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EARLY REFERENCES TO HAWAIIAN
ENTOMOLOGY
BY
J. F. ILLINGWORTH
BERNICE P. BISHOP MUSEUM
BULLETIN 2
HONOLULU, HAWAII
PUBLISHED BY THE MUSEUM
1923




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While examining the narratives of the early voyages of the Pacific, I
came across several entomological references so interesting that I decided
to extend the search and present the results in a form more readily available to workers in this field.
As the investigation proceeded, references multiplied so rapidly that
I decided to call a halt with the year i9oo, as the numerous papers appearing since that time are fairly well known.
In preparing the bibliography an effort has been made to examine all
available printed matter dealing directly or indirectly with Hawaii, but it
is not unlikely that some references have been overlooked, especially in thelogy
By J. F. ILLINGWORRH
INTRODUCTION
earlier writings of the missionarratives of the early voyages of the Pacifc, I
It icame across several ento acknowledge the assistance reces so interesting that I decided
regard to extend the search and presenublications-rom the results in a orm more readily available to workers L. Van Dine (224)1 and from the card catalogues that have been
gradually built up in Hawaiian institutions.
As the subjet of the distribution proceeded, references multiplially in the Pacific,
I decided to call a halt with the year 1900, as the numerous papers appearings a most important time are faing upon our life here in the Hawaiian islands.known.
Among insects, preparing the bically all of our pests has been madallye to examine along
available printed matter dealing directly or indirectly with Hawaii, but it
is not linkely that somerce; and even now, with our strict quarantine system,
earlier writings of the missionaries.
new ones contina pleasure to gain an entrance eassistance received-y year.
regard to the more recent publications-from the published bibliography
by D. L. Van Dine (such a review offrom the cardliterature is especially interes that have beenvalugraduable, because it up in determHawaiian ing the time of introduction and also the
The subject of the distribution of the various organisms especiallyfound in the Pacific,
DISCUSSION OF THE LITERATURE
has a most important bearing upon our life here in the Hawaiian islands.
In reviewing the written history of our pests have islands, I naturally arrived along with
the accoulines of commercthe voyages of Captain Cook (2), with our strict quarantine system, Hawaiian islands continue to gain an ent search failed to locate any reference to
Hence, although a review of the lrats, and birds espeare mentioned. However, invaluable, becau separate narrative, William Ellis,ning the time of istantroduction and this voyage of
1778, indicates clearly that at least house flies were troublesome. In describing the natives, Ellis says (i, Vol. II, p. i56),
They have also a kindributio of the various organismthers fixound in Hawaii.
DISCUSSION OF THE LITERATURE
In reviewof a thin piece of smooth and poished wood; these islands, I naturally began with
he account of the voyagrenes of Captain Cook (2) who dised the bibliography on
waiian islands in  778  Diligent search failed to  locate any reference to
insects, although dogs, hogs, rats, and birds are mentioned. However, in
a separate narrative, William Ellis, the assistant surgeon of this voyage of
1778, indicates clearly that at least house flies were troublesome. In describing the natives, Ellis says (I, Vol. II, p. 156),
They have also a kind of fly-flap, made of a bunch of feathers fixed to the
end of a thin piece of smooth and polished wood; they are generally made of the
The references in parentheses refer to works listed in the bibliography on
pages I9 to 50.




4


Bernice P. Bishop Museum-Bulletin


tail feathers of the cock but the better sort of people have them of the tropick
birds' feathers, or those belonging to a black and yellow bird called Mo-ho. The
handle is very frequently made of the bones of the arm or leg of those whom they
have killed in battle, curiously inlaid with tortoise-shell; these they deem very valuable and will not part with them under great price. This ornament is common to
superiors of both sexes.
Later, Captain Nathaniel Portlock referred to these brushes (4, p. 88)
when describing the supplies purchased from the natives:
Curiosities, too, found their way to market and I purchased two very curious
fly-flaps, the upper part composed of very beautiful variegated feathers; the handles
were human bone, inlaid with tortoise-shell in the neatest manner which gave them
the appearance of fineered (veneered) work.
Captain George Dixon, who was associated with Portlock refers to
these objects (3, p. 272) as follows:
Fans and fly-flaps are used by both sexes..   The fly-flaps are very
curious; the handles are decorated with alternate pieces of wood and bone which
at a distance has the appearance of fineered work; the upper part or flap is the
feathers of the man-of-war bird.
Vancouver, also, mentions fly-flaps (6, Vol. III, p. 42) for the dispersal
of offending insects; but makes no further references to entomology.
Apparently, the first entomological work in Hawaii was done by Doctor
Johann Friedrich Eschscholtz, who at the 'age of 22, in the capacity of
physician and naturalist, accompanied the Russian explorer Otto von Kotzebue on his first voyage. This brilliant student, upon his return to his
native country was appointed professor of anatomy and afterwards director of the zoological museum of the university at the University of Dorpat,
his native city. Kotzebue himself, though only an intelligent sailor, makes
several interesting allusions (7, Vol. I, p. 306) to the fauna of the group:
"The chief employment of the royal ladies consists in smoking tobacco,
combing their hair, driving away the flies with a fan and eating." Speaking of the king's daughter (7, Vol. I, p. 307), he says: "Behind her stood
a little negro boy, holding a silk umbrella over her head to protect her
from the rays of the sun; two other boys with tufts of red feathers, drove
away the flies from her." And in describing how the sailors were entertained at dinner ashore, Kotzebue (7, Vol. I, p. 311) relates: "Each of
them had, like us, a kanaka standing behind him with a tuft of red feathers
to drive away the flies." Finally he speaks more directly of the fauna
(7, Vol. III, p. 237), "The only original wild quadrupeds of the Sandwich
Islands are a small bat and the rat. To these is added our common mouse,
besides the flea, some species of Blatta and other noxious parasites."
In the appendix of the third volume of the narrative of Kotzebue's
voyage (7, p. 376) is the description by Eschscholtz of our native Hawaiian butterfly, Vanessai tameamea and descriptions of all the new butterflies collected in the various countries visited. The other orders of in



Illingworth —Early references to Hawaiian entomology             5
sects, taken during the voyage, were described later in separate papers, of
which the most important are his "Entomographien" (8).
A missionary, James Montgomery, states that the boat used by his party
swarmed with cockroaches at the time of its arrival in Hawaii (1822)
(I5, Vol. I, p. 365). In describing a gathering at a mission service, he
says (15, Vol. I, p. 417),"... members of the royal family had
servants in attendance with fly-flaps and fans of peacock's feathers to
cool their faces and drive away the troublesome insects." He says also
(15, Vol. I, p. 434):
There are no mosquitoes here; neither are there any bugs. When the latter
are brought on shore in bedding or packages from shipboard, they presently die;
the climate of the Society Islands is equally fatal to them. Flies are very numerous
and annoying,... The few spiders, moths and dragon flies which we have
seen, much resemble those of the South Sea Islands.
In referring to the table manners of the natives, Montgomery (Vol. I,
p. 472) writes:
When a common fly was found drowned in their messes, they seemed at once
to grow sick and turn away their faces with no equivocal expression of utter
loathing. Flies, indeed, may be said to be an abomination with these savagesprobably from some superstitious prejudice, for vermin far more disgusting are
greedily picked by them  from  their own bodies-nay, from  the very dogs-and
devoured.
Gilbert F. Mathison, an English traveler, also remarked        upon the
troublesome house flies. In speaking of the chiefs in their home life
(9, p. 365), he says he found "some asleep, some fanning away the flies...     He further states that the queen at the mission service "was
attended by several female servants, carrying fly-fans" (9, p. 378). When
dining with the natives, he notes (9, p. 401), "One brushed away
the flies.. 
C. S. Stewart, a London missionary who spent several years in the
islands, also made reference ( I, p. 153) to these annoying insects, describing the natives as "eating poe surrounded by swarms of flies...
Further, in referring to the unsanitary conditions and skin diseases of the
people, he remarked the prevalence of head-lice, saying:
Dozens may, at any time, be seen sporting among the decorated locks of
ignoble heads; while, not infrequently, a privileged few wend their way through
the garlands of princes of the blood, or trimuphantly mount the coronets of majesty
itself.
As to the servants of the chiefs and the common people, we think ourselves
fortunate indeed, if, after a call of a few minutes, we do not find living testimonies
of their visit, on our mats and floors, and even on our clothes and persons! The
bare relation of the fact, without the experience of it, is sufficiently shocking. But
the half is not told; and, I scarce dare let the truth, here, run to its climax. The
lower classes not only suffer their heads and tapas to harbour these vermin; but
they openly and unblushingly eat them! Yet so fastidious are they in point of
cleanliness, than an emetic could scarce be more efficaciously administered than to
cause them to eat from a dish in which a fly had been drowned! So much for
the force of custom, and the power of habit!




6


Bernice P. Bishop Museum-Bulletin


In 1824, Kotzebue made a second voyage to the Hawaiian islands and
was accompanied, as before, by the naturalist, Professor Eschscholtz.
Again this navigator remarked on the house flies, which were evidently
abundant. He states, "Two young girls lightly dressed, sat cross-legged
by the side of the queen, flapping away the flies with bunches of feathers,"
and that the queen ate, "Whilst two boys flapped away the flies with large
bunches of feathers" (I3, Vol. II, p. 207).
In the appendix of this second volume, Eschscholtz (X3, Vol. II, p. 357)
alludes to the entomological material collected in the Hawaiian islands:
The number of insects is small, as is indeed the case with all land animals; it
is therefore creditable to our industry, that we were able to muster twenty sorts' of
beetles. A small Platynms is the only Carabide; in the water, two Colymbetes and a
Hydrophilus were found. The only Elater belongs to a species (Agrypnus N) in
which we reckon various specimens found only in the old world, such as Elater
tormentosus, fuscipes, senegalensis, etc.; beetles which have two deep furrows in
the lower part of the neck-shield, to receive the feelers, and which go in search of
their food at night. They resemble many of the European springing beetles covered with scales and included by Megerle under the name Lepidotus; such are
fasciatus, nmurimus, varius.  Two Aphodii were found; one of the size of the
Psammodius porcalus, but very flat, lives under the bark of a decayed tree, the
wood of which has become soft. Another has the almost prickly shoulders of the
Aphodius stercorator and asper; of these we form the species stenocnemis and include therein four new varieties found in Brazil and Luzon.  It may be here
observed that Psammodius sabuleti and cylindricus N, must be classed with Aegialia
which, on account of the horny nature of the jaws, and the projection of the upper
lip, enter into the same class with the Trox; the remaining kinds of Psammodius,
however, do not at all agree with the character given them by Gyllenhal, and ought
in their turn to be classed with Aphodius. Among the remaining beetles, all of
which dwell under the bark of trees, a Parandra was the largest.
A  few remarks on the various beetles mentioned by Eschscholtz will
not be out of place here. The carabid, plaitynus, is probably one of the
numerous small native Hawaiian species of Anchomenus. The two Colymbetes are undoubtedly our Coplatus pawrvulus (Esch.) and Rhantus pacificus (Esch.); possibly both introduced very early.     The hydrophylid was
later described by Eschschlotz as Hydrophilus semicylindricus, though it
is now placed in the genus Hydrobius. Blackburn considered it an immigrant. The elatrid, Agrypnus N., is undoubtedly the Agrypnus modestus,
MacL., which is now placed in the genus Adelocera. This species is said
to be widely distributed in Polynesia and elsewhere. I have had more diffi-.
culty in trying to place the two Aphodii mentioned. It is hard to say what
the flattened species is; but the one with the "almost prickly shoulders"
is probably Ataenius stercorator Fab.     This widely distributed species,
Blackburn states, is not rare in the neighborhood of Honolulu, yet no
specimens of it are in the Hawaiian collections.
Finally, the cerambycid, Parandra, is undoubtedly Parandra puncticeps
Sharp, which Blackburn and Sharp (I20) state is closely allied to a species
occurring in the Philippine Islands.




Illingworth-Early references to Hawaiian entomology


7


Lord Byron, though on a mission of mercy to the Hawaiian Government, spent some time during I825 in exploration.      In his narrative there
are a few interesting references to the fauna and flora of the Hawaiian
group. Andrew Bloxam, an enthusiastic student just out of Oxford, was
naturalist on the voyage and though a botanist by preference, he collected
many zoological specimens during the eighteen months spent in Hawaii.
This material was deposited in the British Museum.        Probably based on
information supplied by Bloxam, Lord Byron (Io, p. 252) states:
We met with only one Papilio, which Kotzebue has described under the name
Vanessa tamehameha (tameamea). We caught one sphinx moth; brown, with a
purple stripe on each side of its body, which glitters in the sun. There are several
minute moths, several varieties of Libellula (dragon-flies), one species of Cicada,
a black earwig, a wood spider and innumerable fleas.
It would be interesting to know what the cicada mentioned is, also the
sphinx; no moth answering that description is in the Hawaiian collections.
Captain F. W. Beechey (14), an English explorer, who visited Hawaii
in 1826 and 1827, apparently made no reference to the insect fauna, though
his remarks (14, Vol. II, pp. Ioo and 112) on the first export of a cargo of
sugar to California are of interest, considering the prominence which the
sugar industry has now attained.
In the Reminiscences of Rev. Sereno Edward Bishop I found two interesting references. Describing the customs of the chief, Bishop says: (i6,
p. 30):
Objects much in evidence among the natives, when visiting or at meetings as
well as in their homes were their fans, and their fly brushes or kahilis. The fans
were made from the ends of young coconut leaves. The broad end being elastic,
threw the air far more efficiently than the stiff fans now commonly braided. Get
an old-fashioned native fan for comfortable use. Small fly-brushes were used by all
the people. They were about four feet long, the upper half of the stick having the
tail feathers of fowls tied on. The kahilis of the chiefs were larger and more
elaborate. The long handles were often beautifully encased with tubes and rings of
human bone and whale-tooth, also turtle shell, all finely polished. A high-chief
always had two or more attendants armed with such fly-brushes.
In discussing (p. 37) the destruction of the trees of the islands, Bishop
remarks;
About I860, a minute insect called "red spider" came to infest the under-side of
the leaves to such an extent as in the course of a year to destroy every kou tree,
not only in Lahaina, but throughout the group. The timber of the dead trees was
cut and used for furniture, much being sent to Germany. The chief's great calabash bowls of kou are now rare and choice. Young trees of the species exist here
and there. The trees have always succumbed to the insect pest before attaining
any considerable size.
"Moolele Hawaii," written about 1832 by David Malo, a native, has
interesting references (17, p. 65). Malo says:
The following are the flying things (birds, manu) that are not eatable: The
o-peapea or bat, the pinao or dragon-fly, the okai, (a butterfly), the lepe-lepe-ahina
(a moth or butterfly), the pu-lele hua (a butterfly), the nalo, or common house-fly,




* ':::e;::r:


8                   Bernice P. Bishop Museum-Bulletin
the nalopaka or wasp. None of these creatures are fit to be eaten. The uhini or
grasshopper, however, is used as food.
The following are wild creeping things; the mouse or rat, (iole), the makaula
(a species of dark lizard), the elelu, or cockroach, the poki-poki (sow-bug), the
koe (earthworm), the lo (a species of long black bug with sharp claws) the aha
or ear-wig, the puna-wele-wele or spider, the lalana (a species of spider), the nuhe
or caterpillar, the poko (a species of worm or caterpillar), the nao-nao or ant, the
mu (a brown-black bug or beetle that bores into wood), the kua-paa (a worm that
eats vegetables), the uku-poo or head-louse, the uku-kapa or body louse.
Wihence comes these little creatures? From the soil no doubt, but who knows?
Speaking of the animals imported from foreign lands during the time
of Kamehameha I and as late as the time of Kamehameha III, Malo
(I7, p. 66), after enumerating those valuable for food continues:
There are also some flying things that are not good for food: such as' the
mosquito (makika), the small roach (elelu liilii), the large flat cockroach (elelupapa), the flea (ukulele, jumping louse). The following are things that crawl: the
rabbit, or iole-lapaki, which makes excellent food, the rat or iole- nui, the mouse or
iole-liilii, the centipede (kanapi) the moo-niho-awa (probably the scorpion for there
are no serpents in Hawaii). These things are late importations; the number of
such things will doubtless increase in the future.
This prophecy has been abundantly fulfilled, for even now with our
efficient quarantine, new organisms frequently gain entrance.
F. D. Bennet, an English naturalist, who came to the Pacific primarily
to investigate the anatomy and habits of the whales of the Southern Pacific
and to collect natural history material, discusses the insect fauna of Hawaii
(24, p. 252) as follows:
Insects are not more numerous here than at the Society Islands; they present,
also, nearly the same genera, and are equally remarkable for the apparent addition
of many exotic kinds to those few which were found on the soil by our navigators
when this archipelago was first discovered. Together with some smaller butterflies, we find at Oahu a Venessa, closely resembling the V. atalanta of Europe; as
well as a second species, differing in no appreciable respect from V. cardui; and
as the habitat of the latter insect is the thistle in the northern parts of the globe,
so here the analogous species resorts to the prickly foliage of the Argemone Mexicana. A hawk-moth, (Sphinx pungens) similar to that inhabiting the Society Islands,
is very common on the pastures in the vicinity of the coast. Its larva is large, of
a green colour with longitudinal and oblique lilac bands on the sides, and has the
characteristic horn on the back. The habits of the perfect insect are similar to
those of the humming bird, hawk-moth, Sphinx macroglossum. It flies by day,
and appears to seek the warmth and brightness of the noontide sun; and flitting
from flower to flower, on which it seldom alights, it drains the nectar from the
blossoms with its proboscis as it floats in the air with a rapid, vibratory motion of
the wings. On one occasion, when I was endeavouring to capture this coqueting
insect, a native came to my assistance and undertook the task in his own way:
gathering two of the elegant blue convolvulus flowers around which the moth had
been fluttering, and holding one in each hand in an inviting position, he cautiously
approached or followed the insect to tempt it within his reach. The active but
stealthy movements of the young and scantily-clad islander, as he pursued his shy
game over the plains; the seducing attitudes he assumed, and the insinuating manner in which he presented the flowers to the moth when opportunities offered, afforded
a very ludicrous scene. Although the exertions of my entomological friend were
at this time fruitless, I have often seen the plan he adopted successfully employed
by other natives; the hawk-moth, approaching the proffered blossoms, protrudes its
long proboscis, which is seized with the fingers and the creature secured.




Illingworth-Early references to Hawaiian entomology


9


The insects we noticed here, though not at any of the other Polynesian Islands
we visited, were large tarantula spiders, (Lycosa Sp.) the millipede or wood-louse,
(Oniscus asellus) and centipedes, eight or ten inches long, their colour brownyellow, the sides and abdomen blue. The luminous centipede (Scolopendra electrica) is also found in the houses at Honoruru, emitting its characteristic phosphorescent light, and leaving behind it a trail of luminous matter.
In a footnote Bennet gives this additional information:
Ships are, doubtless, the active, though involuntary agents in disseminating insects over remote regions of the globe. After we had been at sea for several weeks,
or even months, it was not uncommon to find on board the Tuscan many kinds of
land-insects in a living state, from the hardy beetle to the delicate and more ephemeral butterfly, whose germs had probably been received on board together with supplies of fruit and vegetables.
The statement quoted from Bennet is one of the earliest definite references that I have been able to find bearing upon the introduction of the
cosmopolitan butterfly, Vanessa cardui Linn., other than the unverified report of four specimens sent to the British Museum, two collected by Captain Byron in I825 and two by Captain Beechey in 1827. (See Bibliography
Nos. 27 and 65.)
Dr. Alonzo Chapin, a resident missionary, in writing on the diseases
of the Hawaiian islands in 1838, remarks (22, p. 253) upon the absence of
malaria as follows:
Before going out to the Sandwich Islands, I spent several years in our
southern states, much of the time in the low country of South Carolina; and
was, during the hot seasons of the year, accustomed to recoil at every standing
body of water, on account of the poisonous exhaltions which they there emit,
endangering the lives of every individual exposed to their influence. On my arrival at the islands, I more than once made the inquiry, "why the numerous kalo
(taro) ponds are not productive of sickness."  Thousands of acres are entirely
converted into ponds of standing water in which the natives cultivate their kalo,
while their houses are built on the narrow   spaces between.  These are never
dry, and are often so numerous as to exhaust entire rivers in keeping them filled.
I could not at once reconcile my mind to the belief of their innoxious tendency,
notwithstanding circumstances are such as to make the fact very obvious. Though
the ponds are subject to the perpetual influence of a torrid sun, they cannot become putrid by reason of the continual supply of fresh water, and multitudes of
fish live and thrive in them, such is their freshness and purity.
The streams originate from springs and rain on the summits of the mountains, pour down their sides with great impetuosity and after a few meanderings
are turned aside from their courses to irrigate the lands and replenish the ponds,
or are discharged directly into the sea; and I know of no body of water emitting
sufficient miasma to create sickness along its borders. I have occasionally met
with stagnant ponds, which emit a foul and offensive odour, and could in no way
satisfy myself of the reason for the exemption of the inhabitants along their
borders from fevers, but by supposing the effluvia to be diluted and rendered
inert by the continual currents of winds.
Small marshes abound but are fed by springs, and the pure mountain streams,
and are thus prevented becoming noxious. They speedily dry up during a few
weeks absence of rain; and the rivers also disappear unless kept alive by frequent showers, and the small pools, which remain at such times and which abound
after every rainy season, do not become sufficiently putrid to exhale a fevergenerating miasm.




Bernice P. Bishop Museum-Bulletin


If any one variety of soil has a specific power to produce malaria it does
not appear to exist at those islands.  The upland soil is there formed of decomposed lava, the lowland plains along the sea. are constituted of a mixture of
alluvion washed from the mountains, and decomposed coral. Its immunity from
noxious exhalations is the same, whether parched with drought, or merely moist,
as when the evaporation is most abundant, after the rains.
The habitations of the natives are for the most part considerably scattered,
but are in a few instances crowded together in such numbers as to exhibit the
dense appearance of our large towns and villages. There is, however, throughout, an entire exemption from those pestiferous exhalations which, so extensively,
poison the atmosphere of populous places in hot climates. All animal and vegetable substances thrown away by the people, or cast up by the sea, are quickly
devoured by the multitudes of starving dogs and swine, so that no detriment is
experienced from their putrefaction.
With so entire an exemption from the existence of miasmata, there is also
an entire exemption  from  those affections induced by it.  Malignant bilious
fevers do not occur, and as I shall, hereafter, have occasion more particularly to
state, derangements of the liver and biliary organs do not prevail, neither is the
stomach and intestinal canal, and other organs of the abdominal viscera subject
to the numerous and complicated affections so common in every miasmatic region.
It should be borne in mind, however, that Chapin wrote before the relation of mosquitoes to malaria was known, and that probably these insects
had not become generally distributed in Hawaii at that date.
Jarves' notes (23, p. 70) on the beginning of the silk industry in Hawaii are also of interest:
In 1836 Messrs. Ladd & Co. leased a portion of their land to Messrs. Peck
and Titcomb, for the purpose of cultivating the mulberry and raising silk. The:
have now upwards of forty thousand trees, which at nine months growth, are as
thrifty and forward as those of several years, in New  England.  As yet they
have been disappointed in obtaining the silk worm, but are daily expecting a
supply of eggs from China.
The following (23, p. 75) gives some indications of the proportions of
the new industry:
At Mouna Silika, the mulberry-plantation, 85,200 of the black mulberry
(Morus multicaulis) have been planted, and the ground and slips prepared for
many more.   Many thousands of the white mulberry (Morus alba) have also
been set out. The average age of 42,000 of the former is six months, and it is
computed that they will afford thirty and a half tons of leaves, sufficient to feed
1,200,000 worms. The leaves of one tree of eight months growth, weighed three
and a half pounds, and a leaf of three months growth measured seven inches in
length. The trees that were plucked, leaved out again in six weeks so fully, that
they could not be distinguished from those in the same row which were left
unplucked. They are planted in hedge rows, ten feet apart, and two feet separate
in the row. The silkworm   of the white species, which produces the finest silk,
has been received from China, but the proprietors do not intend to raise them
in numbers until the plantation is thoroughly stocked with trees, and the necessary arrangements for buildings, machinery, reeling, etc., be made in the United
States, which one of the proprietors, Mr. Peck, is upon the point of visiting, for
that purpose. If the natives can be taught the art of reeling silk, this branch of
industry will be of infinite benefit to them, as the raising of cocoons is attended
with so little expense and trouble. Women and children are particularly adapted
to it, as well as old and infirm persons. Thus it will afford occupation to many
who are incapacitated from  entering into any laborious trade.  The amount of
land in the plantation is between three and four hundred acres, undulating
partly wooded, and well watered.




Illingwvorth-Early references to Hawaiian entomology


II


These citations by James J. Jarves, who came here from          Boston in
search of health in 1837, are only a prelude to his later writing on Hawaii.
In his history (25, p. Io) discussing the fauna, Jarves writes:
Insects are few, though mostly of a destructive or troublesome character.
A species of caterpillar at certain seasons destroys vegetation to a great extent,
eating even the grass to its very roots. A slug deposits its eggs in the cotton
blossoms, which, when ripe, are pierced through by the young insects, and the
staple entirely destroyed.  Large spiders are very numerous and mischievous
weaving strong webs' upon shrubs and young trees, in such quantities as to check
their growth, and even impede the passage through an orchard. A species of
woodlouse fastens upon the limbs, entirely covering them, and which speedil3
exhausts the juices; and their growth is for the time effectually checked.  A
black rust, firm, hard, and stiff, like strong paper, resembling soot in its appearance, attacks many varieties of trees and plants, covering the bark, and even the
leaves, giving them the singular appearance of being clothed in mourning. This
causes no permanent damage, and while it disfigures fruit, does not appear seriously to injure it. Rats damage the sugar-cane to a considerable extent, annually.
Though the Hawaiian agriculturist escapes many of the evils incidental to other
tropical climes, enough exist here to make his labours no sinecure. The noxious
vermin, such as mosquitoes, fleas, cockroaches, scorpions, and centipedes, are a
modern importation, and have extensively increased.  The bite of the two latter
causes no permanent injury, and is not more injurious than the sting of a common wasp. They are very abundant about the seaports. No serpents, frogs, or
toads, have as yet reached the islands. A small lizard is common.
Later, in his Scenes and Scenery in the Hawaiian Islands, Jarves refers
to the extensive silk industry and the many difficulties that beset it. (See
28, pp. 105-112 and I64-9.)
The United States Exploring Expedition being principally a marine
investigation, hardly touched upon the land fauna of Hawaii, yet I found
two valuable references in the Races of Man by the naturalist, Charles
Pickering. Discussing animals and plants of aboriginal introduction (26,
p. 314) he says:
There are, however, uninvited attendants on human migrations; such as, a
small species of rat, whose presence throughout Tropical Polynesia, seems nearly
universal. On some of the more remote coral islets, the presence of this animal,
proved to be the only remaining evidence of the visits of man.
On the other hand, the house fly, which so abounds at certain coral islands,
was uniformly absent from   the uninhabited ones.  Various other insects, have
doubtless been transferred from island to island by human means.
This, too, was probably the case with the lizards (Scincidae); for the
agency of drift-wood, seems insufficient to account for their universal presence.
In referring to animals and plants of European introduction, Pickering
(26, p. 333) writes:
We were informed at the Hawaiian Islands, that the centipede, was "introduced five years previously from Mazatlan." It has greatly multiplied at Honolulu; and during our visit, it made its first appearance on Maui.
The house scorpion, likewise abounds at Honolulu; and its introduction was
equally attributed to vessels from  Mazatlan.  The other Polynesian groups, remain free from the above two pests.
The natives of the Hawaiian Islands, attributed the introduction of the mosquito to the same quarter; and we obtained evidence of the possibility of such
an occurence, in the larva continuing on shipboard for many days after we left
Honolulu. One or more native species of mosquito, were observed at the other
Polynesian groups.




