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SECOND; REPORT
OF THE
Board of Immigration
TQC THE
GOVERNOR
oat THE


Territory     of Hawaii 
(UND)E ACT OF APRIL 24, 1905)
FGI THE PERIOD FROM
DECEMBER 3st, 1906, TO FEBRUARY 28th, 1909


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SECOND REPORT
OF THE.
Board of Immigration
TO THE


GOVERNOR
OF THE


Territory


of Hawaii


(UNDER ACT OF APRIL 24, 1905)
FOR THE PERIOD FROM
DECEMBER      31st, 1906, TO  FEBRUARY       28th, 1909
HONOLULU
THE HAWAIIAN GAZETTE CO., LTD.
1909




2


LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.
Honolulu, T. H., March 20, 1909.
His Excellency Walter F. Frear,
Governor of Hawaii,
Honolulu.
SIR:-I beg to submit herewith report of the Board of Immigatton for the period from December 31, I906, to February 28,
1909.
Very respectfully yours,
E. A. MOTT-SMITH.
Superintendent Board of Immigration.




3
BOARD OF IMMIGRATION OF THE TERRITORY
OF HAWAII-SUPERINTENDENT'S REPORT
CHANGES IN ORGANIZATION.
The Board of Immigration was first organized on April 29,
1905, under Act 49 of the Session Laws of i905 with the following membership: Mr. A. L. C. Atkinson, superintendent, and
the following commissioners: Mr. J. P. Cooke, Mr. John H. Craig,
Mr. John J. Carden and Mr. E. D. Tenney.
Since that time the following changes have taken place: Mr.
A. L. C. Atkinson resigned as superintendent on November 12,
I906, Mr. E. D. Tenney appointed superintendent on November
12, I906, Mr. A. L. C. Atkinson appointed commissioner on November I2, I906, Mr. E. D. Tenney resigned as superintendent
on June 28, I907, Mr. Richard Ivers appointed superintendent
on July 3, I907, Mr. J. P. Cooke resigned as commissioner on
August 15, I908, Mr. Richard Ivers resigned as superintendent
on August 15, 1908, Mr. Richard Ivers appointed as commissioner on August I5, I908, and Mr. Ernest A. Mott-Smith appointed superintendent on August 15, I908. The Board as at
present organized consists of the following members: Mr. E. A.
Mott-Smith, superintendent, and the following commissioners:
Mr. A. L. C. Atkinson, Mr. Richard Ivers, Mr. John J. Carden
and Mr. John H. Craig. Mr. John Guild has continued to act
as accountant for the Board.
The first report of the Board covers the period from April 29,
1905, to January 3I, 1907.  The present2 report covers the
period from December 31, I9o6, to February 28, 1909, and
hence covers in part the same ground covered by the first report;
that is, the month of January, I907.
The legislature of 1905 appropriated $6oo for salary of commissioner of immigration, and $,00oo for expenses of the Board
for the biennial period ending June 30, I907. The legislature of
I907 appropriated the salary item of $6oo alone. Outside of these
items, the funds which have enabled the Board to conduct its
work have been procured from private subscriptions.




4


EUROPEAN IMMIGRATION.
The project of bringing Spanish and Portuguese people from
the Azores and the mainland of continental Europe to Hawaii,
begun in the last biennial period, has been completed during the
early part of this biennial period. These people were brought to
Hawaii by the steamers "Suveric," "Heliopolis" and Kumeric."
There were 1,400 men, 1,143 women and 2,141 children, or a total
of 4,684 persons, of which 47 were returned at an expense of
$11,119.02. The total cost of the immigrants by these three
steamers was $291,I09.53 or an average expense of $62.19 per
individual, or $207.28 per adult male. While these persons, on
landing, were free to engage in whatever pursuits or labor they
desired, many of them availed, themselves of the opportunity to
work on the sugar plantations under the agreements offered by
the plantations, while some drifted back to the mainland, and
others accepted employment in Honolulu. Some of those who
have gone to work on the plantations have settled on the lands
offered by the plantations and are working for suitable wages,
while others are working for higher wages without the land.
Taken as a whole these people appear to be satisfied with the conditions as they have found them in Hawaii and; are settling down
to become a permanent part of the community.
The work of bringing these people to Hawaii was undertaken
under the settled policy of the Board to bring into Hawaii such
persons as would be capable of becoming American citizens.
EMIGRATION FROM CALIFORNIA.
During the early part of the year I908 it was found that there
were, in California, European persons and laborers, many of
whom had formerly resided in Hawaii, who were desirous of
returning to Hawaii, having found little or no employmlent in
California. For the purpose of assisting these people back to
Hawaii Mr. M. A. Silva was sent to California as agent of the
B3bard to open an office there. The work of Mr. Silva is summarized in the report of Mr. John Guild, attached. hereto. Toward
the end of the period the source of this supply having decreased




