THE FIRST PART
OF
JACOBS' LATIN READER.
ADAPTED TO
BULLIONS' LATIN GRAMMAR:
WITH AN INTRODUCTION, ON THE IDIOMS OF THE LATIN
LANGUAGE; AN IMPROVED VOCABULARY; AND EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION,
ON A NEW PLAN.
BY REV. PETER BULLIONS, D. D.,
PROFESSOR OF LANGUAGES IN THE ALBANY ACADEMY; AND AUTHOR OF THE
SERIES OF GRAMMARS, GREEK, LATIN AND ENGLISH, ON
THE SAME PLAN, ETC., ETC.
NEW YORK:
PRATT, OAKLEY & COMPANY
21 MURRAY STREET.
1858.





Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1846, by
PETER BULLIONS.
in the Clerks Office of the Northern District of New-York.





PREFACE.
THis work has been prepared at the request of many teachers
who use the author's Latin Grammar, and is intended to follow it
as a " First Reading Book." The body of the work consists of the
first part of Jacobs' Latin Reader; a work already well known in
this country, and which appears to be well adapted to the end lor
which it was intended. The introductory exercises, however, are
arranged a little differently, and a few sentences have been introduced from other sources, for the purpose of illustrating some constructions more fully.
The object of such a work as this is to furnish to the beginner,
who is supposed to have become acquainted with the leading prin.
ciples of the Grammar, a praxis on those principles, both in Ety.
mology and Syntax, by which they may be rendered perfectly familiar to his mind, so as to be applied with more success and ease.
when he comes to read and analyze the writings of the Roman authors. It is in fact a Supplement to the Grammar, and the foundation of thorough scholarship must be laid here.
In order more fully to meet the wants of the beginner, and to
render the study of the Latin language more pleasant and easy to
pupils of every capacity, an INTRODUCTION is prefixed, containing
explanations of the leading idioms of the language, arranged under
proper heads, and illustrated by numerous examples, all of which
are numbered, so as to be easily referred to for the purpose of illus.
trating similar modes of expression which occur in the course of
reading, as is more fully explained p. 54. Though this part is in.
tended chiefly for reference, much advantage will be derived from
studying it in course in short lessons, simultaneously with lessons
in reading and parsing, and rendering the whole familiar by fre.
quent reviews.
The Introductory Exercises consist of short and simple sentences
classed in such a way as to illustrate the leading grammatical principles in the construction of sentences, both simple and compound,
and by a sufficient number of examples to render these principles
familiar and easy of application. In these, as well as throughout





IV


PREFACE.


the body of the work, constant reference is made to the Grammai
itself, as well as to the preceding Introduction, to illustrate and explain the principles of the language as they occur, and by repeated
refelence to render them familiar to the pupil and impress them indelibly on his mind. These references are more numerous at first;
but when any construction or idiom may be supposed to have beome familiar, the references to it are less frequent, and the pupil
s left to exercise the knowledge acquired in applying the principles
without the aid of references. The construction and use of the
subjunctive mood being one of the greatest difficulties and niceties
of the language, and all important to be well understood, references
for explanation, to the Grammar and Introduction, are more numerous and longer continued on this point than on any other.
These references also form a sort of index, by which the pupil
may be able to find at once other constructions of a similar kind in
the portion of the work previously studied, and so compare the one
with the other. For example, the letter t, p. 103, refers to the
Grammar, ~ 140, 5; by running the eye back along the references
at the foot of the page. the same construction will be found at the
letter i, p. 95; at C, p. 90; at d, p. 89. at d, p. 87, &c.; all of which
may thus be compared with great facility.
The method of reference and explanation here adopted entirely
supersedes the use of notes, by rendering them unnecessary, and it
is believed will prove vastly more profitable to the student than any
number,of notes could be, which generally do nothing more than
give the meaning of an idiom or phrase in a free translation, with.
out any explanation of its construction. Though this sort of aid
enables the pupil to get along with the translation of a sentence, it
leaves him as much in the dark as ever respecting its construction.
The consequence is, that when he meets with a similar construction
again in different words, he is as much at a loss as ever, and finds
his progress arrested unless he is again lifted over blindfold by the
aid of another friendly note. It is obvious that persons, in this
way, may go over much surface; and if they have a memory capa
ble of bringing to their aid the translation in the note when it is
wanted, they may be able to give a good translation of what they
nave gone over, and yet know nothing, or next to nothing, of the
construction of' what they have read; and hence it happens that
knowing but little of principles, or of the method of analyzing the
idioms and more difficult constructions of the language, whenever
they come to an author or passage where the wonted supply of notes
is wanting, they find themselves unable to proceed; or if they do,





PREFACE.


V


it is so much in the dark that it is with them a mere peradventure
whether they are right or wrong. It is therefore not without reason that many of our best teachers think that such notes, like translatons, do more evil than good. This evil, it is hoped, is in a great
measure avoided by the method here pursued; for while all needful
assistance is furnished, it can be attained only by referring to the
grammatical principle which contains the explanation needed;
and which soon becomes so familiar, that it can be readily applied
to the analyzing of every sentence in which it is involved.
Besides the application of the principles of Grammar in the analy.
sis of sentences, no less important is the study of the words themselves of which these sentences are composed. This belongs to the
department of Etymology, and, to the enquiring and philosophical
mind,presents a most interesting and pleasing field of investigation.
A proper selection of words is no less necessary to the expression
of our thoughts than their proper arrangement in sentences. Much,
accordingly, of the interest and advantage of studying the models of
antiquity lies in the study of the words selected by these writers
for conveying their sentiments to others. The derivation and composition of words, and the variety of meanings which they assume
in the expression of thought, should therefore form an important
part of study to the classical student from the very beginning, and
if properly conducted will prove as pleasing as it is profitable. It
may be laid down as a principle capable of abundant illustration,
that every word has one primitive and radical signification, to
which all its other significations and uses are related, and from
which they are drawn. This may be regarded as its strict and
proper meaning, and should constantly be associated in the mind of
the learner with the word itself. Once in possession of this, and
accustomed to trace the varied shades of meaning which the words
assume as they diverge from their radical and primary signification,
he will feel an interest and see a beauty in the study of language,
which he would otherwise never be likely to attain.
This primary meaning or a word is not always indeed its most
common meaning: this may even have passed into disuse; but still
it is necessary to be known, in order to have a clue to its various
derived significations, both in its simple and compound forms. If
instead of the primary, a secondary and distant meaning, though a
more common one, should be associated in the mind with the word,
it will be found impossible in many instances to account for, or ts
perceive any sort of propriety or analogy in its use in certain cases.
Take, as an example, the verb emo, the more common but not the





vi


PREFACE


primary meaning of which is,," to buy," and it will be impossible
to trace any sort of connection between such a meaning and that of
its compounds, adimo, eximo, internmo, perZmo, dirimo, and the like.
But assign to emo its primary meaning, " to take," and the whole is
perceived at once to be clear and consistent. This one example will
show how important it is that not only the derivation and composition of words should be fully exhibited in a good dictionary, but
also the radical and primary signification of all words, where that
can be ascertained, should be first stated, and then the secondary
and more distant meanings in that order which appears the most
natural. In this respect our school dictionaries, with one exception,
(Leverett's Latin Lexicon,) are exceedingly defective. This defect
I have endeavored to. supply in the Vocabulary appended to this
work, in which the plan just stated has been followed; so that the
pupil is here furnished with the means of tracing every derivative
and compound word to its source, (if that is in the Latin language,
derivations from the Greek not being given,) and of ascertaining
what is the primary signification of each word, from the best au
thorities within my reach, as well as those significations which are
more common, or which belong to the words in the various places
where they occur in this work. Care has been taken in connection
with this also to distinguish those words usually considered as synonymes. An earlier and more special attention to this part of study
than is usual, it is believed would amply repay the labor bestowed
upon it.
A few Exercises in composition are appended, drawn, as will be
perceived, from the reading lessons indicated both by the number of
the page and the paragraph. Lessons in composition, of the simplest character and to any extent, may be framed in the same way
from every reading lesson, or even from every sentence, and rendered into Latin, either orally in the class, or as an exercise in
writing, as suggested in the remarks prefixed to the Exercises
themselves.
A few suggestions have been introduced at the beginning of the
work respecting what is supposed to be the best method of using it,
especially with young pupils. These I am well aware are of n(
importance to the experienced teacher; nevertheless they may be
of some useto the young and inexperienced, and especially to those
who pursue the study of the Latin without the aid of a teacher.





IN TRO DU CTION.
SENTENCES.
1. A sentence is such an assemblage of words as makes
complete sense; as, Man is mortal.
2. Sentences are of two kinds, simple and compound.
3. A simple sentence contains but one subj ect and one
verb; as, Life is short. Time flies.
4. A compound sentence contains two or more simple sentences combined; as, Life, which is short, should be well
employed.
5. In the combining of words to form a sentence, observe
carefully the following
General Principles of Syntax.
1. In every sentence there must be a verb in the indicative, subjunctive, imperative, or infinitive mood, and a subject, expressed or understood.
2. Every adjective, adjective pronoun, or participle, must
have a substantive expressed or understood with which it
agrees, ~ 98 and ~ 146.*
3. Every relative must have an antecedent or word to
which it refers, and with which it agrees, ~ 99.
4. Every nominative has its own verb expressed or understood, of which it is the subject, ~~ 100, 101, 102. Or is
placed after the substantive verb in the predicate, ~ 103.
5. Every finite verb; i. e., every verb in the indicative,
subjunntive or imperative mood, has its own nominative,
expressed or understood, 0 101, 102, and when the infinitive has a subject it is in the accusative, ~ 145. The infinitive without a subject does not form a sentence or proposition, ~ 143.
6. Every oblique case is governed by some word, expressed or understood, in the sentence of which it forms a part.
0 The references are to the sections in the Latin Grammar





8


INTRODUCTION.


Resolution or Analysis.
Every simple sentence consists of two parts, the subject
and the predicate, ~ 94, 6. 7. 8. In analyzing a sentence,
it is necessary to distinguish between the Grammatical subject and predicate, and the Logical subject and predicate.
The Grammatical subject is the name or thing spoken of,
without, or separated from, all modifying words or clauses,
and which stands as the nominative to the verb, or the accusative before the infinitive.
The Logical subject is the same word in connection with
the qualifying or restricting expressions, which go to make
up the full and precise idea of the thing spoken of.
The Grammatical predicate is the word or words containing the simple affirmation made respecting the subject.
The Logical predicate is the grammatical predicate combined with all those words or expressions that modify or
restrict it in any way; thus:
In the sentence, "An inordinate desire of admiration
often produces a contemptible levity of deportment; " the
Grammatical subject is "desire;" the Logical "An inordinate desire of admiration."  The Grammatical predicate is
"produces," the Logical, "produces often a contemptible
levity of deportment."
In Latin and English, the general arrangement of a sentence is the same, i. e., the sentence commonly begins with
the subject and ends with the predicate. But the order of
the words in each of these parts, is usually so different in
Latin, from what it is in English, that one of the first difficulties a beginner has to encounter with a Latin sentence,
is to know how " to take it in," or to arrange it in the proper
order of the English. This is technically called construing or giving the order. To assist in this, some advantage may be found by carefully attending to the following
Directions for Beginners.
DIRECT. I. As all the other parts of a sentence depend
upon the two leading parts, namely, the subject or NOMINATIVE, and the predicate or VERB; the first thing to be
done with every sentence, is to find ou.t these. In order to
this.





INTRODUCTION.


9


1. Look for the leading verb, which is always m the
present, imperfect, perfect, pluperfect, or future of the indicative, or in the imperative mood,* and usually at or near
the end of the sentence.
2. Having found the verb, observe its number and person,
this will aid in finding its nominative, which is a noun or
pronoun in the same number and person with the verb, commonly before it, and near the beginning of the sentence,
though not always so, ~ 151. R. I. with exceptions.
DIRECT. II. Having thus found the nominative and verb,
and ascertained their meaning, the sentence may be resolved
from the Latin into the English order, as follows:
1. Take the Vocative, Exciting, Introductory, or connectzng words, if there are any.
2. The NOMINATIVE.
3. Words limiting or explaining it, i. e., words agreeing
with it, or governed by it, or by one another, where they
are found, till you come to the verb.
4. The VERB.
5. Words limiting or explaining it, i. e., words which
modify it, are governed by it, or depend upon it.
6. Supply everywhere the words understood.
7. If the sentence be compound, take the parts of it severally as they depend one upon another, proceeding with each
of them as above.
DIRECT. III. In arranging the words for translation, in the
subordinate parts of a sentence, observe the following
Rules for construing.
1. An oblique case, or the infinitive mood, is put after the
word that governs it.
Exc. The relative and interrogative are usually put before the gov
erning word, unless that be a preposition; if it is, then after it.
II. An adjective, if no other word depend upon it or be
coupled with it, is put before its substantive; but if another
word depend upon it, or be governed by it, it is usually
placed after it.
* All the other parts of the verb are generally used in subordinate
clauses. So, also, is the pluperfect indicative. In oblique discourse
the leading verb is in the infinitive, ~ 141. Rule VI.





10


INTRODUCTION.


Ill. The participle is usually construed after its substantive, or the word with which it agrees.
IV. The relative and its clause, should, if possible, come
immediately after the antecedent.
V. When a question is asked, the nominative comes after
the verb; (in English between the auxiliary and the verb.)
Interrogative words, however, such as quis, quotus, quantus,
uter, &c., come before the verb.
VI. After a transitive active verb, look for an accusative,
and after a preposition, for an accusative or ablative, and
arrange the words accordingly.
VII. Words in apposition must be construed as near
together as possible.
VIII. Adverbs, adverbial phrases, prepositions with their
cases, circumstances of time, place, cause, manner, instrument, &c., should be placed, in general, after the words
which they modify. The case absolute commonly before
them, and often first in the sentence.
IX. The words of different clauses must not be mixed
together, but each clause translated by itself, in its order,
according to its connection with, or dependence upon, those
to which it is related.
X. Conjunctions should be placed before the last of two
words, or sentences connected.





LATIN IDIOMS.


PARTICULAR DIRECTIONS AND MODELS FOR TRANSLATION.
Tie following explanations and directions are intended chiefly for reference. But
it will be of great advantage for the pupil to become familiar with them by going through
them two or three times, in course, simultaneously with his reading lessons.
1. BEFORE translating, every sentence should be read
over till it can be read correctly and with ease, paying special attention to the quantity and pronunciation. The words
should then be arranged according to the preceding general
directions, and translated as they are arranged, separately
or in clusters, as may be found convenient; always remembering to place adjectives and adjective pronouns with their
substantives before translating. The sense and grammatical construction being thus ascertained, the translation may
then be read over without the Latin, and due attention paid
to the English idiom. The whole sentence, whether simple
or compound, may then be analyzed as directed. ~ 152, and
iast of all, every word parsed separately as directed, ~ 153.
2. In order to arrange and translate with ease, it is necessary to be familiar with, and readily to distinguish the different cases, genders, and numbers of nouns, pronouns,
adjectives, and participles, and to translate them correctly
and promptly, in these cases and numbers, &c.; and also to
distinguish and correctly translate the verb in its various
moods, tenses, numbers, persons, &c. This can be acquired
only by continual practice and drilling, which should be kept
up till the utmost readiness is attained.
3. The English prepositions used in translating the different cases in Latin, for the sake of convenience, may be
called sIGNs of those cases; and in translating these, the
English definite or indefinite article is to be used as the sense
requires. The signs of the cases are as follows:
Nom. (No sign.)          Ace. (No sign.)
Gen. Of.                 Voc. 0. or no sign.
Dat. To or for.          Abl. With, from, in, by, &c.
* A Latin idiom, strictly speaking, is a mode of speech peculiar
to the Latin language. It is here used in a more extended sense, to
denote a mode of speech different from the English, or which, if ren
dered word for word, and with the ordinary signs of cases, moods,
tenses, &c., would not make a correct English sentence.





12


INTRODUCTION.


In certain constructions the idiom, of the English language
requires the obhqae cases in Latin to be translated in a manrer different from the above. The chief of these constructions are the following:
4. The Genitive.
1. The genitive denoting the place where, R. XXXVI., is
translated at; as, Romce, " At Rome."
2. Denoting price, sometimes fbr; as, Vendidit p u r is,
"He sold it for more;" or without a sign; as, Constitit
pluris, "It cost more.
5. The Dative.
1. After a verb of taking away, R. XXIX.; the dative is
translated from; as, Eripuit me m o r ti, "He rescued me
from  death;" Eripitur morti, "He is rescued from
death." R. XXXII-III. See ~ 123, Exp.
2. Denoting the doer after a passive verb, R. XXXIII., it
is translated by; as, Vix audior u 11 i, "I am scarcely heard
by any one."
3. Denoting the possessor, R. XV., Obs. 1, it is translated as the genitive; as, E i in mentem venit, " It came into
the mind to him," i. e., of him, or into his mind.
4. After verbs signifying " to be present," at; as, Adfuit precibus, He was present at prayers. ~ 112, R. I.
6. The Ablative.
1. The ablative denoting a property or quality of another
substantive, R. VII., is translated of; as, Vir m ir  ma gnitu dn e, "A man of wonderful size."
2. The place where, R. XXXVI. Exc., commonly at,
sometimes in.
3. After the comparative degree, 5 120, R. XXIV.. than,
as, Dulcior me I le, " Sweeter than honey."
4. Denoting the material of which a thing is made, ~ 128,
Obs. 2, of; as, Factus e b o r e, "Made of ivory."
5. After dignus and words denoting origin; also after
opus and usus, signifying need, of; as, Dignus h o n r
"Worthy of honor."





LATIN IDIOMS.


13


6. Denoting time how long, sometimes in; as, Un o die
fecit, "He did it in one day; " sometimes without a sign;
as, Uno d i e abfait, " He was absent one day."
7. Time when, at, on; as, Solis o c c s u, " At the setting of the sun; " Id  b us Aprilis, " On the ides of April."
8. After verbs of depriving, ~ 125, of; as, Eum v e s 4 e
spolidvit, "He stripped him of his garment."
Cases without Signs.
7. When the genitive, dative, or ablative, is governed by
an intransitive verb which is translated by a transitive verb
in English, (~ 38, Obs. 4.,) or by an adjective denoting likeness, the sign of the case is omitted; as,
1. Gen. Miserere m e i,    Pity me.
2. Dat. Praefuit ex ercitui, He commanded the army
3. "   Placuit r e g i,      It pleased the king.
4. Abl. Utitur fraud e,      He uses deceit.
5. "   Potntus est imp er io, He obtained the government.
6. Dat. Similis p a t r i,   Like his father.
Obs. But when rendered by an intransitive verb in English, the sign of the case must be used; as,
7. Insidiantur n o b i s,  They lie in waitfor us.
8. When a verb governs two datives, by R. XIX., the
dative of the end or design is sometimes rendered without
the sign; as,
1. Est mihi voluptati,       It is to me [for] a pleasure; i. e.
It is [or brings] a pleasure to me.
9. The ablative absolute, R. LX., (See No. 109,) and
frequently time how long, R. XL., are without the sign; as,
1. Bell o finto,             The war being ended.
2. S ex mensbus abfuit,     He was absent six months.
10. When the ablative is governed by a preposition, the
English of that preposition takes the place of the sign of
the ablative, and no other will be used; thus,
1. A b exercitu, From the army. 4. C u m dignitdte, With dignity.
2. E x urbe,  Out of the city. 5. P r o castris, Before the camp.
3. In agro,  In the field.  6. T enus pube, Up to the middle.
11. In order to specify more particularly, the English idiom
sometimes requires the possessive pronouns, my, thy, his,
her, its, our, your their, (not expressed in Latin unless contrasted with others,) to be supplied before a noun, and espe2





14


INTRODUCTION.


cially if they refer to the subject of the sentence. The
sense will shew when this is to be done and what pronoun
is to be used; as,
1. Filius similis patri,  A son like his father.
2. Reverere parentes,    Reverence your parents.
12. Nouns in apposition, (~ 97, R. I.,) must be brought
as near together as possible, and the sign of the case, when
used, prefixed to the first only; as,
1. Nom. Cicero Orator,   Cicero the orator.
2. Gen. Ciceronis oratoris, Of Cicero the orator.
3. Dat. Ciceroni oratori,  To Cicero the orator,
4. Abl. Cicerone oratore,  With Cicero the orator.
13. The noun in apposition is sometimes connected with
the noun before it by the words as, being, &c.; as,
1. Misit me c omit em,   He sent me as a companion.
2. Hic pu er venit,      He came, when [or being] a boy.
Adjectives and Substantives.
14. In translating an adjective or adjective pronoun and
a substantive together, the adjective is commonly placed
first, and the sign of the case is prefixed to it, and not to the
noun, ~ 98, R. II.; as,
1. Nom. Altus mons,      A high mountain.
2. Gen. Alti montis,     Of a high mountain.
3. Dat. Alto monti,      To [for] a high mountain.
4. Abl. Alto monte,      With a high mountain.
15. When two or more adjectives, coupled by a conjunction belong to one substantive, they may be placed either
before or after it; as,
1. Jupiter optimus et maximus,  Jupiter the best and greatest; or
Optimus et maximus Jupiter,  The best and greatest Jupiter.
2. Viri sapientis el docti,  Of a man wise and learned; or
Sapientis et docti viri,   Of a wise and learned man.
16. The adjective must be' placed after its substantive
when the former has a negative joined with it, or another
word in the sentence governed by it, or dependent upon it
So also solus; as,
1. Dux peritus belli,        A general skilled in war.
2. Filius similis patri,     A son like his father.
3. Polta dzgnus honore,      A poet worthy of honor.
4. Homines soli sapiunt,     Men alone are wise.
5. Avis tamparum decora,     A bird so little beautiful.
6. Littore non molli neque arenoiso, With a shore not soft nor sandy





LATIN IDIOMS.


15


17. The adjectives primus, medius, ultzmus, extremnus,
mnfimus, imus, sus, s, supremus, rqeliquus, ceter, or celtrts, and some others describing a part of an object, are
translated as substantives, with the sign of the case prefixed,
and of before the substantive following, ~ 98, Obs. 9; as,
1. Medi a nocte,             In the middle of the night.
2. Ad sum mu.m montem,       To the top of the mountain.
18, When these adjectives (No. 17,) describe the whole
and not a part only, they are translated as No. 11.; as,
Summum bonum,            The chief good.
Supremus dies,           The last day.
19. An adjective without a substantive usually has a substantive understood, but obvious from the connexion, ~ 98,
Obs. 5. Masculine adjectives, (if plural,) commonly agree
with homines, or, if possessives, with amici, cives, or milites,
understood; and neuters, with factum, negotium, verbum,
tempus, &c.; as,
1 Boni (homines) sunt rari,  Good men are rare,
2 Ccesar misit suos (milites,)  Caesar sent his soldiers.
3. Codes transndvit ad suos  Codes swam over to his fellow
(cives,)                    citizens.
4. Labor vincit omnia (negotia) Labor overcomes all things.
5. In posterum (tempus,)     In time to come,-for the future,
6. In eo (loco) ut,          In such a situation that.
20. Adjectives commonly used without a substantive, (but
still belonging to a substantive understood,) may be regarded as substantives. They are such as mortales, boni, mali,
superi, inferi, Grcecus, Romanus, &c. (See ~ 98, Obs. 5,); as,
1. Mali oderunt bon os,      The wicked hate the good.
2. G rce co s Romd n i vicrrunt, The Romans conquered the Greeks.
21. Adjective words when partitives, or used partitively,
take the gender of the noun expressing the whole, and
govern it in the genitive plural, (if a collective noun, in the
genitive singular,) ~ 107, RULE X. In this case verbs and
adjectives agree with the partitive as if it were a noun; as,
1.  lli quis philo sophjrumSome one of the philosophers has
dixit,                      said.
2 Una musdrum veniet,        One of the muses will come,
3. Mu Iti nobilium juvenum, Many noble young men.
22. The comparative degree not followed by an ablative,
or the conjunction quam, (than) is usually translated by the
positive with too or rather prefixed. For explanation see
6 120 Obs. 5.; as,





16


INTRODUCTION


1. Iracundior est, (scil.    He is too (or rather) passionate.
equo,)
2. E g r i us ferebat,       He took it rather ill.
3. J ltius voldvit,          He flew too high.
Obs. In a comparison, eo or tanto with a comparative in
one clause, and quo or quanto in the other, may be rendered
" the;" (See No. 44. 7. 8.) as,
4. Q u  plures, e feliciores,  The more the happier.
23. The superlative degree expressing comparison, it
usually preceded by the article the in English, (~ 25,) as,
1. D o c t i s si mu s Romanorum, The most learned of the Romans.
2. Fortiss mus miles in ex- The bravest soldier in the army.
ercitu,
24. When the superlative does not express comparison,
but only eminence or distinction, it is translated with the
article a or an prefixed in the singular, and without an article in the plural; or by the positive, with very, eminently,
&c., prefixed, (~ 25,); as,
1. Homo doctissimus,         A most learned (or a very learned)
man.
2. Homines doctissimi,       Most learned (or very learned)
men.
25. Alius repeated with a different word in the same clause,
renders that clause double, and requires it to be translated
as in the following examples:
1. Alius alid vid,    One by one way, another by another.
2. Aliud aliis videtur,  One thing seems good to some, another to
others, i. e. Some think one thing,
and some another. (See other varieties. ~ 98.Obs. 11.)
The same usage occurs with words derived from alius.
See Gr. ~ 98, Obs. 12.
26. The distributive numeral adjectives are usually translated by the cardinal number indicated, with "each," or
" to each," annexed; sometimes by repeating the cardinal
thus, " one by one;" "two by two," &c., ~ 24, 11; as,
1. ConsOles ', i n a s naves habe- The consuls had each two ships, or,
ba',                       had two ships each.
2. Qua - n g i i carri duceren- Where wagons could be led one by
tur.                       one.
3. -'ignr b i n,            Beams two by two, or in pairs.
4. Si r g I l"s sin g las par- He distributed equal parts, one to
tes,estribuit aqudles     each.
i. S i g 1., mensibus hoc fecit, This he did every (or each) month.
6. _Ilures - t n g I i uxores habent, They have each many wi ve,





LATIN IDIOMtS.


17


Pronouns.
27. 1st. The adjective pronoun, hic, hcec, hoc, with a noun
following, is used as an adjective, and means, in the singular, " this,"-in the plural, " these."--lle, illa, illud,-is,
ea, id,-iste, ista, istud, with a noun, in the singular, mean
" that,"-in the plural, "those."
2d. Without a noun following they are all used substantively, and mean, in the singular, he, she, it; in the plural,
they; thus,
1. Hic vir, This man.        4. Hi c fecit, He did it.
2. Illafemina, That woman.   5. Il a venit, She came.
3. Ea urbs, That city.       6. E a (Dido) condidit ea m, She
built it, (Carthage.)
Obs. In sentences containing an enumeration of particulars, the same pronoun is sometimes used in successive
clauses, but they require to be translated differently, (~ 98,
Obs. 12,); thus,
7. Hic,                      -     hic,
8. Is,     " one " " the one  -   iss,     another," "the
9. Ille,                     -     ille,      other."
10. A.lter,                  --   alter,
When antithesis or contrast is stated, hic is translated
"this," and refers to the nearer antecedent, ille, " that,"
and refers to the more distant; as,
11. Hic minor natu est, ill e major, This is the younger, that the
older.
28. Is, ea, id, followed by ut, or the relative, qui, qucs,
quod, in the next clause, means "such," and implies comparison. The relative after it may be translated, that I,
that thou, that he, that they, &c., according as the antecedent requires, or it may be translated as, and its verb by the
infinitive (~ 31, Obs. 2.); thus,
1. Is homo erat ut, 4c.,     He was such a man that, &c.
2. Neque is sum qui terrear,  I am not such that I may be fright.
ened. Or better thus, I am
not such a one as to be fright.
ened.
Obs. The adverb ed with ut following it means "so far,"
" to such a degree " "to such a point," " in such a state;" as,
8. E b pervenit ut,          " He came so far, (i. e. made such
progress,) that;"





INTRODUCTION.


Possessive Pronouns.
29 The possessive pronoun is equivalent in meaning to
the genitive of the substantive pronoun, and may often be
so translated; as,
1. Beneficio s u o populique Ro- By the kindness of himself and of
mdni,                       the Roman people.
2. Cum m e a nemo scripta legat, Since no one reads the writings of
vulgo recitare timentis,    me, fearing to recite them publicly.
30. The possessives, suus, sua, suum, in Latin, agrees in
gender, number, and case, with the noun denoting the object
possessed, but in English must be translated by a pronoun
denoting the possessor; thus,
1. Pater dillgit suo s libgros,   A father loves his children.
2. Parentes diligunt s u a m  obilem, Parents love their offspring.
3. Frater diligit s u a m sor6rem,  A brother loves his sister.
4. Soror diligit s u m fratrem,   A sister loves her brother.
Obs. In the first sentence, " suos," agrees with " liberos,"
but must be translated "his," denoting " pater," the possessor. In the second, suam, though singular, to agree with
sobolem, must be translated " their," so as to denote the possessors, " parentes," &c.
Usage of Sui, Suus,-Ille, Iste, Hic, Is.
31. The reflexive, sui, and its possessive, suus, generally
refer to the subject of the leading verb* in the sentence;
ille, iste, hic, is, never refer to that subject, but to some
other person or thing spoken of; thus,
1. C a to occidit s e,        Cato killed himself.
2. P at er dillgit suo s liberos, A father loves his (own) children.
3. Parent es diligunt suam    Parents love their  (own) off.
sobolem,                    spring.
4. Dicit s e valere,          He says that he is well.
Obs. In the second and third sentence, suos, "'his," and
suam, " their," referring to some other person than pater or
parentes, would be made by the genitive of ille, iste, hic, is.
In the first and fourth, se would be made eum. For the difference between these words usually translated "he," see
Gr. ~ 28, Obs. 3.
SSee Gr. ~ 28, Obs. 3, 1st., with note.





LATIN IDIOMS.


19


Note. If a second subject and verb be introduced, tne
reflexive governed by that verb will belong to the new subject, unless the whole clause refer to the words, wishes, or
actions, of the first subject; as,
5. Scipio civitatibus Italic reddi. Scipio restored to the States of
dit omnia quce s u a recog.  Italy, all the things which they
noscebant,                recognised as their own.
Usage of Ipse.
32. Ipse renders the word with which it is joined emphatic, whether expressed or understood, and is equal to the
English, myself, thyself, himself, themselves, &c., annexed
to it; sometimes to the word very prefixed. With numbers
it denotes exactness, and sometimes it is used by itself as
a reflexive instead of sui, ~ 28, Obs. 3, 2d.; as,
1. Ip s e faciam, (i. e. ego ipse,)  I will do it myself.
2. Ip s e frueris otio, (i. e. tuipse,)  Thou thyself enjoyest ease.
3. Jacilo cadit ip s e, (i. e. ille ipse,) He himself falls by a dart.
4. Ccesar ip s e venit,          Caesar himself came.
5. Tempus ip s u m convenit,     The very time was agreed on.
6. Ad ip s a s portas,           To the very gates.
7. Decem ipsi dies,              Ten whole days.
8. Precetus est ut ip s um liberdret,  He begged that he would lib
erate him.
9 Donum ip s i datum,            A present given to him.
33. When joined with the personal pronouns, used in a
reflexive sense, and in an oblique case, it sometimes agrees
with them in case, but more commonly with the subject of
the verb in the nominative or accusative. It is always, however, to be translated with the oblique case, to which it adds
the force of the word self, or simply of emphasis; thus.
1. Se ipse interfecit (orse ipsum,) He slew himself.
1. Noscete ipse (orte ipsum,) Know thyself.
2. Mihi ipse (or ip s i,) faveo, I favor myself.
3. Agam per me ip s e,       I will do it myself.
4. Virtus est per se ip sa lauda- Virtue is to be praised for it.
bilis,                     self.
5. Se ipsos omnes naturd dil-l All men  naturally love themgunt.                      selves.
RELATIVE AND ANTECEDENT.
General Principle.
34. Every sentence containing a relative and its antecedent, is a compound sentence, of which the relative with its





20)


INTRODUCTION.


clause forms one of the parts, and is used further to describe
or limit its antecedent word in the other part. That word
may be the subject, or belong to the predicate, or to some
circumstance connected with either. But to whichsoever
of these it belongs, the relative and its clause must all be
translated together, and in immediate connexion with its
antecedent word. Hence the following
General Rule of Arrangement.
35. The relative with its clause should be placed immediately after, or as near as possible to the antecedent, and,
unless unavoidable, another substantive should not come
between ther-.; thus,
Latin Arrangement.
1. Urbi imminet mons, qui ad Arcadiam procurrit.
Here "qui" with its clause, "ad Arcadiam procurrit,"
belongs to, and further describes the antecedent subject,
' mons."  As then the subject with all that belongs to it
must be taken before the verb, (Gr. ~ 152, Direct. 2, 2d, 3d,)
the above sentence should be arranged for translation, thus:
Mo ns qu i procurrit ad Arcadiam, immznet urbi, A mountain, which extends to Arcadia, hangs over the city.
Or, the English order may be inverted, thus: Urbi immznet m o n s, qui procurrit ad Arcadiam, Over the city hangs
a mountain, which, &c.
But not, Mons immfnet urbi, qui, &c., because this arrangement would place "urbi" between the antecedent, " mons,"
and the relative, "qui," and so lead to a false translation.
[he following sentence also affords an example:
2. Prox.me urbem Eu rtas fluvius delabitur, ad cuj u s ripas Spartdni se exercere solebant. Arrange, Proxzme
urbem delabitur, &c., Close to the city flows; or, Eurotas
fluvius, ad cujus ripas, &c.
36. When another noun necessarily comes between th(
relative and its antecedent, there is more danger of ambi
guity in English than in Latin, as the gender and numbes
of the Latin relative will generally direct to the proper an
tecedent, to which in English we are directed chiefly by the





LATIN IDIOMS.


21


sense. The following sentence affords an example of this
kind: Ad Byzantium fugit, opp d u m naturd munitum et
arte, q uod copid abundat.
37. The antecedent in Latin is often understood when
the English idiom requires it to be supplied. It is generally understobd, and should be supplied in the proper case:
1st. When it is intentionally left indefinite, or is obvious
from the gender and number of the relative, and the connexion in which it stands, as in No. 19; as,
1. Sunt (h o m  n e s) quos juvat, There are men whom it delights.
2. Hic est (i d) quod qucerinus, That which we seek is here.
" Hic sunt, (e a) uque qucerimus, Those things which we seek are
here.
3. (Is) qui cito dat, bis dat,  (He) who gives promptly, gives
twice.
Note. In the preceding sentences the antecedent supplied is in
parentheses.
2d. The antecedent is usually understood before the relative, when it is expressed after it, and in the same case,
(~ 99, Obs. 1, 2d.); as;
4. (P a r s) que pars terrenafuit, The part which was earthy.
5. (L o c u s) in quem locum venit, The place into which he came.
".dpud.ctium (locu m) qui lo- At Actium a place which is, &e
cus est, i4c.
Note. 1. When the antecedent word is expressed in the
relative clause, as in the examples Nos. 4, and 5, or is
repeated, as in the following, No. 6, (~ 99, Obs. 1, 3d.,) it
is omitted in translating; as,
6. Erant omnino duo itinera, qui- There were only two ways by
bus itineribus domo ex-     which they could goo from
ire possent,                home.
Note 2. Quisquis, quidquid, or quicquid, (and also quicunque, qucecunque, quodcunque,) "whoever, whatever," used as
a relative without an antecedent, includes a general or indefinite antecedent, in such case as the construction requires,
and is equivalent to omnis, or quivis qui,-omne, or quidvis
quod; as,
7. Fortunam q u c cu n q u e (i. e. They would hazard whatever
q uamvis fortunam q u a)     fortune (i. e. any fortune
accidat experiantur,         which) might happen.
8. Q uid q u id tetigprat aurum Whatever(i. e. every thing which)
fiebat,                      he had touched became gold





INTRODUCTION


Note 3. When the antecedent is a proposition, or clause
of a sentence, ~ 99, Exp., the relative is put in the neuter
gender, and sometimes has id before it referring to the same
clause; as,
9. Servi, q u o d (or id quod) nun- The slaves, which never had been
quam ante factum, manu-    done before, were set free and
missi et milites facti sunt;  made soldiers.
38. In the beginning of a sentence, a relative, with or
without quum, or other conjunctive term, and referring to
some word, clause, or circumstance, in a preceding sentence,
usually has the antecedent word repeated, or, if evident,
understood; and instead of who or which, may be rendered
this, that, these, those, or, and this, and that, &c., according
as the closeness of the connexion may require, (4 99, Obs.
8,); as,
1. Q u c urbs quum infestaretur, And since (or because) this city
was infested.
( Q u i legeti quum missi essent, When these ambassadors had been
sent.
2. Q u ce contentio cuncta per. This contention threw all things
miscuit,                    into confusion.
3. Q u i b us nunciis acceptis,  These tidings being received.
4. Q uo d quum ille cerneret,  And when he saw this.
5. Q uo facto,               This being done(or accomplished)
6. Q u c dum omnia contempla- And while they were contemplat.
bantur,                    ing all these things.
7. Q u od quum impetrasset,  And when he had obtained this.
8. A q u o consilio quum revocd- When he recalled him from this
ret.                       design.
9. Q u o ictu ille extinctus est,  And by this blow he was killed.
Note. To this construction belongs quod, (apparently for
propler or ad quod, ~ 128,) in the beginning of a sentence,
referring to something previously stated, and meaning, " on
account of, with respect to, or as to, THIS THING; " as,
10. Q u o d diis gratias habeo,  On account of this, (for this thtng,
wherefore,) I give thanks to the
gods.
11. Q u o d dic-et se venterum, As to what (as to that thing
which) he said, that he would
come.
39. When the antecedent word is not repeated, as in No.
38, the relative, with or without quum, or other conjunctive
term, may be rendered he, she, it, they, or and he, and she,
&c., according as the antecedent word requires, (~ 99, Obs.
8,): as,





LATIN IDIOMS.


23


1. Q u i quum admitter~ret,  And when he admitted
2 Q Iu e quum vidisset,     And when she had seen.
Q u ce quum visa esset,   When she had been (or was) seen.
3. Q ua m quum dare nollet,  And when he would not give it.
4. Q u i b u s quum occurrisset,  When he had met them.
5. Q ui (quce; pl. qui, que,) res- And he, (she, they) replied.
pondit,
6. Q u i (or quce) quum ades. And when they were present.
sent.
7 Q u e m Meledger interfecit,  And Meleager slew him.
8 Q u am quum ducgret,       And when he was leading her.
9. Ad q u e m quum venissent,  And when they had come to him.
10. Q u e m ut vidit,        As soon as, (or when) he saw him.
40. When the relative in any case is followed by the
subjunctive mood, and the two clauses, viz: the antecedent
and relative, involve a comparison; or the latter expresses
the purpose, object, or design, of something expressed by the
former, the relative is better translated by the conjunction
that and the personal pronoun; thus, that I, that thou, that
he, that they, &c., as the antecedent word may require, (See
Gr. ~ 141, R. II. and Explanation,);
1. Missus sum q u i te adducerem, I have been sent that I might
bring you.
2. Neque is q ui facias id,  You are not such a person that
you should do that.
3. Quis est tam lynceus qu i, 4-c. Who is so sharp sighted that he.
4. Misit legatos q u i cognosce- He sent ambassadors that they
rent,                      might find out.
5. Fruges manddvit qua s disse- She gave him fruits that he might
minaret,                   scatter them.
41. In the expressions, quippe qui, ut qui, utpote qui, the
relative is better translated by the personal pronoun which
represents the antecedent, (~ 141, Obs. 4,); as,
1. Quippe q u i nunquam legerim, For, (or because) I have never
read them.
42. After dignus, indignus, idoneus, and the like, in the
predicate, the relative and subjunctive mood may be rendered by the infinitive, (~ 141, Obs. 2. 1st.); as,
1. Dignus qui ametur,        Worthy to be loved.
2. Si dignum q u i n um er t ur If you shall elect a person worthy
crearitis,                to be reckoned, &c.
43. Sometimes the natural order of the sentence is inn
verted, so that the relative clause stands first and the antecedent follows it. In translating, the antecedent clause
should generally be placed first; as,





INTRODUCTION.


I. Q ui bonis non recte utitur, e i Good things become evil to him
bona malafiunt,            who does not use good things
well.
2. Q u i cito dat, (is) bis dat,  He gives twice who gives quickly.
Correlative Adjectives.
44. The demonstratives, tot, so many, and totidem, just
so many; tantus, as great, so great, as much, so much;
talis, such; are followed by their relatives, quot, quantus,
qualis, signifying as, to denote comparison; as,
1. T o t homines q u o t,   A.s many men as.
2. To t d e m naves q u o t,  Just so many ships as
3. T a ntusexerctus quantus, As great (or so great) an army as,
4. T ali s homo qua  s,      Such a man as.
So also the correlative adverbs.
5. Toties      -     quoties,  As often     -    as.
6. 'Tam        -     quam,    So            -    as.
7. E           --   quo       By so much     -   as.
8. Tanto       -    quanto,   By so much     -    as; or
In proportion  -     as.
45. Instead of the relative in such sentences, the conjunctions ac, atque, (~ 149, Obs. 6,) ut, and the relative qui,
quce, quod, are sometimes used and may generally be translated, " as," or " that."
1. Honos talis paucis est deldtus Such honor has been bestowed
a c mihi,                  upon few persons, as upon me.
2. Cum totidem navibus at que He returned with just as many
profectus erat, rediit,    ships as he had departed with.
3. Nulla est tanta vis q u  non No power is so great as (or, that
frangi possit,             it) cannot be broken.
46. When the relative only is expressed in sentences Implying comparison, the demonstrative (No. 44,) must be supplied and the sentence translated as above; as,
1. Crocodilus parit (tan t a) ova The crocodile lays (as large)eggs
q u a n t a anseres,        as geese lay.
2. (T o t) millia q uo t unquam As many thousands as ever came
venere Mycenis,             from Mycense.
47. Sometimes, as in No. 43, the natural order of the
sentence is inverted, so that the relative clause stands first
and the antecedent follows it. In translating, the antecedent clause should be placed first; as,
1. Q uot homines tot cause,  )
arrange            JAs many causes as there are men
Tot causs quot homines,





LATIN IDIOMS.


25


48. The relatives, quot, quotics, quantus, qualis, used interrogatively, or in an exclamation, or indefinitely, in the
indirect interrogation, and without implying comparison,
have no reference to an antecedent term  either expressed
or understood, and are translated respectively, "how many,"
"how often," "how great,'" or "how much," "what," or
"of what kind;" as,
I Inter. Quot annos habet?  How many years has he? i. e.
how old is he?
2. Indef. Nescio q u ot,    I know not how many.
3. Excl. Cum  qua n t  gravi- With how much gravity.
tite!
4. Indef. Doce quales sint,  Tell us of what kind they are.
THE VERB AND ITS SUBJECT.
General Principle.
49. Every finite verb (~ 95, 5,) has its own subject, expressed or understood, in the nominative case.
Obs. The subject of the verb is the person or thing spoken
of, and may be a noun, a pronoun, a verb in the infinitive
mood, a clause of a sentence, or any thing which, however
expressed, is the subject of thought or speech. (O 101,
Exp.)
General Rule of Arrangement.
60. The subject and all the words agreeing with it, gov.
erned by it, connected with it, or dependent upon it, must
be arranged in the order of their connection and dependence,
and translated before the verb.
1. Ca n is latrat,            The dog barks.
2 Ego Scribo,                I write.? L u d i r e est jucundum,  To play is pleasant.
4 Dulce est pr o patri mor i, To die for one's country is sweet.
5. Totus Gr aecrum ex er- The whole army of the Greeks had
c Itus.uulide convenerat,  assembled at Aulis.
b. Vir sapit qui pauca lo- The man who speaks little is wise.
qui tur,
51. When the subject of a verb is the infinitive, either
alone or with its subject; or a clause of a sentence, connected by ut, quod, or other conjunctive term, the English
pronoun, it, is put with the verb referring to that infinitive or clause following it, and which is its proper subject; as,
3





26


INTRODIUCTION.


1. Ftctle est jubere,        It is easy to command.
2 N.untidtumn est classem devinci, It was announced that the fleet
was conquered.
3. Semper accidit ut absis,  It always happens that you are
absent.
4. Qui fit ut metuas,        How happens it that you fear.
5. Nunquam  Romdnis placuisse That it never had pleased the Roimperatorem     a suis    mans, that a commander should
militibus interfi c i     be killed by his own soldiers.
52. The verb must always be translated in its proper
tense, and in the same person and number with its nominative. (See paradigms of the verb, 0 54-70.) But when it
has two or more nouns or pronouns in the singular, taken
together, or a collective noun expressing many as individuals, as its subject, the verb must be translated in the plural;
as,
1. Et pater et mater v e n run t, Both his father and mother have
come.
2. Turba quoquoversum r uun t, The crowd rush in every direction.
53. The nominative to a verb in the first or second person, being evident from the termination, is seldom expressed in Latin; but must be supplied in translating; as,
1. Scribo, I write.          3. Scribimus, We write
2. Legis, Thou readest.       4. Legitis,  You read.
54. When the verb in the third person has no nominative
expressed,'it refers to some noun or pronoun evident from
the connection; and, both in translating and parsing, the
pronoun ille, or is, in the nominative case, and in the gender
and number of the noun or pronoun referred to, must be
supplied; as,
1. (Ille) scribit,  (He) writes. 2. (Illi) scribunt, (They) write.
55. When the same word is the subject of several verbs
closely connected in the same construction, it is expressed
with the first and understood to the rest, both in Latin and
English; thus,
1. C a s a r venit, vidit, et vicit, Ccsar came, saw, and conquered
2. Dicitur C c s r e m  venisse, It is said that Casar came, saw
vidisse, et vicisse,       and conquered.
Interrogative Sentences.
66. A question is made in Latin in four different ways,
us follows:





LATIN IDIOMS.,


27


1st. By an interrogative pronoun; as, Quzs venit
" Who comes?" Q u en misit?      " Whom did he send?
Cuj us pecus hoc? " Whose flock is this?" &c.
2d. By   an  interrogative adverb; as, Unde venit?
"Whence came he? " C u r venit? " Why did he come?"
3d. By the interrogative particles, num, an, and the enclitic, ne. Thus used these particles have no corresponding
English word in the translation; they merely indicate a
question; as, Num venit, or an venit, or venitne? "Has he
come? "   um videtur? "Does it seem? "
4th. By simply placing an interrogation mark at the end
of the question; as, Vis me hocfacere? " Do you wish me
to do this? "
57. The interrogative pronoun or adverb, in all cases, is
translated before the verb; as,
1. Q uis fecit?         Who did it? or who has done it 1
2. Q u e m misit?       Whom did he send?
3. Q u an t o constitit?  How much did it cost?
4. Q ua l is fuit?      What sort of a man was he?
This is true also of the indirect question, i. e., when the
substance of a question is stated but not in the interrogative form; as,
5. Nescio q u a n to constiterit,  I know not how much it cost.
6. Docuit q u a m firma res esset He shewed them how firm a thing
concordia,                agreement was.
Note. When the verb in the direct or indirect question
comes under ~ 103, R. V., the predicate, or nominative after
the verb, is translated first, and the subject or nominative,
in the direct question after the verb, as in Ex. 4; but in the
indirect, before it, as in Ex. 6. Thus, in Ex. 4, qualis is
the predicate, and ille understood, the subject; in Ex. 6,
res is the predicate, and concordia the subject.
58. In all forms of interrogation not made by an interrogative pronoun, as in No. 57, the nominative or subject is
translated after the verb in English, in the simple forms,
and after the first auxiliary in the compound forms; as,
1. Videsne?                Seest thou? or dost thou see?
2. An venisti?             Hast thou come? or have you come?
3. Scribetne?                Will he write?
4. Num ibimus?              Shall we go?
5. Nonnefecit?              Has he not done (it?)





28


INTRODUCTION.


6 An egisset melius?         Would he have done better?
Y Vosne alemus?             Shall we support?
8. N'orne Dei est?         Does it not belong to God?
9. Iste estfrater?          Is that your brother?
59. When a sentence not interrogative is introduced bynee
or neque, not followed by a corresponding conjunction, (See
No. 124,) in a connected clause, the verb will be translated
by an auxiliary, and the English nominative will stand after
the first auxiliary; as,
1. Neque hoc intelligo,      Neither do I understand this.
2. Nec venisset,             Neither would he have come.
3. Nec adeptus sum,          Nor have I attained.
The object of the verb.
60. In translating, the object of a transitive verb in the
accusative is arranged after the verb, and as near to it as
possible. That object may be a noun, a pronoun, an infinitive mood, or a clause of a sentence, (~ 116, Exp.); as,
1. Romulus condidit u r b em,  Romulus built a city
2. Vocdvit e a m Romam,      He called it Rome.
3. Disce dic re vera,       Learn to speak the truth.
4. Obtilit ut capt v os r e- He offered that they should redeem
dim   rent,                the captives.
61. The interrogative or relative pronoun is always translated before the verb that governs it; as,
1. Q u e  mittemus?         Whom shall we send?
2. C u i dedisti?           To whom did ye give it?
3. Dens q u e m colimus,     God whom we worship.
4. C u i omnia debemus,      To whom we owe all things.
62. When a transitive verb governs two cases, the immediate object in the accusative, according to the natural order,
is usually translated first, and after that the remote object
in the genitive, O 122; dative, ~ 123; accusative, ~ 124; or
ablative, ~ 125; as,
I. Arguit m e furti,          He accuses me of theft.
2. Comparo Vi r g i i u m Homero, I compare Virgil to Homer.
3. Poscimus te p a c e m,     We beg peace of thee.
4. OnErat n a v e s auro,     He loads the ships with gold.
Note. The accusative of the person after verbs of asking,
is translated by of, or from; as,
5 Pyrrhum auxilium poposcerunt, They demanded aid of (or from)
Pyrrhus.





LATIN IDIOMS.


29


63. But when the remote object is a relative, or when th,
immediate object is an infinitive, or a clause of a sentence,
or a noun further described by other words, the remote object
must be translated first; as
1. C u i librum dedimus,     To whom we gave the book.
2. Da m i hifallgre,         Give me to deceive.
" Dixit ei confiteor meum pec- He said to him, I confess my fault.
catum,
3. Eum rogaverunt, ut ipsos defen- They entreated him, that he would
deret,                     defend them.
4. Docuit i I o s quamfirma esset, He shewed them how firm it was.
5. Civitatem, antea solicitatam, He supplies with arms, the city
armis ornat,              already excited.
64. When a verb, which in the active voice governs two
cases, is used in the passive form, that which was the immediate object in the accusative, becomes the subject in the
nominative, and the remote object in its own case immediately follows the verb. Thus, the examples No. 62, may
be arranged and translated as follows, ~ 126.
1. Arguor furti,             I am accused of theft.
2. Vir g ii u s comparatur Ho- Virgil is compared to Homer.
mero,
3. Pa x poscitur te,         Peace is begged of thee.
4. Na v e s onerantur auro,  The ships are loading with gold.
So also the participles
5. Accusdtus fu r t i,       Accused of theft.
6. Comparctus Home ro.      Compared to Homer,
7. Onerata a u r o,          Loaded with gold.
8. Nudata homin bus.         Stripped of men.
9. Ereptus m or t i          Saved from death.
Impersonal Verbs.
65. The impersonal verb has no nominative before it in
Latin. It is translated by placing the pronoun it before it
in English; as, (~ 85, 2.)
1. Decet,  It becomes.       4. Pugnatur, It is fought.
2. Constat, It is evident.   5. Itur,      It is gone.
3. Tonat,  It thunders.      6. Curritur,  It is run.
66. Impersonal verbs governing the dative or accusative
in Latin, may be translated in a personal form by making
the word in the dative or accusative the nominative to the
English verb, taking care always to express the same idea
(~ 85, 6, and ~ 113); thus





830


INTRODUCTION.


Impersonally.       Personally.
1. Placet m i h i,  It pleases me;     I am pleased.
2. Licet t i b i,  It is permitted to you; You are permitted.
3. Decet e u,     It becomes him;    He ought.
4. Pudet n o s,    It shames us;       We are ashamed.
5. Tadet v o s,    It wearies you;   You are wearied.
6. Favetur, i I is,. Favor is done to them; They are favored.
7. Nocetur h o s t i,  Hurt is done to the The enemy is hurt.
enemy;
8. Miseret me tui,  It moves me to pity  I pity you.
of you;
9. Pcentet eo s,    It repents them;   They repent.
10 Pcenitet me pec- It repents me, i.e., I repent of having
casse,                               sinned.
67. When the doer of an action denoted by an impersonal verb, or by a passive verb used impersonally, is expressed by the ablative with a, (~ 85, 6,) the verb may be
translated personally in the active voice, and the doer, in the
ablative, be made its English subject or nominative; as,
Impersonally.      Personally.
1. Pugnatur a me,  It is fought by me;  I fight.
2. Curritur a t e,  It is run by thee;  Thou runnest.
3. Favetur a n o b is It is favored by us;  We favor.
4. Favetur tibi a no- It is favored to you  We favor  you; or,
bis,              by us;           you are favored by us.
Note. The doer in the ablative with a, is frequently understood, (especially when no definite person or thing is intended,) and must be supplied as the context requires; as,
5. Ubi perventum est (ab illis,)  When it was come by them, i. e.
when they came.
6. Descenditur (ab hominibus,)  Men (or people,) go down
7. Conveniebdtur(abhominibus,)  People assembled.
68. Some verbs, not impersonal, are used impersonally,
when used before the infinitive of impersonal verbs, (~ 113,
Obs. 1,); as,


Impersonally.
1. Potest    credi It can be trusted to you;
tibi,
2. Non pot e s t no- It cannot be hurt to the
ceri hosti,     enemy;
3. Ut fieri so le t,  As it is wont to be done;
or. As is usual.


Personally.
You can be trusted;
66.2.
The enemy cannot
be hurt; 66. 7.


69. Verbs usually impersonal are sometimes used person
ally, and nave their subject in the nominative, ( 113, Obs
',); as,





LATIN IDIOMIS.


31


1. Doleo, I grieve, (Impersonally Dolet mihi,) It grieves me,
2 Candida p ax homwnes decet, Candid peace becomes men.
3. Ista g e s t a m i n a nostros hu- These arms become my shoalmeros decent,                ders.
Usage of Videor, " I seem."
70. Videor, "I seem," though never impersonal in Latin,
is often rendered impersonally in English; and the dative
following it, seems properly to come under Rule XXXIII,
~ 126, to denote the person to whom     any thing seems or
appears, i. e., by whom   it is seen; thus, Videor tibi esse
pauper I seem to you, (i. e., I am seen by you,) to be poor.
Video7 i ihi esse pauper, I seem to myself, (i. e., I am seen
by myself,) to be poor; or, I think that I am poor. So the
following:
1. Videor esse liber,        I seem to be free; or, It seems that


2. Videor mihi esse liber,
3. Videris esse,
4. Videris tibi esse,
5. Videris mihi esse,
6. Tu, ut videris, non scribis,


I am free.
I seem to myself to be free; or,
It seems to me, (or, I think) that
I am free.
You seem to be; or, It seems that
you are.
You seem to yourself to be; or, It
seems to you, (i. e., you think)
that you are.
You seem to me to be; or, It seems
to me, (i. e.. I think) that you
are.
You, as you seem, (or, as it seems)
do not write.


Obs. The third person singular of videor followed by an
infinitive, with its subject in the accusative, or by a dependent clause after ut, or quod, may be said to be used impersonally; though strictly speaking, that infinitive with its
accusative, or that clause, is the subject, (See No. 51,); as,
7. Videtur miki te valere,    It appears to me that you are well;
strictly rendered, That you are
well appears to (or, is seen by)
me.
8. Illi videtur ut valeat,    It appears to him, (or, he thinks)
that he, (another person) is well.
4 Videtur ssbi valere,        It appears to him, (or, he thinks)
that he, (himself) is well. He
seems to himself to be well





32


INTRODUCTION.


Verbs.-Indicative Mood.
71. Verbs in the indicative mood are translated as in the
paradigm in the Grammar. Care must be taken, however,
to notice when the sense requires the simple, or emphatic,
or progressive form.
72. When the perfect tense expresses a past action or
event extending to, or connected with the present, in itself
or in its consequences, it is used definitely, and must be
rendered by the auxiliaries, have, hast, has, or hath; as,
1. Regem vidi hodie.         I have seen the king to day.
73. When the perfect tense expresses a past action or
event, without reference to the present, it is used indefinitely, (Gr. ~ 44, III.) and cannot be rendered by have, hast,
has, or hath; as,
1. Regem vidi nuper,         I saw the king lately.
Subjunctive Mood.
The subjunctive mood is used in two different ways, viz:
subjunctively and potentially. (Gr. ~ 42, II. and 0 139-141.)
Subjunctive used subjunctively.
74. This mood is used subjunctively, but for the most
part translated as the indicative, when it expresses what is
actual and certain though not directly asserted as such.
This it does,
1st. When it is subjoined to some adverb, conjunction,
or indefinite term in a dependent clause, for the purpose of
stating the existence of a thing, (without directly asserting
it) as something supposed, taken for granted, or connected
with the direct assertion, as a cause, condition, or modifying
circumstance, (~ 140, Obs. 4,); as,
1. Ea cumr ita sint discedam, Since these things are so, I will
depart.
2. Si madeat,                If it is wet.
3. Quum Cesar red ret,       When Caesar returned-was re.
turning.
4. Ita perterritus est ut m o r - He was so frightened that he died.
retur,
5. Gratalor tibi quod r e d i 9 ri s, I am glad that you have returned





LATIN IDIOMS.


6. Fi imperit ae rint,    If they have commanded
7. Si reli q u i s s e m, inqui If I had left him, &c.
dicgrent,
8. QuunL Cesar p r ofe c t u s When Caesar had departed.
e s set,
Obs. In the first of the above examples the direct assertion, is discedam, " I will depart."  The dependent clause,
ea cumr ita sint, "since these things are so," expresses the
existence of certain things referred to without directly asserting it, but taking it for granted as a thing admitted or
supposed, but still affecting in some way the event directly
asserted. This holds good of all the other examples above.
The dependent clause connected by ut, or ubi, "when;"
dum, " whilst; " priusquam, "before;" postquam, "after;"
and other conjunctions, (~ 140, Obs. 2 and 3,); and also by
quum or cum, "when," (Obs. 4,) sometimes take the indicative mood.
2d. The subjunctive mood is used subjunctively, as above,
after an interrogative word used indefinitely, in a dependent clause, or in what is called the indirect question, i. e.,
an expression containing the substance of a question without the form. All interrogative words may be used in this
way, (See ~ 140, 5,); thus,
9. Nescio quis sit- q uid I know not who he is-what ss dofiat,                     ing.
10. Doce me u b i s in t dii,  Tell me where the gods are.
11. Nescio uter scrib ret, I know not which of the two wrote.
12. Nescio quid scriptum I know not what was written.
esse t,
13 Scio ccui, (a quo) scrip- I knowtowhom (by whom) it was
turn esset,               written.
14. An scis quis hocfe c rit? Do you know who has done this?
15. An scis a q uo hoc fac- Do you know by whom this has
tu mfuErit?              been done?
16. Nemo sciebat q u is hcc f e- None knew who had done these
cis set,                 things.
17. Percunctdtus q u i d v ell et, Having enquired what he wished
Note. The direct question requires the indicative; as,
Quis fecit? " Who did it? " The indirect requires the subj unctive: as, Nescio quis fe c e ri t, "I know not who did it."
75. This mood is used subjunctively, and usually translated as the indicative in a relative clause, after an indefinite general expression, (~ 141, R. I.) a negation, or a ques




34


INTRODUCT-ON


tion implying a negation, and also after the relative in ob.
lique narration, (~ 141, R. VI.); as,
1. Est qui dicat,            There is one who says.
2. Nudlus est qii n e g e t,  There is no one who denies.
3. Quis est qui hoc fa ciat?  Who is there that does this?
4. Antonius inquit, artem esse Antonius says that art belongs to
edrum rerum quc s c i a n-  those things which are known.
tur
The Subjunctive used Potentially.
76. The subjunctive mood is used potentially; 1st, in
interrogative sentences; and 2d, to express a thing not as
actual and certain, but contingent and hypothetical, (Gr.
~ 42, II. 2, and Obs. 3.) Thus used it is much less definite
with respect to time, and is translated with some variety;
as follows:
1. Present,  by may, can, shall, will, could, would, should.
2. Imperfect, by might, could, would, or should.
3. Perfect,  by may have, can have, must have, 4c.
4. Pluperfect, by might have, could have, would have, should have,
and denoting futurity, should.
The most usual renderings of each tense, are the following:
77. Present. The present subjunctive used potentially,
expresses present liberty, power, will, or obligation, usually
expressed by the English auxiliaries, may, can, shall, will,
could, would, should. (~ 45, 1.)
1. Licet e a s,              You may go.
2..An sic intelligat?        Can he so understand it?
3. Men' m o ve at cimex Panti- Shall (or should) the insect Panti
lius?                     lius discompose me?
4. Quis istos fe r at?      Who could bear those men?
5. Si hic sis, aliter s en t i as,  If you were here you would think
otherwise.
Imperatively.
6. Sic eat,                  Thus let her (or him) go.
7. Edmus,                    Let us go.
8. Pugnetur, (Impersonally,)  Let it be fought.
9. Diifaciant,               May the gods grant.
78. Imperfect. The imperfect subjunctive used potentially, is preceded by a past tense, and expresses past liberty, power, will, or duty, but still in its use expresses time
very indefinitely. It is usually rendered by the English





LATIN IDIOMS.


35


auxiliaries, might, could, would, should, sometimes had,
would have, should have; as,
1. Legebat ut disc e ret,    He read that he might learn.
2. Quid fac 6 rem?          What could I do?
3. Iret si j u b e r e s,    He would go if you should order it
4. Cur ventret,              Why should he come.
5. Rogavirunt ut v e n r et,  They entreated that he would
come.
6. Si quis di c & r e t, nunquam If any one had said it, I would not
putarem,                     have thought it.
Note. After verbs denoting to hinder, forbid, and the like,
quo minus with the subjunctive, may be rendered by from
and the present participle, (~ 45, II. 3,); thus,
7. Impedivit q uo minus ire t, He hindered him from gozng.
Obs. An action or state which would, or would not exist,
or have existed, in a case supposed, but the contrary of which
is implied, is expressed in Latin by the imperfect or pluperfect subjunctive, without an antecedent verb or conjunction,
(~ 139, 2,); as,
8. Sc r i b r r e m, si necesse es- I would write, if it were necessary.
set,
9. S cr ipsi ss e m, si necesse I would have written, had it been
fuisset,                   necessary.
79. Perfect. The perfect subjunctive properly expresses
what is supposed to be past, but of which there exists uncertainty. Thus used it is commonly rendered by the auxiliaries may have, can have, &c. It is also used sometimes in a
present and sometimes in a future sense, with much variety
of meaning, according to its connection, (~ 45, III.); as,
1. Fortasse e r r a v r im,  Perhaps I may have erred.
2. Etsi non s cr sps rit,    Though he cannot have written
3. Ut sic di x e rim,        That I may so speak.
4. Citius credid rim,        I would sooner believe.
5. Facile d ix e r im,       I could easily tell.
6. Quasi affu e r i m,       As if I had been present.
80. Pluperfect. The pluperfect (~ 45, IV.) is usually rendered by the auxiliaries, might have, could have, would have,
should have, as in the paradigm of the verb. But when an
action is related as having been future at a certain past
time, it is expressed in Latin in the pluperfect subjunctive,
and translated should; as,
1. Quodcunque j u ss is s e t me I said that I would do whatsoever
factirum dixi,            he should order.





INTRODUCTION.


SPromiisti te scriptfirum, si You promised that you would
ro ga v ssem,              write, if I should desire it.
3 Duon convaluisset,         Until he should get well.
81. The pluperfect subjunctive active, with quum, in
verbs not deponent, is used instead of a past participle
active, (~ 49, 8,) and may be rendered by the compound perfect participle in English; as,
1. Ceasar, quumhcec dix is set, Coesar having said these things;
(literally, Caesar, when  he
had said these things.)
82. When the subjunctive has a relative for its subject,
and the relative and antecedent clause involve a comparison,
they may be rendered as in No. 40, or the sense will be
expressed if we render the relative by as, and the subjunctive by the infinitive; thus,
1. Quis tam esset amens qu i sem- Who would be so foolish as to live
per v i vre t,             always.
2. Neque tu ises qui nescias, You are not such a one as not to
know.
83. When the relative and subjunctive follow such adjectives as dignus, indignus, idoneus, (~ 141, Obs. 2.) and the
like; or when they express the end or design of something
expressed in the antecedent clause, their meaning will be
expressed as in No. 40, or by the infinitive alone, or preceded by the phrase " in order to;" thus,
1. Dignum q ui secundus ab Ro- Worthy to be ranked next after
milo numeretur,            Romulus.
2. Legatos miserunt q u i eum a c- They sent legates to accuse (or, in
cus rent,                  order to accuse) him.
3. Virgas iis dedit q u i bus He gave them rods to drive, (in
a.g rent,                  order to drive; or, so that with
these they might drive.)
84. The subjunctive with, or without ut, after verbs signifying to bid, forbid, tell, allow, hinder, command, and the
like, (~ 140, 1, 3d, and Obs. 5,) may be rendered by the
English infinitive preceded by the subject of the verb in the
objective case; as,
1. Precor venias,            I pray that you may come; i. e.,
I pray you to come.
2 Dic v en i a t,            Tell her to come.
3. Sine eat,                 Permit him to go.
4. N on patieris ut e an t,  You will not suffer them to go.
6. Non pateris ut vescamur.  You do not suffer us to eat.





LATIN IDIOMS.


37


85. When several verbs in the same mood and tense,
have the same nominative, and are connected in the same
construction, the auxiliary and " to," the sign of the infinitive, in the translation is used with the first only, and understood to the rest; as,
1. Et vidisset et audivisset,  He might have both seen and
heard.
2. Et visus et auditus esset,  He might have been both seen and
heard.
3. Cupimus et videre et audire,  We wish both to see and hear.
The Ifiniitive Mood.
86. When the infinitive is without a subject, it is to be
considered as a verbal noun, (~ 144,) and translated as in
the paradigm of the verb; as,
1. Volo s cri b er e,        I wish to write.
2. Dicitur didicisse,        He is said to have learned.
3. Dictur i t rus esse,      He is said to be about to go.
4. Dicitur i trusfui sse,    He is said to have been about to go.
87. When the verbs possum, volo, nolo, malo, in the indicative or subjunctive, are translated by the English auxiliaries, can, will, will not, will rather, and sometimes, in the
past tense, by could, would, &c., the infinitive following is
translated without to before it; as,
1. Potest fi  r i,           It can be done.
2. Volo ire,                 I will go.
3. Nolo fa c re.             I will not do it.
4. Malo fa c er e,           I will rather do it.
5. Ut se volucrem f a c r e vellet, That he would make her a bird
6. Nihil jam defendi potuit, Nothing could now be defended.
7. Hoc f a c r e non potuit,  He could not do this.
8. Nolite timere,            Do notfear.
88. The present is generally translated as the perfect
without "to," after the imperfect, perfect and pluperfect
tenses of possum, volo, nolo, malo, when translated could,
would, would not, would rather; and with "to" after the
same tenses of debeo, and oportet, translated ought; as,
1. Melius fi e r i non potuit,  It could not have been done better.
2. Volui dicer e,            I would have said.
3. S u me re arma noluit,    He would not have taken arms
4. Maluit a u ger e,         He would rather have encreased.
5. Quam potuisset e d r e,   Than he could have caused.
6. Debuisti mihi ig nosc e re, You ought to have pardoned me.
7. Dividi opor t u it,       It ought to have been divided
4





38


INTRODUCTION.


Note. A strictly literal translation of most of the above
sentences would not express the precise idea intended; thus,
in the third sentence, " He would not have taken arms,"
and "He was not willing to take arms," manifestly do not
mean the same thing.
89. After verbs denoting to see, hear, feel, and the like,
the present infinitive is often translated by the English present participle; as,
1. A.udivi eum d i c e r e,  I heard him saying.
2. Su r g r e videt lunam,   He sees the moon rising.
3. Terram tremere sensit,    He felt the earth trembling.
Obs. So also when the infinitive alone, or as part of a
clause, is the subject of another verb; as,
4. Mo rd ri periculosum est,  Delaying is dangerous.
5. Mo r r i periculosum (esse) They think that delaying if danarbitrantur,                 gerous.
The Infinitive with a subject.
90. The infinitive with its subject in the accusative,
though but seldom, is sometimes translated in the same
form in English; as,
1. Cupio te venire,         I wish you to come.
2. Qu s discorddre nove- Whom he had known to differ
rat,
3. Ho c optimum es s e judicdvit, He decided this to be the best.
4. E u m v o c a r i jussit,  He ordered him to be called.
91. The infinitive with a subject, usually is, and always
may be, translated by the English indicative or potential,
according to the sense intended. When so rendered, its
subject must always be translated in the nominative; and
this, if not a relative, is usually preceded by the conjunction
that, (~ 145,); as,
1. Cupio te venzre,           I wish that you would come.
2. Dicit  e scriber e,        He says that I write.
3. E o s ivis se putdbat,     He thought that they had gone.
4. Q u em nunquam risis se ferunt, Who they say never laughed.
5. Rogcvit quid faciendum     He asked what he thought
(esse) putdret,             ought to be done.
92. Both the Latin and the English infinitive, by their
tenses, represent an act, &c., as present, past or future, at
the time of the governing verb. Hence, when the one is
translated by the other; that is, the Latin infinitive by the
English infinitive, (Nos. 86 and 90,) any tense of the one





LATIN IDIOMS.