12


Bernice P. Bishop Museum-Bulletin


It will be noted that these observations coincide with those of all the
earlier navigators, that flies were evidently a native introduction previous
to the appearance of European ships. That the house fly, Musca domestica
Linn., will travel long distances by small boats is now a matter of common
observation. Moreover, on this point there is the conclusive evidence by
S. C. Ball (225), who recently investigated the migration of insects over
sea, along the coast of Florida.
Since the natives in their wanderings in the Pacific previous to the
appearance of white men, evidently took along their hogs and dogs, together with coconuts and other plants, it is only natural to conclude that
flies also traveled from place to place with them.
That flies very early made their appearance in the Hawaiian islands, is
further indicated by the great development of the kahilis or fly flaps. Dr.
Brigham   amplifies this point in his comprehensive review     of Hawaiian
feather work (I93, p. 14), in which he says:
It is probable that a bunch of feathers used as a fly-flap was the primal
form of feather work. Flies (nalo) were here though not in such abundance as
found by early explorers' on other islands of the Pacific; but even for this useful
purpose the bunch of feathers was no doubt preceded by a bunch of leaves,
and the prototype of the kahili seems to have been a stem of that most useful
plant the ki (Cordyline terminalis Kunth). On many of the islands of the Pacific,
a branch of ki was the symbol of peace and on the Hawaiian islands it shared
in early times with a coconut leaf the representation of high rank 
Very early the hand plumes became symbols of rank and on all public occasions kahili bearers attended a chief, or while he'ate or slept a kaakui brushed
away with small ones all troublesome insects. In public they were tokens; in
private fly-flaps.
Indeed, it is hardly necessary to draw upon the imagination to understand the gradual development of the immense, symbolic kahilis with
shafts of twenty feet or more in length, used at funerals of royalty;
especially when it is known that small fly-flaps of similar construction
have always been waved over the body at funerals in Hawaii to keep away
these obnoxious insects.
In describing the Hawaiian fauna in I850, Henry T. Cheever (33, pp.
I05-6) says:
Not a noxious beast, reptile, or insect existed on the islands when first made
known to Europeans.   Now   they have mosquitoes, fleas, centipedes, and scorpions.
The snake, toad, bee, and all stinging insects of the latter sort are still unknown. One would think the flea certainly indigenous, where now it is found
so much at home both with man and beast; but the natives have an amusing
story of the first time they got ashore from a ship, through the trick of a sailor,
which is better to be imagined than told.
Whether that be true or not, the name by which they call the flea is pretty
convincing evidence that it has not been known as long as some other things.
It is called uku lele, or the jumping louse, the uku being an old settler from
time immemorial, and nothing else they knew so much like the imported flea.
So they named the stranger the jumping uku: it is one of the first aboriginals




Illingworth-Early references to Hawaiian entomology


I3


a traveler becomes acquainted with in going about among Hawaiians and sleeping in native houses, and it is the last he is so glad to bid good-by to when he
comes away, though it is ten chances to one if they do not insist upon keeping
him company and making themselves familiar half the voyage home.
The Royal Hawaiian Agricultural Society organized in I850 did splendid work for several years. In the Transactions of this society I found a
number of references to entomology. William Duncan (36) suggested
good cultivation and clean culture for the eradication of insects and urged
that land adjoining sugar plantations be either kept fallow or burned to
keep away caterpillars.
Dr. Wesley Newcomb also contributed to the Transactions (37) an
interesting paper in which (p. 95) he states that Vanessa cardui was introduced presumably at the same time as Argemone mexicana (poppy or
thistle) though he does not suggest the date. Among other insects, he
mentions three species of Sphynx, one of them, S. pugnans, being common
at Honolulu. Of the small moths he recognized seven species as enemies
of agriculture and gives the larval characters of the principal cut-worms.
The corn leaf-hopper, or corn-fly, he records as a serious pest at that time.
He mentions also the red spider as destructive to the leaves of many plants
and a microscopic white fly (from his description difficult to determine)
destructive to the leaves of melons. Mention, too, is made of a small
caterpillar that bores into the stalks of tobacco-undoubtedly the tobacco
split worm, Phthorimaea operculella Z. a rather serious pest in more recent
years. The description of a wormlike borer of the sweet potato suggests
the larva of our common pest, the sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius
Fab. Newcomb states that he was not able to detect any true aphids, but
he recognizes that the numerous ants filling the soil play an important
part in the destruction of the larvae of pestiferious moths and of other
insects.
At meetings of the Society in I85I, the introduction of the common
honey bee was considered, and the next year it was reported (38) that
three hives were coming from New Zealand by the first vessel direct to
Honolulu. I could find no statement indicating that these ever arrived,
but the record (42) shows that two years later an attempt to import two
hives of bees from Boston proved unsuccessful because of the ravages of
the bee moth on the way. In I855, a report was presented to the Society
upon the economic relation of insects to crops with suggestions for the
importation of natural enemies of these from abroad (45). The report
states that though wasps are abundant, bees have not yet been successfully introduced.
At a meeting in I856 a very valuable paper was presented by the wellknown botanist, Dr. William Hillebrand (46). This paper written by
Valdemar Knudsen, deals primarily with the control of cutworms which




I4


Bernice P. Bishop Museum-Bulletin


were evidently very numerous at that time. Descriptions (46, p. 96) are
given of five kinds as follows:
ist. Brown, with a white stripe on the back and white belly. It grows to the
largest size, fully 2/2 inches long and one-quarter inch thick. It is very voracious, and a single worm will strip a large plant, leaving nothing but the ribs.
2nd. Gray, with a brown back of a bright, shining appearance; it does not
grow as large as No. I. It is the regular cutworm that seems to enjoy nothing
but the juice of the stems, which it will often cut off when quite large and hard.
3d. It is destructive as the former, and also like it in color and size, only
not bright or shining on its back.
4th. Is bluish-gray, with head and tail white-rather rare.
5th. Mud-colored; is the one that appears every year, and seems able to do
with less wet soil. It is not quite as voracious, nor does it attain the size of
the former ones, but still is very destructive.
It is interesting to note that the cutworms were excessively abundant
on land that had been flooded for a few days. This observation agrees
with my experiences in North Queensland.      The only explanation that
I am able to suggest is that flooding in some way interferes with the
natural enemies of these pests.
A great impulse was given to the investigation of the Pacific fauna by
the coming of the Swedish Frigate "Eugenie" with a staff of trained investigators. These scientists arrived in Hawaii in August, 1852 and though
their stay in the islands was short, they evidently improved the opportunity,
for among the insects collected were about twenty new species, belonging
to several orders. Unfortunately no record was made of their catches
except of the new species. These records were worked up several years
later-the Coleoptera by C. H. Boheman, the Orthoptera and Hemiptera
by Carl Stal, the Lepidoptera by D. J. Wallengren, the Hymenoptera by
A. E. Holmgren, and the Diptera by C. G. Thomson (49).
The coming of the energetic student, Rev. Thomas Blackburn, in 1877
marked a new epoch in the history of systematic entomology in Hawaii.
Though his special hobby was Coleoptera, Blackburn collected all orders
of insects and published papers on most of them (67). The extent of
his scientific work during the six years of his stay is marvelous especially
considering that it was all done at odd moments whenever his strenuous
duties to the Church would permit. Indeed, so abundant were his catches
that he kept almost a dozen specialists (principally in the British Museum)
busy describing his material, in addition to all the descriptions that he
himself prepared for the press. A glance at the bibliography (pp. ) will
give a suggestion of the extent of these labors. The following specialists
assisted him in publishing his material: Bormans (o05) handled the Orthoptera; McLachlan (IIO, III, 138) helped with the Neuroptera including the Odonata; White (7i, 8i, 88, Ioo) did part of the Hemiptera;
Butler (74, 90, 96, Io6, Io8), Meyrick (112, 122, 131) and Tuely (79, 80)
all worked on the Lepidoptera; Sharp (75, 76, 77, 78, 85, 93, 99, 119,




Illingworth-Early references to Hawaiian entomology


I5


120, 124) and Waterhouse (87), part of the Coleoptera; while Smith (86)
and Cameron (97, 109, 125, 127) helped with the Hymenoptera.
In 1882 J. E. Chamberlin published an interesting paper dealing with
the devastating hordes of cutworms, or army worms, on Oahu (104).
The outbreak of this pest is said to have extended from the sandy beach
to the mountains. The land over which the worms had fed appeared
bare, as if scorched; cattle starved to death. Blackburn identified the
species as Prodenia ingloria Walker, a cutworm known in Australia; yet
all evidence goes to show that this pest was an old resident in Hawaii. I
was particularly interested in the following statement by Chamberlin:
"Whenever a tract is burned, a great flight of moths appeared immediately;
and an army of worms shortly followed, entirely destroying the tender
grass." This was exactly my experience with a similar species in North
Queensland. Whenever an accidental fire ran through the growing cane,
a scurge of cutworms soon followed to wipe out the crop just as it was
beginning to recover from the burn. The only explanation that I was able
to offer was that those abnormal conditions in some way upset the natural
controlling factors so that the development of the pest, for a time, was
not hindered by them.
The investigations of the Challenger Expedition were primarily marine.
Small attention apparently was given to land fauna and few references
to insects appear in the published works. Kirby, in describing the Hymenoptera collected, mentioned only three from Hawaii. (This is the only
reference that I have been able to find.)  But among the pelagic insects
belonging to the genus Halobates, monographed by White (114), are
several species found in Hawaiian waters. These were described and
figured in colored plates, making their determination easy.
As a young graduate just out of the University of Oxford, the indefatiguable worker, R. C. L. Perkins, came to the islands in 1892 (?). The
results of his work of more than twenty years stand as a monument to the
hardships that he endured and the efforts that he put forth. During these
years numerous papers were published, but the general results from the
study of the tremendous amount of material he collected appear in the
three large volumes of the Fauna Hawaiiensis. Of this work the following parts were published previous to the year 90o0': Macrolepidoptera by
E. Meyrick; Hymenoptera Aculeata by R. C. L. Perkins; Formcidae by
August Forel; Orthoptera, Neuroptera and Coleoptera Rhynchophora,
Proterhinidae, Heteromera and Ciodae by R. C. L. Perkins; and the
Coleoptera Phytophaga by David Sharp. Since the Fauna Hawaiiensis
is available in the principal libraries, I have not taken space to list the
numerous species described.




Bernice P. Bishop Museum-Bulletin


IMPORTANT      IMMIGRANT     INSECTS
Among the instroductions by European commerce was the night mosquito (Culex quinquetasciatus Say), a pest of first importance especially
as a carrier of disease. Though it has been generally understood that
these insects came to us from the coast of Mexico, it is interesting to read
the following account by Osten Sacken ( 18):
About 1828-30 an old ship from  Mazatlan, Mexico, was abandoned on the
coast of one of the Sandwich Islands. Larvae of Culex were probably imported
in the water-tanks upon it. The natives soon became aware of the appearance
round the spot of a-to them unknown-blood sucking insect; it so far excited
their curiosity that they used to congregate in the evening in order to enjoy the
novelty. Since then the species spread in different localities, and in some cases
became a nuisance.
This was related to me by Mr. T. R. Peale, the well known American entomologist and artist, who visited the Sandwich Islands a few years later with the
United  States Exploring  Expedition  under command  of Captain  C. Wilkes
(1838-40). A distinguished American, who spent many years' on the islands and
whose acquaintance I made in Washington, confirmed the story to me, and told
me that he remembered positively that there were no mosquitoes on the islands
about 1823.
This version is at any rate more probable than another which I read in the
German periodical, "Die Natur," that gnats were intentionally imported into
those islands by a mischiveous sea-captain, in vengeance against the inhabitants.
Another pest of importance in Hawaii is the sugar-cane borer, Rhabdocnemis oibscurus Boisd., which was evidently introduced from     some of
the Pacific islands; Boisduval (20) in 1835 described the species from
New   Ireland and Fairmaire (32) later recorded it from      Tahiti.  This
borer began to make inroads upon the sugar industry of Hawaii apparently
during the early eighties   (Io7, I13), rapidly spreading until brought
under control by the introduced tachinid parasite (Ceromasia sphenophori
Vill.). The species was recorded by Blackburn and Sharp (120) with a
few brief systematic notes. The first careful study of the life history and
economic relations was that by C. V. Riley (132), the specimens being
sent to this celebrated entomologist at the request of his Majesty, King
Kalakaua.
Another cosmopolitan insect found in Hawaii during recent years,
though of little economic importance compared with the cane borer, is the
milkweed butterfly, Danaida archippus Fab. This insect was not mentioned
by any of the early voyagers and in fact the first reference to its presence
in the islands is from Blackburn's material in 1878 (74). The geographical distribution of this species was reviewed in I886 by Walker (126), who
stated that these butterflies were abundant and well established in Hawaii
at that date.
In the early nineties exotic scale insects began to command attention
(134) and during the following decade fully fifty species had been re



Illingworth-Early references to Hawaiian entomology


I7


corded in Hawaii. Icerya: purchasi Mask. is thought to have made its
appearance in the islands during the spring of 1889. By 1890 it had become widely distributed in the gardens of Honolulu. During the following year, C. V. Riley (137) reported that it had been successfully controlled by the Vedalia beetle introduced from California. Nevertheless,
other coccids began to make themselves felt, even attacking the coffee,
which was so seriously affected that Mr. Albert Koebele, who had been so
successful with the California State Board of Horticulture, was engaged
in 1893 by the Hawaiian Government to search Australia for its natural
enemies (143, I45). His work proved eminently successful and by 1895
there was a marked decrease in many of the scale insects owing to the
natural enemies introduced (154). Chief among these friendly insects
were lady bird beetles (Coccinellidae), fully three dozen species being in
the list (I53). As new scales continued to make their appearance in the
islands, coming in on frequent plant and fruit importations, Koebele's valuable services were retained. By 1897 he had brought in fully 200 species
of ladybird beetles besides many other natural enemies of various harmful
insects (175).
The numerous scale insects were fairly well under control and Koebele
began to turn his attention more seriously to other pests. In 1899 Koebele
(202) wrote:
About the middle of April my attention was called to a troublesome fly upon
cattle and on the 26th of the same month, the first specimens were brought to me.. and during the summer it spread over all the islands.
This pest later proved to be the European horn-fly, Haematobia irritans
Linn. which had reached the mainland of the United States about ten
years earlier. Koebele further relates: "The first flies were noticed on
the island of Oahu during February 1898, by Mr. J. P. Mendonca of the
Kaneohe ranch." During 900o, pests of various crops were studied and
the introduction of natural enemies was continued (215). It was at this
time that a tineid larva of cotton balls was first reported, which eventually
was found to be the pink boll-worm, Geleckia gossypiella Sndrs.
The Japanese Beetle (Adoretus sinicus Burm.) is reported to have come
into the islands about I891, probably in soil from  Japan (142). Four
years later it had already become such a pest that serious consideration was
given to the introduction of such natural enemies as moles, bats, and toads
(I53). In 1897, 600 bats were introduced from California but apparently
they never became established (175). Better results were secured by the
introduction of toads from California and frogs from Japan. These reproduced freely in the streams here. But the spread of the beetle was
rapid and by 1897 it was also reported from Maui and Kauai. Koebele




Bernice P. Bishop Museum-Bulletin


introduced a fungus that proved destructive to the beetle under wet surroundings (175), but unfortunately it appeared immune to this disease
in the drier portions of the islands. During 1900 the Japanese beetles were
reported (2I5) from the island of Hawaii, thus extending their range
throughout the group, injuring the foliage of a large variety of cultivated
trees and other plants.
It is reported that previous to I898, all forms of melons, cucumbers and
squashes could be grown in Hawaii with comparative ease. About this
time a new pest that has come to be known as the melon fly (Dacus cucurbitae Coq.) began to make itself felt. Mr. Byron 0. Clark who was the
first to observe the flies said that they made their appearance during the
summer of 1897 and that by 1898 and 1899 the melon industry was practically destroyed. The first published reference to the subject is in the
form of correspondence printed in a weekly newspaper in Honolulu. The
original is now almost unobtainable and so it is fortunate that the complete
account has been reproduced in at least two scientific papers dealing with
this serious pest. (See I84.)
DEVELOPMENT OF QUARANTINE SYSTEM
The entrance of so many noxious pests naturally stimulated a desire to
shut out further introductions of these undesirable immigrants. During
the reign of King Kalakua we find the beginning of this system in an
Act dated July I6, I89o, relating to the suppression of plant diseases, blights,
and insect pests (I34). Again, in 1892, similar regulations were adopted
in an Act to establish a Bureau of Agriculture and Forestry (I39).
No one recognized the need of such regulations better than Professor
A. Koebele who had devoted many years to a study of these organisms in
various parts of the world.  As official entomologist of the Hawaiian
islands, in a letter (I9I) to Dr. Maxwell, who was special agent of the
United States here at the time, he said,
Strict attention should be paid towards guarding against the introduction of
melolontids, elaterid beetles, etc., destructive to living roots of plants, as well as
to any fungoid diseases destructive to vegetation that are liable to reach the islands
with soil or plants imported.
From these beginnings has grown up the efficient quarantine system
that we find in the islands today.




Illingworth-Early references to Hawaiian entomology


I9


BIBLIOGRAPHY
The following list is arranged chronologically and the names of authors are in
alphabetical order under each year. For the convenience of workers resident in
Hawaii the Honolulu libraries in which the publications' cited may be found are
indicated by the following abbreviations: AF, Board of Agriculture and Forestry;
BM, Bishop Museum; DPI, Division of Plant Inspection, Board of Agriculture and
Forestry; HS, Historical Society; HSPA, Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Experiment
Station; PL, Library of Hawaii; UH, University of Hawaii; US, Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station. References to publications indicated by an asterisk (*)
have not been verified.
I. ELLIS, W(ILLIAM), An authentic narrative of a voyage performed
by Captain Cook and Captain Clerke;... in search of a
northwest passage between the continents of Asia and America.
Including a faithful account of all their discoveries, and the unfortunate death of Captain Cook....      2 vols., London,
1782. (BM)
2. COOK, JAME;S, A voyage to the Pacific Ocean, undertaken by the
command of His Majesty, for making discoveries in the Northern Hemisphere. Performed under the direction of Captains
Cook, Clerke, and Gore, in His Majesty's ships "Resolution"
and "Discovery"; in the years I776, I777, I778, 1779, and I780.
3 vols.; vols. I and 2 written by Captain James Cook, F.R.S.,
vol. 3 by Captain James King, LL.D. and F.R.S.; 2d ed., London, 1785. (BM)
3. DIXON, GEORGE, A voyage round the world but more particularly to
to the northwest coast of America, performed in I785, I786,
1787, and 1788, in the "King George" and "Queen Charlotte,"
Captains Portlock and Dixon...   London, 1789. (BM)
The expedition visited Hawaii in 1786.
4. PORTLOCK, NATHAN, A voyage round the world but more particularly to the northwest coast of America, performed in 1785, I786,
I787, and I788, in the "King George" and "Queen Charlotte,"
Captains Portlock and Dixon.... London, I789. (BM)
The members of the expedition were in Hawaii from May 26 to June
I3, I786.
5. *FABRICIUS, J. C., Entomologica    systematica.... Hafniae
(Copenhagen). 4 vols., 1792-4.
References to Hawaiian species' in vol. 2, p. 269 (Odynerus radula Fab.),
and in vol. 3, p. 463.
6. VANCOUVER, GEORGiE    A voyage of discovery to the North Pacific
Ocean, and round the world;... performed in the years
179o, I791, I792, 1793, 1794, and I795, in the "Discovery,"
sloop of war, and armed tender "Chatham."... 3 vols.
London, 1798. (BM)
Vancouver arrived in Hawaii March 2, 1792.
7. KOTZuBUE, OTTO VON, A voyage of discovery into the South Sea and
Beering's Straits, for the purpose of exploring a northeast
passage, undertaken in the years I85-818,... in the




20


Bernice P. Bishop Museum-Bulletin


ship "Rurick"....     translated edition by H. E. Lloyd.
3 vols., London, I82I. (BM)
Original, published in German at Weimar, 1821, contains colored plates
of butterflies described by Eschscholtz. English translation by H. E. Lloyd.
3 vols. London, 1821. (BM)
The expedition arrived in Hawaii November 22, i8i6.
8. *ESCHSCHOLTZ, JOHANN FRIEDRICH, Entomographien, I Lieferung,
128, iii p., II col. pl., 23 I/2 cm., Berlin, G. Reimer, 1822.
The Hawaiian species described are: Hydrophilus semiclindricus (p. 42),
and Blata punctata (p. 86), which is a synonym of Pycnoscelus surinamensis
(Linn.).
9. MATHISON, G. F., Narrative of a visit to Brazil, Chile, Peru, and
the Sandwich Islands, during the years 1821 and 1822.
London, 1825. (BM)
Mathison arrived in Hawaii June 24, 1822.
10. BYRON, LORD, Voyage of H.M.S. "Blonde" to the Sandwich Islands,
in the years I824-5. London, I826. (BM)
II.  STEWART, C. S., Journal of a residence in the Sandwich Islands, during the years 1823, 1824, and I825,.... London, 1828.
(BM)
12. ESCHSCHOLTZ, FRIEDRICH, Zoologischer Atlas.     Kotzebue's second
voyage, 1823-6, Berlin, 1829. (HS)
No Hawaiian insects appear to be discussed, but beetles and other animal forms from other Pacific islands are described and illustrated by colored
plates.
13. KOTZEBUE, OTTo VON, A new voyage round the world, in the years
1823, 1824, 1825, 1826. 2 vols., London, 1830. (BM)
14. BEdCHEY, CAPTAIN F. W., Narrative of a voyage to the Pacific
825-8. 2 vols. London, 1831. (BM)
The first export of sugar to California discussed (vol. 2, pp. Ioo and
112); no Hawaiian insects mentioned.
I5. MONTGOMERY, JAMES, Journal of voyages and travels by the Rev.
Daniel Tyerman and George Bennet, Esq... London
Missionary Society,..      in the South Sea islands, China,
India, etc., between the years 182I and 1829...      2 vols.
London, 1831. (BM)
Tyerman and Bennet reached Hawaii in April, 1822.
I6. BISHOP, SERENO E., Reminiscences of old Hawaii. Originally published in the Friend (BM) and in the Honolulu Advertiser
190I-1902. Reprinted in book form, Honolulu, I916. (BM)
The Reminiscences relate chiefly to the period I830-I860.
17. MALO, DAVID, Hawaiian antiquities, (Moolelo Hawaii), translated
from the original Hawaiian by Dr. N. B. Emerson: B. P. Bishop Mus. Special Publ. 2, Honolulu, 1903. (BM)
Most of Moolelo Hawaii was written I835-36. Parts of it were printed
in 1838, 1839, and 1858.




Illingworth-Early references to Hawa~iian entomology      2


2T


I8& BURMEISTE, HERMANN., Rhyngota seu Hemiptera. Beitriige zur
Zoologie gesammelt auf einer Reise urn die Erde, von Dr.
F. J. F. Meyen, pp. 285-306. Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.,
Breslau und Bonn, i834. (BM)
Burmeister describes Asopus griseus Burm. (p. 293).
19. ERICKSON, H. W., Coleoptera and Lepidoptera. Beitriige zur Zoologie gesammelt auf einer Reise urn die Erde, von Dr. F. J.F.
Meyen, pp. 2 19-284. Nova Acta Acad. Caes, Leop.
Breslau und Bonn, i834. (BM)
Erickson describes Anchomenus corr-uscus Erichs. (P. 223).
20. BOISDTJVAL, J. A., Voyage de l'Astrolabe, pendant les annees 1826-29,
faune entomologique de 1'ocean Pacifique, Coleopte'res, Paris,
i835, (BM) (AF)
Colymbetes pacificus Esch. and Colymbetes parvulus Esch. (P. 50) are
described.
2I. *DEjEAN, P. F. M. A., Catalogue des coleopte'res de la collection de
M. le Compte Dejean...,3d ed., P. 503, Paris, i837.
References to Hawaiian species are Colymbetes pacificus Esch. P. 55, and
C. parvulus Esch., p. 56.
22. CHAPIN,9 ALONZO (M.D.), Remarks on the Sandwich Islands; their
situation, climate, diseases...: Hawaiian Spectator, vol. 1,
NO. 3, PP. 248-267, Honolulu, 1838. (BM) (HS)
23. JARVES, J. J., Sketches of Kauai: Hawaiian Spectator, vol. i, No. i,
pp. 66-86, Honolulu, I838.   (BM) (HS)
24. BENNET, F. D., Narrative of a whaling voyage round the globe
from the years I833 to 1836, London, 1840. (BM)
Bennet arrived in Hawaii April i6, I834.
25. JARVES, JAME~S J., History of the Hawaiian or Sandwich Islands..Boston, 1843. (BM)
26. PIcKERING, CHARLES, The races of men and their geographical
distribution: U. S. Exploring expedition... IX, Phil-,
adelphia, I848. (BM) (HS)
This expedition made a brief call at Hawaii in September, i840.
27. *DouB3LFDAY, EDWARD, First list of British       Museum    butterflies,
London, 1844(?)
Describes four specimens of Vanessa cardui (P. 79) from Hawaii, two
brought by Captain Byron in 1825 and two by Captain Beechey in i827.
28. JARVES, JAME~S J., Scenes and Scenery in the Sandwich Islands...
Boston, 1844. (BM)
Describes the attempt to establish a silk industry at Koloa in 1837 -1841, rendered unsuccessful by the ravages of aphid, or wood louse, which
destroyed the mulberry trees and consequently starved the silk worms (pp.
105-Ill). The "silk plantation" at Hanalei is also discussed (pp. i64-T69).




22


Bernice P. Bishop Museum-Bulletin


29.  MOTSCHULSKY, VICTOR D, Observations sur le Musee Entomologique
de l'universite imperiale de Moscou: Soc. Imper. Nat. Moscou
Bull., vol. 18, pp. 332-388, pls. 5-7, I845. (AF)
This paper discusses the beetles collected by Eschscholtz during his
two voyages around the world, Plagithmysus n. g. for Stenopterus pulverulentus Esch. (pp. 369-70), P1. 6, 5 figs. In error described from California.
30.  MOTSCHULSKY, VICTOR DE, Remarques sur la collection de coleopteres russes da Victor Motschulsky: Soc. Imper. Nat. Moscou
Bull. vol 28, pp. 1-85, pls. 1-3, 1845. (AF)
Stenopterus pulverulentus Esch. is erroneously recorded from  California, p. 250.
3I. *DOUBLEDAY, EDWARD, The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera, comprising their generic characters, a notice of their habits and transformations, and a catalog of the species of each genus. 2 vols.,
86 pls. (85 col.), London, 1846.
Reference to Vanessa cardui from Hawaii is found on page 205.
32. FAIRMAIRE, M. LEON, Essai des Coleopteres de la Polynesie:       Rev.
et Mag. de Zool., June, I849.    (HSPA) (AF) (US)
Hydrobius semicylindricus Esch. was collected in a taro plantation on
Oahu (p. 30 of sep. =  434 of original). Heterophaga mauritanica Fabr.
is recorded (p. 42); also Calandra obscura Boisd. from Tahiti (p. 70).
This species of Calandra, originally described from New Ireland, is the wellknown cane-borer in Hawaii; now placed in the genus Rhabdocnemis.
33. CHEVER, HENRY T., The island world of the Pacific, New          York,
I85I. (BM)
34. *FAIRMAIRE, M. L., Rev. et Mag. de Zool., p. 51, 185o.
35. DALLAS, W. S., List of specimens of Hemiptera in the British
Museum, pt. I, London, I85I; Pt. 2, I852. (AF)
The species Eysarcoris insularis, pt. 1, p. 228 and Rlyparochromtss
nigriceps, pt. 2, p. 577, are described.
36. DUNCAN, WILLIAM, On the prevention and eradication of worms:
Roy. Haw. Agric. Soc. Trans., vol. I, No. 3, pp. 71-86, Honolulu, 1852.  (BM)
This paper, excellent for that period, deals only with the economic
phases of the subject.
37. NEWCOMB, WESLEY (M. D.), Report of the committee on worms
and other injurious vermin: Roy. Haw. Agric. Soc. Trans.,
vol. I, No. 3, pp. 94-97, Honolulu, 1852. (BM)
This is a valuable paper dealing rather specifically with the insect pests
of agriculture.
38. THIERRY, BARON DE, Report on bees: Roy. Haw. Agric. Soc. Trans.,
vol. I, No. 3, p. II6, Honolulu, 1852. (BM)
Records the first attempt to introduce bees direct from New Zealand.




