GOWANS' 
BIBLIOTHECA AMERICANA.
2
"Gather up the fragments that remain, that nothing be lost."
ST. JOHN.
"There is, perhaps, no nation in which it is so necessary, as in our
own, to assemble, from time to time, the small tracts and fugitive
pieces, which are occasionally published; for, besides the general subjects of enquiry, which are cultivated by us, in common with every'
other learned nation, our constitution in church and state naturally
gives birth to a multitude of performances, which would either not have
been written, or could not have been made publick in any other place."
S. JOHNSON.
NEW YORK:
WILLIAM GOWANS.
1860.








A
TWO YEARS  JOURNAL
NEW YORK,
AND PART OF ITS
TERRITORIES'IN AMERICA.
BY CHARLES WOOLEY, A. M.
~ -fA
-A NEW EDITION WITH AN INTRODUCTION AND COPIOtS HISTORICAL NOTES
BY E. B. O'CALLAGHAN, M. D.,
CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE NEW YORK HISTORICAL SOCIETY.
Fir'd at the sound, my genius spreads her toing,
And Jiies wthere Britain courts the Western spring;
Where laws extend that scorn Arcadian pride,
And brighter streams thanfam'd Hydaspis glide.
There all around the gentlest breezes stray,
There gentle music melts on-ev'ry spray;
Creation's mildest charms are there combin'd;
E~xtremcs are only in the master's mindl-Goldsmith.
For the Lord thy God bringeth thee into a good land, a land of brooks of water, of fountalas, and
depths that spring out of valleys and hills; a land of wheat and barley, and vines, and fig-trees, and
pomegranates;.a land of oil-olive, and honey; a land wherein thou shalt eat bread without scarceness,
thou shalt not lack any thing in it; a land whose stones are iron, and out of whose hills thou mayest
dig blass. When thou hast eaten and ait full, then thou shalt bless the Lord thy God for tQe good land
which he hath given thee....................................... Deusteroieomt 8: 7, 8.
NEW YORK:
WILLIAM GOWANS. 
g< T       h        6~             -1860.  




2
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1860, by
W. GOWANS,
In the Clerk's office of'the District Court of the United States for the
Southern District of New York.
MUNSELL & ROWLAND, PRINTERS, ALBANY, N. Y.




DEDICATED
TO
THE MEMORY
OF
DE WITT CLINTON.








ADVERTISEMENT.
TEE subscriber announces to the public, that he intends publishing a series of works, relating to the history, literature, biography, antiquities and curiosities of the Continent of America. To
be entitled
GOWANS' BIBLIOTHECA  AMERICANA.
The books to form this collection, will chiefly consist of reprints from old and scarce works, difficult to be procured in this
country, and often also of very rare occurence in Europe: occasionally an original work will be introduced into the series, designed to throw light upon some obscure point of American
history, or to elucidate the biography of some of the distinguished men of our land.  Faithful reprints of every work
published will be given to the public: nothing- will be added,
except in the way of notes, or introduction, which will be presented entirely distinct from the body of the work.  They will
be brought out in the best style, both as to the type, press work
and paper, and in such a manner as to make them well worthy
a place in any gentleman's library.
A part will appear about once in every six months, or oftener,
if the public taste demand it; each part forming an entire work,
either an original production, or a reprint of some valuable, and
at the same time scarce tract. From eight to twelve parts will
form a handsome octavo volume, which the publisher is well
assured, will be esteemed entitled to a high rank in every collection of American history and literature.
Should reasonable encouragement be given, the whole collection may in the course of no long period of time become not less
voluminous, and quite as valuable,to the student in American
history, as the celebrated Harleian Miscellany is now to the
student and lover of British historical antiquities.
W. GOWANS, _Publisher.








INTRODUCTION.
THE prevalent desire for authentic information on the
early history of our country, encourages the publisher to
endeavor to gratify such taste, by reprinting this curious
and rare little Book, only three copies of which are, as far
as he is informed, in these States. Though small, it throws
light on the domestic manners and social habits of the
people of the city of New York, in the latter part of the
seventeenth century, not to be derived from larger and
purely historical works.
Being curious to know the antecedents of its author, and
having learned incidentally that he was a graduate of Cambridge, I addressed the authorities of that University and
received, in answer, the following polite note, for which I
beg to return my very sincere acknowledgments.
TRINITY COLL. CAMBRIDGE.
"1 3 Oct. 1859. 
"Dear Sir:
"The vice chancellor this day put into my hands your
letter of the 24 Sept.
"I am sorry to say I can give no information as to the
parentage of Charles Wolley.  I have called upon the
master of Emmanuel College and inspected the admission
book in his custody. The information is very slight, it is
as follows:
2




10                  INTRODUCTION.
"'Ch.-Wolley of Lince admitted sizar 13 June, 1670.'
"The admission does not state whether he was born in
the city of Lincoln or merely in the county: it does not
mention Ch. W.'s father's name, or his place of education.
"The matriculation and degree books are in my custody:
"Charles Wolley was matricuM o, fr ~'or ~/tf   lated a sizar of Emm. Coll. on the
Handwriting of B. A. degree.   9 July, 1670.
-"He took the degree of
Bachelor of Arts in January,
uC    -            Q-' " 1673-4, and his, degree of
Handwriting in H. A. degree.  Master of Arts in July, 1677.
"I send you tracings of his signature at both his degrees.
" Yours truly,
" JOSEPH ROMILLY
"E. B. O'Callaghan, Esq.   (Registrary of the Univty)."
The year after he graduated Mr. WOLLEY came to New
York.  At the period referred to in his Journal, the
province is described as "poore, unsettled and almost
without trade;" the city was, "small in size and scanty
in population; its buildings mostly wood; some few of
stone and brick; 10 or 15 ships, of about 100 tons
burthen each, frequented the port in a year; four
of these being New York built."  The annual imports
were valued  at ~50,000, or $250,000; a trader worth
$2500 to  $5000 was "accompted a good substantial
merchant; a planter whose moveables were valued at
half that sum was esteemed rich. Ministers were scarce
and Religions many." *  The Church of England; the
Reformed Dutch church; French Calvinists; Lutherans;
* N. Y. Col. Doc. iii., 261.




INTRODUCTION.                 11
Roman Catholics; Quakers, both "singing and ranting;"
Sabatarians-and Anti-sabatarians; Anabaptists; Independents and Jews, all were represented. In short some of all
sorts of opinions, and some of none at all, helped in those,
as in these, days to compose the heterogeneous population
of the metropolis.
Fort James was "seated upon a point of the towne, on a
plot of ground containing about two acres, between Hudson
River and ye Sound; it was a square with stone walls, four
bastions almost regular, and in it 46 gunns mounted, and
stores for service accordingly." *  The" great house" had
been covered with Dutch tiles.; but these were removed and
the roof covered with shingles," by reason the Tyles were,usually broken when the gunns were fired."  An hospital,
or officers' quarters, stood in the vicinity, between Stone
and Bridge streets.
The garrison of the Fort consisted of
I Captain (gov. Andros,) whose pay was 8s. stg. per day.
S Anthy Brockholes 1
2 Lieuts.  Christopher  Bellop   pay 4s. per day.
1 Ensign (Caesar Knapton) pay 3s.
3 Sergeants @ Is. 6 a day; 4 Corporals and 2 drummers
I@ s. a day; 100 privates @ 8d. per day; 1 master gunner
~ 2s.; 4 matrosses @ is. -;- 1 Chirurgeon @ 2s.; 1 Storekeeper ~ 2s. and "A Chaplaine" ~ 6s..per day.
The " Chaplaine"' here referred to was the Rev. CHARLES
WOLLEY; his salary amounted to ~121. 6s. 8d sterling, or
about $600 a year. t
From his Journal we are led to conclude that he was a
gentleman of learning and observation; social of habit
and charitable in feeling. On his departure from  this
*N. Y. Col. Doec. iii., 260. tIbid, 220.




12                  INTRODUCTION.
country, Sir Edmund Andros bore testimony to his proper
deportment whilst here, in the following- words:
"A Certificate to Mr. Charles Wolley to goe for
England'in the Hopewell.
";Sr Edmund Andros Knt &c. Wher.eas Mr. Charles
Wolley (a Minister of the church of England) came over
into these parts in the Month of August 1678 and hath
officiated accordingly as Chaplaine under his Royall Highnesse during the time of his abode here, Now upon Applicacon for leave to returne for England in order to some promocon in the church to which hee is presented, hee having
liberty to proceede on his voyage. These are to certify the
above and that the sd Mr. Wolley hath in his place comported'himself unblameable in his Life and conversacon.
In Testimony whereof I have hereunto sett my hand and
Seale of the province in New York this 15th day of July in
the 32th yeare of his Matyes Raigne.  Annoq Dominj 1680.
" Examined by mee M. N. Secr." *
Mr. WOLLEY returned to England in a ship commanded
by George Heathcote, a Quaker, some particulars of whom
will be found'in Note 47, at the end of this volume.
He took with him as curiosities, "a Grey squirrel, a Parrot,
and a Raccoon," and if any desire be felt respecting the
subsequent fortunes of these favorites, we are pleased to be
able to say, that the same will -be found- fully satisfied on
referring to the pages of the Journal.
We next find our author at Alford in Lincolrnshire. Hoping
to learn something further of'his history,I' wrote to' the
Rector of that church, who in'return was so obliging as to
take a great deal of trouble to obtain the requisite informa1 N. Y. Gen. Entries, xxxii: 93.




INTRODUCTION.                13
tion, and communicated the result in the following letter:
" ALFORD VICARAGE       )
"Lincolnshire,
"September 17, 1859. 
"Dear Sir:
"It would have given me great pleasure could I have
assisted you in your enquities respecting the Rev. CHARLES
WOLLEY, but I am afraid I shall not be able to do so. As
our registers at Alford begin within five years of the oldest
in England I thought until your enquiry came to me that
this parish might hold its head high in such lore. But
upon searching them I found a great gap including the
whole time you are enquiring about and extending from
-1657 to i732. I immediately wrote off to an American gentleman (one of the HutchiDnson family) who searched them
last year'; and this morning his answer arrived but threw
no light upon the missing portion. In the mean time I
enquired of the old people who might be supposed familiar
with traditionary names but met with no success.
"One more source is open to me, the old parochial (not
ecclesiastical) books which' I will ~examine before I close
this  If this fails me I see not in what way I can be of
service.
" I am Dear Sir
"Yours very truly,
" GEORGE JEANS.
"-E. B.- O'Callaghan, Esq.  - -:.
"P. S. Sept. 2 1. The parish books begin in 1701, but
there is no mention of the name, There is just a possibility it may occur in the records of the Governors of the
Grammar School, which I will examine.
"Sept. 29. I regret to say I have examined the ar



14                  INTRODUCTION.chives of the Governors of: the Grammar. School and
cannot find the name through all the years you gave me.
G. J."
Still unwilling to abandon my search until all pryoQable
sources of information had been exhausted, I applied to the
Lord Bishop of Lincoln, to whose diocese, it appeared by
the admission book of Emmanuel College, Mr. WOLLEY
belonged, requesting that I might be furnished by his Lordship's orders, with transcripts of-any data the records of
the diocese might supply on the subject of my enquiry.
The following is an extract from the answer to that application:
"THE PALACE, Lincoln, 
"Jan'y 19, 1860.
"Dear Sir:
"I have had the Books and Records of this Registry
searched, but I have been unable to find even the Name of
the Rev. Chas. Wolley, in this Diocese, and am strongly
inclined to think that he never held a Benefice in it, otherwise the Register Books would shew it. From your observation, that he was removed "for his unprofitableness,"
I feel quite sure it was not any Benefice; no beneficed
Clergyman could be removed from his Benefice on any such
ground, nor a Curate either, if he objected and had not
committed any crime.    *                 *  
Of course you will understand that we have found no
Record of his Ordination either, and therefore: concluded
it is a mistake altogether. He might be employed temporarily as a Curate at Alford, without being licensed, and
then no record of it would be made. *   *   *   *   *
"I am Dear Sir
"Yours faithfully,
"WILLIAM MrOSS."
"E. B. O'Callaghan, Esqr.




INTRODUCTION.                 15
The close of Mr. WVOLLEY'S career is thus shrouded in
obscurity. His ministry appears by his own acknowledgment, not to have abounded in fruit; for, apologizing both
for publishing, and for having delayed the publication of,
his Journal, he says, that he was "taken off, from the
proper studies and offices of his Function, for his unprofitableness;" and therefore concluded, when he could not do
"what he ought," to do "what he could," and accordingly
published this Journal.
It is evident, from various passages in these Reminiscences, that his sojourn in this country left a pleasing impression on Mr. WOLLEY'S mind. "New York," he says, " is a
place of as sweet and agreeable air as ever I breathed in,
and the inhabitants, both English and Dutch, very civil and
courteous, as I may speak by experience, amongst whom I
have often wished myself and my family."
I have endeavored to ascertain whether he carried out
this wish and returned to this country.  The name is found
in our archives, posterior to the original publication of this
Journal;* and Mr. Valentine states that a Charles Wooley
was admitted a freeman of New York in 1702.t Whether
or not, this was the former Chaplain of Fort James and
Sojourner at Alford, I must leave to others to determine.
With a view to throw additional light on some passages
of the Text, and further to illustrate the Men and Manners
of Days which have long-passed away, and all trace whereof is buried in ancient MSS. and dust-covered Tomes,
Notes, historical and biographical, have been added to the
Journal. In the preparation of these, every care has been
taken to consult the best authorities within reach, and to
*N. Y. Doc. Hist., i., 622; N. Y. Col. Doc., iv: 934.
t Valentine's Hist. of the City of New York, 377.




16                   INTRODUCTION.
state the authority consulted, in order that every one may
have the means of reexamining the points selected for
illustration, if he feel so inclined. It is to be hoped that
the pains and labor thus bestowed, will prove of profit to
others and merit general approbation.




A  two Years
JOURNAL
IN
New-York:
And part of its
T E R R I T O R I E S
IN
A M E R I C A.
By C. W. A. M.
LONDON,
Printed for fohn Wyat, at the Rofe in St. Paul's ChurchYard: and Eben Tracy, at the three Bibles on London-Bridge. MDCCI.








TO THE READER.
The materials of this Journal have laid by me
several years expecting that some Landlooper or
other in those parts would have done it more
methodically, but neither hearing nor reading of
any such as yet, and I being taken off from the
proper Studies and Offices of my Function, for
my unprofitableness, I concluded, that when I
could not do what I ought,' I ought to do what I
could, which I shall further endeavour in a second
Part: in the mean while, adieu.








TWO YEARS JOURNAL
IN
NEW  YORK, &c.
In the year 1678, May the 27, we set sail from
old England for New-York in America, in the
Merchants Ship called the Blossom, Richard Martain of New-England Master. (See Note 1.) We
had on board Sir Edmund Andros,- (see Note 2.)
Governor of New-York, Merchants and Factors,
Mr. William Pinhorne, (see Note 3,) Mr. James
Graham, (see Note 4,) Mr. John White, Mr. John
West (see Note 5,) and others; the 7th of August
following we arriv'd safe at New-York.
The City of New-York, by Dr. Heylin (see
Note 6,) and other Cosmographers, is call'd NewAmsterdam, and the Country New-Netherlands,
being first inhabited by a Colony of Dutch; but
as first discover'd by the English it was claim'd
to the Crown of' England by Colonel Nichols,
in the year 1665, (see Note 7,)'then sent over
Governor; to whom it was surrendred by the
Dutch upon Articles; it being a fundamental
Point consented unto by all Nations, That the first
discovery of a Country inhabited by Infidels, gives
a right and Dominion of that Country to the Prince
in whose Service and Employment the discoverers
101




22               A TWO YEARS'
were sent; thus the Spaniard claims the WestIndies; the Portugals Brasile; and thus the English those Northern parts of America; (see Note 8,)
for Sebastian Cabot (see Note 9,) employed by K.
Hen. 7th, was the first discoverer of those parts,
and in his name took Possession, which his Royal
Successors have held and continu'd ever since:
Therefore they are of the Crown of England, and
as such they are accounted by that excellent Lawyer Sir John Vaughan: (see Note 10,) So this particular Province being granted to his then RoyalHighness the D. of York, by Letters.Patents from
King Charles. the. II. was from his title and
Propriety call'd New-York.
The Fort and Garrison of this place lieth in the
degree of 40th and 20 minutes of northern Latitude, (see Note 11,) as was observ'd and taken by
Mr. Andrew Norwood, Son of the Famous Mathematician of that name, (see Note 12,) and by Mr.
Philip Wells, (see Note 13,) and Van Cortland
Junior, Robert Rider and Jacobus Stephens, the
seventh of July 1679, with whom I was well acquainted, and at that time present with them.
The Temperature of the Climate
By the Latitude above observ'd, New-York lieth
10 Degrees more to the Southward than Old England; by which difference according to Philosophy
it should be the hotter Climate, but on the contrary, to speak feelingly, I found it in the Winter
Season. rather colder for the most part: the reason of which may be the same with that which
102




JOURNAL IN NEW YORK.        23
Sir Henry Wotton (see Note 14,) gives for the
coldness of Venice, as he observ'd from the experience of fourteen years Embassie, viz. Though
Venice be seated in the very middle point, between the Equinoctial and the northern Pole,
at 45 degrees precisely, or there abouts, of Latitude, yet their winters are for the most part
sharper than ours in England, though about six
degrees less of Elevation, which he imputed to
its vicinity or nigh Situation. to the chilly tops
of the Alps, for Winds as well as Waters are
tainted and infected in their passage. New-York
in like manner is adjacent to and almost encompass'd with an hilly, woody Country, full of Lakes
and great Vallies, whichl eceptacles are the Nurseries, Forges and Bellows of the Air, which they first'
suck in and contract, then discharge and ventilate
with a fiercer dilatation. The huge lake of Canada, which lies to the northward of New-York, is
supposed to be the most probable place for dispersing the cold Northwest-winds. which alter the
nature of this Climate, insomuch that a thick
winter. Coat there is commonly called a Northwestern: So that the Consequence which Men
make in common discourse from the Degree of a
place to the temper of it, is indeed very deceivable,
without a due regard to other circumstances;
for as I' have read in the Philosophical Transactions, the order of the seasons of the year is quite
inverted under the torrid Zone, for whereas it
should be then Summer when the Sun is near,
and Winter when the Sun is farther of; under the
103




24               A TWO YEARS'
torrid Zone it's never less hot than when the Sun
is nearest; nor more hot than when the Sun is
farthest off; so that to the people who live between
the Equinoctial and the Tropicks, Summer begins
about Christmas, and their Winter about St. John's
day, the reason whereof is that when the Sun is
directly over their heads, it raises abundance of
Vapours, and draws them so high that they are
presently converted into water by the coldness of
the Air; whence it comes to pass that then it
rains continually, which does repress the Air; but
when the Sun is farther off there falls no more
Rain, and so the heat becomes insupportable; but
besides these Observations and Philosophical Solutions, give me leave to offer one Consideration.to
the Inhabitants of the Northern parts of England,
viz. Whether they have not taken notice for the
several years past of some alteration in the Seasons
of the year; that the Winters have been earlier,
colder and longer, and the Summers shorter than
formerly within their own memories; for which I
think I may appeal to the Gardeners. Especially
as to the fruit of the Vine, no Grapes having come
to their maturity or perfection in the same Gardens they used to do: Now to what reasons shall
we impute these, shall we say in the words of that
Scribe of the Law, Esdras, The world hath lost his
youth, and the times begin to wax old, for look how
much the world shall be weaker through age? Or
shall we apologize with Dr. Hakewell, (see Note 15,)
in his Power and Providence in the Government of
the World? For my part I humbly submit to the
104




JOURNAL IN NEW YORK.       25
Virtuoso's of Natural and Divine Philosophy;
rather thanrmbarass and envelop my self in prying within the Curtains.of the Primitive Chaos, or
the Womb of the Creation, or the dark Orb of
Futurities.
Of the Air.
It's a Climate of a Sweet and wholesome breath,
free from those annoyances which are commonly
ascribed by Naturalists for the insalubrity of any
Country, viz. South or South-east Winds, many
stagnant Waters, lowness of shoars, inconstancy of
Weather, and tlie excessive heat ofthe Summer; the
extremity of which is gently refresh'd, fann'd, and
allay'd by constant breezes from the Sea; it does
not welcome its Guests and Strangers with the
seasoning distempers of Fevers' and Fluxes, like
Virginia, Maryland, and other Plantations, nature
kindly drains and purgeth it by Fontanels and
Issues of running waters in its irriguous Valleys,
and shelters it with the umbrella's of all sorts of
Trees from pernicious Lakes; which Trees and
Plants do undoubtedly, tho' insensibly suck in and
digest into their own growth and composition,
those subterraneous Particles and Exhalations,
which otherwise wou'd be attracted by the heat
of the Sun and so become matter for infectious.Clouds and malign Atmospheres, and tho we cannot rely upon these causes as permanent and continuing, for the longer and the more any Country
is peopled, the more unhealthful it may prove, by
4.  f10




26               A TWO YEARSY
reason of Jaques, Dunghills and other excrementitious stagnations, which offend ant annoy the
bodies of Men, by incorporating with, and infecting the circumambient Air, but these inconveniencies can scarce be suppos'd to happen within
our age, for the very settling and inhabiting a new
Country, which is commonly done by destroying
its Wood, and that by Fire (as in those parts I
describe) does help to purifie and refine the Air;
an experiment and remedy formerly us'd in Greece
and other Nations, in the time of Plague or any
common infection. To conclude this Chapter, I
my self, a person seemingly of a weakly Stamen
and a valetudinary Constitution, was not in the
least indispos'd in that Climate, during my residence there, the space of three years: This account
and-description of the place, I recommend as a
fair encouragement, to all who are inclined to
Travel; to which I shall subjoin other inviting
Advantages and Curiosities in their proper places.
Of the Inhabitants. And first of the Indians or Natives,
There are a clan of highflown Religionists, who
stile the Indians the Populus Terrae, and look upon
them as a reprobate despicable sort of creatures:
But making the allowances for their invincible
ignorance, as to a reveal'd Education, I should
rather call them the Terrae filii: For otherwise I
see no difference betwixt them and- the rest of the
Noble Animals. They are stately and well proportioned in Symmetry through the whole Oeco106




JOURNAL IN NEW YORK.       27
nomy of their bodies, so that I cannot say I
observed any natural deformity in any of them;
which probably may be owing to their way of
nurturing their new born Infants: which is thus,
as soon as a Woman is delivered, she retires into
the Wood for a burden or bundle of sticks, which
she takes upon her back to strengthen her; the
Children they Swaddle upon a Board, which they
hang about their heads, and so carry them for a
year together, or till they can go, this I had confirm'd to me, by my friend Mr. William-Asfordby,
(see Note 16,) who lived in those parts sixteen
years, and had for his Neighbour one Harman
the Indian in Marble-Town, in the County of
Ulster, formerly called Sopus, (see Note 17,) in
the Province of New-York, whose Squaw or Wife
us'd this way to her self and Children: In nursing
their Children, the Mother abhors that unnatural
and Costly Pride of suckling them with other
Breasts, whilst her own are sufficient for that affectionate service; their hardiness and facility in
bringing forth is generally such as neither requires
the nice attendance of Nursekeepers, nor the art of
a dextrous Lucina, being more like the Hebrew
Women than the- native Egyptians, delivered before the Midwife can come to them; like that Irish
Woman of whom Dr. Harvy (see Note 18,) de
generatione Animalium, Cap. de partu, Page 276,
reports from the mouth of the Lord Carew, Earl of
Totness and Lord President of Munster, (see Note
19,) who though big with Child accompanied her
Husband in the Camp, marching from place to
107




28               A TWO YEARS'
place, but by reason of a sudden flood which hindered their Armies march for one hour, the Woman's pains coming upon her, she withdrew her-self
to a thicket of Shrubs, and-there alone brought forth
Twins, both which she brought down to the River
and wash'd both herself and them, wrapping them
up in a course and Irish Mantle, marches with them
at her back, the same day barefoot and barelegged
twelve Miles, without any prejudice to herself or
them. The next day after, the Lord Deputy Montjoy, (see Note 20,) who at that time commanded the
Army against the Spaniard, who had besieged Kinsale, with the Lord Carew, stood God-fathers for the
Children; but I cannot say of-them as it is related
of the Queen of Navarre, Mother to Henry of
France, called the Great, who sung a French Song
in the time of his Birth, seeming to show other
Women, that it is possible to be brought to bed
without crying out.
As to their Stature, most of them. are between
five or six foot high, straight bodied, strongly composed, in complexion perfect Adamites, of a clayish colour, the Hair of their Heads generally black,
lank and long, hanging down. And I have been
several times amongst them, and could never observe any one shap'd eith-er in redundance or defect, deformed or mishapen. They preserve their
Skins smooth by anointing them with the Oyl of
Fishes, the fat of Eagles,  and the grease of
*Rackoons, which they hold in the Summer the
best Antidote to keep their skins from blistering
by the scorching Sun, their best Armour against
108




JOURNAL IN NEW YORK.       29
the Musketto's; the surest expeller of the hairy
Excrement, and stopper of the Pores of -their
Bodies against the Winter's cold, their Hair being
naturally black, they make it more so, by oyling,
dying and dayly dressing, yet though they be very
curious about the Hair of their Heads, yet they
will not endure any upon their Chins, where it no
sooner grows but they take it out by the Roots,
counting it a spurious and opprobrious excrement:
Insomuch, that the Aberginians (see Note 21,) or
Northern Indians in New-England, call him an
English-man's Bastard, that hath but the appearance of a Beard; so that I leave it to the other
Sex:
Judicat ex mento non mente puella maritum.
Of their Apparel.
Notwithstanding the heat of parching Summers,
and the searching cold of piercing Winters, and
the tempestuous dashings of driving Rains, their
ordinary habit is a pair of Indian Breeches, like
Adam's Apron to cover that which modesty commands to be hid, which is a piece of Cloth about
a yard and a half long, put between their groins,
tied with a Snake's Skin about their middle, and
hanging down with a flap before, many of them
wear skins about them in fashion of an' Irish
Mantle and of these some be Bears Skins and
Rackoon Skins sewed or skuered together; but of
late years, since they trade with the English and
Dutch, they wear a sort of Blanket, which our
109




30               A TWO YEARS'
Merchants call Duffles, which is their Coat by
day and covering by night, I have heard of some
reasons given why they will not conform to our
English Apparel, viz. because their Women cannot wash them when they are soiled, and their
means will not reach to buy new, when they have
done with their old, therefore they had rather go
as they do, than be lowsie and make their bodies
more tender by a new acquired habit, but they
might be easily divested of these reasons, if they
were brought to live in. Houses and fix'd Habitations, as I shall shew hereafter. Though in their
habit they seem to be careless and indifferent, yet
they have an instinct of natural Pride, which appears in their circumstantial Ornaments, many of
them wearing Pendants at their Ears, and Porcu,
pine-quills through their Noses, impressing upon
several parts of their bodies Portraictures of Beasts
and Birds, so that were I to draw their Effigies it
should be after the pattern of the Ancient Britains,
called Picts from painting, and Britains from a
word of their own Language, Breeth, Painting or
Staining, as Isidore writes, with whom Mr. Cambden (see Note 22,) concurs; though Dr. Skinner
(see Note 23,) in his Etymologicon Onomasticon, a Bri. honor & Tain fluvius, Insula fluviis
nohilis: But to leave these Authors in their own
crictical ingenuity, I shall conclude this Chapter
with a general Sentiment of such Customs that by
these variety of Pictures depourtraicted in their
Bodies; they are either ambitious to illustrate and
set off their natural Symmetry, or to blazon their
110




JOURNAL IN NEW YORK.       31
Heraldy, which a certain Author calls Macculoso
Nobilitas: Or else to render them terrible and
formidable to all Strangers: or if we may conjecture out of that Rabbinical Critick the Oxford Gregory upon Cain's Thau, that according to the
natural Magicians and Cabbalists, Adam and the
rest of mankind in his right, had marks imprinted
upon them by the finger of God, which marks
were, pachad and chesed; the first to keep the
Beasts in awe of Men; the latter to keep Men in
love one with another. Whether there be any
remains of a traditional imitation in the Indian
World or not, I leave that and other conjectures
to the Readers diversion.
Of their Traffick, Money, and Diet.
They live principally by Hunting, Fishing and
Fowling.  Before the Christians especially the
Dutch came amongst them they were very dexterous Artists at their Bows, insomuch I have
heard it affirm'd that a Boy of seven years old
would shoot a Bird flying: and since they have
learn'd the use of Guns, they prove better marksmen than others, and more dangerous too (as
appear'd in the Indian War with New-England.)
The Skins of all their Beasts, as Bears, Bevers,
Rackoons, Foxes, Otters; Musquashes, Skunks,
Deer and Wolves, they bring upon their backs to
New-York, and other places of Trade, which they
barter and exchange for Duffles or Guns, but too
often for Rum, Brandy and other strong Liquors,
111




32            -A TWO YEARS'
of which they are so intemperate lovers, that after
they- have once tasted, they will never forbear, till
they are inflamed and enraged, even to that degree, that I have seen Men and their Wives Billingsgate it, through the Streets of New-York, as
if they were metamorphosed into the nature of
those beasts whose Skins they bartered: It were
seriously to be wished that the Christians would
be more sparing in the sale of that Liquor, which
works such dismal effects upon those who are for
gratifying their sensual Appetites: Being unacquainted with the comforts of Christian Temperance, and the elevated Doctrine of Self-denial and
Mortification.  They had better take to their
primitive Beverage of water, which some Vertuoso's tell us breed no Worms in the Belly nor Maggots in the Brain.
Their Money is called Wampam and Sea-want,
made of a kind of Cockle or Periwinkle-shell, of
which there is scarce any, but at Oyster-Bay.
They take the black out of the middle of theeshell
which they value as their Gold; they make their
White Wampam or Silver of a kind of a Horn,
which is beyond Oyster-bay:' The meat within
this horny fish is very good. They fashion both
sorts like beads, and String them into several
lengths, but the most usual measure is a Fathom;
for when they make any considerable bargain,
they usually say so many Fathom; So many black
or so many white Wampams make a farthing, a
penny, and so on: which Wampam or Indian
Money we valued above the Spanish or English
112




JOURNAL IN NEW YORK.       33
Silver in any Payments, because of trading with
the Indians in their own Coin. (See Note 24.)
The price of Indian Commodities as sold by the
Christian Merchants is as followeth.
s. d.
Bevers   -00-10-3 a Pound.
The Lapps — 00 —07-6
Minks    -00-05 -0
Grey Foxes-00-03- 0
Otters    -00-08-0
Rackoons -00-01-5
Bever is fifteen pence a Skin Custom at NewYork, four pence at London; three pence a Skin
Freight, which is after the rate of fifteen Pound a
Tun.
The value of other Skins, a Deer Skin 00-00-6
a p. A good Bear Skin will give 00-07-0. A
black Bever-skin is worth a Bever and a half of
another colour. A black Otter's-skin, if very good,
is worth Twenty Shillings. A Fisher's-skin three
shillings. A Cat's-skin half a Crown. A Wolf'sskin three shillings. A Musquash or a Muskrat'sskin six shillings and ten pence.  An Oxe-hide
three pence a pound wet and six pence dry. Rum
in Barbados ten pence a Gallon. Molossus three
pence a pound, and fifty shillings a barrel in winter, that being the dearest season. Sugar in Barbados twelve shillings the hundred which contains
a hundred and twelve pounds; which at NewYork yields thirty shillings the bare hundred. In
Barbados (new Negro's i. e. such as cannot speak
English) are bought for twelve or fourteen pound
5              113