39


will be correctly translated by the same tense in the other,
(except as in No. 88,) no matter what be the tense of the
governing verb; as,
1. Pres. Dicztur,  )    Pres.    Past.       Future.
2. Past, Dicebtur,    habere; habuisse;  habitarus esse.
3. Fut. Dicetur,
1. Pres. He is said
2 Past, He was said    to have; to have had; to be about to have.
3 Fuit. He will be said
93. But when the Latin infinitive, with its subject, is
translated by the English indicative or potential, the tense
used in these moods, must be that which will correctly express the time of the act expressed by the Latin infinitive
as estimated, not from the time of the governing verb, as in
Latin, but as estimated from the present. That is, events
present at the same time, or past at the same time, will be
expressed in English by the same tense; an event represented in Latin as prior to the present time, (perfect infini
tive after the present tense,) will be expressed by the Eng
lish imperfect or perfect indefinite; and an event represented in Latin as prior to a past event, (perfect infinitive after
a past tense,) will be expressed by the English pluperfect;
thus:
1. Pres. Dicunt eum venire, They say that he is coming, or
comes.
2. Past, Dixerunt eum ven i r e, They said that he came.
3. Pres. Dicunt eum venisse They say that he came.
4. Past, Dixzrunt eum venisse, They said that he had come.
5 Past, Caperunt suspicdri illam They began to suspect that she
ven re,             came.
Note. The infinitive after the future does not follow this
analogy, but is always translated in its own tense; as,
Pres.                Perf.         Future.
6. Dicent eum ventre,       venisse,    ventirum esse.
They will say that he comes, has come,  will come.
94. 1. Present, past, and future time, are variously expressed as follows:
Ist. Present time is expressed by the present tense, and
generally by the perfect definite.
2d. Past time is expressed by the imperfect, perf. indefinite and pluperfect.-by the perfect participle,-the
present infinitive after a past tense,-the present tense
used to express a past event, ~ 44, I, 3,-and by the pre




40


INTRODUCTION.


sent participle, agreeing with the subject of the governing verb in any of these tenses, ~ 49, 5.
3d. Future time is expressed by the future, and future
perfect.
2. The infinitive of deponent verbs, is translated in the
same manner as the infinitive active in the following ex..
amples in Nos. 95 to 100.
3. After verbs denoting to promise, request, advise, command, and the like, implying a reference to something future, the present infinitive, with its subject, is usually translated as the future, by should, or zoould, (See No. 100, 1, 2,
3, 7, 8, 9,); as, Jussit, eos per castra duci, He ordered
that they should be led through the camp.
4. The Latin words for " he said," " saying," or the like,
introducing an oblique narration, are often omitted, and the
infinitive takes the form of translation corresponding to the
time expressed by the word to be supplied.
From these principles are deduced the following directions for translating the infinitive with a subject.
Present Infinitive after Present or Future time.
95. DIRECT. I. When the preceding verb is in the present,
the perfect used definitely, or future tense, the present infinitive is translated as the present; as,
Active Voice.
1. Dico eum laudr e,        I say that he praises.
2. Dixi eum  a u d dr e,     I have said that he praises
3 Dicam eumn a u d r e,      I will say that he praises.
Passive Voice.
4. Dico eum Iaudari,         I say that he is praised.
5. Dixi eum I a u d d r i,   I have said that he is praised,
6. Dicam eum I a u d i r i,  I will say that he is praised
Present Infinitive after Past time.
96. DIRECT. II. When the preceding verb is in the zm
perfect, perfect indefinite, or pluperfect, or in the present in'
finitive after a past tense, the present infinitive is translated
as the imperfect, or perfect indefinite; as,





LATIN IDIOMS.


41


Present Infinitive.Active.
1. Dicebam eum I a u d r e,  I said that he praised.
E. Dixi eum  auda C e,      I said that he praised.
3. Dixeram eum l a u d r e,  I had said that he praised.
t Ccepi dicere eum  a u d r e, I began to say that he orassed.
Present Infinitive Passive.
5. Dicebam eum  a u d d r i,  I said that he was praised.
6. Dixi eum lauddri,        I said that he was praised.
7. Dixeram eum  a u d dr i,  I had said that he was praised.
8. Ceapi dicere eum l a u d dr i, I began to say that he was praised.
Exc. I. When the present infinitive expresses that which
is always true, it must be translated in the present, after any
tense, ~ 44, I. 1; as
9. Doctus erat deum g u b er - He had been taught that God gov.
n r e mundum,              erns the world.
Exc. II. When the present infinitive expresses an act
subsequent to the time of the governing verb, it is translated after any tense, by the potential with should; would; as,


10. Jubet )
11. Jussit     te ire,
12. Jusserat


He orders
He ordered      that you should go.
He had ordered


Perfect Infinitive after Present or Future time.
97. DIRECT. III. When the preceding verb is in the present, perfect definite, or future tense, the perfect infinitive is
translated as the imperfect or perfect indefinite; as.
Active Voice.


1. Dico eum laudavisse,
2. Dixi eum laudavisse,
3. Dicam eum laudavisse,


I say that he praised.
I have said that he praised.
I will say that he praised


Passive Voice.
4. Dico eum  au datum e sse, I say that he was praised.
5. Dixi eum l a u d tum es s e, I have said that he was praised
6. Dicam eum a u d t u m es se, I will say that he was praised.
7. Dico eum l aud d t um fu- I say that he has been praised
isse,
8. Dixi eum l a u d tu m fu - I have said that he has been praised
isse,
9. Dicam eum 1 a u d t u m fu - I will say that he has been praised.
isse.





42


INTRODUCTION.


Perfect Infinitive after Past Tenses.
98. DIRECT. IV. When the preceding verb is in the imperfect, perfect indefinite, or pluperfect, or in the present infinitive after a past tense, the perfect infinitive is translated
as the pluperfect; as,
Active Voice.
1. Dicebam eum laudavisse, I said that he had praised.
2. Dixi eum laudavisse,     I said that he had praised.
3. Dixeram eum 1 a u daviss e, I had said that he had praised.
4. Capi dicere eum    a u d a - I began to say that he had praised.
visse,
Passive Voice.
5. Dicebam  eum   a u d a t u  I said that he had been prassed.
esse,
6. Dixi eum l aud tum es s e, I said that he had been praised.
7. Dixeram  eum  l a u d d t um I had said that he had been praised.
esse
8. Ccepi dicere eum  aud t u m I began to say that he had been
e s s e,                 praised.
9. Dicebam eum  lauddtum I said that he had been praised.
fuisse,
10. Dixi eum l a udtum fu - I said that he had been praised.
isse,
11. Dixeram eum   a u d t u m I had said that he had been praised.
fuisse,
12. Ccepi dicre eum laud tum I began to say that he had been
fuisse,                   praised.
Future Infinitive after the Present Tense.
99. V. When the preceding verb is in the present, or perfect
definite, or future tense, the future infinitive with esse, is
translated as the future indicative; and with fuisse,by would
have, or should have, in the pluperfect potential in a future
sense; and fore, for futi2rum esse, is translated by will be.
Active Voice.
1. Dico  eum  laudatrum I say that he will praise.
esse,
2. Dixi eum   laudatfrum I have said that he will praise.
esse,
3. Dicam eum laudat rum I will say that he will praise.
esse,
4 Dico eum  a u d a t r umfu - I say that he would have praised
isse,
5 Dixieumlaudatfrumfu-I have said that he would have
isse,                     praised.
5 Dixi eum 1 a udata rumfu - I have said that he would have
isse,                    praised.
S. Dicam  eum laudat rum I will say that he would have
fuisse,                   praised.





LATIN IDIOMS.,


43


Passive Voice.
7 Dico eum I a u d C t u m iri,  1 say that he will be praired
9. Dixi eum I a u d d t u m iri,  I have said that he will be prazsed.
J. Dicam eum laud atum iri, I will say that he will be praised.
Future Infinitive after Past Tenses.
100. DIRECT. VI. When the preceding verb is of the imperfect, perfect indefinite, or pluperfect, the future of the
infinitive with esse, is rendered by would or should; arid
withfuisse, by would have, and should have; and fore for
futurum esse,after any past tense, by would be; as,
Active Voice.
1. Dicebam eum  a u d a t r u m I said that he would praise.
esse,
2. Dixi eum I au d a t rum, -c. I said that he would praise.
3. Disxram eum 1 auda turum. I had said that he would praise.
4. Dicebam eum l a u d a t r u m I said that he would have praised.
fuisse,
5. Dixi eum I a ud a t rum, u 4c. I said that he would have praised.
6. Dixeram eum laudatirum 1 had said that he would have
fuisse,                     praised.
Passive Voice.
7. Dicrbam eum   1 a u d atum I said that he would be praised.
iri,
8. Dixi eum lauda tu m iri, I said that he would be praised.
9. Dix~ram eum   l a ud t u m I had said that he would be praised.
iri,
10. Dicebam  (dixi) eum fore I said that he would be safe.
tutum,
Usage of Fore.
Obs. Fore is used for futurum esse, and, with a subject
after present tenses means "will be," after past tenses
" would be." Both of them when followed by a subjunctive
with ut (~ 145, Obs. 6,) after a present tense, may be translated by the future indicative of that verb; and after a past
tense, by the imperfect potential; as,
11. Credo eumfo r e tutum,    I believe that he will be safe.
12. Credebam, or credidi, (credi- I believed, (had believed) that he
d.ram) eum fore tutum,     would be safe.
13. Credo fore (or futurum esse) I believe that you will learn.
ut discas,
14 Credebam or credidi (credidg- I believed, (had believed) that you
ram) fo r e (or futarum es-  would learn
se) ut disceres,





44


INTRODUCTION.


Participles.
101. Participles are usually translated after their nouns,
us in the paradigms of the verb; thus,
1 Present active,  Homo c a r en s fraude, A man wanting guile.
2. Future active,  Homo scripttrus,    A man about to write.
3. Perfect passive, Vita bene acta,    A life well spent.
4. -     -        Ccesar c oa c t u s,  Csar being (or having been) compelled
5   (Deponent,)   Casar regressus,     Cmsar having returned
6. Future passive, Mala vitanda,       Evils to be avoided,
i. e., which ought to
be avoided.
Exc. But when a participle is used as an adjective, (~ 49,
3,) it is translated, like the adjective, before its substantive;
as,
7. Tigrin ostendit mansue- He exhibited a tamed tiger.
f a ct am,
8. In fe rventibus arenis Standing on the burning sands.
insistens,
Future Participle Active.
102. When the Future participle active is used to express a purpose, end, or design of another action, (~ 146,
Obs. 3,) it is rendered by " to," or the phrase " in order to,"
instead of " about to;" as,
1. Pergit con s u t r u s ora- He goes to consult (or, in order to
c&la,                     consult) the oracle.
Obs. The present participle is also sometimes used in
this sense; as,
2. Venerunt p o s t u ante s ci- They came to (or, in order to) ask
bum.                      food.
Perfect Participle Passive.
103. As the Latin verb has no perfect participle in the
active sense, (except in deponent verbs,) its place is usually
supplied by the perfect participle passive in the case absolute, (~ 146, Obs. 8,); thus, " Cesar having consulted his
friends," rendered into Latin, will be, Ccasar a m    c is
c o n s u  t i s, literally, " Caesar, his friends being consulted."
Hence,
104. When the action expressed passively by the perfect
participle in the case absolute, or agreeing with the object
of a verb, is something done by the subject of the leading





LATIN IDIOMS.


45


verb in the sentence, the participle is rendered more in accordance with English idiom, by the perfect participle in the
active voice in English, agreeing with the subject of the
verb, and followed by its noun in the objective case, (~ 49,
8, and ~ 146, Obs. 8,); thus,
1. Ccesar, h i s d ic tis, profectus est, translated in the
Latin idiom,  Caesar, these things being said, departed.
English idiom, Casar, having said these things, departed.
2. Op e re peract o, ludemus,
Latin idiom, Our work being finished, we will play.
English idiom, Having finished our work, we will play.
3. Pythiam ad se v o c at u m pecunia instruxit,
Latin idiom, He supplied with money Pythias being called to him.
English idiom, Having called Pythias to him, he supplied him with
money.
105. The perfect participle of deponent verbs having an
active signification, accords with the English idiom, and is
best translated literally; as,
1. Na c t u s navicklum,     Having found a boat.
2. C o h o r t t u s exercitum,  Having exhorted the army.
106. When the perfect participle of deponent or common
verbs, expresses an act nearly or entirely contemporaneous
with the leading verb, it may be translated by the English
present participle in ing, (~ 49, 5, Note,); as,
1. Rex hoc facinus mi r t u s The king, admiring this act, disjuvenem dimzsit,           missed the youth.
2. Columba d e lap s a refert sa- The dove falling brings back the
gittam,                    arrow.
The Future Participle Passive.
107. After verbs signifying to give, to deliver, to agree or
bargain for, to have, to receive, to undertake, and the like,
the participle in dus generally denotes design or purpose,
and is rendered simply as in the paradigm, or with the
phrase " in order to," prefixed, (~ 146, Obs. 4,); as,
1. Testamentum tibi tradit e - He delivers his will to you to (or
g endum,                 in order to) be read.
2..Attribuit nost r u c i d a n d o s He has given us over to Cethegus
Cethego,                   (in order) to be slain.
108. The participle in dus, especially when agreeing with
the subject of a sentence or clause, generally denotes propriety, necessity, or obligation, and is rendered variously, ae





46


INTRODUCTION.


the tense of the accompanying verb and the connection require, (~ 146, Obs. 5,); the following are examples:
1 Legdtus mitt e nd u s est,  An ambassador must (or should)
be sent.
2. Legatus mitte n d u s erat or An ambassador had to be sent.
fuit
3. Legdtus mitt e n d u s erit,  An ambassador will have to be sent
4. Legdtum mitt e n d u m esse, That an ambassador should be sent.
5.   -     mittendumfu- -                -    ought to  or
i s e,                    should have been sent.
6. Dissimu landa loquitur, He speaks things that ought to be
concealed.
7. Dissimu landa loquebd- He spake things which ought to
tur,                      have been concealed.
8. Quae dissimulanda         Which will have to be concealed.
erunt,
9. Dic,  quid  statuendu m Say, what is to be (or must be)
sit,                      thought.
Ablative Absolute.
109. When a participle stands with a substantive in the
ablative absolute, R. LX., the substantive is translatedwithout a sign, No. 9, and after it the participle, as in the paradigm of the verb; as,
1. Romilo regnante,          Romulus reigning.
2. Hac oratione h a b t,    This oration being delivered.
3. Ccsare v e n t ro         Cesar (being) about to come.
4. Prceceptis t r a d e n d i s,  Rules being to be delivered.
5. Bello o r t o,            War having arisen.
Note. The future participles, Ex. 3, 4, are seldom used in
the case absolute.
110. When two nouns,-a pronoun and a noun,-a noun
or a pronoun and an adjective, are used in the ablative
without a participle, (~ 146, Obs. 10,) they are translated in
the nominative without a sign, and the English participle
" being," inserted between them; as,
1. ldolescentilo duce,       A young man being leader.
2. Mario consile,            Marius being consul.
3. Me suas5re,               I being the adviser.
4. AJnnibdli vivo,           Hannibal being alive.
5 Se invito,                 He being unwilling.
Gerunds and Gerundives.
]11. The gerund, being a verbal noun, is translated in





LATIN IDIOMS.


47


the same manner as other nouns of the same case, and at
the same time may govern the case of its own verb, ~ 147;
as,
1. N. Petendum pacem,       Seeking peace.
2. G  Petendi pacem,        Of seeking peace.
3. D. Utendo libris,         To (orfor) using books.
4. Ac. Obliviscendumninjuridcrui, Forgetting injuries.
5. Abl. Parendo magistratui,  By obeying the magistrate.
6. Abl. Petendo pacem,       With, from, in, by seeking peace.
112. Of verbs that govern the accusative, instead of the
gerund in the oblique cases, the Latins commonly used the
participle in dus, in the sense of the gerund, and agreeing
with its object in gender, number and case; the case being
governed by the same word that would have governed the
gerund. When thus used it is called a gerundive. (~ 147,
R. LXII.)
Gerunds.                   Gerundives.
1. A~rs librum legendi, 5n. A rs libri legendi,
The art of reading a book.
2. Utilevulnera curando, 6. Utile vulneribus curandis,
Useful for healing wounds.
3. Adliteras scribendum,7. Ad lit ras scribendas,
For writing a letter.. De captivos commutan- 8. De captivis commutando.                        dis,
Respecting exchanging captives.
S113. When the gerund is the subject of the verb est,governing the dative; it implies necessity, and is variously
translated into the English idiom, as the tense of the verb
requires, (~ 147,); as,
Latin Idiom.              English Idiom.
1. Legendum est mihi,           I must read; I ougeht to read;
Reading is to me; i. e.,      I should read.
2. Legendum erat (fuit) mihi.   I had to read; I ought to have
Reading was to me;            read; I should have read.
3. Legendumfuerat mihi,         I had been obliged to read.
Reading had been to me;
4. Legendum erit mihi,          I will have to read; It will be
Reading will be to me;        necessary for me to read.
5. Dicit legendum esse mihi,    He says that I must readHe says that reading is to me;  ought to read-should read.
6. Dicit legendumfuisse mihi,   He says that I had to readHe says that reading was to me;  ought to-or should-have
read.
Obs. The dative is frequently omitted, and generally
when it denotes persons or things, in a general or indefinite





48


INTRODUCTION.


sense. In such cases, homini, hominibus, nobis, or the like,
must be supplied; as,
7. Vivendum est recte (scil homini- Living honestly is, viz: to men;
bus,)                     i. e., men  ought to live hon.
estly.
8. Dicit vivendum esse recte, (scil. He says that living honestly is,
homini,)                   viz: to a man; i. e., a man
ought to live honestly.
Supines.
114. The Supines are rendered without variation, as m
the paradigm, and under the rules, (~ 148,); as,
1..Abiit deambuldtum,       He has gone to walk.
2. Facile dictu,            Easy to tell, or to be told.
Passive Voice.
115. The passive voice, in the indicative mood, is trans
lated as in the paradigms. The subjunctive mood is subject to all the variety of construction and translation used in
the active voice, Nos. 74-84, acting on the verb to be, which
as an auxiliary with the perfect participle, makes up the
passive form of the verb in English.
In the compound tenses, (~ 53, 3,) when two or more
verbs in a sentence are in the same tense, and have the
same nominative, or are in the same construction, the verb
sum is commonly expressed with the last and understood to
the rest, as in the following Ex. 1. But when the nominative is changed, the verb "to be" should be repeated as in
Ex. 2.
1. Nisus a Minoe victus et occlsus Nisus was conquered and killed
est,                      by Minos.
2. Tres naves captae, decem de- Three ships were taken, ten sunk;
mersa, duo millia hostium  two thousand of the enemy were
capta, tredicim millia occisa  taken, thirteen thousand killed
sunt.
Passive Voice in a Middle Sense.
116. The Latin passive voice is often used to represent
its subject, not as acted upon by another, but as acting on
itself, or for itself, or intransitively, by its own impulse; and
so corresponds in sense to the middle voice in Greek. Thus
used, it is best translated by the active voice followed by
the reflexive pronoun as an object, or by an intransitive





LATIN IDIOMS.


49


verb expressing the idea intended, (~ 41, Obs. 3.)  The folowing are examples.
1. Paludibus a b d t i s u nt,  They concealed themselves in the
marshes.
2 Cum omnes in omni genere sce- Since all give themselves up to
lrum v olutentur,         every kind of wickedness.
3 Fertur in hostes,          Rushes against the enemy.
4 Volutati super poma,       Rolling themselves over the apples.
6 Cingitur armis,            Girds himself with his armor.
6 Sternuntur tumiilo,         Throw themselves on the grave.
7 Gallus victus o ccul t tur, The cock, when conquered, hides
himself.
117. The verb sum governing the genitive by R. XII., ~
108, may generally be translated by the phrase "belongs
to," "is the part," "is the property," &c. See explanation
under Rule; as,
1. E st regis,               It belongs to the king.
2. Pecus es t Melibcei,      The flock belongs to Melibceus.
3. Prudentia e s t senectatis,  Prudence is the characteristic of
old age.
118. The verb sum, (also desum,) in the third person,
governing the dative by ~ 112, Rule II., may generally be
translated by the corresponding tenses of the verb " to have,"
with the Latin dative for its subject, and the Latin subject


for its object; as,
1. Liber est mihi,
2. Liber erat mihi,
3. Liberfuit mihi,
4. Liber fuerat mihi,
5. Liber erzt mihi,
6. Libri sunt mihi,
7. Est mihi,
S. Liber deest mihi,


Latin Idiom.
A book is to me,
A book was to me,
A book was (or has
been) to me,
A book had been to
me,
A book will be to me,
Books are to me,
It is to me,
A book is not to me,.


English Idiom.
I have a book.
I had a book.
I had, or have had a
book.
I had had a book.
I will have a book
I have books.
I have it.
I have not a book


119. When a compound verb, rendered by the simple
verb and a preposition, is followed by two cases, the simple
verb with the immediate object (always in the accusative,)
is usually translated first, and then the preposition with the
remote object.
i. Flumen copias t r ansduxit, He led his forces across the river.
2 C i r c u m d re mnia op. To build walls around the city.
pZdo,
3. Caput dej ecit saxo,      He threw the head down from the
rock.
5





INTRODUCTION.


190. An adverb, adverbial phrase, or clause expressing
soume circumstance in translating, may often be arranged in
different situations in a sentence, due regard being paid to
the sense and harmony of the whole; thus, Magna debemus
suscipere dum vires suppetunt, may be arranged variously
for translating, as follows:
1. Debemus suscipire magna, dum vires suppetunt; or,
2. Dum vires suppetunt, debemus suscipire magna; or,
3. Debemus, dum vires suppMtunt, suscipere magna.
121. The negative conjunction ne, is variously rendered
lest, lest that, that-not, not; and after verbs signifiying to
fear, forbid, and the like, it is translated that, while ut in
the same situation, means that not.
1. Ne quis eat,              Lest (or that not) any one may go.
2. Orat ne se perdat,        She entreats that he would not
destroy her.
3. Egi ne interessem,        I managed that I should not be
present.
4. Dum n e veniat,           Provided he do not come.
5. Respondit ne cogitdta quidem He replied that not even the
latent.                   thoughts are concealed.
6. Vereor n e cadas,         I am afraid that you may fall.
7. Timui ut veniret,         I feared that he would not come.
Note 1. But when the fear expressed, refers to such things
as we wish, ne means that-not; as, Paves n e ducas illam,
You are afraid that you do not get her to wife.
Ne, after a command implying a negative, or prohibition,
is often omitted; as, cave titubes, take care that you do not
stumble.
Note 2. Ne quidem, (always separate,) is an emphatic negative, and has the emphatic word between; as, ne hoc
quidem, not even this; ne turn quidem, not even then.
122. When a verb is translated into English by the aid
of an auxiliary, an adverb, or clause modifying it, will often
have to be placed between the auxiliary and the verb, (Eng.
Gr. ~ 74,); as,
1. Dixit ne o b h o c alios con- He said that we should not on this
temndmus,                 account despise others.
123. Some prepositions are variously translated according
to the meaning of the words, or the case with which they
are connected; thus,





LATIN IDIOMS.


1. In, followed by an accusative, means to, into, towards.for, azainst,
&c., (~ 136, R. L.)
2. In, followed by the ablative, means in, upon, among, in, in the
case of, (~ 136, R. LI.)
3. Inter, referring to two, means between; to more than two, among.
4. Sub means under, at the foot of, close up to.
5. Pre means before, in comparison of;-sometimes, more than.
124. When the following conjunctions, adjectives, and
adverbial particles, are placed, one before each of two successive words or clauses, the first is commonly translated
differently from the second, and usually in the following
manner, (0149, Obs. 5.)
1. Et       --   et,        Both       -     and.
2. Que       -    que,      Both       -     and.
3..dut, el,     aut, vel,  Either          or.
sive,         sive, )
4. Ne        -   ne,        Neither   --    nor.
5. Neque      - neque,
6. Sive, seu  -  sive, seu,  Whether   -     or.
7 Tur     tu,         Not only   -    but also.
7. Turn     -    turn,      Both            and
m or       qm -   tum,      Not only  --    but also.
8. Cm orquu--     turn,     Both            and
9. Jam     --jam,       I Now         --then.
10. Nunc     -     nunc,     At one time -    at another.
Not only     -   but also.
11. Simul    -     simul,    No sooner  -     than.
As soon as -   instantly.
1  At one time -   at another.
12. Modo, alias--modo, alias, Sometimes -- sometimes.
Corresponding Conjunctive Terms.
13. Ne     -   an.           Whether--     or.
14. Utrum  -   an,           Whether -   or.
15. Ita, sic, tam, adeo --- ut,  So  -   that; so -  as.
16. Talis, tantus -   ut,    Such, so great    --     that
17. Is, ejusm6di -- ut,      Such, of such a kind -  that.
18. Simul  -    ac, or atque,  As soon -   as.
19. Tamdiu -- quamdiu        As long -    as.
20. Ut     -   sic,          As     -    so.
Ne is frequently omitted with the first word or clause, and must
be supplied when an stands with the second; as,
21. Recti an perperam,       (Whether) right or wrong.





INTRODUCTION.


Preliminary Suggestions and Explanations.
I There can be no pleasure either to the teacher or pupil in redith,g, unless the lesson is thoroughly prepared. Pupils who are
anxious to go over a great space in a short time should remember
thiat a short lesson well prepared, is vastly more profitable than a
long one ill prepared. Nothing is more injurious than superficial
learning. Festina lente.  Hence,
2. No lesson should be assigned longer than can be thoroughly got
by all the class. And no lesson should be allowed to pass, unless it
is thoroughly prepared.
3. Every word, at first, should be looked out in the vocabulary or
dictionary, and its primary meaning, at least, fixed in the memory.
And if more meanings than one are given, the pupil should try
which will answer best in the sentence he is reading. Nor should
he pass to another till he know all about this one-its class, gender,
declension, &c., as directed Gr. ~ 153. And if he forget, he should
look it out again, and if necessary, again, till he know it thoroughly.
4. Frequent and accurate reviews of the portion previously studied,
are of great importance. This is the best way to fix permanently in
the memory, the acquisitions made.
5. Every instance of false quantity, either in reading or parsing,
should be instantly corrected. Bad habits in this particular are
easily formed, and, if ever, are corrected with great difficulty. If
proper attention has been paid to this in going through the grammar,
there will be less difficulty now. In order to assist in this, the pupil
should commit to memory and apply the few following
General Rules for the Quantity of Syllables.
1. A vowel before another vowel is short; as, via, deus.
2. A vowel before two consonants, or a double consonant
is long by position; as, arma,fallo, axis.
3. A vowel before a mute and a liquid, (1 and r,) is common; i. e. either long or short; as, volicris, or volicris.
4. A diphthong is always long; as, Ccesar, afirum.
Note. In this work, when the quantity of the penult is determined
by any of these rules, it is not marked; otherwise it is marked.
6. The pupil should never, satisfy himself with being able to read
and translate his lesson, or even to parse it tolerably, but should try
wo understand the construction of every word, and the connection
and dependence of every part. And moreover, should hold himself
ready, if called upon, to answer such questions as the following, viz:
1 Questions that may be asked concerning every sentence.
Has this sentence any connection with the preceding? If soW hat is the connecting word? In arranging or construing this sen




INTRODUCTION.


53


tence, which word do you take first?-which next?-which next?
&c. Why? (See introduction-directions, &c.) In this sentence,
what is the grammatical subject? What is the grammatical predicate? What is the logical subject? What is the logical predicate?
Which should be taken first? (~ 152.) In what voice, mood, and
tense, is the verb? Why?
2. Questions that may be asked when the words in the
sentence render them proper.
Is this sentence simple or compound? If compound-What are
the simple sentences composing it? By what words are they con.
nected? Analyze the whole, and each part, (~ 152.) Is this word
simple or compound. If compound-Of what is it compounded?
What is the meaning of each part? What is the meaning of the
compound? Form other compounds and tell their meaning. Is this
word primitive or derivative? If derivative-From what is it derived? What is its primary meaning? What is its meaning here?
(If different)-How came it to have this meaning? What English
words are derived from it? Change the verb, if active, into passive,
and express the same idea-If passive, change it into the active,
and express the same idea. Change the verb into different tenses, &c.
Nouns. How do you know this word to be a noun? Proper? or
common? Why? In what case? Why? For what purpose is the
nominative used? Is it the subject or predicate here? For what
purpose is the genitive commonly used?-the dative?--the accusative?-the vocative?-the ablative? For what purpose is it used,
and by what is it governed here?.4djectives. How do you know this word to be an adjective? What
noun or pronoun does it qualify or limit here? Is it compared?
Why? Why not? (If a numeral)-To what class does it belong?
Pronouns. How do you know this to be a pronoun? To what
class of pronouns does it belong? (If used substantively)-Instead
of what noun does it here stand? (If adjectively)-With what noun
does it agree? (If a relative)-What is its antecedent?
Verbs. How do you know this word to be a verb? Of what class?
In what mood, tense, number, person? For what purpose is the
indicative mood used?-the subjunctive?-the imperative?-the in.
finitive? For what purpose is it used here.? For what purpose is
the present tense used?-the imperfect?-the perfect definite?indefinite?-the pluperfect?-the future?-the future-perfect?
From what point is the time of the infinitive mood reckoned?
(~ 47.) How is the present infinitive translated after a verb denoting
present time?-past time?-future time? How is the perfect translated (the future-the future-perfect) after a verb denoting present
time?-past time?-future time? (~ 47.) In what mood is the lead.
ing verb in oblique narration? (~ 141, R. VI. Exp.) In what mood
are verbs in dependent clauses in oblique narration? (~ 140, 6.)
For what purpose is the participle used? How does it become an
adjective? How are gerundfl used?-supines2





54


INTRODUCTION..Adverbs, Prepositions, Interjections, Conjunctions.--What is the
use of the adverb? What word does it modify here? What is the
use, of the preposition? Between what words does it show the relation here? What is the use of the interjection?  What emotion
does it express here? What is the use of the conjunction? What
words or sentences does it join here?
7. If the lesson contain names of persons or places, or allusions
to events or fables, in history or mythology, or to the manners or
customs of any people, let the pupil inquire into them and be ready
to tell something respecting them. This however should be only
a secondary matter with the beginner, as it properly belongs to a
more advanced stage; but still a little attention to it may serve to
interest and stimulate him to further research.
EXPLANATION OF REFERENCES.
The references at the foot of each page to which a section mark
(,~ ) is prefixed, are to the sections and their subdivisions in the
Grammar, and are intended chiefly to explain the construction.
In the references which have not a section mark prefixed, the first
number directs to the corresponding number in the preceding intro.
duction, and the second to the example under that number. Thus,
for example, 42, 1, directs to the example, Dignus qui ametur,
(p. 23,) and shows how the words qui amitur, in that, and all similar constructions, are to be translated. The words particularly referred to and intended to be noticed in the reference, are distinguished by being printed in a different character. These references
are intended to explain particular phrases and idioms, and to give
an example of the mode of translating them. This will be found a
more valuable aid in translating than notes, as it reduces the idioms
of the language to a sort of system, with every part of which the
attentive pupil will soon become familiar.
In many cases there is a reference both to the Grammar and to
the Introduction. All of these should be carefully looked out and
applied.
In the references to the Rules of Syntax in the Grammar, if there
is only one Rule in the section, it is indicated simply by the letter
R.; if there are more than one, the number of the Rule is annexed.
Exp. refers to the Explanation under the rule. Words to be sup.
plied are indicated by the syllable " Sup." for " supply," prefixed





INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES.


Substantives, Jdjectives, and Adjective Pronouns
Decline the following adjectives and substantives separatelythen together-translate them in each case and number. (See Nos.
3, and 14.) Tell the case and number here, and translate them.
Give the rui.e for their agreement (~ 98.). Show how they agree.
Bonus vir. Ingenui pueri. Prima hora. Summum
bonum.    In omnibus terris.    In toto   orbe.   Decimo
anno etitis   (No. 11.). Meliaris natfirw.  Presens periciilum.  Muliebri habitu.   Ad quintum diem. Fugices
anni. Breve tempus. Altus mons. Arbor altissima.
Omnibus viris. Primo anno. Presente tempire.
Meli6re habitu. Ad omnem aztitem. Summi periciili.
Totum annum.      Brevis etitis.  Fugices horm.    Omnibus temporibus.    Media nocte    (No. 17.). Ultima via.
Ad imam vallem.
Ille dies.  Hoc tempire. Ipsi fontes. Tuum      nomen.
Hic caper. Ista carmina. Lupus ipse. His montibus.
Re ipsa. Ex tuis libris. Ad hunc ignem. Tuafacta.
Carminibus nostris. Hoc apri set6si caput. Pater noster.  Etdem tempire.
The Verb and its 3Nominative. (~ 94, 7.).
Translate each noun or pronoun according to its number and case;
and each verb according to its voice, mood, tense, number, and person. Parse each word as directed, ~ 153, and show how the verb
agrees with its nominative, according to ~ 101, Rule IV.
Indicative JMood.
Present. A.mo.* Amimus. Legimus. Ventus spirat.
* The nominatives of the first and second persons, ego, tu, nos,
vos are usually omitted (~ 101, Obs. 1.).





C56


56        TINTR0OD~UCTORY EXERCISES.


Dorminus jubet. Servus paret. Tempus fugit. Ayes
volant.  Bonus horno Iamaitur..    Stella -vid~tur.  Nos
mon~mus. Ignis urit. Luna lueet. Jiomines dormiunt.
2. Imperfect. Moneb5dmus. Rex reg~bat. Vigil voc5.bat. Canis clusto'di~bat.!Sol occid~bat. Steilin videbantur.   Cam~lii curr~bant.   Equus   hinni~bat.   Boni
hoin-ines ainaba~ntu~r.'
3. Peifect.. Nos, aniav'imus.  111i mon'uerunt, Domni
nus jussit. Servus paruit. ilom-ines docu~runt. Scrip
-sistis.,Arbores crev~runt.  Venisti... Amivi.
4. Pluperfect. Sol occide'rat. flostes fuge'rant. Pue'ri
iege'ran't.  Vos Ivider~iitis.  Tu scripse'ras,. Jille bibe'rat.
Am5iti eri~mus. Monitus eram. Ayes. volave'rant. 11ii
jusse'rant.  Vos iege~ratiso1.1Lii docue'rant.
5.Future.. Scrib~mus. Amabitis. Umbra fugiet.
fi~or can..tfihit. 'Erius.Ure t ignis.  Deus d abit.
Temo'ra, v'enilent.  111i monbu~n~t.  Nos mone~bimur.
6. Future-Perfect. Amavero. Hannibal vice'rit.- Nos
venerimus.   Mon'iti, er-im'us.  Hora fuge'rit,  Doc'ue'ro.
R is e*riis. Pomum  cecide'rit.  Ambulaverimus.  Lege'ro
Subjunctive Mood.
1. Present.!Canis latret.% Sim. Am~mus. Ager ar6 -tur. Vos vide~tis. Tempus fugiat.- Luna luceat. 'Ven-;
tus spiret. Dormifimus. Ili~e capifitur. Li1i equi currant.
2. Imnperfect.' Cape'rem. Moner~mus. Pue'ri lege'rent. Sofliuc~ret.' Luna occide'ret. 1iii amirent.. Philom~1a cantiret. -Amor vinceret. Amar~mur.
3. Perfect.!Mise"rim.- Duxer-imus. Si deus dede'rit.
Quum hiems vene'rit. Nos fuer-imus. Miles pugnave'rit.
Domus oedificita fue'rit.  So occi'd'rit.  Vos amiseritis.
Monuer-imus. Liii cepe'rint'
4. Pluperfect., Puiss.mus. 'Beliaý finita e~ssent. Ama




INTRODTJCTORY EXERCISES           6


67


visseji. Mereat~res venissent. Poma peperidissent..Vos veindidiss~tis.  Risissem.  111i mansissent.  Pue'ri
scripsis~ient. Fuissem.  Lite'rap, scriptae essenit.
Imperative Mood.
Ama. Man~to. Regunto. Avis vo1ito. Canes Ia..
tranto. Scribe. 111i scribunto. Time. Curr'ito. Audit~te. 'Tene.   Faciunto.   Amfite.  Amanto.    Lite"rre
leguntor. Dies abito.
Miscellaneous Exercises.
Ego eram. Sylva stabat. Musa can~bat. Nox erat.
Dormihbas. Arma. sonibant. Ego vid~bo. Tempus
erit. Rura man~bunt. Troja fuit. Prata. bibgrunt. Non
jurivi. Umbra fuge'rat. Cicero scripse'rat. Caisar vicit.
Su'r.ge.  Leg-Ito.  Studkte.  Disce  aut. disc~de.  Vox
auditur. Prawmia dentur. Bellum parabiltur. Ilostes
capti essent. Portaw panduntur. Verba legebantur. Leges
datap, sunt.  Pue'ri ducuntur.  Tempora mutantur, et
nos mutamur.
Transitive Verbs and their Object.
Translate and parse as in the preceding. Point out the subject
of the verb,- i. e. the person or thing that acts. Point out the object
of the verb, i. e. the person or thing acted upon. State what case
it is in, and give the rule.
Audivi sonum. Hi pue'ri legunt llome'rum. Calsar
vicit Galliam. Vidi patremn (11.). Romfini bella paribant. Yic~runt hostes. Yulpes vide'rat leonem. Pa'vo
explicat pennas (No. 11.). Canis arc~bat boves. Accipliter rapuit luscimiam. Boni mortem non timent. Bacchus duxit exerclitum in Indiam. Scipio de1~vit Carthaginem. Mummius cepit Corinthum. Divitke non semper
felicit~tem prawstant.





58


58        INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES.


Verbs m-odified by Adverbs.
PuLgnat bene. Yenie-bant celer-iter. Pugniitum est
acrliter.  Res prospe'r1 gestae sunt. Corvus fort6 repe'rit
caseum.   Libenter bonas artes sequ'ere. ]Forte errivit,
fortasse errave'rit.  Gallina, quotidie ovum panit.  Semper esto para-tus. INunquam dice m-endacium. I cito,
s tatim, reverte. Egredior mane. Elephanti inaxim'e odZrunt murem; greg5,tim ingrediuntur.
Prepositions and their Cases.
Sub solem. Infra lunam. In urbem venit. In urbe
habitat. Sed~bat in loco aprico..E sylv~a rediit. Trans
Tibe'rim natat. Ex jill die Cawsar tendit in Galliam.
In rus abult. Nio'be locfita est in Apollinem et Di~nam.
Flumina, in mare currunt. In forum descendit. In aureo sawciio fibres nascebantur sine semine. Hannibal
helium, in Italia^ gessit.





INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES.


59


SIMPLE SENTENCES.
General Remarks
1 A simple sentence consists of two parts; the subject, or thing
spoken of, and the predicate, or that which is affirmed of the sub.
ject, ~ 152. In the natural order the subject is translated first, and
the predicate last.
2. Nouns and pronouns, either in the subject or predicate, may be
limited by nouns in apposition-by nouns in the genitive case, and
by adjectives and their regimen.*
3. Verbs belong to the predicate, and are limited by the noun or
pronoun governed by them as their object, by adverbs and adverbial
phrases.
4. Both subject and predicate may be further modified and limited
by circumstances of time, place, manner, &c., by a preposition and
its regimen, or by a dependent clause or phrase connected by a relative or connective term;-and all these should occupy that place
in the sentence in which their effect will be best perceived, and the
meaning of the whole sentence be most clearly exhibited.
N. B. Before proceeding with the following sentences, the pupil
should now be made perfectly familiar with ~ 152 of the Grammar,
and commit to memory, so thoroughly as to have always ready at
hand the " directions for beginners," p. 270, and the Rules for con.
struing, p. 271. This being done, these rules should be applied
in the analysis of every sentence for some time, till the exercise
becomes perfectly familiar and easy. This requires some attention
on the part both of teacher and pupil for a short time at first, and
the quantity read will necessarily be small; but both will be rewarded tenfold for this labor by the ease, rapidity and certainty with
which the pupil, even without the aid of his teacher, will soon analyze and translate the most intricate sentences. Let the trial be
properly made, and success is certain.
* By " regimen," is meant the noun or pronoun governed by any
word. Thus in the phrases, Amor patrie, avidus glorie, ama deum,
ad patrem, the words patrice, gloric, deum, patrem, are the regimen
of Amor, avidus, ama, ad, respectively.





60


INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES.


1. Subject and Predicate.
The subject or thing spoken of, before a finite verb, is always in
the nominative case, and has a verb agreeing with it by R. IV
The predicate, or the thing affirmed or denied of the subject, is
usually placed after it, and is expressed two ways, as follows:
1. The predicate consists of a noun, an adjective, or a participle,
in the same case with the subject, and connected with it by an intransitive verb, or passive verb of naming, appointing, &c., called
the copula. In all such sentences the predicate word, if a noun,
comes under R. V;-if an adjective or participle, it agrees with the
subject, and comes under R. II. (See ~ 103, Obs. 2;) or
2. The predicate consists of a verb, either alone or with its limiting or modifying words.
1. The Predicate a JNoun.
Eur6pa est Peninsila.a Tu eris rex.a Plurimmeb stellse
sunt soles.a   Boni pueri egregii viria fient.    Castor et
Pollux erant fratres.a     Ego sum    discipilus.a   Cicero
factus est consul.a  Ego salutor poeta.a
2. Predicate an Adjective or Participle.
Terra est rotunda.d    Vita brevis d est.  Vera amicitla
est sempiterna.d   Fames et siti sunt molestce.d Nemo
semper felixd est.     Non omnes milites sunt fortes.d
Mundi innumerabiles sunt.d      Nemo nimium beatusd est.
Avirus nunquam est contentus.d       Pater reversiurus d est.
Virtus laudanda,~ ebrietas vitanda est.
3. The Predicate a Verb, Sc.--Active Voice.
Elephanti semper gregatim ambulant.g       Cornices ambiilant,g passeres et meriilm saliunt;9 perdices currunt;9
plurimeaeh etiam nidificant.
Democritus explicate cur ante lucem galli canunt.8
Etiam infantes somniant.g    Parvae res crescunt.s
~ 103, R.           d~ 103, Obs. 2.      ~ 101, R. IV.
b 24, and ~ 26.     C  19, 1.h             19, Sup. aves.
~ 102, R. I.         108. 1.





INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES.         6


61


4. Passive Voice
Oves non ubique tondentur.a
In India"b gignuntur max'Ima animalia.
In Africa b nec cervi, nec apri, nec ursi inveniuntur-1a
In Syria b nigri le~nes reperiuntur.
Apud Rom~nos mortui c plerumque cremabantur.
Fortes C laudabuntur, igniivi C vituperabuntur.
Litte'rae a Phcenic-ibus invente sunt.
Carthfigo, Corinthus, Numantia, et inultw alie urbes
a Rominis eversce sunt.
5. Deponent Verbs.
Forminia etiam noctu operantur.e
Ursi interdum bipe'des f ingrediuntur.
Aqu-1aw, semper sokae 11 pravdantur.
Apud 2Ehi6pesir max-imi elephanti in silvisb vagantur.
Sturni et psittiaci humfinas voces' limitantur.
6. The A/ccusative after Transitive Verbs, Active Voice,
and Transitive Deponents.
Diemi perd'idi. Terra paritflores.i
Crocodilus ova parit.  Elephantus odit murem-i etJ
suemin.
Cam~1i diu siikt1rant.
Lanre nigrae nullum coldrem'i bibunt.
Senes min-imea sentiunt morbosi contagi6sos.
Cervi cornual sua quotannis amittunt..
Ceres frumentum   inv~nit; Bacchus' vinum;1 Mercua~ 101,R. IV.    *72.              ~* 116, R. XX.
b ~ 136, R. LI.   f~ 98, Ohs. 10.  J ~ 149, R..
o 19,) 1.         g ~136, R. XLVIII. k ~15, 1.
d ~44, Ill. Note.-  h ~116; R. I.   '~101, Ohs.. 41.
6





62


62         INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES.


Clanes soiadorninob suos bene nove-re) soli nomrnna
sua agnoscunt.
ilystrix aculeos " longe' Jacu1itur.
Sturni et C- psittaici humanas voces h imitantur.
Miltia-des sAthnas, b totamque Grceciam 1iber~vit.
The Genitive.
The genitive is used to limit the signification of the word which
governs it, by connecting with that word the idea of origin, proper.
t   or possession, ~ 105. It is commonly governed,
1st. By substantives, ~ 106, Rules VI., VII., and VIII.
2d. By adjectives, ~ 107, viz: verbals, partitives, and adjectives
of plenty or want; Rules IX., X., XI.
3d. LBy verbs. ~ 108. Rules XII1, XIII. XIV.; also, Rules
XXVII., XXVIII., ~ 126. R. I., & LI., ~ 113, Exc. I,&II1. See
also SS 95, 7, 4th, and 5th.
7. The Genitive governed by Substantives.
Crescit amor nUMMi *d
Jnfinital est multitfido m~orb~rum.d
LterUMr d usus est antiquissimus!f
Asia ete Africa greges bfer~rum. asin~rum alit.9
Magna f est lingudtrurn inter homines' ivarie'tas.
Innumerabilia f sunt mortis d signa, salfitisi paucisslima!
Cyru's omnium in exerct I     u    i~u      nomina btenebat memnori a^
Canis vestigia iferetrunm ( diligentissii-ne scruti~tur.
Nerno non benignus est SUjd judex.eý
Le~n~In' anirnid index' cauda est.
8. Genitive governed by.Ildjectives.
Setuper fragilitatis' hum5.nr sis memor!
A   16, 4.          e ~103),R. Ve    ~   ~1361 R. XLVIII
b ~116, R. XX.      f   0,.b*2.      i~1061 Obs. 3.
c~ 149,R.          g ~102, R. I.       k ~ 136, R. LI.





INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES.          6


63


Elephanti frigbris a impatientes b sunt.
Stultissima C animalium~d sunt Ianktta.b
Velociss-imum C omnium animaliurn d est deiphinus.
Stltlt6rum dneque quisquam beiitUSb est.
Ga~llrum d omnium fortissimi b sunt Be~guze.
9. Genitive governed by Verbs.
Omnia e erant hostium.-f  Hoc e non nostri 'moris " est.
Miser~re nostrj*9 Amicif est recordiri arnicjrumz.i
Plat~nem magnihasmo sed Socrktem plurish Monuisti me diei nateilis. Bon~rumf est linjuriarumi oblivisci, et beneficiii record~ri. Stultir est dice'rekllnonl
puta~ram.1) Est' magni lab6ris' multum, scribe're.k
The Dative.
The dative denotes the remote object to which any thing is done
'or given, or that to which any quality, action, or state tends or refers,
without directly acting upon it, and is governed chiefly,
1. By substantives, ~ 110..2. By adjectives, ~ 111.
3. By verbs, ~ 112, 123, and 126; R. III. and R. XXXIII.
10. The Dative governed by Substantives and./djectives.
Clodius semper virtutibusmI hostis n~ erat.
Vir bonus amicis m et patrieo decus Iest.
Nox somno P opportiina b est.
Nero primo' bonis m amicus," et studio P' musfirUM q ded-itus b fuit; sed postea monitorl-bus P~ asper et iritus fuit,
gen~ri P humano infestus, omnibus r inimicus, diis inv-isus,
et multa illi P adversa fu~runt.
a ~ 107, R. IX.    g ~ 108, R. XIII.  m ~110. R.
b ~ 103, Obs. 2.   h ~ 122, R. XXVIII. n ~103, R. V.
C21 & R. X. Exp. i~ 122, R. XXVII.  o ~ 149, R.
19,4.          k ~144, R. LVI.     q ~106, R. VI.





64


64        INTRODUCTORY, EXERCISES.


IXquus cunctis a et benignus esto, pau cis a familia-ris,
hostibus b mnitis, et nemini molestus; sic omni'bus a' carus
enis, et invisus nulli.b.fsinu b segni nullum. onus gratum, et puerob ignavo
omnis labor molestus est.
11. The Dative governed by Verbs.'
Natilira animalibuspC varia tegumenta d tnibuit, testas d
c~oria, spinas, vilbs, setas, pennas, squamas.
Homini soli f avaritia et g ambitio data hest.
Leonil vis sumi-na esti in pecto-re.
A/ntiquissimis homini bus ispecus erant k pro d omilbus.JVulli animcili i mernoria major est, qua'm cai.
Gallinacei leoni bus"' terr6rim sunt.
Elomini eý plurima. ex hom-ine' fiunt n mala,.
Homo, furi6sus ne liberiso quidem. suis P parcit.
Via mali q omnibus'r semper vitanda " est.
The A.'ccusative.
The accusative is used for the most part to express the object of
a transitive active verb, or of some relation, and is governed,
1. By transitive verbs in the active voice, or by transitive depo.
neat verbs, No. 6. 2.- By prepositions.
12. Thie A/ccusative governed by Prepositions.
Cam~lus naturile odium adversiis equos' genit.
Pictap, vestes jam apud.Uomerumt comm.emorantun.
Multa animalia congregantun -et 'contra aliau dimicant.
19, 1.          '~112, R.HI.       q ~ 106, R. VI.
b ~ 111)R.         J 118).            r    52, and19, 1.
c~ 123, R.        k 118, 2.          '108, 1, and
d~ 116, B.. XX    1 136, R. XLIX.     ~ 103, Obs. 2.
e~ 126, B.. III   m~ 114, R.         t ~ 136, R.. XLVIIl
f 16,4.           it~ 83, Obs. 3      u~192 4, and
g ~ 149, R.        o ~ 112, R. V.. & 7,2.  ~ 136, R.XLVIII
b ~44" 111. Note.  P 30, 1.





INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES.65


65


J-ippopot'amus sege~tes circa JAfiluma depaciur,Apud -Rorn~nos' rnortui plerumque crernabantur.
Inter omnes bestias a simia hoin-ini bimlima est.
The Afblative.
The ablative generally denotes that from which something is se.
parated or taken, or by or with which something. is done or exists.
It-isgoverned,
1. By nouns, ~ 118, or adjectives, ~~ 107, 119, 120.
2. By verbs, ~ 121, R. XXV., and XXVI. ~ 125, R. XXXVI., and
~ 126,7 R. V.
3. By prepositions.
4. It is used to express various circumstances, ~11, 5th &6th.
13. The A~blative governed- by.Nouns and.Adjectives.
Gratiale opus est nobi dta, tua~que auctoritate.e
iNunc yin -bus c opus est vobis,d1 nune prudenti consilio.
Reperiuntur interdum cervi candido, col~re!f
Catilina nobili gene-,re g natus erat, magna^ vi f et an'i
mi h et corp'oriS )e sed ingenio f. malo pravo~que.
Animus per somnum est sensi bus! et curis e vacuns.
E st philosophin pa'ucis contenta judicibus.9
Nihil video in SulI&' odio 1; dignum, misericordia^ 9 digna multa. INatfira parvo 9 contenta est.
14. The. Ablative governed by Verbs
Leamnaejubdi carent. Le~nes fac-i1e per triduum ciboi
carent.
Elephanti max'ime amni bus kgaudent.
Apes tinnitu k awris gaudent.
INumi1de plerumque lacte' et ferina^ carnem vescuntur.
a ~ 136, R. XLVIII. f~ 106, R. VII, & J ~ 121, R. XXV
b ~1IllR.              61 1.          k~ 121. Obs. 2.
e ~ 118),R. and 6, 5, g ~119,UR.       I ~ 121, R.XXVI.
d~ 112, R. ii.     h ~ 106, R. VI.    m ~ 14, 5, and (1.)
e~ 149, R. and Exp. i  107, R. XI.





INTRODTJCTOR f EXERtCISES.


Pi'arrhiti bonis a fru'imur atque utimur.b
ilispania viris, C equis, ferro, plumbo, aere, argento,
a-ur6que abundat..
15. The A9blative governed by Prepositions.
Quidam hornines nati sunt cumn dentibus. d
Xerxes cum paucissimis militibus dex Graiecia    auffigit.
Lucius Mee    1s rms      elephantos ex prima Punico
bello d duxit in triumpho.
Cantibit vacuus coram latr~ne d viator.
Side'ra ab ortu ad occisurn commeant.
Britannia a Phceni cl-bus irventa f est.
Apes sine rege esse non possunt.
Infans nihil sine ali~nd, ope potest.
IDulce g est h pro patrid? mon.'i
Ven~num aliquando pro remedjo, fuit.
Litte'rae a Phceni cz bus inventa! f sunt.
16. The AIccusative and A$blative with In and Sub, ~136,.R. L. and LL
Aquillae nidificanti in rupt-bus et arboribus.
Coccyx semper panit 'in ali~nis nidis.
In senectfite hebescunt k sensus; visus, auditus debili..
titur.'
In India^ gignuntur max"ima animalia.
Hyopenw, plurilma in sAfric& glignuntur.
I n Adfri Ca, neecm cervi, nec apri, nec ursi' reperiuntur.
In Syria^ nigri le~nes reperiuntur;
a~ 121, IR. XXVI.  f ~44, I1I., Note.  k ~ 88, 2.
b ~ 149, R. and Exp. g  98, Obs. 6.   1 ~ 102, Obs. 1.
C ~ 121, R. XXV.   li 51,1.           m ~ 149, Obs. 5, and
d ~ 136, R. XLIX.  i~ 144,1 R. LVI         124, 4.
e*~98, Obs. 10.    j~ 44, L;1.





INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES.         6


67


S~erus in ccel'a,~ redeas-a
Victi Persre in naves confug~runt.
Nuina Pompilius annum in duoddcim menses distribuit
Pontius Thelesinus Rom~nos sub jugum, misit.
Gallia sub sept entri onibus pos-ita est.
1'# -Ihe db~lative used to express various circumstances
without a Preposition.
The circumstances commonly denoted by the ablative without a
preposition, are Respect wherein, ~ 128; Cause, manner, means or instrument, ~ 129; Place, ~ 130; Time, ~ 131; Measure, ~ 132; Price,
~133.
Apri in morbis sibi b medentur hedgra'.c
Pyrrhus reX ) d tactu e poll'icis - in dextro pede, lien~sisl
medebitur.
Oleo insecta exanimantur.
Feraw domantur fame atque verberibus.
Anacreon pota d act-no Iuvwe passme exstinctus est.
Crocodilus pelle C- durissime2 contra omnes ictus munitur.
In Africa^ elephanti capiunturfoveis.e*
Elephanti spirant, bibunt, odorantur proboscide.0
Dentes usu, atteruntur, sed igne non cremantur.
Mures Alpini binis pedibus gradiuntur.
Apes tinnitu aeris convocantur.
Quibusdam in locis f anse'res bis anno g velluntur.
Color luscini5.rum autumno h mutitur.Hie-me 9 ursi in antris dormiunt.
Nemo mortalium omnibus horis h sapit.
Primbres dentes septimo mense gignuntur; septimo
lidem decidunt anno.h
a~ 45, L., 1, and a ~129),R.         f  136, R. LL
~42, Obs. 4and 5. d~97, R.         ir~ 13 1)R. XLI
b ~112, R.V. &7, 2. a ~ 112, R.V. &19, 1. h ~ 13 1. RI. XL





68


63        INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES.


Antipiiter Sidonius, po~ta,a quotannis, die natoli suo"0
fe71re corripieb~tur...Z-state dies sunt longi6res qu'am hie-,me.
Isocrates or5itor unam orati5nem viginti talentis P-yen
didit.
Luscinia cand'ida, sex sestertiis C Romaw venit.
18. JV'ouns in Apposition.
iPlur'irni Scythwe, bellicosissimi hmine,alcedvescuirl~ur.
iDeiphinus, animal a homini I amicum, cantu f gaudet.
Carth5igo atque Corinthus, opulentissimce urbes,9 e6-.
dem anno a Romiinis eversae h sunt.
QUA'm brevi tempo'rel popiili Romini, omnium gentium vict~3ris a libertas fractah est!
Mithriditem, Ponti r egem, Tigrines, rex.frrnenns,
exc~pit.
Circa Cyll~nen, montem in Arcadia^, meriihae nascuntur.
19. The Infinitive Mood withiout a Subject.
The infinitive without a subject is usually regarded as the subject
of a verb, ~ 144, R. LVI., or as the object of another verb, R.LVII.; and in this case always expresses an act or state of the sub.
ject of the verb that governs it.,
IIn the following, let the pupil state whether the infinitive v4 the
subject or the object of the Verb with which it is connected.
Erra-r'e J est humfintim.k
Turpe kest beneficium rep ete-re)
Benefiejis I gratiam non. referre etiam turpius est.
Parentes siios non amaire est impiump.k
a97) R.           i~lly R.           '~131, 1. X1.1
b ~131, R. XL.     f ~ 121,Obs. 2.     J ~ 144,R. LVJ
~ 13 3,R          g ~ 97, Obs.. 2.   k ~ 98, Obs. 6.
d~ 121, R. XXVI.   h ~ 44, 111., Note.  I~ 123 R.





INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES.          6


69


Te cupio vid~re.a Volili dormire.a
Aude contemne~re a opes.  Carmina possiimus donaire.
Pote*-ram conting~re ram~os.
Nihil amplius scrib~re possum.
Ego cupio ad te venire. Intellige-re non possum.
Cess5,tor b esse noli. Cur timet flavum Tibe'rim tan ggre?
Philippus vol~bat C amari. Alexander metui vo1~bat.
Tecum d viv~re amo. Natfiram mutare pecunia nescit.
Bene* ferre disce magnam fortiinam.
Angustam pauperiem pati puer discat.e
Dici befitus b ante obitum nemo debet.
AXquam memento f rebus in arduis servatre mentem.
Aurum vestibus g intex~re inv~nit rex Att'alus.
Non omnes homines awquo am6re h complecti possiimus.
Illecebras voluptitis vitore deh~mus.
Romaw i elephantes per funes inced~re docebantur.
20. Gerunds.
Gecrunds are construed like substantives, and,at the same time,
govern the case of their own verbs, ~ 147.
Etiam post-malam messem serendumi est.
Omnilbus 'j aliquando moriendumi est.
Semper pugnandum i est contra cupiditites et lubidinem.
PlJU  M rima k sunt i11ecebra, peccandi.'
Artem scrib endi'1 Phomnices, artem acu pingendi' Pliry..
%tes inven~runt.
Cupid'itas vivendi nunquam immensa besse debet.
a~ 144, RL. LVII.  ~ 42, Obs. 5.   j ~ 147yR. LXI.,&k
b ~ 103, Obs. 6.,   ~ 84, 2.            Obs. 1.
e ~ 44, if., 1.   g ~ 123, R.       k ~ 103, Obs. 2.
4~90, 2..        b~ 129, R.       I'~147, Obs..2.,
'~45,1 L1, and   i ~130,1,& 4, 1.





70 -

70         INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES.


1-Ionestiss-ira est contentio beneficiis a beneficia yin
c enidi.
ilomo natilraa" est cup-idus nova semper videndt et
audiendi.
Lib~ri stint inut-iles igniro "' legendi.
Ohim ca1'amus adhibebitur scribendo.0
A~qua marina in-utihis est bibendo.
Culex habet telum et d fodiendo et sorbendo idoneum.
Non omnes requaliter ad discendum,e proni sumus.
Simiae catiilos sawpe complectendof necant.
Ben eficia exprobrandof~ corrumpimus.
Amicus amicum semper al-iqua^ re a juvibit, aut re, aut
consilio aut consolando f cert'e.
21. Gerundives.
Gierundives are participles in dus, with. the sense of the gerund,
and agreeing in gender, number, and case, with their nouns, ~ 49.7,
and ~ 147, R. LXII.
In'itum est consilium urbis delendaeq civium trucidand~rurn,g nom'inis Romini ext-inguendi.9
Puer par est on~rihferendo.
Omnes civitites Groecioe pecuniam ad classem a~dificandarn, et exercitum comparandurn ded~runt.
Vir bonus, in malis ali~runI amovendis, seipsum suble'vat.
COMPOUND SENTENCES.
A compound sentence consists of two or more simple sentences
connected together by conjunctions, relatives, or adverbs, ~~ 149, 99,
140 and 141.
a ~129, R.             124, 1.         g ~147) R. LXII,
b   19, Sup, homIni. e ~ 147, Obs. 4.       112.
c ~147, Obs. 3.    f~147, Obs. 5.       ~ 111, R.
d ~ 149, Obs. 5, and





INTROflUCTORY EXERCISES.         7


71


22. Conjunctions.
Sol ruit~et a montes umbrantur.
Vir b bonus et prudens dici delector egro.
Jmmensa est, finemqueeC potentia Dei non habet.
Accipe're, d prawstat qudim a face're injurialn.
Rap're atque ab-ire semper assu~vit lupus.
Semper honos, nomenque c tuum, laudesque man~bunt.
Sapientem  neque e paupertas, neque mors, neque vinculia terrent.
Juno erat Jovis, et f soro r et conj ux.
iNox erat, et fulg~bat luna.
In praelio cita mors venit, aut victoria lawta.
Marius et Sylla civile, bellum, gess~runt.9
Leti vis rapuit, rapietque gentes.
Non form~sus erat, sed erat facundus, Ulysses.,Si h divithe. feliciti.tem. prwestant, avaritia prima virtus
est.
23. A/dverbs.
Quoties 1ite'ras tuas lego, omnem. mihii pramterit~rum
tempo~rum. memoriam in mentem revo"co.
Magnai deb~mus suscipere, dum vires suppe'tunt.
Cervi, quamdiu corn'ibus k carent, noctu ad pabiila
Proc~dunt'.
Quidam. crocodilum,'I quamdiu vivat,m cresceren enistimant, vivit autem. multos, annos.0
Gloria virtfitem, tan quam umbraP sequ'itur.
S~ 149,ý R.       f124,Y 1.         1 ~ 145, R. LVIII.
b ~103, Obs. 6.   g      ~12. 1.   m ~141, Obs. 8
c ~ 9.3, Ohs. 2.  h ~ 140, Obs. 3..     95, 1.
d  144, R. LVI., &  i ~ 110, Obs. 1.)&5) 3 a ~ 131, R. XLI
e 149 R & Obs 1. k ~121, R. XXV







72INTRODUC~rTORY EXERCISES..24. Compar-ison.
Comparison is made in two ways, 1st By a conjunction, qualm, ac,
atque, connecting the words denoting the things compared in the same
case, ~ 149;-and 2d, By the ablative after the comparative wit'hout
a conjunction, ~ 120.
Canes Indici grandiores sunt qua'm cete"ri.a
Nullum nialum est veheinentiushb et importuniusb quam
invidia.e
Interdum ferfirum anirnos, mitiores invenimus quam
homninum. (
Latro ferae e est similior q'ud"m hom-ini.c:
Maj or est animi voluptas quam corp oris.,d
In montibus'ae~r purior est,weti tenuior quam, invallibus.
Comparison without a Conjunction.
Nihil est. e'eMentia f divinius.
Auru'm gravius* est argento.!
Addmnas durior est ferrol ferrum durius cete'ris 'metallis.
Luna terrwi propior est sole.
Quid magis est durum saxo, quid mo'lliu's aqua~
25. Relative, Pronouns.. (~,;990.)
INon omniis ager, quig serlitur, fert fruges
Psittdcus, quem India mittit, reddit verba, qucee acc~pit.-./ichilles, cujus ýres gestas. Hom'6ri- -carmilna -celebrant,
ad ilellespontum sepultus est.
Myrnecides -quidam    quadrigam -fecit ex ebo're,. quam
nmusca alis h integ~bat.
Quibonis non rect~e utft~ur', ei i bona m~ala fiunt..k
~149, R. and 19.  e 111),R.           ~ 99, Exp. & 43, 1
b ~ 103, Obs. 2.   f ~ 120,) R. and 6, 3. J  126, R.- -III.
~149, iR.        g ~99, R.          k ~83, Obs. 3.
~~106, Obs 3.      h ~129, R





INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES.7.


73


Beneficirni redldit, qyjia ejI S b bened iemor est.
Grues in itineribus ducern, quem sequantur,Q efigunt.
Copias suas Ca~sar in proxirnum collem subduxit, equb.ttztumque, qui siistin~ret hostium impe~tum, misit.
Subjunctive Mood.
The subjunctive mood is used in dependent clauses, connectedi
with the leading clause by conjunctive particles, adverbs, or by tbe
relative pronoun. When it exprcsses a fact, real or supposed, but
not directly asserted or vouched for, it is translated by the English
indicative. When it expresses a thing, as not actual and certain, but
only as conditional or contingent, as. what may, can, might, or should
take place, it is translated by the English poteatial, ~ 42, IL., and
~140, and 141
26. The Subjunctive with cum or QUU1V.
Platea 'Cum devor5atis se iMpldvit e conchis,l testas
evomit.
Ceres frumenta inv~nit, cium antea homines gland-ibusg
vescerentur.e
Nave liprimus' in Gramciam Danaus adv~nit, cit*m an.tea rat-ibus " navigaretur.)
Alexander, rex, k Macedoniae, cu~m Thebas cepisset,,
Pirida'ri vatis k fanlilioem pepercit.
27. The Subjunctive after Conjunctive Particles. (~140.)
Tanta est in India" ubertas soli, ut sub una ifen" ntur.
mnto equitumn condant'r.0
Ursi per hie'ment tam gravi somno h premuntur, ut ne
LAID.P. ribus"h quidem excitentur.0O
a  3711st.3.       g ~ 1215 R. XXVI    I ~ 140; Obs. 4) and
A107, R. IX.      h ~129, R.             74,8.
1.44, R. 11. & 40, 5  i~ 98, Obs. 10.  m ~ 112, R. V..~14-11iR. 11. & 40, 4. J ~ 85-,3,&R~ 140,  n ~136, R.LM.
~1.40. Obs. 3.        Obs 3.         o ~ 140, 1, 1st.
S~125,2R.         k ~ 97, R.





74


74        INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES.


Delphir).. tant~k interdum, vi e mani exsiliunt, ut vela"'
ria-vilm tranvolenb...i In dia' ser~'entes,-cd tantam magnitud-inem adolescunt,
ut hitegros haustznt1b (, -rvos taurosque.
Fac,c ut hom-ine:- anlm4-u tuum pluris faciantld qua-m
nin~ia, qure illis e tricu'ere pt- sis.f
Alexander edixit, nb quis ip,-uni 9 prwter Apellem pingd~.et.h
Pythagor~is i interdietun.fimin     fabis' vescerentur.h
Ociili palpebris m sunt mui~ti, ne" quid incidat.h
Nihil fere' tam reconlditum est, guin0 quawendo m invenuri possit.
Nunquam tam mane" egredior, neque tam vespe'ri domum P' revertor, gum0o te in fundo conspicer fod're, aut
arfire, q aut al'iquid face're.
Xerxes non dubitfibat, quino0 copiis suis Graecos fadiN"
superatuirus esset.1
28. The Subjunctive with words expressing an indirect
question. (~ 140, 5.)
Quwr'ituir) unus ne 8silt inundus, an plures.
Disputibant vete'res phulos'ophi, c~asu "I ne s factus sitt
mundus, an mentern divna^.
Augustus cum amicis suis consultibat, utri'm impenium servaret,t an depon~ret.
Perpe'ram qureritur, num in amici gratiam jus violki
possit.t
a ~ 136. R, LII.   b ~ 137, R. and Exp.   121,1.
b ~ 140, 1, 1st.       and ~ 140,1, 3d. D ~ 140, 3.
d ~140, 1,3 d.     i 51,3.            q  8 9,1.
e ~123) R.         k 121, 6.          r ~451 1.
f ~ 141, Obs. 8.   1~ 121, R. XXVI.   s124, 13.
g  32,8.          ni 129K.          t ~ 140,5.





INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES.         7


75


Clconioe quonarn e loco veniant, ant in quas se regiknc~
coifoiant, inconipertum est *a
Quis numer~re potest, qu~oties per totam vitam lacrymas fud~rit?
2,9. Subjunctive after the Relative. (~ 141.)
Quis est qui nesciat b quid voluptas sit 11
Non invenies qui Demosthe'nem orati~rem max'imum
esse neget.b
INemo felix est, qui e~a lege viibat, b ut impfine' necfiri
poSSet.d
Cawsar leg~tos misit, qui iter cognosce-rent.e
Sunt qui amicitiam mnolestam reddant.b
lbs libros non contemno, quippe qui nunquam legg&
rim.1'
Verba, qua~ sententias indicent,e reperta sunt.
Peccavisse mihi videor,f; qui a te discesse-rim. h
Decemvyiri crefiti sunt, qui civit5ti leges scrib~rent."
Regcilus dixit se desiisse Romfinum esse, ex i~lla die
qud in potest~tem Pczen~rum venisset.i
30. The Infinitive with a subject, ~ 145..Thp, infinitive with a subject is translated by the indicative or po.
tential in English. Its subject, which is always in the accusative,
is translated in the nominative, and usually has the conjunction rhar
before it. It forms a distinct but dependent proposition which, like
the infinitive without a subject, forms either the subject cr object
of the verb on which it depends'. (See ~ 145.)
Aristote'1es tradit, in Latino, Carire monte, hospites a
scorpioni-bus non kedi, indig~nas interirni.k
a   51,3.          e ~ 141, Obs. 2. 4th. i~ 141, R. VI.
b ~ 141,P R. I.    f~ 141, Obs. 4.    J ~ 126, R. 111.
c~ 140,5'.        g   70,2.           k  95, 4,& ~ 145.
d~ 140, 1, 13t.    h ~ 141, RI. III.