Illingwuorthz-Early references to Hawaiian entomology      2


23


39 * WALKI~R, F. A., Catalog of the specimens of neuropterous insects
in the collection of the British Museum, London, i852.
Myrmielon perjltrus n. Sp., P. 340; M. violentus n. sp., P. 348, are
described.
40. MOTScHULSKY, VICTOR DE,, Etudes entomologiques, 1852: Soc. Lit.
Finnoise, i853. (AF)
Under synonymies (P. 76), the author states: "Plagithmysus pulverulentus Esch. de'rit et figure' dans le m~me ouvrage, appartient an genre Oenemona Newman."
41.  SMITH, FREDERIcK, Catalogue of hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum, London, i853. (HSPA)
Prosopis anthr-acina n.sp. and P. flavipes n.sp., from the Hawaiian
islands, are described (Pt. 1, P. 23).
4:2. CHAMBERLAIN, WARRE~N, Report of the committee on the honey bee:
Roy. Haw. Agric. Soc. Trans., vol. 2, No. i, PP. 53-57, also
letter from C. R. Bishop, PP. 57-60, Honolulu, 1854. (BM)
This paper discuss-es the difficulties encountered in an attempt to introduce honey bees.
43. SIGNORET, DocTVUR V.,, Revue iconographique des Tettigonides:
Soc. Ent. France Ann., p. i15, pl. I (colored), fig. 15, 1854.
(HSPA)
Describes Tettigonia varicolor n.sp., Honolulu, coil. Boheman et Signoret.
44. *STAL, CARL, Nya Hemiptera: Ofv. af K. Vet.-Ak. Forh., vol. 9,
i854.
Includes a reference to Deiphax pulchra Stal.
45.  MARSH, J. W., Report on birds, bees, insects, and worms:           Roy.
Agric. Soc. Trans., vol. 2, No. 2, PP. 47-5ci, Honolulu, I855.
(BM)
This is a purely economic paper dealing with pests and suggesting the
introduction of natural enemies, various, sorts being enumerated.
46. KNUDSEN, VALDEMAR, 'Report on worms:            Roy. Haw. Agric. Sec.
Trans., vol.:2, No. 3, PP. 94-97, Honolulu, i856. (BM)
Contains interesting suggestions for the control of cutworms by protecting natural enemies and importing others, such as the black ant of North
America.
47.  SMITH, FREDERICK, Catalogue of hymenoterous insects in the collections of the British Museum, London, I856. (HSPA)
Crabro unicolor (Pt. 4, P. 421), C. distinctus (P. 422), and Mimesa
antennata (P. 431), described from the "Sandwich Islands."
48. BOHE~MAN, C. H., Coleoptera:       Voyage de "l'Eugenie," Insecta, pp.
I-II2, pl. I, Stockholm, i858. (BM)
The following species, are described from Honolulu: Calleida insularis,
p. 4, also found in Tahiti; Calleida atmoenu~la, P. 4; Lebi'a insularis, p. 6,
also found in Tahiti; Selenophorus insularis, p. 10; Selenophorus picinus, p.
ii; Trechus fasciatus, p. 17; Canthon balteatus, P. 41; Onthophagus muticus,
p. 48; Ammophorus insularis, p. 89.




24


24           B~~~ernice P. Bishop Museum-Bulletin


4.VIRGIN, C. A., Voyage autour du monde sur la fre'gate Su'doise
"l'Euge'nie,"'.     i 85I-53, sons le commandement, de C. A.
Virgin....    Zoologie I.   Insecta, 6I7 PP., 9 Pis.   Stockholm,
i858-68.
The following groups of insects are discussed: Coleoptera, by C. H.
Boheman, PP. I-2i8, i858; Hemiptera, by C. Stal, pp. 219-298, i859; Orthoptera, by C. Stal, pp. 299-350, i86o; Lepidoptera, by H. D. J. Wallengren,
pp. 351-390, i86i; Hymenoptera, by A. E. Holmgren, PP. 391-442, i868;
Diptera, by C. G. Thomson, PP. 443-6I4, i868.
5o.  I3OHE~MAN, C. H., Coleoptera: Voyage de "1'Euge'nie," Insecta, pp.
II3-2i8, P1. 2, Stockholm, 1859. (BM)
The following genera and species described from Honolulu: Qodemas
n. gen. (p. 138) created for Qodemas aenescens, p. 138; Rhyncolus longulus,
p. 149; Rhyncolus gracilis, p. 15o; Megascelis subtilis, p. I52; L'uperus insularis, p. 182; Grctptodera verticalis, also found in California and Tahiti, p.
I87; Crepidoderct puberula, also found in California and Tahiti, p. 196;
Hyperaspis annularis, also found in California, P. 205; Scymnus kinbergi,
p. 209.
51.  STrAL, C(ARL), Hempitera: Voyage de "l'Euge'nie," Insecta, pp.
219-298, Pls. 3 and 4, Stockholm, 1859. (BM)
The following species described from Honolulu: Arma patruelis, p.
220; Arma pacdfica, P. 221; Nysius coe nosulus, P. 243; Capsus pellucidus, p.
255; Deiphax pulchra, P.:275; Bythosco pus viduus, p. 291.
52. STrAL, C (ARL), Orthoptera: Voyage de "l'Euge'nie," Insecta, pp. 299 -350, P1. 5, Stockholm, i86o. (BM)
Gomphocerus (Hyalopteryx) plebejus is described from Honolulu, p. 339.
53.  OSTVN-SACKItN, Baron, Einfuhrung von Mucken (Culex) auf den
Sandwich-Jnseln:- Stett. Ent. Zeit., VOL. 22, PP. 51, 52, i86i.
(HSPA)
Describes the introduction of mosquitoes (Culex), about i828-30, in an
old ship from Mazatlan, Mexico.
54. WALL1tNGREN, H. D. J., Lepidoptera, Voyage de "l'Enge'nie," Insecta, PP. 351-390, pis. 6 and 7, Stockholm, i86i. (BM)
The following species are described from Honolulu: Colias ponteni,
p. 35I; Heliothis inflate, P. 376; Salbia continuatalis, P. 381.
55   *HGN       H. A., Notizen beim    Studium   von Brauers Novara-Neuropteren: Verb. Zool. bot. Ges. Wien., VOL. 17, P. 34, 1867.
From Oahu are recorded: Anax strenuus n-sp. and Anax junius n.sp.
Specimens Of 3 junius in Berlin Museum are labeled A. ocellatus, A. severus,
and A lschua prasina.
56. HOLMCRIIN, A. E., Hymenoptera, Voyage de "l'uge'nie," Insecta,
pp. 39I-442, pl. 8, Stockholm, i868. (BM)
The following species are described from Honolulu: Echthromorpha
mzaculipennis, P. 406, and Rhygchium nigripenne, p. 441.
57. SCUIDDER, S. H., A century of Orthoptera, Decade 1, Gryllides: Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. Proc., vol. 12, pp. 139-143, Boston, I868.
(BM)
Trigonidium pacificum is described from the Hawaiian Islands, p. I39.




Illingworth-Early references to Hawaiian entomology


25


58.  THOMSON, C. G., Diptera.          Voyage de "l'Eugenie,"      Insecta, pp.
443-614, pl. 9, Stockholm, I868. (BM)
The following species are described from  Honolulu: Sarcophaga barbata, p. 533; Sarcophaga dux, p. 534; Sacrophaga pallinervis, p. 535; Catapicephala limbipennis, p. 54I; Musca flavinervis, var.? p. 547; Lispe metatarsalis, p. 562; Trypeta crassipes, p. 583.
59.  *STAL, CARL, Ennumeratio Hemipterorum           I:  K. Svenska Vet.-Ak.
Handl., vol. 9, pp. I-121, I870.
Dysdercus peruvianus Guer. is recorded from Hawaii.
60.  WATERHOUSE,     C. 0., On a new genus and species of Coleoptera belonging to thefamily Lucanidae, from       the Sandwich Islands:
Ent. Soc. London Trans., p. 315, I87I.
Mr. Harper Pease sent two specimens of a new beetle from    Honolulu,
for which Waterhouse created the genus Apterocyclus, naming the new
species A. honoluluensis.  These specimens were from     the mountains of
KauaL
6I.  BUTLER, A. G., List of the diurnal Lepidoptera of the South-Sea
Islands: Zool. Soc. London Proc., pp. 274-291, p1. 44 (colored), May 5, I874.      (BM)
The following species from  the Hawaiian islands are included: Pyrameis tammeamea Eschscholtz, p. 284; Colais ponteni Wallengren, p. 287;
Papilio sarpedon Linnaeus, recorded from the Hawaiian islands by Beechey,
p. 290. No mention is made of Vanessa cardui Linn, which was undoubtedly in the islands. (See 24, 27 and 37.)
62.  MCLACHLAN, ROBERT, Note on some Odonata (dragon-flies) from
the Hawaiian Islands... Ent. Month. Mag., vol. I, p. 92,
1874.   (A) (HSPA)
Anax junius Drury, Pantala flavescens Fab., and Tremea lacerata Hagen
are noted as abundant, and said to prey on the produce of what the Hawaiians
call the army worm, a species of Hadena, which occurs in multitudes.
63.  *STAL, CARL, Ennumeratio        Hemipterorum     IV:    Svensk. Vet. Ak.
Handl., vol. 12, pp. 121 and I52, I874.
Includes notes on Nysius caenosulus and Pamera nigriceps from Hawaii.
64.  THRUM, THOMAS, Notes on the history of coffee culture in Hawaiian Islands: Haw. Ann. for I876, pp. 46-52, I875. (BM)
Refers to the coffee blight with a discussion of control measures, p. 49.
65. SCUDDER, S. H., A cosmopolitan butterfly, its birthplace and natural
history: Amer. Nat., July, 1876. (AF)
Refers to the single citation of Vanessa cardui Linn. from the Hawaiian
islands, which appeared in the first list of the British Museum Butterflies,
where (p. 79) Mr. Doubleday credits four specimens to those islands, two
brought by Captain Byron and two by Captain Beechey. Scudder states:
"I am informed by Mr. Butlerthat there is now only one specimen in the museum
from the Sandwich Islands, and the reference upon the ticket is to the oldest manuscript
register, not now to be found. Byron and Beechey were at the islands in 1825-27. Mr.
W. T. Brigham informs me that V. cardui was not found by Mr. Mann and himself during a twelve month's residence at the islands ten years ago, and I can find no authority
for its present existence. Dr. Pickering writes that it was unknown when the Wilkes expedition visited the islands I840-41. The 'Vincennes,' to which Dr. Pickering was at



26


26          ~~~Bernice P. BishoP Museum-Bulletin


tached, was at the islands from the end of September to the beginning of April. Byron
and Beechey's visits were between the latter part of January and the middle of July.
Mr. Butler does not consider the specimen in the British Museum, nor the record of
Doubleday, sufficient authority to include this insect in his list of South Sea butterflies.
Upon the whole, we can-not fairly accept the present authority for the presence of this
insect in the Pacific Islands." (See also 24, 27, and 37.)
66. WALLACtE, A. R., Geographical distribution of animals,:2 vols., London, 1 876.
Contains a brief note on Apterocyclus (VOL. 1, P. 446).
67. BLACKBURN, THOMAS, Insect-notes from the Sandwich Isles: Ent.
Month. Mag., vol. I13, PP. 2277228, London, I877. (AF)
In discussing his first impressions of the insect fauna of the islands,
]Blackburn states:
"Coleoptera are distinctly not common; Orthoptera, chiefly earn-igs and cockroaches,
in considerable variety; a fair number of Hymenoptera; too many Diptera of the mosquito type; a few Hemiptera; and many 1Lepidoptera, but only two butterflies, a large
Papilio and V~anessa kammeamea."
68. BLACKBURN., THOMAS., Characters of a new genus and descriptions
of two new species of Cossonidae from the Sandwich Islands:
Ent. Month. Mag., vol. 14, PP. 4-5, London, 1827. (AF)
Anotbeorus nugen., A. montanues n.sp., Oodemcas halticoides., n.sp. are
described.
69. BLACKBURN, THOMAS, Characters of a new genus, and descriptions,of new species, of Geodephaga from the Sandwich Islands, I:
Ent. Month. Mag., vol. 14, PP. 142-148, London, 1877. (AF)
The following insects are described: Saronychium n.gen., S. inconspicuum, n.sp., Anchomenus mnuscicola nasp., A. epicuru~s n.sp., A. protervus
n.sp., A scrupulosus n.sp., A. fraternus n.sp., A. meticulosus n.sp., A. cuneipennis n.sp., A. fossipennis n.sp., A oceanicus n.sp., A. bardus n.sp., A. fugitivus n.sp., A. mnysticus n.sp.', Dyscolus tantalus n.sp., D. palmae n.sp., D.
mutabilis n.sp., D. caliginosus n.5p.
70. BUTrLER, A. G., List of heterocerous Lepidoptera recently collected
by the Rev. T. Blackburn in the Hawaiian Islands: Ent. Month.
Mag., vol. 14, PP. 47-50, London, I8,77. (AF)
The forms described are: Deilephila livornica Esper., Protoparce cingulata Fab., Leucania dislocata Walker, Prodenia ingloria Walker, Plusia
verticillata Gue'ne&, Hypena obsoleta n.sp., H. insignis n.sp., Herminia
caeneusalis Walker, Botys blaclkburni n.s'p., B. accepta n.sp., Pyralis achatina
n.sp., Rhodaria despecta n.sp., Hymenia recurvalis Fab., ]Bphestia elutella
Hub., Argyresthia sp., Laverna sp.
71. WHITE, F. B., Descriptions of new species of heteropterous Hemiptera collected in Hawaiian Islands by Blackburn, No. i: Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist., 4th ser., VOL. 20, pp. 110-114, 1877.
(HSPA)
The species described are Cydnidae: Geotomnus subtristis n.sp., G.
jucundus n.sp.-Anthrocoridae: Tripleps persequens n-sp., Cardiasthethus
nsundulus n.sp.-Nabidae: Nabis innotatus n.sp., N. subrufus n.sp., N. lusciosus n.sp.-Emesidae: Luteva insolida n.sp.-Hebridae: Merragata nugen.,
M. hebroides n.sp.-Corixidae: Corixa blackburni n.sp.




Illingworth-Early references to Hawaiian entomology        2


27


72. BLACKBURN, THOMAS, Some observations on the genus Qodemas of
the family Cossonidae with descriptions of new species: Soc.
Ent. Belgique Ann., PP. 73-76, i878. (AF)
The following species are described: Qodernas nivicola n.sp., 0. aenescens Bob., 0. scuipturatum n.sp., 0. insulare n.sp., 0. robustum n.sp., 0.
obscurum n.sp., 0. angustum n.sp., 0. mauiense n-sp., 0. borrei a~sp., 0. halticoides Blackb.
73. BLACKBURN, THOMAS, Characters of new genera and descriptions of
new species of Geodephaga from the Hawaiian islands, II:
Ent. Month. Mag., vol. 15, PP. I19-I23 and i~6-i~8, London,
1878. (AF)
The following are described: Atrachycnemis, nugen., A. sharpt n.sp,'
Disenochus n.gen., D. auomalus, n.sp., Anchomenus insociabilis n.sp., A. erro
n.sp., A. sharpi n.sp., A rupicola n.sp., Cyclothorax montivagus n.sp., C.
micans n.sp., C. multipunctatus n.sp., C. brevis Sharp, C. oahuensis n.sp., C.
simiolus n.sp., C. obscuricolor n.sp.
74.  BUTLhER, A. G., On Lepidoptera from        the Hawaiian islands: Ent.
Month. Mag., vol. 14~, P. i85, London, i878. (AV)
Descriptions are given of the following species: Danais archip pus Fab.,
Leucania dislocata Wailk., Plusia verticillata Gue'nee, Botys blackburni Butler,
B. accepta Butler.
75. SHARP, DAVID, Descriptions of some new species and a new genus
of rhyncophorous Coleoptera from Hawaiian Islands: Ent. Soc.
London, Trans., for 1878, PP. 15-26, i878. (AF)
The following insects were collected by Thomas Blackburn: Proterhinus
vestitus n.sp., P. blackburni n.sp., P. simplex n.sp., P. obscurus n.sp., P.
oscillans n.sp., P. debilis n.sp, Dryophthorus squalidus n.sp., D. gravidus n.sp.,
D. crassus n.sp., D. declivia n.sp., D modestus nsp., D. pusillus n.sp., D.
insignis n.sp., Pentarthrum prolixumn n.sp., P. obscurum n.sp., P. blackburni
n.sp.
76.  SHARP, DAVID, On some Nitidulidae from          the Hawaiian Islands:
Ent. Soc. London, Trans. for 1878, PP. 127-140, I878. (AF)
Descriptions are given of the following beetles collected by Blackburn:
Gonioryctus latus n.sp., G. blackburni n.sp., G. monticola n.sp., Brachypeplus
discendens n.sp., B. puncticeps n.s~p., B. robustus n.sp., B. 'reitteri n.sp., B.
infirmus n.sp., B. impressus n.sp. B. inaequalis n.sp., B. omalioides n.sp., B.
brevis n.sp., B. asper n-sp., Carpophilus hemipterus Linn., C. dimidiatus Er.,
C. maculatus Murray, Hap toncus tetragonus Murray, and H. mundus n.sp.
77.  SHARP, DAVID, On some longicorn Coleoptera from           the Hawaiian
islands: Ent. Soc. London, Trans. for i878, pp. 201, 210, i878.
(AF)
Descriptions are given of the following beetles collected by Blackburn:
Parandra puncticeps n.sp., Stenocorus simplex Gyll., Astrimus n.gen., A. obscurus n.sp., Sotenus n.gen., S. setiger n.sp., Clytarlus n.gen., C. robustus
n.sp., C. cristatus n.sp., Micracantha nutans n.sp., Qopsis nutator Fab., and
Lagochirus araneiformnis,inn.
78. SHARP, DAVID, Description of new species probably indicating a new
genus of Anchomenidae       from   the  Sandwich    Islands:   Ent.
Month. Mag., vol. 14, PP. 179-i8o, 1878. (AF)
Describes Blackburnia insignis n-sp.




28


28           ~~~Bernice P. Bishop Mutseum-Bulletin


79.. TUELY, N. C., Description of new species of butterfly from Sandwich
Jslands: Ent. Month. Mag., vol. 15, PP. 9-10, 1878. (AF)
Describes Holochila blackburni n-sp.
8o. TuELY., N. C., Description of the larvae of Pyrameis hunteri: Ent.
Month. Mag., vol. 15, pp. i6-17, 1878. (AF)
81. WHITE, F. B., Descriptions of new species of heteropterous Hemiptera collected in the Hawaiian islands by the Rev. T. Blackburn,
No. 2: Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 5th ser., vol. I, PP. 365-374,
I878. (USPA) 
The Hemiptera described are Asopidae: Qechalia patru~elis Stal.Lygaeidae: Nysius dallasi n.sp., N. delectus n.sp., N. arboricola n.sp., N.
coenosulus Stal, Pamera nigriceps Dali, Clerada cipicicornis Sign., Reclada
n.gen., R. moesta n.s'p., Metrarga n. gen., M. nuda n.sp., M. villosa n.sp.
Caps~idae:  Capsus pellucidus Stal.-Anthocordidae:  Cardiastethus sodiali
n.sp. Acanthiidae: Acanthia lectularia Linn.-Saldidae: Salda exulaus n.sp.
-Nabidae: Nabis blackburni n.sp.-Veliidae: Microvelia vagans n.sp.
82.  BLAc KBURN, THOMAS, Characters of new         genera and descriptions
of new species of Geodephaga from the Hawaiian islands, III:
Ent. Month. Mag., vol. i6, pp. IO4-I09, London, i879. (AF)
Blackburn describes; Anchornenidae: Anchomenus lucipetens n.sp., A.
incendiarius n.sp., Cyclothorax pele n.sp., C. bembidioides n.sp., C. paradoxus
n.sp., C. deverilli n.sp., C. vulcanus n~sp.-Bembidiidae: Bembidium (Lopha)
ignicola n.sp.
83. BLACKBURN, THOMAS, Vanessa cardui in Hawaii: Ent. Month. Mag.,
vol. i6, p. i6i, London, 1879. (AF)
From the paper by Blackburn the following is quoted:
Referring to the paper headed "The Recent Abundance of Vanessa
cardui," in the August number of this magazine, it may be of interest to note
that I have obs'erved the species in considerable abundance (but not in compact swarms) at various points on the Hawaiian Archipelago, between February and July this year (1879),-though I have not previously noticed it during the three years I have been living on the islands. Its near ally, V. hunteri, has occurred in about the usual numbers. The season has been here,
probably, as much cloudier and more showery than usual as in Great Britain.
V. cardui has been recorded, I believe, as occurring on the Hawaiian Islands,
but I cannot at this moment lay my hands on the authority. (See 24, 27,
37, and 65.)
84.   BUTLE~R, A. G., On heterocerous Lepidoptera collected in the Hawaiian islands by the Rev. T. Blackburn: Ent. Month. Mag., vol.
1 5, pp. 269-273, London, 1879. (AF)
The species described are Leucaniidae: Leucanict photo phila n.sp.-Noctuidae: Agrotis suffusa W.V., A. arenivolans n.sp.-Hydrocampidae: Oligostigma curta n.sp.-Botydidae: Botys accepta Butl., B. continuatalis. (Salbia
continuatalis Wllgr.), B. demaratalis Walk., Mecyna exigua n.sp.-Larentiidae:
Larentia insularis n.sp., Pseudocoremia paludicola n.sp., Scotosia rara n.sp.
-Phycidae: Plodia interpunctalis Hiib.-Tineidae: Scardia lignivora n.sp. 
95. SHARP, DAVID, On some Coleoptera from the Hawaiian islands: Ent.
Soc. Trans., PP. 77-I05, London, i879. (AF)
Descriptions are given of the beetles collected by Blackburn. They represent Hydrophilidae: Omicrus n.gen., 0. brevipes n.sp., Hydrophilus semicylin



Illingwvorth-Early references to Haataiian entomology             29
dricus Esch., Cyclonotum subquadratum F~airm., Sphaeridium abdominale Fab.
-Nitidulidae: BrachyPeplus tinctus n.sp., B. explanatus n.sp., B. protinoides
n.sp.-Cucujlidae: Monanus nugen., M. crenatus n.sp.-Colydiidae: Antilissus
nugen., A. asper n.sp.-Mycetophagidae: Litargus vestitus n.sp., Propalticus
n.gen., P. oculatus n.sp.-Scarabaeidae: Aphodius Pacificus n.sp.-Cioidae:
Cis alienus n.sp., C. Pacificus n.sp. C. Procdtus n.sp., C. signatus n.sp. C. bicolor n.sp. C. tabidus n.sp., C. dimninutivus n.sp., C. laeticulus n.sp., C. evanescens n.sp.-Aglycyderidae: Proterhinus nigricans n.sp. P. collaris n.sp. P. humneralis n.sp. P. pusillus n.sp., P. longulus n.sp., P. basalis n.sp., P. sternalis
n.sp., P. lecontei n.sp., P. pctradoxus n.sp.-Scolytidae: Hypothenenius maculicollis n.sp.-Cerambycidae: Clytarlus microgaster n.sp., and C. niuodcstus
n.sp.
86.   S MITH., FRE~DERICK, Descriptions of new      species of aculeate Hymenoptera collected by the Rev. Thos. Blackburn in the Sandwich islands: Linn. Soc. London Journ., vol. 14, pp. 674-685,
1879. (BM)
The species described are as follows: Formicidae: Camponotus sexguttatus Fab., Phenolepis clandestina Mayr.- Poneridae: Ponera contracta
Latr.-Myrmicidae   Tetramorium   guineense  Fab., Pheidole pusilla  Heer.,
Solenopsis gemmata Mayr. and Roger. -Sphegidae: Pelopoeus flavipes
Fab. -Larridae: Pison   iridipennis n.sp., P. hospes n.sp. -Crabronidae:
Crabro affinis n.sp., C. mandibularis n.sp., C. denticornis n.sp., C. unicolor
Smith.-Eumenidae: Odynerus localis n.sp., 0. maurus n.sp., 0. rubritinctus
n.sp., 0. montanus n.sp., 0. congruus n.sp., 0. dubiosus n.sp., 0. agilis n.sp.Vespidae: Polistes aurifer Sauss.-Andrenidae: Prosopis blackburni n.sp.,
P. fuscipennis n.sp., P. facilis n.sp., P. hilaris n.sp., P. volatilis n.sp.-Apidae:
Megachile diligens n.sp., Xylocopa aeneipennis De Geer, and Apis mellilica
Linn.
87. WATERHOUSE, C. 0., Description of a new genus and species of
heteromerous Coleoptera of the family Cistelidae from Honolulu: Ent. Month. Mag., vol. i5, pp. 267-268, London, I879.
The genus and species described are: Labetis n.gen., L. tibialis n.sp.
88. WHITE, F. B., Descriptions of new Anthocoridae: Ent. Month.
Mag., vol. 16, pp. 142-148, London, 1879.
The following are described from Hawaii: Dilasia denigrata n.sp.,
Hawaii, 3,000 feet; D. decolor n.sp., Honolulu; Lilia n.gen.; L. dilecta n.sp.,
Maui, 5,000 feet.
89. BLACKBURN, THOMAS, and KIRBY, W. F., Notes on species of aculeate Hymenoptera occurring in the Hawaiian islands: Ent.
Month. Mag., vol. 17, pp. 85-89, London, i88o. (AF)
The following species are discussed: Prosopis blackburni Sm., P. fuscipennis Sm., P. facilis Sm., P. hilaris Sm., P. volitalis Sm., P. flavifrons n.sp.,
Xylocopa aeneipennis De G., Apis melifica Linn., Pelopaeus flavipes Fab.,
Odynerus localis Sm., 0. maurus Sm., 0. rubritinctus Sm., 0. blackburni
n.sp., 0. montanus Sm., 0. congruus Sm., 0. dubiosus Sm., 0. agilis Sm.,
Crabro afinis'Sm., C. mandibularis Sm., C. denticornis Sm., C. unicolor Sm.,
C. stigius n.sp., Pison irridipennis Sm., P. hospes Sm., Polistes aurifer Sauss.,
Camponotus sexguttatus Mayr., Prenolepsis clandestina Mayr., Ponera contracta Latr., Leptogenys insularis Sm., Tetramorium guineense Fab., Pheidole pusilla Heer., Solenopsis gcniii'aata Fab., Evdnia laevigata Latr.