34               A TWO YEARS'
a head, but if they can speak English sixteen or
seventeen pound; and at New-York, if they are
grown Men, they give thirty five and thirty or
forty Pound a head; (see Note 25,) where by the
by let me observe that the Indians look upon
these Negroes or Blacks as an anomalous Issue,
meer Edomites, hewers of Wood and drawers of
Water.
The Price of Provisions: Long Island Wheat
three shillings a Skipple (a Skipple being three
parts of a Bushel) Sopus Wheat half a Crown a
Skipple, Sopus Pease half a Crown a Skipple; Indian Corn Flower fifteen shillings- a hundred,
Bread 18 a hundred. To Barbados 50s. a Tun
freight, 4 Hogsheads to a Tun; Pork 31. the barrel,
which contains two hundred and 40 pounds, i. e.
3d. the pound; Beef 30s. the barrel; Butter 6d. a
Pound: amongst Provisions I may reckon Tobacco, of which they are obstinate and incessant
Smoakers, both Indians and Dutch, especially the
latter, whose Diet especially of the boorish sort,
being Sallets and Bacon, and very often picked
buttermilk, require the use of that herb to keep
their phlegm from coagulating and curdling. I
once saw a pretty instance relating to the power
of Tobacco, in two Dutchmen riding a race with
short campaigne Pipes in their mouths, one of
which being hurl'd from his Steed, as soon as he
gathered himself up again, whip'd to his Pipe, and
fell a sucking and drawing, regarding neither his
Horse nor Fall, as if the prize consisted in getting
that heat which came from his beloved smoke:
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JOURNAL IN NEW YORK.      35
They never burn their Pipes, but as soon as they
are out put them into their Pockets, and now and.then wash them. The Indians originally made
Pipes of Flint, and have some Pipes of Steel; they
take the leaves of Tobacco and rub them betwixt
their hands, and so smoke it; Tobacco is two
pence halfpenny a pound, a merchantable Hogshead contains four hundred pound neat; i. e. without the Cask. A. Dutch pound contains eighteen
ounces. Pipe staves are fifty shillings or three
pound a thousand, they are sent- from New-York
to the Madera Islands and Barbados, the best is
made of White Oak. Their best Liquors are Fiall,
Passado, and Madera Wines, the former are sweetish, the latter a palish Claret, very spritely and
generous, two shillings a.Bottle; their best Ale is
made of Wheat Malt, brought from Sopus and
Albany about threescore Miles from New-York by
water; Syder twelve shillings the barrel; their
quaffing liquors are Rum-Punch and Brandy-punch,
not compounded and adutlterated as in England,
but pure water and pure Nants.
The Indians Diet.
What they liv'd upon originally is hard to determine, unless we recur to St. John Baptist's
extemporary Diet in the Wilderness, for they may
be properly alled L'dgOtt, i. e. Inhabitants of the
Wood, so may be supposed to have had their
victus parabilis, food that wanted no dressing; but
stories of the first times being meerly conjectural,
115




36 A.  TWO YEARS'
I shall only speak what.I wrote down from the
best information. They have a tradition that their
Corn was at first dropt out of the mouth of a
Crow from the Skies; just as Adam de Marisco
(see Note 26,) was wont to call the Law of
Nature Helias's Crow, something flying from
Heaven with Provisions for our needs. They
dig their ground with a Flint, called in their
Language tom-a-hea-kan, (see Note 27,) and so
put five or six grains.into a hole the latter end of
April or beginning of May, their Harvest is in Oc-.
tober, their Corn grows like clusters of Grapes,
which they pluck or break off with their hands,
and lay it up to dry in a thin place, like unto our
Cribs made of reed; when its well dryed they
parch it, as we sprekle Beans and Pease, which is
both a pleasant and a hearty food, and of a prodigious encrease, even a hundred fold, which is
suppos'd as the highest degree of fruitfulness, which
often reminded me of the Marquess of Worcester's
(see Note 28,) Apophthogm of Christ's Miracle of.five Loves and two Fishes, viz. that as few grains
of Corn as will make five Loves being sowed in
the earth will multiply and increase to such ad-,
vantage as will feed 5000 with Bread, and two
Fishes will bring forth so many fishes as will
suffice so many mouths, and because such are so
-ordinary -amongst us every day, we take no notice
of themn: this Indian Corn is their qpnstant Viaticum in their travels and War. Their Squaws
or Wives and Female Sex manage their.Harvest,
whilest the Men Hunt and Fish, and.Fowl; of
116




JOURNAL IN NEW YORK.        37
which they bring all varieties to New-York, and
that so cheap that I remember a Venison bought
for three shillings; their Rivers are plentifully fur.
nish'd'with fish, as Place, Pearch, Trouts, Eels,
Bass and Sheepshead, the two last are delicate
Fish: They have. great store of wild-fowl, as
Turkeys, Heath-hens, Quails, Partridges, Pigeons,
Cranes, Geese, Brants, Ducks, Widgeon, Teal and
divers others: And besides their natural Diet, they
will eat freely with the Christians,. as I observed
once when we were at dinner at the Governor's
Table, a Sackamaker or King came in with several
of his Attendants, and upon invitation sat round
upon the Floor (which is their usual posture) and
-ate of such Meat as was sent from the Table:
amongst themselves when they are very hungry
they will eat their Dogs, which are but young
Wolves stolen from their damms, several of which
I have seen following them, as our Dogs here, but
they won't eat of our Dogs because they say we
feed them with salt meat, which none or but few
of the Indians love, for they had none before the.
Christians came: so unacquainted were they with
Acids: They are of opinion that when they have
ill success in their hunting, fishing, &c. their
Menitto is the cause of it, therefore when they
have good success they throw their fat into the
fire as a Sacrifice ingeminating Kenah Menitto,
i. e. I thank you Menitto; their Kin-tau Kauns,
(see Note 29,) or time of sacrificing is at the
beginning of winter, because then all things
are fat, where a great many Sacka-makers or
117




38               A TWO. YEARS)
Kings meet together, and Feast; every Nation
or Tribe has its Ka-kin-do-wet, (see Note 30,)
or Minister, and every Sacka-maker gives his
Ka-kin-do-wet 12 fathom of Wampam mixt, and
all that are able at that time throw down Wampam upon the ground for the Poor and Fatherless,
of whom they have a great many. Now I am
speaking of fishing and fowling it may not be inproper to add some thing about the art of catching
Whales, which is thus, two Boats with six Men
in each make a Company, viz. four Oars-men or
Rowers; an Harpineer and a Steers-man; about
Christmas is the season for Whaling, for then the
Whales come from the North-east, Southerly, and
continue till the latter end of March, and then
they return again; about the Fin is the surest part
for the Harpineer to strike: As soon as he is
wounded, he makes all foam, with his rapid violent Course, so that if they be not very quick in
clearing their main Warp to let him run upon the
tow, which is a line fastned to the Harping-iron
about 50 fathoms long, its a hundred to one he
over-sets the Boat: As to the nature of a Whale,
they copulate as Land-beasts, as is evident from
the female Teats and Male's Yard, and that they
Spawn as other Fishes is a vulgar error, Lam. 4. 3.
even the Sea monsters draw out the breast they
give suck to their young ones. For further its
observable that their young Suckers come along
with them their several courses. A Whale about
60 foot long having a thick and free Blubber may
yield or make 40 or 50 barrels of Oyl, every Barrel
-118




JOURNAL IN NEW YORK.       39
containing 31 or 32 Gallons at 20s. a Barrel, if it
hath a good large bone it may be half a Tun or a
Thousand weight, which may give 251. Sterling old
England Money. A Dubartus is a Fish of the shape
of a Whale, (see Note 31,) which have teeth where
the Whale has Bone, there are some 30 or 40 foot
long, they are call'd by some the Sea-Wolf, of them
the Whales are afraid, and do many times run
themselves ashore in flying from them, this is prov'd
by the Whalers who have seen them seize upon
them: the Blubber of the Whale will sometimes
be half a yard thick or deep, if the Blubber be not
fat and free, the Whale is call'd a Dry-skin; a
Scrag-tail Whale is like another, only somewhat
less, and his bone is not good, for itwill not split,
and it is of a mixt colour, their Blubber is as good
for the quantity as others: I never heard of any
Spermaceti Whales, either catch'd or driven upon
these Shores, which Sperma as they call it (in the
Bahama Islands) lies all over the body of these
Whales, they have divers Teeth which may be
about as big as a Man's wrist, which the ordinary
Whales have not, they are very strong, fierce and
swift, inlaid with Sinews all over their bodies.
But to leave this Leviathan to his pastime in the
deep, let us go a shore, and speak something'of the
nature of a Beaver, in hunting of which the Indians take great pains and pleasure; the Beaver
hath two sorts of Hair, one short soft and fine to
protect him from the cold, the other long and
thick,- to receive the dirt and mire, in which they
are often busie and employed, and to hinder it
119




40                A TWO YEARS'
from spoiling the skin; his teeth are of a peculiar
contexture, fit to cut boughs and sticks, with
which they build themselves houses, and lodgings
of several stories and rooms, to breed. their young
ones in: for which purpose nature hath also furnish'd them with such forefeet as exactly resemble
the feet of a Monkey, or the hands of a Man: their
hind-feet proper for swimming, being like those of
a Duck or Goose: As to the Castoreum or parts
conceived to be bitten away to escape the Hunter,.
is a vulgar conceit, more owing to Juvenal and
other poetical fancies than to any traditional truth,
or the Etymologies of some bad Gramarians, deriving Castore a castrando, whereas' the proper
Latin word is fiber, and castor, but borrowed from
the Greek, so called quasi yac'sto6, i. e. animal ventricosum, from his swaggy and prominent belly:
the particular account of which is in Dr. Brown's
(see Note 32,) Vulgar Errors: but to be short, the
bladders containing the'Castoreum are distinct
from the Testicles,or Stones, and are found in both
Sexes; with which when the Indians take any of
them they anoint their Traps or Gins which they
set for these Animals, to allure and draw them
hither.
As to the nature of Bears, their bringing forth
their young informous and unshapen, I wholly
refer you to Doctor Brown's said Vulgar Errors:
the substance of their legs is of a particular structure, of a thick fattish ligament, very good to eat,
and so the Indians say of their body, which.is
often their diet; when they hunt them, they com120




JOURNAL IN NEW YORK.       41
monly go two or three in company with Guns: for
in case one shoot and miss the Bear will make
towards them, so they shoot one after another to
escape the danger and make their Game sure:
But without Guns.or any Weapon except a good
Cudgel or Stick. I was one with others that have
had very good diversion and sport with them, in
an Orchard of Mr. John Robinson's of New-York;
(see Note 33), where we follow'd a Bear from Tree to
Tree, upon which he could swarm like a Cat; and
when he was got to his resting place, perch'd upon
a high branch, we dispatc'd a youth after him with
a Club to an opposite bough, who knocking his
Paws, he comes grumbling down backwards with
a thump upon the ground, so we after him again:
His descending backwards is a thing particularly
remarkable: Of which I never read any account,
nor know not to what defect in its structure to
impute it: unless to the want of the intestinum
ccecum, which is the fourth Gut from the Ventricle
or Stomach, and first of the thick Guts, which by
reason.of its divers infolds and turnings seems to'have no end, and for that reason perhaps called
ccecum or blind Gut,: which being thick may probably detain the meat in the belly, in a descending
posture: but these conjectures I wholly submit to
the anatomical faculty: Thed Indians seems to
have a great value for these animals, both for their
skins and carkase-sake, the one good meat, the
other good barter: And I may infer the same from
a present which my acquaintance, old Claus the
Indian, made me of a couple of well grown Bears
6             121




42               A TWO YEARS'
Cubs, two or three days before I took Shiping for
England, he thionking I. would have brought them
along with me, which present I accepted with a
great deal of Ceremony (as we must every thing
from their hands) and ordered my Negro boy about
12 years old to tye them under the Crib by my
Horse, and so left them to any ones acceptance
upon my going aboard: I brought over with mne a
Grey Squirrel, a Parret and a Rockoon, the first the;
Lady Sherard (see Note 31,) had some years at
Stapleford, the second, I left at London; the last I
brought along with me to Alford, where one Sunday
in Prayer time some Boys giving it Nutts, it was
choaked with a shell: It was by nature a very
curious cleanly Creature, never eating any thing
but first washed it with its forefeet very carefully:
the Parot was a pratling familiar bird, and diverting
company in my solitary intervals upon our Voyage
home. As I was talking with it upon the Quarter
Deck, by a sudden rowling of the Ship, down drops
Pall overboard into the Sea and cry'd out amain
poor Pall: The Ship being almost becalm'd,.a kind
Seaman threw out a Rope, and Pall seiz'd it with'
his Beak and came safe aboard again: This for
my own diversion. As the Serpent was the most
dangerous reptile in Paradise, so is the'Rattle
Snake in the W\ilderness. It has its name from
the configuration -of its skin, which consists of
several foldings which are all contracted dum latel
in herba, whilst it lies on the grass, or at the root
of some rotten Tree, from whence it often surprizes
the unwary traveller, and in throwing himself at
122




JOURNAL IN NEW YORK.       43
his legs: The dilating of these folds occasion a
rattling. Wherever it penetrates or bites it certainly
poysons: they are in their greatest vigour in July;
but the all-wise Providence which hath furnish'd
every Climate with antidotes proper for their distempers and annoyances, has afforded great plenty
of Penny-royal or Ditany, whose leaves bruised
are very hot and biting upon the Tongue, which
being tied in a clift of a long stick, and held to the
nose of a Rattle Snake, will soon kill it by the
smell and scent thereof; the vertues of this Plant
are so effectual, that we read by taking of it inwardly, or by outward application and by fume it
will expell a dead Child. And the juice of it applied to wounds made by Sword, or the biting of
venomous creatures is a present remedy: but besides this, I shall speak of another way of drawing
out the poyson of these Creatures, which is by
sucking of it out with their mouths, which one
Indian will do for another, or for any Christian so
poyson'd: A rare example of pure humanity, even
equal to that of the Lady Elenor, the Wife of
King Edward the first, who when her Husband
had three wounds given him with the poysoned
Knife of Anzazim the Saracen, two in the'Arm
and one near the Arm-pit, which by reason of the
envenom'd blade were fear'd to be mortal, and
when no Medicine could extradct the poyson, his
Lady did it with her Tongue, licking dayly while
her Husband slept, his rankling wounds, whereby
they perfectly clos'd, and yet her self receiv'd no
harm, so sovereign a medicine is a good Tongue,
123




44                A TWO YEARS'
beyond the attractive power of Cupping Glasses
and Cauteries. It were to be wish'd that where
Penny-royal or Dittany is scarce or unknown, that
every Country family understood the vertue of
Rue or Herb-a-grace, which is held as a preservative against infectious Diseases, and cures the
biting of a mad Dog or other venom, which would
be no invasion upon, or striving with the dispensatory of Pestal and Mortar, Still and Furnace;
which legal faculties and professions being established and encourag'd by the wise constitutions
of Governments, should not be interlop'd and undermin'd by persons of any other faculties, who
are too apt to add temporal Pluralities to their
spiritual Cures. Indeed it is a duty owing to human nature, to administer to and assist any one
i? forma pauperis, but to take a fee a reward or
gratuity from a Naaman or a person able to employ
the proper faculty, is to act the Gehazi, and not
the Prophet Elisha; Miles equis, piscator aquis, an 
hammer for the Smith, an Homer for the School,
let the Shooe-maker mind his Boot, and the Fisherman his Boat, the Divine his Sermon, and the
Doctor his Salmon. This digression I hope will
be taken as it's written with an impartial deference
to both professions: for as we are taught from
Jesus the Son of Sirach, to honor the physician for
his skill, and thekApothecary for his confections,
Ecclesiasticus chap. 38. 1. 8. so we are taught
from a greater than he, to honor and revere the
Doctors of souls, the holy Jesus the Son of God, for
their Spiritual Cures and Dispensatories: But to
124




JOURNAL IN NEW YORK.       45
return to the Indians, they have Doctors amongst
them, whom they call Me-ta-ow, (see Note 35,) to
whom every one gives something for there Cure,
but if they die nothing at all, and indeed their
skill in simples costs them nothing, their general
remedy for all diseases is their sweating: Which
is thus: when they find themselves any ways indisposed, they make a small Wigwam or House,
nigh a River-side, out of which in the extremity
of the Sweat they plunge themselves into the Water; about which I discoursed with one of their
Me-ta-ows, and told him of the European way of
Sweating in Beds, and rubbing our bodies with
warm cloths: to which he answered he thought
theirs the more effectual way: because the water
does immediately stop all the passages (as he call'd
the Pores) and at the same time wash off the excrementitious remainder of the Sweat, which he
thought could not be so clearly done by friction or
rubbing; which practice I leave to the consideration or rather diversion of the Physi'cians and
their Balneo's: but this experiment prov'd Epidemical in Small-Pox, by hindering them from
coming out. As to their way of living, it's very
rudely and rovingly, shifting from place to place,
according to their exigencies, and gains of fishing
and fowling and hunting, never confining their
rambling humors to any settled Mansions. Their
Houses which they call Wigwams are as so many
Tents or Booths covered with the barks of Trees,
in the midst of which they have their fires, about
which they sit in the day time, and lie in the
125




46               A TWO YEARS'
nights; they are so Saturnine that they love extremes either to sit still or to be in robustous motions, spending their time in drowsie conferences,
being naturally unenclin'd to ally but lusory pastimes and exercises; their Diet in general is raw
Flesh, Fish, Herbs, and Roots or such as the Elements produce without the concoction of the fire
to prepare it for their Stomachs; so their Horses
are of a hardy temperament, patient of hunger and 
cold, and in the sharp winter, when the ground is
cover'd with Snow, nourish themselves with the
barks of Trees, and such average and herbage as
they can find at the bottom of the Snow: But now
I am speaking of Horses, I never could be inform'd
nor ever did see an Indian to have been on Horseback: Of which there are great ranges runing wild
in the Woods, to which they pretend no right: but
leave them to the Dutch and English Chevaliers to
tame and manage; for which I often wondered there
were not cheif Rangers, and a Charta de Fotesta
to regulate such Games. When they travel by
water, they have small Boats, which they call
Canoes, made of the barks of Trees, so very narrow, that two can neither sit nor stand a breast,
and those they row. with long paddles, and that so
swiftly, that they'll skim away from a Boat with
four Oars, I have taken a particular pleasure in
plying these paddles, standing upright and steddy,
which is their usual posture for dispatch: In which
they bring Oysters and other fish for the Market:
they are so light and portable that a Man and his
Squaw will take them upon their Sholders and
126




JOURNAL IN NEW YORK.       41
carry them by Land from, one River to another,
with a wonderful- expedition; they will venture
with them':in.a dangerous Current, even through
Hell-gate it self, which lies in an arm of the Sea,
about ten miles from New-York Eastward to
New-Enrgland, as dangerous and as unaccountable
as the Norway Whirl-pool or Maelstrom: in this
Hell-gate which is a narrow passage, runneth a
rapid violent Stream both upon Flood and Ebb;
and in the middle lieth some Islands of Rocks,
upon which the Current sets so violently, that it
threatens present Shipwrack; and upon the Flood
is a large whirlpool, which sends forth a continual
hedious roaring; it is a place of great defence
against an Enemy coming that way, which a
small Fortification would absolutely prevent, by
forcing them to come in at the west-end of LongIsland by Sandy-Hook, where Nutten-Island would
force them within the command of the Fort of
New-York, which is'one of the strongest and best
situated Garrisons in the North parts of America,
and was never taken but once through the default
of one Captain Manning, who in absence of the Governour suffered the Dutch to take it; for which he
was condemned to an Exile to'a small Island from
his name, call'd Manning's Island, where I have
been several times with the said Captain, whose
entertainment was commonly a Bowl of RumPunch.' (See Note 36.) In deep. Snows the Indians
with broad Shoos much in the shap of the round
part of our Rackets which we use at Tennis: will
travel without sinking in the least: at other times
127




48                A TWO YEARS'
their common ordinary Shooes are parts of raw
Beasts-skins tied about their feet: when they travel, for directing others who follow them, they lay
sticks across, or leave some certain mark on Trees.
Now I am speaking of the Indian Shooes, I cannot
forbear acquainting the Reader that I seldom or
never observ'd the Dutch Women wear any thing
but Slippers at home and abroad, which often reminded me of what I read in Dr. Hamond (see Note
37,) upon the 6th of Ephesians, N. B. that the iEgyptian Virgins were not permitted to wear Shooes, i. e.
not ready to go abroad: like the custom among
the Hebrews, whose womnen were call'd LtxOElt,
donzi portee and otxtapraal home-setters and 6itxapctxa
house bearers, the Heathen painted before the modest women's doors Venus sitting upon a Snail,
quce domi porta vocatur, called a House bearer, to
teach them to stay at home, and to carry their
Houses about with them. So the Virgins were
called' by the Hebrews Gnalamoth, absconditve,
hid, and the places of their abodes capOrvcovat,
celke Virginales, Virgins Cells. Contrary to these
are Whores Pro. 7. II. her feet abide not in her
house, therefore the Chaldees call her Niphcathhara going abroad, and an Harlot the Daughter
of an Harlot, egredientem filiam egredientis, a goer
forth, the Daughter of a goer forth; and when
Dinah went out to see the Daughters of the Land,
and was ravish'd by Sichem: Simeon and Levi
cry out, should he deal with our Sister as with an
Harlot, which the Targum renders, an sicut exeuntem foras: They have another custom differing
128




JOURNAL IN NEW YORK.        49
from other Nations. They feast freely and merrily at the Funeral of any Friend, to which I have
been often invited and sometimes a Guest, a custom derived from the Gentiles to the latter Jews,
according to which says Josephus of Archelaus,
hle mourned seven days for his Father, and made
a sumptuous Funeral Feast for the multitude, and
he adds that this custom was the impoverishing
of many Families among the Jews, and that upon
necessity, for if a Man omitted it, he was accounted
no pious Man. The Dutch eat and drink very
plentifully at these Feasts; but I do not remember
any Musick or Minstrels, or monumentarii choraulk mentioned by Apuleius, or any of the Musick
mentioned by Ovid defastis.
Cantabis mcestis tibia funeribus.
So that perhaps it may be in imitation of David's
example, who as soon as his child was dead,
wash'd and anointed himself and ate his bread as
formerly, 2 Sam. 12. 20. In all these Feasts I
observ'd they sit Men and Women intermixt, and
not as our English do Women and Men by themselves apart. (See Note 38.)
Of the Indians Marriages and Burials,
When an Indian has a mind to a woman (asking the consent of Parents) he gives her so many
Fathom of Wampam according to his ability, then
his betrothed covers her face for the whole year
before she is married, which put me in mind of
Rebekah, who took a veil and covered her self
7              129




50               A TWO YEARS'
when she met Isaac, Gen. 24. 65. which veil (saith
Tertullian de velandis virginibus) was a token of her
modesty and subjection. The Husband doth not
lie with his Squaw or Wife, whilst the Child has
done Sucking, which is commonly two years, for
they say the Milk will not be good if they get
Children so fast. They bury their friends sitting
upon their heels as they usually sit, and they put
into their graves with them a Kettle, a Bow and
Arrows, and a Notas or Purse of Wampam; they
fancy that after their death they go to the Southward, and so they take their necessaries along
with them; or perhaps like the uncircumcis'd in
Ezek. 32. 27. who went down to the Grave with
Weapons of War, and laid their Swords under
their heads, the ensigns of Valor and Honor: as
tho they would carry their strength to the grave
with them, contrary to that of the Apostle, it is
sown a weak body, 1 Cor. 15. They mourn over
their dead commonly two or three days before
they bury them: they fence and stockado their
graves about, visiting them once a year, dressing
the weeds from them, many times they plant a
certain Tree by their Graves which keeps green
all the year: They all believe they shall live as
they do now, and think they shall marry, but must
not work as they do here; they hold their Soul or
Spirit to be the breath of Man: They have a Tradition amongst them that about five hundred years
agoe, a Man call'd (Wach que ow) came down
from above, upon a Barrel's-head, let down by a
Rope, and lived amongst them sixty years, who
130




JOURNAL IN NEW YORK.       51
told them he came from an happy place, where
there were many of their Nations; and so he left
them. And they have another Tradition-of one
Meco Nish, who had lain as dead sixteen days, all
which time he was unburied, because he had a
little warmth about his breast, and after sixteen
days he lived again, in which interval he told
them he had been in a fine place where he saw
all that had been dead. Such Traditions as these
ought to be lookt upon by the Professors of Christianity, as the Epileptick half moon Doctrine of
that grand Enthusiast Mahomet, beyond whose
Tomb hanging in the air his Superstitious Arabians
are not able to lift their minds to the Kingdom of
Heaven: So that the Mahometans Tomb and the
Indians Tub may stand upon the same bottom, as
to their Credit and Tradition: and: the Indians
after their rising again to the Southward shall
Marry, Eat and Drink, may plead as fair for them
as the Mahometans earthly Paradise of Virgins
with fairer and larger eyes than ever they beheld
in this world, and such like sensual enjoyments,
~which its even a shame to mention: or the Jews
worldly Messiah, who ought all to be tthe dayly
objects of our Christian prayers and endeavours for
their Conversion, that they may believe and obtain a
better Resurrection, even the Necutmah (see Note
39,) the day of Consolation, when we shall be so
wonderfully changed as to be fit Companions for
Angels, and reign with our Saviour in his Glory,
who -only hath the words of eternal life. In- order
to which I shall endearour to offer-some proposals
131




52               A TWO YEARS'
in a Second Part, de propaganda fide; and so conclude this with some mixt occasional observations,
with all due respects to some modern Criticks:
Whether Adam or Eve sewed their fig-leave together with needle and thread is not my business
to be so nice as rein istam acu tatngere: But this I
am:well inform'd of, That the Indians, make
thread of Nettles pill'd when full ripe, pure white
and fine,'and likewise another sort of brownish
thread of a small weed almost like a Willow, which
grows in the Wood, about three foot high, which is
called Indian Hemp, of which they likewise make
Ropes and bring them to sell, which wears as strong
as our Hemp, only it wont endure wet so well, of
this they make their Baggs, Purses or Sacks which
they call Notas, which word signifies a Belly, (see
Note 40,) and so they call any thing that's hollow to carry any thing. Their work is weaving
with their fingers, they twist all their thread upon
their Thighs, with the palm of their hands, they
interweave their Porcupine quills, into their baggs,
their Needles they make of fishes or small beast
bones, and before the Christians came amongst
them, they had Needles of Wood, for which Nutwood was esteemed best, called Urn-be-re-makqua, their Axes and Knives they made of white
Flint-stones; and with a Flint they will cut down
any tree as soon as a carpenter with a Hatchet,
which experiment was tried of late years by one
Mr. Crabb of Alford in Lincolnshire, for a considerable wager, who cut down a large Tree with a flint,
handled the Indian way, with an unexpected art
132




JOURNAL IN NEW YORK.       53
and quickness. They make their Candles of the same
wood that the Masts of Ships are made of, which
they call Woss-ra-neck. (See Note 41.) Thus far ot
the Indians, in this first part, which were part of my
own personal observations, and other good informations from one Claus an Indian, otherwise called
Nicholas bythe English, but Claus by the Dutch,
with whom I was much acquainted, and likewise
from one Mr. John Edsal the constant Interpreter
betwixt the Governor and the Indians, and all
others upon all important affairs, who was my intimate acquaintance, and his Son my Scholar and
Servant, whose own hand-w'riting is in many of
my Memoriats: One thing I had almost forgot, i.
e. when the Indians look one another's Heads
they eat the Lice and say they are wholesome,
never throwing any away or killing them: In a
word as they have a great many manly instincts
of nature, so I observed them very civil and respectful both in their behaviour and entertainment;
I cannot say that ever I met any company of them,
which I frequently did in my walks out of the
Town, but they would bow both Head and Knee,
saying here comes the Sacka-maker's Kakin-dowet, i. e. the Governours Minister, whom I always
saluted again with all due ceremony.  They are
faith-guides in the woods in times of Peace, and
as dangerous enemies in times of War. Their
way of fighting is upon Swamps, i. e. Bogs and
Quagmires, in sculking Ambushes, beyond Trees
and in Thickets, and never in a body. When they
intend War they paint their faces black, but red
133




54               A TWO'YEARS8
is the sun-shine of Peace. There are several Nations which may be more properly called Tribes
of Indians.
Rockoway upon the South of Jamaica upon
Long-Island, the 1.
Sea-qua-ta-eg, to the South of Huntingdon, the 2.
Unckah-chau-ge, Brooke-haven, the 3.
Se-tauck, Seatauchet North, the 4.
Ocqua-baug, South-hold to-the North, the 5.
Shin-na-cock, Southampton, the greatest Tribe,
the 6.
Mun-tauck, to the Eastward of East-Hampton,
the 7.
All these are Long-Island Indians. (See Note
42)
The Tribes which are Friends.
Top-paun, the greatest, which consists of an
hundred and fifty fighting young Men. It's- call'd
the greatest because they have the greatest Sachim
or Sacka-maker, i. e. King, whose name is Maimshee.
The Second is Ma-nissing, which lies westward
from Top-paun, two days Journey; it consists of
three hundred fighting Men, the Sacka-makers
name is called Taum-ma-hau-Quauk.
The Third, Wee-quoss-c'ah-chau. i. e. Westchester Indians, which consists of seventy fighting
Men, the Sacka-makers name is Wase-sa-kin-now.
The Fourth, Na-ussin, or Neversinks, a Tribe of
very few, the Sacka-makers name is Onz-zeech.
134




JOURNAL IN NEW YORK.       55
May the lover of Souls bring these scattered
desert people home to his own Flock.
To return from the Wilderness into New-York,
a place of as sweet and agreeable air as ever I
breathed in, and the Inhabitants, both English and
Dutch very civil and courteous as I may speak by
experience, amongst whom I have often wished
my self and Family, to whose tables I was frequently invited, and always concluded with a
generous bottle of Madera. I cannot say I observed any swearing or quarrelling, but what was
easily reconciled and recanted by a mild rebuke,
except once betwixt two Dutch Boors (whose
usual oath is Sacrament) which abateing the
abusive language, was no unpleasant Scene. As
soon as they met (which was after they had
alarm'd the neighbourhood) they seized each
other's hair with their forefeet, and down they
went to the Sod, their Vrows and Families crying
out because they could not part them, which fray
happening against my Chamber window, I called
up one of my acquaintance, and ordered him to
fetch a kit full of water and discharge it at them,
which immediately cool'd their courage, and
loosed their grapples: so we used to part our Mastiffs in England. In the same City of New-York
where I was Minister to the English, there were
two other Ministers or Domines as they were
called there, the one a Lutheran a German or
High-Dutch, the other a Calvinist an Hollander
or Low-Dutchman, who behav'd themselves one
towards another so shily and uncharitably as if
135




56               A TWO YEARS'
Luther and Calvin had bequeathed and entailed
their virulent and bigotted Spirits upon them and
their heirs forever They had not visited or spoken
to each other with any respect for six years together before my being there, with whom I being
much acquainted, I invited them both with their
Vrows to a Supper one night unknown to each
other, with an obligation, that they should not
speak. one word in Dutch, under the penalty of a
Bottle of Medera, alledging I was so imperfect in
that Language that we could not manage a sociable discourse, so accordingly they came, and at
the first interview they stood so appaled as if the
Ghosts of Luther and Calvin had suffered a transmigration, but the amaze soon went off with a
salve tu quoque, and a Bottle of Wine, of which the
Calvinist Domine was a true Carouzer, and so we
continued our Mensaliac  the whole meeting in
Latine, which they both spoke so -fluently and
promptly that I blush'd at my self with a passionate regret, that I could not keep pace with them;
and at the same time could not forbear reflecting
upon our English Schools and Universities (who
indeed write Latine Elegantly) but speak it, as if
they were confined to Mood and Figure, Forms,
and Phrases, whereas it should be their common
talk.in their Seats and Halls, as well as in their
School Disputations, and Themes. This with all
deference to these repositories of Learning. As to
the Dutch Language in which I was but a smlatterer, I think it lofty, majestic and emphatical,
especially the German or High-Dutch, which as
136




JOURNAL IN NEW YORK.       57
far as I understand it is very expressive in the
Scriptures, and so underived that it may take place
next the Oriental Languages, and the Septuagint:
The name of the Calvinist was Newenhouse, (see
Note 43), of the Lutheran Bernhardus Frazius, who
was of a Gentile Personage, and a very agreeable
behaviour in conversation, I seldom knew of any
Law-suits, for indeed Attorneys were denyed the
liberty of pleading: The English observed one
anniversary custom, and that without superstition,
I mean the streinarum commercium, as Suetonius calls
them, a neighbourly commerce of presents every
New-Years day.
Totus ab auspicio, ne foret annus iners. Ovid..
Fastor.
Some would send me a Sugar-loaf, some a pair
of Gloves, some a Bottle or two of Wine. In a
word, the English Merchants and Factors (whose
names are at the beginning) were very unanimous
and obliging. There was one person of Quality, by
name Mr. Russel, (see Note 44,) younger brother to
the late Lord Russel, a gentleman of a comely Personage, and very obliging, to whose lodgings I was
often welcome: But I suppose his Fortune was that
of a younger Brother according to Henry the VIII's.
Constitution, who abolished and repealed the Gavelkind custom, whereby the Lands of the Father
were equally divided among all his Sons, so that
ever since the Cadets or younger Sons of the English Nobility and Gentry, have only that of the
Poet to bear up their Spirits.
8             137