5


on account of changing conditions in California, Mr. Silva was
recalled and the recruiting terminated.  The total cost was
$14,161.93: an average of $55.54 per male over i6 years of age:
and of $28.32 per capita.
EMIGRATION FROM NEW YORK AND EASTERN
STATES.
To further augment the population of the Territory capable of
becoming American citizens it was suggested to the Board by
the Department of Commerce and Labor during the early part
of i908 that it might be possible to recruit, at the eastern ports
of entry of the United States, admitted aliens for agriculural purposes upon the properties of the various agricultural enterprises
in the Territory. Acting upon this suggestion the Board invited
to the Territory an agent thoroughly familiar with the immigration question and in whom the authorities in Washington had
every confidence. This agent, Mr. John J. D. Trenor, during
the months of May, June and July, 1908, made a thorough investigation of the conditions of the various sugar estates, familiarizing
himself with the local conditions and with the inducements there
were in the Territory for possible emigrants.
On August 3, 1908; Mr. Trenor filed his report with the Board
from which after further discussion with the President of the
Board the following conclusions were drawn:
"ist. That the quarters furnished to ordinary laborers upon
the various sugar estates in the Territory are, upon the whole,
and with very few exceptions, comfortable and commodious; that
the treatment afforded them is kind and considerate and that the
wage paid is fair as compared with that paid for like labor performed elsewhere."
"2nd. That no climatic conditions exist which prevent a
laborer working practically every day in the year and that the
opportunity to so work would be afforded him: if he so desired."
"3rd. That upon the whole, and taking the year around, the
average field laborer in this Territory will earn as much at the
wages offered as an ordinary laborer upon the mainland doing
the same class of work."




6


"4th. That it is reasonable to believe that a carefully selected
colony of Europeans brought from an Eastern port of entry and
settled upon one of our plantations would find all conditions satisfactory and would remain permanently in the Territory, with a
prospect of such a colony endeavoring to persuade their friends
upon the mainland to join them here."
"5th. That from Mr. Trenor's experience and from the result
of his study of conditions he advised us to make our initial experiment with a colony of Italians originally entering the mainland from the south of Italy."
In accordance with the above, the Board authorized the superintendent to employ Mr. Trenor to act as agent of the Board in
recruiting such persons at eastern ports of entry, this arrangement
to date for one year from August 15, I908. In accordance with
the-agreement Mr. Trenor was to establish an office in New York
City and to ascertain whether or not it would be possible to secure
fifty families of Southern Italians for agricultural laborers in the
Territory.  Mr. Trenor was employed at a salary of $6,ooo per
annum with $4,ooo per annum additional for office expenses, rent,
pay of assistants and traveling expenses.
Mr. Trenor opened his office in New York on C)ctober I, i908,
and has since made monthly reports to the Board as to the progress of his work. He has been able to establish negotiations with
various prominent Italian societies in New York, supplying them
with information in regard to conditions in Hawaii, and at the
same time has kept in touch with the Federal authorities in
Washington. A great deal of other preliminary work has been
done by him in distributing information generally, in preparing
statistics as to cost of transportation and in looking into available
sources of supply. In connection with his work he has looked into
a probable source of supply of Portuguese persons residing in
the State of Massachusetts, and the first lot of these Portuguese
are now on their way to Hawaii.
The work thus far done by Mr. Trenor has been largely preliminary, the object being to get the true facts as to conditions in
Hawaii in a thorough manner before not only persons who might