30


30          ~~~Bernice P. Bishop Museum-Bulletin


90. ]3UTLER, ARTHUR G., On two small consignments of Lepidoptera
from the Hawaiian Islands: Ent. Month. Mag., vol. I7, pp. 6-9,
London, i 88o.
The following species collected by Blackburn are described: Danais
archpps Fab., Protoparce blackbun      n.sp., Deilephila livornicct Esper.,
Leucania dislocate Walk., L. extranea Guen., Prodenia ingloria Walk., Caradina venosa n.sp., Agrotis suffusa Gmel., Spaelotis lucicolens n.sp., S. cremata n.sp., Heliothis con ferta Walk., Flusia verticillata Guen., Toxocamnpa
noctivolans n.sp., Scotosia rara Butl., Hypena obsoleta Butl., H. insignis Butl.,
H. fascialis Cram., Scopula exigua n-sp., S. altivolans- n.sp.
91.  HAROLD, E. VON, Einige neue Coleopteren:          Miinchener Ent. Ver.
Mitth., VOL. 4, PP. 148-i8i, i88o. (AF)
Von Harold describes Clytarlus finschi n.sp. von den Sandwich-Inseln
(Finsch!) (p. i66). This species is now in the genus Plagithmysus'. [J.F..]
92.  RILEY, C. V., Note: Amer. Ent., vol. 3, P. I5o, i88o. (HSPA)
Riley states: Mr. T. Blackburn of Honolulu communicated that Vanessa cardui appeared quite frequently in the year I879, on the island of Hawaii,
during the month of February till July.   He never before observed the
species on the island mentioned above.
93.   SHARP, DAVID, On some Coleoptera from the Hawaiian Islands: Ent.
Soc. London Trans., PP. 37-54, i88o'. (AF)
Th following species- are described: Falagria currax n.sp., Tachyusa
pumila n.sp. Diestota Plane n.sp., D. parva n.sp., D. laetirn  n.sp., D. palpelis n.sp., D. puncticeps n.sp., D. carinata n.sp., D. rufescens n.sp., PhlaeoPore cingulata n.sp., P. diluta n.sp., Oligote clevicons n.sp., 0. polite n.sp.,
0. glabra n.sp., 0. mutanda n.sp., Liophaena gracilipes n.sp., L. flaviceps n.sp.,
Myllaena vicina n.sp., M. ferniliaris n.sp., M. curtipes n.sp., M. discidens n.sp.,
Pachycorynus discedens n.sp., Oxytelus advena n.sp., Trogophlaeus senilis
n.sp., T. frontinalis n.sp., T. abdominalis n.sp., Glyptoma blackburni n.sp.,
G. brevipenne n.sp., Lispinodes explicandus n.sp.
94. BLACKBURN, THOMAS, Description of four new species of Cossonidae from   the Hawaiian Islands: Ent. Month. Mag., vol. -17,
pp. 199-2,01, London, i88i. (AF)
The four species are: Qodemas olindae n.sp., 0. substrictum n.sp., 0.
infernum n.sp., 0. ignavus n.sp.
95. BLACKBURN, THOMAS, Characters of new genera and'descriptions of
new species of Geodephaga from the Hawaiian Islands, IV:
En.Month. Mag., vol. 17, pp.. 226-229, London, i88i. (AF)
The following are described: Anchomenidae: Disenochus terebratus
n.sp., Anchomenus putealis n.sp., Cyclothorax unctus n.sp., C. laetus n.sp.,
C. robustus n.sp.-Bembidiidae: Bembidium (Notaphus) spurcum n.sp., B.
teres fl.sp.
96. BUTLER, A. G., On a collection of nocturnal Lepidoptera from           the
Hawaiian Islands: Annals andiMag. Nat. Hist., 5th ser., vol.
7, PP. 3I7-333, I88i. (AF) (HSPA)
Descriptions are given of the following species collected by Blackburn:
Sphingidae: Deilephila calida n-sp.-Larentiidae: Scotosia, corticea n.sp.,
EuPithecia monticolens n.sp.-Noctuidae: Spoelotis crinigera n-sp., Apemeidee chersotoides n.sp., A. cinctipennis n.sp.-Heliothidae: Heliothis ar



lllingworth-Early references to Hawaiian entomology         3


31


migera Hub.-Hypenidae: Hypena obsoleta IButl.,H.atvln         Bular
simplex.-Hercynidae: Boreophila min~uscula n.sp., APorodes micacea n.sp.Margarodidae: Margaronia, glauculalis Guenee.-lBotididae: Anemosa aurora
n.sp., Mecyna ennychioides n.sp., M. nigrescens n.sp., M. exigua Buti., M.
virescens n.sp.-Scopariidae: Scoparia haweaiensis n~sp., S. jucunda n.sp., var.
formosa, S. frigida n.sp., S. coarctata Zeller, S. venosa n-sp.-Phycidae:
Ephestia humeralis n.sp., E. albosparsa n.sp.
97.  CAMERON, PETER, Notes on Hymenoptera, with descriptions of -new
species: Ent. Soc. London Trans., pp. 555-563, i88i. (AF)
The following species, collected by Blackburn, are described from HIonoluiu: Sierola n.gen., S. testaceipes n.sp.-Braconidae: Chelonus carinatus n.sp.,
Monolexis palliatus n.sp.-Chalcidae: Chalcis polynesialis n-sp., and Crabronidae: Crabo polynesialis n.sp.
98. KARScH, P., Zur Kiiferfauna der Sandwich-Marshall-und GilbertsInseln: Berlin Ent. Zeit., VOL. 25, PP. 1-14, p1. I, i88i. (AF)
(US)
The following species are recorded from Hawaii: Acupalpus biseriatus
n.sp., Platynus planus n.sp., Calpodes octoocellatus n.sp., Anisodactylus cuneatus
n.sp., Promecoderus fossulatus n.sp., Corymbites coruscus n.sp., Elater humeralis
n.sp., Trypopitys capucinus n.sp.j Epitragus diremptus n.sp., Rhyncolus opacus
n.sp., Aegosoma reflexum n.sp., Stasilea curvicornis n.sp., Clytarlus finschi Har.,
C. pulvillatus n.sp.
99. SHARP, DAVID, On some new Coleoptera from the Hawaiian
Islands: Ent. Soc. London Trans., PP. 507-534, 188I. (AIF)
Descriptions are given of the following beetles collected by Blackburn:
Nitidulidae: Brachypeplus inauratus n.sp., B. affinis n.sp., B. bidens n.sp.,
B. vestitus n.sp., B. metallescens n~sp., B. varius n.sp., B. guttatus n.sp., B.
sordidus n.sp., B striatus n.sp, B. obsoletus n.sp., B. blackburni n.sp.Anobiidae: Xyletobius n.gen., X. marmoratus n.sp., X. nigrinus n.sp., X.
osculatus n.sp., Holcobius n.gen., H. granulatus n.sp., H. gla'bricollis n.sp.,
H. major n.sp., Mirosternus n.gen., M. punctatus n.sp., M. obscurus n.sp.,
M. muticus n.sp., M. carinatus n.sp., M. glabripennis n~sp., M. debilis n.sp.,
M. bicolor n.sp.-Aglycyderidae: Proterhinus hystrix n.sp., P. dispar n.sp.,
P. gracilis n.sp., P. angularis n.sp., P. punctipennis n.sp., P. validus n.sp.Cerambycidae: Clytarlus pennatus n-sp., and C. fragilis n.sp.
100. WHITE~, F. B., Descriptions of new species of heteropterous Hemiptera collected in the Hawaiian Islands by the Rev. T. Blackburn, No. 3: Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist., 5th ser., VOL. 7, PP.
52-59, i88i. (HSPA)
The species described are: Scutelleridae: Coleolichus blackburniae n.sp.
-Lygaeidae: Nysius blackburni n.sp., N. nitidus n.sp., N. nemorivagus n.sp.,
N. rubescens n.sp., NT. pteridicola n.sp., N. vulcan n.sp., Cymus calvus n.sp.,
C. criniger n.sp.-Antbrocoridae: Dilasia denigrata White, D. decolor White,
Lilia dilecta White.-Emesidae: Ploiariodes n.gen., P. whitei (Blk.M.S.)n.sp.
loi. BLACKBURN., THOMAS, Descriptions of the larvae of Hawaiian Lepidoptera: Ent. Month. Mag., vol. I9, PP. 55-56, 1882. (AF)
The species discussed are: Vanessa tammaemea Eschscholtz, Holochila
blackburni Tuely, Agrotis cremata Butler and Rhodaria despecta Butler.




32


32          ~~~Bernice P. Bishop Museum-Bulletin


i02. BLACKBURN, THOMAS, Characters of new genera and descriptions of
new species of Geodephaga from the Hawaiian Islands, V:
Ent. Month. Mag., vol. 19, pp. 62-64, London, 1882. Continued
from vol. 17, P. 229.
The   following  species are  described  Anchomenidae: Cyclothorax
harscl'i n.sp., AcuPalpus biseriatus Karsch, Platynus planus Karsch, Colpodes
octoceilatus Karsch, Anisodactylus cuneatus Karsch.
103.  BLACKBURN, THOMAS, Hawaiian            entomology:     Haw. Ann.      for
1882, PP. 58-6i, Honolulu, i88i. (BM)
Blackburn says that Hawaii is a comparatively unexplored field of natural history. His statements may be summarized as follows: The Orthoptera are represented by few species; no true grasshoppers and no Mantidae are known; about 500 species of Coleoptera have been collected, 8o
per cent of them apparently native; the Neuroptera (including Odonata)
have been little studied; the order Hymenotera is richer than other orders;
ants are numerous, the Madeira house ants, Pheidole pusilla Heer, being the
most abundant; the Lepidoptera are little known, but about i00 species have
been described-not a quarter of those that might be collected; Hemiptera
and Homoptera are represented in collections by about ioo species; there
are probably hundreds of species of Diptera, but scarcely 50 are represented
in collections; mosquitoes, (house) flies, and fleas are pests. Blackburn's
paper includes a bibliography of Hawaiian entomology.
104. CHAMBERLAIN, J. E., The peelua -or army worm of -the Hawaiian
Islands: Haw. Ann. for 1883, PP. 44-50, Honolulu, 1882. (BM)
A valuable historical paper upon the activities of Prodenia ingloria
Walk. as a pest of grasses.
105. BORMANs, Auc.. DE,, Faune orthopterologique des Iles Hawai ou
Sandwich: Genoa Mus. Civ. di St. Nat. Ann., Vol. i8, ii
Lugjio, PP. 338-348, I882. (AF) (US)
The following species collected by Blackburn are discussed:.Forficularia:
Anisolabis littorea White, A. maritima Bonelli, Labia pygidiata Dub., Chelisoches morio Fab., Forficula hawaiensis n.sp.-Blattaria: Blatta hieroglyphica Brunn., Periplaneta decorata Brunn., P. ligata Brunn., P. americana
Linn., Eleutheroda dytiscoides Serv., Panchiora surinamensis Linn., Oniscosoma pallida Brunn., Euthyrrapha pacifica Coquebert.-Locustodea: Elimaea appendiculata Brunn., Conocephalus blackburni n.sp. Gryllodea: Gryvlius innotabilis Walk., Trigonidium pacificum Scud.
io6. BU'rLER, A. G., On a small collection of Lepidoptera from the Hawaiian Islands: Ent. Soc. London Trans., PP. 3 1-45, i882.
(AF)
Descriptions are given of the following Lepidoptera collected by Blackburn:   Lycaenidae: Pol~yommatus boeticus Linn.-Leucaniidae: Leucania
extranea  Guenee.-Gonopteridae:   Gonitis  hawaiiensis  n.sp.-Hypocalidae:
Hypocala velans Wialk.-Pyralidae: Locastra monticolens n.sp.-Steniidae:
Met asia abnormis n.sjp., Secotomera hydrophila n.sp.-Botididae: Mestalobes
n.gen., M. aenone n.s'p., M. simaethina n.sp., M. semiochrea n.sp., Secopula
constricta n.sp.-Scopariidae: Scoparia coarctata Zell.-Crambidae: Eromene
bella Hubn.-.Tortricidae: Teras illepida n.sp., ProteopteryX walsinghamii
n.sp.-Tineidae: Tinea simulans n-sp.-Elachistidae: Laverna parda Butler,
var. montivolans, L. aspersa n.sp.-Pterophoridae: Platyptilus littoralis n.sp.




Illingworth~-Early references to Hawaiian entomology      3


33


107. WHITNEtY, H. M., The cane borer: Haw. Planters' Monthly, Vol.
I, PP. 145-146, Honolulu, i882. (BM) (HSPA)
A popular economic article-recommends burning.
I08. BUTLER., A. G., On a small series of Lepidoptera from the Hawaiian
Islands: Ent. Month. Mag., vol. i9, pp. I76-i80, London, 1883.
(AF)
The following species are described:  $cotorythra nagen., S. arbor-'
icolens n.sp.,-Pyrales,: Scopula litorea n.sp., Orthomecyna nugen., 0. albicaudata n.sp., 0. exigua, var. cupreipennis, Melanomecyna n.gen., M. stellata,
n.sp., Gesneria floricolens n.sp.,-Tineina: Depressaria sp., Azinis hilarella
Walk.
l09. CAMERON, PE~TER, Descripti ons of new      genera and species of Hynmenoptera: Ent. Soc. London Trans., pp. i87-193, 1883. (AF)
Descriptions are given of the following Hymenoptera collected by
Blackburn: Chalcididae: Epitranus lacteipennis n.sp., Moranila n.gen., M. testaceiceps n.sp., Solindena n.gen., S. picticornis nasp., Eupelmus flavipes n.sp.
-Evaniidae: Evania. sericea n.sp.-Ichneumonidae: Limneria polynesialis
n.sp., L. blackburni n.sp., Ophion lineatus n.sp., 0. nigricans a~sp.
i ict McLACHLAN, ROBE~RTI, Neuroptera of the Hawaiian Islands: Annals
and Mag. Nat. Hist., 5th ser., vol. 12, pp. 226-240, 1883.
(HSPA)
Descriptions, are given of the following neuropteroid insects collected
by Blackburn: Termitidae: Calotermes castaneus Burm., C. marginipennis
Latr.-Embidae: Oligotoma insularis n.sp.-Psocidae: Psocus sp., Elipsocus
vinosus a~sp., Odonata, Pantala flavescens Fab., Tramea lacerata Hagen,
Lepthemis blackburni nasp., Anax junius Drury, A. strenuus Hagen, Agrion
xanthomelas Selys., A. hawaiiensis n.sp., A. pacificum n.sp., A. deceptor nasp.,
A. calliphya nasp., Megalagrion nagen., M. blackburni n.sp., M. oceanicum
n.sp.
iii.  McLAcHLAN, ROBERT,. Neuroptera of the Hawaiian Islands, Part
II, Planipennia, with general summary: Annals and Mag. Nat.
Hist., 5th ser., vol. 12, PP. 298-303, 1883. (HSPA)
This paper includes descriptions of neuropteroid insects collected by
Blackburn: Hemerobiidae: Megalomus sp.-Chrysopidae: Anomalochrysa
n.gen., A. hepatica n.sp., A. rufescens a~sp., Chrysopa micro phya n.sp., C.
oceanica Walk.-Myrmeleontidae: Formicaleo perjurus Walk.
112. ME~YRIcK, EDWARD., Notes on        Hawaiian    Microlepidoptera:   Eat.
Month. Mag., vol. 20, PP. 31-36, 1883. (AF)
Descriptions: are given of the following moths collected by Blackburn:
Conchylidae: Heterocossa achroana n.sp.-Gelechidae: Depressaria indecora
Buti., Thyrocopa n.gen., T. (Depressaria) usitata Butl., Synomotis nagen., S.
epicapna n.sp., Automola nagen., A. pelodes n.sp., Parasia sedata Buti.,
Diplosara nugen., D. (Sardia) lignivora Butl.-Tineidae: Blabophanes longella
Walk.
113. SMITH, W. 0., Cane borer: Planters' Monthly, Vol. 2, PP. 56-57,
Honolulu, 1883. (HSPA)
This is' a popular article, which includes suggestive discussion of control measures.




34                 Bernice P. Bishop Museum-Bulletin
I14. WHITE~, F. B., Report on the pelagic Hemiptera. procured during the
voyage of H.M.S. "Challenger," in the years 1873-76: Rept.
Voyage H.M.S. "Challenger," Zoology, vol. 7, 82 PP., 3 PIS.
(2 col.), London, 1883. (BM)
De'scribes Holobates sericeus Esch., the principal species occurring in
the waters about Hawaii. (See PP. 47-48, P1. i, fig. 7.)
115. BLACKBURN, THOMAS, Notes on some Hawaiian Carabidae: 'Ent.
Month. Mag., Vol. 21, PP. 25-26, London, 1884. (AF)
Discusses Atrachynemis, Anchomenuss muscicola Blackb., and Mauna
n.gen. created for the insect hitherto called Blackburni frigidca Blackb.
i i6. BLACHBURN., THOMAS, Notes on Hawaiian Neuroptera with descriptions of new species: Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist. 5th ser.-,
vol.- 14, PP. 412-421, i884. (USPA)
The species described are: Odonata: Agrion satelles n.sp., A. oahuense
n.sp., A. nigro-hamatum n.sp., A. koelense n.sp., A. pacificutm Maci.-Hemerobiidae: Megalomus spp.-Chrysopidae: Anomalochrysa nmaclachlani n.sp..
A. montana n.sp., A. ornatipennis n-sp.
117. KIRBY, W. F., On the Hymenoptera collected during the recent expedition of H.M.S. "Challenger": Annals and Mag. Nat. list.,
5th ser., vol. 13, P. 402, 1884. (HSPA)
This paper includes the following references to Hawaiian insects:
Evaniidae  Evania -laevigata Latr. (p. 40,3),.-.Vespidae- Polistes aurifer
Sauss. (P. 410), P. carnifecx Fab. (P. 4II).
i i8. OSTVN-SACKE~N, C. R., Facts concerning the importation or nonimportation of Diptera into distant countries: Ent. Soc. London Trans., pp. 489-496, 1884. (AF)
'These interesting historical notes relate to the introduction of the night
mosquito, Cstlex quinquefasiatuts Say.
119. SHARP, DAVID, On some genera of the subfamily Anchomenini
(Platynini Horn.) from the Hawaiian Islands: Ent. Month.
Mag., Vol. 20, pp. 217-219, London, i884. (AF)
The following genera are discussed: Metromentis n.gen., Colpodiscus n.
gen., Barypristus n.gen., Blackburni, Disenochus, Atrachycnemis and Cyclothorax.
120.  BLACKBURN., THOMAS,, and SHARP., DAVID., Memoirs on the Coleoptera of the Hawaiian Islands: Roy. Dublin Soc. Trans., 2d
ser., vol. 3, PP. 119-290, PlS. 4 and 5, i885. (BM) (AF)
(USPA)
This~ resume' of knowledge of the Coleoptera of Hawaii includes descriptions of the following new genera and species,: Dytiscidae: Coplatus
mautiensis ni.sp.-Staphylinidae: Bolitochara impacta n.sp., Diestota montana
n.sp., D. incognita n.sp., Myllaena pacifica n.sp., M. oahuensis n.sp., Oligota
kauaiensis n.sp., 0. longipennis n.sp., 0 simulans n.sp., 0. variegata n.sp.,
0. prolixa n.sp., Lithocharis incompta n.sp., Oxytelus bledioides n.sp., hispinodes quadratus n.sp., L. pallescens n.sp.,-Corylophidae: Corylophus rotundus n.sp., C. suturalis n.sp., Sericoderus basalis n.sp., S. pubipennis n.sp.,
Orthoperus aequalis n.sp.-Histeridae: Bacanius atoinarius n.sp., B. con fusus
n.sp., Acritus insularis n.sp., Aeletes longipes n.sp., A. concentricus n-sp., A.




I/lingzworthr-.Early references to Hawzaiian entomology      3


35


monticola n.sp., A. facilis n.sp.-Nitidulidae: Gonioryctus fugitivus n.sp., G.
similis n-sp., Brachypeplus olinda n.sp., B. torvus, n.sp., B. koelensis n.sp.,
B. floricoict n.sp., B. celatus n.sp., B. apertus n.sp., B. quadracallis n.sp., B.
parallelu nsp., B. expers n.sp., B. spretus n.sp., B- bicolor, n.sp., B. discedens Sh.var., kauaiensis nyvar., and B. blackbur'ni Sh-var. lanaiensis n.var.Colydiidae: Eulachus hispidus n.sp.,-Cucujidae: Brontolaemus n.gen., B.
elegans n-sp., Laemorphloeus aeneus n.sp., Monanus brevicornis n.sp., Telephanus insularis n-sp., T. pallidipennis n.sp.-Crytophagidae: Telmatophilus
debilis n.sp.-Erotylidae: Euxestus minor n.sp., Eidoreus n.gen., E. minutus
n.sp.-Coccinellidae: Scymnus vividus n.sp., S'. ocellatus n.sp., S. discendens
n.sp.-Dermestidae: Attagenus plebeius n.sp., Labrocerus n.gen., L'. jaynei
n.sp., L. concolor n.sp., L. obscurus n.sp., Cryptorhopalum brevicorne n.SP.,
C. terminale n.sp.-Eucnemidae: Fornax bonvouloiri n.sp., F. scuipturatus
n.sp., F. parallelus n.sp., F. longicornis n.sp., F. obtusus n.sp.-Elateridae:
Eopenthes n.gen., E. basalis n.sp., E. obscurus n.sp., E. debilis n-sp., E. konate
n.sp., B. ambiguus n.sp., E. satelles n.sp., Itodacnus n.gen., I. gracilis n.sp.Malacodermidae: Helcogaster pectinatus n.sp.,Caccodes n.gen., C. debilis
n.sp.-Ptinidae: Xyletobius insignis n.sp., X. affinis n.sp., X. serricornis n.sp.,
X. lineatus n.sp., Catorama pusilla, n.sp., Mirosternus acutus n.sp..-Bostrichidae: Bostrichus migrator n.sp.-Cioidae: Cis bimaculatus n.sp., C. nigrofasciatus n.sp., C. longipennis, n.sp., C. apicalis n.sp., C. setctrius n.sp., C.
concolor n.sp., C. chioroticus n.sp., C. calidus n.sp., C. insularis n.sp., C.
roridus n.sp., C. attenuatus n.sp., C. ephistemoides n.sp., C. vagepunctatus
n.sp.-Tenebrionidae: Platydema obscurum n.sp., Sciophagus n.gen. for
Heterophaga pandanicola Esch., Labetes tibialis Wat., Cistela crassicornis
n.sp., Anthicus mundulus n.sp., Ananca collaris n.sp.-Aglyceleridae: Proterhinus linearis n.sp., P. scutatus n.sp., P. similis n-sp., P. laticollis n.sp., P.
tarsalis n.sp., P robustus n.sp., P. ineptus n.sp., P. integer n.sp., P. detritus
n.sp., P. longicornis n.sp., P. insignis n.sp.-Curculonidae: Rhyncogonus n.
gen., R. blackburni n.sp., R. vestitus n.sp., Acalles late'ralis n.sp., A. duplex
n.sp., A. angusticollis n.sp., A. mauiensis n.sp., A. ignotus n.sp., A. decoratus
n.sp., Chaenosternum n.gen., C. konanuin n.sp., Hyperomorpha n.'gen., H.
squamosa n.sp., Calandra remota n.sp., Qodemas tardum n.sp., 0. aequale
n.sp., 0. crassicorne n.sp., Heteramphus nugen., H. wollastoni n.sp., H. foveatus
n.sp., H. hirtellus n.sp., H. cylindricus n.sp., Pseudolus n.gen., for Rhyncolus
longillus Boh., Dolichotelus n.gen., D. apicalis n.sp.-Scolytidae: Xyleborus
obliquus n-sp., X. truncatus n-sp., X. rugatus n.sp., X. insularis n.sp., X.
immaturus n.sp., X. frigidus n.sp., Hypothenemus griseus n.sp.-Anthribidae:
Mauia n.gen., M. satelles n.sp..-Cerambycidae: Clyltarlus blackburni n.sp., C.
filipes n.sp.
12. HAG~N., H. A., Monograph of the Embidina: Can. Ent., vol. I7,
pp. I4I-I55, i885. (USPA) (AF) (UH)
Records~ Ologotoma insularis McLachl., in alcohol, from Honolulu,
taken in a private garden greenhouse. (See p. I43.)
I22. MEYRICK., EDWARD, Descriptions of New Zealand Micro-lepidoptera
VII, Tortricina: N. Zeal. Inst. Trans., vol. I7, PP. 14-149
Chiloides stramineat Butl., originally described from Hawaii, is here
recorded also in New Zealand (P. 142).
I23. *RtUTE, 0. M., Monographia anthocoridarum orbis terrestis: Acta
Soc. Sci. Fenn., Vol 14, PP. 555-758, i885.
124. SHARP, DAVID, Note on the genus Plagithmysus Motsch.: Soc. Ent.
Belg. Bull. for i885, PP. LXXIV-LXXV (Compt. rend.), 1885.
This paper clears up the synonomy of this genus.




36


36          ~~~Bernice P. Bishop Museum-Bulletin


125.  BLACKBURN., THOMAS, and CAMERON, PtUrR., On the H~ymenoptera
of the flawaiian Islands: Manchester Lit. Soc. Meim, ser. 3,
vol. IO,.PP. 194-244, i886. (BM)
This excellent paper includes the following descriptions: Anthophila:
Andrenidae: Prosopis fuscipennis Smith, P. sate/ius n.sp., P. blackburni
Smith, P. facilis Smith, P. flavifroms Kirby, P. kona n.sp., P. coniceps n.sp.,
P. rugiventris n.sp., P. hi/aris Smith, P. volati/is Smith, P. anthracina Smith,
P. flavipes Smith.-Apidae: Megachile diligens Smith, Xylocopa aeneipennis
De Geer.-Fossores: Vespidae: Polistes aurifer Sauss, P. hebraeus Fab.,
Odynerus radula Fab., 0. extraneus Kirby, 0. nigripennis Holmgren, 0.
dromedarius n.sp., 0. vulcanus n.sp., 0. hawaiiensis n.sp., 0. haleakalae n.sp.,
0. congruus Smith, 0. dubiosus Smith 0. rubritinctus Smith, 0. blackburni
Kirby, 0. montanus Smith, 0. cardinalis n.sp., 0. pacificus n.sp., 0. rubropustulatus n.sp., 0. obscure-pwnctatus n.sp., 0. diversus n.sp., 0. agilis Smith,
0. insulicola n~sp.-Crabronidae: Crabro affinis Smith, C. mauiensis n.sp.,
C. distinctus Smith, C. mandibularis Smith, C. Polynesialis Cameron, C. abnormis, n.sp., C. unicolor Smith, C. stygius Kirby, C. adspectans n.sp., C.
rubro-caudatus n.sp.-Larridae: Pison iridipennis Smith, P. hospes Smith.Sphegidae: Pelopaeus caementarius Drury, Mimesa antennata Smith.Heterogena: Formicidae: Camponotus sexguttatus Fab., Tapinoma melanocephala Fab., Prenolepis longicornis Latr., P. obscura Mayr.-Poneridae:
Ponera contractct Latr., Leptogenys insularis Smith.-Myrmicidae: Mononmorium specularis Mayr, Tetramorium guineense Fab., Pheidole megacephala
Fab., Solenopsis geminata Fab.-Oxyura: Scleroderma polynesia/is Saunders,
Sierola testaceipes Cameron, S. monticola n.sp., S. leuconeura n.sp.-Terebrantia: Ichneumonidae: Pimplides, Echthromorpha maculipennis Holmgren,
E. flavo-orbitalis n.sp., Pimp/a hawaiiensis n.sp.-Tryphonides: Metacoelus
femoratus Grav.-Ophionides: Ophion lineatus Cameron, 0. nigricans Cameron, Limnerict polynesialis Cameron, L. blackburni Cameron, L. hawaiiensis
n.sp.-Braconidae: Chelonus blackburni Cameron, Monolexis? palliatus Cameron.-Evaniidae:, Evania sericea Cameron, E. laevigata Latr.-Chalcididae:
Epitranus lacteipennis Cameron, Chalcis polynesialis Cameron, Spalangia
hirta Haliday, Moranila testaceipes Cameron, Solindenia picticornis Cameron,
Eupelmus flavipes Cameron, Encyrtus insularis n.sp.
126. WALKE~R, J. J., Anosia plexippus Linn. (Dctnais archip pus Fabr.):
A study in geographical distribution: Ent. Month. Mag., vol:'
22, pp. 217-224, London, i886. (AF)
Walker states that Anosia plexip pus, "unobserved by the early voyagers to the Sandwich Islands, it is now abundant and firmly established
there." (p. 2i9).
127. CAMERON, PE~TER, Note on the Hymenoptera of the Hawaiian Islands:
'Ent. Month. Mag., Vol. 23, p. I95, London, i887. (AF)
The species- discussed are: Odynerus iiautarui= —0. insulicola Sm..
0Odynerus sandwichensisz= 0. rubritinctus Sm.
128. BAILEY, ED)WARD, The flora and fauna of the Hawaiian Islands:
Haw. Ann. for i888, PP. 49-54, Honolulu, 1887.
Contains a brief interesting account of the insects of the islands%
129 *BIGOT, J. M. F., Dipt're      novaxo          e    ons      e partie, XLI,
Tachinidae: Soc. Ent. France Ann., ser. 6, vol. 8, PP. 77-101,
i888.
Chaetogaedia monticola is described.