76


76         INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES.


AT Xrarro narrat, a cuniciilis syfir'ossuinm in H1ispania^
o.pjpdum,, b a talpis in Thessalia^; ab ranis inclaS b urbis
inGaliha ]UJlSOS,a ab locustis in Afr-ica^; ex Gy'aro insu1a'
inc-IlaS b a m-uribusfugdtos, in Itaha 3myclas a serpentibus deldtas esse.
Observ~tum est,c pestilentictmb semper a merididnis
patbus ad occidentem ire 0d
Horn~rus Pygrnavosb popiilumn ad oceanum, a gru-ibus
uflfstari e pro didit; Aristote'1es eosdem in cavernis viveired
narrat.
Poste'ri aliquando querentur nostra culp~a moresb eversos esse.!
Virgilius per testamentum jusse'rat carmina b sua cremer~ id bA ugustusfi~ri g vetuit.
Sertorius cervam   a1lbat, candidam, quam, b Hispanke
gen tes fati~dicaMhl esse1 cred~bant.
Illustre est inter p~hiloso'phos nornen Anaxago'rw, quemb
yeteres nu Inquam in vita' risissei ferunt.
31. Participles. (~ 146.)
Participles are usually translated after their nouns, with which
they agree in-gender, number, and case, in the same manner as the
adjectives; and at the same time govern the case of their own
verb.
Exempla fortilnre variantis k sunt innumera. h
Galli diem venientem. cantu nuntiant.
Cecrops urbem'1 a se conditam"1 appe11~bat Cecropiam.
a ~47, 6,& 97, 4.  e 95, 4.           i 90 2, or91, 4
a ~ 145, R. and Exp. f97, 6.          J 91, 4.
a51, 2, &94. 1.  g   96, 12, or 90,4.  k  101,)1
4 95, 1.           h ~103. Obs. 2.    1 ~ 116, O1,s. 1.





INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES.          7


Ify 7


Augustuis Primusa    on~     tigrili   sedi     ase
Gymnosophista, in India" toto die eferventtibus ci arenisf
insistunt, Solem 9 intuentes.
Epimen'ides puer h aWstu  et itine'rej fessus,'k septem et
quinquaginta, annos e in specu dormivisse dicitur.
Julius Caesar simul dictare,1 et legentem audire sol~bat.
Leo prostritis" parcit.
Ayes aduncos ungues habentes carne0 vescuntur, nec
unquam congregantur.
Canis venaticus venat6rem com-itantem loro i ad ferirum lustra, trahit.
iBeneficium non in eo P consistit, quod datum, sed in
ipso dantismn an-imo.
Stmuthiocam~li AfrIci altitudinea `equitis equo q insidentis exc~dunt.
Interdum deiphini conspecti sunt, defunCtum d delphlnum portantes, et quasi funus agent es.
Multa,%quae de infantibus femrmum lacte nutritis k produntur, fabul~sar videntur.
Hlomo quidam, lapilde j~tjtS~k oblitus est 1ite'ras; 11alius,
ex prwealto tecto lapsus, matris et affinium nom'ina dice're
non p otuit.
L. Siccius Dent~tus, centies -vicies prceliatus, quadraýginta, quinque cicatrices adverso corpo-ref hab~bat, nublam in tergo.
a ~, 98, Obs. 10.  g ~ 116, R. I.     n ~ 112. RAT. & 19, 1
b ~ 13071, & 41    hi 13, 2.          0o~ 121, R. XXVI
c ~15, 13.          ~ 129, R.          p 19, 4.
d  101,p 7, and 8.  i ~ 149, iR.       q ~ 112, R. IV.
e~131, R. XLI and k   101, 4.         r~ 103, Obs.2.
6, 6)              14 1, R. LVII.    ~ 108, R. XIV-.
f  13 6, O bs. 5, (in) ni19,) 1.





. 78


78         INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES.


Le~nes satidti innoxii sunt.
Elephantes nemrnina nocent, nisi lacessit'L
Elephantes amilem b 1ransitt7-ri c min-imos prawmittunt.
Pavo lauddtus C gemm(Ita~m pandit caudam.
Gallus, ab adversario victus,o occlultatur d silens, et ser.vitium pat-itur.
Leo vulnerettus P- percuss~rem intelligit, et in quanta"Ol6res iter facientes C colla imp~nunt praccedentibus;
fessos duces ad terga recipiunt.
Testudines in mari degentes conchyliis f vivunt; in terram egresseg, herbis!f
Sarmtaka longinqua itine'rafactftri,o inedia^ pridie pra~parant equos, potumn exignum impertientes; atque ita Iongissimam viam continuo carsu, conficiunt.
Elephanti, equitdtu circumventi, infirmos aut fessos
vulneratosque in medium agmen recipiunt.
Multos morientes cura. sepultfiraw angit.
Dan'aus, ex, Zgypto in Graecia'm advectus, rex h Argiv~rum factus est.
Alexander, Buceph'alo equo 1 defuncto, duxit exequias,
urbemque Buceph'alon appelldtam ejus tumiilo i circumde'd it.
P. Cati~nus Plotinus patr~num ade 0 dilexit, ut, her'es
omnibus ejus bonis k instiUfius,C in rogum  e~jus se conjiceret' et concreniaretur.nl
a ~ 112,1.V.       ~11 Obs. 2.      i ~ 123, R. & Obs. 3,
lb ~136),R. L11.  g 105,21.             & 119, 2.
c~ 146, Ohs. 6.  h ~ 103, R. &Exp.  k ~ 11 Obs. 1.
d 116, 7.            9,21. &~ 146, R. I ~140,1,p1st.
e ~ 123, R. &19.      LX.           m ~ 149),R.





INTRODUTCTORY EXERCISES.         7


79


Erinacei volutat7*i9 super poma., humib jacentia, illa
spinis aej/ixa in cavas arbo'res portant.
Indicum mare testudines tantze magnitud~inis d alit, ut
singiilaw tugurio, tegendo e sufficiant.!
Leines, senes facti, appe'tunt homines., quoniam ad
persequ 'endas feras vires non suppetunt.
Struthiocamý1iS h ungiik.-e stint cervinisi sim-iles, cor.pirehendendisi lapidilbus ut-iles, quos k in fuga' contra sequentes' jaculantur.
32. Afblative A/bsolute.  (~146, R. LX.)
Senescente Luna^ m ostrea tabesce're dicuntur, crescente
eadem, gliscunt. Cepe contra', Lun& deficiente, revirescere, adolescente, inaresce're dic-itur.
Ger-yone11 interemto Hercu'les in Italiam veni~t.
~Sabinis"- debellcttis, Tar-quinius triuinphans R~omalL
rediit.
Jaso-nem Lycio interfecto, canis, quem hab~bat, cibuin
capere noluit, inedia~que confectus est.
Regis Lysimachi canis, domino m accensaw pyrae e imposilo, in ilamma s se conj~cit..Nicomede m rege inteifecto, equus ejus vitam finlivit
mnedia^..
Chilo, unus e septem sapientibus,ofilib vi ct 're P Olym.
piaW,q proa gaudio exspir5.vit.
a 116, 4.          g  112,)7.               Obs. 9.
b ~ 130, Obs. 7.   h ~ 112, R. II.     'A~ 146, Obs. 9, and
c~ 126, R. III.    i19, ~ 106, Obs. 4.   104, 1.
d ~ 106, R. VII.   i 112, 6.           0 ~ 107, Obs. 8.
~ 147, Ohs. 3),&R. k ~ 116, R. I.     P ~ 146, Obs. 10. and
LXII. & ~ 112, 1  19, 1.             110,)4.
R. IV. & 112, 6 m ~ 146, R. LX, and q ~ 130, 1 & 4; 1
f~ 140, 1 1st.





FABLES FROM ]ESOP


1..fccipiter et Columbte.
UOLUMBN, milyn metu accipitrem a rogaveruLnt, tit eas
defende'ret-e 111eb annuit. At ind( columbiire receptus,
1111 dige' naj~rem stragem ed'idit, qua'm milvius longo
temporee potuisset ede're.
Fabilla docet, mal~rum g pat rociniurn vitandum 11 esse.
2. Mus et Milvius.
Milvius laqueis irretitus musciilum a exoriivit, ut eum,
corrbsis plagisi 1iberfiret.e QUO k facto, inilvius 1iberiitus
murein arripuit et devorivit.
iltec fabiila ostendit, quam gratiam mali g;,pro benefiejis redde're soleant.'
3. MLedus et Lupus.
lledus, stans in'm tecto domfis, lupo" praetereunti'o
* The remote object of rogaverunt here is accipitrem; the immediate, ut eas defende'ret. (R. XXX. ~ 124.) So generally in these
fables, after inquit, dixit, respondit, and the like, the immediate ob.
iect of the -verb is a clause expressing the thing said or replied,
aad, if in direct discourse (~ 141 R. VI. Explan.), is printed in italics.
a  6323.               88, 5.            k  38)5.
b 27, 6.            g  20,1.             1  74.9.
78, 5. ~140, 1, 3d. h  108,Y 4.       m  123, 2.
o  6 6.             i109, 2,1J04,1.      0  101),1.





FABLES FROM iESOP.              8


81


mialedixit. Cui a lupus, AVlon t.I )b inquit, sed t~eclur mihi
nialedicit.
Sawpe locus et tempus homines timidos audfices redditA"
4. Grus et Pavo.
Pavo, corarn grue pennas suas e expllicans,. Qua~nta f est,
inquit~u formositas mea et tua deformitas! At grus ev'olans, Et quanta est, inquit, levitas mea. et tua tarditas!
Monet,, hawc fabjila, ne g oh aliq~uo~d b~onum, quod nohis natfira tribuit, k alios contemnimus,I1 quibus a natfira
alia iet fortasse maj6raý ded it.k
5. Pav o.
Pavo graviter conquereb5.tur'I apud Jun onem, domi-1
en
nam. suam,e quod vocis suavitas sihimI neg~ta esset,~ dum
luscinia, avis tam paru'm dec6ra,0 cantu. excellat.n Cui a
Juno, Et merito', inquit; non enim om~nia bona V in unurn
conferri oportuit.
6. dnse-res et Grues.
In  e6dem   quondam   prato pascehantur Ianse~res.et
grues. Adveniente domino"P prati, grues facile' avol5,hant; sed anse'res, imped-iti corpo'ris gravitiite, qdepie.,
henSi r et mactiti sunt.
Sic sape pauperes,s cum potentiorihus in e~dem terimine deprehensi, soli-l dant pcenam, darn illi salvi eviidunt.
a63, 1. &.~ 123,2 h 77),3,& ~140,1, 3d. P 9, andl109, 1
Obs. 2.       i19,4.             q ~129..
b ~ 102,2 Ohs. 3.  k72) 1.           r 1 15,'1.
c~ 112, R.111. & 7p3 1 ~ 44, 11. 1.  a20.
d ~102),Obs. 1.  im 64, 2.           t 16)4.
e30, 1.          n ~ 141, Ohs. 7.   u ~ 116, Ohs. 6.
f48.             0 16,5.            v ~ 113, Exe. III
g  121.3





04


82           FABLES FROX,ESOP.


7. CJapra et Lupus.
Lapus capram in~ alth rupe stantem conspicitus, Cur
non, inquit, relinquis bnuda illa et sterilia loca, el huc
descendis inc herbidos campos, qui tibi icetum pabulum
off~runt? Cui d respondit capra: Mihi e non est in anz-nc,
dulcia f tutis f prcepon~re.
8. Venter et Membra..
Membra quondam dic~bant ventri: d Nbne te semp~er h1
ministerio nostro al~mus, dum ipse summo otio i frueris?
JVonfacidimus.* Dum iglitur ventri k cibum subdiicunt,
corpus debilititur, et membra' ser6 in-vidke suw pwenituitetm
9. Canis et Boves.
Canis j ac~bat n in a praes~pi bovesque latrando, 0 a pabioarba.Cidunus P bourn, Quanta ista qinquit, invidia est, qub'd non pat~ris, ut eo cibo i vesceimur,r quem
tu ipse' icapeire nec veliss8 nec possis! -
llae fabjila invidiae indo'lem dec1irat.
10. Vulpes et Leo.
Vulpes, quwe nunquam le~nem vide'rat, quum eit forte'
occurrisset,U ita, est' perterrita, ut poene morerftur W forSupply hoc. 19, 4.
123, 2.           32,)2.           q ~31 Obs. 2.
b 56),2d.,31~     J ~ 121, R. XXVI.  r 84,)4.
C123),1             5 1.           it ~141) Obs. 8.
d 63,1.            '~113, Exc. IL     t 7, 2, & ~ 112,1
0118, 7, and 51.  M  66, 9,              R. IV.
f19, 4. &123. R. im~ 44, f.I.1         74,8.
g '58,7.           o 1119,5.         v 124,15.
hi 120.            P 24,2.           w~140,1,1tst. &74,4





FABLES FROM -Esor.               8




rnj(inea Ende  cosp~tab it'rum, timuit quidem, sedl
nequiquam,e ut anteac    Tertio" illi d obvia'm facta, ausa
est etiam propii"us accede're, eumque e allo'qui.
1. Cancri.
Cancer dic~bat f filuo 9: Mi h fihi ne i sic obliquis sempergresslbs   incede, sed rectavi a perge.     Cui ille, Mi
poater, respondit, libenter tuis prcecep tiS k obse-quar, si te
priits idemfacientem vide-ro.1
IDocet hmec fabiila, adolescentiam. ' nulla^ re a magis
quam exemplisn instrui-o
12. Boves.
In e~idem, prato pascebantur f tres boves in maxima^
concor 'dia^, et sic Ab Omni P fer5.rum incursif5ne tuti erant.
Sed dissidio q inter illos orto, singiuili a feris petiti r1 et
]Fabiila\docet, quantum boni S sit tin concordiai.
13../sinus.
Asinus, pelle u 1e~nis indiitus, territibat homines et
Iestias, tanquam leo esset.v Sed forte", dum se celeriiisw


a ~ 129.
b105, )1.
CSup. 'timuit.
d ~ 135, R. XLVII.
*~ 136, R. LII.
f~ 44, 11. & ~ 123,
Obs. 2.
g   11.
h ~ 20, Note 1.


S~ 10, Exc. 5.
i~ 142, 2.
k 7),2.
I~ 44, VI.
m~ 145, R. LVIII.
n~120, Obs. 1.
0 95)4.
P ~ 151, R. II. 2.d.


q 9,)1, &1091 5
r115,)1.
a ~ 106, R. VIII
t~ 140, 5.
*  64,7.
* ~ 140, 2.
w   22, 3, and ~ 120
Obs.65.







84           FABLES FROM ]ESOP.


ilnovet,7 aures emin~bant; uncle agn-itus in a pistrinum abductus est, ubi pcenas petulantioe dedit.
Hoec fabiiila stol-idos b notat, qui irumeritis honor-ibus
superbiunt.
14. Mulier et Gallina.
Mulier,quapdam hab~bat, gall-inam, quae ei quotidie
ovum pari~bat aureum. Hiie suspicari d ccupit, illanie
anni sassam intus eel'-re, f et gallinam occidit. Sed nihil
in ea reperit, nisi quod g in a~iis gallinis reperiri solet.
Jtaique dum majorilbus diyitijS h inhi~bat, etiam min~resi
perdidit.
15. Viatbres et.Asinus.
D uo b qui una' iter faci~bant, as'inum  oberrantem  in
solitud'ine conspiciti,j accurrunt heti, et uterque eum sibi
vindickxe ccepit, quo'd eum  prior k conspexisset.'  Dum
ver6 contendunt et rixantur, nem a n verber'ibus absti1 -nent., as'inus aufiigit, et neuter eo0 potitur.
16. Corvus et Lapli.
Corvus partem proadae pet~bat a lupis, quw'd eos totumn
diem P~ comitfitus esset.1 Cui illi, ~Non In nos, inquiunt,
sed preedam secl~tus es, idque q eo anlmo,c ut ne nostris
quidenv corporibus r parceiress si exanimarentur.t
a 123, 1.          h ~1121R. IV.      0 7, 3y& ~ 121, R.
b 19.1 1.          iSup. divitias.        XXVI.
c ~129, R          J105,1.           P ~131, R. XLI.
-d ~ 144 R. LVII.  k ~ 98, Ohs. 10.   q Sup. fecisti.
e~145, IR. iLVII.  '~141,- Ohs. 7.  r ~ 112 R. V. & 7 10
9 37 2.             ~ 136, Obs. 7    t ~140, 2.





FABLES FROM\ AESOP.


S5


Mer'Ito in action'ibus non spectitur, quid fiat,a, sed quo
anirno fiat.'
17. Pastores et Lupus.
b b
Past~r-es caesa^ ove conviviurn celebr~bant. Quod Cquurn
lupus cerne'ret,d Ego, inquit, si agnum, rapuissem,e un
tuts tumultusjieret! f.3t isti g impfine ovem come-dunt!
Turn unus ill6rum,".N4os enim?7,z inquit, nostr&', non ali6 -naove epuidmur.
18. Carb 'onarius et Fullo.
Carbonarius, qui spati5sain hab~bat dornum, inviti-vit
fullbnem, ut ad se coinmigr5,ret.j Mle respondit: Qua~nam
inter nos esse possit I- soci~tas? quum tu vestes, quas ego
nitidas reddidissem,' fuligine et mac~u-s inquinatfirus
esses.m
llac fabiila docet dissirniliall non deb~re0 conjungi.P
19. Tubi-cen.
Tub-icen ab host'ibus captus, JVe q me, inquit, nt erfi cite;
nam. inermis sum, neque r quid quam habeo pra-ter hanc
tubam. At hostes, Propter hoc ipsum, inquiunt, te interrm.us qud     qum   9ps   pugnandit sis u imperitus,
alios ad pugnam incitare soles.
Fabiila docet, non soliirn malefi-cos v~ esse puniendos,w
se~d x etiarn eos, qui alios ad ma~e faciendurn Y irr-itent.1


a~140, 5)& 74. 9.    ~ 140, 1)3 d.
1b 1&109;2.   k77; 4.
C38, 4. &~99),Obs.8.1 ~ 141, Ohs. 8.
d 7413.            i~ 792 8.
074 7, & 140, 2. n   19,ý4, & ~145, R.
f  140, 5.            -LVIII.
g ~28, Obs. 3, 3d.  o  95, 1.
h 21, 2.            P~144, Obs. 2.
1~121, Obs. 2.     q~142, 2.
78,5 &           r ~ 93,1.


332)2.
t~ 147, Ohs. 2,&
~ 109, R. IX.
u~ 140, Ohs. 3.
v19 1.
w   108, 4, &
~146, Ohs. 5.
x 149 R. LXV.
y  147, Ohs. 4.
x Sup. Verurn edt.





86


SG           FABL~ES FROM IESOP.


20. dfcc'pitres et Columbce.
Accipitres quondam acerr-ime' inter se belligeribant.
lbs columbal in a gratiam  reducere con5atwb effec~runt,
ut illi pacem  inter se C fac'ret.d Qa efirmita^, accipitres vim suam f in ipsas columbas convert~runt.
Ifaec fabiila docet, potent!iorum discordias imbecilliori-l
bus 9 srePe prodesse..2 1. JVulier et Gallina.
Mulier vidua gallinam hab~bat, qua, ei quotidie unum
ovum pari~bat. lila existimilbat, si gallinam diligentiiis
sagin5~ret," fore,' ut illa bina aut terna ova quotidie pareret. Quum autem cibo superfluo gallina pinguis esset
factaji plane" ova pare're desiit.
Mlec fabiila docet, avaritiam sawpe damn~sam esse.
22. TYulpes et Uva.
Yulpes uvam    in vite conspzit~a b ad illam  subsiliit
omnium virium suiirum f contenti~ne, k si cam fort6 attingere posset.h. Tandem    defatig~ta iniini 1ab~re k disc&
dens dixit: A11 nunc etiam acerba3 sunt, nec' eas in via
rep ertas I tollgrem.0
Havec fabijia docet, multoso eal contemne're, quwe~
assequi posse desp~rent.P
a 123, 1.    ~     ~112,9R.I1.      '~93,1.
b 105 2,          h~ 140,2.         M  101,4.
c3 1, Note.      i ~ 145, Obs. 6.  n78,)8.
d~ 140, Obs. 1,3d.  i 74,8.         o 19),1,& 4.
e38)3.           k ~129, R.        P ~141, Obs. 8.
31,3.





FABLES FROM AESOP.


23. Vuljnes et Le,2na.
Vulpes 1eawna a cxprobrd.bat, qu'd nonnsi unurn cati6 -lum pare'ret. iluic diciltur respondisse, Unum, sed le&
nem.
llac fabijia.,non coniam sed bonititem rerum aestimandanie- esse, docet.
24. Mures.
Mures aliquando habu~runt consilium, q         'mdo sibi a
fele cav~rent d Multis aliis e propos'itis, orunnibusfp1acuit,g
ut eil tintinnabjilum annecter~tur;' sic enim ipsos i sonitu admon-itos earn fuge're posse kc   Sed quum jam inter
mures quawrer~tur,1 qui felil"' tintinabjilum annecteret,"
nemo repertus est.
Pabiila docet, in sua-dendo plurimos esse audflces," sed
in ipso periciilo tirnidos.P
25.. Canis NAordax.
(Jani h, mordici paterfamilias jussit tintinnabjilum ex
uere appendi,)q ut omnes eum   cavrere Possent.1  Ille verb'
alris tinnitu gaud~bat, et, quasi virtiitis suwe prremiumr
esset,s alios canes prwe se contemnere compit.    Cui unus
senior,t 0 te"u stoli-durn, inquit, qui ignorare vid~ris~w isto
tinnitu pravit~tem morum tu~rum indicari!v
a63,2, & ~123, R.  Ji 32,8.           q 90, 1.
b ~ 140, Ohs. 2.   k ~ 145, Obs 7. Sup. r ~103, R. V.
C108, 4.               existimaverunt.  ~140, 2. Sup. te
d ~ 140, 5.        1  65,1 & 74, 3.      cc. tintinnabidlurn.
9,1,,9 4.    m ~ 123, IR.        t Sup. cetgris 6. 3
f ~ 113, R. XVIII  n76, 2, &           u ~ 117.
g 65.                  ~ 34,Obs. 1.    v 95, 4.
h ~ 126, RI III.   o ~ 103, Ohs. 2.    w70,)3.
i~ 140, 1, 4th.   r) ~ 149. R.





88


s8            FABLES FROM X, SOP.


I-aec fabtilla scripta est in"a eos, qui sibi b insign-ibus
fiagiti6rum suo-rurn placent.
26. Canis et Lupus.
Lupus canem videns bene saginitum, Quanta est, in..
quit,felicilas tua! Tu, utvid~ris~c laute' vivis, at ego fame
emicor. Turn Canis, Licet, inquit, mecum d in urbem venias,' et ed'dem felicitatetf frudris. Lupus conditi~nem accdpit. IDum unab eunt, anirnadvertit lupus in collo canis
attritosg pilos. Quid hoc est? inquit.* J-/um 'j jugurn
sustines? cervix enim tua Iota est glabra. JVihil est,
c-anis respondit. Sed interdiu me alligant, ut noctu sim
vigilantior; atque heec sunt vestigia colidris, quod cervici i circumddtri so'let. Turn lupus, Vale, inquit, amice! k
nihil'1 mororfeliciltdtem servitfite emptam!
Hamc fabiila docet, 1ibe'ris t nullurn comm'odum tantim
esse, quod ' servlitfitis calamit~tern compensare possit.o
27. Lupus et Grus.
In fauclibus lupi os inhaese'rat. Mercdde ig'itur condiicit gruem, quip illud extriihatP   HOC q grus longitudine colli faciI1' eff~cit. Quum autein rnerc~ern postu11iret, subridens lupus et dentibus infrendens, JV'um h tibi,
inquit, parva merces r viddiur,u qubod caput incok~ne ex
lupifaucibus extraxisti? 8
*Supply lu.pus.
a 123, 1.             58,1.              2, 2d.
b ~112, R. V.      i~126, R. III.     P ~ 141, IR. II. Ohs 2,
c70,6.            k ~117.                4th,
d 28,)Obs. 4.       ~122, Ohs. 6.      q  19 24.
~ 140, Ohs. 5.    m ~133, Exc. & ~ 122, r ~103, R. V.
f~ 121, R. XXVI.    IR. XXVIII. Exp. a 138.
g97, 4,& ~47, 6. "40, 1.             t~110) R. XV.
bi 56, 3d.         o ~ 141. R. II. Ohs. u51, & 70.





FABLES FROM AM5OP.                S


89


Agrico'la anguem repe'rit frig6re payne extincturn. MIS
ericordia^ motus eum fovit sin~ U)a et subter alasbrecondidit
Mrox anguis recre5;tus vires rec~pit, et, agricoilaw C pro bene
ficio let~le vulnus inflixit.
Haec fabiila docet, qualern d merc~dem mali pro bene
fijils redde're soleant.d
29. sAsinus et Equus.
Asinus equnin be~tum praedic5.bat, qui' tam copi~se"
pascer~tur,e quuin sibi post molestissiruos lab5res ne
palea, quidem satis pramberenturYf Forte" autein bello g
exorto equus i11h prcelium ag'itur, et circumventus ab
hostibus, post -incredibilles lab~res tandem, multis vulner'ibus confossus, collabitur. THee omnia as-inus conspic5itus,*
0 m-e1 stolidum, inq'uit, qui ebeatitudinem  ex prwesentis
tempo-ris fortftnd^ a~stimav~rim l
30../gric6la et Fujii.
Agrico'la senex, quum   mortem  sibi k appropinquare
sentiret, filios convocivit, quos, ut fle'ri solet, m interdum discord5.re  no   rat, et fascem, virgul5a'urn afferri'
jubet.  Quibus 0.alldtis, fiis hort54ur, ut hunc fascem
firange'rent.Y  Quod q quum  face're non possent, distribuit singililas virgas, iisque celerifter fractis, docuit
a ~136, Obs. 5.      ~ 140, Obs. 3.  '96, 1.
b~13 6)R. LI.     g 9, 1, &.109, 5.  m.68,3.
~123, 1R.XXIX.  h 123, 1.          n90, 2.
d ~140,5             105)1.          038, 3.
c ~ 141, R. Ill.  j ~ 117, R. XXI.   P ~ 140, 1, 3d.
f74, 3, &        h-~ 112) R. IV.    q 38,4.





FABLES FROM IESoi.


illos, qua'm firma res b esseteC concordia, qua'mque imbecillis discordia.
31. Equus et dszinus.
Asinus onustus sarcinis equum a rog~vit, '. al qu "
parte d one'ris see Ieviiret, si see vivum  vid~re vellet.1
Sed ille as-ini preces repudi~vit.  Paul 0 p ost ig-itur asilnus lab~re consumptus in via^ corruit, et efflavit animam.
Turn agititor omnes sarcinas, quas asinus portave-rat,
atque insiiper etiam, pellem as-ino g detractam in hi equum
imposuit. Ibi ille ser6" pri~rem. superbiam. depl~rans, 0
me rnis~rum, inquit, qui parviulum onu in h me recipe-re
nolu-r~im,i quum, nunc cogarJ tantas sarcinas ferre, una'
cunt pelle comitis mei, cujus preces tam superbe' contemps~ram.
32. Mulier et Jdncitllx~.
Mulier vidua, quoe texendo k vitam. sustentabat, so1~bat.
ancillas suas' de nocte excit5,re ad opus, quum primiuim
galli cantum audivisset. At i111w diuturno 1ab~re fatigltoe statu~runt gallum. interfice're.m Quo " facto, deteri~re
conditibne 0 quam, pr!U's* esse cmpeprunt. Nam domlina,
de hora^ noctis incertaPI nune famiilas srpe jam primab
nocte q excitibat.
*Supplyfugrant.
a63, 4,3.        g ~126, R.YV.     m ~1441, R. LYII.
b 57) 6, and Note.  h  123, 1.       n 38,ý 5, & 109,
c ~ 140, 5.       i~ 1412 R. III.    o ~136),Obs. 5.
d ~125.           i 74,1.            P 16.
a~ 28, Obs. 3,1Ist.  k ~ 147, Obs. 5.  q ~ 13 1, R. XL.
'~140, 2.         1 30, 1





FABLES PROMt &SOP*                9


91


33. Testttdo et AIquila.
Testlido aquilarn ragnopere or~bat, ut sese a volitrc
doc~ret. Aquila ei ostend~bat quidern, earn b rern pete're
natfira d SUaB contrariarn; sed -111a nih-ilo e minu's inst~bat,
et obsecr~bat aquillam, ut se a -volucrern face~re f vellet.
Jta~que ungillis arreptarn* aquila sustiilit in sublirne, et demisit illarn, ut per ai~rern ferr~tur. Turn in saxa iicidens
comminfita interiit.
Mee fabiila docet, maultos g cupiditat-ibus suis occcecEtos consilia prudenti~rurn respue're '; et in exitiurn rue're g;
34. Luscinia et./kcipfter.
Accip'iter esuriens rapuit lusciniarn. Quaw,l quum inte11ige'ret sibi i mortern 9 impend 6re, ad preces conversa
orat accipitrern, ne   se perdat sine causa.    Se g enim
avidissimum ventrem illius non posse exph~re, et suad~re
adeo', ut grctndibres aliquas volucres ven~ur.' Cui accip-iter, Insaniremn,m inquit, si partam pracdctm amitte-re,
et incertca 0 pro certis 0 sectczri vellem.P
35. Senex et Mors.
Senex in silvit ligna cecide'rat, iisque qSubliitis dornurn
Supply illam.
a~ 28, Ohs. 3,1 st.  g 911-2.            78, 8.
b 27, 2,6, and 91, h 31, 3.               87, 5.
~ 145, Obs. 1, &2. 1 39,5.            0  19, 4.
o96, 1.          Ji~112, R. IV.       P ~140, 2.
d ~111, RL.        k  121,2.           q 9, 1,& 109.
* ~ 132, R. XML.    ~ 141, Ohs. 8.    r ~ 130, IR. XXXIX
f87, 5.





FABLES FROM~ 2ESOP.


re(I-re eowpit. Quumn aliquantunial vke b progressus esset,c
etd one-re et via' defatigatus fascem deposuit, et secumn
awtitis et inopiaw mala contemnpl5,tuse Mortem clara^ voce
invoc~vit, quwe f ipsurn 9 ab omnilbus his maliS hi liber5,ret.f
Turn Mors senis precibus auditis isub-it6' adst-itit,* et,
quid vellet,i percunct~tur.'k At Senex, quem' jam vot6&
rumm suorum pcenit~bat' Xihil,t inquit, sed requiro,
qui n~ vnus paulftlium allivet f dum ego rursus subeo.t
36. Inlimici.
In e adem navi vehebantur duo,' qui inter se P capitalia
odia exerc~bant. Unus e5rum q in prora', alter in puppi
resid~bat. Orta" tempestite ingenti, quum omues de
vita^ desperirent, interro~gat jS,r qui in puppi sed~bat,
gubernat6rein, Utram pctrtem navis prii's submersum ini
existimeiret.i Cui gub ernitor, Proram,II res~pondit. Turn
ille, Jam mors mihi non molesta est, quum inimici mei
mortem adspectu-rus slim.'
37. Ilinnuleus et Cervus.
ilinnuleus quondlam patrem suum his verbis interro-.
gasse dicitur: Mi u pater, quum multo v 8jsw major canibus,'
Supply seni, ~ 112, R. IV. t Supply volo.  Supply id, viz: onus
tjSupply priiis submersum iri.
a,~ 132.           i 74, 16.          q 21, 2.
b ~ 106, R, VIII.  k ~ 137, Obs. 1.   r 34, and 35.
c74,18.           166, 9.            S100, 7*
d 124,1.           n~ 113, Exc. II.   t ~45,1,1& ~79,S8
o106, 1.            3 7, 1)&u U~20, Note 1.
f40,)4.             ~ 99, Obs. 1, 4th. v ~ 132, R. XLIII.
g 32,8.            a 19, 1.           w  74,ý1.
h ~ 125. Obs. 2.   P  123, 3, &       x 6, 3.
1104, 1.            ~ 28. Ohs. 5.





FABLES FRtOM' ESOP~.




etf tarn ardzta cornua habeas,"a quibus a te vim propulsatre
joSSjS'b. qu fit,' ut canes tantop~re metuas? Ibi cervuts
ridens,. i nate, inquit, veradA memo-ras; mihie tamen,
nescio quo pacto, semper accidit,e ut auditai canum voce,
in fugarn statim convertar.
Mee~ fabiila docet, natfirh " formidol~sos nullis rationi-l
bus r' fortes reddi posse.
38. Hwedus et Lupus.
Quum hce~dus evasisset lupum, et confugisset in caulam
Ovium, Quid tu, stulte, inquit ille,Mhlc te salvumfuta-rum g
speras, ubi quotidie peciides rap ih et diis mactczrih vid--
eas'    Non curo, inquit kcedus; narn si moriendumi
sit, quanto kpr~eclarius' mihim erit, meo cruo-re aspergi
aras de~rum immortalium, qu'm irrigczri siccas lup
fa uces.
Thec fabiila docet, bonosn mortem, quaw omnilbusO
imm'inet, non time-re,0 si cum honestfite et laude conjuncta sit.P
39. Corvus et JFulpes.
Corvus alicunde caseum rapuerat, et cumn illo in altam
arbo'rem suvlart      Vulpecilila ilium caseum appetens
(corvum blandis verbis~ ador-itur; quumque 'primiim fora ~149.     ~      ~47, Note 1.      ~98),Obs. 6.
b ~141, Ohs. 8.   h 957 4.          m~111.
C51, 4.         1'~126, R. III.    n91,2.
d 19;4.          i ~147),R. LXI. and o 95,1.
e~ 112, R. IV.        Ohs. 1.       P ~ 140, 2.
f~ 129.           k~ 132, R. XLIII.  q ~ 79 1.





94


94           FABLES F~ROM jES0P.


aA
mamn ejus" pennarumque nit~rem laudasset, Pol, inquit,
te avium  regem  esse dicdrem b si cantus pulchritudini
tua3 respondeiret. Turn ile laudibus vulpis inflitus etiam)
cantu sea' val~red demonstr5.re vomuit. Ita veri" e rostro
aperto caseus delapsus est, quern vulpes arrepturn devoriivit.
Meec fabiila docet, vitandase esse adulat~rum voces,
qui blanditiis suis nobis f i~nsidiantur.
40. Leo.
Societ5item junxe'rant leo, juvenca, capra, ovis. Praid~ g autem, quarn ceperant, in quatuor partes rnqu~les
divisa^, leo, Prima, 1' ait, meah~ est; deb~tur enim hICec h
prcestantio~i mece. Tollam et secundam, quam merdtur
robur meum. Tertiami vindicat sibi egregius labor meus.
Quartam, qui sibi arrogare voluerit, is k sciat,' se habit?2 -rm m me inimicum     sibi.~ Quid face'rento0 imbecilles'
bestiae, aut qure* sibi nle5nem infestum hab~re vellet?'
41. Mus et Rusticus.
Mus a rust~ico in carickrurn acervo deprehensus tarn P
acri morsu ejus a dig-itos vulneravit, ut P ille eum dimitteret q dicens: JVihil, meherciile, tam pusillum' est, quod'r
de salute desperare debeat, modo' se defend~re et vimi depulseire velit.9
Supply bestia;, 19.
3 31, &.Obs.     h19.                ~ 111.
b 78, 8.          i64 2Y,& ~126.     o ~42),IT)PAO
c ~112, Obs, 5, 5th. i 62ý & ~ 123.  P 124, 15,
d 96, 2.          k ~28, Ohs. 3, 3)3d.  q ~140, 11 1st.
0108, 4.        1'~45 1. 1.        r40,3.
f ~ 112, R.Y. also 7, 7 n ~ 47, Note 1.  a ~140,4.
Vg 9. 1. &109.





FABLES FROM~ ESOP.              9


95


42. Vullur et Afvici'lce.
Vultur aliquando avicu'1as invitfiVit a ad convivium,
quod illis datfirus esset b die C natili suo.  QUW d quutm
ad tempus adessent, eas carpe're et occide're, epulasque
sibi de invititis instrue're copit.
43. Rance.
Ranai lietabantur, qunin nuntifitum esset e Solem uxi5 -rem duxisse.f Sed una cete'ris g prudentior, 0 vos stobldos, inquit; nonne meministis,h quantope-re nos scepe unius
Solis cestus excruciet?  Quid igiturfiet, quum libe-ros
etiam procreave-ri t?
44. Rance et Jupiter.
Ranie aliquando regem, sibi a Jove k petivisse dicuntur.
Quarurn ille precibus exor5itus trabem, ingentem. in lacum dej~cit. Ranaw son-itu perterr'itam primi'm refuge're,'
deinde vero6 trabern in aqua^ natantem, conspiefitze magno
cum contemptum in ea^ consed~runt, aliuinque sibi novis
clamorlibus regem, expetiv~runt. Turn Jupliter efirurn
stultitiam, punitfi rus1hy drum illis misit, a quo0quum plurimie captze perlirent, serob easP~ stolid~frum, precumn poinituit.
45. Lupi et Past~res.
Quum Philippus, rex Mace~doniae, cum Atheniensibus
feedus initfirus esset A~ conditi~ne, qut orat~res. suos
a 73.             g 6, 3.           1 144, Obs. 6.
b~141,ýObs. 7.  h 84) 22 & 58) 1. m9Ib.2
c ~131, R. XL.    ~44,I1. 1,and    n 1025 1.
d 39,16.           ~140,ý 5.        o~ 126, Obs. 2.
51, 2.          ~44, VI.         p 66, 8,& ~ 113,1IT
98. 3.         k ~ 124, Obs. 2.  q ~129. R.





96


96           FABLES FROM ]ESOP.


ipsia' traderent, IDemiosthe'nes popu'Io narra-vit fabililam,
qua i callidum regis consihium ante ocdlo ponet.'
Dixit enim lupos quondam cum pastoribus pactos esse~d
se nunquam in poste'rum e greges esse unpugnatulros, f si
canes ipsis g dedereutur. Placuisse stultis pastoribUS h
conditi~nem; se d qunni lupi caulas excubiis ' nudatas
vidisseut, eosi impe~tu facto omnem gre gem dilania~sse.
46. Puer mendctx.
Puer oves pascens crebro6 per lusum magnis dlamon-1
bus opem rustie~rum implorave'rat, lupos gregem suum
aggressos esse k- fingens. Swepe autem frustiffttus eos, qui
auxihlum latfiri' advene'rant, tandem lupo, rev~ra^ irruente,
multis cum lacr'mis vicinos or~re coepit, ut 8jbijm et gregitm
-subvenirent. At illi earn pariter at antea lade-re I existimantes preces ejus et Iacry-mas neglexerunt, ita ut lupus
1ibere' in oves' grassar~tur,0 plurimasque e5-rum P dilaniiiret.
47. Corvus.
Corvus, qui caseum forte" repere'rat, gaudium altahvoce q
sigfnificiivit.  QUO r Sono q allecti plures corv i *famelici
advolav~runt,8 impetfique in ilium facto, op-imam eit dapem eripuerunt.
b 5Y3, and       h 7,2.            0o~ 140, 1,1st.
~ 110, Obs. 1, 2.  64,)8.         p ~ 10 7, R. X.
c~141, R. 1L..i~149.            q ~ 129.
Y 982, k94, 3.  k 94,1,2dA2&98, 98    38.
e~89, Obs. 1. & 19, 5 1 102, 1.      s Supply ad eum.





FABLES FROM YSOP.                  9


97


48. Corilix et C7olum~ba.
Cornix colunuke a gratulabitur foecundititern,b quod
singi'lis i-nerisibus pullos exclude'ret.c At illa, JVe mei,
in quit, doldris cctusam commemo-res.d.JVam quos pUlloSe
eda-co, eosf dominus rctptos aut ipse comddit, aut alijis
comnedendos g vendit. hta mihti mea fcecunditas novurn
semper luclum parit.
49. Leo, 3sisnus, et Vulpes.
Vulpes, asinus, et leo, ven~turn h erant.J Arnpla
proed A facth', leo aslinum illarn part-iri jubet.j QUi k quurn
singitlis singu'las' partes pone'ret oequiles, leo eum correptum dilaniivit, et vulpeciikze partiendim negotiurn
tribuit.  111a astutior Ie~ni partemn maximarn apposuit,
sibi xix rainirnarn reservans particiilam..Turn leo subri-t
dens ejus prudentiam laudfire, et unde hoc didice'rit" interrogfire, ccepit. lEt vulpes, llujus0 me, inquit, calami--
tas docuit, quid minbres P potentiorl-bus debeant.
50. Muscle.
Efi'isa inellis copia est: Muscat advo'lant: q1
Pascuntur. At mox inipeditis cruribus
Revolire nequeunt. Heu mistiram, inquiunt, vtcem!
7 27,2& ~ 112. RX.Vg 107, 2.         a ~ 140, 5.
b 128, Obs. 1, Exc. h 114, 1.        0 Viz: asini.
and Note.      i~102, R. I.        P 19, 1.
c ~141, Ohs. 7    J '44, 1. 3.        q Sup. ad id (sell.
d ~45,1. 1.        k 39, 1.               Mel.)
C37P 2d, Note, &6. 1 26,4.          r ~117.
fSupply pullos.  m ~ 147, Ohs. 2.
9





98


98              ABL.8S F-ROM' JES(W.


(7ibuts isle a blandus, qui pellexit suaviter,
A"zztnc j'audulemtus qua',ff crudeliter necat!
Perfida voluptas fabiuila^ hac depinglitur.
5 1. Can cer.
Mare cancer ohim deseruit, in lito"re
Pascendi cup'idus. Vulpes hune simul C adsp-icit
Jejiina, simul accurrit, d et proedam, capit.
ceV, dixit ille, jure pjdector, qui, SALO*
Quurn fue-rim natus, voludrim e SOLO ingrdi!
Suns uniculquetf przefinitus est locus,
Quem pret~erire sine periclo nion licet.
52. Culex et Taurus.
In cornu tauri parviilus quondam cuiex
Cons~dit; seque 9' dixit, mole si sua' g
Eum g grav~iret, avolatfirumn 1 illico.
At ille:'.J'ec te considente'm sen-se-ram.
There is, a play upon the words salo and solo, which cannot be
preserved in the t-ranslation;-a loss of but little importance.
a ~ 28, Obs. 3, 3d.  e ~141, R. Ill.    h  JO 100 2, and
b ~ 147, Obs. 2,    f~ 126.               ~47, Note 1.
0124, 11.          g 31.               i~101, Obs. 4.
d 8-up. ad eum.





MYTHOLOGY.


1. CADMUS, Ageno'ris filius,a qua'd drac5nein, M~artis
fihium, fontis cujusdam. in Boeotia' cust~dem,a occide'rat,
omnnem. suarn prolem. interemptam. vidit, et ipse cum
JHarmioniaj, b ux~re a su A, in Illyriam fu git,. ubi ambo c i
drac6nes conversi sunt.
2. Amycus, iNeptfini filius,a rex Bebrycire, omnes, qui
in ejus regnia venissent, d cog~bat cast-ibus secum. contencle"re, et victos occid~bat. Hic quum. Argonautas ad certarnmen provochsSet,e- Pollux cum  eo contendit, et eum
13. Otos et Ephialtes, Alo eh fili f mira' magnitud'ine g
fuisse dicuntur. -Nam. singiilis h mensibusi. novern digitisi
cresc~bant. Jta'que quum. essent ann~rum. novem,g in
codurn ascende're sunt confiti. Huc sibi ad'itum sic fiaci-,ýbant;,k ut montem. Ossam super Pelion pone'rent, aliosque proe-terea montes exstrue-rent.  Sed Apoll'inis sagittis interempti sunt.
4. Deed'a1us, Euph~mi filius, art'ifex peritiss-imus, ob
a12,71.          e 74, 8.           h26, 5.
b ~ 102, Obs. 2.   f~ 97, Obs. 2.     i~131, R. XLI.
0 ~ 98, Obs. 1, &2.  g 6, l, and      J ~ 132),R. XLII
d ~141, R.I1.        ~ 106) R. VII.       44 11 2.





100


MYTHOLOGY.


cawdem Athý,nis a1 commissam in Cretarn b abiit ad regem
Min6e-m.   Ibi labyr~inthum  exstruxit.  A Mjn6ý e-al
quando in custodiarn conjectus, sibi et, Jc5ro filuo alas
cerh d aptfivit, et cumn eo avoldvit. Dum Icarus altifis
evolibhat, cera" soilis cal6re calefacta', in mare dec-idit,
quod ex eo Icarium pela'gus f est appellfitum. Daeddalus
autem in Siciliam b perve-nit.
5. Alsculapius, Apollinis filmus, med-icus praestantissi-1
mus, H'ipo]-to, Thesei filuo, vitam reddidisse dicitur.
Ob id facinus Jupiter earn fulmine percussit. Turn
Apollo quo'd fi~ii mortem in Jove g ulcisci- non pote'rat,
Cycl5pes, qui fumiriia fece'rant, interlmit. Ob hoc fac..
Lurn, Apollinein Jupiter Adnu-to," regi Thessalioe, in servitu-tern (ledlit.
6. Alcestirn,i Pelire filiam, quum multi in matrimoniurn
peterent, Pelias promisit, se 111mam ei esse datilrurn,i qui
feras currui junxisse t.'k  Adin~tus, qui earn perdite" amfibat, Apollinern rog~vit, ut se in hoc negotio adjuvdret.
Is qaurn ab Adm~to, durn ei 1 servi~bat, liberaliter esset
tractiitus, aprurn ei et le6nem currui junxit,I1I quibu US ille
Alcestim avexit. Idem gravi morbo implic-itus, munus
ab Apoll-ine acc~pit, ut, prresens periciilum effuge'ret, si
quis sponte pro eo rnorere-tur.0 Jam quum neque pater,
neque mnater Adm~ti pro eo mori voluissent P uxor se
Alcestis morti obttilit, quam Hercules forte' adveniens
Orci manib US q eripuit, et Adme-to reddlidit.
7. Cassio'pe filiaa suae Androme'dre formnam Nereddum
a ý 62.          g 1231,2and        ~114. R. XIX, and
b 123, 1, and       ~ 136, Obs. 3, 4.     Obs. 3.
~ 130, Obs. 10.  hi ~ 123.          a~ 99, Obs. 6.
c~126),Obs. 2.   1'~15.2.            o ~ 42,H.2d, and
d 614.            J  100 2.            ~ 140, 2.
022, 3.          k 80, 2.            ~ 102, Obs. 1.
f ~103.            1 7. 2& ~112),R.YV  q 5),1f





MYTHOLOGY.


101


formaM a1 anteposuit. Ob hoc crimeii HIM a Neptftno b
postulav~runt, ut Andromn'da ceto 0- iinr-nini, quii oras
populabatur, objicer~tur. QUMad quuni ad saxurn allig5.ta esset, Perseus ex Libya', ubi Medfisam. occide'rat,
advo1fivit, et, bellua' devicta e et intercmpta^,e Androme'dam Iiberivit.
8. Quam. quum abduce're vellet victor, Ag~nor, cui
antea desponsita fue'rat, Perseo insidias struxit, ut eum.
interfice'ret, sponsarnque eripe'ret.f' Ille, re cogn-ita^,e caput Medfisre insidiantibus ostendit,, quo g viso, omnies in
saxa, mutiti sunt. Perseus autem. cum Androme'da" in
patriam rediit.
9. Ceyx, Hespe'ri filius, quum in naufragio periisset,
Alcyone, conjiigis morte aud-ita^,e se in mare prawcipit5.vit.
Turn de~rum. iisericordia' ambo in ayes sunt mutifti, quaM
Alcy6nes. appellantur. HMa ayes pariunt hiberno ternpore. h  Per illos dies mare tranquillum, esse dic-itur;
unde nautaw tranquillos et ser~nos dies Alcyon~os appel1fire solent.
10.* Tant'a1us, Jovis filius, tam  carus fuit diis, iUt Ju-,
piter ei consilia sua concrele'ret, eumque ad epiilas de6 -rum admnitteret!f At ille, qutei apud Jovern audive'rat,
cum mortalibus communkicbat. Ob id crirnen dicitur k
apud inf~ros in aquaA co11ociitus esse, semperque sitire.
Nam, quoties haustum.aqute surnptiirus' est, aqua rec&
dit. Turn etiam porna ei m super caput pendent; sed, quoties ea decerpe're conitur, rarni vento mo'ti rec~dunt. Alii
~123, R.         f 85.              i 37, 2.
b ~ 124, Obs. 2.   g 38, 5.          k ~ 145, Ohs. 4
c ~ 126, R. 111.   h~131, R. XL.     I'~79, 8.
d 39,2.                              m l  513) & ~1102 ObsI.
a104, 1







MYTHOLOGY.


saxumn ejus capiti " impe~nd~re dicunt, cujus ruinam tirnens
perpetuo metu crucia.tur.
11. In nuptiis b Pelei et Thet-idis omnnes dii invit~ti
erant prater iDiscordiam. Haec ira' comm~ta malum misit
in medium, cui v- inscripta erant verba: Puicherrima mie
Iiab~to. Turn Juno, Venus et Minerva illud simul ap.pet~bant; d magna-que inter eas discordia' exorta', Jupiter
Mercurio impe'rat, ut- deas ad Paridem, Pri'ami filiurn,
duce'ret,e qui in monte Ida^ greges pasc~bat;* hunc earuin
litem. diremnptflrum esse!f Iuic Juno, si se puicherrunmam
ju dica'sset,g omniumn terrfirum. regnum est pollic-ita; Minerva ei splendidam inter hom-ines famnam promisit;
Venus autemn He1e'nam, Ledue et Jo-vis filiam,' se ei m,.
conjugium dare" spopondit. Paris, hoc dono priorlibuse
anteposito' Vene'rem puicherrimam essei judicivit. Postea Vene'ris hortF~tu Lacedawmonem k profectus, Hele'narn
conjuYiIgi sno InMeneldo eripuit. 'Hinc helium Trojinurn
originem cepit, ad quod tota fere' Grlecia, ducen Agamemnnorme, MeneIli. fratre, profecta est.
12 Thetis, Pelei conjux, quum sciret Achillem. filiurn
suum cito peritiirum esse~f si Grrec6rum exerclitum ad
Trojam sequer~turg eum. misit in insillam Scyron,O regi-1
que Lycom~di commenddvit. Ille eum, muliebri habit,V
inter filias suas servibat. Grzeci autemn quum audivissent eum ibi occult~ri,~ qnuns e5rum. r Ulysses, rex Ith'acaW, in regio9 vestibjilo mune'ra fem-inea S in calathiscis
Supply dicens, agreeing with Jupiter, 94. 4.
a~ 112, R. IV.    hi 94) 3, & 100, 2.  n 110, 1.
b~ 136, Obs. 3.      104, 1.         0 ~ 10. Greek nouns.
c~126, R.III.     i90, 3.            P ~129.
d ~102, R.I1.     k~130, 2.          q 961 7.
e ~140,P1, 3d.    ' 5,1.             r 21,2.
~  412d. &1001 1. m  30, 4, &      ~106, Obs. 4.
g ~ 140, 2           ~ 28, Obs. 3, Exc.





MYr"TIOLOGY.


103


posiiit, simuique clypeum et hastam; mulieresqut,- advoCairl jussit.Qa     dum omnia contemplabantur, sub't6
tubficen cec-init; quo sono audito, Achilles arma. arripuit.
Unde eum. virura' esse d intellectumn est.
13. Quum totus Gniec6rum exerc-itus Aulide C corivenisset, adversa tempestas eos ob iram Diinai retin~bat.
Agamemnon enim, dux illius expediti~nis, cervam deaw f
sacrani g vulnerave'rat, superbiiutsque li in Di5~nam lociitus
erat. Is qunni harusplices convocasset, respond~runt,
iram dew expiiri' non posse,d nisi filiam suam Iphigeniarn ei iinmola'sset) llanc ob causam Ulysses Argos
profectus mentitur'1 Agamemno'nem filiam Achull1i in
Matrirnonium prornisisse.11n Sic earn Aul'idem k abduxit.
UTbi quurn pater Iearn immo15,re 1 vellet, Diiana virg-inem
miserO~ta' cervarn ei P supposuit. Iphigeniam ipsain per
nubes in.terrain Taur-icam  detiilit, ibique templi sui sacerd5tem fecit.
14. Troj a eversh, quumn Grawci doinum qredire vellent,
ex Achillis tumiilo vox dic-itur fuisse audita, quai Grawcos
mon~bat, ne fortiss-imum virum sine hon~re relinque'rent.11
Quare Gra~ci Polyxe'nam, Pri'ami filiam, quam virgo fuit
formosissilma, ad sepuicrum ejus immolave-runt.
15. Prometheus, Jape'ti filius, primus s hom'ines ex
luto fiaxit, iisque P ignem e coIlo in feriila attillit, monstravitque quomnodo cine're obriitum serv5~rent.t Gb hanc
rein Yulcinus eum in monte Cauc'aso Jovis jussu clavis
a 90, 4.          h 22,23.           o, 106, 1.
b 38, 6.             87, 1.          P ~ 123, IR. XXIX.
~ 103,. R. V.    J ~ 141, Obs. 8. & 80.  and Exp.
d1 96,2.          k ~130;2.          q ~ 130, 4.,
e6)2.           1'~44,93.           r ~140, 1, 3d.
f ~ill.           m  94, 1, 2d, &98; 2. r,~ 98, Obs. 10.
r. 16, 1.         n 88,2.            t ~1402 5.





104


MYTHOLOGY.


f~errvis alliga-vit adI sOxurrn, et aquilarn ei -apposuit, qua-ý
cor exededret. Quanitum b vero6 interdiu exededrat, tantujub
nocte cresc~bat. Hauc aquilarn insequenti temp6re ilcicilles transfixit sagittis, Prornetheurnque liber~vit.
16. Pluto, inferbrurn deus, a Jove fratre pet~bat, ut
sibi Proserpinarn, Jovis et Cere'ris filiam, in matrirnoniurn
daret.' Jupiter negiivit quidern Cere'rern passfirarn esse,1
ut filia in tenebris Tartiiri rnorar~tur; c sed fratri perm-isit,
ut earn, si posset, rape"ret.c Quare Proserpinain, in nemo~re Ennme in Sicilia^ Bores legentern, Pluto quadrigis ex
terraw hifitu proveniens rapuit.
17. Ceres quum nesc-iret ubi filia essetf earn per totum
orbern terriirurn quws-ivit. In quo itine're ad Celeurn yenit, regern Eleusini~rurn, cujus uxor Metanira puerurn
Triptole'rnum pepererat, rogavitque ut se tanquam nutricenin donurn recip'rent.e- Quo facto, quurn Ceres
alumnurn snuin g irnrortMern redde're vellet ),h eumi inter(liU lacte divino a1~bat, noctu clam igne obru~bat. It'ique mirum in modum cresc~bat. Quod quum mirarentur parentes, earni observav~runt. Qui k quurn vidrent
Cere'rem puerurn in ignern rnitt~re,' pater exclam~wit.
Turn dea Celeurn exaniinivit; Triptolerno autern currurn
dracon-ibusmn juncturn tribuit, frugesque mandivit, quas
per orbern terr5.rurn vectus disserininiret.~
18. Althrea, Thestii filia, ex tlEneo pepe'rit Melea-grurn
Ei Parcre ardentern titi6nern ded~runt, prawfantes 0 Melefigrurn tarn diu victfirurn d1 quhrn diu'P is titio foret q in_
a 40 71)&          g 30)4.            m 64,6.
~ 141, Obs. 2)4th.  hi 74ý 3.          40, 5,
c ~140, 1) 3d.     i 27,6.            a 94, 1, 2d.
d  100,22.         k 39, 1.           P 124,19.
~ 145, Obs. 5, 5th. 196, 1.          *~ 140, 6.
f ~ 141 Obs. 8.





BlYTHOLOGY.


1 (,5


colitimls. Rune a' iiaque Althoe-a ilfigenter in arch" ciail -
SLIM serviivit.  Inte'rir  Diana (ZEneo birita quia ei soauaa~nnua non fece'rat, aprum rnira magnitud-ine e misit, qui
agrurn Calydoniuni vast5.ret.d Quern e Mele5,ger cum
juvenibus ex ornni Grwaci delectis, interf~cit, pellernque
ejus Atalantam don5,vit. Cui f' quum Altha~ae* fratres earn
eripere vellent, illa Meleagri auxiliurn imploriivit, qui
avnc'los occ-idit.  Turn Althawa, gravi irA g in~ filiurn
cornrnta, titi~nern illurn fatfiler in ignern conjecit. Sic
Melefiger periit. At sor~res ejus, durn fratrern insolabilliter lugent, in ayes rnutitae sunt.
19. Eur6parn, Ageno'ris filiarn, Sidoniarn, Jupliter in
taururn rnutatus, Sid~ne hi Cretarn  transvexit, et exea
procreivit Min5ern, Sarpedo'nern, et, Rhadarnanthurn.
ilauc ut reduce'rent Age-nor suos, filios rnisit, conditi5ne
add-lta^, ut nec jps~i redirent, nisi sor6rern invenissent.k
ilorurn nuns, Cadrnus nornine,' quurn errfiret, IDelphos'i
venit, ibique responsurn acc~pit, bovern prrecedentem sequrtur; m ubi ille decubuse.k ibi   rencn~e.
Quod quum fac~ret,' in IBceotiarn venit. Ibi aquarn qiuo'rens ad fontern Castaliurn drac~nern inv~nit, Martis
filiurn, qui aquarn custodi~bat.0 Hunc Cadmus interf~cit,
(lentesque ejus sparsit et arfivit. Unde Sparti enfiti sunt.
Pugna inter illos exorta, quinque superfue-runt, ex quibus quinque nob-Iles Theban~rurn stirpes orig-inem duxerunt.
*Cond~ret is in the same construction with sequeretur.
aSup. tWitinem   f39 "from her-,"   k ~ 141, Obs. 8.
b ~111.                and 5, 1.     1 ~128, R. XXXIV.
6. 1, and        ~129, R. XXXV.   nm~ 140,Obs. 5.
~106, R. VII.     ~130, 3.         n 38, 4.
d 40,4.            ~130)2.           e~44,I11.2.
39.7            i323,3





1 106,


MYTHOLOGY.


-210  Quum iBacchus, Jovis ex Sem'ie filiuseritn
in In diam duce'ret, Sil~nus ab agminine aberr5,vit. QUem a
Midas, rex Mygdonim, hospitio b liberal-iter acc~pit eigue,
ducem dedit, qui C eum. ad IBacchum reduce'ret. Oh hoc
ojeneficium Bacchus Midwe opti6nem, dedit, ut quicquid
veilet d a se pete'ret." Jile petiit, ut quidquid f tetigisset d
aurum, fie'ret.e  Quod g quum imp etra'sset, h quidquid f tetige'rat aurum fi~bat. Primo6 gavisus est ha~c virtfite iSUa;
mox inteilexit nihil ipsii hoc mune're k pernicios ius esse.
iNamn etiam cibus et potio in aurum. nutab~tur.' QuUm
jam fame cruciarktur, petit a Baceho, ut donum suum
revockret.e Quem a Bacchus jussit in fum-ine Pact5io se
ablue're, quumque aquam. tetigisset, facta est coi~re
aureo.
2.Schomneus Atalantam filiam formosiss'imam dicitur
habuisse, quae cursu viros superiibat. HMec qaurn a
plur'ibus 0 in conjugium pet er~tur, pater ejus condi~ti~nem
proposuit, at, qui earn ducere vellet, d priu's cursa cum  a
contende'ret;e si victus esset, d occider~tur.e Muitos quam
superasset et, interfecisset, tandem ab llippo~mene victa
est. Hie enim a Yene're tria main aurea accepe'rat. Dam
curre-bant, horum unum post aite'rum  proje-cit, iisque b
Atalantae cursum tardivit. Nam dum main coiligit, Hip-.
pome~nes ad metam perv~nit. Huic it'aque Schceneus
filiam, ux~rem dedit. Quam, P qaum in patriamn duce'ret,
oblitus Yene'ris beneflCio b se viis  g orates ei r non egit.
a39ý 7.         g 38, 7.         "6, 1 & ~ 106, RYII.
b~ 129, R. XXXY.  h 74, 8, and     n ~4411H. 1.
40, 4, and      ~140, Ohs. 4.    0 19, 1.
~141, R.H1.     ~136, Ohs. 5.    P 39, 8.
d ~141, Obs. 8.  j ~ Ill.          q 94) 1, 2d,& 98, 2.
e ~140, 1,3d.     k 6),3.          r27, 2d),6, and
f37,8           1 ~ 102, Ohs. 1.   ~ 123.





MYTHOLOGY.10


107


flauc ob causam. Hippome~nes rnut~tus est in le~nem, At -
alanta in leaenam.
22. Nisus, rex Megarensiurn, in capite crinern purr ureurn habuisse dic'itur~a e que proedictUrn b fuit, tanm diu
eurn regnatiirurn,c quarn diu d eumn crinern custodi Nsset.e
Ilunc Minos, rex Cretensiurn, bello f aggressus est. Qui g
pium, urbem Megarain oppugnaret, Scylla, iNisi filia,
ain~re f ejus correpta est, et, ut ei victoriarn pariret,h
patri'i dormienti fatilem. crinern prme-idit.  Jta Nisus a
Min5e* victus i et occisus est. Quurn autern Minos in
Cretarn rediret, k Scylla eurn rog5,vit, ut earn secum. ayehe'ret. Sed ille iieg~wit Cretam. tanturn scelus esse recept-ararn.c Turn illa se in mare prawcipitat, navernque perseutur.  Nisus in aqu'lam    rnarinarn  conversus est,
Scylla in piscern, quern Cirirn vocant. llodi~que, siquando ifla avis hunc piscern conspexe'rit,I mittit se in
aquam, raptumque unguibus f dilaniat.
23. Amphion, Jovis et Antio'pes filius, qui Thebas
muris cinxit, Ni'Oben, Tanta'1i filiarn, in matrimonium
duxit. E~x qua' p'rocreavit filios septern totidernque fihias
Q Iuemn partum. Nio'be Lat~nae libe'ris anteposuit, superbiiisquem Iociita est in Apolhinem et Difinam. Gb id
Apollo fihios ejus venantes sagittis interfeicit, Difina autern fihias. Nio'be libe'riS n~ orbfita in saxum. rnut5.ta esse
dic-itur a ejusque lacr-mam hodi~que rnanire narrantur-a
Amphion autern, quum templurn Apollhinis expugnare
vellet,o ab Apoll-ine sagittis est interfectus.
a~145,P Obss. 4.  f ~129,IR.        k ~44,II1.
b 51, 2, k           39, 1.          1 ~45),Ill. 1,2.
~ 101, Obs. 5.   h ~140, 1) 2d.    M 22,2.
C100,2.          15. 1.             n 64, 8,& 5.1.
d 124, 19.         i115, 1.          o ~140, Obs. 4.
e~ 141,) Obs. 8.





103             MYTHOLOGY.
24. Phil*ncus, Ageno'ris filius, ab Apolline futur~rum
return scientiarn accep-erat. Quurn vero6 homilnibUS a deb
ruin consilia enuntiarxet, b Juie eum exwaiet urn
misit ei Jlarpyias, quae Jovis canes C esse dic-untur, Ut
cibum ab ore* e id auferrent.e  Ad quern f quurn Argonautaw venissent, ut eum iter 9 r-og5.rent~h dixit se illis iter
dernonstrattirurn esse, i si eunu pcena'i iber5,rent. Turn
Zetes et CalaYs, Aquil~nis jjjkqui pennas in capite et
in ped-ibus habuisse dicuntur, Harpyias fugav~runt in ins'las Stroph'das, et Phineurn pcena1j 1iberatrunt.
AbT ore is emphatic 41from him, from his very mouth."
a~123.           ac~140,1,12d.     i100, 2.
b 140, Obs. 4.    f 39, 9.         J ~125.
c ~103.           e~124.k ~97) Obs, 2.
d 5' 1             ~141,Obs.8.





ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS.


1. THALES interrog~tus an facta hom-inum deos a latP.rent b respondit, nee cogitita quidem.
2. Solon, qui Atheniens-ibus leges scripsit, dic~bat
neminem, duni vive'retd beiturn habri posse, quo'd omnes, ad ult-imum usque diem ancip-iti fortfinree obnoxii.
essent.,
3. Pythago'ra. philoso'phi tanta fuit apud discipillos
suos auctoritas, ut, quwe ab eo audivissent Id ea in dubitati~nem adduce're non aud~rent~b' Rogdti autem ut cansam red derenthl e5rum, quam dixissent, d respond~bant,
Ipsum dixisse.i Ipse autem erat Pythagoras.
4. Bias unus ex septem Sapientibus,j quum patriam
Pri~nen ab hostibus expugn~tam et eversam fuge'ret,k
interrogitus, cur nihil ex bonisi suis secuim ferret, b Eg o
vP_'ro, respondit,1 bona mecum porto omnia.
5. Democritus, cui pater ingentes. divitias relique'rat,
omne fere' patrimonium snuun civdibus dona-vit, ne doa ~116, R. XX,   f ~ 141, Ohs. 7.  J 107, Ohs. 8, and
b -74) 12.       g ~ 140, 1. 1st.    19, 1) &4,1
12,h I 78,5.                k 74 3.
d14 1, Ohs. 8.    98),1.         I116, Ohs. 6.





110        ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS.


rnesticfirur rerum cura^ a philosophae, studio avocar&tur.a
6. Etiam Crates Thebfinus bona sua. inter Theb~nos
divisit, nihil sibi servans prreter peram et bacillum. Hrec
enim  Cynic~rum instrumenta erant.    A quo b consilio
quum amici et propinqui eurn avociire stud~rent,c eos
correpto bacillo d fugfivit, nihil pulchrius esse arbitrfitus,
quam ab omnilbus curis C vacuum uni philosophial ope'ram dr.
7. Anaxag-oras qum a longinqu^     errinati6ne scientire augTendoe icausa suscepta in patriam rediisset,
agrosque suos neglectos et desertos vidret, AJVon essemi
inq~uit, scdvus, nisi istai periissemt.k
8. Carne'ades usque ad extr~main senectam nunquara
cessfivit a philosophire studio. Srepe ei acc-idit,' ut, quum
cibi capiendi caus a accubuisset, co gitationibusm~ inhrerens manum ad cibos appos-itos porrige're obliviscer~tur.11
9. Idem adversits,- Zen~nem S~toicum scriptiirus caput
hellebo'ro purgribat, ne corrupti hum6res sollertiam et
acuimen mentis impedirent.a
10. Anaxago'ras philos'ophus, morte d filu audita^, vultu
nihil '0 immutiito dixitYP Sci~bam me mortalem genuisse.~
11. Archytas Tarentinus, quum ab itine're reversuis
agros suos villici socordia neglectos vidret, Graviter- te
cashg~zrem,'? inquit, nisi ircdus essem.k
12. Plato quoque, quum in servum -vehemnent~ius ex~~140, 1. 2d.    g ~ 149, R.and Ohs.1I m ~112 R.LTV.
b 38)8.           h 1122 1)&5.      n~ 140, 1, 4th.
a74 3, and      ~ 78, 8.          o~ 128.
~ 140, Ohs. 4.  J ~ 28, Obs. 3, 3d.  P ~ 116, Ohs. 6.
d 9, 1)andl104, 2.  k~ 140, Obs. 2.  q 98,)1.
e~ 107, R.XI.Obs.10*1 51) 3)" happened.", r 22, 1.
Sup. se.





ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS.Il


III


arsisset, ver-itus ne a vindictw modurn excele'ret, Spensippo b adstanti inandivit, ut -de illius poena statueret.'O
13. Idein discendi d cupiditfite ductus.Zgypturn pe-ragr~vit, et a sacerdotibus illius regi6nis geornetriarn et
astronomiam didicit. Idem in Italiam traj~cit, ut ibi Pythago'rae philosophiarn et institfita disce'ret.e
14. Athenienses Socrktern damnav~runt, quo~d novos
deos introduce're videbitur. Protago'rarn quoque philoso'phurn, qui ausus f fue'rat scribe're, se ignor5xre an dii essent,g Athenienses ex urbe pepulMrunt.
15. Xanthippe, Socr'atis uxor, morosa admo'dum fuisse
fertur. Quam h ejus indo'lem quum perspexisset Alcibi'ades, Socr-atem interroga-vit, quid esset,g quo'd mulie'rern
tam acerbam et jurgi~sam non exige'ret' domo.j Turn
ille, Quoni am, inquit, dum illam domij perpetior, insu-.esco, ut ceterbrum quo que foris petulantiam et injur'ias
faciliits feram.e
16. Xenoer'ates philos'ophus, quum maledic5rurn quorundam serm~ni k interesset, neque quidquam ipse loqueritur,' interrogfitus, cur solus tac~ret,g respondit: Quict
dixisse In me aliquando pcenituil, tacuissemI nun quam.
17. Hegesias philoso'phus in disputationibus suisn
inala et cruci5.tus vitae tarn vivildis colorlibus repraesentiibat, ut multi, qui eurn audive'rant, sponte se occide'rent.0
Quare a Ptolemaeo rege ulteriiis his de rebus dissere're
est prohibitus.
I121, 6, and     f ~78.            k ~112, R.I1,& 5 4
~ 140, Obs. 6.   g 74,.11, and     I'~149.
b ~123.            ~ 140,5.         "'66, 10, and
c140, 1, 3d.  h 386                13Obs. 7.
d ~147, Obs. 2.   '~141, Obs. 8.        30, 1.
e~ 140, 11 2d.    J ~ 130, 4         ~140, 1, 1st.





112


12ANECDOTES OF EMINENT P~ER.SONS.