7


emigrate to Hffawaii, but others who either wholly or in part, control or have some interest in such immigration, including the
leaders of Italian societies in New York State and the Federal
authorities at Washington. Mr. Trenor has been considerably
assisted in this work by the interest taken therein by the Department of Commerce and Labor and the Department of the Interior.
It is probable that further results of this preliminary work will
be obtained in the near future.
In the meantime it has been suggested that a further attempt
be made to induce Porto Ricans to emigrate to Hawaii. Mr.
Trenor has been in correspondence with Governor Post of Porto
Rico concerning this matter, but no further steps have been taken
as it has not been felt advisable, at this time, to actively engage
in inducing such emigration.
Mr. Trenor has been able to present the matter of emigration
of Southern Italians now in the States to the representatives of
the Italian government in the United States and also to secure
their interest therein. It is, of course, understood that all these.
efforts are being directed to the inducement of immigration of persons who are already within the United States.
The general Immigration Act of I907 prohibited the further
introduction of European immigrants by means of private contributions made to state or territorial boards of immigration by corporations. While it is exceedingly desirable that Congress should
authorize a continuance of such assistance with funds contributed
by individuals or corporations, it seems improbable, at the present
time, that any relief may be obtained through congressional action.
The Immigration Act of I907 does not, however, preclude such
immigration conducted by the territorial board of immigration
with funds derived from the general revenues of the Territory.
Therefore, it has become necessary if such immigration is to be
continued that the territorial legislature should afford the means
for the purpose.
GENERAL.
There will be no withdrawal from the policy first inaugurated
by this Board, and every effort will be made to obtain for this




country an increase in the number of persons who will permnianently settle upon the land and build up the country and its
citizenship. All the plantations are in sympathy with this movement and have given to it their moral and financial support. During this period, and co-extensive with the movement to induce such
emigration, all plantations have used every effort to induce laborers to take up lands on the several plantations and settle upon
them. In particular, one plantation, the McBryde Sugar Company, has projected a most successful homesteading scheme by
which the lands above the cane belt of the plantation, known as
the Kalaheo lands, are being rapidly settled by Spanish, Italian
and Portuguese laborers. At the same time considerable activity
has been shown by the government of the Territory in opening
utip lands for settlement purposes under agreements more favorable to settlers than hitherto, and without lessening the safeguards
against mere speculators.
If funds are secured from the general revenues of the Territory
for the further conduct of the work of the Board, and the same
policy is continued by the plantations in regard to settling lands,
and particularly along the lines of the Kalaheo homestead settlenment, and the territorial government continues its policy of opening up lands for settlement purposes under the agreements above
referred to, there appears every assurance that the policy of substituting Anglo-Saxons and Latins for Orientals and settling the
lands of the Territory with a permanent and desirable class of
agriculturists and laborers will be successfully carried out.
For Complete Statistics showing all Receipts and Expenditures
of the Board, also cost of different lots of Immigrants and statement of arrivals and departures for I907 and 1908, see report
attached hereto of John Guild, accountant of the Board.
Respectfully submitted,
E. A. MOTT-SMITH,
Superintendent, Board of Immigration.




9


Honolulu, T. H., March 20. 1909.
Hon. E. A. Mott-Smlith,
Superhilten dent Board of Irlzmigratiow,
HonolZhlu.
DEAR SIR:-I beg to submit herewith sundry Exhibits in
connection with the Receipts and Expenditures of the Board of
Immigration, as well as statistics showing cost of immigrants from
all sources, from the date of organization of the Board in April,
1905, up to February 28, I909.   I have thought it well to
make these financial statements include all receipts and expenditures for the whole of the above-mentioned period as the
last report made by the Board of Immigration, dated January 31,
I907, covered only a small part of the receipts and expenditures,
only one steamer load of European immigrants having arrived
at that time by the "Suveric," although a considerable amount of
money had then been collected and paid in connection with the
recruiting of laborers for the steamers that arrived later.
EXHIBITS.
EXHIBIT "A"-Summarv of all Receipts and Expenditures from
April 29, 1905, to February 28, 1909.
EXHI-IBIT"B"-Cost of Immigrants per steamer "Suveric."
EXHIBIT "C"-Cost of Immigrants per steamer "Heliopolis."
EXHIBIT "D"-Cost of Immigrants per steamer "Kumeric."
EXHIBITi T "E"-Cost of feeding, maintaining and returning rejected Immigrants, ex-steamers "Heliopolis" and "Kumeric."
ExIIBIT "F"-Summary of average cost of European Immigrants per adult male and per capita.
EXITIBT "G"-Expense of bringing Portuguese from     San
Francisco.
EXHBTT T"H"-Summary     of average  Cost of. Portuguese
brought from San Francisco.
Respectfully submitted,
JNO. GUILD,
Accountant Board of Immigration.




