~ ~~~ ~~~ 49.25... ~~ I ~... 34...... _55 31...... 47.62 S835...... I~~ 53- 12......~............ 4400 ~ ~ ~ ~ IS36........, 52. 1 1.................... 42.93...... ~~. 1837... ~~ I ~ 49-47......,................. I S38 49 I~~. 9I2......... ~~,,......I......... 1839.........~~ 54-43......... ~. ~,.................... i 850..... 50-53......~~ ~~.....,.. ~.......~~ i851 e~ r a 53-17 50-80.....................~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ISS2,,. I4...... 49.66.............. 1853......; /.. 50-82................... 1854......~ 54-89 52-79 ~..................... I855......~ 52.21 50. 4................... I836.2.. 50-5 47'"1 t....................... 1857 4 5 5 56-;) 489'00 —447.66... 45[ 90* 5I.44'" 44 1... IS58. 49-13 5I-55 50-30 4S. 33 46.9I...... 54.2zI...,...,......,.. 46. 61l. I 838 46'2'."07' 1859 48.67... 49-52 46.92 46-77....., 49,97*... i 86o. 50-14*......~~ 46. SS*.............. 44-S6..., 46. 13... 04'47...........1-4 i86i...,.,,. 509 ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ O ~ 45~4 ~ ~ 46~ 4 ~ 1852 49.63,... 571......|... 45-14 863.S...... 49.6o-............... 44. 2 i 864......... 4/9~34...... 42 48 1865....2 50.83... 1... 9... 433' "4993 i4866... 49~87 51'39 46.07....45.::2 2::...... 46.18 48. 47596 x867 46248 149.6877... 52.25 45.89.97 I......... 49 ]45 51~38 2 I... 4870 i 868 44-75 49- i6... 51.66 144-80*......~ 44. i 6* 47-90 48-95,, 48. 13 I869 45.47 48.68... 49-91........... 44-19......... 47.21 5 - 83... 46. i 8 1870 4 7 - 5 1.2 52-36 48:22 47-75 5i.65* 50-73 54I75/ 51.92 46.15 49}07 51.92 50"87 47[ I 5 46[90 57-13 45-36 52"43 50}37,51.65 45'85 5 I-53 5 t-19 46'15 48' 41 i~~~~96,. 53}. 2 [ r~~~~~~~~~~~~5x 222~ I i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~''863 IN THE UNITED STATES AND BRITISH NORTH AMERLICA. 245 ILLINOIS.-Coontinued. b, I U 9 0 cd > 0 Ecd 0 0 0edv, 3 o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o a o o o 0J o 0 o o o 0 o o o o I 824.. 49.33......................... I1825... 52.1I8 /......... I826...... 50. I9 9..... I827..J. 5 I'42............... I828..J. 51.25.................. 18294....... I830...j... 52.89............................ I831..... 45.46................ 18-2......... I............... ~ I~~ ~~ I~~........ I...... I833..... 5 - 1 /.....2.[.[............. 1834.. 49.71.......................... IS35 ~46.22.................... I84I...J............... 53.69.................. I1842..J... 54.45............ 1843... J............... 50-44............ I844 J 5............... 54.43.................. I845............... 54.37............ 1846...... 82................... I847...... 555.08............ 1848 J............... 5 5. 85......... 1349.............. 55'88.................. 185o..J..... 56.68............ 185I................ 5 6.97..................... 1852...]...... 56' io...I0... 1853.. /.............. 1854............. 1855.....................8... i............. 51.26 ~ I ~~ I856.................................... 48'82 45.69':~... -~857.../......4 I.............. 4 59 45.23....85.........3...22.. 51.88...48. 5. 2 2..... 5 ~~ 48~47... I859.../.................. " 4......3.. 51. 24 45.97... t86D... 46~8 k............ 8. 53.69 44 96... 606i... I... I... 5 4..'; 55'65': 53. 21..3 5 2' 95 t$52...... 47J4.. 54....., 4...3.43.. 51'59 45'02.. I863j............ 5 4o62..5... 584..... 50. ST..............................J.46*....... 52.8...2.6,,_< I864...J...... 4753....52' 51'38... I865 485 94........ 49....o.. 866.........,... 47.20:59; 038......... 490 97... 52931..o3... iS67.......... 48-38 57-04............. 51.o5*... 52.1i6...... 868 ~........ 48.:24 58.65............ 52.05..4 89 i 869 4 67I......... 47-52 57-S2............... 50.o8* 52-74 y- 51-33... I679 49562........ rS66~......., 4.05.3 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 99 ~ C23 ~ ~ r86'"i........... -83 70 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~'0 ~ 5'.,. 445.58 49.82 4 6' I9 ~~~ I ~~~ 5'~62"/ 5' l 48 7.[85 55.13 53.63 53-09 47.6;7 46-58 49-82 46.I9 48-48 58-o8 52-48 54-73 ~~~ 52'82 55 79 50.34 53.93 51.60 46.04 52.62 246 TABLES OF THE MEAN ANNUAL TEMTNPEBIATUrPE ILLIN O01S. — Go ntdnued. o o ~f: o c oo C~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4.7 1853 r... 0 ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.. 1354 t 4. o7 I d C: HC I 1856...'" 47........ 49.27 1857............. ~~~~~~~~~~~~.............. 7... 45.47... 46'82 46'3 I... 42"73... i85.'" / 4S.'"...|4968 49'8/52'~45" 86.. 1859 ~ ~.......... 479... 499 i8... 45.6o....... 52.28" 1859... 49"'4 186o..... 504201289''5 532!... i86i ~ ~......,...5004 4... 529 4 7'9 49.9 I4... i862... 48.68.~.... 482832... 17 40.:::~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~: 1863...... 50.... /48'974'... [52'0... 4432':... 4 9. 2 1 7.049........ i864......... ~~~5 o ~o 47:-17... 548.6[5 2.96 4... 44.'4 2... I866... 51-89...... 4830*...... 50-40 4817 43.67... 4542 495...... 48'8' I 867 52.85... I48' 2 /.... 5:.78[ 4-00.. 4-97 44.042... 4981..... 1 868... 5248... / 48.88 1.97..... 50-44 47-84... 49-034540... 4883 2.. 1857~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~14.:~5.4: 2: 1 8069.. 499.... 49~15...... 50 4 374 7'47 I:::. 3 2 ~ ~~~ ~~ 48, 60... [4K68158. 7 4 ~:']... I859 ~-~ i..... 47~9 ~ 516 3 ~ 52'359 [ 5~-1 54.... 450 48.22..... /5 4.28W:: 1870... |4... I1485.39o 52 84 534 5 ~8'... 47"45'426 " ~ 8~52. 6 ~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~[95 186 4 5 ~' 8 1148'~ ~ 4S.89.22 5... 40 516 483 44-76 49 49.94.62 4974 I 10 50-49 I I2OI.8 n... tinue... [4I..8 1869 /4.83,, 5.2~,,14 >' i8.5... 52... 6... 1856...... 2. 1 5...............5. 85~ 42-40........... 1858... 50.25 55 476 51 -70 47 ~19 4 7 3 5...... 477-44* 54~4 04-""' 5 7 42~.W i86o......~~...... 45-86...8 I 8.0......9 48-43........... i86 i. 524 ~.. 4...... 44 50470... 509~3 36 55 ~~58... ~~ I 862 4592 1... 44-49' 4 5 7: 7I.....50J.3 I 864 50-8 ~ ~~~5~3~j5~4......... 45707 50-47... 50,04...i~~ ~~ 26 i865... 2.o. 49..o..... 46 99 5 1.936 48.3749. 4 46.9456.62. 49. 7451..o.5o.49: 866............ 4 -7 4.1.. 52 04.7... 867 56.12............ ~''.... 45. 4816P1... 4.1.. PkLH~~~~~~~~~~gOH$~~~~~~~. —~. — ~.. )( 68565 3"....... 44o............ /6 "'......5.884. 8'... ~... 43.96477... 15........48. 06'... 5.I I97............. 4. 54............ 1861 ~ ~ ~.......:2:' " 14'7 |.. 186.. 285..... ed u o,4s81. cn rn c3 T144.84~-.. 1856 ~~~~~~~.. 15o /~'" |- j.47~..,,.... 5. o......2.4..... ~~1 ~ x865! ~... /51.69 |4~2- ~~ ~... [.... / [... ~ 8 6 6 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~3~ 5.o........' 1858~~~~~~~~... | 45.o ]48.655~6 ] 52.147~......,~ ~... 4 8.14.... 1868 [5653~.../'"]"I [... /47 5~4.2 [48. 1"4[2. o z.o2~...... 55 ~ ~9 18~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.64:... j4.,..,, I~ ~ ~~I~~ 58 ~ ~ 1I'I''"~ [... t84..-I~~ ~~ 1859 148.o8"-... ]5o I41/ 1864 ~~~~~... ]0 4 7.591 ~ ~...... ].... 45.07,. 50~4" 50~04~,'...... ~~I~ 44~37,4 2,0 4_, 3 212,90 il ~~ 469_7 9ii 1869..., ~~~~~~~43'96 447'78 J ~ 5.1 ~ ~ ~~4.8. 5.1 56~'3 51.37 50.58 54.46 5o. 18 47.07.553 48.61 5'.2o ~ 51.9'38 4~ 54.86 48.79 55.74 9I H-ours of observation unknuown. IN THEI~ UNITED STATES ANDBRITISH NORTH A MERICA. 2477 INDIANACI.~ — Continued. F1 Q~~~c tc 3 F: F: c~~~~f Q, P m d 0 4~~~~~~4: ~o a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i s i 6 o 1 7.......................... i8 1..4 3 4 1........... 185.......................... I83................. 13....... I 85............. 2.95........ 7-7 1855.... 50-8........... 55.2 i86............ 78.............. 28 I85...... 4.64.... 4573.......... 1.8 188.......... 5-8 28. 4.0. 1859................. 5. i i 6........ 523.............. 53 i8i............... 63 i 865 5 1,I,,i,,I, 4...... 54I,,,, 5~5 ~~I ~~I I 9*~597... ~~ I..............,, I.,...........................,,, 56-31 IS56,,,,,,,,.,,..,,,,,,.. 47.52 ~~~. 51I 3......... 49,79... 55- 05 i 867 50-42*.................. 55 ~~-49~3 ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ I ~~ 8659 50 04... 48.27*............ 5 I~3 ~ 77.........~~ I~~ I~~ I~~ 55-04 IS63,..,.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 52.63 52.98...,... 56.033 1870 52.07.....,. 54-87... 5103.....,.. 5539... 50, 1 9, 57.. 54.6o IS63 ~~~ I r~~ 54.20 43-411 49-39 5o.66 54-61) 52.81 47.66 P.62 52.05 51-32 49-90 53-41 55.22 o. 6 6 6o. 17 48.22~~~~~5o0I4~~5 ~~ 4~6 H ours of observation unknown. 248 TABLES OF THE MEAN ANNUAL TEMPERATU RE INDIANA. —C ontinued. INDIAN TERRITORY.IOWA. Jc 0 ~ a 0 Inl/ I l lV. 1828 o, o, o o o o o o o 182F9.... 60.8........... 183.... 6 ~665....... 0 p q la 0 t a I ) 84.... 276o....... f: 183.... 557" 585......oa a, ~ ~ O O o cP 9:Od 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I 82S...... 4 9 9............ 63-00............... 1829......6.6............. 6o.85............ I830............ 8...... 64.65 9 3.............. 1839...... 62. 62...83........... 57-71.................. 1832................6.......... 32...................................~~ ~. 69.67 59.59............ 842......... 62-75 60. 69............... 1835................. 55-78 5.459...... 8 2..... 18 36.............6 o....... 59o49 59 69......... 1837... 4 5................... 6 1.8 62.172..... /..... i 8388 4.................. 58-03 593....... I847..839............... 89... 62. 2 3............ 18s40........................~ ~~~ I ~~ 59.66 62-49...,......... 1841...8... 5979 59-59............... 1842........................ 6o.69 63.67............ 1843 ~~~ I.~~ I......,...,......;.,. 5... 58946 1. 0........... 1844. i8.................. 6o.2 4 63.95 623-94............ I845...I...... II "... 6... 61.58 62. 92 63.08...l...]...... I 846...... ~~ ~~ ~~................... 6i.03... 64-02.. I........~~ 1847........................ I ~.~ I ~~ 58-91... 6 j. 23...~~ ~~ 1848.................. ~~ I ~~ I ~~ 59-37... 6i.66...... I~~ ~ 1849.................I ~~ I r~ I ~~ 59.20... 6I.70............ ~~ 1850 ~........................ 6o. 24 6i.95 62. 1-..... I85I........... ~....... 6z. 14 6i.22 62.92 63. O8 ~~......... 1852..'... 59.58 59'54|... 6o-.42... |... /... |... 1853 I[ "' 61.I816o.53 6i.69161.24... [...!... [... 184.. 52 3............... 62.55 62.22 6328...... i855 ~~~ I ~~~ I... 61............ 6i.gi 59.98... 62.73....... 1856..................... 58.70 58.34... 60.45]...... 43-761... 1857... 481Il...'...... 1...... 58.46... [... 6o. 6o... 44.i6... 1858... 51.75... |....................... 47.39... 1859 [ 52'40............... 62-31............... 47. 3 -.. 186o. 53.02*.........~~ ~~ 59.0oi* 64.o01.................. ~~ i86i... 1... I ~~~ r ~~~ ~5.. 6.0......................... i862.... 50-40............I ~~ I ~~ I ~~ I ~~ 1 ~ 41-94...... I~~ i 863 ~... I863 ~~~ I ~~~ 502401'4.......... I50 I3* 47 43 08*... 1864....... 50.020... 47i99 49-77...... 43-55......... I865 49-02* 50 -13* 51[30... 51-34 55640 5866.2i 48117 50.00....... 49.54 55-55..................... i867 [ 4858...... 3... 50.22 55370...... 43.* 4I-10 i868 48-37*.......... 49-74 54 99............~~~... 42-71 42.26*...~~ 44.65*t 18679......... 49.69...5... 59!64......... 42!63 41 89...... 1870 5o.8i*... I......,... 52. 6 5496... /......... 4549 2.. 46. 69 48-70 50-78 50-111 49.7I 48-78 50.27 54.68 59-oi 6i.o5 6o.48 6i.5o 62A8S 43.29 4".86 46.oo 4~7 Hoursas of oabse~rvation uanknown. IN THE -UNITED STATESCE AND BRITISH NORTIT AMERICAICA 249 IOWA.-Contintionin ed. 4-, d, 0 Cd Cd0 ll~ Q Cd 34 M 3k k+c 1820...,............ ~~ 48. ig............~ ~~ ~e ~~ ~~ I821...,........... 47. I2............... ~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~ I 822............I ~~ 50. 25........................... I823...,...,...,...,...,... 5I.285...,....,...... 1824..................I ~~ 48.25........................~ ~~ ~~ IS25...,.......,... 52.2 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i................... I 842...,...,......,.......................... 46. S7 1844...,...,...,...,...,... 4954...,......... ~~ I ~~ ~~ I ~ 45-36 1845...........................~ ~~ 50. 20*............~~ ~~ 46.21 1854 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~.................. 50-18............ IS55...............~~~ ~~............ 47-80 50-08........... IS56.. ~ ~ I ~~ I ~~ I..............,...,...,...,....... IS57 44.3 I.. ~....................,.... 47.20. ~ ~ i8S8 47-48............ ~~ ~~~ ~~ I ~~ 47-98?.. 499~49.........~~ 1859 47-7*.. 1-3*...............47.62.. 48.9 I...... I ~~ i SO ~o............... I ~~............ 49-72......~ 45.23*fl 45.64e... i86i............ 47~ 14...... 47-59*. 47.65.........~~ 44-86... i 862...,...,... 45-.855... 46.2S..... 46.24 ~ 46. 65............... ~~ i 863......... 46,74* 47~~ 02* 47096...,...,...,...... ~ I ~~ I ~~ ~ ~ 1864 ~ ~ ~ 45-32 ~ 47.4I" ~~ ~ 46.0 46. 92... ~ 1 ~~ I ~~ ~ i 865.,.... 45. i8... 49-08...... 48-45 ~ 48-31...............I ~~ i 866..... 3-19 4.62 4724... 46.91 46.82 45-76............... i 867......~ 43-47* 46-33 148-76*... 41-33* 47-32... 47~ 10............ ~~ iS68...,...,... 43-57... 4S.37...... 46. 86... 46.og............... ~~ i 869... 44-45... 43-55*...~ 46.oi.... 46-51.. 46.15......... I ~~ i ~~ I 870... 48. I 7... 47-37*...~ 48-75............ 49-54............~ I ~~ 46-45 46.28 PI~36 44-94 45.0-5 47.65 49-55 42.63 47-33 48.94 47.69 50-o8' 49-00... 44-8.3 45.29 L Hour-rs of observationa unknrown.. 250 TABLES OFo TH11E MEA~ E~aN ANNUALs TEMPERATU AT RE IOWA.-Contintied.inued 0 F F~~~ o d c o~~~~~ ~~~~n k~~~~~~~L a~U ~ ~ o o (n u 4 om.0 C cl a, u r ~I U P ~~C C CI 0 0 0.0 0~~~~~~~~~: n Q)U a;z q 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I 3................ 1 3 1 8 4 0........................ 4 9 9..... i8 i.................... 4649... 1847........................ 43.~ I ~~ I ~~~ ~~ I ~~ 7 9... I ~ I 848 5 0"~~.~I ~5 7* I~~.........,...,... 4391...,... 37 ~ ~ i 849... 49-09.. ~ I~~ I~~ I~~ I~~ I~.............. 45-32......~~ I 850 50I -34...............~~ ~~ I~~ I ~~ ~~... 47-00......~ I853.................................. 47. 79...... 1854...... 54-82...... ~.~ I ~~..................... 49-53...... 1855... 5 ~. 5o. 64............~~ ~~I ~~I ~~I ~~1 ~ 47. I...... i856...... 485-08............... ~~ ~~ I ~~I..... 43.84.... 1858... 50. i6 47-38*...,...... 48. I 7.........,,, 47-40...,... i 859...,... 49-5.......,...,...,...,............ 46.63.... i86 o 5.8... 511... 1...............,...,...,... 48~ o6...... I86i ~~ ~ 50-95 47-38............ 45 -77......... 46.24 I ~~ 47~ 96..... i86 2.... 49-32...,...,...,...,... 44.6o...,...,... 45.24 47-35...... i 863 r~~ 7~8 430... 5031..........,....... 6.7 4.6*... 44~..~~ I... i854.. 4956........... 45.69 4-44 44.8... 45634. 8~~ 4. i866...,... 49.27... ~ ~ I~~I~~I~~ ~ ~... 4248... 44.8.473 5.1400*4.6 56...,... i867...,. 09 43-78 8 49~~55...... 42.17.79... 46.26 4 8 485 4. 6... 4-34-2... i868... 44-45 49r.42..... 4,4 4.7* 3. 4-.. 47.5 2* 46.37* 45-8 45-70~3........ i 869...,... 48.92... 44 ~73 42.86 45.72 43~553 46.98 46.8o 44.69~14 ~ 45. I...... 454 i870.. 52.12 ~ 47-94* 45-96 48-78 47- 72 49.8o... ~~ 48-55 48-30 ~... 48, 74 45.65 45-94 50-I3 45-33 46-34 43-75 46.87 145-29 47~45 45-93 43-55 45-54 46.03 46.98 48-52 47-II IOWA.'48 —Continued. I KANSAS. S d~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C l Cd.0 (3 41'd P-4 40 4 ~u ) 1 854.... 4.6 4.23................. I85 5.3. 4.0 4-5"................... j856 45-72........................~~~~~~~~c 1 8 7 6. i i...................... I859... 48.28......... 44I ~~ 09...................~ I...... 52.49 i86o.... 4. qO.......................,............... I...... q 6. q 6 IN THE UNITED STATES AND BRITISH NORTH AMERICA. 251 KANSAS. —Continued. ~~~~~~~~n..'d c, Qcd0 c ed a, u c F: c o~~~~~~~~cl 1 c 4- 0 cr 0, c, cd 0 ~~~~~o o ov 0d Z a 31 o F4 C4 ~~~4 Fr( Fr( 4F1 4q t4 o o o 0 0 o o 0 o o 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 183o.................. 56.56.............. I831.................. 49.78............................ I832.................. 53.39........................... I833.................. 55.54........................... 1834.................. 52.40......................... 1835..........1.65............................... 1836................... 48.73............................ IS37.................. 52.89................... 1838 O......... 5II4............... IS39.................. 53.64............................ I840............... 51 36..................... IS4...... 5.620........................ I S42..........i...... 52.85....................... 1843...............I 49~0~1. 52-58............ 1844................ 52.67... 55.00..................... 1845!.................. 54979... 52.85...8.......... 1846.......5. 3......... i [55:95 I847............ 49.79... 52.65.............. 1848...!............ 54. 00...5..9........ I 849...............~~~ ~~ 52.22 --- 53.67............ ~~ I.~ I ~~ I850.................. 52-04... 55....2............ I848.. 55-4 4... 53.I9... 56.05........... I85 2... 5.04.......... 51-54.. 54.85..................... 1853... 5 534*......... 5.I2........................ 1854............... 55194.54...... 1855..................~ ~~ 54-30 54~590.......I ~~ I~~ I ~~......... 1856............ 49-98 52. 8..................... 1857............ ~ 52319 51.14...0...5......... 53 7 I858... 5............ 55-35 53493...... 54.10 53.28................ 1859...... 52.86 54.20........ 53.12 54. iq*... 86o............ 56.04 58s46.................. 5835.. 1855.',...........'., - 54.3 ~ 52.6i........ 55-05* 54-72..... 53.98 5546... 1862...'............ 54I4I 5 2............ 1863............... 54.20 52'95 55'14... 54,01...... 53-87*... I864... 52.66 55.99 55-91............... 53.053... 51.25.. I865 5,3 ~_............ j53'" 53853 54'57...i................ 2 I.-3& I866 5 0............ 1... 6..o......4... 504..... 50.97 1867 52.96...... 5i.06*... 54.72 52.00 52.89....... 50.21 51x 4, 39... 50'42 1 68 54-15 54-62... 53.89 574.62 52.87 52832... 52.05 52.8I 50-1 50 96. 51.59 1869 53.67... 54.63... 52.92... 50.22 51I.09 5oI30 49!59 49.71 53.66 49oi. 50714* 50.27, 1867 55-54... 56-38 5324.96 54o42 53.7I 53-72 53~73 53.62 53.00 52825... 530'76.... 53. 01 53.87 54-77 55'32 56.83 54,44 53-91 53.75 54'73 54.58 52-51 53.49 51-45 53.26 52.89 54.27 51.27 252 TABLES OF THE MEAN ANNUAL TEMPERATURE Continued. KNUK.LUSAA o L —W t-7-1 - = o.. cn~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~c xS ~~~o " ~~'Z b " [ 8.7 03 0 dY~ i/ c F;C I1 Id II'~,~~~~~~~~~~~~ I4,,,1 6 4 56 ]] 7}q' 0 00 0 0 00 0 c,~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~,~2 jk O 1822~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~[ 678.74 I8 4 I.............. / 68. 0 17.o.'. 3.77... 1832............~ ~~~ ~ ~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~... l 68.2253'5 1838...... i839.......I....... 68.02..{.. Ix842.........'. 155 /..... 1843.............................. 50.065 /68.43[ 1844..[.... 54.39l/69'26/... 1045..]....... 52'76 1167'18[, 1846............... 55'32//68,55.. I S47..1........ 52-78/.. I1 8-....'.t.... 5-88..... 53'46 1.....I. 1849.........!,.. 53.oo 69 7~85o',~-e 18:;,......... 6.o8/..!. 53'68 II66'861..... 18~52..!.!...... 5'55 /.. 53.55 1[66.85/.. 1853... 59.23-"~'.. 4.64........ 66'~o'+ 1854... ~57:2I,.... 59.73,...,56. 3~':7 56.47'5.i 8o.. 51.36 f55'02x'1 [ 67.71[~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~5 -2~6. I856...... 52-36.........54j.156-: 412619 50'49/ 52'51 i 606'05 1857....;.. 54.64~....'144/.. 5o. o8/ 51.8o 66.29/.. 65J;I3!... I858...... 55k X PS i 59}i!9:-:. 5383.oS I859......... 55' 66 57.55"'... 54'571.. 53.68 54.23 68.46...... Ii9 53o.....3.1 5-3-~ 5452..i 1 6..58..-.. i86i...... X ~~~~57.233"60*55'-80 47 4.4+2 55/3 5 7 j23' 1547 871 [][ / ~ 99 18632............... 55 9/.. 5~39 5635.. S...... 18i63...'...1......... 54-51... 53.29*... 1864.................. 557.......7 i S65......... 54 ~~~ 9 9 56 ~~32...... 546i... 5S0..... 6~It i866.......... 53.8.. 33......... 3 65~~~~~5.99 6]!I~~ _6.........5400 -......... 5......... i'68..... 5 -4....... -. 6 -4... 66 6.9..... 5.935682..- /.538353". 3Y~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~... ~~ ~ ~ 187054-8 5-79... 537 70i...... 55~ ~~I ~~I ~~r ~ I 9 ~... 55-9 6-74%, I34 40 51 58768.5 52'42 55"7 54' 543'7[ 553 20 53'87t 68"0 652 64.435 09 ~~ I ~~~ I ~~~ I ~~~ jI~~~~~~~~~~55 ~... ~ ~.!J 2:.. I86... t~I ~~ I ~ 52'93 6"~2q..... 5~56.4 ~ ~ ~ rSL5... 5~6hS.,...... ~~~~~~~~~~~5I90... ~~ ~~(~~f~~ ~~I~~I~~j~~.... 5~ 6 5 ~ ~ ~ 5 4 ~ ~ ~.. oo[5.515.8 153.655. o 55.7~2; 5 4.3 6 8., 30 3 69. 5 ~.25 66.35 IN THE UNITED STATES AND BRITISH NORITH AMERICA. 253 L O UISPIANA. — Continued. MAINE. En 0 lf L r cn ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ O k~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~c i~~~t o o iI-i ~o IS23 67033........................... 1824 69 i 6............................. I1825 67.74 70'.:6-V' 69.17......... l{~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I826 16.9 I~ ~ ~ ~ 1826 68.9'..... 72.i 6.................. I827 69.10 7o 6.7.. 7.1....I'.... I1828 68.1313 72.59..~.................... I1829 [ 5.oS 69.O8............................ 183o 65-.41 72.26....,....... I183 f 62.57 67.80........................... t832 66.04 7o)63......... 42.97...............33.. 1833 67.151 70 37 68-9I 42.87............... 1834 67.54 7010............ 43.57............ 1835 63.95/ 68,-71* 68. O 4..37..... 42 7................ 1836 63.69..... 66.17 4I.27...... 8'7 43i66"...... i837 65.12/...,.41 4.337...I8 o84343.... 3 64.. 674..... 42.97... 1809 42.14 I.. / 839 67-30...... 69.2S...,... 44.97.. 18.10 43 57 I835 44'42 lI4 7839..'955 4 i7 1840 67.8o...... 7 I ~95...... 46. I 7...... i8.1I 44.7I I836 43.00... 1841 78. ~ I 6...... 70.33... 45-47........ i2 4094 I837 49.6o... I842 66.41. 68. 12........... 183 43. I8 I838 [ 5o.69... I/843 64.29t67 84 68I9 58.98~ II6 S.1814 43.29 1839t 51-45............ ISI5 42.87 1 I8391t t51.45.. 1844 66.26[69.64 70.05 1o.32-:.... 1845 65 71*... 9 45,'................. 1815 42.09 i 841 46158... J/ 845 557 ~ ~ 9. 45-"t...~~ I817 41.64 I1842 45.84... 847.... 69-39............... 1818 44.78 1843 43.87... I848...... 70'45......... 44.00 1819 45.46 1844 42.32... 1849....... 68.96 f... 44.28] 1820 44.03 1845 43.27... 1850 68.6o*.,.,,.,.,. 46; 57'8I 43.9 I I 846...I ~ I~jI,...,.......... 45-76- 1822 43. o6 1847 43.08 1823 41-03 I848 43. o70. IS54,...I...... 67-74...I.......... I 8~24 43.86-N' I849 43 —300... 1855...1... 68-35........ 182' 1850 43-37... i856....~~~ I 4.. 6S.976-',.:- 1826 45.06 I851 42.6o... I857...... 69.24........i....... 1827 43.87 i852 43-91... IS58.........~~ 711~40...6... I828 46.94 1853 44.53... I859..... 70........... o 7 I829 46.19 1854 42.73 45.o6 1859 1 ~~~ 1 ~~~ 2.23~ 4 3121 [ ii i 86o......... 72.23`4... 43.2I...1... I830 47.50 I855 [42.95- 4I.44* i86..................... ~ 4175 41-91... 1831 47.66 1856 41.78 40.54 i 862......... 75"-... 1832 45.17 I857 43.62... 1833 45.6i i858 43-75... 65.70 I834 45.36 I859 4.3I1 66-32 69'88 69'32 69'06 66'171 68'961 43'58 41'72414!68 45'57 44.40 41.46 A Hours of observation unknown. t Values for I837-8-9-4o doubtful, about 6.40 too high. 254 TABLES OF THE MEAN ANNUAL TEMPER~ATUi{E MAINE.-Continued.ued 73 ch ~~~~~~ 4 d r~~~~~~~. PE F:~~~~~~~~~~ ~ Cd 0 Q 1) d 0 0 ~~.................. 18 3............ 40 9............. I8 4............ 454 415......... ~~~1825...... o. 6 8 3 9.. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~... 2............. I 2. 66 45...... f vc1823... 9~...... 455........ 1 82S4... 8.I 33.......~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~454 I 82'9'............. 403 222'7406........... I 30......825 46.344-0 I3 27/4.............. SP.........1..2 6.6 44.219 I S39 44I0......... IS- 128.......O98 / 4 ~~~~~~~~~~~~44132 4'03 /4' 2 X840 45046 ~~~~~~~~~..... 1833... 3..4. 41o4.. 4510 [42.72 I 41/4 5 1 4 1 4......... 42 64...... 45.60 4274 I 842 43 ~8 i~i~ 44.88 i 839 46.636..2...... 4.....l/3 I 843 42 57 0~ ~ ~ ~~~~13 14.I37 40.63 IS3 I440 45'~ / 1812 ~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~e I r,, I ~~~ I833 41-48 I 840 42'65 i 8 4I 415'2 I 420 1813 43.07 I8'I6 4301... I8943.23 8341..42...643 43'6~42. 1845 41-784t x 814 44.36 1874~'32 1835 44'~ IO 41'3 I842...5..... 42....6...8......43'..2 3 I S44 44.26 4/ I8.44. 2. 1843 43:68 I821 41-036I]84263 37 503626 43.87 42'~86 I84 6 44.47 ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ I ~~~ I ~~~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 3.34~ 4286 f847 I 4.6/ S8,'6 418 84 42.94.. [822 41.73 IS~44. 42103......43.~5/ 43t.49 I ~848 I43.82/ 1817 4-5I8 5 4-9.. 19 823 40.73 1 845 42.5 45. 89133/ ~8x8 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~, ~,,..o I, 8~5 ~ 144.~9/ 428. 18464840... I 824 42.23 1846 42.537.........445I849433 18i9...!,,, ~,,, I,,, I.~. I,,, I ~~~ E 1829 ~~~ I ~~~ I,,,3............ I85i 4/4-9 I 81 4473 I84745.02.. xI825 43.43 I x847 43.33 ~~~ I ~~ I ~~~ ~~~ I ~~ I ~~~120 4. 1 I8\30I 1 826I,44337 43 1848 0IS8 44.03 I~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~' 8I821 44.7x 421832849 44.02... 1827 41.53 I 849 42.33 I822 4451.33 4...7........ 45...... 42.97j~o 1856...... 829 41-73 i851 41-93...... ~~~ ~~ 44-31 42-79 1856 43. 53 1828 44.I3 1850 43.83............ 443'8 43 1J82.23 3 855 4.|51 1824 44-97 i85 42'12 1830 42'731 x852 43-33............ 4 433 43 456 857 44-36 i 825 46-34 i... 42. o61 I,83 1 43.33 I853143. 93............... 1826 46.5 46~5.. 42.43 1 832 13 1854 143.13......8 9 4.43.. I827 43.984 I x858/ 41243 x82~1 47.44 184 4.968 4384 314o3 I855 4313 I 3............... I828 47-46 i86 42.641 834 408136x 1 43. Io I829 44.46.. 42' 39 i835 40.63 86.. 4..... 42.56 1830 44.65 I 863... 43. I71 I 836 40o13 i862.. 33 0.......... I 863 43.I4 1818 42,81 1846 48~~~~~~~~~~4307 x~ 863 142.3'xz~' ~/ 1831 4495.. 4329 1835 43'29 8340 [ -- 1832 42.08 i865... 44~99 83 4.993 I838... 864 44.96 I 8 42.02 i866... 44-04............ 48.377 I865 444.47 X8~~~~~~~~~~~~..I,,,, 433 42.02 [8643j i823 42.9c] E356,.4404 1839 42.33 i 866 43.6 X834 43.013) i7... 42.531 184042.333 i 867..33.......... 44-94... i867 / 42. 5 3825 42.6i i868... 42.00 1841 42~33 I853 4393 ~~ I ~~~ I ~~~ I ~~~ I ~~~ I S~~ I568 42.38 i837 4 1.20 i870... 44 I842 42.23 1869............ 4 3.87"...' 869 / 43.79 I 44~~~~~~, ~ ~.14/ 1842 /42.=:87 46-46 I 843 41-93 1870...... 45. 5,, I... 1870 46.o4" 43.791 43.30 42.13 42.65 [42.06 37.73 36-87 45.26 42'833 14 3'31 Hours of observation unknown. IN.THE UNITED STATES AND BRITISH NORTH AMERICA.- 255 M/IAINE. —Conti nued. 0~~ 14 ~ rlc d 2~ a ) rd rd o (n 0 cd~~~~~~~~~~~~~~E' " k'" i 1 82 e4.7 tr'": 3 ] y! Cj k T3 ~~~~I v) Q P....... I......... 820 42.98......' ".. ~~~ I.~ I ~.................. I~ 821 142-73...... ~~ I ~~...~ I ~~~ I ~~ ~~, I ~~ I ~~~ I...... 1822 43.64...... r..... I s~ ~,................. I 823 41.64......... ~~~ I ~.........' "..[......... 1824 143'23...' ".................... I ~~, I ~~~ I ~~~.... i825 45.23/........................~~ ~~~ I ~~~ I ~~~ 1 ~~~ I~.. 11826 44.981...... I ~~~ I ~,~ ~~~ I ~~I I,~1 ~~~ ~~~ I... 1 i827 43'23/.................................. 1828 45.391............... I S29.9~. -.... 1829 43.23.......... I830 41.87... 1830 44-48......... 1831 42.24 42.83............ 1831I 44.23.../... 1832 39.26 41.o3...'"..... I832 4I.98............... I833 39.54 41I.3 3'............... I833 42.23 1834 4O. Il 4i.I3........... I 834 42.73......... IS35 38.31 40.63...... 1835 4I.89/ I836 39.29 39.43........ i 836 40.23/ 1837 3968~ " [ II.3............ i837 40.23...... I838 40-82 39-33... [..... 1838 42.03...!... t839 41~58 41-93......... I... i839 /43. o6... 1840 41o36 42-33... [.. 18440 4.3.23 /...... I84I 41.I3 42.03 -............ I 84 43.~6...!...... 1842 40.12 42.13......... I 1842 43'~6 [.............. 1843 40.13 41.43......... I 1843 42.o5/....... I844 39.09 42.03......[...... 1844 42.73 42.24 1845.. 41.73 -...... I I845 43.3I 44.24...... 1846... 43.03............... 1846 44.39 46.14 1847... 4I 93.........[ I.847 43. o6 44.74...... I848... 42-73...... I 848 44.56l............... 1849... 4I[93...... I849 43.64......... I850o... 41.53......[...... 1850 44.39/............ i85I... 40843' S1 431II... 1852... 42.53......[............ IS52 43'65...]...... I853... 42.53............... i853.................. 1854... 40.53............ 42.35"l 1854......'".. 1855... 41.93............ 40.93 1855..... 42[o7 1856... 40.53............... 40.22 [ 1856 44.30/... 40'63......... I857... 41.33............ 41.38[ I857 44.35[... 41.86 1858... 40.i3............ 40. o61 I858 43.48...... 40.53 i859 40.93... 43'18*...... 40.79 I859 42.96..... 41.47 4 i86o... 42.23 45.35...... 42.97',... i 86o...... 42[47 44.221 6...... I86I... 40.83 44.69 43.03... 40.97 [86I...... 42.10 42.13* 1862... 41.73... 44.94....[.. 40.52 [862..... 4I'30 42'84'x'[ I863 42.1-... 45-38 X... 4... I863...... 42.08...... 1864... 42.33... 44'09"' 4177 i864...... 42-40... 44 82 I S65... 4.2.782....... 18641........ 42.483.. 441682 186,5 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~...... 4.2862.......... I866...... 42.65*. 42.22 44. I8.. i867...... 43.40* 40-83 42.88... i 868................... 40.84... i 868.. 42.25 39~56... 42.01.. i869 4 I 2:-...,...,...,... 42-55... i869...,...,... 42. 24... 44.35 38:72* I870 43-89*...... 45.67... 43-76 45.25 i870............... 46.58 41.I 40-48 4I.45 42.53 44 32 43.o3 40.57 42.8I 41.57 43.23 44.14 44.03 41.72 42.94 44.21 40.15 256 TABLES OF THE MEAN ANNUAL TEMPERATURE MARYLAND. Cd d d cl, d Irl 0 0 cn 3; i,~~~~~~~~~~~~~4~ U tR ~~~............ 845 74 -........ ~~~~~.................185...... 5-2........ --:o i~ ~~~~~~.......... 87.... 5850. k'" a o E k ~ ~ o o o;P' ~7 P7 U U U W W F~,8 2 o i o02 —..................... 0................... ~~........... I824...... 57.74 I.................................~ I915 I... 58.92... ~~~ I ~~~ I ~~~... I.., I..., I,,. I... I... I... 1i826 5 3 3 59.968I.......................I,, I ~~... 1832 5 5 5 -4 57.87*... I I ri......~~ I ~~~.................... 1829 3 5 2 5,9 56.724/..............................~~ I ~~~ I ~~~ I ~~~ I ~~ I835o52 59.25.49............ I...................~ ~~~ I ~~~ 1 83I6 5I 3.- 4I 56. 92/.... i8I7 5 -~ i 8...............i ~~~ 1832 55.45..55'49157' 87/. ~~~ I ~~ I ~~ ~~~ I ~,, I~~,,~ I ~, ~~~ I ~~~ 833 55.69 [55.93 [58.66/ ~~ ~~ ~ i~~ I i8 5~~ I. 89...............~~~ I ~~~ I ~~~ I83 55. 2 54297 57.34/...... ~~~ I ~~, ~~~ I,,~ I ~~, I ~, I ~,~,~, ~~ 835 52.59 1 ~ 54.9o':' ~ ~ ~ I ~~~ ~~~ i ~~~ i ~~~ ~~~ i ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ 836 5I.I 7 ~ I... ~~ ~~ ~ i8i9... [... 5404............ 1839 54'15I...... 1820 i! 52-308................ 1840 5 2.51 I...[........ I821...... 5.82.03 1822...... 56.oS......... 1842 53'46... 1......... 1822.~~ I ~~~ 56.08 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I8$ 53$ ~! 4 2 ~~ I ~~ ~ I 823... I... 53-76... I... I............ I 8~~ 1 1'43 53.04 53[ 27*.... 1824......~~ 54.64 ~~~........ I 844 53.45 55[57.. I845 54.30......I... 8-46 54.04... 5.482.846 5..82I.. I847... 52.89........... I 8 347 54.7I........ 1848 5 33. 4 7...............~ i ~~~ ~ 1,848 56.31.,..I......... 1849 52.27......... I 849 55.351.......... 1850......~ 53~o0.............. 1850 56. 56............. 1851...... 53-193............ I851 56'29/........... 1852.,.... 52-56...... xI852 53.97... 55.77...I...... 54.04........... 853 5545 57-3 5I 57 23*..45...... I855......... ~~~ 53.23'"... I............ ~~ 1855 55.69[... 52.89.. 1856... 50689/... 5 1476 IS57 53.o2... 51 i.8............... I857 53.56...... 50..82 8-58 55~1- 54 42 52.77 53[85... I858 55-37... 52.92... 5489...' 53-"6..4 1886 52.14..92. i859 ~~~ 54~ Sg 53'36 53'I6 ii'4 X859......... 52'83 5I'44 55'17' I860.,.,..,~~~~~~~..... q 2. I......525 ~~I ~ i86o.....,.. 52-79 50-92-"...:86: 56.97-: 55-0... 43o08*... 5.[i8S 53-I..18... I 861 5.25...'... 52'09 51'42... 1862 55 33......... 54.02 51-45 1...... I862..... 52-39 i863 5~~ 5587 - 5350... 5 44*.... i864... 55.6i... 54-92... 5i.63... I 8-4 55.86[........... I 865... 56. 68........... 52.25... 1865 56.75......... 1866 i... 55.62...:... 54-59... 5o. 65*... i866....... 52.20:... i867 55.80...... 5. 4.9.94* 50]41' " i867 54.251.............. 1868... 55.38 50.44: 49.27 1869... 56.95... 5.o6' 50.50.. I869 55-05... 8 695... 1870 58'12....... 