58               A TWO YEARS',
Sum paupers non culpa mea est, sed culpa parentum
Qui mefratre mneo non genuere prius.
In my rude English rhiming thus.
I'm poor (my dad) but that's no fault of mine,
If any fault there be, the fault is thine,
Because thou did'st not give us Gavelkine.
The Dutch in New-York observe this custom, an
instance of which I remember in one Frederick Philips (see Note 45,) the richest Miin Heer in that
place, who was said to have whole Hogsheads of
Indian Money or Wampam, who having one Son
and Daughter, I was admiring what a heap of
Wealth the Son would enjoy, to which a Dutch
Man replied, that the Daughter must go halves, for
so was the manner amongst them, they standing
more upon Nature than Names; that as the root
communicates it self to all its branches, so should
the Parent to all his off-spring which are the Olive
branches round about his Table. And if the case.
be so, the minors and infantry of the best Families
might wish they had been born in Kent, rather
than in such a Christendom as entails upon them
their elder Brother's old Cloths, or some superannuated incumber'd reversion, but to invite both
elder and younger Brothers to this sweet Climate
of New-York, when they arrive there, if they are
enclined to settle a Plantation, they may purchase
a tract of ground at a very small rate, in my time
at two-pence or three pence the Acre, for which
they have a good Patent or Deed from the Governor. Indeed its all full of Wood, which as it
lag




JOURNAL IN NEW YORK.        59
Will require some years' before it be fit for use, so
the burning of it does manure and meliorate the
Soil; if they be for Merchandice, they pay for
their freedom in New-York but fix Bevers or an
equivalent in Money, i. e. three pounds twelve
shillings, and seventeen shillings Fees: And
Goods that are brought over commonly return
cent. per cent. i. e. a hundred pounds laid out in
London will commonly yield or afford 200 pounds
there. Fifty per cent is looked upon as an indifferent advance, the species of payment and cerdit
or trust is sometimes hazardous, and the Commodities of that Country will yield very near as much
imported into England, for three and forty pounds
laid out in Bever and other Furrs, when I came
away, I received about four-score in London;
indeed the Custom upon the skins is high, which
perhaps might raise it to eight and forty pounds,
or fifty; as for what I had occasion, some things
were reasonable, some dear. I paid for two load
of Oats in the straw 18 shillings to one Mr. Henry
Dyer: to the same for a load of Pease-straw six
shillings: paid to Thomas Davis for shooing my
Horse three shillings, for in that place Horses are
seldom, some not shod at all, their Hoofs by running in the woods so long before they are backed
are like Flints: Paid to Derick, i. e. Richard Secah's Son for a load of Hay twelve shillings: Paid
to Denys Fisher's Son a Carpenter, for two days
work in the Stable eight shillings: for a Curry
Comb and Horse-brush four shillings: to Jonathan
the Barber 11. 4s. the year: to the Shoo-maker for
139




60               A TWO YEARS'
a pair of Boots and Shooes 11. 5s. to the Washerwoman or Laundress II. 5s. 6d. the Year. So all
Commodities and Trades are dearer or cheaper
according to the plenty of importation from England and other parts: The City of New-York in
ny time was as large as some Market Towns with
us, all built the London way; the Garrison side of
a high situation and a pleasant Prospect, the Island
it stands on all a level and Champain; the diversion especially in the Winter season used by the
Dutch is aurigation, i. e. riding about in Wagons
which is allowed by Physicians to be a very
healthful exercise by Land.'And upon the Ice its
admirable to see Men and Women as it were flying
upon their Skates from place to place, (see Note 46),
with Markets upon their Heads and Backs. In a
word, it's a place so every way inviting that our
English Gentry, Merchants and Clergy (especially
such as have the natural Stamina of a consumptive
propagation in them; or an Hypocondriacal Consumption) would flock thither for self preservation.
This I have all the reason to affirm, and believe
from the benign effectual influence it had upon
my own constitution; but oh the passage, the
passage thither, hic labor, hoc opus est: there is the
timorous objection: the Ship may founder by
springing a Leak, be wreckt by a Storm or taken
by a Pickeroon: which are plausible pleas to flesh
and blood, but if we would examine the bills of
mortality and compare the several accidents and
diseases by the Land, we should find them almost
a hundred for one to what happens by Sea, which
140




JOURNAL IN NEW YORK.       61
deserves a particular Essay, and if we will believe
the ingenious Dr. Carr in his Epistola? Medicinales,
there is an Emetick Vomitory vertue in the Seawater it self, which by the motion of the Ship
operates upon the Stomach and ejects whatever is
offensive, and so extimulates and provokes or recovers the appetite, which is the chiefest defect in
such Constitutions: and besides, there is a daily
curiosity in- contemplating the wonders of the
Deep, as to see a Whale wallowing and spouting
cataracts of Water, to see the Dolphin that hieroglyphick of celerity leaping above water in chase
of the flying fish, which I have sometimes tasted
of as they flew aboard, where they immediately
expire out of their Element; and now and then to
hale up that Canibal of the Sea, I mean the Shark,
by the bate of a large gobbet of Beef or Pork; who
makes the Deck shake again by his flapping violence, and opens his devouring mouth with double
rows of teeth, in shape like a Skate or Flare as we
call them in Cambridge; of which dreadful fish I
have often made a meal at Sea, but indeed it was
for want of other Provisions. When I came for England in a Quaker's Ship, whose Master's name was
Heathcot; (see Note 47,) who, when he had his
plum Broths, I and the rest were glad of what Providence sent us from day to day, our water and other
Provisions, which he told us upon going aboard were
fresh and newly taken in, were before we arrived
in England so old and nauseous that we held our
noses when we used them, and had it not been for
a: kind Rundlet of Medera Wine, which the Go141




62               A TWO YEARS1
vernor's Lady presented me with, it had gone
worse: but such a passage: may not happen once
in a hundred times; for as I went from England
to New-York, I faired very plentifully both with
fresh and season'd meat, & good drink, Sheep
killed according to our occasion, and likewise
Poultry coop'd up and corn'd and cram'd, which
made the common Sea men so long for a novelty,
that as I went down betwixt Decks I observ'd two
Terpaulins tossing something in a Blanket, and
being very inquisitive they told me they were
roasting a Cockerill, which was by putting a redhot Bullet into it after it was trust, which would
fetch all the Feathers off and roast well enough
for their Stomachs, at which I smiling went again
above-deck, and made it a publick and pardonable
diversion; but as to the Sharks, as our Ship was
one day becalm'd, and four of our Seamen for diversion Swimming about the Vessel, we on board
espied two or three of them making towards their
prey, we all shouted and made what noise we
could, and scared them (tho with much ado) from
seizing the Men, whilst we drew them up by ropes
cast out; when they are sure of their prey they
turn themselves upon their backs & strike their
Prey, but in case a Man has the courage to face
them in swimming they make away, so awful is
the aspect of that noble animal Man: but suppose
his Coutrage or his Strength fails him, and he becomes a prey to any of the watry host, what difference betwixt being eaten by fish or by worms
at the Christian Resurrection, when the Sea must
142A




JOURNAL IN NEW YORK.        63
give up its Dead, and our scattered parts be recollected into the same form again; but to conclude
all with an Apophthegm of the Lord Bacon's, viz.'One was saying that his Great-Grand-father'Grand-father and Father died at Sea. Said an-'other that heard him, and as I were you, I would'never come to Sea; why saith he, where did'your Great-Grand-father and Ancestors die? he'answered where but in their Beds, saith the'other, and I were as you I would never go to Bed.
But for all this I durst venture a knap in a Cabbin
at Sea, or in a Hammock in the Woods. So
Reader a good Night.
Opere in tantofas est obrepere somnum.
F I NI S.
143








NOTES,
Note 1, page 21.
The good ship Blossom belonged to Charlestown, Mass., and was one of the
" regular traders " of those days. We find that Sir Robert Carr returned to
England from New York in 1667, in a vessel commanded by Captain Martin.
Shortly after her arrival at New York with Gov. Andros, Robert Swet her
boatswain ran away, and a " hue and cry" was sent after him from the office
of the Provincial Secretary to Long Island and " The Maine." The Blossom
cleared from New York for England on the 14th October, 1678, with the following passengers: Edward Griffith, John Delaval, Abram Depeyster, Jacques
Guyon, Thomas Mollineux, Mrs. Mary Vervangher, Mrs. Frances Lowden,
Mrs. Charity Clarke, Mrs. Rachel Whittlhill her sister, Barent Reinderts, wife
and five children, and Levynus Van Schaick; and carried back the governor's
despatches. We lose sight of the good vessel now until the 6th of July, 1681,
when she again arrived in New York, from which port she cleared for the Medeiras on the 1st of September following, still under the command of Capt.
Richard Martin. On the 28th September, 1683, she cleared for Boston from
New York; arrived at Amboy, N. J., from England, on the 15th February,
1684-5, and cleared at New York for Barbadoes on the 6th of June, 1685. From
1691 to 1701 we find the " pinke " Blossom a regular trader between the island
of Barbadoes and New York, but under another commander.-N. Y. State Rec.
Note 2, page 21.
Sir EDMUND ANDROS, Knight, Seigneur of Sausmarez, was born in London 6th
December, 1637. His ancestors were from Northamptonshire. John Andros,
the first of them connected — ith Guernsey, was Lieutenant to Sir Peter Meautis,
the Governor, and married, in 1543, Judith de Sausmarez, the heiress, who
brought the fief Sausmarez into the family. Their son, John, became a King's
ward, in the custody of Sir Leonard Chamberlain, the Governor, during a long
minority, and appears as a Jurat of the Royal court at the coming of the Royal
Commissioners in 1582. The grandson, Thomas, also a Jurat, was LieutenantGovernor, under Lord Carew, in 1611. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Amice
de Carteret, Seigneur of Winsby Manor in Jersey, and Lieutenant-Governor
and Bailiff of Guernsey, and had many children. Amice, father of Sir Edmund,
9                      145




66                            NOTES.
was the eldest son, and married Elizabeth Stone, sister of Sir Robert Stone,
Knight, Cupbearer to the Queen of Bohemia, and captain of a troop of horse in
Holland; he was Master of the Ceremonies to King Charles the First when his
son Edmund was born, who was brought up from a boy in the Royal family,
and in its exile commenced his career of arms in Holland, under Prince Henry
of Nassau. Upon the restoration of Charles the Second in 1660, the inhabitants
of Guernsey thought it right to petition for pardon for having submitted to
Cromwell. On the 13th August, an Order in Council was issued granting said
pardon, but declaring, at the same time, that Amice Andros of Sausmarez,
Bailiff of said Island, Edmund his son, and Charles, brother of Amice, had, to
their great credit during the late Rebellion, continued inviolably faithful to his
Majesty, and consequently, have no need of being comprised in the general
pardon. To reward his loyalty, Edmund was made Gentleman in Ordinary to
Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia, the King's aunt, noted for the vicissitudes
of her life, and as having given an heir to the House of Hanover; her daughter,
Princess Sophia, being the mother of George the First. He subsequently distinguished himself in the war waged by Charles the Second against the Dutch,
and which ended in 1667. He married in 1674, Mary, daughter of Sir Thomas
Craven, a sister of Sir W. Craven, of Appletreewick in Yorkshire, and of Combe
Abbey in Warwickshire, Knight, heir in reversion to the Barony of Craven of
Hampsted Marshall. On 2d April, 1672, a regiment of dragoons, raised for the
King's cousin, Prince Rupert, was directed to be armed "with the bayonet or
great knife;" this being its first introduction into the English army. Major
Andros was promoted to this regiment, and the four Barbadoes companies then
under his command, were advanced to be troops of horse in it. (Origin and
Services of the Coldstream Guards, by Col. Mlackinnon.) In the same year, the
proprietors of the Province of Carolina, by patent in the Latin language, dated
23d April, under their great seal and hands, and making allusion to his services
and merits, conferred on him and his heirs the title and dignity of Landgrave,
with four Baronies containing 48.000 acres of land at a quit-rent of a penny an
acre. The distinction bestowed by the proprietors, honorable as it was, does
not appear to have been otherwise beneficial, and neither he nor his heirs, it is
believed, at any time derived advantage from the large quantity of land annexed to the dignity. In 1674, on the death of his father, he became Seigneur
of the Fiefs and succee.ed to the office of Bailiff of Guernsey, the reversion to
which had been granted him. The war which had recommenced with the
Dutch having terminated, his regiment was disbanded, and he was commissioned by the King to receive New York and its dependencies, pursuant to the
treaty of peace, and constituted Governor of that Province. He arrived in this
country, accompanied by his wife, on the 1st of November, 1674, and entered
on the government on the 10th of that month. He returned to England in
November, 1677, and was Knighted by Charles the Second in 1678, when he
resumed his government, the affairs of which he continued to administer until
146




NOTES.                             67
January, 1681 (N. S. ), when he repaired, by order, to England, and in 1682 was
sworn Gentleman of the King's Privy Chamber. In the following year, the
Island of Alderney was granted to him and- Lady Mary Andros, for ninety-nine
years, at a rent of thirteen shillings, and in 1685 he was made Colonel of her
Royal Highness Princess Anne of Denmark's regiment of horse. In 1686, James
the Second appointed him Governor, Captain-General and Vice-Admiral of
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Maine, New Plymouth and certain dependent
territories, and soon afterwards, in addition, of Rhode Island and o Connecticut, comprehending the whole of New England. He arrived at Nantasket in
the Kingfisher, 50, on the 19th December, 1686, and was received, a few days
after, in Boston " with great acclamation of joy."  (Cambridge Almanac, 1687.)
On the 7th April, 1688, New York and New Jersey were placed under his
jurisdiction. In the month of September following, he held a Treaty with the
Five Nations of Indians at Albany, and a few weeks after returned to Boston,
where he had the misfortune to lose his wife in the forepart of the following
year. Her Ladyship was buried by torchlight, the corpse having been carried
from the Governor's residence to the South Church, in a hearse drawn by six
horses, attended by a suitable guard of honor. In the administration of his
government, Sir Edmund Andros failed not to become unpopular, and on the
18th April, 1689, shortly after the receipt of the news of the Revolution, he was
deposed and-imprisoned, and sent back to England in 1690. He continued, notwithstanding, in the favor of the Court, and in 1692 William the Third preferred him to the governorship of Virginia, to which was adjoined that of
Maryland. Governor Andros brought over to Virginia the Charter of William
and Mary's College, of which he laid the foundation. He encouraged manufactures and the cultivation of cotton in that Colony, regulated the Secretary's office, where he commanded all the public papers and records to be
sorted and kept in order, and when the State House was burnt, had them carefully preserved and again sorted and registered. By these and other commendable acts, he succeeded in gaining the esteem of the people, and in all
likelihood would have been still more useful to the Colony had his stay been
longer, but his administration closed in November, 1698. (Beverly's Virginia,
I, 37; Oldmixon, I, 396-398.) In 1704, under Queen Anne, he was extraordinarily distinguished by having the government of Guernsey bestowed upon
him, which he held for'two years; he continued Bailiff until his death, and
was empowered to appoint his Lieutenant-Bailiff, who was likewise authorized
to name a deputy. Sir Edmund Andros was married three times. The second
wife was of the family of Crispe, which, like his own, had been attached to
the Royal house in its necessities. He closed his eventful life in the parish of
St. Anne, Westminster, without issue, in February, 1713 (0. S.), in his 76th
year.-N. Y. Colonial Documents, II, 740.
147




68                            NOTES.
Note 3, Page 21.
WILLIAM PINHORNE had been a resident of New York previous to this time,
and this was his return voyage from England. In May, 1683, he became the purchaser of the garden previously called Lovelace's Garden-house, in Broadway,
N. Y., for which he paid the sum of forty pounds sterling. On the grant of a
charter tothe city by Governor Dongan, Mr. Pinhorne was named Alderman
for the East Ward, andcwas elected Speaker of the Assembly which met in
October, 1685. On the appointment of Sloughter to the government of New
York, Mr. Pinhorne was named one of his Council, and subsequently member
of the special commission which tried and condemned Leisler. In March, 1691,
we find him appointed Recorder of the city of New York, and on the 5th May
following, fourth justice of the Supreme Court of the Province. He held the
office of Recorder until September 1, 1692, when he was removed from that,
and his place in the Council, on account of non-residence. On 22d March, 1693,
he became second justice of the Supreme Court, and having returned to the
city of New York, was restored to his seat in the Council on 10th of June of the
last mentioned year. Whilst in this situation he succeeded in securing for
himself and others, an extravagant grant of land on the Mohawk river, west of
Fort Hunter, fifty miles long and two miles on each side the river, at the rent
of one beaver skin for the first seven years, and five beaver skins yearly for ever
thereafter. But Lord Bellomont having arrived in 1698, power passed into
the hands of the Leisler party, and Mr. Pinhorne was suspended, on the 7th
June, from his offices of judge and councillor, on a charge of having " spoke
most scandalous and reproachful words " of the King. This was followed in
the course of the next year by an Act vacating his extravagant grant on the
Mohawk. He now retired to his plantation on Snake Hill, on Hackensack
-river, N. J., and was next appointed second judge of the Supreme Court of
that Province, of the Council of which he was also a member, and took his seat
on the bench at Burlington in November, 1704. Here he shared all the obloquy
which attached to his son-in-law, Chief Justice Mompesson. LieutenantGovernor Ingoldesby having been removed from office, on the earnest application of the people, was succeeded by Mr. Pinhorne, who was at that time president of the Council, and who now exercised the power of commander-in-chief.
The latter was superceded on the 10th June, 1710, by the arrival of Governor
Hunter, and the Assembly soon after demanding his removal from all places
of trust in the Province, he was dismiss; d in 1713. He died towards the close
of 1719. Judge Pinhorne was married to Mary, daughter of Lieutenant-Governor Ingoldesby, in virtue of whose will (dated 31 August, 1711), she and
her children, Mary and John, became patentees of'lands in the towns of Cornwall and New Windsor, Orange county, N. Y.-N. Y. Colonial Does., 1II, 716.
148




NOTES.                             69
Note 4, Page 21.
JAMES GRAHAM was a native of Scotland, and is found a resident merchant
of the city of New York as early as July, 1678, and a few years later, proprietor
of lands in Ulster county, Staten Island, and in New Jersey. He succeeded
Mr. Rudyard as Attorney-General of the Province of New York, on 10th of December, 1685, and was sworn of the Council-on the 8th of October, 1687. When
the government of New England and New York were consolidated by James II,
Mr. Graham removed to Boston as Attorney-General to Andros, the odium of
whose government he shared, and on whose downfall he was committed to
the castle. He returned to New York in 1691, where his enemies assert that
he insinuated himself into the confidence of Leisler and his friends, so as to
procure their interest to be chosen member of the Assembly, of which he was
afterwards elected Speaker. He became, soon after, the mortal enemy of Leisler and Mllborne, of whose murder he is charged, by his adversaries, with
being " the principal author." Thomas Newton, Sloughter's Attorney-General,
having left the Province in April, 1691, disapproving, probably, of the harsh
measures of the government towards the state prisoners, George Farewell was
appointed to act in his place; but this appointment not being satisfactory to
the Assembly, Mr. Graham became again Attorney-General in the following
May. He was about nine years Speaker of the Assembly, i. e., from 1691-1694;
1695-1698, and a part of 1699, when the friends of Leisler being in a majority,
th#'House voted a bill of indictment, in the shape of a remonstrance, against
their opponents, and had the cruelty to expect their Speaker to sign it. To
enable him to avoid this unpleasant duty, Mr. Graham was called to the Council in May, 1699. His public career may be said to have now closed. He
appears to have attended the Council for the last time, on the 29th July, 1700.
He was superseded in October, of that year, as Recorder of the city of New
York, after having filled th office from 1683, with an interruption of only two
years, and was deprived of his office of. Attorney-General on the 21st January,
1701, but a few days before his death, which occurred at his residence at Morrisania. His will bears date 12th January, 1700-1, and is on record in the Surrogate's office, New York. He left all his property, share and share alike, to
his children, Augustine (Surveyor-General of the Province), Isabella (wife of
Lewis Morris, Esq.), Mary, Sarah, Margaret and John. The other members of
the family consisted, in 1698, of one overseer, two white servants and thirtythree slaves.-New York Colonial Documents, IV, 847. On the 18th July, 1684,
a license of Marriage was issued out of the Provincial Secretary's office, New
York, for James Graham and Elizabeth Windebauke. —N. Y. Colonial MSS.,
XXXIII, pt. ii, p. 32. But whether it refers to the Attorney-General' whose
biography is now sketched, we have no means of ascertaining.
149




1o0                             NOTES.
Note 5, Page 21.
JOHN WEST had been a resident of New York during Governor Andros' first
administration, and is found acting as a lawyer there as early as 1675. In the
following year, he received the appointment of deputy clerk of the Mayor's
court, and clerk of the Sessions for the North and West Ridings of Yorkshire,
and was employed in a legal capacity to assist the commission appointed to
examine into the condition of Governor Lovelace's estate. He seems next to
have gone back to England, but on returning to New York, is again found enjoying the confidence and patronage of the government, being employed as
member of the Court of Admiralty at Nantucket; justice of the peace at Pemaquid, &c. In 1680 he received the appointment of clerk of the Council, Secretary of the Province, clerk to the Court of Assizes, and clerk of the city of New
York, but in 1683, he was superseded by James Spragg as Provincial secretary
and clerk of the Court of Assizes. The latter tribunal, however, was soon
after abolished, but Mr. West retained his city appointment and received also
that of clerk of the Sessions. In October, 1684, he married Anne Rudyard,
daughter of the Lieutenant-Governor of East Jersey, and in 1685 was commissioned to claim Westfield, Northampton, Deerfield and other towns on the west
side of Connecticut river, for the Duke of York. When Sir Edmund Andros,
his patron, returned to power in 1686-7, Mr. West accompanied him to Boston; there he farmed from Edward Randolph the office of secretary, in which
capacity he extorted what fees he pleased, to the great oppression of the people,
and thus aided in rendering the government odious. On the overthrow of that
government, West was seized and committed to the castle at Boston. Many
of the charges against him are given in the tract entitled " The Revolution of
New England Justified." After a protracted confinement, it appears that he
was shipped off to England in 1690. Of his subsequent career I have no knowledge; but I apprehend that he did not long survive his downfall. His widow
afterwards became the wife of Robert Wharton.-The above details are collected
from the N. Y. Records in the office of the Secretary of State, Albany; Byfield's Account of the late Revolution; N. Y. Colonial Documents, III; and
Hutchinson's History Of Massachusetts.
Note 6, page 21.
PETER HEYLIN, D. D., was born in Burford, Oxfordshire, on 29th Nov., 1599,
and in 1613 entered Hart Hall, Oxford; took the degree of B. A. in 1617, and
was chosen Fellow in 1619. Having already given a course of lectures on Cos -
mography, he composed his Microcosmus, which was published in 1621, 4to
)Watts); 1622 (Wood) small 4to. He received holy orders in 1623, and in
1624-5, a second edition of his Microcosmus appeared, with augmentations and
150




NOTES.                              71
corrections. He visited France in 1625, and on his return wrote an account of
his journey, which was published some 30 years subsequent to his visit. In
1627, a third edition of the Microcosmus was published. In 1629 he was nomlinated one of the king's chaplains, and in 1631 made rector of Henningford,
Huntingdonshire, and a prebend of Westminster. The year following, he obtained the rich living of Houghton in the Spring, which he changed for Ailresford, Hampshire; in 1633 proceeded to D. D., and in 1638, exchanged for South
Warnborough, Hants. On the breaking out of the civil war, Dr. Heylin abandoned his rectories and followed the king to Oxford, where he became one of
the editors of the Weekly Newspaper, called the Merclrius Aulicus, then published on the royal side. In 1643, his property was sequestered by order of
the Parliament, and he thus lost his incomparable library. Now he was obliged
to shift from place to place to escape his enemies, and finally settled down in
Minster Level, where he was forced " to the earning of money by writing books."
Here, he prepared the first folio edition of his Cosmography, which was published in 1652. He next removed to Abendon, in order to have easier access to
libraries, for he found it (he says) as difficult to make books without books, as
the Israelites, to make bricks without straw. At length, at the restoration, this
worthy old loyalist was restored to his spiritualities. Though the list of Dr.
Heylin's works is considerable, he is best known in this country by his "Cosmographie." It was the last book that its author wrote with his own hand
(in 1651), for after it was finished, his eyes failed him so that he could neither
see to write nor read, and was forced to employ an amanuensis. At length,
after a life chequered by adversity and prosperity, he paid his last debt to
nature on Ascension day, the 8th of May, 1662, and was buried within the
choir of St. Peter's Church, Westminster. A copy of the inscription on his
monument is in Hist. and Antiq. Univ. Oxon., and a list of his works is in
Wood's Athen. Oxon. II, 183, et seq.
Note 7, page 21.
RICHARD NICOLLS was the fourth son of Francis Nicolls, who is described in
a pedigree of the family entered in the Heralds' College in 1628, as "of the
Middle Temple, one of the Squiers of the Bath to Sir Edward Bruse, -and lyeth
buried at Ampthill, co. Bedford."  His mother was Margaret, daughter of Sir
George Bruce of Carnock, Knt., the lineal ancestor of the present Earl of Elgin,
and younger brother of Sir Edward Bruce, the favorite servant of James I, and
his Master of the Rolls. Richard Nicolls was born in the year 1624, probably
at Ampthill, at which place his father was buried in the same year. Ampthill
great park was a royal chase, the custody of which was granted, in 1613, by
King James I, to Thomas, Lord Bruce, whose son, Robert Bruce, was created in
1664 Viscount Bruce of Ampthill, and Earl of Aylesbury. In the seventeenth
151




12..NOTES.
century the Nicollses were for many years lessees of Ampthill Park under the
Bruce family, and resided at the Great Lodge, or Capital Mansion, as it is
called in the survey of 1649. Here Richard Nicolls passed his boyhood under
the charge of his mother, who survived her husband, and remained a widow
until her death in 1652. He had two brothers, who survived their father, the
one, Edward, ten years, and the other, Francis, five years older than himseif.
His only sister, Bruce, was thirteen years of age at the time of his birth, and
was married shortly after to John Frecheville (son and heir apparent of Sir
John Frecheville of Staveley, co. Derby, Knt.), who, in 1664, was created
Baron Frecheville of Staveley. She died in 1629, without issue, at the age of
eighteen.
The breaking out of the civil war in 1642 found Richard Nicolls at the university, where, if we can accept the testimony of the epitaph on his monument
in Ampthill church, he acquired some distinction in his studies. He was not
permitted, however, to pursue this career; but in 1643, at the youthful age of
eighteen, he was called away to take part in the civil war, which was then
actively waging. As might be supposed from his connections, the sympathies
and affections of Richard Nicolls were engaged on the royal side. His mother
was one of the family-itself connected with the royal line-which had been
caressed and enriched by King James. His uncle, Dr. William Nicolls, a dignitary of the English Church, was indebted to the favor of King Charles for his
preferments,- having been presented in 1623 to the living of Cheadle in Chester,
by Charles, Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester, to whom the presentation
had fallen by lapse, and was advanced in 1644 to the Deanery of Chester.
Richard Nicolls joined the royal forces, in which he received the command
of a troop of horse. Each of his brothers commanded a company of infantry
on the same side, and distinguished himself by his devotion to the royal cause;
but the favor which their services gained them was more honorable. than advantageous. They shared the exile of the royal family, and following their
banished king in his wanderings, Edward, the elder brother, died at Paris, and
Francis at the Hague. During the period following the death of King Charles,
when the royal family remained in Paris, Richard Nicolls was attached to the
service of James, Duke of York; whose attendants, as we learn from Clarendon,
shared in a more than ordinary degree in the distresses, and also in the disorder and faction which prevailed in the banished court. In the spring of 1652,
the Duke of York obtained the permission of his brother and his council to
join the army under the Marshal Turenne, then engaged in the war of the.Fronde. Richard Nicolls accompanied him, and had thus aii opportunity, to
adopt the words of the Cardinal Mazarin in proposing to the queen to send her
son to the wars, of "learning his mestier, under a general reputed equal to any
captain in Christendom." The duke afterwards served upon the other side
under Don John of Austria and the Prince de Conde, and we may conjecture
that he was followed throughout these campaigns by Nicolls, who, on the re152




NOTES.                                3
turn of the royal family to their country in 1660, was appointed one of the
gentlemen of the bedchamber to the duke.
In 1664, war with Holland being then imminent, the king granted to his
brother the Duke of York, the country in North America then occupied by the
Dutch Settlement of New Netherland. The grant to the Duke of York is dated
the 12th of March,l 1664, and it comprise~ Long Island, and " all the land from
the west side of Connecticut river to the east side of Delaware bay, and the
islands known by- the names of Martin's Vineyard or Nantucks, otherwise
Nantucket." Part of this tract was conveyed away by the duke to Lord Berkeley of Stratton and George Carteret of Saltrum, co. Devon, by lease and release dated the 22d and 23d, of June, 1664, and received the name of New
Jersey from its connection with the Carteret'family.
Letters patent were issued on the 25th of April, 1664, appointing Colonel
Richard Nichols, Sir Robert Carr, Knt.,  George Cartwright and Samuel
Maverick, Esquires, Commissioners,: with power for them, or any three
or two of them, or the survivors of them, of whom Colonel Richard Nichols,
during his life, should be' always one, and should have a casting vote, to visit
all the colonies and plantations within the traet known as New England, and
"'' to heare and determine all complaints and appeales in all causes and matters,
as well military as criminal and civil, and proceed in all things for the providing for and settleing the peace and security of the said country according to
their good and sound discretion, and to such instructions as they or the successors of them have, or shall from time to time receive for us in that behalfe,
and from time to time to certify us or our privy councel of their actings and
proceedings touching the premisses.'"
The instructions furnished to Colonel Nicolls respecting his proceedings with
the Dutch, required him to reduce them to the same obedience with the king's
subjects in those parts, without using any other violence than was necessary
to those ends; and if necessary, " to use such force as could not be avoided
for their reduction, they having no kind of right to hold what they are in possession of in our unquestionable territories, than that they are possessed of by
an invasion of Us."
The expedition under Nicolls% set sail from Portsmouth in June, 1664. It
consisted of four frigates, anrid about 300 soldiers. Colonel Nicolls, on board
the Guyny, arrived at Boston on the 27th July, and required assistance
towards reducing the Dutch. The council of the town agreed to furnish 200
men, but the object was effected by Nicolls before this force joined him. On
the 20th August, his force being now collected at Long Island, Nicolls summoned the Dutch governor to surrender. Stuyvesant, the governor, would
willingly have defended the town, but there was no disposition in the burghers
to support him; and a capitulation was signed on 27th by Colmmissioners on
each side, and confirmed by Nicolls. In the course of the next month, Sir Ro10                      153




174                           NOTES.
bert Carr and Col. Cartwright reduced all the remaining Dutch settlements in
New Netherland.
Upon the reduction of New Amsterdam, Nicolls assumed the government of
the province, now called New York, under the style of "Deputy-Governor
under his royal highness the Duke of York, of all his territories in America."
The American authorities are generally agreed that his rule, though somewhat
arbitrary, was honest and salutary. English forms and methods of government were gradually introduced; and in June, 1665, the scout, burgomasters
and schepens of the Dutch municipality were superseded by a mayor, aldermen, and sheriff. His administration lasted three years, and his mode of
proceeding is thus summed up by William Smith, the historian of New York:
"He erected no courts of justice, but took upon himself the sole decision of all
controversies whatever. Complaints came before him by petition; upon which
he gave a day to the parties, and after a summary hearing, pronounced judgment. His determinations were called edicts, and executed bv the sheriffs he
had appointed. It is much to his honor, that, notwithstanding all this plenitude of power, he governed the province with integrity and moderation. A
representation from the inhabitants of Long Island to the General Court of
Connecticut, made about the time of the Revolution, commends him;, as a man
of an easy and benevolent disposition; and this is the more to be relied upon,
because the design of the writers was, by a detail of their grievances, to induce
the colony of Connecticut to take them under its immediate protection." In a
letter to the Duke of York, dated November, 1665, Colonel Nicolls thus expresses himself: "My endeavors have not been wanting to put the whole government into one frame and policy, and now the most factious republicans
can not but acknowledge themselves fully satisfied with the way and method
they are in."
Nicolls returned to England in 1667, and resumed his position in the Duke
of York's household. In 1672 war was. again proclaimed against the Dutch.
The distinction between the land and sea services was not then established,
and several landsmen volunteered to serve in the fleet, which was commanded
by the Duke of York, the Earl of Sandwich, and the Count D'Estrees. Among
these volunteers were several of the Lord High Admiral's household, and
among the number Colonel Richard Nicolls. In the engagement which took
place at Solebay, on the 28th of May, 1672, in which Lord Sandwich lost his
life by the blowing up of the ship which he commanded, Colonel Nicolls, with
Sir John Fox, the Captain of the Royal Prince, in which he sailed, and
others of the volunteers, was also killed. His age at the time of his death was
forty-seven.
Colonel Nicolls left no legitimate issue, and, I believe, was never married.
His will, dated the 1st of May, 1672, on board the Royal Prince at the Nore,
was proved by his executors in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury in the
following June. He desires to be buried at Ampthill, and alms to be given to
154