18. Gorgiaý Le'ontino, qui eloquentia") et eruditi~ne
orines suae veta-tis hoqmine s super~we existimab5/cur, universa-Grai~cia in temnplo Apollinis Deiphici statuam auream colloc5vit.
1-9. Idem, quum annum centes-irnum septilmum. age-ret,
interrogiitus, quapropter tam diu velletcin vita reman-re
respondit:   Quia. nihil habeo, quod d senectuittem, mearmt
accpsem~.e
20. lilustriss-imi sawpe yini hum-ili loco r nati fu~runt.g
Socr'ates qum oraciilumn Apollinis sapientissimmom
urn homninurn" judicE~vit,1 obstetricis filmus fuit. Eurip'des, poefta tragusmarm      abt, quaw o1era venditibat,-! et iDem osthe"nis, orat~ris eloquentiss-imi, patrem.
cultellos yen didisse k narrant.
21.1 Hom~rus, princeps poe-itrum. Graec~rum, dol~re
absumptus esse cred-itur, quo'd quawsti~nem, a piscatorilbus
ipsi 1propos-itam. solve're non posset.m
22. Simoni'des, poefta pra:.ýstantissfiius, gloriiitur in
quodam. poe-mate, se" octoginta annos' natum. in cert5imen rousicumi descendisse k et victoriamu jude retulisse.
[demn aliquan~diu vixit apud ilipparchum., Pisistra'ti filium.,
Athen5.rum. tyrannurn. lade Syrac-asasP se contiilit ad
llier~nem. reg-em, cumn quo familiariter vixisse, dicitur.
Primus q carinina statfito pretio I cripsit; quare eum. Mu.
sam. venalem. red didisse dicuat.
23. Quum IEsch lus Atheniensis, qui pareas' tragn..diae dic-itur, in Sicilia^ versar~tur~t ibique in loco aprico
a~1~93.           g 72.              n ~ 145, R. LVIII.
b~ 128,7 R. XXXIV. h ~ 107, R. X.     0 ~ 131, R. XLI.
C74,16.              73.             P~ 13O,2.
~ 121217bs. 2.    1~ 44, ILI..      q ~ 98,; Ohs. 10.
e~141, R. 1.       k 97, 1.           r 133, R. XLIV.
f6,5 &           1 32, 9, ~ 126, R.HII  ~ 103.
~119) R. XXII1.  "'~ 141 Obs. 7.    t74C 3,





ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS.        i


111-3


sed;.*ret, aquila testudfinem glabro ejus cap-itialmmlisit quodl,pro saxo habuit. QUO b ictu ille extinctus est.
24. Euripildes, qui et ipse magnum inter poe~tas tragicos nomen habet, a ccena- domum rediens a can-ibus lace
ratus est.
245. Athenienses quondam    ab Euripide postul15bant,
ut ex tragcedia^ sententiam quandam tolle'ret.c' Ille autern in scenam progressus dixit, se fabiilas componere
sol~re, dut popiilum doc~ret~e non ut a popuiio disce'ret.
26. Phulippides, comcndlirum scriptor, quum in poe*tirurn- certamine prater spem vicissetf et illtt victoria^
impense" gaudRret, eo ipso gaudio repente' exstinctus est.
257. Pindarus, poe-ta Thebinus, Apoll-inibg gratiss~imus
fuisse dicitur. Quare sawpe a sacerdotiibus in templurn
Deiph~icum ad ccenam vocab5atur, parsque ei h tribueb~tur
don~rum, quaw sacrificantes' deo obtule'rant. Ferunt
etiamn Panai Pind'ari hymnis k tantope're fuisse 1wtatum,
ut eos in montilbus et silvis can'ret)  um    lxadr
rex Macedonkae, Thebas d iripe'ret, unius Pind'ari domom
et familiie pepercit.
28. Dioge'nes Cyn-icus Myndum profectus, quum vidýret magnificas portas et urbem exig-.uam, Myndios monuit, titt portas claude'rentc, ne urbs egrederktur.e
29. Demosthd'nes A-theniensis incredibili studio et Lab~re e6' ' perv~nit, ut, quum 0 multi eum ingenio P~ paruin
val~re existim5~rent, omnnes oetitis suaw orati5res super5dret
eloquientia^P. Nunquam tamen ex temp 6re dic~bat, neque
in conci5ne voIlbat assurge~re, nisi rem, de qua^ agere-tur,"
a ~123.           g~111.            m ~112, R.yV. & 7) 2
b 38,) 9.         h~ 126, R. III.    n 28),Obs.
c~ 140, 1, 3d.       19, 1.          o ~ 140, Obs. 4.
96, 2.         i~15,4.            P~ 128.
e140, 6, or 1, 2d.  k ~121, Obs. 2.  q ~14 1,Obs. 8.
74.8.          1'~140,1,13st.





114        ANECDOTES, OF EMINENT PERSONS.


accurate antea meditatus esset.a Unde plerique eurn~i tiih,Mmesse, existimabant.  Sed. in hac Fe Periclis consuetud'inern imitab5~tur, qui non facile' de qua'que re dice're,
nec existimati5nem  suarn b fortfinae committe~re sol~bat.
30. Pericles in conci~nem itfirus, quum aniino perpen(leret, quantum pericilli C inconsiderate dicta d ominibus
afferreut,e sol~bat precari a diis/f ne quod ipsi g; verbum
imprudenti excide'ret, quod reipublkca office're posset.h
31. Minos, Cretensiuni rex, saepe se in speluncam
quandam confere-bat, ibique se cum Jove collo'quil legesque ab eo accipe'rei dic~bat. Etiam Lycurgus Lacedammoniisi persuasit., se leges suas b ab Apoll-ine didicisse. k
32. Quum Lycurgus, Lacedwemoni5rum legislator, Del-.
phis' in templum Apollinis intr a*sset, ut a d~eof oracillum pet6ret, Pythia eum his verbis allocf~ta est: XNescio utrz?2m deus an homo ctppellandus 11 sis; sed dens potiiis vidieris' esse.
33. Leon-ida's, rex Lacedaemoni~rum, qunni Persue dicerentur sagitt~xum multitudine soleni obsduratfiri, respondisse fertur:.Melit-ts ita-que in nmbrdt putgnabimus.
34. Cyrus omnium su~rum milliturn nomina memoria'
ten~bat. Mithridates autern, rex Ponti, dudrurn et viginti gentium, qua,, sub regno ejus erant, linguas ita didice'rat, ut cum omn-ibus, quibuso imper~bat, sine, interprete loqui posset.
35. Theinisto'cles interroganti P utriim Achilles esse
mallet,e an Honii~rus, q respondit: Tn vero' mallesne te in
Olyrnpico certamIne vicidrem renunti.2rir an p~raeco esse,
ýni vict'irurn nomina procidmlat?
a ~ 140, Obs. 2,  g ~112, Obs. 3.  'M 74, 9, & 108, 1.
b 30) 3.h ~141, Obs. 8.         n 70Y36
c ~ 106, R. Vill.  '96, 1.           0 7, 2,& ~ 112, R.v
d 19,4.           i~ 123, & 7, 2.    p 19, & ~98)Obs. 5
e74, 11.         k 98,22.          q~103,7R. V.
f ~ 124) Obs. 2   1~130), lExe. & 6.2 r 1405, Obs, 1, 3.





ANECDOTE$ OF EIVIINENT IEJSON-5.      1


115


36. Epaminonclas, Theban5rumn imperiitor, in bello adversus Lacedmmonios, amimos suorurn religil~ne excitand os a ratus, arna in templis affixa noeteb detraxi 't, p~ersilasitque militibus, qunra illa abesse cvidrent, deo~s iter
suurn sequi,c ut ipsis d prceliantilbus, adessent.
37. Idern in pugna" ad Mantine-am graviter vulneritus
est. Quurn an-imamn recepisset, interrog5tvit circumstantes,
arnicos, an clypeu's salvus esset; e deinde, an hostes fusi
essent-e Ilii utrurnque affirmave-runt. Turn dernuin
hastamn e corpo're edfici f jussit. Quo 9 facto statim exspiravit.
38. Epaminondas tantaA fuit abstinentia'" et integritfite,
ut post plur-ima bella, quibus Theban6rum, potentiarn
incre~dibil-iter auxerat, nihil in supellectili hab~r'et proe.
ter ahnurn et veru.
39. Lysander, dux Lacedawroni~rum, millitern quelldarn via"" egressurn castigiibat. Cui dicenti, ad nu~lliu
rei ra-Pinam. se ab agmine recessisse,j respondit: je k spe-.
cie~n quidem rctptari'I prebeas volo.
40. Jphicriates, dux Atheniensium, quum prawsidio ten&ret Corinthurn, et sub adventurn hostium ipse m vigilias
circurniret, vigllern, quern dormientem invene'rat, h~asta^
transfixit.  Quod n factum quibusdarn0 eio ut saevum exprobrantilbus, QuctlemP inv~ni, inquit, talern reliqui.
41. Qnuin quidam Thrasybfillo, qui. civit~tem Athe.
niensiurn a tyrann~rurn dorninati~rne liber~vit, dixisset:
Quantas q1 tibi gratias sAth~na debent! ille respondit: Dii'
a 108 4,&~79, 9. g 38, 5.             1l9,&_ ~98),Obs. 5
b ~ 131Y R. XL.   h~1061R. YIL.        32 393
C 96, 2.           ~136, R. LII.    n 38.
d ~ 112, R. 1.    i941112d, &98 2.  o~123.
*74,12, & ~140) 5. k 121, 2, and.  P 44),4,& 47.
90,4.            ~ 140, 1. 3d.   q 48)'3'.





116        ANECDOTES OF EM~INENT PERSONS.


factant,a ut quantas b ipse c pcttria3 deb eo grcttias, tent as
ect videar d retulisse.
42. Philippus, rex Maced'onum, monent-ibus e eurni
quibusdam, ut Pythiam    quendam cav~ret 7d fortem  miiitern, sed ipsi f alien~tum, quo'd tres filias awgre a1e'ret,rnec a rege adjuvar~tur, dixisse fertur: Quid? hi si part em
corp6ris haberemi egram, abscinderem1 potits, an curdzrem?   Deinde Pythiam ad se vo~u        kacc eptak difficultate rei domesti1ca, pecunia Iinstruxit.    Quo facto
nullum rex militem Pythia^ m fideli~rem habuit.
43. Mulier qrnedam Ab e~dem Philippo, quum a conivivio temulentus recede'ret, damnita,.11 Philippo, inquit,
temulento ad Philippum sobrium prov6co.
44. Philippus, rex.MacedonireT, prawdicire so1bhat, se
oratoribus Atheniensium mnaxim'am gratiarn hab~re.n.Nhm conviciis suis, inquit, efficiunt, ut quotidie melior 0
evddam, dum eos dictis P factisque mendacii arguere
con, or.
45. Ejusdem regis epist'0la fertur scripta ad Aristote'1cm philoso'phum, qua^ filium sibi q natuim esse nuntiivit.
Erat illa, episto1a, verbis concepta fere" his: Filium mihi q
genitum esse scito. Quodr equidem diis habeo gratiam:
non tam quaod natus est, quatm qua'd ei contigit nasci
temporibus vite tuev. Spero enimfore~t ut a te educcitus
et eruditus dignuas evetdat et noblis u et rebus, quas ipsi
relictfiri sumus.
a 77, 9, and       h ~ 150, 1.        o ~103, Obs. 2
~ 42. Obs. 4)5.    ~ 140O,2.         P~ 129.
b 44),3),&47.      i 78, 4,           q~126 R. III.
C32,)1.            ~ 139, 2, & 124, 13. r 38, 10, Note.
d ~ 140,1, 3d, & 70.  k  104, 3, & 2.  a ~ 113.
e~ 122, Obs. 4.   ' ~ 1250.          t ~ 145, Obs. 6.
f 64,9.           M6, 3               U6),5,&   119.
g~ 141, Obs. 7.    U~ 94, 1)2d,&96) 1.





ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS.11


117


46. Alexander Mace'do, Philippi filius, quum puer a
pmaceptore suo audivisset innumerabiles inundos esse,"
lieu me b misgrum, i nquit, qui ne uno C quidem adhuc potitus sum!
47. Quurn Alexander quondam Macedo'num quorundam benevolentiamn largitionibus sibi concillire conatus
esset, Phulippus eum his verbis increpuit: Sperctsne d eos
tibi efi~deles essefutu-ros,f quos pecunia' tibi concilictveris? g;
Scito am~rem non auro emi sed virtutibus.
48. Alexandro'1 Maced6ni, Asia^ debefllita, Corinthii
per legitos gratulfiti sunt, regemque civit5ite h sua^ donaverunt. Quod 1offieji genus quum Alexander risiss~et,
unus ex leg5.tis, Af'ullij, unquam, inquit, civitdtem ded.,mus alii qua'm tibik,, et Herc-ii~i.  Quo  audito, Alexander hon~rem sibi delitum lubentiss-ime" acc~pit.
49. Quum Alexander Grwciw popu'lis I impera~sset, ut
divinos ipsi hon~res decerneirent,m Lacedawmonii his verhis utebantur: Quoniam.Jllexander deus esse voluit, esto
deus; Lacon'ica" brevit5.te regis notantes vecordiam.
50. Lysirn-,chus, rex Thraciaw, Theodbrum Cyrenreum,
-virum libert~tis '~ amantiss-imum et regiae dominati6ni e infestum, cruci aff igio0 jussit. Cui ille, Hujus modi minis,
inquit, purpurdlos tuos terreas.P  JIea q quidem  nihilr
interest, humine s an sublime' putrescam.
51. Maus6lus, rex Carkoe, Arternisiam habuit conjiigemn. JIwe, Maus~lo defuncto, ossa cineremque mar-iti
contfisa et odor-ibus mixta cum aqua^ potfibat. Extruxit
a 96, 9.          g ~ 141, Ohs. 8.  n ~ 107. R. IX.
b ~117) R.        h ~125 & Obs. 1.   090,4.
7, 5, and      1 38, 7,& 38, 5.   P ~45,1. 1.
~ 121, R. XXVI.  J ~ 123.          q ~ 113, Exc. I.
d 58,1,)& 56,3.  k ~ 149, R. LXV.   r ~ 122, Ohs. 6.
8~ 111.           1 7, 2, & ~ 112, R.V  ~ 130, Ohs. 7.
f99.1           m ~1400,1,3d.





118


118      ANECDOTES OF EMUINENTC PERSONS.


quqe ad conservandam. a ejus memoriam    seuhrum
illudnobilissirnum, ab ej us, no rnine app ellatu~m, quod inter
septem  orbis terr~rum   miraciila numerdtur.    Quod 1b
qjuuim Maus6li manlibuseC dicdret, cert5,men instituit, prrenijis amplissimis ei propositis, quiidefunctui -regem. op..
ti me laudasset.'1
52 IDionysius, qui a patre 8yracus5arum et paine totius
Siciliae tyrannidlem acce.perat, senex patrihe pulsus Co53. Mithrid5ites, rex P onti, sawpe ven~nnm hanse'rat,
ut sibi a -clandestinis cav~ret insidiis.  Hine factum est,
Ut, quum. a Pompeio superattus, mortem. sibi conscisce're
"Velet, ne velo cissima quidern venena ei noc~rent."
54. Quum Gy'ges, rex Lydke ditissimus, oracuilum
Apollinis in'terrogdret, an quisquam. mortalium' sei essetk
felicilor, deus, Aglalim quendarn Psophidium, felicio-rem,
proadicfi~vit. Is autem erat Arc'adum ' pauperr-imus, parVill agelli possessor, cujuS terminos qua'mvis senex nunquaina excesserat, fructibus' et voluptatilbus anglusti runis
contentus.
55. Pyrrhus, rex Epiri, quum -in Italia esse.t, audivit,
Tarentinos:quosdam. juve'nes in convivio parum honorif'ice& de se 1ociltos-esse.'~ Eos igitur ad se arcessitos percunct5tus est, an dixissentk ea, qum ad aures suas,pervenissent. Turn unus, ex his, Nisit, inquit, vinurn nobis 0
defecisset,' qnulto q etiam ýplura r1 et gravibra in te locutiiri erdrn-us.8 Woee crinuinis excusatio iram regis in risurn
convertit.
ab  127           h~ 140, 1, 4th.     ~ 14LObs. 8.
b38, 4.          i~ 107,1R. X.     o ~112, Obs. 1.
c~ 123, R.        1 6.3.             P ~ 140, Obs. 2.
d ~ 141, Obs. 2, 21C.  k ~:140, 5.  q ~ 1_32, R. XML.
e~ 126, R.YV.     'I~ 119, R. XXIII.  r 19, 4.
f4), 1,& ~130, 1. M.98.2          ~79, 8.
g~124, it.





-ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS.19


119


56. Marsyas, frater Antigo-ni, regis Macedoniaw, quumn
causam hab~ret cum priv5,to quodam, fratrem rogivit, ut
de ea domi cognosceeret.a At ille, In foro potiits *inquit.
Xam si clp b vacas, innocentlia lua ibi nselii'ts apparcebit; sin damnandus es, nostra' justitia. *
57. Clara sunt apud Catanenses nomi1na fratrum An&Pic et Amphino-mi,e qui patrem et matrem hume~ris per
inedios d ignes X~tnoe portakunt, eosque cum vitme sume
pericu'lo, e flammis eripue-runt..58. Spartilnus qaidam quurn rider~tur, quo'd claudus,
in pugnam iret~f Aft Mbihi,g inquit, pugmire, h non fugetre
est propositum.'
59. Spart~nus quidam   in maagistr tiis petiti~ne a
remilis Victus, maximre sibi Iretitiw, esse,j dixit, quod pa-.tria sua se k meli~res'cives hab~ret.f
60. Quuxn homo, quidam, qui diu in uno pede stare.
didice'rat, Lacedremonio, cuidam dixisset,. se non arbitriri Lacedremoni~rum q quemquam tamdiu idem face're
posse, jill respondit: A/t anse-res* le kdiutiits.
161. IDiago-ras Rhodilus, quum tres ejus flui in ludis
Olynzplicis vict~res renunti5,ti essent, tanto affectus est
gaudio,m ut in ipso stadio, inspectante popiilo, in fili6rum
anbus an'mam redd'ret."
62. Scipio Afric~inus nun'quam ad negotia publica acced~bat, antequam in templo, Jovis precatus esset.0
63. Scipio dice're sol~bat, hosti non solflm dandamP
0.Supply the proper verb..
a ~140, 1, 3d.   g ~ 126, R. III.  M ~ 129.
b ~121, R. XXV.'  h ~ 144, R. LVI.  n ~ 14,to 1, 1st.
c~97),&Obs. 5.      51,1.          0 ~ 110,4.
d  17  1.   2 1Pand~ 11.    0854.
30,2.          k 6;,3,8&~ 120.   q~l)17PR. X.
t141, Obs. 8.   I63, & ~123.'





120        ANECDOTES OF EMSINENT PERSONS.


esse viam fugiendi, sed etiam muniendlar. Similiter
Pyrrhus, rex Epiri, fugienti hostiapertinaciter instandurn-0
esse negahat; non soli~m,. ne forti "us ex necessitfite resis
teret,e sed ut postea quoque faciliiis acie d cede'ret, ratus
-vict~res fugientlibus non usque ad perniciem instatuiros,
esse.
64. Metellus, Pius, in Hlispania^ bellum gerens interrogiitus, quid poste'ro die factfirus -esset 1' Tznzicam meam,
inquit, si id elbqui possetf combur~rem.5
65. L. Mummius, qui, Corintho capta^, totain Italiam
t 'iabiiisl statuisque exorn~vit, ex tantis manubiis nihul in
Snum usum convertit, ita ut, eo defuncto, non esset 1unde ejus filia dotem accipe'ret.) Quare sendtus ei ex publico dotem decre-vit.
66. Scipio Afric5.nus major Ennii poekte imagiem in
sepuicro gentis Corneliare colloc5xri jussit, quo'd Scipi6nurn
res gestas carminlb US hi suis i11ustrave'rat.
167. M. Cato, Cat~nis Censorii filius, in acie cadente
equo prolapsu s, quurn se recollegisset, k animadvertissetque gladiurn excidisse 1vag-in A,", rediit in hostein: acceptisque aliquot vulneribusn recuper~to11 denurn gladio ad
suos reversus est.
68. Q. Metellus MacedonICUS in Hlispania" quinque cohortes, quaw hostilbus 0 cesse-rant, testamentum face're jussas ad locum"P rebcuperandum misit; MinatUS q eos nonnisi post victoriam receptum iri.r
~112, R. IV.      ~ 42, II. 2d.   m ~ 136, R. LII.
b 113 8.          h ~129.            n 10411.
c ~140, 6.          ~ 1402,12,st.    o ~112, R. V.
d~ 136, Obs. 5.  i~ 141, Obs. 8.       Obs. 5, 5th.
e~ 140, 5.        k 74, 8,&          P 112, 7.
f~14012.            ~1402,Obs. 4.    q 106,)1.
g 78, 8.&         '98, 3             r94,1, 2d & 100, 8.





.ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS.       W


H) I


69. Publius IDecins consul, quum in bello contra Latmnos Rornan6rurn aciem cedentem vide-ret, cap~ite pro reipubfl-cae sablie dey6to, a in medium hostiurn agmen i rruit,
et magna strage edita aplur-imis telis obriitus ceciliit.
Hen~ ejus rnors Roman~rum. aciern restituit, iisque victo.riam parivit.
70. L. Junius Brutus, qui Roinarn a regibus liberavit,
hi ios suos, qui Tarquiniurn regemn expulsurn restitLue're
conadti erant, ipse b capitis e darnnivit, eosque virgis cawsos
seciiri (1 perciiti e jussit.
71. Q. Marcius Rex consul, quum filiurn unidum, juvenem surmmae piet5,tis f et magna. spei, morte g amisisset,
(lolorem. snurn ita co e**rcuit, ut a rogo adolescentis prote~nus
curiarn peteret~hibique rnune'ris sni negotia strenue" obiret.
72. In bello Roman~rum curn Perseo, ultimo Macedoniam rege, accidit,1 ut ser~na' noctei sub-ito6 luna defice'ret.
IHwc res ingentern apud milites terr5rern excit5ivit, qui
eXistimibant hoc omine g futifiram cladem portendi.k Turn
ver6 Sulpicius Gallus, qui erat inl co exerc'itu, in conci~rne
mil-itum causarn hujus rei tarn diserte' exposuit, ut posti--
ro, die i omnes intrepi1do animo 9 pugnam comrnitt~rent. h
73. L. Siccius Dentfitus ob insignem fortitudinern appellitus est Achilles Roindnus. Puasse'1 is dicitur
centum, et viginti prmliis; "n cicatricem. aversam nullarn,
adversas quinque et quadraginta tulisse; coro-nis" esse
doniitus aureis duodeviginti, obsidion~li una^,muralibus
tribus, civiceis quatuorde'cim, torqui1bus tribus et octogina 104,1.g ~        ~129.            k 96, 5.
b32)4.          h ~ 140,1,Y 1st.   1~145, Obs. 4.
c~ 122.             51, 3.         m~136, Ohs. 5. (in.)
d~157 6, &Note 3.  i 6, 7,&         n ~123, Obs. 3, and
e90, 4, or 94, 3.  ~ 13 1,R. XL.    ~126.
~106. RI. VII.





122        ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSON$.


tIa, Aliinillis plu's centum sexaginta, hastis duodeviginti.
Phiale"is idem doniitus est quinquies Yiciesque. Triamph~vit curn imperatoribus suis triumphos a novem.
74. Tlannib'alem in Italiam proficiscentem tria milliab
Carpetan~rum reliqu~runt. Quorum C- exemplum ne ceieri quoque barba~ri sequerentur,d edixit eos a se esse dimissos,eý et ins?'Iper -in fidem ejus rei alios etiam, quorum
tides ipsi ý' suspecta erat, dornum g; remisit.
75. Hannibal quum elephantos compe11e're non posset,"
ut prawaltum, flumen tranisirent,' neque rates hab~reh quibus eos trajice'ret,1 jussit ferociss-irum elephant~rum sub
aure vulneriri, et eum, qui vulneratsset,* se in flumen
conjice're illudque tranfire. Turn elephantus exasperatus ad persequendum dol~ris sni auct6reni tranfivit am
nem, k et relilqui quoque eum secilti sunt.
a ~ 116, R. 11.      98, 6.          b~ 140, Obs. 4.
b 24, 5.          f 5,2,2&           '~141.)Obs. 8.
C38.              ~ 126 R. XXXIII. i ~ 14 1) R. VI.
d 140 3 L2d.      g ~130, 4.         k ~ 136,R.LIS





AN EPITOME OF ROMAN HISTORY,


FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO
THE EMPERORS.
LIBER PRIMUJS.
1. ANTIQUISSimis tempori'bus Saturnus in Italiam 'yenisse dic-itur. Ibi haud procul a Janiciilo, arcem condidit,
eamque Saturniam aappe11ivit. Hic It'a1os primus b agricultilram docuit.e.2. Postea Latinus in illis region'ibus imperivit. Sub
hoc rege Troja in Asia^ eversa est. Hinc iXn~as, Anchisa. filius, cum multis Trojinis, quibus d ferrum Graec~rum
pepercerat, auffigit, et in Italiam perve-nit. Ibi Latinus
rex ei benign e recepto, e filiam Laviniam in matrimonium
dedit. IXneas urbem condlidit, quam in hon~rem conjiigis Lavinium a appell1ivit.
3. Post Xna mortem. Ascanius, A      ~~ filmus, regnum acc~pit. Rlic sedem regni in alium locum transtullit, urbemque cond'idit in monte Albiino, eamque Albaina
Longam nuncupavit. Eum seciltus, est Silvius, qui
post A~n~ae mortem   a Lavinia genitus erat.  Ej us
a ~ 116, Obs. 1.  c. ~ 124.        ~ 112, R. V.
b ~98, Obs. 10.  d 7, 2. and        104, &









124


124          ROMLAN HISTORY.


posteri omnes usque ad Romamn conditam    Albc, regnaverunt.
4. Unus horum regum, Romu'lus Silvius, se Jove c mnaj~rem esse dic~bat,det, quuin tonfiret, militibus imperfvit, ut clypeos hastis percut'rente dicebatque hunc soiium inult6' clari~rem esse qua'm tonitru. Fuirnine ictusf,
et in Alb~num lacum prwecplittus est.
5. Silvius Procas, rex Albano-rum, duos filios reliquit
Numit5rem, g et Amulium. Jiorum minor hi natu,' Am ulius, fratri o pti~nem. dedit, utru~m regnum hab~re vellet,J
an bona, quaw pater reliquisset.k iNum-itor paterna bona
prmetilit; Amulius regnum obtinuit.
6. Amulius, ut regnum. firmissiime' possid~ret,' Numit6ris filium per insidias intere-mit, et filiain fratris Rheam
Silviam Vest5.lem virginein rn fecit. Nam his Yestaw sacerdotibus non licet viro"- nube're. Sed hwec a Marte
geminos lilios Romillum et Remum pepe'rit. Hoc quum.
Arnulus colnperissetY matrem in vincilla conj~cit, pue'ros autem in Tibe'rimn abjici jussit.
7. Forte' Tibe'ris aqua ultra ripam se effude'rat, et,
quum pueri in vado essenit pos-iti,o aqua refluens eos in
sicco reliquit. Ad e~rum vag-itum lupa. accurrit, eosque
uberilbus suis aluit. Quodi' videns Faustillus quidam,
pastor illius regi~nis, pue'ros sustulit, et ux~ri Accoe Lau8. Sic Romulus et Remus pueritiam inter past~res
transeg~runt. Qaum. adolevissent, et forte' comperissent,
~146, Obs. 2.   g ~ 97, Obs. 5.    m ~ 116, Obs. 1.
b 411             h~ 107, Obs. 6.    n ~ 112,iR. V
a 6, 3.           i~128, R.          o 74),8,&
d ~44, 11. 1.     J  140,2 5.         ~ 140, Obs. 4.
e ~140) 1,3d.     k~141, Obs. 8      P 38) & ~99, EXPl.
(115,1.          1~140 1, 2d.      q 107.2.





LIBER 1.


I v).5


quis.ipsoiruin avus, quam mater fuisset,a' Ainuliurn interfec~runt, et Numit~ri avo regnurn restitu~rUDnt. jn t e
Turn urbem. condide-runt in 'monte Aventino, Christumt
quam. Romi'1us a suo nomine Romam b vociivit. 754
Haec quum, mcenibus circumdare-tur, Remus occ-isus est,
dum. fratrem. irr-idens mcenia c transili~bat.
9. Romulus, ut civium. nume'rumn aug~ret, asylum patefzcit, ad quod multi ex civitat-ibus suis pulsi accurr&runt.  Sed novoe urbis civib US d conjiiges dee'rant.  Festurn it'aque Neptfini et ludos instituit. Ad hos quum.
multi ex finitirnis popiilis cum mulierilbus et libe'ris venissent, a Romini inter ipsos ludos spectantes virgines rapuZrunt.
10. Popiili illi, quorum -virg-ines raptam erant, helium.
adversiis rapt~res suscepe-runt. Quum. Romree appropinqu5.rent,f forte" in Tarp~iam virg-inem. incid~runt, quae in
arce sacra procuribat. Hauc rog5.bant, ut viam. in arcem
monstr~retg eique permis~runt, ut munus sibi posce'ret.A
lila petiit, ut sibi darent, quod in sinistris inanilbus gererent )h annillos aureos et armillas significans.  At hostes
in arcem. ab ea^ perducti scutis Tarp~iam. obrudrunt; nam
et ea in sinistris manilbus gere-bant.
1 1. Tum, Romnulus cum   hoste, qui montem. Tarp~ium
tenebat, pugnam. conseruit in eo loco, ubi nune forum
Rom-anumn est.   In medliar cuede rapteei process~runt, et
hine patres hine. conjilges et soceros complectebantur,
et rogihant, ut cwdis finemn face'rent.9 Utrique his preci-1
bus comm~ti sunt. Romu'lus ftedus icit, et Sabirios in
urbem. recepit.
a 74, 8, & ~ 140, 5.  ~ 112, Obs. 1.  g~ 140, 1, 3d.
b ~116, Obs. 1.    e~ 112, R. IV.    h ~141, Obs. 8.
c ~ 136, R. LII.   f 74,3,and        i17) 1.
d 118, 8, and       ~ 140, Obs. 4.   J Sup. muliilreo





126


126           ROMAN HISTORY.


112. Postea civit~tem descripsit. Centum secnat5res
legit, eosque cilirn  ob zet~iern,tui oh reverentiarn its'
deb-itamn patres appell~xit. Plebem in triginta curias dis.A. UC. tribuit, easque raptfirum C noriniribus nhtncupivit.~
3. Anno regni tricesimo sept-imo, quum exerciturn
lustr5'ret, inter tempestatein ortam d repente" ocillis e hominum subductus est. Hine alii eum a senatoribus
interfecturn,f alii ad deos sublatum, essef existimav~runt..13. Post Romilli mortem unius anni interregnum fuit.
Quo g elapso, Numa Pompilius Curihus,' urbe in a gro Sabinbrum. natus,rex creiitus est. Hue "vir helium quidem
nullum gessit; nec minu~s tamen eivititi profuit. Namn
et leges dedit, et sacra plur-ima instituit, ut popilli barbari
et hellie~si mores molliret.i Omnia autem, quae faci~bat,j
se nympbcT EgericT, eonji'gis sum~, jussu facere k dic~bat.j
Morbo d~ecessit, quadragesimo tertio imperii anno.
A. U.     14.  Tumoe 1 successit Tullus Hlostilius, cujus
81.   avus se in hello advers"uis Sahinos fortem et strenuurn virumm- proestite-rat. Rex cre~tus bellum Albanis indixit, idque trigemin~rum JHorati5rurn et Curiati~rum certamine finilvit. Aiham. propter perfidiam. Metii
Suffetii diruit. Quum triginta du6hus annis11 regnh~sset,
fulm'ine ictus cum domo sua^ arsit.
AU.  15. Post hunc Ancus Marcius, Numae ex filial
114. nepos, suscepit imperium. Ilic vir requitfite 0 et
religi~ne avo P' simillis, LatInos bello domuit, ura124, 8.         f971,5.              112,11R. IV.
b~126,YR. 111. &  g 38, 5.        m' 116, Ohs. 1.
64, 6.          h ~130 1. Exc. &6. 2  ~131, R. XLI.
o ~ 98,p Obs. 5.    ~ 140,Y 1, 2d.      and Exp.
d ~146, Ohs. 6.   i ~44, 11.1.       o~128, R.
a 5,11& ~126) R.IIL  k 96,1 11          7p,6 & ~ 111.





LIBER 1.


127


bein ampli~vit, et nova ei a moenia circumd~dit. Carce"
rem primus awdifica-vit. Ad Tibe'ris ostia urbem, condidit,
Ostiamque vociivit,. Vices-imo quarto anno imperii morbo obiit.
16, Deinde regnum    Lucius Tarquinius Pris-  A
cus accdpit, Demariti filius, qui tyrannos patrie 137.
Corinthi fugiens in Etruriam. vene'rat. Ipse b
Tarquiniius, qui nomen ab urbe Tarquiniis acc~pit, aliquando Roma m e- profectus erat. Advenienti d aquilla pileum abstililit, et, postquam alte' evolave'rat, reposuit.
llinc Tan'qui1 conj ux, mulier auguri~rum eper-ita, regnum ei portendi intellexit.
17. Quum, Romwe commorarktur, Anci regis familiarititem consecfitus est, qui eum fili~rum su6rum tut6rem f
reliquit. Sed is pupillis d regnum interc~pit. Senatoribus,
quos Romi*'lus creave'rat, centum alios addfidit, qui min6 -rum gentium g sunt appe11-ati.  Plura bella felic-iter gessi,'nee paucos agros host'busl ademptos urbis territorio
adjunxit. Primus triumphans urbem intr-fvit. Cloicas
fecit; Capitolium inchofivit. Tricesilmo octivo imperii
anno per Anci filios, quibus d regnum eripue'rat, occisus est
18. Post hunc Servius Tullius susc~pit impe- A. U.
rium, genitus ex nobil1i femina', captiva& tamen et. 176.
famu'IAA. Quurn in domo Tarquinii Prisci educar~tur,i flamma in e 'jus capite visa est. Hoc prodigio TainiquiI ei summam dignit5item portendij intellexit, et conjilgik persufisit, ut eum siciiti libe'ros suos educiret.' Quinn
adolevisset, rex ei filiam in matrimonium, dedit.
a ~123) R. & Obs.3. e~107, R. IX.   i ~140, Ohs. 4, and
32, 4.          f ~116, Obs. 1.     ~44, II.
S130, 2.        g Sup. Senato~re.,  i96, 6.
d(Sup. ei)        ~106, R.         k ~ 112, R. V.
~ 123, & 5, 1.   h~ 126; R.11. & 5. 1. 1 ~ 140, 1, 3d





128


128          ROMAN HISTORY.


19. Quum Priscus Tarquiinus occisus esset, Tan'aqmi
de superidre parte domus poulu       allocuita est, licens;
regent grave quidern sed n~on letade vulnus accepisse.;h
eurn pe1~re,c ut popfidus, dum convaluissel )(d Servio Tullio
obediret. Sic Servius regn5are ccepit, sed bene im-rperium
administr5ivit. Montes tres urbi adjunxit. Primils omR.
mium censum ordini~vit. Sub eo Roma habuit capiturn
octoginta tria millia civium. Romnan~rum,curn his qui in1
agris erant.
20. Hie rex interfectus est sce1lere filiaw Tu1IaIOE
A.20.  et Tarquinii Superbi, fili ejus regis, cui`e Servius
successerat. INam ab ipso Tarquinio de gradibus
curiw dejectus, quum domum~ fuuret, interfectus, est.
Tullia in forum properfivit, et prima conjiigem regem
salut~vit. Qaum, domumn rediret, aurligamn super patris
corpus in via^ jacens carpentum. age're jussit.
21. Tarquinius Superbus cognomen moribus meruit.
IBello tamen strenuus plures finitimorumn popul~rurnh vicit.
Templum Jovis in Capitolio aedifidzivit. Postea, (luin
Ardeam a oppugn~bat, urbemr Latii, imperium perdid it.
Nam quum. filius, ejus, Lucretioe,i nobiliss-Ima femiinie,
conjiigi Tarquinii Collatin'i, vim. fecisset, haec se ipsami
occidit in conspectu mariti, patris, et amico-rum, postquamn
eos obtestdta fue'rat, ut bane injuriam ulciscerentur.k
22. ilane ob causam L. Brutus, Collat-Inus,
AU 1.                              1         a
243.  ahiique noninulli in exitium  regis conjura'runt,
popuI~que ipersuas~runt, ut ei portas urbis clavde'ret.k  Exereitus, quoque, qui civititemn Ardeam. cum
rege oppugnibat, eum reliquit. Pugit it'aque cum uxore
a ~ 136, R. LII.  e ~ 112, R. IV.     ~ 123, R.
b94, 1, 2d) &. 98,)2. f ~130, 4.   i32.
e 96, 2.         g ~116, Obs. 1.   k ~ 140, 1, 3d.
d80,2 3,& ~ 140, 4. h ~ 107, R, X     12331&8L~ 136,R.rL





LIBER 1.


] -)C-l
AW


et libe'ris suis. Ita Romre a regn5,tUM b est per sep tern
reges nosCducentos quadraginta tres.
23. Hinc constuiles ccpp~re pro uno rege duo credri, ut.,
SI u ' us malus esset, d alter eurn co~rc~ret.e  Anunurni us
iinperium tribfitum est, ne per diuturnitatem potest5,tis
insol enti6res redd erenture Ful~runt igitur anno primo,
expulsis regibus,~ consiiles L. Junius Brutus, acerrimus
libert5tis viridex, et Tarquinius Collatinus, mar-itus Lucretiaw.  Sed Collatlino 9paul6" p Ost dignitas suhl5aa est.
Placue'rat enim, ne quis ex Tarquini~rum familia' Romaw
rnaneret.e Ergo cum omni patrimonio sno ex urbe migriivit, et in ejus locum Yalerius Publico'la consul factus'est.
24. Comm~vit helium urbi rex Tarquinius. In primna
pugna Brutus consul, et Aruns, Tarquinii filmus, sese iwvicernm occid~runt. Romani tamen ex ea pugna vict~res
recesserunt. Bruturn- Roin5anr matr~naw quasi commcinem
patrem per annum lux~runt. Yalerius Puhlic6la Sp. Lucretium, Lucretke patrem, coll~gam sibi fecit; qui quum
morho exstinctus esset, i Horatium Pulvillum  sibi col.b6 -gami sumpsit. Ita primus annus quinque consiiles habuit
25. Secundo quoque anno ite'rum TarquiniusA.U
hbelium Romdnis intiilit, Porse'na^, rege  Etr'us- A4. U
c~rurn, auxilium ei ferente. In illo hello Horatius Codles solus ponitern ligneum' defendit, et hostes cohibuit, donec pons a tergo ruptus esset.Jk Turn se cum
armis in Tibe'rirn conj~cit, et ad suos transnivit.
26. Dum Porse'na urbem ohside-hat, Qu. Mucius Scoev'ia, juv'nis fortis animi,1 in castra hostis se contiilit eo
a45,1.           e ~140, 1,2d.      ~140, Obs. 4.
b 85,)3.          f 9, 1.            ~1162 Obs. 1
~ 13 1, R. XLI.  g ~ 126, R. III. & 5.1 k ~ 140, 4.
d ~140. 2         h ~28, Obs. 5.     1 ~106lR. VII





130


130           ROMAN Hins-ORy.


consilio, ut regern occide'ret. At ibi scribam regis pro
ipso rege interf~cit. Turn a regiis a satellitibus complrehensus et ad regern deductus, quuprn Porse'na, eum ignibus
a11~tis terr~ret, b dextram arw e Cacceiswe imposuit, donee
flaminis consumpta esset.d Hoc facinus rex mir5.tuse jU
veinem dimisit incolu'mem. Turn hic quasi beneficinin
ref~rens ait/ trecentos, alios juve'nes in eurn conjura~sse.9
Iliac re terr-itus Pors6"na pacern cum Rorninis fecit, Tarquinius autemn Tusciilurn se contillit, ibique privfitus cumn
uxore consenuit.
A. 27. Sexto decimo anno post reges exactos, h
2-.po'lus Romm sediti6nern fecit, questus qu'd
tribfitis et militia^ a sen~tu exhauirir~tur.i Magna
pars pleb*Ls urbem relliquit, et in montern trans Ani~nem
amnem secessit. Turn patres, turbiti Meneniurn Agrippam mis~runt ad plebern, quii earn senatui concilifiret.
Huei uis inter alia fabiuilam narrivit de ventre et membris
humfini corpo'ris; qua^ popiilus cormm~tus est, ut in urbem
rediret. Turn primiurn tribilni plebis cr-efiti sunt, quiJi
plebem ad-versuirn nobilitiitis superbiam defende'rent.
A. U.    28. Octivo dec-imo anno post exactos reges,hb
261.  Qu. Marcius, Corio]5,nus k dictus ab urbe VolscGrum Corio'lis,' quam- m ello cepe'rat, plebi-" invisus fie'ri ccepit. Quare urbeo expulsus ad Volscos, acerrimos, Rornan~rurn hostes, contendit, et ab lis dujx k exercitfis fact-as Rorninos saepe vicit. Jam usque ad q~uintuin
milliarium urbis accesserat, nec ullis civium su~rtim lvo
a ~106, Ohs. 4.   f ~44, L. 3.       k ~103, R. and
b ~44.11.21and    g 98, 2,& 94,1,y2d  ~ 116, Obs. 1.
~ 42, Obs. 2     h ~ 146, Obs. 2.  1 ~ 97, R. I.
o~ 123, R*         ~ 141, Obs. 7.   ni ~ 99, Obs. 3.
d ~140, 4.        J 40, 4, and       n ~111, R.
*10 6, 1,and      ~ 141, Ohs. 2, 4th. o ~ 136, R. LUl
~ 146, Ohs. 6.





LIBER L


131


gat-ionrlbus flecti poterat,, ut patriaT, parce-ret.a Den'ique
XVctuiria mater et, Volurnija uxor ex urhe ad earn ven6&
runt; quarurn fletu et precihus commotus est, ut exerciturn iemove-ret.a Quo b facto a Voiscis ut prod-itor I occisus esse dic-itur.
29. Rornini quum adverstirn Veientes bellum gere'rent
familia IFahi5rum, sola. hoc helium susc~pit. Profecti,
sunt trecenti sex nobiliss-imi hom'ines, dluce d Fa- A. U
bio consiile. Quurn saepe 'hostes vicissent, apud 274.
Creme'ram. fluviurn castra posu~runt. Ibi Yeientes dolo0 usi eos in insidias pellexe-runt. In prrnlio ibi
exorto f omnes peri~runt. IUnus superfuit ex tanta^ familiat, qui propter awt~tem puerilern duci non potuerat ad
ýpugnarn. ilic genus propagivit ad Qu. Pabiurn Max-imum
jjllrn,g qui llannib'alern prudenti cunctati6ne dehilit5.vit.
30. Anno trecentesirno et, alt'ro habueco-A
dita1' decernyiri creaiti sunt, qui -icivit56 leges  302.
scribe'rent. Hi primo anno hene' ege-runt; secundo autem dominati5nern exerc~re ccep~runt.- Sed
quum unus e5ruM k Appius Claudius virg-inem ingenuam,
Virginiam, Virginii centuri5nis fihiam, corrumpe're vellet,
pater earn occidit. Turn ad milites proffigit, eosque ad
sediti~nem, comm5vit. Suh]~ta est decemviris 1 potestas,
ipsique, omnes aut morte nut, exihio pun-iti sunt.
3 1. In hello contra Veientinos Furius Camil-A.I
lus urbemFalerios bsid~hat. In nu  hii.U
lus rbe  Falrio obi~ba. I quaobsdi-358.
6ne quurn ludi literarii magiste~r principum fihios
ex urbe in castra hostium duxisset~o Camillus hoc donurn
a~140, 1, 2d.   f~ 146, Obs. 6.   k~ 107, R. X.
b 38 25.          g 271 1st.       1 ~126, R. III. & 5.1
c ~149, Obs. 1.   h~24, 7.        ra124,3.
d 110,)1.         i 146, Ohs. 2.   D38,8.
e~ 121, R. XXVI.  j 141, R. 11. Ohs.  D 140, Obs. 4.
and 7, 4.         2, 4th.





13`2


I3~          ROM~AN HISTORY.


iwnv accipit, sed scelestum. hoininem, manilbus post terguin vinctis, pue'ris Faleriosa reducendum b tradidit; virgasque iis dedit, quibus prodit~rem, in urbem age'rent.`c
32 iac tanta an-imri nobilitdte comm~ti Falisci urbem Rominis tradid~runt. Ca.millo d autern apud Romdnos crimini datum d,est, quo'd albis equis triunpha^sset,e et prawdaiyi
A.Uinique' divisisset; damnatusque f ob earn causani.
364.  et civitate expulsus est.  Paul o p ost Galli Senones ad urbem. ven~runt, Romfinos apud flumen Alliani vic~runt, et urbem etiam occuparunt.r Jam
nihil proeter Capitolium defendi "' potuit. Et jam prwesidiurn fame 1abor~bat, et in eo  erant,i ut pacem a Gallis
auro.emerent,k quum Camillus cum m anu militum. superveniens hostes magno prcelio superfiret.
LIBER SECUNDUS.
A. U.    1. ANNO   trecentes~imo nonages-imo quarto
394   post urbem conditam Galli ite'rum ad urbem, accesserant, et quarto inilliario' trans Ani~nem
fluvium. consede'rant. Contra eos missus est T. Quinctius.
Ibi Gallus quidam eximiaA corpo'ris magnitudinern fortissimum Roman6rum ad cert5frnen singu1ire provocfivit.
T. Manlius, nobiliss-imus j uvenis, provocat-i~nem n acc~pit,
Gallum occidit, eumque- torque' aureo spolidvit, quo0
ornitus erat. Hinc et ipse et poste'ri ejus Torqu:Rti appel1iit, sunt. Galli fugam capessiv~runt.
a ~ 130, 2.      f115, 1.         k ~ 140, 1),st.
b107, 1.        g ~79, 1, 1 St.  '~132, R.
c83, 3, and     h 87, 6.         m   ý 4,1and
~141, Obs. 2, & 3.  19, 6, &       1062QR. V11.
~~11,R      ~1, Obs. 2.      n~12, R. &6; 8.
~ 141, Obs, 7.  i~ 102. R. 11.   0  1.' 9, R.





LIBER 11.


133


2. Novo bello cum Gallis exorto, anno urbis,.U
quad ringentes-imo sexto, ite'rum Gallus processit  406
robo'rea9atque armis insignis, et provoc5,vit unum
ex Romd~nis, ut secum armis dece~rneret b Tut-n se M. Valerius, t~ribfinus mil-itum, ob tiilit; et, quum processisset armitus, corvus ei 0 supra dextrum brachium sedit. IN'ox,
comimissa pugna, hic corvus alis det unguihus Galli ocu'los verberiivit.  Ita, factum  est, ut Gallus nullo negotio
a Yalerio interliceredtur,e qui hinc Corvini nomen acc~pit.
3. Postca Rotnani bellum gess~runt cum Sam-A.  U
nit~ibus, ad quo~d L. Papirius Cursor cum hono-re  430.
dictat6ris profectus est. Qui f quurn negotii cujusdam causa' Romam ivisset, preece-pit Q, Fabio g Rubli~no, magistro equilturn, quern apud exercitum reliquit,
ne pugnam cum hoste commifte-ret.b Sed ille occasi~nem
nactus felicissime' dimic5.vit, et Samnites de1~vit. Oh
hanc rem a (Tictatore capitis hi damniitus est.  At ille in
urbemn coufiigit, et ingenti fav~re militum et popiili liberitus est; in Papirium autem tanta exorta est seditio, ut
prene ipsei interficer~tur.11
4'. Du~bus annis po~stj T. Veturius et Spurius Postiimius consiiles helium adversiim Samnites ger~bant. Hi
a Pontio Thelesino, duce hostium, in insidias inducti sunt.
Nam ad Purciilas Caudinas Rominos pellexit in
A. U.
angustias, un(]e sese exped-ire non poterant. Ibi  433
Pontius patrem suurn Herennium rog5ivit, quid k
faciendum putiiret.' Jile respondit, antomnes occidendos 'I
a ~ 128, R.       f39, 1.            ~ 136, Obs. 6.
b ~ 140, 1, 3d.  g ~112, R. V.     k 91,75.
c ~110, Obs. 1.   h ~126,iR. I.    I1~140, 5.
a ~ 129, R.       132, 3.          m  108, 4.
~ 140, 1, 4th.  J ~ 90, 4, and    n~ 140, 1,1 St.
12





103 4


134         RO.MAN HISTORY.


esse, ut Roman5rurn vires frangerentur~a aut omnes diinittendos, ut benelficio obligarentur.a Pontius utrumque
conisilium improbivit, omnesque sub jugum Misit. Samnites, denique post bellum undequinquaginta ann~rum superditi sunt.
AU.  5. Devictis Samnit~ibus, Tarentinisb bellum in472   dcu     squia 1eg5,tis Roman5rum injuriam fecissent.c Hi Pyrrhum, dEpiri regem, contra Romfinos auxiliuin d poposc~runt. Is m-ox in Italiam venit,
tumque primiam Rom5,ni cum transmarino hoste pugnav~runt. Misses est contra eum consul P. Yalerius Lw,vinus. Hic, quurn explorat~res Pyrrhi cepisset, fjussit
eos per castra duci,e tumque dimitti, ut renuntigrenta
Pyrrho, quawcunque a Romdnis agerentur.!
6. Pugn A commissa", Pyrrhus auxilio elephant5rum vicit. [Nox proiilo finem dedit. Lawvinus tamen per noctern fugit. Pyrrhus Rom~nos mulleb- octingentos cepit,
eosque summo hon6re tractfivit. Quuin eos, qui in proelio interfecti fue'rant, ornifes adver'sis vul-ner'ibus et truci
vrultu etiam mnortuos jac~re vidret, tulisse ad ccelum manus dicitur cum hac voce: Ego cum talibus viris brevi
orb ent ieirrtium subig~rem.h1
7. Postea Pyrrhus Rona'm perrexit; omnia, ferro ign~eque vast~xit. Campaniam depopulaitus est, atque ad
Preeneste venit, miliiario ab urbe octfivo dec-imo. Mox
terr~re exercitifis, qui cumn consille sequebitur, in Campaniam se rec~pit. Legfiti ad Pyrrhum de captivis redimendis' missi honorif'ic' Ab eo suscepti sunt; captivos
sine pretio reddidit. Unum ex legitis, Fabricium, sic
a ~140, 1,2c1.   d ~124) R. & 62, 5.  g ~24, 5, & 7.
b ~ 126, R. Ill.    94, 3.         b ~ 42, II. 2d.
~ 140, Cbs. 2.  f~ 141, Ohs 8.    '11A2, &8





LIBER IL.


admirdtus est, ut ei quartamn partem regni sui promitt&",
ret, si ad se trans-iret,a sed a IFabricio contemptus est.
S. Quum, jam Pyrrhus ingenti Roman~rum. admirati6ne
tenere-tur, leg5,tumn misit Cineam, praestantissinium. virumi,
qui bpacein peteret ea" condliti~ne~c ut Pyrrhus e-am partern Jtalia~p, quam. armis occupaverat, obtinaret. iRomxini
respondarunt, eum cum Romanis pacem habe-re non posse, nisi ex Italia^ recessisset.(" Cineas quuin rediisset,
Pyrrho eum. e interroganti, qualis ipsi Roma 'visa esset,f
respondit, se regumn patriamrn vidisse.1;
9. In alte-ro hi prcelio cum. rege Eplri commisso Pyrrhuis
vulneratus est, elephanti interfecti, viginti millia hostium
caesa sunt.  Pyrrhus Tarentum i fug-it. Interjecto an-no,
Fabricius contra eum, missus est. Ad hunc med-icus Pyrrhi nocte venit promittens, se Pyrrhum venano occisfi'rum~1 si raunus sibi dare-tur. ilune Fabricius vinctum
redfici jussit ad dom-inum. Tune rex admir~tus ilium
dixisse fertur; Ille k est Fabricius, qui dijiciliits ab honestote, quarn sol a cursu suo averti potest. Paulo past
Pyrrhus tertio etiam. prcelio fusus a Tarento re- A. U
cessit, et, quum. in Graeciain rediisset, apud Ar- 481.
gos, Peloponne-si urbem, interfectus est.
10. Anno quad rin gentesirno nonagesimo post A
urbem, cond-itam' Romanorum exercitus primim. 490.
in Siciliamn trajece-runt, regemque Syracns~rumHier~iiem, Pceno sque, qui multas civit~tes in ea^A
insiih A occupaverant, superav~runt. Quinto an- A9.U
no hujus belli, quod contra Pcenos gereb~tur,
a ~ 140, 2.       a63, 3.           i~ 130, 2.
b ~ 141iR.I11A 40. 4 f ~ 140, 5.   i 100;2& 94,1122d.
c129),R.         g 98, 2.          k 10 3,R.
d140 P6.         h ~24),7.         1 146, Obs'.2.





136)


136           ROMAN HISTORY.


prirniurn Rornini, C. Duillio, et Cn. Cornelio As-inci consuli-bus, a in marl dimicave-runt. Duillius Carthaginienses
Vicit, triginta naves occupilvit, quatuorde-cim mersit, septern millia hostium b cepit, tria millia occidit. iNulla vietoria Rwninnis- gratior fuit. Duilijo, concessum est, ut,
quum a ccena rediret, pue'ri funalia gestantes, et tibiceii
euin comitarentmx'1d
A.U      11. Paucis annis interjectis, helium in AfriJcam trans1itum est. Harnilcar, Carthagimiensrnm dux, pugna- navif1i superfitur; nam perditis
sexaginta quatuor navilbus se rec~pit; Rom5ini viginti duas
amiserunt. Quum in Africam venissent, Pomnos in planibus prceliis vice-runt, magnam  vim hominum  cep~ru nt,
septuaginta quatuor civit5.tes in fidtem acceperunt. Turn
victi Carthaginienses pacem   a Romniise petidrunt.
Q uarn -f quum MI. Atilius Reguilus, Roman~ruim dux, dare
-nollet nisi dluriss~imis conditionibus, C arthaginienses auxilium petie-runt a Lacedremoniis.e Hi Xanthippum miserunt, qui Rom5naum exercitum magno, proelio, vicit. Regu'lus ipse captus et in vincu'la conjectus est.
12. Non tamen ubique fortfina Carthaginiens'ibus g- favit. -Quum alliquot prceliis victi essent, Regiilum rogav~runt, ut Romain proficiscer~tur, et paceni caphiVorumque permutati~nem a Rominis obtin~ret. Jile quum
Romnam venisset, inductus in senitum dixit, se desiisse
Romnfnumn esse ex ill A die, qua" 11in potestfitem Pcen~runi
venisset.' Turn Romiinisj suasit, ne pacern cum Car~thagmniens~ibus face'rent:k illos 1 enim  tot cas~ibus fractos
spem nullam nisi in pace hab~re:m tanti '~ non esse, at
a 110,2.          f39,3.           k ~ 140,1,1 3d.
b~ 106, RY I.    g ~ 112, R. V.    194,4.
C ~111),R.         ~ 131, R. XL.   m96, 2 & 94,1,92d
d~ 140, 1, 4th.   ~ 141, R. V1.    n~ 122, R. XXVIII
e~ 124, Obs. 2.  i~ 123 R.             Exp.





LIBER III.


137


tot ji lba a captiv~rurn propter se unmim et paucos, qu'
ex Rominis capti essent, redderentur. llwc sententilu
obtinuit. Regressus igýitur in Africam crudeliss-iris suppliciis exstinctus est.
13. Tandem, C. Lutatio Catiilo, A. PostumioA.J
consulibus, anno belli Punici vices-imo tertip  513
m agnurn prcelium navale corunmissum est contra
Lilybawur, promontorium Sicilkeý. Jn eo proe1io septuaginta tres Carthaginiensium, naves captae,b centum. viginti
quinque dernersaotriginta duo millia hostium. capta, trede'cirn miflia occ-isa sunt. Statim Carthaginienses pacem
petie-runt, eisque pax trihilta est. Captivi Roman6rum,c
qui tenebantur a Carthaginiensilbus redditi sunt.  Pmeni
Sicili a^,'d Sardinia, et ceteris insii'lis, quaw inter Italiam. Af -
ricamque jacent, decessilrunt, omnenique Hispaniam quwe
citra Ibe-rum est, Romiinis permis~runt.
LIBER TERTIUS.
1. ANNO quingentessimo undetrices-imo ingen- A. b.
tes GaHl6ruin copiae Alpes transie-runt. Sed pro  529.
Roninis tota Italia consensit: traditunique estY
octingenta mullia a horninum C- ad id helium parE~ta fuisseý
Res prospe're gesta est apud Clusium: quadraginta millia
hominum interfecta stint. Al-iquot annis. g p Ost. " pugnfiturn est icontra Gallos in agro Insiibrurn, finitumque est
bellum M. CluMOW Marceilo, Cn. C ornelio Scipi~ne
consulibus. Turn Marcellus regem Gaillrum, Viridorna ~ 24),5.       e ~ 44, Obs. & 111.  g ~ 131, R. XL.
11-~h ~ 136, Obs. 6.
0ý 2.5ý 5,      2.
c~ 107, R. X.    f94, 12dj&98;9. i~8513.
d ~ 136, R. LII





13S


18S           ROMAN' HIISTOR Y.


aruwi, mranu suti occidit, et triumphans spolia Galli stip)ini,,iposita hume'ris suis vexit.
2. Paulo' po'st Pun-icum bellum renovfitum est per Hanniba'lem, Carthaginiensium ducem, quem pater Hamilcar
novem annos b natumn aris adrnove'rat, ut odium perenne
in R~om5,nos jur5,ret.e iic annum agens vicesimum aetiuis Saguntum,9 Hispanire civitatem, Romainis am536.   icam, oppugnare d aggressus est. Huic Romiini
per legitos denuntiav~runt, ut bello abstine-ret.e
Qui f quum leg5atos admitt~re nollet, Romdxii Carthaginem
rnis~runt, ut mandlaretur g Hannib'a1i, ne bellum contra
socios popiili Rom~ni gere'ret.e Dura responsa a Carthaginiensilbus reddita.  Saguntinis interea fame victis, Ro
m5ini Carthaginiens-ibus bellum indix~runt.
3. Hann-ibal, fratre llasdrub'ale in Hlispania' relicto,
Pyrenoeurn et Alpes transiit. Trad'iturt in Italiam octoginta millia peditum, et viginti millia equ-iturn, septem et
triginta elephantos abduxisse. Jnterea multi Ligiires et
Galli Hannib'ali se conjunx~runt. Primus ei occurrit P.
Cornelius Scipio, qui, prcelio ad TiCinum commisso, h superitus est, et, vulne~re accepto h in castra rediit.  Turn
Seinpronius Gracchus conflixit ad Trebiain amnem. Is
quoque vincitur. Multi popilli se Hannib'a1i dedid~runt.
Inde in Tusciam progressus Flaminium consillem ad
Trasim~num lacum supe'rat. Ipse Flaminius interemp
tus,' Ronmano-rum viginti quinque millia coesa sunt.
A. u.    4. Quingentes-imo et quadrages-imo anno, post
540. urbem conditam L. LXmilius Paullus et P. Terentius Yarro contra Hannib'aem mittuntur
f Supply is with trad~tur, or eum with abduxisse,. ~ 145, Obs. 4.
a~ 126, R. III.  d ~ 144, Obs. 2.   g 51 & ~144. Obs.
S~ 131, R. XLI.   e ~ 140, 1. 3d.   h 104, 2.
~ 140, 1. 2d.    f  39, 1.         i  115, 2.





LIBER 11L


139


Quamquaria intellecturn erat,a" Hannib'a1ein non ailiter vin)Ci posse quain morna, Yarro tamen morue b impatiens apud
vicum, qui Cannaecapp 'e115-tur, in ApuliA pugn-, it; arubo
consiiles victi, Paullus interemptus est. In ea pugna consularxes ant prawtorii viginti, senat~res, triginta capti aut
occisi; militum, quadraginta millia; equitum tria millia
et quingenti peri~runt. In his tantis malis nlemo tamen
pacis menti5nem face're dignitus est. Servi, quod d nunquarn ante' factum, manumissi et millites facti sunt.
5. Post earn pugnarn multze Italiae civit5~tes, quaw Rom5-nis e parue'rant, se ad ilannib'aem transtul~runt. Hannibal Rom~nis obtiiilitf ut captivos redime'rent; respon-.
Sumque est a a senatu, eos Gives non esse necessarios, qui
armiti capi potuissent.9 Hos omnes ille postea yamis
suppliciis interf~cit, et tres modios aurel~rum annul6 'ruml
Carthaginem, misit, quos manibush equiltum. Roman~rum,
senat~rim        it et militum d~etrax'rat.  Jnterea in ilispania'
frater Hannib'aiis, Ilasdriibal, qui ibi remanse'rat cumn
magno exercitu, a du~bus Scipionibus vincitur, perditque
in pUgn.a triginta quinque millia, hom"inum.
6. Anno quarto postqua'm Ha 'nnilbal in Italiam vene'rat,
M~i. Claudius Marcellus, consul apud Nolam, civititem
Campaniam, contra Hannib'alem bened pugnivit. Illo ternpore Philippus, Demetrii filius, rex Macedonike, ad Hannib'a1em leg5itos mittit, eique auxi'lia, contra Roma-nos pollicetur. Qjui legfiti* quum, a Rominis capti essent,1 M.
Yalerius Lawvinus cum nav-ibus missus est, qui regem. impediret 'k *quO mimi's copias in Italiam  trajice'ret.1 Idem
in Macedoniam penetrans regem Philippum vicit.
a51, 2, and      e 112, R. V.     i ~ 140, Obs. 4.
~144, Ohs. 1.   f60,)4.           k ~ 141,y Ohs. 2, 4th,
b ~ 107, R. IX.   g ~140, 6.            and 83, 2.
c~103, Ohs-. 1.  h~123,2R.         178,7
d37,9.           1 38),1.







~4R ROMAN HISTORY.


a.I  iii  quoque res prospere gesta, est.Mac)us miagnarn hujus insiilze partem cepit, quarn Pomni occupaverant; Syracfisas, nobiliss~imam urbern, expugnilvit, et
ingentern inde prawdarn Rornarn a misit. LawInus in Ma-.
cedonih curn Philippo et multis Groeciop" popiili's arnicitiami
fecit; et in Siciliarn profectus, Hann6nem, Pcen~rum ducern, apud Agrigenturn cepit; quadraginta civitiites in de.diti6nern acc~pit, viginti sex expugnixit. Ita omni Sicilia" recepta^, curn ingenti gloria Romarn regressus est.
8. Interea in ilispaniam, ubi duo Scipi6nes ab llasdrub'a1e interfecti erant, missus est P. Cornelius Scipio, vir
Roman6rurnb omnium fere' prim us. JHicC puer d duodeviginti ann6rum,e in pugn-a ad Tic-inum, patrernsinguliri
virtfite 2 serviivit. Deinde post cladern Cannensern f multos g nobilissirn~rum juve'num Italiarn desere're h cupientiur,auctoritdte su^A abhoc cons-ilio deterruit.  Viginti
quatuor ann~rum I juve'nis in Hispaniam missus, die qua"
venit, Carthag-inern Novam cepit, in qua" omne aurum et
argenturn et belli appariturn Pceni hab~bant, nobilissimos
quoque obs~ides, qu'os ab llispinis accepe~rant. lbs obsi-1
des parentibus suis ireddidit. Quare omnes fer~e ilispaniaw civit5.tes ad eun- uno anIrno transi~runt.
9. Ab eo inde tempo're res Rornan~rurn in dies lati~res
factaw sunt. Hasdriibal a fraire ex Hispania^ in Italiarn
evocfitus, apud Senarn, Pic~ni civitiitern, in insidias nci-1
dit, et strenue" pugnans occisus est. Plur-imae autem civitites, quam in Brutiis ab llannib'ale tenebantur, RomRnnis
se tradide-runt.
a ~13012,         d 13, 2.          g 21, 3.
b~ 107, R. X.    e ~ 106, R. VII.  b ~ 144, i5, &Obs. 2
27 4.          f ~106) Obs. 4.   1 ~28. Exe.





LIBER IV.


141


10. Anno d ec-imo quarto p ostquam inlTtaliamA.U
Hlann-ibal vene'rat, Scipio consul cre5.tus,a et in  550.
Afr-icain missus est. Ibi contra Hann~nem, ducein Carthaginiensium, p   Iopr pugnat, totumque ejus
exercitum delet. Secundo proelio unde'cim millia homi-1
num occidit, et castra cepit cum quatuor millibus et quingentis militibus. Syphacem, Numidime regem, qui se cum
Pzenis conjunxe'rat, cepit~eumque cumn nobiliss-imis Numi-1
dis et infinitis spoliis Romam misit.' Qu Ab re audita', omnis
fere' Italia llanniba'lem dese'rit. Ipsec- a Cartha-A.U
giniens-ibus in Africam red-ire jub~tur.  Ita anno  551
(lec-iro sept-imo Italia ab Hannib'ae liberfita est.
11. Post plures pugnas et pacem plus d semel frustra'
tent5itam, pugna ad Zamam committitur, in qua" peritissimi duces copias suas ad bellum edudbant. Scipio victor rec~dit; Hannilbal cum paucis equitilbus ev~dit. Post
hoc praelitim pax cum Carthaginiens'ibus facta est. Scipio,
quum Rornar rediisset, ingenti gloria' triumphiivit, atque
Afric5,nus appellfitus est. Sic finem acc~pit secundum
Pun-icurn bellum pa~ste annum undevices'imum quam
cceperat.
LIBER QUARTUS.
1. FINiTo Punlico bello, seciltum est Macedo-A.U
nicurn contra Philippum regem. Super~tus est 556.
rex a T. Quinctio Flaminio apud Cynocepha'las, paxque ei data est his legilbus: ne Greecice civitatibus,
quas Romdni contra eum defende-rant, bellum inferret f
a115, 1.        C32, 3.          e~ 131, Obs. 2.
b 38,3.          d ~120, Obs. 3.  f ~140,1, 2d.





142


142          ROMAN HISTORY.


utcaptivos et tran figas redd~ret; quinquaginta solIlrn
naves itabret; reliquas Rornanis daret; mille talenta
prc-estcirel, et obsideMa daret filium~ Dernetrium. T.
Quinctius etiam Lacedawmoniis intililit bellurn, et dacern eorum Nab-idern vicit.
AU.  2. Fin-Ito bello Macedoniceo, secfiturn est belAg3  um Syria.cuin contra Anti 0chuni regern cum quo
Hannilbal1 se junxe~rat. Missus est contra eurn L.
Cornelius Scipio consul, cui b frater ejus Scipio Africfinus
legiitus est addlitus. Hannibal nav~li prcelio victus,co Anti6chus autein ad Magnesiarn, Askze civit5.tem, a Corneijo
Scipi~ne consiile ingenti prczelio fusus est. Turn rex Anti'chius pacern petit. Data est ei b hac lege, ut ex Europa'
et Asia' recedg?-et, atque intra Taururn se continiret, decern millia talento-rum et viginti obsides preb~ret, Hannibdilemn, concit6rern belli, ded~ret. Scipio Rornar rediit, et ingenti gloria' triumphfivit. Nomen et ipse,
ad imitati~nem fratris, Asiatici acc~pit.
3. Philippo, rege Macedonke,, rnortue, filmus ejus Perseus rebella-vit, ingentibus copiis par~tiS.d Dux Rornan6 -ruin, P. Licinius consul, contra eurn missus, gravi prcelio
a rege victus est. Rex tamen pacern pet~bat. Cui Romini earn prrestire nolue~runt, nisi his conditionibuse ut
se et suos 'Rom5.nis dede'ret. Mox A~milius Paullus conAU.Sul regern ad P~ydnam, superavit, et viginti mil lia
586. peditum ejus occidit. Equitfitus curn rege fugit.,
Urbes Macedonire omnes, quas rex tenue"rat, Romi~nis se dedid~runt. Ipse Perseus ab arnicis desertus in
Paulli potestiitern venit. Hic, multis etiarn aliis rebus
gestis, d curn ingenti pornpa',f Rornam rediit in nave Periaei,
a13. 1.          e115, 2.          e ~129, R
b 126, R. Ill.   d 104, 1.          f~ 129, Obs. I~





LIBER IV.


143


inusitktaý magnitudinis;" nam sede'cim rem~rum ord-ines
habuisse dicitur. Triumphivit magnificentiss-ime' in curru.
aureo, du~bus flHis uft5que 1ate're b adstantibus. Ante currum inter cap tivos duo regis fili et ipse Perseus dlucti sunt.
4. T.*ertium deinde bellum contra Carthaginem  A. U.
susceptum est sexcentesimo et alte'ro e- anno ab  602.
urbe cond'ita, danno quinquages'imo primo postquam secundum bellum Pun'icum transactum erat. L.
Manlius Censorinns et M. Manlius consihles in Afr'icam
trajec~runt,e et oppugnav~runt Carthag-inem. Multa ibi
praeclare" gesta stint per Scipi~nem, Scipi~nis Africiini
nep6tem, qui tribiinusf in Africa^ militibat. ilujus apud
omnes ingens metus et reverentia erat, neque quidquam
magis Carthaginiensium duces vitibant, qua'm contra eum
prCalium committe're.
5. Quum jam magnum esset Scipio-nis nomen, tertio
anno postqua'm Rornini in AfrIcam trajece~rant,e consul est
crefitus, et contra Carthag`inem missus. Is haucA.U
urbem a civilbus acerr-ime' defensam g cepit ac, 608.
diruit. Ingens ibi proeda' facta, plurimaique inyenta stint, quae rnultfrum civitfitum excidlis Carthfigo
college'rat. Urec omnia Scipio civitat'ibus li Jtaliaw, SiciHore, Afrilcee redd'idit, qua i suaJ* recogynosc~bant. Ita
Carthfigo septingentes'imo anno, postquam cond'ita erat,
del~ta est. Scipio nomen Africini juni~ris acc~pit.
6. Interim in Macedonia^ quidam Pseudophilippus arma
movit, et P. Juvencium, Roman~rum ducem, ad interneci~nem vicit. Post eum Q. Cawcilius Metellus dux a
Rominis contra Pseudophilippum missus est, et, viginti
a~106. R. VII.   ~ 116, Obs. 5.  hi 63.
b ~ 136, Obs. 6, (in) f13, 1.      i34.
c~ 24, 7.        g ~ 146, Obs. 6.  i31, 5; Note.
d* 146, Obs. 2.