10


BOARD OF IMMIGRATION OF THE TERRITORY OF
HAWAII.
EXHIBIT "A."
SUMMARY OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES.
FRoM APRIL 29, 1905, TO 1FEBRUABY 28, I909.
RECEIPTS.
Total funds received to date from Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association........$34,542.15
Interest received from London Bank.....   764.21
$315,306.36
E]XPENDITURES.
Total cost of Immigrants per S. S.
"Suveric"........................$  70,442.64
Total cost of Immigrants per S. S.
"1Heliopolis"........................  143,038.48
Total cost of Immigrants per S. S.
"Kumeric"........................  77,628.41
Cost of bringing Portuguese from   San
Francisco..........................  14,61.93
Payments tQ, John J. D. Trenor (New
York Agent)......................     8,104.00
Honolulu expenses from March, 1908....    298.40
Honolulu legal expense re "Kumeric' arbitration...........................    250.00
$313,923.86
ON HAND.
Balance in hands of David Bruce & Co.,
London...........................$      906.58
Balance in Bank of Hawaii, Honolulu...    385.92
$315,306.36




11
BOARD OF IMMIGRATION OF THE TERRITORY OF
HAWAII.
EXHIBIT "B."
COST   OF IMMIGRANTS         P'ER  STEAMER      "SUVERIC".
Disbursements, Europe to Honolulu......$ 61,oo6.77
Disbursements in Honolulu..........   4,607.82
$ 65,614.59
Proportion of Sundry expenses, $19,174.46            4,828.05
Total....................          $  70,442.64
IMMIGRANTS RECEIVED PER "SUVERIC."
M en..................................   459
W om en................................  283
C hildren..................................  582
Total........................... 324
AVERAGE COST.
Per  M ale............................. $153 55
Per  Capita.............................  53.23




12
BOARD OF IMMIGRATION OF THE TERRITORY OF
HAWAII.
EXHIBIT "C."
COST OF IMMIGRANTS PER STEAMER "HELIOPOLIS."


Disbursements, Europe to HIonolulu......$115,415.90
Disbursements in Honolulu.............  9,216. I
----— $124,632.01
Proportion of Sundry expenses, $:19,I74.46        9, 70-59


Total....................
Feeding rejected immigrants and stowaways (actual)......................         c
Total general expenses.................$,00oo5.83
Total expense of returning.............  7,798.15
Total.........................$   8,803.98


$i 33,802.60


$ 2,678.20


"Heliopolis" proportion-5-6 of $8,803.98
or.................................
Less 5-6 of $934.76 refunded by T. I-I.
Davies & Co., for expenses of stowaw ays.............................


7,336.65
778.97  6,557.68


Total..$......................1..$   43,038.48
IMMIGRANTS RECEIVED PER "HELIOPOLTS."
M en....................................   608
W omen..................................  554
Children................................. 84
Total..............................2246
AVERAGIE COST.
Per Male............................   $235.22
Per  Capital............................  63.68




13
BOARD OF IMMIGRATION OF THE TERRITORY OF
HAWAII.
EXHIBIT "D."
COST OF IMMIGRANTS PER STEAMER "KUMERIC."
Disbursements, Europe to Hoiolulu.....$ 68,021.I5
Disbursements in Honolulu.............  2,532.60
$ 70,553.75
Proportion of Sundry expenses, $19,174.46           5,I91.52
Total....................         $  75,745.27
Feeding rejected immnigrants and stowaways (actual)......................              571.60
Total general expenses................$,005.83
Total expense of returning.............  7,798.15
Total.........................$  8,803.98
"Kumeric's" proportion-I -6 of $8,803.98
or................................    1,467.33
Less I-6 of $934.76 refunded by T. H.
Davies & Co., for expenses of stowaways..........................        155.79   1,31154
Total...................................$  77,628.41
IMMIGRANTS RECEIVED PER "KUMERIC."
M en.............................          333
W omen...................................  306
Children................................  475
Total.............................,1I4
AVERAGE COST.
Per Male..........................     $233.08
Per  Capita............................  69.67




14


BOARD OF IMMIGRATION OF THE TERRITORY OF
HAWAII.
EXHIBIT "EF.
COST OF FEEIING, MAINTAINING AND RETURNING
TO EUROPE FORTY-SEVEN REJECTED
IMMIGRANTS.
"HELIOPOLIS", cost of feeding rejected
immigrants and stowaways.............        $   2,678.20
"KUMERIC", cost of feeding rejected immigrants and stowaways.............$    571.50
General maintenance...........$I,oo005.83
Expenses of return............. 7,798.15
$8,803.98
"Heliopolis", 5-6 of $8,803.98...........          7,336.65
"Kumeric", i-6 of $8,803.98............  1,467.33
$ 2,o38.93 $0o,o14.85
Less refund, alc stowaways by T. H.
Davies & Co., $934.76...............
"Heliopolis", 5-6 of $934.76............            778.97
$ 9,235.88
"Kumeric", i-6 of $934.76..............   I55.79   t,883.14
Total expense of rejected and returned immigrants...........................            $1 I,  I9.02