NOTES.                               75
the parishes through which his funeral would pass, and a marble monument
to be erected to his memory, with an inscription mentioning his father and
mother, his brother William, and his brothers Edward and Francis, the one
dead at the Hague, the other at Paris during the late usurpation; and his executors might add what they pleased about his own services in America and
elsewhere. He prays his executors to be," earnest solicitors with his Highness
for the money due to him."
His executors fulfilled his injunctions by erecting a white marble monument
to his memory in the north-east corner of the chancel of Ampthill church, in
the upper part of which the cannon ball which caused his death is enclosed,
with the words " Instrzumentzum mortis et immortalitatis."  The inscription on
the monument is as follows:
M: S.
Optimis parentibus nunc tumulo conjunctus
Pietate semper conjunctissimus
- it jacet
Richardus Nicolls Francisci Istius ex Margar. Bruce
filius,
Illimo Jacobo Duci Ebor. a Cubiculis intimis;
Anno 1643, relictis musarum castris,
Turmam equestrem contra rebelles duxit.
Juvens strenuus atque impiger.
Anno 1664, retate jam et scientia militari maturus,
In AMERICAM
~Septentrionalem cum imperio missus
Longam I's'lam  cceterasque insulas
Belgis expulsis vero Domino restituit,
Provinciam arcesque munitissimas
Heri sui titulis insignivit,
Et triennio pro preside rexit
Academia       Literis
Bello         Virtute
Aula           Candore animi
Magistratu    Prudentia
Celebris,
ubique bonis charus, sibi et negotiis par.
28 Mail 1672
nave pretoria contra eosd. Belgas
fortiter dimicans,
ictu globi majoris transfossus occubuit.
Fratres habuit,
proeter Gulielmum prnecoci fato defunctum,
Edvardum et Franciscum
utrumque copiarum pedestrium centurionem,
Qui fcedwe et servilis tyrannidis
qune tune Angliam oppresserat impatientes,
exilio pruelato (si modo regem extorrem sequi exil: sit)
alter Parisiis, alter Haga comitis,
ad ccelestem patriam migrarunt.
Above are the Nicolls arms: Azure, a fess between three lions' heads or;
Crest, a tiger sejant.-2 Notes and Queries, III, 214; Nichols's Topographer and
Genealogist, III, 539-544.
155




16                                 NOTES.
-Note 8, page 22.
Mere discovery of a country, not followed. by actual possession, confers no
title. This principle of public law was laid down and acted upon by Elizabeth,
Queen of England, as far back as 1580, when resisting the exclusive pretensions
of Spain to the New World. "As she did not acknowledge the Spaniards to
have any title by donation of the Bishop of Rome, so she knew no right they had
to any places other than those they were in actual possessionnof; for their having
touched only here and there upon a coast, and given names to a few rivers, or
capes, were such insignificant things as could in no ways entitle them to a propriety, farther than in the parts where they actually settled, and continued to
inhabit."*  The right derived from the Cabots, which had not even the plea of
"having touched here and there on a coast" to support it, thus falling to the
ground-for what was good as against Spain for England, must be admitted
good also against the latter- for the Dutch —the only remaining title in favor of
England to this continent rests on the colonization.of Virginia. This did not
extend farther north than theChesapeake or James river. Actual settlement
and continual habitation, which. Queen Elizabeth laid down as necessary to
make out a title, were, therefore, wanting: to establish the English right to the
country first discovered and now actually possessed by the Dutch. To call
these "intruders," was, in the words;of Louis XIV, "a species of mockery;"
they had as good a right to reclaim the American wilderness as any other European power, and so long as they could show all the prerequisites insisted on
by England in 1580 to establish a title, theirs must be considered unobjectionable. This view of the case is only strengthened by an examination of the
New England patent, granted by James I to the Plymouth Company. This
charter conveyed all the country from forty to forty-eight degrees of north latitude, with this express reservation, however: "Provided, always, that the
said islands, or any of the said premises hereinbefore mentioned,... be
not actually possessed or inhabited by any other Christian Prince or Estate."
The Dutch had actual  possession of New- Netherland -many years before the
issue of this patent, and the reservation in favor of the rights of others which
that document contains, was a full and perfect acknowledgment of the soundness of their title.t-O'Callaghan's History of'New Netherland, II, 343-4.
* Camden, Rerum Anglicarum et Hibernicarum Annales, regnante Elizabetha, 8vo. Leyden,
1639, p. 328. P' roscriptio sine possessione haud valeat," was the principle laid down in this
case.
t See Patent in Hasard, I, 111. Consult further, "A State and Representation of the Bounds
of the Province of New York against the claim of the Province of the Massachusetts Bay," &c.,
in the Journals of the New York Prov. Assembly;'also, Lettres du Comte d'Estrades, Leond. Svo.
1748, III, 340, for the letter'of the King of France, -in which he states that after examination of
both sides of the question, the right of the Dutch to the country is, in his estimation, the best
established-" le mieux fond6."
156




NOTES.                            7 
Note 9, page 22..
SEBASTIAN CABOT, an eminent navigator, was the son of John Cabot, a
Venetian. The place of his birth has been a subject for some difference of
opinion; some claiming the honor for Venice; others, for Bristol, England.
In 1497, when about twenty years of age, he accompanied his father in the
voyage in which the continent of the New World was discovered. In the year
1498, he made another voyage to this continent, which he reached somewhere
between the 55th and 67th degrees of latitude, when he sailed south and returned
home. - About the year 1517 he sailed on another voyage of discovery, and
went to the Brazils, and thence to Hispaniola and Porto Rico. Failing in his
object of finding a way to the. East Indies, he returned to England. Having
been invited to Spain, where he was received in the most respectful manner
by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, he made a voyage of discovery in
April,. 1525; visited the coast of Brazil, and entered a great river, to which he
gave the name of Rio de la Plata. He sailed up this river one hundred and
twenty leagues. After being absent on this expedition a number of years, he
returned to Spain in the spring of 1531. He made other voyages, of which no
particular memorials remain. His residence was at the city of Seville. His
employment as Chief Pilot was the drawing of charts, on which he delineated
all the new discoveries made by himself'and others; and, by his office, he
was entrusted with the reviewing of all projects for discovery. His character
is said to have been gentle, friendly, and social, though in his voyages some
instances of injustice towards the natives and of severity towards his mariners, are recorded. In his advanced age he returned to England; received
a pension from Edward VI, and was appointed governor of a company of merchants, associated for the purpose of making discoveries. He had a strong
persuasion that a passage might be found to China by the northeast. By his
means a trade was commenced with Russia, which gave rise to the Russian
company. The last account of him is, that in 1556, when the company were
sending out a vessel for discovery, -he made a visit on board. " The good old
gentleman, master Cabota,"' says the journal of the voyage in Haklnyt, "gave
to the poor most liberal alms, wishing them to pray for the good fortune And
prosperous success of our pinnace.:And then'at the sign of St. Christopher,
he and his friends banqueted, and for very joy, that he' had to see the towardness of our intended discovery, he entered into the dance himself among the
rest of'the young and lusty company; which being ended, he, and his friends
departed, most gently commending us to the governance of Almighty God."
He died'shortly afterwards, at the age of 80 years, but the place where he was
buried is not known'. He was oner of the most extraordinary men of the age in
which he lived. There is preserved in Hakluyt a complete set of instructions,
drawn and signed by Cabot, for the direction of the voyage to Cathay in
157




78                             NOTES.
China, which affords the clearest proof of his sagacity. It is supposed that he
was the first who noticed the variations of the magnetic needle. He published
also a large map, which was engraved by Clement Adams, and hung up in the
gallery at Whitehall; and on this map was inscribed a Latin account of the
discoVry of Newfoundland.-Belknap's Amer. Biog., I, 149-158; Mass. Mag.,
II, 467-471; Hakluyt, I, 226, 268, 274; Campbell's Admirals, I, 419; Rees'
Cyclopedia; Petri Martyr. De Novo Orbe, Paris, 1587, pp. 232, 589; Bancroft's
Hist. U. States, I, 7-14; 2 Notes and Queries, V, 1, 154, 193, 263, 285.
Note 10, page 22.
Sir JOHN VAUGHAN, Kt., was born in Cardiganshire in 1608, and educated at
Worcester school and at Christchurch, Oxford, whence he removed to the Inner
Temple, where he contracted an intimacy with Selden, who made him one of
his executors. During the Rebellion, he led a retired life, but at the Restoration was elected to Parliament for Cardiganshire. In 1668, he became Chief
Justice of the Common Pleas, and died in 1674. His reports and arguments
were published in 1677, by his son, Edward Vaughan, Esq., in 1 vol. folio.
Note 11, page 22.
The precise Latitude of the City Hall, New York, is 40 deg., 42 min., 43 sec.;
Longitude west from Greenwich Observatory, 74 deg., 3 sec. See Map B, No. 2,
Hudson River (lower sheet); accompanying Report of the U. S. Coast Survey
during the year 1855. Washington: Nicholson. 1856.
Note 12, page 22.
RICHARD NORWOOD is principally famous forhaving been one of the first who
measured a degree of the Meridian. He wrote Trignometry, or Doctrine of
Triangles; Fortification; the Seaman's Practice; Epitome and Logarithmic
Tables; also, Letters and Papers in the Philosophical Transactions on the Tides
and on the Whale Fishery.
ANDREW NoRWOOD his son had been a resident of the West Indies, and communicated to the Royal Society, in 1668, "Observations in Jamaica."  He
setns to have immigrated to New York before the assumption of the government by Sir Edmund Andros; for, in March, 1672, an order was issued to
lay out two towns or townships on Staten Island, and in September following he received a grant of one hundred and fifty acres of land on the shore
of Staten Island, near the present Quarantine ground. On the 29th of September, 1676, this grant was increased by Governor Andros to three hundred
and ninety-seven acres. In September, 1677, he received an additional grant
of twenty-five acres, making his farm four hundred and twenty acres in all.N. Y. Patents. In 1677 he was appointed surveyor of that locality, as appears
by the following
158




NOTES.                            79
Commission for Mr. Andrew Norwood to be Surveyor for Staten Island.
By the Governor.
These are to authorize and Appoint you Mr. Andrew Norwood to be Surveyor
of Staten Island, where you are to Survey and lay out such Lotts or Parcels of
land, as you shall be employed about, of which to make due returnes according to Law, And in all matters relating thereunto to behave yourselfe according
to the duty and place of Surveyor. Given under my hand in New Yorke, this
12th day of November, 1677.
E. ANDROS. S.
N. Y. Warrants, Orders, Passes, &c., 1674-1678, XXXII, 291.
It appears that Mr. Norwood returned to, and died in, the West Indies; for,
I find that.his will, dated 24th of April, 1684, was admitted to probate in the
island of St. Christopher. In virtue of this will, the above mentioned property on Staten Island, came into the possession of his son, Henry Norwood of
Jamaica, who sold it in 1697, to Antony Bigg of Port Royal, for the sum of
~300 Jamaica currency. Biggs sold the property to John Stout of the same
place, in 1698, for an advance of about ~10.-N. Y. Deed Book, IX, 584. This
transaction will, when compared with present'prices, afford an opportunity of
forming an idea of the advance in value of real estate on Staten Island.
Note 13, page 22.
tMHILIP WELLS. The earliest notice that I can find of this gentleman is in the
year 1675, when he was authorized to receive the county rates in the absence
of Sheriff Salisbury, who had gone to England. Hence it is inferred, that he
came to New York in 1674 with Governor Andros, whose " Steward " he is said
to have been. In 1676, he was appointed receiver of the debts due to the late
Dutch West India Company, and is next called "-Commissary to the Garrison
of Fort James at New York," in which capacity he is empowered to draw from
the collector of that city such duties as that officer might receive, in order to
support the garrison and pay other expenses of government. On the 26th Nov.,
1680, Mr. Wells was appointed Surveyor. He became, in 1684, SurveyorGeneral of the Province and held that office until 1687. He was one of the
commissioners who ran the boundary line between Connecticut and New York
in 1684, and being a landed proprietor on Staten Island, is found in the commission of the peace for the county of Richmond in 1685. In 1686, he was
appointed surveyor on the part of New York, to determine, with similar functionaries on the behalf of East and West Jersey, the most northerly branch of
the Delaware river, and to run a line between these three provinces. No line,
however, was actually run. The instructions to "Philip Wells, Esq., SurveyorGeneral of His Majesty's Province of New York," are in N. Y. Council Minutes,
V. It was on the occasion of this commission, we presume, that he observed
the declination of the magnetic needle, as mentioned by Kalm in his notice of
159




80                              NOTES.
New York. On quitting the office of -Surveyor-General, Mr. Wells retired to
Staten Island, where we find him residing in 1694.-N. Y. State Records.
Note 14, page 23.
SIR HENRY WOTTON was born at; Bocton Hall, Kent, and educated at Winchester and Oxford. He subsequently became secretary to the Earl of Essex,
but on the fall of that nobleman, retired to the continent. He returned to
England on the accession of James I, by whom he was knighted, and sent Ambassador to Venice, and several other courts. He was afterwards appointed
Provost of Eton, took holy orders, and died in 1639. These words are engraved
on his tomb: Hic jacet hujus sententiae primus auctor: Disputandi pruritus,
ecclesiae scabies. Nomen alias quaere. He wrote, The State of Christendom;
Elements of Architecture; Parallels between Essex and Buckingham; Characters of some of the Kings of England; Essays on Education; Poems, printed
in- the Reliquiae Wottonioe; Two Apologies relating to his Album Aphorism:
An Ambassador is an honest man sent to lie abroad for the good of his country.
Some of his religious poems are exquisitely beautiful; that written On a Bed
of Sickness, has never been surpassed. —Rose. Sir Dudley Carleton gave him
the soubriquet of Fabritio.-2 Notes and Queries, VII, 375.
Note 15, page 24.
GEORGE HAKEWELL, D. D., was born in Exeter, England, in 1578, and received
the rudiments of his education in that city. He entered Oxford as a commoner
in 1595, and in two years after was elected a Fellow of Exeter college. Having
received holy orders he traveled on the continent of Europe, and in 1610,
received his divinity degree. In 1611, he was appointed chaplain to Prince
Charles, and archdeacon of Surrey in 1616. He subsequently opposed the
marriage of the Infanta of Spain with the Prince, in consequence of which he
was dismissed from his chaplaincy in 1621. He afterwards was appointed
rector of Heanton, Devonshire, and in 1641was elected rector of Exeter college.
On the civil war breaking out, he gave in his submission to parliament, and
spent the remainder of his days in retirement at Heanton, where he died in the
beginning of April, 1649. His remains were deposited in the chancel of his
church, and over his grave a stone was laid with this Inscription: Reliquiae
Georgii Hakewell, S. Th. D. Archidiaconi Surrise, collegii Exoniensis et hujus
Ecclesihe Rectoris, in spem resurrectionis hic repositee sunt, An. 1649. etatis
sun 72. A list of his works is in Wood's Athence Oxon., II, 66. The most important of his writings is: An Apology or Declaration of the Power and Providence of God in the Government of the World, 1627, folio. The learning
exhibited in this work is very extensive.-Rose, Biog. Dict., VIII, 174.
160




NOTES.                             81
Note 16, page 27.
WILLIAMi ASHFORDBY is supposed to have come to this country in 1664. In
1676 he obtained a patent for one hundred and eight acres of land in Marbletown (Ulster co.), in the neighborhood of "the Indian graves." On the 21st of
December, 1684, he was appointed High Sheriff of Ulster county, and obtained a:further grant of eighty-seven acres and a half of land fin the rear of the tract
first above mentioned. Yet with all this, whether through want of thrift or of
industry, Mr. Ashfordby did not prosper. He became considerably indebted;
had to mortgage his property, and in 1687, the High Sheriff of Ulster county
" went for England," leaving behind him his debts and a wife and family. In
August, 1695, a petition was presented to the Governor and Council of New
York, from his wife Martha, in behalf of herself and five children, John Bettis
and Susannah his wife, Mary, Helen, Ann, and Catherine Ashfordby, setting
forth the fact of his absconding, and praying a grant of the last mentioned
tract, for herself and children. She received a patent accordingly. Mr. Ashfordby having left no male issue, the name has become extinct in Ulster co.N. Y. Patents, IV, 51, VI, 539; N. Y. Col. MSS., XXX, 61, XXXI, iii, 83, XL,
56; Council Mlinutes, VII, 153.
Note 17, page 27.
SoPus, or Esopus, lies on the west side of the Hudson river, 90 miles north
of the city of New York. The name belonged originally to the river which
discharges into the Hudson at this point, and is a modification of the Algonquin
word Sipous, the literal signification of which, is " River."  The first Dutch
adventurers traded with the Indians here as early as 1614, and though that
trade was carried on continuously afterwards, there is no evidence of any improvement having been made thereabouts before 1652-3. The neglect of the
government to extinguish the Indian title to the land before parcelling it out
to actual settlers, led to two wars with the Aborigines, and greatly retarded the
advancement of the place, which was not erected into a municipality until
1661, when the district went by the Dutch name of Wiltwyck, or Indianville.
Governor Lovelace, however, was the chief promoter of the settlement of the
Esopus. For, orders having been given to disband the soldiers who had accompanied Colonel Nicolls to this country, gratuitous grants of land were made
to them in 1668, and two new towns planted. On the 18th September, 1669,
by the governor's orders, one was called I"Marbleton" and the other " Hurley;"
the latter, after the seat of the Lovelace family in Berkshire, England. On the
25th of the same month, Wiltwtyck, or " the towne formerly called Sopez, was
named KINGSTON;" some suppose out of respect to the king; others, however,
are of opinion that the name was borrowed from that of Kingston L'Isle, Berk11                     161




82                             NOTES.
shire, the seat of the first Lady Lovelace's family. When the Dutch recovered
the country in 1673, the name of Kingston was changed to Swaenenburgh, and
so continued until the English returned under Governor Andros, in 1674. The
district was organized into a distinct county in 1683, by an act of the Provincial
Legislature, and was called Ulster, to commemorate the Irish title of the Duke
of York, who was Earl of Ulster in the peerage of Ireland.-O'Callaghan's Hist.
New Netherland; N. Y. Colonial MSS., XXII, 99; Laws of New York; see
Note 16 supra.
Note 18, page 27.
WIILLIAM HARVEY, MiI. D., famous for his discovery of the Circulation of the
Blood, was born in Folkestone, Kent, 2d April, 1578. Having finished his
education at Cambridge, he passed through several celebrated medical schools
on the continent, took his degree in 1602, and commenced practice in London,
where he made his great discovery about the year 1619. He afterwards became
physician to James I and Charles I. On the breaking out of the civil war he
retired to Richmond, and in 1651 appeared his second immortal work: Exercitationes de Generatione Animalium. 4to. This great man died 3d July,
1658, in the 80th year of his age. A monument has been erected to his memory
at Hempstead in Essex. A splendid quarto edition of all his works was published by the College of Physicians in 1766, to which a life of the author is
prefixed.-Rose.
Note 19, page 27.
GEORGE CAREW, was the son of the dean of Exeter and Windsor, of the same
name. Adopting the profession of arms, he wasin the expedition to Cadiz, in
1588-9, and afterwards served with great reputation in Ireland, where he was
made President of Munster, when, uniting his forces with those of the Earl of
Thomond, he reduced several castles and strong places, and obtained many
triumphs. He was likewise a privy councillor in that kingdom. Upon the
accession of James I, he was constituted lieutenallt-general of the ordnance,
and governor of the Isle of Guernsey, and having married Joyce, only daughter
and heiress of William  Clopton, Esq., of Clopton in the county of Warwick,
was elevated to the peerage, on the 4th June, 1605, as Baron Carew. He was
made master-general of the ordnance in 1609, and sworn of the privy council,
and in 1625 created Earl of Totness. "Besides," says Dugdale, "these his
noble employments,'tis not a little observable, that, being a great lover of antiquities, he wrote an historical account of all those memorable passages, which
hapned in Ireland, during the term of those three years, he continued there,
intituled Hlibernia Pacata, printed at London, in 1633, and that he made an
ample-collection of many chronological and choice observations, as also oj
162




NOTES.                              83
divers exact maps, relating to sundry parts of that realm, some whereof are
now in the public library at Oxford, but most of them in the hands of Sir
Robert Shirley, Bart., of Stanton Harold, in the county of Leicester, bought of
his executors." His lordship died 27th March, 1629, at the Savoy in the Strand,
"in the suburbs of London," leaving an only daughter and heiress. —Burke;
Beatson.
Note 20, page 28.
CHARLES BLOUNT, eighth Baron Mountjoy of Thurveston, in the county of
Derby, succeeded to the title on the death of his brother in 1594. This nobleman, when a commoner, being a person of high military reputation, had a
command in the fleet which defeated the famous Spanish Armada, and a few
years afterwards succeeded the Earl of Sussex in the governorship of Portsmouth.
In 1597, his lordship was constituted Lieutenant of Ireland; and in two years
afterwards repulsed the Spaniards, with great gallantry, at Kinsale. Upon the
accession of James I, he was reinvested with the same important office, and
created, by letters patent,' dated 21st July, 1603, Earl of Devonshire, being made
at the same time a Knight of the most noble order of the Garter. The high
public character of the earl was, however, considerably tarnished by one act of
his private life, the seduction of Penelope, sister of the Earl of Essex, and wife
of Robert, Lord Rich. By this lady he had several children; and upon his
return from Ireland, finding her divorced from her husband, he married her,
at Wanstead in Essex, on the 26th of December, 1605, the ceremony being performed by his chaplain, Wiliam Laud, afterward Archbishop of Canterbury.
Camden says, that this nobleman was so eminent for valor and learning, that
in those respects, "he had no superior, and but few equals," and his secretary
Moryson, writes, "that he was beautiful in person as well as valiant; and
learned as well as wise." His lordship died on the 3d April, 1606, and leaving
no legitimate issue, all his honors became extinct. —Burke, Ext. and Dorm.
Peerage.
Note 21, Page 29.
ABERGINIANS. The several scattered tribes from the Pockanockets of Plymouth colony to the Piscataqua river, were called Northern Indians, and by
some Aberginians.-Hutchinson's Mass., I, 407.  The name enters into Mr.
Gallatin's vocabulary as an Indian word (Synopsis of Indian Tribes, 312), but
it seems to be rather a corruption of Aborigines.
Note 22, page 30.
WILLIAM CAMDEN, a learned antiquary, was born in the Old Bailey, London,
on the 2d May, 1551. He received the first rudiments of knowledge at Christchurch Hospital, and was afterwards sent to Dr. Colet's free school, near St.
163




84                              NOTES.
Paulls. In 1566, he was sent to the university at Oxford, where he remained
until 1571, when he returned to London. In 1575 he obtained the place of
second master of Westminster school. He now devoted himself to his favorite
studies, and in 1582 brought out his Britannia: sive Regnorum Anglive, Scotiae,
Hibernis, and Insularum adjacentium Descriptio; 8vo.; Maps. In 1593, he
was made head master of Westminster school, and published a Greek Grammar in 1597. The first part of the Annals of Queen Elizabeth appeared in 1615,
under this title-Rerum Anglicarum and Hibernicarum Annales regnante Elizabetha; the second half followed in 1627, after the author's death; both were
published in London in folio. After passing through several editions, this
work was translated into English and printed also in folio. After a life of great
literary industry and labor, he paid his last debt to nature at Chiselhurst, Kent,
on the 9th November, 1623. His remains wereinterred in Westminster Abbey,
where a monument, with a suitable inscription, was erected to his memory.
A full list of Camden's works will be found in Wood's Athen. Oxon. I, 412.
Note 23, page 30.
STEPHEN SKINNER, M. D., was born in or near London in 1623, and entered
Christ church, Oxon, in 1638, but before he could obtain a degree, the rebellion
broke out, so that he was obliged to resort to the continent to continue his
studies. In 1646, he returned to Oxford and took both the degrees in arts, and
subsequently received the degree of Doctor of Medicine from the university of
Heidelberg, and was admitted ad eundem by the university at Oxford, in 1664,
in which year he settled at Lincoln, where he practised his profession. He
died in that city on the 5th September, 1667, and was buried in the cathedral.
His works were published in one folio volume at London, in 1671, with this
title: Etymologicon lingule Anglican%, under the care and superintendence of
Mr. Thomas Henshaw, a learned critic.-' Wood's Athen. Oxon. II, 287.
Note 24, page 33.
FOR an interesting account of Indian currency, the reader is referred to Denton's Brief Description of New York: formerly called New Netherland. New
York: Gowans, 1845. 8vo p. 42.
Note 25, page 34.
THE following clippings from newspapers, show the prices of Negro slaves in
this country in 1859:
SALE OF NEGROES-HIGH PRIcEs.-Twenty-eight negroes were sold on Tuesday last, at McDonough, in Henry county, Va. The aggregate amount of the
164




NOTES.                               85
sales was $22,309, being an average of $796. We select the following from the
list, as an evidence of the high prices paid: One boy, field hand, 18 years old,
$1,640; three boys, 14 years old-one $1,440, one $1,282, another $1,207; two
boys, 10 years old-one $902, the other $806; one 7 years old, $726, one woman, 23 years old, with three boys-one 5 years, one 3 years, and one 8
months, $1,995; one woman, 23 years old, with two children-a boy 3 years, a
girl 18 months old, $2,305; seven girls sold at the following prices-one 19
years old, $1,200; one 15 years, $1,023; one 16 years, $1,100; one 12 years,
$400; one 7 years, $705; one 7 years, $778.-Atlanta American.
Prices at Richmond, July 25: No. 1 men, 20 to 26 years old, from $1,450 to
$1,500; best grown girls, 17 to 20 years old, from $1,275 to $1,325; girls from
15 to 17 years old, $1,150 to $1,250; girls from 12 to 15 years old, $1,000 to $1,100;
best plough boys, 17 to 20 years old, $1,350 to $1,425; boys from 15 to 17 years
old, $1,250 to $1,375; boys from 12 to 15 years old, $1,100 to $1,200.
PRICE OF SLAVES IN MISSOURI.-At a sale of slaves that took place last Monday, says the St. Louis Republican of the 20th inst., at Bowling Green in this
state, the following prices were obtained: Negro man, 50 years old, $845; do.,
55, $795, negro woman, 60, $195; do., 40, 801; negro girl, 13, $1,187; do., 10,
$900; do., 6, $535.
Note 26, page 36.
ADAM DE MARISCO, a native of Somerset, England, was a Franciscan monk
and a doctor at Oxford, and acquired such a great reputation in the thirteenth
century, by his learning, as to be surnamed Doctor Illustratus. In Italy, he
was on intimate terms with. and greatly esteemed by, St. Anthony of Padua,
and in England much thought of by Robert Greathead, bishop of Lincoln,
1235-1254. He was named bishop of Ely circa 1256, but declined the dignity on
learning that the pope had already nominated Hugh de Balsham to that see.
He wrote on The Song of Songs; Questions of Theology; Paraphrases on St.
Denis, the Areopagite; and died in, or about the year 1257.-Moreri, Grand
Dict.Hlist.; Luiscius, Algem. Wordenboek.
Note 27, page 36.
TAMAHICAN. is a word common to most of the Algonquin dialects. Its foot
may perhaps be found in the verb ehouen, to strike, or knock. —Mithridates,
III, iii, 354. "Tomahawk" is the Indian word anglicized.
Note 28, Page 36.
HENRY SOMERSET, 1st Marquis of Worcester, was the son of Edward, 4th Earl
of Somerset, to whose honors he succeeded in 1628. He was a nobleman of
great piety and parts, and one of the richest of the English peers. He spent
165




86                             NOTES.
his fortune in the service of Charles I, for whom he defended the castle of Ragland against the rebels till the conclusion of the war, when it was surrendered
on terms (August, 1646), which, however, were basely violated, and his lordship died a prisoner, in December of the same year. The Marquis of Worcester
had early embraced the Catholic faith, and there appeared after his death,
"Certamen Religiosum, or a Conference between King Charles I. and Henry
late Marquis of Worcester, concerning religion;" " The Golden Apothegms of
King Charles I. and Henry Marquis of Worcester." He was father of Edward,
2d Marquis of Worcester, famous for his connection with the discovery of the
Power of Steam, and How to Sail against Wind and Tide, which Horace Walpole
enumerates among "the amazing pieces of folly."-Noble Authors, p. 371, 378.
Note 29, page 37.
KINTAUKAUNS. Much ignorance prevails regarding the Indian IKintacaws.
Some esteem them to have been debauched revels or bacchanalia, and hold them
in horror, supposing them to be something akin to devil worship. Those who
had the curiosity to investigate the matter, have given such accounts of the
conduct of the Indians, on these occasions, as naturally lead to the conclusion
that they paid a joint homage and supplication to some' invisible being. The
word is derived from the Delaware Gentekehen, to dance; and here it is supposed lies the key of the mystery. The Indians, it is well known, accompanied, if not celebrated, all their public acts or events by dances. Van der
Donck, writing on the subject of the amusements of those people, says: " The
old and middle aged conclude with smoking, and the young with a kintacaw.'
It was not restricted to any particular season of the year. During the Esopus
war there was a kintecaw at the Danskamer, above Newburgh, in the month
of August, "so that the woods rang again;" inl another instance an Indian
desired to be permitted to dance the kintecaw, before being put to death; and
another having been led out to the place of execution, " danced the kintekaye all the way thither."  The "Kintacaw," thus appears to have been
simply a dance, which, however, received its character from the occasion on
which it took place. It was a calumet kintecaw on concluding a peace or a
treaty; a bear kintecaw, at the conclusion of a successful hunt of that animal;
a war kintecaw, on the organization of an expedition against an enemy; and a
death kintecaw, when the victim was led bleeding yet dancing to the stake.N. Y. Documentary History; 8vo, IV, 63, 106; Smith's History of New York,
Alb. ed., 76. See further, Denton's Description of New York (Gowans' ed.),
p. 11, and Carver's Travels, London, 1778, p. 266, for particulars respecting
the dances of the Indians.
166




NOTES.                             87
Note 30, page 38.
KAKINDOWET-a Minister: from Kakindowinin, to teach, or preach to several
persons.
Note 31, page 39.
THIS is a corruption of Jubartes, one of the names given to the humpbacked
whales. Anderson, in his account of Iceland, gives it as Jupiterfish, and this has
been erroneously supposed to be the derivation of the term. David Crantz, in
his history of Greenland, furnishes the clue to its name, when he says of the
Jupiter fish, that the " Spanish whalers call it Gu(bartas, from an excrescence
near the tail."  Lacepede and Cuvier describe the gibbar and the Jubarte.
Cuvier especially says that these names are given to them by the Basques.
Now, Jorobado in Spanish means humpback, and its root is evidently the Latin
gibbus.
The Basque whalers were the first to pursue the whale to its northern haunts,
and in the beginning of the seventeenth century, when the Dutch and English
took up the whaling business, the Basques were their instructors. This will
account for the adoption of the word jubarte into the English and Dutch languages. See Histoire des Peches, vol. 1. Kline and other naturalists give the
the coast of New England as its peculiar resort, and John Edward Gray, in his
excellent catalogue of cetacea in the British Museum, gives the Megaptera
Americana, or Bermuda humpback, which reaches a length of 88 feet, as the
probable Jubartes of whalers.-N. Y. Historical lMagazine, III, 52-3.
Note 32, page 40.
Sir THOMAS BROWNE, Kt., was born in London, 19th November, 1605. Having
been educated near Winchester, he entered Pembroke college, Oxford, in
the beginning of the year 1623, and having taken his degree in arts, proceeded
to Leyden, where he was made Doctor of Medicine. He settled at Norwich,
where he practised his profession for many years. His famous work, Religio
Medici, was published in 1642. This was followed by Pseud. Epidem. Enquiries into very many received Tenents and commonly presumed Truths, or
Enquiries into'Common and Vulgar Errours& London, 1646; small folio. This
work, which is still popular, has gone through many editions. Nature's Cabinet
Unlocked; Urni Burial; the Garden of Cyrus, and a volume of Miscellanies,
are also by the same author, who received the honor of knighthood in 1671,
and died at Norwich in the year 1682. He was interred in St. Peter's church,
where a monument was erected to his memory. A copy of the inscription
on his monument is in Wood's Athen. Oxon. II, 636.
167