144


ROMAN HISTORY.


quin que millilbus ex militibus 0a ej us ocCisis, Macedoniam
recepit; ipsum etiam. Pseudophilippum in potest~ttem snam rd~gi. Crinthiis quoque bellum, indictum esnobiliss'imaie Graeciape ciVit5,ti 7b propter injuriam. Rom~nis lega--
A. U. tisce ilIdtam. ilanc Mummius consul cepit ac di -
60.ruit. Tres igItur Romue simul celeberrimi triumphi ful~runt; Scipi~nis d ex Africa, ante cujus
currum. ductus est Hasdriibal; Meeldex Macedonia,
cujus currum, proecessit Andriscus, qui et Pseudophilippus
dicitur; Mummiid exCorintho, ante quem. sigrna oenca et pictre tabi'lk et alia urbis clarissimae ornamenta praIldta sunt.
A. U.     7. Anno sexcentes~imo dec-imo post urbem. con610.  ditarn Yiriiithus in Lusitania" bellum contra Rom5.nos excit5~vit. Pastor prim6" fuit, mox latr6 -nuin dux; postr~m6' tantos ad helium popiilos concitfivit,
ut vindex e1ibert015tis Hispania! existimare-tur.f Den-ique a
suis 9 interfectus est. Quum. interfect6res ejus praemium.
a Ceepi5ne consille pete'rent, responsum est, nunquamn
Romdnis placuisse h imperat6rem a militilbus suis interfi-ci.
8. Deinde helium, exortum. est cum Numant-inis, civitite b His,,-paniaw. Victus ab his Qu. Pomp~ius, et post
eurn C. Hostilius Mancinus consul, qui pacem. cum uis
fecit inffimem, guam, popiilus et senatus jussit infringi,i
atque ipsum Mancinum hostibus tradi.' Turn P. Scipio
Africinus in Hispaniam inissus est. Is primu'm mil-item
igniivum et corrupturn correxit; turn m.ultas Hispaniae
A. U. ci-vitites partim. bello, cepit, partim, in dediti6nem
621.  accep it.  Postr~m' ipsam iNumantiam. fame ad
dediti~nem, coeigit, urbemque evertit; reliquam,
provinciarn in fidem acce-pit.
a ~ 107, Obs. 8   d Sup. triumphus.  g 19, 2.
b ~97) Obs. 1.    e~ 103, R. &IExp.  h 51 15.
c ~ 126, R. III.  f ~ 140, 1. 1st.  1 90, 4





LIBER V.


14 b


9. P. Scipi~nc Nas-ica a' et L. Calpurnio Bestia' consulibus, Jugurthae, Nuldiu   regi, bellurn il]5tum est, qui'd
Adherb'a1ei et Hiemps'alem, Micipswe filios, patrue-les su00, inter emisset.b Missus adversilis eum consul Calpurmius
IBestia corruptus regis pecunia^ pacemn cum eo flagitiosiss'imu~m fecit, quoe a senitu improb5,ta est. Denilque Qu.
Cawcilius Metehlus consul Jugurtham. variis prceliis vicit,
elephantos ejus occidit vel cepit, multas civitites ipsius in
dediti~nem acc~pit. Ei successit C. Marius, qui bello
terminum, posuit, ipsumque Jugurtham. cepit. A. U.
Ante currumn triumphantis Marii Jugurtha cum 68
du~bus flHis ductus est vinctus, et mox jussu
consulis in carcere strangu1atus.
LIBER QUINTUS.
1. Dum helium. in Numidia contra Jugurtham geritur,
Cimbri et Teut'Ones ahireque German~rum. et Gahl5rum
geates Italiwke minabantur, alireque JRoman5rum exercitus
fud~runt.  ingens fuit Road timor, ne     e i~u    ah
urbem occupirent. Ergo Marius consul f creitus, eique
bellum contra Cimbros et Teutiines decrktum. est; behl1 -que protracto, tertius ei et quartus consulatus delfitus est.
In du~bus prceliis cum Cimbris ducenta millia hostiuim
cecidit, octoginta millia cepit, eorumque r'egem Theutob6chum; propter quod mer-itum. absens quint6' Consul creitits est.  Interea Cimbri Et Teuto'nes, quorum  A. U.
c )pia adhuc infinita erat, in Italiam, transierunt. 653.
Itrumn a C. Mario et Qu. Catillo contra eos
a 110, 2.         d4, 1.              ~ 140, Obs. 6.
b ~ 141, Obs. 7.  a121, 6, and      f ~ 103, R.
~ 112, R. V.
13





146


146           ROMXAN HISTORY.


dirnie~turn est" ad Verfnarn. Cenlumn et quadraginia
Ifnillia ant in pugna aut In ua coesa sunt; sexaginta
rnilhia capta. Tria et triginta Ciinbris b signa subldta sunt.
AU.  2. Sexcentesirno qiqaeirno nono anno ab
65.urbe condita^ in ItaliaA oravissimurn bellurn exarsit. Narn Picentes, MJarSi, Pelignique, qui miiitos annos pop'Ilo Rom5.no obedlierant wequa curn illis jura
sibi b darl postul~.bant. Pernici6surn adlrno'dur hoc helium fuit. P. Rutilius consul in eo occisus est; plures
exercitus fusi fugatique. Tandem L. Cornelius Sulla
cum Vn alia egregi&' gessit, turn Cluentiurn, hostiurn ducem,,cum magnis copiis, fudit. Per quad~riennium cum gravi
utriusque partis calamitite hoc bellurn macturn est. Quinto demurn anno L. Cornelius Suli'a ci imposuit finem.Romfini tamen, id (Iquod pr~ius negaverant, ins civititis,
hello, finito, sociis tnibu~runt.
A. U. 3. Anno urbis conditaw sexcentesimo sexages666.  irno sexto primum Roniia helium civile exortum
est; e~dem anno etiarn Mithiidatlicurn. Causam
hello civil1i C. Marius dedit. iNarn quum Sulkoe bellum
adversfis Mithriditem regern Ponti decr~tur esset, Marius ei e huac hon~rem eripe're coniitus est. Sed Sulla,
qui adhuc curn legionibus snis in Jtalla^ morabitur', cumn
exercitu Rornarn venit, et adversarios ctiiir interf~cit,
turn fug5.vit. Turn rebus Romte nicunque compositis, in
Asiarn profectus est, pluribusque prceliis Mithridiitem
coegit, ut pacem a Rorninis pete'retf,et Asia, quarn invaserat, relictaA, regni sul finilbus conltentus esset.
*4. Sed durn Sulla in Grwecia' et Asia" Mitbriditem vin-.
cnt, Marius, qui fugitus fue'rat, et Cornelius Cinna, unus
~85, 3.            124,.8.        e~ 123, IR. & 5f 1.
~ 126, R. Ill.  d 37) 9.          f 140, 1, 3d.





LIBER VI.


147


LiB  AI                     4
ex consulfibus, bellum in litalia repar~runt, et ingressi Romain nobilissimos ex senatu et consu1ires viros interfecerunt; multos proscripse-runt; ipsius Sullam domo eversa,
filios et ux&rem ad fugam compu~hrunt. Universus refliquus sen5,tus ex urbe fugiens ad Sullamn in Grawciam yenit, orans ut patrkeý subveniret-a Sulla in Italiam trajZcit) b hostium exerc'itus vicit, mox etiam, urbem, ingressus
est, quam caede "et sanguine civium repl~vit. Quatuor
inillia inermium, qui se dediderant, interfici d jussit; duo
millia equ-itum et. senat~rurn proscripsit. Turn de Mithriddte triumph~vit. iDuo haec bella funestissima, Italicum, quod et socifie dictum est, et civIle, consumpse-runt
ultra centum et quinquaginta millia hom'inum, viros consui15.res viginti quatuor, prawtorios septem, wedilitios sexaginta, senati~res fere' ducentos.
LIBEII SEXTUS,
1. ANNO urbis cond-ike sexcentes-imo septua- A~
gersimo sexto, L. Licinio Lucullo f; et M. Aurelio  676.
Cott A consulibus, mortuns est Nicoin~des, rex Bithynia., et testamento popiilum Romfinum fecit here-dem.0
Mithridates, pace ruptaf Asiain ruisus voluit invade're.
Adversi"us eum ambo consi'les m~issi variam habue^re fortiinam. Cotta apud Chalcedo'nem victuis pr(Elio, a rcgre
etiam intra oppiduni obsessus est. Sed quum se inde
Mithridites Cyz-icum h transtulisset, ut, hac urbe capta",i
a ~140, 1, 3d.    d 90, 4.          g 110, 2, and
b ~ 116, Obs. 5.  e~ 116, Obs. 1.     ~146, Obs. 10.
C ~ 1259,R.       (104, 1.           b~130,2.)





148


148          ROMAN HISTORY.


totam, Asiam invade'ret, Lucullus eia, alter consul I, o ecurrit,
ac dum Mithridiites in obsidi~ne Cyzici eommoratur, ipse 11)
eum, a tergo obse-dit, fame-que consumptum. iultis prozniiis
vicit. Postre-rn6 Byzantium c fugavit; navali quoque
prcelio ejus duces oppressit. Ita una^ hime dne et awstfite a
Lucuflo centurn fere' millia e Mil itum. regis exstincta sunt.
AU.  2. Anno urbis sexcentes-imol septuages-imo
678.  octavo novum. in Italia' bellum. comm~tum. est.
Septuaginta enim. quatuor gladiat~res, ducibus g
Spart'aco, Crixo, et Uilnomao, e ludo gladiatorio, qui CapUaW1h erat, effug~runt, et per Italiam vagantes paine non
levius bellum., quarn H~annibal,' mnov~runt. Nam. contraxe-runt exercitum. fere' sexaginta milliuine arrnat~rum,
multosque duces et duos Rominos consiiles vic~runt.
Ipsi victi sunt in Apulia^ a M. Licinio Crasso proconsiile,
et, post multas calarnit54tes Italiwe,j tertio anno, huic bello
finis est imposiltus.
3. IDnterim. L. Lucullus bellum Mithridaticum persecutus regnuin Mithriditis inviisit, ipsumque regem. apud
Cabira civititem, qu 0 ingentes copias ex omini regno adduxe'rat MithridO~tes, ingenti prowio super~tum fugdvit,
et castra e-jus diripuit. Armenia quoque Minor, quam
ten~bat, eidem ]k erepta est.  Susceptus est Mithrid5.tes a
Tigrine, Armeniae rege, qui turn- ingenti gloriaA imperiibat; sed hujus quoque regnum' Lucullus est ingressus.
Tigranocerta, nobilissilmam Armeniae civit5.tem, cepit;
ipsum, regem, cumn magno exe~rcitu venientem, ita vicit,
a ~ 112, IV.      f~ 24, 7.        J ~ 106, Obs. 1.
b32,3.          g 110, 2.         k51l&
c~ 130, 2.       h ~ 130, 1.        ~ 126, R. III.
d ~ 131, R. XLI.   ~ 120, Ohs. 2, 1st. '~ 136; R. LII.
e ~ 424 5.





LIBETý V1.


140


ut rohur inilitum Armeni5rum de'iT-ret a Sed quum Lucullus, finem hello imipone're pararet, successor ei') missus est.
4. Per illa ternp6ra pDi~itap omnia mnaria infestfihant ita,
ut Rominis, toto orbe C terrarum victorihus, sola navigatio tuta non esset.a Quare id helium Cn. Pompeio d (1e_
cretum est, quod intra paucos menses incredi-A.U
b-11i~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~                      U.iiiee  eeiiecofct  o  i  e  8
litum. helium. contra regem Mithridfitern et Tigr5anem.  Qosuscepto, Mithridatemn in Armenic Mi
n~re nocturno prcelio vicit, castra diripuit, et quadraginta
millihbus ejus occ-isis/ viginti tantiim de exerc-itu, suo perdildit et duos centurii5nes. Mithridfites fugit cum ux~re et
du~hus comitihus, neque multo6 pa'st, Pharnacis fill sui
sediti~ne coactus, ven~num hausit. Hunc vifte finem hiabuit Mithrid5ites, vir ingentis industrire 9 atque consilii.
Regnfisit, annis h se xaginta, vixit septuaginta du~bus:
contra Rominos helium habuit annis quadraginta.
5. Tigrini deinde Pomp~ius helium intu'1it. Ille 1 sei
ei* (led-idit, et in castra Pompeii venit, ac diad~nia suumi
in ej us* manihus coIlocfivit, quod leit Pornplius reposuit.
Parte k regni eum multivit et grandi pecunia^. Turn alios
etiam reges et popiilos superivit. Armeniam Min~rem
Deiota'ro, Galatiw regi, donfivit, quia auxiliu'm contra
Mithridfitem tule'rat. Seleuciam, viciriam Antiochia3 Civititem, lihert~te 'dondvit, qu6d regem Tigrinem non recepisset.m Inde in Judinam, transgressus, HierosoIy-marn,
caput gentis, tertio mense cepit, duode'cim millihus Juda_:5 -rum occisis, cete'ris in fidem, receptis.  His gestis finem
*i. e. Pompey.   f 1. e. Tigranes.  ~ 28, Ohs. 3, 3d.
a ~1407 1, 1st.   e 38, 5.         i ~ 28, Ohs. 3, 1st
b ~ 110,)R.       f 104, 1         k ~ 125, R.
c~ 136, Ohs. 5, (in) g ~ 106. R. VII.  ' ~123, Ohs. 3.
d ~ 126, R. III   h ~ 13 1, R. XL 1 ' 141, Obs. 7





150


k30RO1MAN HISTORY.


antiquiss-imo bello imposuit  Ante triumpba iitis",cur rut'
ducti sunt filji Mithridatis, fitius Tigrfinis, et Aristobillus,
rex. Judaeorum.  Prael~ta ingens pecunia, aurn atque cargenti infinitum. b  Hoe. ternpo're nullurn per orbem tervi-d
rum grave belluin erat.
AU.  6. M. Tullio Cicer5ne orat~re et C. Antonio
A. U.
689.  consulilbus, anno ab urbe condita sexcentesiino
und enonagesimo L. Sergius Catilina, nobilis-iri
generis c- vir, sed ingenliipraviss~imi, ad delendamn patriam
conjuriivit cmin quibusdam claris quidem sed audaclibus
viris. A Cicer6ne urbee expulsus est, socii ejus deprehensi et in carce're strangu1fiti sunt.  Ab Antonio, alte'ro
consiile, Catil-ina ipse prcelio victus est et interfectus.
AU.  7. Ann o urbis con ditoe sexcenteS'im onoaei
693.1 mo tertio C. Julius Caesar cum L. Bibu'lo consul
est factus. Quum ei Gallia decr~ta esset, semper
vincendo f usque ad Oce'anum Britannicuin processit. Domuit autemi annis g novem fere' omnem Galliam, quoe inter
Alpes, flumen Rhodanum, Rhenum et Oce'anum est. Britannis mox bellum in~iilit, quibus h' ante eum ne nomen
quidem Roman~rum cognitum erat; Germinos quoque
trans Rhenurn aggressus, ingent'ibus prcellis vicit.
8. Circa ea'dem tempo'ra M. Licinius Crassus contra
Parthos missus est. Et quum circa Carras contra ormina
A.U. et auspicia prcelium commisisset, a Sur~n A Or6 -700. dis regis duce, victus et interfectus est cuin fil io,
clarissimo et p rwstantiss-imo j uvene. Reliquiae
exercitcis per C. Cassium. quaest6reui serviitae sunt.
a Sup. Pompeii.   d 112. 7.         g ~ 131, R. XLI.
b Sup. ponduzs.   e ~ 136, R. LII.  b, ~ 126, R. XXXIII
c ~ 106tR. VII.  f ~ 147, Ohs. 5.





LIBEK VI.


151


9. Hinc- jam helium civile successit, quo Ro-AU;nani nominis fortfina mut~.ta est. Cawsar enim 705.
victor e Gallia^ rediens, a bsens coiepit poscere
alt'rum aconsu1fitum; quem quum alilqui sine dubitatio-ne
deferrent )b contradictum  est C a Pomp~io et aliis, jussusque est, dimissis exercitibus, in urbem redire.  Propter
Lane injuriam ab Arimino, ubi mil-ites congregfitos hab6 -bat, infesto exercitu Romarn  contendit.  Consiiles cum
Pomp~io, senatusque omnis atque universa nobilitas ex
urbe fugit, et in Greciam transiit; et, dum senitus bellum contra Cawssirem par~hat, hic vacuam urbem ingressits dictat~rem se fecit.
10. Jude Hispanias e petit, ibique Pomp~ii legi~nes superivit; turn in Grawcia^ adversiutm Pomp~iurn ipsum dimic~xit. Primo proe1io victus est et fugitus; eý&sit tamen,
quia nocte interveniente Pomp~ius sequi noluitl; dixitque
Coesar, nee* Pomp~ium scire vince're, et jill tantitm die se
potuisse superiiri. Deinde in Thessalia' apud Pharsaium
ingentilbus utrinque copiis commissis dimicav~runt. Nunquaint adhuc Romanaý copke-2 maj~res neque meliorlibus
duciibus f convene'rant, Pugndtum est C ingenti contentiOne, victusque ad postre-nium Pomp~ius, et castra ejus direpta sunt.  Jpse fugfitus Alexandriam e petiit, ut a rege~r
AZ~gypti, cui tutor a sen5,tu datus fue'rat, accipe'ret g auxilia.  At hic fortfinam  magis qua'm amicitiam h secfitus,
occlidit Pomp~ium, caput ejus et annibium Cwesari misit.
Quoi conspecto, Cawsar lacr-m'as fudisse dicitur, tanti
yiri intuens caput, et gene'ri quondam sui.
*Nec i. e. et non, 124, 1. t Nun quam, i. e. neque unquam, 124,,
a~24, 7.         d ~130, 2.        h ~120, Ohs. 2, lstb ~ 140, Ohs. 4, and e ~ 130, Obs. 10.  138, 5, &
~ 44, 2.          ~ 136, Obs. 5(cum)  ~ 146, Obs. 2.
c~85, 3.    ~     ~140. 1, 2a





15 olim?


V52ROMAN HIS.8TORY.


11. Qrnir ad Alexandriam venisset Cawsar, Ptolenia_,us
ci insiffias pariire voluit, qua' de causa regi bellurn i11awin
est'. Rex victus in Nilo periit, inventUmquje est corpus
ejus cumn lorica" aurea*. Cresar, Alexandri~ia' pot-itus, regnium Cleopatrai dedit. Turn inde profect-us Poinpeiax~arum b partium reliquias est perseciitus, bellisque civilibus
toto terr-5xum orbe compositis, Rornam redlit. Ubi quurn
insolenthiu*s age're coepisset,e conjuriitum d est in eurn a
sexaginta vel amplii's senatoribus, equitibusq ue Rornainis.
Prwcipui fa~runt inter conjur~tos Bruti duo ex genere
illius Bruti, qui, regibus, expulsis,e lprimus Rorni consul
AU.fue'rat, C. Cassius et Servilius Casca.      Ergo
709. Caesar, quum in curiarn venisset,c viginti tribus
vulner-ibus confossus est.
12. Interfecto Caesdre, anno urbis septingentes-iro nono bel~la civilia repariita stint. Sen5,tus fave-bat Caessaris
percussoribusf Antonius consul a Cws'ris part-bus stabat. Ergo turb~ta^ republ-ich, Antonius, multis scelerilbus
cornmissis e a senatu hostis judicfitus est. Fusus fugatusque Antonius, arnisso exercitu,e conffigit ad Lepidurn, qui
Caes'ari g inagister equitum fue'rat, et turn grandes copias
mil'iturn hab~bat: a quo susceptus est. Mox Octaviiinus
cum Antonio pacemn fecit, et quasi vindicat~ilius hpatu is 1
s.ui mortem, a quo per testarnenturn fue~rat adoptatus, Romain cum exercitu profectus extorsit, ut sibi -i juve'ni -viginti ann6rum k consul5,tus dar~tur.' Turn junctus cum
Antonio et Leplido rempubl-icam armis tene-re ccepit, senatumque proscripsit. Per hos etiam Cice'ro orfitor occisus est, multique alii nobilles.
7, 5) &-           104,)1.             viz: Ju~ii Cceauri~s
~ 121, R. XXVI.   f ~ 1i2, R. V.     i   126,iR. III.
b~ 106 Obs. 4.     g ~ 110, R. & Obs. 1. k ~ 106, RI. VII.
e  140, -Obs, 4.  11 102, 1.          1~140, 1. 31
d ~85,1 3.





LIBER VI.


153


13. Jnterea Brutus et Cassius, interfect~res Cwusdris,
higens bellurn mov~runt. Profecti contra eos Caesar Oc--
taviinus, qui postea Augustus est appellatus, et M. Antonius, apud Philippos, Macedoniee urbein, contra A.U,
eos pugnavl~runt. Prirno prcelio victi sunt An- 712.
tonius et Cresar; periit tamen dux nobilitatis
Cassius; secundo Brutum et infinitam nobilitktem, qure
cumn illis bellum suscep~rat, victam a interfece-runt. Turn
vict6res rempubl-icam ita inter se divis~runt, ut Octavi5 -nius Ciesar Hispanias, Gallias, Italiam ten~ret; Antonius
Orientem, Lepidus Afrlicarn accipe'ret.
14. Paulo' po~st Antonius, repudliata b sor6re Cazesa-ris
Octaviini, Cleopatram, regoinam ]Egypti, ux~remn duxit.
Ab hak incit atus ingens bellurn comm5vit,'dum Cleopatra
cupiditatee muliebri optat Romrne regn-are. Yictus est ab
Augusto navdli pugnA clara^ et illustri apud Ac-A.U
tiurn, q ui dlocus in Epiro es.Hinc fugit in  723..l.Egyptum, et, desperdtis rebus, quum omnes ad
Augustum trans-irent, se ipse e inter~m it. Cleopatra quoque aspidern sibi admisit, et ven~no 'ejus exstincta est.
Ita bellis toto orbe confectis, Octaviiinus Augustus Romain rediit anno duodec-iio f qua'm consul fue'rat. Ex eo,
iude tempo're rempubl-icam per quadra~inta et quatuor
annos solus obtinuit. Ante' enim* duode'cim annis cumn
Antonio et Lep'ido tenue'rat4f Ita ab initio principitiis
ejus usque ad finein quinquaginta sex anni fu~re.
* Enim, &c., assigningr a reason for "1Solus)"
t Sup. earn, i. e. rempubli'cam.
a 104, 3, and    c ~129, R.       *33, 1.
~ 98, Obs. 4.   d 37, 5f ~ 131, Obs. 2.
D 104. 1.





OF THE GEOGRAPHY AND TILE NATIONS
OF ANTIQUITY.
I. UNIVERSUS terr5,rum orbis in tres partes dividitur,
Eur6pam,a Asiam, Afrilcam. Eur~pa ab Africa sejungitur freto Gaditfino, in cujus utra~que parte m-ontes sunt
altiss-imi, Abyla a in Afr~icaA, in Eur~pa& Calpe, qui b mentes Herciilis columnae C appellantur. Per idem. fretum
mare internum, quo-d littorilbus Eur~pae, Asiae, et Africaw
includ-itur, jung'itur cum Ocea-no.
2. Eur~pa term-inos d habet ab oriente Tanajin fluvium,
pontum Euxinum, et pakfidem. Mreotida; e a meridie,f
mare internum; ab occidente, mare Atlantilcum sive
Ocea-num; a septentri6ne,f mare Britann'icum. Mare internum tres maximos sinus habet. Quorum g is, qui
Asiam, a Grrecia^ sejungit, iXgaeum, mare voc~tur; secundus, qui est inter Groieciam et Italia'm, lonium; tertius
denilque, qi ocidenti1es Italire oras alluit, a Rom~nis
Tuscum, a- Grrecis Tyrrh~num mare appel1itur.
3. In ea^ Eur6pae parte, quae ad occiisum vergit, prima
terrirum. ' est Hispania, qure a tribus lateribus mani circumd'ita per Pyrenreos montes cum Gallia^ cohaeret.
a~97, Obs. 5.    d ~116, Obs. 1.  f ~90,y6.
b 37, 6. Note.   c~15, 4.         g ~107, R. X.& 3&.
% ~ 103; R.





NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY.15


155


Quam universa ilispania dives sit'a et fmpcunda, ea tamen
regio, quap, a flum-ine Ba~ti b' Bactica vociitur, cete*"ras fe. -
tilitkte 'antecellit.  Ibi Gades sitape, insiila cum. urbe a
Tyriis condita, quaw freto Gaditfino nomen dedit. Tota
illa regio viris,d equis, ferro, plumbo, crere, argento, aur6 -que abundat, et ubi penuria^ aquirum minu-s est fertilfis,
linum. tamen ant spartum alit. Marn16ris quoque lapicidinas habet. In Baetica minium reperitur.
4.. Gallia poslita est inter Pyrenoeos montes et Rhenuni,
orientiAem oram. Tuscum mare alluit, oecident~lem Oceanus.   Ejus pars illa, quae Italiaý e est opposita, et Narbonensis vocatur, omnium. est ketiss'ima. In ea' or& ia
est Massilia, urbs a Phocamis cond-ita, qui, patria a Persis
devicta', quuni servitiitem ferre non possentg Asia relicanovas in Europa sedes quoesive'rant. Ibidem. est campus lapideus, ubi ilercililes dic-itur contra Neptflni libedros
dimicasse. Quum. tela defecissentg Jup-iter filium. imbre
lapidum adjiivit. Credas! pluisse;1adeO6 multi passimjacent.
5. Rhod'anus fluvius, hand longe' a Rheni fontilbus ortus, lacu. Lemiino exciplitur, servatque impe~tum, ita ut
per Imedium lacum integer fluat, k tantusque, quantus' y enit, egredi~tur. Inde ad occfisum versus, Gallias aliquandiu. diri'mit; donee, cursu in meridiem flexo, ali6rum, amniurn accessu auctus in mare effund'itur.
6. Ea pars Galliae, quoe ad Rhenum. porrig-itur, frumenti* pabuliquemferaciss'ima est, ccelum. salflbre; noxia animalium gene'ra. pauca alit. Iaco-lae superbi et superstiti6si, ita ut deos huminis vitims   gaud~re exist'iment.k
a ~140, Obs. 3.    f  19, & ~107, R. X. J 94, 1,2d & 9812.,
b ~ 15, 5.         g ~ 140, Obs. 4.  k ~ 140,1, 1 st,
e~ 128, R.        h 104,1.           1 44,3.
d ~ 121, R.         ~ ~45,L.3, last Ex. m~ 107, R. XI.1
o ~ 126, R. Ill1.   ~ 140, 1,1 st.  ~ ~121, Ohs. 2.





156


1~56     OF THE GEOG4RAPHY AND THE


Maggistri religi6num et sapientiaT sutnt Druidal, gui, qucT a
St: scire profitentur, in antris abditisque sl~vis docent.
Ani'mas alternas esse b credunt, vitamque alte'ram post
mortem incip're. ilane ob causam cum defunctis C ama cremant aut defoduunt, eamque doctrinam hom~nes
act bellum d alacribres face're exist-imant.
7. Universa Gallia divisa est inter tres magnos popiilos, qui finyjis terminantur. A Pyrenreo Monte usque ad
Garumnamn Aquit5.ni hab-itant; inde adl Sequa-nam Celtaw;
Belgae denique usque ad Rhenum pertinent.
8. Garumna amnis, ex Pyrenreo Monte delapsus, diii
vad6sus est et vix navigabilis. Quanto e mnagis proc~dit,
tanto fit latior; ad post'r~mum magni freti f similis, non
Sol um majora navigia tole'rat, verium etiam m ore manis
exsurgit, navigantesque eatrociter jactat.
9. Sequ'ana ex Alp-ibus ortus in septentrionem pergit.
Po'stqua'm se haud procul Lutetia g CUM Matro'na conjunxit, Oceabno'16 infund'itur. HMee flum'ina opportuniss'iIas nt mecbus' permutandisi et ex mari interno in
Oceiinum trans vehen dis.)
10. Rhenus it'idem ex Alplibus ortus haud procul ab
orig'ine lacum effi-cit Yene'tum, qui etiam Brigantinus appellitur.  Deinde longo spatio k per fines H~elvetio-rum,
iMedioinatric6rum, et Trevir~rum continuo alveo fertur,
aut modicas insiilas'1 circumiluens; in agro Batjivo autem,
ubi Ocea-no appropiaqufivit, in plures amines divid-itur;
nec jam amnis, sed ripis longe* recedentilbus, ingens lacus,
a 37, 2.            Obs. 5.        i~111l,R.
b 95, 1.          f ill, Obs. 2.   J ~ 112, 6.
C19, 1.         g~ 136, Obs. 5, (a)  k ~132, R.
d ~ 107, Obs. 3, 2d.  h ~ 126) R. Ill.  I~13 6, R. LHI..
* I 132, R.XLIIL&k





NATIOJNS OF ANTIQUlTY.             i 5


157


Flevo appe115ltur, ejusdemque nomIims insiilam amplexus,
fit ite'rurn arctior et fluviusa ite'rum in mare errxittitur.
1]. Trans Rhenuan Germ5.ni habitant usque ad Yistiilam, quae finis est Germaniae ad orientem. Ad meridiem
termin~tur Alp-ibus, ad septentri~nem mani Britannico et
Baltico. Inc~lue corp6rum procerit~te b exce]1unt., Ayiimos bellando, C corp6ra labor'ibus exercent. Hanc ob
causamn crebr 0 bella gerunt cum. finit-imis, non tam. finium
prolatand~run (I caush", aut imperii cupiditfite, sed ob belii ami5rem.  Miteseý tamen sunt erga supplic~es 7e et boni
hospitibus. Urbes mornibus cinc4-as aut fossis aggeribusque munitas non babent. Jpsas domos ad breve tempus
struunt non lapidibus aut lateribus coctis sed lignis, quae
frondibus tegunt. Nam (liul e~dem in loco morE~ri 'penicul~sum g arbitrantur libert~ti.
12. Agricuitfirw e" Germani non adm'O-d iim student, nec
quisquam agri modum certum aut fines proprios habet.
Lacte vescunitur et caseo et carne. Ubi fons, campus,
nemusve iis h placue'riti ibi domos figunt, mox alio6 transitfiri cum conjugibus et 1ibe'ris. Interdum etiam hie'mem
in subterran eis speci'Lib s d icuntur transige're.
13. Germania altis montibus, Silvis, paludibusque invia re(Iditur. Inter silvasi maxima est Ilercynia, cujus
latitudineM k Caesar novem  die-rum  itr  pat~re narrat.
Insequenti tempo-re magna pars ejus excisa est. Flumina
sunt in Germania" multa, et magna. Inter hoec clarissimium nornen Rheni, de qu.o supr'a diximus, et Danubji.
Clani quoque amnes, Mcenus, Visurgis, Albis. Danubius,
a13 1, &~ 97),Exp e 19, 1.          ~140,ý 5.
b ~128,7R.        f 89, 5.          J ~107, Ob-s.8.
a ~ 147, Obs.- 5, and  g ~98, Obs. 6.  k ~14 5,R..111, 6.       b~ 112, R.YV.       ~132,11..
d 112. 5.
14





1 05 8


138       ~OF THEF GiEOGRAPHY AND THE


ornrniurn Eur~pam flurninum. a max-imus, apud Rha'tos or'tix, flexo-que ad ortum solis cursii, receptisque sexaginta
amnibus, in Pontum Eux-inum, sex vastis ostiis effunditur.
14. Britanniam. insililam. Phcenicilbus innotuisse, eosque
stannum. inde et plumbum pellesque petivisse, probabile
est. ll4om~nis earn Julius Cawsar primus aperuit; neque
tamnen prii"us cogn-ita, esse ccepit qua'm Claudio b imperante.
lladriinus. earn, muro ab oced-no Germani1co ad Ilibernilcum mare ducto, in duas partes divisit, ut inferi6rem insiloe partem, qine2 Romfinis par-bat, a barbaro-rum popul6rurn, qui in Scotia^ habitdbant, incursionilbus tuer~tur."
15. Maxima insu'1w pars campestris, collibus pa~ssim
silvisque distincta. Jnc6lm Gallos proceritite d corporum
vinc-unt, cete'ru'n ingenio d Gallis, sim-iles, simplici~res tamen illis e magisque barba-ri. Nemo'ra hablitant pro urbilbus.
Ibi tugyuria exstruunt et stabiila peco'ri, sed pleriimqne ad
breve tempus. Humanitfite d %e-,et16ris prwstant ii, qui Cantium. incoilunt. Tota huec regio est maritilma. Qui interi5rem insiikae partem habitant, fr umenta non serunt;
lacte f et camne -vivunt. Pro vest-ibus indfiti sunt pe11ibus.9
16. Italia Ab Alplibus usque ad fretum Siciilum porrigitur inter mare Tuscum. et Adriaticum. Multo h longior
est qua'm latior.' In medio se, attollit Appenninus mons,
qjui, postquh'm continenti jugo progressus est usque ad
Apuliam, in duos quasi ramos divid-itur. Nobilissima regio ob fertilit5,tem soli com1ique salubrit5item. Quum 1onge,
in mare procurrat51 plur-imos habet portus popnl5rum inter
se k patentes commercio.1 Neque ulla faci1le n est regio,
a~ 107, R. X.     f  121, Obs. 2.       74, 1.
b~ 146, Obs. 9.   g~ 126, RY.       k ~28, Obs. 5.
~ 140, 1. 2d.     h ~132, R. XLIII.  I~ 112, R. XVII.
d~ 128, R.         ~ 120, Obs. 6.   m~ 134, Obs. 6, 3d.
a 6 3),&~ 120, R. J ~140, Obs. 3, and





NATIONS 'OF ANTIQ4UITY.            15


1.511)


quw tot tamque pulchras urbes habeat,a inter quas Rorna
et magnitudine b et nom-inis famaA eminet.
17. lla~c urbs, orbis terrF5xum caput, septem mnontes
complectiltur. Jnitio quatuor portas babe-bat; Augusti
alwo triginta septem. Urbis magnificentiam aug-ban~t
fora, templa, porticus, aquamductus, thefitra, arcus triumphaies, horti denique, et id genus calia, ad quae vel lectad
animus stupet. Quare recte' de ea^ prrediciire videntur,
qui nullius urbis in toto orbe terrfirum inagnificentiam
eie compar5~ri posse dix~runt.
18. Felicissinia in Italia^ regio, est Campania. Multi,
ibi vitif~ri colles, ubi nobilissima vina gignuntur, Setinum, Creciburn, Falernum, Massicum. Calldi ibidem
fontesf' saluberr-imi. Nusquam generosior olea. Conchylio g quoque et pisce nobili maria vic-ina scatent.
119. Clariss-imi amnnes Italiae sunt Padus et Tibe'ris.
Et Padus quidem in superi~re parte, qure Gallia Cisalpina vocitur, ab imis radicilbus Vesilli mnontis exor-itur;
priinfrrn exilis, deinde aliis amnibus ita alitur, ut se per
septem ostia in mare effundat.h Tibe'ris, qui antiquissiinis
temporlbus Albiike nomen hab~bat, ex Appennino or-itur;
deinde du~bus et quadraginta fiuminilbus auctus fit navig cabilis.  Plur-imas in ut'ra~que ripa villas adspiceit, pr~ecipue autem urbis Romfine magnificentiam. Placidissiinns amnium rar6' ripasi egreditur.
20. In inferi~re parte Italiee clara quondam urbs Tarexi
turn, qu@Fe 'm'ans sinui, cui adjiicet, nomen dedit.  Soli
fertilitas ecelique jucunda tempenies in causak fuisse vidT&tur, ut inc6ke luxuria et deliciis enervarentur. Quumque
a ~ 141, R. I.      ~ 146, Ohs. 6.   h ~ 140, 1,1lst.
b ~ 128,ý R.      e 126, IR, III.     ~ 136, Ohs. 5,
c~ 136, Ohs. 5, (ad) f 101, Obs. 4.      (ultra.)
d lo01,4, and      g ~121, Rk.





160


160       OF THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE


aliquandiu potentiAa flordrentb copiasque haud contemneudas al~rent, peregrinis tamen pleri*imque duCibus in
bellis utebantur, ut Pyrrho,c' reg~e Epiri, quo superlito,
urbs in Rornan~rurn potestktem venit.
21. Proxima Italiae est Sicilia, insilla omniurn d manis
interni max~ima. Antiquissirnis tem po rib us earn cum Ital i a
coliwsisse,e marisque irnpetu, aut terrw rnotu inde divulsarn
esse,eC verisirnile est.  Forma triangfliris, ita ut litt~raw,
quam Gracci Delta vocant, imaginem rel~rat. A tribus
promontoriis voca-tur Trfinacria. Nobiliss-imus ibi mons
IXtnaw f qui urbi Cat~anaw imminet, turn g ob altitudinern,
turn etiam oh ignes, quos effundit; quare Cyc1~purn in illo
rnonte officinarn esse poe*tne dicunt. Cine'res e crateribus
egesti agrurn circurnjacentern frecundurn. et ferficern redd~re existirnantur. Sunt ibi Pi5rurn carnpi, qui nomen
habent a du6bus juvenibus Catanensibus, qui, flamrnis
quondam repent6 ingruentibus, parentes seneetfite confectos, hume'ris sub1~tos, flammrnzel eripuisse feruntur.
Nornina fratrum Amphino'mus et Anapus fu~runt.
22. Inter urbes Siciline nulla est illustrior Syracflsis,
Corinthi~rurn colonia, ex quinque urblibus conflfita'. Ab
Atheniensibus bello petita, rnaxir1nas hostiurn copias dele-1
vit: Carthaginienses etiarn magnis interdum cladibus affdcit. Secundo bello Punifco per triennium oppugnata,
Archim~dis potiss-irni~r ingenio et arte defensa, a M.
Marcello capta est. Vic!nus huic urbi fons Arethfilso
Nyrnphne1 sacer, ad quarn A.Ipb~us amnis ex Peloponndso
per mare Toniurn lapsus* cornrissiirit dicitur. iNam si
quid ad Olympiarn in ilium amnern jacturn fue'rit, id in'
*SuL esse, ~ 47, 6. t Comrnissdri, in order to enjoy a ban.
quet," ~ 144, Obs. 2.
a 128;,R.         d 19, & ~107, R. X  g 124, 7.
b~140, Obs. 3.    e 97, 1,&4.         ~123, R.
r- 149, R. (ut, as,)  f~ 97, Exe. 1.  ~111, it.





NrATIONS9 OF ANTIQUITY.          1(


I G I


Arethusam fonte reddi.a De illci fabiilaA quid statuendum
s It b sponte apparet.
23. In mrla Lig ustico insdlia est Corsica, quam Graeci
Cyrnuni vocant. Terra aspe'ra multisque locis C invia,
ecwlum gyrave, mare circa  importudnum.  Jnco'lae,atrociniis deditiferi sunt et horridi. Mella quoque illius, insilke am5.ra esse dicuntur corporibusquee nocere. Proxima ei est Sardinia, quaý a Grrecis mercatoribus Ichniisa
voc5.tur, quia formam humfini vestigii habet. Solum f
quatm ccelum mnelius. Jilud kfertile, ho grave ac noxium. iNoxia quoque animalia herbasque veneniitas gignit. Multurn inde frumenti g Romam mitt-itur; unde hoec
insijia et Sicilia nutrices urbi*s VOCantur.
24. Grawcia nom-inis celebrit5Jze omnes fere' alias orbis
terrairum regi6nes supera-vit. Nulla enim magnorum ingeni~rum. h fuit feracior; neque ulla belli pacisque artes
maj6re studio'm excoluit. Plurimons e'adem colonias in
omnes terraw partes deduxit. Multiim iAdque terra manique valuit, et gravissima bella magna" cum gloria gessit.
25. Grawcia inter Jonium et /Egw~um mare porrig-itur.
In plunimas regi6nes divisa est, quarum J amplissimne sunt
Macedonia et Epirus - quamquam hw a nonnullis a Grwcia^ sejunguntur -tum Thessalia. Macedoniam Philippi
et Alexandni regnurn illusti-5vit; quorum ille '~ Grteciami
sub~git, hic k Asiam 1atissime" domuit, ereptunique Persisl
imperium in Macedo'nes transtiilit. Centum ejus regi6nis
et quinquaginta urbes nuinerantur; quarum i septuaginta
a Sup. dicitur.   e ~ 112, R. V.      ~129,2 R.
b ~ 140. 5, & 108,ý9. f ~101, Obs. 4.  i ~107, R. X.
e~ 136, Ohs. 5, (in) g ~ 106, R. VIII.  k ~ 28, Obs, 3, 3d.,
d ~ 90, 4.        h ~ 107, Ohs. 1. 1st. 1 5, 1, ~ 126.tR III





1609 -

162       OF THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE


dwN~s, Perseo, ultimo Macedonire rege, super5.to, Paullus
/Etmilius diripuit.,26. Epirus, qua, Ab Acrocerauniis inclipit montibus,
deshiit in Achel~o flum-ine. Plures earn popiili incolunt.
Illustris ibi Dod~na a in Moloss6rum fin-bus, vetustissimo
Jovis oraciilo inc1yta. Columbte ibi ex. arboribus oracilla
dedisse narrantur; quercusque ipsas et lebe-tes awneos
jude suspensos de5rurn volunt~tein tinnitu signiflca'sse b
Cama est.
27. Achel~i fluvii ostiis, insiike aliquot obj acent, quarum maxima est Cephallenia. Multw, prwterea insiilae
litt 0ri C Epiri adj a-cent, interque eas Corey-ra, quam Hoinerus Scheriam appella~sse existim~tur." In hh~c PhA.cas posuit ille et hortos Alcinoi. Coloniarn huc deduxibrunt Corinthii, quo t' eip6re Numa Pompilius Romaw
regn~.vit. Vicina ei Jthaca, Ulyssis patria, aspe'ra montibus, sed ilore-ri carminibus adeo nobilitiita, ut ne fe'rtilissirn~is quidem regionlibus cedat.f
28. Thessalia 1at e patet inter Macedoniam et Epirum,
fo~~cunda regio, generosis proecipiie equis exc enud
Thessal~rurn equit~tus celeberr-imus. Montes ibi memorabiles Olympus, in quo de~rum. sedes esse existimitur,d
Pelion et Ossa, per quos gigantes ecelum petivisse dicuntur; dI (lita denique, in cujus, vertice Hercules, rogo conscenso g se ipsum cremfivit. Inter" Ossarn et Olympum.
Pen~us, limpidissirnus aninis, delabitur, vallern amcenissi'mamn, Tempe vocfitam, irr-igans.
29. Inte r h relliquas Graeciae regi6n)es nom-inis claritfite'
eminet Att~ica, quw, etiam Atthis voc5,tur. Ibi Ath-naw,
z ~ 101, Obs. 4.  d ~ 145, Obs. 4.  g 104. 1.
b 97, 1.          e37),2d)& Note.   h 123, 3.
c ~ 112, IV       f ~140) 1, 1st.   1 ~128) i.





NATIONS OF. ANTIQUITY.13


163


de (pia' ibe deos inter se certa'sse farna est. Certius est,,
nuliarn unquarn urbem tot po&~tas ttdisse, tot orat~res, tot
phiilos-ophos, totque in omni virtfitis genere claros viros.
lies autem hello eas b gessit, ut huic soli c glorke d studere
vider~tur; pacisque artes ita excoluit, ut hac laude magis
etiatn qu~rn belli gloria' splende-ret. Arx ibi sive Acrop6]is e urbi imnminens, unde latus in mare prospectus patet. Per propyloar ad earn adscenditur,f splendidurn Peniclis opus  C        ais  urbe per longos muros conjectus
est portus Pirarnus, post helium Persicum secundum a
Themisto'cle munitus.  Tutiss-ima ihi statio e navium.
30. Atticam attingit Boeotia, fertiliss-ima regio. Inco-ke
magis corporilbus g valent qua'm ingenlis. Urbs celeherri -ma ThebW ee quas Amphlion musices1' ope moen'ibus
c1-nxisse dicitur. Illustravit earn Pindairi poe* t~eeingeDi1n um
Epaminonde virtus. M~ons e ibi Helicon, MUs~rum sedes,
et.Cithoeron plurimis po~itarurn fabiilis celebritus.
31. Bceotial Phocis finitima,' ubi Delphi urbs clarissima. In qua^ ufbe oraciilum Apollinis. quantam  apud omnes gentes auctorit5Xtem habue'rit, quot' qua-unque pralcidra mune'ra ex omni fer e terrarurn orbe iDelphos i naissa
fue'rint, nerno ign5rat. linmin et urbi Parnassus mons,
in cujus verticlibus Musa,, habitire dicuntur ),k irnde aqua
fontis Castaiii po~itdrum ingenia inflammiire existim~tur.k.32. Cum eaA parte Grrecial, quam hacte'nus descripsilmus, cobreret ingens peninsula, -quee Peloponn~sus vociitur, platiini folio' simillima. Angustus ille trames inter
a51, 2.          f Sup. a hominl bus,  140, 5.
b 28, 1.             67,2.           i13 0) 2.
C 16, 4.          g~ 128, R.         k ~145, Obs. 4
d~~ 112, R. V.     h ~ 9, Greek nouns. 1~ 111, R.
e  101, Obs. 4





164


164       OF THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE


~Xgaeurn mare et lonium, per quem, cum Megar-ide coha-,
ret, isthmus appel1fitur.  In eo templum Neptfini est, ad
quod ludi celebrantur Jsthm-ici. Ibidem, in ipso Pelopon.n~si ad-itu, Corinthus sita est, urbs antiquiss'lia, ex cujus
summ a arce, (Acrocorinthon!'appellant,--) utrumque mare
conspic-itur. Quum oplibus flor~retoc maritimisque va1e-ret
copiis, gravia bella gessit. In hello Achaico, quod Romfifli cum Gre3ecis gessefunt, puicherrim-a urbs, quam Cicero
Gxroecire lumen appellat, a L. Mummio expugnita" funditusque deR~ta est. Restituit earn Julius Ctesar, colonosque e e6 milites veterdnos misit.
33. Nob-ilis est in Peloponn~so urbs. Olympia, templo
Jovis Olympii ac statua^ illustris. Statua f ex ebo're facta,
Phidiae summi artificis opus puiestantiss'imum. Prope g
illud templum ad Alphe-i fluminis ripas Judi celebrantur
Olympici, ad, quos videndosl ex tota^ Graecia^ concurritur.' Ab his ludis Grawca gens res gestas suas nune~rat.
34. Nee Sparta pra~tereunda-i est, urbs nobiliss-ima,
quam. Lycurgi leges, civiumque virtus et patientia illustrivitk iNulla fere* gens bellica^ laude magis floruit,
pluresque viri-os fortes constantesque genuit. Urbi imminet monls Tayge'tus, quirn usque ad Arcadiam procurrit.
Prox-im, e urbem g Eur6tas fluvius delabitur, ad cuj us ripas
Spartfini se exerc~re sol6bant. In Sinum, Laconicum
effuriditur. ilaud procul inde abest promontorium TawnaJrum, ubi al tissilmi specus, per quos. Orpheum, ad infgros descendisse n narrant.
35. Mare X gaeum, inter 0Grmeciam. Asiamque patens,
a 17,72.-         g ~ 136, Obs. 5. ad.  k~ 102, Obs. I
b ~ 10, Greek nouns. h 112, 7.       1 ~128,ý R.
c~ 140, Obs. 4.   iSup. ab hominl-     35, 1.
d 115, 1.            bus, 671 2.       97, 1
e116, Obs. 1.    J 108, 1.         0 123, 30
~101, Obs. 4.





WATIONS OF ANTIQUITY.            I~


165


pluriniis inst'1is distinguitur. JIlustres, inter eas sunt CyrcI'ades, sic appe11itae, quia in orbem jacent. Media e5xum a
est IDelus, quve repent6 e mari eni~ta esse diclitur. lIn e"a
uniia Lat~na Apo11-inemn et Didnam pepe'rit, quwe nurnina
ibi una' cum matre summa' religi~ne coluntur. Urbi irnmilnet Cynthus, mons excelsus, et arduus. In~pus, amnis
pariter cum Nibo decresce're et aug~ri dicitur. Mercfitus
in Delo celeberrimus, qu6d ob porufs CORI m odititeni ternplique reiigi6nein mercat~ies, ex toto orbe terr5;rur eo'
conflu~bant. lEandem ob causam civitfites. Grawcin, post
secundum Persicum. bellum, tribfita ad belli usum in earn
insiilam, tanquam. in commidne totius Grneciw wa~raium5
confere-bant; quam. pecuniam insequenti tempo're Athenieases in suam urbem transtuk~runt.
36. Eubwea insijia litto'ri b Bceotine et Att-icaw praetend'i
tur, angusto freto a continenti distans. Terrne motu a
Bneotiat avulsa esse creditur; saepi1e-s earn concussarn esse
constat. Pretum, quo a Grwecia sejung'itur, vociitur Eunipus, snevum et awstuo3surn mare, quod continuo motu agititur. Nonnulli dicunt septies quovis die statis tempor-ibus fluctus alterno motu agitiri; alii hoc negant, dicentes, mare teme're in venti modum. huc illuc movebri. Sunt,
qui narrent, d Aristote'Iem philoso'phum, quia hujus miradiii causas investig5.re non posset,e ~rtdn   ofcu
esse.
37. Jam ad Bore *iRes, regi5nes. perg~musYf Supra Ma-.
cedoniam. Thracia porrigitur a Ponto Euxino usque ad
Illyriam.. Regio frigida etinius tautim partibus fcecundior, quaw propi~res sunt manl. Pomif~rw, arbo-res, raraw;
Crequenti~res vites; sed avzTe non maturescunt, nisi frigus
a ~ 107, R. X.    c 97, 1.           e ~ 141, Obs. 8.
b ~ 126, R. III   d ~ 141; R. I.     f773 7)&~453 1.1





166


166       OF THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE


studi~se' arcktur. Sola Thasus, insiila litto'ri Thraciae adjacens, vino excellit.  Amnes sunt celeberrimi Hebrus,
ad quem Orpheus a Moeiadilbus discerptus esse- dic-itur,
Nestus et Strymon. Montes altiss-imi, Rewmus, ex cujus
vertice Pontus et Adria conspic-itur; Rhodo'pe et Orb~us.
38. Plures Thraciam gentes inco1unt nominlibus (liversw, et morbs    Inter has Getae omnium suat ferocissimi
et ad mortem paratiss-imi.a An-imas enim post mortem
redlitaras existimant.  Recens nati apud eos deflentur;
fune'ra autem cantu lusifique celebrantur. Plures sigil
ux~res habent. lire oinnes, viro defuncto, mactari simulque cum eo sepeliri cupiunt, magn~que id certamine a
judici-bus c ontendunt.  Yirgines non a parent-ibus traduntur viris, se(1 aut publice' ducendClae d locantur, aut veneunt. Form6sre in pretio sunt; ceteraw maritos merc~de
dataA inveniunt.
39. Inter urbes Thracire memorabille est Byzantium, ad
B osp 0rum Thracium, urbs natfira' munita et arte, qua3cih UmI
oh soli fertiltitzem~tum oh vicinit5,tem manis, ommium rerum, quas vita requirit, copia' abundat. Nee Sestos prr-mtereunda, est silentio, urbs ad ilellespontum posita, quam
amor Heruis et Leandri memorab-ilem reddildit; nee Cynoss~ma, tumu'1us JHecu'bwe, ubi illa, post Trojam diri'tam~f in
canem mutita et sepulta. esse diclitur. Nomen etiam habet
in iisdem regionibus urbs IýEnos, ab A~ne-a^ e patria' prof~ioo cond-ita; Zone, ubi nem6ra Orpheum canentem
seciita esse narrantur; Abd~ra denlique, ubi Diom~des
rex adve'nas equis suis devorandos d objici~bat, donec ipse
ab Herciuile iisdem objectus est. Qure g urbs quum randrum muriumque multitud-ine infestarktur, inco'ke, relictoh
a ~ lll  Obs. 3.  d  107,7 1.      g  38, 1.
b 26, 6.         e 124, 8.         h 104,1.
6 124, Obs. 2.  f 14 6, O bs. 2





NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY.            7


167


patria? solo, novas sedes, quawsiv~runt. lbs Cassander,
rex Macedonia-- in societ5.tein accepisse, agrosque in extr-ma~a Macedonia" assigna-sse dic-itur.
40. Jam de Scythis pauca dicenda sunt. Terminitur
Scythia ab uno late're Porito Euxino, ab alte'ro montibus
IRhipweis, a tergo Asia' et Phas~ide fluniine. Vasta regio
nullis fere" intus, finilbus divid-itur. Scythaw enim. nec,
agrum. exercent, nec certas sedes habent, sed armenta et
pecora pascentes per incultas solitudines, errdre solent.
Ux~res liberosque secum. in plaustris, vehunt.  Lacte et
melle vescuntur; aurum. et argentum, cujsnllsau
eos usus est, aspernantur.  Corpdra pell-ibus b vestiunt.
41. Diversaw sunt Scyth~rum gentes, diversique mores.
Sunt, qui fune'ra parentum, festis sacrificiis celebrentC
eorumque capit'ibus d affabre' expolitis aur~que vinctis pro
pocilsutatr      Aahrsi ora et corp'ra pingunt, idque I tanto* magis, quanto quis illustrioribus gaudet ma-~
joribus. Ii, qui Taur-icam. Chersone-sum inco-lunt, antiquissimis temporibus advenas Di~nae mactibant. Interii'is habitantes cete'risf rudi5res sunt. Bella amant, et
quo g quis plures hostes interemerit, eo g maj6re existimati6ne apud suos h hab~tur. Ne fiede'ra quidem. incruenta
sunt. Sauciant se qui paciscuntur, sanguinemque permis-.
turn degustant. Td fidei pignus certiss-imum esse putant.
42. Maxima fluminum Scythic~rumn sunt Ister, qui et
IDanubius vocfitur, et Borysthe'nes. IDe Istro supra dic-.
tumn est.' Borysth~nes, ex ign~tis font-ibus ortus, liqui*Tanto magis quanto quis; literally, "1more by so much as any
one," (~ 132, Obs. 5,) i. e. "1in proportion as," &c.
a 17, 1.             7.4.            g 22, 4 & 44, 7.
b ~125) R.        cSup.faciunt.      h 19, 3.
e ~141),R.IL      f 6. 3.            '85),3
d ~ 121, R. XXVI. &





169 -

J6~       OF THE GEOGRAPHY AND, THE


(lissirnas aquas trahit et pot5,tU a jucundas. Placid us ideni
hetissima pabu'la alit. Magno spatio navigab-ilis juxta
urbem Borysthen-ida b in Ponturn effunditur.
43. Ultra Rhipareos montes. et Aquil5niem gens habitfire
existim~tur felicissima, llyperbor~os e appellant. Regio
aprica, felix cceli temperies, omnique affl5tu~d noxio carens.
Semel in anno sol uis or-itur soistitio,' bruma^ semel occildit. Jncoi'aw in nernoribus et lucis habitant; sine omnni.
discordfih et Eegritudine vivunt. Quum vitref eos toedet,
epiilis sumiptis '; ex rupe se in mare praiecipitant, Hoc
enim sepultfiraT genus beatissirnum esse existiniant.
44. Asia cete'ris terroe partibus hi est aniplior. Oce'anus
earn alluit, ut locis ita nomin-ibus diff~rens; Ebus ab oniente, a meridie Ind-icus, a septentri6ne Scythiceus. Aske
nomine appellfitur etiam peninsula, quaw a mani ]Egao
usque ad Armeniam patet. In hac parte est Bithynia ad
Propont-Idem sita, ubi Granicus in mare effund-itur, ad dquemn
amnem Alexander, rex Ma cedoniw, prirnan victoriam de
Persis report5.vit.  Trans illum amnem  sita est Cyz'icus
in cervice peninsiiloe, urbs, nobiliss-ima, a Cyz-ico appelli-.
ta, quip in illis regionibus ab Argonautis pugna occisus
est. ilaud procul ab ill A urbe Rhynd'acus in mare effunditur, circa quem angues nascuntur, non solcim ob magnitud-inern mirabiles, sed etiarn ob id, quo~d, qunin ex
aqua emei'gunt et hiant, supervolantes aves absorbent.
45. Propontis cum. Ponto jung-itur per Bospo'rum,'
quod fretuni quinque stadia i latum Eur~pain ab Asia^ sepiirat. pssCin faucibus Bosp'ri oppidu   s   hl~o,
a ~148,2, R114, 2. e ~131, R. XL.    ~129, Obs. 2.
b ~ 15,4.         f~ 113 Exc. II, &  J ~ 132, R. XLII.
Sup. quam         66,5.          k 32, 6.
~ 116, Obs. 1.  g 104, i.         I Sup. condita.
d ý121 R. XXV.    h 6,3.





NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY.16


169


ab Argia, Megarensium principe, et tenpiurn Jovis, ab
Jas6ne conditurn. Pontus ipse ingens e'st mnars sinus,
nion molli a neque aren6so Circulmdatus littkre,ternpestatfib ush obnoxius, raris station-ibus.c- O1m ob sawvit~tern popLilorum, qui circa' habitant, Axe'nus appellkitus fuisse dicitur; postea, mollitis ihllrurn morlibus, dictus est Euxinus.
46. In litt6r~e Ponti, in Mariandyn~rum agro, urbs est
lleracl~a, ab 1-ercijie, ut fertur, cond-ita. Juxta earn spelurica.est Acherusia, quarn ad Manes perviam esse exist1f
rnant.d Ilinc Cerbe'rus ab Herciuie extractus fuisse dic-itur.
Ultra fluvium Therm odonta Mossyni hab-itant. Hi totum
corpus distinguunt notis. Reges suffi-agio eligunt; eosdem
in turre lignea. incilfisos arctissimn" custodiunt, et, si quid
perperain imperitave'rint,e mnedia totius di6i afficiunt.
Extr~mum    Ponti angiilum  Coichi tenent Iad Phas-idern;
qure f loca fabiila. de vehllere aureo et Argonautdrurn ex47. Inter provincias A.siaw proprie' dictae illustris est
Ilonia, in duode'eim civitdtes (hivisa. Inter eas est Mil~tus,
belli pacisque artihus incljyta; elique 'vicinurn Panionium,
sacra regio, qu.6" o mnes I.6num civit5ites statis temporibus
leg~itos sol~bant mitte're. iNulla facile' 9 urbs plures cobonias misit, qua'm Mi1~tus. Ephe'si, quam f urbemn Amazo-_
nes condidisse traduntur, ternplum est Di5.nare, quod- septern mundi miraciilis annurneriri solet. Totius templi
longitfid o est quadringent~rum  viginti quinque pedum,'c
latitfido ducent6rum viginti; columnae centurn vigint-i septern numero, sexaginta pedum altitudine; h ex uis triginta
%ex czelatae.  Opedni prnufuit Chersiphron architectus.
a16),6.          e 74, 6, and       g ~ ~134),Obs. 6)2M..
b ~ 111,y R.        ~ 101, Obs. 1.   hi ~ 128,P R.
c ~106, R. VII.    f37;4.         ~     1121 R.J1,
4 ~ 101, Obs.. 1.
15





1170


170       OF THE GEO4GRAPHY AND THE


4-9 AYh5Iis olim Mysia appeIIlta,a et, ubi Hehllesp on tu i
atunigit, Troas. Ibi Ilium fuit situm ad radices montis
Ma~e, urbs bello, quod per decem annos cam miiversa'
Grawcia- gessit, clarissima. Ab Idaoeo monte Scamander
defluit et Sim 6is, amnes fam"a qua'm natir a^ rnaj 6res. Ipsum
niontem certiimen de~rum Paridisque judicium illustrem
eddidit. In litto're clarze sunt,urbes Rhcet~am et Dardania; sed sepuicrurn Ajicis, qai ibi post cert5.men cum
Ulysse gladio, incubuit, utraque b dlarius.
49.   Tonibas c Cares sunt finit-imi, poplus arm6rum d
bellhique adeo6 amans, at alina etiam bella merce-de accepta" gereretie Princeps Cariae urbs " Hilaicarnassus, Argivorum colonia, regum sedes ohim. Unus e~ruin Maus6las fuit.  Qui f quum vit AV defunctus esset, Artemisia
conjux desiderio, mariti flagrans, ossa ejus cineresque contfisa cum aqu A miscait ebibitque, splIendidumque prreterea
sepuicruin exstruxit, quod inter septem orbis terrkrum
miracu'la cense-tur.
50. Cilicia sita est in int-imo recessu, manis, ubi Asia
proprie' sic dicta cum  Syria conjung-itur.  Sinus ille ab
urI* Isso, Iss-ici nomen habet. Fluvius ibi Cydnus aqua^
limpidissia et frigidisslima", in quo Alexander Mace'do
luum lava-ret,i parum abfuit, quin frigo're enecare-tur.)
Antrum Corycium in iisdem region-ibus ob singulirem
natfiram memorabile est. Ingenti iliad hiEWt patet in
monte ardluo, alteque demissuin undique viret lucis pen-'
-de'ntibus. Ubi ad ima k perventum est,' rursus aliud antriim
aperitur.  Ibi sonitus cymbal6ram  ingredientes k terr~re
a~ 10 1, Obs. 4.  e ~ 140, 1, 1st.  i~ 140, Ohs. 4.
b Sup. urbe.      f 39, 1.          i~140, 3.
C~ 111,IR.        g ~ 121, R. XXVI.  k 19,6, &19),1.
d~~~~ 17.IX    ~ 106, R. VII.      67 5





NATIONS OF ANTIQUIiTY.            7


171


dic-1tur.. Totus hic specus atigustus est et vere sacer, e
a diis habita-ri existimatur.
61. E Cilicia" egressosa Syria exclipit, cujus pars est
Plicenice in litto're maris interni pos-ita. Hanc regibnemn
sollers homlinum genus colit. Phcenices eriim lte~u
formas a se inventas aijis popiil-is tradide-runt; alias etiam
artes, quap ad navigati~nem et mercatfirain spectant, studii~s colu~runt. Cete'riim fertilis regio b creb risque flumin'ibus rig~ta, quo-rum ope terrwe marisque opes facil1i negotio
inter se epermutantur. INobilissima-e Phcenices urbes Sidon, ante'quam a Persis caper~tur, maritimfirum urbium
mnax~ima; et Tyrus, agge're cum terra conjuncta. Purpiirab
hu~jus urbis omnium pretiosissima. Conficitur ille coloi
ex succo in conchis, quo,::) etiam' purpiirw vocantur, latente.
52. Ex Syria' descenditur'in Ar'abiam, peninsiilarn inter duo maria, Rubruin et Persicum, porrectam. Hujus
ea pars, quoe ab urbe Petra Petrnece nomen acce-pit, plane'
est steril1is; hane excipit ea, qun-e ob vastas solitudines
iDeserta voc5~tur. His partibus adhw-eret Arabia Felix,
regio angusta, sed cinndmi',e thuris alioruinque od~rum,
feracissima. Multce ibi gentes sunt, quaw fixas sedes non
babeant f N'om'ades a Gruecis appelldtae.  Lacte g et carnie fer-ina' vescuntur. Multi etiam Ara~buin popiili latroeiniisg.vivunt. Primus e Romdnis IElius Gallus in hano
terrain cum exercitu penetra~vit.
53'. Cam~los inter armenta pascit Oriens. Duo haruin
sunt genera, Bactridnre et. Arabire  lel bina habent in
dorso tube'ra, brelh singiila; unum autem sub pecto-re, cui
incumbant. Dentium ord-ine' superiore carent. Sitim
a 19,ý 1.          e ~ 107, R. IX.      and Ohs. 2.
b ~ 101 Obs. 4.     ~ 141, Ohs. 3.  hi ~ 28, Ohs. 3. 3d,.
a~2)Ohs. 5.     g ~121, R. XXVI.   ~ 121, R. XXV.
d 67, 6.





Jr,0
iw


V'2      OF THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE


q iatriduo tole'rant; aquam, antequarn bibant~a pedfibus
turbant.  Vivunt quinquagednis anhlis; b quawdam. etiam
cente'nis.
54. Ex Arabia' perven-Itur in Babyloniam., cui Babylon
nornen dedit, Chaldaic arumn gentium, caput, urbs et magnitudine et divitiis clara. Semir'amis earn con dide'rat, Ye],
ut multi credid~runt, Belus, dujus regia, ostend"itur. Murus exstructus laterciilo C coctili,' triginta et duos pedes d
est latus, ita ut quadrigam inter seeI occurentes sine periciilo comnmea-re dicantur; altit(ido ducent6rum, pedum; turres autemn denis b pedilbusf~ qua-tm  murus alti~res sunt.
Totius ope'ris ambitus sexaginta millia passuum. complectitur. Mediam. urbemn g permeat Euph~ites. Arcem. habet viginti stadi~rum.l ambitu; "super eai pens-iles horti
conspiciuntur, tantoeque sunt moles tamque firmoe, ut
oner'a nemorurn sine detrimento ferant.
55. Amplissima Asiaw regio J ndlia prim ctm patefacta est
armis Alexandri Magni, regis Macedonire, cujus exemnplurn success~res seculti in interi~ra ' Indiae pen etra-vdrunt.
Ineo tractu, quem Alexander -sube-git, quinque millia oppid5rum fuisse,' gentesque novem, Indiamque tertiam
part em esse "n terrairum omnium, eýjus comites scrips~runt.
Jiogentes ibi sunt arnues, Indlus et Jndon major Ganges.
InduLs in Paropamiso ortus undeviginti amnes recipit,
totidem. Ganges interque eos plures navigabiles.
56. Maxima in Indi" gignuntur animalia. iCanes ibi
grandi~res c~ete'ris." Arbo-res tantw procer1itjjtis h esse traduntur, ut sagittis superjaci nequeant. Hoc efficit, uber
a ~140, 4.        e ~28, Obs. 5.     i97, R.
b ~ 131, R. XLI.  f ~ 132, R. XML.  k 19 6.
and ~ 24, 11.  g ~ 136, R. LII.   1 98, 2.
C~128, Obs. 2.   h ~ 106, R. VII.  m  96, 2.
d~ 132, R. XLII.  i ~ 128,ý R.       n611.





NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY.17


173


tas soli, temnperies ccnli, aquarrumn abundantia. Imm5,nes
quoque serpentes alit, qui elephantos morsu et ambitu
corporis conficiunt. Solum tarn pingue et ferax, ut me]]a frondibus a defluant )b sylvaw lanas ferant, b arundinum
internodia. fissa. cymbarumn usum prawbeant, binosque, quawdamn etiain ternos e hom-ines, vehant.
57. Jncol~rum habitus nioresque diversi. Linod alii vestiuntur et lanis arb~rurn, aiji ferarum aviumque pellibus,
pars nudi e jflceUunt.f Quidam animalia occide're eorumque
carnibus vesci nefas g- putant; all]i pisc-ibus tantfim aluntur. Quidamn parentes et propinquos, priiis quarrn annis
et macie conficiantur," velut hostias caedunt eorumque visceribus' epulantur; ubi senectus eos inorbusve invfidit,
mortem in solitu(Iine awquo amimo exspectant. Iii, qui sapientiam profitentur, ab ort~u solis ad occ~sum stare solentf,,
solem immobilibus ocillis intuentes; ferventibus ar~nisi toto (lie k alternis pedibus' insistunt. Mortem non exspectant,sed sponte arcessunt in rogos incensos se pralecipitantes.
58. Maximos India elephantos gignit, ade~que fer5ces,
ut Afri elephanti illos paveant, nec contu~ri audeant.h
Hoc animal cetera onitnia docilit~te supe'rat. iDiscunt arma
jace~re, gladiat~rum more congre(Ii, saltdre et per funes incede're. Plinius narrat, Romw unum segnioris ingenii m
siepius castigiitum. esse verberibus, quia tardii~s" accipie--
bat, quae tradebantur; eundemrn epertuim esse noctu ea'dern
meditantem. Elephanti greg5ttim semper ingyrediuntur.
iDucit agmen m aximus natu,0 cogit is, qui wtdte ei est
a ~ 136, R. LII.  g Sup. esse, &51, 5. 1'~ 129, IR.
b ~ 140, 1,1 st.   ~ 140,4.         m~106, Rt. VII.
c26, 1.          i~121,O0b s. 2.   n 22, 3.
d ~126, R. V.     i~13 6,Ob s.5, (in)  ~26, 6, Note &
e~ 98, Exc. 2.   k ~ 131, R. XLI.     128, R.
f~ 102, R. IIL





174


174       OF THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE


proximus. Amnem transitiiri minkimos prauihittunt. C-apiuntur foveis. In has ubi ele-phas dlecide-rit,a cete'ri ramos
congerunt, aggeres construunt, omnique vi conantur extrahe're. Domantur fame et verberibus. iDomiti militant et
turres barmat~rum, in hostes ferunt, magnaque ex parte
Orientis bella conficiunt. Totas acies prosternunt, armatos prot~runt. Ingens dentibuseCpretium. In Grrecia ebur
ad de6rurn simul~cra tanquam. pretiosissima materia ad hibe-tur; in extrýMis d Africwe postium vicem in domiciliis
prrebet, sepesque in pec'orum stabiilis elephant6rum dentibus I fiunt.. Inter omniia animalia  maxim e od~runt 9
murem. Infestus elephanto etiam rhinoceros, qui nomen
habet a cornu, quod in naso, genit. In pugna* maxime'
adversarii alvum petit, quam scit esse molli~rem. Longitudine elephantum. fer6 exwquat; crura multo brevi6ra;
color buxeus.
59. Etiam Psitta-cos India mittit. llaec avis huma.nas
voces optime' reddit. Quum loqui discit, ferreo radio
verber~tur, al-iter enim non sentit ictus. Cap-itili ejus
eddem est duritia, quwe rostro.h Quum dev6lat, rostro se
excipit, eique mnnit-itur.
60. Testud-ines tantue magnitudinis Indicum mare em-ittit, ut singulirum te-stis' casas inte'g)ant.j InsiilaS k rubni
praecipu6 manis his navigant cymbis. Capiuntur obdormiscentes in SUMMA aqua^, id I quod proditur stertentium
sonitu. Turn terni adn'atant, a du6bus in dorsum ve~rtitur, a tertio laqueus injicitur, atque ita -a pluribus in litti~re stantibus trah-itur. In mani testudines conchyliis vi\Tunt; tanta enim onis est duritia, ut lap-ides comminuant;1
a ~140, 5,&k74, 6.  c~128, Obs. 2.   ~125, R.
b Sup. plenas, full  f ~ 107, Obs. 8.  i ~ 140, 1, 1st.
~ 107, R. XI.    g ~84, Obs. 2.    k ~ 130,2,&kObs. 10
e~110, R.        h~112. R. II1.    1 37ý 9, Note 3.





NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY.          14


175,in terrain egressae, herbis!a Pariunt ova ovis avium simi-,
Ila, ad centnah nuro; eaque extra aquam. defossa' terra cooperiunt.
61. Margaritaý Indfici oce'ani omiB  max-ime laudan.
tur Inveniuntur in conchis scopu'i'is adhrerent-ibus. Maxima laus est in cand~re, magnitudmne, 1aev~re, ponde're.
Raro" duae inveniuntur, quaw sibi ex omni parte sint sirniles.  Has auribus'd suspende're,e feminiirurn est gloria.
Duos max-imos uni5nes Cleopatra, X~gypti regina, habuisse dicitur. ilorurn unum, ut Antonium, magnificentia^
superaret~f in coena ac~to solvit, solaltumt hausit.
62. i~gyptus, inter Catabathmum et Ardbas pos-ita, a
plur-imis ad Asiamn refertur; alii Asiam Arablico sinu terminari existimant. Hwe regie, quanquam expers g est imbriurn, mire' tamen est fert-ilis. Hoe Niuns efflicit, omnium
fluvi5rum, qui in mare internum. effunduntur, maximus.
Hue in desertis Africaa oritur, turn ex X~thiopia^ descendit
in uIEgyptum, ubi de altis rupibus praecipitiitus usque ad
Elephant-idem urbem fervens adhuc decurrit. Turn demum
fit placidior. Juxta Cercas6rum, opp-idurn in plures, amnes divid-itur, et tandem per septem ora effund-itur in mare.
63. Niuns, nivibus in X1 thiopiae montlibus soliltis, orescere incipit Luna^ nova' post soistitium per quinquaginta
fere' dies; totidem di~us minuitur. Justum incrementumn
est cubit5rum," sede-cim.'Si min6res sunt aquae, non omnia
rigant. Maximum incrementum fuit cubit~rum, h duodeviginti; min-imum quinque. Quum, stet~re aqure, aggeres
aperiuntur, et arte aqua in agros immittlitur. Quuin omRis recessefrit,' agri irrig5.ti et limo obducti seruntur.
a~121, Obs. 2, (Vi. d ~ 123, R.    g ~ 107, R. X1.
vunt.)         e ~ 144, 1, & R. LVI. h ~ 106, R. VII
b ~24t,11.         ~ 140, 1,2d.      '74.6.
c~ 135, R. XLVII.





176


176       OF THE GEO&iIRAPI{Y AND THE


64. Niluis crocod-flum alit, bellu am quamlrtqp~iem, in
terra' non1 min-us qua'm in flurnine horninilbus infest-a-ri
Unurn hoc animal terrestre lingucT usu a caret; denthiur
plures habet ord-ines; maxilla inferior est inunob-ilis. M/acynitud-ine exc~dit plerfimque duodeviginti cubita. PaMit
5va anseri-nis b non maj~ra. Unguibus etiain armfitus est,
et cute contra omnes ictus invicta". Dies in terra agit,
noctes in aqua".  Qnurn satur est, et. in littdre somnurný
capit ore hiante, trochilus, parva avis, dentes ei C faucesque purgat. Sed hiantem. conspic5,tus ichneumnon, per
easdemn fauces ut telurn al-iquod immissus, er5dit atlvumn.
Hebe'tes ocu'1os diclitur habe-re in aqua^, extra aquam acerrimos. Tentyritaw in in~iila ANili habitantes, dirae huic
belluee d obvia'm ire audent, eamque incredibili audacia"
expugnant.
65. Aliam etiarnbelluam, Niunsalit, hippopotamum;
ungiii binis, dorso e equi et jubh" et hinnitu; rostro resimo, cauda et dentibus apr~rum. Cutis imp enetrabilis,
prreterquam si hum~re madeat!f Primus hippopot'amuin
et quinque crocodilos M. Scaurus redilitiltis sure ludis g
]Romre ostendit.
66. Multa in Y7gypto mira sunt et artis et natfirae ope'ra. Inter ea, quae manibus hominum facta stint, eminent
pyramides, quarum maximre sunt et celeberrilmr in monte
sterili inter Memphin oppidurri et earn partem. I~gypti,
quoe Delta voc5.tur. Amplissirnam efirurn trecenta sexaginta sex hominum 1 millia annis viginti exstruxisse tra.duntur. lirc octo juge'ra soli occiipat; unumquodque
Latus octingentos octoginta. tres pedes ' longum est; alti..
a~121, R. XXV.    d ~135,) R. XLVII. g ~~131, R. XL.
~~106, Obs. 4, &  e ~ 106, R. VII.  b ~ 10 7, R. X.
19, (ovis. 6,3.)  f ~ 140, 1, 2d;,&74,2. i~ 132. R. XLII.
C~ 110 Obs. 1.





NATION'S OF AINTIQUJITY.17


177


tildo a cacumnine pedurn a quinde-eim millium. Intus in e a
est puteus octoginta sex cubit~rum.a Ante has pyramides,Sphinx est posita mirm magnitudinis.al Capitis, anibituscentumn duos pedes habet; longittido est pedum centurn
quadraginta trium; altitfido a ventre usque ad suminuni
capitis ap-icem sexaginta du6rum.
67. Inter miracilla AEgypti cornmemora-tur etiam Moeris lacus, quingenta millia b passuum in circu-itu patens;
Labyrinthus ter mulle dornos et regias duode'cim uno parie'te amplexus, totus marmore  exstructus tectusque;
turnis denique in insuila' Pharo, a Ptolemw-o, Lagi filuo,
cond-ita.  Usus d ejus navibus e noctu ignes ostende-re ad
prawnuntianda f vada portfisque introitum.
68. In palustribus JEgypti regionibu papru  nactur. Radic'ibus inco'ke pro ligno utuntur; ex ipso autem
papyro na'vigia, texunt, e libro vela, tege'tes, vestem ac
funes. Succi causa^ etiani mandunt rnod6" crudum, modo"
decoctum. Praeparantur ex eo etiam chartre. Chartre ex
papyro usus post Alexandri demum victorias repertus est.
Prirni0 enimn scriptum 9 in palmirum foijis, deinde in libris
quarun dam arb'orum; postea publica monimenta plumbeis
tabililis h conf ici, aut marmori'bus imand5.ri cwepta sunt.
Tandem remulatio regum Ptolemawi et Eume'nis in bibliothe-cis condendis occasi6nem dedit membrinas Pergiimi
inaveniiendi. Ab eo, inde tempo're libri mod6'j in charta^
ex papyro facta, modo6 in membr5.nis scripti sunt.
69. Mores incol~xrum igypti ab ali6rumn popul~rum
moribus vehementer discre'pant. Mortuos nee cremant,
nee sepeliunt; ver Am arte mediciitos intra penetralia cola~106, R. VII.  d ~ 10 Obs. 4.   h ~ 136, Obs. 5, (in)
b ~ 132, R. XLII. &  e ~123j R.    i ~126)'R. Ill.
~ 24, 5.        f 112. 7.j 124. 12.
~ 128, Obs. 2.  g Sup. est, 67. 6.





178


178       OF THE~ GEOGRAPHY AND THE


]6cant.  Negotia extra domos ferniinaw yvir domos et res
dom-esticas curant; one'ra ilke hume'ris, hi capitilbus ger unt.  Colunt effigies mult6rum  animalium et ipsa. animalia. H~aec interfecissea cap itil e est; inorbo exstincta
lugent et sepeliunt.
70. Apis omnium I-dgypti popul6rum numen est; bos,
niger, cum cand-idAA in dextro late're maciilA^; nodus sub linguaqe      canthru    apellant. Non fas est eum certos
vitae annos excede're. Ad hunec vitae term-inum quum per-.venerit, mersum in fonte ene'cant. Nec5~tum lugent,.aliumque quaerunt, quem ei substituant;b nee tamen unquam
diu. quoeritur. Delfibra ei sunt gemina,quoe thaldmos vocant, ubi poptilus auguria captat. Alte'rum C intra~ssea*
koetum est; in alte'ro dira portendit. Pro bono etiam habetur signo, si e rnanibus consulentium cibum capit. In
publ-icum procedenteni gre~x puer~rum comit5.tur, carmenque in ejus hon~rem canunt,d idque vid~tur intelligere.
71. Ultra XZgyptum IXthio-pes habitant. Horuin popilli quidam Macro-bji vocantur, quia paul6 quh-m nos diutiiis vivunt. Plus auri eapud eos reperitur, quarn oeris;,
hanc oh causam aes illis -ide-tur pretiosius. ZXre se exornant, vinciila auro f fabrnicant. Lacus est apud eos, cujus
aqua tam est liquilda atque levis, ut nihul e~rum, quae immittuntur, sustin~re queat; quare arbo-rum quoque folia
non inna~tant aquae, sed pessum aguntur.
72. Africa ab oriente terminitur Nibo; a cete'ris parti-1
bus mani. Regi~nes ad mare pos-itaw eximie sunt fertilles;
inteni~res incultae et are-nis sterilibus tectoe, et oh nimium
*(Apim,) intraisse alterum, "for Apis to have entered the one,"~
Ictum est.
a ~144, R. LVI. &  c 19, (thaidlmurn).  e~ 106, R. VIII.
Exp,           d ~ 102,1 Obs. 4.  f~ 128,2 Obs. 2
b ~141, Obs. a





NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY.


179


cal6rem desertaae. Prima pars ab occidente est Mauritaniia. Ibi mons prwalatus Ab-la, Calpae monti in llispania
i~ppositus. Hi montes columnw Herci'1is appellantur.
Fama est, ante llercu'1em mare internum terris incifisum
fuisse, nec ex-itum habuisse in Oce'anum; llerciilem autem.
junctos montes diremisse et mare junxisse cum Oce'ano.
Cete'ruim regio illa est ignob-ilis et parvis tantirm oppidis
habitfitur. Solum. melius qua'm inc61aw.
73. Numidia magis culta et opulentior. Ibi sati~s longo
a litto're intervallo saxa cernuntur attr~ita fluctibus, spinee
piscium, ostreorumque fragmenta, anco-ra! etiani cautibus
infixaw, et alia ejusmo-di signa manis ohim usque ad ea loca
eff ilsi. Finitima regio, a promontorio Metagonio ad aras
Philamn~rum, propriei voc5itur Africa. Urbes in ea celeberrima, Utica let Carthigo, ambae a Phomnicibus conditae.
Carthagiinem divitkae, mercatfira' imprimis compar~ta, tum
bella cum Romfinis gesta, excidium denilque illustrfivit.a
74. iDe aris Philwn6rum haec, narrantur. Pertinacissima fue'rat contentio inter Carthagiinem et Cyr~nas de
fin-ibus. Tandem placuit~b utrinque e~dem temp'reoj~uve'ire mtt, t ocmquo convenissent, pro finibus hab~ri.
Carthaginiensium leg~ti, Phikeni fratres, pauEo ante ternpus constitiitum egressi esse dicuntur. Quod quum Cyrenensium 1eg5iti intellexissent, magna-que exorta e~sset contentio, tandem Cyrenenses dix~runt, se tum demum hune
locurn pro finilbus habitilros esse, si Phikoeni se ibi vivos
obrui passi essent. 111i conditirnem accep~runt. Carthaginienses autem anim6sis juven'ibus in illis ipsis locis,
abi vivi sepulti sunt, aras consecra-0runt, eorumque virtiltem awternis honoribus prosecfiti sunt.


-- ~ 102, Obs. L


~ 10, Ob. 1. b   91,,&p. itli. 80, 2.





OF THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE


"75. Inde ad Catabathmum. Cyr'enai'ca porrigitur, ubi
Ammo-nis oraciilum. et fons quidam, quem. Solis essea
dicunt. Wec fons medi A nocte fervet,) turn paulitim tepescit; sole oriente fit frig-idus; per meridiem max-irn' riget.
Catabathmus vallis est devexa versi'is XIgyptum. Ibi
finitur Africa. Prox'im'i his pop1'li urbes nion habent, sed
in tuguriis vivunt, quoe mapalia vocantur. Yulgus pecildum, vestitur pell-ibus.c Potus est lac sucetisque baccfirum; cibus caro. Interi5res etiam incultiiis vivunt. Sequuntur greges suos, utque hi pabililo ducuntur, ita illi
tug~uria sua prom.6vent. Leges nullas habent, nec in
commfine consultant. Inter hos Troglodytoe in specilbus
habitant, serpentibusque aluntur.
76. Ferdrum, Africa feracissima. Pardos, panth~ras,
1eo-nes gigpit, quod belluirum. genus Europa ign5rat.
Le5ni proecipua generositas. Prostrfitis parcere (licitur;
in infantes nonn-isi summa^ fame saievit. An-imi ejus index
cauda, quam, dum. placidus est, imm~tam. servat; dum,
irasc-itur, terrain et se ipsum, e A flagellat. Vis e sum ma
in pectore. Si fuge're cog-itur, contemptim, cedit, qu~in
diu spectiri potest; in silvis acerr-imo cursu fertur.9 \Tulneritus percussorem, noyit~he in quanat~libet multitudine
appetit. Hoc tam sawum animal gallina-cei cantus terI ret.
Domitur etiam ab hominilbus. Hanno Poenus prirnus
le~nem mansuefactum ostendisse dicitur. Marcus auteni
Antonius triumvir primus, post pugnam in campis PhilipPicis, Romae le~nes ad currum. junxit.
'77. Struthiocam~li Africi altitud-inem equitis equo iinsidentis exw-quant, celeritiitein vincunt. Peunne ad hoc
demum. videntur datre, ut currentes adjuiivent; nam a terra
a ~ 10 3, R. Sup. fon. d ~112, R. HI.  g 116, 3.
temn.           e ~101, Ohs. 4.   h 84, 3.
b ~44, 1. 1.      f33. 1.            i~112) R. 1V
z~ 126. R. V.





NATIONS OF ANTIQUITY.18


181


tolli non possunt..Ungiilaw cervinis a sunt similes. His in
fuga^ comprehendunt lapides, eosque contra sequentes jaculantur. Omnia conco'quunt. Cete'rirn magna uis h stoliditas, ita ut, quum, caput et collum. frut-ice occultave'rint, se 1ate-re existirnent.c- Pennae e~rurn quawruntur ad
orn fturn.
78. Africa serpentes gene'rat Ui~ir       cubit~rurn;
nec rnin~res India. Certe' Megasthe'nes scribit, serpentes ibi in tantam magnitudlinem adolesce're, ut S01idlos
hauriant cervos taurosque. In prirno Punico bello ad
flurnen Bagr'adam, serpens centum. viginti pedum, e- a Reg5ilo, imperat~re Romino, ballistis et tormentis expugn5ita esse fertur. Pellis ejus et maxi11ae diu Romae in tern-.
plo quodlam. asservdtre, sunt. In India serpentes perpetuurn beflum. curn elephantis' gerunt. lEx arboribus se in
pra~tereuntes f prwecipitant gressusque ligant nodis..lbs
nodos elephanti manu resolvunt. At drac~nes in ipsas g
elephant~rurn nares caput condunt spiritumque prawcliidunt; plerluimque in ill A dimicati6ne utrique commoriuntur, dum 'rictus e1e'phas corruens ". serpentemn ponde're
suo elidit.
a 18, (ungiizlis,) &  140, 1, 1st.    f19, (illos.)
~ 106 Ohs. 4.     d 26,1.           g 32, 6.
b 6112) R. II.      ~106, R. VII.     h ~146, Ohs. 6.
16










DICTIONARY.


EXPLANATION OF ABBREVIATIONS.
ad,      adjective,        fr.       from.          obsol.  obsolete.
ado      adverb.          freg.      frequentative,  ord.   ordinal.
app,     appendix.         nc.      inceptive,      part.   participle.
c.      common gender,    ind.       indeclinable,  pass.   passive.
conj.    conjunction.     imp.       impersonal,    pl.     plural.
compar. comparative.      int.      interjection,   prep.   preposition.
d.       doubtful gender,  intr.     intransitive.  pret.   preteritive.
def.     defective,       irr.       irregular.     pro.    pronoun.
dep.     deponent.        m.         masculine,     rel.    relative.
dim.     diminutive.      n.         neuter.        subs.   substantive
dis.     distributive,    neut. pass. neuter passive. sup.  superlative.
f.       feminine,        num.       numeral,       tr.     transitive.
comp. compared regularly as directed, ~ 25.
id. derived from the same word as the preceding.
~ Refers to the sections in Bullions's Latin Grammar.
t Refers to the Introduction, in this work, concerning Latin idioms.
*, Words marked m. f. n. c. d. denoting gender, are nouns, and their declension is
known by the ending of the genitive, placed next after the word, according to ~ 8.
Words conjugated, are verbs, and their conjugation is known by the vowel before re,
in the infinitive, according to ~ 51, 3.


A., an abreviation of Aulus.
A, ab, abs, prep.from, by,(abl.)
ab oriente, on the east: a
meridie, on the south.
Abdera, ve, f. a maritime
town of Thrace.
Abditus, a, um, part, & adj.
removed; hidden; concealed; secret; from
Abdo, abdere, abdidi, abditur, tr. (ab & do,) to remove from view; to hide;
to conceal.
Abdico, abducere, abduxi,
abductum, tr. (ab & duco,)
to lead away.
Abductus, a, um, part. (abdfco.)
Abeo, abire, abii, abiturm,


intr. irr. (ab & eo,) to go
away; to depart.
Aberro, are, avi, atum, intr.
(ab & erro,) to stray; to
wander; to lose the way.
Abjectus, 'a, um, part. from
Abjicio, abjicere, abjeci, abjectum, tr. (ab & jacio,)
to cast from; to cast away,
to throw aside.
Abluo, ere, i, tur, tr. (ab &
luo,) to washfrom, or away;
to wash; to purify.
Abrumpo, abrumpere, abrfpi,
abruptum, tr. (ab & rumpo,) to break off; to break.
Abscindo, abscindcre, abscidi,
abscissum, tr. (ab & scindo,) to cut off





184


ABSENS-ACCIPIO.


Absens, tis, part. (absum, ~
54. Obs. 3,) absent.
Absolvo, absolvere, absolvi,
absolftum, tr. (ab & solvo,) to loose from; to loose;
to release.
Absorbeo, absorbere, absorbui & absorpsi, tr. (ab &
sorbeo,) to suck in from,
(viz: an object;) to absorb,
or suck in; to swallow.
Absterreo, ere, ui, itum, tr.
abs & terreo,) to frighten
away; to deter.
Abstinentia, ae, f. abstinence;
disinterestedness; freedom
from avarice; from
Abstineo, abstinere, abstinui,
tr. (abs. & teneo, ~ 81,) to
keep from; to abstain.
Absum, abesse, abfui, intr.,
irr. (ab & sum,) (to be from,
viz: a place, i. e.) to be
absent or distant; to be
gone; parum    abesse, to
want but little; to be near.
Absfmo, absumere, absumpsi,
absumptum, tr. (ab & sumo,) to take away; to consume; to destroy; to waste.
4bsumptus, a, um, part. (absimo.)
Absurdus, a, um, adj. (ab &
surdus, deaf; senseless;)
harsh'; grating;   hence
senseless; absurd.
Abundantia, m, f. plenty;
abundance; from
Abundo, are, avi, atum, intr.
(ab & undo, to rise in waves,


to boil, and hence) to over
flow; to abound.
Abyla, e, f. Abyla; a mountain in Africa, at the entrance of the Mediterranean
sea, opposite to mount Calpe
in  Spain. These mountains were anciently called
the Pillars of Hercules.
Ac, atque, conj. and; as; than.
Acca, me, f. Acca Laurentia,
the wzfe of Faustulus, and
nurse of Romulus and Remus.
Accedo, accedere, accessi, accessum, intr. (ad & cedo,)
to move near to; to draw
near; to approach; to advance; to engage in; to
undertake.
Accendo, accendere accendi,
accensum, tr. (ad & candeo) to set onfire.
Accensus, a, um, part. (accendo,) set on fire; kindled; lighted; inflamed;
burning.
Acceptus, a, um, part. (accipio.)
Accessus, uis, m. (accedo,) approach; access; accession.
Accido, ere, i, intr. (ad & cado,) to fall down at, or before: accidit, imp. it hap.
pens, or it happened.
Accipio, accipere, accepi, acceptum, tr. (ad & capio,)
~ 80,) to take; to receive; to
learn; to hear; to understand; to accept: accipere





ACCIPITER-ADAMIO.


185


finem, to come to an end;
to terminate.
Accipiter, tris, in. a hawk.
Accumbo, accumbere, accubui, intr. (ad & cubo, ~ 81,)
to sit or recline at table.
Accurata, adv. (ius, issime)
(accuratus, ad & curo,) accurately; carefully.
Accurro, accurrere, accurri or
accucurri, intr. (ad & curro,)
to run to.
Accuso, are, avi, atum, tr. (ad
& causor, to allege,) to accuse; to blame; to find
fault with.
Acer, cris, cre, adj. (acrior;
acerrimus,) sharp; sour;
eager; vehement: rapid;
courageous; fierce; violent;
acute; keen; pierczng.
Acerbus, a, um, adj, comp.
sour; unripe;    vexatious;
harsh; morose;    disagreeable; from acer.
Acerrime, adv. sup. See Acriter.
Acervus, i, m, a heap.
Acetum, i, n. vinegar.
Achaicus, a, um, adj. Achcean,
Grecian.
Achelous, i, m. a river of Epirus.
Acherusia, ae, f. a lake in
Campania; also, a cave in
Bithynia.
Achilles, is & eos, m, (' 15,
13,) the son of Peleus and
Thetis, and the bravest of
the Grecian chiefs at the
siege of Troy.


Acidus, a, um, adj. comp.
sour; sharp; acid.
Acies, ei, f. an edge; a lznc
of  soldiers; an army  in
battle array; a squadron;
a rank; an army; a battle.
Acinus, i, mr. a berry; a grapestone.
Acriter, acriis, acerrime, adv.
(from acer) sharply; ardently; fiercely; courageously.
Acroceraunia, brum, n. pl.
(~ 18, 19,) lofty mountains
between Albania and Epirus.
Acrocorinthos, i, f. (~ 10. Gr.)
the citadel of Corinth.
Acropolis is, f. the citadel of
Athens.
Actio, 6nis, f. (from  ago,) an
action; operation; a process.
Actium, i. n. a promontory of
Epirus, famous for a naval
victory of Augustus over
Antony and Cleopatra.
Actus, a, um, part. (ago,)
driven; led.
Aculeus, i. m. (acuo) a sting,
a thorn; a prickle; a porcupine's quill.
Aciumen, inis, n. (from acuo,)
acuteness; perspicacity.
Acus, us, f. (acuo) a needle.
Ad, prep. to; near; at; towards; with a numeral,
about.
Adamas, antis, m. adamant;
a diamond.
'Adamo, are, avi, atum, tr. (ad
~ 91, 1, 2, & amo,) to love
greatly, or desperateiy.





186


ADDICO-ADMONITUS.


Addico, dicere, dixi, dictum,
Lr. (ad. & dico) to adjudge;
assign; make over.
Additus, a, um, part. from
Addo, addere, addidi, additum, tr. (ad & do,) to put a
thing close to another; i. e.
to add; to annex; to appoint; to give.
Addiuco, adducere, adduxi, adductum, tr. (ad & duco,) to
lead; to bring: in dubitationem, to bring into question.
Ademptus, a, um, part. (adimo.)
Adeo, adv. so; therefore; so
much; to such a degree;
so very.
Adeo, adire, adii, aditum, intr.
irr. (ad & eo,) to go)to.
~ 83, 3.
Adhwerens, tis, part. from
Adhwereo, hrerere, haesi, haesum, (ad & haereo,) to stick
to; to adhere; to adjoin;
to lie contiguous.
Adherbal, alis, m. a king of
1Numidia, put to death by
his cousin Jugurtha.
Adhibeo, adhibere, adhibui,
adhibitum, tr. (ad & habeo,) to hold forth; to admit; to apply; to use; to
employ.
Adhuc, adv. (ad & hue) hitherto; yet; as yet; still.
Adimo, adimere, ademi, ademptum, tr.(ad & emo,) to
take away.
Adipiscor, adipisci, adeptus


sum,dep.(ad. & apiscor) t,
reach; to attain; to overtake; to get.
Aditus, us, m. (adeo,) a going
to; entrance; access; approach.
Adjaceo, ere, ui, itum, intr.
(ad & jaceo,) to lie near;
to adjoin; to border upon.
Adjungo, adjungere, adjunxi,
adjunctum, tr.(ad&jungo,)
to join to; to unite with.
Adjftus, a, um, part. from
Adjiivo, adjuvare, adjfivi, adjuitum, tr. (ad & juvo,) to
assist; to help; to aid.
Admetus, i, m. a king of
Thessaly.
Administer, tri, m. a servant;
an assistant.
Administro, are, avi, atum tr.
(ad & ministro,) to administer; to manage.
Admiratio, anis, f. (admiror,)
" admiration.
Admiratus, a, urn, part. from
Admiror, ari, atus sum, tr.
dep. to admire.
Admissus, a, um, part. from
Admitto, admittere, admisi,
admissum, tr. (ad & mitto,) to admit; to allow; to
receive.
Admodum, adv. (ad & modus,) very; much; greatly.
Admoneo, ere, ui, itum, tr.
(ad & moneo) to put in
mind; to admonish; to
warn.
Admonitus, a, um, part. (admoneo.)





ADMOVEO-ADVERSUS


187


Admoveo, admovere, admbvi,
adnmiOtum, tr. (ad &  moveo,) to move to; to bring to.
Adnato, are, avi, Atum, intr.
freq. (ad & nato, from no,)
to swim to.
Adolescens, tis, adj. (adolesco,) (compar. ior, ~ 26, 6,)
young: subs. a young man
or woman; a youth.
Adolescentia, W, f. (the state
or time of youth,) youth, a
youth, from
Adolesco, adolescere, adolevi,
adultum, intr. inc.(~ 88, 2,)
to grow, to increase; to
grow up.
Adopto, are, avi, atum, tr. (ad
& opto,) to choose to or for
one's self; i. e. to adopt; to
take for a son; to assume.
Adorior, oriri, ortus sum, tr.
dep. (ad & orior,) to rise
or go to; (hence,) to attack;
to accost; to address, to
undertake.
Adria, ve, m. the Adriatic sea.
Adriaticus, a um, adj. Adriatic.: mare Adriaticum,
the Adriatic sea; now, the
gulf of Venice.
Adscendo, see ascendo.
Adsiquor, see Assiquor.
Adservo, see Asservo.
Adsigno, see Assigno.
Adsisto, or assisto, sistire,
stiti. intr. (ad & sisto,) to
stand by; to assist; to help.
Adspectirus, a, um, part. (aspicio.)
Adspergo, or aspergo, gere,


si, sum, tr. (ad & spargo.)
to sprinkle.
Adspicio, or aspicio, spicire,
spexi, spectum, tr. (ad &
specio,) to look at; see;
regard; behold.
Adstans, tis, part. from
Adsto, or asto, stare, stiti,
intr. (ad & sto,) to stand
by; to be near.
Adsum, adesse, adfui, intr. irr.
(ad & sum,) to be present;
to aid; to assist.
Adulator, aris, m. (adiilor,) a
flatterer.
Aduncus, a, um, adj. (ad &
uncus,) bent; crooked.
Advectus, a, um, part. from
Adveho, advehire, advexi, advectum, tr. (ad & veho,) to
carry; to convey.
Advana, re, c. (advenio,) a
stranger.
Adveniens, tis, part. from
Advenio, advenire, adveni, adventum, intr. (ad & venio,)
to arrive; to come.
Adventus,. Os, m. (from advenio,) an arrival; a coming.
Adversarius, i, m. (adversor,
to oppose,) an adversary;
an enemy.
Adversus, a, um, adj. (adverto, to turn to;) turned towards; adverse; opposite;
unfavorable; bad; fronting: adversa cicatrix, a
scar in front: adverso corpore, on the breast.
Advershs & adversiim, prep.
(id.) against; toward





188


ADVOCO--IESTUOSUS.


Advico, are, avi, atum, tr. (ad 1
& voco,) to call for or to;
to call; to summon.
Ad.volo, are, avi, atum, intr.
(ad & volo,) to fly to..ZEdifico, are, avi, Atum, tr.
(ades, a house, & facio,)
to build.
IEdilis, is. m. (mdes) an tvdile;
a magistrate who had charge
of the public buildings.
ZEdilitas, atis, f. (aedilis,) the
oJice of an edile; edileship.
IEdilitius, (vir,) i, m. one who
has been an edile.
LEgwus, a, um, adj. LEgcan:
IEgreum mare, the Lgcean
sea, lying between Greece
and Asia Minor; now called
the Archipelago.
LEger, ra, rum, adj. (egrior,
agerrimis) sick, weak, infirm; diseased.
]Egrb, adv. (amger,) grievously; with dificulty.
Egritido, inis, f. (mger) sorrow; grief.
Egyptus, i, f. (~ 7. Obs. 2;)
Egypt.
Mlius, i, m. the name of a
Roman family.
lEmilius, i, m. the name of
several noble Romans of
the gens 1Emilia, or Xmilian tribe..2Emulatio, anis, f. (emillor,)
emulation; rivalry; cormpetition.
LEmiilus, a um, adj. emulous.
Emiulus, i, m. a rival; a competitor.


En as, v, m. a Trojan prznce,
the son of Venus and Anchises.
Lneus, a, um, adj. (es,) brazen.
Anos, i, f. (~ 10 Gr. N.); a
town in   Thrace, at the
mouth of the Hebrus, named
after its founder, Eneas.
E5lis, idis, f. a country on the
western coast of Asia Minor,
betwoeen Troas and lonia.
IEqualis, e, adj.    (zequus,)
equal.
IEqualiter,  adv. (vequalis,)
equally.
Equitas, atis, f, equity; justice; moderation. from
LEquus, a, urn, adj. (comp.)
equal: equus animus, or
equa mens, equanimity.
Ahr, is, m. the air; the atmosphere.
ZErarium, i, in. the treasury;
from
JEs, mris, n. brass; money.
LEschylus. i. m. a celebrated
Greek tragic poet.
LEsculapius, i, m. the son of
Apollo, and god of medicine.
1Estas, Atis, f. (astus) summer,
IEstimandus, a, um, part. to
be esteemed, prized; or regarded; from.
Estimo, Are, Avi, Atum, tr. te
esteem; to value; to regard;
to judge of; to estimate.
LEstuo, are, avi, Atum, intr.
(astus) to be very hot; to
boil.
LEstuesus, a, um, adj. (comp.)





IESTUS-AGGER.


1S9


undulating;    rising   in
surges; boiling; stormy;
turbulent.
AEstus, us, m. heat.
Xtas, Atis, f. (scil. Tevitas from
Oevum,) age.
Eternus, a, um, adj. (scil.
eviternus. id.) eternal; immortal.
JEthiopia, a, f. Ethiopia, a
country in Africa, lying
on both sides of the equiator.
JEthiops, 6pis, m. an Ethiopian.
JEtna, Me, f. a volcanic mountain in Sicily.
Evum, i, n. time; an age.
Afer, ra, rum, adj. of Africa.
Aff-ibrd adv. (ad & faber, an
artist;) artfully; ingeniously; curiously; in a
workmanlike manner.
Affectus, a, um, part. afected;
afflicted.
Afflro, afferre, attiili, allatum, tr. irr. (ad & fero,) to
bring; to carry.
Afficio, ice're, 8ci, ectum, tr.
(ad & facio,) to affect: inedid, to affect with hunger;
i. e. to deprive of food:
ciadibus,   to  overthrow:
pass. to be affected: gaudio,
to be affected with joy; to
rejoice: febri, to be attacked with a fever.
Affigo, affigire, affixi, affixum, tr. (ad & figo,) to affix; to fasten: affigere cruci, to crucify.
Affinis, e. adj. (ad & finis,)'?neighboring; contiguous:
hence
Affinis, is, c. a relation.
Affirmo, are, avi, Mtum, tr.
(ad & firmo,) to affirm; to
confirm.
Affixus, a, um, part. (affigo.)
Afftltus, us, m. (afflo, to blow
against:) a blast; a breeze;
a gale; inspiration.
Africa, e, f. Africa; also a
part of the African continent, lying east of Numidia, and west of Cyrene.
Africanus, i, m. the agnomen
of two of the Scipios, derived from  their conquest
of Africa.  (App.II 4.)
Africus, a, um, adj. belonging
to Africa; African. Africus
ventus, the southwest wind.
Agamemnon, 6nis, m. a king
of Mycene, the commander-in-chief of the Grecian
fJbrces at the siege of Troy.
Agathyrsi, brum, m. pl. a barbarous tribe living near the
palus Mue6tis.
Agellus, i, m. dim. (ager,) a
small farm.
Agenor, oris, m. a king of
Phcenicia.
Agens, tis, part. (ago.)
Ager,gri,m. afield; land; a
farm; an estate; ground,
a territory; the country.
Agger, 'ris, m. (aggero, ad
& gero, to carry to:) a
heap; a pile; a mound;
a bulwark; a bank; a
rampart; a dam.





190


AGGREDIOR--ALCINOUS.


Aggredior, edi, essus sum, tr.
& intr. dep. (ad & gradior,) to go to; to attack.
Agressus, a, um, part. having
attacked.
Agitator, bris,m. a driver; from
Agito, are, avi, atum, tr. freq.
(ago,) 88. Obs 2. to drive;
to agitate; to revolve.
Aglaus, i, m. a poor Arcadian.
Agmen, inis, n. (ago,) a train;
a troop upon the march;
a band; an army.
Agnitus, a, urn, part. from
Agnosco, agnoscere, agnovi,
agnitum, tr. (ad & nosco,)
to recognize; to know.
Agnus, i, m. a lamb.
Ago, agere, eg:, actum, tr.
to set in motion; to drive;
to lead; to act; to do; to
reside; to live: funus, to
perform funeral rites: annum   vigesimum, to be
spending, or, to be in his
twentieth year: bene, to
behave well: agere gratias,
to thank.
Agor, agi, actus sum, pass. to
be led: agitur, it is debated: res de qua agitur, the
point in debate: pessum
agi, to sink.
Agricola, m, m. (ager & colo,)
a husbandman; a farmer.
Agricultura, am, (id.) f. agriculture.
Agrigentum, i, n. a town upon
the southern coast of Sicily,
now Girgenti.


Agrippa, e, m. the name
of  several distinguished
Romans.
Ahenum, i, n. (scil. vas aeneum,) a brazenvessel; a ket
tle; a caldron.
Aio, ais, ait, def. verb, (~ 84, 5,)
I say.
Ajax, acis, m. the name of
two distinguished Grecian
warriors at the siege of
Troy.
Ala, m, f. a wing; an arm-pit;
an arm.
AlAcer, or. acris, acre, adj.
(comp.) lively; courageous;
ready; fierce; spirited.
Alba, m, f. Alba Longa; a city
of Latium, built by Ascanius.
Albanus, i, m. an inhabitant
of Alba; an Alban.
Albanus, a, um, adj. Alban.
mons Albanus, mount Albanus, at the foot of which
Alba Longa was built, 16
miles from Rome.
Albis, is, m. a large river of
Germany, now the Elbe.
Albuila, re, m. an ancient name
of the Tiber.
Albus, a, um, adj. white, (a
pale white; see candidus.)
Alcestis, idis, f. the daughter
of Pelias, and wife of Admetus.
Alcibiades, is, m. an eminent
Athenian, the pupil of Socrates.
Alcinouis, i, m. a king of Phcea




ALCYONE-ALPES.


191


cia or Corcyra, whose gardens were very celebrated.
Alcy6ne, es, f. the daughter of
JEdlus, and wife of Ceyx:
she and her husband were
changed into sea birds, called Aleyones, kingfishers.
Alcyon, is, m. kingfisher.
Alcyoneus, a, um, adj. halcyon.
Alexander, dri, m. Alexander
surnamed the Great, the
son of Philip, king of Macedon.
Alexandria, e, f. the capital of
Egypt; founded by Alexander the Great.
Algeo, algere, alsi, intr. to be
cold.
Alicunde, adv. (aliquis & unde,) from some place.
Alienatus, a, um, part. alienated; estranged; from
Alieno, are, avi, atum, tr. to
alienate; to estrange; from
Alienus, a, um, adj. of or belonging to another; foreign; another man's; another's; m. a stranger.
Alio, adv. to another place;
elsewhere.
Aliquandiu, adv. (aliquis &
diu,) for some time.
Aliquando, adv. (alius & quando,) once;formerly; at some
time; at length; sometimes.
Aliquantum, n. adj. something; somewhat; a little.
Aliquis, aliqua, aliquod & aliquid, indef. pron. (~37, 3,)
some; some one; a certain
one.


Aliquot, ind. adj. some.
Aliter, adv. (alius,) otherwise.
aliter-aliter, in one wayin another.
Alius, a, ud, adj. ~ 20. Note 2;
another; other: alii-alii,
some-others.
Allatus, a, um, part. (affiro,)
brought.
Allectus, a, um, part. (allicio.)
Allevo, are, avi, atum, tr. (ad
& levo,) to raise up; to alleviate; to lighten.
Allia, m, f. a small river of
Italy, flowing into the Tiber.
Allicio, -licere, -lexi, -lectum,
(ad & lacio, to draw,) tr. to
allure; to entice.
Alligatus, a, um, part. bound;
confined; from
Alligo, are, avi, atum, tr. (ad
& ligo,) to bind to; tofasten; to bind or tie.
Allocitus, a, um, part. speaking, or having spoken to;
from
Alloquor,-lqui, -locfitus sum,
tr. dep. (ad & loquor,) to
speak to; to address; to
accost.
Alluo, -luere, -lui, tr. (ad &
luo,) toflownear; to wash;
to lave.
Alo, alere, alui, alitum or alturn, tr. to nourish; to feed,
to support; to increase; to
maintain; to strengthen.
Aloeus, i, m. a giant, son of
Titan and Terra.
Alpes, ium, f. pl. the Alps.





192


ALPHEUS-AMPHION.


Alpheus, i, m. a river of Peloponnesus.
Alpinus, a, um, adj. of or belonging  to the Alps; Alpine: Alpini mures, marmots.
Alte, (iis, issime,) adv. on,
high;   highly;  loudly;
deeply; low.
Alter, era, erum, adj, ~ 20, 4,
the one (of two;) the other;
the second. ~ 24, 7.
Alternus, a, ur, adj. (alter)
alternate; by turns.
Althmea, ae, f. the wife of (Eneus, and mother of Meleager.
Altitudo, inis, f. height; from
Altus, a, um, adj. (ior, issimus,) high; lofty; deep;
loud.
Alumnus,i,m.(alo,)a pupil; a
foster-son.
Alveus, i, m. a channel; from
Alvus, i, f. the belly.
Am, insep. prep. ~ 91, 2.
Amans, tis, part. and adj. (ior,
issimus,) loving; fond of.
Amarus, a, um, adj. (comp.)
bitter.
AmStus, a, um. part, (amo.)
Amazon, onis; pl. Amazones,
um, f. Amazons, a nation of
femeale warriors, who lived
near the river Don, and
afterwards passed over into
Asia Minor.
Ambitio, onis, f. (ambio,) ambition.
Ambitus, is, m. (id) a going
round or about; compass;


extent; circuit; circumference.
Ambo, m, o, adj. pl. 24. Obs.
3; both; (taken together;
see uterque.)
Ambillo, are, avi, atum, intr.
(dim f. ambio,) to walk.
Amice, adv. -cihs, -cissim6.
(amicus,) in   a friendly
manner, kindly.
Amicitia, mu, f.friendship; from
Amicus, a, um, adj. comp.
(amo,) friendly.
Amicus, i, m. (amo,) a friend.
Amissus, a, um, part. from.
Amitto, amittere, amisi, amissum, tr. (a & mitto,) to send
away; to lose; to relinquish.
Ammon, onis, m. a surname
of Jupiter, who was worshipped under this name,
in the deserts of Lybia, under the form of a ram
Amnis, is, d. a river.
Amo, are, avi, atum, tr. to
love; (viz. cordially, from
the impulse of natural affection; see diligo.)
Amcenus, a, um, adj. (ior, issimus,) pleasant, agree
able; delightful; fr. amo.
Amor, bris, m. (amo,) love.
Amoveo, vere, vi, tum, tr. (a
and moveo,) to move away
or from; to remove.
Amphin6mus, i. m. a Catanean
distinguished for hzs filial
affection.
Amphion, onis, m. a son of
Jupiter and Antiope, and
the husband of Niobe. He





AMPLE-ANIO.


193


is said to have built Thebes
by the sound of his lyre.
AmplB, adv. (iius, issimi,) amply; from amplus.
Amplector, ecti, exus sum, tr.
dep. (am & plector,) to embrace.
Amplexus, a um, part, having
embraced; embracing.
Amplio, are, avi, atum, tr.
(amplus,) to enlarge.
Amplihs, adv. (ample,) more.
Amplus, a, um, adj. (comp)
great; abundant; large;
spacious.
Amulius, i, m. the son of Silvius Procas, and brother of
Numitor.
Amyclke, arum, f, pl. a town on
the western coast of Italy.
Amycus, i, m. a son of Neptune, and king of Bebrycia.
An, adv. whether; or.
Anacreon, tis, m. a celebrated
lyric poet of Teos, in lonia.
Anapus, i, m. a Catanean, the
brother of Amphinomus.
Anaxagoras, T, m. a philosopher of Clazomene, in lonia.
Anceps, cipitis, adj. (ancipitior,) (am and caput,) uncertain; doubtful.
Anchises, mT, m, a Trojan, the
father of JEneas.
Ai zhhra, or Ancora, ae, f. an
anchor.
Ancilla, e, f. a female servant;
a maid.
Ancus, i, m. (Martius,) the
fourth king of Rome.
Andriscus, i, m. a person of


mean birth, called atso
Pseudophilippus, on   ac
count of his pretending to
be Philip, the son of Persis, king of Macedon.
Andromeda,m, f. the daughter
of Cephus and Cassiope,
and wife of Perseus.
Ango, angere, anxi, tr. (to
press close or tight; tostrangle; hence,) to trouble; to
disquiet; to torment; to vex.
Anguis, is, c. (ango,) a snake;
a serpent.
Angiilus, i, m. a corner.
Angustiae, arum, f. pl. na7 -rowness; a narrow pass;
a defile; from
Angustus, a, um, adj. comp.
(ango,) narrow; limited;
straitened; pinching.
Anima, m, f. (animus,) breath;
life; the soul.
Animadverto, vertere, verti,
versum, tr. (animus ad &
verto, to turn the mind
to;) to attend to; to observe;
to notice; to punish.
Animal, alis, n. (anima) an
animal.
Animosus, a, um, adj. full of
wind or breath; spirited;
courageous; bold; from
Animus, i, m. wind; breath,
spirit; the soul or mind;
disposition; spirit, or courage; a design; uno animo, unanimously; mihi est
animus, I have a mind; I
intend. See mens.
Anio, enis, m. a branch of the





9!4


ANNECTO-APOLLO.


Tiber, which enters?t three,.iles above Rome.   It is
now called the Teverone.
Annecto,-nectere,-nexui,-nexurn, tr. (ad & necto,) to annex; to tie or fasten to.
Annbna, ae. f. (annus,) yearly
produce; corn; provisions.
Anniilus, i, m, (dim, fr. annus,) a small circle; a
ring.
Annumero, are, avi, atum, tr.
(ad & numero,) to reckon
among; to number; to
reckon.
Annuo,-nuere,-nui, intr. (ad &
nuo, to nod,) to assent; to
agree.
Annus, i, m. a circle; a year;
hence
Annuus, a, um, adj. annual;
'yearly; lasting a year.
Anser, eris, m. a goose; hence
Anserinus, a, um, adj. of or
belonging to a goose: ova,
goose-eggs.
Ante, adv. before; sooner.
Ante, prep. before.
Antea, adv. (ante &    ea acc.
pl. n. of is,) before; heretofore.
Antecello,-cellere, tr. (ante &
cello, obsol. to drive,) to
drive or move before; hence;
to excel; to surpass; to exceed; to be superior to.
SAntep8no,-ponere,-posui,-positum, tr. (ante & pono,) to
set before; to prefer.
Antepositus, a, um, part. (antepino.)


Antequam, adv. before that;
before.
Antigonus, i, m. a king of
Macedonia.
Antiochia, m, f. the capital of
Syria.
Antiochus, i, m. a king of
Syria.
Antiope, es, f. the wife of Lycus, king of Thebes, and
the mother of Amphion.
Antiquus, a, um, adj. (ior, issimus,) ancient; old; of
long continuance; fr. ante.
Antipater, tris, m. a Sidonian
poet.
Antium, i, n. a maritime town
of Italy.
Antonius, i, m. Antony, the
name of a Roman family.
Antrum, i, n. a cave.
Apelles,  is, m. a celebrated
painter of the island of Cos.
Apenninus, i, m. the Appe9ines.
Aper, apri, m. a boar; a wild
boar.
Aperio,-perire,-perui,-pertum,
tr. (ad & pario,) to open;
to discover; to disclose; to
make known.
Apertus, a, um, part. (aperio.)
Apex, icis, m. a point; the
top; the'summit.
Apis, is, f. a bee.
Apis, is, m. an ox worshipped
as a deity among the Egyptians.
Apollo, inis, m. the son of Jupiter and Latona, and the
god of music and poetry.





A PPAARATUS-ARCEO.


Apparatus, fAs, m. (apparo, to
prepare;) a preparation;
apparatus; equipment; habiliment.
Appareo, ere, ui, intr. (ad &
pareo,) to appear; to be
manifest or clear.
Appellandus, a, um, part. from
Appello, are, avi, atum, tr.
(ad & pello,) to name or
call; to address; to call
upon.
Appendo, - pendere, - pendi,
pensum, tr. (ad & pendo,)
to hang upon or to; to
weigh out; to pay.
Appetens, tis, part. seeking
after; from
Appeto, - petire,- petivi,-petitum, tr. (ad & peto,) to
seek to; hence, to desire;
strive for; to aim at; to
attack.
Appius, i, m. a Roman prano--
men belonging to the Claudian gens or tribe.
Appono, - pon ere, - posui,-positum, tr. (ad & pono,) to set
or place before; to put to;
to join.
Appositus, a, um, part. (appano.)
Appropinquo, are, avi, atum,
intr. (ad & propinquo,) to
to approach; to draw near.
Apricus, a, um, adj. (comp.)
sunny; serene; warm; (as
if apericus from aperio.)
Apto, are, avi, atum, tr. to fit;
to adjust.


Apud, prep. at; in; amon;
before; to   in the house
of; in the wrztings of.
Apulia, a, f. a country in the
eastern part of Italy, near
the Adriatic.
Aqua, m, f. water.
Aquaeductus, As, m. (aqua &
duco, to lead:) an aqueduct; a conduit.
Aquila, m, f. an eagle.
Aquilo, anis, m. the north
wind.
Aquitania, am, f. a country of
Gaul.
Aquitani, brum, m. pl. the inhabitants of Aquitania.
Ara, se, f. an altar.
Arabia, Cs, f. Arabia: hence,
Arabicus, a, um, adj. Arabian, of or belonging to Arabia. Arabicus sinus, the
Red Sea.
Arabius, a, um, adj. Arabian.
Arabs, 6bis, m. an Arabian.
Arbitratus, a, um, part. having
thought; from
Arbitror, ari, atus sum, tr.
dep. (arbiter,) to believe; to
think.
Arbor, & Arbos, 6ris, f. a tree.
Area, Be, f. a chest.
Arcadia, 8e, f. Arcadia, a country in the interior of Peloponnesus.
Arcas, adis, m. an Arcadian;
also a son of Jupiter and
Calisto.
Arceo, ere, ui, tr. to ward off;
to keep from; to restrain.





16 O


ARCESSITUS--A RMENTUM.


Arcessitus, a, um, part. from
Arcesso, ere, ivi, itum, tr. (arcio, i. e. adcio, ad and cio,)
to call; to send for; to invite; to summon.
Archimedes, is, m. a famous
mathematician and mechanician of Syracuse.
Architectus, i, m, an architect;
a builder.
Aichytas, m, m. a Pythagorean philosopher of Tarentum.
Arcte, adv.(ius, issime,) straitly; closely; from
Arctus, a, um, adj. (ior, issimus,) narrow; close; fr.
arceo.
Arcus,, s, m. a bow; an arch.
Ardea, e, f. a city of Latium,
the capital of the Rutuli.
Ardens, tis, part. & adj. burning; hot; from
Ardeo, ardere, arsi, arsum,
intr. to glow; to be on fire;
to burn; to sparkle; to
shine; to dazzle.
Arduus, a, um, adj. high;
lofty; steep; arduous; difficult.
Arena, me, f. (areo, to be dry,)
sand; hence
Arenbsus, a, um, adj. sandy.
Arethilsa, m, f. the name of a
nymph of Elis, who was
changed into a fountain in
Sicily.
Argentum, i, n. silver.
Argias, m, m. a chief of the
Megarensians.


Argivus, a, um, adj. (Argos,)
of Argos; Argive.
Argivi, arum, m. pl. (id,) Argives; inhabitants of Argos.
Argonauts, arum, m, pi. (Argo
& nautmT,) the Argonauts;
the crew of the ship Argo.
Argos, i, n. sing., & Argi,
orum, m. pl. a city in
Greece, the capital of Argolis.
Arguo, uere, ui, itum, to speak
in loud or shrill tones;
hence to argue; to accuse;
to prove; to shew; to convict.
Ariminum, i, n. a city of Italy,
on the coast of the Adriatic.
Aristobfilus, i, m. a name of
several of the high priests
and kings of Judea.
Aristoteles, is, m. Aristotle, a
Greek philosopher, born at
Stagzra, a city f Macedonia.
Arma, brum, n. pl. arms.
Armatus, a, um, part. of armo, armed:     pl. armati,
orum, armed men; soldiers
Armenia, me, f. (Major,) a
country of Asia, lying between Taurus and the Caucasus.
Armenia, (Minor,) a small
country lying between Capadocia and the Euphrates.
Armenius, a, um, adj. Armenian.
Armentum, i, n. (for aramenturn, from aro,) a herd.





ARMILLA-ASTUTTUS.


197


Armilla, aI, f. (dim. fr. armus,
the arm,) a bracelet, or ring
worn on the left arm      by
soldiers who had been distinguished in battle.
Armo, are, avi, atum, tr. (arma,) to arm.
Aro, -are, -avi, -atum, tr. to
plough; to cover with the
plough.
Arreptus, a,-um, part. from
Arripio, -ripere, -ripui, -reptur, tr. (ad & rapio, ~ 80,
5,) to seize upon.
Arr6go, are, avi, atum, tr. (ad.
&rogo,) to demand for one's
self; to arrogate; to claim.
Ars, tis, f. art; contrivance;
skill; employment; occupation; pursuit.
Arsi. See Ardeo.
Artemisia, m, f. the wife of
Mausolus, king of Caria.
Artifex, icis, c. (ars. & facio,)
an artist.
Arundo, inis, f. a reed; a cane.
Aruns, tis, in. the eldest son
of Tarquin the Proud.
Arx, cis, f. (arceo,) a citadel;
a fortress.
Ascanius, i. m. the son of
AEneas and Crefisa.
Ascendo (or adscendo,) dere,
di, sum. tr. & intr. (ad &
scando, to climb to;) to
ascend; to rise; ascenditur
imp. it is ascended or they
ascend; ~ 85,6. & t 67 Note.
Asia, am, f. Asia; Asia Minor;
also, proconsular Asia, or
the Roman province.


Asiaticus, i, m. an agnomen
of L. Cornelius Scipio, on
account of his victories in
Asia. App. II. 4.
Asina, am, m. a cognomen o?
surname of a part of the
Cornelian family.
Asinus, i, m. an ass.
Aspectfirus, a, um, part. (aspicio.)
Asper, era, erum, adj. (erior,
erimus,) rough; rugged.
Aspergo. See Adspergo.
As- or ad- spernor, ari, atus
sum, tr. dep. to spurn; to
despise; to reject.
Aspicio. See Adspicio
Aspis, idis, f. an asp.
Assecatus, a, um, part. from
Assgquor,    -sequi,  -secfitus
sum, tr. dep. (ad & sequor,) to come up to; to
overtake; to obtain.
Asservo, are, avi, atum, tr.
(ad & servo,) to take care
of; to preserve; to keep.
Assigno, are, avi, atum, tr.
(ad & signo,) to mark with
a seal; hence, to appoint;
to allot; to distribute.
Assisto.   See Adsisto.
Assuesco, -suescere, -suevi,
-suetum, intr. inc. (ad. &
suesco,) to be accustomed;
to be wont.
Assurgo, -surgere, --surrexi,
-surrectum, intr. (ad & surgo,) to rise up; to arise.
Astronomia, Ce, f. astronomy.
Astiltus, a um, adj. (ior, issimus,) (from astu the city





198


AS YLUM-AUGUSTUS.


viz: of Athens,) knowing;
shrewd; cunnzng; crafty.
Asylum, i, n. an asylum.
At, conj. but.
Atalanta, ae, f. the daughter
of Schoneus, king of Arcadia, celebrated for her swiftness in running.
Athense, arum, f. pl. Athens,
the capital ofAttica; hence,
Atheniensis, is, m. an Athenian.
Atilius, i, m. a Roman proper
name.
Atlanticus, a, um, adj. Atlantic; relating to Atlas: mare
Atlanticum, the Atlantic
ocean.
Atque, conj. and; as; than.
Atrociter, adv. (ius, issimi,)
(atrox,) fiercely; violently;
severely.
Attalus, i. m, a king of Pergdmus.
Attero, -terere, -trivi, -trntum,
(ad & tero,) tr, to rub close;
to rub off; to wear.
Atthis, idis, f. the same as Attica.
Attica, am, f. Attica, a country
in  the southern part of
Greece proper.
Attingo, -tingere, -tigi, -tactum, tr. (ad & tango,) to
touch; to border upon; to
attain; to reach.
Attollo, ere, tr. (ad & tollo,)
to raise up.
Attritus, a, um, part, (attero,)
rubbed away; worn off.
Auctor, 5ris, c. (augeo,) one


who increases, or enlarges,
hence, an author.
Auctoritas, atis, f. authority;
influence; reputation; from
auctor.
Auctus, a, um, part. (augeo,)
increased; enlarged; augmented.
Audacia, me, f. audacity; boldness; from
Audax, acis, adj, (comp.) bold;
daring; audacious; desperate; from
Audeo, audere, ausus sum,
neut. pass. to dare; to attempt. ~ 78.
Audio, ire, ivi, itum, tr. to
hear.
Auditus, a, um, part.
Auditus, us, m. the hearing.
Auf ro, auferre, abstiili, ablatur, tr. irr. (ab & fero,) to
take away; to remove.
Aufugio, -fugire, -fugi, -fugitum, intr. (ab & fugio,) to
fly away; to run off; to escape; to fee.
Augendus, a, um, part. from
Augeo, augere, auxi, auctun,
tr. to cause to grow; to increase; to augment; to enlarge; intr. to grow; to increase; to rise.
Augurium, i, n. (avis, a bird,
and garrio, to chirp,) a
foretelling of future events
from the singing of bzrds"
hence, augury; divination.
Augusta, adv. (iuis, issimr,)
nobly; from
Augustus, a, um, adj. (comp.)





AUGUSTUS-AXENUS.


199


august; grand; venerable;
(from augeo.)
Augustus, i, m. an honorary
appellation bestowed by the
senate upon Ccesar Octavianus; succeeding emperors
took the same name.
Aulis, idis, f. a seaport town
in Bcotia.
Aulus, i, m. a common praenbmen among the Romans.
App. II.
Aurelius, i, m. the name of
several Romans.
Aureus, a, um, adj. (aurum,)
golden.
Auriga, m, m. (aurea, Obsol.
a rein, and rego, to govern,)
a charioteer.
Auris, is, f. the ear.
Aurum, i, n. gold.
Auspicium, i, n. (avis, a bird,
and specio, to look:) a species of divination, from the
flight, 4-c., of birds; an
auspice; the guidance, or
protection of another.
Ausus, a, um, part. (audeo,)
daring; having dared.
Aut, conj. or; aut-aut, either-or.
Auteni, conj. but; yet.
Autumnus, i, m. (augeo,) autumn.
Auxi. See Augeo.
Auxilium, i, n. (augeo,) help;
aid; assistance.
Avaritia, me, f. avarice; from
Avarus, a, um, adj. (comp.)
avaricious; covetous: (fr.
aveo, to long for.)


Aveho,-vehere.. vexi, -vectum,
tr. (a & veho,) to carry oJf,
or away.
Avello,-vellere,-velli or-vulsi,
-vulsum, tr. (a & vello,) to
pull off, or away; to pluck;
to take away; (forcibly).
Aventinus, i, m. mount Aventine, one of the seven hills
on which Rome was built.
Aversus, a, um, part. turned
away: cicatrix aversa, a
scar in the back: from
Averto, - vertire, - verti, - versum, tr. (a & verto,) to
turn away; to avert; to
turn.
Aviciila, me, f. dim. (avis,) a
small bird.
Avidus, a, um, adj. (aveo,)
(ior, issimus.) desirous:
ravenous; greedy; eager.
Avis, is, f. a bird.
Avbco, are, avi, atum, tr. (a
& voco,) to call away; to
divert; to withdraw.
Avolatirus, a, urn, part. from
Avolo, are, avi, atum, intr. (a
& volo) to fly away, or of.
Avulsus, part. (avello.)
Avuncuilus, i, m. (dim. of
avus,) a mother's brother;
an uncle.
Avus, i, m. a grandfather.
Axenus, i, m. (from a Greek
word signifying inhospitable:) the Euxine sea; anciently so called, on account
of the cruelty of the neighboring tribes.





200


BABYLON--BENEFIC1UM.


B.
Babylon, 6nis. f. the metropolis of Chaldea, lying upon
the Euphrates.
Babylonia, m, f. the country
about Babylon.
Bacca, am, f. a berry.
Bacchus, i. m. the son of Jupiter and Semele, and the
god of wine.
Bactra, brum, n. the capital
of Bactriana, situated upon the sources of the Oxus.
Bactriani, brum, m. pl. the inhabitants of Bactriana.
Bactrianus, a, um, adj. Bactrian, pertaining to Bactra or Bactriana.
Baciilus, i, m. and Bacuilum,
i, n. a staf.
Baetica, aC, f. a country in the
southern part of   Spain,
watered by the river Bcetis.
Batis, is, m. a river in the
southern part of Spain,
now the Guadalquiver.
Bagrada, me, m. a river of Africa, between  Utica and
Carthage.
Ballista, m, f. an engine for
throwing stones.
Balticus, a, um, adj. Baltic:
mare Balticum, the Baltic
sea.
Barbarus, a, um, adj. speaking
a strange language; (not
Greek or Roman;) foreign;
hence, barbarous; rude;
uncivilized; savage: subs.
barbari, barbarians.


Batavus, a, urn, adj. Batavi.
an; belonging to Batavia,
now Holland.
Beatitfido, inis, f. blessedness;
happiness; from
Beatus, a, um, adj. (ior, issimus,) happy; blessed: (fr.
beo, to make happy.)
Bebrycia, e, f. a country of
Asia.
Belge, arum, m. pl. the inhabitants of   the northeast part of   Gaul; the
Belgians.
Belgicus, a, um, adj. of or
pertaining to the Belg3e.
Bellerophon, tis, m. the son of
Glaucus, king of Ephyra.
Bellicosus, a, um, adj. (ior,
issimus, (bellum,) ofawarlike spirit; given to war.
Bellicus, a, um, adj. (bellum,)
relating to war; warlike.
Belligero, are, avi, atum,intr
(bellum & gero,) to wage
war; to carry on war.
Bello, are, avi, Mtum, tr. to
war; to wage war; to
contend; to fight.
Bellua, m, f. a large beast;
a monster.
Bellum, i. n, (duellum,) war.
Belus, i. m. the founder of the
Babylonish empire.
Bene, adv. (melibs, optime,)
well; finely; very: bene
pugnare, to fight successfully; (fr. benus obsol. for
bonus.)
Beneficium, i, n. (bene & facio,) a benefit; a kindness.





BENEVOTENTIA-BRIGANTINUS.


201


Benevolentia, m, f. (bens & volo,) benevolence; good will.
Benigne, adv. (iuis, issime,)
kindly; from
Benignus, a um, adj. (comp.)
kind; benign: (benigenus fr.
benus for bonus, & genus.)
Bestia, e, f. a beast; a wild
beast.
Bestia, me, m. the surname of a
Roman consul.
Bias, antis, m. a philosopher
born at Priene, and one
of the seven wise men of
Greece.
Bibliotheca, e, f. a library.
Bibo, bibere, bibi, bibitum,
tr. to drink, (in order to
quench thirst:) to imbibe:
See poto.
Bibiulus, i, m. a colleague of
Julius Ccesar in the consulship.
Bini, m, a, num. adj. ~ 24. I1I;
two by two; two, two each.
Bipes, edis, adj. (bis & pes,)
twoo-footed, with two feet.
Bis, num. adv. twice.
Bithynia, m, f. a country of
Asia Minor, east of the
Propontis.
Blanditia, (e, f. a complimenting: blanditie, pl. blandishments;    caresses; flattery: from
Blandus, a, um, adj. (ior, issimus,) courteous; agreeable;
flattering; enticing; inviting; tempting.
Bootia, e, f. a     country of
Greece, north of Attica.


Bonitas, atis, f. goodness; excellence; from
Bonus, a, um, adj. (melior, optYmus,) good; happy; kind.
Bonum, i, n. a good thing; an
endowment; an advantage;
profit: bona, n. pl. an estate; goods: (fr. bonus.)
Borealis, e, adj. northern; from
Boreas, m, m. the north wind.
Borysthenes, m, m., a large
river of  Scythia, flowing
into the Euxine; it is now
called the Dneiper.
Borysthenis, idis, f. the name
of a town at the mouth of
the Borysthenes.
Bos, bovis, c. an ox; a cow;
~ 15. 12.
Bosphorus, or Bosporus, i, m.
the name of two straits between Europe and Asia;
one the Thracian Bosphorus, now the straits of Constantinople; the other the
Cimmerian Bosphorus, now
the straits of Caffa.
Brachium, i, n. the arm; (viz
from the hand to the elbow.)
Brevi, adv. shortly; briefly; in
short time; from
Brevis, e, adj. (comp.) short;
brief; hence,
Brevitas, atis, f. shortness;
brevity.
Brigantinus, a, um, adj. belonging to Brigantium, a
town   of  the  Vindelici:
Brigantinus lacus, the lake
of Constance.





202


BRITANNIA--CALEFIO.


Britannia, a, f. Great Britain.
Britannlcus a,um, adj. belonging to Britain; British.
Britannus, a, um, adj. British: Britanni, the Britons.
Bruma, m, f. the winter solstice; the shortest day.
Bruttium, i, n. a promontory
of Italy.
Bruttii, orum, m. pl. a people
in the southern part of
Italy.
Brutus, i, m. the name of an
illustrious noble family.
Bucephhlus, i, m. the name of
Alexander's war-horse.
Bucephalos, i, f. a city of India, near the Hydaspes,
built by Alexander, in memory of his horse.
Buxeus, a, um, adj. (buxus,
the box-tree:) of box; of a
pale yellow color, like boxwood.
Byzantium, i, n. now Constantinople, a city of Thrace,
situated upon the Bosphorus.
C.
C., an abbreviation of Caius.
Cabira, ind. a town of Pontus.
Cacuimen, inis, n. the top; the
peak; the summit.
Cadens, tis, part. (cado.)
Cadmus, i, m, a son of Agenor, king of Phcenicia.
Cado, cadere, cecidi, casum,
intr. to fall.
Cscilius, i, m. a Roman name.


Cacuibum, i, n. a town of Campania, famous for its wine.
Cacuiibus, a, um, adj. Ccecuban; of Ccecubum.
Csdes, is, f. slaughter; carnage; homicide; murder;
from.
Cedo, cedere, cecidi, cesum,
tr. to cut; to kill; to slay;
to beat.
Cwelatus, a, um, part. from
COelo, are, avi, atum, tr. to
carve; to engrave; to sculpture; to emboss.
Cepe, or Cepe, n. indec. an
onion.
Caepio, 6nis, m. a Roman consul
who commanded in Spain.
Caesar, aris,m. a cognomen or
surname given to the Julian
family.
Castus, 6is, m. (caedo,) a
gauntlet; a boxing glove.
CSsus, a, um, part. (caedo,)
cut; slain; beaten.
Caius, i, m. a Roman prsenomen.
Calais, is, m. a son of Boreas.
Calamitas, atis, f. (a storm
which breaks the reeds or
stalks of corn, hence,) a
calamity; a misfortune; fr.
Calamus, i, ri. a reed.
Calathiscus, i, m. (dim. calathus,) a small basket.
Calefacio, calafacere, calefeci,
calefactum, tr. (caleo & facio,) to warm; to heat.
Caleflo, fieri, factus sum, intr.
irr. ~ 83, Obs. 3; to be
warmed.





CALEFACTUS-CAPTIVIUS


203


Calefactus, a, um, part. (calefio,) warmed.
Calidus, a, um, adj. (comp.
fr. caleo,) warm.
Callidus, a, um, adj. (calleo
from callus, hardness, viz:
of skin occasioned by hard
labor; hence,) practiced;
experzenced; shrewd; cunning.
Calor, oris, m. warmth; heat.
Calpe, es, f. a hill or mountain
in Spain, opposite to Abyla
in Africa.
Calpurnius, i, m. the name of
a Roman family.
Calydonius, a, um, adj. of or
belonging to Calydon, a city of JEtolia; Calydonian.
Camelus, i, c. a camel.
Camillus, i, m. (M. Furius,) a
Roman general.
Campania, me, f. a pleasant
country of Italy, between
Latium and Lucania.
Campester, tris, tre, adj. even;
plain; level; champaign;
flat; from
Campus, i, m. a plain; afield;
the Campus Martius.
Cancer, cri, m. a crab.
Candidus, a, um, adj.(comp.)
white; (a bright or shining
white; see albus.)
Candor, oris, m. (id.) brightness; whiteness; clearness.
Canens, tis. part. of cano,
singing.
Canis, is, c. a dog.
Canne, arum, f. pl. a village
in Apulia, famous for the


defeat of the Romans by
Hannibal.
Cannensis, e, adj. belonging
to Cannce.
Cano, canere. cecini, cantun,
tr. to sing; to sound or
play upon an instrument.
Cantans, tis, part. (canto.)
Cantharus, i. m. a beetle; a
knot under the tongue of
the god Apis.
Cantium, i. n. now the county
of Kent, England.
Canto, are, avi, atum, tr. freq.
(cano,) to sing; to repeat
often.
Cantus, is, m. (id.) singing;
a song; cantus galli, the
crowing of the cock.
Caper, pri, m. a he-goat.
Capesso, Bre, Ivi, itum. tr
(capio,) 8SS, 5. to take; to
take the management of
fugam capessere, toflee.
Capiens, tis, part. from
Capio, capere, cepi, captum,
tr. (properly, to hold; to contain; commonly,) to take;
to capture; to take captive;
to enjoy; to derive.
Capitalis, e, adj. (caput,) relating to the head or life,
capital; mortal; deadly;
pernicious;  capitale, (sc.
crimen,) a capital crime.
Capitolium, i, n. (id.) the capitol; the Roman citadel on
the Capitoline hill.
Capra, e, f. a she-goat,
Captivus, a, um, adj. (capio,)
captive.





204


CAPTO--CASUS.


Capto, are, avi, atum, tr. freq.
SSS8, 1, (capio,) to catch at;
to seek for; to hunt for.
Captus, a, um, part. (capio,)
taken; taken captive.
Capua, me, f. the principal city
of Campania;
Caput, itis, n. a head; life;
the skull; a capital city:
capitis damnare, to condemn to death.
Carbonarius, i, m. (carbo, a
coal;) a collier; a maker of
charcoal.
Carcer, 6ris, m. a prison.
Careo, ere, ui, itum, intr. to be
without; to be free from;
to be destitute; not to have;
to want.
Cares, ium, m. pl. Carians;
the inhabitants of Caria.
Caria, me, f. a country in the
southeastern part of Asia
Minor.
Carica, m, f. afig; (properly,
carica ficus.)
Carmen, inis, n. a song; a
poem.
Carneades, is, m. a philosopher of Cyrene.
Caro, carnis, f.flesh.
Carpenturn, i, n. a chariot; a
wagon.
Carpetani, Brum, m. pl. a people of Spain. on the borders of the Tagus.
Carpo, carpire, carpsi, carpturn, tr. to pluck; to gather;
to tear.
Carra, arum, f. pl. a city of


Mesopotamia, near the Eu
phrates.
Carthaginiensis, e. adj. of or
belonging   to  Carthage;
Carthaginian: subs. a Ca.
thaginian.
Carthago, inis, f. Carthage, a
maritime city in Africa:
Carthago Nova, Carthagena, a town of Spain.
Carus, a, um, adj. (ior, issimus,) dear; precious; costly.
Casa, m, f. a cottage; a hut.
Casca, m, m. the surname of
P. Servilius, one of the conspirators against Ccesar.
Caseus, i, m. cheese.
Cassander, dri, m. the name of
a Macedonian.
Cassiope, es, f. the wife ofCepheus, king of Ethiopia,
and mother of Andromeda.
Cassius, i, m, the name ofseveral Romans.
Castalius, a, um, adj. Castalian; of Castalia, a fountain of Phocis, at the foot
of mount Parnassus.
Castigatus, a, um, part. from
Castigo, are, avi, atum, tr. to
chastise; to punish; to correct.
Castor, oris, m. the brother of
Pollux and Helen.
Castrum, i, n. (casa,) a castle:
castra, brum, pl. a camp.
castra ponere, to pitch a
camp; to encamp.
Casus, us, m. (cado,) a fall;
accident; chance; an event;





CATABTHMUS-CELTJE.