52'43 52'34'" I870 57'12......... 56.60 55.38 53.46 53.02 50.93 54.04 51.59 50.67 5 I.41 54.50 55.27 57.17 53.o9 51.I~ 55-30 IN THE UNITED STATES AND BF.ITISII: NORTH AMERICA. 257; MD~~. —Con tinucd. 1VIASSACH~g3[U SETT~S.,.,~~~~~~~~~~a.. a ~r(~~~ V] rd a, r~ ~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~o o a...............................o 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~18 5 0.0 0.. 1.~ I~~I~~I~~I ~~I~~ I~~I~~........,.....73.o,.,...........................................~~ ~~~I ~~ i ~~ 179o... 48.72......................................~ ~~ 1 ~. 1 ~ 79I... 49.71......~~.................. 1 ~ ~ ~ I~~I~~ ~ 0 ~, ~ 792... 48.oT...... ~~~ I ~~~ ~~~ 1 ~~~ II ~~~ ~~~~~~I793...0.79...... ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ 7 4.....................,... 1794... 514.53... ~...............~~ I ~~ 79 L7~7... i795... ~49.79...,...............,... 1780 48.87,.. I.......... 1796... 47.Ol......~~... I... I... I.....I., 1799 4.9~7......... I... f797... 46.~2.......~...... I....II.....~ 18oo 48. 87 ~... I... I... I10..~. 179 ~~ I ~~~ I ~~~ I ~~~ It 1~~ 183 49~57 ~~ I,.. I... 478... o... 93 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ o 4~..... I... I... 10 g 3....1Ol4.7 -~~I ~~ ~~ ~~ I ~~ x~g 50~7 ~.... I........ 1799... 46. 76......~...............~~ I ~~ 18o2 49.7~*....~~ I........ 18oo... 48.52.................~..~ ~~I ~ 18o3 49.57............ I~ 80I... 49.32.................I~~ II~~ 18o4 47.37... I... I... I... 18o2... 49.68......I3~........ 18o 5o.3............ ~ 18o3... 48.576......4...............~~ I ~~ 18o6 4.7........... 9 18o4... 47.Ol............,....., 18o4.27,........ 186 ~ I~~Io5. 4.9.147... o.............,.... 18o8 44.17............~,~ 18o6.. 46.01... 4713~~ ~~...... 4.I S........6. 18o... I 46.66... 6.3....... 4~~ 12.. 4....... 182o44 ~~I ~ ~~~~~~... 47,95182...... 18~o8.~ ~ &3.. 47.2,.,.................. 121..... 47.63I~z....,.. 18o... 4 6 i4.... 180........... 4.6 1822...,... 49.40I...... 181o 4... ~~I ~ IS~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~47.9..... 1836....... 4TM1 1823...... 46.9 ~..... r8I7... 48.80......~~ 1837......... 40.66 1824...,... 48.82... 82..4.0.....'4 ~ ~ 4~ 1838......... 42.31825...... 5I.Ol..... 18~3~~ I~ I839 ~..... 4.2 8... 42..8 182I6..... Q.. 50.3~....,. 184o... I... I... 45.62 1827...... 48.712...... 1816... 46.17......~~ 1841.........45~164~3 1828.~~I.... 5~.72...... 1817... 45.0....... ~~ 1842...... 4.91829..... 48.30I3q ~..... r184...... 427" ~ 146.67 183o....I.. 49.85..... 1 8 4.~.. Iq ~ 46.7... I... 1844 ~.........~ 45.26 1831...... 49.16...... 1842... 46.73......~ 1845......3~i ~~ 46069 1832 ~,, 4.1...... 48.1 2......8 ~~I ~ I85r... 53.20 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~14... 45.74713....'~.,. 8... 4~2 ~~~~ 1846 ". 53[64... 47.39" 1833....I.. 48.42...... 1844... 46.8 ~ I.~... 1847. 52.8o...~ 46.672~ 1834... I... 48.30...I ~ 1845... 48.7~3......~ I848... 52.77~... 46. 36 1835... I... 47.27..... 1846 S5... 49.069......~ I849... 5".55.~.. 45.56 1836...... 49~5.6......~ 1847... 47.774......~ 185o... 53.23~... 46.~6 1437... I... 46.16..... I854... 47.83......~~ I85t'.' 53-0~ -4.. 45.74 1838...... 47.81......~ I849... 47.02......~~ 1852... 52.64... 46.57eH 1839...... 48.96...... 185o... 47.38......~~ I854... 54.32... 46.738 I841...... 49.1~......~~ 1852... 47.69......~~ 1855... 52.08... 46.09 1842...... 4.50 2...,... 1S83... 47. 77......~ 1856... 48.8...~~ 44569 I843,...,... 48.62...... I854... 47.4......~~ 186257....Y 50.24... 45.79 1844...... 49.3~..... 85.. 4.9... 188 -.~. 52.3...~~ 46.18~" 1845...... 50.36..... 1864 56. r 3~ 1 5 I ~4~ ~~~ 46. gS 1855 ~~~.~~ 1856... 45. 166.. 1859 —.9 52-27~`.-.o~ 475.7 1846..... 50.57 4....87"... 47.07... 186o... 5.44.. 5.8 46.237 1847...... 4750.2..... 1867,,, I,.. 5I~79 45~78 IS58 ~~~ 1 1 8 5.. o 46.7......, 6~9~ 186 2.0..498 1848...... 50.04"......- i I ) 1859... 46.86,...,... I864 5&'t3~ 5~.47I 46.98 1855,... 49.53~1... 182...,... 489,.o 7... ~~I 1866... ~... 52.86 46.37 1864..... 44~It ~~I~~I~~ 17.5... 14 ~ ~ 55.98 52'~5 52'3~ 45.64 ~ 47.94 44.39 48.35 48.88 46.831 5o~o1~ 47.54 49.o3 45-61 Ilours of observation unknown. 33 MAY, 1875. 258 TABLES OF'THE MEAN ANNUAL TE MPERATURE MASSACHUSETTS. Continued. d4 i q,-u go (..0,_......,...,................ 1=1 48.2................ 4 -35 o o o ~ o o - o o o o o o o o o! o ~.................................... igi6 46.65................ ~~~ ~~ I ~~~ I ~~~ 1 ~~ I ~~~........................ 1817 4. 25................................................ 1814 47.35....................................... 1815 49.35... I ~~~ I ~~~ ~~~ I ~~~ I ~~~ I ~~~ I ~~~.................... 1820 4oo55...~ ~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~...... 18216 47.65 ~~~ ~'... ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ I ~~ I ~~~.. ~...... 1817 47..5 ~~~ I ~~~ i ~~~ I ~~~ ~~~ I ~~~....................... I.. 22 ~~~.. I ~~~ I ~~~ I ~~~ I ~~~... I... I... I....................... 1 818 47 5.......................................... I 823 479.5 r 24... 48.7......... I....................... 1824 49.35 1825... 5o. 67............~~..~ I ~~ I ~~..~.......... i825 50. 85 1 S26... 49. 62.........~..................I~~ I ~~ I ~~ 1826 5o. 65 1827... 47-95*...~~ I......~~ I........ I... I... I... i...... 49.60*t~... IS27 487-75 1828.. 5o. 4................... 52.03... I828 50.45 I829... 47-70*............... i............... 1829 47-05 1830 50~44...... o............... ~... 1830 4955 183I. 49 26.......... 47.02.. I I831 48.65 1832... 48...... 458........... I3,, 45~ 84 ~~ I ~~~ ~~ I ~~ 1 823 47.45 18233 4907"... 0......... 4776. 1833 49.3 I 834... 47-79 ~~~ I......... ~~~......... 47-36......... IS34 48-17 I835............... 45-06............. I835 46.65 IS36... 45 ~93 ~ ~.... I.. 43. 26....... 1836 44-90 1837... 4................ 44]56... Ij 7 45-72 16.38......... 46"5 7' 4576 18638 4709 1839...... 47-43... 46-76 1839 47~7 1840 2...7..... 47-90.......46.26 I840 47~4 1841.............. 47~41.. 45.66... 4..., 184I 46.63 1842... 5......... 48.59... 46.76........... I 842 47.24 18243................. 46.84... 43 86..........3 47.1. 8'544.......................... 47 54.... 4580...... 1844 48.47 1845... I r..................... 47.o2.. 47 10... 1845 49.63 1846... 48............ 4..13 47.75 47-30......... r846 496-3 1847.................... 4703 4980... 46.. 130 5033... 847 498.18 1848... 4.................... 46~73 49625... 46 70... 5 q2... 1848 4.720 1849................ 46.53 45.33... 46,20... 51.75... 1849 48.52 1850.................... 46.63 48-42... 46-49... 2. 3... I850 45.72 i18I.................4...3 4975.............. 1852 4.........~ I ~~~ 51-95 ~~~ 183 8 48.o9 89....8...23........... 47.53 4838... 46.76 ~..... 18.9 47.7I i 84.3... 49.49.................. 48. 26......... 49o86 IS53 447io 1854I... 48-81.................. 47-50............... 49695.. I854 4.653 1855... 4888................ 8.... 46.799... 46-71...... 50.25 I855 48. 24 1856... 47.................. 43.6.... 42. 15.... 44-93... 49-02 1856 46.71 I857 ~...4S...01........ 45.84... 46834 46.29... 49845 I857 47.23 I858... 48.22........ 45639 45-73 46-39... 49.45 IS58 47.65 1859 4.47 4...... 45-48 45-80... 46.47..... 5037 I859 47.68 i86o... 49~3I ~~31 ~~~ I ~~~ ~4... 46.21 46.86... 47.25...... 84 60 48.53 I 818 47. 7......... 46.Io... 46.45... 47.23.... 3... iS6I 49.25 1862................... 45.573*... 469.2go 46.78... 5... I1862 49.33 i863..... 47-94.........~~ 45.7 2 ~~~ 47.24 ~ 47-17......... i8 I63 49.6i*: 864........ 4776.53, 45.81... 48.12... 47.17....864 48.52 1865...49-39 47~".............. 47.69..6 48.473 4.. 2... i65 50o 34 1866.......'!............ 46'33.. 49.75... 4.9.....!5,95... 1~851 48.08 1867..~~~~~.o o.47 4~6" 49.49......... 64534" 4630 45 344... 45.30... 18529.. S 478.3 I.868... 45.64 45-47 44-0P' 47.23 4449 4474.. 4390 44I5........68 46.32 1855... 48 I4 46.82... 42.80 47.64 46.997 46.46... 46.1... 2. I o.2 185 5 48I.6 1856... 47.~I'<...........~i8- 490~3161... 42.15i~~ 44.93 g.ro..... 49,0286 46.7I 185 87'"~3 478'~ 4............. 45'80'".8 46.314i.8 ~[ 46'329 4..-{,... 49.45 18 5 47.23 1858~~~~~~~~~'"ur 48'2'"ero.......4539.. 4,7-.J4'9....945884.6 IN THE UNITED STATES AND BRPI-TISTSH NORTH AMERlICA. 259 1VIAS SACHUSET3 TS. —Continued.., —,.1., 0.c,~ ~ ~~~~~4 ~~~~o a o o! 77 I, 4 7' ~ 2 1cC~l k ) E...... I 786 I4770..o..I.......................... I789 146.83I............................. 1~~ ~79o /45.97..I...................... I79I [4S'~4I............................ lx792 /4771.....7.i......!...73 /. 50.13........4. 49.93......................... I ~795 149'341................................ I796 47.84....................................... 1~~ I ~~~ 1 ~~~ I ~~~! 797 4730.3...............~~ I ~~~ I ~ ~ I 798 48.641I................................ ~~ ~~~ I ~~~ ~~~ I ~799 48.63...i.............................. I S~oo 49. I6I.................I80..I... I 801 49606!........................... ~ ~ ~ o 11802 49-96... 96... I................................~~ ~~~ 1 ~~~ I ~~~ 1I803 49.41 1 837 45515......I............ 1 ~~~ 1 ~~~ I ~~~ j ~~~ I ~~~ i I04~1~ 47.49 1 838......... 46.92...[........................ ~~~ I ~~~I 8o5 49.96 1839...... 48.02]...... ~~~~~~~I ISo6 47. I~ ] 1840 o. 48. io/......~ ~ ~ I... 1... I 47-30 1841... 8;...... 47 7......... ~~~~I S8o8 148.65I ~~~ I ~~ ~~ 1 ~~~ j ~...~... I...I809 47.09 I843......... 46.25/...................... I$IO 48.17 1844...... 46.4~: I'...........49 1 *-i x 8i 149.24 I 8 ~82 J44.45l 1854.. 47.33 IS54~... 46-71 47-08... 43.61 45,14*... I 813 46-77 1 5..3. 47'2...... 45.54... 185~ "... 46.25 45.6i... /43~49 45~79 ~~~ ISI 47.49 4.79"-......... 4441... IS56.. 44 x4508I7 4.2. S5 /46.77 1x857......... 4 27 7-8 i87 4...46 8...... 4 6i... i8i6 46.28 18-8... 45-67... 1857...I46. I*...... 45.67*... 1I17 4'744 17'85... 4513 i859...... 45.65*... ISIS, 47. I 7 iS Ix g 4~~9 o...... 46.0*........... I 86o,... 1... I... [... 46 1... 1819 49-87 i86i...... 46.28.. 4 6] X858... I45............ 470.. I S2 4 01 862... 4.....[46.o6... i862 ~............ 46.6*.. I81 47.2. 48.97 ~4 1559.. -7~ 48 46.98... o~ iS5 7-9*........ I S.08*... I 82414" ~~ S3 46~773 55 ~ 865~~... 504... 47-48 ~~ iS66 46-36... 47-39*... 4 6.S 7 7*.I... I 824 48 157 ~~ 1 ~~42~~ I 866... 49-83... i867 45~ 46...... 46-4I... 46.96*i... 1825 50. 6 i867...,... 48..50 47 477'... i868 43-37* ~~... 45.22....5651.. I826 49-46 1868...,... 43 2 46. 64*.. I.~ ~ i869...,...,... 47-32... 46. 12*... 1827 47-57 I 869... 45.64 48-8...... 1 1870...,... 49-48 49. I 2*7~0... I 828 50.28 I8702...... 47-59 I 5I.52*...... 46.15 46.00 47-78 47 -i6 43.25 46-30 49-41. I~z 48. o 8 48 25. 48.71 47 20 47.6 46-39 4 7.2... 49~83 ~~ I ~~~ I ~~~:. IS~~~~~~~~~~~g~~ ~ I818 /.., 47'3 ~ 6I2~ ~ 87 I75 18I60. ~ 456:o 8.7.!:x3. 46.1 46.0 4778 4.16 3~2146.3 x:,4-~1 |~ 1 49.087[x 186~ 5 46.20q~o 4.r 63 9 260 TABLES OF THE MEANEB ANNUAL TEMIPEPLATURE MAS. —Cont'd. MICHIGAN.~~ cd cdc L - B k Q) ~~~~~4 i 41 Q c ~~1 k k d 0 0 u d 0 <11 pq u IQ pra3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i~6 439 --................. IS 7 3-8................... IS1 43 78.................... IS19 6.20...................... I S0 5-5................................. 1822 46-32........................... I ~~ I ~~ r ~~ I ~~ ~~ I ~~ 1824 45-46.................. 40 ~~ ~~ I ~~ ~~~ I ~~ L ~D ~~ 54~ 1825 47.63................................. 43~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ I 05 1826 47-72.............................. 40.89-*... 41.25I ~~~ I ~~~ I ~~ 1827 45~342..................... 41-05...~ I ~~ 1 ~~ q~7 ~~ 1 ~~ 1828 48~6....I........................~~ I ~~ ~~ I ~~ 42.22.~ I ~ I8 6 4~2 ~~ I ~ ~~I36I ~~ I ~~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ I ~~ 4~8~, 4;'26 1829 44-9i......,,.......,. ~~.~...........~~ ~~ 40-48* 41.o6 1830 46-70..................I~~ I ~~ L ~~ I ~~ I ~~ I ~~ 42.97 48-56*l 42.81 i83I 45.63...............I~~ I ~~ ~~ I,, I ~~ I ~ 41-04 46.17 40-15 1832 145-51...........................~L,,., I,~,, 4T.52 47-47 39-73 i833 45-19.........i~~ I ~~ ~~ ~~ I ~............ 40-93 47-70 40~ 74 1834 46. oo......................r~'~ I ~~ I ~~ r.~ 40-75 48-40 40-34 1835 43-73..................' I ~r I ~~ L'~ I ~~ r~ 39.67 46-46 38.69 ~~~ 0~~,,, ~,~ ~,,,,~,,, 4276* i~6 42.28 36-71 1r837 42.24...............~~ I ~~ ~~ 43-92... ~~ ~ 36-04...... 1838 43-54... ~~ ~ ~~ I ~~ ~... 45~ 30....,' ~ 37-49......~ I 839..................~~ r ~~ ~~ 47-92............ 41-21..... I 840... 47.26........... i,,.~ I, 48. 70...... I ~~ 40-68 45-94 ~ 1841...~ 46.12.... I....... 48. 31...... ~~ 39-55 45-73 ~ 1842.... 47~45............ ~~ I ~~ ( ~~ 49. o5.........~~ 38-26 46.04 41-91 1843... 46. I4............~ t ~~ I ~~... 46-43.........~ 37-65 43-78 39-44 I 844 ~... 46.8o... I..., ~...... I ~ 49.62......, 38-76 46.90 41-43 1845... 7-38................. 49-41.... 9. SO 46.67 41.27 1846. 47~ 84......~.........~ f ~~ I. 50.27 ~ ~ ~ 44. 24*- ~ 43-46 1 847... 47.21 ~ ~ I ~~ I ~~ I ~~ ~. 41-91...~~ I ~~ 39-34 ~ 38. 26 I 848... 47.21...... ~ L ~~ I ~ I ~~ ~ 45-99............~ r ~~ r ~~ I 849 ~ 47,~59.. ~~ I ~.... ~, I.. C 48-71............... 39-87 1850 46. 67... I ~. I ~~ ~ ~......~ 49.7,.........~~ 42.o6 46-39 42.67 I851.. 46. 9i......... ~~ I ~~ I ~~ ~~ 49-18.....,.. 39-53. 46.03 41-~47 1852 47-71.....I ~~ ~.... ~~ L ~~ ~ 49. 24...... I 0~ 40.23... 40.67*( I853. 47-31............... I ~~ ~~ 5I.7I..........~ 40-76... 41-46 I 854.. 47-35 48. I3 51.22...,........,,,. 49-43... I ~~ 48-46 39-14... 41.27 1855 44.22 46-37!45-93 48-03... 47~ 22*... 47-56.... 458 8~3.. 398 1856 42-40 45,70... 45-481... 43-45 -6.46. 45.26* -8 oS*~,~ 8,rr L,. 38o; 1857 44.22 * 46-6 7... 45-9P 1... ~ 44~55............,,,...... ~~ I ~~ ~ i858 43-94 47-11... 49. 20......~ 49-33 ~ ~ 50,56*..,....... I ~~ ~~ I ~ 1859 143-59*'~ 47.21... 48.20......... I,., 49~ 72............~~ ~~ 40-7I I 86o... 47-09...... ~ I ~~ ~~ r.. 48-04...... ~~ i ~; ~ 41-10 I 861 44-49 47-53......I~~ I ~~ 48-38... 48, 56...... ~~ I ~~ I ~ ~ I 862.. 47-39...... I ~~ I ~~ 47,02*... 48~.44... 40~ 35*...... ~~ I ~ i863 48.23... I................ ~~ 48 3 ~ I ~~ ~~ I. I ~O ~ I 864 45-58.......~ ~~ I ~~ ~~ I ~ I.~ 763................~~~... i865 46. 06*' 49-38.......~~ I ~~ I...~~ 49-12...... ~~ I ~~ ~~ I ~ i866 44-72 47-74............... i ~~ ~~ 45,55.........I ~~ I ~~ ~~ i867 44-32 46.8o.............. I.,.. 46-55..........~ I ~~... I 868 43-54 45. I3...I~~ 36.82..... i,,,................ ~~ ~~ I 869 44-45* 46.92......~ 36.67 45.25............ ~~.................. I ~~ 1870 46.94 48-59 ~, 39-95 48. II... I...... 48.5e............~ I ~~. ~~ INi~ TH;E UNUITED STABTES ANDa BR~IITISH~ NORT~H AMLERICA. 261 MICHIGAN.-Conti-Contnued. cd d d' do U d. r tn ( cd 4 r C1 0E b 0 P4 cd dl ~ ~~3 k c~~~~~ c; r3 ~~~~~_ 3 ~ 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I8 5 40 3................... i857...... 44.7~~ I.....~.......~8j;..............~ ~~ I ~~ I ~~ I ~ I859...... 47~5i49 *... 39-46... 47 I ~~I ~~ ~~7 8*......~~ I~r S95o... 468... 45 -57*... 40.61 44-75 4 ~~ ~~ I~~~I ~~I 8 39 4 I~~ i86i... 46.99...' 45 -95......... 40-32... 46.04... 40 I~~~ ~~ I 13... i 862... 46. 79... 45-77*..........~ 39-51... 48-42......... 38.23... i 863......... 45 ~36*-............ 41-42... 48. 86......... 39-83... i 864...,...,...,.... 46~'76......239 ~~ 48.66........ 40.20... i S65 4...,... 4~747.28...,... 43-33 ~ 49. 66... 40. 68 i866..... 45-59* 45~33 33 42-50 45.20...... 40-34 ~ 48.26.........~~ 39. I 5 ~ i867...,.. 47-15 46.7 5'- ~~ 46.25... 45-95 41-48... 49-76......~ 43-48 39.02 48.20* S868...,... 46-56 46. i... 45.~23*'... 44.62.... 4 9 ~~I~~ 4.86 40-53 44.21 i 869..... 46. 7o...,... 45-34...~ 45. 1 I I.. 47-19 49-58* ~ 42-34 4I.27 48.6i i870...,... 50-01 48-37*...~ 47-52*.. 47-76 ~ ~ 52.05* -. I.. 45-71 43-78 15i.62~ 41-10 46.95 46.90 46.37 43-99 46-55 47.821 45-77 40.88 43.63 48-17 50-34 48-3' 43-43 40-03 48. i-6 H ours of observation uanknown.a 262 TABLES OF THE MEAN ANUNUAL TEMPERATURuE MICHIGAN. —C ontinued. MINNESOTA. i~~~~~~~~~~~~~c d d,, — q 4o 4' cd 4- cd cd W) ) o o o i o o o oo 1821 i -1 "' i 4'8 0 0 0 4o o c 0 1820' " I ~.... I..................... 43.7co* 11821..................................... 42.. 1823.......... ~..................... 43.38 1824...:.......,.......... 42.76 1825.................................... 47.07 1826...................................... 44.45 1827............................................. 45.69 1828.......................................45.96 1829............................................45.30 I 830...................................... 47.95 183I............... i................ ~.............. 42.44 I832..................... i............... 45.44 1833...............'.......................... z834.....I.............................. 47-54 1835~~~~~~~~~ ~~..............i 46.68 186............................. 43.60 1836.......................................... 42.54 1837 8...................................... 43.65 I838............................................. 14I.34 1839............................................. 46.79 1841............................. 44.4I 1842................!........................ 43.89 1843............................... 42.83 39.93 1843.....................:............. 3.9 423 1845.......... i..........................'..... 45.80 1846........................................ 48.33 1847...... I......... I.................... i... 4I.93.... 84....................................... 4 25' 1 849......................................... 42.26 185o... f......................................... 38.I5 43.73 1851................. )9- I 46.74 1852.................'.................... 39.11 43.79 I853 ~~I ~~ I~~~( ~~ I~~~I ~~ ~~~......................... 3943 42..34 1854......'...... 42. 8* 49"'6*.................... 4796 3 4482....................... 42. 5 4.82 1855...... I... 42.60 49.36 *.................... 42.51 38.61 43. 8 i856......... 43.53.......................... 40.93 37.89 42.42 i857.............................. 39.84.......0 1858........ 4737I...................... 39' o 43.41 41.65... I859...............~~~ ~~ 43-24 40. I4 477~5I... 36.21 36-56 40,:,8 42-46 39-39... 1859... 43.24,.....,. 4o.0 14I2 47.52" 4..~.......~~~~~,,......... 4 52.46 39.39.. 186I............!...... 44.~9 42.19 47-90" 37.63 41.92 43.02 40191 186z....... i...... 43.49 46.82... 49 43-~46.9 4. 3 7. 6:' V... 4096 38.76... I 863............... 43.69 42.49...... 37.35* 4 3. 75 4 i.oo7..4 I864... 46.24389 43.2...... 38.58...... 44.29- 40.7.6... 1865.................. 44.29 43.80...... I 1866................... 42.99... 40-9I* 37-92......... I 867..~~ ~~~~~~ ~ ~4.;1 9......... 44. I95..'... 36.848... 3.i 456 1867............... 4......'......... 36.95 38 58 43.94 36.84........~~3. 3816 44. 56* ~868'... I..., r...... ~~ ~ ~ ~ I~~ 3~5 ~ ~. ~...... 36.95........38.58 43.94 1869 41'I7*................ 4T.53*... 40.80 38.12............4 187o.................. i... 44.4I... 40-37......... 41.23* 46.65 42.35 46.17 47.1o 43.85 42.12 48.67i43.92 42.30 47.I3 4I.49 37.84 38.1o 42.06 43.07 39.77 44.11 IN THE UNITED STATES AND BRITIS H N\ORT11 AilERalCA 20"'3 MINNESOTAE$BT.-Continued. MISSISS SIP PI. Cj I cn~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~c 0 \, n II3 ~~ —-r~~~~~~3 I " V1 I I 0) I r, Ip,.r 1I L,: I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I d~cl cd 0 >ir 3 11 I i 1 1 1854..................... 443.5 7 3 7F.83' 5' 5C' ~k I ~ 1;j I S55 ) 4 I - 94 "..................... 63-84......C I856 9. 5 6,....:..................... 6o~ (~~.I/ ~~~( 37...... 6~j ~~~ I ~~~ I ~~~ 1 ~~~ I I ~~' Ic........ 62.63...tlvr I I..r. i858 42.65. I.. i............ j.' /'.... 43 99....... 62... ig73I":..i,. o................ 63 ~~ I~~~/I 7* 0; i86I 42. -9*............ 63~ I ~~ I ~~ L ~~ I,~ V ~II 73...i. i 863............... 42. 2 2 6i i. I.. Iv.70vl( ~~ I ~~ Iii i S64~ 65......... 4487... 427... 60~91 ~ ~~I~~ 73~/ ~~/26 i 8 6 5... 43.6 i ~~~ 1... 43.~.9 2 45.6 2 43.2 2... 6 3 -3 5~...... i 866...g......... 41..17 43.77...... 40~43 4 I. o6*... 6i 86........ i S67...... 40. I 1 42 78..... 39-91 40 77 63. I... 6 —4... ~~ 11l ~ ~ ~ i S68.........,... 40 7843-3... 4I.67 41.08 63-93 62-43......... 3 8. 6' 42.25 40-721 42-51 42-38 41.~ I ~~L~( ~~ r ~ tV1 I 2 64.68 6i. 15.. i 869... 8 3~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~.,.,. 1870.. 431...... 42.24~8/ ~ I 2-~~ 4 40 43-4 45.6... 45-9 4.7 6.2 6.ig 4.0*.. 41 2 4-.6140-0 4-8341.67 44 0 4163 4.6 3794 2 3 42oi 6 94 62.9 6. g 6164 8.2 MISSISSIPPI.-Continued. MISSOURI.~ I ~~~ I ~r 1867... I.. r.. I... 40~I/4; ~sl.~ I~~~ ~.~ 139;1407) ~~ 16131.. )r.4 lc ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0II.~..In..1399 l n7'~ ~ ~ ~~(LVl L~VI ~ ~ ~ ~~~~IV~, ~ 40~78 143~37 ~~~ 1 ~~ I ~~ ) 4I~. ~ ~~d cd 1799... 64 9r.........7&4 ~7 ~~j~~ ~ r1;74I61693[z 4 180.0 65 -05............~ I~~ ~~ 42384.I 14~~~6r; i 803I...... 67-58.....................~ 11~9 1447ii63.6 62r g 6q g0 1836... 65-03........................I 2.2 4.01 1 6~9 16~I 14~0 1614 6.2 I837...... 6664.................... 1838..... 6-85.................. I 839... 67.21........................' 184,.. 6-76.............. 184.. 7.3..... 67 3............... I 4.... 762..... 6.o` -......... 1843...... 66.6i................................F~ t ~r I 8 4 4...... 6 7 9 7.............. 1845...... 66-79............... 56-76...... 1846... 67-56...................... 1 I i47... 66-40............... ~: T:,, v, dc I 84........................ I t4 9... 6 6. 0 7 -!........................ i tr 1857... I......... 3 I 4*~ H 1858 66.27f vl.. 1 66. 7-. v.. I... I... t ~~ ~ I.. I... I............ 264 TABLES OF THE MEAN ANNUAL TEMPERATURE MISSO URI.-Continnued. U cd 0 cd U 0l 0 En' n 0 0 ~~~ ~~ r Cj k a) W O Q $ 3~~~~~~~~~ X ~. o C o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 1827............~I ~~ 58.86.................................~I ~~ I r~ ~~ 828......,...,... 158.84 ~~~ I......~~~ L ~~~ I ~~~ ~~~ 1 ~~~ I ~~~ I ~~~ I 1827............ 58-86....................... I8289............ 55...... 2............'......'... 1829............ 55.12................ I830............ 5. 13............................... I83g3X ~~ I ~ r............ 50o74'. 7................................. 1832......!... 5... 55.66........................ 1833........... 57.02............................. I834 ~........... 5.-....................... 1835............ 52.89.............................. I836........................... 53-19........... 1837... i... "...... 53.67...............'" 54'58........ i... I838~ ~~~I.~........... 5 2.o9%............ 3...... 53.29... 1839............ 54.07............ I...... 55.26............ I840........................56............ I841...................... 5.......... 55.48 ~........ 1842......... 56-54................. 56.o6............ 1843...... 52-33............ 53. 56............ 1844............ 55.24.................. 56.59......... 1845............. 57 30..3~............................ 1846........ 5................... 56.64............ I847........................ 53.79......... I848............ 54.69...54............; 54.15....... i... I1849............ 54.47...... ~......... 53.73....... i... 185o............ 55.58.................. 54.99............ 1851............ 56. ii............... 55.15............ I8 2.........,o. 5.................. 54..6o....,, 1853........ 56.57................ 54 5 4.9............ 1854............ 58.61.................. 57.31............ I855......... 55.63%............ 54.07............ i856~~ ~ ~ ~.............. 24.. 1856::.... 1857............ 5370................. 53.00......... 1858............ 56..0 7................. 56.28............ 1859......... 5583............... 54.37.......... i 86o... 62.2I* 56.17.......... 56'52..... 54176 "' 1861 5I~2 5 54 I 50.8........... 52~76.4.. ~ 5I:85 ~~~ 52~6. ~56~47i~ 54. 19 ~~~ I... 54.49 "1862...... 5-1.......5-55-6 5.'......I" i S62.............................. 55-61 53. I9... 52.98 5 0.-5o0' I863'.................................... 54.45......... 50-38* I864 53.53.. 2o'............... I............... 54' 77......... 49.56 1865 53'08.............. I......... 56'36....... 5I'38 1866 52.49......'............... 55.21.. 53-45`%..... 1867 5i.65........... 5!4:.. 5.7.... i86 5o80*55.1*52'79*...... 53 45/<' 49.96*..52:;... i54.32..... 5~36i 869 51.25 54.6I 50.82:... 52.760'... 50.25..52.67 53.47*: 54.o6...::.... 1870 53.8o0-x 56.42.. 2.. 5 5.84':: 54.82* 53. -.I 55'39.. 55.88... [........ 52.36 55.38 52.53 62.01 55.38 54.02 54.82 51.16 52.40 53.81 53.24 55.00 53.49 53.o5 53.85 50.40 IN TIIE UNITED' STATES AND BRITISH TNORTH AMERICA. 265 MONTANA.NERSA I820o o o...... 8I... r/l~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ o o, c I1821[............ 47'zI2.......... I8221......... 50'25 I823J........... 51'28........ I 8 24..J... 48,.25..... I826/............ 4. I849..................... 453.... I1850.........o......-.. 46.53... I851.............. 4 - 7.... 185 2....'.."............ 464 IS53... 46...4...................... 48 -40............ 1854:.............................. 5047~I 57............~~ IS55................................. 48[70......... IS56................. 45 8....... I857.......... i ~~~ I ~~~ ] ~~....5. 4 57...... 1858.............. 48-73 48 10....... 1856......... 48~56... 4 95'98......... ~3J' "[ I857 I....................... 45'...." 53 " i86i................ 5 5*4 I7... 50-17............ I858j........... 48739........ 4909*.... i 863..................,.,............ ~~ 6 8........ i864 ~ I ~~ ~ ~~ I ~~ ~~ ~................ 48-41.................... 1859l4'~..... 49'19'" I "'~ I 47J ~ ~~ ~. i505 ~ ~~I~~ I tx 1865 ['78............5014.....'" J " I'" s6~/ 5oso%/~~~.~ t8 7~.. ) ~~ ~ ~~ I. so~7,l'" I'"~ I "~ ~ 866............ 43-42 49-I7 43.66*......46,76 i867 V-99... 47-56............ 45 66',*... 44.28... 4..5... ~ I868 45/4............ 45 o6... 49 70-8 ~- 46.65..........60 46. go... 1869 466 1.... 483 46... 49.23 46.oi......... 51-11 4672- 0~ 4~5~ 16870... 416I5 7 24.. 44.2 45 8... 5~'4I 4......... 52- 76... 51 39 5I.24 186 446[ 5 41.49 47.02 48-39 44-80 46~o6 43 04 49~53 46~74 46.24 49~82 47. 2 5i.86 46.60 5~ I 4J8 IsQ ~........,.... I ~~~ 43.42 49-17/ ~~I ~~I ~~ 4~6~... 4~t.~.., ~ 1867 [41.99 ~~ ~~ 47[5645'... I868 [45~4..,. 48/o 451 0" 6.6.... I 46.g..... IS6 4667 4I~4...~ 4~35 4626.. 49~ 4.7oI..... [ ~ 51.6o [46.9~~~ ]..,~475~ 1870 ~, 4TI 47.24 ~ 44.~7 45~.~ ~. ~ 5~748.6... ~... 5..I 6t... 5I~.9 s~.,~4 44.8514I.~9 47.o2 48.39 44.8o 46.o6 43.o4 49.53/ 46,7 46.~'4 4!).82 47. x2 51.86 46.6o 5o. 8x 48.17 34~ MAY, 1875. 266 TABLES OF THE MEAN ANNUAL TEMPERATURE NE.Cont'd. NEVADA. NEW HAMPSHIRE. ~II~P$~~HE. ~ OF~~~~~~~~ THE 266 ~~o o.o OQ cd bj0 Cd c d C) 0 0:k A 07 o474 I 822................................. 49 1825................................. 47.77... I8s26... r ~~~ II ~~~ r ~r~.~~ I ~~~ I ~~~ ~................................ 48-07.. I827............................. 45~881. 1827 ~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~... I 828............ I ~~~ I ~~~ I ~~~ L ~~~ I ~~~ ~~~ 47~52 ~~ ~~~ I ~~~ I ~~47'52.. I 829........................~ II ~~ 44~ 42.........~ ~~ 45-59 ~ I 830..................... ~~~ ~~~ i ~~ 46-42.........~ ~~ 46.98... I831........................... ~~~ Il ~~ 45-72............ ~~ 46-32... I1829 1832...... I............ ~ ~ ~ 44-02........... ~ 44-84 ~ I833............I ~~ ~~ i ~~ 44-12 44-87...... ~~ 45-31.. 1834..... I. I.... I... 45.82 45-86.........~~ 45-39.. 18-5... I r......... 43 2 4.66........ I 3 2 ~6 ~ ~ ~ 44.233... i836..................~... 42. 72 43-39..... 42-45. 1837...............~ ~~ 42.92 43~- ~ ~~8 ~ 42-78 ~ i838... I ~ I........................ 1 ~~ 45- 90...,...... 44. I 7. -i839............ ~~ ~~ I ~~~ II ~~... 47-43......... 45. 2 2 1840... I ~ I...............~~ I ~~ I ~~ 47-36...... ~~ 45.62*. I 841......~ I......... ~~ I ~ I ~~ ~ I ~ 47-38......~ I ~~ ~~ 1842...... I.....................~~~ ~~ 47-58.....,... 45-70... 1843............~ I ~ I ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ I ~~...... 46.25g... 1844..................... ~~ I ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~...... 45.3 I --- 1845...........................~ ~~ I ~~ ~~ I ~~ I ~~~ I ~~ ~~ I S49f...~~ ~~ ~~ I ~ I ~~ I ~~ 6 2-:.................. 4620I......~ 180..................... I ~ I... 45-80........ I.. 45.62. I851r... I................. ~~ 45.6o...........~~ 44~ 97... ~~~~~~~~~~~*... 8112........................... ~~ II ~~ 45-70.........~ ~~ 45-06.............. ~~ ~~~ ~~ ~~~ ~~ ~~~ 47~03 ~~...... I854.................. 45.~ I ~~~ II ~~ c5 24 46~03o-...~ I ~~ I855........................~~ ~~~ I ~~ 45.28...... 43-57.........~~ I856..................... ~~ I ~~... 44~ 49' ~ ~ I ~~ I ~~ ~ ~ I87....................... ~ 45-49........ 44-05 1858........... 4.. I 86o... 49-15"............ 45.23...................~ ~~~ I ~~ I ~~ ~~ i86i... 47-56...... 54-53... 44-93 46.17",......I i862... 46I ~~78...... 51-48... 44.56.........~~ 46-47.........~~ 1361 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~... 75 i 863I ~ ~~ I ~~ ~ 4~7 5~I~ 53............. 5427.517 -453...... i 864. 47-54........... 55-37*: 52.10! 46. I3 47. i6......... ~~ i 865... 48.26..... I.~ ~ 54~o07*~ 51-79 44-94.........~~............ ~~ 1863~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~5.2158 i 866... 47-50......~ 45. I S*...,...,... 44-45............ I ~~ ~~~ ~~ I 867... 45-54... 48-11 42.80 50-88 54-62*t 47-42*' 43.63.........I~~ ~~ ~~ ~ i 868 48-94q:* 47-07 44-40 46.8I* 140.26-~'-) 46.sq0 50-34*; 45-67*1 43-70*'.... 46. 99*......,..... I 869 48-77 47-OI 48''74 49-87... 52.03^.........I ~~ I ~~ 45530...... I ~~ I ~~ i870 50-92. 47.29*1 48. 93......... ~ I ~~ i ~~ ~~ 48-31 45.~I2, I 2.. 49-77 47.~26 46.So 48-59 42-59 50.28 53-72 49-31 44-74 45-24 45.60 46.87 45-08 45-03 45.68 44-49 IN TH~E -UNITEDP STATES ANDb~ BRITISH NORT11 AMERICA.IC B 267 NEW HAMPSHIRE. —Continued. NEW JERSEY.C~T ~4E~S16~HZ~ 1, a' ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~3 a d~~~~~~~~0U). cd C's cd a) 0 V 0 00 0-b 1 I., F: ~4 ) q 3 7 40. I 5* k 18 9.......... 4. g............. i 80........... 45 9.............. I84......... 4507.... I 850......... 7. 17........... I855...... 45-79*... 46. ~~ i 6'k........ 50 I 7 51~~ ~1I2~~ 1 1 I ~~ ~ i85 452I......... 39.5 71*... 48-34 50-42.........I ~~ I ~~~ I " I ~s ~~ 1858......... 42.9 1 39I -15"~0 ~~ ~~ I; ~~ 4I~ 145 5o. 8o*...~ I ~~ I835 9... I..~ I ~~ I ~~ 4.6I.~ I ~~~...... 9 7......... +~ ~o I ~~ r i 860...... 46_94 ~ ~~1' 45.86*...... 40-75...............~~ I ~~ i86i.........~~ 46. i i.. -9.2......... ~~ t ~~ II.~ I ~~ ~... I. i862......... 5 1. 2 45.29 39~~~ ~~~ ~~14... ~~ I ~~ I 0~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ISSO... I ~~ I ~~~ I ~~~ 47~I7 ~~~ I ~~ i ~~~ I ~~ I ~~~ I ~~~II ~~~... 50-04...... I863... 42.5 3*......... 46 I ~-36*...... 40II ~~~ o-05 *...~O ~~ i 865...S............ 47-47... 42_95~ I ~~~ 4~~... 5I -47 52-03 I ~~ I ~~ 866...... 46. i 9.45, 5 I 50~' 52 47 51...48 1856... I.~. I... I ~~~ 45~2I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 8.6.........-639~ 950.. i 867 44.65 45-4~ 4472 ~~ 4244 ~ 41) 51.60 5 0 ~~ ~) i 868............ ~~ ~~ [ ~~ 429 39~I94... 49~~~ 03 0" 47.69 49~ I 9I i869...,...,...,......... 39889......... 50 I ~~ I ~~ I ~~ I ~~II~ 1870............... 42.69 43..;.. 9~ 8.. 38 52. ~~ 88......~, r~ 4279 43o6 4647 5i67 475 45-81 4586 4201 -9.2 42.2 42,3 50-4 IS63... 4 ~53 ~...... 46~361 ~~~ I ~ 4~0~05~t ~~s,.~~ I5.. 94 51-49 49 19 50. I 268 TABLE3; I~S OF THE MEAt dN ANNUALn I TEMPnr p E, TUP u,E NEW JERS-EY.-Continued. M.ed ~~~~ c~~~~~~~~~~3 F~~~~~~~~~~U ~ d a, E ~d~~~~~~~~~~~C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 1840........................ 49.63......; IS'.................. 1 0 182................. 5 0'... 1 04.. 9a 0............ P.7.... I 4 4...... 9 - 5 5 -3...... 5 2 9... I85...... 013.. 5-0............ -, 6... I 4... 5,8 - 5 4............. 50 2.............. 1847....... 4 185,.......... 51.27... I.39.....................-:. i ~ I852....,... 50-85... 50-20............,. 25....... I~853......... 52-43... 52.0c)............ 58I ~~ 5I~7.4I,.. 18544....... 