88                              NOTES.
Note 33, page 41.
JOHN ROBINSON was a merchant of New York as early as 1676, where he married Gritie, widow of Cornelis Dircksen. In 1678 he hired a dwelling house
on the east side of the city " towards the fortification near the water portt,"
and purchased, in November, 1679, for ~120, the Shottwell farm containing
38Y acres of land. This farm was situate on. the east side of the city, and
was bounded on the S. W. by the land of John Bassett, and on the N. WV. by
John Young's land. It included a run of water called Saw-mill creek, and a
leather mill which Shottwell had erected thereupon, also a pond of water
ranging N. E. unto the woods 120 rods. On the first of January, 1680, Mr.
Robinson sold one-half the Shottwell farm, mill and water privileges, to John
Lewin and Robert Woolley, merchants of London, for the sum of ~60, and the
property passed subsequently into the hands of William  Coxe, Robinson's
partner in trade.-N. Y. Book of Deeds, V, 113, VI, 208, 414. Mr. Valentine's
impression is, that this farm was on the west side of Pearl, and north of Pine
street. Mr. William  J. Davis, another well known antiquary of New York,
adds: "In Common Council in 1680, a resolution was passed that the water
lots between Johi Robinson's and William Beeckman's lands along the Smith's
valley be sold at auction to pay some public assessments. (The Smith's valley
extended from Cedar nearly to Beekman street.) The Damen farm adjoined
Wall street on the north; next to which was Mrs. Tysen's, and John Robinson's
land probably joined her's. Hence, I think it evident that the'Orchard,'
extended from about Cedar street to Maiden lane." Thereabouts, probably,
in the heart of the Second ward of the city, was the scene of the Bear hunt
referred to by Mr. Woolley. New York is still famous for hunting Bears, but
the amusement has been transferred to a locality further to the south, and
known by the name of Wall street. In the same vicinity the first Methodist
church in the city was erected, and thereabouts, too, the late Washington
Irving, whose death a nation still mourns, first saw the light of day.
Mr. Robinson was alderman for the West ward in 1683, 1684 and 1685, but did
not decease in New York. Dirck van der Cliff, Robinson's brother in law,
owned, east of the Shottwell farm, an orchard through which a street was
afterwards run, and called Cliff street, after the said: Dirck van der Cliff.
Note 34, page 42.
ELIZABETT, daughter and coheir of Sir Robert Christopher, Knt., of Alford
in Lincolnshire, married Bennett, second Lord Sherard on the Irish peerage,
by whom she had one son and two daughters. One of these married Edward,
Lord Viscount Irwin, and the other, the Duke of Rutland. She lost her hus168




NOTES.                              89
band in the year 1700. Her son Bennett succeeded to the title that year, and
was created Lord Harborough in 1714, and Earl of Harborough in 1719. His
lordship married Mary, daughter of Sir Henry Calverly.
Note 35, page 45.
ME-TA-OW. Bishop Baraga, in his Dictionary of the Otchipwe Language,
says, Alidew means an Indian of the order of the Grand Medicine, Midewiwin
being the name of that order. And in the Rev. Mr. Dougherty's Chippewa
Primer, p. 41, MIetawa means-he dances (at a feast).  As part of the Indian cure
consists of the dancing of the physician, perhaps the root of the Indian word
in the text may be thus arrived at.
Note 36, Page 47.
Captain JOHN MANNING came to New York with Governor Nicolls in 1664, and
in September of that year accompanied Colonel Cartwright in his expedition for
the reduction of Fort Orange, where he attended and was a witness to the first
treaty which the English concluded with the Five Nations.-N. Y. Gen. Ent., I,
42. After the surrender of the place he was left in charge of the fort (Ibid. 45),
In 1667, he was appointed Sheriff of the city of New York (Ord. War. and Letters.
II, 177, 188), and held that office until 1672 inclusive. In 1669 he was named a
member of the commission sent the same year to the Esopus, to regulate the
affairs of that district (Ibid; CQuncil Min., III, 12, 434, 530, 535); also, justice for
the West Riding of Yorkshire, and acted as high Sheriff of Yorkshire from 1671
to 1673.-Gen. Ent., IV, 201. During the administration of Colonel Lovelace, he
seems to have been high in the confidence of that governor, of whose council he
was a member, and who, whenever called by business to any distance from
the city, always left Fort James and the public peace in charge of Captain
Manning (see Instruc., ibid., 243). It was whilst charged with these duties in
1671, that an express arrived from Albany at New York with the fearful news of
the' approach of the French. Manning forthwith dispatched an express to
Governor Lovelace, who was at Staten Island. Instead of approving his officer's
activity, the latter was snubbed by the governor for his " impatience."-Court
of Assize Record, 732. Whether discouraged by this reception or, as he himself admits, hopeless of making any effectual defence, he made no resistance
when the wolf came actually, in 1673, in the shape of the Dutch, but unconditionally surrendered the country to them, and went back to England, where he
arrived in January, 1674, his wife having died on the passage. He immediately
waited on the King and the Duke of York and the principal officers of state, on
which occasion the King gave it as his opinion that Fort James was not tenable.
Captain Manning returned to New York in the Diamond frigate with Governor
12                      169




90                              NOTES.
Andros in 1674, and soon after was tried by court martial on charges of treachery and cowardice. He was acquitted of treachery, but found guilty of every
other charge, and on 6th February, 1675, sentenced " to be carried back to
prison and from thence brought out to the publick place before the City Hall,
there to have his sword broken over his head, and from that time be rendered
uncapable of wearing a Sword or serving his Majesty in any publick employ or
place of benefitt and Trust within the Government."-N. Y. Doe. Hist., 8vo,
III, 80-100; N. Y. Council Min., III, ii, 24.  Thereupon he retired to his
Island, where, according to Mr. Wooley's account, he does not seem to have
permitted his disgrace to disturb his philosophy.
Manning's Island was called Minnahanock by the Indians;* Varken (or Hog)
Island by the Dutch; it had been purchased originally by Governor Van Twiller
in 1637, and granted in 1651 to Captain Francis Fyn, who figures in a lampoon
against Governor Stuyvesant about -that time (O'Callaghan's New Netherland,
II, 181, 581). On the breaking out of the war against the Dutch in 1666, it was
confiscated. On the 8th February, 1668, it was granted to Captain Manning,
whereupon it passed by the name of "Manning's Island. " On the 1st of August
following, Captain Manning executed a deed conveying the island to Matthias
Nicolls, in trust, for the use of the said Manning during his life, and after his
decease for the use of his wife, if she should survive him, and after their decease, entailing it on Mary Manningham, daughter of Mrs. Manning by a
former husband, and the heirs of her body, and for want of such heirs, after
her death, to her brother Henry Manningham and his heirs.-N. Y. Patents, I,
99, 146. In 1676 (the year after Captain Manning was "broke "), the above
named Mary Manningham married Robert Blackwell, "late of Elizabethtown,
in New Jersey, merchant " (N. Y. Deed Book, I, 130); the property in consequence was, after Captain Manning's death, called " Blackwell's Island," which
name it bears at present. It is now the property of the city of New York, and
is occupied by a Penitentiary, Alms House, Lunatic Asylum, Hospital, and
similar institutions. It contains 120 acres, and cost the city of New York
$50,000. The date of Captain Manning's death is not ascertained. He seems,
however, to have been alive in 1686, when there was some difficulty between
him and Mrs. Blackwell respecting the island, and she entered a caveat against
the issuing of any patent to him for it, for a longer term than his life.
Note 37, page 48.
HENRY HAMMOND, D. D., was born on 26th August, 1605, in Surrey, England,
His father was physician to the Prince Henry, son of James I, after whom he
was called. Having gone through his studies at Eton and Oxford, he devoted
* Minnahanock is derived from the Mohegan word Minauhan, an island, and uck, a termination
signifying locality, and means literally, " At the Island."
170




NOTES.                             91
himself to the study of theology, and received holy orders in 1629, and in 1633
was appointed rector of Penhurst, Kent. In 1643, he was made archdeacon of
Chichester, but on the breaking out of the civil war, he became obnoxious to
the party in the ascendant, on account of his attachment to his sovereign, and
was obliged to remain concealed for several years, during which he composed
various works in English and Latin; these were afterwards published
in London, 4 vols. folio. His principal works are: Practical Catechism, or
Abridgment of Christian Morals; Notes on the New Testament and on the
Psalms. M. le Clerc wrote a criticism on some of these notes. When Charles
IL was about to be recalled, Dr. Hammond was placed in charge of the diocese
of Worcester, of which see he, without doubt, would have been appointed
bishop, had he lived; but his life was unfortunately out short on the 25th
April, 1660, in the 55th year of his age.
Note 38, page 49.
ANCIENT FUNERAL CUSTOMS.-The following is copied from a memoir read
by Judge Benson before the New York Historical Society in 1816: "A family
in Albany, and from the earliest time, of the name of Wyngaard. The
last, in the male line, Lucas Wyngaard, died about sixty years ago, never
married, and leaving estate: the invitation to his funeral very general. Those
who attended, returned after the interment, as was the usage, to the house of
the deceased at the close of the one day, and a number never left it until the
dawn of the next. In the course of the night a pipe of wine, stored in the cellar
for some years before for the occasion, drank; dozens of papers of tobacco
consumed; grosses of pipes broken: scarce a whole decanter or glass left; and,
to crown it, the pall-bearers made a bonefire of their scarves on the hearth."
When Philip Livingston of New York died in 1749, his funeral expenses
amounted to the sum of five hundred pounds, or $1,250. On that occasion
two ceremonies were performed; one at his manor among his tenantry, and
one at his residence in New York. At each place a pipe of wine was spiced for
the guests. The bearers at the several places were presented with mourning
rings, silk scarfs and handkerchiefs. The eight bearers in New York had each
a gift of a monkey spoon (that is having a monkey carved on the handle), and
at the manor all the tenantry had a gift of a pair of black gloves and a handkerchief. In a later period Gov. Wm. Livingston wrote in the Independent
Reflector of 1753, his objections to extravagance in funerals, and his wife, it
was said, was the first who ventured as an example of economy, to substitute
linen scarfs for the- former silk ones.-Watson's Olden Times of New York,
308.  These customs continued down to a late period.  Professor Morse
writing in 1789, says: Their funeral ceremonies are equally singular. None
attend them without a previous invitation. At the appointed hour they meet
171




92                             NOTES.
at the neighboring houses or stoops, until the corpse is brought out. Ten or
twelve persons are appointed to take the bier all together, and are not relieved.
The clerk then desires the gentlemen (for ladies never walk to the grave, nor
even attend the funeral, unless of a near relation) to fall into the procession.
They go to the grave, and return to the house of mourning in the same order.
Here the tables are handsomely set and furnished with cold and spiced wine,
tobacco and pipes, and candles, paper, &c., to light them. The conversation
turns upon promiscuous subjects.-Munsell's Annals of Albany, I, 315.
Robert Townsend, Esq., of Albany, informs us, that he was told by his
mother, recently deceased, that a similar custom was observed as late as 1810,
after the interment of General Ten Broeck, one of the most respectable citizens
of the state of New York. Those invited to the funeral returned to the family
mansion, where a cask of Madeira which had been stowed away by the old
gentleman many years before, was, in accordance with the ancient usage,
broached for the guests; and several hogsheads of Beer were rolled out on
the lawn in front of the house for the free use of all comers. It is only proper
to add, that this singular custom died out with the last generation.
Note 39, page 51.
THIs is a Narragansett word. "After harvest, after hunting, when they enjoy
a calm of peace, health, plenty, prosperity, then the Indians have Nickcommo,
a feast, especially in winter. He or she who maketh this Nickommo, feast or
dance, besides the feasting, of sometimes twenty, fifty, an hundred, yea, I have
seen near a thousand persons at one of these feasts,-give a great quantity of
money, and all sorts of their goods, according to and sometimes beyond their
estate, in several small parcels of goods or money, to the value of eighteen
pence, two shillings, or thereabouts, to one person; and that person that receives this gift, upon the receiving it, goes out, and hollows thrice for the
health and prosperity of the party that gave it, the master or mistress of the
feast. By this feasting and gifts, the devil drives on their worships pleasantly
(as he doth all false worships, by such plausible earthly arguments of uniformities, universalities, antiquities, immunities, dignities, rewards unto submitters,
and the contrary to refusers) so that they run far and near and ask, Awawn
Nickommit, Who makes the feast?"-Roger Williams' Key unto the Language
of the Indians of New England.
Note 40, page 52.
NUT signifies "Belly" in the Etchemin dialect; Notasung is the corresponding
Delaware word; Nutah, the Nanticoke. Reference is made to these Notas, or
Denotas, by Van der Donck in the " Great Remonstrance of New Netherland,"
where they are described as Bags wherewith the Indians measured their
corn.-N. Y. Colonial Documents, I, 281.
172




NOTES.                             93
Note 41, page 53.
WASS-RA-NEK signifies a Torch; the Algonkin word for Light is, Waselenican.
Du PONCEAU, Mem. sur les Langues Indiennes, p. 265; from Washsayah, or
Wacheyek, the light.-Dougherty's Chippewa Primer, p. 47.
Note 42, page 54.
THE reader is referred to "Denton's Brief Description of New York:" Gowans, 1845, p. 36, for further particulars respecting the Long Island Indians.
Note 43, page 57.
WILHELMUS VAN NIEUWENHUYZEN. The Reformed Dutch church of the city
of New York being, in consequence of the incapacity of the Rev. Mr. Drisius,
wholly destitute of a minister in 1670, an invitation, or call, was sent to Holland
for a clergyman, with a guarantee from Governor Lovelace that he should receive an annual salary of 1000 guilders, equal to $400, with a house free of rent,
and firewood without charge.-N. Y. Col. Doec., III, 189. The Rev. Mr Nieuwenhuyzen came, in consequence, to New York in the course of the summer of
1671, as colleague to the Rev. Mr. Drisius, who dying in 1672, Mr. Van Nieuwenhuyzen succeeded as sole minister to the church, being the seventh in succession from the Rev. Mr. Michaelius. A few years after, namely in 1675, he
had a difficulty with the Rev. Nicholas Van Renselaer, a minister of Albany,
who, he asserted, " aloude in ye street," was not " a Lawfull minister nor his
admittance at Albany lawfull;'" maintaining "afterwards at Mr. Ebbing's,
one of the elders," that no one having orders from the Church of England had
sufficient authority to be admitted to administer the sacraments (Mr. Van
Renselaer having received holy orders from the Rt. Rev. John Earle, Bishop of
Salisbury, 1663-1665). The matter begat such excitement that it was brought
before the governor and council on the i5th September. On that occasion, Mr.
Van Renselaer exhibited proofs of his having been chaplain to the Dutch ambassador at London, and -afterwards minister to the Dutch church at Westminster, and lecturer at St. Margaretts Loathbury, London. Mr. Van Nieuwenhuyzen was thereupon called on to declare whether a minister ordained in
England by a bishop, be not qualified to administer the sacraments. The
consideration of the case was resumed by the council on the 30th, when Jeronimus Ebbing and Peter Stoutenburg, elders; Jacob Teunisse Kay, Reyneer
Willemse, Gerritt Van Tright, Isaac yan Vleck, deacons of the church at New
York, appeared with their minister before the board. Mr. Van Nieuwenhuyzen
" rather justified himself in his answer;" but he and his church officers finally
considered it most prudent to yield to Governor Andros, and to admit, " That
173




94                             NOTES.
a Minister ordayned in England by the Bishops is every way capable, &c."N. Y. Council Min., III, 54-59. Smith in his History qf New York, erroneously
calls this clergyman, "Niewenhyt, minister of the church at Albany," and
then draws equally erroneous references from the dispute above referred to.
Gideon Schaets was minister of the Reformed Dutch church at Albany at the
time and for several years after.-N. Y. Doc. Hist., 8vo, III, 878. Equally
erroneous is another statement, that Mr. Van Nieuwenhuyzen retired to Brooklyn in 1676. Mr. Van Nieuwenhuyzen continued in charge at New York until
his death, which took place in that city on the 17th February, 1681. Annekie
Mauritz, his widow, survived him. It is clear, from the evidence of Mr.
Wooley, that Mr. Van Nieuwenhuyzen was an accomplished scholar, whilst
from the same evidence it is also clear, that in his ministry he sometimes
exhibited more zeal than charity.
Note 44, page 57.
Lord GEORGE RUSSELL was the youngest son of William 5th Earl and 1st Dukeof
Bedford, and brother of the celebrated Lord William Russell who was beheaded
in 1683. He was graduated at Magdalen college, Oxford, on the 4th February,
1666-7, when he was created Master of Arts. After making the tour of Europe
he entered the army, and came to America. He was in Boston, and presented
with the freedom of that city in 1680, as we find by the following entry in the
Records: "4th February, 1679-80. It is ordered that the hon. George Russell,
Esq., now resident with us in Boston, be admitted to the freedom of the corporation, if he please to accept thereof." He accepted of it and took the oath
13th February following, before the governor and assistants. He was in garrison as an ensign, at Albany, about the year 1687, and in the city of New York
in 1689; when Captain Baxter and he being " known to be Roman Catholiox,
were for that reason by the Lt. Gov. [Nicholson] and Council to avoid all
jealousies, sent not only out of the garrisons, but even out of the Province."
He married Mary, daughter and heir of Mr. Pendleten; and died in the year
1692, leaving issue one son, who died unmarried.-Wpg'en's Hist. of the House
of Russell, II, 223, 224; Brydges' Collins, sub titulo "Bedford;" Rec. Qf the
Col. of the Mass. Bay, V, 264; Hutchinson's Hist. of Mass., Salem ed., I, 299;
N. Y. Col. Doec., III, 640, IV, 132; N. Y. Council Min., IV, 54.
Note 45, page 58.
FREDERICK PHILIPSE is said to have been a native of East Friesland. He was
born in the year 1625, and immigrated to New Netherland about the year 1658,
being by trade a carpenter. After his arrival here, he was employed in that
capacity for some time in the public service, both at Bergen and at Esopus.
In 1660 he embarked in trade, as appears by the public Records:
174




NOTES.                              95
"20th Sept., 1660.  It being proposed in Council by the Honble Director
General on behalf of Frederick Philipsen, his Honor's late carpenter, that said
Frederick Philipsen is disposed to make a voyage to Virginia with some merchandize, if the company's sloop be hired to him, &c."-N. Y. CoL. MISS.,
XI, 416; Alb. Rec., XIV, 69; XXIV, 415.
A few years after this he married Margaret Hardenbroeck, the widow of Peter
Rudolfus, a woman who was an active trader among the Indians; with whom
he acquired some property, which may be said to have laid the foundation of
his fortune;* for he soon became the wealthiest merchant in New York. He
was appointed one of the aldermen of that city in 1675, and in September of the
same year was sworn one of the council of Governor Andros. He continued to
hold a seat in that body twenty-three years, with the exception of the brief
administration of Jacob Leisler, which he opposed. When Kidd and Red sea
pirates flourished in New York, Frederick Philipse became implicated like
many others, in that illegal trade, and was censured by the authorities in England. Finding himself in bad odor, he resigned his seat in the council in 1698.
Mr. Philipse acquired large tracts of land in Westchester county, N. Y., which
were erected in the year 1693, into the manor of Philipsborough, where he was
buried in 1702, in the 78th year of his age. His second wife was Catherine Van
Cortland, widow of John Dervall.
Note 46, page 60.
SKATING GROUNDS OF NEW  YORK.-Skating has been always a favorite
exercise in New York, though we must say, that men and women are no longer
seen " as it were flying upon their skates from place to place with marketing
upon their Heads and Backs."  The Kolck or Collect, a sheet of fresh water
which covered the ground now occupied by the halls of justice in Centre street,
and all that neighborhood, communicated in ancient times with Lespinard's
pond and meadows, lying between North Moore and Green street, near the west
end of what is at present Canal street. This was the great skating ground of
the last century, where the gallants of the hour displayed, as a quaint writer
expresses it, "theire graceful caracoles and pirouettes," ever and anon skimming at pleasure from one collection of water to the other, under the bridge
which connected upper with lower Broadway. There WILLIAM the fourth, late
King of England, might be seen when "a Middy," attached to the flag ship of
Rear-Admiral Digby, attended by superior officers, trying his "tacks" on the
slippery ice, in the winter of 1781-2. Tradition hath it, that a stratagem had
been planned by certain of WASHINGTON'S men to capture this royal scion of the
house of Hanover, and thereby secure a valuable prize, while enjoying himself
* The marriage contract between these parties is on record in the Minutes of the Orphan
Court, City Hall, New York. The published pedigree of the family is incorrect, in many particulars, as regards its founder in America.
175




96                            NOTES.
in his healthful exercise on the Collect pond. It is further said that the project
had well nigh succeeded. Seemingly in anticipation of that success, one of the
American papers wrote: "The boy William Henry Guelph, lately arrived at
New York, will perhaps soon be in our power. In that event we shall not
visit the sins of the father on the child, but send him home to his mother."
But those times have passed away, and not a pair of those feet which now
daily promenade, in patent leather boots, past the Hospital at the head of Pearl
street, has ever skated on the Collect or Lespinard's meadows. I have myself,
adds Mr. Gowans, seen people skating between Washington market and Jersey
city. To the spectators on shore, the skaters whilst whirling about on the
river, did not appear larger than a good sized turkey in the act of flapping his
wings; and I have heard that journeys have been performed on skates between
New York and Albany.
Modern improvements have driven skating "out of town." When we were
lads, says the editor of the N. Y. Times and Messenger, the nearest skating
pond was on Stuyvesant's meadows, which then lay east of the Third avenue,
and spread away from Eighth street to'the river. Next to these, but further
out, was Cato's pond, nearly up to the old shot-tower. These were fine large
skating ponds in our eyes, but so terribly far away, that we made our preparations for going to them as if for a serious journey. Our pet place, however, was
smaller, but handier. It was a pond at the corner of Thirteenth street and
Broadway, nearly a square large. A block and pump maker's shanty, built on
piles, stood in one edge of it. Why it was built there, we have, in youth, often
endeavored to imagine, and after much patience of philosophising, came to the
conclusion that it was for convenience, and to try whether his pumps would
draw water before he sent them away to be put down in the old-fashioned wells
at the street corners.
Accommodation for skaters is, we are happy to record the fact, now provided at
the public expense. A skating pond of about twenty acres large, admirably
planned for comfort and adapted for the purpose, has been laid out in the Central Park, where young men have an opportunity of indulging in this healthy
exercise free from danger. Instead of trudging away on foot for miles, as their
fathers had to do to get at the skating place, the youth of the present day have
but to step into one of the avenue cars and bowl off to the Central Park, strap
their skates, and cut carlicues till their young legs have had enough of it.
But don't let those merry scamps of boys altogether monopolize the fun.
Let the girls mount the swift skate also. It is just as healthy for them; and
what a charming thing it will be to see five hundred cherry-cheeked, healthy
beauties-goddesses in crinoline and mortals in plumptitudinous lovelinessgliding, whirling, and now and then sitting down, without exactly intending
it, on the slippery ice. Let the ladies patronise the Central Park skating pond.
They can make themselves adorable enough in Polish skating costume, to drive
all the men and boys in New York mad as March hares. Let them remember,
176




NOTES.                             97
too, that the police arrangements for order, propriety and comfort at the pond,
are perfect, and a lady can enjoy herself there with as absolute comfort as at
the opera.
Note 47, page 61.
GEORGE HEATHCOTE, the Quaker captain. The earliest instance that we find
on record of a Quaker commanding a ship is in N. Y. Col. Documents, II, 461,
where it stated that such a vessel arrived in the port of New Amsterdam on the
20th October, 1661, and refused to s" strike to the port, being a quaker." The
ship mentioned in the text was the Hopewell. She was commanded by George
Heathcot "of Rattilife in the county of Middlesex, Eng." (N. Y. Deed Book,
IV, 349), a sturdy Quaker, who " on the first of the sixth month 1672," being
owner and commander of a ship, was imprisoned by Governor Bellingham of
Massachusetts, "for delivering him a letter and not putting of his hat."Besse's Sufferings of the Quakers, II, 259. Not encouraged by this reception,
he seems to have subsequently turned his face to New York, from which port
lie sailed for England in August, 1675.-N. Y. Council Min., ItI, part ii, 46.
He returned the following year, having chartered the ship John and Mary of
Weymouth, and purchased land in New York " above the smith's garden,"
through which a street 25 feet wide was ordered to be opened in 1686.-N. Y.
Council Min., V, 146, 151. He was master of "the pink Hopewell" in 1679,
which vessel cleared for London, July 17, 1680 (Orders and Warrants, XXXII,
21, 26, 94); and in this voyage it was that he was accompanied by the Rev. Mr.
Wooley., The pink Hopewell, George Heathcote, master, cleared from New
York again for London, 23d June, 1681 (N. Y. Pass Book, p. 4), on which occasion he carried William Dyre, the collector of New York, a prisoner to England
by order of the Court of Assize. Besse says, George Heathcot was fined in London in 1683 for refusing to bear arms.-Opus sup. cit., I, 462. We find him
again in New York in 1685, in 1688, and in 1691. In 1688 he was master of
the ship Yorke.-N. Y. Deed Book, VIII, 208. He subsequently settled in
Bucks county, Penn.  It has been stated that he died unmarried in New
York in 1685; but this is clearly erroneous. Mr. Heathcote married the
daughter of Samuel Groom of New Jersey.-N. i. Council Min., V, 71. His
daughter married John Barber of London; he had two sisters, one of whom
was Mrs. Hannah Browne, and the other, Mrs. Anne Lupton; and he died in
November, 1710. By his will on file in the Surrogate's office New York, and
bearing date 14th November, and proved 24th November of that year, he
liberates his three negro slaves, gives 500 acres of land near Shrewsbury, N. J.,
to Thomas Carlton, to be called Carlton settlement, and constitutes his " cozen
Caleb Heathcote," residuary legatee.
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177








1860.]                                                                 [No. 19.
GOWANS.
CATALOGUE OF
Ancient and Rare American Books,
FOR SALE AT THE AFFIXED PRICES,
STORE —81, 83 and 85 CENTRE STREET, NEW YORK,
(Two Blocks East of Broadway.)
CATALOGUES SENT GRATIS TO ANY PART OF THE UNITED STATES.
" Give me leave
To enjoy myself: that place that does contain
My BOOKS, the best companions, is to me
A glorious court, where hourly I converse
With the old sages and philosophers;
And sometimes, for variety, I confer
With kings and emperors, and weigh their counsels;
Calling their victories, if unjustly got,
Unto a strict account, and, in my fancy,
Deface their ill-placed statues. Can I then
Part with such constant pleasures, to embrace
Uncertain vanities? No! be it your care
To augment a heap of wealth; it shall be mine
To increase in knowledge by these means."-J. FLETCHER.
" If the price of old books anent America whether native or foreign should continue to augment in value in the same ratio as they have done for the last thirty years, their prices must
become fabulous, or rather like the books of the Sibyls, rise above all valuation. In the'early
part of the present century, the Bay Hymn Book (thefirst book printed in North America), then
an exceedingly rare book, no one would have supposed would bring one hundred dollars; now, a
copy was lately sold for nearly six hundred, and a perfect copy at this time would bring one
thousand. Elliott's Grammar of the Indian Tongues was lately sold for $160, a small tract.
The author's version of the Scriptures into the Indian Language could be purchased fifty years
ago for $50, now it is worth $500; Cotton Mather's llagnalia Christi Americana, $6 was then
thought a good price, now $50 is thought cheap for a good copy; Smith's History of Virginia
$30, now $75; Stith's History of Virginia, then $5, now $20; Smith's History of New Jersey,
then $2, now $20; Thomas's History of Printing, then $2, now $15; Denton's History of New
Netherlands, $5, now $50. These are but a few out of many hundreds that could be named that
have risen from trifling to extraordinary prices, in the short space of half a century."................................................................   W estern  Memorabilia
FRA N KLIN  STREET
_-   i
LEONARD  STREET                                                11
C  3N~1 3NIWVHLV3 -J
WO RTH  STREET c,
Iaz~ r




2                            GOWANS' CATALOGUE
ACOSTA, JOSEPH.  Histoire Naturelle et    munion  maintained  in the  Secession
moralle des Indes, tant Orientalles qu'    Church. 8vo. pp. 461. $3 00.
Occidentalles: Ou, il est traict6 des cho-                     Pittsburgh, 1820.
ses remarquables du Ciel, des Elemens, ALLEN, WILLIAM. An Address delivered
Metaux, Plantes et Animaux qui sont    at Northampton, Mass., on the evening
propres de ce pays. Ensemble des mceurs,    of October 29, 1854, in commemoration
ceremonies, loix, governemens and guer-    of the close of the Second Century, since
res des mesmes Indiens.  12mo.  pp.    the settlement of the town. 8vo. pp.
798. $5 00.               Paris, 1600.    56. $1 00.        Northampton, 1855.
ACOSTA, JOSEPH. The NaturallandMorall AMERICA, CONSTITUTIONS of the several
Historie of the East and West Indies.    Independent States of; The Declaration
Intreating of the remarkeable things of    of Independence; The Articles of ConHeaven, of the Elements, Mettalls, Plants    federation between said States; The Treaand Beasts which are proper to that    tise between his most Christian Majesty
and the United States of America  Pubcountry: together with the Ments anners,    lished by order of Congress, 1782. The
Warres of the Indians. Written in Span-   Rights of Great Britain asserted against
ish by J. A., and translated into English    the Claims of America; being an answer
ish by E.JG. A.,4to.  pp. 604. $15 00.   to the Declaration of the General ConLondon, 1604.     gress. The ninth Edition to which is
ADAMS, C. B. Catalogue of Shells collected    now added a further Refutation of Dr.
now added a further Refutation  of Dr.
at Panama, with Notes of their Synony-    Price's state of the National Department.
my, Station and Geographical Distribu-   A Declaration of the Representatives of
my, Station and Geographical Distribution. 8vo. pp. 342. (privately printed.)    the Colonies of North America, now met
$5 00.               New York, 1852.    in General Congress. Articles of Confederation and perpetual Union by the
ADAMS, JOHN.  Twenty-Six Letters upon        Colonies. A Refutation of Dr. Price, &c.,
interesting subjects, respecting the Revo-  &c.,allinonevol. Svo. Calf. $5 00.
lution of America. Written in Holland                         London, 1776-82.
in the year 1780, &c. 12mo, pr. pp. 64. AMERICAN.  Dialogues of the American
$2 25.               New York, 1789.      Dead. 8vo. pp. 43. $1 00.
ADAMS, JOHN Q.  Report upon Weights                              Philadelphia, 1814.
and Measures.  Prepared by order of   The interlocutors in these Dialogues, are WashCongress.   o      248. $5 00.  ington, alfred, William  Tell, Hamilton and
Washington, 1821. Fisher Ames.
ADYE, STEPHEN PAYNE. A Treatise in AMERICAN ETHNOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Courts Martial. Containing: I. Remarks    Transactions of. 2 vols. 8vo. pp. 505,
on Martial Law and Courts Martial in      637. Maps. $5 00. New York, 1845-48.
general. II. The Mannerof proceeding AMERICAN REGISTER, The, or General
against offenders. To which is added,     Repository of History, Politics, and
An Essay on Military Punishments and      Science, from  1806 to 1810.  7 vols.
Rewards. 12mo. pp. 146. $5 00.            8vo. $8 50.        Philadelphia, 1807.
New York, 1769. AMERICAN STATE PAPERS. Documents,
ALBANY.  Laws and Ordinances, of the          Legislative and Executive, of the ConMayor, Recorder, Alderman, and Com-       gress of the United States, from the first
monalty of the city of Albany.  4to,      Session commencing March 3, 1789, to
-pp. 66. $6 50.         Albany, 1773.    March 3, 1823.  Selected and edited
ALEXANDER, EARL OF STIRLING AND               under the authority of Congress by WalDEVON. Vindication of the Rights and      ter Lowrie, Secretary of the Senate, and
Titles, Political and Territoriel, as Lord  Matthew St. Clare Clark, Clerk of the
Proprietor of Canada and Nova-.Scotia.    House of Representatives. 21 vols. Fol.
By John L. Hayes. Also the Trial of    Half bound in Russia. $250 00.
Lord Stirling, being Part II of the Vin-                  Washington, 1832-34.
dication of the Rights and Titles, Poli-   This publication is classified asfollows, namely:
tical and Territoriel, of Alexander, Earl Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4, Foreign Relations; 5, 6, Indian
of Stirling and Devon, Hereditary Lieu- Affairs; 7, 8, 9, Finance; 10, 11. Commerce
tenant-General and Lord Proprietor of and Navigation; 12, 13, Military Affairs; 14,
Canada Nova-Scotia. By John L. Hays. Naval.ffairs; 15, Post OC/ice; 16, 17, 18,
(curious fac-simile of the original grant.) Public Lands; 19, Claims; 20 and 21, Miscel8vo. pp. 52 and 76. $5 00.           lanies.
Washington, 1853. AMERIGO.VESPUCCI. Elogio che ha riporALEXANDER AND RUFUS, or a Series of    tato il premio Dalla Nobile Accademia
Dialogues on Church Communion, in two     etrusca Di Cortona, Nel di 15, Ottobre
parts. The first, being a vindication of    dell' anno 1788. Con una dissertazione
Scriptural Church Communion in oppo-     Giustification di questo celebre Navigasition to Latitudinarian schemes. The     tore del P. Stanislao, lanovai delle scuole
second, being a Defence -of the Com-     pie pubblico professere di fisica-matemaIJE                                      b