15
BOARD OF IMMIGRATION OF. THE TERRITORY OF
HAWAII.
EXHIBIT "F."
SUMMARY OF AVERAGE COST OF EUROPEAN IMMIGRANTS EX STEAMERS "SUVERIC", "HELIOPOLIS" AND "KUMERIC".
Per       Per
Men Women Children Total    Male     Capita
"Suveric"........459   283   582    1324   $I53-55   $ 53.23
"Heliopolis".....6o8   554  I084    2246    235.22     63.68
"Kumeric".......333     306   475    I I4    233.o8     69.67
$621.85   $186.58
Total men..................,400
Total women...................I43
Total children.......................2,I41
Total immigrants........................ 4,684
Combined average cost of males................. $207.28
Combined average cost per capita...................... $62.I9




i6
BOARD OF IMMIGRATION OF THE TERRITORY OF
HAWAII.
EXHIBIT "G."
EXPENSES       OF   BRININ   NG   PORTUGUESE         BACK
FROM    SAN FRANCISCO.
Steamer fares of Portuguese brought' back from San
Francisco between April I, I908, and Feb. 5. 909o.. $L,670.00
M. A. Silva, passage to and from San Francisco....   I40.00
M. A. Silva, expenses between April, I908, and Jan.
1909........................................  780.05
M. A. Silra, salary from April i, 1908, to Feb. 5, 1909,
at $5.00 per day..............................  I,555.00
Sundry Honolulu expenses.......................      16.88
T otal.............................  $14,I61.93
MEMORANDUM OF STEAMER FARES PAID.
350  full fares at $30..............................  $10,500.00
54  half  fares  at  $ 5..............................  8Io.oo
48  quarter  fares at $7.50..........................  360.00
Total Fares as above......................  $,670.00




I7


BOARD OF IMMIGRATION OF THE TERRITORY OF
HAWAII.
EXHIBIT "H."
STATEMENT OF PORTUGUESE BROUGHT BACK
FROMf SAN FRANCISCO AND SUMiMARY
OF AVERAGE COST.
TOTAL PORTrUGUESE RETURNED FROM SAN FRANCISCO.
A dult  m ales...........................................  255
A dult  fem ales........................................  80
M ale  children  (under  I6)..............................  77
Female  children  (under  i6)............................  88
T otal....................................  500
Average  cost, adult males............................ $55.54
Average cost, men and women......................      42.27
Average  cost, per  capita...............................  28.32




STATISTICS OF IMMIGRATION
ARRIVALS AND DEPARTURES OF IMMIGRANTS AT HONOLULU FOR YEARS 1907 AND 1908.
1907                                                    DEPARTURES                              Incr'se or Decr'se
ARRIVALS                            COAST                 ORIENT         TOTAL        arriv. and depart.
NATIONALITY    M      W      C    NATIONALITY    M    W     C    M    W    C    M    W    C     M      W      C
Japanese.... 11940   2877    158 Japanese... 5149    198   911810 692 986 6959 890 1077 + 4981 + 1987 -      919
Koreans.....      3      1      4 Koreans.....   130    12    6  266   39   44  396   51   50 -  393     50 —   46
Chinese.....     160     1      1 Chinese.....     6             838   70 177 844     70 177-    684-    69-   176
Filipinos....   188    20      2 Filipinos...                     2              2           + 186 +    20 +   12
Portuguese,                       Portuguese,
Spanish and                       Spanish and
Porto Ricans  1158    922   1667  Porto Ricans  490  305   532 _              490 305 532 + 668 + 617 +1135
TOTALS..      344   3821   184    TOTALS.. 5775      515  62912916 801 1207 |8691 13161836 + 4758 + 2505 +     6
1908
Japanese...    2369   1700   133 Japanese....   45    17    7 1804 678 972 1849 695 979 + 520+ 1005 -        846
Koreans.....    243     18     20 Chinese...      11             813   41 119 824     41 119 -   581 -   23 -  99
Chinese.....       1     1.   Koreans.....     1              85    9   11   86    9   11 -   85 -    8-    11
Hindus.....    201               Hindus....   125              10            135           +   66
Portuguese,                       Portuguese,
Spanish and                       Spanish and
Porto Ricans   262     99 _96     Porto Ricans  214   132  204 ___             214  132 204 +    48 -   33 -   8
TOTALS..      3076  1818    349   TOTALS..     396   149  211 2712 728 1102 3108 877 1313 -     32 + 941 -   964




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