52-36 1~ 50- 76..................... 57.29~9" ~~~ I ~~ 1855...... 5o 82 50~I3 I...o...,......,...,...,......6... I864S8 4 76...,...,............ 56,28.I ~~ ~ ~~ I ~~ I ~~ ~ ~ I ~~ L ~ 1 8 5 8 5. 2 * 1 I 45 0 1 4........ 3 1 1859 50-88... 50-82 49- 74.................. 5 I ~~ I ~~ I ~~~. 84 I 60 5.0*. 4 6..................... 55-54~I ~~I ~ ~ ~~ I ~~ I ~~ I ~ ~ ~ 186I 5I.8i...... 5 3-8 0-2......5..........,...,...,...,..... 54-59' 181~S62~~ 1 ~ 52........... 52.22 9.81......,...,..., 185"...,... 50~Sg ~~~ 50~zo...,...,...,,,..., ~ ~~~...,...,....67,.. 1863............ 5 5"' ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~~ 52 0?i4-1) 50. o'.... i864 53-08 52.21... 52 4 I 50- 75... I. i... I.................. 54 747 I 866 52.3 5 I.99... 52 I 5-2 5-3... 49-75......... 52-7I"...... ~~ I ~~ i ~ 5~' 867... 52-3 50-75.. 51.2 49-36 9 42....... 4939... 4. 25 iS8.. 514 0 1I... 4.6 S 7 509 8OI.... 50-80 5 0. 98...6. I I 869 52.O 73 5 I I4... 500... I.85 49~ 6 2 49.64 5 i ~~ I. 96` ~~~ I... 54~ I 77 52.83 4 1870... 54-76 52.86......5 52-305. \g;... 51-4 52.043 53 92... 57.28 54. I9...~ 50-97 52.95 5I.67 5o.81 52.'22 50-41 50.22 52.64 50.27 50.22 52.9I 52.21 52-71 52-76 5-'67/ 55-52! NEW MEXICO.-Continued.-ontiued cl, c~~~~ a, k O c3 t~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~nc bl) - 5 PFL, PIEirO ~ 4-14-141 I 4. 4 IS50... 54-02...............~I ~~ I ~~ ~~ I ~ I ~~ ~~ ~~ I ~ I85I... 54.27*....................................~~~ I ~~ ~~~ I ~~ I852579...... 6. I4...,...... 9......~~ ~ I ~~ ~~ ~ 48-47 52.17*... 18513......~............ 3 ~ I ~~ ~ I ~~ ~ 49. i6 5697 I854...,...,...,...,... 6o.207. 65-78...,......... 5 8.48 49. IS ~ I ~~ 185 5 46- 54......... ~~ 6i.21... 65.28i....... 6o. 95 48-02...,... I856 43.6o ~~........... 6o. 98... 64.71 ~~ I..... 52-53 ~ 57.67 46-56.. I ~ I857 45-70............ ~~ 59-80... 64-59......~ 48-92... 57.48*- 48. 27......~ I858 43-11 ~~;.~.......58-04... 62.26...,... 469.. 57 I 483.... I859 455~23........~~ I ~. 58-28... 6i.41... ~ 52-38.... 48.07.. I 86o.,....,...... I4~t ~ I ~Q.7 1.. 16 I0 ~. I ~1r I... ~,AQ. ~~ ~S IN THIE UNITED STATES AND BRITISH NORTH AMERICA. 269 NEW' MIEXICO.. —Cont' d. NEIWIYORK. o o o o o oo oao D 0 c. ~795~~~~~~~~~~C -- c ~ ~d (1) 0 b-0 7n PI 4613"C d 0~ d cd v pq " B ~~4 pq pq Ip4 9 1814..I....t. 49.4 I I.............. I 820.././.... 48'57....i.. I821...... ~~~/47.68.../.... I 822............/ 48'77...I... I524........... 47.47 I........... IS27 4S. 14... 47:76........ 18 —s........... 50.88.I.. 48.48.............. 1829........ 47-72.... 4.5.88...... 183~.. 5o. I 7 / 46.89.... 44 63...... 183~ ~~~~~~~~~48.67../.. 45.67.......... I032............ 47.62.. 46;44........ 18-3 C - I4 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~45:00..43:37 I1834...... 48.o5.. 48.45.... 46'~4.. 42'31 183 45.69I.. 46.0o6.... 44.64 4 1836 ~~~~~~~~~44.25I 44.27 42.63 0 13 7 ~~~~~~ ~ ~~45' 3I 43'92 42]39 I$38........ 46.67[... 44.63............ O',~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~r I$39........ 47.721... 46.77...... 1~4~ 48, 22.. 47.07.... I84I...... 47.70..[. 45.92........ I1842...... 47.98 [ 46.65.. 4517I.... 1843..46'40.. 45'04... 4950..... 1844......... ~~47'68..I. 47.84.... 49-65...... 1845...... 49' IO.. [. 44.65......... 1846...... 49.91.. 48.28.....5195..9 i847...... 48.651.. 44.36.............. I1848....49.35.. 44.803.............. 1849.... 5i.67'..:' -3 45:98.. 44. I6............ I85o 49.o 4732 1850 49-00... 57616 48.02........... 185I. 47.65..[..... 1852......48.0o6.............. 1853..49J80o........ I854..... 057........ 45;89 48z 8~'I8.. 495o... I855.... 50.44..... 44.14.. 476.... 48.26.. 1856.... 49.12...... 42.47.. 33I.. 46.77 /491.66..... I857..-.. 50-03....... 442..... 479*540.... I858.. 48.65.............. 48.83... 9 5...~'' 0569 47.31 48.94 47.3)6... i86o...... 50.28......... 4801o 457].. 49.36 47.79*....[. I86 I.... 52. 8...... 47.64 4-6.... 5-24-2.. 8632. 5o. 66 4...<5767 46.65/.. 48. 34 446'''............ 864..49.5 Ix. 47-99.. SO0 5-9....O4S9 i865... 15;5 5 48.98.. 49.27]... 49.72 45449.95"-1 i8665. 48.41..j. 40... 48. 19[....... 1867.... 46'99../.. 48.49 88...... 4-7... 4576..O../........... 47.208..... 8 70~ ~,... 2. 5o. 77] o. o6 =...... c~....... i, " " O a) k ed Cp(~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 49.o~~t5.,b eol 57.9 4795458 436/68 8:!44.3 86 rc3519[2.......... m-...._~.....a.........;,.; ~ _.:__ _...... _,~ ~ ~ ~..,...., _.,..... ~...1.............'7. - 270 TABLES OF THE MEAN ANNUAL TEMPERATURE NEW' ~YRK. —Continued. ~~~~~~~~; I.~ f1 Q~I NO Cd C az~~~~~~ ~ r.'r. -a'~ o o~ a, ~~~ ~o to ~ Cd Cd C., F c c ~ / ~ ~ /~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~ F~ ~~ ~'~ t~ t 0 c 0 0 0 0 0 0, 0 0 0 F9 U'3 U U U U U''~; ---- i -,~ - 1827.. 44.62... I.Z4353................ 4S.S3 1828 48. 52...... 1...... 1... 46.6o0...,......., 46-41... 50-81... 1829... 45-41... 45-74...... I ~~ 43-85........~~ ~.......~~ 47-71... 1830. 47-44 46.05 47 -08. 44-89... 44. 69.. ~ I ~~ ~.......~~ 49-34... IS3 46-30 46-31 45.8o... 43-00 1 44-40 ~ ~....... 4S. 30... i832 45-03 45-13... 46.685... 43-88... 44-30.........~~ I ~~ I ~~ 47-52... IS-3.. 44-57 46.00 46.82 ~ 43-96... 44-07................ 48.6i... IS343A ~r~ 45-72 1 ~~ 46-44... 4449... 44-74............ 48-90... i835. 43-09 43-83 43-95... 42-55... 42.96.~ ~....,...... 46. I 2.. i8-6... 42-20... 43~ 3 ~~ 41. IO... 40-77...............~~~ ~~ 46~4L44 ~~ I 837... 42.21... 42-44... 4I.68............~ I ~~... 45-97 ~ 45-72... I 838... 43~ 73 ~ 43-72 ~ 42-49... ~ I ~~ I ~~ ~.............~ 46.5 I ~~ 1839 ~ 44-04. ~ ~ 43.55...............D I ~~ ~~ I ~, 48-77... I 840... ~ I ~~ I ~~ ~ 42.21............... ~~ I ~~~ f ~ 48-98... 1841. 44-38 45-38...... I ~~ 42-79... 42-49...............~~~ ~~ 49-17... 1842 46-72...... 4 33. 6 43~9... 43~ 80...............~ I ~~ 50-42... I 843 45.28... 4I.9I... 4I. S8...... 48-32... 1844 47.21......~ ~~ 43-32... 43. 63............1~~ I ~~ I ~~ I ~~ i 845432... 4-9............ 133 ~ 5I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I 846......,...,...,... 43.67... -.............~ ~, ~~ ~~ I ~~ i847................ 42~( ~~ I ~~ 94 I ~~ I................ 1848...... 4' ).42.........~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.o i 849...~ I ~~ I ~I ( ~ 42.25...............I ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~ I850...........................~ I ~~ I r~ I ~~ ~~ ~~ I ~~ 1851..I ~~ I ~ I...................... ~~ I ~~ I ~~ I.~ i852.....................~~ ~~ I ~~~ I.~........ 44-45.........~~ 2 ~3...3................ I 854 46.68'...,.... 44-33........................... ~~ I ~~~ ~~ IS55...... I ~. r ~ 44.2 I................... I ~~ I ~~ ~~ L ~~ i856............ 43.23[... /... 47..7.....I 1857... i... 415... 455...............~5 ~ r.~ ~~ I ~~ ~~ I ~ 45-52-';`'858 /4781... 4.................. 47.4'S... / " i859 47~33......... f~~ t ~~ ~~ ~~. ~........I ~~ I ~~ 8i60 47.16... 43...o/... 46.479,...'" 48'3~ 2/861 47625........./ 43-63 46.89... 4... 46[46... 47.94 *...... i862 47.29...... I ~~ I ~~ 43~ 39 47-139... 47-54..................I~~~ ~~ s633... 4 4... I) o 4' " 43' 9'" 44..... 47j99... 48o.6'I 386 4 46.463...'".... "' 48739 / ~ 49 50..... /... 4... 3365 47-3...... 483.o9... [..... "..5 /... 2 ['" 46. I12...... i386 452.29............ 4719... 4........ 43.75...... 4.. 867 46. 2 I...... 44-37 47'289...'... 4390...... 3868 45-.-...,... 43"'25............. 43-09 3869 45"76... /44'o4......... 43,55 1'" 48.77 1870 424.4....... 46.6... / "... 9... 46.92 46.ig... I... 46355 44-88 45.29 45820 44;o6 43-40 47-52 43-82 46.82 46530 46.61 48.20 45-50 44-37 48-37 45-73 IN THE UNITED STATES AND BIITISI[ NORTH AiMEBIICA. 271 NEW~ YORe. —ContRnued. ~~~~ k o~~~Cw o, o o 4~~~~~~~~i.. HJ I82-e =j 4 5I'66 1[~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'82! 4.0o0 i8s6....... 52107 // 8 2 7 42-27~.. 1' 1..... 51':36.... 1 s.. 46.. 53.20...... 4'~~~~5. 07" 5-2.. 4'4 737 1] 830.. 416'()~o: 52'05[ 54'"42../.. 49' 09.. ItI831.. 44-38 5~.8~1.... 51.24 t497.. 4735} 8322 1,,.,,, i4... 0 5'.06. 51.:3~...4 I8 33 45. 25... 5 I.351...... I. 13......... 8 -34...,,, I...,. j,, ( 50.88.......... /...... 49-96...... I53 5... 42-5x 4... 49-OI...I 49 I 8........./... 46-73 is86/ 42.'00)~. 47' 251... 46-82......... 44'~6... H 1837.. 40'43 48'91..I. 48':74...[... 45.54~ 1 43 8... 40538... 50-01...... 49 94......... [. 415 H839 ~.. 43.8 I... 50-85.. 50~79....... 46.27 I... 462 o2 i/840 42.69 5~-86[ 50.:7.... 50-77...... 46.9456... 47~56... 46.64... 841 ~4226... 5o. 63I... 5..3. 4.92...I......... 46.28... 1x842... 43.46... 51.57... 5... 2.87.../... 46.8349..6 49 46.. 46.32 I1 I843 [ 4....44 So.67...[... 51'5~...' " - 455744458-69........ I 844... 41-90... 5I.33...... 52. I3... 51'25 46. 90 45 S~... 49 I834 5-6 845 2 - 93 425'2...]50'6i 53.3741'... 52-93 48.24 458. 4...... I846 52'138 52.3 3 1 2.57 52.8... 525~-313....... /I 39,,. 43~8I,, 50~s5., I,. 50~79 ~~~ i8... 2... I~70.... 48.67......... I 84-7.. 42J 53 53'8 5 / 48... 42-45... 52-40...... 5 2:28': I.9......28 4...98 1842... 42.71.. 50 782.3, So3 1 "...6460-8........ I8450...]... 50-74-' ~~... 53... 52.14 47-75 46.24....... 74..... 21 4 /85 1./....~'o. 96...... 52.25.. 52'5 7/47'~3146':... 46k 84 HS~1-7,,, 42~V.... 5_t85 45 7 I... 5,) 1852 45-73'" 51- 5,) ~~~~~~~52.1t5 14649 145': 7064-7 185,3......... 52'34/ 52'6 /48'39... IS ~~~1 9 3 I 50~73 ~~~~~..... 0.2... o. ~8.......... //854 f 5...:.. 52/035 5x.85 47,37'~ //:,:855 I... 50.26[t6.. 5 I. 64... 44-40....4.,. j45~.5o.3/... /48. i8...... 49750 50-03 44.7 1 4'.8}3* //IS7...t..... 48'68I.....49 l 48...,48-75 /...... 1............ /t x58..I. 49'f33 49'83/...60 441.67 50.36/.....I... I/x859 ] ~/...t'..... 5. 63. 49'8... 0........... l/s86o / i... 48.96 t 4...52...... 51-45... 49~96 549.1............... /86t...... 49 35 50I76...... 2. I8I... 50.89 1 46. o9............I..... 1862... 148.88...37... 5 3 6*... 50.37/46......9... //59 ~~~ I8~~~ 1 ~~~ 49~50 ~~~ I ~~~ 5I~63 /~,49~ 80... 5,.~2 1..,,,,.5 34- ~.... 8S63...... 48'89* 51.82 I5-7 46.5~4... IS641..... 50.12 50-41... 54-83' 52.57I... 5o.84 46.49... 47159 1865... 5:,.5 5'.'191... 53.19... 52.29146.59t............ 47.62 iS/,66... 49.t6* 50. to:.......... 45.99....... 46.2I /1867... 49 73' /...... 5~o;99... 51-17 45-79... 46.120.. 43.67* 46-58 I 868...,...... 47-92......~ 49-52... 49-75......~ 45-55.........~ ~~ i869.........,, j o. 66.. 50-91... 49-97...1... 45.40... 7...9... //.... 52-69*52-70... 2 ~... 48.254~ 1870... - 38*... 45~73 43.o6 49t47 50.83 51r,72 53.46 51.41'.46.64 5'.I9 47.19 45.81 46.55[47.93 43~72 46-33 46.73 272 TABLE I1ES OF THE MEANE Ek ~ ANN-UAT L TEMPERATP-UP 1V aE NEW YORK.-~~ — ~Continued. a, F: d o~~~~~~~~~~~~ 0 0 0 0 I 2...... 4c8 6 I...... I 1... I87..... 1.2 449......4 -1 952 5-4..... 188...... 698 4-4....... 523 5-7*5 5.. 4-4. I 2....... 4-0 450.... 430*.. 857 49 53*4 3'.. 455. I 3....... 4 3 620.....4.6*4-1 037.. 67 77 I81.... 3-0. 4.2 4-8.. 507 4'" 552 544 k FI k E m ~fl 4I 1) I86.... 99.....5.. 4r0 4... 418 33 187........ 3-7... 2.2... 4-6 46.. 4.5 36 I 38.. 4-5 0-4.......... 2.2... 4-8 7-4.. 4. I 446 18-9... 48-10 41-03 43-57 44-71...... 43-52...... 45.23 48-813 44-19~~~~~~~~~F 40 9-3 4. 4-9.. 7-7 9-3.... 4.9,8)..6.. 1846... 48.. o64.6_,... 4 5-88 514658... 4570... 47-1 9-4 9.I4...,... 48-45~ ~~~ ~ 1847... 47-11 42.55*... 44-99 47~994...... 44. i... 46-42 49-02 49~4' I...... ~~ I 848.... 4.II... 45-93 46-39...,... 45-Il... 47~320 49.68i~ 52-51...... ~~ I 849... 46.20.,... 45-62 44~O83...... 44-I5...~ 46~5749.. 49.64.........~ 1850...... 0......2 45-36 46 ~~ 38'...... 50-57...... 4~52 4~4 185.............. 5~4 ~~... 42-30... 48.07~ 8.7..........0 1852........ 4~I ~ 4~I ~~ ~... 42.62... 48.25 48-89 08. 3~7f 46.07.... I 5.... 445...................6... 49 6 0 1855... 45-30.................... 6585..............335 4~9 ~......... 2.6.........8 4.3...4.6 42 r886............... 49~~ I~99 ~~..................~3 i83i 41-35......... 51.62 42-7I~~~ 2.2...,........Ci.........~6 I 862..... 40-74............ 43.27.........~8 4~~4~~~ 44.1 4~~ i863... 4. 4~'~ 4~ 47...... 43 ~-03......~3 4.8........ I 8 6 4... 4 4~0 3 4 4................. 4 5 9.... iS65......4. 43-46... 1,...................... 46.94~7......0462 i866......0 43.02` ~~ 440..................... I 49.5......7 466 I357...... 1.9... 4~...,...,......54 ~~ 42.29..................~j i868......s 4I 3946............ 41-72.................. 48~5 i 869......I 4 235. 2 8......... 42.22......~~12 4~02 9.0......... 187 4866... 44.:;5............ 45.02* 45~I.........6 5.5...,...,... r S 50, ~ I ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ 4 5 ~ 36.,.... 4 6. 3 8...,.,..4 7. 8 I 4 9. 7 4 6. 4 4 - 5 6 4 6. I 48.66 46.90 43.26 47-58 44.66 46-01 48-40 43. 43-72 43-3 47~5 8.96 4~0 ~~ I 8 IN THE UNITED STATES AND BRITISI NORTH AMERICA. 9273 NEW YO' ~RK. —Continued. 4 —'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 b, }-,'- d d 6.,~~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~v....an --- c, -X, 0 rr..0 C.)....... d IV 0 0;>N cd" ~ o o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 124...S2......................... 46.33...... 1825..........................,.. 48.37*'...... I826...... 49.20............. I.. 48.51...... I827...... 47.64 ~.......... 4 ~~~~~..,............... 1828.,. 50.27............. 46.47............... I829 47.95 4722..........., 42.90...... 47.11 183o 50.99. 49. 6 48-99.............. 44.I2...... 49.OI...... I83I 50'5' 47.15 48.00 49.04....4349... 48.56 ~. ISJ2 50.02,, 46.88 47.62 48.8 I..... 43.67 1833 50.92... 47.63... 49'21........ 4354............ I834 49.62... 48.16 47.60 50'22............. 45'55.......... 1835 47.77,. 47.62... 47.88............;.... 42.o6... iS36 45.46.' 4?-34... 43- o6...........,,.. I 8 17 46~~.64... 4-7... 4-3............ 4 9......... 1837 46.064... 48.o7... 44. 03........ 41.19 x839 50-or... 46. 9 S. 46~43.......... 4462....... 46~44 9 42-74 1840 48-92... 46.68 49-14 48,46.....43...... 44 18~~~~~~~ 439 5~'~1.~~I.., 42 184, 47.83... 46-43 5003 4837.............. 43.23............... 1842 51-03 45-4$74 51-14 47-39..~............ ~~ 43.6o...~ ~ 44-75... 41.63. S43...... ~ 44.75 4803 46.29...... 463.. 49 1844...... 45.6I 47.14 47.28.............. 42.25........ 44.45...... I845 49.84.. 480. 5 48445 479...9....2 ~...... 44245 1846 4569... 48-76 49-96 50.24...... 44-88............. 1847 48.77............... 48.01............ 43730......... 4.. 1848 48.68.......... 49-33............~I,, 43-82.........,,,, 1849 50.26...,. 4... 48.05... 2 9. 47. I........ 6-5*... 1850,,,........... 49.28.......... 46.526.......... 514 4... 4......... 47..04..... 4.286........ 45. IS... 1852 ~~~ I ~~~ ( ~~~ ( ~~~ I ~~~ I ~...... 43409...... i........... I 8.0 44 3.................. 4..................... 1854 4..... 8... 50 2....., 4788........ 43.4I.... 1855 ~ ~ ~ C ~ ~ ~ ~ 45.24.............. 184756 4...77....................... 438.2...O... l....... I857.. ~~ I ~....... ~II~~ ~~ I ~ 44-97*1 41.25 ~ 43-04*... ~~.. i858 ~~~ I............... 4............... 185 6..... 3.......... 1849 ~.............. 4......... 471';1........... 4'....... 185o...... 49............... 4...... 4587...!4......... 18 1..,............................... 1863......... 4........ 1864......... 4 3. o 9-................................. 865 3....................................i. o. 1866..................... 47488.......... 4......................... 4456..................... 1 868...................... 43.82............... 869............... 52...... 43.........58......... I............ I870............... I... 45.68............... 465..1.. 49-i6 46-49 47.29 48.68 47-86 41-14 43-09 44-43 47-39 46.2I 43-33 45-95 43-12 46.I5 43-94 42.9-3 182............'V~H Ira....... i...... 274: TABLES OF THE MEAN ANNUAL TEMPERATURE NEW Y'ORTl.K. —Continued. Q bl) Q cJ ) 0 F >1 cd c: 1 d Q, r~~~~~~~~~~~~l v, cn~~~~~~~~~~ - o o -- o - o 0 0~, —7 —— C —-7- o 1826] 4.-................. I8727... 457......................... 1827 I 4575 "' I~c, 18 2 a 5;17 o.... 5;r rc3-~c IS8.. 49.5,..... 5.70............ 5152 -.... 1829. ~.. 48 i 830... 47-34............ 51-55......... 49-77...... I ~~~ ~~~ 1 ~~ 1831.. 45.87[... 48.93...... 48.21...... [.55...... 1832 47o35......... 48. 88...... 48.3 |...!......... 1833 30..... 49-2........... 49-48... I834 48[6o......... 47.68... 49872......... 4... 1835 45.7.. 3.... 47,88...... 48504 69..... 432 1836...]............ 43~77... 45.25...... 4... 4... I34 4 9 48.60 7... 6..... 44;96... 44719... 472 -......... 183 5... 45'27... 47 I... 49.2.... 48.5 47.69...... 43-28 2 1836...[ 46.56...................... 50-35 45.25 -"..... 44 -11... 1837 43:97'. ~ I ~~ 1 ~~ ~ 44.96..... ~.44:79 ~ 73 ~ ~ ~ ~ 1838 43.65. - 44.4 3...... 47 90...... 5049.92.. 487 I... 45~70.. 189 ~ 46;56.~...... ~ I ~~ ~ I ~~ 50.35 ~ 46.o9... [.. 44.11 I84o [43.55 ]45.IS ~ 944133.. I~~ 47.~90.....~~ 5~.4c~. 47.oI... | ~ 45.~7~ [~ 1841 43.26' 4x.65... 44.54............ 49-.40...1...47.61 [ 1842 46.38 44.29... 45.46... 148-38..... 41 398... 49.64... ]45.78.. 1843 42'47 43.89... 44.56......... I... 47.41. 48.31... [ 42.13... 1844 42.83[46.69[ 46.21............ 49-00... 48.71 51.13 143-1... I845 43.77 44.78.. 47-90 -............ 45.64...... 44.50o 1846 43.25i48:32... 45-81.................... 51.60 50.09... 46.22... 1847......... 46.27.................. 5~.I8 50~I5... /45-10... IS18 43.84 47.37........................... 51'48f5~'5 1... 46.02... 1849 42-58............. 49.92 49.42... 45.02... 1850........ ~.............~~ I ~~ ~r............. 52.10.........~ I85I........................... 4-4............I~~ I ~~ I ~ 1852 423................................. 1853.....5.2....'. 1 0...... I 854..............................~ ~~ I ~~~ ~~ 5i.87 ~ ~ ~ I855........................... ~~ ~~ I ~~ ~~ 50-50.... 1856 44.68*......... ~ ~. ~.......... 50. 14.........~ I857....,,... 50-46... I ~~... 5i.67 43-85... I ~~ 1858...........I..... I............... 46. go...... 1859........ I ~~ I ~~ I ~............. ~~ I ~~ I ~~ 47.22......~ i 8 6o............ 52. I 3* ~~ ~~ ~~ ~r I ~~ SI~t 46.64 ~... I... I86i...... ~~ I ~~ ~ 44-49..................~ 52-71 46.97...... i862...... I...... 1... 44-73...... ~.. ~~ I ~ 51-99 46-59..... i 863............~ I ~ 46.23...... ~~ I ~~ ~~ I ~ 53-90 46-70...... I i 864............... 52I -~ ~~ S239*.........~... 53.26 47-58..... i865... 1. I............. ~~ 53.90.........~~ 50-86*53.28 47-55......~ i866.......... 1..... 53-00.........~~ 49-59 51-47 46.29..... i867...,... 44-0.. 5213.........~ 2I3 ~~ ~~ I ~ 51-43 50-44 45-95... 43-18 i868...,...,...,. 20 31... 50. 89...,... 42-39* 1 4 8.80* 49.29 45.20... 45-35 i 869.,.. 45~ 10...,... 52-34...... 44-39* 50-33* 5 I.4 45-94... 45-74I 1870. ~ 46. 52... 48.-05... I.. 50-40 47 I ~~ -34* ~53.66.6* 54-79 47-84 ~ 49-54 43-83 46.29 45-59 45-93 44.80 44-79 48.x8 52.15 50-77 49~I14 44-71 49-51 51.66 46-57 44-90 45-52 IN THE UNITED STATES AND BRITISH NORTH AMERICA. 275 NEW YORK. —Continued. E' E~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ cn~~c~c.-a P C4 cd 0 o 1 b n F9 o >d C C 5 bl) c d d 0 0 o~~~v k I82....... 7-9..........4_0. ko o o o o r Q,~~~~~~~~~ o o3 b: Z:v ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~o 44~0 o o 1828............................ 1.7.6....8 5... IS9 5.i 73..... 4-1....... 463...4275.379513 I 2.......................... 43.o20 4420 830 9-4.... 46.7 4.2 1 2.2 18`2 8............. I8 3 3 o' 4.........4 4 "7 3 3... 4 31 ~4......... 4 6'85 4 5:53 5 54394 46I36 342 75 43'58 5..34 I~zg 50~Iti ~~~ ~ ~~~ 47'33 -.I~~ 4~I ~~ ~ ~ IS36...45 ~~~ ~... ~... 44.6~ 3.....~. 42432......... 44-36 39-70 40-30 46.84 8... 68.. 45-3I...... 44~99 5~33 41-93 44-92..... I49.4583......... 4 5.. 4-7.... 470 44 21 37. 1... 46.07 I.... 44I.. 4 7.... 440410465 475 93 i842 47-96 ~~~~ ~~~~......... 44.72o... 4434...... 4-20 434518 2.25 4-7 183I 54 ~ ~ ~ I 43 4642...... 4-2...... 4-6......... 4-14-941.24 469885 47~2G~~~.. 42.44 423.o 5o. I2 1 8 32 4 4.6.... I 9.. 4 -8 4 2.. 8 ~. 4 3 -05 4 9.8 o 1 8 4 5 4 8 -5 1.... 4 8... ~ 7... 4I9.... 4 7 4. 8.. 4 4 0 4 4 9 6 846 48-76... I... I... I... I....... 46-64... 45-57.5t... 45~30 5o. 6 I 847 47~74 ~~ -91 ~ ~ ~~ 6............ 46.96..... 44 -32 45~ 90 2.92 432.36749.4 I833 47.690............ 45~54 0... 45.20... I 849 46.92... 4~7...,............~~ 44-36 44-39...... 49.205~ 850 47.3 2..... 436*............7 44-43 43-91 42. I...... I851............ 44...2..... 44'85 4.624"4. 44~9 43.14 o-o93 449.45~ 852 47 -59..... 43 -50......4......~ 445 5...... 4 5 44 11 42 3*..... 853..o...........4................ 45-99 3I 4~54~7 93 I854...9............................. ~~ 46.8o 34 4.1 4.I 9f 18 3 4.......................... 45-49* 44-94......~~ 4~05 9~8 I844 47435.~~ I ~~~ I ~~~ 44~ 69...,... 43~94 ~~~ I 448..... 187-. 45. I 5 45-3 5......... 44579... 1858...7...,...,...,...,...,... 46.24......... ~~ ~~ 4530 506..474~2'-'0 ~ 43.267~ 4.98 49.4 186 o 9 I ~~ ~~I~~ ~~1 ~ I~~ 696..,...... 4.3....... 648 I&4S 47... 45 420 48.47 i8i............. 45.638........ 45263 I 862...2... ". 23... 45........ 45.89..................9~ 4 ~~~~~......44.3 6... 183......37...43... 45...6... 44.... 44-85............... I 864...,... 4728... 46. i...,...,... 44.66.......,...... 4~24246 ~... I S65 4 7.34~ 5 ~~ I... 46.02......... 44-31 47 ~~~ 87 ~...............~~ 1 8 6 6 4.. 9 4 9. 9 4........'.4 4o. 8 8 4..7............ i867......... 5..... 45-08......... 43.28*............... 1838... 4...,... 43.~1... 44-02......... 42-47........ i4869......... 4.9... 44.84 43296..79... 42.01... - r~~~~~~~~~~r ~~~~44.9 9 45~33':.93 44. I7. 707. 46..43. 5............ 41 92 I84o 45- 8..I..I. 5~5 4~3 ~ ~ ~ ~ 45 ~ ~ ~. ~~~~~ 6 4... I... I... 47'15 1858......,...,,............ 45'4 IS5 ~~ I~~ I~~~I ~~ ~~ 6.0.. I.. I... I... I... 47.04..,..,..,. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 7 1 4 6.45 432 6 4 -3 6. 37 4 3.7 8... IE~r...,...,...,...,... 46 ~~3 ~~~ I ~.5 43 57 4441425......43 7341 26 IS62 ~~~~~~~~......... 4523.405.4f I865......,... 4~It~~I4.z.. I.. I... 44'3 718~:'S66 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~........ 59 ~ ~ 44'73 ~~ I ~~ I ~~ 42~8 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~'57..I.. I.. 5.I" ~~ 5.8. 1.. I.. 3~28.............. 1 8 6 8......... 435 ~ 2 ~ 4.5 2.. I.. I.. 4. 7 ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1869 ~~~~~........ 59 ~ 4 4 ~ ~ ~ 32.. 2o.... Is70 ~~~~~~~~.. 4....... 4~7 ~ 4.~2I~ ~ ~ 63 ~ I~ 59 ~ ~ ~ 47~5r 46~45 43~96 46~3I 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 45.9 41.24 5~7 4~ 558 ~3 73 ~I ~4 2.79 4 8.5249B 2'76 TABLESOF THE MEAN ANNUAL TEMPER~ATU RE NEW YORK. —Continued. bo o o o o o o o o 0~c~ cd i a - tn ~ ~ ~ J3 ed O O kbn~q [1] 8 2 44.1 4. 4D ~ [d 183 / "' 49.6o P-, cd d0 - P-, c a, E'88...."... 48. III......... 182 44/136....... 44.11 46.29........... [1830499 ] 48.62 477 45-54 [~1832.. 474.8o 46.22..4.5....1.; 9...... [~1841.44'~ 4 5.22 45'9.... ]/843[ 45.62 44.8II..0. 44;iI3 9....... 84 45.93 4576.. 457..32.. I 839 143.64 48.28 4731..3 4... 45.27 1~~~~8.40 4450.34 46.29..4529.... 184I4-14-714-3.....4.0438 45.594...~ I843 436... 4470... 44.698........ I9 [1 84 4.I91... 4.i... 3.. 18450 4: -.4.. 46.99 43-3*4.27..5. 1846 46.oi., 480 54.. 462.. 1847 40' 47'059 42.4" 1849...... 46-32...... [!~ ~ ~~~~~~ ~29.8.3........ 185~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 -IO.507 1855...... 47998 43o5....... 46.24 185 I 590486 47.8.54.... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I.. ~ i852 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~... 46'99 4!-8...0I9 I856 [............ 45...: [ 9..I8........ 4!I3 0q.......... 1854 50 8.-79.......,. ~~I~~ ~~I~~ ~~I~~ ~~I~~ 84 1855 ~~ 4.6 8I ~... 51.30...... 43 90... 45,0I 1~I ~~ ~~ L~~ 1856... 4~I ~. ~ ~~.... 4I......... 42"77 1857'" 46'75 49[,.~' ] 998 4546 44, 78 1858 8.. 4 84 7.....I. I7 1859 ]... 47.94 ]... [ i i86o..'" 46'72.. 45,59 1861 [... 46.99...4 5 445'80, 1862 [... 46'551,', [ 145.64'1'...... [863 [ 4.6..... 465 4669 46.29~1,...... ]/8641... 47.41 [... 47'9... 46 6~ [44.871 49..3... 1865 479'" 4799.2791... 4 848.2 I -. 44'75 I866...].... 46.12 2.... 46494452*... 48~2 43.43 1867... 45 44 44.69......... 47.29 43-31 1868...... 4541................46. I 4... 41.1 1869... "' 46'~6 "' ]," 4.I.98 1870 454...."............ o. 66 45.63 44.6 47-9 47o6 4.64 6.0450-.62 43.o84-24-0'673 453.441 483' 337 44.84 44-791..... -~-2"~........:..............'~.... 7~i4.... I... ~5'? —--.... 5.' -5?i5:;?';?Y Y:7';~5~7'"7.'-"'~-''f,4'~ ~ —- - 7_:,.... IN THE UNITED STATE, S AND BRITISHI NORTH ABMERICA. 277 NEW YORK.-Continued. N. C.~9. c tp,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ rj d Fl~c c 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0F 184............ 951.. 2-5.... IS2................ 5-4 1 8 2...... 4. o...... 0 - 2.. 5 2 5 3........ I827...... 46.64......... 47-85... 51.28.........~~~~~~~~~~~a S2........ 9-2...... 5455... 182........ 4-03...... 7-1.. 50-5.... I 3, 5 - 7...... 8 - 4. 2 25....... 1831........ 4-7...... 7-8.. 51 42........ 182.... 4-2....... 68. 08 1833... 1....4.7*.. 5.4..... 1834....43......... 48.6o... -I3... 44.69...~~ i? O u r3~~~~~4 51. 185...42 2........ 456 4-9. 4.8. I839...... 454................, 4~I ~~ 5~7 ~ ~ I 8 4 0... 4 6.6 3.......... 4 7.8 2... 5 1 - I 4 8 -3 5... 184I~~ ~~... 46Q....... 1842...... 4-4......... 486 52.99 ~~ ~ 1847.......... 45-70.....~.... 48.13 50SI13............ 1 8 8....... 4 -5..... 4 8 3.. 5 0. 2 8......... 1849..... ~.... 46.4 48.86....... i 1853...,......,.. 4~7.......... 48-36... 50-50......~ ~~~ 46. 83 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~.. 50. 6 18I ~ 19356......... 4452 91... 4512 36 0-5......... I85........ 4 -03........ 52. 77......... I ~~ 86o3.........~3 ~~ ~~......~...... 45-44-,"'... 52-9......8 ~~ I ~ i86.. 4-54*... 4735.. 44.7 7.6 5.17.... 4-01.. i 862.. 42.9... 4768...... 47.I9 51-8..... 47.2 i 8 3.. 4 2 64, -... 4 7 6 i *......... 5.... 4. 3~" i 84.. 4.7 5139*...... ~~ I ~............ 52.25 5o.62*... 47~.r39.............~.~~......... i 866. I ~~454... 49.6..........2, iS67...... 50-09 I ~~ ~~ I ~ 47-32...... 50-94 48 0*......... iS,68....... 4.6 4.6........~ ~~......... 4952~98 47 I 94 53 41~ i869...,... 500*... 46~43 54-51 49.4I.. 1870 ~....... 52.83 49.04... 45-54*...,, 8... 54-9 1.2....53 4 47.28 3-37 5-50 4-93 4554 45.0 44 3 46.7 43.6 47-73 45-0 5 i.o6 49-6 44-I 4-13 5 3-8 278 TABLES HOF THE MEAN ANNUAL TEMPERATURIE NORTH CAROLINA. —Continued. 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ En 0 c F I~~~ r I II i 22 o I o I o U J o, / o > 4. P d cd 14 cld1. I822........... 67.46................... 1824............. 66.55........................:1825............. 65.77........................ I82.............. 1828...,...,...,... 68.6 ~ I 7........................ I ~~ i829.........6 3..................... 1830...........,... 65-76*........................ ~~~ I ~~ I ~ 1831.......... 63.25..............................I ~~ I ~~ i832...... J....... 65-82........................ 1827.................... 64-48........................ 1829......,...,... 64"372......... I......... 1836....................I........... 1838.................................... 1832...............65.2........................ i 840...,...,...,...,..................... ~~~ I ~~ ~~ I ~~ I833...........64 4...................... 1834.............. 64.24 6...2................... 187 ~~i 844.......... I ~. ~~ I ~ ~... 64 4i 6i79*.................... 1845......... 6i.45... I ~~~................... ~......... i 846...... 6o. 39...............~~ ~~ I ~~~ I ~~ I ~~~ ~~ i 849......... I... 588... 42 19...,........,...,...,......... i 850 ~.... 592 93..........644 I6179......,...,...,...,...,., 1851... I...... 59-36..............................~~~ I ~~~ I ~~ i852......... 59~314........................... ~~ I ~ i83....... 59- 71.................................~~ I ~~ I ~~ 1856.........~~ 57.282... 58I7*............. i857....,... 5 7.6.. 59-58...... 56.25I ~~ I ~~ I ~~ I ~~ I.~....... i858...,...,... 58.89 58.68*... 57I ~~59...... 59-12......... I... I859....5.1........ 57~I ~~ I ~76~~ I ~...... 59.66 ~.............. i 86o........ 6.......... 56.89 6o.8i*............ I ~~ 5~39i ~~ i86i~~ I ~~ 5~6 ~~ ~ ~ ~...................... I...... i 862............2...,...,...,........................ ~~ i 863 ~... ~ 76 ~ ~ 95............................... 188~~i 864... 6i.79........,........................I~~~ ~~ ~~ i 865...,...,...,...,...,...,..... 8 6....-......... ~ I ~~ I ~~ ~ i 866............,..........................~ ~~ I ~~ ~~ i86 5.6.................. 6i 12...... 58-04* 58.04 54 32*...... i 868 61...................... 6o4...... 56.22 58.23 53 I -50......~ ~~ i 869 5-41...... 6.i *......... 6254 6.8*...579*...537*...... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i870 57~558...,...,...,...,..,.... 63-44...... 56. 85*... 52.92* ~ 56.6i 57-o4 62.07 59.20 59-76 57-92 65-35 6i.98 56.95 6i.io 62-52 58-45 57-56 58-52 53-92 58-77 56.9i IN TIHE UNITED STATES AND BRITISH NORTH AMERICA. 279 N. C. —-O Continued. bn~~~~~a F: d bb 0 C a c: r....O ~ o Q) Fl 4~Q O F.9... e,. k,) O c r... - t... j —3c3 os o o5 ocl o o o 3~~~ d: 61 F~~~~~~~~ F9 P U U U U 31 U U U 0~o o o o t I814 52?0 i'".....,............................. 1814 520.. ~~~~~............. 1 815 51'7........'" ~~~~...........................i i I o............,,.............................. 1816 50.4....................................... IS7 50.4..........~ I~~. i ~ I~~ ~............................. 1818 53.7...... I S o6............ 54.1............ 1820 52.7........ I 807..................... 54-4... I821 5I-O......... I~~03 ~~~ II ~~~ I ~0............... 56i4...... 1822 52.2...... IS-09.,..................... 54-4..... 1823 51.o.......... Islo............!......... 52.8...... 1824 52.5......... I811.................... 56.6... I825 53.... ISI2 ~~...................... 52.6...... 1826 53.1........ ISI3............. 52. 7...... 1827 52'9'"...... 1828 54.0......... Is ig................... 58.34 56.8... i... 1829 50.8......... 1830 53.5......... 1835 ~~ I................................ I ~ 3.. 1831 48.0... i8-6......................... 5I.17... 132 51.8..~....... 1 37 ~........................ 53.00.. 1833 52-5......... 1838.. I..................... 5I.8o... 1834 52.6......... I 839........................... 54. 1o.. 1835 49.2.......... 1..40............ 53.41 46112'1836 49.0...'... 1841~...................... 53.93 45.73 i837 50.3.......... I 843.............'... 53.52 46.27 1838 49-5.................................... 51.39 44.78 1839 52. 8......... 844................ 103 52. o................... i ~~~ I ~~~ ~............ 54.43 47.Ol I184o 52.3..... I S46....... 53.08,17.o8 1841 52.0......... I 847........... 54.93 48.98 1842 52.7...... 1547 ~~ II..~ I..~ I.~~.............. I...... 52'62......... 1849.,,.................... 54.00 1844 53'.......... 1849.. II... 1......................... 53.61... I845 52.6......... i851 ~ I.............. 541I2... I846 54.0......... i852................... 54. 89... t847 52.0... i853 5i~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~.6.............525.. 14.....~.............. 4...... 1848 52.6........ 1854 ~................... I 5 854 5 5 4'92' ". 1854...9............ 5 5. IO* 1856...... 44.50............ 55........ 1857.. 44.5....................... 52.78 45.87 1856......... 48.55* i858... 5i.85... ~ 5I 5I I.~ 50.7........ 53.43 46.99 1857..............'1'..o. 7x...... 49557... 50-30... 57.I7 49.57 1858......... IIjg.......50]o0 49.57 I50.3.-. 56,27 49,50* 1859 52. 8-~!...... i8i............ 57.52o......... 56.12 I 49.1Io 186o...... 49.75o... I 862 I ~............... 50.55...... 55.87 50.32 1861 52.9*... 51.74... Jz......... 5o.746...... i 863... 5 O. 6o* ~~~~~56,28149.63 1 86253 ]i~'7 ".... 456o6 5o. 6o1863.. II.46. 75I ~..84... 55'39"4* 49'88 1863 52 4O6...... 8"4...... 47-31... 49'58......... 53'88 49'77 I864 52.1 53'42~*. i866 6o. 5~4*... 4... 5 1.43'... 56.40 50'38 i I865 53.5-......... i867.4"............. 48'48 49'83...... 54'75 48'65 1z866 51.1......'" I 868............ 49'68 48.80 ~..... 55"77 49'4I 1867 52'7' ";'".' " i 869..,............ 49'57 48'95...... 54'33 47'10 1868 50.8......'''869............!'" 5~'69 49'~9...... 55'39 47'47 1869 52'3.......... 