OF AMERICAN  BOOKS.                                    3
tica. Terza Edizione con Illustrazione mind."  Had he been in office his death and
ed Aggiunte, e con una Seconda Disser- biography would have been sounded fi-om north
tazione sulle Vicende delle Longitudini t) south and firom New York to California, but
Geograsiche. 4to. pp. 75. $2 00. 1790. he had long since retired from public life into the
A SERMON, Preached at the Consecration shade of retirement. Hence this neglect.
of the Right Reverend Dr. Samuel Sea-....................Western Memorabilia.
bury, Bishop of the Episcopal Church in BAYLEY, RICHARD.  An Account of the
Connecticut.  By a Bishop of the Epis-      Epidemic Fever which prevailed in the
copal Church of Scotland. 8vo. pp. 50.      city of New York, during part of the
$1 50. Rare.           Aberdeen, 1785.      Summer and Fall of 1795. 8vo.  Calf.
ASHLEY, JOHN. Memoirs and Considera-             pp. 160. $2 50        New York, 1796.
tions concerning the Trade and Revenues BERKSHIRE JUBILEE, Celebrated at Pittsof the British Colonies in America, with    field, Mass., Aug. 22 and 23, 1844.  8vo.
proposals for rendering these Colonies      pp. 244. 8 plates.  $1.  Albany, 1845.
more beneficial to Great Britain.  8vo.   Contents.-Sermon by Mark Hopkins.  A
pp. 160. H'lf bd. $3.  London, 1740. Poem by William.Allen.  Oration by Joshua
ARISTIDES. Essays on the spirit of Jack- Spencer.  Recollections of Berkshire Indians, by
sonism, as exemplified in its deadly hos- Thomas XAllen. Literature of Berkshire. Names
tility to the Bank of the United States, of the Emigrant Sons of Berkshire.  Besides
and in the odious calumnies employed many minor pieces in both prose and poetry.
for its destruction.  8vo. pp. 151. $5. BLAIR, JAMES  (OF  VIRGINIA).   Our
Philadelphia, 1835.     Savior's Divine Sermons on the Mount
The Essays by Aristides are a collection of   Explained in divers Sermons and Disviolent, perhaps truthful and consciencious attackse    courses. 4 vols. 7vo. Calf, neat. $10.
on General Jackson, but more especially on the                            London, 1740.
incessant and unrclenting war he waged against   "-  our author has,' in my opinion, very
the United States Bank.  But it would appear aptly joined the Commentator, Preacher, and
that the performance did not convert the old hero, Casuist, all in one...... how happy a
for he persecuted that institution till he finally talent the author had in deciding points of great
overturned it, and with its fall thousands were moment, in a very few and plain words, but the
ruined by consequence of having their all in- result of deep consideration, and discovering a
vested in it.  When in full blast and good credit great compass of thought."-Dr. Waterland.
the shares sold for $125.00, and when wound up BONAPARTE,  CHARLES   LUCIAN.   A
$1.50.  The author of, this pungent treatise was  Geographical and Comparative List of
Col. Thomas L. McKiznney, well known as an      the Birds of Europe and North America.
author of aboriginal history, biography and an-  8vo.  pp. 67. $2 00.    London, 1838.
tiquities, and his connection with General Cass BRADAEN, LOUIS.  The Early Peopling of
duzring his governorship of the north-western ter-  America, and its Discovery before the
ritory, and their tour throughout the same; as  time of Columbus. 12mo. pp. 48. $1 50.
well as with the Indian department at the seat of                      New York, 1847.
Government.  He evidently had. a very bad BRITISH SPY. The Letters of the. Origiopinion of General Jrackson, whom he knew inti-  nally published in the Virginia Argue,
mately. He characterises him as possessing few   in August and September, 1803.  Third
or no virtues and stained with almost every      edition.  18mo.  pp. 128. $1 50.
negative and many positive vices. He was the                           Richmond, 1805:
greatest despot that ever wielded power; ignorant, BROWN, CHARLES B. Wieland the Transproud, obstinate, head-strong, wilful, jealous,    former.  An American  Tale.  12mo.
deceitful, implacable, unforgiving, vindictive,  pp. 298.  (Original edition.)  $2 00.
and ferociously revengful, at once the dupe and                         New York, 1798.
head of a hollow-hearted and domineering party. BUCANIERS.  The History of the Bucaniers
He, Col. McKinney, was an amiable, genial,       of America. 2 vols.  18mo.  $4 00.
warm-hearted man, often generous to his own                               London, 1774.
injury.  In conversation he was profuse in anec- BUNGAY  GEORGE W.  Crayon Sketches
dote, historical, biographical and miscellaneous.  and  Off-hand  Takings, Distinguished
In personal appearance he was tall, and erect in  American Statesmen, Orators, Divines,
gait as a West Point cadet; florid complexion,   Essayists, Editors, Poets, and Philanand a physiogonomy resembling Julius Caesar;     thropists.  12mo. pp. 156.  75 cts.
his hair white and glistening as threads of silver;                        Boston, 1852.
in short he was the perfect type of a noble-looking BUNYAN  JOHN.  The Pilgrims' Progress
old soldier.                                    from  this World to that which is to
He died in the spring of 1859, after a sickness  come.   With  remarkable  engravings.
of not more than three or Jbur days, of erysipelas,  18mo. pp. 166. $3 50. Boston, 1744.
and what is remarkable not a single paper in   This is without doubt the first American
the city of New York noticed the death of a man edition of the world renowned " Pilgrims's prowho had done much meritorious service for his gress," and the engravings must be amongst the
country both as a soldier and an author.  Thus first, if not the very first specimen of American
verifying the old adage, " Out of sight, out of engraving.
it ~ - B




4                             GOWANS' CATALOGUE
BUSHNELL, CHARLES I. An Arrangement CENSUS (U. S.). The Seventh.  4to. pp.
of Tradesmen's Cards, Political Tokens,    1158, Half bound in russia. $6 00.
also, Election  Medals, Medalets, &c.,                         Washington, 1832.
current in the United States of America CENSUS  of the State of New  York for
for the last sixty years, described from   1845.  Containing an Enumeration of
the originals, chiefly in the collection of    the Inhabitants of the State, with some
the author.  With Engravings.  8vo.        other Statistical Information, in pursupp. 118. $3 00.       New York, 1858.      ance of Chapter 3d of the first part of
CAMPBELL, A. A Connected View of the           the Revised Statutes, and of the Act
Principles and Rules by which the Living   amending the same, passed on the 7th of
Oracles may be intelligibly and certainly  May, 1845. Folio. $3 00.
interpreted; of the foundation on which                             Albany, 1846.
all Christians may form onle Communion; CENSUS of the State of New York for 1855.
and of the Capital Positions sustained in  Prepared from  the Original Returns, by
the attempt to restore the Original Gos-   Franklin B. Hough.  Folio. pp. 597.
pel and order of things; containing the    $3 00.                  Albany, 1857.
Principal Extras of the Millennial Har- CENTRAL  AMERICA.  Brief Statement,
binger, revised and corrected.  12mo.      supported by Original Documents, of the
pp. 408. $1.50.   Bethany, Va., 1835.    Important Grants conceded to the EastCARTER, ST. LEGER L.  Nugme, by Nu-            ern Coast of Central America, Commergator, or Pieces in Prose and Verse.       cial and Agricultural Company, by the
18mo. pp. 215. $1 25.                      State of Guatemala  With a Map of the
Baltimore, 1844.    Territory of Vera Paz, and another of
The above volume contains several ingenious  the Port of San Tomas. 8vo. pp. 137.
parodies on well known English poesens, a poem  2 maps. $2 00.         London, 1839.
on tobacco, one on the battle of New Orleans, and CIIILDS.  (Sir Joshua.)  New Discourse on
several describing local scenes in Virginia; be-  Trade, wherein is recommended several
sides several prose pieces, biographical, critical,  weighty points relating to Companies of
and historical.                                Merchants, Navigation, Woollen ManuCATALOGEUES.  Bibliothecm  HEarvardiarnm-      factures, Nature  of Plantations, &c.
Small 8vo. Bound.  $5 00,        1694.
Cantabrigie Nov-A$nglorum. Svo. pp.   The author speaks thus of the early settlers of
358. $2 00.            Bostoniae, 1790. the Northmerica    Coloies Ne
CENSUS. Aggregate amount of each descrip- the North.inercan Colonies:  "NewEngland,
tion of Persons in the United States and originally inhabited and since replenished by a
their territories according to the Census sort of people called Puritans, Virginia and
of 182terri. tories, pp. 49. $1 00. 180.Census Barbadoefirst peopled by a sort of loose vagrant
CENSUS. (The Fifth U.S. Census.)  Or people, vicious, and destitute of means to live."
Enumeration of the Inhabitants of the Newfoundland, Jamaica, tc., are treated on in
pe a like manner.
United States, 1830. To which is pre- CHRONICLES OF TURKEYTOWN, or the
fixed a Schedule of the whole number of    Works of Jeremy Peters.  Containing
Persons within the several Districts of    Works   f        Jeremy Peters.  Ctaining
the United States, taken according to the   he History of a Dreadful  Catastrophe
and Amours of Dr. Potts and Mrs.
Acts of 1790, 1800, 1810, 1820. Pub-                and the History of aTatterdelished by authority of an act of Congress.  malion.- 12mo. pp. 238  $1 25.
Folio. $3 50.       Washington, 1832.
Philadelphia, 1829.
CENSUS U. S. StatisticalView of thePopu- CLARK, PETER. A Defense of the Divine
lation of the, from 1790 to 1830, inclu-   Right of Infant Baptism, being in reply
sive. Furnished by the Department of    to Dr. John Gills' book entitled, The DiState, in accordance with Resolutions of   vine Right of Infant Baptism Examined
of the Senate of the United States on the  and Disproved.  8vo. pp. 464. 83 00.
26th of February, 1833, and 31st of                          Boston, N. E., 1752.
March, 1834. Folio. pp. 216. $2 00. CLAYTON, JOHANNES.  Flora Virginica
Washington, 1835.     Exhibens Plantas.  Qua. V. C.  Ed.
CENSUS. (The Sixth U. S:) Or Enumera-          Joh. Frea Gronoveus. 8vo. $5 00.
tion of the Inhabitants of the United                             Lugduni, 1739..States, as corrected at the Department of  *** This is thefirst treatise on botany written
State, in 1840. Folio. $3 50.         in.dimerica.
Washington, 1841. CLINTON, SIR HENRY. An Answer to the
CENSUS of the State of New York, for           part of the Narrative which relates to
1835.  Containing an Enumeration of    Earl Cornwallis' campaign during the
the Inhabitants of the State, with other   war of North America. 8vo. pp. 268;
Statistical Information, in pursuance of   Uncut. $2 00.           London 1783.
Chapter 3d of the first part of the Re- COBBETT, WILLIAM. The Life of Tqhomas
vised Statutes, and of the Act amending    Paine, interspersed. with Remarks and
the same, passed on the 16th March,        Reflections. ByPeterPorcupine. 12mo.
1835. Folio. $2 00.   Albany, 1836.        pp, 60. $2 00.    Philadelphia, 1797.




OF AMERICAN  BOOKS.                                   5
COLCROFT, HENRY ROEVE. Alballa; or CUSICK, DAVID   Sketches of Ancient Histhe Lord of Talladege. A Tale of tile    tory of the Six Nations, comprising first,
Greek War. 12mo. pp. 118. $1 50.            A Tale of the Foundation of the Great
New York, 1843.      Island  (now  North America), the two
Henry R. Schoolcraft was the author of the    Infants Born, and the creation of the
poem named above..t the time of publication    Universe; Second, A Real account of
it would appear he adopted the name of Colcraft,    the Early Settlers of North America, and
which has subsequently been abandoned for hLs    their Descendants; Third, Origin of the.present cognomen.                              kingdom of the Five Nations, which was
COLDEN, CADWALLADER.  An Explana-               called A Long House; The wars, Fierce
tion of the First Causes of Action and      animals, &c., with four rude wood cuts.
Matter; and of the Cause of Gravitation.    8vo. pp. 35. $6 00.  Lockport, 1848.
8vo.  pp. 75. $10 00. New York, plnt-   What invests this pamphlet with more than
ed, 1745. London, reprinted, 1746.     ordinary interest, is the fact of its being the proThis is without doubt an uncommonly rare duction of a pure blooded North American Inboo)k. No copy of it is known to belong to any dian, belonging to one of the Tribes of the Five
public library in the country. It possesses con- Nations, whose scanty remnants now inhabit
sidetable interest from the Jact that it is an early Western New York and Canada   Of course
New York production, by so celebrated a person- Cusick had a certain amount of education, as
age as the last Lieutenant- Colonel Governor of the many of his tribe have, or he could not have proProvince. It is bound with other four tracts on duced this pamphlet, defective as it is in orthoa kindred oubject.                          graphy and syntax.  It has become extremely
COLDEN, CADWALLADER  D.  Mvemoir, scarce; so much so that a veteran book collector
COLDEN, cADWALLADER  D.   Memoirt informed me that he made a journey, from Albany
Prepared at the Request of a Committee to Lockport, a distance of over three hundred
of the Comlm~on Council of the city of
New York, and presented to the  vitayorf miles, and then hired a Carriage to take him
New York, and presented  to the Maor  twenty miles into the interior, where Cusick had
of the city, at the Celebration of the
Completion of the New  York Canals spent the latter portion of his life, solely for the
4to.  pp. 46. Half hcalf, e   portraits: purpose of obtaining a copy; but his efforts
4to pp. lates406. Half calf, -simile leportraitsers proved unsuccessful no copy could hefind among
$10 00.               New York, 1825. the Indians or any of the whites inhabiting this
region. He tried to induce an old chief to proCOLUMBIAN MAGAZINE, THE. Or Month- cure and send hint the book some future day, by
ly Miscellany.  From  the commence- placing in his handfive dollars. He added, with
ment, Sept., 1786 to Dec., 1792, inclu- evident disappointment, "I have never heard of
sive.  Complete, with the exception of the book, the five dollars, nor the old chief, to this
the last six numbers of 1790.  7 vols. day.".......estern Memorabilia.
8vo. Excessively rare. $50 00.         D'HERRERA, ANTOINE.  Histoire Generale
Philadelphia, 1786, 1782.    des voyages et conquestes des Castillans
This is thefirst Magazinepublished in America  dans Isles & Terre-Ferme des Indes Ocafter the Revolution. It is adorned with a num-  cidentales. Par N. De La Coste. Ou
ber of portraits, views, local maps, 4c.,.c. It    l'on voit la prise de la grande ville de
has become very scarces indeed, complete copies  Mexique, &c. 4to. pp. 1818   $5.
could not be procured.                                                     Paris, 1671.
CONVENTION OF DELEGATES, Minutes of DAGGETT, NAPHTALI. The faithful servthe, from  the Synod of New York and        ing of God and our generation, the only
Philadelphia, and from the Associations     Way to a peaceful and happy Death. A
of Connecticut. Held annually from 1766     Sermon occasioned by the death of The
to 1775, inclusive.  8vo.  pp. 68.  75      Rev. Thomas Clap, (President of Yale
cts.                    Hartford, 1843.     college, in New Haven,) who departed
COX, DANIEL. A Description of the Eng-          this life Jan. 7th, 1767; Delivered in the
lish Province of Carolina, by the Span-     colledge-chapel Jan. 8th. 4to. pp. 38.
lards called Fllrida, and by the French     $3 00.               New Hav:sn, 1767.
La-Louisiana; and also of the Great and DAVENPORT, JOHN. The Power of ConFamous River Meschacebe or Missisipi;      gregational Churches asserted and vindithe Five vast Navigable Lakes of Fresh      cated. In answer to a Treatise of Mr. J.
Warter, and the Parts Adjacent. To-        Paget, Intituled The Defence of Church
gether with an Account of the Com-         Government, exercised in Classes and
modities of the Growth and Production       Synods.  18mo. pp. 187. $10 00.
of the said Province, and a Preface con-                            London, 1672.
taining some Considerations on the Con-   E. B. Corwin's copy sold for $12.
sequences of the French making Settle- DEBATES in the House of Delegates of Virments there.  12mo.  Old calf, neat.        ginia, in December, 1798, on Resolutions
pp. 174. With 2 maps. London, 1727.         before the House on the Acts of Congress,
In.fine condition, $5 00.                     called the Alien and Sedition Laws. Svo.
CROTONS WATER Report, various.                  pp. 182. Richmond, 1829. The ResoNew York, 1833-45.      lutions of Virginia and Kentucky, Penn-!.                                                                       =




6                             GOWANS' CATALOGUE
ed by Madison and Jefferson, in Relation    World) in a third voyage made by him
to the Alien and Sedition Laws. 8vo.    into the West Indies, in the Years 72 &
pp. 76. The two bound in one.- $2 50.       73. Faithfully taken out of the Reporte
Richmond, 1826.      of Mr. Christofer Ceely, Ellis, Hixon,
DE CORDOVA, J. Observations and Laws            and others who were in the same Voyage
Relating to Texas Lands, and claims         with him. By Philip Nichols, Preacher.
against the Late Republic of Texas, by      Reviewed also by Sr Francis Drake himJ. De Cordova, General Land  Agent.    selfe, before his Death. 4to. pp. 101.
12mo. pp. 15. 75 cts.   Texas, 1848.        15 pp. MSS. $5 50.      London, 1626.
DELAPLAINE'S Repository of the Lives and DU TERTRE, DEAN BAPTISTE-  Histoire
Portraits  of  Distinguished  American      Generale, des Isles des Christophe, de la
Characters. 4to. 3 parts in one volume.     Guadeloupe, de la Martinique, et autres
18Portraits. Frontispiece. pp. 348. $6.    dans L'Amerique.  Ou l'on verra l'esPhil'a, 1815.    tablissement des Colonies Francoises,
DENTON, DANIEL.  A  Brief History of            dans c;es Isles; leurs guerres Ciuiles &
New York, formerly New Netherlands.        Estrangers, & tout ce quise passe dans leS
A new edition, with copious notes, by the   voyages & retours des Indes.  Comlne
Holl. Gabriel Furman. 8vo. Fine Paper,      aussi plusieurs belles particularitez des
cloth. $1 00.         New York, 1845.       Antisles de l'Amerique. Une description
DENTON, DANIEL.  A Brief History of New         generale de l'Isle de la Guadeloupe; de
York, formerly New Netherlands.  New       tous ses Mineraux, de ses Pierreries, de
edition, with copious notes, by the Hon.    ses Riuieres, Fontaines & Estangs; & de
Gabriel Furman. 4to. Fine Paper. $5.    toutes ses Plantes. 4to. pp. 481. Map.
New York, 1845.      $5 00                       Paris, 1654.
Only 100 copies were printed upon paper of EDSALL, BENJ. B., and Rev. I. F. Tuttle.
quarto size.                                    The First Sussex Centennary, containing
"This is the first printed description, in the    the Addresses of. With Notes, AppenEnglish language, of the country now forming    dix, &c. 8vo. pp. 102. $1 50.
the wealthy and populous States of ]New York                             Newark, 1854.
and New Jersey; but being under one government ELLIOT, JO(YN, & SAMUEL JOHNSON. A
at that time (1670)..dnd so great was the rarity  Dictionary, comprising  the  choisest
of this book, that until the importation of the  words found in the best English Authors.
volume from which this small edition has been   2d ed. Sm. pock't 4to. $3. Suffield, 1800.
printed, but two copies were known to exist in the   This early attempt at compiling  an IngloUnited States; one in the State Library at Al-.American Dictionary appears to be recommended
bany, and the other in the Collection of Harvard by Theodore Dwight, N]oah Webster, Benjamin
University.                                 Trumbull, D. D., and sixteen other notables..d copy of the original edition was lately sold It is quite a curiosity in American Lexicography.
at a public sale in the city for $31! t  FANNY, CONTINUED.  (/1  Poem.)  8vo.
DEXTER, LORD TIMOTHY (the first and only        pp. 29. $5 00.        New York, 1820.
dAmerican Lord).  The Life of, embracing   This ingenious imitation and continuation of
Sketches of the Eccentric Characters one of the most celebrated dmerican poems, Fanny,
that composed his associates, by Samuel was written by Isaac S. Clason, author of the
L. Knapp, including  his  Lordship's XVII 4. XVJII Cantos of Don Juan Horace
"Pickles for the Knowing Ones, or Plain in NAew York, 4c.
Truths in a Homspen Dress.  Rude Por- FENELON (.drchbishop of Cambry).  Dissertrait in full length. 18mo. pp. 143. $2.    tation on Pure Love with an account of
Very rare.         Newburyport, 1848.       the Life and Writings of a Lady, for
DISH OF FROGS, THE. A Dramatic Sketch,          whose sake the Archbishop was banished
Presented to his Royal Highness, the        from court, and the grievous persecutions
Prince of Imu. By Monsieur Soupetard.       she suffered in France for her religion,
18mo. pp. 28. $1.  New York, 1839.          also Two Letters written by one of the
DOBBS, ARTHUR.  An  account of the              Lady's maids, during her confinement
countries adjoining to Hudson's Bay, in     in the Castle of Vicennes, where she
the north-west part of America, contain-    was a prisoner for eight years; one of
ing a description of their Lakes and        the letters was writ with a Bit of Stick
Rivers, the Nature of the Soil and Cli-    instead of a Pen, and Soot instead of
mates, and their Methods of Commerce,       Ink, to her brother; the other to a Cler&c. 4to. pp. 211. $3. London, 1744.         gyman, together with an Apologetic PreThis Book contains a short Vocabulary of the  face, containing divers Letters of the
Language spoke among the Northern Indians       Archbishop of Cambry, to the Duke of
inhabiting the north-west part of Hudson's Bay.  Burgundy, the present French King's
DRAKE, SIR FRANCIS.  Reviued calling            Father, and other persons of distincupon the Dull or Effeminate Age, to fol-    tion: also divers Letters of the Lady to
owe his Noble Steps for Golde & Silver,     Persons of Quality, relating to her Reliby this Memorable Relation, of the Rare     gious Principles.  12 mo. Old calf. pp.
occurrances (never yet declared to the      217. $3 00.    Germantown, Pa. 1750.! X.        -...     X




OF AMERICAN BOOKS.                                   7
FIELD, DAVID D. The Genealogy of the hibits exquisitespecimens of these traits, as well as
Brainard Family, in the United States, his travels of the Ex-Barber. He was found dead
with Sketches of Individuals. Five Por- in his bookstore, corner of Theatre Alley and Beektraits. 8vo. pp. 303. $5. N. York, 1857. man street, about 1839. His death much surprised
FIELDS, JAMES T. Poems. 16 mo. pp. hisfriends as none of them ever knew. that he had
128. Printed on thick paper, and bound been ailing. In physiognomy he bore a strong
in olive morocco. Presentation copy to resemblance to the celebrated Aaron Burr, small
Rufus W. Griswold, with the author's au- black, twinkling eye, dark, leathery, dead comtograph. Privately printed. $3 00.    plexion, and a solemn, sedate aspect, seldom lookCambridge, Sine Anno. ing mirthful or even pleased.
FINDLEY, WILLIAM. Observations on "The................... Western Memorabilia.
two Sons of Oil," containing a vindica- GAGE, THOMAS.  The English-American,
tion of the American Constitutions, and    his travail by Sea and Land; or, A New
defending the blessings of Religious Li-   Survev of the West Indies, containing A
berty and Toleration, against the illiberal  Journall of Three thousand and Three
strictures of the Rev. Samuel B. Wylie.    hundred Miles within the main land of
12 mo. pp. 366. $2.  Pittsburgh, 1812.     America.  Wherein is set forth his
FOX, GEORGE. Memoirs of the Life of, By        Voyage from Spain to St. de John Vlhua;
Henry Tuke. 12mo. pp. 327. $1 00.          and from thence to Xalappa, to Tlaxcila,
Philadelphia, 1815.    the City of Angeles, and forward to MexIt is not generally known that the venerable    ico; With the description of that great
George Fox was quite a voluminous writer. But  city as it was in former times, and also
so he wuas. The list of his published Treatises  at this present. Likewise his Journey
amounts to no less than 115; all of which are    from  Mexico through the Provinces of
enumerated at the end of Tuke's Life of him.   Guaxaca, Chiapa, Gautemala, Vera Paz,
FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN, The Works of.              Truxillo, Comayagua; with his abode
6 vols. 8vo. Boards. $6 75.                Twelve years Gautemala, and especially
Philadelphia, 1819.    in the Indian-towns of Mixco; Pinola,
FRANKLIN; BENJAMIN. Rules for Reduc-           Petapa, Amatitlam.  Folio.  pp. 236.
ing a Great Empire to a small one. To      $6 00.                  London, 1648.
which is subjoined the Declaration of GALLAHER, JAMES. The Western Sketch
Independence.  8vo. pp. 16. $100.          Book. 12mo. 408. $1.25.
London, 1793.                               Boston, 1850.
FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN.  M. T. Cicero's GALLATIN, ALBERT.  A Sketch of the
Cato Major, or discourse on Old Age.       Finance of the United States. 8vo. pp.
Addressed to Titus Pomponius Atticus,      202. $2 00.           New York, 1796.
With explanatory notes. By Benj.Frank- GARRARD, LEWIS H.  Chambersburg in
lin, LL. D. 8vo. Boards. $3 00.            the Colony and the Revolution.  A
London, 1778.     Sketch. 8vo. pp. 60. $1 50.
FRIENDLY ADDRESS, The. To all Reason.                              Philadelphia, 1856.
ably Americans, on the Subject of our GLENN, JAMES.  The Cap Against the
Political Confusions; carefully abridged   Cowl. The Lecture Room and Laborafrom the original. 8vo. pp..24. $2 00.    tory Versus the Pulpit and the Cloister.
New York, 1774.      4to. pp. 129. MS.  New York, 1855.
FRIBBLETON, GEORGE. Ex-Barber to his GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES.
Majesty the king of Great Britain.  Tra-   An Exposition of the Weakness and Invels in America. 12mo. pp. 216. $1 50.     efficiency of.  12mo. pp. 380. $5 00
New York, 1833.      Unique Stained. Privately'Printed.
This is one among the very many spirited and                        Sine Loco, 1845.
clever imitations of the renowned Baron Mun-   No sooner did this book make its appearance but
chausen's Travels.  The object of the author was it was immediately called in or suppressed on acto hold up to ridicule the many European Tour- count of its libelous character against all free goists who have, from time to time, visited Ame- vernments, but more especially that of the United
rica and published the results of their experien- States. The author's name is unknown, but it is
ces, observations. and disappointments, frequent- supposed he was at one time in high office in the
ly rather wide of the truth.  The.Author's name American Government.
was Asa Greene, M. D. who had been brought GRAINGER, JAMES.  The Sugar Cane: a
up in New England to the Medical profession,   poem in four books. With notes and
but not succeeding in the calling removed to New  frontispiece.  pp. 167. London, 1764.
York about 1830. Here he commenced Editor,     To which is added, The ancient English.uthor and Bookseller. For some time he con-   Wake: Poem by Mr. Jerningham.  pp.
ducted a popular penny paper entitled the Tran-  21.  London, 1779. Also, Poems by a
script. He was author of several books, among  young Nobleman, of Distinguished Abilithem, the best known is the Adventures of Dodimus    ties, lately deceased; Particularly the
Duckworth, the quack Steam Doctor. Perhaps no  State of England, and the once flourishAmerican author of his time surpassed him in    ing City of London, In a letter from an
quaint, genuine humor. The last named book ex-  American Traveller, Dated from  the
14




8                             GOWANS' CATALOGUE
Ruinous Portico of St. Paul's, in the co-editor of the work. It ended with the terminaYear 2199, To a friend settled in Boston, tion of the second volume; a longer life than more
the Metropolis of the Western Empire. than two-thirds of the American magazines enAlso, Sundry Fugitive Pieces, principally joy.
wrote whilst upon his Travels on the HAMILTON, ALEXANDER. The Works of.
continent. pp. 60. London, 1780. In        Comprising his correspondence, and his
one vol. 4to. $5 00.                       political and official writings, exclusive
GRAY, JAMES. The fiend of the Reforma-         of the Federalist, civil and military,
tion.detected. Part 1, the two sophisms    published from the original manuscripts,
detected, which have split the reformers   deposited in the Department of State.
into calvinist, arminians, Redemptional    Edited by John C. Hamilton.  7 vols.
universalist, &c. Part 2, a brief Review   8vo. cloth. $55 00.    New York, 1851.
of the Present State of the Reformed HANCOCK, JOHN, Tell Chapters in  the
churches; their controversies, sermons,    Life of. Originally published under,. the;
theological seminaries, some of the chief  name of the Writings of Saco, in 1789.
causes of their divisions assigned, and    8 vo. pp. 68. Cloth, $3 00. (Privately
some hints suggested Respecting the       printed.)              New York, 1857.
cure of their schisms. 8vo. pp. 144. HARLAN, RICHARD.  Fauna Americana;
*, $1 00.          Philadelphia, 1817.     being a description of the Mammiferous'
G#REBO LANGUAGE. A brief Grammatical            dnimals inhabiting North America. 8vo.
Analysis of the Grebo Language. 8vo. pp. 317. $2 00. Philadelphia, 1825.
pp. 36. 1 5Q. 50                    -HASSLER, FERD. ROD.  Comparison of
Cape Palmas, Africa, 1838.    Weights and Measures, of Length and
G)REENHOW, ROBERT. Memoir, Historical          Capacity, reported to the Senate of the
and Political, on the Northwest Coast of   United States by the Treasury DepartNorth America, and the adjacent Terri-     ment in 1832. 8vo. Half calf. pp. 122.
tories; illustrated by a map and a Geo-    Plates $2 00.       Washington, 1832.
graphical view of those countries. 8vo. HAWKINS, THOMAS.  The Book of the
pr. pp.228.  $1 00. Paper.                 GreatSea-Dragons, Ichthyosauriand Plewashington, 1840      siosauri, Gedolim Taninim, of Moses, exGRIFFITIHS, - JOHN.  A collection of the       tinct monsters of the ancient earth, with
Newest Cotillions, and Country Dances;           large Plates, copied from  skleprincipally composed by J. G., Dancing     tons in the Author's collection of Fossil
Master; to which is added, instances of    Organic Remains. (Deposited in the Britill-manners, to be carefully avoided by    ish Museum.)  Large folio. $3 00.
youth of both Sexes. Small 4to. pp.                                Loldon, 1840.
15. $5 00.          Troy, N. Y., 1795. HICKS, ELI.S. Journal of the Life and
This is the Jirst treatise on dancing that has  Religious Labors. Written by himself.
been printed and published in the United States.  8vo. Fine portrait. $2 25. N. York, 1832.
It is quite a shabby pamphlet both as to typo- HICKS, ELIAS. Two Sermons delivered in
graphy and paper. It proves two things, namely:  New York, 1st mo. 31st, 1830. 8vo. pp.
that printing was carried on at this early day in  32. 63 cts.       New York, 1831.
the then village of Troy, probably then ~umberig HICS,ELIAS,  The Last Letter of.   Written
bu~t a fea hundreds of inhabitants, henow number-  Hugh Judge, of Ohio. 8vo. pp. 6. 50 cts.
ing 36,000; and that dancing-must have then                             Jericho, 1830.
been a popular amusement, for the village contained not only a teacher of that art, but pro- Luther, the Knox and the Wesley among the
duced a treatise on the subject, which it may be broad-brims and drab coats, during his pilgrimsafely asserted that no other city, town or village age. Like all innovators or reformers he was
in the United States had done.             held up by the party who adopted his views and
HALCYON  ITINERARY, THE; and the sentiments as a genuine reformer, as having
HAMillenium Messenger. -;8mo. pp. 224. opened the eyes of the blind, and as an apostle
Milleniumt Messenger. 18mo. pp. 224.
$5 00.            Marietta, Ohio, 1807. little less than St. Paul, while on the other hand,
00.              Mariettone of, Ohio,1807. bthose opposed to him denounced him as a disturbThis must be one of thefirst books of a miscel- er of the peace, a pestilent fellow, and a coadjulaneous character printed in the State of Ohio.  tor of the peace, a pest elow, and a coadjbilia.
tor of the devi..........  Western Memorabilia.
HALCYON LUMINARY, THE, and Theolo- HICKCOX, JOHN H. An Historical Account
gical Repositary, a monthly Magazine,      of American Coinage. Plates. Royal 8vo.
devoted to Religion and Polite Literature;  pp. 147. $5 00.         Albany, 1858.
conducted By a Society of Gentlemen. HOOKER, THOS. A survey of the summe
In 2 vols. 8vo. pp 590-575. $3 00.         of Church  Discipline.  Wherein the
New York, 1812.      Way of the Churches of New England
This periodical was, in its day, the organ of    is warranted out of the Word, and all
New Jerusalem church denomination in America.  exceptions of weight, which are made
It abounds with able and interesting articles.    against it, answered. Whereby also it
The,imericanrpoet, Woodworth, author of the   will appear to the Judicious Reader that
" Old oaken bucket," was, I believe, at one time  something more must be said, than yet