Illingworth~-Early references to Hawaiian entomology      3


3.7


130. BLACKBURN, THOMAS, Notes on the Hemiptera of the Hawaiian
Islands: Linn. Soc. N. S. W. Proc., 2d ser., vol. 3, PP. 343 -354, i888. (BM) (HSPA) (AF)
The following species are included: Scutatina: Aechalia sp., Coleotichus sp., Geotomus subtristis White, and G. jucundus White.-Lygaeina:
Nysius longicollis n.sp., N. mauiensis n.sp., N. whitei n.sp., Metrarga contracta n.sp., M. obscura n.sp., Capsina sp.-Anthrocorina: Acanthia lectulciria
L., Cardiastethis sp., Lilia sp., Dilasia sp.-Emesidae: Ploiariodes rubromaculata n.sp., P. pulchra n.sp.-Nabina: Nabis rubritinctus n.sp., N. oscillans, n.sp., N. innotatus White, N. koelensis n.sp., N. subrufus White, N.
curtipennis n.sp.-Saldina: Salda oaihuensis n.sp.
131.  MEYRICK, EDWARD, On Pyralidina of the Hawaiian Islands: Ent.
Soc. London Trans., pp. 209-246, i888. (AF) (US)
The mateiial for this extensive list of moths was collected by Blackburn during his six-years' residence in the islands, I877-i883. Some interesting notes on origin and distribution are included.  The list follows:
Pyralididae: Asopict gerontialis Walk.-Hydrocampidae: Paraponyr linaelis
Gn.-Botydidae: Margarodes exaula n.sp., Omiodes blackburni Butl., 0.
(Botys) accepta Butl., 0. (Salbia) continuatalis Wallgr., 0. (Botys) demaratalis Walk., 0. monogona n.sp., 0. liodyta n.sp., 0. (Botys) locals Butl.,
Zinckenia recurvalis F., Scopula eucrena n.sp., S. (Locastra) monticolans
Butl., S. (Aporodes) micacea ButI., S. (Mecyna) nigrescests Butl., S.
(Mecyna) ennychioides ]3utl., S. (Melanomecyna) stellata Butl., S. argoscelis n-sp., S. (Rhodaria) despecta Butl., Protocolletis nugen., P. (Scopula)
constricta Butl., Mecyna (Anemosa) aurora Butl., M. virescens Butl., Orthomecyna albicaudata Butl., 0. (Mecyna) exigua Butl., 0. aphanopis n.sp.,
Mestolobes (Metasia) abnormis Butl., M. semiochrea Butl., M. minuscula
Butl., Eurycreon litorea ]3utl.-Scopariadae: Scoparia frigida Butl., Xerocopa
venosa Butl., X. melanopis n.sp., X. ambrodes n.sp., X. demodes n.sp., X.
ischnias n.sp., X. hawaiensis Butl., X. pachysema n-sp., X. mesoleuca n.sp.,
X. (Scoparia) formosa Butl., X. (Scoparia) jacunda Butl.-Pterophoridae:
Trichoptilus (Aciptilia) hawaiensis Butl., Platyptilia rhynchophora n.sp., P.
cosmodactyla Hb., P. brachymorpha nsp., P. (Platyptilus) litoraui Butl.Crambidae: Eromene ocellea 11w., Hednota (Gesneria) floricolens (rect.
floricolans) Butl., H. (Scotomera) hydrophila Butl., H. oxyPtera n.sp.Phycitidae: Ephestia (Plodia) interpunctella Hb., E. desuetella Walk., E.
eulella Hb., Homoeosoma (Ephestia) humeralis Buti., Genophantis n.gen., G.
iodora n.sp.-Galleriadae: Achroea grisella P.
132. RILtY, C. V., A Sandwich Island sugar-cane borer, Sphenophorus
obscurus Boisd.: Insect Life, Vol. i, pp. 185-189, illus., i888.
(USPA) (UH) (BM)I
This paper gives a description of the several stages of development
with references to the literature.
133. DALLA TORRE, K. W. v., Hymenopterolgische Notizen: Wien. Ent.
Zeit., vol. 8, P. 1:24, 1889. (HSPA)
Contains the following note: "Odysserus cardinalis Blackb. ui. Cam.
1886) non Mor. (1885) =0. rudoiphi M."
134. KALAKAUA R~x, An ~act relating to the suppression of plant diseases, blight, and insect pests: Laws of the Hawaiian Islands,
chap. 2, 1 890.
Section 2 relates to the prevention of introduction of any plant disease,
blight, or insect pests injurious to vegetation, and extermination of such as




38


Bernice P. Bishop Museum-Bulletin


were already established. Section 3 deals specifically with the landing of
plants or soil by the masters of vessels entering Hawaiian ports and makes
provision for inspection.  Section 4 provides for destruction of imported
plants or other material found to be infested.  Section 5 requires every
person to immediately report infestation of vegetation wherever discovered.
Section 6 provides for the enactment of further regulations preventing the
introduction and spread of plant diseases, blight, and insect pests.
135. COQUILLETT, D. W., Icerya in Honolulu: Insect Life, vol. 3, p. 329,
I891.
Icerya is said to have made its appearance in the Hawaiian islands
during the spring of I889, but widely distributed in I89o-in about 50 gardens in Honolulu. The pest is thought to have come in on fruit from California. The predaceous' Vedalia beetle was introduced from California, and
by November, I890, Icerya was rare.
136. RILE;Y, C. V., Rept. of the Ent., Rept. U. S. Dept. Agric. to Sec.
Agric., p. 234, 1891.
Mr. Koebele left specimens of Chilocorus bivulnerus at Honolulu, while
on his way from California to Sydney.
137. RILEY, C. V., and HOWARD, L. O., Introduction of Icerya into Honolulu: Insect Life, vol. 3, p. 307, I89I. (HSPA)
Refers to the introduction of Icerya from California and its successful
control by introducing the Vedalia.
138.  McLACHLAN, ROBERT, Supplementary note on the Neuroptera of the
Hawaiian Islands: Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th ser., vol.
Io, pp. 176-178, I892. (HSPA)
McLachlan suggests that Deielia fasciata Kirby is probably a mistaken
locality-since this' dragon fly does not occur in Hawaii (p. I77). A new
Myrmeleonidae, Formicaleo wilsoni n.sp., from Lanai, is described.
I39.  KALAKAUA REx, An act to establish a bureau of agriculture and
forestry: Laws of the Hawaiian Islands, Chapter 8I, Sec. 4,
I892.
The act provides for guarding against the introduction of plant diseases or insect pests and the suppression of those already affecting agricultural products and live stock.
I40. WARREN, W., Description of new genera and species of Pyralidae:
Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist. Ann., ser. 6, vol. 9, pp. 429-442,
1892.
A new genus, Loxocreon, is created for Meyrick's Omiodes of the
Hawaiian islands. Type L. continuatalis Wllngrn. (Salbia).
I40a. KOEBEL:, ALBERT, Studies of parasitic and predaceous insects in
New Zealand, Australia, and adjacent islands: U. S. Dept.
Agric., [Report No. 51] Washington, 1893. (BM)
Work in Honolulu is referred to on page S and again on page    I,
where the following pests are   discussed: Dactylopius spp., Pulvinaria
psidii Mask., Lecanium  acuminatum  Sign., L. depressum  Sign., and L.
longulum Dougl. The introduction of Cryptolaemus montrouxieri Muls. and
Rhizobius spp. is recommended. Koebele further states that a number of
Chilocorus bivulenerus Muls. were turned loose in good condition. He also
found internal parasites preying upon the various species' of Lecanidae in




Illingworth-Early references to Hawaiian entomology


39


Honolulu, and one of these he took to California in considerable numbers,
liberating them in an orange orchard infested with Lecanium oleae Burm.
and L. hesperidum Linn. A few species of Scymnids and Coccinella abdominalis Say. were also found. These insects are discussed also on page 23,
where it is stated that the Coccinella abdominales was sent to California and
liberated on Lecanium hesperidum Linn.; and that three small Scymnids were
found among the insects sent from Honolulu.
I4I. MASKELL, W. M., Further coccid notes: with descriptions of new
species from   Australia, India, Sandwich    Islands, Demerara,
and South Pacific: N. Zeal. Inst. Trans., vol. 25, pp. 201-252,
pls. II-I8, 1893.
The following Hawaiian species are described: Lecanium  acuminatum
Sign., L. longulum Dougl., Pulvinaria psidii n.sp., Sphaerococcus bambusae
n.sp.
142.  RILEY, C. V., and HOWARD, L. O., An injurious Hawaiian beetle
(Adoretus umbrosus): Insect Life, vol. 6, p. 43, I893. (HSPA)
(UH)
This species was first noticed in Hawaii about 1891 and in 1893 it
had already become a serious pest, riddling the leaves of many trees and
plants.
I43. THRUM, THOMAS, Bureau of Agriculture and Forestry: Haw. Ann.
for 1894, pp. 92-94, Honolulu, I893. (BM) (PL) (UH)
Refers to the engagement of Prof. A. Koebele to study the blight
and insect enemies of vegetation and to discover remedies for them. Mentions consignments of coccinellids and toads from California.
I44. DYAR, H. G., Preparatory stages of Lephygama flavimaculalta Harv.,
and other notes: Can. Ent., vol. 26, pp. 65-69, I894. (HSPA)'
(AF) (UH)
Includes description of all stages.
I45.  COOPER, ELWOOD, Address of the president: Calif. Sta. Bd. Hort,
4th Bien. Rept. 1893-4, pp. 240-250, Sacramento, I894. (HSPA)
(AF)
Refers to the engagement of Koebele by the Hawaiian Government to
search for parasites in Australia (p. 246).
I46. CRAW, ALEXANDER, Entomology and quarantine:             Calif. Sta. Bd.
Hort., 4th Bien. Rept. I893-4, pp. 79-I09, Sacramento, I894,
(US) (HSPA) (AF)
Records oleanders from  Honolulu infested with s'cale, Aspidiotus sp.
(pp. 79-80).
I47. THRUM, THOMAS, Coffee outlook in Hawaii: Haw. Ann. for I895,
pp. 65-68, Honolulu, 1894, (BM)
A brief discussion of coffee blight and its control by introduced insects.
I48. BRUNNER, V. WATTENWYL, On the Orthoptera of the Sandwich
Islands: Zool. Soc. London Proc., pp. 891-897, I895. (BM)
(AF) (US)




40                  Bernice P. Bishop Museum-Bulletin
The following species are included: Dermaptera: Anisolctbis littorea
White, A. mctritima Bon., A. pacilicct Erichs., A. annulipes Luc., Labia
pygidiata Dubr., Chelisoches morio Fab., Forficula hawaiensis Borm.Blattodea: Phyllodromia heiroglyphica Brun., P. obtusata, n.sp., Stylopyga
decorata Brun., Methana ligata Brun., Periplaneta americana L., Eleutheroda
dytiscoides Serv., Leucophaea surinamensis Fab., Oniscosoma pallida Brun.,
Euthyrrapha pacifica Conqueb.-Acridiodea: Oxya velox Fab.-Locustodea:
Elimaea appendiculata Brun., Brachymetopa discolor Redtenb., B. blackburni
Borm., B. dePlanata n-sp., B. nitida n.sp., Xiphidium fuscum Fab.-Gryllodea:
Gryllus innotabilis Walk., G. poeyi Sauss., Paratrigonidium pacificumt
(Scudd.), P. atroferrugineum n.sp., Prognathogryllus n.gen. ex tribu Prodoscirtium, P. alatus n.sp., P. forficularis n.sp.; the last two figured.
I49. COC1KERELL, T. D. A., Notes on the geographical distribution of
scale insects: U. S. Nat. Mats. Proc., vol. 17, pp. 6I5-625,
1895. (BM) (UH)
The following are included from Hawaii (p. 62I): Dactylopius citri,
Lecanium hesperidum, L. depressum, L2. oleae, L2. acuminatum, Asterole-,
canium pustulans, Pulvinaria psidii, and Sphaerococcus bambusae. Only the
last two were originally described from 'Hawaiian specimens.
150.  COCKERVLL, T. D. A., Miscellaneous notes on Coccidae: Can. Ent.,
Vol. 27, pp. 253-261, i895. (USPA) (US)
Mentions Asterolecanium pustulans (Ckll.) on oleander from Honolulu (p. 259).
151. DYAR, H. G., Preparatory stages of Phiegethontius cingulctta
(Sphin x convolzvuli): Ent. News, vol. 6, p. 95, i895. (AF)
(UH) (HSPA)
Includes descriptions of all stages.
152. KolEBtLE, ALBvRTr, Report of the entomologist: Republic of Hawaii,
Min. of Tuterior, Rept. for 1894, PP. 98-104, Honolulu, 1894.
(US)
The report discusses injurious insects in Hawaii. Koebele says that
thoughi these are numerous they may be controlled by introducing natural
enemies. He mentions some of the principal scale pests and reviews the
numerous species of ladybird beetles sent from California to prey upon them.
153.  MARSDEN, JOSEPH, Blights and insect pests: Republic of Hawaii,
Mmn. Int. Rept. for the nine months ending Dec. 31, 1894, PP.
31-38, Honolulu, 1895.
This paper lists about three dozen species of Coccinellidae which were
successfully sent from Australia and liberated in Hawaii to prey upon plant
lice, scale insects, and red spiders. Control measures are discussed for the
Japanese beetle (Adoretus) with suggestions for the introduction of moles,
bats, and toads. Notes a suggestion from University of California that the
caneborer (Rhabdocnemis obscurus Boisd.) is a native of New Ireland, and
that this island is the place to search for parasites. Discusses the damage
done by this pest in Fiji.
154. MARSDEN, JosvEin, Blights and insect pests: Report to commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry: Rept. Min. Int. Repub.
Haw., for 1895, PP. i18-120, 1896.
Records a marked decrease in scale pests, due to the introduction of
natural enemies. This is particularly true in regard to the coffee scale, which




Illingworth-Early references to Hawuaiian entomology       4


41


is said to be a thing of the past. The Japanese beetle is reported troublesome, also the red spider (Tetranychus telarius) on coffee, and cutworms, on
the canaigre plant.
I55.  MASKELL, W. M., Synoptical list of Coccidae reported from       Australasia and the Pacific Islands up to December, 1894: N. Zeal.
Inst. Trans., vol.:27, PP. I-35, I895. (BM)
The following are mentioned from Hawaii: Aspidiotus aurantii Mask.,
A. longispina Morg., A. nerii Bouche', Diaspis boisduvalii Sign., D. rosae
Sandb., Mytilaspis flava Targioni-Tozzetti, var. hawaiiensis Mask., M. pallida
Green, var. (?) Mask., M. pomorum Bouche', Chionaspis (!') biclavis Comst.,
var. detecta Mask., C. prunicola Mask., Lecanium acuminatum Sign., L. longulum Dougl., L. nigrum Niet., var. depressum Targioni-Tozzetti, L. oleae Bern.,
Pulvinaria mammeae Mask., P. psidii Mask., Dactylopius vastator Mask.,
Sphaerococcus bambusae Mask., Icerya purchasi Mask.
I 56.  MASKELL, W. M., Further coccid notes with description of new
species from New Zealand, Australia, Sandwich Islands, and
elsewhere, and remarks upon species already reported: N.
Zeal. Inst. Trans., vol. 27, PP. 36-75, PIS. I-7, 1895. (BM)
The following species concern Hawaii: Aspidiotus longispina Morg.,
Diaspis boisduvalii Sign., Mytilaspis pallida Green, M. flava Targioni-Tozzetti,
Chionaspis prunicola n. sp., C. biclavis Comst., var. detecta n. var., Pulvinaria
mammeae n. sp., Dactylopius vastator n. sp.
157. SHARP, DAVID, Cambridge Natural History, VOL. 5, Insects, part I,
PP. 83-584, and vol. 6, Insects part 2, pp. i-625, London, 1895.
(BM) (UH)
In part i, reference is made to Oligotoma insularis (P. 354) and to the
numerous chrysopides in Hawaii (P. 471). The pecularities of Hawaiian
Odonata are discussed (PP.425-426). In part 2, the Hawaiian bees (Prosopis,
pp. 21-22) and the peculiarities of Hawaiian wasps (Odynerus, pp. 76-77) are
discussed.
i 58. TRYoN1, HtNRY, New cane varieties and new diseases: The Plantters' Monthly, vol. 14, PP. 449-459, Honolulu, I895.
Discusses the distribution of the beetle-borer (Rhabdocnemis obscurus
Boisd.). This New Guinea borer is said to occur also in New Ireland, Tahiti, Fiji, and Hawaii.
159. ALIVKtN, J. D., Zur Insectenfauna der Hawaiischen und Neuseelandischen Inseln. Ergebuisse einer Reise nach dem Pacific
(Schaninsland i896-7): Zool. Jahrb., 19 Band, Heft 5 (1903).
(BM) (HSPA)
Includes notes on the various insects collected on the Hawaiian islands,
including Laysan.
i6o. ALrKEN, J. D., Neue Orthopteren von Neuseeland und der Hawaiischen Inseln, nebst kritischen Bemerkungen zu cinigen bekannten Arten. Ergebnisse einer Reise nach dem. Pacific
(Schauinsland i896-7): Abh. nat. Ver. B3remen, vol. 17, PP.
141-I52 (1901). (BM)
Paranemobiuis n.gen. and P. schauinslandi n.sp. are described (p. 145).




42


42          ~~~Bernice P. Bishop Museum-Bulletin


i6i. COCKERE~LL, T. D. A., A check-list of the Coccidae: Ill. Sta. Lab.
Nat. Hist. Bull. 4, pp. 3i8-339, 1896. (USPA)
Lists the following from Sandwich Islands: Dactylopius vastator Mask.
(P. 326), Sphaerococcus bambusae Mask. (P. 329), Pulvinaria mammeae Mask.
(P. 330), Mytilaspis flava, var. hazwaiiensis Mask. (P.336).
i62.  CRAW, ALEXANDER, A list of scale insects found upon plants enter-'
ing the port of San Francisco: U. S. Dept. Agric. Div. Ent.
Bull. 4, Tech. ser., PP. 40-41, 1896. (AF) (UH)
The following are listed from Honolululu: Aspidiotus nerii Bouche', on
palms; Asterolecanium pstlans Ckll., on oleander; Ceroplastes rubens Mask.,
on Asplenium fern; Diaspis patellaeformis Sasak., on shrub; Dactylopius albizziae Mask., on orange; Icerya purchasi Mask., on rose; Lecanium hesperidum, Linn.' on orange; Lecanium longulum, Dougl., on Carica papaya; Lecanium perforatum Newst., on palms; Lecanium tessellatum Sign., on ferns;
Lecanium oleae Bern., on deciduous magnolia; Pulvinaria psidii Mask., on
ferns, orange, coffee, pomegranate and avocado.
i63. CRAW, ALEXANDER., Injurious insect-pests found on trees and plants
from foreign countries: Calif. Sta. Bd. Hort., 5th B~ien. Rept.
for i895-6, PP. 33-55, pis. 6-8, Sacramento, 1896. (US)
The following references to Hawaii: Chionaspis delecta, Mask. (P. 37),
Diaspis patelliformis? Sasak. (P. 39), Planchonia (Asterolecanium) pustulans
Cock. (p. 43),., Ceroplastes rubens Mask. (P. 44), Lecanium nigrum Niet., L,.
per foratum News, and L. tesselatum Sign. (p. 46), Pulvinaria psidii Mask.,
and Adoretus umbrosus Z. (P. 47).
i64. CRAW, ALEXANDER, E~ntomology and quarantine: Calif. State Bd.
fort., 5th Bien. Rept. for i895-6, pp. 127-I35, Sacramento,
1896.   (U,,S)
Includes the following references to Hawaii: Lecanium longulum Doug.,
taken on papaws (Carica papaya), and Ceroplastes rubens Mask. on ferns
(PP. 127-8), and the mongoose (P. 135).
165. HoWARD, L. 0., and MARLATT, C. L., The San Jose scale: U. S.'
Dept. Agric., Div. Ent. Bull. 3, n. ser., pp. i-80, i896. (HSPA)
Mr. Koebele found this scale on the island of Kauai upon prune and
peach trees imported from California, some trees having been utterly destroyed by the scale and others badly infested.
i66.  KORBELE~, AL.BERT, Report on insect pests:    Haw. Planters' Monthly,
vol. 15, PP. 590-598, Honolulu, 1896. (HSPA) (US)
The following pests are discussed and suggestions given for their con —
trol: the cane borer, Sphenophorus obscurus Boisd.; the coffee borer, A egosomsa reflexum Karsch.; the coconut pyralid, Botys sp.; the cut-worm, Laphygma frugiperda Hub.; the mole cricket, Gryllotalpa sp., the sugarcane
mealy bug, Dactylopius calceolaria Mask.; and plant lice, Aphis sp.
167. MARLATT, C. L., Insect control in California: U. S. Dept. Agric.
Yearbk., PP. 217-236, 1896. (BM)
Includes a reference to the introduction of Cryptolaemus montrozir
Muls., which had been very successful in Hawaii in ridding coffee plantations
of Pulvinaria psidii (P. 226).




Illingworth~-Early references to Hawaiian entomology       4


43


i68. PERKINS., R. C. L., A collecting trip on Haleakala, Maui, Sandwich
Islands: Ent. Month. Mag.,:24 ser., vol. 7, PP. 190-195, i896.
(BM) (AF)
169. SHARP, DAVID, On Plagithmysus, a Hawaiian genus of longicorn
Coleoptera: Ent. Month. Mag., vol. 3:2, PP. 237-240, 241-245,
27I1-274, London, i896.
The following species are described: Plagithmysus vitticollis n. sp., P.
newelli n. sp., P. concolor n. sp., P. solitarius n. sp., P. cuneatus n. sp., P.
(Clytarlus) finschi Har., P. pulverulentus Motsch., P. bishopi n. sp., P. vicinus n. sp., P. bilineatus n. sp., P. lanaiensis n. sp., P. perkinsi n. sp., P. varians n.sp., P. darwinianus n.sp., P. (Clytarlus) blackburni Sharp, P. sulphurescenes n. sp., P. speculifer n. sp., P. aestivuts n. sp., P. funebris n. sp.,
P. aequalis n. sp., P. arachnipes n. sp., P. (Clytarlus) cristalus Sharp.
170. TOWNSE~ND, C. H. T., Some Mexican and Japanese injurious insects
liable to be introduced into the United States: U. S. Dept.
Agric. Div. Ent. Bull. 4, Tech. ser., pp. 9-25, 1896.
Includes several brief references to species occurring in the Sandwich
Islands.
17I. COCKERELL, T. D. A., San Jose scale and its nearest allies: U. S.
Dept. Agric., Bur. Ent. Bull. 6, Tech. ser., i897. (UH).
Morganella n. subg. is proposed for maskelli n. sp. (P. 22).
172. COCKE~RELL, T. D. A., Food plants of scale insects: U. S. Nat.
Mus. Proc., vol. 19, PP. 725-785, 1897. (BM)
Most of the Hawaiian species are included in this extensive list.
I73. COQUILLVT'P, D. W., Revision of the Tachinidae of America north
of Mexico: U. S. Dept. Agric., Bur. Ent. Bull. 7, Tech. ser.,
1897. (UH)
Chaetogaedia monticola Bigot is recorded from Hawaii, pp. ii and 137.
173a. Guppy, H. B., O n the summit of Mauna boa:            Nature, VOL. 57,
P. 21, London, NOV. 4, 1897.
174. HAMPSON, G. V., On the classification of two subfamilies of moths of
the family Pyralidae: the Hydrocampinae and Scoparianae:
Ent. Soc. London, Trans., pp. I27-240, 1897. (HSPA)
The following references are given to Hawaiian species: on p. 227 -Xeroscopa melanopis Meyr., X. ombrodes Meyr., X. ichnias Meyr., X. demodes
Me'yr., X. pachysema Meyr., X. mesoleuca, Meyr., X. venosa Butl., X. hawaiensis Butl., X. jucunda Butl.; on p. 229-Mestolobes abnormis Butl., M. minuscula Butl., M. semiochrea Butl.; on p. 233-Scoparia frigida Butl., and S.
montana Butl.
I75. KoE~BtLE, ALBERT, Report of the entomologist of the Hawaiian Government: Haw. Planters' Month., vol. 16, pp. 65-85, Honolulu,
I897. (BM) (US) (USPA)
This valuable paper deals with the work of Koebele from the time of
appointment to December 31, 1896. Report is made upon the success of the
introduced Australian ladybird beetle, Crytolaemus montrouzieri Muls., in
controlling the following scale insects: Dactylopius vastator Mask., D. ceri