1870............ 52.44 52.43...... 55.82'48.89 1870 54.6......... 6. 52.29 47.96 50-2I 49.5~ 50.37 5~.22 58.34 53.731 54.29 48.14 51.9x 53.29 50.42 50.07 Hours of observation unknown. 280 TABLE S OF THE MEAN ANNUAL TEMPERATU-11E OHI-TO. —Continued. 0 -- o o o cd 0 0 0 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~, 1 18 6............... 4 7 I1... 183, ---- oo 83)7...............4951 48.211 4...... I838......... 44. 08 ]:47.59 ] 47.19'"..' -..[... 18S39............ 46.17 50.21.. 49'30[........ 1 840o... 43.87 5i.87* ]. 49.40[ 1841....,....... 4 5O ~o6... 48-80...... 0..... 18 42.................. 495 o4 49!)o... 4 9o0 1843....,...,...,...,... 42............~ I~~ I~~ I~~ ~~... 843 42.3348.67... 47'. 89*%, ~~................. 1844~~~~~...... 45.41 I52' IO*'..' /. 1845............... 46.500 52.3,84 6~~...... 46-7I153.67[...... I847............... 47.o9 50.43...... [............... 1848....... 45.~9151.45I I849............. 44.66149-84....8.4...]... 185o.......... 44.33151.51] 1851... i.................. i852............. 4517I 50.94.... 54.05.........Ii...... i8 3... I... 52.82.................~~ ~ ~~ r ~~ ~ I ~~ ~~. 584...,...... i.67...,...,...............~~ I ~~ I ~~ ~~ I ~~ I ~ 1852......... 56.86 50.83... 185...... 5286- 53.32 [........-'-I 5I.....~2 /...... 47-5049.68/45:51............... IS5~~ ~~~~~ ~ ~ ~~7'.. 4501.. o 8~,.... 48'48 /46'22...... 1858... 49.6 I.......4 1859................. 51-78 49, I 6...... 52.40... 9....5o.97 4842... 9..4 833' 186 49-04... 51-77.........]...' 25'..... 186254-,..... 50j24......... 49'92.../... I 6 9.6 o4....4.. 1862~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. 4.69. 49.63 /49'27.. 18 496 07......... 4............ 49 35/...,864 48 35............... 51-11 I...t.... 865 49-44 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~49.65.. 51S3 86 49.4......... 535.12, S867.... 5090....... ~. 49.54t5.6 x 8 6 8 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~4990... 48.51 503I I869 5~:5 99 ii187~3 "'".80..,...,...,...,... 503*...,......... ~ ~~I ~ I~~ 9~5 ~ I870...... 49 97 51.26 48~8 323.... 1...........2......... 53-86 51-91 53 37... 48.69 457-324 49-64 2-.69 4.6o 48.~ 49,~51~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~ I8Gq 4~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~~523... I..I..I...11 6.I..I.~I~~I~~ 49G 6 05fs 1865 i ~ ~ ~ ~ 5040 096146.~ ~~ 58~2~ ~~I ~ 52~0 ~~I~~i~~ ~~1~~I5~2.6552 IN THE UNITED STATES AND BRITIStt NORTH AMERICA. 281 OHIO. —Continued. oj! ooooo ~ o o'o [ o o o cd $I 5 4.o7..... Cs l 4-; 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0ol......... i~~I i8 j53-45"'.................. ISI9 54-07.....................~...'~................. I820 53.o7......................... 1821 31.6I 1846 54.o3........................ I...... i i822 54.09 1847 51.62 "............. I823 5I' 86'x 1848 53'28.............................. I1824... 1849 51.85.......... -— 1825 1... 85o 52.07 IC26 154.o7 1851 52.33........................::........... I827 54.25 1852 52o....................... i828 55.38 1853 52.61.829 52.33 1854 53.96......... I855 4 4 8.o1'X-... 63o 54.67 1855 52.84......... 4...4... 4794... 1856...... 44.95... 183I 50.36 1856 49.71... 51 33:'. " 45.1.. 1857... 46.80... 1832 52.66 1857 50.84... 46.57'......... 51.4o 1858 t51'... 4... 4915... 8333 53.04 1858 53.44.... 49.37......... 55.38 1859...... 49. I8.834 53.39 1859 52.93... 48.64......... 52.56 186o.... I... 4788).. 835 50o54 1860 52.42... 48...... I861...... 14898 i836 50.43 1861 52,54... 49.16 54:28 51.85'*... 5o 83.. 1862...... 48.60... 1837 51.28 1862 52.42. 49.02 54'37 52'49'*... 50'21 51 6I3'... i863.......... 1838 50o57 1863 51.50......... 49.53.... i864............ 1I839 52.42 i864 50.59.......... 47.84* 49.53... 1865......... 1840 52.27 1865 52'32 49'46'......... 49-05* 5o.86*. 1866.......... 1841 52.05 1866 50.33 47.00...... 47'65* 49'28... I867... 47.8I.... 1842 52.39 1867 50.45!48.22.... 49.30...... 1868... i..... 47.77 i 43 50'38 i868 50.2I 47-30...... 47-93* 49-72 1869...!47:20o'. 49.04 1844 52.84 1869 50.32 47.64... 55.62... 47.59 -... 1870... 49.64... 51.36 1845 52.16 1870 51.91 50.18... 55.29.......... 51.39 51.14 47.70 47.98 49-39' 52.24 48.40 48.79 54.34 51.07 48.23 50.09 51.78 50.20 36 aAY, I875. as2 TABLESi~ OF TH[E MEANB ANNUAL TEMlPERATURE OHIO.-C,- Continued.. a d d~~~~~~c F4 c'~~~~4 0'O Pd Poq l) 0 l 0 0 0 0 0 0 i824...... 55.8*.............. 1825........... 55-3....... 182............ 55 7............ i8 7........ 5- 3.............. 182.......... 5743................. 1832...,...,...,......... 5~3 ~~ I ~~ ~.... 5 ~ I ~~~`2~ ~~ 1833 ~~......... ~ I ~~ 57 ~~ I ~.......................... 50. S 5.. 1834...,...,...,...,...,... 51.26... I ~~ I ~ ~~ I ~~ ~~ I ~~ ~ i835........................ 48 0~ I ~~ I ~. 59...rr~ ~~ I ~ i836................ 48 ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~. I ~19...~~ I ~ i837.................. ~~ ~~ ~~ I.~~ I............1.2 ~ 1838.................................... 48I -59I~~~ 1,3... i 839 ~..............................~~~ ~~ I ~~ ~~ 50-39... 184 ~~ I ~~ I ~~ I ~~ I ~d I ~~ I ~~ I ~~ I ~~I 840.................... 50-90... 1842............................ o. 6 ~~ ~~ I ~~ I ~~~ 48.9... i 843...,...,...,...,...,...................,...,... 49- I2... i 844.........~............,.....................~ 48 51-3... i 8460 ~0................................... 52.6i ~~ i 847...~~ I ~~ ~~ I ~~....................... 5 0 8i...~~ 1851........................ ~ ~~ I ~~ I ~~ ~ ~ 51-97... I852... Ir........................Ir~ I ~~ I ~~ I ~~ I ~~ 51.26... i853...........................~~~~ I ~~ I ~~~ 1 ~~ I ~~ 5I.78... 1857.........~~... 496.......... 5 i. 69... 47.82...... 48-56 ~~ 5I7S ~~ 1858............ 54~ 5~I6 ~~ I ~~I... 53.69... 50-S" ~~I..... 51-35 ~~ i859............... 5-3... 52.64... 5o. 2.... 50.01 ~~ 18i86 ~ I 53 ~~05...~~ 49.268...... 552... 53.28.., 50-00... 49.8* 5 41... i862 53 I 38*... 48 ~~5I... 5 6. 24 5% ~O... 52.65... 4S. 25 ~... P1.72... i863 ~8.... 48 7 2 *.......... 5 2...~~ 4~4 ~~ I ~~ 5~ r ~ 1861 153~05 ~~~ 49~ 28...,...,~... 5~.....30*~2... 00 981~ 51.28 ~~ 1862 5~38~k ~~ 48~I.... o......~. I ~~ 26...... ~ ~~ 5.7. i864 4' 5 4.06'4'I.8 54-18 53-85*......~~ I ~~ I ~~ I ~ 50-52......... ~~ 49~ 30...... ~~ I.~ 6. I"..,...,...,... 48.0... 2.222 i866...... 47.64 *...~~ 50.6i*...............~~ ~~ ~~ I ~~ 5I.08 ~~ 1867 ~~. 50~7I~ 48-54... 51-04. I ~~ ~ 5.5"....,...,...... 52.10o.. i 868. 48-41 47-34... 50-56...,....,... I............ 50.41*... i869... 49-12...... o0 97........................ ~~~ I ~~ 51-11 ~ I870.. 51.23..... 52. 97* ~......... 511......... ~~ I ~~ ~ 52-74 54-7353.21 50-02 48-53 48.64 51-35 5o.88 54-98 54.66 49-79 52-49 51-14 49-55 47-89 49-08 50-78 55-24 IN THE UNITED STATES AND BRITISH NORTH AMERICA OHIO. —Continued.OREGON. o 0 cJ k T~~~~~ E- V 0 c-, ~~~:j cd d ~~T, F d c ~~~o j- rdll kk 4 P I85I~~ ~ ~ ~......... 512'2-............ 1852................................ I ~8542.1. 3 —- 4.7`.. 1838 5000" 5052 4923 2-3 429 1860 49.24 52.65... ~ ~ ~ 5x47~-9/5/2..... 49'76'I5071..........[. c3 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~913........ I 867 46.43..1 18 6857 4.I 7... 4...... /45 6 8 *... 4856 5. 3~.... I2....I i8; 8 5 ". 0 0. 5 0'5 2 4 9'3 7 8' 90 3 4 5... 0 3 0. 90 IS70... 51-46...... 50-59... 48.99461.... It 859,5.oiI 5;J75149.79148.78'5I~11.6 4 ~.. 48.65 93 —. 1160 48~24 52~65 ~~~ 47~9 5o......... 499-4. 4562. 49.200.5 51-95 50.26 4S. 17 50-74 4~.23 50.21 53~3 48-95 49-89 4S.6 47.63 47 4 45 36 4-48 49.2 1863~~~" "0~' /~ 5.72 478 1S8-..... 4~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ISS5 50. 07... 53.694849~ 5IS... 5.0... 94 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 186 548.8~ 01' 51.7 I ~ ~ S 6". 82..,....... 4~8 1568~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ [ 47'34r ~ [47-81 I. a'" [~ 07 ~ 79 ~ 59 4.0"4....29 4~5 ~ /IS 48186 /5.5. 4~2 15')151 ~~iS.3""~~ 5~6..750~5 155 /48.39 15o.92.. ~ 1570~~~488.. ~ 5.L'G ~~ 5-6 ~~1.~~I~~ 4~... 4~7 ~~I~~ 4.6... 92 Ii235I9 x8.6 q~75~44 3 [5o.I 5~1(8~9 [98)36 76 78 53 44 92 [1I8 ]4.6 284 TABLES OF THE'MEAN ANNUAL TEMPEREATUUE OREGOH. —Con. inued. PENNSYLVANIA. cd c 04U) rd C h 3;~~~~__ 0) ~ 0 c ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~o od o' o 1 o, o ~ 1825..................... 52-75.~~~........o. I8'26 s............... 5 s5 [.. 1827.................... 54.28 1830>...........8.......... 183... I86...47......4...].. 7-8...... I83t7.................... 46'5 So... 1838............ 49.6I [. 1839............ I................ 5 58 [ 1 840 5~ I................ 15. I [..... i 841...... 49.23.. 1 842.............. 50.42] 1843.................. I I...... 49[01......... 1844........................... 5( 91... x845... 50....... 02......... I.......... 50 I......... I 846................... 52.94 ] I847 5o........................ 570...]... 1848........................ 50'92... 1849........... 52.4......... 50.37...... x85o..........8.... 5 3. 8......... 50.48 / 18;5................. 4........ 50'94.../...... I8i2.............................. 50.46...... 18153 5354.............................. 5-54... I854 52.10... I. ~ ~. ~............ ~... 52 II67... 2... 52 i 1855 54-94*,...'... 55I 3 6....,.......... 49-78 ~ 49-40( 1856........ 47'38 /483.0 I857 53-71 52-49............ 53-96 50-98...... 55 41 549 54...4... 49'o2 1858 52.92 51/90... s.....88/48.63......... 52.05...... 5I~~ I~ 1859 5o).88 ]49'72....]. 50'97 I478... 5 I'30~'... 50'83 I86O9 53.'89 5x'58... 52.64 49.89.......... 52'4' 1... 50'91 i 861 53x 54- 5 o. 3......... 52 44 49.63*..5..4 5.. 5125'.... 66 1862 49.26 [49. 03 [......... 45 46...2'~4....'"......... x863 54, 62 51.24 ]............... 4946*...... 51.55'' i864 53-54* 5i.66* 4[ 2.02.... 5-3.... 464 8 5i6.. x865 52'.02.4.. 2I......... 53.......... 6~4304 i866. i..... i.... 50.73*... 457....... 1867......;51.20........9... i868............. So................. 44:59... 47-58 50j13... I869............ 4542.............. 49-.91... I87~.................. 5425... 47-81... 5i.86... 52.82 50-96 4.o-6 54-37 53-46 50.52 52.i6 48-90 53-45 53.23 55~4I' 45-96 50-78 48.64 50.74. 5054 Hours of observation unknown. IN THE'UNITED STATES AND BRITISH NORTH AMERLnICA. 285 I.DENNSYLVANIA.-Continued.ntnued b~~~~~~~~~~ u 3 1 — Q)~~~~~ u u 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 6........ 3 9 2........... i837......... i 8 3........................... I 839.................. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~r -C I840...,...,...,...,...,.... 49-48~ ~~ I ~................. 1841.........~~......... 49. o6.................. i842... ~~ I.~............ 492.....................~~ ~~ 1843... ~ I ~~ r ~....... 4~5 ~...... 49-76....... I...... I 846 ~ ~ ~.............~ I ~~ r ~ I.~... 4579... I......... 1847................ 49-04 46.03*.....~ ~.~ I ~~ I ~....... 1848 ~ I ~~............ 97... 50.22 46.20~~ I,.............. i 849... r........ 503 57... 5 21.........7,.......,,I 1850............ 5o. 66 44.27... 51.I2............ 1 ~~ i851 ~~......... 504' 50... 513............... 0~ I ~~ I ~~ I ~~ ~~ ~ 1852............,... 50~ 03 46.23 50.28.......... i853 ~~ I.............. 51~348*...... 51-30.....,...,...,...... 1854 ~.. 1............. P.6 ~~ 1.2......,....... 1855...,.......... 50~4938 *.0... 50-83... 5o. 6o...... 46.oi I856.......... 5.2-,- 4-8... 49-08... 4864.. 6.i i857 49.4*.... 48 3 49-4..... 496... 476... I~Ff...,... 4I3 ~~ I7~ ~~ I 33~~I ~ I858 5o. 85.....~.... ~ 51~ 93 51-54.....,...... 49~-14......... 49 49 1859 50 I ~~ I72... P ~~ 57~ 51-34*... 52.6o...... 49.z6 ~~~ I ~~ ~, 49-85.r8O 5-3...,...,...... 5. 66... 4~2- 78....... 50. 48 6 ~7...I~~ 48.6i i861 50-49*... 53-1 49~3783 5 I.78496... 53.28 ~~ 52.00... 48.97 i862 42 12* I..... 52.17 *... 50~59............ 51-34 50-54 ~~ 48.82 i864... 45.63*...,...,... 49.26 50-93.~526 ~~........ 5~ I.87 49.2 4-4 i 865...2... 49. i 8,,, 52.03...... 42.8i......~ ~~ 52-79 o 61 48.22 i 866 44-07*......3.I 48.5 2*.....5~2;.... 43.25*... 51-7 52.00 49-0 46.86 186~ ~ ~ ~4-2... 82............ 5242 5o. 88 49 ~~ ~~ ~~ SI~ -07...8.S I8 3 ~~ I ~~ I ~~i 8'7 2~9 48. " 504 ~~ I ~~ ~~ ~43 43.6o~41 ~~4 1 8.5 i863.... 43. 64... I ~~ 49.22 49-74...... I ~~ 44- 24...I~~ 49-91 48. 83... i869...,... 44-37......~ 49-53 5o. 69...,.... 44~ 90... 53.65 51-57 48-57... 1870,.... 46. 39' 55-33- ~~ 51-45 52-46............ ~ I ~~ 53-03 53.6;2 51-35... 50-15 44-51 44-48 55-36 51-94 50.23 50-83 45-48 53-07 50-86 44-05 48-9I 52~5 5i-67 49-80 48-38 286 TABLES OF THE MEAN ANNUAL TEMPERATURE PENNSYLVANIA. — Continued. I d 20 o ooooo......... 49 94.............................. 1823.. 4. 0 0 q U C) () v ) 0~~~~~~ 1820...... 5 49.94 5-6........................ [[..... I82I ~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~...... 489............ I822.... 5 95 5,7........ I823...... 54 3.4986........................... I824 54..... 53.86................................ 1825......... 53.46.............................. I826......... 53 83............................. I1S27......... 5 - 6.............................. 1830......................................i..... i1829........................................... I1830....................................... I83I............................................. 1834............................................. 1i835...................................... I834 ~............................ 1835......................................... I838.................................. I837............ 4.37................. 5.4..... 1838............ 4.o....................... i1841............ 50.00 53.32.......... I1842........ 51.77 53.43:~........i.i f...i... i....... 1 843..... 5I1~37... 49.1I1 52. 12*............... i......... i184-4...... 52.98... 50.45 53.52........................ i1845..... 53.94... 51.58 53.83..................... 186....,.. 51,5 5.26.........................., - 1 8 4..... 5o. 1 3 5 3.52 i 847 o oI.5................ il14...84.......... 50. 35 55.06...........................!i 849..... 5 3.03... 49.66 54.38....................... 185o... 5... 5..41.85..................:...:...:...... 1851...... 5.29... 51-90 53.93........................... 1852....53.99 50- 5'1 53'06.................... 1853...... 54.I717'... 52.23 55.48....... li 1854.......... 52.50 55.26 53.41...................... i I855............ 5 0,78 53.3'5 50.74....... [ I856............ 50.96 51.88 50.75....... 4-7... 44.'68,'-.. IS.: 1 87............ 49.32 5I.37 51.54*..... 46:53... i4 6'4......-7 5....... 4...... 48.45...749 48... 42.8 I859... 5 I - I 53 36 52. 4...... 47-II... 49.64 5.. 52.66. i6o ~........ 548.56... 4..... 49.28*... 1859... 5......... 51.6o 54~45 50~I. i,962......... 507 344 5II7...................I i486313.2......4............. I864O...... 53I00 53.83.............. 5............. "861... 5.......7....54............]48765129 1862... 5....... 5...0............ 4814o...... 1863... 1... 52.6.............. 53.249.62 1864......... 5300... 53.83.........,......,...,......, 1865....,..... 52-7*... 54.93- ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~........... i4 }7 6 12 1842~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~..,...,..,5~75~3 ~ ~ ~ I~~I~~I~~I~~I~~ ~ 1866......... 51.628... 5~ 54.5 Ol ~~I~~ ~...I........... 48.1~..... 5.6 1867...... 51.o9* ~ I5 35... 526... I..... I... I....I 47.7......496 1868 49.o6' 4 5.6 4 49.98*... 51.~4...... 45.78*... 47'23' 4' " i... ".. 48.97 1869 50.39 46.70*... 57.74....... 47.812....... 47-82... 5o. 65 1870 5273 48.84 53-95......... 49-6...... 5o. 19...... 52.44 51...2.. 53-77 5...86 0.6 537 I 54... 4...7-40. 47.4 8.I50 4 8 151.264.2 53.77 51.86~~ 50.63 53.73 51.8 504 47.70~I~~I ~ ~ I~~I~~ ~ 1853...,..~~~~~~~~~~4.4oi4~7~ ~ 22 54i 48.2 5304 4.0 50.55~I~~ ~~I~~ ~ -I85............ 5~8 5~5 5~4 ~~ i ~~ I ~~ I... I... I... I....................III,~I, IN THE UNITED STATES AND BRITISH NORTHI AMERICA. 287 PENNSYLVANIA,.-Continued. 4_ - o 0 J 79 5. 7.................................. 179o 5 3.6........................................ I792 5I.9!.........................' I793 5 3......~............................... Ir794 54.3................................... 1796 52'1............................ 175 5.6......!' 1797 o6.........o.......179.527 1798 52'8 I........................... 178 5.6o...... 1799 52.5.................,,,.....i...... 1759527...... i.0 I 8.......1 6 ISO' 52~~.4....................... x763...... 1780 54 2'............................. I 764......... x799 5~.5...............,....!........... I~ 6...... I 8 0 3o 5 2. 2' ~ ~ 7o 5.86 5 1804 52. 4 ~........... i 78....3......... 1766......... ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-.25.... 1805 52....17......................958... 1767........ 18o2 54.9 17'8............ 48.85............... I768......... i 8D7 52~84 I79 I....~. ~.. 49.24..~.... I.. I 769 51-83 ~~ I~~ i SOS 52.6 1792........... 47-4... I770 52.00......~ 1809 51.6 I772 5I.83...... I810 51 4 1835.............. 50.7..1772 5........ I8o4 52.65 789........0......... 4I.48... 177 54.20...... 7... 481.4 137.............-... 48.32*50'9 "... 1774 52.90 I8o6 54.9 ISI3 50-9 i838... 5o~~ -i1 0~8 ~~ 73 52 I~~ I~7 I775 54 I~~40~~ 79~........... 49'24........ 7......'Io7 52.4, 52.........67.4............... 177 53~2....... I8o8 52,6... 5 1776...... I8I5 51.761840................. 5....... 52.2... I777 52.5....... I817 53.4 1842......... 50-49... 5I.5 17983...55.9.. 1818 53.2 1I83.................. 52...'. 5- "' I7799... 51... 1819 51.6 I 844....... o..... 55 1 177... 53~~~4... 1812 52.1 18345.................. 53.79. 180I... 53-3... 18x3 50.9 x838.. 182 5I9 84 5.9............... 5.. 8 25. 1822 ~~~~~ ~~ ~ ~~53.6 1873... 2...........7.. 54.40... I835.1... 823 53.9 IS48......................52.76... 53-3... 776 53.47 84... 5. I824 54.0 I1849 5.2,................ 1.38.... 52.25... I807509..... 1815 51.7IS3 8215 54 I840 I...2..... 4..... 53. 6...... 1816!92 14 ~ ~ ~~I~~I~~I~ 49.20.. 5~ ~ 1827 53. 4.,. 50.49.. 52.6 1 07... 59... 54. 1819 gI~618427 507 I85 5... 52.9... I80.... 59.4.... 82 567 1853843..3................... 5329'" x7 99... 5 73. 2 i 829 34 i5 51. 0 47.63 ~~I ~~I ~~L 52.29 ~~ ~~ 53~42 ~ 181 0 58.2 ~ 1833 532. I84V....... o... 5..... ~ I...... I8r9 5x.6 ~I855... 6.................' -.... 5 "' 1812... 5 9... TQSP 53.4 I856 48.9 43 26 ~~~... 46-95... 49 26 5r. 6... 187... 57-4 4~ x 8246 53.9........... i 813..... I832 5o. 6 1857 9 2... 4. 9 0 5.15. I833 53.0 I858 51.1... 54 ~~I~~I~~I5.29 49-93 50-87 52.8..... 54814... 1... 58.9. 85 502 5446.......... 5 4. x...... 58.5 i4835 52.6 i 86o...... 53.25......... 5o. 66............ 57.5 I823 53.9 584 9 5~2....................3....5... I i8~...... 5... 81) - 7 863..2. 548 5.................... 54.0... o....... 3825 25182 I839 52.4...................... 6... 57... 54.5 185340 52.7 1880...... 5599... 507.... 468 121. 1841 52.1 i866...... 52.97 49-79*50-09...... 45 00 1822..........57.9 842 53.82- 3. 867.... 51775.3.... 4950 2.... 2 1810.... 8... 57.7 i 843 52.02 9868...... 53~ 9'3...... 4 87........ 4.64 I824 "8~...... 58. 183o 523.5 18 6911..... 52-4 6.. 9..6.9.I I84q 524- 18.870... 54094*...... 52.00... 45.27 I826...... 6o. 8 ~83~ 53.4 1855 5. 4.83:-.... 46[;......~~ I~~ 439.26 5. 6... 8~..... 57-4 1~~~85648. 43.26' i 863 58.37 1843 2~ I 86 50.. 5~3 ~ ~ 4~7 ~~'~~'~~.64 84..~.. 5~ ~857 49.2...... 47:82' 46.9 ~~I..... 42~9:6 12:~........6.1 1~~~884 5~'~ i86...,. 24 1~~8655~ 80...... 4~4C ~~I~~ 5.250......... 450.66.... X86... I... 57.58 X837 5~ ~ 2.1 679 53.85~ 4......I...... 50.32 161..... 181844 1...... 4 57.61 1862~~~~~~......osevtin nno 288 TABLES O THIE MEAN ANNUAL TEMPERATURE PEN NSY~LVANIA.-Contu-eContinued. c~~~lcJ ~ ~ L rn b0 4 -dp, rd P, P- P-, -4 3 52.0 2......:............. 1834 53.6 5i.6............o 5.....I........ 1835 [5o. 8 149'.54.................... 1836 [48.0 148.77....................... 1837 [50.3 /-~ 6............... 1838 52. 5I.48.................. 1839.. 52.9I............. 1840o.. 52.8o...... 47 39... 1841. 51.89.......... 47. 19* 1842 53.22.............................. 1843.. 51.72.............. 1844.. 52.6t1 ii........... i. 46-79.... I~ 845 53.88L............' 46.39*........ Ix846... 53.93........... I.... 47.29........ x847. 53.38....................... 1848.. 53.54...............i1 45;99.. 1849.. 52-64.................... 44.99.. 85 o... 53.58..................... 185x 54... 5.............................. 1852 5 32... 53. 1 2................................ I853... 54.63. 5428............ 42[29............ 1.854 5 4.6 50~2 ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ I ~~ ~~ I ~~Ii~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 854... 5453.6 1 52.88 5.3...I............... 46. I9......... 1855 5 3.65 50. 41 52.57 48 42............... 44-49*...... 51-72*... x856. 51.54 47 14. I 49 [71.................. 43.36...... 4930 1857... 52.09 48.6 50.28....... 45.03 490.. 500 x858 53.77 52-.4 52.35.............. 48.79 50o91... 51 24 5o. 87 I859 53.30 5 I.85.9x 51 [91............... 48.62 5 ) 0 ~ 50~87 - x86o 52.55 5x I.54'[............ 49-94. 49. 9 4.........5 o.... i86i 53.13.. 52. X81..... 51.53152.05/... J48.63148.68.. 5-7. 1862... 55 250... 5...9...... 50-56... i 863..~ 53.280...5 6........ 50.47......... 51-09... x864 5.. 5389...573...........2...... 4i 38 5I.56... i565... 56284... 528420............ 5i.6i 48.60 5i.88 x866... 68 5]:8 5.68..I................ 46.58 51-10... i867... 54o95... 5;[47...... 5 I.47............... 46.98* 5I I 5 i 868 52.63... 49.87 J... 49z 57 5 0.75 5...... 49-.9 I869 54.32... 51.54 [.. 51-0 52'20.,....... 42'85 / 50'89*[ i870... 55-39 52.62* 53-5I.. 52.8 54. 97... i...,...,...,... 48-21 ~~ I ~ 52-74i... I856.. 5I54,:I4,9~1 I......... I. 33 ~ ~~ 4~3 514 52.943 5I.94 51.9 49.09 51 x.3 51 35 5I.41'51.35 50.74 48.22 486.6 50.06 46.79 5I. 2 51-50 Hlours of observation unknown. IS2.... 5. ii... 5.5... I... I... I... 5.....I.........I.............................................0.3............... IN THE'~UNITED STATE S AND BRITISH NORTHIEI AMEII-tICA 289 PENNSYLVANI.-Con'd. RODE ILAND 0 0, 0 Q u 0 b10 cJ d0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Q I822... 51-54 Q IS2.......4858.. i82....5051........ i82.... 5 58........ 1828...... 52.09...~ I ~~ I ~~ 1 ~ 1829...... 47-5......... ~~ ~~ 1 ~ IS30... 49II ~~~ 405.......... I ~~ I831...... 48 ~~ 77............~ I ~~ 16032...... 47 ~~ 5.9... 183 I ~ 47.4 1833...,......~~ 48-18... i833 48.5~.. 1 83...,...... 48.228...,... 1834 48.35 i835...... I ~~ 47-50... 1 r~ 1835 46.55 1836 45.0 1842.... 49.68......~... 1837 45.8 i 843... i..49-02......~... 1 I38 ~1 47.4~ I 844... ~ 49.82...,... ~ 1839 48.3 i 845...... 49-99......... 1840 48.77 i 846...,... 49.67*...t ~~... 1841 48.:2 i 847... i.,......... 1842 49.5 i 848............... 1~~ ( ~~ I43 47.7 1849 ~ ~ 50.00.. 8485 i850......0~4........ ~. 1845 48.1I i851......~ 50-37...,.... I846 48.2 1852...... 1 49-94... I ~~... 1 847 49.6 1853... I ~~~ ~~~~~~50~ 9"..... 46. 66 1848 50.0 1854....,... I ~~ r ~~1849 48.8 1.5..... 850 49.0 I856 47.21... I.. ~~ I ~ 851 48.7 I857 48-44............ ~ I ~~ 852 49.1 1858 50.4-7... 48-43*...,... I ~ 853 49.2 i859 49-89 49-83 48-56* ~ ~ ~ 1854 48.1 i 86o 49-75 49-79*...,...,.... 1855 48.55 i86i 50-48 49-90......1~~ I.. 1856 46.8 i862 49-44*...,............ 1857 47.7 i 863 49.62 51~5I~5~...,...,... 1858 48.6 i 84 50-34~. 51-46*......~ 1 ~ 1859 48. i i86 5~ ~ 5~9......... f 186o 8 3 i866 48.9 I...,... 47.7 I... i 86i 47.5 i867 48-49... 47-91... 46.6:2... i 86z 47.4 i 868 47-93 ~ 47-93 ~ 45-9:2... I 863 48.3 i 869 49~ 34... 47.67... 48. 70... i864 48. 1 IS70 52.22... 48. 87 ~ 50. 88 i 866 47.7 49-55 49-43 49-73 499~43 48-12 45-77 47-91 290 TABLES OF THE MEAN ANNUAL TEMPERATURE SOUTH CAROLINA. rjd,.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~a U)~ ~ Q c, ed 0 o_: oi o o o oo 4-10 o d o o o pq U)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~a 1738.............. 66.03........................ 1739............... 64.83.............. 1740 ~~~~............ 6 3........................ 742............... 63.93 1750......... 64-63........................ I752.......... 64.6 3............... I752............. 66.93............... ~~I ~~I ~~I ~~ ~~ 1753:.................. 66-43......... 1754........... 64.63........ i.................. I755............ 63 23...... 1751............... 66.33...... I... i.............. I757........ 653..................~~ I ~ ~~ I I I ~~ I ~ I ~I ~ I758............... 6........................ I759................ 664 73.................. i........... 1754................ 647.43 3......... i 824 ~~~.................. 6 - 7.............. 175 5.................. 63.23'............ I826 ~~~............ 67 9................. 1756.............. 66'63... "' i 829..................... 65~5............... i830~~~~~.........6.75......... 177............ 65.3 3..................... I832........... 6............... 1835................... 66-33...... 3......... i835 ~~~...... 6 - 8.................... 1759... I ~~~ I ~~~ I ~I............~~ 64".73 59-98.................. i 840 ~~~............ 6 7...... 6 -9........... 1842 3......:........ 64.83......... [............ 1843......................652........ 667i......................... 6. 0............ I 66-35 6 84*......... 1846................... 67.9&5':............ 640....... 1827............ 6.82...... 6-7.... 6.3'36 848...... 5......... 63.23*.7................................. 64.12... 7 0.73..................... i850............ 9~9......... 66..I. 72 65.o....I ~~ r i85I................. 65.58...... 66 71...............-73 i2...... 6........ 66.... i............ 64.22 i853............................. 66!78...... 63.26 1854...... 6...85............ 66.85................00........ 63-4266..... 62.-.38.556....... 6..-....... 62-37 I856 6o. 7* 6i.84..... 59. g 64-00 63.964.. 63.69...I......... 6o.. 3.3i ~ I858 6i.6 63 77-.. 65.83.... 6566 5~............. 63.23... I89 6.5 349...... ~~I~. 65-76... 4~I... 65. 48...............~~ 62.92..... 35................. 66.33.......... 62.7...0 1835...........?..... 4.8...... 63.78... I... I.......... I... 37 ~ 1838...I... I... ~ ~...... 659'98I.....I.. 42. i86i............................... 1864 I I 1648.9........ I.............. 6,5,, 6.......6.57....... 6~0..... 1842.......................~ 2.383 6.5...... 6............~~I ~~6237. 1856........ 65.82~ 6.8...... ~.go 4.0... 613~6t 3~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 6.....'"5 6.?06.2... ~... 5~4 6.1...... 6.67 ~~I~~I~~I~~I~~~ ~... 1844 651; 3~7 ~ ~ ~ 6. ~ ~ 6...... I. 67.1o% ~~ 199 6.5 34 ~ ~ 6.7...... 6.4... 1... I...... ~ 6o.9 12*.sI.................. 66. 352~..- 6o 84*......~I ~ ~~I~~ ~~I~~ 16 ~ ~ 48.,....,......,...,... ]] 72... 64~o5'~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~6718,5......,...,. I847..6.47............!...6.36....... 49I r876.6.........,.,......, 641812..... I68 G.I..r..I.. I I...... I... 1... I... I... I... 64. 04... 5~8: 189 6...... j............ 6. I2... I 6 2... I... I... 64.43*... 64. 0... ~~I~~ ~ 1870............... 67.72............... 65.09"... ~ ~~I~~I ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~66.o8 6.026~9 6~96.756~36.626~ 6.1 6.3 6.......... 64~ 63 3.22 5... IN THE UNITED STATES AND BRITISH NORTH AMERICA. 291 TENNESSEE. TEXAS.AS F~~ O v: c3'.z c: rz dtn E c, O k O a 0, cliF 91 -7" 0=' —-- l 9..../.......... 185.o......... 57 02....... 65-43 ~~......'....o.............. 185G..,...,...,...,... 53~ 2............ 63*~... 1S57...5......... 54'03 / 9.'" 2[......... 65.44...... 63.67 is's... 5... /... 56.7 I...... i0.. o... 67.36...... 65.oo'0 IS59...21......... 56.2 1...... 6o. T"... 67-35,S60............ 27'~... 67' ~ 7'" 57-92* 6i-55- s 558 57 707 ~ ~4;96 65 09 1S61......... 57.26......//........... 67.17......... iS62.........,...... 57- I9..........//.. 67.25...I863 55... ]....... /!........... 67. 16......... 18i64............ 54'59....../... 65'88..."... i865............ 57'I9.../............... 66.20......... I C0 6.......... 56. 30.................. 69. 1866............... Iovu~~~~~~~~~~63!~'"~ [~ ~ 66'93 I~'"~~ ~~ i r3~7 ~~~ I ~~~ I ~~~ 56.25 159o6I2.../... 68. 21...... i168 6 9.... I...6..4.. 16... IS SS 55.57 54~ 55.64... 55-41 58.::'I 59.43... I i 869...... 54146...... 55.x0... 58.62:4 58.25... 5 II. II 65.21 65-13...... 11870 57~35'~[ iii 55~79 61~ o;4 41690.o.< 6 S757 6 o 56-44*6.296:' 59.08... 6o.46 67.I5...... 58-09 58.63 54-96 6i.go 6o. 6 56.53 56.74158.92J60.71 56.16 65.o 6450 0 59.76156.98 67 6.I TEXA./S.-Continued. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 0 0 - 6 0 I8~~~~~~~14 7' " 7457 - 0 4 O-1 d v, I1846..........704 1848...................... 1849 7...o... 6........................ I851.............. 7 I -52-4 72.72.. 636 S52.........'" 623 73.92 185-3..64 72.99 601;5 630. 1S54............. 65. 58.. 74.Oi 63.~ So 68.85.. I555..'. "........ 65'27 67'12-" 73'1I2 [63.66*[ 66.50.. 63-3i9 IS56................. 63.65 62.76 7I.88S 61.78 68.23[.. 60.10 -. 2...... 6296 63'~01 7 2 654 161.718. 9 1857 ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~~... 62.5~ 7 5 4 8 9~.35~ I85S8.. 62. I4 "........... 63.1I5173.22 /63'28169'.54[.. 62'0 1859.. 69123.. 66'29] "[... 63'62..''. 64.40 70.21.. 62'33,860.. 69.98 65.63 66.87......... 68.6*. 65.4I... 64.89 70.06... 6x9 i86i........................... 1863~ ~.:. n u u ~ i862................................. i 863......................................... 86Q.. I I8619 7.954;-..,.. ~~I~~I~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~~I~~I~~ ~ ~ ~ 180..I..I...........,.,.. 370 6416~~ ~~2" - ~~ 185~~~~~~612........... 6 7 ~ 792 ~ ~ 6.04~~ 6657.33 62.73" 69.Ol~ ~~ ~~ ~ 65.967i 4.o6.768.~81o.2o 68.54 6.1 64.73062~90 292 TABLES Os oF TH:E Al lE AN ANNUA nL TEA TPER En TU RIE TEXAS. —-Continued. cd cd c c c, F: O F: u E~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4-1 4 41 4,0 41-j-j 4-1 0 41 41 4: cli;-4 C 0 0 01 0 0 0 0 0 O O O O 1842...,...,... 73-0...........................~ I ~~~ I ~~ ~~ I ~~ 1849................................. I ~~ ~~ ~~ I ~~ ~~ I 850 7I. 14... 65-5i 65.6i*-...,... 67-39... 68.20~ 73.II 1 I 62-32. ~. ~ I85 1 72-4r... 65.9 2 66.63...... 68. 34_".. 7.29.. 62. 68... 70-40*: ~~ ~ 1852 71-76...... 65.99......~ 67-31......~ 74-86 63-57*... 65-37*...... ~~ 1853 69-48 7I.59............ 67~'10... ~ 73.20...... 6 5. I O.... ~ I854 70.7 i, 70.28*~.......... 6S.; ~~76...9 4. S... 72 8 ~ ~ 1855 69-37... I...... I............. 72. So 62-79 7.. 0.3 7" I856 70-02...,...,...,...,...,...,.... 7I.69 64-04... 65. I..*...,... 1857 70.62...,...,...,...,...,... 63-48... 73. 28 63.28... 64. 75.........~ 1858 72.97........~~ I ~...~ I.. 64. 79... 73.5o 63-70... 67. I...,...,... 1859................ 70.7o 67-46 ~................. 6i.65... i86o............... 70-58' 68. i..........., 68. It"... 62-752;. i86i.........~ I ~ I.. ~~ I ~ I ~~.................. ~ i862............................................. ~~ I ~~ I ~~ i 864.......................................I ~~ ~~ I ~~ ~~ i865...,...,...,.........~~ I ~~ ~ I ~~ I ~~ ~ ~~ I ~~ ~ ~ r866......................................... ~~ I ~~ i867...... I................................ I I. i 868...,...,...,...,...,...,...,...,...,...,...,... 64-43*e i869.. I ~.............................. 64.2................. 63.26... 71-51 71.4o 65~95'65~87 63-17 73-o.1 6S.65 65-67 67.63 72.98 63.69 62-48 66-40 71-~32 62-54 64-3I3 TEXAS.-Coontintied U cJ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~l C) c d v, k k F:~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4C I S8........... I.36........ 189..... 218........ I850... 64.2.................. 5.2 185I.. 64 00.................... 75 47.. 1857..................... 69I ~~ ~. I 33*......... 72-44... i858 ~ ~~ r ~~ ~...... 68.63...I ~~...,... 6550...,...,...,... 7341... 1859......0....... 6638 9.6..... 69 -76~~ I ~~ ~ I ~~ ~~ 54 ~ i 86o...... 3~3..... 65-51..................... 69. i 6 7~3I.. i86i..................... ~ I ~~ I.. I..... I.. 6426 7388 ~~ i862........... I................ 6.6........., 697 IN THEE UNITED STATES AND BRITISH NORTH AMERICA. 293 TEXA S. —Continued. ) UT AH. VERMIIONT. U c l C ) c c d cd 6: a k ~~~~~~~~ a qC k F: O Ir: Q, u w rn~~U U 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0: F i 8 60................ 