OF AMERICAN BOOKS.                                9
hath been, before their principles can be    des Moeurs, Religion, Politique, Educashaken, or they should be unsettled in    tion et Commerce, des Peuples de cet
their practice. 4to. pp. 479. $5 00.    Empire. 12mo. 3 vols. in 1. Plates and
London, 1648.    Maps. $2 50.        Amsterdam, 1728.
HOSMER, H. L. Early History of the Mau- LETTER  from  the Secretary of State to
nmee Valley. 8vo. pp. 70. $1 00.        Charles C. Pinckney, Esq., in answer to
Toledo, 1858.    the complaints of the French Minister
IRVING, WASHINGTON. A History of New        against the Government of the United
York, from the beginning of the World    States, contained in his notes to the Sectothe end of the Dutch Dynasty, contain-    retary of State, dated the 27th of Octoing among many surprising and curi-    ber, and the 15th of November, 1796.
ous matters, the unutterable ponderings    12mo. pr. pp. 54. $1 00.
of Walter the Doubter, the Disastrous                       New York, 1797.
Projects of William the Testy, and the LIGON, RICHARD, Gent. A true and exChivalric Achievements of Peter the     act history of the Island of Barbados.
Headstrong, the three Dutch Governors    Illustrated with a map of the Island, as
of New Amsterdam, being the only au-    also the principal trees and plants there,
thentic history of the times that ever    set forth in their due proportions and
hath been published. 2 vols. 12mo. pp.    shapes, drawne out by their severall and
292 and 248. Portrait and a view of    respective scale. Together with the InNew York in 1640. $5 00. Phila. 1812.    genio that makes the Sugar, with the
This is the second edition of this remarkable    Plots of the severall Houses, Roomes,
book. It is adorned with a full length portrait    and other places, that are used in the
of DEDERICK KNICKERBOCKER, thefictitious his-    whole process of Sugar making; viz:
torian, and a view of New dlmsterdam (now   the Grinding-room, the Boyling-room,
New York) as it appeared about the year 1640.  the Filling room, the Curing House,
INDIAN SPEECHE AN.  In Answer to a    Still House, and Furnace. All cut in
sermon preached by a Sweedish Mission-    Copper. Folio. pp. 124. $6 00.
ary at Conastogo, in Pennsylvania. To                         London, 1657.
which is added a brief account of the LOCKE, JOHN.  A Collection of Several
Vision and death of the late Lord Little-    Pieces of; never before printed, or not
ton, also Lord Kames' Anecdote of the   extant in his works. 8vo. pp. 441. $1 50.
melancholy end of a Profligate Young                           London, 1720.
Man. 12mo. pp. 12. $1. Stanford, 1806.  This volume contains thefundamental ConstiJOHN BULL. The diverting history of John tution of Carolina by Mr. Locke, besides many
Bull and Brother Jonathan. By Hector curious pieces.
Bull-us. 18mo. pp. 135. $5 00. Rough LOCKE, RICHARD  ADAMS.  The Moon
Calf,-very fine preservation.           Hoax, or the discovery that the Moon
New York, 1812.    has a vast population of Human Beings.
KENNET, BASIL. Twenty Sermons preach-    IIlustrated with a view of the Moon as
ed on several occasions, to a Society of    seen by Lord Ross' Telescope. 8vo. pp.
British Merchants in Foreign Parts. 8vo.    63. 50 cts.      New York, 1859.
Calf. pp. 358. $1 50.  London, 1727. LOCO-FOCOISM, as displayed in the Boston
KEY, FRANCIS S. Poems of.the late, au-    Magazine against Schools and Ministers,
thor of the " Star Spangled Banner,"    and in favor of robbing children of the
with an Introductory Letter by Chief    property of their parents! Christiansl
Justice Taney. 12mo. Mor. full gilt.    Patriots I! Fathers! read and reflect! 8vo.
very neat. A splendid copy.' pp. 203.    pp. 32. $1 00.        Albany, 1840.
$3 00.              New York, 1857. MACLAURIAN LYCEUM, Contributions to
LATER FROM HELL, or, Philotheologias-    Arts and Sciences: 3 parts all published.
tronomos' eulogism of Rev. Ezra Stiles    Plates. $2 00.  Philadelphia, 1827-29.
Ely's Dream. 8vo. pp. 30. 75 cts.   MAPS. (In Miniature onone Sheet.) With the
Philadelphia, 1825.    depth of water of the Harbours of the
LEDYARD, JOHN. A Journal of Captain    principal English, French and Spanish
Cook's last'Voyage to the Pacific Ocean,    Towns in America. Among them New
and in quest of a North-west Passage,    York, Boston, Louisbourg, Charles-town,
between Asia and America; performed in  Havana, Quenca, Martinico, &c. 14 by 18
the years 1776, 1777, 1778 and 1779. 8vo  inches. $5 00.       London, 1739.
pp. 208. $300.        Hartford, 1783. MARSH, GEORGE P. The Goths in New
LE GENTIL. Nouveauvoyage au tour du         England. A Discourse delivered at the
monde.  Enrichi de Plusieurs Plans,    Anniversary of the Philomathesian SoVie~s  anid. Perspectives des Principles    ciety of Middlebury College. Aug. 15,
villes and Ports du P6rou, Chily, Bresil,    1848. 8vo. pp. 39. $1 25.
et:de la Chine avec une description de                     Middlebury, 1843.
l'Empire de la Chine, beaucoup plus am- MARVIN, HENRY. A Complete History of
ple et plus circonstancide quecelles qui    Lake George, embracing ~ great variety
ont paru jusqu'a Present, ofi il est traiti    of information and compiled with an es--- --..    B —-----------------




10                            GOWANS' CATALOGUE
pecial reference to meet the wants1853. of the rica, as one of the moirst intmberesting and magni- equoyah,
MATHEMATICAL CORRESPONDENT, The, or George Guess, the inventor of: the Cherokee
Containvelling new elucidationst, discoveries alphabet; a remarkable man, having in his chascriptive guide together with a. complete biographies, written by Col. McKenvey and James
and history and presrentches racter and appearance mof Ti- Hall, moresq., of theCincinnati, are suficiently copious
of mathematics. With a fine head of tha~nof the.inmerican red man..tiother portrait.
George Baron, engraved by Dr. An dersonl, of great interest is that of an Osage woman; a face
conderoga. I. 12mo. pp. 10242. M rare. $12 00. remarkablewn from the most auintelligentic sources. sione
New York, 185304. MEMORIALS. Written on sev first number is that occaf Sequoyahns
MATHEMATICAL CORRESPONDENT, The, of, discor red and  duringe Guess, the Illness and afterntor of the Decease
Conxplained; in which theNelucidations, discoveries alphabet; a Thremarkabe Little oys.man, having in his cha-of
the Combination of the Elements in varthe Mous brnful Poems Suracter and appearance much more of thave Orbeental
of matheormatics. With a fine head of than of the me rictten redby W. Hman. an8vo.ther portraip. 52.
tiGeorge Baron, Locomotioengraved by Dr., &. are exhibiinterest is that of an Osage woman; aface
in such Plain and Simple views, with    founded upon principle, By a General
References to the Phenomena as they        Offcer. 8vo. pp. 258. $1 50.
-  exist in nature, that they cannot be mis-                    Philadelphia, 1776. 
Voltaken. Plates. 28vo. pp. 45248. Very rare. $1 00. remarkable for beauty and inof two Privatelligent expression
New York, 180436. MEMSoldiers, 1758Wr —1775, witten on sevumeral occasions
McALPINTTER. The Elements of, discoveres, and  during the Illustrative No tes,  to w hich is added ase
coExplained; in which theNaturers  o f some  of Three Little Boys. A collectioars on
the Combinarestion of the Exploements and Singular Adven- the SkiMournful Poemmishes atSupposed Leingto hand Concord.
veformation of matter; the Origin of I.celes- written by W.native High-. Parmly. 8vo. pp. 1285 $2. Poughkeepsie, 1855.
tilander, from the principles of his Emigration MILLER, STEPHEN F$1 00. The Bench and Bar 1842.
tifrom SLocotland to America, &.1773; during of Georgiabited MILITARY DISCIPLINE. A New Syskethes.m of,
thin such Plain and Simple views, wattachment With fouan Appendied upon ptainciple, Byng a GeneCourtal
to, and hazardous attendaference on British Roll frPhenomena 1790as they Officer1857. 2 vols. 8vo. pp. 258. $1 50
exist in nature, that they cmmand of th be miGen-  937. $4 00.  Philadelphia, 1776858.
erals Carelton and urgoynepp. 45. $1 00.their MILINNESOTARY JOURNALS, THE, of twohe Minnesotavate
several operations that Hewasconcer ned  Historicalk, 1836.  Socldiety.  Materials for with  numerous
McALPINE, J.  Genuine Narratil December, 1779.and  Illustrative Notes, tory of Minnesotas being a
of hnis Negleted services; and Humbly      Report of  the most  Supplement con esota   Historffical Papers oniInto Requesting Exploits or and Singularation of e tyn-  t he Skirmishes at ive  Assembly. Toncord.
hiventures L osses  in the Royalcause. Enative ry which is added an Address delivered, 1855.
circumstane Related Faithfully, and beforeom the time of histo Emigration MILLER, SociTEPHEN F. The Benchty andt its sixthBar
wifrom Scotland to Americacy, contai 1773; during nothing but f  anniversary, Feb. 1st, 1856,   Skeby  the Hon.
the Long period of his faithful attachment  With an Appendix, containing a Court
to, andisputable factzardous  thatten can be  weon British  Roll H.from 1790 to 1857. 2 vols.  vo.and Por-p.
Armys, vouchedander the com wntomany       trait of  Jonathane Gen-  937. $4 0.  Roy Philadelphia, 1858.
erals Careltoemen ofand Burgoynod character, in botheir MINNESOTApp. 149.. $1. Annals of the Minnesota., 1856.
thseveral operations that He was concerned MilitaryH lines of Life; MINSULstorical Societyhe Materian Cibber). the
in; ticarefully arrangedDecember, and1779. To complainshed for the Rural Felicity: a Comic Opersota; bewith the
use of the Publick at Large. 12mo. pp.and Humbly Repor of Patrick andhe Minnesota Historiage of So-helty.
63.to Request Go v ernmy rare  pamphlet. $10  00.   8vo.  pp.  Legislative Assemblyes.  To3 50.
Greenock, 1780.                           New York, 1801.
McKENNEY, THOMAS L., & J. HALL. In- MINSHULL, JOHN. The Sprightly Widow
dian TribLosses of No th    Amerioyal cause. and their  with the Froics of Youth; oradded an Address delivered
circumstance Related Faithfully, and before with Biographical Societhes and Way to Unite the Sexes by Honorable
with all delicacy, containing nothing but'    anniversary, Feb. 1st, 1 856, by the Hon.
An edotes of the principa    l Chiefs   e.   Hl. Sibley.   v  w  She  Stoouts and Porvouched, and are mostly known to many      trait of Jonathan Carver.  Royal 8vo.
Gentlemen of good character, in both       pp. 149.. $1 50. St. Pauls, Mim., 1856.
Mcthe Privatenney   and  MiHa llit  ih 120 larg e and  Conquer;  or,  (the iAmerican W if e T riumph-).
bearetifully colorranged, and publortraits of thed for the Rural Felicitynt: a Comic Opera; with three Acts.. 30.
fi'om the Indian Gallery in the Depart-    1804  Mary's Dream;* Humorous Triusment of    arthe Publick at W ashingrge. 2mo. mplete  umpor of ver the Poet in Petticoats, andof Shelty.
in 3 vols. Imperial folio. Handsomnely    the Gallant E~xploits of the Knight of the
half bound, morocco, gilt back and gilt    Comb: a Comedy in three Acts. pp. 29.
63edges   New.   Pub. at  $120 00 in parts. All bound in one.  $6 00.  Fine Portrait by Scoles. $3 50.
$1   00.          Gr Philadelphiaenock, 1838.  by Scoles.   New York, 1804.
Some years ago Cot. McKenney obtained from    ~lnshull was a prominent New York citizen
GovernMcKENNEY, THOMAS L., & J. HALL. In- aboMINSHULL, JOHN. Tend fhe e last century. He was theidow
dian portraitbes depof North America andin the War wiDepartment, authe Fror of several plays, which do ot possess very
History, with Bication i lithographical. The much merit and Way to Unite thenow entirels by Honorablgotten and
Anecdotes of the principal Chiefs. By      Marriage. pp. 64. 1802. She Stoops to
McKenney and Hall.  With 120 large and     Conquer; or, the Virgin Wife Triumphbdesign was accoplishored portraits of thlarge scale, ant: ad thedy indn threed could notActs. perhaps be procured.
from the Inditioan is valled, bothry in thEurope Depart- 1804 Mary's Dream; Hu...................... Wester Memorous Tabilia.
ment of War at Washington. Complete        unph over the Poet in Petticoats, and
in 3 vols. Imperial folio. Handsomely    the Gallant Exploits of the Knight of the
half bound, morocc o, gilt back and gilt   Comb: a Comedy in three Acts. pp. 29.
edges. New. Pub. at $120 00 inparts.       All bound in one. $6 00. Fine Portrait
$100 00.           Philadelphia, 1838.     by Scoles.            New York, 1804.
Some years'ago Col. McKenney obtained from    Minshull was a prominent New York citizen
Government permission to take copies of the In- about the end of the last century. He was the
dian portraits deposited in the War Department, author of several plays, which do not possess very
with a view to publication in lithograph.  The much merit and are now entirely forgotten, and
design was accofaplished on a large scale, and the indeed could not perhaps be procured.
Tolio edition is valued, both in:Europe and Ame-....Western- Memorabilia.




OF AMERICAN  BOOKS.                                 1 
MIRROR, THE NEW. Of Literature, Amuse-         eight plates and a colored map. Folio.
ment, and Instruction, containing Tales    pp. 297. $33 00.  Very scarce.
of Romance, Sketches of Society, Man-                          Philadelphia, 1829.
ners and every day Life, Domestic and NARRATIVE OF AN EXPEDITION to the
Foreign Correspondence, Wit and Hu-        east coast of Greenland, sent by order of
mour, Fashion and Gossip, the Fine         the king of Denmark, in search of the
Arts and Literary, Musical and Dramatic    Lost Colonies, under the command of
Criticism. Extracts from  New Works,       Capt. W. A. Graah, of the Danish Royal
Poetry, Original and Select, the Spirit    Navy, Knight of Dannebrog, &c  Transof Public Journals, &c., &c. Numerous      lated from the Vanish, By the Late G.
fine Plates. -I vols. royal 8vo.  Half     Gordon Macdougall, F. R. S. N. A., With
bound in morocco. $6 50.                   the Original Danish chart completed by
New York, 1843-1844.      the Expedition.  8vo. pp. 216. $2.
MOORE, FRANCIS. A Voyage to Georgia,                                    London, 1837.
begun in the year 1735. Containing an NATIONAL PORTRAITS, Catalogue of, in
account of the settling the town of    Independent Hall, Philadelphia, comFrederica, in the southern part of the     prising many of the signers of the Declaprovince, and a description of the Soil,    ration of Independence, and many others.
Air, Birds, Beasts, Trees, Rivers, Islands,  8vo. pp. 23. 50 cts.    Phila., 1858.
&c., with the rules and orders made by NEWARK  (NEW  JERSEY).  Directory of
the Honorable the trustees for that set-    the city of, for 1855-56. Map of the
tlement; including the allowances of       city.  12mo.  pp. 432.  Compiled by
Provisions, Clothing, and other necessa-   B. T. Pierson. $1. Newark, N. J., 1855.
ries to the Families and servants which NEW YORK COLONIAL HISTORY. Docuwent thither. Also a description of the    ments relative to the Colonial History of
town and county of Savannah, in the        the State of New York; procured in Holnorthern part of the province; the man-    land, England and France, by John Roner of dividing and granting the lands     meyn Brodhea], Esq., Agent.  Edited
and the improvement there, with  an        E. B. O'Callaghan, M. D., LL. D. With
account of the Air, Soil, Rivers and       a general Introduction by the agent. 11
Islands in that part. 8vo. pp. 108. $5.    vols. 4to. Clo. Maps, &c. $30 00.
London, 1744.                           Albany, 1856-60.
MORGAN, JOHN (M. D.). A discourse upon NEW  YORK DIRECTORIE8. From 1804 to
the Institution of Medical Schools in      1860, inclusive, with the exception of
America; delivered at a public Anniver-    1805-8-9.  55 vols.  12mo. and 8vo.
sary Commencement, held in the College     $300 00.           New York, 1804-60.
of Philadelphia, May 30, and 31, 1765.   There can be no better chronological step-ladder
8vo. pp. 91. $10 00.                   for presenting in a clear light the gradual growth
Philadelphia, 1765. or decline of a city than a consecutive series of its
This book is a great curiosity, both in re- directories, giving annually the number of houses,
spect to typography as well as Medical history. with the names of the respective householders
It is undoubtedly among the first of American thereof, public institutions and private entermedical productions, and what renders it still prises, 4c.  Here are facts without fiction or
more valuable, it is from the press of the son of coloring; a solid base for correct estimate; in
the 2:merican Caxton, William Bradford. This short, a reliable reference book not to be doubted.
copy is in good preservation and in the original It must be remembered that statistics is the corner
binding.  Corwin's copy, although much infe- stone of history; without them history would derior, sold for $9 50.                      generate into romance and unmeaning fiction.
MORSE, JED1DIAH.  A Report to the Sec- J series of New York Directories form a perfect
retary of War of the United States, of miniature of the rise and progress of the.dmerican
Indian Affairs, comprising a Narrative Metropolis.
of a tour performed in the summer of NEW  YORK.  Document of the Board of
1820, under a commission from the Pre-     Aldermen.  Report on laying out the
sident of the United States, for the pur-  new park. With a colored map of the
pose of ascertaining, for the use of the   same. 8vo. Paper. $1 00.
Government, the actual state of the In-                          New York, 1852.
dian tribes in our country. Illustrated NEW  YORK State Library Catalogue. In
by a map of the United States; orna-       Four Departments, namely: General
mented by a correct portrait of a Pawnee   Literature, Law, Maps, and Bibliography.
Indian. 8vo. pp. 400.  $2 00. Very         4 vols. Royal 8vo. J morocco. $10.
fine copy. Uncut.   New Haven, 1822.                                Albany, 1856.
MORTON,  SAMUEL  GEORGE.   Crania NEW  YORK.- The Natural History of the
Americana; or a Comparative view of        State of New York, with an astonishing
the Skulls of various ARboriginal Nations of    profusion of Plates-some colored; and
North and Sa$oh America. To which is       a lengthy Introduction by the Hon.
prefixed an Essay on the Varieties of the  William  H. Seward.  19 vols.  4to.
Human Species. Illustrated by seventy-     Map. $110 00.         Albany, 1842-55.




12                            GOWANS' CATALOGUE
NIAGARA FALLS.  Table Rock Album, or PAINE, THOMAS. An Extraordinary ColSketches of the Falls and Scenery Ad-       lection of Pamphlets by, for and against
jected.  12mo. pp. 108. $1 25.             this celebrated man.  Among them his
Buffalo, 1850.    Trial for Blasphemy and the Trial of his
Among the contributers to this.Rlbum will be  book seller for publishing and selling
found the names of Lords Morpeth and Durham,    his pamphlets, &c., &c. In all, 40. $10.
Sir Francis Head, Rev. J. Dowling, John G.                              London, V. D.
Saxe, Willis Gaylord Clark, J. S. Buckingham, PAMPHLETS. An extraordinary collection of
and over one hundred others.                    pamphlets,. chiefly American, consisting
NEW  YORK CITY.  Corporation Manuals.           of Speeches, Orations, Addresses, LecFrom  the commencement in 1841  to    tures, Biography, Local History, Sermons,
1860.   With  numerous  Fac-similies,      Political Discussions, Banking, Poetry,
Maps, View and Plates. 18 vols. 24mo.,    and on a great variety of other subjects.
18mo., and 12mo.  Compiled by David        Bound up in.310 vols. 8vo. $930. V. D.
Valentine. $30    New York, 1841-60.   A manuscript catQlogue, giving the full title,
This series of books (The New York Corpora- number of pages, wfere published, and date, will
tion Manuals) has become an important item in aceompany the collection.  This formidable body
the,Antiquarian, Historical, Biographical and of pamphlets cost the collectorfifteen years' labor
Literary annals of the city of New York.  To in bringing them together.
those desiring information about the city, or who   Pamphlets having this considerable advanmay be writing on the subject, will find these tage, that, springing from some immediate occabooks indispensible repositories of information. sion they are copied more direetly from thelife;
Mr. Valentine deserves well, and more than well, so likelier to bear a resemblance than any more
of the community, and of posterity which will come extended draughts taken by a remote light; the
after him, for having been such a faithful and writers have a less opportunity to comment, and
judicious gleaner of these scattered historic frag- their writings are less liable to admit such foul
ments and antiquarian facts, and giving them a and frequent practices of plagiary as books of
shape which will command,respect, as well as to matter more various, and bulk more voluminous,
secure them a permanency. The eollection of fac- too often exhibit. Besides, the author being more
similes and maps alone, say nothing of the en- vigorously prompted to application by the expegraved views, are of great intrinsic value, and diency to bring forth his work, opportunity is
possess a charming interest to all who love to con- urged to shake out the image of his mind at a
template past transactions.                 heat, in the most natural form and symmetry,....................Western Memorabilia. in the most significant circumstances at once, selNOURSE, JAMES.  The New Testament of dom allowing leisure for the writer to dote upon
our Lord and Saviour, Jesus Christ; ordream  over his work, whether to disguise it
Translated out of the Original Greek, and with the conceptions of other men nor to deform
with the former Translations diligently it with chimeras of his own.   Hence they are
compared and revised. The Text of the preferred by many critics to discover the genuine
common Translation is arranged in para- abilities of the author and the true map of the
graphs, such as the sense requires; the time or things before the more dilatory and accudivision of chapters and verses being mrulated productions.
noted in th6 margin, for reference. By..........F. MORGAN'S Phoenix Britannicus.
James Nourse, A. M. 8vo. pp. About PANCIROLLI GUIDONIS. Rerum  Memora$2 00.              Philadelphia, 1829.     bilium  sive  deperditarum  Pars Prior
OLDMIXON, JOHN.  The British Empire             commentarijs illustrata et focis prope inin America, containing the History of the   numeris postremum aucta ab Henrico SalDiscovery, Settlement, Progress and State   muth Ambergensium  Sijndico Emerito.
of the British Colonies on the Continent   4to. pp. 372,also, Clarissimi Nova Reand Islands of America. 2 vols.  8vo.      perta sive Rerum  Memoribilium  Recens
Calf.  pp. 601 and 478.  Maps. Fine        Inventarum and verteribus incognitorum
copy. $5 00.             Lonldon, 1741.     Pars Posterion; Ex Italico latini reddita
nec non commentariis illustrata et locis
OTIS, JAMES. The Rights of the British          prope innumeris postremum  aucta ab
Colonies asserted and proved.  Third        Henrico Salmuth Ambergensium syndico
Edition, corrected. 8vo. pp. 120. $2 50.   emerito. 4to. pp. 328. $4 00.
Boston, N. E., 1766.                          Francofurti, 1631.
OTT, JAMES CRAMER. The Truth accord- PATENT OFFICE REPORT for 1843.  pp.
ing to and with the World. $1 50.          335. 8vo. uncut and unbound, $3 00.
Albany, 1850.     very rare.           Washington, D.C.
OXFORD  ACADEMY  JUBILEE, Held  at PATENT RIGHT OPPRESSION Exposed, or
Oxford, Chenango County, N. Y.,August      Knavery Detected in an address to unite
1st and 2d, 1854. Four fine steel por-     all good people to obtain a Repeal of the
traits; viz: Henry W. Rogers, R. W.         Patent Laws.  d Poem with copious notes.
Juliand, Jobi-n Tracy and Horatio Sey-     Patrick N. J. Elisha, Esq., Poet Laureate,
Imour. 80Vo. pp. 130; $2 00.                12mo. pp. 189.  Very rare.  $1 50.
New York, 1856.                           Philadelphia, 1814.
N,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 




OF AMERICAN  BOOKS.                                  13
i
PAYNE, JOHN HOWARD. Lispings of the lthrow of British power in their thirteen provin-!
Muses, a Selection from Juvenile Poems, ces in North America by the afterwards memochiefly written at and before the age of rable revolution.  Many of the papers are of a
sixteen.  8vo. pp. 30. $2 00.          decided RED REPUBLICAN stamp communicated
London, 1815. by Americans who appeared to have entertained
The following endorsement in the hand writing a very unfriendly opinion of the mother couznof the author is to be found upon the fly leaf:  try.  The volzumes are adorned with a number
"Isaac S. Clason, Esq.. from  his friend, of political caricature plates, they may be said
John Howard Payne. London, Sept. 2, 1820." tobe the harbinger to the celebrated periodical
Clason was byprofession an actorand had ac- entitled, ALMON'S AMERICAN REMEMBRANCER;
quired some celebrity both in England and Ameri- indeed, the one appears to be the necessary pen-,
ca as such, but he is, or willperhaps be hereafter bet- dant to the other.
ter known as the author of the continuation of the PROTESTANT Episcopal Historical Society,
Don Juan cantos, XVII and XVIII, a very         Collections.  Vol. II.  Containing the
clever imitation of Lord Byron's style of writing;  Life of the pioneer Missionary, Rev. Jaalso Fanny continued, a no less remarkable imi-    cob Bailey.  By W. S. Bartlett, with
itation of the style of Fitz Greene Halleck. He  notes by Bishop Burgess.  3 portraits,
died miserably in London, report says on the    8vo.  pp. 365.  $2 50.
one hand, by starvation, on the other, by suicide.                    New York, 1853.
Payne died at Aleppo in 1852, while in the capa- PSALTERIUM  AMERICANUM. The Book
city of. American consul at that place.         o
PENN, WILLIAM    An Address to Protest-    formed unto the Original, but all in blank
ants upon the present Conjuncture. In      verse, fitted unto the tunes commonly
II Parts. 4to. pp. 148. $3.    1679.        used An our churches.   Which Pure
PENN, WILLIAM.  (Founder of Pennsyl-            Offering is accompanied with Illustravania.)  The Works of.  Very neat.    tions, digging for hidden treasures in it;
Calf backs and corners. Bothtitles lost,    and Rules to employ it upon the Glori-I
otherwise  a desirable copy.  2 vols.      ous and Various Intentions of it. Wherefolio. $6 50.      -                       to are added some other portions of the
PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE, The, Or Ame-             Sacred Scripture, to Enrich the Cautionrican Monthly Magazine (said to have       al.  12mo. pp. 452. $40 00.
been edited by Tom. Paine).  8vo. Vol.                     Boston, in N. E., 1718.
1. pp. 490.  Plates and Local Maps.   With the exception of the "Bay Psalm Book,".Autograph of James.Abercrombie. $10 00. teth the xcepto  f the raa    this is
very rare.          Philadelphia, 1775. thefirst book printed in North America, this is
PILPAY. The Instructive and entertaining  the scarcest of all the early printed Hymn Books
Fables of, an ancient Indian Philosopher, podced by the Americ.n press in  Colonial
containing a number of excellent Rules times.  This copy is in the origital binding in
for the conduct of persons of all ages, perfect condition and apparently has never been
and in all stations, under several heads. sed. The version is said to h ave been the produc4th Edition corrected, improved and en: tion of the renowned Cotton Mather, the most
larged.  8vo. pp. 127. uncut. $5 00. voluminous writer lAmerica has produced. His
London printed, America re-printed, publications amount in number to not less than
1784. 382. Of course many of these are single serWonderfull to relate, this renowned piece of mons and pamphlets but still there are many of
~C~~T(Yondefu l trelte  ths e~nurlediecofthem single volumes, and some of them in more
curious Alntiquitie should have been printed in them  single volumes, and sone of them in more
the United States at this early day.  The book than one. For a further account of this book.'~ see Hood's Histort of zusic i   ew z,,ngtana,
even then must have been a great rarity n Eu- see Hood's History of Music in Ne  E.ngland,
rope. and, of course, at tile time almost u- a book, by the by, which contains a good deal
known in America except among the case-hard- bibliographical information.
ened book-collectors, which, no doubt then afew RAGUET, CONDY.  The Banner of the
werc scattered up and down  throughout the      Constitution. Devoted to General Policountry at the time.  Whoever re-printed or    tics, Political Economy, State Papers
caused this book to be re-printed at that time  Foreign and Domestic. 3 vol. large fomust have been a great enthusiast for none else    lio. $10 50.    Washington, 1830-32.
would have done it.  It has affixed neither RAYMOND, WILLIAM. Biographical Sketchprinter's name nor place where printed, but     es of the distinguished men of Columsimply thus, " London printed, America Re-      bia County, including an account of the
printed, MDCCLXXXIV."                           most important offices they have filled.
POLITICAL REGISTER, (The) and Impar-            8vo. pp. 119. $1 00. In all 29 Biogtial Review of New Books.  11 vols. in     raphies.                  Albany, 1851.
6. 8vo. treed calf. Plates in each vol- REESE, DAVID  M.  Humbugs of New
ume. Very neat. $20 00.  Published         York: being a remonstanee against Popby J. AJl':.-n.      London, 1767-72.      ular Delusion. whether in Science, PhiIn these volumes will befound the germ of    losophy or Religion.  12mo. pp. 273.
the discontent which afterwards led to the over-  $1 00.               New York, 1838.! e._ _ _ _.                             