44


Bernice P. Bishop Museum-Bulletin


ferus News., D. chalceolariae Mask., D. adonidum Linn., and Pulvinaria psidii
Mask. Other scale insects mentioned are: Aspidiotus aurantii Mask., A.
longispina Morg., A. duplex Cock., A. camelliae Sign., A. nerii Bouche, and
several species of this genus; Parlatoria zizyphi News., P. pergandei Comst.,
Mytilaspis citricola Pack., M. gloverii Pack., M. pallida Green, M. flava Targ.Toz., M. pomorum Bouche, Diaspis rosae Sandb., D. boisduvalii Sign., Chionaspis biclavis Comst., C. eugeniae Mask., C. prunicola Mask., Diaspis patellhformis Sasaki, D. amygdali Tryon, Fiorinia camelliae  Comst., Ceroplastes
rubens Mask., C. ceriferus Ander., C. floridensis Comst., Lecanium  acuminatum Sign., L. filicum Boisd., L. hemisphaericum Targ.-Toz., L. coffea Niet.,
L. hesperidum Linn., L. longulum Doug., L. mori Sign., L. nigrum Niet., L.
oleae Bern., L. tessellatum Sign., Pulvinaria mameae Mask, Eryococcus araucariae Mask., and Icerya purchasi Mask., also other undetermined coccids
present in the islands. About 200 species of ladybirds had been introduced
to prey upon the s'cale insects, also two species of fungi destructive to all the
Lecanidae. Remarking upon the introduced Coccinellidae, Koebele says that
only 3 species were present in Blackburn's time: Coccinella abdominalis Say,
Scymnus ocellatus Sharp, and S. vividus Sharp, and that these were' evidently
introduced very early. Extensive notes are given upon the habits of the
various other exotic species introduced by the author. Of the other introduced predators and parasites Koebele mentions syrphids and chrysopid
flies as established, and says Chalcis obscurata Walk. is active against various
pyralid and tortricid larvae. Mention is also made of the introduction of
bats from California-6oo of which reached Hawaii alive but were apparently
not established. Toads from California and frogs from Japan reproduced
freely. Among cutworms the A grotis ypsilon Rott., A. saucia Hbn., Lecania
unipuncta Haw., Plusia verticillata Guen., Laphygnma frugiperda Hbn., are
mentioned; these have few parasites. Coffee trees are reported badly infested
by a white fly, Aleurodes sp.; natural enemies of these were introduced. Adoretus umbrosus F., probably introduced from Japan in soil, was reported from
Oahu, Maui, and Kauai. These insects will be controlled by the fungus in
the wet districts. Notes are given on life history, food plants, and natural
enemies, with full discussion of the experiments with fungus. The small
green tineid larvae destructive to the leaves of s'weet potatoes (native "ponallo") and the somewhat allied Plutella cruciferarum  Z. are mentioned
briefly.
176. MASKELL, W. M., Further coccid notes with new            species and discussion of points of interest: N. Zeal. Inst. Trans., vol. 29,
pp. 293-331, pis. 18-22, I897. (BM)
The species described which concern Hawaii are: Chionaspis eugeniae
Mask and Ceroplastes rubens Mask.
177.  MASKELL, W. M., On a collection of Coccidae, principally from
China and Japan: Ent. Month. Mag., vol. 33, pp. 239-244,
London, I897. (AF) (HSPA)
The following species are recorded from Hawaii: Aspidiotus cydoniae
Comst., on castarina; same, var. tecta, n. var., on ohia trees; Aspidiotus
longispina Morg., on kukui trees; Lecanium hesperidum Linn., on papaya and
on ohia trees.
178.  PERKINS, R. C. L., The introduction of beneficial insects in the Hawaiian Islands: Nature, vol. 55, pp. 499-500, 1897. (BM)
This article deals principally with scale insects and the reasons for the
success of their introduced natural enemies. Perkins says: "Few countries
have been more plagued by the importation of insect pests than the Hawai



Jllingwlorth-Early references to Hawaiian entomology      4


45


ian Islands; in none have such extraordinary results followed the introduction
of beneficial species to destroy them." 
179. PitRKINs, R. C. L., Notes on Oligotoma. insularis McLach. (Embiidae) and its immature conditions: Ent. Month. Mag., 2d ser.,
vol. 8, pp. 56-58, London, i897. (BM) (AF)
Discusses development and habits.
i8o. *PE~RKINs, JR. C. L., Notes on some Hawaiian insects: Phil. Soc.
Cambridge Proc., vol. 9, pp. 373-380, I897.
18i. SHARP, DAVID, On Plagithmysus, a Hawaiian genus of longicorn
Coleoptera: Ent. Month. Mag., vol. 33, suPPI. P. 12, London,
1897. (AF) (HSPA)
Description given of Plagithmysus albertisi n. sp., collected in West Honolulu by Signor d'Albertis in i874.
i82. WALSINGHAM, LORD, Western equitorial African Microlepidoptera:
Ent. Soc. London Trans., PP. 33-67, pis. 2, 3, 1897.
Describes Monopis Hb. (Blabophanes Z.) longella Wlk. recorded from
the Hawaiian islands (Honolulu).
i83. AL1VK]N, J. D., Megachile schauinslandi n.sp. Eine nen Megachileart aus Honolulu: Ent. Nachr., VOL. 24, PP. 340-341, 1898.
(HSPA)
184. CLARK., B. 0., Official bulletin of the Bureau of Agriculture: The
Hawaiian, vol. i, p. 6, Honolulu, Aug. 13, 1898.
The Hawaiian was a weekly newspaper which started February I2, 1898,
its object being to advertise the islands. Mr. Clark, then secretary and commissioner of the Hawaiian Bureau of Agriculture, edited a page dealing with
agricultural subjects. The only complete file, so far as known is owned by
Mrs. -B. J. Mesick, 2029 Beckley Street, Honolulu, widow of the editor, L. H.
Mesick. This~, the first reference dealing with the melon fly (Dacus cucurbitae Coq.) in Hawaii or elsewhere, consists of correspondence., A letter
dated August 8, i898, from L. C. Swain, Laupahoehoe, Hawaii, described this
new pest, which he had observed affecting pumpkins, squashes, beans, tomatoes, and watermelons. Mr. Clark, in his~ reply gave the life history of
the flies, which he bad observed carefully the previous year near Honolulu;
he also suggested measures of control.
A complete copy of this correspondence appears in Haw. Agric. Exp.
Sta. Rept. for 1907, PP. 30-3I, also in U. S. Dept. Agric. Bull. 491, PP. 57-58,
1917.
185.  COCKt~RELL, T. D. A., The Coccidae of the Sandwich Islands: Ent.,
vol. 31, pp.:239-240, London, 1898.
The species described are: Icerya purchasi Mask., Sphaerococcus barnbusae Mask., Asterolecanium pustulans Ckl., Dactylopius citri Risso., D. albizziae Mask., D. vastator Mask., D. virgatus Mask. (syn. cerifrs Newst.),
Ceroplastes rubens Mask., Lecanium nigrum Nietn., L. nigrum, var. depressum Targ., L. hesperidum L., L. oleae Bern., L. acuminatum Sign., L. longulum Dougl., Pulvinaria mammeae Mask., P. psidii Mask., Aspidiotus aurantii
Mask., A. longispina Morg., A. hederae Vail., var. nerii Bouche', A. cydoniae
Comst., A. maskelli CUl., A. persearum n. sp. A. perniciosus Comst., Mytilaspis
gloverii Pack., M. hawaiiensis Mask., (as var. of flava), M. pomorum
Bouch6, M. pallida Green, var. maskelli Ckl., Howardia biclavis Comst., var.




46


46          ~~~Bernice P. Bishop Museum-Bulletin


deteta Mask., Chionaspis prunicola Mask. (syn. of DiasPis aniygdali Tryon),
C. eugeniae Mask., Fiorinia floriniae Targ., Aulascaspis boisduvalii Sign., A.
rosae Bouchd'.
i86. HAMPSON, G. F., A revision of the moths -of the superfamily Pyraustinae and family Pyralidae: Zool. Soc. London Proc., PP. 590 -76 i, 1898.
The following Hawaiian species are included: Nacoleia blackburni Butl.,
N. accepta Butl., N. continentalis Wllgrn., N. demaratalis Wlk., and N. beaus
Butl. (p. 699).
'187 HoWARD, L. 0., On some new parasitic insects of the subfamily
Encyrtiuae: U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 21, pp.:23I1-248, 1898.
(BM)
Blepyrus marsdeni n. sp. is described from Honolulu (P. 234).
i88. KIRBY, W. F., Description of a new genus of Odonata: Annals and
Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th ser., Vol. 2, Ppp. 346-348, 1898. (HSPA)
Describes, Nesogonia n.gen., N. blackburni McL. Also published in Haw.
Planters' Mo. voi. 17. pp. 2o8-2i9 and 258-.269, Honolulu, i89. (BM) (US)
(USPA).
189. KoEBELE~, ALBE~RT, Report of Prof. Albert Koebele, Entomologist of
the Hawaiian Government: Rept. Min. Jut. Repub. Haw. for
1897, PP. I05-137, Honolulu, 1898. (BM) (US) (HSPA)
Most of this report is a repetition of the valuable report presented by
this author the previous year (see No. I75). New matter, starting on page
130, deals~ with natural enemies of pests observed in California, Arizona, and
Mexico.
190. MASKELL, W. M., Further coccid notes with descriptions of new
species and discussion of points of interest: N. Zeal. Just.
Trans., Vol. 30, pp. 219-252, 1898. (BM)
Includes a discussion of Aspidiotus cydomae Comstock, var, tecta n. var.,
from Hawaii (p. 224).
191. MAXWELL, WALTE~R, The Hawaiian Jslands: U. S. Dept. Agric.
Yearbook for 1898, PP. 563-58:2, 1899.
Includes a brief note on quarantine against insect pests and plant diseases and a letter from Mr. Koebele (P. 574).
192. ALVKEN, J. D., Die Xylocopa-art der Hawaiian Jslands: Eut. Nachr.,
vol. 25, PP. 3I7-3i8, i899. (HSPA)
The introduced bee, commonly known in Hawaii as Xylocopa aeneipennis Deg., is here considered to he the Asiatic species, X. chboopea Lep.
193. BRiGHAM, W. T., Hawaiian feather work: B. P. Bishop Mus. Mem.,
vol. 1, No. i, Honolulu, 1899.
Contains interesting references to the development of kahilis and their
relation to house flies.
194. COcKERELL, T. D. A., The Coccidae of the Sandwich Jslands: Ent.,
Vol. 32, PP. 93, 164, I899j- (AF)
Discus~sed the distribution of what were considered endemic Hawaiian
species, namely: Kermicus (formerly Sphaerococcus) babsae, which also




Illingworth-Early references to Hawaiian entomology         4


47


occurs in Ceylon, Mauritius, and Brazil; Dactylopius vastator, also found in
Mauritius; and Mytilaspis hawaiieusis, which has been found at Amoy,
China. The following are to be added to the Hawaiian list: Aspidiotus
(Evaspidiotus) transparens Green, A. (Hemiberlesia) greeni Ckll., and a
young Icerya, indeterminable.  Cockerell adds the following species from
Koebele's report to his list of Hawaiian coccids: Dactylopius calceolariae
Mask., D. adonidum Linn. (but probably citri), Eriococcus araucariae Mask.,
Ceroplastes cerife'rus Anders., C. floridensis Comst. (these two often introduced but not established), Lecanium hemisphaericum Targ., L. mori Sign.,
L. tessellatum Sign., Parlatoria zizyphis Luc., P. proteus, var. pergandei
Comst., Mytilaspis beckii E. Newman (M. citricola Pack.), Aspidiolus rapax
Comst., A. duPlex CkU. (p. 164). There are also mentioned two unidentified species of Pulvinaria.
195. *COCKERELL, T. D. A., A check-list of the Coccidae. First supplement: Ill. Sta. Lab. Nat. Hist. Bull. 5, PP. 389-398, 1899.
i96. COQUILLIVPV, D. W., A new trypetid from Hawaii: Ent. News, vol.
Io, PP. 129-130, 1899.
Describes Dacus cucurbitae n.sp.: two males and two females bred by
George Compere from larvae in green cucumbers.
197. EM1VRY, CARLOS, Ergebnisse einer Reise nach dem Pacific (Schauinsland i896-97), Formiciden: Zool. Jahrb., vol. 12, Syst., pp.
438-44(Y, 1899. (USPA)
Describes four species of ants collected from Laysan: Monomorium
gracillimum F.Sm., Tetramorium guineense Fabr., Tapinoma~ melano-cephalum
Fabr., Ponera punctatissima Rog., schauninslandi n.subsp.
198. FOREL, AuGusT, Heterogyna (Formicidae): Fauna Haw., vol. I,
pp. i1i6-122, 1899.
i199. HAUGHs, DAVID, Insect pests and diseases: Report Commissioner of
Agriculture: Rept. Min. Int. Repub. Haw. for hien, period
ending 1899, pp. I20-123, Honolulu, 1900. (US) (AF)
Consists of a report by Professor Koebele of a trip to Australia in
search of parasites, primarily for the cane-borer. The Mediterranean fruit
fly is noted as a bad pest in Australia, a condition which led to a quarantine
of Australian fruit. Other exotic fruit flies are also discussed.
200. *HOWARD, L. 0., Economic status of insects as a class: Sci., u.s.,
vol. 9, p. 24I, 1899.
201. KIRKALDY, 0. W., Eine neue hawaiische Fulgoriden-G-attung und
Art: Ent. Nachr., VOL. 2-5, P. 359, 1899. (HSPA)
Phalainesthes n.gen., P. schauinslandiE n.sp., are described from Hilo.
202. KotBELE, ALBERT, Report of the entomologist: Republic of Hawaii,
Min. of Jut., Rept. for 1898, PP. 84-87, Honolulu, i899. (US)
(AF)
Records the introduction of the hornfly, Haematobia irritans Linn.
203. *KoNINGSBERGE~R, J. C., Erste overzicht der schadelijke en nuttige
Icesten van Java: Mededeelingen uit 's lands plantentuin, vol.
22, Pp. 1-53, 1899.




48


48          ~~~Bernice P. Bishop Museum-Bulletin


204. MEYRICK, E~DWARD, Macrolepidoptera: Fauna Hawaiiensis, vol. i,
pp. I23-275, Pis. 3-7, 1899.
This is the most extensive work on this group; it includes descriptions
of many new species.
205. PERKINS, R. C. L., Hymenoptera aculeata: Fauna Hawailensis, Vol.
1, Pp. I-122, pis. I, 2, I899.
This is the most extensive work on this group; it contains descriptions
of many new species.
206.   PERKINS, R. C. L., Orthoptera: Fauna Hawaliensis, Vol. 2, p        -0
pis. I, 2, 1 899.
This is the most extensive work on Orthoptera; it contains descriptions of many new species.
207. PERKINS, R. C. L., Neuroptera: Fauna Hawaiiensis, vol. 2, PP. 31 -89, Pls. 3-5, 1899.
This is the most extensive work on Neuroptera; it contains descriptions of many new species.
208. SCHAUINSLAND, H., Drei Monate auf einer Korallen-Insel (Laysan),
Bremen, i899. (USPA)
The insects listed are Lepidoptera: Noctuidae:  Apamea chersotoides
Buti., Spaelotis crinigera Butl.-Pyralidae: Zinckenia recurvalis F., also an
undetermined tineid.-Hemiptera: Nabis sp.-Hymenopter~a: Chelonus cameroni D.T. (=carinatus Cam.).-Coleoptera: Dermestes domesticus Garm.,
Clytus crinicornis Chevr., Silvanus surinamensis Linn., Tribolium ferrugineutm
Fab., also an abundance of roaches, Periplaneta  (Pp. 102-103). The flies
and ants are not included in this paper.
209. ASH MEAD, W. H., Notes on some New Zealand and Australian parasitic Hymenoptera: Linn, Soc. N.S.W. Proc., Vol. 25, PP. 327 -360, 1900.
Describes the Pteromalid, Tomocera californica, parasite for Lecanium
oleae, P. 345.
210.   DYAR, H. 0., Larvae from Hawaii-a correction: Can. Ent., Vol. 32,
PP. I56-158. (HSPA) (All) (UH)
Spodoptera mauritia Boisd. is' described as Laphygma flavimaculata
Harv. in Can. Ent., vol. 26, p. 65, 1894. Other caterpillars described are:
Lycaena boetica Linn., Plusia chalcites Esp., and Omiodes blackburni Butl.
It is also noted that Sphinx convolvuli is the insect described as Phiegethontius cingulata in Ent. News, vol. 6, P. 95.
2i i. *FRANK., A. B., and KRUEGER, F., Schildlausbuch... Berlin, p.
120, 1900.
Records Aspidiotus pernicosus from Hawaii, p. 70.
212. HoWARD, L. 0., A dipterous enemy of cucurbits in the Hawaiain
Islands: U. S. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent. Bull. 22, n.ser., PP. 93 -94, 1900.
Specimens were received March I3, i899, from George Compere, Honolulu, of what is locally known as: the melon fly. This was pronounced by
Coquillett to be a new species, to which he gave the name, Dacus cucurbitae.




Illingwortlh-Early refecrences to Hawaiian entomology   4


49


213. KoEBELE,, ALBERT, Report: Haw. Sugar Planters' Exp. Sta. Rept.,
pp. 40-42, 1900. (US)
Records an examination of the dyn    roots of sugarcane: no organic
disease could he found, though the epidermis of roots had been broken,
probably by wind.:214.  KoE~BELE,, ALBE~RT, Diseases of the cane: The Planters' Monthly,
Vol. I9, PP. 5I9-524, 1900.
Discusses the distribution, food plants, habits, and control measires of
the sugar cane beetle borer, Rhabdocnemis obscurus; also includes brief
notes on the pyralid moth Orniodes accepta Butl.
2I5.   KoEBE.LE, ALBE~RT, Report of Prof. Albert Koebele, entomologist:
Rept. Comr. Agric. and Forestry for 1900, PP. 36-49, 1901.
(US)
Koebele reports the introduction of parasites from California for Pieris
rapae, Plutella cruciferarurn, and various cutworms. Salamanders were also
brought over. Notes Lecanidae kept in check now      by many ladybirds;
other predators and parasites sent from Fiji and Australia. A brief review
of exotic fruit flies is included, with remedies. Fuller's rose beetle, Aramigus fulleri Horn, is found to be the same as the so-called Olinda bug. A
tineid larva of cotton bolls (Geleclkia gossypiella Sndrs.) is reported; a
tortricid, also bred from cotton bolls, and a common beetle, Araeocerus
fasciculatus De.G. Japanese beetles are reported from all parts of the islands.
Suggestions on various phases of the production of silk as an industry for
the islands terminates this paper.:2i6.  KoE~BELE, ALBERT, Destruction of forest trees: Rept. Comr. Agric.
and Forestry Hawaii, for 1900, PP. 50-60, 1901. (US)
Discusses the depredation of insects, on forest trees of Hawaii. Icerya
purchasi Mask, is under control, the ladybird beetle, Vedalia cardinalis, being abundant.,Other scale insects mentioned are Lecanium nigrum Neit.,
L. longulum Doug., and Pulvinaria psildil Mask. which are also well checked by
introduced natural enemies. The same is said in regard to the, mealy bugs,
Dactylopius ceriferus News., on Erythrinci monosperma. Notes on the span
worm, Scotorythra idolias, a tortricid, and, on a Bruchus destructive to the
seed of the koa tree. The list of Cerambycid beetles noted includes: Plagithmysus varians Shp., P. pulverulentus Motsch., P. cristatus Shp., P.
aequalis Shp., P. arachnipes Shp., P. darwinianus Shp., P. blackburni Shp.,
P. funebris Shp., P. bilineatus Shp., P. bishopi Shp. P. vicinus Shp., P. collaris Shp., P. diana Shp., P. tinschi Har., P. pulvillatus Karsch, P. lanfaiensis
Shp., P. aestivus Shp., P. concolor Shp., P. permundus Shp., P. Perkinsi Shp.,
P. lamarckianus Shp., Clytarlus filipes Shp., C. mediocris Sbp., C. debilis
Shp., C. claviger Shp., C. nodifer Shp., C. modestus Shp., C. laticollis Shp.,
C. pennatus Shp., C. fragilis Shp., C. longipes Shp., C. annectens Shp., and
Callithmysus mnicrogaster Shp.  Koebele considers the worst pest of the
native forest to be cattle (PP. 5~7-59).
2I7.  KoEBE~LE, ALBERT, Notes on insects affecting the koa trees...
Rept. Bd. Comr. Agric. and Forestry, Hawaii, i9oci, pp. 6i-66,
1901, (US)
The insects noted are: Parandra puncticeps Sharp, A egosoma reflexumn
Karsch in the dead wood of the decaying forest. The living trees affected
by the "Olinda bug," Pandamorus olindae Perk., by tortricid and geometrid
larvae, and by a fungoid disease.




50


Bernice P. Bishop Museum-Bulletin


218.  KOEBELE, ALBERT, Hawaii's forest foes: Haw. Ann. for i90o, pp.
90-97, Honolulu, I900.
Discusses causes' of the disappearing forests of the islands, describing
the various species of insects that attack trees, with their natural enemies.
2I9. MEYRICK, EDWARD, New Hawaiian Lepidoptera: Ent. Month. Mag.,
vol. 36, pp. 257-258, 1900. (HSPA) (AF)
The specimens described were collected by Professor Schauinsland.
Agrotis eremioides n.sp. and A. procellaris n.sp., were obtained at Laysan,
and Scotorythra diceraunia n.sp., S. triscia Meyr., Phlyctaenia synastra Meyr.
came from Molokai.
220. *PERKINS, R. C. L., Introduction of beneficial insects into the Hawaiian Islands: Berlin Ent. Zeit., pp. 45-46, I900.
This is a resume of an article that appeared in Nature, vol. 55, pp. 499 -500, I897.
221.  PERKINS, R. C. L., Coleoptera, Rhynchophora, Proterhinidae, Heteromera, and Cioidae: Fauna Hawaiiensis, vol. 2, pp. 117-270,
pls. 7-10, 1900.
The most extensive work dealing with these groups; it contains descriptions of many new species.
222. SHARP, DAVID, Coleoptera Phytophaga: Fauna Hawaiiensis, vol. 2,
pp. 9I-I16, pi. 6, i9OO.
The most extensive work on this group; it contains descriptions of
many new species.
223.  THOMAS, W. B., Farming in Hawaii: Haw. Ann. for I9go, pp. 124 -128, I900. (BM)
Includes a brief reference to insect pests which are said to make it almost impossible to grow certain vegetables (p. 127).
224. VAN DINE, D. L., A partial bibliography of Hawaiian entomology:
U. S. Dept. Agric., Office Exp. Stations Bull. 170, pp. 52-59,
I906.
225. BALL, S. C., Migration of insects to Rebecca Shoal Light-Station
and the Tortugas Islands, with special references to mosquitoes
and flies: Carnegie Inst. Wash., Pub. No. 252, pp. I93-212,
I918.
Contains an interesting note on the observation of house flies migrating
long distances in a small boat (p. 208).




ALPHABETICAL LIST OF GENERA


51


Page I


Page


A
Acalles.................... —............   35
Acanthia. —................-.........-..................28, 37
Achroea. --- —-------------   ----------   37
A ciptilia.... —... 711 111... —. --- —. --.  37
Acritus...................................   34
Acupalpus    -.... —................................ --- —— 31, 32
Adelocera.............6.......................  6
Adoretus................................. ----7, 39, 40, 42, 44
Aechalia............... -—....................   37
Aegosoma................................-.........31, 42, 49
Aeletes.-.................-......... --- —----   34
A geialia.....................................................  6
Agrion.................................. --- 33, 34
A grotis.....................................28, 30, 31, 44, 50
Agrypnus.-..................................... --- —-  6
Aleurodes........ —.................   44
A lschua.........................................  24
Ammophorus............................................   23
Ananca...........................- 35
Anax......................................24, 25, 33
Anchomenus.................6, 21, 26, 27, 28, 30, 34
Anem  osa.-..-..........-...........31...............31, 37
A nisodactylus........................................ 31, 32
Anisolabis' -....................................32, 40
Anomalochrysa..................................... 33, 34
A nosia..................................................  36
Anotheorus..................................  26
Anthicus............. — -..-......................  35
Antilissus......................................  29
Apamea...............-..-..............  48
Aphis....-..-.......-......-................  42
Aphodius.....................................  6,29
Apis...................... —..........  29
Aporodes.................3.....-............................3I, 37
A pterocyclus........................................... 25, 26
Araeocerus-...............................-  49
Aramigus....49......................................  49
Argyresthia..-...........        26
Arma..........................................  24
Asopia   -......................................  37
Aspidiotus....-.........39, 41, 42,44, 45,46, 47,48
A sopus'...............................................  21
Asterolecanium.-......-.............. --- —---— 40, 42, 45
Astrimus..-...................-.................   27
Ataenius.................6.....................  6
Atrachycnemis....................................... 27, 34
Attagenus..-...............................-....  35
Aulascaspis.......................................   46
Automola -..................-................   33
Azinus.............................................  33
B
Bacanius..-................................  34
Barypristus'.......................................   34
Bembidium..-...2...............................28, 30
Blabophanes -.....-...-..-.....................-33, 45
Blackburnia.........................................  27
Blatta.....-...2.......................20,32


Blepyrus.. ---...................................   46
Bolitochara.-.................. --- —---—.................  34
Boreophila... ---..................................  31
Bostrichus.......................... --- —------—..   35
Botys.................................. 26, 27,28, 37, 42
Brachymetopa...................-..-.... —...........  40
Brachypeplus..-...... —..... ---- 27, 29, 31, 35
Brontolaemus.-.................-..... —......   35
Bythoscopus..-............................... --- —------  24
C
Caccodes --—.................................... --- —  35
Calandra............................................22, 35
Calleida....................................................   23
Callithmysus ---------—....................................   49
Calotermes........ --- —-—.............................   33
Calpodes............   ------—.......................   3
Camponotus -----— 29-...........................  36
Canthon.-........................-...........  23
Capsus'......................................24,28
Caradina.-.....-........................ --- —---  30
Cardiastethus  -—. ---...................... 26, 28, 37
Carpophilus........................................  27
Catapicephala   ---------—..................................   25
Catorama................. -----—................  35
Ceromasia................................  I i6
Ceroplastes... ---....................... -- - 42,, 44, 45, 47
Chaenosternum.................................. — -------....  35
Chaetogaedia..-.................................... --- —-36,43
Chalcis..................................................3, 36, 44
Chelisoches...-................................... 32, 40
Chelonus...-3.................................., 36,48
Chilocorus    ---—.........................................  38
Chiloides.... --- —-—...............................   35
Chionaspis..........41,..................  42, 44,46
Chrysopa...........................  33
Cicada..........................................................  7
C is  -........................................................29,35
Cistela..........................................................   35
Clerada...........................  28
Clytarlus....................27, 29, 30, 31, 35, 43,49
Coccinella.39...........................,   44
Clytus......................................  48
Coleolichus......................................, 37
Colias...2....4......................-  24, 25
Colpodes........................-...............  32
Colpodiscus...................................- -   34
Colymbetes.........................................., 21
Conocephalus........................................  32
Coplatus.................................... --- —---   6,34
Corixa...................................  26
Corylophus  —......-.....-......................  34
Corymbites.....-.......................-.........  31
Crabro............................................23, 29, 31, 36
Crepidodera..............-.....................  24
Cryptolaemus.................................. 38, 42,43
Cryptorhopalum............................. 35
Culex     -—.....-............................24, 34