4.92.. IS3... I..................... I.. I ~ ~~ I~~. L79 1835........................~~ I ~~ ~~ I~, I~~ ~~ i~ I. I836.........,......,............ ~~ ~~ ~~I ~ I ~~ 4~0 ~ i83 7... ~~...... I...... I.................,... 40~696 ~~ 1838.............. I.......... 4 5~i~~ ~~ Ir~ ~~ ( ~ i 840.................. I............. 46.02...I ~~ ~~ L ~ I 81........................... 45..o. I 842... ~ I.~ I ~~ r ~~... I............................... 45~E 92 I 843...,......,......,......,...,...,.....,... 43-57... i I 84...,......,.................. ~~ ~~ ~~I~~ - 44-72... 1845......,.......... I... I..,.,.,...,.,... 45-74... i 846 ~ ~~... I ~......I........ I ~~ I.~ I ~~ I.~ I..I... 46-47 -5 i 847......~.......~.............,....,....... 44- 72... i 849..,......,......,...,...,...,...,.........i~~ 44-72 ~~ 185o 69.88............~ i....... i ~~ I ~~ I ~~ I ~~.. I... II... 45-46... 185i 6-4...,......,......,...,...,...,...,...,.......,. 44. S6... 1853 9.8............,...,...,...,...,.....,.,. 45- 5.. 1855...............I ~~............ 44.20I ~~ I ~~ I ~~ II ~~ 45-28... i856.................. II... I........... I...... 41.63 42-35...s i85 )7 I~~ ~~I~~ 67......... 66-6........... 42- 55......~ i8-8 67-42... 6-1.8o...~I.~ I.. I~~......~I.~...... 43.02 42.22... I859 69.9i 66.I2 655~45 ~ 66.93 169.67*...I~~ 48. 24 51I.28*...,...,... 43-81 42-43 ~ i 860 7I.80... 67-77*......... ~~ I~~ 48.6o......I~~ I~~ 44-35* ~ ~ 18,1........,....,...... 51 3*....,. 43-85 42.92... 8552...,...,...,...,...,,...,...,...,....... 44-45* 42- I 7... I 863... I...... I......... 52-42.............. 45.65 42. I 2' ~~ I85~4...... I..,.... 52.22..... 52-41...... I.. I... 43~3.I 3 I 855.........,........ 50-96..... 50-54 6 i. So.........,, S566.... 5-9*. 51-85. 44~33C... 45.2I*~,857............ 517...... ~~I ~......... 45-97*... ~~ i~o'8..... 65-91...... 50-46.....................~ I ~~ ~~ 859............... 5 I 76*...............~~ ~~ I ~~ ~ I 870 67-35............~~ ~~ 50-00 44-72*............~~ ~~...... 47.o6 69.22 66.I2 66.15 66.22 67.29 69.34 11 5.49 45-14 48-45 PT.86 6i.37 43 87 45-48 441~12 44~444 45-76 294 TABLES OF THE TMEAN ANNUAL TEMPEPRAT URE VERMONT. —C ontinued. 1 7 8 9... ~ ~~~~4.. 4. 18 2 7 43.87.....1 4C4 Cd P-4~ c 46.9...... 7S 2...................... 36.... 1827 43-o9 /................ 182S 46.986................ 8329... 42.7............... I1S30 4529.. 4...................... I834 43..4.........I........ 18324 75........................ 18 40 4 31 434........ I1840...... 43.32I......... 1842.................. 42- 72.............. I S43.... 42.1 IO. 18-44 42.05 184[6.......... 44. 38........ I S47...... ~~ I ~...... 43-40........................... 1848......... 37..........77...... I S49.............. ~~...~~. I.~~.~~ ~~~.~~ I.42....69........ 185...3..........,.......,,. 42 4.....44 I8 4 40.7 2.4........................ 4.55 I855 39-33............ 41~93...... 9..................... i856 39.05........................... 41.81*...... 87 39.55...... 4......... 4 31o33 4 4~ I03 42 68... i8i8 39.49../....... 47-99 39.30...... I859 40.2S..................... 47.37.. 39.59.... i 860 41. I,- 34"'......, 4. 47 ~~ I86............~~ I ~~ ~~ I ~ [8i S 3 9 52*... 41.9 8:...... 42..................... 42.99.. [8632 939I...... 42.21...47... I...... 4717 43.65... i8 3 39.36 4...... 42-59".................. [8 64 40 7...34 40.76/44-52 46I........................... [8 36~~~~~~~~~~~~ i865 40.2........ 4I 3098 450~57.................. ~~ i86 39.58...... 44.297. 43-97......... 42.64.................. 39. 44...... 40.2o0 4283..... 41-39... 9............ i 868 39-78... I... 39.70 42.24.........4 00............ [869 38;78..... 41.61 43.95........... 42-38......... 45.38 1870 40-99... 4700 43.92........ 45.08 4... 4......... 4.5. 8 08 39.8 9 44.26 46.65 41.41 44.57 42.14 42.46 44.20 42.78 42.6I 47.44 43.62 40.3 7 42.28 43.44 46.8i Hours of observation unknown. IN THE UNITED STATES AND BRITISH NORTH AMERICA. 295 VERMONT. —Continued. VIRGINIA. Q) ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ o uc 3c i o o _: 18o~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~j on O, t~~a ~~U c t o - E C v/c E -- 182~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 IS5.... 4419...............,Frr'" oc~~~~~~~ FI cl~' I 824............... 56-39 _O I~~~ I ~~............ ~~ ~~ ~s~-s 6; ~ ~ ~ I ~~ 5~3~ ~ ~ ~' I;5]~~ ~ ~~ I~~ 10925.................. 6i.95........... 1826..................... 6i.66..................... ~~~... I W 16.......... 59996......... I827 6o 6 "~~~~~~........ ISz~ 61...7 4...... [...... 6i.74........63... I63 IS...t...... IS25.. 39.2'...... 57.4I............ 59'07...1............ IS3c... 41-O......... 59.43........ 6~' 71...J... I831 39.7 57.26 ]............ IS-.2......... ~~ ~~ 59J26...... 8399 54.1IO.../.......9... 6o..................5... 183 4 4o.`5 5 073~ I13.5... 39.1............... 58. i9/......... 1835... 38.0.................. 55.65/............ I837 37.8..................... 58.33 / I838... 39.4........................ 58.o9.../....... IS3) 40.5..................... 58.49...J......... I84o i... 40.2..................... 59.7I......[... i 1841... 40.3..................... 59.o3...J...... I 1842.................. 59.93............... 1843........................... 57-77.../............ I844:..................,...,........ 59.06.../...... I845..................... 59-76.../............ I846.................. 6o.5I...[............ 1847........................ 58.19......... 1848 58................} 58-S3............ 1849........................... 57.82... 1850........................... 58'92...... 18; I...i......... II....... ~~I........ 58. 84...............I ~~ 1852...I.................. 58-48... 8 4........ 1853........................... 59.36............... S5)4........ 56.o6...... 61.02 61.24...... [855'"..... -53'68............ 59'93'.. 59'58.:-J. 8/2......... 2...... 57.7I7 52.78.... I857 43[35...,... 54.18... 50-43.. 5S.07,57.68...... 1858.................... 59.73159.53/............ ~~ 85~ 9~ 569 ~ /'" /'" ['" 59'97 5 5 9' 18, 59-39"' 59:7...0.......... I861............... 9...' 3 9'~ 6o. 89............ 1862..............II....... 59.7I...}............ I1864..............58-3O.......[. 186-.....................,..,.... 59-55............... I 865............ ~~...,...,...,........... ~ ~~ I~~ I ~ ~ 1867~~~~~~......i.... i. 56...55-6'..... I857 ~~~ I ~~~ I ~~~ I ~~~ )I ~~~ I ~~~ I ~~~ 5A~56~:~-.. j7.56[ 55 77 122 I8..... 39'~11':.......... 58/05... [57.21... 55- o 0......... I85....o... 40.I6...'"..... 59-40... 57.24... 57.66... 55.64 IS7o......... 42.86... 6o.27 58.64...... 58-98 55-32 42-90 39.68 44-92 40.65 54,45 59.21 50-45 56.02 59-41 59.49 59.Il 52-78 55-30! 58.32 56.I7 55.27 t ttours of observation unk~nown. 296 TABLES OF THE MEAN ANNNUAL TEAIPERATU'E VIRGINlA. —Continuedol o ) ~.. o o C/) 110, 14jc, F 1822........................ 63'0 5..... tZI~~~~~~~ ooooo 185~~=5 4 I c PI P s104..................... 4...:i~8 I856...,...,...... i............... 58.96*.....I ~~ I ~.... 543 8 I857.. 4641... 49 35* I 56:47.9'35': 4S ~ ~~~.1...... 58-87 546.85 I858 6....... I9.. 5. 3. 48 6 o......... 8 3... 55 83... 5 8 - 9......97. i86i.................. 6.. 1860 4... 5...... "'..; 3................... 1865................6 42..I.. iS66........................ 6o. o9~ I ~~ I ~~~ I ~~ I " " 187 S 8`...,...,...,............ ~ I~~ ~~I ~ 00...,...,...594 i868......................... 5 ~~f 5 I... I1867 158'.'8o'"'-.. 9,~. I868 ]56.5"'?...... 54' 72-: 1869 57.67 ~~.........~~~ I ~~~ ~~: 58232'... 57.57:'x 5 6.27 56.Oi...l... I870 58:42... 53.22.................. 53-85... 57.59 5 7.5 I 57.18 47.74 53.27 54.3I 5~.~5 56.22 55.29 j8848 6,1.05 56.oS 53.68 59.2 55'29[~~~ 848 6'56'83'892456'61 56'66 6956i VIRGINIA. —Continued. WASHINGTON TERRITORY. 185, de; ]-. 99 in~~~ ~ ~~~. 51. 6 51) 4.1 cn~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1852~ V'" ~ / 0' r. Q cdcd. 18 3 JLI 0 d C-) v u u a ~~J F: c3 c3 cJ O O~4-1 U O /) 1850........................... ~~ I ~~ I ~~ I ~~ ~~ I ~~ 49-59 185 1................................. ~~ I ~~ I ~~~ ~~ 5i.6 5 18 52....................................~~~ ~~ I ~~ ~~ 50-58 I853....................................... P. I ~~ I ~~ 57 68 1854I........ 55-42........... 5o. 69 ~~~ I ~~~ I ~~ 1 ~~~ I ~~~ 535.~2'x... / ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 5~.269!~ 1855/ 56.96 53-59... 1856 [ 54.22 5 I -..... 5 I. 86* ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~2:51I.30] 11357 /542'62'>: 55.78 5I.54'' [512 6S~'... 50.7o0X-/ 49.4-7 I858... 57.29...... 54.22x' / /49.3 9! 53.1 49.o9 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~... /47.88.8.. 411.... 31.O 1859... 56.66...... 57.3I... 5 394* 48.6..... 9.27 47. S I 86o... 56'20... 2.,............. 50-84*...... 52.o6 44;81I... 51' 82 1861................ e.... 48-98...... 43'72... 5/'9'1 1862...,...,..,.,..........~~ I... 48-02......... 41.64 ~ 48. I 3....... ~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~... 5~~~~~~~~II"' ~44.,6'" 5. I ISrJ3........... 5. 6511 1864... / I................ 49/58............... 5I'44 I 865...................... 52.02*... 49.82*~ 1S66... so...=, iS67........ ~~.........~ ~~ II ~~ 49-36 51,:0O,...... 43-98... 50.21*~ I868... 5o5 50'.72-' 44.52 I n f53]193 5;79 I 52'1 2, 0 AO. 6 T I ~,.. 45' 96...AA,,.89,~.3,o.74,.,37 49 75 2I 36 4~549:7,, 52'35 0I 15 45 pg ~0 IN THE UNITED STATES AND BRITISII NORTH AMERICA. 297 WASHINGTON TER. —Cont'd. WEST VIRGINIA. Co o o 4-1 410 d Cd Cd Cd 3 o o c~~~6 0 n i, 4= O 0 4- O 0 Cd z P- 0 C's 0 0v o 01 C~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 IS2 9.............................. 53.2..........83 ~......................... 55.7............ 183I I ~~~ I ~~ I ~~~ I ~~ II ~~~..................... 52.0......... I32 I 832....... I....... I....... I......... 53-S..... 1833 5 I 7:............................. IS36........................~~ I ~~ I ~~ ~~ 52.2.......... I 840.............................. ~~~ ~~~ ) ~~ 53.7 ~~ I ~~ ~ ~ 1~336~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I85o... 52-OI....................................... IS52 52 o6",......... 2... 54.29..................... 1853... 53.40...~.............................. I854 -....... 57'65............... 5496...576 I855... 52.42*... /54. I42'.................. 5 34S... iS56... 52.12............. 46. SP-....... 5 i.96 50. I7... I~~ IS57... 53-19* 53~56*...... 50. 88?'..................... 47-53 52.62*f.. i858... 5i.86 52.6o.........,................... 5 190*f 55-52 ~ 18-9... 50-32 53.20...,.,......,... C,, - I5......... 53-42 541~78 ~ i S6o... 52.61 53. 78....,.....,...,...,...,...,...,... 5o. 64 54-85*k ~~ i86i... 5193 54-,7.................. J862... 48-51 49.24 *........................... ~~ ~~ I ~~ ~~ ~~ i 863... 52.92 54-40-~'...........................~~ I ~~ I~~~ I ~~ I~ i S64... "2.71 54.89 147~3-32*............~ ~~ I ~~ I~~ I~~ I~~ ~~ I ~ IS65 51 5 19* 53-30~0* 455 96*~.. I... 55. I4*.....................~~ 1 ~~ i 8 6............. 5 3. 7"3'..................... ~~ I ~~ r~ I S67... 51. 40......~ I ~~~ i... 55.o/;6 535 04*... I S68......~~...........1 ~~ ~...................~ I ~~ ~~ 51-57 1S69......5 3 0....82...... 3...56'.... ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~5x.9o\-' 5.52[.. $S70........5I~1................. 511 87 5i.83 53622 47.64 5 53-83 54-18 54.29 47.50 49-49 54-99 53.65 52:50 51'81 54-31 5I-95 ~8.. [52.71 298 TABLES OF THIIE MEA, AN ANNUAU AL TEMPERATURE AT Un W., VI.Continued. WSOSN ~~c U tZ r cd cr, d ~~ ~ o hi) 16 -C CO C Uv; o E: to -4;b 0 0 0 0o 1823... II...... I. I.... I.. r....... I. I.. I.........0 41-97... x827......~ I.~...............~~ ~~...... 45. I ~~ I 9~ I9 ~ 1828........ I...... I...... I......... I.......... 45 - 40.. IS29... II............................,.......... 42.98 47-0 1830..,...,...,...,...,.......,...,...,...,... 51-2 4036 2.0 1831..,...,...,...,...,......,...,...,...,...,...,... 44. S 41.22 46-34 i832.,...,...,...,...,......,...,...,...,...,...,... 45-58 44631 5 49-9 18-3... II... I..... I............................ 5 I i 43 46.29...9,834........................... ~~ ~~ I ~~~ I ~~ I ~~ 47-78 46-48... 1835.............................I~~~ ~~~ 1 ~....~ I ~ 45.65 43-55 41-30 i8-6... I ~.........................i ~~........... 4~2 42-38 39-73 i8'17........................... ~~ ~~ I ~~ I ~~ I ~~ 45-55 43-14 41-13,838... II.. I.........~............... ~~.......... 45-75 42. I7 40. i 1839 ~~~ II ~~~ ~~~ I ~~ I ~~~ I ~~~ I ~~ I ~~ I ~~~ I ~~~ I ~~ i ~~~50-80 45.6 43-89 18340........................ ~ I ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ 48-03 44-42 42.26 I 84I.,........................... 47.6i... 41.96 1842... I.... I...... /.................. I..... 148-07... 43.23 I 843... 1...,...,..,....,.,... ~~ I ~~ ~ ~ ~ 43.o6... 4I.84 I 844...,...,...,...,...,.................. ~~~ I ~~ 47-71... 45-58*1. 1845...........................~~~ I ~~~ 46.92..........,...... I 846... II.......................~~~ I ~~ 48. 99............. 1847....................................... ~~ ~~~ I ~~ I ~~ ~~ 18s48......~~..................... 44.7 I..................~~ I 849..................~ I ~~ I ~~ I ~~ $~~6...,...,... 4.4 6,....... 1850........................ ~~~ ~~~ 45-51...............~~~ I ~~ i851... I...................I~~... 44~ 70............~ I ~~ I ~~ I852..,...,...,...,............... 44. 24.........I~~ I ~~ I ~~ I853...........................~ ~~ ~~ ~~ I ~~~ ~~ I ~~ ~~ 1854............ ~~ I ~~ 47.::2- 4S.85..................... 1855.........~ ~~ I ~~ 45-48........................... I ~ 1856... 42.24............ ~~ 45. IO...............~~ I ~~...... i857 49,02 ))42. I 7.. 36.25...... 43-7o......~..... 40. 69........ I858 53-09 45-45... 38-54......~ 47-35............~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ 1859... 44. i8... 35.21... ~ 46-58........................ ~~ i86o... 44-40... 36.64*C..... 46.15..................~~ I ~~ i86i... 44-00... 36-3 8-x ~..... 46.68*.. 46.26* 45-03................ I I ~~ i862.... 362..... 46-74...... 4 3.27*............... I 863...,...,...,...,.... 46.76*......... 86.................. 45. I 44-34*......... ~~ 42-97..... i865...... 47-8 46.07 45. 18-'".. 4.9 4-0 i86..... 46.6I...... 4-5.... 4-73.. 4.90.. i867...... 4687............ 443.. 4I6.... i868... i,.....61.... 38-33*...... 44 ~79*......... 44-98~ 41~9 ~~5... ~ I 869... 44 45* 43.8 13... 38.82 *...... 4373......... 4 4. 3 85~ 41-71...... 1868..... 4,97... 41-50...... 47.28......... 50.28 ~~ I ~~ 44~9 1 90~ ~........ I870... I ~~ 4~7 ~~ 4~0 ~~ ~ 72 ~ ~ ~ 02 49 ~.. 51.21 44.20 46.20 37-13 39-73 47.22 46-'9 45-i6 45.25 45.27 44-14 46-78 42.67 47-32 44-12 44-46 I-N THE -U -NITE'1`~D STATES ~ ANND BR~ItITISH I NO nT II AMEB LICA. 299 WT~ISCONSIN.-Contir~lt nued. d, ~ ~ ~ ~ d~ V 0 P- 1) d l o 4= 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C, 0 0 Q 0 0 0 0~~~~~~~~~~~~c 18 4............. 4. 5..... I 8 5............ 4.2 1................. 1 q 6.......... 5I -0 1........... I 47............464...... 1 4............. 7 4...... I S IS5 ~..................... ~~ ~~ 47 ~03.................. IS52 ~~ I~~ ~~ )~~ I~~ ~ ~ ~ IO.................. 4. I9 58........... Z)5..... 4 5 8,...... -80.................. ~ ~ I~~ I ~~ I ~~ ~ ~ IS49.~ I...... 47 19..... " 46.5 47-4c....... 1 55 ~ 45~ 3...,... 44-96...,... 44-32 43- 34....,...,...,... 474 185.....,... 446 4-4 42.3 4..I6 30 4.3...,...,...,...,... 44-83...~I ~ ~~i ~ I ~~ ~ 18-3...,...,... 4 -2",'4..............29... i ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~; ~~ I ~ 15......... 4 6.67...... 4 4-56 45 -76... 46.28...~~ I ~~ I ~~ ~~ I ~ I S Pal........ 47-04...... 4 5. I 1 46. 12.........~ I ~~ I ~~ ~~ 8~8 ~ iSSi......... 4. 1 I* 46.... 44 47 44-792 46. o6.................. ~~............. 4.3 2.C...4~7 ~ 5~0 ~ Is57 ~~~ 1 ~~~ I ~~ 44.66 $3~74 4293 46.2I 44-46 45-38...,..................~~ 3S~...,...,... 44~"93' 46.2S..................3~45 i I ~~ 4829 ~~ IS' 4.8...,.......0......... 44. I 2 ~ ~~ I ~ 1 44.62......... ~r I 65 3.6I............... 45. I 7~/44~7 45.67...... 05........ I S 6...,......... 5...... 42-97 43.8o......... 42.13~~ I ~~ ~~ i I-~6...,...... 44 IO 4534...,............ 43.82~ ~~ L ~~ I ~~ I ~~ ~~ I ~ ISJ 428 3....,...,...,...,...... 4~6......,............,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. 43-15 43-90( ~ ~..... 41.89 I 6 9.. 300..... 43.23" 42.96 44. ~ 6..... 43~ 70......... ~~ 42.~24 I 37..... 46.97*.... 47-31 46.65 47.29 42.03............... 4,.65 45.6 4.0 6 45.64 4-2.9' 45-40 44-48 45-75 42 73 306 44-85 44-33 45-91 46.81 42-71 WNISCON~SIN.-CoCnt inticed WYOMING.J~ t P-, tf Cd cr Fi: d k S rJ' k C~~~~~C ~ - C C11 0 0 0 0 0 I S 0.................. 9. 9.... 185,................. 5o. 6 182.................. 69 I8 3.................... 0 00... I8 4.................... 52 7.... 185................. 5-8. I858...,........ 74*....;............. I...... 48-08...,... 18-Sg...,...,...,...,...,... 42.69... 3S I*...... 48 g......6 ~~I ~ zS 860...... 4-5' 31S-74........... 4 I -3.5...... I..... 49-31... I... iS56 458" 09... )S 38. I 3...~...,............,,,......... 50.78 44.. i862 2-1.47... 7.. I 6...,... 36... 1 4 2.20 ~ ~ I ~~............. 4.. 300 TABLES OF THE MEAN ANNUAL TEMPERATUPE ~ British Gua-`JBaha=m a Ber-mudaz Mexico. Il Costa Rica. Gua - Caribbean Islands. Mexico. temala. Hon- Islands. Islands. c-luras. -or o o e~ 2; t-( c:~~~~4 V C I834~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-..... O C3 a) o C (3 11:: 184t........... 7. 5 I836... I.. 79.68 ~~~ t ~~~ I ~~~~~~~~~8. I'-.48 - 6 0 71.68.24 1849 8. 5o:185o........................ 68.87......... 81..2... x85I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ 69.28 ~~: ~ ~ ~ ~ 1852 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ I 68.27 ~ ~ ~ ~ 1854 ~9. I.~~ I.~~ 67.rg73 IS36........................ 79.68 ~~ I ~~ 1856.......6I........ 7S.......................................8........ 1857 59.o4 ~~ ~~I ~ 1858...................... 682476......... 1859 69.5~........!!............... 68... 1850.................. 68.87 1......~~ I ~~ I ~~ II ~~ I ~~ I ~~ I ~~ I86I 6..89...... 66..7............. 6 9. 2,'............ 1862 69.96... 67' 25.......... 687 1863 3 68...5... I.......... I 4......... 67. I.......6...8.................... I866...... 67.56............ I867...'... 6 i. oo............ 1868 76 79.4 3 7 6....667'225 57................ 1869 69-50...... 67.65 i8......... 6 57...... 87o 66. ~... -............ 69.04 79.43 61.1o 67.9. 80.93........ i862ur7 69.96...... 679.5 i863~~~ ~~ /~ 68-5 54 69..... 66731....i. 79_~90..[i.... 86 i 864 68.6i......I Hours ofobservatin.unknown IN THE UNITED STATES AND BRITISH NORTH A MERICA. 301 New Cuba. Jamaica. Hayti. Dutch Guiana. Venezuela. Brazil. Granada. Cd CS 0 0 d =t d -0 E -1 C c r 0 0 0 0 0 00 00 1779..... 7 72........... I794 81.80..... 1832...... 7S-77...... 75-89~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oEIS3............. 7-1 184............76i 1840 ~ ~~ I "' i ~~ I....... 1................... 76. 41 1841..................~~ t ~~ I ~~ II ~~ II ~~ 75.66 1843.................. 76.ig~.. ~~ I85.................. I855..,..........I ~~ 1,......... I......6 1856.............,i......,...... 6~4 I857...... 8 0.~ i.)......,,..76 I i858......79-49...........~ i86o...... 78-42........ i86i........ 77-8"........C...,......... i862... i... 78 8 ~~ 775......... ~~ I ~~ i863...,. 77.72*......... 77-,52 * 77.6i ~ - ~ ~ i864... I ~~ 78. 24*.,.,,., 78.5......~~ I ~~ i865...I~~ 78. 72... ~~ II ~~ ~ 79-39......~ ~ i866...I~~ 78-53 7S. ~~ I ~~ I ~~ 893... I ~~ r ~ i867... I ~~ 79-37..,.. I... 78-47*... I ~~ I ~ i868......~ 78. 83...i~~ I ~~ ~ 80. 22*......... ~~ i869...1~~ 79-35..................II ~~ I ~~ I ~~ 81.80, 79-36 78-44 78-77' 73-721 79.88 77-77 78.66 6i.444 78-95' 75-83 I Hours of observation unknown. 302 DISCUSSION I L~ OF TH~IE SEC CU LAR VARIATION o In2vestigationo 7 of the Secul~ar Tacriationz -The following discussion, which is based upon the preceding tabular nuuibers,l will be limited to the examination of the secular variations of the temperature for places within the United St~ates or for adjacent stations. To ascertain in general the character of these variations a number o f stations were selected possessino-r the requisite len th of series or fromt ~LLCLIV~I V~L~VVILIY Il~~V VIVV~ ryv- ZD. rrt9 which, by proper combination from several stations at no great distance apart, such a series could be produced havino, as few interruptions as possible. These separate, or combined series were plotted (soe accompanying illustration); this could be done either by plotthig directly the annual means, as in the case of NRew H~aven (see isolated dlots), or by smooth curves, as shown for all the stations which resulted from the alpplicaltion of the process of successive means, (to, tile 4th order) iihich has been explained before. This process, while it preserves all the characteristic features o~f any systemnatic progressionn of temperature during a succession of y-ears, also relieves us in a great degree fr~om tile embarrassing presence of the accidental and minor irregularities. The 4th order of means was found quite sufficient; the 8th is given for Ncew I'Iaven. Further, the process of combination of the results fr~om several adjacent statioils, either for the purpose of producing a more extended series, or for filling, Up gap"s must be such as to preserve exact-1y any feature or features conimonlz to all the stations, whether of a progressive or a periodic character as might be produced byy a disturbing influenlce of a general or cosmical nature. This will be done by the method of differences, as will be expIlained further oil. If we examine any of the numerical and graphlical results, for instance those for iNew Haven, we recognize in the first place-certain apparently altogether irregular fluctnuations in the annual means, their influence will be greatly reduced or destroyed by successive means and by combination of series (since they are equally liable to +t and - deviations, which will tend to cancel themselv~es); in the second place, we notice certain systematic chancres or undulations of irregul;Lr epoclis and extent which will be subjected to further study with respect to their character and geot-raphical diistribution. If all the series, proposed for combination to a normalc2 series, were of equal extent and complete, the simple mean for each year~L would be all that is needed, but for indirectly connected, overlapping, or defective series, tile combination is more, laborious, as we must'Lake account of all possible differences or combiinations," which can only be done by application of the method of' least squares. After t~he series have all been rendered homogreneous, by application to each of the corrections indicated wi~th consideration o f all possible combil-natiomns and their weights,, the ~LIM~V~NV~C ~I~VIIVVIL~JIM~LCVVIVIL 1~ WIIL ~VWLI~V-V~r~rl~VII~VL~~V~~V~~~LV~ VIVII- IID means for each year can be takien as before. A full example of the method is Criv a Tlw,"adl thi e nip ill intended to show also the amon flca aito OF TIIE A'TM1~OSPHERIC'l TEMPERATURE. 303 The series of annual lneans thus obtained, after u:dergoing the process of successive means, are given in the following table. A combination series is indicated see lpreceding tables. Designating these series ill thle order named by A B C D Ei, we proceed to finld the differences A -B from each year froin tle 33 years common to the two series; this gives the nean value A - _ +0'.8 witl tle weight 33; in lYke manner we form. the other dliferences designated by V V2 V3... subject to the silall corlrections v, v2 v... as follows. VI A - = +o. 8 + vI weight 33 V.2 A - C = -o. I + V,2 7 VBy means of the relation/ - V I - -- = o and V3 - D- +o. 3 + v3 36 similarly in the other four cases we establish V4 A - E-= +o. 4 +'v4 3 the conditional equations:5 B- C -_o. I + V 20 V B- BD-= I.6 + 30 0 o —-o. 8 -vl + v- v V7 B-El=+.I4 +'7 3 ~=-+0.5-v1+ V — 6 V8 C --- "-O. 8 + V8 13' O -=-I.8 —V1 +'4- Z' 7 V9 C-E - -=+0.3 + v' I3 | + I o.2-7,,,+,3 - v8 (D - E does not exist. ) L o = 2 - V"2 _+'4- v9 whence the equations of correlatives and the normal equations-7- q, c i I00 C C2 C3 C4 C5 C C2 C3 C4 C5 PI~.......j V1 _ -I -I = _ o.8 +42 _ 9 + 9 I,2 IS -{I -I -I 0 +o0.5 +9 +27 + 9 +8 V3 8 -I +I o — -I.8 + 9 + 9 +209 +I00 V4 I00 +I +-I -= I.2 -I-O +8 +49 +- I8 Z' I5 -I [ 0=+0.2 I +ioo +I8 +I4I V1 IO -I v, I00 — I hence: C, -= — 0.o27 vl = +0.02 A — =-+0~.8 V8 23 — I C2= -0.022 8 V2 +o. 6o -- C = +o.5 v9 23 -I C3 = -01-o.o 3 z, = — o.29 A — D= o.o C4 = —-o.oI36 V4 = +-o.55 A- =+I.o C5= — o. 0098 and applying these differences to the respective series-the Brunswick series remaining unchangedthey become as follows: — _. A......... D. II.1AI C I I... I D I; I - Cd U U C d ~ u.,: A B C D E A B C D E A B LC D E~ S~3 " 1807 4.7............ 43.7.. 1829 46.2 44.0... 44.... 440.9 45.6 |85I 42.6 43.9|44.5...... 43. 7 44.1 l808 43'4 41........ 43.4 (43' I) 183~047.5 45'3. 44.6... 45.8 45.5 I852|43'9 44-5 45.... 44-5 44.I 1809 42.;I............ 42. I 43.I I IS347.7145.~... 45.0... 45'9 45'o 1853 44'5.. |....... 44.5 43.9 |8IO 43.6...... 43.1. 43.3 43'2 1832|45-2|42.8... 42.I... 43'4 44.2 I854|427............ 42'7 438 |18II 44.7... 44.9 44.8 43.2 I 833145.6143.0... 42.0... 43.5 43.7 I85542.9... 45.7...... 44.3 43.8 I8124~.... 4 1.5... 4 1.2 43.0 I83 4 45.4 43.5... 43.0... 44.0 43.4 |85 6 |4I.8 45.1 44.0...... 43.6 43.8 |18I343.... 43.6... 43.4 43.0 ~83544.421.7... 42.... 43.2 42.9 857|43.6 45. 44.9... 43. x44.2 43.7 18I4 43.3...... 44.6... 43.6 43.0 1836 43.I.I I..... 40.9... 41.6 42.2 85843.8 44.3 42.9 * 43 43. 5 43.5 |8i5 42.9...... 42.4... 42.7 42. I... 4I.O85. 41. 2 3 432. I 89 43.5 42.3 43.4 ~~~~~~~~~~~-78167.042. 41... 4.24.1 94.3 443.8 41.8.. 4 3.46234|I8I6 42.I|..... 41.9... 42.0 42.4.838.. 42.8|4 3.2|43. I. 43.0 42.8 I86o * | 44.8|44.8 43.6 i817 4I.6...... 42.0... 41.8 42.7 I83 9!.. 3.9 44.6 43-4... 44. 43.7 li86x... I 143.6 43.6| 43.7 |ISIS A 81..... I42.8|....4 3. I84O * i44. o45.5I43.6..4 44. 3 I1862. 1 4341 143.4 43.4 43.7 454.7.45. 44. I 8446643.946. 43.9 45 44. 5 |I82 44~14 81 143 1 13 8 440 |I84Z4 814 |444 I*145 42|I64I I 45. II * 44. 344.71 44.51 |8I43.9143.51.42.8 143.41 43.7 1 84343.9|42.9143. 43.7|...43.4 43. 5 xS865|.. 1..45.... 146.0|45.5| 44.8| |2243. x'44.41..144.51 144.~l 43.5...... |844|42.3|43.5|4x.o42.9| 4...... 2.4| 43.3... 866|. 44.I| |45.C|44.5| 44.41 |I23 4I.o|42.4|...143.~l |42.I| 43.5 ||845|43.3|44. 42.2I45.2 143.71 43.8 | I8671I43~......4 1 3 1124 43.9'44~l.0. I45. I144.31 44.2 |I846I44.I4 5. 245. I48.4I... 145-6| 44.4 I88.........I|8| | 49| 43C30|35| in~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4'.j F " 430 4- 43.5) |I25 45.7|46.0|...146.3| 146.0| 45.2 ||847|43.I|43.9|44.8|45.o|... |44.2' 44.5... |869|......45.31...45.I 45.2I(45.1)I |T26 45.5145.8I... 46.61 146.o1 45.4 |E848|43.7|45.4 44.3 45.0|... 144.61 44.3... I87~l I 166 4 17~ GI27 43-9144. ~*144. ~l 144.~l 45.4 |I84943.~144. 413. 944. ~l.. 143.8 44.2 1 |I828 46.9|46.2| *-47-sl * 46.9| 45.5 |850|43.4|45. 244.7| | 44-41 44. Ix1 I I I I r _ I I'"........ 304 DISCUSSION OF THE SECULAR VARIATION by havino, tlhe letter C and a Rwman numeral ex-pressino, the number of individual series attached to the name of the principal station. TIhese combinations are as follows:: Brunswick 49 years. Portland 37 Constant Reduction +o'.8 Brunswick, Me. Gardiner 3I 1 " c ( +0-5 Castine 40 0.0io~ Cornish I 4 + r ( 3r~ Salem 43 years. New Bedford.~.58 Constant Reduction -0 5~ Saem, as.Cambridge so +0-o.4 Salem, Mass. ~Boston. 32'C —I. I Fort Independence 25 0 -o7 Providence 34 -o. 6 Montreal 27 years. Second series, 5 Constant Reduction -o'. 3 Third i g 9 +0~7 M~ontreal., Can- Fourth. 5 +O. ~9 Sixth''4 +C-I.2 St. Martin Io +o. 6 New Haven, Conn. New Haven 85 Years. Toronto, Can. Toronto. 31 years. 1Flatbu~sh.. 3 9 years. New ork. Y. Fort Columb~us..48 ic Constant Reduction -o'0.6 Fort Hamilton 26 cc -0~ New York 2 2 cc 0.7. Philadelphia, series Nos. 8o, 8i, 83 Of general table - 30 years. Philadelphia, series No. 82 of gen'l tabl 2o'C Constant Reduction -55 0. Philadelphia, series No. 87 of gen'l table 40 0-5C t +~ Morrisville, series No. Philadelphia, Pqnn. 65 of general table to i847 57 +0 e e I~ Morrisville, series No. 65 of general table, i849 to 1870 -'L tr I 3-3~ Gertmantown, series No. 40 of gen'l table 15 +Cte-2. 2 OF THE ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE. 0 Savannah 25 years. Savannh, Ga.Augusta Arsenal,. 2 2 Constant Reduction+-20-3 Augusta 6 I + 2.7 Oglethorpe Barracks 1 2 -0. 9 — 0~ Fort Brooke, Fla. Fort Brooke 27 years. Cincinnati 45 years. Marietta 46 Constant Reduction -20.1 Cincinnati, Ohio 4 College Hill 47 +2 e - 3. Portsmouth I 2 -O. I For Sellng Min. Fort Snelling. 42 years. Fort Selling Minn. St. Paul 8 11 Constant Reduction 3-i0,9 Muscatin, Iowa IMuscatine. 26 years. 2 Fort Madison 2 Constant Reduction -3'0~4 St. Louis, Mo. iJefferson Barracks 32 Constant Reduction -o'. i Ft. Lealvenworth Kan. For Leavenwtorth Ct 40 years..7 LavenorthCity 5 Constant Reduction 3-i0.6 Fort Gibson, Indian Fort Gibson.. 2 9years. Territory..- Fort Towson.. i6 Constant Reduction -r'.2 jFort Washita I. 5 " r cr, Fort Jesup, La. Fort Jesup 23- years. Alcatraz Island 7 years. Angel Island 3 C' Constant Reduction -i'.o San Francisco, Cal. FotPit 0 Presidio i 8 + I c - ~ San Francisco ii1 0.0 On the whole the constant reduction deduced by a rigorous method and applied to each separate series to refer to the central station, answered well enough, yet there were indications, when the severxll series were thus brought side by side, of deviations from constant reduction for some consecutive years, which imperfections may Ilave been produced by a change of thermometer, a change in the location of the instrument, or a change of observing hours; in the latter case, it would indicate an imperfect correction for daily variation. 306 DISCUSSION OF THTE SECULAR VARIATION Brunswick, Salem, Mrass. Mont real, New Haven, Toronto, Can. New York. Philadelphia, M~e. I Can. Con. N. Y~. Pa. C- V- 4th or. C. VL 4Lth or. C- VII. 4th or. C. I. 8th or. C- L 4Lth or. C. IV- 4th or. I C. VIL 4Lth or, 1750........................... ~~ I ~~ II ~~ ~~ I ~~ I ~~ I751................................. ~~ ~~ I ~~~ II ~~ ~~ 1752....................................II ~~ I ~~ I ~~ ~~ 1753.................................... II ~t ~~ II ~~ ~~ 1754.............................. ~~ ~~ I ~~ I ~~ I ~~ 175 5..............................~ II ~~ ~~ 1756.................................~~ II ~~~ I ~~ I ~~ ~~ I757.................................... t ~~ I ~~ ~~ ~~ 1758...,...,...,...................... 53.6 -- 1759..................,...... 52 I~~ 7 -— ~~ 5~~ 176o...... II... ~..............................~~~ I ~~ 176i...,................................... ~~ I ~~ I7]62....,...... I...... i ~ ~............,...,... 1763..............................~~ II ~~ ~~ ii ~~~ I ~ I764.............................. I765..............................~~~ II ~~ ~~ I ~~ I ~~ I 766.............................. ~~ )I ~~~ I ~~ ) ~~ I ~~ 1767.................................~~~ i ~~ I ~~ 1 53- 3 -- I 768..... I ~ I.~;.................. I ~...... 51.5 52.1 1769 ~........................~ II ~~ ~~...... SI8 52.0 I770......,..........,...............~... 52.0 52.0 I77I.................. ~~ ~~ I ~~ I ~~ I........ 5I.8 52.2 I772...... II...... II...... II ~~ I............I ~~... 52. 5 52.9 I773......,......,......,............II ~~ ~~ 54- 7 53- 5 1774......... ~~ I ~~ I ~......~ I... I.~ ~~ I ~ 52.9 53- 7 1775.....................i ~~ ~~ i ~~ I ~~........ 54.4 53-6 1776................. 53.5 53. 2 I777......~ i...... II.........~...............I ~~ 5I-0 -- 1'778.................................~~ I ~~ I ~~~ II ~~ ~~ I779..................................... I 7SO......... ~~......... 49.7 - - -............... ~ 1781...... 1150.2 1 — -...... 50.4 49.9.................. ~~ 1 782... - - - - - -I......~ 49. I 49. I......~~ I ~~ I ~~ I 783......~ i 50.4 - - -... 48.4 48.......