14                            GOWANS' CATALOGUE
REES, JAMES.  The Dramatic authors of    ted, the other of the matters contained
America. 12mo. pp. 144. $1 00.             in the observations.  18mo. calf, pp.
Philadelphia, 1845.     598. $10 00.            London, 1638
A work showing a considerable amount of   The descendants of the pilgrims have not
bibliographical industry. Here is a little book ceased to this day to revere the memory of JOHN
giving a catalogue of one hundred and eleven ROBINSON.
American dramatic authors, with a list of their ROYALL, MRS. ANNE. The Black Book, or
respective plays, occasional short biographical  a Continuation of Travels in the United
sketches, notices of some of the American Thea-  States. 3vols.  2mo.pp.328,396 and
tres throughout the country and a meagre chronology of the American Theatre.                235. $6 00.         Washington, 1828.
Although the author has aimed at alphabeti- ROYALL, MRS. ANNE.  Pennsylvania, or
cal arrangement his book is quite defective in  Travels Continued in the United States.
this respect, as well as in others, having neither  2 vols. 12mo. pp. 276 and 317. $3 00.
chapters, headings,prominent catch-words, chro-                    Washington, 1829.
nological arrangement, contents nor index; be- ROYALL, MRS. ANNE. Sketches of HIistosides he has quite defaced his book by occasion-  ry, Life and Manners in the United
ally introducing parts of scenes of certainplays  States. By a Traveller. 12mo. pp. 392.
which has much incumbered his performance,     $1 50.                New York, 1826.
without adding interest or value to it. Not- ROYALL, MRS. ANNE. Southern Tour, or
withstanding all this the author deserves great ROYALL,  MRS. ANNE. Southern Tour, or
credit for this performance, inasmuch as it is  Second Series of the Black Book. 3 vol.
the first and only one of the kind (so far as I  8vo. pp. 181, 217, and 246. $4 00.
can learn) that has appeared in the country. It                    Washington, 1831.
will be an excellent nucleus for a more extend- ROYALL, MRS. ANNE. Letters from  Alaed and better arranged treatise on the same sub-  bama, on various subjects; to which are
ject................... Western Memorabilia.    added an Appendix, containing remarks
RELATIONS DES JESUITS, contenant ce            on sundry Members of the 20th Congress,
qui s'est passe de plus remarquable dansand other high characters at the Seat of
les missions des Pyres de la Compagnie     Government. 8o.pp.  238. $2 00.
de Jesus dans la Nouvelle France. Ou-Washington, 1830.
vrage publi6 sous les auspices du gouv-   This Amazon would have been more approernement Canadien. 3 vols. royal 8vo. priately employed as a fishmonger in Billingsof about 900 pp. each. $15 00. Paper gate Market, or a Meg Merrilies heading a
covers.                 Quebec, 1.1858. gang of Gypsie Smugglers, than the author of
cover.  Quebec, 1858. books or editing a newspaper. She was the ter"This work, of which only a small number ror of every member of Congress while she rewere printed, is a complete reprint of all the sided at Washington, and in order to propitiate
Jesuit Relations concerning the missions in her favor, they one and all promptly subscribed
Canada and French North America,from 1611 for her journal " PAUL PRY."
to 1672; and contains most important matter
concerning the Indian Tribes, and the early RUSSELL, i. W. Remarks on the English
history of Maine, New York and all the North-  Enlistment Question, with an abstract of
west."                                         the correspondence thereon. 8vo, pp.
REJECTED  ADDRESSES, The.  Together            1ork
with the Prize Addresses presented to SAINT ANDREW'S SOCIETY, Historical
the Prize Medal offered for the best Ad-   Sketch of the, of the State of New
dress on the opening of the New  Park      York, with the constitution and list of
Theatre in the City of New York. 18mo,     officers and members since 1756. Cenpp. 132. $2 00. Very rare.               tennial oration before the Society, on the
New York, 1821.      Ist December, 1856, by the Rev. John
Thompson, D. D. 12mo. pp. 120. $1 50.
The following are among the contributors to                        N   York, 1856
this volume of fugitive pieces, namely; C. SANDYS                          or, GEO
Sprague, S. Woodworth, Iloses Y. Scott, James.  Ovid's Metamorposis.
B. Sheys, Joseph Cross, M'Donald Clarke, be-    Englished by G. S.  Small folio-ensides about sixty anonymous contributors.      graved title. $5 00.    London, 1662.
RIGGS, S. R. Grammar and Dictionary of  This, perhaps the first attempt at writing
the Dakota Language, collected by the English poetry in the New World; at all events
members of the Dakota Miussole. 4to. it is without doubt the first translation of a
pp.members of the Dakota M0i0ssion. 4   classic author into the English tongue. Sandys
pp. 333.  $6 00.                       was colonial secretary for the Virginia PlantaWashington City, 1852. tions during the time he made this translation
ROBINSON, JOHN. Essayes; or, Observa- of Ovid. In his dedication to Charles 1st, he
tions, Divine and Morall. Collected out speaks thus of his performance.  " We had
of Holy Scriptures, Ancient and Moderne hoped, ere many years had turned about, to have
W     Sripteres, both Divine and Humaone.        presented you with a rich and well-peopled
Writers, both Divine and Humane. As kingdom; from whence, now, with myself, I
also, ollt of the great volume of men's only bring this composure: " Inter victrices
man'iers: Tending to the furtherance of Hederam tibi serpere Laurus." It needeth more
knowledge and vertue. 2d edition with than a single denization, being a double strantwo Tables, the one of the authors quo- ger. Sprung from the stock of ancient RomaN. 




OF AMERICAN  BOOKS.
nes but bred in the New World, of the rude- SIMCOE, COL. J. G. Military Journal. A
ness whereof it can but participate; especially  History of the Operations of a Partisan
having wars and tumult to bring it to light in-  Corps, called the Queen's Rangers, costead of the muses."                         manded by Col. J. G. Simcoe during the
SAVAGE, THE. By Pomengo, a Head man          war of the American Revolution. Illusand Warrior of the Muscogulgee nation.  trated by ten engraved Plans of Actions,
2mo, pp. 312. $6 00.    Phila. 1813.   &c, nowfirst published, with a memoir
This strange book is very original, very  of the Author and  other additions.
wild and very American. It is a periodical   Large paper. small folio. pp. 328. Calf
paper, of which the supposed writer is a native  back and corners. $10.  N. York, 1844.
American Indian, residing in the city of Phil- SMITH, JOHN. The Generall Historie of
adelphia.   The good people of this republic,"  Virginia, New England and the Summer
it is said, have long derived amusement from  Isles, with the names of the Adventurers,
the journals of polished travellers through barbarous nations. Let us for once reverse the  Planters and Governours from the
picture, and see what entertainment can be   beginning, Anno, 1584, to this present
drawnfrom the observations of a savage  pon  1626.  With the Proceedings of those
1626 Weeal ooiesan  the  Prcidednts tha
the manners and customs, vices and virtues of  severall Colonies and the acciden
those who boast the advantages of refinement  befell them in all their journeys and disand civilization."  Such is the design of the  coveries.  Also the Maps and descripbook similar in some respects to Goldsmith's    tions of all those countries, their comCitizen of the World, The Turkish Spy, The  modities, people, government, customes,
Chinese Spy, Persian Letters, Letters of a  and religion yet knowne. Divided into
HindooRagee,&c., &c."                       sixe bookes. Folio, pp. 148. Engraved
SHECUT, J. L. E. WV. Medical and Philo-      Title and one Map. $40. London, 1632.
sophical Essays containing Topographi- SMITH, JOHN  AUGUSTINE.  Prelections
cal Historical, and other Sketches of the  on some of the most Important Subjects
City of Charleston; Easay on the pre-  connected with Moral and Physical Svailing fever of 1817; Essay on Conta-  ence in opposition to Phrenology, Maggios and Infections, and an Essay on   netism, Atheism, and the principles adElectric Fluid, &c., the whole of which  vanced by the author of the Vestiges of
are designed as illustrative of the do-  Creation.  12mo. pp. 405.  Portrait.
mestic origin of the yellow  fever. of  $2 00.                New York, 1853.
Charleston, and  as conducing to the SMITH, MRS. E. VALE. History of Newformation of a medical history of the  buryport from the earliest settlement of
State of South Carolina.   Royal 8vo.  the country to the present time; a Bobds. pp. 262. $2 25.                   graphical Appendix. 8vo. pp. 414. 2
Charleston, 1819.     portraits and 1 plate. $2 25.
SHEPARD, TOMAS. The Parable of the                              Newburyport, 1854.
Ten Virgins opened and applied, being SMITH, WILLIAM.   The History of the
the  substance of divers sermons on    Province of New  York, from  the first
Matth. 25, 1-13. Folio. pp. 195. $5 00.  discovery to the year MDCCXXXII. To
Cambridge, 1695.      which is annexed a description of the
SHEPARD. The Parable of the Ten Virgins     country, with a short account of the Inopeed and applied; being the substance  habitants, their trade, religious and poof divers sermons on Matth. 25, 1-13.    liticalstate, and the constitutions of the
By Jonathan Mitchell and Thos. Shep-   courts of Justice in that colony. 4to.
ard. 12mo. pp. 635. $1 50.             pp. 264   Plate, a view of Oswego on
Boston, 1852.    lake Ontario. $8 00.    London, 1757.
SHEPARD, THOMAS. Meditations and spir- SOUTH CAROLINA.  Ode to a friend on
itual Experiences of. 12mo. pp. 82.    our leaving together South  Carolina.
$3 00. Very rare.   Edinburgh, 1749.   Written in June, 1780. 4to. pp. 15.'SHEPARD, THOMAS.  The Sincere Con-         $2 00.                   London, 1783
vert: Discovering the small number of SPENCER, AMBROSE, Memorials of, Late
True Believers, and the great difficulty of  Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of
Saving Conversion.  Wherein are ex-    the State of New York.  Consisting of
cellently and plainly op.ed these choice  prcceedings of public bodies and meetand divine principles.  18Smo. pp. 238.    ings and of sermons and addresses upon
~$1 25.  ~        London, 1680.    the occasion of his death and in illusSHEPARD, THOMAS. Thesis Sabbatica, or,    tration of his life and character.  vo.
TI  Doctrine of the Sabbath, wherein   pp. 104.  Portrait. (Privately printed.)
the Sabbaths, I. Morality, II. Change,  $2 00.:                 Albany, 1849.
III. Beginning,  IV. Sanctification, are ST. URSULA'S CONVENT, or the nun of
clearly discussed, which were first han-  Canada, containing scenes from real life.
ded morelargely in sundry Sermons in   2 vols. in 1. 12mo. $2 00.
Cambridge in N(\w England, in opening          Kingston, Upper Canada, 1824.
Uppe
of the fourth co nmandment. 12mo. pp.   Thefirst Novel written and printed in Can402. $5 00.         London, 1655. ada.
15




16                            GOWANS' CATALOGUE
STATE RIGHTS CELEBRATION, Proceed- thor of a number of books on history, biograings of the, at Charleston, S. C., July 1st, phy, romance, and miscellany, some of which
1830, containing the Speeches of Hon. still continue to sell, more especially the life of
Wm. Drayton and Hon. R. Y. Hayne, Red Jacket and Brant the Indian chief.  For
who were the invited guests; also of a complete catalogue of his writings, see GowLangdon Cheeves, James Hamilton, Jr., an's Bibliographical Biography.
W....estern Memorabilia.
and Robert J. Turnbull, Esqs., and re-.WtER.        ASkMemorabilia.
marks of his Honor, the Intendant, H. STROUD, GEORGE  M.  A Sketch of the
L. Pinckney, to which is added the vol-    Laws relating to Slavery in the several
unteer Toasts, given on the occasion.      States of the United States of America.
121mo. pp. 56. $2.    Charleston, 1830.    Second edition with some alterations and
STEDMAN, C., The History of the Origin,        considerable additions.  12mo. pp. 300.
Progress and Termination of the Ameri-    $2      A M0.        Philadelphia, 1856.
can War, by. Who served under Sir SEYBERT, ADAM. Statistical Annals; emW. Howe, Sir H. Clinton, and the Mar-      bracing views of the population, comquis Cornwallis.  2 vols. 8vo. pp. 446-    merce, navigation, fisheries, public lands,
528. $6 00.              Dublin, 1794.     post offices, revenues, mint, military and
STONE, WILLIAM L. Matthias and his Ini-        naval establishments, &c., &c., of the
postures; or the Progress of Fanaticism    United States of America. Founded on
Illustrated in the Extraordinary case of   official documents.  4to.pp.803. Pub.
Robert Matthews and some of his fore-      at $15- 00-$3 00.         Phila., 1818.
runners and disciples. 18mo. pp. 347. TALBOT, MARY ANN. The Life and sur$1 50.                New York, 1835.      prising Adventures of. In.the name of
Matthias may be called the Petit Mahomet     John Taylor. A natural daughter of the
and this book a second Koran.  The narrative   late Earl Talbot; giving a true account
records the most extraordinary instances of hu-  of her singular adventures, the many
man credulity to be found in any age of the    hardships she endured in a variety of
world.  The reader can scarcely avoid the con-  characters for a number of years, both
clusion, that the dupes of this imposter must    in the land and sea services. Related
have laboured under a species of insanity before  byherself.  12mo.pp. 6. $300. Porbecoming his converts, otherwise we can not see    trait.              London, N. D.
how they could adopt a creed and sanction   This Amazon in her excursions appears to
practices which none, whose understanding i have visited both Rhode Island and New  Yolk.
not utterly besotted, could for a moment tole- In the former place a young lady fell in love
rate..... Western Memorabilia. with her and would become her or his'wife at all
STONE, WILLIAM  S. Maria Monkandthe hazards.
Nunnery of the Hotel Dieu, being an TAYLOR, JAMES B.  Lives of Virginia
account of a visit to the convents of      Baptist Ministers.  12mo.  pp. 492.
Montreal, and refutation of the "I awful   $1 50.                Richmond, 1838.
disclosures," audi alteram partem. 8vo.   This book may be styled the Virginia Baptist
pp. 56. $1 00.        New York, 1836. Biographical Dictionary.  It contains not less
STONE, WILLIAM  L. Uncas and Mianto- than 118 biographies of the ministers of that
nomoh; a historical discourse delivered denomination.
at Norwich, Qonn., on the 4th day of TAYLOR, JOHIN. Tyranny Unmasked. 8vo,
July, 1842, on the occasion of the erec-   pp. 349. $2 50.    Washington, 1822.
tion of a monument to the memory of THERMOMETRICAL  NAVIGATION.  BeUncas, the white man's friend, and first    ing a series of Experiments and Obchief of the Mohegans.  18mo. pp. 209.     servations, tending to prove, that by as$1 00.               New York, 1842.       certaining the Relative Heat of the Sea
Col. Stone was at one time (1817 & 18) the ed-  Water from time to time, the passage of
itor of the Albany Gazette, and for a long time  a ship through the Gulf Stream, and
afterwards, editor and principal'proprietor of    from deep water into soundings, may be
the New York Commercial Advertiser. He was
universally looked upon as one of ~te best of the  discovered in time to avoid danger, alold conservative editors, and his paper for ma thoul  (owing to tempestuous weather,)
ny years had a wide circulation among the sober,    it may be. nipossible to heave the lead
staid and peace loving citizens. His opinions,  or observe the heavenly bodies. Exas a general thing, were held in high authority    tracted from the American Philosophil-.
among his readers; he also held great sway     cal Transactions.  Vol. 2 and 3, with
among the literati of New York and the neigh-  additions and Improvements. 8vo. pr.
boring provinces, but in this respect he had a  pp. 113. (with map.) $2 00. *
higher reputation perhaps than he deserved,                        Philadelphia, 1799.
more especially in the department of biblio- THOMAS MOORE, ESQ.. An attempt to
graphy, afield in which he was ambitious of be-  vindicate the American Character, being
ing considered very perfect, but his attainments  vindicate the American Character, being
on this subject were quite super, ficial ad inaccu-  prin.ipally a reply to the intemperate anrate as coulol be easilyprovedfromn many of the  imadversions of Thomas Moore, Esq., the
statements,/he made from time to time through  Irish Poet.  8vo. pp. 43. $1 25.
his otherwise meritorious journal. He was au.                      Philadelphia, 1806.
o...  A...... - -




OF AMERICAN  BOOKS.                               17
THOMAS, ISAIAH. The History of Print-    rica. Exhibiting the state of the Belliing in America; with a biography "of    gerent Powers at the commencement of
Printers and an account of newspapers.    the war; their interests and objects in its
To which is prefixed a concise view of    continuance; interspersed with the charthe discovery and progress of the art in  acters of the able and disinterested Statesother parts of the world.  2 vols. 8vo.    men, to whose wisdom  and integrity,
pp. 487 and 576.  A beautiful, clean,     and of the Heroes, to whose courage and
perfect and very desirable copy. Half    couduct, we are indebted for that nabound and cornered in calf. $20 00.       val and military success. which is not
Another copy. 2 vols. 8vo. Sheep.    to be equalled in the Annals of this or
$15 00.              Worcester, 1810.    any other nation. 8vo. pp. 627. Plates
THOMAS, GABRIEL.  An Historical and           on a fine view of the town and fortificaGeographical Account of the Province    tion of Montreal, in Canada. $3 00.
and Country of Pennsylvania and of                                Dublin, 1774.
West New Jersey, in Amprica; the rich- WASHINGTON, GEORGE. Diary of; from
ness of the soil, the sweetness *of the   the first day of October 1789, to the
situation, the wholesomeness of the air,    tenth day of March, 1790, from  the
the navigable rivers and others, the pro-  original manuscript, now first printed.
digious increase of corn, &c., &c. 12mo.    8vo. pp. 89  Uncut. $5 00.  Only 100
pp. 100. $1 50. Reprint, New  York,    copies printed.         New York, 1858.
1848.                  London, 1698. WASHINGTON, GEORGE, Life of, by John
THOMPSON, CHARLES. The Holy Bible             Marshall (Chief Justice of the United
containing the Old and New Covenant,    States, 5 vols. 4to. Portrait and Milicommonly called the Old and New Tes-    tary Plans. $20 00.    London, 1804.
tament. translated from  the Greek. 4       The Same Work.  5 vols. 8vo. bds.
vols. 8vo. Sheep binding. $12 00.        uncut. A very fine copy. $13 00.
Philadelphia, 1808.                           London, 1804.
Copies of this remarkable version of the Holy WEBSTER, M. H. A catalogue of the mineScriptures ave now become very scarce. The    rals which have been discovered in the
venerable translator was secretary to the.dmeri.    State of New York, arranged under the
can Congress fromn 1774 to 1789, and died.du-  heads of the respective counties -and
gust 16, 1824.                               towns in which they are found. 18mo.
TRAIN, GEORGE FRANCIS. Young Ame-            pp. 32. $1 00.          Albany, 1824.
rica in Wall Street. 12mo. pp. 406. WEBSTER, NOAH. Effects of Slavery on
$1 25.               New York, 1857.    Morals and Industry. 8vo. pp. 56. $1.
TRIBUNE  CLUB.  The.  Proceedings of                                Hartford, 1793.
1855. Presentation-Anniversary-Din- WEBSTER, NOAH.  A Compendious Dicerson. vContains along poem by Mr.       tionary of the English Language.  In
ter.New York, 1855. 5which five thousand words are added to
UNITED STATE. A Summary Review of the number found in' the best English
UNITED STATES. A Summary Review of
the Laws of the United States of North    compends; the orthography is, in some
America, the British Provinces and the instancescorrected; the pronunciation
marked by an accent or other suitable
West Indias, with observations, precedents, &c. By a barrister of the State    direction; and the definitions of many
dents, &c. By a barrister of the State
of Virginia. 8vo. pp. 103. $1 25.         words amended and improved; to which
of VirginEdinburghvo.  pp. 103. $1 25.  are added for the benefit of the merchant,
VON STAHLIN, J. An Account of the  the student and the traveller. 12mo.
VON STAEHLIN, J. An Account of the
New Northern Archipelago, lately discov-  pp. 431. $5 00.       Hartford, 1806.
ered by the Russians in the seas of Kamt-.  This is the nucleus of the now famous Webschatka and Anadir, translated from the ster Dictionary. It has become very rare.  This
German Original, with a colored Map. copy is in fine, clean and perfect condition.
8vo. Old calf. pp. 138. $1 00.       WHITEFIELD, GEORGE. A Journal of a
London, 1774.    Voyage from Gibralter to Georgia, conWALL STREET, or, Ten Minutes before    taining many curious observations and
Three, a Farce in three parts. 18mo.    edifying reflections, on the several ocpp. 34, and other pamphlets. $1 50.       currences that happened in the voyage.
New York, 1818.    pp. 34.                  London, 1738.
WALL STREET. Stocks and Stock Jobbing           To which is added a journal of a voyin Wall Street, with Sketches of the bro-    age from London to Savannah, in Georkers and fancy stocks. By a Reformed      gia. In two parts. Part I. from London
Stock Gambler. 8vo. pp. 40. $2 00.       to Gibralter. Part II. from  Gibralter to
New York, 1848.     Savannah. By George Whitefield. pp.
WAR, A Complete History of, From  the         58.                    London, 1738.
Annual Register, of its Rise, Progress and  Also remarks on the Rev. Mr. WhiteEvents in Europe, Asia, A.rica and Ame-    field's Journal, wherein his many incon



r 18                         GOWANS' CATALOGUE
sistencies are pointed out, and his tenets WISE, JOHN. A vindication of the Govconsidered. pp. 32.    London, N. D.    ernment of New  England  Churches.
Twell, on the Demoniacs of the New     Drawn from antiquity, the light of naTestament, proving that they were fallen  ture, Holy  cripture, its noble nature,
angels  Peculiar Thoughts in the Man-    and from the dignity Divine Providence
ner of Mons. Pascal, with divers other    has put upon it. 12mo  $3 00
curious pamphlets. 8vo. calf. $3 50.                             Boston, 1772.
London, V. D. WOLLEY, EDWARD, D. D. Loyalty among
WHITTLESEY, CHARLES.  Fugitive Es-            Rebels; the True Royalist, or Hushay
says upon interesting and useful sub-     the Archite, a happy counsellor in King
jects, relating to the early history of Ohio,  David's greatest danger. To which is
its geology and agriculture, with a bio-  added a parallel between Charles IL.,
graphy of the first successful constructor  King of England, and Lewis the IV., the
of steam; a dissertation upon the an-    French King. 18mo. pp. 180. $5 50.
tiquity of the material universe, &c., &c.                       London, 1662.
12mo. pp. 397. $1 25.                 WOOLEY, CHARLES. A Two Years JourHudson, Ohio, 1852.    nal in New York; and parts of its TerriWILLIAMS, ROGER. A Key into the Lan-    tories in America. By C. W. 18mo.
guage of America, or an help to the       pp. 104. $63 00.       London, 1701.
language of the natives in that part of  "This is one of the very scarcest books written
America called New England; together in and relating to New York in colonial times.
with briefe observations of the cus- It was produced by the author while a resident
tomes, manners, and worships, &c., of on the Island of Manhattan, in the capacity of
the aforesaid natives in, peace and warre, a chaplain to the troops then occupying the fort
in life and death. On all which are ad- situated on the extreme southern point of the
ded, spiritual observations generall and Island, knownnow as the Battery. I have heard
particular, by  the authorn of chiefe of no copy being in the possession of any of the
p       articular, by  the   author, of chilet veteran collectors of rare American books on
and speciall use (upon all occasions) to this continent, with the exception of one in the
all the English inhabiting those parts; extensive collection of John Carter Brown, Esq.,
yet pleasant and profitable to the view of Providence, Rhode Island."
of all men. 8vo. pp. 165. uncut $5 00. WOOLEY, CHARLES. A Two years JourLondon, 1643. reprint. Providence, 1827.    nal in New York; and parts of its TerriWILLIAMSON, PAS$SMORE   Case of. Re-    tories in America. A new edition with
port of the proceedings on the writ of    copious hitorical and biographical notes
Habeas Corpus, issued by Hon. John K.    by E. B. O'Callaghan, M. D. Svo. cloth
Kane, in the case of the United States of    to match Denton's New  Netherlands.
America, ex rel. John H. Wheeler vs.    $2 00.                 New York, 1860.
Passmore Williamson, including several WOOLEY, CHARLES. The same as above,
opinions delivered, &c. 8vo. pp. 191. large paper. 4to. cloth. Only a few
$2 00.  Philadelphia, 1856.    printed. $5 00.      NewYork, 1860.
WILSON, ALEXANDER,  American Orni- WRIGHT, FRANCES. (Mad. D' Arusmont)
thology, or the Natural History of the   Biography, notes and political letters of
Birds of the U. S., illustrated with plates  aces Wright D'rsmot.  From the
Frances Wright D'~rusmont. From the
en graved and colored from original draw-  first British Edition. 12mo. pp. 48.
ings taken from Nature. Vols. 2, 3,4,                                     1844.
5, 6, 7, and 9.  6 vols. folio, with 48             Published by John Windt.
plates.  Origina editidelp. $25 00.  ZANGER, JOHN PETER. A brief narrative
Philadelphia, 1810-14. of the Case and Trial of John P. Zanger,
WILSON, JAMES.  An Introductory Lec-          Printer of the New York Weekly Jourture to a Course of Law Lectures. To     nal for a Libel. 4to. pp. 53. Uncut.
which is added a plan of the Lectures.    $2 00.               New York 1770
Svo. pr. pp. 9     P6.   h  $1 00.  ZARATE, D'AUGUSTIN DE. Histoire de la
Philadelphia, 1791.   De Couverte et de la conquete du Perou,
WISCONSIN. First Annual Report and col-    illustrate ith map and plates. 2 vols
lections of the State Historical Society.  12mo. calf. pp. 398, 482.. $5 00.
of. For the year 1854. 8vo. pp. 160,ars,
$1 25.                 Madison, 1855.




OF AMERICAN BOOKS.                               19
AMERICAN BIBLIOGRAPHY.
ALIBONE, S. AUSTIN. A Critical Dictionary of English Literature, and British and
American Authors, Living and Deceased, from the earliest account to the middle of the
Nineteenth Century. Containing Thirty Thousand Biographies and Literary Notices,
with Forty Indexes of Subjects. 2 vols. Royal 8vo. Pages about 2000. $10.
Philadelphia, 1859-60.
BURCH, SAMUEL. General Index to the'Laws of the United States of America, from
March 4th, 1789 to March 3d, 1827. Including all Treaties entered into between those
periods. 8vo. pp. 331. $2 00.                              Washington, 1828.
CHARACTER of Law Books and Tudges With Remarks on the Utility of Collecting. 8vo.
pp. 66. See The American Jurist, July, 1834.                   Boston, 1334.
DECANVER, H. C. Pseud. Catalogue of Works in Refutation of Methodism, from its
origin in 1729, to the present time; of those by Methodist authors on lay representation, Methodist episcopacy, etc., etc., and of the political pamphlets relating to Wesley's "Calm Address to the American Colonies:"  (C. H. Cavender). 8vo. pp. 54.
Philadelphia, 1846.
DICKINS' ASBURY. A Synoptical Index to the Laws and Treaties of the United States
of America, from March 4, 1789, to March 3, 1851. With references to the Edition of
the Laws Published by Bioren and Duane, and of the Statutes at Large, Published by
Little and Brown, under the Authority of Congress. Royal 8vo. pp. 747. $5 00.
Boston, 1856.
GENERAL INDEX  To the Laws of the State of New York, from 1777 to 1850.  8vo.
pp. 665. $2'00  Law binding.                               New York, 1850.
GOWANS, WILLIAM. American Bibliographical Biography. Being a Catalogue of all
the Books written by American Authors, or those who have resided in America, with
their size, number of pages, if illustrated by engravings or maps, when and where
printed; with a short biographical sketch of each author. 6 vol. 4to.  (In manuscript.)                                                    New York, N. D.
GOWANS, WILLIAM. A Catalogue of all the books known to have been written on Pastoial Care and Ministerial Duties. 12mo. (In manuscript.)         New York.
GOWANS, WILLIAM. A Catalogue of Books on Freemasonry and Kindred Subjects. 12mo.
pp. 59. $1 25.                                              New York, 1858.
GOWANS, WILLIAM. A Catalogue of all the books known to have boon written on tho
History, Culture, Use, Abuse and Influence of Tobacco, from its discovery, by Europeans, to the present time. 12mo. (In manuscript.)          New York, N. D.
-GOWANS, WILLIAM. A Catalogue of all the books known to have been written on the
Theory and Practice of Dancing. (In manuscript.)            New York, N. D.
GOWANS, WILLIAM. A Catalogue of Books of Proverbs, Sayings, Maxims, Apophthegms,
Adages and Similitudes. By Ancients, Intermediates and Moderns. 12mo.  pp. 16.
New York, 1853.
GOWANS, WILLIAM. A Catalogue of all the Books by various authors on the subject
of the Immortality of the Soul. 12mo. pp. 22.               New York, 1853.
GOWANS, WILLIAM. A Catalogue of the Scottish Poets and Poetry. 12mo. pp. 24.
New York, 1852.
GOWANS, WILLIAM. A Catalogue of Books on the Evidence of Revealed Religion. By
the most Eminent Authors. 12mo. pp. 30.-                     New York, 1853.
GUILD, REUBEN A. The Librarian's Manual; A Treatise on Bibliography. comprising a
select and descriptive list of Bibliographical Works; to which are added Sketches of
Public Libraries, Illustrated with Engravings. 4to. pp. 314. $5.   New York, 1858.
HAYNES, THOMAS WILSON. Baptist Cyclopaedia; or Dictionary of Baptist Biography,
Bibliography, Antiquities, History, Chronology, Theology, Poetry and Literature; to
which is added a list of the Baptist Churches in England and America. 3 Portraits.
Royal 8vo. pp. 323. vol. I all published. $1 50.      Charleston, S. C., 1848.
JEWETT, CHARLES C. Notices of Public Libraries in the United States of America.
Being an Appendix to the Fourth of the Smithsonian Institution. 8vo. pp. 207.
Washington, 1851.
LA ROCHE, R., M. D   Bibliography of Yellow Fever. 8vo. pp. 60. Philadelphia, 1855.
This bibliography was prepared as a pendant to the author's celebrated treatise on Yellow Fever.
He had intended to have had a small edition printed separately at the same time that the treatise
was printed, but unfortunately, before he had informed the printer of his intentions, the type had
gone into pi, thereby verifying the old adage "'for want of a nail, the horse was lost."
LIST OF MAPS and Memoirs on the Geology of North America, forming part of Jules
Marcou's Geology of North America. 4to. pp. 22.                 Zurich, 1858.
Q       -                     




20                             GOWANS' CATALOGUE
LUDEWIG, HERMANN E. The Literature of American Local History; a Bibliographical
Essay. 8vo. pp. 180. $6 00.
This book possesses very considerable merit, as well for its accuracy as for its intrinsic worth as
an Index to American Local History.  The dzllgent and conscientious author copied every title
from  the respective books themselves, and not from catalogues, as is too frequently the case in
making such compilation, except in a- few cases where he had titles sent to him by his book-loving
friends throughout the states, whose accuracy and taste he could depend upon. It is the first and
so far the only bibliography of the kind, relating to this subject.  It was privately printed, and
immediately on its appearance, distributed by its generous author among his friends in A.dmerica
and Europe.
He had contemplated a second and enlarged edition, and, indeed, had made considerable progress
in collecting material for that purpose, when, alas, alas, the grim messenger put a sudden stop to
his noble enterprise, an event, the knowledge of which, filled every one who had the happiness to
know him, with deep regret at losing such a valuable member of society.-Western Memorabilia.
LUDEWIG, HERMANN E. The Literature of American Aboriginal Languages, with Additions and Corrections by William W. Turner. Edited by Nicholas Trilbner. 8vo.
pp. 283. $3 00.                                                     London, 1858.
MARVIN J. G. Legal Bibliography; or a Thesaurus of American, English, Irish and
Scotch law books, together with some continental treatises; interspersed with some
critical observations upon their various editions and authority. To which is added a
copious list of abbreviations. 8vo. pp. 800. $6 50.            Philadelphia, 1847.
NEW YORK STATE LIBRARY. Catalogue of the Books on Bibliography and Engravings in the New York State Library. 8vo. pp. 143.                   Albany, 1858.
NORTON, CHARLES B. Literary Register, or Annual Book List for 1856. A Catalogue of
Books, including New Editions and Reprints published in the United States,during the
year 1855. Containing Titles, Number of Pages, Prices and Name of Publishers, with
an Index of the Subjects.  8vo. pp. 138.                         New York, 1856.
This was originally intended to be an annual publication.
O'CALLAGHAN, E. B. A list of various editions of the Holy Scriptures, and parts thereof,
printed in the United States previous to 1860: to which is appended a list of the
earlier American editions of the Psalms in Metre, with an introduction and bibliographical notes, by E. B. O'Callaghan. Royal 8vo.                    Albany, 1860.
POOLE, WILLIAM FRED. An Index to Periodical Literature. Royal 8vo. pp. 533. $2 50.
Published at $7 00.                                               New York, 1853.
The above is a very full and carefully prepared index of all the subjects treated of in not less
than seventy-three of the most popular periodicals published during the present century, in Great
Britain and the United States of North R.merica. It will be found to be an immense laborsaving machine to any person having cause to investigate these store-houses of intellectual riches;
the product of the most gifted minds that have appeared on the stage of human action and mental
effort, during the last sixty years.
PRINCE, BENJAMIN. A Catalogue of Works Relating to Sound, Arranged Chronologically under each subject. 8vo. pp. 56.                              Boston, 1836.
This bibliograhy is made a pendant to the author's treatise on sound, never having appeared
otherwise.
PURPLE, SAMUEL, M. D. Bibliotheca Medica. A Bibliographical Account of the Medical Periodical Literature of the United States. 8vo. (In manuscript.) New York, 1860.
RHEES, WILLIAM I. Manual of Public Libraries, Institutions and Societies in the United
States, and British Provinces of North America.  8vo. pp. 715. $4.  Phila., 1859.
REES, JAMES. The Dramatic Authors of America.  12mo. pp. 144. $1. Phila., 1845.
ROORBACH, O. A. Bibliotheca Americana. Catalogue of American Publications, including Reprints and original Works from 1820 to 1852, inclusive, together with a list of
Periodicals Published in the United States. 8vo. pp. 673. $5.    New York, 1852.
ROORBACH, O. A. Supplement to the Bibliotheca Americana.  A Catalogue of American
Publications, Reprints and Original Works, from October, 1852, to May, 1855. Including, also, a repetition of such books as have either changed prices or -publishers
during that period.  8vo. pp. 227. $3 00.                        New York, 1855.
SHEA, JOHN GILMARY.  A Bibliographical Account of Catholic Bibles, Testaments and
other portions of the Scriptures, Translated from the Latin Vulgate, and printed in
the United States.  12mo. pp. 48. $1 25.                         New York, 1859.
The first bibliography of the kind published in the United States of North.America.
WILLES, WILLIAM. A Descriptive Catalogue of Books and Pamphlets Relating to the
State of Maine, or portions of it. pp. 20. Small 4to.             New York, 1859.
C. B. Norton intends to publish, in future Nos. of his Literary Letter, the Bibliography of
each separate State.