205


a misfortune; a disaster;
a calamity.
Catabathmus i, m. a declivity;
a gradual descent; a valley  between  Egypt and
Africa proper.
Catana, e, f. now  Catania, a
city of Sicily, near mount
Etna.
Catanensis, e. adj. belonging
to Catana; Catanean.
Catienus, i, m. Catienus Plotinus, a Roman     distinguished for his attachment
to his patron.
Catillna, m, m. a conspirator
against the Roman government, whose plot wtas detected and defeated by Cicero.
Cato, anis, m. the name of a
Roman family.
Catiilus, i, m. the name of a
Roman family.
Catiilus, i. m. (dim. canis,) a
little dog; a whelp; the
young of beasts.
Caucasus, i. m. a mountain of
Asia, between the Black
and Caspian seas.
Cauda, 8e, f. a tail.
Caudinus, a, um, adj. Caudine; of or belonging to
Caudium, a town of Italy.
Caula, 0e, f. a fold; a sheep
cote.
Causa, a, f. a cause; a reason;
a law suit: in causa est, or
causa est, is the reason:
causa, for the sake of.
Cautes, is, f. a sharp rock;
a crag; a cliff: from


Caveo, cavere, cavi, cautum,
intr. & tr. to beware; to
avoid; to shun: cavere
sibi ab, to secure themselves
from; to guard against.
Caverna, m, f. (cavus,) a cave;
a cavern.
Cavus, a, um, adj. hollow.
Cecidi. See Caedo.
Cecidi. See Cado.
Cecini. See Cano.
Cecropia, ve, f. an    ancient
name of Athens; from
Cecrops, 6pis, m. thefirst king
of Athens.
Cedo, cedere, cessi, cessum,
intr. to yield; to give place;
to retire; to retreat; to
submit.
Celeber, bris, bre, adj.(celebrior, celeberrimus,) crowded;
much visited; renowned;
famous; distinguished.
Celebratus, a, um, part. (celebro.)
Celebritas, atis, f. (celeber,)
a great crowd; fame; glory; celebrity; renown.
Celebro, are, avi, atum, tr. to
visit; to celebrate; to make
famous; to perform.
Celeritas,   atis,  f.  (celer,
swift,)  speed; swiftness,
quickness.
Celer'iter, adv. (ius, rime,,ý
swiftly.
Celeus, i, m. a king of Eleusis
Celo, are, avi, atam, tr. to
hide; to conceal.
Celte, arum, m. pl. the Celts,
Sa people of Gaul.


I


IA,





206


CENSEO--CETUS.


Censeo, ere, ui, um, tr. to estimate; to judge; to believe;
to count; to reckon.
Censor, is, m. (censeo,) a censor; a censurer; a critic.
Censorinus, i, m. (L. Manlius,) a Roman consul in the
third Punic war.
Censorius, i, m. (censor,) one
who has been a censor; a surname of Cato the elder.
Census, Us, m. (censeo,) a census; an enumeration of the
people; a registering of the
people, their ages, 4c.
Centeni, ae, a, num, adj. pl.
distrib.  (centum,) every
hundred; a hundred.
Centesimus, a, um, num, adj.
ord. (id.) the hundredth.
Centies, num, adv. a hundred
times; from
Centum, num, adj. pl. ind. a
hundred.
Centurio, 6nis, m. (centuria,)
a centurion; a captain of a
hundred men.
Cephallenia, we, f. an island
in the Ionian sea, now Cephalonia.
Cepe. See Cmepe.
Cepi. See Capio.
Cera, am, f. wax.
Cerberus, i, m. the name of
the three-headed dog which
guarded the entrance of
the infernal regions.
Cercasorum, i, n. a town of
Egypt.
Ceres eris, f. Ceres, the goddess of corn.


Cerno, cernere, crevi, cretum,
tr. properly, to sift; to distinguish; hence, to see; to
perceive.
Certamen, inis, n. (certo,) a
contest; a battle; zeal; eagerness; strife; contention;
debate; a game or exercise;
Olympicum     certamen, the
Olympic games.
Certe, adv. its, issirm, (certus,) certainly, at least.
Certo, are, avi, atum, tr. &
intr. (certus,) to determine,
or make sure; to contend;
to strive; to fight.
Certus, a, um, adj. (cerno,)
(ior, issimus,) certain; fixed: certierem    facere, to
inform.
Cerva, e, f. a female deer; a
hind; hence,
Cervinus, a, um, adj. belonging to a stag or deer.
Cervix, icis, f. (the hinder part
of) the neck; an isthmus.
Cervus, i, m. a male deer; a
stag.
Cessator, is, m. a loiterer; a
lingerer; an idler; from
Cesso, are, avi, Mtum, intr.
freq. (cedo,) to cease; to
loiter.
Ceterus, (and ceter, seldom
used,) cetera, ceterum, adj.
other; the other; the rest;
hence,
Ceterim, adv. but; however;
as for the rest.
Cetus, i, m. (& cete, is, n.) a
whale; any large sea fish.





CEYX-CITrHPRON.


207


Ceyx, 5cis, m. the son of Iles-   a consul at Rome, in the
perus, and husband of Al-      time of the civil war.
cyone.                      Cinn-mum, i, n. cinnamon.
Chalcedon, 6nis, f. a city of  Circa &   Circum, pr. & adv.
Bithynia, opposite Byzan-      about; around;      in  the
tium.                          neighborhood of.
Chaldaicus, a, um, adj. (Chal- Circuitus, (is, m. (circumeo,)
dwa,) Chaldean.                a circuit; a circumfrrence.
Charta, m, f. paper.           Circumdatus, a, um, part. from
Chersiphron, anis, m. a dis- Circurndo, dire, dedi, datum,
tinguished architect, under    tr. (circurn & do,) to put
whose direction the temple     around; to surround; to
of Ephesus was built.          environ; to invest.
Chersonesus, i, f. a peninsula. CircAumeo, ire, ii, itum, intr.
Chilo, anis, m. a Lacedsemo-      irr. (circurm & eo, ~ 83, 3,)
nian philosopher, and one      to go round; to visit.
of the seven ivise men of   Circumfluo,   -fluire,  -fluxi,
Greece.                        -fluxum, intr. (circum  &
Christus, i, m. Christ.           fluo,) to Jfow round.
Cibus, i, m. food; nourishment. Circumiens, euntis, part. (cirCicatrix, icis, f. a wound; a     cumeo.)
scar; a cicatrice.          Circumjaceo, ere, ui, intr. (cirCicero, onis, m. a celebrated     cum & jaceo,) tolie around;
Roman orator.                  to border upon.
Ciconia, m, f. a stork.        Circumsto, stare, stati, intr.
Cilicia, m, f. a country in the   (circurn &  sto,) to stand
southeast part of Asia Mi-     round.
nor.                        Circumvenio, -venire, -veni,
Cimbri, brum, m. pl. a nation     -ventum, tr. (circum & veformerly   inhabiting   the     nio,) to go round; to surnorthern part of Germany.      round; to circumvent.
Cinctus, a, um, part. (cingo.) Circumventus, a, urn, part.
Cineas, m, m, a Thessalian, Ciris, is, f. the name of the
the favorite  minister of      fish into which Scylla was
Pyrrhus.                       chantged.
Cingo, cingere, cinxi, cinc- Cisalpinus, a, um, adj. (cis &
tum, tr. to surround; to      Alpes,) Cisalpine; on this
encompass; to encircle; to     side of the Alps; that is,
gir-d.                         on  the   side  nearest to
Cinis, eris, d. ashes: cinders.   Rome.
Cinna, CT, m  (L. Cornelius,) Citheron, anis, m. a moun




CITO-CCELUM.


tainof BeBotia, near Thebes,
sacred to Bacchus.
Cit5, adv. (irls, issime,) quickly; from
Citus,,, um, adj. (citus, part.
cieo,)(ior, issimus,) quick.
Citia, pr. & adv. on this side.
Civicus, a, um, adj. (civis,)
civic: corona civica, a civic crown given to him who
had saved the life of a citizen by killing an enemy.
Civilis, e, adj. (comp.) of or
belonging to a citizen; civil;
courteous; from
Civis, is, c. (cio, or cieo,) a
citizen.
Civitas, atis, f. (civis,) a city;
a state; the inhabitants of
a city; the body of citizens;
a constitution; citizenship;
freedom of the city.
Clades, is, f, loss; damage;
defeat; disaster; slaughter.
Clam, pr. without the knowledge of:-adv. privately;
secretly.
Clamo, are, avi, atum, intr.
& tr. to cry out; to call on;
hence,
Clamor, 6ris, m. a clamor; a
cry.
Clandestinus, a, um,         adj.
(clam,) secret; clandestine.
Claritas,   atis, f. celebrity;
fame; from
Clarus, a, um. adj. (ior, issimus,) clear; famous; renowved; celebrated; loud.
Classis, is f. a class; afleet.


Claudius, i, m. the name of
several Romans, belonging
to the tribe hence called
Claudian.
Claudo, claudere, clausi, clau.
sum, tr. to close; to shut.
Claudus, a, um, adj. lame.
Clausus, a, um, part. (claudo,)
shut up.
Clavus, 1, m. a nail; a spike.
Clemens, tis, adj. (ior, issimus,) merciful; hence,
Clementer. adv. (irs, issime,)
gently; kindly.
Clementia, ae, f. (id.) clemency;
mildness.
Cleopatra, ma, f. an Egyptian
queen celebrated for beauty.
Cloaca, e, f. a drain; a common sewer.
Clodius, i, m. a Roman of illustrious family, remarkable for his licentiousness.
Cluentius, i, m. the name of
several Romans.
Clusium, i, n. a city of Etruria.
Clypeus, i, m. a shield.
Cneius, i, m. a Roman pranomen; abbreviated Cn.
Coactus, a, umr, part. (cogo,)
collected; assembled; com
pelled.
Coccyx, Ygis, m. a cuckoo.
Cocles, itis, m. a Roman distinguished for his bravery.
Coctilis, e, adj. (coquo,) baked:
dried; burnt.
Coctus, a, um, part. (coquo,)
baked; burnt; boiled.
Ccelum, i, n. sing. m. pl. ~ 18,





6ENA---COLO


209


4, heaven; the climate; the
sky; the air; the atmosphere.
Caena, a, f. a supper.
Ccpi, isse, def. ý 84, Obs. 2,
I begin, or I began.
Cceptus, a, um, part. begun.
Coirceo, ere, ui, itum, tr. (con
& arceo,) to surround; to
restrain; to check; to control.
Cogitatio, onis, f. (coglto,) a
thought; a reflection.
Cogitatum, i, n. a thought;
from
Cogito, are, avi, atum, tr. (for
coagito, con &   agito,) to
revolve in the mind; to
think; to consider; to meditate.
Cogn'tus, a, um, part. (cognosco.)
Cognomen, inis, n. (con & nomen,) a surname. App. II.
Cognosco, -noscire, -novi, -nitum, tr. (con & nosco,) to
investigate; hence, to know;
to learn: de causa, to try
or decide a suit at law.
Cogo, cogere, coegi, coactum,
tr. (coigo, con & ago,) to
drive together; to drive; to
compel; to force; to urge;
to collect; agmen, to bring
up the rear.
Cohereo, -haerere, -haesi, -h-esum, intr. (con & hereo,)
to stick together; to adhere;
to be united; to be joined to.
Cohibeo, -hibere, -hibui, -hibitum, tr. (con & habeo,o


to hold together; to hola
back; to restrain.
Cohors, tis, f. a cohort; the
tenth part of a legion.
Colchi, brum, m. the people.
of Colchis.
Colchis, idis, f. a country of
Asia, east of the Euxine.
Collabor, -labi, -lapsus sum,
intr. dep. (con & labor,) to
fall together; to fall down;
to fall.
Collare, is, n. (collum,) a collar; a necklace.
Collatinus, i, m. a surname of
Tarquinius, the husband
of Lucretia.
Collectus, a, um, part.(colligo.)
Collega, me, m. (con &    lego,
-are,) one who has charge
along  with another, i. e.
a colleague.
Collegium, i, n. (collega,) a
college; a company.
Colligo, -lig ere, -legi, -lectum,
tr. (con & lego,) to collect.
Collis, is, m. a hill.
Collocatus, a, um, part. from
Colloco, are, Avi, atum, tr.
(con  &  loco,) to   place:
statuam, to erect; to set vp.
Colloquium, i, n. conversation;
an interview; from
Colloquor,-loqui,-locatus sum
ihtr. dep. (con & loquor,) to
speak together; to converse.
Collum, i, n. the neck.
Colo, colere, colui, cultum, tr.
to care for; to cultivate; to
exercise; to   pursue;    to
practise; to respect; to re




210


COLONIA--COMMOROR.


eard; to venerate; to worship; to inhabit.
Colonia, me, f. a colony; from
Colbnus, i, m. (colo,) a colonist.
Color, & Colos, bris, m. a color.
Columba, m, f. a dove; a
pigeon.
Columbare, is, n. a dovecote.
Columna, me, f. (coliimen, a
prop;) a pillar; a column.
Combriro,-ursre,-ussi, -ustum,
tr. (con & uro, 80, 5,) to
burn up; to consume.
Comedendus, a, ur, part. from
Comedo, edere, edi, esum &
estum, tr. (con & edo,) to
eat up; to devour.
Comes, itis, c. (con & eo,) one
who gives with another; a
companion.
Commtes, e, m. a comet; ~ 9,
Gr. N.
Comissor, or Commissor, ari,
atus, sum, intr. dep. to
revel as Bacchanalians;
to riot; to banquet; to carouse.
Comrtans, tis, part. (comitor.)
Comitatus, a, um, part. from
Com'itor, ari, atus sum, tr.
dep. (comes,) to accompany; to attend; to follow.
Commemoro, are, avi, atum,
tr. (con & mem6ro,) to commemorate; to mention.
Commendo, are, avi, atum, tr.
(con & mando,) to commit
to one's care; to commend;
to recommend.
Commeo, are, avi, atum, intr.


(con & meo,) to go to and
fro; to go and come; to
pass.
Commercium, i, n. (con &
merx,) commerce; exchange;
trafic; intercourse.
Commigro, are, avi, atum,
intr. (con & migro,) to emigrate; to remove.
Comminuo, -minuere, -minui,
-minftum, tr. (con & minuo,) to dash or break in
pieces; to crush; bruise.
Comminfitus, a, um, part. broken in pieces; diminished.
Committo,-mitt re,-mTsi, missum, tr. (con & mitto,) to
bring or put together; to
commit; to entrust; to begin: pugnam, to join battie; to commence or to fight
a battle.
Commissus, a, um, part. intrusted; perpetrated; comSmitted; commenced: prcelium commissum, a battle
begun or jfught; copiis
commissis, forces being engaged.
Commoditas, atis, f. (commbdus,) aptness; fitness; a
convenience; commodiousness.
Commodum, i, n. (id.) an advantage; gain.
Commorior, -mori &    moriri,
-mortuus sum, intr. dep.
(con & morior,) to die to.
gether.
Commoror, ari, atus     sum,
intr. dep. (con & moror,)





COMMOTUS- CONCIPIO.


211


to reside with; to stay at;
to remain; to continue.
Commatus, a, um, part. from
Commoveo, -movere, -movi,
-mjntum, tr. (con & moveo,)
to move together or wholly;
to move; to excite; to stir
up; to influence; to induce.
Comriunico, are, avi, atum,
tr. to communicate; to impart; to tell; from
CommUrnis, e, adj. (comp,)
common: in commiine consulere, to consult for the
common good.
Commfto, are, Avi, ftum, tr.
con & muto,) to change; to
alter; to exchange.
Comcedia, v, f. a comedy.
Comparo, are, avi, Mtum, tr.
(con & paro,) to prepare;
to get together; to gain;
to procure; to compare.
Compello, -pellre, -p'tli, -pulsum, tr. (con & pello,) to
drive; to compel; toforce:
in fugam, to put to flight.
Compenso, are, avi, Atum, tr.
(con &penso,) to zoeigh together; to compensate; to
make amends for.
Comperio, -perire, -piri, -pertum, tr. (con & pario,) to
find out; to learn; to discover.
Complector, - plecti, - plexus
sum,    tr. dep. (con &
plector,) to embrace; to
comprise; to comprehend;
to reach; to extend: complecti ambre, to love.


Compono, -ponire,-posui, -positum, tr. (con & pono) to
put together; to compose,
to arrange; to construct; to
finish; to compare; hence,
Compositus, a, urn, part. finished; composed; quieted.
Comprehendendus, a, um, fr.
Comprehendo, -prehend ere,
-prehendi, -prehensum, tr.
(con & prehendo,) to grasp
or hold together; to comprehend; to seize; to apprehend.
Comprehensus, a, um, part.
Compulsus, a, um, part. (compello.)
Conatus, a, um, part. (conor,)
having endeavored.
Concedo,-cedere, - cessi, - cessum, intr, & tr. (con & cedo,) to step aside; to yield;
to permit; to grant.
Conceptus, a, um, part. (concipio,) conceived; couched;
expressed.
Concessus, a, um, part. (concedo.)
Concha, M, f. a shell-fish.
Conchylium, i, n. a shell-fish.
Concilio, are, avi, ftum, tr. to
join together; to conciliate;
to reconcile; to acquire for
one's self; to gain; to obtain; from
Concilium, i, n. a council.
Concio, Qnis, f. (concieo,) can
assembly; an assembly of
the people.
Concipio, -cipere, -capi, -ceptum, tr. (con & capio,) to
take together; to conceive;





21',


CONCITO--CONGERO.


to imagine; to form; to
draw up; to comprehend.
Concito, are, avi, atum, tr.
ireq. (con & cito,) to set in
motion; to excite; to raise.
Concitor, oris, m. one who excites; an exciter; a mover;
a disturber.
Conc6quo,    -coquere, -coxi,
-coctum, tr, (con & coquo,)
to boil; to digest.
Concordia, We, f. (concors,) concord; agreement; harmony.
Concredo, -credere, -credidi,
-creditum, tr. (con & credo,)
to consign; to trust; to intrust.
Concrrmo, are, avi, atum, tr.
(con & cremo,) to burn
with; to burn; to consume.
Concurro, -currere, -curri,-cursum, intr. (con & curro,) to
run together: concurritur,
pass. imp. a crowd assemble. t 67. Note.
Concussus, a, um, part. shaken; moved; from
Concutio, cutere, cussi, cussum, tr. (con & quatio,) to
shake; to agitate; to tremble.
Conditio, -6nis, f. (condo,) condition; situation; a proposal; terms.
Conditus, a, um, part. from
Condo, -dire, -didi, -ditum, tr.
(con & do,) to put together;
to lay up; to found; to
build; to make; to form; to
hide; to bury; to conceal.
Condfico, -ducere, -duxi, -duetur, tr. (con & duco,) to lead


together;   to  conduct;   to
hire.
Confectus, a, um, part. (conficio.)
Confero, conferre, contfili, collatum, tr. irr. (con & fero,)
to bring together; to heap
up; to bestow; to give: se
conferre, to betake one's
self; to go.
Conficio,-fic ere, -ffci, -fectum,
(con & facio, to do thoroughly;) to make; to finish; to waste; to wear out;
to terminate; to consume;
to ruin; to destroy; to kill.
Confligo, -flig ere, -flixi, -flictur, (con & fligo,) to strike
or dash together; to contend; to engage; to fight,
(viz: in close combat.) See
dimico.
Conflo, are, avi, atum, tr.(con
& flo,) to blow together;
to melt; to unite; to compose.
Confluo,-fluere,-fluxi, -fluxum,
intr. (con & fluo,) toflow together; toflock; to assemble.
Confodio,- fodere, -fodi -fossum, tr. (con & fodio,) to
dig through and through;
to pierce; to stab.
Confossus, a, um, part. (confodio.)
Confugio, -fugire, ffigi, -fugitur, intr. (con & fugio,) to
flee to; to flee for refuge,
to fee.
Congero, -gerere, -gessi, -gestur, tr. (con &    gero,) to





CONGRIEDIOR-CONSILIUM.


2,13


bring together; to collect;
to heap up.
Congredior, -gridi, -gressus
sum, intr. dep. (con & gradior,) to meet; to encounter; to engage; to fight.
Congrigo, are, Avi, Mtum, tr.
(con & grex,) to assemble
in flocks; to assemble.
Conjectus, a, um, part. from
Conjicio,-jicire,-jeci,.jectum,
tr. (con & jacio,) to cast;
to throw forcibly; to conjecture.
Conjugium, i, n. (con & jugo,)
marriage.
Conjungo, -jungire, -junxi,
-junctum, tr. (con & j ungo,)
to unite; to bind; to join.
Conjuratus, a, um, part. conspired:  conjurati, subs.
conspirators; from
Conjiro, are, Avi, Atum, tr.
(con & juro,) to swear together; to combine; to conspire: conjuratum est, a
conspiracy was formed.
Conjux, iigis, c. (con & jugo,)
a spouse; a husband or wzife.
Conor, ari, atus sum.intr.dep.
to attempt; to venture; to
endeavor; to strive.
Conquiror, queri,   questus,
sum, intr. dep. (con & queror,) to complain; to lament.
Conscendo,-scendere,- scendi,
-scensum, tr. (con & scando,) to climb up; to ascend.
Conscensus, a, um, part, (conscendo.)
Conscisco, -scischre, -scivi,


-scitum, tr. (con & scisco,)
to investigate; to vote together; to agree; to decree;
to execute: sibi mortem coiinsciscire, to lay violent hands
on one's self; to commit
suicide.
Consecro, are, Avi, Atum, tr.
(con & sacro,) to consecrate;
to dedicate; to devote.
Consedi. See Consido.
Consenesco, senescere, senui,
intr. inc. (con & senesco,)
to grow old.
Consentio, -sentire,-sensi,-sensum, intr. (con & sentio,) to
think together; to agree;
to consent; to unite.
Consiquor, -siqui, -secitus
sum, tr. dep. (con & sequor,) to follow closely; to
gain; to obtain.
Consecitus, a, um, part. having obtained.
Cons ro, -serere, -serui, -sertum, tr. (con & sero,) to
join; to put together: pugnam, tojoin battle; tofight.
Conservandus, a, um, part,
from
Conservo, are, avi, Mtum, tr.
(con & servo,) to preserve;
to maintain; to perpetuate.
Considens, tis, part, from
Consido, -sidere, -sedi, -sessum, intr. (con & sido,) to
sit down; to encamp; to take
one's seat; toperch; to light.
Consilium, i, n. (consillo,)
counsel; design; intention;
a council; deliberation: ad -





214


CONSISTO-CONTEMPLOR.


vice; a plan; judgment; discretion; prudence; oisdom.
Consisto, -sistere, -stiti, intr.
(con &   sisto,) to stand together; to stand; to consist.
Consolor, ari, atus, sum, tr.
dep. (con & solor,) to console; to comfort.
Conspectus, a, um, part. (conspicio,)
Conspectus, is, m. (id.) a seeing; a sight; a view.
Conspicatus, a, urn, part. (conspicor.)
Conspicio,    -spicere,   -spexi,
-spectum, tr.(con & specio,)
to behold; to see.
Conspicor, Ari, atus sum, tr.
dep. (id.) to behold; to see.
Conspicuus, a, um, adj. (id.)
conspicuous; distinguished.
Constans, tis, part. & adj.
(comp.) firm;     constant;
steady.
Constituo,-stitu ire, -stitui,-stititum, tr. (con & statuo,) to
cause to stand; i. e. to
place; to establish; to appoint; to resolve.
Consto,-stare,-stiti, intr. (con
&  sto,) to stand together;
to consist of: constat, imp.
it is certain; it is evident.
Construo,    -stuere,   -struxi,structum, tr. (con & struo,)
to pile together; to construct; to build; to compose; to form.
Consuesco, -suescere, -suevi,
-suetum, intr. (con & sues

co,)  to   be accustomed,
hence,
Consuetfdo, inis, f. habit; custom.
Consul, uilis, m. a consul;
hence,
Consularis, e, adj. of or per.
taining to the consul; consular: vir consularis, one
who has been a consul; a
man of consular dignity.
Consulatus, us, m. (consul,)
the consulship.
Consuilo, -sulere, -sului, -sultur, tr. to advise; to consult.
Consulto, are, avi, Atum, tr. &
intr. freq. (consiulo,) to advise together; to consult.
Consimo, -sumere, -sumsi,
-sumptum, tr. (con & sumo,) to take together, or
at once; hence, to consume,
to wear out; to exhaust; to
waste; to destroy; hence
Consumptus, a, um, part.
Contagiosus,    a,  um,    adj.
comp. (contingo,) contagious.
Contemnendus, a, um, part.
from
Contemno, -temnere, -tempsi,
-temptum, tr. (con & ternno,) to despise; to reject
with scorn.
Contemplatus, a, um, part.
observing; regarding; considering; from
Contemplor, ari, atus sum, tr.
dep. (con & templum, a
quarter in the heavens,) to





CONTEMPTIM-CONTUSUS.


21.5


look  attentively   at   the
heavens; (said    originally
of the augurs; hence,) to
contemplate; to regard; to
consider; to look at; to gaze
upon.
Contemptim, adv. with contempt;    contemptuously;
scornfully; from
Contemptus, a, um, part. (conatemno.)
Contemptus, us, m. (id.) contempt.
Contendo, dere, di, tur, tr. &
intr. (con   &    tendo, to
stretch, or draw or strive
together, hence,) to dispute; to fight; to contend;
to go to; to direct one's
course; to request; hence,
Contentio, 6nis, f. contention;
a debate; a controversy; exertion: an effort; a strife.
Contentus, a, urn, adj. (comp.)
content; satisfied: fr. contineo.
Contero, -terere, -trivi-,tritum,
tr. (con &  tero,) to break;
to pound; to waste.
Continens, tis, part. &    adj.
(comp,) holding together;
hence, joining; continued;
uninterrupted; temperate:
subs. f. the continent, or
main land: from
Contineo, -tinere, -tinui, -tentum, tr. (con &   teneo,) to
hold together, or in; to contain.
Contingo, -tingire, -tigi, -tactum, tr. (con &  tango,) to


touch; cont'git, imp. it
happens: mihi, it happens
to me; I have the for tune.
Continub, adv. immediately;
forthwith; in succession;
from
Continuus, a, um, adj. (contineo,) continued; adjoining;   incessant;   uninterrupted; continual; without
intermission; in close succession: continuo alveo, in
one entire or undivided
channel.
Contra. prep. against; opposite to: adv. on   the other
hand.
Contractus, a, um, part. (contraho.)
Contradico, -dicere,- dixi, -dictum, tr. (contra & dico,) to
speak against; to contradict; to oppose.
Contradictus, a, um, part. contradicted; opposed.
Contraho,-trahere,-traxi,-tractur, tr. (con & traho,) to
draw together; to contract
to assemble; to collect.
Contrarius, a, um, adj. (contra,) contrary; opposite.
Contueor, -tueri, -tuitus sum,
tr. dep. (con & tueor,) to
regard; to behold; to view;
to gaze upon; to survey.
Contundo, -tundere, -tfidi, -t&sum, tr. (con & tundo,) to
beat together; to beat; to
bruise; to crush; to pulverize.
Contasus, a, um, part.





216


CONVALESCO-CORROSUS.


Convalesco, -valescere, -valui,
intr. inc. (con & valesco,
from valeo,) to grow well;
to recover.
Convenio, -venire, -veni, -venturn, intr. (con & venio,) to
come together; to meet; to
assemble.
Converto, -vertere, -verti, -versum,tr.(con,verto.) to turn;
to resort to; to appropriate;
to convert into; to change;
se in preces, to turn one's
self to entreating.
Convicium, i, n. (con & vox,)
loud noise; scolding; reproach; abuse.
Convivium, i. n. (con &vivo,)
a feast; a banquet; an entertainment.
Convoco, are, avi, atum, tr.
(con & voco,) to call together; to assemble.
Convolvo, -volvere, -volvi, -volhtum, tr. (con & vblvo,) to
roll together; pass. to be
rolled together: se, to roll
one's self up.
Cooperio, -perire, -perui, -perrum, tr. (con & operio,) to
cover.
Copia, w, f. an abundance; a
multitude; a swarm: copise, pl.forces; troops.
Copiase, adv. (iis, isslme,) copiously; abundantly; from
copiosus, from copia.
Coquo, coquere, coxi, coctum,
tr. to cook; to bake; to boil;
to roast; hence,


Coquus, i, m. a cook.
Cor, cordis, n. the heart.
Coram, prep. in the presence
of; before; adv. openly.
Corcra, a, f. an island on the
coast of Epirus, now Corfu.
Corinthius, a, um, adj. Corin
thian; belonging to Corinth.
Corinthius, i, m. a Corinthian.
dorinthus, i, f. Corinth, a city
of Achaia, in Greece.
Corioli, orum, m. pl. a town
of Latium.
Coriolanus, i, m. a distinguish.
ed Roman general.
Corium, i, n. the skin; the skin
or hide of a beast; leather
Cornelia, ae, f. a noble Roman
lady.
Cornelius, i, m. the name of
an illustrious tribe, or clan,
at Rome. adj. Cornelian.
Cornix, icis, f. a crow.
Cornu, n.ind. in Sing. ~ 16;
a horn.
Corona, w, f. a crown.
Corpus, oris, n. a body; a corpse.
Correptus,a,um,part.(corripio.)
Corrigo,-rigere, -rexi, -rectum,
tr. (con &rego,) to set right,
to straighten; to make better; to correct.
Corripio, -ripere, -ripui, -repturn, tr. (con & rapio,) to
seize.
Corrodo, rodere, rosi, -rosum,
tr. (con & rodo,) to gnaw;
to corrode.
Corrasus,a,um, part. (corrodo,)





CORRUMPO-CRUDELIS.


217


Corrumpo, -rumpere, -rfpi,
-ruptum, tr. (con & rumpo,)
to break up,(or thoroughly;)
to corrupt; to bribe; to hurt;
to violate; to seduce; to impair; to destroy;
Corruo, -rumre, -rui, intr. (con
& ruo,) to fall down; to decay.
Corruptus, a, um, part. & adj.
(corrumpo,) bribed; vitiated; foul; corrupt.
Corsica, m, f. an island in the
Mediterranean   sea, north
of Sardinia.
Corvinus, i, m. a surname given to iMl. Valerius, from
an incident in his life; from
Corvus, i, m. a raven.
Corycius, a, ur, adj. Corycian; of Corycus.
Corycus, i, m. the name of a
city and mountain ofCilicia
Cos., an abbreviation of consul; Coss., of   consuiles;
Gr. p. 308.
Cotta, m, m. a Roman cognimen, belonging to the Aurelian tribe.
Crater, eris, m. a goblet; a crater; the mouth of a volcano.
Crates, etis, m. a Theban philosopher.
Crassus, i, m. the name of a
Roman family of the Lucinian tribe.
Creatus, a, um, part. (creo.)
Creber, crebra, crebrum, adj.
(crebrior,creberrimus,)frequent.


Crebro, adv. (crebriuis, creberrime,) (creber,)frequently.
Credo, -ddre, -didi, -ditum, tr.
to believe; to trust.
Crediilus, a, un, adj. (credo,)
easy of belief; credulous.
Cremera, 8, f. a river of Etruria, near which the Fabian
family were defeated and
destroyed.
Cremo, are, avi, atum, tr. to
burn; to consume.
Creo, are, dvi, atum, tr. to
make; to choose; to elect.
Cresco, crescere crevi, cretur, intr. (creo,) to spring
up; to increase; to grow.
Creta, m, f. Crete, now Candia, an island in the Mediterranean sea, south    of
the Cyclades.
Cretensis, e, adj. belonging to
Crete, Cretan.
Crevi.   See Cresco.
Crimen, inis, n. a crzme; a
fault; an accusation: alicui
crimini dare, to charge as
a crime against one.
Crinis, is, m. the hair.
Crixus, i, m. the name of a celebrated gladiator.
Crocodilus, i, m. a crocodile.
Cruciatus, a, um, part. (crucio.)
Cruciatus, Us, m. (id.) torture;
distress; trouble; affliction.
Crucio, ire, avi, atum, tr.
(crux,) to crucify; to torment; to torture.
Crudelis, e, adj. (ior, issimus,)
cruel; (fr. crudus,) hence,


19





21 -

CRUDELITER-CYCLADES.


Ciudelter, adv. (iuis, issime,)
cruelly.
Crudus, a, um, adj. (cruor,)
properly, full of    blood;
crude; raw; unripe.
Cruor, oris, m. blood; gore.,rus, cruris, n, the leg; (from
the knee to the ankle.)
Crux, crucis, f. a cross.
Cubitus, i, m., &  Cubitum, i,
n. (cubo, to recline,) the
arm, from the elbow to the
wrist; a cubit.
Cucurri. See Curro.
Cui, & Cujus, See Qui, & Quis.
Culex, icis, m. a gnat.
Culpa, m, f. a fault; guilt;
blame; hence,
Culpo, are, avi, atum, tr. to
blame.
Cultellus, i, m. (dim, from culter,) a little knife; a knife.
Cultus, a, um, part. (colo,) cultivated; improved; dressed.
Cum, prep. with: adv. the
same    as  quum,    when:
cium- turn, not only - but
also; as well - as also.
Cunctatio, anis, f. (cunctor,)
delaying; a delaying; hesitation.
Cunctus, a, um, adj. all; the
whole.
Cuniciulus,i,m.a rabbit; a cony.
Cupiditas, atis, f. (cupio,) a
wish; a desire; cupidity;
(with moderation.)
Cupido, inis, f. desire; (with
eagerness.)
Cupidus, a, um, adj. comp.
(id.) desirous.


Cupiens, tis, part. from
Cupio, ere, ivi, itum. tr. to
desire; to wish; to long for.
Cur.   adv. (abbreviated    for
quare,) why; wherefore.
Cura, m, f. care; anxiety.
Cures, ium, f. pl. a city of he
Sabines.
Curia, me, f. a curia or ward;
one of   thirty  parts into
which the Roman people
were divided; the senate
house.
Curiatii, orum, m. pi       the
name of    an  Alban tribe.
Three brothers belonging
to this tribe fought wigh the
Horatii.
Curo, are, avi, atum, tr. (Fura,)
to take care of; to care- to be
concerned; to cure or heal.
Curro, currere, cucurri cursum, intr. to run; hence,
Currus, fis, m. a chariot: and
Cursor, bris, m. (curro,) a runner; also a surname,riven
to L. Papirius.
Cursus, uis, m. (id.) a running;
a course;
Curvus, a, um, adj. crooked.
Custodia, m, f. (custos,) a
watch; a guard; a prison.
Custodio, ire, ivi, itum, tr.
(id.) to guard; to watch;
to preserve; to keep safely.
Custos, odis, c. a guard; a
keeper.
Cutis, is, f. the skin.
Cyaneus, a, um, adj. dark blue.
Cyclades, um. f. pl. a cluster
of islands in the Archipela




CYCLOPES-DEBELLO.


219


go, which    derive  their
name from lying in a circle.
Cyclopes, um. m, pl. the Cyclops, giants of Sicily, living near JEtna.
Cydnus, i, m. a river of Cilicia.
Cyllene, es, f. a mountain in
Arcadia.
Cymba, m, f. a boat; a skiff; a
canoe.
Cymbalum, i, n. a cymbal.
Cynicus i, m. a Cynic.    The
Cynics were a sect of philosophers founded by Antisthenes.
Cynocephalue, arum, f. pl.
small hills near Scotussa,
in Thessaly.
Cynocephali, arum, m. pl. a
people of India with heads
like dogs.
Cynocephalus, i, m. an Egyptian deity.
Cynossema, atis, n. a promontory of Thrace, near Sestos,
where queen Hecuba was
buried.
Cynthus, i, m. a hill near the
town of Delos.
Cyrinie, arum, f, pl. Cyrene, a
city of Africa, the capital
of Cyrenaica.
Cyrenaica, Ve, f. a country in
the northern part of Africa,
so called from its capital,
Cyrence.
Cyrenaus, a, um, adj. Cyrenean; belonging to Cyrence.
Cyrenensis, e, adj. Cyrenean;
of Cyrenco.


Cyrnus, i, f. a Greek name of
the island of Corsica.
Cyrus, i, m. Cyrus, the naine
of a Persian king.
Cyzicus, i, f. the name of an
island, near Mysia, contazning a town of the same
name.
D.
Daedalus, i, m. an ingenzous
Athenian artist, the son of
Euphemus.
Damno, are, avi, atum, tr.
(damnum, loss;) to adjudge
to loss of any kind; to con-.demn.
Damnbsus, a, um, adj. injurious; hurtful.
Danaus, i, m. an ancient king
of Argos, and brother of
lEgyptus.
Dandus, a, um, part. (do.)
Dans, tis, part. (do.)
Danubius, i, m. the Danube,
a large river of Germany,
called also the Ister, after its entrance into Illyricum.
Daps, dapis, f. afeast; a meal.
Dardania, E, f. a country and
city of  Asia Minor, near
the Hellespont.
Datfirus, a, um, part. (do.)
Datus, a, um, part. (do.)
De, prep. from; of; concerning; on account of.
Dea, ce, f. ~ 9, 4. a goddess.
Debello, are, avi, atum, tr. (de





220


DEBEO-DEDUCO.


& bello,) to put down by
war; hence, to conquer; to
subdue.
Debeo, sre, ui, itum, tr. (de &
habeo,)to owe; to beobliged;
with an infinitive, ought, or
should.
Debeor, 6ri, itus sum, pass. to
be due.
Debilito, are, avi, atum, tr.
(debilis,) to weaken; to enfeeble.
Debitus, a, um, part. (debeo,)
due; deserved; owing.
Decedo, -ced6re, -cessi, -cessum, intr. (de & cedo,) to
depart; to retire; to withdraw; to yield; to die.
Decem, num. adj. ten.
Decemviri, brum, m. pl. decemvirs, ten men appointed
to prepare a code of laws
for the Romans, and by
whom the laws of the twelve
tables were formed.
Decerno, -cernere. -crevi, -cr etum, tr. (de & cerno,) to
separate one thing from
another; to judge; to decide; to fight; to contend;
to discern; to decree: bellum decretum est, the management of the war was
decreed.
Decerpo,   -cerpere, -cerpsi,
-cerptum, tr. (de & carpo,) to
pluck off; to pick; to gather.
Decido, -cidere, -cidi, intr. (de
& cado,) to fall, (viz: from,
or down:) dentes decidunt,
the teeth fail, or come out.


Decimus, a, um, num. adj.
ord. (decem,) the tenth.
Decius, i, m, the name of several Romans distinguished
for their patriotism.
Declaro, are, avi, atum, tr.
(de & claro, to make clear;)
to declare; to show.
Decoctus, a, um, part. from
Dec6quo, -coquere, -coxi,-cocturn, tr. (de & coquo,) to
boil down; to boil.
Decorus,a,um, adj. (decor,) becoming; handsome: adorned; decorous; beautiful.
Decretus, a, um, part. (decerno.)
Decresco,-crescere,-crevi, intr.
(de &cresco,) to sink down,
or subside; to decrease; to
diminish; to fall to decay.
Decumbo, -cumbere, -cubui,
intr.(de & cubo,) to lie down.
Decurro, -currere, -curri, -cursum, intr. (de & curro,) to
run down; to flow down.
Decus, 6ris, n. (deceo,) an ornament.
Dedi. See Do.
Dedidi. See Dedo.
Deditio, anis, f. (dedo,) a giving up; a surrender.
Deditus, a, um, part. (dedo.)
Dedo, dede're, dedidi, deditum,
tr. (de & do,) to give up; to
surrender; to deliver up; to
addict or devote one's self.
DediTco, -ducere, -duxi, -dueturn, tr. (de & duco,) to lead
or draw downwards; to lead
forth; to bring; to lead.





DEFATIG O-DEL1NQUO.


221


Defatigo, are, avi, Atum, tr. (de
& fatigo,) to weary out; to
fatiguie.
Defendo, -fendire, -fendi,-fensum,tr.(de & fendo,obsol, to
hit;) to defend; to protect.
Defensus, a, um, part. (defendo.)
Defiro, -ferre, -tuili, -latum,
tr. irr. (de & fero,) to bring,
(viz: down, or along;) to
convey; to proffer; to confer; to give.
Deficiens, tis, part. from,
Deficio, -ficire, -feci, -fectunm,
tr. & intr. (de & facio,) to
fail; to abandon; to be
wanting; to decrease; to be
eclipsed; to revolt.
Defleo, ere, evi, etum, (de &
fleo,) to deplore; to bewail;
to lament; to weepfor.
Defluo, -fluere, -fluxi, -fluxurn,
intr. (de & fluo,) to flow
down.
Defodio, -fodire, -fodi, -fossum, tr. (de & fodio, to dig
down;) to bury; to inter.
Deformitas, Atis, f. (deformis,)
deformnzity; ugliness.
Defossus,a, um, part.(defodio.)
Defunctus, a, um, part. finished: defunctus or defunctus vita, dead; from
Defungor,-fungi,-functus sum,
intr. dep. (de & fungor,) to
execute; to perform; to be
free from; to finish.
Degens, tis, part. from
Dego, degere, degi, tr. &


intr. (de & ago,) to lead; to
to live; to dwell: deg re
zttatem, to live.
Degusto, are, avi, tum, tr. (de
& gusto,) to taste.
Deinde, adv.(de & inde,) then;
further; after that; next.
Deiotarus, i, m. a man who
was made king of Galatia,
by the Roman senate,
by the favor of Pompey.
Dejectus, a, um, part. from
Dejicio, -jicire, -j eci, -jectum,
tr. (de & jacio,) to throw
or cast down.
Delabor, -labi, lapsus sum,
intr. dep. (de & labor,) to
fall; to glide down; toflow.
Deldtus, a, um, part.(defiro,)
carried down; conferred.
Delecto, are, avi, atum, tr. (de
& lacto,) to allure; to delight; to please.
Delectus, a, um, part. (deligo,)
Delendus, a, um, part to be destroyed; from
Deleo, -re, evi, etum, tr. (de
& leo, to daub;) to extinguish; to destroy.
Delicia, arum, f. pl. (delicio,)
delights; diversions; pleasures.
Delictum, i, n. (delinquo,) a
neglect of duty; a fault;
crime.
Deligo, -ligEre, -legi, -lectum,
tr. (de & lego,) to select; to
choose.
Delinquo,-linqurre, -liqui,-lictum, tr. (de & linquo,) to





222


DELPHICUS-DEPULSO.


fail in duty; to offend; to
do wrong.
Delphicus, a, um, adj. Delphic,
belonging to Delphi.
Delphi, orum, m. pl. a town of
Phocis, famousfor the temple and oracle of Apollo.
Delphinus, i, m. a dolphin.
Delta, a, f. a part of Egypt,
so called from  its resemblance to the Greek letter
delta, A.
Deltbrum, i, n. (deluo, to purify;) a temple; a shrine.
Delus or -os, i, f. an island in
the A~gean sea; the birth
place of Apollo and Diana.
Demaratus, i, m. a Corinthian,
father of the elder Tarquin.
Demergo, -mergere, -mersi,
-mersum, tr. (de & mergo,)
to plunge; to sink.
Demersus, a, um, part.
Demetrius, i, m. a Greek proper name.
Demissus, a, um, part. cast
down; descending; from
Demitto, -mittere, -misi, -missum, tr. (de & mitto,) to
send down; to let down; to
drop.
Democritus, i, m. a Grecian
philosopher,born at Abdira.
Demonstro, are, avi, Atum, tr.
(de & monstro,) to point
out; to shew; to demonstrate; to prove.
Demosthenes, is, m. the most
celebrated of the Athenian
orators.
Demum, adv. at length; not


till then; at last; only; in
fine.
Deni, m, a, dis. num. adj. pi
every ten; ten; by tens.
Denique, adv.finally; at last.
Dens, tis, m. a tooth.
Densus, a, um, adj. (comp.)
thick.
Dentatus, i, m. (Siccius,) a
brave Roman soldier.
Denuntio or -cio, are, avi,
atum, tr. (de & nuntio,)
prop. to make known; to
foreshow; to proclaim; to
declare; to denounce.
Depascor, -pasci, -pastus sum,
tr. dep. (de & pascor,) to
feed upon; to eat up; to
feed.
Depingo,- ping6re,-pinxi,-picturn, tr. (de & pingo,) to
paint; to depict; to describe; to exhibit.
Deploro, are, avi, atum, tr. (de
& ploro,) to deplore; to
weep for; to mourn.
Depono, -ponere, -posui, -positum, tr. (de & pono,) to
lay down or aside.
Depopulatus, a, um, part. from
Depopiilor, ari, atus    sum,
tr. dep. (de & popuilus,) to
lay waste.
Deporto, are, avi, atum, tr.
(de & porto,) to carry down.
Deprehendo,-prehendiere,-prehendi,-prehensum, tr. (de
and prehendo,) to seize; to
catch; to detect.
Deprehensus, a, um, part.
Depulso, are, avi, atum, tr.





DESCUNDO--DEVOLO.


223


freq. (de & pulso,) to push
away; to keep off; to repel.
Descendo, -scendere, -scendi,
-scensum, intr. (de & scando,) to descend: in certamen descendere, to engage
in a contest: descenditur
imp. one descends; we descend; t 76. Note.
Describo, -scribere, -scripsi,
scriptum, tr. (de & scribo,)
prop. to write down; to describe; to divide; to order.
Des ero,-ser re,-serui,-sertum,
tr. (de & sero,) to desert; to
forsake; to abandon: (opposite of sero, ~ 91, 3.)
Desertum, i, n. a desert: from
Desertus, a, um, part. & adj.
(comp.) deserted; waste;
desolate; desert.
Desiderium, i, n. (desidero to
desire:) a longing for; a
desire; love; affection; regret; grief.
Desino, sinere, sivi, and sii
situm, intr. (de & sino,) to
leave off; to terminate; to
cease; to end; to renounce.
Note-An     ace. after this
verb is governed by an infinitive understood.
Desperatus, a, urn, part. &
adj. comp. despaired of;
past hope; desperate; hopeless: from
Despero, are, avi, atum, tr.
(de &   spero,) to despair:
~ 91, 3.
Desponsatus, a, um, part. from
Desponso, are. avi, atum, tr.


freq. (desponde.o,) to pro.
mise in marriage; to betroth; to afiance.
Destino, are, avi, atum, tr.
prop. to fix; to destine; to appoint; to resolve; to aim at.
Desum, -esse, -fui, intr. irr.
(de & sum,) to be wanting;
~ 91, 3.
Deterior, adj. compar. (sup.
deterrimus, ~ 26,4,) worse.
Deterreo, ere, ui, itum, tr. (de
& terreo,) tofrighten from,
to deter.
Detestor, ari, atus sum, tr.
dep. (de & testor,) to call
to witness; to wish (as a
curse): to deprecate; to detest.
Detractus, a, um, part. from
Detraho, -trahere, -traxi,-tractum, tr. (de & traho,) to
draw down or away; to
draw off; to take from.
Detrimentum, i, n. (detero,)
detriment; damage; harm;
loss.
Deus, i, m. God; a god.
Deveho, -vehere, -vexi, -vecturn, tr. (de & veho,) to
carry down, or away.
Devexus, a, um, adj. sloping;
inclining.
Devictus, a, um, part. from
Devinco, -vincere, -vici, -victurn, tr. (de & vinco,) to
conquer; to subdue; to overcome.
Devolo, are, avi, atum, intr.
(de & volo,) tofly down; to
fly away.





224


SDEVORO-DILIGO.


Devoro, are, avi, atum, tr. (de
and voro,) to devour; to
eat up.
Devotus, a, um, part. from
Devoveo, -vovere, - vvi, -vSturn, tr. (de &  voveo,) to
vow; to devote; to consecrate.
Dexter, era, erum, or ra, rum,
~ 20, 3. adj. right; on the
right hand.   See ~ 26, 2.
Dextra, as, f. the right hand.
Diadema, atis, n, a diadem;
a white fillet worn upon
the heads of kings.
Diagoras, mR, m. a Rhodian
who died of excessive joy,
because his three sons were
victorious at the Olympic
games.
Diana, a, f. the daughter of
Jupiter and LatOna, and
sister of Apollo.
Dico, are, avi, atum, tr. to
consecrate; to dedicate; from
Dico, dicere, dixi, dictum, tr.
to say; to name; to call.
Dictator, bris, m. a dictator;
a chief magistrate, elected
on special occasions, and
vested with absolute authority; from
Dicto, are, avi, atum, freq.
to say often; to dictate.
Dictum, i, n. (dico,) a word;
an expression.
Dictus, a, um, part. (dico.)
Dies, ei, m. or f. in sing., m.
in pl, a day; in dies, daily; every day.


DiffGrens, tis, adj. different,
differing; from
Differo, differre, distili, dilatum, tr. & intr. irr. (dis &
fero,) to carry apart, or in
different directions; to carry up and down; to scatter; to disperse; to spread
abroad: to publish; to defer; to be different.
Difficile, adv. (iris, lime,) dificultly; with dificulty; from
Difficilis, e, adj. comp. (dis
& facilis,) difficult; ~ 91, 2.
Obs. 1, hence,
Difficultas, atis, f. difficulty,
trouble; poverty.
Digitus, i, m. a finger; afinger's breadth.
Dignatus, a, um, part. (dignor,) vouchsafing; thought
worthy.
Dignitas, atis, f. (dignus,) dignity; office; honor.
Dignor, ari, atus sum, tr. dep.
to think worthy; to vouchsafe; to deign; from
Dignus, a, um, adj. (ior, issimus,) worthy.
Dilanio, are, avi, atum, tr.
(dis &   lanio,) to tear or
rend in pieces.
Diligenter, adv. (ihs, issimn,)
diligently; carefully; fr.
diligens.
Diligo,-ligore,-lexi,-lectum, tr.
(dis & lego,) to select carefully; to esteem a thing for
its value; hence, to love.
See amo.





DTMICATIO-DIISSERO.


2125


Dirnicatio, 6nis, f. a fight; a'
contest; a battle; from
Dimico, are, avi, (or     ui,)
atum, intr. (dis & mico,
to glitter,) to fight: viz.,
with   swords   gleaming:
dimicatum est, a battle was
fought.
Dimissus, a, um, part. from
Limitto, -mitte're, misi, -missum, tr. (dis & mitto,) to
send away; to dismiss; to
let go.
DiogInes, is, m. an eminent
Cynic philosopher, born at
Sinape, a city of Asia Minor.
Diom6des, is, m. a Grecian
warrior; also, a cruel king
of Thrace.
Dionysius, i. m. the name of
two tyrants of Syracuse.
Diremptitrus, a, urn, part.
dirimo,) about to decide.
Direptus, a, um, part. (diripio.)
Dirimo,- imi-re,-emi,-emptum,
tr. (dis & emo,) properly,
to take one thing from another: to divide; to part;
to separate; to decide.
Diripio,-ripere,-ripui,- reptum,
tr. (dis & rapio,) to tear
asunder; to rob; to plunder;
to pillage; to destroy.
Diruo,- ruere,- rui,- riitum, tr.
(dis & ruo,) to pull down;
to overthrow; to raze; to
destroy.
Dirus, a, um, adj. frightful;
terrible; direful; ominous.
Diriltus, a, um, part. (diruo.)


Discedo,-cedere-cessi cessuin.,
intr. (dis & cedo,) to go
away; to depart.
Discerpo,   -cerpere, -cerpsi,
cerpturn, tr. (dis & carpo,,
to tear asunder, or in
pieces.
Discerptus, a, um, part. (discerpo.)
Discipiilus, i, m. (disco,) a
pupil; a scholar.
Disco, discere, didici, tr. to
learn.
Discordia, e, f. (discors, dis &
cor,) discord; disagreement;
the Goddess Discord.
Discordo, are,dvi, atum, intr.
(id.) to differ infeeling; to
be at variance; to differ.
Discrepo, are, avi, or ui, itum,
intr. (dis & crepo,) to differ in sound; to difer; to
disagree.
Diserte, adv.    (ihs  issim',)
clearly; eloquently.
Disputatio, 6nis, f. a dispute;
a discourse; a discussion;
from
Dispfito, are, Avi, SAtum, tr.
(dis & puto,) to be of opposite sentiments; hence, to
dispute; to discuss; to discourse.
Dissemino, are, avi, atum, tr.
(dis &  semino,) to spread
abroad; to scatter; to promulgate.
Dissieo, -serere, -serui, -sertum, tr. (dis & sero, to
plait;) to unplait;   91, 2.
to disentangle; hence, to





.22


DISSID IUM--DOMIC(ILI UM.


evplazn;   to discourse; to
reason; to debate; to say.
Dissidium, i, n. (dissideo,) a
disagreement; a dissension.
Dissimilis, e, adj. (comp. ~ 26,
1,) unlike; dissimilar; fr.
dis & similis.
Distans, tis, part.(disto,) standing asunder; differing; distant; being divided.
Distinguo, -stingueare, -stinxi,
stinctum, tr. (di & stinguo,)
to  distinguish,    (viz: by
marks;) to mark; to adorn;
to variegate; to spot; to
sprinkle.
Disto, stare, intr. (di & sto,)
intr. to stand apart; to be
distant; to be divided; to
difer.
Distribuo,-tribuere,-tribui,-tribftum, (dis &     tribuo,) to
distribute; to divide.
Ditis, e, adj,(ior, issimus,) rich.
Diu, adv. (utius, utissimr,)
(dies,) long; for along time.
Diurnus, a, um, adj. (id.) daily.
Diutinus, a, um, adj. (diu,)
continual; long continued.
Diuturnitas, atis, f. long continuance; duration; from
Diuturnus, a, um, adj. (diu,)
long; lasting; ior, ~ 26, 6.
Divello, -vell re,-velli, or -vulsi, -vulsum, tr. (di & vello,)
to pull asunder; to separate; to disjoin; to tear off.
Diversus, a, um, adj. part. (fr.
diverto,) turned different
ways; different.


Dives, Itis, adj. rich; wealthy,
fertile; fruitful.
Divido, dividere, divisi, divisum, tr. (di & iduo, obsol. to
divide;) to divide; to sepa.
rate; to distribute.
Divinus, a, um, adj. (comp.'
divine; heavenly; from divus.
Divisus, a, um, part. (divido.)
Divitie, arum, f. pl. (dives,)
riches; wealth.
Divulsus, a, um, part. (divello.)
Do, dare, dedi, datum, tr. to
give; to grant; to surrender: poenas, to suffer punishment:crimini, to impute
as a crime; to accuse: finem,
to terminate: nomen, to
give name.
Doceo, ere, ui, tum, tr. to teach.
Docilitas, atis, f. (doceo,) docility; teachableness.
Doctrina, me, f.(doceo,) instruction; education; doctrine.
Doctus, a, um, part &       adj.
comp.    (doceo,)   taught;
learned.
Dodbna, m, f. a town and forest of Epirus, where were a
temple and oracle ofJupit er.
Doleo, ere, ui, intr. to grieve,
to sorrow; to be in pain.
Dolor, 6ris, m. (doleo,) pain;
sorrow; grief.
Dolus, i, m. a device; a trick;
a stratagem; guile; artifice.
Domesticus, a, um, adj. (domus;) domestic.
Domicilium, i, n. (id.) a habitation; a house; an abode.





DOM1NA-ECCE.


227


Doinina, e, f. (dominus,) a
mistress.
Dominatio, onis, f. government; absolute power; dominion; usurpation; despotism; from
Dominus, i, m. (domus,) master; owner; lord.
Domitus, a, um, part. from
Domo, are, ui, Itum, tr. to subdue; to tame; to overpower;
to conquer; to vanquish.
Domus, fis, & i, f. ~ 16; a
house: domi, at home; domo, from    home: domum,
home.
Donec, adv. until; as long as.
Dono, are, avi, atum, tr, (donum,) to give freely; to
present.
Donum, i, n. (do.) a free gift;
an offering; a present.
Dormio, ire, ivi, itum, intr. to
sleep.
Dorsum, i, n. the back.
Dos,dotis, f. aportion; a dowry.
Draco, onis, m. a dragon; a
species of serpent.
Druidam, arum, m. pl. Druids,
priests of the ancient Britons and Gauls.
Dubitatio, onis, f, a doubt;
hesitation; question; from
Dubito, are, avi, atum, intr.
(dubius,) to hesitate; to
doubt.
Ducenti, we, a, num. adj. pl.
two hundred.
Duco, cere, xi, ctum, tr. to
lead; to conduct: uxbrem,
to take a wife; to marry:


exequias, to perform faneral rites: murum, to build
a wall.
Ductus, a, um, part. led.
Duillius, i, m. (Caius,) a Roman commander, who first
conquered the Carthaginians in a naval engagement.
Dulcis, e, adj. (ior, issimus,)
sweet; pleasant.
Dum, adv. &      conj. while;
whilst; as long as; until.
Duo, me, o, num, adj. pl. ~ 24,
3. two.
Duodecim, num. adj. ind. pl.
(duo & decem,) twelve;
hence,
Duodecimus, a, um, num. adj.
ord. the twelfth.
Duodeviginti, num. adj. ind.
pl. (duo, de & viginti, ~ 24,
1,) eighteen.
Duritia, as, & Durities, ei, f.
hardness; from
Durus, a, um, adj. (ior, issimus,) hard; severe; harsh;
unfavorable.
Dux, cis, c. (duco,) a leader;
a guide; a commander.
E.
E, ex, prep. out of; from;
of; among.
Ea. See Is.
Ebibo, -bibere, -bibi, -bibitum,
tr. (e & bibo,) to drink up.
Ebrietas, atis, f.   (ebrius,)
drunkenness.
Ebur, oris, n, ivory.
Ecce, int. See! lo! behold!





228


EDICO-ELE USINII.


Edico, -die're, -dixi, -dictum,
tr. (e & dico,) to proclaim;
to announce; to publish; to
order.
Edidi.   See Edo.
Editus. a, um, part. published;
uttered; produced; from
Edo,-dere,-didi,-ditum, tr. (e
& do,) to give out; to publish; to cause; to occasion;
to produce; to make: spectaciilum  edere, to give an
exhibition.
Edo, edere or esse, edi, esum,
tr. irr. ~ 83, 9, to eat; to
consume.
Educatus, a, um, part. from
Edfico, are, avi, atum, tr. (e &
duco,) to bring up; to educate; to instruct.
Educo, -duceere, -duxi, -ductum, tr. (e & duco,) to lead
forth, to bring forth; to
produce; to draw out.
Efficio, -ficere, -feci, -fectum,
tr. (e & facio,) to effect; to
make; to form; to cause; to
accomplish.
Effigies, iei, f. (effingo,) an
image; an effigy.
Efflo, are, avi, atum, tr. (e &
& flo,) to breathe out: anYmam, to die; to expire.
Effugio, -fugire, -ffigi, -fugiturn, tr. & intr. (e & fugio,)
tofly from; to escape; toflee.
Effundo, -fundere, -fJdi, -fiusum, tr. (e & fundo,) to
pour out; to spill; to discharge; to waste; to overflow; to extend or spread.


Effisus, a, um, part. poured
out; wasted.
Egeria, me, f. a nymph of the
Aricinian grove, and from
whom Numa professed to
receive instructions respecting religious rites.
Egero,-gerere,-gessi,-gestum,
tr. (e & gero,) to carry out;
to cast forth; to throw out.
Egestus, a, um, part.
Egi. See Ago.
Ego, mei, subs. pro. I; ~ 28.
Egredior,-gridi,-gressus sum,
intr. dep.(e & gradior,) to go
out; to overflow; to go beyond
EgregiB, adv. in a distinguished manner; excellently; famously; from
Egregius, a, um, adj. (e &
grex,) properly, chosen from
the flock; hence, distinguished; eminent; choice.
Egressus, a, um, part. (egredior.)
Ejusmodi, pro. (genitive of is
& modus,) such; such like;
of the same sort.
Elabor,-labi,-lapsus sum, intr.
dep. (e & labor,) to glide
away; to escape.
Elapsus, a, urn, part. having
passed.
Elephantis, Idis, f. an island
and city in   the southern
part of Egypt.
Elephantus, i & Elephas antis, m. an elephant.
Eleusinii, orum, m. pl. the
Eleusinians; the inhabitants of Eleusis.





ELEUSIS-EPISTOLA.


229


Eleusis & -in, Inis, f. a town
of Attica, sacred to Ceres..
Elido, -lidere, -lisi, -lisum, tr.
(e & laedo,) to strike out; to
dash in pieces; to crush.
Eligo,-ligere,-legi,-lectum, tr.
(e & lego,) to pick out; to
choose; to select.
El6quens, tis, adj. (ior, issimus,) (eloquor,) eloquent.
Eloquentia, ae, f. (id.) eloquence.
Eloquor, -loqui, -locitus sum,
tr. dep. (e & loquor,) to
speak out; to say; to declare; to tell.
Eluceo, -lucere,-luxi, intr. (e
& luceo,) to shine forth.
Emergo, -mergere,       -mersi,
-mersum, intr. (e & mergo,) to emerge; to come out;
to rise up.
Emineo, ere, ui, intr. (e &
mineo, obsol. to stand or
appear above; -hence,) to be
eminent; to rise above; to
be conspicuous; to be distinguished; to appear.
Emitto, -mrittere, -misi, -missum, tr. (e & mitto,) to
send forth; to discharge.
Emo, emere, emi, emptum,
tr. primarily, to take: commonly, to buy; to purchase.
Emorior,-m6ri, or moriri,-mortuus sum, intr. dep. to die.
Emptus, a, um, part. (emo.)
Enascor, -nasci, -natus sum,
intr. dep. to spring from,
or up; to be born; to arise.


Enatus, a, um, part. born of.
Eneco,-necare,-necavi or;necui,-necatum, tr. (e & neco,) to kill (outright.)
Enervo, are, avi, atum, tr. to
unnerve, or enervate; to enfeeble; to weaken.
Enim, conj. for; but; truly;
indeed,
Enna, am, f. a town of Sicily.
Ennius, i, m. a very ancient
Roman poet.
Enuntio, or-cio, are, avi, atum,
tr. (e & nuntio, or -cio,) to
say, or tell out; to proclaim; to disclose; to divulge.
Eo, ire, ivi,, itum, intr. irr.
~ S3, 3, to go.
Eb. adv. (i. e. eo loco,) thither;
to  that degree;    to  that
pitch; to that degree of
eminence.
E5us, i, m. the morning star.
Eous, a, um, adj. eastern; the
eastern.
Epaminondas, a, m. a distinguished Theban general.
Ephesus, i, m. a city on the
western coast of Ionia, near
the river Cayster.
Ephialtes, is. a giant, the son
of Neptune, or of Aloe'us
and brother of Otos.
Epimenides, is, m. a poet oj
Gnossus, in Crete.
Epirus, i, f. a country in the
western part of Greece.
Epistola, m, f. an epistle; a
letter.
O





230


EPULOR-EUROPA.


Epfilor, ari, atus sum, intr.
dep. to feast; to feast upon;
to eat; from
Epuilum, i, n. sing., & Epiile,
arum, f. pl. a solemn feast;
a banquet; a feast. ~ 18, 6.
Eques, itis, m. (equus,) a
knight; a horseman: equltes, pl. knights; horsemen;
cavalry.
Equidem, conj. (ego & quidem,) indeed; I for my
part; (joined mostly with
verbs of the first person.)
Equitatus, fis, m. (equito,) cavalry.
Equus, i, m. a horse.
Eram, Ero, &c. See Sum, ~ 54.
Ereptus, a, um, part. (eripio.)
Erga, prep. towards.
Ergo, conj. therefore.
Erinaceus, i, m. a hedgehog.
Eripio, -ripere, -ripui, -reptum,
tr. (e & rapio,) to tearfrom;
to take from; to rescue; to
take away; to deliver.
Erro, are, avi, atum, intr. to
wander; to err; to stray;
to roam.
Erodo, -rodere, -rosi, -rosum,
tr. (e &  rodo,) to gnaw
away; to consume; to eat
into.
Erudio, ire, ivi, itum, tr. (e &
rudis,) to free from a rude
state; hence, to instruct; to
form; hence,
Eruditio, 6nis, f. instruction;
learning.
Eruditus, a, urn, part. (erudio.)
Esse, Essem, &c. See Sum.


Esuriens, tis, part. hungry, being hungry; from
Esurio, ire, ivi, itum, intr. to
be hungry.
Et, conj. and; also; even: et
- et, both - and.
Etiam, conj. (et & jam,) also;
especially; with an adjective or adverb in the comparative degree, even.
Etruria, T, f. a country of Italy, north and west of the
Tiber; Tuscany.
Etrusci, Brum, m. pl. the people of Etruria; the Tuscans
or Etrurians.
Etruscus, a, um, adj. bclonging to Etruria; Tuscan or
Etrurian.
Eubaea, T, f. a large island in
the /Egean sea, near Baotia.
Eumines, is, m. a general in
Alexander's army; also, the
name of several kings of
Pergamus.
Euns, for iens, part. of eo.
Euphemus, i, m. the father of
Dcedalus.
Euphrates, is, m, a large river
which forms the western
boundary of Mesopotamia.
Euripides, is, m. a celebrated
Athenian tragic poet.
Euripus, i, m. a narrow strait
between Boeotia and Eubcoa.
Europa, m, f. Europe, one of the
quarters of the earth, supposed to have been named
from Europa, the daughter
of Agenor, king of Phenicia.





EUROTAS-EXCOLO


2:31


Euratas, w, m. a river of Laconia, near Sparta.
Euxinus, i, m. from ]    1s0vot.
(hospitable,) (pontus,) the
Euxine, now the Black Sea.
Evido, -vadere, -vasi, -vasum,
tr. & intr. (e & vado,) to go
out; to escape; to become.
Everto, -vertere, -verti, -versum, tr. (e & verto,) to
overturn; to destroy.
Eversus, a, um, part. overturned; destroyed.
Evoco, are, avi, Atum, tr. (e &
voco,) to call out; to summon; to implore.
Ev0lo, are, avi, atum, intr. (e
& volo,) tofly out or away.
Ev6mo,-vomere,-vo'mui,-vomitum, tr. (e & vomo,) to
vomit forth; to discharge.
Ex,prep. (before a vowel) See E
Exactus, a, um, part. (exigo,)
banished; driven away.
Exequo, are, avi, atum, tr. (ex
& mequo,) to make equal; to
equal.
Exanimo, are, avi, atum, tr.
(ex & anima,) to deprive
of life; to kill; to render
lifeless.
Exardesco, -ardesc~re, -arsi,
intr. inc. to burn; to become
inflamed; to kindle; to become excited; to be enraged:
bellum exarsit, a war broke
out.
Exaspero, are, avi, atum, tr.
(ex and asp'ro, to make
rough; fr. asper,) to exasperate; to incense.


Excwco, are, avi, atimn, tr.
(ex & cmcus,) to make blind;
to blind.
Excado, -cedere, -cessi, -cessum, intr. (ex & cedo,) to
go forth, or out; to depart;
tr. to exceed; to surpass; to go
beyond.
Excello, -cellere, -cellui, -celsum, intr. (ex & cello, obsol. to morve;) to be high;to excel; to be eminent.
Excelsus, a, um, adj. (comp.
excelsior,) high; lofty.
Excidium, i, n. destruction;
ruin; from
Excido,-cidere,-cidi, intr. (ex
& cado,) Aofall out orfrom;
to fall; to "drop; to perish.
Excido, -cidere, -cidi, cisum,
tr. (ex & caedo,) to cut out;
to cut down; to hew out.
Excisus, a, urn, part.
Excipio, -cipere, -c6pi, -ceptumrn, tr. (ex & capio,) to
take out; to except; to receive; to support; to follow;
to succeed; to sustain.
Excitandus, a, um, part. from
Excito, are, avi, atum, tr.
freq. (excieo,) to excite;
to awaken; to arouse; to
stir up.
Exclamo, are, avi, atum, tr.
(ex & clamo,) to cry out;
to exclaim.
Exclaido, -cludere, -clisi,-clisum, tr. (ex & claudo,) to
shut out; to exclude; to
hatch.
Excblo,-colore, -colui,-culturm,





232


EXCRUCIO--EXPEDIO.


tr. (ex & colo,) to cultivate;
to exercise.
Excrucio, are, avi, atum, tr.
(ex & crucio,) to torture;
to torment;   to  trouble;
~ 91,4.
Excubia, arum, f. pl. (excfibo,) a guard; a watch; asentinel; (generally by night.)
See vigilia & statio.
Excusatio, anis, f. (excfiso,)
an excusing; an excuse; an
apology.
Exedo, -edIre &    esse, -Zdi,
-esum, tr. irr. (ex & edo,
$ 83, 9) to eat; to eat up;
to devour.
Exemplum, i, n. an example;
an instance.
Exequim.    See Exsequiem.
Exerceo, ere, ui, itum, tr. (ex
& arceo,) to exercise; to
train;  to discipline;   to
practice: agrum, to cultivate the earth.
Exercitus, is, m. an army; (a
body of disciplined troops.)
Exhaurio, -haurire,-   hausi,
-haustum, tr.(ex & haurio,)
to draw out; to exhaust; to
drain; to wear out; to impoverish.
Exigo, -ig ere, -6gi, -actum, tr.
(ex & ago,) to drive away;
to banish.
Exiguus, a, um, adj. (comp.)
little; small; scanty; see
parvus.
Exilis, e, adj.(exilior, ~ 26, 1,)
slender; small; thin.
Exilium, and exsilium, i, n.