~~...,...,.... I 784... - - - - - -...... ~~ 47.3 48...................~~ I785 - - - ~ I,...... 4~7.7 48-o......... ~~ I ~ I786..... 477 - -... 48.5 4S~3............... ~~ ~~ I787......~ 1 47-0 47. I...... 48.5 48- 7............... I788......~ i 47.0 47. I...... 49.7 49.0............II ~~ ~ 178c ~...... 46. 8 47-3......~ 49- 5 49. 2............~~ 119"90...... 47.6 47.8......~ 49- 5 49-............ ~~ 52.8 1791... ~~ 1 49.0 48.4...I~~ 49.5 49-3......... ~~ 53-7 53-0 1 792... I. 48. I 49.1.... 48. 2 49-3......... ~~ 52.0 52.9 I 793..... 5o.6 49.8 50~ I ~~ "3 49-3.........~~ 1 54.4 52. 6 I 794... ~~ 50.9 50- I..... 50.2 49-3.......... 5o. 6 52.1 1795......~ 1 49.7 49.4... - - --- 49.1............~ I ~~ 51.9 51.9 I 796......~ 47.6 48.3... I ~ 48.4 48-7... ~~ I ~~ ~ 52.2 52.0 I 797......~ 47- 3 47.8......~ 48.1 48.6...... 51.7 52. 3 1798......~ 48.4 48. o... ~ 49- 3 48.8 5 I ~~ ) ~~ I ~ 53~ 5-,- 6 I799......~ 47-9 48-3... ~~ 48.4 49.2......... ~~ 52. 4 525. 7~ I Soo......~ I 49.I- 48.9...... i 50.2 49.8....... 526 3. I801...,... 49.6 49.4......~ 51.0 50-3..... 52.9 5. 2 I802 I.. I.. Il50.0 49.4 ~ ~ 5I-3 50- 5 5~ ~ I.. ~ 5~ 5;. I S03.. 49.2 49.0... 5 o. 8~ 50- 5............ 5 32 53-4 I' 04 ~ 47.5 48.6. ~ 49.8 50.4..... 531-1 52 9 i 805... 49.9 48.4..... 51- 7 50-3........... ~~ 52.1 52- 3 i 8o6..... 47.2 48...... 49- 7 SO- I............ ~~ 52.0 5I-9 1807 43.7 --- 47.2 47.7......~ 49. 2 49.9............ 5o. 6 5i.8 i So8 43-4 43-1 48.2 47.6... I ~~ 50. 3 49-7............ 53- r 5I-9 OF THE ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE.U 307 Brunswick, Salem, Mass.' Montreal, New Haven, Toronto, Can. New York, Philadelphia, ~Me. II II Can. Coil. N. Y. Pa. C. V. 4th or. IC. VI. 4th or. C. VII. 4th or.! C.I. 8th or. C.I. 4th or. C. IV. 4th or. C. VII. 4th or. o o o~~ I82o 43. 44.0 47.6 47.9.47. 52o2 4............8.0 52.4 IS2I 43.4 43'7 47. I 47.8...... 47.6 4S-3...... I... 5I-9 52'7 I822 44.0 43'5 48.9 47'7...... 49'7 48.6...... 53'2 --- 54.3 53'3 IS23 42.I 43.5 46.5 47.7 I...... 48. I 49.o...... 49.6 50.9 53-.6' 53-8 1824 44.3 44.2 48.3 48.2....... 49.9 49-4...... 5I-1 51.5 53.6 54. I IS25 46.0 45.2 49.6 48.9...... 50.7 49.7...... 53.4 52.I 55.2 54. 4 IS26 46.0 45.4 49.7 49.I 45.9 --- 49.7 49.8...... 52'5 52-2 54'8 54'5 IS27 44.0 48. I 48.9 43.5 44.8 48'9 49.9...... 5I'~ 52-o 53.2 54'5 IS28 4'. 9 45-5 49.5 48.7 46. I 45.2 5I.8 49.8...... 53.I 5I-q 56.98 543 IS29 44.9 45.6 47.9 4S.4 44.S 45.5 48. 7 49.7...... 50.8 51.8 52.I 53.6 183o 45.8 45.05 48.3 48.2 46.6 45.6 5~.8 49-5...... 52.9 51.7 53.2 52. 7 183I 45.9 45.0 48.6 48. I 45.6 45.1 49.2 49.0...... 50.7 5I.3 52.1 52.2 1832 43.4 44.2 47.4 47.9 43.5 44.2 47.7 48.5.......50.8 5o.8 51.4 52.0 I833 43.5 43.7 47.6 47.5 443.6 43.6 48.3 48.2...... 50.9 50.5 52.1 52.0 1834 44.0 43-4 47.7 47.0 43.8 42.9 4S.9 47.7...... 50.4 49.9 52-9 5I'8 IS35 43.2 42.9 46.3 46.2 41.7 41.7 46.6 47.0...... 48.8 4S.8 51.2 51.2 I836 4i.6 42.2 1 44.6 45.6 39.6 40.8 45.2 46.6...... 46.7 48. 1 49.3 50-7 I837 41.1 42. I 45.2 45.7 40'7 40.8 46'4 46.9... 48.5 48.4 5I.4 51.2 IS38 43.0 42.8 46.7 46.5 41.1 41.7 48'2 47.6...... 49.7 49.4 52.5 52'I I839 44.0 43-7 47,6 47.2 43.6 42.6 49.2 48.5... 50.5 50.2 52.9 52.6 1840 44.4 44.3 i430 49-0 49-0 47.5 - - 50 5 J4.'6 53-0 5 23 ~~~47.9 47.5 9 449.02 — 5.63.2 1841 45.1 44.5'47.2 47.6 43.2 43.0 49'5 49.1 43.9 43.8 5. 6 5I-0 52.3 52. 8 47.9~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 47542.8 2. 1842 44~~5 44-~2 47.9 47.5 42- 7 42.8 49-9 49-1 40.0 43.6 51.9 51.2 53.5 52.8 I843 43.4 443-5 46.8 47.5 42-5 42.6 47'4 49.1 42.4 43,6 50.9 51.3 52.2 53.0 I844 42.4 43.3 47.7 47.8 1 42.2 42.8 50'2 49.4 44.5 44.I 51-1 5I-5 53.4 53'4 1845 43.7 43.8 48.7 48.3 43.4.43.3 50.2 49.6 44.6 44.8 52. 7 5I.8 54.4 53'9 I846 45.6 44.4 48.9 48.6 44.8 43.6 50o. 49.6 4.6.4 45.0 5I-5 5I.8 54.2 54.1 1847 44.2 44.5 48.7 48.6 42.6 43.6 49.4 49.4 43.7 44.8 51.6 51.5 53.9 54.0 x848 44.6 44.3 48. 48.4 44.2 43.5 49'2 49. I 45. 44.6 51.4 x1.0 54.0 54.0 IS49 43.8 44.2 47.9 48.2 43.x 43.4 48.3 48.9 44.1 44.4 49'9 50.8 53.8 54. I 1850 44.4 44. I 48.0 48. 4 43.8 3 4 48.8 48.8 44-5 44.3 5I-x 51.o 54.8 54.2 I85I 43.7 44.! 47.8 48.0 I42.4 43.2 49.0 48.8 44.0 44.2 5P.6 51.2 54.5 54'3 I852 44.5 44. I 48.0 48.1 43x 5 43. I 48.8 48.9 43.8 44.2 51-3 51.3 53 37 54'4 1853 44.5 43.9 48.5 48. I 43.5 42.9 49.6 49.0 44.8 44.5 5x'8 5I.3 55.3 54.6 1854 42.7 43-8 47.9 47.9 42.1 42.5 49.3 4S.9 45.2 44-5 5Io 50.9 54.7 54'4 I855 44.3 43.8 47.9 47.5 142.2 42.0 49.0 48.5 44.0 43.8 50.3. 50.2 54.1 53'7 I856 43,6 43.8 46.4 47. 1.41.2 41.7 47.0 48. I 42.2 43.2 49.0 49.6 52'2 53'1 1857 44.2 43. 7 47.1 47. 1 41.7 41.5 47.5 47.9 42.8 433-3 49'3 49.5 52.8 53. I 1858 43.5 43.5, 47.4 47.2 i 4I.o 4I.6 48.3 48.0 44.8 4'3.9 5~'0 49.7 54.3 53.5 [i 1859!42.3 43.4 47.2 47.4 41.6 42.3 48.0 4S.3 44.2 44.2 5~.0 5o.I 53.7 53'7 IS60 44.8 43.6 48.2 47.7 44.4 4-3.2 4S. 6 48 7 44.3 44.3 50.7 5~.5 53.5 53.7 i.861 43.6 43.7 47.8 47.8 43.6 43.6 5o.I 49. I 44.2 44.3 51.2 50.9 54.I 53~ 1862 43.4 43. 7!47.8 47.9 i42.9 ---- 495 49.6 44.4 44.4 50'7 5I.I 53'2 53~ I863 43-9 44.0 48.4 48.0...... 50.0 49.8 44 44.6 44.5 51. 8 51.3 54.2 54'I 1864 44.7 44.5 47.6 48.2...... 49-9 5~.0 44.7 44.6 5I'4 5I.5 54.7 54.6 1865 45.5 44.8 49.8 4S.3...... 5~0 - 44.9 44.4 52'I 5I.3 55'6 54'9 i866 44.5 44.4 47.3 47.9............ 43-5 44.0 50'5 50.7 54.7 54.6 1867 43.3 43.8 47.7 47.4............. 43.8 43.7 50.2 50. 54.2 53.9 I868 43.0..... 46.0 47 3............ 433 3.6 48'7 5~-~ 52.7 53.7 I869 45.2 45.1 47.9 47.8............. 43.1 43.8 5o.4 50. 6 54.2 54.2 187o 47'0 - -'- 496 - - I............ 45.9 -' — - 52'9 -' — 55 9 - 308 DISCUSSION OF THE SECULAR VARIATIONN Charleston, Savannah, Ga.l Fort Brooke; Cincinnati, Fort Snelling, Muscatine, St. Louis, Mo. S. C. Fla. Ohio. Minn. Iowa. rJ C. IIL Lth or. C- IV. 4th or. CC. L 4th~ or. jC. IV. 4th or. C. IL 4th or. C- IL 4th or.. C. IL 4Lth or. 1730.............~ I ~~ - ~~ II ~~ ~~ II ~~ ~~ I ~~ I ~ 1731.................................I ~~ I ~~~~~~ ~~ 1732.................~~ )I ~~~ I ~...................~~ I ~~ I 733................................. ~~ I ~~ I ~ ~~ ~~ 1734....................................... I ~~~ I ~~~ I ~~ 1-735........................~II ~~ I ~~ II ~~ I ~~~~ I ~~ 1736... I......,...,...,.....................~ I ~~ 1737...........................~~ I ~~ I ~~ ~~ ~~ I ~C I 738 66.o - - -......r~ ~~..................~ ~~ 1739 64.8 64.9............ ~~............... II ~~~ ~~ I 74o 63-9 - - -.....................~~~ II ~~~ I ~~ i ~~ i ~~ 1741 - - - - - -........................~~ II ~~ I ~~ I 742 64.7...,...,...,...,......... ~ I ~ ~ i ~ ~ I 743 - - -.....................~ II ~~~ I ~~ ~~ I ~~ 1744 -— i ~~ ~~ ~~ I ~ ~.............................. 1745............~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ I ~~ II r~.............. I 746 - -...................................... ~~ 1747 - - -....................................~~ I ~~ 1748 - - -...,...........................II ~~ ~~ 1749 ---..............................~ II ~~ I ~~ 1750 64.6 - - -...........................I ~~ II ~~~ ~~ I75i 66-3 66.o...,...,..,..................... I ~ I752 66.9 66.5 ~~ I ~~ I ~ ~ I ~~ I ~~ I ~ ~ I ~~ I ~~ I ~ ~ 1753 66.4 66-5......I ~~ ~~ ~.........~ I ~~ I ~ ~~ I ~ 1754 67.4 66. o.........,,..................... I ~~ I755 63.2 65- 5......~ ~~........................ I ~~ 1756 66.6 65-3..... I,......,.......,............. 1 75 7 65-3 65-1........................~~ ~~~ II ~~ ~~ I758 63-9 64-5...... I... I.................... I ~~ I ~~ 1759- 64-7 - - -...............~ I ~~ I ~~ II ~~ I ~~ I76o....................................~ ( ~~ II ~~~ ~~ 176i.....................................~~ ~~~~~~ ~~ 1762... I...............................~ I ~~ I ~~ 17b3............................. ~~ ~~~ I ~~ ~~ I ~~ 1764.......................................I ~~ I ~~~ I ~~ 1765....................................~ I ~~ ~~~ I ~~ 1766...,........................ ~~ I ~~ I ~~ ~~ II ~~ I ~~ 1767...,....................................~~ ~~~~~~ ~~ 1768...,.............................. I ~~ ~~ ~~ 1769......................~~............. ~~ I ~~ I ~ 1770.................................~ ~~ ~~~~~~ ~~ 1771........................ I ~~ ~~ I )~ ~~ II ~~ ~~ 1 172..........................................~ II ~~ I ~~ 1773 ~~ I ~~ I...... ~ I........................~ ~~ I ~~ I ~~ 1774......~ I..................... ~~ ~~ ~~ I ~~ II ~~ I ~~ 1775......~ I...... II............ I.........~~ ) ~~ I ~~ I ~~ 1776.......................................~ I ~~ II ~~ ~~ 1777...I~~ I...... II...........................~ ( ~~ 1778....................................... ~~~ I ~~ ~~~ I ~~ 1779 ~~ I ~~ I...... I...... i...... ~ i......................~~ 1780.......................................... I ~~ ~~ I ~~ 1781....................................II ~~~ ~~~~~~ ~~ 1782...,.................................~~ I ~~ I ~~ ~~ 1783.................................... ~~ II ~~ ~~ I784...... I............... ~~ )I ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ I ~~ I ~ 1785...... II...... II...... II.....................I ~~ ~~ 1786......... I..... I........ I......I........ I.........~ 17S7.......... I... II...... II........................~~ I ~~ T'7 5Z R I ~~ I ~ I ~~ ~ J ~~ ~ i ~~ ~ t ~ ~! ~ ~ OF TFIE ATMOSPHERICI TEMPERATURE. 309 Ch-arleston, Savannah, Ga. Fort-Brookte, Cincinnati, Fort Snelling, Muscatine, St. Louis, Mo. S. C. 1 Fla. Ohio. Minn. Iowa. C. IIL 4th or. C- IV- 4th or. C. I. 4th or. C -IV - 4th or.l C - I I -4th or. C. II L 4t1 r. C - I I 4th or. 0 0 1 0 0 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O I Soo....................................~ I ~~ II ~~~ I ~ 1803 ~.................Il ~~.~................~~ I ~~ I S024.......................................~~ I ~~ II ~~~ ~~ So6.... I... i......1 54.1 1 - - -.........I ~ I ~~ I ~ IS07.........~....... I ~~ 1 54.4 54.8...... ~~ I ~~ I ~ ~ 1808............... I ~~ 156-4 55-1...............I~~~ o~ I S09............... r~ t~~ 54-4 54- 7............ ~~~ ~~ Ism.......;1........... 52.8 54.4..................~~ i ~~ ISI I...... I........... 56. 6 54.3... ~ I ~ ~ I ~ ~ Ig2 S12..!..........I... 52.6 53-8......I~~ ~~ I ~~ I ~ ISI3..................~ I ~~ 52.7 53- 5......I~~ ~~ I ~~ I ~ ISI4...............I ~~ ~~ 54-~3 5 3 ~~ 7............... I ~~ ISI5.......,.,...,... 54-0 53.7..................~~ I ~~ i8i6...,...,....,...,... 53- 3 53.4...... i...,...,...,. IS17.........~ I ~ I ~ ~ 52- 7 53.5..................~~ I ~~ IS IL 8...~~.........~ I ~~ I 54-~I1 54.2...............I ~O ~~ I8I9...,... 64.6...,... 56-3 54.9..................~~ I ~~ 1820.... - - - - - -... ~~ 54-8 54.8 43.0 ---.........~ ~~ IS21 7..., - i... 53-5 54.5 ii42.9 43-:2............~~ 1822...... - - -......~ 55-3 54.5 43.7 43.3............~~ 1823 64.2 -- 1 ~ ~ -1 54-0 54.6 43.4 43.5...... II ~~ I ~~ 1824 66.4 65.9 -...... 55-0 54-9 1(42.8 44. 2......... ~~ 1825 66.77 66.8 -/ -- - -- 72.0 - - - 55-4~1 55.2 47-1 455~0......... ~ 1826 67.9 67.5 69.4 72.9 72.9 55- 7 55.6 44.4 45.3............~~ 1827 66.9 67.9 68- 7 69. I 7 3.8 73-1 55-8 55.8 Il45-7 45.5... 5.8 - - - IS28 7o. 6 63. I 69. 7 67- 7 73-5 72.9 57-( 55~'7 46.0 45.7......~ 58. 7 57-8 1329 65-4 67.9 6.,;.5 66.5 71.2 72-4 53-8 55.0 45-3 45.8..... 55.0 56.6 1830 ~9~7 ~6'7 67.9 65.8 72.6 7I9 5~ 4I 4~ 56...... 5 -0 55-3 183 I 65- 66- 5 64. I 65- 8 71-0 - - - I 51-4 53.6 42.4 45.1...... 5o.6 54.4 IS32 65- 7 65-8 66.o 66-3 - -.. 54-4.53~9 45.4 45.3...I~~ 55.6 54.8 1833 65.6 65.6 67.8 66.9 -.. 54-9 54.4 47.5 46.1... ~~ 56.9 55- 5 1-334 66. 2 65- 5 68.o 66.6 -i - -1... 55.2 53- 9 46.7 45.5...... 55.7 55.0 I835 63- 7 - - - 644. 5 65-4 - - 51-7 52.8 43.0 44.1......~ 52.8 53.9 1336 64.4 64.4 ---... 51.7 52.2 42-5~ 43-1..... 53.2 53~44 IS 37 - 63- 5 63.9... 53.0 52-4 43.6 43.30...... 54.~I1 53.5 0S38 --- 63-3 63~9 rj70~ I - - 521 52 -9 z~ 41.3 4j. 5... I ~~ 52-7 53.7 IS-9 -- -- 64- 7 64-44 7i.6 70.9 54. 6 53.6 46.8 44.4 51-3 --- 54.6 54.1 18 40 66. -- 64.9 64.9 70-5 70-9. 54.1 54-0 44.4 44.6 49.1 49.0 54.4 54-5 1841 65.6 65- 5 65.3 65.2 71.2 70.9 54.1 54-0 43.9 44-0 46- 5 47.5 54.9 54.9 1842 64- 7 65.4 65.5 65.5 71.2 70-8 54. 3 53.6 42.8 42.7 47-3 46.3 56. 2 54.9 183 65.7 65.6 66.o 65- 7 70-3 70- 7 Il51.7 53- 5 ~ 39.9 42.0 4~ 6 5.. 66. I 66.o 66. I 65-7 70-4 70-7 54. 9 53-9 42.7 43.1 47- 7 46.6 5 5~ 1845 66. 2 66.2 65-3 65.6 70.6 70.9g 54.1I 54-5 45-8 44.9 47-3 47.2 56. 7 56.o 1846 66.9 66-3 65.2 65- 5 71.6 7I-3 55.8 54.6 4S. 3 45.3 48.6 46.6 56.7 55.8 IS47 65.8 66-3 65-5 65-8 71- 7 72.0 53.5 1 54-4 41.9 43-9 43.2 45-5 53-8 54-9 IS48 666 66.4 66.6 66. I 72.8 72.8 54.4~ 54.2 4.2.6 42.8 45-5 45.2 54-44 54- 5 1849 66.44 66.6 66.3 66-4 74-4 73-4 53.8 54.2 42.3 43-0 45-5 45.8 54.1I 54.6 1S5o 67.2 6.6.6 67-o 66.4 73- 5 7"- 1 54.2 5~ 137 ~-0 4. 4~ 52 5~ jS5i 66. 3 66-5 65.8 66. 7I-3 72.4 54. 6 54-3 46. 7 44.6 47.6 47. I 55-5 55-2 1852 66- 66 -4 66. I 65.9 72.0 72. I 54.3 54.6 43.8 44.2 46.7 47- 5I 55.1 55- 5 1853 66. 3 66. 2 65-4 65-9 73-0 72.1 54.44 55-0 42.3 43.6 47-8 48. 2 55- 7 56.o 1854 66 65-9 66-4 65-8 71-5 7 —7 56.8 55.2 44.8 43- 5 50-5 48-3 57.9'56.o I855 65-4 65-1 65-8 65~4 70-9 7/I.2 55.0 54.6 43.2 43.2 47.2 47:61 54.8 55-0 IS56 63-7 64.4 64-4 64.9 70-7 70- 7 52.3 53-8 42-4 42-3 45-2 45.t 52~44 53-8 6-5 6.6 64~4 63-9 65.0 70-5 - - - 53. I' 54~~0 41.1 I - -1 44-1 45-3 53-3 54.0 iItg 65.8 65.o 0 66.i 66. o q,.. 6.i I qi 11 o 47. 4 I 46.o I 0- I 5~ 310 DISCUSSION OF THE SECULAR VARIATION Fort Leavenworth, Kan. Fort Gibson, Indian Ter. Fort Jesup, La. San Francisco, Cal. C. II. 4th or. C. III. 4th or. C. I. 4th or. C. V. 4th or. o o, o o o o o o 1820........................ 18'21......... 673...... I8242............ 4...... 1825............ 67-37 68.5.... 1824............ 69.2 6S.4...... I825............ 67.7 68.5..... 1826............ 68.9 68.6...... I827.......... 69.I 68.4...... 1828...... 63.0.o --- 68.I 67.6...... 1829...... 60.9 62.3 65.I 66.2...... 1 830 56.6 - - 64.6 6I.6 66.4 65. I...... I83I 49.8 52.4 57.7 60. 7 62.6 64.8...... 1832 53-4 53-I 61.3 60. 5 66.0 65-5...... I833 55 5 53.6 6i. 1, 60. 7 67.I 66.4...... I834 52.4 52.8 61.5 60.3 67.5 66 I...... I835 51.7 51.5 58. I 59.6 64.o 65.0...... 1836 48.7 5I.0 59.0 59-5 63.7 64.4...... I837 52.9 51.4 60.8 59 7 65.I 64.6...... I838 5 I.I 52.0 58.I 60.0 64.2 65.4...... 1839 53.6 52.2 61.9 60.3 67-3 66.4...... 1840 5I.4 52.0 60.5 60.4 67.8 66.6...... 1841 5I.2 5I.6 59.I 60.3 65.I 66. I...... I842 52.8 51.4 61.6 60.3 66.4 65.7...... 1843 49.0 51.4 59-3 60.5 64.3 65- 5...... I844 52.7 52.3 6I.5 60.8 66 3 65-7...... I845 54-8 53.6 61.4 61.1 65.7 - - -...... I846 55.3 53.3 6I.5 60.7........... I847 49-8 52.I 59-I 60.0............ I848 5I.7 5I.7 59.6 59.6............ I849 52.2 5I.9 59.5 59-9............ 1850 52.0 52.2 60.4 60.2.......... I185I 53.2 52.3 61.4 60.3...... 58.5 - - 1852 5I.5 53.0 59-0 60 I...... -- 57.8 1853 53-I 53.9 60.I 60.3...... 57.2 57.7 1854 55-9 54.1 6I.8 6o.6...... 56.3 57.3 1855 54-3 53.4 60.4 60.1...... 57.8 56.8 1856 50.0 52.4 58.4 59-0...... 56.3 56.6 I857 52.2 52.6 58.7...... 56.8 56.2 I858 55.3 53.6............ 55 7 55 7 I859 52.9 54.3............ 54.9 55.4 I860 56.0 54.4............ 55-4 55.2 I86I 54.0 54.0............ 55 5 55.2 1862 52.7 53I.1.......... 54.7 55-2 I863 52.9 52.7............ 55.2 55-3 I864 52.0 52.6............ 56.3 55.4 I865 53.5 52.5 ~............ 54.8 55-5 IS66 52.0 52.3........... 55.4 55.6 I867 5I.8 52.0............ 56'3 55-9 I868 52.1 52.0............ 55-3 56.3 I869 5I.3 52.2............ 58.0 57.2 1870 1 54.1 - - -......,... 57-6 The character of the secular variation in the mean annual temperature, as exhibited on the accompanying plate, is that of a series of irregular waves representing a succession of warmer and colder periods, durirhif which, ]however, the mean temperature d.eviates only about one or two degrees, in excess or defect, from its normal value. Irrespective of the minor irregularities, which hlave to sorne extent been eliminated, some of the single progressions appear quite systemnatic; thus, for instance, at New Haven, the temperature steadily declined fiom 1802 to 1817, it then increased till 1827, after which it again decreased, reaching a decided minimum in 1836. These undulations, when compared for a number of stations exposed to similar climatological conditiolls, aplproach to parallelism over large tracts of country, and exhibit collsiderable uniformity in their general character; ,1740 1750 1760 1770 1780 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 IS50 16 80 18 46-Brunswiajj~~,l II 42?149 Mmen, Macss. I C48 47. 45 4 6 43Xontreal, CaZc (4 41 5 48E ~Toronto, C~l. m. Ct-H4.Yew Rork;,c,9 P7~i~ndcl2~7Li50 54~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~5,53~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Cic~nti ~to~5 Charkston, C.in nsttuio~l 66~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 &vannak, Ga. 65 Sa-t Lu~, Mo 5 64 — ~ ~ ~ ~ i 4cll5 =4~~~~~~~~~~~Fr~aewoti.i~.5 Cinci nsuatiL. Ohio 5 Fort Brooke,, ShotMay185. 56~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~24 [Smithsonian Institution.]~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i K 90~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 1760 1770 1780 ___ 17'30 11:: 1500 -8 42 1 l30 80~ 14 8U 8017 10~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~oface CURVES OF OF THE ATMOSPHE RIC'TEMPERATU TRE. 311, thus from Mlaine to Georgia these waves are of a broad and well-defined shape, as at N~ew Haven, but they become somewhat charged in their appearance over the vast area watered by the Mlississippi and its tributaries; here the undulations become more narrow and numerous, as at Fort Snelling. The change from one formr into the other is very gradual, and with an increase of the geographical distances some of the old features become obliterated and new ones miake tlieir appearance. The curvc for Cincinnati, for instance, partakes of an intermediate, character between the eastern or Atlantic type and that of the MPississippi basin. On our western coast, as might have been exvpected, a new feature is developed, subject perhaps to less irregularities than in anly other part of the country, and for this reason well suited for tile study of the proximate causes whicli determine its laws. The curve for San Francisco is presented as a type for the Pacific coast. The remarkably cold epoch about 1837 with cold years preceding and following is common to all stations represented between the Atlantic coast and the eastern flank of the Rocky nlountains, and the. exceptionally warm period about 1827 perhaps exttended likewise over a very larcye area. There is nothing in these curves to countenance the idea -of any permanent changye in the climate havingr taken place, or being about to take place; in the last 90 years of thermometric records, the mean temperatures showino, no indication whatever of a sustained r~ise o-r~ fall. TIhe samie conclusion was2 reached in, the d~iscussion of the secular change in the Rtain-Fall, which appears also to have remained permanent in amount as well as in annual distribution. The degree of parallelism of the curves is sufficiently close to warrant an additional consolidation of results for a few characteristic stations, for further study; one typical curvre will be given for the Atlantic coast and another for the Mlississippi -valley. The first is composed of the loncr series of mean annual temperatures at Brunswick, Me., Salem, Mi~ass., New Haven, C'onn., and Philadelphiaz, Penn., to re-present dulring 91 years the type of the secular chancre for those eaLstern States which are situated between the Atlantic and the Allecrhany nlountains. These four series are unbro~ken between 1807 and 1865, and for these 59 years the individual means are set down, as in the table below; to reduce those values which lie outside of these limits to uniformity, the 59 differences for each series fr~om the mean series were formed, and the respective mean difference applied as redu ctions; they are, for Br~unswicki +40.5, for Salem +00.6, for New H'aven — 00.4, and for Philadelphia -4'.7. After this the means were taken for each of these years, except for the years 17SO, 1783, 1784, and 178;5, which are covered by one series only. 312 DISCUSSION OF THE SECULAR VARIATION Table of consolidated mean annual temperatures at Brunswick, Salem, New Haven, and Philadelphia..0 I 3 4 5 6 7 t 9 078 1780 49.3 50.4 48.7 49.5 46.9 47 3 48.2 47.9 48-5 | 48.3 I 790 48.5 49.2 47.9 50.3 49. I 48.7 47.9 47-5 48.9 48. I I 800 49. I 49.7 5 o 5 49.6 48.6 49.7 48. I 47. 7 48.7 47.5 I8Io 48.4 49. 2 46. I 47.9 48.0 47. 2 46.4 46.7 47.8 49.0 I820 47.9 47 5 49.2 47.6 49.0 50.4 5~ ~ 48.6 5I.2 48.4 I830 49.5 48.9 47 5 47.9 48.4 46.8 45. 2 46. o 47.6 48.4 I840 48.6 48.5 48.9 47-5 48.4 49.3 49.7 49.0 49. 2 48.5 i85o 49.0 48.8 48.8 49.5 48.7 48.8 47.3 47.9 48.4 47.8 | 86o 48.8 48.9 48.5 49. Ij 49.2 5 o0 2 49. 0 48.5 47.4 49. 2 x87o 5x.o General mean, 48.52. -From the preceding table we form the successive means of the 4th order, as follows: 0 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9' I. 0 40 I8Io~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~[ 80 ~~~ (4.6) 49. 2 48.5 47.8 47.6 47.7 48. o 48.2 48.4 1790 o0 48.7 49.0 49. 2 49.6 48.6 48. I 48. I 48.3 48.6 i 80O 49.1 49.5 49.8 49.6 49. 2 48.9 48.5 48.2' 48. I 48. I i8Io 48. I 48.0 47.6 47-5 47.4 47 2 46.8 47. I 47.7 48. I I 820 48.1 48. 2 48.3 48.5 49.0 49.6 49.8 49.7 49.6 49.4 I 830 49.1 48.6 48. I 47.8 47.5 46.8 46. 2 46.4 47.3 48. I I840 48.4 48.5 48.4 48.3 48.6 49.0 49.3 49. 2 49'0 48.9 I850 48.8 48.8 48.9 49.o 48.8 48.4 48. I 48. o 48. I 48.3 I 860 48 5 48.7 48.9 49 493 49.4 49 485 48.4 (49.2) z87o i~~~~~~~~~eea _ea, i852 Also the following table of differences from the mean 48~.5, a + sign indicating a warmer, a sign a coider year than the normal one. i 1lolwl t:l I I l 1 1 11 67 8 9 I I780 | - +II- | +0o7 | 0.0 |-0-.7 — 0.9 — 0.8 | -0.5 | -0 3 -| O.I 790 |+o. I +0.2 +0- 5 +0.7 +o. 6 +o. I -0.4 -.4 -0 4 2 +0. I i 8oo | +o.6 | i.0 +I-3 +I.' +0.7 +o.4 | o.o / -0.3 -4o —.4 I8I0 -O.4 |/ -O.9 - I. | -I I- -1-3 1 -.7 | -1-.4 |*o-8 -0.4 I820 |-0-.4 |-0.3 - 0.2 O.O +-O.| +I-I. +I-3 | +-2 +II - +0~9| I 830 n +-~6 | +-~ -O —~ 4A -o.7 - I.) —.I7 | -2'3 -2.I | -I.2 -0.4 | I840 |8 -8 0-4 I8 | ~.I|-0.2|+.6 I | 0- 5 9 49 +o l+ l+ 51+ 4 19 I850 1 +~.3 l+o.3 1+~ 4|+o05 +o. 3 | o. I | — o 4 I o-s — o. _ [ 86o [ o.o [+. I8~ +o4 +.6 [~ +o.8 [ ~ +~ 9 I q- o~o /8~ o (o/-o — o7 The use of this table fo r o btaining the no rmal annual temperature from a single year or from few years of observation is obvious; we have only to apply the tabullar quantity with its sign reversed as a correction to the mean (observed) temperature of each year 0 PO THE ATMOSPTHERIC TEMPERATIURE. 313 The second type-curve is made up from the stations: Fort Snelling, Minn.,:iuscatine, Iowa, St. ]Louis, Mil~o., Fort Leavenworth, IKan., and Fort GibsonIndian Ter. Th'lese series have 19 years in common (1839 to 1857 inclusive), for each of which the means from the five values were set clown, the observed annual temperatures for years before and after were first referred to the same mean series by the reductions +-~.9, +-4~.7, —3~.2, 0~.8, and -8~.6 to the stations respectively (these numbers were deduced front comparisons of each series with every other). We have the following tables:Table of consolidated mean annual temperatures at Fort Snelling, Muscatine, St. Louis, Fort Leavenworth, and Fort Gibson.. z 2 3 4 5 7 9 i 820 50.9 50-8 51.6 5I.3 50.7 55.0 52.3 54'6 54.6 52. 4 I830 55 -6 48.9 52.7 54. I 53- I 50.2 49-7 5I-7 49-6 53.6 I840 52.0 5I.I 52.I 49.0 52.I 5 3. 2 54.1I 49.6 50.8 50 7 I850 51.7 52.9 51.2 51.8 54.2 52.0 49.5 49.9 53. I 5I.7 86o 53.7 53. 2 5I.9 5I.7 51.7 52.8 51.o i 51.3 51.4 50o.6 {87o 53.6:..... _ General mean, 5I.95. From the above table we derive the following successive means of the 4th order:= 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 I820 - -_ - (51-.I) 51.3 5I.4 52.0 53.0 53.6 53 9 53.9 53.6 i830 52.9 52.1 52.3 52.9 52.3 51.I 50.5 50.7 5I.4 52. I I840 52. I 5.6 51.I 5I.o 5I.8 52.6 52.4 5I.3 50.8 5I.0 I850 5I.6 5I.9 52. I 52.3 52.5 51.8 50.7 50.8 5I.8 52.5 I860 52.8 52.7 52.2 5I.9 5I.9 5I.9 5I.5 51.3 5I.3 (5I.6) x87o Table of differences from the mean 52~.0. o 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 xI820 o --- (_0.9) — 0.7 — 0.6 o.o -+I o -I.6 - +-I. 9 | +-i.9 +-.6 I830 +0o9 - oo.I +0.3 |+.9 +o. 3 — o.9| -— I.5 — I.3 — o-6 +-o.I I840 + —. I -- 0.4 — 0.9 _ — I.o — o.2 |+o.6 +0.4 — o. 7 i — I.2 i — I.o I850 — 0.4 — o. I +-~oI +0.3 +0 5 -- 0.2 — I.3 — I.2 — 0.2 1 +0.5 186o -F~' 8 q- o.7 q- o.2 —. — O~ o. I' -o. x — o.5 5 — o. 7 — o. 7 (-o. 4) x87o - _ [Th-is table can be used to obtain normal temperatures at places in the 31ississippi valley, as explained above.] 40 JUNE, I875. 314 DISCUSSION OF THE SECULAR VARIATIO ION These differences from the normal values have been thrown into curves, and are given, together with the exlibit of the relative frequency anld amoulnt of solar spots, in thle bottom line of the accompanying plate; the Atlantic type-curve is shown heavy, the Mississippi type-curve dotted, and the sun-spot curve by a zigzag line, according to Prof. R. Wolf's numbers.l The distinguishing features, as described above, of these two type-curves appear well marked, the longer waves of the Atlantic stations show: Principal maxima in 1802 1826 1846 1865 and principal minima in 1785 1816 1836 1857 the average interval being about 22 years; the shorter waves of the interior states S]lov:Principal maxima in 1827 1833 1839 1845 1854 1860 and principal minima in 1831 1836 1843 1848 1856 1867 the average interval being about 7 years. These undlulations, however, are not sufficiently regular nor sufficiently distinct, being mixed with subordinate fluctuations, to serve as a basis of prediction; all that can be claimed for them is a general exponent of the character of the secular change. Comnparisona of the secuclai- variation of tae temnperaturwe with tle vanrations in the freqzcency of tle solacr spots.-It is evident, from the preceding statements respecting the average duration of successions of warmer and colder years, that no intimate relation appears to esist between the two phenomena-tbey seem to lave no feature in common, the sull-spot period of about 11 years is not systematically followed by any of the temperature waves; the c]:hief characteristic of connection, that of equality of average periods, being wanting, we necessarily have coincidence, viz., greater development of sun-spots correspondling to greater cold, as for the years between I810 and 1822, as well as opposition, viz., a greater development of sun-spots during a time of increased heat, as for the years 1799 to 1806, and in general we have phases of the two curves presented in all possible combinations. If we consider the small difference in the radiating energy of the surface of a spot and of the unbroken surface of the sun, as well as the comparatively small collective area of 1 Prof. Wolf's relative numbers of sun-spots; from Astronomische Nachrichten, NTos. 1978 (March, 1874) and No. 2014 (Nov. 1874), those prior to 1759 from his " Mittheilungen." o I 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 1740 63.8 175o 68.2 40.9 33.2 23.1 13.8 6.0o 8.8 30.4 38.3 48.6 1760 48.9 75.0 50.6 37.4 34.5 23.0 I7.5 33'6 52.2 I08.3 I770 79.4 73.2 49.2 39.8 47.6 27.5 35.2 63.0 94.8 90.2 I780 72.6 67.7 33.2 22.5 5.0 21.2 68.6 Io4.8 Io7.8 IIo.7 I790 84.4 53.4 47.5 40.2 34.3 22.3 I5.I 7.8 4-4 IO.2 I8oo I8.5 38.6 57.8 65.0 75.0 50.0 25.0 I5.o 7.2 3.4 i8io 0.0 1.2 5.4 I3.7 20.0 35.0 45.5 43.5 34. I 22.5 I820 8.9 4.3 2.9 I.3 6.7 I7.4 29.4 39.9 52'5 53.5 I83o 59.I 38.8 22.5 7.5 II.4 45.5 96-7 III.O 82.6 68.5 1840 5I.8 29.7 I9.5 8.6 I3.o 37.0 47.0 79.4 I00.4 95.6 I850 64.5 6I.9 52.2 37.7 I9. 2 6.92.6 5~9 964 I860 98.6 77.4 59.I 44.0 46.9 30.5 I6.3 7.3 37.3 73.9 I870 I39.I I II.2 IOI.7 66.3 I~~~~~ I I1. 1l|1 1 1 OF THE, T.MOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE. 315, the spott~ed surface as contrasted with the whole sun, the failure, in the detection of any close relationship between the annual changes of spots and of terrestrial temperature (as examined by the corn.paratively crude process of annual means) should not be surprising, unless there should be connected with these solar disturbances some: other less direct cause producing changes of radiation. Still it) is very desirable to follow up the subject by further comparisons of the American results with those obtained on the Eastern Continent, and especially with results from stations in the Southern Hemisphere.' Compari3on, of the secullar varia-ition in the tempelratzre andci the rainz-fall, in~ the~ Unlited States.-T'lhe data for the annual rain-fall are taken from p. 154 of my memoir on the Rain-Fall (Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledg~e, No. 222; WVashington, Mlay, 1872), from which groups I and IV have been selected as representative stations of the same climatological conditions to which the temperatuzre types I and II refer. The fourth order of successive means are tabulated below; these proportional numbers have already been charted oil p. 157 of the RainFall Memooir. The average annual amount of rain deduced fr~om the whole series is put equal to 100. Secular variation in the Rain-~Fall, sea-coast, ~Mai~ne to VTirginia. 0 I 2 3 4 6 79 i8oo --- --- --- - - (94) 96 I02 io6 101 i8io 94 96 ior I04 I03 97 92 go 87 87 i820 9 96 9 89 gi 96 I02 io8 I830 III i o8 104 99 94 gi go go 93 98 i840 I03 1 05 io6 I03 98 96 3100 1102 99 I00 i85o I05 i o6 I05 105 102 98 98 I02 io6 I08 i86o io8 io8 III II0 io6 104 (IO7) Secular change in the Bain-Fall, Ohio Valley, Ohio, Indianza, Illinois, Ke~-ntucky, and Part of 2MissouCri. Ir I~0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 18 0 — -- - - - (96) Is20 9; Ioo II05 I07 I 04 1q 03 I03 972~ ~ i83o 95 I IO 102 97 93 93 93 89 84 86 i840 92 95 98 99 I00 I04 II0 114 II3 I10 i85o io6 I02 971 93 93 94 93 99 lo9 log i86o I03 Iol 99 95 93 97 0I03) 316 DISCUSSION OF THE SECULAR VARIATION On the annexed diagram, the upper pair of curves refer to stations on the Atlantic coast, the lower pair to stations in the Mlississippi valley; the heavy lines represent the secular change in the temperature, the light ones that of the rain-fall. Though the connection between the changes of temperature and rain-fall is not, in detail, any way conclusive, yet ill general following out the larger waves, there seems to be some ground for concluding that years with a mean temperature above the normal have a rain-fall above the normal or average amount, and years deficient in the mean temperature present also a deficiency in the rain-fall. That tllis apparent law is not expressive in the minor undulations may be explained by the small number of stations contributing infoirmation to both temperature and rain-fall, and thus admitting the presence to some extent of local peculiarities; yet it cannot be overlooked that there is some similarity in the general character of the two phenomena; further comparisons, however, are desirable. 1 1 aL — o>sX3-0 1 81 -0 _ | _ 1_80 -1 J E.8 [4I I I I I I I i l l -r I {',PIT'~0 lolo~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Y~~ I IIL In explanation it may be remarked,-thlat the greater the heat of the air, the greater the amount of vapor it can hold, hence the greaterthe capacity for precipitation as well as for evaporation. Cornpcerisonz of the tscts~lar xceriatsrn in tthe temperature faith the cvercage ccaqMztcx direction of tl, e uind. —The following numbers have been extracted from? p. 42 of my discussion of the Meteorological Observations' at Brunswick, Maine, made by Prof. P. Cleaveland; they give the deflections in degrees, +- to the north (increasing azimuth), - to the south (decreasing azimuth), from the mean assumed direction of the wind x - 101~, counted like azimuths from the south around by west to 360~. o! 2 3 4~ 5 67.8 F Ad I I I I I - I I8Io + q- o - 6 -- 7 --- 6 -- 8 -- 8 -Jr- 4 +20 1820 "- 28 +25 | +13 -+ 8 +16 +22 +I9 +13 +- 9 +I| I830 n+ 5 -- 5 -- 2 -J+ 3 + 4 + — 6 -+- I -- 6 -9 — _5 I840 I — 8 — 14 — 9 — I2 — I2 — I2 — IO — II — 7 -- 5 1850 -- 7 -- 9 — II — 15 | —1 a.t g — II t -he-I3 oI --- 1 Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, No. 204; Washington, June, 1867. OF THE ATMOSPHERIC TEAMPEBIATURE. 