52


Bernice P. Bishop Mutseum-Bulletin


Page
Cyclonotum   -..... --- —-—............................ ---   29
Cyclothorax  ---- --—................... --- —— 27, 28, 30, 32, 34
Cylas........... --- —-- ---- ---—.......................   13
Cymus..... ---............... --- —-------—...............   3
D
Dactylopius -. --- —---— 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 47, 49
Dacus'................-1................. — 18, 45, 47, 48
Danaida. —.. —...... -—..........-...   I6
Danais..........................................27, 30, 36
Deielia -...................................... 38
Deilephila -......................................26, 30
Delphax............ —........... ---- ---- 23,24
Depressaria...................... --- —------—...........   33
Dermestes.-.............. ---—........... —.........   48
D iaspis...................... --- —------—......................41, 42, 44, 46
Diestota -... —...............................30, 34
D ilasia....................................................29, 31, 37
Diplosara...-..-................. —.....-  33
D isenochus........................................27, 30, 34
Dolichotelus.-.... —.............................   35
Dryophthorus... --- —.................................  27
Dyscolus........... -........................... 26
Dys'dercus.......................-....... —.-....   25
E
Echthromorpha -................................. ---24, 36
Eidoreus.....-................................   35
Elater.. --- —-........................................   6,31
Eleutheroda -..... —................................. 32, 40
Elimaea   -.................... ---................. --- —-- 32, 40
Elipsocus.-........... -.......- -...............   33
Encyrtus..-.............................. ---....   36
Eopenthes -............................-..........  35
Ephestia...........................................6, 3I, 37
Epitragus.......-............................. ---  31
Epitranus.. --- —--—.................................... ---- 33, 36
Eriococcus -—........   ---—........................... 44, 47
Eromene.-.................................. --- —- 32, 37
Eulachus.-.......................................   35
Eupelmus --------------------------- 33,36
Eupithecia. ---...     --   -—................................   30
Eurycreon........-..............................   37
Euthyrrapha....................................  40
Euxestus     -------------..................................   35
Evania............................... --- —-   -29,33, 34, 36
Evaspidiotus.-..................................... --- —----  47
Eysarcoris.-......................................   22
F
Falagria................-... —......... —.......   30
Fiorinia. ---............................. --- —------ 44, 46
Forficula........-..................... — ---- --— 32,40
Formicaleo...-.............................. --- —33, 38
Fornax....-...................................   35
G
Geleckia  --—................................... 7, 49
Genophantis................. ---- ------- —....................  37


Page
Geodephaga..................................27,28
Geotom us................................................ 26, 37
Gesneria       ----------—.................................. - 33, 37
Glyptoma...-.................................. ----   30
Gomphocerus.............................  24
Gonioryctus --—.... --- —--------------------—.-27, 35
Gonitis --—........................... --- —----- ---  32
G raptodera...............................................  24
Gryllotalpa -----------—.............................  42
G ryllus.......................................................32, 40
IT
Hadena............................ --- —--—........  25
H aem atobia...............................................17, 47
Halobates........ ----............ --- ——.... --- 5, 34
Haptoncus -...... ---....................................  27
Hednota   -.... ---............ -—....... —.-.....   37
Helcogaster....-...-........................... --   35
H eliothis......................................... 24, 30
Hemiberlesia.-........ --- —.........................   47
Herminia..-...... —......       26
Heteramphus.-.................................. --- —--- - ---  35
Heterocossa ---- -------—...............................   33
Heterophaga..........22......................, 35
H olochila.................................... 28, 31
Holcobius --------—.............. —.................. —..  31
Homoeosoma..............-.........................   37
Howardia... --- —-—..............................   45
Hyalopteryx   -............ —........................   24
H ydrobius............................................... 6, 22
Hydrophilus'........-................................., 20, 28
Hymenia.......-................................  26
Hypena.................................................26  30, 31
Hyperaspis —. —.............. —....................24
Hyperomorpha........................................  35
Hypocala........ --- —------—...................... -  32
Hypothenemus..................................... 29,35
I
Icerya........................ 17, 38, 41, 42, 44, 45, 47, 49
Itodacnus..-.............................. —.   35
K
Kermicus.-.....................................  46
L
Labetis...-.......................29, 35
Labia..................................... 23, 32, 40
Labrocerus. ---................................-   35
Laemorphloeus..........................................  35
Lagochirus.. ----.......... -----—.........   27
Laphygma..............-..................... --- — 42, 44, 48
Larentia  -....................... ---................  28
Laverna   -................................... 26, 32
Leucania.................................26,  27, 28, 30, 32
Lecanium....38, 39, 40,.4I, 42, 44, 45, 47, 48, 49
Lephygama -....................................   39.
L epidotus...................................................  6
Lepthemis   -......................................  33




List of Genera


53


Page
Leptogenys........ -----  --—.............................. 29, 36
Leucophaea................................. --- —------ ---   40
Libellula....................................................   7
Lilia....................................................29, 3, 37
Limneria..................................................33, 36
Liophaena.... --- —---   —...............................  30
Lispe...........................................................  25
Lispinodes....................................... --- —------ 30, 34
Litargus'.....................................   29
Lithocharis..................................  34
Locastra.................................................32, 37
Lopha.......................................................  28
Loxocreon...................... —........... ----   38
Luperus...............................  24
Luteva.. —...........................26
Lycaena............ —....................  48
Lycosa...................................   9
M
Margarodes............................  37
Margaronia........................................  31
Mauia.......-............. —.......... -....   35
Mauna.............................      34
Mecyna................................. 28, 31, 37
Megachile..................................... —29, 36, 45
Megalagrion........................................  33
Megalomus....................................... --- --— 33, 34
Megascelis...................................................   24
Melanomecyna........ ----—............................. 33, 3
Merragata................................... -.   26
Mestalobes.................................... --- —-32, 37, 43
Metacoelus................... --- —------  36
Metasia................................ --- —-...........32, 37
M ethana..............:........................  40
M etrarga....................................................28, 37
Metromenus...........................  34
Mimesa.............................................23, 36
Micracantha.......................................  27
Mirosternus...................... —........... --- ——. 3, 35
Microvelia............. —..........................   28
Monanus'...................................29, 35
Monolexis.............. --- —--—...................3, 36
Monomorium      --—................................- 36, 47
M onopis....................................................   45
Moranila................ --- —-----—...................33, 36
Morganella -................................. -   43
Musca......................................2, 25
Myllaena. —. --- —................................. --- —- 30, 34
M yrm  elon............................................  23
Mytilaspis4 ---------   ------— 41, 42, 44, 45, 47
N
Nabis. ---................................. ---- --- 26, 28, 37, 48
Nacoleia......... ---........................... --- —--- ---   46
Nesogonia....................................................  46
Notaphus.............................. --- —-....  30
Nysius..............................24,25,28, 31,37
0
Odynerus................................. 9, 29, 36, 37, 41
Oechalia........................................   28


Page
Oenem   ona...........................................   23
Oligota................... ----—............ 30, 34
Oligostigma..... ---......................... -  28
Oligitoma................... ---- -----—........... 33, 35, 4.I, 45
Omicrus.................................  28
Omiodes........ --- ——.............................. --- 37, 38, 48,49
Oniscosoma.............................. -- 32, 40
Oniscus'..................................................   9
Onthophagus............................................  23
Oodemas      -------    —............................ 24, 26, 27, 30, 35
Oopsis....................................   27
Ophion................................ --- — ---- ---   33, 36
Orthomecyna.................................... —33, 37
Orthoperus ----------—...................................  34
Oxya..................... —.............. ---- ----...  40
Oxytelus...................... --- —-----—.......... 30, 34
P
Pachycorynus...     -—..............................   30
Palistes.............................. --------—.........   34
Pam  era................................................25, 28
Panchlora ---—................-......... —..........-.... —   32
Pandamorus.............................................  49
Pantala........................................................25, 33
Papilio....................................7, 25, 26
Paranemobius ---—..................................   41
Parandra.6...............................6, 27, 49
Paraponyx..............................-  37
Parasia...........................................  33
Paratrigonidium..................................   40
Parlatoria....................................................44, 47
Pelopoeus......2............................ 29, 36
Pentarthrum -... --- —-. —... ---.. --- —-----.  27
Periplaneta.................................32,40,48
Phalainesthes............................................  47
Pheidole..................................... 29, 32, 36
Phenolepis.....................................  29
Phlaeopora......................................  30
Phlegethontius'.......................................40,48
Phlyctaenia................................................  50
Phthorimaea..........................................  13
Phyllodromia............................................  40
Pieris................................................  49
Pimpla.........................................................   36
Pison............................................29, 36
Plagithmysus..............22, 23, 30, 35, 43, 45, 49
Planchonia......................................  42
Platydema..................................................  35
Platynus................................................, 3, 32
Platyptilus.................................... --- ------- 32, 37
Ploiariodes..      ---—..................................., 37
Plodia   ----—...................................... --- —--- 28, 37
Plusia........................................26, 27, 30,44,48
Plutella.............................................44, 49
Polistes.................................................. 29, 36
Polyommatus...........................................  32
Ponera................................... 29, 36, 47
Prenolepsis..................................... 29, 36
Prodenia.......................15,26, 30, 32
Prognathogryllus....................................  40
Promecoderus......               31




54


Bernice P. Bishop Museum-Bulletin


Page
Propalticus.-........... ---......... -  29
Protoparce.................................... 26, 3
Prosopis'.........  -............  23, 29, 36, 41
Proteopteryx.....................-.........- -  32
Proterhinus.................................27, 29, 31, 35
Protocolletis...........-................ —.  37
Psammodius....-............................. 6
Pseudocoremia.-.............-.....-.....   28
Pseudolus....... ----. --- —--------------------  35
Psocus —.........-........... ----    33
Pulvinaria.-.....38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45, 47, 49
Pycnoscelys...-....-............ — -  20
Pyralis................................-  26
Pyrameis -—....................... -—..-.25, 28
R
R eclada..........................................  28
Rhabdocnemis............-.........6, 22, 40, 41, 49
Rhodaria......................................26, 31, 37
Rhyncogonus.................................-.....-  35
Rhygchium....-..............................  24
Rhyncolus................................ 24, 31, 35
Rhyparochromus'...-........ —................- -  22
S
Salbia..............................4, 37
Salda...................-...- -  28
Sarcophaga................. —............  25
Sardia................................   37
Saronychium...............-........................  26
Scardia.......................  28
Sciopkagus...........       35
Sclerodermna -..............-..  36
Scolopendra -....................     9
Scoparia.......... —.....................,  32, 37, 43
Scopula.-.......................30, 32, 33, 37
Scotomera...........................32, 37
Scotorythra ----................... 33, 49, 50
Scotosia................................8, 30
Scymnus...................................... 24, 35, 44
Selbia..-...........................   28
Selda.............................  37
Selenophorus..............-............... -  23
Sericoderus..............-.............. -  34
Sierola..... ---.................. 31, 36
Silvanus -.................... --- — -  48
Solenopsis..........................-......... 29, 36
Solindena.... ---................ ---- 33, 36
Sotenus..................-............ 27
Spaclotys..................................... 48
Spalangia..............-.................36


Page
Sphaeridium.........-..................... 29
Sphaerococcus. —..-......39, 40, 41, 42, 45, 46
Sphenophorus................................. 37, 42
Sphinx.-.............................- -...8, I3, 40, 48
Spaelotius......... —.... ---..........-  30
Spodoptera.... --- —---—...............   48
Spoelotis.........-.........-.........  30
Stasilea -----      ----------       31
Stasileanocorus........................................... 3,Cfen  ocrlli a.'




Stenopterus...................................... 22
Stylopyga........ ---.......................   40
Synomotis'......................-..........  33
T
Tachyusa....-...............-.............. 30
Tapinoma-..-................-......... 36, 47
Telephanus...........................  35
Telmatophilus..................-........  35
Teras..-..............................   32
Tetramorium.....................................29, 36, 47
Tetranychus............................,  4 1
Tettigonia..................................  23
Thyrocopa....-     -................  33
Tinea.. -                          32
Tomocera................................... 48
Toxocampa.............-..........  30
Tramea....-...................-.. —.....25,33
Trechus...........................   2
Tribolium.... —................  48
Trichoptilus...-....................... 37
Trigonidium   ---  —.............32........... 24, 32
Tripleps.............. ---........    26
Trogophlaeus...........................  30
Trox. —                                 6
Trypeta............................  25
Trypopitys..........    -............  31
V
Vanessa -4, 7, 8, 9, 13, 21, 22, 25, 26, 28, 30, 31
Vedalia......-.....................   38, 49
X
Xeroscopa --- —- -------------------  43,46
Xiphidium..................................................  40
Xiphidium.-......... 40
Xyleborus.....................-.......  35
Xyletobius.................-.............31,,  5
Xylocopa.............................9  36, 37
29, 36, 37
Z


Zinckenia


-37, 48




ALPHABETICAL LIST OF
SPECIES


55


A
Page
Abdominale, Sphaeridium..................  29
Abdominalis, Coccinella............... ---....39, 44
Trogophlaeus'.. —. --- —----     30
Abnormis, Crabro....................... -  36
Mestolobes.-.. —... —................... ---.  37, 43
Metasia...-......-........... ---..   32
Accepta,  Botys....................................26,27,28
Nacoleia.........-       46
Omiodes.................-...37,49
Achatina,  Pyralis.............................. 26
Achroana, Heterocossa.-...-........ --  33
Acuminatum, Lecanium     38, 39, 40, 4I, 44,45
Acutus, Mirosternus......-............ -  35
Adonidum, Dactylopius................. ----....44,47
Adspectans, Crabro......... —   36
Advena, Oxytelus................ —. 30
Aeneipennis, Xylocopa....................29, 36,46
Aenes'cens, Oodemas........................ 24, 27
Aeneus, Laemorphloeus --—................-  35
Aenone, Mestolobes.....-.................. — -  32
Aequale, Oodemas.......-...................- --  35
Aequalis, Orthoperus.................   34
Plagithmysus....-......... --- —-- - 43,49
Aestivus, Plagithmysus................ —.. --- — 43, 49
Affinis, Brachypeplus -....-.............   31
Crabro..........-...........-............-....   29,36
Xyletobius.......................................   35
Agilis,  Odynerus...................................29, 36
Alatus, Prognathogryllus —........-..   40
Albertisi, Plagithmysus..........-...-......- -   45
Albicaudata, Orthomecyna................33, 37
Albizziae,  Dactylopius......................... 2, 45
Albosparsa, Ephestia..-..............-....-...   31
Alienus,  Cis.........................................  29
Altivolans, Hypena var. simplex..........  3I
Scopula.-............-............-.......   30
Ambiguus, Eopenthus............................  35
Ambrodes, Xerocopa.........................-...   37
Americana, Periplaneta.................... — -— 32, 40
Amoenula,  Calleida..............................  23
Amygadali, Diaspis................-..... ---......- 44,46
Angularis, Proterhinus....-..................... 31
Angusticollis, Acalles..-..............-......-  35
Angustum, Oodemas..................-........  27
Annectens, Clytarlus........................  49
Annularis, Hyperaspis...................-......  24
Annulipes, Anisolabis. —............-...-......-. 40
Anomalus, Disenochus'................   27
Antennata, Misesa..-....................... ----..- 23, 36
Anthracina, Prosopis............................23, 36
Apertus, Brachypeplus................ --- —-....   35
Aphanopis, Orthomecyna ----—........   37
Apicalis,  Cis....................................   35
Dolichotelus —           -......................   35
Apicicornis, Clerada -..................  28


Page
Appendiculata, Elimaea..................... —...32, 40
Arachnipes, Plagithmysus...-................43, 49
Araneiformis, Lagochirus............  27
Araucariae, Eriococcus..................- -—...44, 47
Arboricola, Nysius.-............ -------  28
Arboricolens, Scotorythra..-.. —. -    33
Archippus, Danaida..........6.........  6
Danais.-..-...............27, 30, 36
Arenivolans, Agrotis.........-......-...... — ----  28
Argoscelis, Scopula........-............. --- —-..-  37
Armigera, Heliothis.............-........ ----...  30
Asellus, Oniscus..................-............-  9
Asper, Antilissus.....-................ ----...  29
Aphodius.............................   6
Brachypeplus. —.................. —.........  27
Aspersa, Laverna..... --- —--............  32
Atalanta, Vanessa.........-.....................  8
Atomarius, Bacanius.......................... —  34
Atroferrugineum, Paratrigonidium....  40
Attenuatus,  Cis.............................   35
Aurantii, Aspidiotus.-............. ----4 I, 44,45
Aurifer, Palistes.-................-.......29, 34, 36
Aurora, Anemosa --—........................... 31
Mecyna....... --- —  ---   ---      37
B
Balteatus, Canthon.....................   23
Bambusae, Kermicus'......................... 46
Sphaerococcus... --- ——...39, 40, 41, 42, 45
Barbata, Sarcophaga.............. —.......-   25
Bardus, Anchomenus.......................   26
Basalis, Eopenthes.......-............... -  35
Proterhinus........-...............  29
Sericoderus.... --- —---—.......... ----   34
Beckii, Mytilaspis    --------..........   47
Bella, Eromene.... --- —...............-.   32
Bembidioides, Cyclothorax.............  28
Biclavis, Chionaspis............................   44
var. detecta....-.. —...-.... —. —   4I
Howardia var. detecta.... --- —..   45'
Bicolor, Brachypeplus...........................  35
Cis -----   -....... —.............  29
M irosternus  --—..............................  3I
Bidens, Brachypeplus....-....-...........  3I
Bilineatus, Plagithmysus... —......... --- 43, 49
Bimaculatus, Cis................. ......... --  35
Biseriatus, Acupalpus...........................3I,32
Bishopi, Playithmysus -................ 43,49
Bivulnerus, Chilocorus...............  38
Blackburni, Botys'.............-..........26,27
Brachypeplus............... —.........   3I
var. lanaiensis..................... —...... -  35
Brachymetopa..-...................... — -  40
Chelonus..........-....-  -.........   36
Clytarlus....-.........................-   35
Conocephalus.................-............  32
Corixa....................-.................  26




56


Bernice P. Bishop Museum-Bulletin


Page
Gonioryctus...............................   27
GlyptQma.................................   30
Holochila   2...............................   28,3I
Lepthemis....-..  -....................   33
Limneria...................................... 33, 36
Megalagrion........-....................  33
Nabis...................................   28
Nacoleia -.....     —..................  46
Nesogonia. —....6..................   46
Nysius -................ --- —-............ -----  3I
Odynerus..................................... 29, 36
Omiodes........-...................7.......,  48
Pentarthrum....................................  27
Plagithmysus..............-.... --- —----   43,49
Prosopis........................................29, 36
Proterhinus...............................  27
Protoparce....-................-    30
Rhyncogonus........ -.............-........ -  35
Blackburniae, Coleolichus...............   3I
Bledioides, Oxytelus.-................-.-  34
Boetica, Lycaena.....-......................  48
Boeticus, Polymmatus........................  32
Boisduvalii, Aulascaspis...-........... -  46
Diaspis.......4... —..............., 44
Bonvouloiri, Fornax.......-..........   35
Borrei, Oodemas...........................  27
Brachymorpha, Platyptilia..................  37
Brevicorne, Cryptorhopalum...-........  35
Brevicornis, Monanus.........................  35
Brevipenne, Glyptoma...................  30
Brevipes', Omicrus.........................  28
Brevis, Brachypeplus.........................  27
Cyclothorax.................................  27
C
Caementarius, Pelopaeus......................  36
Caeneusalis, Herminia.......................  26
Caenosulus, Nysius....................-...-  25
Calceolaria, Dactylopius...................-...42, 47
Calida,  Deilephila...............................   30
Calidus, Cis............-...............-  35
Californica, Tomocera........-...........  48
Caliginosus, Dyscolus..........................  26
Calliphya, Agrion.............................  33
Calvus', Cymus.....-...-..............3.....-..   3I
Camelliae, Aspediotus.........................  44
Fiorinia..-.............................. -  44
Cameroni, Chelonus...............................  48
Capucinus, Trypopitys...........................  31
Cardinalis, Odynerus -.......................36, 37
Vedalia............................  49
Cardui, Vanessa......8, 9, 13, 2, 22, 25,28, 30
Carinatus, Chelonus............... —      31
Mirosternus..............-...............   31
Carinata, Diestota.................................  30
Carinatus, Chelonus.....................-...   48
Castaneus, Calotermes..........................  33
Celatus, Brachypeplus.........................  35
Ceriferus, Ceroplastes.................... --- 44, 47
Dactylopius   -.................... --- —43, 45, 49




Page
Chalceolariae, Dactylopius....................  44
Chalcites, Plusia............................  48
Chersotoides, Apamea.................. —......30,48
Chloroptera, Xylocopa...........................  46
Chloroticus, Cis.........................      35
Cinctipennis, Apameidae......................-.  30
Cingulata, Phlaeopora......................   30
Protoparce -.................................   26
Phlegethontius.-..............-..... --- —-- 40,48
Citri, Dactylopius..............................40,45, 47
Citricola, Mytilaspis...........................   47
Cladestina, Phenolepis...........................  29
Clavicornis, Oligota.........................   30
Claviger, Clytarlus................................. 49
Coarctata, Scoparia.......31...............3, 32
Coenosulus, Nysius.-........................ 24, 28
Coffea, Lecanium...................................  44
Collaris, Ananca -............ --- —-—..........  35
Plagithmysus...............................   49
Proterhinus.....................................  29
Concentricus, Aeletes.......................-.  34
Concolor, Cis........................................  35
Labrocerus............. --- ——..... -      35
Plagithmysus'........ ----.. --- -- 43,49
Conferta, Heliothis...-....... —...... ----.   30
Confussus, Bacanius..............................  34
Congruus, Odynerus..........................29, 36
Coniceps, Prosopis.................................  36
Constricta, Protocolletis.................. —..   37
Scopula.-...................     32
Continuatalis, Botys..............................  28
Loxocreon..............-.. --- —---   38
Nacoleia........... —........ ---...  46
Omiodes     -....-.-.-......... —....      37
Salbia.....................................24,28
Contracta, Metrarga.......................   37
Ponera................................29,36
Convolvuli, Sphinx..............................40,48
Corticea, Scotosia................................   30
Corruscus, Anchomenus         2......................  2I'
Corymbites......... —.......................   31
Cosmodactyla, Platyptilia...................... 37
Cranifex, Palistes..-..............-.............-  34
Crassicorne, Oodemas............................  35
Crassicornis, Cistela................    35
Crassipes, Trypeta.............................  25
Crassus', Dryophthorus........................  27
Cremata, Agrotis.................................  3
Spaelotis............................ —....   30
Crenatus, Monanus................ —.......... -  29
Crinicornis, Clytus..............................   48
Criniger, Cymus........... —.................   31
Crinigera, Spoelotis................... --- —- -- 30,48
Cristatus, Clytarlus.........................  27
Plagithmysus.................-................43, 49
Cruciferarum, Plutella.........................44,49
Cucurbitae, Dacus......................8,45,47,48
Cuneatus, Anis'odactylus..............., 32
Plagithmysus.........................  43
Cuneipennis, Anchomenus.................  26




List of Species


57


Page


Currax,      Falagria...................................
Curta,    Oligostigma............................
Curtipes,     Myllaena...........................
Curvicornis,       Stasilea.............................
Curtipennis,       Nabis.................................
Cydoniae, Aspidiotus.......................... 44,
var. tecta.................................44,
Cylindricus,      Heteramphus...............
Psammodius...................
Cytricola, Mytilaspis...............................


30
28
30
31
37
45
45
35
6
44




D
Dallasi, Nysius...................................   28
Darwinianus, Plagithmysus. --- —------—.43,49
Debilis, Caccodes..............................  35
Clytarlus...............................   49
Eopenthes........................................  35
Mirosternus.....-....-.................   31
Proterhinus.................-.............   27
Telmatophilus. ----.....-.......... —.   35
Deceptor, Agrion.............................. 33
Declivia, Dryophthorus........................    27
Decolor, Dilasia............................. 29, 31
Decorata,     Periplaneta.................. —   32
Stylopyga..  —.....................   40
Decoratus, Acalles..........................  35
Delecta,    Chionaspis..........................   42
Delectus, Nysius.....................................  28
Demaratalis, Botys.................................  28
N acoleia......................................   46
O m iodes.............................................  37
Demodes, Xerocopa.................37,A43
Denigrata, Dilasia..................................29, 31
Denticornis, Crabro...............         29
Deplanata, Brachymetopa...................  40
Depressum, Lecanium......-............. — --- 38, 40
Despecta, Rhodaria..................................26, 31
Scopula...............................   37
Desuetella, Ephestia...............................   37
Detritus,    Proterhinus..........................  35
Deverilli, Cyclothorax       -—... —.... —..-......   28
Diana, Plagithmysus............................  49
Diceraunia, Scotorythra................... 50
Dilecta, Lilia.................................... 29, 31
Diligens, Magachile................................29, 36
Diluta, Phlaeopora................................  30
Dimidiatus, Carpophilus........................  27
Diminutivus, Cis......................................  29
Diremptus,     Epitragus............................  3
Discedens, Brachypeplus......................     27
var. kauaiensis......-...-.. —...............   35
Myllaena.....................................  30
Pachycorynus................................   30
Scymnus..................................   35
Discolor, Brachymetopa........................  40
Dislocata, Leucania.........................26, 27, 30
Dispar, Proterhinus........-..................   3I
Distinctus, Crabro...............................23, 36
Diversus, Odynerus......................... 36
Domestica, Musca...................................  2




Page
Domesticus, Dermestes....................  48
Dromedarius, Odynerus.....................-   36
Dubiosus', Odynerus........................... 29, 36
Duplex, Acalles......................... ---..  35
Aspediotus..............................-44,47
Dux, Sarcophaga.........................   25
Dytiscoides, Eleutheroda............... 32,40
E
Electrica, Scolopendra........................  9
Elegans, Brontolaemus.............. —      35
Elutella, Ephestia.................................  26
Ennychioides, Mecyna..........................  31
Scopula...................................  37
Ephistemoides, Cis...........................   35
Epicapna, Synomotis....-...............  33
Epicurus, Anchomenus...................  26
Eremioides, Agrotis'.......................... 50
Erro, Anchomenus...........................  27
Eucrena, Scopula....-................. -  37
Eugeniae, Chionaspis................... 44,46
Eulella, Ephestia............................  37
Evanescens, Cis -------—...............    29
Exaula, Margarodes.......................   37
Exigua, Mecyna...................................28, 31
Orthomecyna.............................  37
Orthomecyna var. cupreipennis....      33
Scopula.-..-.................... -   30
Expers, Brachypeplus....................   35
Explanatus, Brachypeplus....................  29
Explicandus, Lispinodes.....-..........    30
Extranea, Leucania..-................ --- —--- 30, 32
Extraneus', Odynerus.............................  36
Exulans, Salda.....-...................-.   28
Facilis,  Aeletes.......................................  35
Prosopis................................ 29,36
Familiaris, Myllaena.............................  30
Fascialis, Hypena..............................  30
Fasciata, Deielia.............................. —.   38
Fasciatus, Lepidotus..............................  6
Trechus.............................  23
Fasciculatus, Araeocerus......................  49
Femoratus, Metacoelus......................  36
Ferrugineum, Tribolium........................  48
Filicum, Lecanium................................  44
Filipes, Clytarlus..................................35, 49
Finschi, Clytarlus..........................   30, 3I
Playithmysus........................... 43,49
Fioriniae, Fiorinia..................................  46
Flava, Mytilaspis.................,42,45
var. hawaiiensis..........4..........., 42
Flavescens, Pantala...............................25, 33
Flaviceps, Liophaena......................   30
Flavifrons, Prosopis...............................29, 36
Flavimaculata, Lephygama..................39,48
Flavinervis, var.? Musca.....................  25
Flavipes, Eupelmus..............................- 33, 36
Prosopis......................................23 29, 36