317 Tile table below contains the deflections from the normal direction of the wind x _ 68' at Mlarietta, Ollio, talken from p.'06 of my discussion of the Ieteorological I I~~~~~~~~(~ Observationsl at MIarietta, made by Dr. S. P. Hildreth. 0' 2 3 4 5 66 7 1 I830 1-8 +Ir I -- I +20 +20 +I3 +I4 +2-I +I9 + 2 I840 o + 8 0 -Io -II I -2 -23 -35 -34 -25 850 -22 _- - -20 I + 7............. 0 A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ac F ~ ~ ~~~~ i' I " III I I' I " 1'' I'Ih.,1 CUO -1-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 C~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C =;The temperature at Marietta closely follows this type.:'o interp~ret the above diap-rams correctly, the true relcation betlveen the seculaz chla(T~e, as shlown. by a succession of annual meau-s, of the dileto ftewn l~._f the temperature, w'll. appear with sufficient dcistinctness by considerin _ the zero line or axis of abscissae nlot as a straitr~t line bult as a curve, drawvn midwvay betwveen thle twvo culrves; in other words, either thle normal clirection of the windc iS i rfectly ade out (tro t isufficiency or ipefectio of observations), or t he relation of the muean dlirection of the wvild to the maeall temperrature of the air is not constant; I inlcline to tlle formrne alternative. So far as our ev~idence goes, for yeblrs of northerly (+) cleflections of the winds, thec temuperature appears to be lowver and for southerly deflectiolls higher thall the llormzal value. Tlhis subject also dlemands further investigation. be stucliedtot~etller alTh it apratll poaltl brett flouell tllats thes forrer eel dlc o~n;tlle latter, tllou~}l,~ ultimateln crrly, tlle clf~ tions il laerstion btw clieto of the of theVI - -;e V — - 7-7 line or asits loncissn Cont iuts szlhto KrowndeX No. l20 Wa shingt, Jurlrne 1868. not co.s_ __' I- i"~1in't" tl/ _vlne _lenaie'~ fa ~oreiec o for~~~~~~~' h temeratre at Marittaoerly ($)dfolltows ofthe ins, h eletreyapcr e. boetweend thtor cuvs;notherl weletords, eiher t the normal diruecto ofthe ind isu impo eretymande out throg nuenc r imperfetionoosrvatio ns) r h relantions of the tmperandrectiono the waind toll thi men thempera~ture of the aiir ius no tud c onstheand t; Il iro nclin e fu toa the former alternatve SoG soreidence ges for yie atrs tofh normtherly, (d-) deflections othwinds the tempertun dre appears to e T~!llowr and~b Cfo~rT~ sothel deflecti of ns haighrthan; the dic inormals value. Thssujc wider~ ranger so ats to include long~ series~ of records~'l CR ait~fCTC stations-representing all parts of the gSlobe. Smithsoniatn Contributions to KInowledg're, No. 120; Wanshington, June, 1868. 318 DISCUSSION OF THE SECULAR VARIATION Rcange of variability in the secular variationz of the annucal temperatur e.-If we consider the deviations of the annual means from the normal temperature of the place as fortuitous, we may employ a simple formula for the mean deviation as a measure of the amount of variability, and deduce also a value for the probable uncertainty to which the normal temperature, or the mean of the whole series, may be liable. Let E-the mean deviation of any yearly value, A the difference of any annual mean from the normal temperature, EAS their sum, irrespective of sign, n - number of yearly values, then, with sufficient precision for our comparison, E: k: 1.2535A which expression supposes the positive and negative A's to balance. The probable uncertainty attaching to the mean of the series is given by ro -=- 0.845. n j/ V, Applying these expressions to a few of our larger and systematic series, we deduce the following results: — _ i... Stations. Normal A Lowest and Difference R ltations. I T ro Highestvalue. from normal. Range. Brunswick, Me.l. 43.9 49 =I=.78 |o~.I 5 47'3 { -368 7.4 Mass. 48. i. I ~~~~~~~~44.5 -. Salem, Mass.... 48. I 43 I.48 5. T-3 58 {-. 5.6 New Bedford, Mass.. 48.2 58 I.I5.IO 449 | 33 6. 0 50.9 + 2. 7 New Haven, Conn... 49.0 85 I.25.09 45.2 | -3 8 6.6 5I.8 +2.8 Marietta, Ohio.... 52.4 46 I.24.I2 49554 { —2.7 57 55 4 3. 0 5.7 4Ix 3 2.8 Fort Snelling, Minn... 44.I 42 2.07.2I 48 3 {+42 7 l'{48.7 -. Fort Leavenworth, Kan.. 52.7 40 I-83.20 56.67 { +9 9 566 +3.9 -t39 7.9 Fort Brooke, Fla.. 7I7 27 1 I.2I I6 |{ 744{I - 1'6.I.7 74.4 +2-7 4.3 I 7 4-4 +2.7' 4~.... The annual means for 1837-8-9-40 are omitted, as defective. The weignhted arerag~e value of the mean annual,direction E is At 1~.44, hence means derived fiom series of 25, 50, and 100 years are uncertain by a probable 0.6745 amount of - =- - - = k0~.19, =0~.14, and z0~.10 respectively. To these values arty errors that may exist in the graduation of the instruments would have to be added. OF THE ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE. 319 Secular variation in tle annual n maxima and mirnma, comnpareltv with the variation in the ctanual means. —In conclusion of this section of the paper, it is still desirable to inquire into the changes of the maxima and minlima, and to ascertain how far these partake of the character of the secular change of the mean annual temperature. For this purpose it will suffice to examine the two typical series at New Haven and Marietta. Since the minima fall generally in January and February, and the maxima in July and August, the respective mean temperatures of these months were formed and compared with the corresponding annual means.'To eliminate irregularities, the fourth order means were employed and tabulated; comparing each value with the mean from the whole series, the differences were formed, a + sign indicating higher temperature, a - sign lower temperature than the mnean-they are as follows:New Haven series. IDifferences from.Differences from Mean. Mean. I (J. & F.) - (J. & A.)'( (J. tot) a ((. July& F. ) 1 (J. & A.) -1 (J to D) ~4?'&rr)er.&A'12 order.Jan. July Jan. T~ly 4odth order. 4th order. a dnder. a 4th order. 4th order. 4th order. and and Year. Feb. Aug. Feb. Aug., o o o9 o o o o o o = I 7 80 o o 9 o 0 090 780(29.6) 74.3 (49-9) +2.4 +3.6'I.o 1825 295 71.2 499 2.3 +0.5 +0o.9 I1781 29.5 73'3 49. 7 +2.3 +2.6 +0.7 1826 29.0 71.0 49'9 +I.8-+0.3 +I. 1782 28. I 72.0 49.2 +~-O9 +I.3 1827 29.1I 70.7 49'9 +I.9 0.0 +0.9 I783 26.0 7I.3 48.5 -I.2 +O. 6 —o. 5 I1828 29.I 7I.0 50O +I.O +03 +I I I784 24.5 7I.I 48.0 -2.7 +0. —o.4 -0.9 1829 27.5 7I.4 49'9 +03 +0'7 - o.9 I785 24.7 70.7 47-9 -2.5 O. O — I.O I830 25.5 7I.7 49.6 — I.7 +I.0 +0-.7 I786 26.0 70.3 48.2 -I.2 —0.4 -— o.7 I83I 25.3 7I.6 49.0 — I.9 +0.9 o. I787 26.5 70.6 48.8 — 07 —oI -0.2 1832 26.5 70.6 48.5 -0.7 — 0.1 -0. 1788 26.5 7I.7 49.2 — 7 +I-.0 +0.3 I833 27.7 69.9 48.2 +0-5 -o.8 -o. I789 27. 72.2 49-4 — o.I +I-.5 +o.4 I834 27.3 69.8 47.8 +-o. I — 0.9 — I. I I790 27.8 7I.7 49'4 +o.6 +I-0 +0.5 I835 25.0 69.8 46.8 -2.2 — 0.9 — 2.2 I79I 27.I 70.9 49.2 — O.I +0.2 +0.2 I836 23.5 68.8 46.3 — 371-I-.9 -2.6 1792 26.5 70.7 49.2 — 0.7 o. +0.3 I837 24.5 68.8 46.7 -2.7 — 1.9 —2.3 I793 27-3 70.9 49.5 o+0. I +0.2 +o.5 1838 26.5 69-3 47.8 — o.7 —I.4 — I. I I794 27.8 71-0 49.6 +o;6 +0o.3 +0.7 I839 27.3 69.6 48.7 +-oI. I — — 0.3 1795 27.5 7I.I 49. I +-o.3 +-o.4 +o. I 840 27.8 69.8 49 r +o. 6 —0.9 +o.2 I796 27.3 7I.6 48.6 — o.I -o.g —o.3 I84I 29.1I 69.8 49. 3 +I.9 —~9 +0 3 I797 27.0 72.5 48.5 -0.2 +1.8 -0o.5 I842 29.6 69-3 49.1 +2.4 —I.4 +0.2 I798 26.5 73.o 48.7 |- -7 +2.3o-0.2 I843 28. I 68.8 49-0 +0~. --.9 0. I799 26.4 72.9 49.2 — 0o.8 +2.2 +-0.2 I844 27.-1 69-3 49-4 — o.I — 1.4 +0.5 I800 27.3 72.5 49-9 o. I +I-.8 +I.o I845 27.4 70.3 499 +0.2 o-0.4 +0.9 1801 28.9 72.5 50.6 +I-7 + —.8 +I.6 I846 27-7 71.2 49-9 +0 5 +o-.5 + I. I802 29.8 72.7 50.8 +2.6 +2.0+I.9 1847 27.7 71-4 49.4 +0.5 +07 +0.4 I803 |29-3 72.7 50-7 +2-I+2.-0+I-.71 1848| 27.I 7I.o 49.0 — o.I +0.3 +O.I i804 28-3 72.6 50.6 +I-I.19 +I-. 7 I849 27.1I 70.6 48.7 — O.I -— o. — 0 3 I805 28.2 72.3 50.5 |+I.o-+I.61+I. 5 1850 28.4 70.3 48.7 |+I.2 — 0.4'-0.2 I806 28.6 7I.8 50. I +I-4-+I.I +1.2 I85I1 29.1 70.i) 48.9 +I-.9|-0.7 — ~ I I8o7 28.4 71.2 49.8 +I.2+0-5-+0-8 o. 852 28.7 69.8 49-I | -.S-0-. 9 +0.2 I808 27.9 70.3 49-7 +0.7 — 0.41+0.8 853 28.6 |70.0 49 2 +I-4 — 7 +0.2 I809 27.7 69.6 49'7 +o- 5 -I1. +0.7 I854 27.9 70.4 49-1 +07 -0-3 +0.2 I8io 27-8 69-4 49'5 +-o.6 I1-3 +0.6 I855 26. I 70.4 48.5 -I.I — o. 3 —o 5 ISII |27.2 69.5 49.1 0.0 -I12 -+}O.I 1856 24.6 69.8 47'9 — 2.61 —.9 — I. I8I2 26.2 69.8 48.5 —.O -o-91-0-.4 I857 25.5 69.I 47-7 -I.7|-I.6|-1 1813 25.9 70.2 48.3 — I131-0-.5 — ~7O. I858 27.4 68.7 47'9 +0.2| —2'01 —1' I814 25.8 70.0 48.2 |-I-4 -0-o7. 7 I859 28.I 68.7 48.3 +o.9! —2.~ —~'7 18I5 25.4 69.0 47.6 |-I-8| —.7| —x.4 I860 28.I 69.4 48.8 -+-o9|-I —3| —o. I8'6 24.5 68.3 47.0 — 2.7 — 2.41 —X.9 I86I 28. | 70.4 49.3 +o. 9 —o.3/+o.3 I817 24.0 68.5 46.8 — 3.2i —2. — 2.2 1862 28.5 7I.6 49.6 |-x.31+0-91+-o.7 I88| 25.I 69.4 47'3 -2.I1 —.3,.6 1863 28.9 72.5 49.7 -{-.7+I.8/+o. 7 I8I9 26.8 70.2 47'9 — 0.4 —0.51 — I.I I864 (28.5) (72.7) (49.7) +1.3/+2.0+0. I820 27 o 70.3 48.I -— 0.2 —0.4 —o. 8 I82I 25.9 70.2 48.2 — 1.3 1 —0 5 — 0 8 II I I I822 25.7 70.2 48.6 — I.5 — o.5 — o.3 Mean I823 | 27.0 70.5 49.I | —.21 —0.2' IO. Of 85 27.24 70.69 48.93 1824 | 28.7 71.0 49.6 |+'.5 +0'3I+0.7 years 320 DISCUSSION OF THE SECUILAR- VA-RIATION Marietta series. D~ifferenccs f-om Differences from nIean.. M ean. I (J. & F.) (J.& A. — k (J toD - F)IJ.),z(J. to D. &..a 4ta orde, y Jan. July 2Ii T Ja.u 4th orJ r,; 4th order. 4Yh o ( Ya. 4t. 4th or der. 4th ord a ad Year. Feb. F Aug. I Feb. Aug. 1819 ~ (75.2) j(53 7) +3.0+1.5 1847 33.6 70-9 52'5 +o0g-I-3 +o~3 I820 (34.8) 74. 5 53 I -2 I +2.3 -o.g 11848 333 77 52. I O.6 - I.5 - 182i 32.0 74'I 52.8 -o0. 7 I+.9to. 6 I849 33.2 71.3 52.5I +~ —5.9 — 1 I1 I122 3I.0 73C 5 52'8 — I.71+I.3- o. 61 I850 334 72.0 52.I +~-7 - 0.2 -0.I I823 32.0 72.9 52.8 — o. 7 +0 7 +o.61 I85I 34. I 7I.9 52.2 +-I.4 — 0.3 0.0 I324 (34-3) (72.9) (53.2) — I.6 +0o. 7 +.0o1 I852 33.2 7I.9 52.4 - 5 — o.31 o.2 I825 (35-3) (73.2) (54. I) +2.6 + I.o0+ I.9] I853 32.8 72.6 52.6 +o- I +0 —.41 +0.4 IS26 35.2 73-3 54-4 +2.5- I.I + 22 1854 320 737 52,9 — o. 7/ +I~5- +0.7 I827 36.o 7322 54.3 +3 +I.0 o +2. I I855 29-4 74-0 52.2 -3-3 +I.8 0. I~28 36.o 72.8 54.2 +3.-3 +o.6 +2.0 1856 27.8 73-5 5I.3 -49 +I.3 -0.9 I829 33.8 72.6 53.6 +- I. I+0o.41- +.4I8 57 29.6 73 I 5I.4 -3. I+o.9 —o.8 I13~ 31.2 /72.3 52'9 — I.51+o0. Io.711 I858 32.6 72.9 52.2 — o. I+o. 7 o. 183I 30.8 7I.6I 52.3 — I.9 —0. 6+o. II 1859 34I 72.5 52.7 -+I.3 +0.3 +0o.5 1832 324 7I. I 52.4 — o.31 —1.I-o.2 I860 34.4 71.7 52.6 +I.71-o.51+o-. 4 I8 3333-9 71.6 52'7 +I.21-o.6 +O.- I86I 34.6 7I.I 52.4 -I.g -I. I -b0.2 I834 33.Z I 7I.7 52.3 +0-.41 -- 51+0. I 1862 34-5 71.5 52.I -I.8 — o. 7 — o. I I835 3I~0 7I.o 5I'4 -I-71 -I. — I863 333 72.2 5.7 +o6 0.0 —0.5 I- 6 29.8 5 70. —. —+o.4 86310 0. IS36 29.8 70.8 50.8 -2.9 — I.- I 864 31. 72. 5.4 — I.6 -o0.2 -- o.8 I837 29.9 71.8 50.9 — 2.81 —~.4 —I3 I865 29.6 I 51.2 -3. I- -I. I1-.0 I838 30.8 72.6 513 I91+0.4-o.9 I866 29.2 70.8 5o9 -3' I I839 32.2 72.0 5I.8 -o.-.2!-o. 4 I867 29'3 71.5 50o5 3.4-o~7-I.71 I84o 33.0 71.2 52. I + I.3!I —.-o. 1 I868 30.4 72.4 50.5 — 2.31+ 1 —I.7 I84I 33.6 70.6 52.I +o. 9 -I.6 -o. I IS69 (32.6) (72.S) (50 7) 0.I +0.6-I I042, +o9_) -0 +. 6_o- I42 34.8 70'5 5I.8 +2. I 1.7 _0. 4 1843 35.2 7I.o 51.8 +2.5 — I. 2 — 0.4 IS44 34.9 71.8 52.I +2.2 — 0.4-0. I Mean IS45 34.5 72. I 52.6 +-I.s 1-oI +04 of 49 32.67 72.I9 52.24 I846 I 1 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~52'24 |i846 |33-9 71-.7 52.8 |-I.2_1 0. +o.6 years. 2ote.-Values in parenthesis are imperfect. If we examine, by means of the successive signs of the tabular differences, whether or not a cold winter is followed by a cold summer, and whether the average temperature of the year is below or above the normal, we find, from the ZNev an-en series, by comparisons of the signs for the cold months with those for the year, the follovillt, results: an accord, a + sign being followed by a + sigln, or a - sien by a sign, in 64 cases; and a cdliscord, a + sign being followed by a - sigrn, or the reverse, in 18 cases; there are 3 indifferent cases, one of the differences being zero; in all, 85 cases. Comparing the signs of the warmest months with those of the year, we find 61 accords, 19 discords, and 5 indifferent cases; and comparing directly the coldest and warmest months there are 50 accords, 31 discords, and 4 indcifferent cases. Altog ether strongly favoring tllc conclusion that the chang es which constitute thc secular variation are generally cxhibited il winter as well as in1 sumlmer; ill otller uror(ls, the causes of these variations are alike, active at all seasons of thle year. In the case of Miarietta, we have likewise for winter and year 30 accords, 17 contradictions, and 3 neutral cases; for summer and year 32 accords, 15 contradictions, ald. 4 neutral cases, atld Ofo v7~inter and summer 19 accords, 30 contradictions, and 1 neutral case. IHere the evidence is somewhat weaker, prowells ozvint, to tle greater numler and shorte4 sicular undllations, due to the saore western pOSitiOll of the station. LIST OF STATIONS. Abbeville, S. C., 76 Arcadia, Ky., 34, 252 Baptist Mission, Ind. T., 28 Abbitibbe, Brit. No. Amer., 2 Areola, Ohlio, 67 Baraboo, Wise., 88, 298 Abington, Pa., 70, 284 Arctic Ocean, Brit. No. Amer., 2,157, Barbacoas, New Granada, 96 Abiquill, N. M., 54 174 Blarbadoes, Carib. Isl., 94, 300 Academus, P. H., Miss. 46 Adrian, Mich., 42 Bardstown, Ky., 34, 252 Adirondack, N. Y., 54 Arizona, 10, 11, 161, 204, 205, 226, Barnesville, N. Y., 56 Afton, Minn., 44, 262 227, 234, 235 Barnet, Vt., 82 Agricultural Colleg,, Md., 38, 256 Arkansas, 12,13, 192, 198, 199, 204, iBarnstable, Mass., 38 Aiken, S. C., 76, 290 205, 235 Barnstead, 1'. H., 52 Alabama, 8, 9, 112, 122, 135, 150, Armstrong Academy, Ind. T., 28 Bar of Tabasco, Mex., 90 154, 155, 158, 204, 205, 233 Aslheville, N. C., 64, 277 Barratsville, S. C., 77 Alaska, 10, 11, 109, 112, 122, 124, Ashlland, Pa., 70 Bath, Me., 36 138, 141, 142, 154, 155, 157, 162, Ashland, Va., 84 Batavia, Ill., 22, 244 163, 171, 176, 177, 181, 182, 202, Ashland, WV. Va., 86, 297 Baton City, Mont., 48 204, 205, 226, 227, 234 Asliland, Wise., 88 Baton Rouge, La., 34, 210, 252 Albany, N. Y., 54, 190, 199, 216, 269 Ashville, Ala., 8, 233 Battle Creek, Mich., 42, 260 All)ally (near), Oreg., 70 Aspinwall, New Granada, 96, 224,301 Batty Bay, Brit. No. Amer., 2 Albrioni, Ill., 22 Assistance Bay, Brit. No. Amer., 2 Baxter Springs, Kas., 32, 210, 250 Albion, N. Y., 54 Astoria, Oreg., 70, 176, 178, 220, 283 Bay City, Wise., 88, 298 Albion Mines, N. S., 6, 171, 184, 230 Asuncion, Palraguay, 98 Bayfield, Wise., 88, 298 Albuquerque, N. M., 54, 109, 161, 162, Atalissa, Iowa, 2,8 Bay of Mercy, Brit. No. Amer., 2 21;, 226, 268 Atchison, Kas., 32, 210, 250 Bay of San Francisco, Cal., 106, 160 Alcatraz Island, Cal., 12, 206, 227, Athabasca Lake, Brit. No. Amer., 2, Bay of St. Louis, Miss., 46 235, 305 176, 182 Beaufort, N. C., 64, 278 Alleghany Arsenal, Pa., 70, 220, 284 Athens, Ga., 20, 243 Beaufort, S. C., 76, 290 Alleghany City, Pa., 70 Atlhens, Ill., 22, 244 Beaver, Pa., 70 Alleghany T'unnel, Pa., 70 Athens, Mo., 4S, 2;3 Beaver Bay, Minn., 44, 214, 262 Alexander, N. Y., 54 Athens, Ohio, 64, 279 Beaver Brook, N. Y., 56, 269 Alexandlria, Minn., 44 Atlanta, Ga., 20, 208, 243 Beaver River Valley, Minn., 44 Alexandria, Tenn., 78 Atlantic Ocean, 105 Beaver Seminary, Pa., 70, 284 Alexandria, Va., 84, 222, 295 Atlantic sea-board, 105 Bedfont House, Brit. No. Amer., 2 Alfred, N. Y., 54 Atsena Otie, Fla., 18 Bedford, Pa., 70, 284 Algona, Iowa, 28, 210, 248 Attaway Hill, N. C., 64, 278 Beerhey Island, Brit. No. Amer., 2 Algona, Iowa (10 miles S.W. of), 28, Auburn, Ala., 8, 233 Beech Fork, Ky., 34 248 Auburn, Cal., 12 Belair, Fla., 18, 240 Allentown, Mo., 48, 214, 263 Auburn, N. Y., 54, 216, 269 Belfast, Me., 36, 253 Alligator, Fla., 20 Auburn, Oreg., 70 Belize, Houdur., 92, 300 All Saints, S. C., 76, 290 Augusta, Ga., 20, 243, 305 Beloit College, Wise., 88, 224, 298 Alto, Ill., 22, 244 Augusta Arsenal, Ga., 20, 208, 243, Belvidere, Ill., 22, 244 Alton, Ill., 22 305 Bellefontaine, Ohio, 64, 279 Altoona, Pa., 70 Augusta, Ill., 22, 208, 244 Bellefontaine, Pa., 72 Amllenia, N. Y., 54, 269 Auausta, Me., 36 Bellefontaine, Wisc., 88, 298 Amles, Iowa (6 miles N. of), 28 Aurora, Ill., 22, 244 Belleville, Ill., 22, 244 Alllhelrst, Mass., 38, 112, 122,131,138, Aurora, Ind., 26, 246 Belleville, N. J., 52 146, 154, 155, 158, 212, 257 Austin, Tenn., 78, 291 Belleville, N. Y., 56, 216, 269 Alalinae, Tex., 78 Austin, Tex., 78, 171, 178, 222, 291 Bellevue, Iowa, 28, 248 Ancaster, Ontario, 8 Austinburgh, Ohio, 64, 279 Bellevue, Nebr., 50, 214, 265 Andalusia, Ill., 22, 244 Avon, Kas., 32 Bellona Arsenal, Va., 84, 295 Andlover, Mlass., 38. 257 Avon, Ohio, 64, 279 Bellport, N. Y., 56, 269 Alngelica, N. Y., 54, 269 Avondell, Pa., 70, 284 Benicia Barracks, Cal., 12, 206, 235 Angel Island, Cal., 12, 206, 235, 305 Aztalan, WVise., 88 Benton, La., 34, 252 Annapolis, Ind., 26 Benzonia, Mich., 42 Ainnapolis, Md., 38, 212, 256 Berea, Ohio, 69 Ann Arbor, MIich., 42, 260 Babac, Ind., 26 Berlin, Germany, 193 Anomla, In l., 26 Bahama Islands, 92, 93, 300 Berne, Ga., 20, 243 Antigua-, Carilb. Isl., 94, 300 Baldwinsville, N. Y., 54, 2G9 Bermuda, Bermuda, 92, 300 Antisalla, Equadior, 98 B xaldwinsville, MIass.. 38, 257 Bermuda Islands, 92, 93, 300 Apalaclhiani rlange, 105 Ballardsville, Ky., 34, 252 Berryville, Va., 84, 295 Appleton, WTisc., 88, 29S Baltimore, Md.,:48, 178, 212, 250 Berwick, Pa., 70, 285 Aquidnleset, R. I., 7(i B angor, Iowa, 28 B ethel, Me., 36, 253 Aransas Canal, Tex., 78 Bangor, Me., 36 I Bethel, Ohio, 64, 220, 279 4I lq t;ARUl I876. (321) 322 LIST OF STATIONS. Bethlehem, Pa., 70 Buffalo Springs, Tex., 78 Camp Plummer, N. M., 54 Bethmont, N. C., 64, 278 Buffalo Townshilp, Pa., 70 Camp Reno, Ariz., 10, 234 Beverly, N. Y., 56, 216, 269 Burkeville, Tex., 78, 291 Camp Reynolds, Cal., 12 Biddeford, Me., 36, 253 Burlingame, Kas., 32, 250 Camp Rio Mimbers, N. M., 54 Bird Island, Mass., 38 Burlington, Iowa, 30, 249 Camp Salubrity, La., 34 Blackbird Hill, Nebr., 51 Burlington, near, Kas., 32 Camp Scott, Wyom., 90 Black Oak, S. C., 76 Burlington, Minn., 44, 262 Camp Simialhmoo, Wash., 86, 296 Black River Plant'n, La., 34, 252 Burlington, N. J., 52, 267 Camp Skull Valley, Ariz., 10 Blackwell's Island, N. Y., 56, 269 Burlington, Vt., 82, 178, 293 Camp Stanbaugh, Wyom., 90 Bladensburg, Md., 38, 256 Burning Springs, W. Va., 86 Camp Steele, Wash., 86, 224, 296 Blairsville, Pa., 70, 285 Bustleton, Pa., 70 Canip Stockton. Tex., 78, 222, 29L Blake, Me., 253 Butler, Pa., 70 Camp Three Forks, Oreg., 70, 283 Block House, Oreg., 70, 220, 283 Byberry, Pa., 70, 285 Camp Union, Cal., 12 Bloomufield, N. J., 52, 267 Byfield, Mass., 38 Camp Verde, Ariz., 12, 204, 234 Bloomfield, Wise., 88, 298 Byron, Iowa, 30 Camp Verde, Tex., 78, 222, 291 Bloomingdale, N. Y., 56, 269 Byron Sound, Falkland Island, 98 Camp Wallen, Ariz., 12, 204, 235 Bloomingdale, Ind., 26 Camp Warner, Oreg., 70, 220, 283 Blooming Grove, Pa., 70, 285 Camp Watson, Oreg., 70, 283 Bloomington, Ind., 26, 246 Cadiz, Ind., 26, 246 Camp Willow Grove, Ariz., 12, 235 Blue Branch, Tex., 78, 291 Cahawba, Ala., 8 Camp Winfield Scott, Nev., 50, 214, Blue Hill, Me., 36 Cahto, Cal., 12, 235 266 Bluff Settlement, Tex., 78 Calais, Vt., 82 Camp Wright, Cal., 12, 206, 236 Bluffton, S. C., 76, 290 Caldwell, N. Y., 56 Canada, xiii, xiv, 6, 7, 8, 9,109,112, Bogota, New Granada, 96 Caldwell's Prairie, Wisc., 90 125, 126, 143, 144, 145, 151, 155, Bolivar, Mo., 48, 263 Caledonia Coal Mine, N. S., 6,204, 230 157, 158, 162, 163, 176, 185, 186, Bonham, Tex., 78 California, 12, 13, 14, 103, 105, 106, 193, 194, 195, 200, 201, 2(04, 205, Bon Secour, Ala., 8 160, 161, 171, 172, 180, 181, 182, 231, 232, 304, 306, 307 Boonesboro, Iowa, 30, 248 202, 206, 207, 226, 227, 235, 236, Canajoharie, N. Y., 56, 216, 270 Boothia Felix, Brit. No. Amer., 2, 138, 237, 305, 310, 311 Canandaigua, N. Y., 56, 216, 270 141, 154, 155, 158 California, Gulf of, 105 Caney, Ind. T., 28, 248 Border Plains. Iowa, 30, 249 Callao, Peru, 98 Cannelton, Ind., 26, 246 Boston, Ga., 20 Calvert College, Md., 38 Cannonsburg, Pa., 70, 285 Boston, Mass., 38, 257, 304 Camanche, Iowa, 30 Canton, Ct., 16, 237 Bowen's Prairie, Iowa, 30, 249 Camden, Ark., 12 Canton, Mass., 40 Bowles' Creek, Minn., 44 Camden, S. C., 76, 290 Canton, Mo., 48 Bowling Green, Ky., 34 Camnbridge, Mass., 38, 122, 130, 138, Canton, N. Y., 56, 270 Bowling Green, Ohio, 64, 279 146, 154, 155, 200, 201, 257, 304 Cantonment Loring, Idaho, 22 Bradford, Mass., 38,.57 Cambridge, N. Y., 56, 216, 270 Cantonment Stevens, Mollt., 48 Bradford, Vt., 82 Camp Baker, Mont., 48, 214, 227 Cantonment Burgwiii, N. MI., 54, 268 Branchburg Townslip, N. J., 52 Camp Babbitt, Cal., 12, 235 Cantonment Clincli, Fla., 19 Brandon, Vt., 82, 293 Camp Bidwell, Cal., 12, 206, 236 Cape Charles Lighlt, Va., 84, 295 Brantford, Ontorio, 8, 232 Camp Bowie, Ariz., 10, 204, 234 Caype Diamond, Quebec, 6 Brattleboro, Vt., 82 Camtp Cady, Cal., 12, 206, 236 Cape Disappointment, Wash., 86, Brazil, 96, 97, 138, 152, 301 Camp Cimarron, N. M., 54 224, 296 Brecksville, Ohio, 64 Camp Colorado, Ariz., 10, 204, 234 Cape Girardeau, Mo., 48, 263 Brest, Mich., 44 Camp Colorado, Tex., 78, 222, 291 Cape Horn, Patagonia, 98 Bridgewater, Mass., 38, 257 Camp Concordia, Tex., 78, 291 Cape Oxford, Falkland Island, 98 Bridgewater, N. Y., 56, 216, 269 Camp Connor, Idaho, 22 Capon Bridge, W. Va., 86 Brighlton, Ill., 22, 244 Camp Cook, Mont., 48, 265 Caracas, Venez., 96 British North America. —Arctic Camp Cooper,'l'ex., 78, 291 Caribbean Islands, 94, 95, 300 Region, 2, 109, 110, 155, 156, 157, Camp Crittenden, Ariz., 10, 204, 234 Caribou Castle, Brit. No. Amer., 2 158, 174, 176, 177, 180, 182, 204, Camp Date Creek, Ariz., 10, 204, 234 Carlisle (Barracks), Pa., 70, 220, 285 205, 230 Camp Dennison, Ohio, 66 Carlowville, Ala., 8, 233 British North America.-South Camp Douglas, Utah, 82, 222, 293 Carlton House, Brit. No. Amer., 2 of Latitude 660 301, 2, 174, 176, Camp El Dorado, Ariz., 10 Carmel, Me., 36, 253 177, 182, 204, 205, 226, 227, 230 Camp Far West, Cal., 12, 236 Carpenter, Pa., 70 Brookfield, Ct., 16, 237 Camp Floyd, Utah, 82 Carp Lake Mine, Mich., 42 Brookfield, Vt., 82 Camp Gaston, Cal., 12, 206, 236 Carrollton, Mo., 48 3rooklhaven, Miss., 46, 263 Camp Grant, Ariz., 10, 204, 23t Carthagena, Ohio, 64 Brookhaven, N. Y., 60 Camp Goodwin, Ariz., 10, 204, 234 Cascade Range, 105 Rrooklyn, Mich., 42 Camp Halleck, Nev., 50, 214, 226, 266 Cass Lake, Minn., 44 Broollyn, N. Y.. 56, 122, 132, 138, Camp Harney, Oreg., 70, 220, 283 Cassville, Mo., 48, 263 147, 148,154, 155,157 Camp Hualpai, Ariz., 10 Castleton, Vt., 82, 293 Brookside, Iowa, 30, 210, 249 Camp Hudson, T''ex., 78, 291 Castine, Me., 36, 212, 253, 302, 303, Brookville, Pa., 70 Camp Independence, Cal., 12, 206, 236 304 Brown Cottage, N. Y., 56 Camp Lawlrence, La., 34 Catawba, Ga., 20 Br1ownsville, Pa., 70, 285 Camp Lincoln, Ariz., 10 Catawissa, Pa., 72 Blownville, Nebr., 50 Camp Lincoln, Cal., 12, 206, 236 Cathariina Sophia, Dutch Guiana, 96, Btuce, Ill., 22 Camiip Logan, Oreg., 70 301 Branswick, Ga., 20 Carmip Lowell Tucson, Ariz., 10, 204, Cathlamnet (near), Wash., 86 Brunnswick, Me., 36, ]71,178, 200, 201, 234 Catonsville, id., 38, 256 212, 227,253, 302, 303,304, 306,307, Camp Lyons, Oreg., 70, 283 Carthage, Ill., 22, 244 311, 312, 316, 318 Camp McDermit, Nev., 50, 214, 266 Carthage, Ind., 28 Brunswick, Mo., 48, 253 Camp McDowell, Ariz., 10, 204, 226, Cayuga, Kas., 32 Buchlanan, Minn., 44 234 Cayuga Aead., N. Y., 58 Buncksport, Me., 36 Camp McGarry, Nev., 50, 214, 266 Cazenovia, N. Y., 56, 216, 270 B~ueno s Ayres, S. A., 96 Camp MIoore, Tex., 78 Celbolleta, N. M., 54, 216, 268 Buffalo, N. Y., 56, 216, 270 Camp McPherson, Ariz., 11 Cedar Grove Plantation, Tex., 78, 291 Buffalo, W. Va., 86, 297 Camnp Pickett, VWash., 87 I Cedar Keys, Fla., 18, 240 LIST OF STATNIONS. 323 Central City, Colo., 14 Columbus, Ohio, 66, 279 Delaware City, Del., 18 Centralia, Ill., 22 Colville Depot, Wash., 87 Delhi, N. Y., 56, 270 Celltral Mine, Milch., 42, 260 Conimervilne, Dutch Guiana, 96 Demerara, Brit. Guiana, 94 Ceres, Iowa, 30, 249 Concolrd, Mass., 40 Denlver, Colo., 14, 237 Ceres, Pa., 72, 285 Concord, N. H., 50, 216, 266 Dennysville, Me, 36, 178, 253 Chagres, New Granada, 96 Connecticut, 16, 17, 112, 122, 131, Depauville, N. Y. (1 mi. N. of), 56, Cliainbersburg, Pa., 72, 285 132, 138, 147, 154, 155, 170, 171, 270 Cllanbley, Quebec, 204 172, 178, 179, 196, 200, 201, 206, Des Moines City, Iowa, 30, 249 Chalmpion, N. Y., 56 207, 237, 238, 239, 302, 304, 3(16, De Soto, Nebr., 50, 214,.265 Chllanarcillo, Chili, 96 307, 310, 311, 312, 318, 319, 320, Detroit, Mich., 42, 44, 178, 212, 260 Chainnahon, Ill., 22 xiii, xiv Dexter, Me., 36. 253 Chapel Hill, N. C., 64, 178, 278 Connlellsville, Pa., 72 Disaster Bay, Brit. No. Amer., 2 Chapel Hill, Tex., 78 Constableville, N. Y., 56 District of Columbia, 18, 19, 222, Charleston, Ill., 22, 244 Constantia, N. Y., 56 134, 138, 149, 150, 154, 155, 157, Charleston, S. C., 76, 171, 172, 178, Contoo(.ooksville, N. H., 50 158, 208, 209, 240 200, 201, 2229, 290, 304, 3087 309 Cooper, Mich., 42, 260 Dixon's Springs, Tenn., 78, 291 Charlestown, N. H., 50 Cooper Ser., Ohio, 66 Dofia Ana, N. M., 54 Cllarlotte, N. Y., 56, 216, 270 Cooperstown, N. Y., 56, 270 Douglas, Kas., 32 Charlottesville, Va., 84 Copper Falls Mine, Mich., 42, 260 Douner's Station, Kas., 32 Charlottetown, Pr. Ed. I'd, 6 Cordova, Mex., 90, 224, 300 Dover, Del., 18 Chatfield, Minn., 44 Corning, Mo., 48 Dover, N. H., 50, 266 Chathanm, N. Y., 56 Cornish, Me., 36, 253, 302, 303, 304 Dover, N. J., 52, 267 Chattahoochie A1rs., Fla., 18 Crpus Christi, Tex., 78, 291 Dover, Tenn., 78 Chattanoo(gxa, Tenn., 78 Corvallis, Oreg., 70 Downieville, Cal., 12 Chelemta Depot, Idaho, 22 Coshocton, Ohio, 66 Drum Barracks, Cal., 12, 206, 236 Chelsea, Mass., 40, 257 Costa Rica, 92, 93, 224, 225, 300 Dublin, N. H., 50 Cheneyville (near), La., 34 Cottage Itomne, Va., 84, 295 - Dubuque, Iowa, 30, 210, 249 Cherry Valley Acad., N. Y., 56, 216, Council Bluffs, Iowa, 30, 249 Dunharton, N. H., 5(, 266 270 Council City, IKas., 32, 210 DIundee, Mo., 48 Chliester, N. J., 52, 267 Council Grove, Kas., 32, 251 Dutchess Acad., N. Y., 62 Chestertown, Md., 38, 256 Courtland Acad., N. Y., 58 Duxbury, Mass., 40 Clheviot, Ohio, 67 Covert, N. Y., 59 Dyberry, Pa., 72, 285 Clhicago, Ill., 22, 208, 244 Crack Whip, W. Va., 86, 297 Chico, Cal., 12, 236 Craftsbury, Vt., 82, 222, 294 Cllilesburg, Ky., 34, 210, 252 Crawfordville (near), Kas., 32 Eagle River, Mich., 42, 260 Chili, 96, 97 Crescent City, Cal., 12 Early Grove, Miss., 46 Chillieotlhe, Ohio, 64, 279 Cresco, Wise., 88 Easton, Mo., 48, 263 Christiansburgli, Va., 84 Crichton's Store, Va., 84, 295 Easton, Pa., 72, 285 Chromnedale, Pa., 72, 285 Cross Creek, W. Va., 86, 297 East Cleveland, Olhio, 66 Cincinnati, Ohio, 64, 178, 220, 279, Cross Roads, Tex., 78, 291 East Douglas, Mass., 40 305, 308, 309, 311 Croton, Ohio, 66, 279 East Exeter (or Exeter), Me., 36 Claremnont, N. H., 50, 216, 266 Cuba, 94, 95, 224, 225, 301 East Fairfield, Ohio, 66, 280 Clarinda, Iowa, 30 Cuba, N. Y., 56 East Hamupton, N. Y., 56, 216, 270 Clarkeville, Tex., 78 Culloden, Ga., 20 East Montpelier, Vt., 83 Clarksville, Ga., 20 Cumana, Venez., 96 East Pascagoula, Miss., 46 Clayton, Cal., 12 Cumberland, Md., 38, 256 Eastport, Me., 36, 253 Clearmont, Tenn., 78 Cumberland House, Brit. No. Amer.,2 East Prairie, Mo., 48, 263 Clearwater Lake, Minn., 44 Cumberland Univ., Tenn., 78 East Tennessee Univ., Tenn., 78 Cleveland, Ohio, 64, 220, 279 Curagoa, Venez., 96 East Wi!lton, Me., 36 Clifton, Ohio, 64 Cuthbert, Ga., 20 Eaton, Ohio, 66 Clifton, Ontario, 8, 232 Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, 66 Ecuador, 98, 99 Clinton1, Ill., 22 Eden, N. Y., 56, 270 Clinton, Iowa; 30, 249 Edgar Co. (near S.W. corner), Ill., 24 Clinton, Ky., 34 Dakota, 16, 17, 105. 182, 206, 207, Edgefield, S. C., 76 Clinton, Mass., 40 226, 227, 239, 240 Edgerton, Ohio, 66 Clinton, Mich., 42 Dakota, Iowa, 30, 249 Edgerton, Wise., 88, 298 Cliniton, Miss., 46 Dakota, Nebr. 50 Edgington. Ill., 22 Clinton, N. Y., 56, 270 Dallas, Tex., 78 Edinburg, Mo., 48 Clintoln, Tex., 78, 291 Dalton, Ga., 20 Edinburg, Ohiio, 66, 280 Clockville, N. Y., 56 Dansville, N. Y., 56, 270 Edisto Island, S. C., 76, 290 Clyde (near), N. Y., 56, 270 Danville, Ky., 34, 252 Effingham, Ill., 24 Coalville, Utah, 82, 293 Danville, Minii., 44 Eh-yoh-liee, Ind. T., 28 Coatopa, Ala., 8, 233 Danvers, Mass., 40 Elgin, Ill., 24, 244 Coldwater, Mich., 42, 260 Dartford, Wise., 88, 298 Elkhorn City, Nebr., 51 Colebrook, Ct., 16, 206, 237 Dartmouth College, N. H., 50, 216 Elkton, Md., 38 College Hill, Ohio, 64, 220, 279, 305 Davenport, Iowa, 30, 210, 249 Ellisburg, N. Y., 56 Colllngwood, Ohio, 69 Davidson College, N. C., 64, 278 Ellsworth, Kas., 32 Collins, La., 34 Dayton, Ohio, 66, 279 Elmira, 111., 24, 244 Colomna (near), Ill., 22, 244 Dealy Island, Brit. No. Amer., 2 Elmira, N. Y., 56, 271 Colonia Tovar, Venez., 96, 301 Dearbornville, Mich., 42, 260 El Paso, N. M., 54 Colorado, 14, 15, 16, 17, 106, 161, Decatur, Ill., 22, 244 Elk Run, Ohio, 66 181, 206, 207, 227, 237, 311 Decatur, Nebr., 50 Elwood, N. J., 52, 267 Colorado River, N. M., 106, 161 Deer Creek Agency, Wyom., 90 Elmwood, Ohio, 66 Columbia, Ct., 16, 206, 237 Deerfield, Mass., 40, 257 Elyton (near), Ala., 8, 233 Columbia, S. C., 76, 290 Deer Lodge City, Mont., 48, 214, 265 Elizabetlhton, Tenn., 78, 291 Colulmbia City, Ind., 26, 246 Delafield, Wise., 88, 298 Elizabethtown, W. Va., 89 Colutnbia River, N. M., 106 Delavan, Wise., 88, 298 Embarrass, Wise., 88, 224, 298 Columbus, Ga., 20 Delaware, 18, 19, 206, 207, 240 Ernerald Grove, Wise., 88 Columbus, Miss., 46, 178, 214, 263 Delaware Academy, N. Y., 56 Emmittsburg, Md., 38, 256 324 LIST OF STATIONS. Emporia, Kas., 32 Fort Arbuckle, Ind. T'., 28, 210, 248 Fort Franklin, Brit. N. Amer., 4,174, Enterprise, Miss., 46, 263 Fort Arml.tlrong, Ill., 24, 208, 245 176, 177 Eola, Oreg., 70, 283 lFort Atkiuson, iowa, 30, 21o, 249 Folrt F. Steele, WVyoin., 90, 224, 299 Eplhrata, Pa., 72, 285 Folrt Atkinsou, Kias. (Arkas. River), Fort Gailnes, Ala., 9 EJp)ing, N. H., 5(0) 32, 210, 251 iFort Gamlble, Fla., 18, 241 ErasmLus Hall, N. Y., 56 iFort Barrancas, Fla., 18,1789 208,241 Fort Garland, Colo., 14, 206, 227, 237 Erie. Ala., 8 Fort Bascorn, N. M., 54, 216, 268 Fort Gates, Tex., 80, 292 Estate Sanl Isidro, Porto Rico, 94 Fort Bayard, N. M., 54, 216, 268 Fort George, Wash., 86 Eureka Valley, Mlich., 42, 260 Fort Belknap, Tex., 80, 222, 291 Fort Gibson, Ind. T., 28, 178, 210, 226, Eutaw, Ala., 8 Fort Bellingham, Wash., 86, 296 248, 305, 310, 313 Evanston, Ill. (N. W. Univer.), 24, Fort Benton Mont., 48, 214, 227, 265 Fort Gralham, Tex., 80, 222, 292 245 Fort Bertliold, Dlak., 17 F'ort Gratiot, Micih., 42, 212, 260 Evansville, Ind., 26, 246 Fort Bliss, Tex., 80, 222, 291 Fort Griffin, Tex., 80, 222, 292 Evergreeln, S. C., 76 Fort Boise, Idaho, 22, 208, 226, 243 Fort Halleck, Wyonl., 90, 299 Exeter, N. H., 50, 266 Fort Brady, Mich., 42, 178, 212, 227, Fort Hamer, Fla., 18 Eya Fiord, Iceland, 2 26J0 Fort Hamilton, N. Y., 58, 216, 271, Eyrie House, Md., 38, 256 Fort Bragg, Cal., 12, 206, 236 304 Fort Breckenridge, Ariz., 11 Fort Harker, Kas., 32, 251 Fort Bridget, Wyom, 90, 224, 299 Fort Harley, Fla., 19 Factory Mills, Ga., 20 Fort Brooke, Fla., 18, 208, 241, 305, Fort Hays, Kas. 32, 210, 251 Fairfield, Iowa, 30, 249 308, 309, 318 Fort Heiloman, Fla., 18 Fairfield Atad., N. Y., 56, 216, 271 Fort Brown, Tex., 80, 178, 181, 222, Fort Henderson, Fla., 18, 241 Fairfax, Vt., 82 291 Fort Holmes, Fla., 19 Fairfax Co. Ho., Va., 85 Fort Buford, Dak., 16, 206, 227, 239 Fort Hope, Brit. No. Amer., 2 Fairmount Inst., N. Y., 60 Fort Buchlanan, Ariz.,12, 161,2()4,235 Fort tloskins, Oreg., 70, 220, 284 Fairview (near Pilatka), Fla., 18, 240 Fort Calhoun, Nebr., 50, 214, 265 Fort HoustonI,']ex., 80, 292 F,.lconer, N. Y., 56 Fort Canby, Ariz., 12, 204, 235 Fort Howarl(d, Wisc., 88, 224, 298 Falkland Islands, 98, 99 Fort Cascades, W7ash., 86, 296 Fort Humboldt, Cal." 12, 206, 236 Falkland Islanids, Falkl. Islds., 98 PFolrt C. F. Smith, Mont., 48, 265 Fort Humbloldt, Teinn., 78, 22'2, 291 Fallmouth, Mass., 40 Fort Clhadbourn, Tex., 80, 161, 222, Fort Ildependenlice, Mass., 40, 212, Fall River, Mass., 40 291 258, 304 Fallsington, Pa., 72, 220, 285 Fort Clhehalis, Washi., 86 Fort Inge, Tex., 80, 222, 292 Fallstoll, Md., 38 Fort Childs, Nebr., 50 Folrt Jackson, La., 34, 252 Falmouth, Va., 84 Fort Chipewayan, Brit. No. Amer., 2, Fort Jefiferson, Fla., 18, 208, 241 Farlter's College, Ohio, 64 176 Fort Jessup, La., 34, 210, 253 Farrner's Hall, N. Y., 58 Fort Churchill, Brit. No. Amer., 4, Fort Johnston, N. C., 64, 218, 278 Farmer's Institute, Ind., 26 230 Fort Jones, Cal., 12, 206, 236 Farmington (near), Ct., 16 Fort Clhurcebill, Nev., 50, 214, 266 Folrt Kadiak, Alaska, 10, 234 Farmington, N. H., 50 Fort Clarke, Tex., 80, 222, 291 Folrt Kearney, Nebr., 50, 214, 265 Farm Ridge, Ill., 24, 245 Fort Columbus, N. Y., 56, 216, 271, Fort Kenai, Alaska, 10 Farmouth, N. H., 5(, 266 304 Fort Kent, Me., 36, 254 Fayette, Miss., 46, 263 Fort Colville, Wash., 86, 224, 296 Fort Kilng, Fla., 18, 208. 241 Fayette Tannery, Pa., 72, 220, 285 Fort Confidence, Brit. No. Aimer., 2 Fort Klaniath, Oreg., 70, 284 Fayette Village, Iowa, 30, 249 Fort Conrad, N. M., 54, 216, 268 Fort Lancaster, Tex., 80, 222, 292 Fayetteville, Ark., 12 Fort Constitution, N. H., 50, 216, 266 Fort Lane, Oreg., 70, 284 Fayetteville, Vt., 82, 294 Fort Coulonge, Quebec, 6, 231 Fort Lapwai, Idalho, 22, 208, 243 Fayetteville, Tenn., 78 Fort Craig, N. M., 54, 161, 181, 216, Fort Laramie, Wyom., 90, 171, 224, Fellowship, Miss., 47 268 227, 299 Fernandina, Fla., 18 Fort Crawford, Wisc., 88, 224, 298 Fort Larlned, Kas., 32, 210, 226, 251 Ferrisburg, Vt., 82, 294 Fort Crittendlen, Utah, 82, 222, 293 Fort Laudelrdale, Fla., 19 IFerris Plantation, Tex., 79 Fort Cloglau, Iowa, 30, 250 Fort Leavenworth, Kas., 32,178, 200, Fishkill Landing, N. Y., 56, 271 Fort Croglhan, Tex., 80, 222, 291 201, 210, 251, 3!5, 310, 313, 318 Fish River, Ala., 9 Fort Crook, Cal., 12, 161, 206, 236 Fort Lincoln, Tex., 80, 292 Fitchburg, Mass., 40, 258 -Fort Cummings, N. M., 54, 216, 226, Fort Lowell, N. M., 54 Flatbush, N. Y, 56, 216, 271, 304 268 Fort Lyon, Colo., 16, 206, 237 Fleming, Pa., 72, 220, 285 Fort Dakota, Dak., 16 Fort Lyon, N. M., 54 Flint, Mich., 42, 260 Fort Dallas, Fla., 18, 208, 241 Fort McHenry, Md., 38, 178, 212, 256 Flippiu's Barrens, Ark., 12 Fort Dalles, Oreg., 70, 220, 284 Fort McIntoshl, Tex., 80, 222, 226, 292 Florence, Ala., 8, 233 Fort D. A. Russell, Wyoru., 90, 224, Fort MeKavett, Tex., 80, 222, 292 Florida, 18, 19, 20, 21, 10S,109, 112, 299 Fort Mackinac, Mich., 42, 212, 260 136, 1;8, 151, 152, 154, 155, 158, Fort Davis, Tex., 80, 222, 291 Fort Macon, N. C., 64, 218, 278 171, 172, 178, 182, 183, 208, 209, Fort Dearborn, Ill., 23 Fort McPherson, Brit. No. Amer., 2 226, 227, 228, 240, 241, 242, 243, Fort Delaware, Del., 18, 206, 240 Fort McIPherson, Nebr., 50, 214, 226, 305, 308, 309, 318 Fort des MIoines, Iowa, 30 265 Flushing, N. Y., 5;, 57, 271 Fort Deyinatd, Fla., 18, 241 Fort McRae, N. M., 54, 216, 226, 268 F'olsoIm, Cal., 12 Fort Dodge, Iowa, 30, 210, 250 Fort Mladison, Iowa, 30, 210, 250, 305 Fond du Lat., Minn., 44 Fort Dodge, Kas., 32, 210, 251 Fort Marcy, N. M., 54 Fontanelle, Iowa, 32 Fort Duncan, Tex., 80, 222, 226, 292 Fort MIarjon, Fla., 18, 19,178, 208,241 Fontanelle, Nebr., 50, 265 Fort Edward, N. Y., 56, 271 Fort Martin Scott, Tex., 80, 2.2 Fordham, N. Y. 56 Fort Ellis, Mont., 48, 214, 227, 265 Fort Mason, Tex., 80, 222, 226, 292 Forest City, Minn., 44, 262 Fort IE'nterprise, Brit. No. Amner., 4 Fort MassacLhusetts, Colo., 15 Forestville, Mich., 42 F'ort Ewell, Tex., 80, 292 Fort Mleade, Fla., 18, 208, 241 Forrestville, Iowa, 30, 249 Fort Fairfield, Me., 36, 254 Fort Merrill, Tex., &0, 292 Fort Abercrombie, Dak., 16, 206, 227, Fort Fanning, Fla., 18, 241 Fort Micanopy, Fla., 18, 241 239 Fort Fauntleroy, N. M., 54 Fort Mifflill, Pa., 72, 220, 286 Fort Adams, R. I., 76, 220, 289 Fort Fettelman, Wyom., 90, 224, 227, I Fort Mill, S. C., 76 Fort 3 la Come, Brit. No. Amer., 2 299 Fort Miller, Cal., 12, 206, 22(., 236 Fort Anderson, Brit. No. Amer., 2 Fort Fillmore, N. M., 54, 216, 226, 268 Fort Mlojave, Ariz., 12, 204, 226, 235 Fort Ann, N. Y., 56, $71 Fort Foote, Md., 212 Fortress Monroe, Va., 84, 222, 295 LIST OF STATIONS. 325 Fort Mlolrgan, Ala., 8, 9,112, 122, 135, Fort Trumbull, Ct., 16, 206, 237 Garlandsville, Miss., 46, 263 138, 150, 154, 155, 158, 2133 Fort Umpqua, Oreg., 70, 220, 284 G;alick, Mich., 43 Fort IMoran, Colo., 16, 237 Fort Unlliol, N. MI., 54, 216, 268 Garysville, Va., 84, 295 Fort MIoultrie, S. C., 76, 178, 222, 290, lF'ort Vancouver, Wash., 86, 224, 297 Garrettsville, Ohio, 66 304 Folt Villegagnon, Brazil, 152 Gaston, N. C., 64, 278 Fort MIyers, Fla., 18, 208, 241 Fort Wacassassa, Fla., 20, 242 Geneva, N. Y., 58, 183, 191, 271 Fort Nascopie, Brit. No. Amer., 4 Fi'ort Wacohootee, Fla., 20, 242 Geneva Hall, Ohio, 68 Fort Niagara, N. Y., 58, 216, 271 Fort Wadsworth, Dak., 1t;, 206, 226, Georgia, 20, 21, 22, 23, 201, 208, 209, Fort Nicliols, Alaska, 10 240 243, 305, 308, 309, 311 Fort Norman, Brit. No. Amer., 4 Fort Walla-Walla, Wash., 86, 224, Georgetown, Brit. Guiana, 94 Fort Ontario, N. Y., 58, 216, 271 297 Georgetownr, Ct., 16, 238 Fort Oxford, Oreg., 70, 220, 284 Fort Warren, Mass., 40, 212, 258 Geolgetownll D. C., 18, 240 Fort Pierre, Dak., 16, 182, 239 Fort Washington, Md., 38, 212, 256 Georgetown, Del., 18, 240 Fort l'ierce, Fla., s18, 208, 241 Fort Washlington, Ohio, 66 Georgetowll, Mass., 4(), 258 Fort Pike, La., 34, 210, 253 Fort Washita, Ind. T.,28,210,248, 305 Germantown, N. Y., 58 Fort P. Kearney, Wyom., 90, 299 Folt Wayne, Ark., 12, 235 Germantown, Ohliio, 66, 280 Fort Preble, Me., 36, 212, 254 Fort Wayne, Ind., 26 Germantown, Pa., 72, 220, 286, 304 Fort Prince of Wales, Brit. No. Amer., Fort Wayne, Mich., 42 Germany, 110, 193 4 Fort Webster, N. M., 54, 268 Gettysburg, Pa., 72, 286 Fort Polk, Tex., 80 Fort West, N. M., 54 Gila Rivelr, N. M., 106 Forlt Poillt, Cal., 14, 206, 227, 236, 305 Fort Wheelock, Fla., 19 Gilbelrt's Tl'radillg Post, Wyom., 90 Folrt Porter, N. Y., 58, 218, 271 Folrt Whipple, Ariz., 12, 204, 235 Gilmer, Tex. (3 m'ls W. of), 80, 222, Fort Quitiannla, rex., 80, 15], 292 Fort Wilkins, Mich., 42, 261 292 Fort Rae, Brit. No. Amer., 4 Fort Williams, Ontario, 8, 232 Gilmore, Ohio, 66, 280 Folt Randall, Dak., 16, 206, 239 Fort Wingate, N. MI., 54, 216, 268 Glasco, N. Y., 58, 272 Fort Ransom, Dak., 16, 206, 226, 239 Fort Winnebago, Wise., 88, 224, 298 Glasgow Station, near, Va., 84, 295 Fort Readling, Cal., 14, 206, 236 Fort Wise, Colo., 16 Glendale, near, Nebr., 50, 214, 265 Folrt Reliance, Brit. No. Amner., 4 Fort Wolcott, R. I., 76, 220, 289 Glenwood Cottage, Tenn., 78,222, 291 F'oft Resoluttion, Brit. No. Amer., 4 Fort Wood, La., 34, 210, 253 Golconda, Ill., 24, 245 Fort Reynolds, Colo., 16, 237 Fort Wood, N. Y., 58 (Grolden City, Colo., 16 Fort Rice, Dak., 16, 239 Fort Worth, Tex., 80, 222, 292 Golden Gate, Cal., 106, 227 Fort Richardson, Tex., 80, 222, 292 Fort Wrangel, Alaska, 10, 204, 226, Godthaab, Greenl., 2 Fort Ridgeley, Minne., 44, 200, 201, 234 Goliad, Tex., 80, 292 214, 2(62 Fort Yamhill, Oreg., 70, 220, 284 Goldsboro, N. C., 64, 278 Fort Riley, Kas. (Kansas River), 32, Fort Yukon, Alaska, 10 Gonzales, Tex., 80, 292 210, 251 Fort Yuma, Cal., 14, 161, 206, 236 Good Water MIission, Ind. T., 28 Fort Ripley, MIinne., 44, 214, 227, 262 Fountain Dale, Pa., 72, 286 Gordon, Fla., 20 Fort Ross, Cal., 14, 236 Foxcraft, Me., 36 Goshen, Ct., 16, 238 Fort Ruby, Nev., 50, 214, 266 Framingham, Mass., 40 Coshen, N. Y., 53, 218, 272 Fort Russell, Fla., 18, 19, 242 Francestown, N. H., 50, 266 Gosport Navy Yard, Va., ~5 Fort Salbine, La., 34 Frankford Arsenal, P'a., 72, 112, 138, Gouverneur, N. Y., 58, 218, 227, 272 Fort St. Michael, Alaska, 10 148, 154, 155, 220 Gowdlysville, S. C., 76, 290 Fort St. Philip, La., 35 Franklin, Iowa, 30, 250 Grafton, Mass., 40 Fort Sanders, Wyom., 90, 224, 227, Franklin, Ohio, 6(6 Grafton, Vt., 82 299 Franlklin, Pa., 72, 286 Graftoll, W. Va., 88, 297 Fort Schuyler, N. Y., 57 Franklin, Tenn., 78 Grand Haven, Mlich., 42, 212, 261 Fort Scott, Kas., 32, 210, 251 Franklin, Tex., 80 Grand Portage, Minn., 44 Fort Sedlwick, Colo, 16, 237 Franklin Acad., N. Y., 60, 62 Grand Rapids, Mich., 42, 2G1 Fort Soldel, N. M., 54, 216, 2,8 Franklin Coll., Ohio, 68 Grand Traverse Lt. Ho., Mich., 44 Fort Severn, Md., 38, 212, 256 Fre(lderick City, Md., 38, 256 Grant City, Iowan, 30, 250 Folt Sewall, Mass., 40 Fredericksbulg, Va., 84 Granville, Ill., 24 Fort Shannon, Fla., 18, 212 Frederictoin, N. Br., 6 Granville, Ohio, 66, 220, 280 Folt Shaw, Mont., 48, 214, 22G, 227, Fredonia, N. Y., 58, 218, 271 Great Bear Lake, Brit. No. Amer., 182 265 Freedoln, Ohio, 66, 280 Great Falls, N. H., 50 Fort Sill, Ind. T., 2S, 210 Freehold, N. J., 52, 268 Great Lakes, 105 Fort Sirnmcoe, Wash., 8, 296 Freeport, Pa., 72 Great Salt Lake City, Utah, 82, 222, Fort Simnpson, Brit. No. Amer., 4,182, )Fremont, Ohio, 66 293 204, 226, 227, 230 Fremont Centre, Ill., 24, 245 Great Slave Lake, Brit. No. Amer., Fort Sinitlh, Ark., 12, 204, 235 Friedriclisthal, Greelnl., 2 182 Fort Snelling, Minne., 44, 171, 172, Friendship, N. Y., 58, 271 Green Bay, Wisc., 88, 299 178, 20, 201, 214, 262, 305, 308, 309, Friendship, Tenn., 78 Greencastle, Ind., 26 311, 313, 318 Flolntera, Mex., 90 Greencastle, Pa., 72 Fort Stanton, N. M., 54, 216, 268 Fryeburg, MIe., 36 Greene Springs, Ala., 8, 233 Fort Steilacooln, Wash., 86, 224, 296 Greenfield, Wise., 88 Fort Stevens, Oreg., 70, 220, 284 Green Lake, Wise., 88, 299 Fort Stevensoli, Dalk., 16, 182, 239 Gardner, Kas., 32 Greenland, 2, 3, 110, 1', 122, 123, For t Sully, Dak., 16, 206, 226, 239 Gaines, Minn., 44 138, 139, 154, 155, 158, 174, 176, 177, Folt Sullivan, Me., 36, 21'2, 254 Gaines, N. Y., 58, 218, 271 181,182, 226, 230 Fort Sumner, N. M., 54, 216, 2638 Gainesville, Fla., 20, 242 Green Motunt, Ind., 26 Fort Tejon, Cal., 14, 20i1, 23(6 Galesburg (University), Ill., 24, 208, Green Plains, N. C., 64 Folt Terrett, Tex., 80, 292 245 Greensboro, Ala., 8, 9, 233 Fort'ITer-Waw, Cal., 14, 206, 236 Galesville, Wise., 88 Greenville, N. Y., 58, 27i2 Fxoit Tlhompson, Wyom., 90 Gallatin, Tenn., 78, 291 G,'enville, S. C., 76, 290 Fort Thorn, N. M., 54, 161, 216, 268 Gallipolis, Ohio, 6(;, 280 Greenville, Tenn., 78 For t Tollgate, Ariz., 11 Galveston, Tex., 80, 122, 135, 136, 138, Greenwich, N. J., 52, 21 6, 268 Fort Tonigass, Alask;a, 10, 204, 234 151, 158, 292 Greenwood, Dak., 17 Fort Totten, Dak., 16, 240 Gamb)ier, Olhio, 66; Grenada, Miss., 46, 263 Fort Townshelli, WTashl., 86, 224 Gardiner, Me., 36, 212, 254, 302, 303, Griffin, Ga., 20 Fort Towson, Ind. T., 28, 210, 248, 305' 304 Grifth's Island, Brit. No. Amer., 2 326 LIST OF STATIONS. Guadeloupe, Carib. Isl., 94 Homer, N. Y., 58, 218, 272 Johnstown, N. Y., 58, 218, 272 Guanabacoa, Dutch Guiana, 96 Homnestead, Mich., 42, 261 Johllnstown, Pa., 72, 2G86 Guatemala, 92, 93? 300 Honduras, 92, 93, 300 Joliet, Ill., 24 Guatem-ala, Guat., 92, 300 IHIoniesdale, Pa., 72 Junction City, Kas., 32 Gulf of California, 105 HIornersville, Mo., 48, 263 Gulf of Mexico, Mex., 90 Ioughlton, Micil., 45 Gulf stream, 105 Houlton, Me., 36 Kalamazoo. Alichl., 43 Guiana (British), 94, 95 IIouseville, N. Y., 58s, 272 Kanawah, W. Va., 88, 297 Guiana (Dutch), 96, 97, 301 Itouston, Tex., 80, 292 Kanawah Salines, W. Va., 89 Guttenberg, Iowa, 30, 210, 250 HIoyleton, Ill., 24, 245 Kandotta, Minn., 44 Hudson, N. Y., 58, 218, 272 Kansas, 32, 33, 178, 200, 201, 210, IIudson, Ohio, 66, 220, 280 211, 226, 227, 250, 251, 252, 305, HIaddonfield, N. J., 52, 216, 268 IIudson Valley, N. Y., 106 310, 313, 318 Hagerstown, Mi., 38 Iutigdo, N.., I, 58 Kansas City, Mo., 48, 264 Halifax, N. S., 6, 204, 230, 231 Huntilngdlon, Pa., 72 Keene, N. H., 50 Hall Land, Brit. No. Amer., 176, 177 Huntsville, Ala., 8, 204 Keene, Ollio, 66 Hamlilton, N. Y., 58, 218, 272 Huntsville, Tex., &0 IKelley's Island, Ohio, 66, 220, 280 Hamilton College, N. Y., 56 Itron, Ohio, 66 Kenansville, N. C., 64, 278 Hamilton, Ontario, 8, 232 KI(endallville, Ind., 26 Hamlinton, Pa., 72 Kennebec Ars., Me., 36 Hampden, Me., 36 Iberia, Ohio, 66 IKenosha, Wise., 88, 299 Hampton, Va., 84, 295 Iceland, 2, 3 IKentland, Ind., 26, 247 Hancock Barracks, MIe., 36, 212, 255 Idaho, 22, 23, 208, 209, 226, 243 Kelton, Ohio, 66, 280 Hannllibal, Io., 48, 263 Igloolik, Brit. No. Amer., 2 Kentucky, 34, 210, 211, 252, 315 Hanover, N. H., 50, 267 Illinois, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27,208,209, KIenyon Coll., Ohio, 66 Harmar, Ollio, 167 244, 245, 246,315 IKeokuk, Iowa, 30 Harney Depot, Wash., 87 Illoolook, Alaska, 10, 176, 181, 182, Keytesville, Mo., 48 Iarper's Ferry, Va., 84 204, 234 Key VVest, Fla., 1(19, 112, 154,155,158, Iarrlisburg, Pa., 72, 220, 286 Independence, Iowa, 30, 210, 250 171, 172, 178, 182, 183, 208, 226, _arris Grove, Iowa, 30, 250 Indiana, 26, 27, 28, 29, 208, 209, 246, 227, 242 Harrisonville, Mo., 48, 214, 263 247, 248, 315 Kinderhook, N. Y., 5S, 218, 272 Ilartford, Ct., 16, 238 Indiana, Pa., 72 King's Mill, Ill., 24 Yalrtford, Vt., 83 Indianapolis, Ind., 26, 247 Kingston, Jamaica, 94, 301 Harwich, Mass., 40 Indian Key, Fla., 208, 227 IKingston, Mass., 40, 258 -artwick, N. Y., 58, 218, 272 Indianola, Tex., 80 Kingston, Miss., 46 Hartwood, Va., 84 Indian Territory, 28, 29, 178, 210, Kingston, N. Y., 58, 218, 273!arveysburg, Ind., 26, 240 211, 226, 248, 305,310, 313 Kingston, Ohio, 66, 280:astings, Minn., 44 Indian Valley, Cal., 14 Kingston, Ontario, 8, 232 -avana, Ala., 9 Ionia, Nebr., 50 Kinlogumnissee, Brit. No. Amer., 4 Havana, Cuba, 94, 224, 301 Iowa, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33,178, 210, Kniglit Ho.-pital, Ct., 16 Havana, Ill., 24 211,227,248,249,250, 305,308,309, Kinox Hill, Fla., 20, 242 Havana, N. Y., 58 313 Knoxville, Tenn., 78, 291 -averford College, Pa., 72, 286 Iowa City, Iowa, 30, 210, 250 IKoniska, Minn., 44, 263 Hazelwood, Minin., 46 Iowva Falls, Iowa, 30, 250 Koos-koos-kee, Wash., 86 -azleton, Pa., 72 Ipswichl, Mass., 40 IKotzebue Sound, Alaska, 10 HIazlewood, Minn., 44, 263 Island of St. Helen, Quebec, 231 _?atley, Quebec, 6 Isthmus, Mid., 38 Heatlhville, Va., 84 Isthmus Bay, Brit. No. Amer., 4 Laborville, Mo., 48 Hebelville, Utahl, 82, 293 Itasea, Minnl., 44 Labrador, Brit. No. Amer., 176, 230 Hebron, Brit. No. Amer., 4 Ithaca, N. Y., 58, 218, 272 Laconia, Ind., 2(, 247 IHIelena, near, Ark., ] 2, 235 Lac qui parle, Minn., 46 Helena, Tex., 80 La Fargeville, N. Y., 58, 273 Helena City, Mont., 48, 265 Jackson, La., 34 Lafayette, Ind., 26 Ielmatite, MIo., 48, 263 Jackson, Michill., 42 Lafayette, Ohio, 66 Hennepin, Ill., 24, 245 Jackson, Miss., 46 Laguna, N. M., 54 Hennepin Co., Minn., 44, 263 Jackson, N. C., 64 La Grange, Ga., 20 Ilenrietta, N. Y., 58, 272 Jackson, Ohio, 66, 122, 133, 134, 154, La Grange Tenn., 78 IHeredia, Costa Rica, 92, 300 280 La Guayra, Venez., 96 Hermlitage, Mo., 48, 263 Jacksonburg, Ohio, 66, 280 Lake City, Fla., 20, 242 Hermitage, N. Y., 58, 272 Jacksonport, Ark., 12 Lake George, Mich., 42 Hernando, Miss., 4( Jauksollville, Fla., 20, 242 Lake Mills, Wisc., 88 Hesper, Iowa, 30 Jacksonville, Ill., 24, 245 Lake Scuppernong, N. C., 64 Itewlett's Station, near, Va., 84 Jacobshavn, Greenl., 2 Lake Temiscamingue, Ontario, 8 Hibernia, Fla., 20 Jalapa, Ind., 26 Lake Washlington, Miss., 46 Highland, Ill., 24, 208, 245 Jamaica, 94, 95, 301 Lake Washington, Wash., 86 Higli Open Prairie, Ill., 23 Jamaica, N. Y., 58, 218, 272 Lake Winibigoshish, MIinn., 46 Iillsnoro, Ohio, 66, 220, 280 Jamestown, N. Y., 58, 272 Lambertsville, N.J., 52, 268 Hillsborough, (la., 20 Janesville, Wise., 88, 299 Lancaster, Ohio, 66, 281 Hillsborougll, Ill., 24 Japonski Island, Alaska, 11 Lancaster, Pa., 72 Hilton H, ead, S. C., 76, 290 Jauja, Peru, 98 Lancaster Colliery, Pa., 72, 286 Hinsdale, Mass., 40, 258 Jefferson, Ohio, 64 Lansing, Mich., 42, 212, 261 Hiram, Me., 36, 255 Jeffierson, Tex., 80, 292 Lansingburgh, N. Y., 58, 218, 273 Hiram, OChio, 66, 280 Jefferson Barracks, Mo., 48, 214, 263,- Laphamsville, Mich., 42, 261 Holland, Wise., 88, 299 305 Laporte, Ind., 26 Holland, Mich., 42, 2(j1 Jefferson City, Mo., 48, 263 Lapwai, Idaho, 22 Hollidaysburg, Pa., 72, 286 Jefferson College, Pa., 70 Larissa, Tex., 80, 292 Holliday's Cove, W. Va., 88 Jeffersonville, Ind., 26, 247 Las Vegas, N. M., 54, 269 Holly Springs, Miss., 46 Jericho, N. Y., 58 Latrobe, Pa., 72 tIolton, Kas., 32, 210, 251 Joaquin Valley, Cal., 106 Lavaca, Tex., 80, 292 LIST OF STATIONS. 327 Lawn, Ill., 24 Ludlowville, N. Y., 58 Mechanicsville, N. J., 53 Lawrence, Kas., 32, 210, 251 Lunenburgh, Mass., 40, 212, 258 Mechanicsville, Va., 84, 296 Lawvrence, Miass., 40, 212, 258 Lunenburg, Vt., 82, 222, 294 Medfield, Mlass., 40, 258 Leavenworth City, Kas., 32, 210, 251, Luzerne, N. Y., 58 iMedlina, Ohio, 66 305 Lynchburg, Va., 84, 296 IMeeker's Store, Ill., 24 Lebanon, Ill., 24, 245 Lynchbulg, Va. (6 m'ls W. of), 84 Melville Islaid, Brit. No. Amer., 2, Lebanon, Ky., 34 Lynde Point Lt. Ho., Ct., 16, 238 138, 140 Lebanon, Ohio, 66 Lynn, Mass., 40 Memphis, Tenn., 78, 291 Lebanon, Tenn., 78 Lyons, Iowa, 30 Menaslha, Wisc., 88 Lebanon, Wise., 88 Lyons, N. Y., 58, 273 MIendon, Mlass., 40, 212, 258 Lecompton, I(as., 32 Merom, Ind., 28, 247 Lecdyard, N.Y., 58, 218, 273 Mexico, 90, 91, 92, 93, 224, 225, 300 Lee, Me., 36, 255 McGrawville, N. Y., 58, 273 MIexico City, Mex., 90, 92,:-00 Lee Centre, Ill., 24 Mlacon, Ga,, 20 Mexico, N. Y, 60, 218, 274 Lee's Creek, Ind. T., 28 MIacon (Lewis High School), Ga.R 20 Micanopy, Fla., 20, 242 Lelligh University, Pa., 72, 286 Macon, Mich., 42 Michigan, 42, 43, 44, 45, 112, 113, Leitersburg, Md., 38, 256 Madelia, Minn., 46, 263 122, 125, 126, 138, 144, 154, 155, Lenllox, Mass., 40 Madison, Ind., 26, 247 158, 178, 179, 212, 213, 227, 260, Leominster, Mass., 40 MIadison, Ohio, 66, 281 261, 262 Leon, Nicar., 92 Madison, C. H., Va., 84 Michigan City, Ind., 28, 247 Leonardtown, Md., 38, 256 Madison, Wise., 88, 299 Miclhipicoten, Ontario, 8, 23'2 Le Roy, Kas., 32, 251 Madison Barracks, N. Y., 58, 218, 227, Middlebury, N. Y., 60, 218, 274 Lerloy, N. Y., 58 273 Middlebury, Vt., 82, 222, 294 Lesser Cross Roads, N. J., 52 Madrid, N. Y., 58, 273 Middletown, Ct., 16, 206, 238 Lewisville, Va., 84, 295 Magnolia (near), Ill., 24 Middletown, N. J., 52 Lewisburg, W. Va., 88, 297 Maine, 36, 37, 171, 178, 187.193, 200, MIifflintown, Pa., 72 Lewisburg iniv., Pa., 72, 220, 286 201, 212, 213, 227, 253, 254, 255, Milford, Del., 18, 240 Lewiston, N. Y., 58, 218, 273 302, 303, 304, 306, 307, 311, 312, Milford, Ill., 24, 246 Lewistown, Pa., 72, 286 315, 316, 318 Milford, Pa., 72 Lexington, Ky., 34 Malone, N. Y., 60, 218, 273 Military Academy, N. Y., 62 Lexington, Va., 84, 295 MIanatee, Fla., 20, 242 Military Posts, U. S., 111 Leyden, N. Y. 58, 273 Mancllester, Ill., 24, 208, 245 Milledgeville, Ga., 20 Liberty, N. Y., 58, 273 Manchester, Iowa, 30, 250 Millersburg, Ky., 34, 252 Lichtenau, Greenl., 2 MIancllester, Mich., 42 Mill Point, Mich., 44, 261 Lichtenlfels, (reenl., 2 Manchester, N. H., 52, 267 MIillville, N. Y., 60, 218, 274 Lima, N. Y., 58 Manchester, Pa., 72 Milnersville, Ohio, 68 Lima, Pa., 72 Manhattan, IKas., 32, 210, 251 Milo, N. Y., 60, 274 Limna, Peru, 98 Manheim, Germany, 110 Milton, Ind., 28, 247 Lincoln, Nebr., 50 Manitowoc, Wisc., 8S, 224, 299 Miilton, Mass., 40, 258 Lin(ien, Pa., 72 Manlketo, Minn., 46 Milwaukee, Wise., 88, 178, 224, 299 Linneus, Me., 36 lanflins, Ill., 24 Minatitlan, Mex., 92 Lisbon, Me, 36, 255 MIansfield, Olhio, 66 Millaville, N. Y., 60, 274 Lisle, N.Y., 58 MIanzanilla Isla(nd, New Granada, 96 line Creek, Tex., 79 Litchfield, Ct., 16 Mapleton, Kas., 32 Mineral Ridge, Iowa, 30 Litclhtielt, Mich., 42, 261 Maquoketa, Iowa, 30 Mlinneapolis, Minn., 46, 214, 227, 263 Litclfield, Minn., 46 Maracaybo, Venez., 96 Minnesota, 44, 45, 46, 47, 105, 171, Little Compton, R. I., 76 MIarathon, N. Y., 60 172, 178, 179, 200, 201, 214, 215, Little Genesee, N. Y., 58, 273 Marble Rock, Iowa, 30 226, 227, 262, 263, 305, 308, 309, Little Mountain, Ohio, 66, 2S1 Mare Island, Naval Hospital, Cal., 14 311, 313, 318 Little Rock, Ark., 12, 204, 235 Marengo, Ill., 24, 245 Mirador, Mex., 92, 224, 300 littleton, N. H., 52, 267 iMarlgaretta, Ohio, 66, 2S1 Mlishawaka, Ind.. 28 Little Whale River, Brit. No. Amer., Marietta, Ohio, 66, 171, 172, 178,191, Mississippi, 46, 47, 178, 179, 214, 4, 230 192, 193, 194, 196, 20(), 201, 220, 215, 263 Livingston, Ala., 9 281, 305, 317, 318, 319, 320 Mississippi River, 104 Lizard, Iowa, 30 Marion, C. H., Miss., 46,,263 Mississippi valley, 157 Lo, Ind., 2(6 Marionu Ohio, 66, 220, 281 Missoula, Mont., 48 Loamni, Ill., 24, 245 Miarlborough, N. C., 64 Missouri, 48, 49, 171, 178, 179, 214, Lockhiart, Tex., 80 Marquette, Mich., 44, 212, 261 215, 263, 264, 305, 308, 309, 313, Lockport, N. Y., 58, 273 Marsh Ranche, Cal., 14 315 Lodi, N. Y., 58, 273 IMartinsburg, N. Y., 60 Mobile, Ala., 8, 204, 233 Loaln, Iowa, 31 Miartin's Ferry, Ohio, 66 Mlollawk, N. Y., 60, 109, 11 12,122127, Loganspolt, Ind., 26, 247 Maryland, 38, 39, 178, 212, 213,256, 128, 129, 130, 138, 145, 154, 155 Lonldon, Ky., 34 257 158, 162, 163, 218, 274, xiii, xiv London(lerry, N. H., 52, 267 Marysville, Cal., 14, 236 Moneka, Kas., 32 Londlon Ridge, N. H., 52, 267 Mason, N. H., 52 Monroe, Ala., 8 Lonlg Branch, N. J., 52 Mlassachusetts, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, IMonroe, Ill., 24 Long Point, Tex., 8 1 112, 122, 130, ]31, 138, 146, 154, Monroe, La., 34 Lonrgwood, Va., 84 ]55, 157, 15S, 178, 187, 188, 193, Monroe, Mich., 44, 212, 261 Lookout Mountain, Tenn., 78, 291 194, 200, 201, 212, 213, 257, 258, MIonrloe C., Ohio, 66, 280 Loi A\nigeles, Cal., 14 259, 260, 304, 306, 307, 311, 312, 318 Monroeville. Ala., 8 Los Pinos, N. M., 54, 26o9 Matarmolas, Mex., 90 Montana, 48, 49, 106, 214, 215, 226, Lsouisiana, 34, 35, 178,181, 210, 2l1, MIatanzas, Cuba, 94 227, 2t;5 226, 252, 253, 305,:10 M)lattoon, Ill., 24, 245 Montei~ey, Cal., 14, 206, 236 Louisville, Ill., 24, 245 Muaysville, Ky., 34 M Iontevidleo, Uruguay, 98 Louisville, Ky., 34, 252 Mazatlan, Mlex.. 90, 300 M Iontgomery, Ala., 8 Louisvilie, Ohio, 66 M vIeadow Dale, Va., 84, 296 M Iontgomnery, Colo., 16 Lowell, Mass., 40, 258 M leadlow Valley, Cal., 14, 236 Montgomlery, N. Y., 60, 218, 274 Lowell, Wise., 88, 299 M ieadlville, Pa., 72, 286 Monticello, Iowa, 30, 210, 250 Lowville, N. Y., 58, 218, 227, 273 Mercersburg, Pa., 72 Monticello, Miss., 4j 328 LIST OF S'T'ATIONS. MIontpelier, Vt., 82, 294 Newark Valley, N. Y, 60, 274 Nicholsville, Ohio, 63 Montreal, Quebec, 6, 122, 125, 138, Newark, Olio, 68, 281 Nichols, N.Y., 60, 218, 274 143. 154, 155, 200, 201, 204, 231, Newark (near), Va., 84 Nicolet, Quebec, 6, 232 232, 304, 306, 307 New Athens, Ohio, 68 Nightingale Hall, S. C., 76, 290 Montross, Va., 84, 296 New Bedford, Mass., 40,178, 212, 258, Nolin, Ky., 34 Montville, Ohio, 66, 281 304, 318 Norfolk, Va., 84, 296 Moolreland, Pa., 72, 220, 286 Newbelrn, Ala., 8 Norlristown, Pa., 74, 287 Mloorestown, N. Y., 52 New Birmingham, Ohio, 68, 281 Northampton, Mass., 40 MIoose Factory, Brit. No. Amer., 4, 230 New Braunfels, Tex., 80, 292 North Argyle, N. Y., 60 Morgantown, N. C., 64 New B1ru1swick, N. J., 52, 268 North Attleboro, Mass., 40, 259 Moriches, N. Y., 60, 218, 274 New Brunswick, Province of, 6, North Barnllstead, N. H., 52, 267 Morley, N. Y.,;0 7, 204, 205, 231 North Bass Island, Ohio, 68, 281 Morris Island, S. C., 76 New Buffalo, Mich., 44, 261 North Bend, Ohio, 68, 282 Morrisania, N. Y., 60, 274 Newburg, N. Y., 60, 218, 274 North Billerica, Mass., 40, 212, 259 Morrisville, Pa., 72, 287, 304 Newbury, Mass., 40, 259 North Bridgeton, Me., 386, 255 Mosinee, Wise., 90, 299 Newbury, Vt., 82, 294 North Carolina, 64, 65, 105, 178, Mosquito Inlet, Fla. (12 miles N.W. Newburyport, Mass., 40, 259 179, 218, 219, 277, 278, 279 of), 20 Newcastle, Ind., 27 North Colebioolk, Ct., 16 Moss Grove, Pa., 72, 287 Newcastle, Me., 36 Northern tier of Counties, Tex., 80 Moss Grove Plant'n, La., 35 Newcastle, Nel)r., 50 North Failrfieldl, Olhio, 68, 282 Mossy Creek, Va., 84, 296( Newcastle, Pa., 72, 287 North Granville, N. Y., 60, 218, 274 Mound City, Ill., 24 New Concord, Olhio, 68 North Greenwichll, Ct., 16 Moulton, Ala., 8 New Creek Depot, W. Va., 88 North Hammond, N. Y.. 0, 274 Mountain City, Colo., 15 New Danemore, Wise., 90, 299 Nortlh Littleton, N. H., 52 Mountain City, Kas., 32 New Fane, Vt., 82 North Nassau, N. Y., 60 Mount Airy, Ala., 8 Newfield, N. J., 52, 268 Northport, 1Mich., 44, 261 Mt. Auburn Inst., Ohio, 66, 281 N'ew PFoundland, 4, 5, 204, 205, 230 Nortlh Salem, N. Y., 60, 218, 275 Mount Carmel, Ind., 28, 247 New Germantown, N. J., 52, 268 North Scituate, R. I., 76, 289 Mt. Holly, N. J., 52, 2(68 New Granada, 96, 97, 224, 225, 301 Nolrthumberland, Pa., 74 Mount Hope, Ind., 28, 247 New Hampshire, 50, 51, 52, 53, 216, Nolrthumberland Sound, Brit. No. Mount Joy, Pa., 72, 220, 287 217, 226, 227, 266, 267 Amen., 2 Mt. Morris, Wise., 90 New lHarmonly, Ind., 28, 208, 247 North Union, Iowa, 30, 250 Mount Olive, N. C., 64. New IIaven Ct., 1(, 112,122, 131,132, Nolrth Volhey, N. Y., 60, 275 Mount Pleasant, Iowa, 30, 250 138, 147, 154, 155, 170, 171, 172, Nolrtllwood, Ohio, 68 Mt. Pleasant, N. Y., 60, 218, 274 178, 196, 200, 201, 206, 238, 302, Norton, Olhio, 68 Mount Pleasant, S. C., 76 304, 306, 307, 310, 311, 312, 318, Norwalk, Ohio, 68, 220, 282 Mt. St. Mary's College, Md., 212 319, 320, xiii, xiv Norway, Wise., 90, 299 Mount Savage, Md., 38 New Holland, Ohio, 68 Norway, Me., 37 Mount Solon, Va., 84, 296 New Itolstein, Wise., 90 Norway House, Brit. No. Amer., 4,182 Mount Sterling, Ill., 24, 246 New Jersey, 52, 53, 216, 217, 267, Norwich, Ct., 16, 238 Mt. Tabor, Ohio, 68 268 Norwichl Vt., 82, 294 Mt. Union, Ohio, 68 New Lisbon, Ohio, 68, 220, 281 Nova Scotia, Province of, 6, 7, Mount Vernon, Iowa, 30, 210, 250 New Lisbon, Wise., 90, 299 171, 184, 200, 201, 204, 205, 230, Moullt Vernonl, Ohio, 6G New London, Ct., 16, 238 231 Mt. Vernon (near), Va., 86 New London, Wise., 89 Notre Dame, Ind., 28 Mt. Vernon Arsenal, Ala., 8, 204, 233 New Mexsico, 55, 106,109, 161,162, Nottinghamn, Md., 38 Mount View, Va., 84, 296 181, 216, 217, 226, 268, 269 N. R. lIills. W. Va., 88 Mt. Washington, N. II., 52 New York, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, Nulato, Alaska, 10 Murll'reesboro, N. C., 64, 278 61, 62, 10t, 109, 112, 122, 127, 128, Nulrsery Elill., Nebr., 50 Mullberry Hill, Va., 84, 296 129, 130, 132, 138, 145, 147, 154, Nye HerIlhut, Greenl., 2 Muncie, Ind., 28, 247 155, 157, 158, 162, 163, 178, 179, Murphy's, Cal., 14, 236 183, 191, 21.6, 217, 216, 219, 227, Murrayville, Ill., 24 228, 269, 270, 271. 272, 273, 274, Oakland, Md., 38 Murraysville, Pa., 72, 287 275,276277,304, 306, 3()7, xiii, xiv Oaklands. N. Y., 60 Malucatille, lowa, 30, 178, 210, 250, New York, N.Y., 60,218, 274,304,306, Oakland, Tex., 80, 292 305, 3 8, 309, 313 307 Oaklan(l Observ., Pa., 74 Muskegon, Mich., 44, 261 New Orleans, La., 34, 178, 181, 210, Oberlin, Olhio, 68, 282 226, 253 Ocala, Fla., 20, 242 Newport, Fla., 20 Ogdensburgh, N. Y., (0, 275 Nachusa Nursery, Ill., 24 Newport, Illd., 28 Oglethorpe B'ks, Ga., 22, 2(18, 243, 305 Nain, Brit. No. Amer., 4, 176 Newport, R. I., 7(, 2209 289' Ohio, 64, 65, 6;6, 67, 68, 69, 122, 133, Nantucket, Mass., 40, 212, 258 Newport, Vt.. 82, 294 134, 154, 171, 178, 179, 191, 192, Naperville, Ill., 24 Newport Barracks, Ky., 34, 210, 252 193, 194, 196, 198, 200, 201, 22(, Nashville, Tenn., 78 New Providence, Bahama Isls., 92 221, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 305, Nassau, Bahania Isls., 92, 300 New Richmrond, Wisc., 90 308, 309, 311, 315, 317, 318, 319, 320 Natchez, Miss., 46, 214, 263 New San Diego, Cal., 14, 236 Ohio River (8 nil. above Cinciinnati), Navesink flighlands, N. J., 52 New Smnyrna, F'la., 20, 242 Ky., 34 Nazareth, Pa.- 72, 287 New Stone, N. J., 52 -Oil City, Pa., 74 Nebraska, 50, 51, 214, 215, 22!), 265, Newton, Iowa, 30 Okhak, Brit. No. Amern., 4 2;6' Newtoni, N. J., 52 Olathe, Kias., 32, 2110, 251 Nebraska City~, Nebr., 50, 265 Newton, Pa., 72, 287 Old Council Blufs, Nebr., 50 iN'ee- <<... z ~~~~~~~~~~cisco influenced by the sea breeze, ture, olject of, 223 age differences in, 112 ifl c by the sea bez Temperature, accidlental irregulari- summer, of thle coldest place on 1'.. <'.>................ Washingtons Territory, northlwestern ties, 193 tile Pacific conmpared withl that Wasingto Teritory, northwestern causes affecting, 109 of tle corresponding place on part of, 1(05 coincidlncnes, 193 leAani10 Wind, comparison of the secular the Atlantic, 106a compalisoll of decrease between tale of erage dircs in, variation in the teperature certain limits of the UT. S. in 1 2 and the average annual direcdifferent seasons, 103 to be stud~ied in connection witll tion of the, 316, 317 comparison of thle average annual other phenomena., 317 directi.,n of the wind and the true distihntion of, near the diagram illustrating the relation secular variation in the tem- of thle secullar'valiation in in theter~a- sur~fa~c?, decsiredt, 10)4 pelature, 316, 317 unusual depression in May of, temperature and the diectioii, comparison of the rain-fall and 193 317 tihe secular variation in the, what corrections would be re- direction of, 317 *zar {{, a a q * a. Winter season, change.R from the 315, 316 quired in addition to that in constant in September, 193 rnducing to sea level, 104 normal temperature, 193 corrections, results of, 10(4 winter, contrast between the daily fluctuation of, 107-119 Atlantic and Pacific coasts, 106 ) Zig-zig line of temperature, 193 ERRATA. Page 15, (California) Station 54, read Frorobes. Page 65, N. Carolina Station 2::I, read Morelie. " ]8, Floricla " 2, " Atsena. " 65, Ohio ~ 11, ~' J.H. Phillips. " 18, Florida " 4, " Pilatka. ~ 67, Ohio'~ 38, " Saturns. " 21, Georgia " 13, " MeAfee.'; 67, Ohio " 45, " Owsley. " 23, Illinois " 12,'~ Eldredge. ~ 69, Ohio ~' 100, " Clung.'~ 23, Illinois " 18, ~' Brookes. " 71, Oregon " 3, " Ironside. " 23, Illinois " 18,'~ J.G. Langguth.'; 71, Pennsylvania" 14, " Grathwohl. ~' 25, Illinois " 31,'~ Elclredge. ~' 71, Pennsylvania ~' 15, " Deering. " 25, Illinois ~' 30, " Livingston.'~ 73, Pennsylvania" 31, ~' Spera. " 27, Illinois ~' 82, " JozGf6. " 73, Pennsylvania" 32, " Hance.;~ 27~ Indiana ~ ~ 26, Berthouri. ~' 73, Pennsylvania" 40, " Meehano " 27, Indiana " 26, " Helm. " 76, S. Carolina " 26, " Wickinsville. " 27, Indiana " 21, " Crosier. " 77, S. Carolina " 2,'~ Ravenel. " 29, Indiana " 35, " Crosier. ~' 77, S. Carolina " 25, ~' Ravenel. " 29, Indiana " 37, " Chappelsmith. " 7S, Tennessee " 7, " Elizabethton. ~ 31, Iowa " 44, " Collin. ~ 79, Tennessee " 20, " J.M. Parker. " 38, Marylancl ~' 11, " Emmittsburg. " 79, Texas " 3, " S. Ko Jennillgs. ~" 39, Maryland ~ 17,'~ Hanshew. " 80, Texas " 65, ~' Pin Oak. " 43, Michigan " 24, ~' Streng. ~' 81~ Texas " 61, ~' Ervendberg. " 45, Minnesota " 7, " Hibbard. " 82, Vermont " 15, ~ Lunenburg. " 46, Minnesota " 49, " Lapham. ~' 83, Vermont " 16,'~ Sheldon. " 48, Missouri " 22, ~ Keytesville. " 85, Virginia " 4, ~' Kounslar. <* 50, Blebraska ~ 5,'~ De Soto. " 85, Virginia " 5, ~ Principal. " 53, ~lew Jersey ~ g, ~ Readington. " 85, Virginia " 39, ~ Mettauero ~ 57, Blew York " 66, " Sias. " 85, Virginia ~ 41, ~' Appleyarcl. " 59, New York " 86, " Hibbard. " 91, ~vViseonsin " 37, ~ Dunegano " 61, New York " 145, ~' Partrick~ " 91, Mexico'~ 1, " Laszlo. " 61, New York " 150, " Malcolm. " 91, Mexico " 3, " Laszlo. " 62, New York " 193, " Throg's. "214, Nebraska " 4, " Kearney. " 63, New York " 178, " Maurice. "220, Oregon " 6, " Hoskins. " 63, New York " 193, " E. Morris. "257, Mary]and, column 2,,' Schellman. " 65, N. Carolina " I, " F. Jo Kro~ "296, Virginia, " 5, " Montross.'~ 65, N. Carolina " 10, " Morelie. "305, Georgia, line 4, " Oglethopeo 44 Avv.~,,876~ ( ~4:,.;3 )