58


Bernice P. Bishop Museum-Bulletin


Page
Flavo-orbitalis, Echthromorpha.......  36
Floricola, Brachypeplus.........-...........-..  35
Floricolens, Gesneria..............-.....-.....   33
Hednota.............................-.   37
Floridensis, Ceroplastes...... —..............44, 47
Forficularis, Prognathogryllus.............  40
Formicarius, Cylas.............................  I3
Formos'a, Xerocopa......................  37
Fossipennis, Anchomenus..........-.-........  26
Fossulatus, Promecoderus..... —... —...-.... 3I
Foveatus, Heteramphus..................-...-..   35
Fragilis, Clytarlus.............-31..................-3I, 49
Fraternus, Anchomenus.............. -  26
Frigida, Blackburni........................-  34
Scoparia...-.............-..........3I, 37, 43
Frigidus, Xyleborus.-..........    35
Frontinalis', Trogophlaeus........ —..........   30
Frugiperda, Laphygma....................-...r-42,44
Fugitivus, Anchomenus.....................  26
Gonioryatus..................................  35
Fulleri, Aramigus.............-........-...... - 49
Funebris, Plagithmysus..........-........-43,49
Fuscipennis, Prosopis............................ 29, 36
Fuscipes,  Elater.....................................   6
Fuscum, Xiphidium...........................   40
G
Geminata, Solenopsis............................. 29, 36
Gerontialis, Asopia...... —...................   37
Glabra, Oligota.................-............ —.  30
Glabricollis, Holcobius.......................... 31
Glabripennis, Mirosternus'......................  3
Glauculalis, Margaronia................-.....  31
Gloverii, Mytilaspis............... --- —-.-44, 45
Gossypiella, Gelechia............... --- —-.I7, 49
Gracilipes, Liophaena.............................  30
Gracilis, Itodacnus........................-......   35
Proterhinus..................................   3I
Rhyncolus'.................................  24
Gracillimum, Monomorium..............  47
Granulatus, Holcobius....-......................   3I
Gravidus, Dryophthorus.......................  27
Greeni, Aspidiotus............................  47
Grisella, Achroea...-.......................-..   37
Griseus,  Asopus...............................  
Hypothenemus.............................  35
Guineense, Tetramorium......-......29, 36, 47
Guttatus, Brachypeplus....-..... —.........   3I
H
Halticoides, Oodemas'....................26, 27
Haleakalae, Odynerus.........................   36
Harschi, Cyclothorax......-..............  32
Hawaiiensis, Agrion.........-..........   33
Forficula. —..........................-...   32,40
Gonitis...............................-  32
Limneria.....-...........................  36
M ytilaspis.................................... 45, 47
Odynerus.....-..........................  36
Pimpla................................  36


Page
Scoparia...................   3I
Trichoptilus.-............................  37
Xerocopa............................... 7, 43
Hebraeus, Polistes.......................-  36
Hebroides, Merragata............................  26
Hederae, Aspidiotus var. nerii............  45
Hepatica, Anomalochrys'a...-................  33
Hemipterus, Carpophilus.....................  27
Hemisphaericum, Lecanium       -.................44,47
Hesperidum, Lecanium         ---—.......39,40,44, 45
Hieroglyphica, Blatta.........................  32
Phyllodromia -..........................   40
Hilarella, Azinus..............................  33
Hilaris, Prosopis......................................29, 36
Hirta,  Spalangia......................................  36
Hirtellus, Heteramphus................  35
Hispidus, Eulachus....................-  35
Honoluluensis, Apterocyclus................  25
Hospes, Pison.............................. 29, 36
Humeralis, Elater -......-..........-......  31
Ephestia   ---—..........................-  3I
Homoeosoma.........................  37
Proterhinus..................................  29
Hunteri, Pyrameis................................  28
Vanessa........................   28
Hydrophila, Hednota...................    37
Scotomera...........-..3...............   32
Hystrix, Proterhinus........................  3
I
Ichnias, Xeroscopa..................................  43
Idolias, Scotorythra 4.....9..............-   49
Ignavus, Oodemas..............................  30
Ignicola, Bembidium..............................  28
Ignotus, Acalles............................35
Illepida, Teras'....-.........................   32
Immaturus, Xyleborus...........................  35
Impacta, Bolitochara....................  34
Impressus, Brachypeplus......................  27
Inaequalis, Brachypeplus.......................  27
Inauratus, Brachypeplus........................  31
Incendiarius, Anchomenus...................  28
Incognita, Diestola..-.........................  34
Incompta, Lithocharis........................  34
Inconspicuum, Saronychium...............  26
Indecora, Depress'aria...-...............  33
Ineptus, Proterhinus..-.......................  35
Infernum, Oodemas.......... —..-........  30
Infirmus, Brachypeplus..........................  27
Inflata,  Heliothis..................................  24
Ingloria, Prodenia...-..........1... 5, 26, 30, 32
Innotabilis, Gryllus................... --- —-- 32, 40
Innotatus, Nabis.................................26, 37
Insignis, Blackburnia...........................  27
Dryophthorus.............................  27
Hypena....2..............................26, 30
Proterhinus...............................  35
Xyletobius.................................   35
Insociabilis, Anchomenus......................  27
Insolida,  Luteva....................................   26




List of Species


59


Page
Insulare, Oodemas.-................   27
Insularis, Acritus.................-.....-..   34
Ammophorus..............................  23
Calleida..............................  23
Cis -.....-.....-..................  35
Encyrtus...................................   36
Erysarcoris........................22
Lebia................................  23
Larentia -.......................... 28
Leptogenys....... —......................29, 36
Luperus.-..........................   24
Oligotoma..................33, 35, 4I, 45
Selenophorus................................ 23
Telephanus..................................   35
Xyleborus.............................   35
Insiulicola, Odynerus...............-..........-   36
Integer, Proterhinus.............................  35
Interpunctalis, Plodia.....................  28
Interpunctella, Ephestia.................  37
Iodora, Genophantis...........................  37
Iridipennis, Pison............................. 29, 36
Irritans, Haematobia.-...-..-........ —.. I-17, 47
Ischnias, Xerocopa........................  37
J
Jacunda, Xerocopa.............-.. ---. —.37,43
Jaynei, Labrocerus...............-...-.......  35
Jucunda, Scoparia var. formosa.........-   31
Jucundus, Geotomus...............................26, 37
Junius, Anax................. —....24, 25, 33
K
Kammeamea, Vanessa (see tammeamea)
Kauaiensis, Oligota.......-........................  34
Kinbergi, Scymnus.......... —...-.............. 24
Koelense, Agrion.................-..........  34
Koelensis, Brachypeplus......................  35
Koelensis, Nabis....................................  37
Kona, Prosopis..................................   36
Konae, Eopenthes.. ----..............      35
Konanum, Chaenosternum................  35
L
Lacteipennis, Epitranus..........................  36
Lacerata, Tramea...................................25, 33
Laeticulus, Cis...............................  29
Laetus, Cyclothorax..............................  30
Laevigata, Evania..........................29, 34, 36
Lamarckianus, Plagithmysus.-........       49
Lanaiensis, Plagithmysus.-.........-.- 43, 49
Lacteipennis, Epitranus..-.......................  33
Lateralis', Acalles.....................-....   35
Laticollis, Clytarlus.......................- 49
Proterhinus..................................   35
Latrifrons, Diestota................-............   30
Latus, Gonioryctus............-.........   27
Lecontei, Proterhinus..........................  29
Lectularia, Acanthia.......................... 28, 37
Leuconeura, Sierola...............................  36
Lictorea, Anisolabis.-.................. -.   32


Page
Ligata, Methana..................-.............   40
Pariplaneta --................................ 32
Lignivora, Diplosara -................. --- -  33
Scardia..................................   28
Limbipennis, Catapicephala.............. 25
Linealis, Paropanyx.-..........................  37
Linearis, Proterhinus.. --- ——.........   35
Lineatus, Ophion..........-.....-.....-. — -. --- — 33, 36
Xyletobius..........-..............  35
Liodyta, Omiodes -.............................- -  37
Litorea, Eurycreon............-...........-...-   37
Scopula.......................   33
Littorea, Anisolabis...-.................   40
Littoralis, Platyptilus --........................32, 37
Livornica,  Deilephila..........................26, 30
Localis, Nacoleia.............-......  46
Odynerus.......................................   29
Omiodes -.......-............... — -  37
Longella, Blabophanes..-................   33
Monopis.-........................  45
Longicollis, Nysius...........-..... ---.....-.   37
Longicornis, Fornax...........................  35
Prenolepis.............-.........-  36
Proterhinus............................-...-   35
Longillus, Ps'eudolus.................. -  35
Longipennis, Cis..-.,................. —..........- 35
Oligota..-....... -—. ---—..........   34
Longipes, Aeletes................................   34
Clytarlus....................................   49
Longispina, Aspidiotus................- 4, 44,45
Longulus, Proterhinus..........................  29
Rhyncolus..................................  24
Longulum, Lecanium    38, 39,41, 42, 44, 45,49
Lucicolens, Spaelotis..............-...........  30
Lucipetens, Anchomenus....................  28
Luscios'us,  Nabis....................................   26
M
Maclachlani, Anomalochrysa...-.......  34
Macroglossum, Sphinx. —......-.......   8
Maculatus, Carpophilus......................-..  27
Maculicollis, Hypothenemus................  29
Maculipennis, Echthromorpha..............24, 36
Major, Holcobius............... —..-......  31
Mammeae, Pulvinaria ---.-41, 42, 44, 45
Mandibularis, Crabro............................-.29, 36
Marginipennis, Calotermes...........   33
Marmoratus, Xyletobius.-.......... —.   31
Maritima, Anisolabis.......... —....... ---......32, 40
Marsdeni, Blepyrus.-...................-..-   46
M askelli,  Aspidiotus................................  45
Morganella...........-...........- -   43
Mauiense, Oodemas.-....................... — -  27
Mauiensis, Acalles............-........-  35
Coplatus.-............ --- —----—...  34
Crabro -............. ---...........  36
Nysius..................   37
Mauritanica, Heterophaga..............  22
Mauritia, Spodoptera...........-........   48
Maurus, Odynerus...............................  29




6o


Bernice P. Bishop Museum-Bulletin


Page
Mediocris, Clytarlus..............................  49
Megacephala, Pheidole....-........-.. —..-.  36
Melanocephala, Tapinoma........-..........36,47
Melanopis, Xerocopa............-.....-........-37, 43
Melifica, Apis...............-..................   29
Mesoleuca, Xerocopa............-...-..... --- — 37, 43
Metallescens, Brachypeplus..................  31
Metatarsalis, Lispe.........................   25
Meticulosus, Anchomenus......................  26
Micacea, Aporodes............-.................  31
Scopula.-.....-.................... --- — -.  37
Micans, Cyclothorax.............................   27
Microgaster, Callithmysus.................    49
Clytarlus...............................   29
Microphya, Chrysopa.....................-.....  33
Migrator, Bostrichus'.......... ----......-...  35
Minor, Euxestus.............-..................  35
Minuscula, Boreophila.-....-..........   31
Mestolobes -......-..-....... 37, 43
Minutus, Eidoreus.............................  35
Modestus, Agrypnus...............................  6
Clytarlus................................29,49
Dryophthorus................................  27
Moesta, Reclada...................................   28
Monogona, Omiodes..................-          37
Montana,     Anomalochrysa.. —........  34
Diestola...................-........-  34
Scoparia............................  43
Montanus, Anotheorus........................  26
Odynerus....................................29, 36
Monticola, Aeletes............................ 35
Chaetogaedia....-..    -..........................36, 43
Gonioryctus..................................  27
Sierola..........-........-....-     36
Monticolans, Scopula........................   37
Eupithecia.....-........................   30
Locastra............ ---...................   32
Montivagus, Cyclothorax......................  27
Montrouzieri, Cryptolaemus.....-....38,42,43
Mori, Lecanium................................ — 44,47
Morio, Chelisoches.-................-.... --- —--— 32, 40
Multipunctatus, Cyclothorax...............  27
Mundulus, Anthicus.-         -   —.......................   35
Cardiastethus.......................  26
Mundus, Heptoncus...........................  27
Murimus, Lepidotus..........................   6
Muscicola, Anchomenus........................26, 34
Mutabilis, Dyscolus................................  26
Mutanda, Oligota................ —............  30
Muticus, Mirosternus..............................  3
Onthophagus.............................   23
Mysticus, Anchomenus.......................   26
N
Nautarum, Odynerus -.................       36
Nemorivagus, Nysius... —.......-........      3I
Nerii, Aspediotus.....-............... 41I, 42, 44
Newelli, Playithmysus...........................  43
Nigrescens, Mecyna.-......................   31
Scopula..-.............................   37


Page
Nigricans, Ophion...............-........ ---- -- 33, 36
Proterhinus..................................   29
Nigriceps, Pamera.............................25, 28
Rhyparochromus...........................  22
Nigrinus, Xyletobius....... —.............-   31
Nigripenne, Rhygchium..........................  24
Nigripennis, Odynerus......................   36
Nigrofasciatus, Cis           —........................-....   35
Nigro-hamatum, Agrion....................-...  34
Nigrum, Lecanium...............42,44,45,49
var. depressum     -—............. —....4 --- —, 45
Nitida, Brachymetopa............................  40
Nitidus', Nysius............. —..............- -   31
Nivicola, Oodemas.............................   27
Noctivolans, Toxocampa.......... —............   30
Nodifer, Clytarlus...............................  49
Nuda, Metrarga...................................  28
Nutans, Micracantha............................  27
Nutator, Oopsis......................................  27
0
Oahuense, Agrion........................-......  34
Oahuensis, Cyclothorax.......................  27
Myllaena..................... ----..   34
Selda...........-......................   37
Obliquus, Xyleborus.............................  35
Obscura, Calandra................................  22
Metrarga................................  37
Prenolepis............... ---.....-......   36
Obscurata, Chalcis.............................  44
Obscure-punctatus, Odynerus'.......-.....   36
Obscuricolor, Cyclothorax....................  27
Obscurum, Oodemas..............................  27
Pentarthrum...............................  27
Platydema.-...................... -  35
Obscurus, Astrimus............................  27
Eopenthes.................................  35
Labrocerus......................-...........   35
Mirosternus.....-.............-......    31
Proterhinus........................................  27
Rhabdocnemis.....................6, 40, 4, 49
Sphenophorus........-..... ----— 37,42
Obsoleta, Hypena........................ 26,30, 31
Obsoletus, Brachypeplus.-......................  3I
Obtusata, Phillodromia..........................  40
Obtusus, Fornax.................................  35
Oceanica, Chrysopa..................................  33
Oceanicus, Anchomenus........................  26
Oceanicum, Megalagrion............-........ —.  33
Ocellatus, Anax................................  24
Scymnus.....................................  44
Scymnus ----------------------        35,44
Ocellea, Eromene.............................   37
Octoocellatus, Calpodes..............-.....3I,32
Oculatus, Propalticus.................-..... -  29
Oleae, Lecanium........39,40,41,42,44,45,48
Olinda, Brachypeplus...........................  35
Olindae, Oodemas -.........................-..   30
Pandomorus..............................  49
Omalioides, Brachypeplus................  27
Ombrodes, Xeroscopa......................  43




List of Species


6i


Opacus, Rhyncolus.........................
Opurculella, Phthorimaea...............
Ornatipennis, Anomalochrysa...........
Oscillans,  Nabis....................................
Proterhinus...........................
Osculatus, Xyletobius..................
Oxyptera, Hednota..........................
P


Page
3I
13
34
37
27
3I
37




Pachysema, Xerocopa.........-..-..... --- --— 37, 43
Pacifica, Anisolabis..... ---........... — -  40
Arma................................   24
Euthyrrapha................. ----.... —....-...-  32,40
Myllaena ---------—....................   34
Pacificus, Aphodius.................-..........-  29
Cis....................... —......-.   29
Colymbetes..................................   2
Odynerus..............-........... -  36
Rhantus.-...................... ---     6
Pacificum,  Agrion....................................33, 34
Paratrigonidium.-.........-......   40
Trigonidium....................-.............-24, 32
Pallescens, Lispinodes...........................  34
Palliatus, Monolexis................................31, 36
Pallida, Mytilaspis.................. --- —... 41-I, 44
var. Maskelli...........................-....  45
Oniscosoma..........-................. 32, 40
Pallidipennis, Telephanus........-...........   35
Pallinervis, Sarcophaga.......................  25
Palmae, Dyscolus'......................-........  26
Palpalis,  Diestota................................  30
Paludicola, Pseudocoremia.................  28
Pandanicola, Sciophagus........-............-.  35
Paradoxus, Cyclothorax.................... —.  28
Proterhinus.................................  29
Parallelus, Brachypeplus..............   35
Fornax.......................-...   35
Parda, Laverna var. montivolans....-       32
Parvulus, Colymbetes........................  21
Coplatus   -.......... —.................  6
Parva, Diestota........-...... —......... ---  30
Patellaeformis, Diaspis' -................. — 42, 44
Patruelis, Arma.................................   24
Oechalia.........................   28
Pectinatus, Helcogaster...........-...-........   35
Pele, Cyclothorax.....................-.   28
Pellucidus, Capsus....    —.....................-24, 28
Pelodes, Automola............................  33
Pennatus, Clytarlus.....-.........-.... ----.. — -3I,49
Perforatum, Lecanium.........-..........  42
Pergandei, Parlatoria..-......-.........- -  44
Perjurus, Pormicaleo....-..................- -  33
M yrmelon...................................   23
Perkinsi, Plagithmysus.-.. —.........43, 49
Permundus, Plagithmysus' -...........      49
Perniciosus, Aspidiotus................... --- —45, 48
Persearum, Aspidiotus..........-.............   45
Persequens, Tripleps.....-...-..................   26
Peruvianus, Dysdercus..........-.....-.........  25
Photophila, Leucania.............................  28




I


Page
Picinus, Selenophorus -.....................   23
Picticornis, Solindenia.-.......-.. --— 33, 36
Plana, Diestota......-...............................  30
Planus, Platynus........................31, 32
Plebeius, Attagenus...-.. ---......................   35
Plebejus, Gomphocerus......-.................   24
Plexippus, Anosia.... —....................   36
Poeyi, Gryllus.-.................... ---   40
Polita, Oligota....................   30
Polynesialis, Chalcis.....-........................3I, 36
Crabro. —....-...........-.......-.. --- 3, 36
Limneria.......-.................. ---.........33, 36
Scleroderma................ —..-.....-..   36
Pomorum, Mytilaspis................4, 44, 45
Ponteni, Colias -...................................24, 25
Porcalus, Psammodius.... ---................  6
Prasina, Alschua..............................-...  24
Procatus,  Cis...................................   29
Procellaris, Agrotis.......-...........-..   50
Prolixa, Oligota.-................ --- —  34
Prolixum, Pentarthrum.......................  27
Protervus, Anchomenus....................  26
Proteus, Parlatoria var. pergandei..       47
Protinoides, Brachypeplus...................  29
Prunicola, Chionaspis......................41,44,46
Psidii, Pulvinaria 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45, 49
Pteridicola, Nysius'.............................  31
Puberula, Crepidodera...................   24
Pubipennis, Sericoderus................-.....  34
Pulchra, Delphax     -.................... 23,24
Ploiariodes.....-............. —............ -  37
Pulverulentus, Plagithmysus...- 23, 43,49
Stenopterus........................................  22
Pulvillatus, Clytarlus............ —.............. 3I
Pumila, Tachyusa -.....................   30
Punctatissima, Ponera sub-sp.
s'chauninslandi.-...........  47
Punctata,  Blata................................   20
Punctatus, Mirosternus......................   31
Puncticeps, Brachypeplus...................  27
Diestota.............................   30
Parandra.      -.............................6, 27, 49
Punctipennis, Proterhinus..................  31
Pungeus, Sphinx....................................  8, 13
Purchasi, Icerya -—. —      I7, 41, 42, 44, 45, 49
Pusilla, Catorama -.......... —..............   35
Pheidole.................................   29, 32
Pusillus, Dryophthorus........................  27
Proterhinus....................    29
Pustulans, Asterolecanium     ---...-40, 42, 45
Putealis, Anchomenus -................ -    30
Pygidiata, Labia -....................... 32,40
Q


Quadracallis, Brachypeplus...........
Quadratus, Lispinodes.. —............
Quinquefasciatus, Culex......................
R


35
34
34


Radula, Odynerus............................ 9, 36
Rapae, Pieris...................................   49




62


Bernice P. Bishop Museum-Bulletin


Page
Rapax, Aspidiotus............................  47
Rara, Scotosia.-................................28, 30
Recurvalis, Hymenia. --- —..........      26
Zinckenia................................. 37, 48
Reflexum, Aegosoma       -............-..... 3I, 42, 49
Reitteri, Brachypeplus.....................-...  27
Remota, Calandra................................  35
Rhynchophora, Platyptilia......           37
Robustus, Brachypeplus..-..-............. 27
Clytarlus........................................  27
Cyclothorax..-................-........-  30
Proterhinus. —....-............-......-...... 35
Robustum, Oodemas..............................  27
Rosae, Aulascaspis...............................  46
Diaspis.......-..4................4I, 44
Roridus, Cis..-...................... -..   35
Rotundus, Corylophus.....-..........-........   34
Rubens, Ceroplastes.......................42, 44, 45
Rubescens, Nys'ius.-.............-.............   31
Rubritinctus, Nabis............................  37
Odynerus..........................................29, 36
Rubro-caudatus, Crabro........................   36
Rubromaculata, Ploiariodes.........-.  37
Rubro-pustulatus, Odynerus............    36
Rudolphi, Odynerus -...................   37
Rufescens, Anomalochrysa.........-..  33
Diestota...-...................... ---   30
Rugatus, Xyleborus................-...........  35
Rugiventris, Prosopis....................  36
Rupicola, Anchomenus..........................  27
S
Sabuleti, Psammodius....       6
Sandwicensis, Odynerus...............     36
Sarpendon, Papilio.........-.....................  25
Satelles, Agrion.....................................  34
Eopenthes.............. --- —-....-   35
Satellus,  M auia.......................................  25
Satellum, Prosopis........-.....................  36
Saucia, Agrotis.............................- -........  44
Schauinslandi, Megachile......-......     45
Paranemobius.-...4.................   41
Phalainesthes........-...............  47
Sculpturatum, Oodemas......................  27
Scrupulos'us, Anchomenus......-.....      26
Sculpturatus, Fornax............................  35
Scutatus, Proterhinus.........................  35
Sedata, Parasia................-...........  33
Semiochrea, Mestolobes.-................32, 37, 43
Semicylindricus, Hydrophilus...6, 20, 22, 28
Senegalensis, Elater................................  6
Senilis, Trogophlaeus..............-.....-..   30
Sericea, Evania..............-............. 33, 36
Sericeus, Halobates..............................  34
Serricornis, Xyletobius........ ---.....-.......   35
Setarius, Cis'........................-   35
Setiger,  Sotenus................................   27
Severus, Anax..-.......-.......-....-..   24
Sexguttatus, Camponotus...................29,36
Sharpi, Anchomenus............................  27


Page
Atrachycnemis...-......-.........  27
Signatus,  Cis....................................   29
Simaethina, Mestolobes..................-..  32
Similis, Gonioryatus.......................  35
Proterhinus.....-...................- -..  35
Simiolus, Cyclothorax —................   27
Simplex, Proterhinus..........................  27
Simulans, Oligota.. —....................  34
Tinea..........................    32
Sinicus,  Adoretus..............................   17
Sodalis, Cardiastethus.-.....-........ -  28
Solitarius, Plagithmysus ---—...........  43
Sordidus, Brachypeplus..-...........-..   31
Specularis, Monomorium     -........      36
Speculifera, Plagithmysus...........-.  43
Sphenophori, Ceromasia.......................  6
Spretus, Brachypeplus..................  35
Spurcum, Bembidium......-...........-......-.  30
Squalidus, Dryophthorus.............. ---...  27
Squamosa, Hyperomorpha.......-     --   35
Stellata, Melanomecyna..............  33
Scopula... —.......... ---..........-   37
Stenocnemis, Aphodius..........................  6
Stercorator, Aphodius —...............-   6
Sternalis, Proterhinus. —..............  29
Stigius,  Crabro..............................  29
Straminea, Chiloides..................  35
Strenuus,  Anax................................ 24, 33
Striatus, Brachypeplus.-...............   31
Stygius, Crabro.. —..................-..   36
Subquadratum, Cyclonotum     -..........   29
Subrufus, Nabis.-....................................26, 37
Substrictum, Oodemas..........................  36
Subtilis, Megascelis...............................  24
Subtristis, Geotomus................-.............26, 37
Suffusa, Agrotis..-...................... 28, 30
Sulphurescens, Plagithmysus...........-...  43
Surinamensis, Panchlora.....................  32
Leucophaea.................................-  40
Pycnoscelus.....................................  20
Silvanus......................................   48
Suturalis, Corylophus............................  34
Synastra, Phlyctaenia...........................  50
T
Tabidus, Cis..      -.............................  29
Tammeamea, Vanessa       --...............4, 7, 26, 3I
Pyrameis.........................-........-......   25
Tantalus, Dyscolus......................  26
Tardum, Oodemas.... ----...............   35
Tarsalis, Proterhinus. --- —.............   35
Telarius, Tetranychus................. 40, 41
Terebratus, Disenochus.. --- —-........   30
Teres, Bembidium........................  30
Terminale, Cryptorhopalum.........  35
Tesselatum, Lecanium....-............ 42, 44,47
Testaceiceps, Moranila................ — 33, 36
Testaceipes, Sierola................-... —.. --- 3I, 36
Tetragonus, Heptoncus........................  27
Tibialis,  Labetis.2............................   9,35




List of Species


63


Tinctus, Brachypeplus........................
Tormentosus', Elater.............................
Torvus, Brachypeplus.-..-..............
Transparens, Aspidiotus.........
Triscia, Scotorythra........................
Truncatus, Xyleborus......................


Page
29
6
35
47
50
35


U
Umbrosus, Adoretus........................39, 42, 44
Unctus, Cyclothorax -.................     30
Unicolor, Crabro....................-. 23, 29, 36
Unipuncta, Lecania..............................  44
Usitata, Thyrocopa......-..................-.   33
V
Vagans, Microvelia.....................  28
Vagepunctatus, Cis'..........................   35
Varicolor, Tettigonia.......................  23
Validus, Proterhinus....................   3
Variegata, Oligota................ —.......   34
Varians, Plagithmysus...-...........-....-.....43,49
Varius, Brachypeplus........-............   3I
Lepidotus.......  —.................   6
Vastator, Dactylopius................4 —I, 45, 47
Velans, Hypocala...........................  32
Velox, Oxya.....................-........  40
Venosa, Caradina...-...................  30
Scoparia...................-..............  3I
Xerocopa.-........................-.... 37, 43
Verticalis, Graptodera........................  24
Verticillata, Plusia...................26, 27, 30, 44
Vestator, Dactylopius'......-.............. 42, 43
Vestitus, Brachypeplus.......................   3I


Page
Litargus..-.....................   29
Proterhinus....................-... -....  27
Rhyncogonus..........................-......   35
Vicina, Myllaena............................. 30
Vicinus, Plagithmysus.....-............ ----.... 43, 49
Viduus, Bythoscopus.-............-............   24
Villosa, Metrarga.............................  28
Vinosus, Elipsocus................-..........  33
Violentus, Myrmelon................ -.     23
Virescens, Mecyna -........-............-...... —3I, 37
Virgatus, Dactylopius..............-........   45
Vitticollis, Plagithmysus...............-....  43
Vividus, Scymnus............-......................35,44
Volitalis, Prosopis............................29, 36
Vulcan,   Nysius......................................   3
Vulcanus, Cyclothorax...........................  28
Odynerus -...........................-.  36
W
Walsinghamii, Proteopteryx................  32
Whitei, Nysius..................................  37
Ploiariodes...... -............................   3I
Wilsoni, Formicaleo........................-....   38
Wollastoni, Heteramphus...................  35
x
X
Xanthomelas, Agrion....-....................  33
Y
Ypsilon, Agrotis.......-...-.-...... ---......   44
Z


Zizyphi, Parlatoria..........-.............. —..- 44, 47




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UNI, OF' MICH.
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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
3 9015 02327 1599
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1997




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