(ex & solum,) exile; banishment.
Eximie, adv. remarkably; very; from
Eximius, a, um, adj. (eximo,)
extraordinary; remarkable.
Existimatio, anis, f. opinion;
reputation; respect; from
Existimo, are, avi, atum, tr.
(ex & vestimo,) to judge, o:r
think; to imagine; to suppose.
Exitium, i, n. (exeo,) properly
issue; end: usually destruction; ruin.
Exitus, us, m. (id.) an exit;
the event; the issue; an
outlet.
Exoratus, a, um, part. (exoro,)
entreated; influenced; induced.
Exorior,-oriri,-ortus sum, intr.
dep. (ex & orior,) to rise
up, or out of; to arise; to
appear.
Exorno, are, avi, atum, tr. (ex
&   orno,)  to   adorn;   to
deck.
Exoro, are, avi, atum, tr. (ex
&  oro,) to entreat or beseech earnestly. ~ 91, 4.
Exortus, a, um, part. (exorior,)
risen; having arisen.
Expecto, or -specto, are, avi,
Atum, tr. (ex & specto,) to
look for; to wait for.
Expedio, ire, ivi, itum, tr. (ex
& pes,) properly to take the
foot out of    confinement,
hence, to free; to extricate,
to expedite: expedit, imp





EXPEDITIO-EXTORQUEO             2


23-1


it is fit; it is expedient;
hence,
Expeditio,6nis,f. an expedition
Expello, -pelle're, -ptili, -pulsum, tr. (ex & pello,) to
drive out; to expel; to banish.
Expers, tiz, adj. (ex & pars,)
having no part in; hence,
without; devoid; void of;
destitute of;
Exp-to, ere, Ivi, itum, tr. (ex
& peto,) to ask; to demand;
to strive after; to seek earnestly.
Expio, are, avi, atum, tr. (ex
& pio,) tofree from the pollution of some crime or offence; to expiate; to appease.
Expleo, ere, evi, Ztum, tr. (ex
& pleo,) to fill up, to fill
full.
Explico, are, Avi, & ui, Atum
& itum, tr. (ex & plico,) to
unfold; to spread; to explain.
Explorator, bris, m. (exploro,)
a spy; a scout.
Expolio, ire,ivi, itum, tr. (ex &
polio,) to polish; to adorn;
to improve; tofinish. ~ 91,4.
Exp~no, ponire, -posui, -positum, tr. (ex & pono,) to set
forth; to expose; to explain.
Exprobro, are, Avi, Atum, tr.
(ex & probrum,) to upbraid;
to blame; to reproach; to
cast in one's teeth.
Expugno, are, avi, atum, tr.
(ex & pugno,) to take by


assault; to conquer; to 'va-iquish; to subdue; to take
by storm.   ~ 91, 4.
Expulsus,a,um, part.(expelio.)
Exsequiai, Arum, f. pl. (exs6 -quor,) funeral rites.
Exsilio, or Exilio, ire, ii & ni,
intr. (ex & salio,) to spring
up or out; to leap forth.
Exspiro, orExpiro, are, avi,
Atum, tr. (ex &   spiro,) to
breathe forth; to expire; to
die.
Exstinctus, or Extinctus, a,
um, part. dead; from
Exstinguo, -stinguere, -stinxi,
-stinctum, tr. (ex &  stinguo,) to extinguish; to kill,
to put to death; to destroy.
Exstructus, or Extructus, a,
um, part. from
Exstruo, or Extruo, -struere,
struxi, -structum, tr. (ex &
struo,) to build, or pile up;
to construct.
Exsurgo, -surgire, -surrexi,
-surrectum, intr. (ex & surgo,) to rise up; to arise; to
swell; to surge.
Exter, or Exterus, a, um, adj.
(exterior, extimus or extremus, ~ 26, 2.) forezgn;
strange; outward.
Exto, extare,. extiti, intr. (ex &
sto,) to stand out orforth;
usually to be; to remain:
to be extant.
Extorqueo, -torquire, -torsi,
-tortum, tr. (ex & torqueo,)
to extort; to wrestfrom; to
obtain by force.





234


EXThA--FAMILIARITAS.


Extra, prep. (for extira, scil.
parte,) beyond; without; except.
Extractus, a, um, part. from
Extrtaho, -trahere, traxi, -tractum, tr. (ex & traho,) to
draw out; to extract; to
extricate; to free; to rescue; to liberate.
Extremus, a, um, adj. (sup of
exterus,) extreme; the last;
the farthest.
F.
Faba, m, f. a bean.
Fabius, i, m. the name of an
illustrious Roman family.
Fabricius, i, m. a Roman, distinguishedfor his integrity.
Fabrico, are, avi, atum, tr.
(faber,) to make; to forge;
to manufacture.
Fabiila, m, f. (fari,) a story;
a fable; a    tradition; a
play.
Fabulosus, a, ur, adj. comp.
(fabiila,) fabulous.
Faciendus, a, um, part. (facio.)
Faciens, tis, part. (facio.)
Facies, iei, f. (facio,) a face;
appearance.
Facil, adv. (iuis, lime,) easily;
willingly;   clearly;   undoubtedly; from
Facilis, e, adj. (facio,) (comp.
~ 26, 1,) easy.
Facinus, Oris, n. any action; a
bold deed; a crime; an exploit; from


Facio, facere, feci, factum,
tr. to do; to make; to value: (spoken of individual
things:) facere iter, to
travel: male facere, to injure; to hurt: sacra facere, to offer sacrifice: facere pluris, to value higher:
certi5rem, to inform: fac,
take care; cause; hence,
Factum, i, n. an action; a
deed.
Factufrus, a, um, part. (facio.)
Factus, a, um, part. (facio,)
made; done: facta obviam, meeting: praeda facta,
booty having been taken.
Facundus, a, um, adj. (ior,
issimus,) eloquent; from
fari.
Falerii, orum, m. pl. a town
of Etruria.
Falernus, i, m. a mountain of
Campania famous for its
wine.
Falernus,a, um, adj. belonging
to Falernus; Falernian.
Falisci, orum, m. pl. the inhabitants of Falerii.
Fama, m, f. fame; reputation;
report.
Famelicus, a, um, adj. hungry; famished; from
Fames, is, f. hunger famine.
Familia, e, f. (familus,) a
family; servants; hence,
Familiaris, e, adj. (comp.) of
the same family; familiar,
hence,
Familiaritas, atis, f. friendship; intimacy; confidence.





FAMIILIARITER-FEROX.


235


Familiariter, adv. (iuis, issimi,) (id.) familiarly; on
terms of intimacy.
Famiila, Ve, f. (famuilus, a servant;) a maid; a female
servant or slave.
Fas, n. ind. (for,) right; (by
the laws of religion or of
God:) a lawful thing.
Fascis, is, m. a bundle; a fagot: fasces, pl. bundles of
birchen rods, carried before
the Roman      magistrates,
with an axe bound up in
the middle of them.
Fatilis, e, adj. (fatum,) fatal;
ordained by fate.
Fateor, fateri, fassus sum, tr.
dep. to confess.
Fatidicus, a, um, adj. (fatum
& dico,) prophetic.
Fatigatus, a, urn, part. from
Fatigo, are, dvi, atum, tr. to
weary.
Fatum, i, n. (for; i. e. a thing
declared or determined;)
fate; destiny: fata, pl. the
fates.
Fauce, f. (in the abl. only, in
the sing. ~ 18, 10,) the
throat:   pl. fauces, the
throat; the jaws; the straits.
Faustuilus, i, m. the shepherd
by whom Romulus and Remus were brought up.
Faveo, favere, favi, fautum,
mtr. to favor; hence,
Favor, Bris, m. favor; good
will; partiality; applause.
Febris, is, f. (for ferbis, fr.
ferveo,) a fever.


Feci. See Facio.
Felicitas, atis, f. (felix,) felicity; good fortune; happiness.
Feliciter, adv. (ius, issime,;
fortunately;    successfully;
happily.
Felis, is, f. a cat.
Felix, Icis, adj. (ior, issimus,)
happy;fortunate; fruitful;
fertile; opulent; auspicious;
favorable.
Femina, re, f. a female; a woman.
Femineus, a, um, adj. (femina,) female; feminine; pertaining to females.
Fera, ae, f. a wild beast.
Ferax, dcis, adj. (ior, issimus,)
(fero,)fruitful; productive;
fertile; abounding in.
Fere, adv. almost; nearly;
about: ferb nullus, scarcely
any one.
Ferens, tis, part. (fero.)
Ferinus, a, um, adj. (fera,) of
wild beasts.
Ferio, ire, tr. to strike, or
beat.
Fero, ferre, tuli, latum, tr. irr.
to bear; to carry; to relate,
to bring; to produce: ferre
manum, to stretch forth; to
extend: ferunt, they say.
Feror, ferri, latus sum, pass.
to be carried; to flow; to
move rapidly; to fly: fertur, imp. it is said: hence,
Ferox, ocis, adj. (ior, issimus,) wild;fierce; savage;
ferocious.





236


FERREUS--FLAGRO.


Ferreus, a, um, adj. iron; obdurate; from
Ferrum, i. n. iron; a sword;
a knife.
Fertilis, e, adj. (ior, issimus,)
(fero,) fertile; fruitful;
hence,
Fertilitas, atis, f. fertility;
richness; fruitfulness.
Feriila, ae, f. (ferio,) a staff; a
reed.
Ferus, a, um, adj. wild; rude;
uncultivated; uncivilized;
savage.
Ferveo, fervere, ferbui, intr.
to boil; to seethe; to foam;
-to be hot; to glow.
Fessus, a, um, adj. (fatiscor,)
weary; tired; fatigued.
Festum, i, n. afeast; from
Festus, a, umn, adj. festive;
joyful; merry.
Ficus, i & uis, f. a fig-tree; a
fig.
Fidelis, e, adj. (comp.) faithful; from
Fides, ei, f. fidelity; faith:
in fidem, in confirmation:
in fidem   accipere, to receive under    one's protection.
Figo, figere, fixi, fixum, tr. to
fix; to fasten.
Filia, e, f. ~ 9, 4; a daughter.
Filius, i, m. ~ 10, Exc. 5; a
son.
Filum, i, n. a thread.
Findo, findere, fidi, fissum, tr.
to split; to cleave.
Fingens, tis, part. feigning;
pretending; from


Fingo, fingere, finxi, fictum,
tr. to form: to make; to devise; to pretend; to feign.
Finio, ire, ivi, itum, tr. to
end; to finish; to terminate;
from
Finis, is, d. the end; a boundary; a limit: fines, m. pl.
the limits of a country, &c.
Finitus, a, um, part. (finio.)
Finitimus, a, um, adj. (finis,)
neighboring.
Fio, fieri, factus sum, irr. pass.
~ 83, 8; (facio,) to be
made; to become; to happen: fit, it happens: factum est, it happened; it
came to pass.
Firmitus, a, um, part. (firmo.)
Firmiter, adv. (iis, issime,)
(firmus,) firmly; securely.
Firmo, are, avi, atum, tr. to
make firm; to confirm; to
establish; from
Firmus, a, um, adj. (comp.)
firm: strong; secure.
Fissus, a, um, part. (findo.)
Fixus, a, um, part. (figo,)
fixed; permanent.
Flagello, are, avi, atum, tr. to
whip; to scourge; to lash.
Flagitiosus, a, um, adj. (ior,
issimus,) shameful; infamous; outrageous; from
Flagitium, i, n. a shameful action; an outrage; a crime;
a dishonor; villany.
Flagro, are, avi, atum, intr.
to burn; to be on fire; to
suffer; to be oppressed; to
be violent.





FLAMINIUS-FOSSA.


237


Flaminiis, i, m. a Roman.
Flavus, a, ur, adj. yellow.
Flamma, me, f. a flame.
Flecto, flectere, flexi, flexum,
tr. to bend; to bow; to turn;
to move; to prevail upon.
Fleo, &re, evi, etum, tr. & intr.
to weep; to lament.
Fletus, us, m, weeping; tears.
Flevo, 5nis, m. a lake near the
mouth of the Rhine, now
the Zuyder-Zee.
Flexus, a, um, part. (flecto,)
bent; changed; turned.
Floreo, ere, ui, intr. (flos,) to
bloom; to blossom; to flourish; to be distinguished.
Flos, floris, in. a flower a blossom.
Fiuctus, us, m. (fluo,) a wave.
Fluo, fiu6re, fluxi, fluxum, intr.
to flow; hence,
Fluvius, i, m. properly,       a
river.
Flumen, inis, n.     (fluo,)  an
abundant flowing; viz., of
waters, or of    any   thing
else; as, flumen verbarum,
oratiSnis. Cic.   Usually, a
river.
Fodio, fodere, fodi, fossum,
tr. to dig; to pierce; to
bore.
Foecunditas, atis, f. fruitfulness; from
Fcecundus, a, um, adj. (ior,
issimus,) fruitful; fertile.
Foedus, eris, n. a   league; a
treaty.
Folium, i, n. a leaf.


fons, tis, m. a fountain; a
source; a spring.
Forem, def. verb, g 84, 5;
would or should be: fore,
to be about to be; it would
or will come to pass.
Foris, adv. abroad.
Forma, ae, f. a form; shape,
figure; beauty.
Formica, De, f. an ant.
Formido, inis, f. fear; dread;
terror; hence
FormidolSsus,    a,  um,    adj.
(comp.) fearful; timorous.
Formositas, atis,, f. beauty;
elegance; from
FormSsus, a, um, adj. (ior, issimus,)   beautiful;  handsome; from forma.
Fors, tis, f. (fero,) chance; fortune.
Fortasse, adv. (fors,) perhaps;
(applied to what may happen.)
Forte, adv. (abl. fr. fors.) accidentally; by chance; (applied to what did happen.)
Fortis, e, adj. (ior, issimus,)
bold; brave; courageous.
Fortiter, adv.    (iuis,  issimB,)
bravely; from fortis.
Fortitudo, inis, f. (fortis,) boldness; bravery.
Fortfina, m, f. (fors,) fortune;
chance.
Forum, i, n. the market place;
the forum; the court of justice.
Fossa, Me, f. (fodio,) a ditch; a
trench; a moat.





938


FOVEA-FUINESTUS.


Fovea, e, f. a pit.
Foveo, fovere, favi, fotum, tr.
to keep warm; to cherish.
Fractus, a, um, part. (frango.)
Fragilis, e, adj.(frango,)frail;
perishable.
Fragilitas, atis, f. (fragilis,)
frailty; weakness.
Fragmentum, i, n. (frango,) a
fragment; a piece.
Frango, frangire, fregi, fractum, tr. to break; to break
in pieces; to weaken; to destroy.
Frater, tris, inm. a brother.
Fraudulentus, a, um,      adj.
comp. (fraus ) fraudulent;
deceitful; treacherous.
Frequens, tis, adj. (ior, issimus,) frequent; numerous.
Fretum, i, n. a strait; a'sea.
Frico, fricare, fricui, frictum
& fricAtum, tr. to rub.
Frigidus, a, um, adj. (ior, issimus cold; from
Frigus, 6ris, n. cold.
Frons, frondis, f. a leaf of a
tree; a branch with leaves.
Fructus,   is, m. (fruor,) use;
enjoyment; hence, fruit;
produce; advantage.
Frugis, gen. f. (frux, nom.
scarcely used,) properly,
all that the earth produces
for our subsistence; corn;
fruges, urn, pl.fruits; the
various kinds of corn.
Frumentum, i, n. (fruor,) corn;
wheat.
Fruor, frui, fruitus. & fructus,
intr. dep. to enjoy.


Frustri, adv. (frudo, id. ac
fraudo,) in vain; to no purpose.
Frustratus, a, um, part. from
Frustror, ari, atus sum, dep.
(frustra,) to frustrate; to
deceive.
Frutex, icis, m. a shrub; a bush.
Fuga, ce, f. aflight.
Fugax, icis, adj.(acior, acissimus,) swift; fleeting; from
fugio.
Fugiens, tis, part. from
Fugio, fugere, fugi, fugitum,
intr. & tr. to fly; to escape,
to avoid; to flee; to fee
from.
Fugo, are, avi, dtum, tr. to put
to flight; to drive off; to
chase.
Fui, Fueram, &c. See Sum.
Fulgeo, fulgere, fulsi, intr. to
shine.
Fuligo, Inis, f. (fumus,) soot.
Fullo, onis, m. afuller
Fulmen, inis, n. (i. e. fulgimen, fr. fulgeo,) thunder;
a thunderbolt; lightning.
Fundle, is, n. (funis,) a torch.
Funditus, adv. (fundus,) from
thefoundation;;utterly.
Fundo, fundere, fudi, fusum,
tr. to pour out: lacrymas,
to shed tears: hostes, to
scatter; to rout; to discomfit.
Fundus, i, m. the bottom   of
any thing: also a farm; a
field: imus fundus, the
very bottom.
Funestus, a, um, adj. (ior, isýimus,) (funus,) polluted by





PUNGOR-GENITTS.


239


a dead body; fatal; de- Gallicus, a, um, adj. belongstructive.                    ing to Gaul; Gallic.
Fungor, fungi, functus sum, Gallina, e, f. a hen.
intr. dep. to perform or dis- Gallinaceus, i, m. a cock.
char'ge an office; to do; to Gallus, i, m. a cock.
execute: fato, to die.     Gallus, i, m. an inhabitant of
Funis, is, d. a rope; a cable.   Gallia; a Gaul; also a cogFunus, eris, n. a funeral; fu-   namen of several Romans.
neral obsequies.           Ganges, is, m. the name of a
Fur, furis, c. a thief.          large river in India.
Furciila, ae, f. dim. (furca,) a Garumna, me, f. the Garonne,
little fork: Furcfile Cau-    a river of Aquitania.
dinm, the name of a narrow  Gaudeo,gaudere,gavisus sum,
defile in the country of the  n. pass. ~ 78; to rejoice; to
Hirpini, in Italy, where      delight; to be pleased with.
the Romans were defeated Gaudium,i,n.joy; gladness.
by the Samnites.           Gavlsus, a, um, part. (gauFuriosus, a um, adj. (comp.)     deo,) rejoicing; having refurious; mad; from furo.      joiced.
Furius, i, m. the name of sev- Geminus, a, um, adj. double:
ral Romans.                   gemini filii, twin sons.
Fusus, a, um, part. (fundo.)  Gemitus, fs, m, (gemo,) a
Futirus, a, um, part. (sum,)     groan; a sigh.
about to be; future.       Gemmatus, a, um, part. adorned with gems; gemmed;
G.                  glittering; from
Gemmo, are, avi, atum, tr.
Gades, ium, f. pl. the name of   (gemma,) to adorn with
an  island  and town   in     gems.
Spain, near the straits of  Gener, eri, m. a son-in-law.
Gibraltar, now Cadiz.      Genero, are, avi, atum, tr.(geGaditanus, a, um, adj. of        nus,) to beget; to produce.
Gades or Cadiz: fretum    Generositas, atis, nobleness of
Gaditanum, the straits of     mind; magnanimity; from
Gibraltar.                 Generosus, a, um, adj. (ior,
Galatia, M, f. a country in the  issimus,) (genus,) noble;
interior of Asia Minor.       spirited; brave; generous;
Gallia, e, f. Gaul, now France.  fruitful; fertile.
Gallime, pl. the divisions of Genitus, a, um, part. (gigno,
Gaul.                         born; produced.





240


GENS-GRASSOR.


Gens, tis, f. a nation; a tribe;
a family; a clan.
Genui.   See Gigno.
Genus, eris, n. a race; afanmily; a sort or kind.
Geometria, e, f. geometry.
Gerens, tis, part. (gero,) bearing; conducting.
Germanus, i, m. a German;
an inhabitant of Germany.
Germania, e, f. Germany.
Germanicus, a, um, adj. German; of Germany.
Gero, gerere, gessi, gestum,
tr. to bear; to carry; (viz:
a load or burden;) to do; to
conduct or manage; (spoken of one who has the
charge; see ago and facio;)
res eas gessit, performed
such exploits: odium, to
hate: onus, to bear a burden: bellum, to wage or
carry on war.
Geryon-is,m.a giant who was
slain by Hercules,and whose
oxenwere driven into Greece.
Gestans, tis, part. from
Gesto, are, avi, atum, tr. freq.
(gero,) to bear; to carry
about.
Gestus, a, um, part. borne; performed-: res gests, see Res.
Gete, arum, m. pl. a savage
people of Dacia, north of
the Danube.
G igas, antis, m a giant..
Gigno, gignere, genui, genitum,tr. to beget; to bring
forth; to bear; to produce.
Glaber, bra, brum. adj. (bri

or, berrimus,) bald; bare,
smooth.
Glacialis, e, adj. icy;freezing;
from
Glacies, ei, f. ice.
Gladiator, oris, m. (gladius,) a
gladiator.
Gladiatorius, a, um, adj. belonging   to a   gladiator
gladiatorial; from
Gladius, i, m. a sword.
Glans, dis, f. mast; an acorn.
Glisco, ere, intr. to increase.
Gloria, ze, f. glory; fame.
Glorior, ari, atus sum, intr.
dep. to boast.
Gnavus, a, um, adj. (comp.)
active; industrious.
Gorgias, ae, m, a celebrated
sophist and orator.
Gracilis, e, adj. (ior, limus,
~ 26, 1,) slender; lean; delicate.
Gracchus, i, m. the name of an
illustrious Roman family.
Gradior, gradi, gressus sum,
intr. d(ep. to go; to walk; fr.
Gradus, fis, m. a step; a stair.
Grmcia, ae, f. Greece.
Graecus, a, um, adj. Grecian;
Greek:-subs. a Greek.
Grandis, e, adj. (ior, issirnus,)
large; great; ( in a higher
sense than magnus.)
Granicus, i, m. a river of Mysia, emptying into the Propontis.
Grassor, ari, Atus sum, intr.
dep. freq, (gradior,) to advance; to    march; to proceed; to make an attack.





GRATES-HANNIBAL.


241


Grates, def. f. pl. (gratus,) Gvges, is, mn. a rich king of
thanks: agere grates, to       Lydia.
thank.    18, 12.          Gymnosophiste,     arum,   m
Gratia, e, f. (gratus,) grace;    Gymnosophists; a sect of
favor; thanks; return: re-     Indian philosophers.
quital; gratitude: habere,
tofeel indebted or obliged;            iH.
to be grateful: in gratiam,
in favor of: gratis, for the Habens, tis, part. from.
sake.                       Habeo, gre, ui, itum, tr. to
Gratulatus, a, um, part. hav-     have; to possess; to hold;
ing congratulated; from       to esteem; to suppose; to
Gratillor, ari, Atus sum, intr.   take; habere consilium, to
dep. to congratulate; from     deliberate.
Gratus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi- Habito, Are, ivi, Atum, tr. &
m1s,) acceptable; pleasing;    intr. to inhabit; to dwell.
grateful.                   I-Habitiirus, a, um, part. (haGravis, e, adj. (ior, issimus,)   beo.)
heavy; severe; great; grave; Habitus, a, um, part. (habeo.)
important; violent; noxious; Habitus, is, m. (habeo,) habunwholesonme: gravis som-      it; form; dress; attire;
nus, sound sleep; hence,       manner.
Gravitas, ttis, f. heaviness; Hactenus, adv. (hic & tenus,)
gravity; weight.               hitherto; thus far.
GravIter, adv. (iis, isslmn,) Hadrianus, i, m. Adrian, the
hardly; heavily; grievous-   fifteenth emperor of Rombe.
ly; severely; from gravis.  Hmmus, i, m. a mountain of
Gravo, ire, Rvi, aitum, tr. (gra-  Thrace, from  whose top,
vis,) to load; to oppress; to  both the Euxine and Adriburden.                        atic seas can be seen.
Gregatim, adv. (grex,) in Halcyon, or Alcyon, 6nis, f.
herds.                        the halcyon or kingfisher.
Gressus, 's, m. (gradior,) a      See Alcyone.
step; a pace; a gait.      Halicarnassus, i, f. a maritime
Grex, gis, c. aflock; a herd; a   city of Caria, the birthcompany.                      place of Herod6tus.
Grus, gruis, c. a crane.      Hamilcar, aris, m. a CarthaGubernator, bris, m. (guberno,   ginian general.
to govern;) a pilot; a ruler. Hannibal, Wis, m. a brave
Gylrus, i, f. one of the Cy-      Carthaginian general, the
cla'des.                       son of Hamilcar.
21





242


HANNO-HE SPERUS.


Ha.no, onis, m. a Carthaginian general.
Harmonia, m, f. the wife of
Cadmus, and daughter of
Mars and Venus.
Harpyia, arum, f. pl. the
Harpies; winged monsters,
having the faces of women,
and the bodies of vultures.
Haruspex, Icis, m. (ara &
specio,) a soothsayer; a diviner; one who pretended
to a knowledge of future
events from inspecting the
entrails of victims.
Hasdruibal, alis, m. a Carthaginian general, the brother
of Hannibal.
Hasta, W, f. a spear; a lance.
Haud, adv. not.
Haurio, haurire, hausi, haustum, tr. to draw out; to
drink; to swallow.
Haustus,ius, m. (id.) a draught.
Hebes, etis, adj.(comp.) blunt;
obtuse; dim.
Hebesco, re, intr. inc. (hebeo)
to grow   blunt, dim, or
dull.
Hebrus, i, m. a large river of
Thrace.
Heciiba, a, f. the wife of Priam, king of Troy.
Hedera, a, f. ivy.
Hegesias, m, m. an eloquent
philosopher of Cyrene.
Helena, ve, f. Helen, the daughter of Jupiter and Leda,
and wife of Menelaus.
helicon, onis, m. a mountain
of Bwotia, near Parnassus,


and sacred to Apollo and
the Muses.
Helvetia, e, f. a country in
the eastern part of Gaul,
now Switzerland.
Helvetii, orum, m. pl. Helvetians; the inhabitants of Helvetia.
Helleborum, i, n. or Helleborus, i, m. the herb helle.
bore.
Hellespontus, i, m. a strait
between Thrace and Asia
Minor, now called the Dardanelles.
Heraclea, e, f. the name of
several cities in  Magna
Grcecia, in Pontus, in Syria, &c.
Herba, ae, f. an herb; grass;
hence,
Herbidus, a, um, adj. (comp.)
grassy; full of herbs or
grass.
Hercuiles, is, m. a celebrated
hero, son of Jupiter and
Alcmena.
Hercynius, a, ur, adj. Hercy..
nian: Hercynia silva, a
large forest in Germany,
now the Black Forest.
Heres, or Heres, edis, c. an
heir.
Herennius, i, m. a general of
the Samnites.
Hero, fis,(~15,13,) f. a priestess of Venus, who resided
at Sestos, and who was beloved by Leander, a youth
of Abydos.
Hesperus, i, m. a son of lapg




IIEU-HORRIDUS.


243


tus, who settled in Italy,
and from whom that country was called Hespcria;
also the evening star.
Heu! int. alas! ah!
Hians, tis, part. (hio.)
Hiatus, fis, m. (hio,) an opening; a chasm; an aperture.
Hibernicus, a, um, adj. Irish:
(probably from Hiberna,
the winter quarters of the
Roman soldiers.)
Hibernus, a. um, adj. (hiems,)
of winter; wintry.
Hic, adv. here; in this place.
lic, haec, hoc, pro. ~ 31,
this; he; she, &c.
Hiempsal, alis, m. a king of
Numidia.
Hiems, emis, f. winter.
Hiero, onis, m. tyrant of Syracuse.
Hiersolyma, a, f. & Hiersolynma, orum, n. pl. Jerusalem,
the capital of Judea.
Hinc, adv. hence; from hence;
from this; from this time.
Hinnio, ire, ivi, itum, intr. to
neigh; hence,
Hinnitus, us, m. a neighing.
Hinnuleus, i, m. (hinnus,) a
fawn.
Hio, are, avi, Mtum, intr. gape;
to yawn; to open t4e mouth;
to long for.
Hipparchus, i, m. the son of
Pisistratus, a tyrant of
Athens.
Hippolytus, i, m. the son of
Theseus.
Hippomenes, is, m. the son of


Megareus, and husband of
Atalanta.
Hippopot6mus, i, m. the hip.
popotamus,or river-horse.
Hispania, me, f. Spain.
Hispanus, a, um, adj. Spanish:
subs. m. a Spaniard.
Hodie, adv. (i. e. hoc die,) today; at this time; now-adays.
Hodieque, (for hodie quoque,)
adv. to this day; to this
time.
Hoedus, i, m. a kid; a young
goat,
Homerus, i, m. Homer, the
most ancient and illustrious of the Greek poets.
Homo, inis, c.(humus,) a man;
a person; one.
Honestas, atis, f. honor; virtue; dignity; from
Honestus, a, um, adj. honorable; noble; from
Honor & -os, bris, m. honor; respect; an honor: an office.
Honorifice, adv. (centiis, centissime, from honorificus,
~ 26, 3,) honorably: parum
honorifice,   slightingly;
with little respect.
Hora, m, f. an hour.
Horatius, i, m., Horace; the
name of several Romans:
Horatii, pl. three Roman
brothers, who fought with
the three Curiatii.
Hortensius, i, m. the name of
several Romans.
Horridus, a, um, adj. comp.
(horreo, to  bristle up;)





244


HORTATUS-IDIEUS.


rough; rugged; rude; unpolished; barbarous.
Hortatus, is, m. an exhortation; instigation; advice; fr.
Hortor, ari, atus sum, tr. dep.
to exhort.
Hortus, i, m. a garden.
Hospes, itis, c. a stranger; a
visitor; a guest; a host.
Hospitium, i, n. (hospes,) hospitality:  hospitio  accipire, to entertain.
Hostia, m, f. (hostis,) a victim.
Hostilius, i, m. (Tullus,) the
third king of Rome: a cognomen   among the Romans.
Hostis, is, c. an enemy.
Hue, adv. (hoc,) hither: hue
-  illuc, hither -  thither;
now here - now there.
Hujusmodi, adj. ind. (gen. of
hic & modus,) of this sort
or kind.
Humanitas, atis, f. humanity;
kindness; gentleness; from
Hummnus, a, um, adj. comp.
(homo,) human.
Humerus, i, m. the shoulder.
Humilis, e, adj. (humi,) (ior,
limus, ~ 26,1.) humble: humili loco natum esse, to be
born in a humble station, or
of obscure parents.
Humor, bris, m.(humeo,) moisture; pl. liquids; humors.
Humus, i, f. the ground: humi, on the ground. S 130,
Obs. 7.
Hymna, m, f. the hyena.
Hydrus, i, m. a water snake.


Hymnus, i, m. a hymn; a song
of praise.
Hyperboreus, a, um, adj. (i7rp
O'psaE,) properly, living beyond the source of the north
wind; northern: Hyperborei, brum, m. pl. people
inhabiting the northern regions; beyond Scythia.
Hystrix, icis, f. a porcqpine.
I
Iapitus, the son of Cclus and
Terra.
Iberus, i, m. a river of Spazn,
now the Ebro.
Ibi, adv. there; here; then.
Ibidem, adv. in the same place.
Ibis, idis, f. the ibis, the Egyp
tian stork.
Icarus, i, m. the son of Dcedlus
Icarius, a, um, adj. of Icdrus,
Icarian.
Ichneumon, inis, m. the ichneumon or Egyptian rat.
Ichniusa, v, f. anancient Greek
name of Sardinza.
Ico, icere, ici, ictum, tr. to
strike: fcadus, to make,
ratify or conclude a league
or treaty.
Ictus, a, um, part.
Ictus, us, m. (ico,) a blow; a
stroke.
Ida, m, f. a mountain of Troas,
near Troy.
Ideus, a, um, adj. belonging
to Ida: mons Idmus, mount
Ida.





IDEM-I-IMOLO.


245


Idem, eidem, idem, pro. ~ 31,
the same.
Idoneus,a,um,adj.fit; suitable.
Igitur, conj. therefore; then.
Ignarus, a, um, adj. (in & gnarus,) ignorant.
Ignavus, a, urn, adj. comp.
(in & gnavus,) inactive; idle;
cowardly.
Ignis, is, m. fire; flame.
Ignobilis, e, adj. (in & nobilis,)
unknown; ignoble; mean.
Ignoro, are, avi, atum, tr. (ignarus,) to be ignorant; not
to know.
Ignatus, a, um, part & adj.
(in & notus,) unknown.
Ilium, i, n. Ilium or Troy,
the principal city of Troas.
Illatus, a, um, part. (from infiro,) brought in; inferred.
Ille, a, ud, pro. ~ 31; that; he;
she;  it;  the former; pl.
they, those.
Illecebra, oe, f. (illicio,) an allurement; an enticement.
Illico, adv. (in & loco,) in that
place;   immediately;     instantly.
Illuc, adv. (illoc,) thither: huc
-   illuc, now  here -   now
there.
Illustris, e, adj. (ior, issimus,)
illustrious; famous; celebrated; from
Illustro, are, avi, atum, tr. (in
& lustro,) to enlighten; to
illustrate; to render famous; to celebrate; to make
renowned.
Illyria, ae, f. a country opposite


to Italy, and bordering on
the Adriatic.
Imago, inis, f. an image; a
picture; afigure; a resemblance.
Imbecillis, e, adj. (in & bacfilus, as if leaning   on a
staff:) (lior, limus, ~ 26, 1,)
weak; feeble.
Imber,bris, m. a shower; a rain.
Imitatio, anis, f. imitation: ad
imitatianem, in imitation;
from
Imitor, ari, Atus sum, tr. dep.
to imitate; to copy.
Immanis, e, adj. comp. (in &
magnus,) very great; huge;
monstrous; cruel; dreadful,
Immensus, a, um, adj. (in &
mensus,)    immeasurable;
boundless; immoderate.
Immeritus, a, um, part. (in &
meritus,) not deserving,
undeserved.
Imminens, tis, part. hanging
over; threatening; from
Immineo, ere, ui, intr. (in &
mineo,) to hang over; to
impend; to threaten; to be
near.
Immissus, a, um, part. admitted; sent in; darted in; from
Immitto, -mittere, -misi, -missum, tr. (in & mitto,) to let
in; to send to, into, against
or upon; to throw at.
Immobilis, e, adj. comp. (inl
&   mobilis,)  immovable;
steadfast.
Immrlo, are, avi, Atum, tr.
(in & mola,) properly, to





246


IMMORTALIS- IMPONO.


sprinkle with the mola or
salted cake; hence, to sacrifice; to immolatt.
Immortalis, e, adj. (in & mortalis,) immortal.
Immatus, a, um, part. (in &
motus,) unmoved; still;
motionless.
Immutatus, a, ur, part. altered; changed; (sometimes,
exchanged;) from
Immfito, are, avi, atum, tr.
(in & muto,) to change; to
alter.
Impatiens, tis, adj. (in and patiens,) impatient; not able
to endure.
Impeditus, a, um, part. impeded; hindered;    encumbered; entangled; from
Impedio, ire, Ivi, itum, tr. (in
& pes,) properly, to fetter;
hence, to impede; to obstruct; to check; to delay;
to prevent; to disturb.
Impendeo, -pendere,     wants
pret. & sup. intr. (in & pendeo,) to hang over; to impend; to threaten.
Impenetrabilis, e, adj. (in &
penetrabilis,) impenetrable.
Impense, adv. (iuis, issime,)
exceedingly; greatly; from
impensus.
Imperator, 6ris, m. (impero,)
a commander; a general.
Imperito, are, avi, atum, tr.
freq. (impero,) to command;
to rule; to govern.
Imperitus, a, ur, adj. (ior
issimus, (in & peritus,) in

experienced; unacquainted
with.
Imperium, i, n. a command;
government; reign; supreme authority; power;
(imperium, military conmand;-potestas, civil authority;) from
Impero, are, avi, atum, tr. to
command; to order; to direct; to govern; to rule over.
Impertiens, tis, part. from
Impertio, ire, ivi, itum, tr. (in
& partio,) to impart; to
share; to give.
Impetro, are, avi, atum, tr.
(in & patro,) to obtain; to
finish.
Impetus, uis, m. (in & peto,)
an attack; onset; force; violence; impetuosity.
Impius, a, um, adj. (in & pius,) impious; undutiful.
Impleo, ere, evi, etum, tr. (in
and pleo;) to fill; to accomplish; to perform.
Implicitus, a,'um, part. entangled; attacked; from
Implico, are, avi, or ui, atum
or itum, tr. (in & plico,) to
infold; to entangle; to implicate.
Implicor, ari, atus or itus
sum, pass. to be entangled:
morbo, to be attacked with
sickness.
Imploro, are, avi, atum, tr. (in
& ploro,) to implore; to beseech; to beg.
Impono, -ponere, -posui, -positum, tr. (in & pono,) to lay





1MPORTUNUS-INCOLO.


247


or place upon; to tmpose;
to put.
Importianus, a, um, adj. comp.
dangerous; perilous; troublesome; cruel; outrageous;
restless; ungovernable.
Impositus, a, um, part. (impono.)
Imprimis, adv. (in & primis,
from primus,) among the
first; especially; eminently.
Improbatus, a, ur, part. (improbo,) disallowed; disapproved.
Impr6bo, are, avi, atum, tr
(in &   probo,) to  disapprove; to reject.
Improbus, a, um, adj. comp.
(in &  probus,) not good;
wicked; bad.
Impradens, tis, adj. comp. (in
&  prudens,) imprudent;
inconsiderate.
Impugnatfirus, a, um, part. fr.
Impugno, are, avi, atum, tr. to
fight against; to attack.
Impfine, adv. (in & poena,)
with  impunity; without
hurt; without punishment.
Imus, a, um, adj. (sup. of inferus, ~ 26, 2,) the lowest:
the deepest.
In, prep. with the accusative,
signifies, into; towards;
upon; until; for; against:
with the ablative, in; upon; among; at: in dies,
from  day to day: in eo
esse, to be on the point of:
in sublime, aloft.


Inanis, e, adj. (comp.) empty;
vain; ineffectual; foolish.
Inaresco,-arescere, -arui, intr
inc. ~ 88, 2, to grow dry.
Incedo,-cedere,-cessi,-cessum,
intr. (in & cedo,) to go on;
to go; to walk; to come.
Incendo, dere, di, sum, tr. (in
& candeo,) to light; to
kindle; to set fire to; to
inflame.
Incensus, a, um, part. lighted;
kindled; burning; inflamed.
Incertus, a, um, adj. (ior issimus,) (in &    certus,) uncertain.
Inchoo, are, avi, atum, tr. to
begin.
Incidens, tis, part. from
Incido,-cidere,-cidi, intr. (in
& cado,) tq fall into or
upon; to chance to meet
with.
Incipio,-cipere,-cepi, -ceptum,
tr. (in & capio,) to commence; to begin.
Incito, are, avi, stum, tr. (in
& cito,) to stir up; to instigate; to encourage; to
animate.
Inclido, dere, si, sum, tr. (in
& claudo,) to shut in; to
include; to inclose; to encircle; to encompass.
Inclfisus, a, um, part.(incliido.)
Inclytus, a, um, adj. (issimus,
~ 26, 5,) famous; celebrated; renowned.
Incola, am, c. an inhabitant; fr.
Incolo, colere, colui, cultum,





248


INCOLUMIS--INERTIA.


tr. (in & colo,) to dwell in
a place; to inhabit.
Incolfimis, e, adj. comp. (in &
coliimis,) unhurt; safe; unpunished.
Incompertus, a, um, adj. (in
& compertus,) not found
out; unknown; uncertain.
Inconsiderate, adv. (ihs, issim6,) inconsiderately; rashly.
Incredibilis, e, adj. comp. (in
& credibilis,) incredible;
wonderful; hence
Incredibiliter, adv. (iu's, issima,) incredibly.
Incrementum, i, n. (incresco,)
an increase.
Increpo, are, ui, Itum, tr. (in
& crepo,) to make a loud
noise; to reprove; to chide;
to blame.
Incruentus, a, umn, adj. (in &
cruor,) bloodless.
Incultý, adv. (iOs, issime,)
rudely; plainly; from
Incultus, a, um, part. & adj.
comp. (in & col,) uncultivated; uninhabited; desert.
Incumbo, -cumbere, -cubui,
-cubitum, intr. (in & cubo,)
to lean; to lie; to rest or
recline upon; to apply to:
gladio, to fall upon one's
sword.
Incursio, anis, f. (incurro,) a
running against; an attack;
an incursion; an inroad.
Inde, adv. thence; from thence.
Index, icis, d. (indico,) an index; a mark; a sign.


India, e., f. a country of Asia,
named fromthe river Indus.
Indico, are, Avi, atum, tr. (in1
&  dico, are,) to shew; to
discov e r.
Indico, care, xi, ctum, tr. (in
& dico,) to indicate; to announce; to declare; to proclaim; to appoint; hence,
Indictus, a, um, part.
Indicus. a, um. adj. of India,
Indian.
Indigina, m, c. (in & geno,ý
one born in a certain place,
a native.
Ind5les, is, f. (in &  oleo, to
grow,) the natural disposition; nature; inherent quality. See ingenium.
Ind-co, cire, xi, ctum, tr. (in
& duco,) to lead in; to induce; to persuade; hence,
Inductus, a, um, part.
Induo, -duere, -dui, -dtrtum, tr.
to put on; to dress; to clothe.
Indus, i, m. a large river in
the western part of India.
Industria, m, f. (industrius,)
industry; diligence.
Indiatus, a, um, part. (induo.)
Inedia, m, f. (in & edo,) want
of food; fasting; hunger.
Ineo, ire, ii, itum, tr. & intr.
irr. (in & eo,) to go or enter
into; to   enter utpon; ti
make; toform.
Inermis, e, adj. (in &  arma,)
unarmed; defencele-v.
Inertia, ce, f. (iners,) wo-t of
art; laziness; sloth, idleness.





INFAMIS-INGRUO.


24.9


Infdmis, e, adj. (in &   fama,)
ill spoken   of; infamous;
disgracefJl.
Infans, tis, c. (in & fans,) one
who cannot speak; an infant; a child.
Infiri, orum, m. pl. the infernal regions; Hades; Orcus;
the infernal gods.
Inferior, us, adj.  See Inferus.
Infiro, inferre, intuili, illatum,
tr. irr. (in & fero,) to bring
in or against; to bring upon; to inflict upon: bellum,
to make war upon.
Inferus, a, ur, adj. (inferior,
infimus, or imus, ~ 26, 2,)
low; humble.
Infesto, are, avi, atum, tr. to
infest; to disturb; to molest; to vex; to plague; to
trouble; to annoy; from
Infestus, a, um, adj. (ior, issYmus,) (in & festus,) not
pleasant; hostile; inimical.
Infigo, gere, xi, xum, tr. (in
& figo,) to fix; to fasten;
to drive in.
Infinitus, a, umr, adj. (in &
finio,) infinite; unbounded;
vast; immense: infinitum
argenti, an immense quantity of silver: infinita nobilitas, a vast number &c.
Infirmus, a, um, adj. ior, issimus, (in & firmus,) weak;
infirm.
Infixus, part. (infigo.)
Inflammo, are, avi, atum, tr.
to set on fire; to inflame;
to excite; to animate.


Inflatus, a, um, part. (inflo,)
blown upon; puffed up,
Infligo, gere, xi, ctum, tr. (m
& fligo,) properly, to strike
one thing against another;
hence, to inflict.
Inflo, are, avi, atum, tr. (in &
flo,) to blow upon.
Infra, prep. beneath; below.
Infrendeo, are, ui, intr. (in &
frendeo,) to gnash with the
teeth.
Infringo,-fringere,-fregi,-fractum, tr. (in & frango,) to
break or rend in pieces; to
disannul; to make void.
Infundo, -fundire, -ftidi, -fIsum, tr. (in &   fundo,) to
pour   in: infunditur, it
empties; (said of rivers.)
Ingenium, i, n. (in & geno,)
judgment; sagacity; penetration; natural disposition; genius; talents; character.
Ingens, tis, adj. (ior, ~ 26, 6,)
great; very great; huge;
(in a much higher sense
than magnus.)
Ingenuus, a, um, adj. (ingeno,)
natural; free-born; free;
noble; ingenuous.
Ingredior,-gredi,-gressus sum,
tr. & intr. dep. (in & gradior,) to go in; to enter; to
come in; to walk; to walk
upon; to go.
Ingressus, a, um, part.
Ingruo, -gruere, -grui, tr. to
invade; to assail; to pour
down; tofall upon suddenly





230


INHIlREO-INSIDEO.


Inbereo, -hwrare, -hasi, -hoesum, intr. (in & haereo,) to
cleave or stick to or in: cogitationibus, to be fixed or
lost in thought.
Inhio, are, avi, atum, tr. &
intr. (in & hio,) to gape
for; to desire.
Inimicus, a, um, adj. comp.
(in &   amicus,) inimical;
hostile.
Inimicus, i, m. subs. an enemy.
Inlique', adv. it's, issime, (iniquus, in &     equus, not
equal;) unequally; unjustly.
Initium, i, n. (ineo,) a commencement; a beginning.
Init-rus, a, um, part. (ineo,)
about to enterupon or begin.
Injicio, -jicire, -jeci, -jectum,
tr. (in & jacio,) to throw
in or upon.
Injuria, ce, f. (injurius, in &
jus,) an injury; an insult.
Innato, are, avi, atumn, intr.
(in & nato,) to swoim or
float upon.
Innitor, -niti, -nisus or nixus
sum, intr. dep. (in & nitor,)
to lean or depend upon; to
rest upon.
Innocentia, v, f. (in &    nocens,) harmlessness; innocence.
Innotesco, -notescere, -notui,
intr. inc. (in & notesco,)
to  become known; to be
known.
Innoxius a, um, adj. comp.
(in & noxius,) harmless.


Innumnerabilis, e, adj. (in &
numerabilis,) innumerable.
Innumerus, a, um, adj. (in &
numerus,) without number.
Inopia, w, f. (inops,) want;
scarcity.
Inopus, i, m. a fountain or
river of Delos, near which
Apollo and Diana were
said to have been born.
Inprimis, and in primis, adv.
same as imprimis.
Inquam, or Inquio, def. I say;
m 84, 2.
Inquino, are, avi, atum, tr. to
pollute; to stain; to soil.
Inquiro,-quirere,-quisivi, -quisitum, tr. (in & quaero,) to
seekfor; to inquire; to investigate.
Insania, C, f. (insdnus,) madness.
Insanio, ire, Ivi, itum, intr. (insdnus,) to be mad.
Inscribo, -scribere, -scripsi,
-scriptum, tr. (in & scribo,)
to write upon; to inscribe.
Inscriptus, a, um, part.
Insectum, i, n. (insico,) an
insect.
Insequens, tis, part. succeeding; subsequent; following;
from
Insequor,-sequi,-secfItus sum,
tr. dep. (in & sequor,) to
follow after; to follow.
Insidens, tis, part. from
Insideo, -sidere,-sedi,-sessum,
intr. (in & sedeo,) to sit
upon





INSIDILE-1NTERCIPIO.


253


Insidia, arum, f. pl. (insideo,)
an   ambush;    ambuscade;
treachery; deceit: per insidias, treacherously.
Insidians, tis, part. from
Insidior, ari, atus sum, tr. dep.
(insidike,) to lie in zoait; to
lie in ambush; to deceive.
Insigne, is, n. a mark; a token; an ensign; from
Insignis, e, adj. comp. (in &
signum,) distinguished (by
some mark;) eminent.
[nsisto, -sistere, -stiti, -stitum,
intr. (in & sisto,) to stand
upon; to insist.
Insolabiliter, adv. (in & solor,)
inconsolably.
Insolens, tis, adj. (in &     solens,) (ior, issimus,) not
usual; insolent; haughty;
Insolenter,   adv.    (insolens,)
(iius, issime,) haughtily;
insolently.
Inspectans, tis, part. from
Inspecto, are, avi, atum, tr.
freq. (in & specto,) to look
upon; to inspect.
Instatfirus, a, um, part. (insto,)
[nstituo,-stituere,-stitui,-stitfitum, tr. (in & statuo,) to
set, or put into; to appoint;
to resolve; to make; to order.
Institfitum, i, n. an institutzon;
a doctrine; from
Instititus, a, um, part. (instituo.)
Insto,-stare, stiti, intr. (in &
sto,) to stand near to; to
urge; to persist; to ha

rass; to pursue closely, to
beg earnestly.
Instrumentum, i, n. (instruo,)
an instrument; utensil; implement.
Instruo,-struere,-struxi, -structun, tr. (in & struo,) to
put together, or in order;
to arrange; to prepare; to
supply with; to instruct.
Insiibres, um, m. pl. a people
living north of the Po, in
Cisalpine Gaul.
Insuesco,-suescere,-suevi,- su
tur, intr. inc. (in & suesco,) to grow accustomed.
Insiila, eB, f. an island.
Insiiper, adv. (in   &   super,)
moreover.
Int6ger, gra, grum, adj. (in&
tago, whence tango,) (rior, errimus,) not touched;
whole; entire; unhurt; just;
uncorrupted.
Intego, -tegere, -texi,-tectum,
tr. (in & tego,) to cover.
Integritas, itis, f. (integer,)
integrity; probity; honesty.
Intellectus, a, um, part. from
Intelligo,-ligere,-lexi,-lectum,
tr. (inter & lego,) to choose
between; hence, to understand; to perceive; to discern; to know; to learn.
Inter, prep. between; among:
inter se, mutually. occurrentes inter se, meeting
each other.
Intercipio, -cipere, -cepi, -cepturn, tr. (inter & capio,) to
seize by surprise; to inter"





INTERDICO--INTREPIDUS.


vept; to usurp;     to  take
away fraudulently.
Interdico, -dicere, -dixi, -dictum, tr. (inter & dico,) to
znterpose a   command; to
forbid; to prohibit;
Interdictus, a, um, part.
Interdiu, adv. (inter & diu,)
by day; in the day-time.
Interdum, adv. (inter & dum,)
sometimes.
Interea, adv. (inter & ea,) in
the mean time.
Interemptus, a, um, part. (interirno.)
Intereo, ire, ii, itum, intr. irr.
(inter & eo,~ 83,3,) to perish.
Interest, imp. (intersum,) it
concerns: mea, it concerns
me.
Interfector, oris, m. a murderer; a slayer; a destroyer.
Interfectus, a, um, part. killed.
Interficio, -ficere, -feci, -fectum, tr. (inter & facio,) to
destroy; to kill; to slay.
Interim, adv. (inter & im, the
old ace. of is,) in the mean
time.
Interimo, -imere, -emi, -emptum, tr. (inter &  emo,) to
take from the midst; to kill;
to put to death; to slay.
Interior, us, adj. (sup. intimus,
~ 26, 2,) inner; the interior.
Interils, adv. (intro,) farther
in the interior.
Interjectus, a, um, part. cast
between: anno interjecto,
a year having intervened;
a year after; from


Interjicio, -jicere, -jeci, -jectum, tr. (inter & jacio,) to
throw between.
Internecio, onis, f. (interneco,)
ruin; destruction: ad interneciinem, with a genEral massacre.
Internodium, i, n. (inter & nodus,) the space between two
knots; a joint.
Internus, a, um, adj. internal;
mare internum, the Mediterranean sea.
Interpres,etis,c. aninterpreter
Interregnum, i, n. (inter &regnum,) an interregnum; a
vacancy of the throne.
Interrogo, are, avi, atum, tr.
(inter & rogo,) to ask.
Intersum, esse, fui, intr. irr.
(inter & sum,) to be present at, between, with, or
among.
Intervallum, i, n. (inter & vallus,) an interval; a space;
a distance.
Interveniens, tis, part. from
Intervenio, venire, veni, ventum, intr. (inter & venio,)
to come between; to intervene.
Intexo, ere, ui, tur, tr. (in &
texo,) to interweave.
Intimus, a, um, adj. sup. (interus, interior, ~ 26, 2,) innermost; inmost; intimate,
familiar; much beloved.
Intra, prep, within:-adv. inward.
Intrepidus, a, um, adj. (in &
trepidus,)fearless; intrepid





INTRO-IRE.


251


Intro, are, avi, atum, tr. (intro,
& eo,) to enter.
Introdfco,-ducire, -duxi, -duetur, tr. (intro & duco,) to
lead in; to introduce.
Introitus, fis, m. (introeo,) an
entrance.
Intuens, tis, part. from
Intueor, eri, itus sum, tr. dep.
(in & tueor,) to look upon;
to consider; to behold; to
gaze at.
Intus, adv. within.
Inusitatus, a, ur, adj. comp.
(in &   usitatus,) unaccustomed; unusual; extraordinary.
Inutilis, e, adj. comp. (in &
utilis,) useless.
Invado, -vadere, -vasi, vasum,
tr. (in & vado,) to invade;
to attack; to assail.
Invenio,-venire,veni,-ventum,
tr. (in & venio,) to come to,
or upon; to find; to get; to
procure; to obtain; to invent; to discover.
Inventus, a, um, part.
Investigo, are, avi, Atum, tr.
(in & vestigo,) to trace or
find out; to investigate; to
discover.
Invicem, adv. (in & vicis,) mutually; in tu-n: se invicem occiderunt, they slew
one another.
Invictus, a, um, part. (in &
victus,) unconquerable; impenetrable; invulnerable.
Invidia, ai, f. (invidus,) envy;
hatred.


Invisus, a, urn, adj. (invideo,)
envied; hated; hateful; obnoxious: plebi, unpopular.
Invitatus, a, um, part. invited,
entertained:-subs. a guest.
Invito, are, avi, atum, tr. to
invite.
Invius, a, um, adj. (in & via,)
impassible; inaccessible; impenetrable.
Invoco, are, avi, atum, tr. (in
& voco,) to call upon; to
invoke.
Iones, um, m. pl. Ionians; the
inhabitants of Ionia.
lonia, se, f. Ionia; a country on
the western coast of Asia
Minor.
Ionius, a, um, adj. of lonia;
Ionian: mare, that part
of the Mediterranean which
lies between Greece and the
south of Italy.
Iphicrates, is, m. an Athenian
general.
Iphigenia, me, f. the daughter
of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, and priestess of
Diana.
Ipse, a, um, pro. ~32, he himself; she herself; itself; or
simply he; she; it: et ipse,
he also; before a verb of
the first or second person,
I; thou: ego ipse, I nmyself:
tu ipse, thou thyself, &c.
Ira, e, f. anger; rage. hence,
Irascor, irasci, intr. dep. to be
angry. hence.
Iratus, a, ur, adj. angry.
Ire.  See Eo.


22





254


IRREPARABILIS-JACULOR.


Irreparabilis, e, adj. comp. (in
& reparabilis,) irreparable;
irrecoverable.
Irretio, ire, ivi, itum, tr. (in &
rete,) to enclose in a net; to
entangle; to ensnare.
Irridens, tis, part. from
Irrideo, dere, si, sum, tr. (in &
rideo,) to laugh at; to deride.
Irrigo, are, avi, atum, tr. (in &
rigo,) to water; to bedew;
to moisten.
Irrito, are, avi, atum, tr. (hirrio,
to snarl like a dog;)to irritate; to provoke; to incite.
Irruens, tis, part. from
Irruo, uere, ui, (in & ruo,) intr.
to rush in, into, or upon;
to rush; to attack.
Is, ea, id. pro. ~ 31, this; he;
she; it: in eo esse, i. e. in
eo statu, to be in that state;
to be upon the point.
Issus, i, f. a maritime city of
Cilicia.
Issicus, a, um, adj. of or belonging to Issus.
Isocrates, is, m. a celebrated
Athenian orator.
Iste, a, ud, pro.    S 31, tha;
that person   or thing; he;
she, it.   (The demonstrative of the second person,
and used to indicate a thing
near, relating to, or spoken
of, by the person addressed.
~ 2S. Obs. 3, 3d.)
Ister, tri, m. the name of the
Danube, after it enters Illyricum.


Isthmicus, a, um, adj. Isthmian;    belonging   to   the
Isthmus of Corinth: Iudi,
games celebrated     at that
place.
Isthmus, i, m. an isthmus.
Ita, adv. (is,) so; in such a
manner; even so; thus.
Italia, me, f. Italy.
It'tlus, a, um, adj. Italian
Itali, subs. the Italians.
Italicus, a, um, adj. belonging
to Italy; Italian.
Itaque, adv. (ita & que,) and
so; therefore.
Iter, itineris, n. (eo,) a journey; a road; a march.
Iterum, adv. (iter,) again; once
more; a second time.
Ithaca, m, f. a rocky island in
the Ionian sea, with a city
of the same name.
Itidem, adv. (ita & idem,) in
like manner; likewise; also.
Itfirus, a, um, part. (eo.)
Ivi.  See Eo.
J.
Jacens, tis, part. from
Jaceo, 6re,ui,itum,to lie:intr.to
be situated.
Jacio, jacere, jeci, jactum, tr.
to throw; to cast; to fling;
to hurl.
Jacto, are, avi, atum, freq.
(jacio,) to throw often; to
toss; to agitate.
Jactus, a, um, part. (jacio,)
cast; thrown.
Jaciilor, ari, atus sum, tr. dep.





JAM--JUS.


255


(jaciilum, from jacio,) to
hurl, to dart; to shoot.
Jam, adv. (a stronger term
than nunc,) now; already;
presently; even: jam nunc,
even now: jam tum, even
then: jam inde, ever since:
jam  primum, in the first
place.
Jamdfidum, adv. (jam & dudum, lately;) long ago.
Janicuilum, i, n. one of the seven hills of Rome.
Jason, 6nis, m. the son of
Eson, king of    Thessaly,
and leader of the Argonauts; also, an inhabitant
of Lycia.
Jejfnus, a, um, adj. comp.
fasting; hungry.
Jovis. See Jupiter.
Juba, ee, f. the mane.
Jubeo, jubere, jussi, jussum,
tr. to command; to bid; to
order; to direct.
Jucundus, a, um, adj. comp.
(jocus,) agreeable; delightful; pleasant; sweet.
Judmea, ae, f. Judea.
Judaeus, a, um, adj. belonging
to Judea:-subs. a Jew.
Judex, icis, c. (judico,) a
judge.
Judicium, i, n. (judex,) a
judgment; decision.
Judico, are, Rvi, atum, tr. (jus
& dico,) to judge; to deem;
to determine; to decide.
Jugerum, i, n. ~ 18, 7, (the
quantity  ploughed   by 'a


yoke of oxen in one day;)
an acre of land.
Jugum, i, n. (jungo,) a yoke,
a ridge or chain of mountains; in war, an instrument consisting  of   two
spears placed erect, and a
third laid transversely upon them.
Jugurtha, ae, m. a king of
Numidia.
Julius, i, m. a name of.C0sar,
who belonged to the gens
Julia.
Junctus, a, um, part. (jungo.)
Junior, adj. (comparative from
juvenis,) younger; ~ 26, 6.
Junius, i, m. the name of a
Roman tribe which included the family of Brutus.
Jungo, jungere, junxi, junetum, tr. to unite; to connect; to join: currui, to
put in; to harness to.
Juno, 6nis, f. the daughter of
Saturn and wife of Jupiter.
Jupiter, Jovis, m.  15, 12, the
son of Saturn and king of
the gods.
Jurgiesus. a, um, adj. (jurgium,) quarrelsome; brawling.
Juro, are, avi. atum, tr. to
swear; from
Jus, juris, n. right; justice;
natural law: jus civitatis,
the freedom of the city; citizenship: jure, with reason;
rightly; deservedly.





5 6


JUSSI-LANATUS.


JUssi,  See Jubeo.
3 Jssus, a, um, part. (jubeo.)
Jussu, abl. m. (jubeo,) a conzmmand.
Justitia, Me, f. justice; from
Justus, a, urn,adj. comp. (jus,)
just; right; full; regular;
ordinary; ezact.
Juvenca, 0o, f. (f. of juvencus,
i. e. juvenicu s, fr. juvenis,)
a cow; a heifer.
Juvencius, i, m. a Roman
general, conquered by Andriscus.
Juvenis, adj. junior, ~ 26, 6,)
(fr. juvo,) young; youthful.
Juvinis, is, c. a young0 man
or woman; a youth; hence,
Juventus, n-tis, f youth.
Juvo, juvare, juvi, jutum, tr.
to help; to assist.
Juxta, prep. (jungo,) near;
hard   by:- adv.   alike;
evei equally.
L.
L., an abbreviation of Lucius.
Labor, & Labos, oris, m. labor; toil.
Labor, labi, lapsus, intr. dep.
tofall; to glide; to glide
away; to flow on.
Laboriosus, a, urn, adj. comp.
(labor,) laborious.
Laboro, are, ivi, atum, intr.
to work or labor; to suffer
with; to be distressed.
Labyrinthus, i,m. a labyrinth.
Lac, lactis, in. milk.


Laceduemon, unis, f. Laceda?mon, or Sparta, the capitol
of Laconia.
Lacedamonius, a, um, adj.
belonging  to Lacedemnonz;
Lacedcemonian; Spar tan.
Laceritus, a, um, part. from
Lacero, are, avi, stumn, tr
(lacer, mangled;) to tear
in pieces.
Lacessitus, a, um, part. from
Lacesso, ere, ivi, htum, tr.
(lalcio,) to provoke; to stir
up; to disturb; to trouble.
Lacryma, W, f. a tear.
Lacus, us, m. a lake.
Laconicus, a, um, adj. Laconic; Spartan; Lacedvemonian.
Luedo, Iedere, Iesi, laesum,
tr. to injure; io hurt.
Lwtactus, a, um, part. lttor.)
Lttitia, w, f. (lntus,) joy.
Lwtor, dri, ftus sum, intr.
dep. to rejoice; to be glad;
to be delighted wZith.
Lotus, a, um, adj. (ior, issinius,) glad; joyful; full of
joy; fortunate; prosperous;
fruitful; abundant.
Lwvinus, i, in. the name of a
Roman frtmily; (P. Vale.
rius,) a Romana consul.
Levor, oris, m. (lavis or levis,) smoothness.
Lagus, i, m. a Macedonian,
who adopted as his son that
Ptolemy who afterwards
became king of Egypt.
Lana, m, f. wool.
Lanatus, a, um, adj. bearing
wool; woolly.





LANIATUS-LEGATIo.


257


Lanihtus, a, um, part. from
Lanio, are, avi, dtum, tr. to
tear in pieces.
Lapicidina, w, f. (lapis & cmdo,) a quarry.
Lapideus, a, um, adj. stony;
from
Lapis, idis, m. a stone.
Lapsus, a, um, part. (labor.)
Laqueus, i, m. a noose; a
snare.
Largitio, anis, f. (largior, from
largus,) a present.
Late, adv. (ii's, issime,) widely; extensively; from latus.
Latebra, W, f. (lateo,) a lurking-place; a hiding-place;
a retreat.
Latens, tis, part. from
Lateo, ere, ui, intr. to be hidden; to be concealed; to be
unknown, to be unknown to.
Later, Iris, m. a brick.
Laterciilus, i, m. dim. (later,)
a little brick; a brick.
Latinus, i, m. an ancient king
of the Laurentes, a people
of Italy.
Latinus, a, urn, adj. Latin; of
Latium: Latini, subs. the
Latins.
Latit-do,inis, f,(latus)breadth.
Latium, i, n. Latium.
Latmus, i, m. a mountain in
Caria, near the borders of
lonia.
Lat5na, a, f. the daughter of
thc giant Ccus, and mothei of Apollo and Diana.
Latro are, avi, atum, intr &
tr. to bark; to bhark at.


Latro. onis, m. properly, a
mercenary soldier; co0nmonly, a robber.
Latrocinium, i, n. (latrocinor,) robbery; piracy.
Latfrns, a, um, part. (fero.)
Latus, a, um, adj. (ior, issi -
mus,) broad; wide.
Latus, )ris, n. a side.
Laudatus, a, urn, part. from
Laudo, are, avi, atum, tr. to
praise; to extol; to commend.
Laurentia, V, f.  See Acca.
Laus, dis, f. praise; glory; honor; fame; repute; estimation; value.
Laut6, adv. iis, issime, (lautus, fr. lavo,) sumnptuously;
magnificently.
Lavinia, m, f. the daughter of
Latinus, and the second
wife of Eneas.
Lavinium, i, n. a city in Italy,
built by nenas.
Lavo, lavare, & lave're, lavi
lotum, lautum, & lavaturnm,
tr. to wash; to bathe.
Leona, m, f. a lioness.
Leander, & Leandrus, dri, m
a youth of Abydos, distinguished for his attachment
to Hero.
Lebes, 6tis, m. a kettle; a caldron.
Lectus, a, um, part. (lego,)
read; chosen.
Leda, m, f. the wife of Tyndarus, king of Sparta, and the
mother of Helena.
Legatio, 6nis, f. (lego, are.)
an embassy.





25S


LEGATUS-- LIGO.


Legarus,,, m. (lego, are,) a
deputy; a lieutenant; an
ambassador.
Legio, 5nis, f. (lego, ere,) a legion; ten cohorts of soldiers.
Legislator, Bris, m.(lex & fero,)
a legislator; a law giver.
Lego, legere, legi, lectum, tr.
to gather; to collect; to
choose; to read.
Lemanus, i, m. the name of a
lake in Gaul, bordering upon the country of the Helvetii, now the lake of Geneva.
Leo, 5nis, m. a lion.
Leonidas, ae, m. a brave king
of Sparta, who fell in the
battle of Thei-mopylc.
Leontinus, a, um, adj. belonging to Leontini, a city and
a people of the same name,
on the eastern coast of Sicily.
Lepidus, i, m. the name of an
illustrious family   of  the
JEmilian clan.
Lepus, oris, m. a hare.
Letalis, e, adj. fatal; deadly;
from
Letrnm, and lethum, i, n. death.
Levis, e, adj. (ior, issimus,)
light; trivial; inconsiderable; smooth; hence,
Levitas, atis, f. lightness.
Levo, are, avi, atum, tr. (levis,) to make light; to ease;
to relieve; to lighten; to alleviate.
Lex, gis, f. (lego,) statute or
written law; a law; a condition.  Legem    ferre, or rogare, toproposea law. See jus.


Libens, tis, part. (libet,) wil
ling.
Libenter, adv. (iris, issim6, fr
libens,) willingly.
Libet, or Lubet, libuit, imp. it
pleases.
Liber,lib ra,lib rum.adj. free;
(liberior, liberrimus.)
Liber, libri, m. the inner bark
of a tree; a writing on
bark; a leaf; a book.
Liberaliter, adv. (liberalis,)
liberally: kindly.
Liberatus, a, um, part. (libero,) liberated; set at liberty.
Libire, adv. ius,      rime, (liber,) freely; without restraint.
Liberi, brum, m. pl. (liber,)
persons free born; children.
Libero, are, avi, atum, tr. to
free; to liberate; to deliver.
Libertas, atis, f.(liber,) liberty.
Libya, s, f. properly Libya, a
kingdom of Africa, lying
west of Egypt; sometimes
it comprehends the whole
of Africa.
Licinius, i, m. a name common
among the Romans.
Licet,uit, itum est, imp. ~ 85,4.
it is lauful; it is permitted:
tibi, you   may: one may.
Licet, conj. although.
Lienosus, a, um, adj. (lien,
the spleen,) splenetic.
Ligneus, a, um, adj. wooden.fr.
Lignum, i, n. wood; a log of
wood; timber: ligna, pieces of wood; sticks.
Ligo, are, avi, stum, tr. to bind.





LIGURIA-LU U LLUS


Liguria, me, f. Liguria, a country in the west of Italy.
Ligus, uris, in. a Ligurian.
Ligusticus, a, um, adj. Ligurian: mare, the gulf of
Genoa.
Lilybsuum, i, n. a promontory
on the western coast of Sicily.
Limpidus, a, um, adj. (ior, issimus,) (lympha or limpa,)
transparent; limpid; clear.
Limus, i, m. mud; clay.
Lingua, se, f. (lingo,) the
tongue; a language.
Linum, i, n.flax; linen.
Liquidus, a, um, adj. (liqueo,
to melt;) (ior, issimus,) liquid; clear; pure; limpid.
Lis, litis, f. a strife; a contention; a controversy.
Littera, or Litira, ie, f. (lino,)
a letter of the alphabet:
(pl.)  letters;  literature;
learning; a letter; an epistle; hence,
Litterarius, a, um, adj. belonging to letters; literary.
Littus, or Litus, oris, n. the
shore.
Loco, are, avi, atum, tr. to
place, set, dispose, or arrange; to give or dispose
of in marriage; from
Locus, i, m. iri sing.; loci &
loca, m. & n. in pl. a
place.
Locusta, me, f. a locust.
Longe, adv. (ius, issime,) (longus,) far; far off.
Longinquus,a, um, adj. (comp.


ior,) far; distant; long,
foreign.
Longitfdo,inis,f. length; from
Longus, a, um, adj. (ior, issimus,) long; applied both
to time and space; last.
ing.
Locfitus, a, um, part. (loquor,)
having spoken.
Locutiirus, a, um, part. about
to speak; from
Loquor, loqui, locatus sum,
intr. dep. to speak; to converse, tr. to say.
Lorica, ve, f. a coat of mail;
corselet; breast-plate; cuirass; (anciently  made of
thongs;) from
Lorum, i, n. a thong.
Lubens, tis, part. (lubet.)
Lubenter, adv. (iius, issime.)
See Libenter.
Lubet. See Libet.
Lubido, or Libido, inis, f. lust;
desire.
Lubricus, a, um, adj. (labor,)
to slip; slippery.
Luceo, lucere, luxi, intr. to
shine.
Lucius, i, m. a Roman prenomen.
Lucretia, se, f. a Roman matron, the wife of Collatinus
Lucretius, i, m. the father of
Lucretia.
Luctus, us, m. (lugeo,) mourning; sorrow.
Lucullus, i, m. a Roman celcbrated for his luxury, his
patronage of learned men,
and his military talents





I260


LUCUS-MACROBIT.


Lu    ius, i, m, a wood, consecrated to some deity; a grove.
Ludo, ludere, lusi, lusum, tr.
to play; to be in sport; to
deceive; from
Ludus, i, m. a game; a play;
a place of exercise; a school;
gladiatorius, a school for
gladiators.
Lugeo, lugere, luxi, intr. to
mourn: to lament.
Lumen, inis, n. (luceo,) light;
an eye.
Luna, me, f. the moon.
Lupa, e, f. a she-wolf.
Lupus, i, m. a wolf.
Luscinia, s, f. a nightingale.
Lusitania, m, f. a part of Hispania, now Portugal.
Lustro, are, avi, atum, tr. to
purify; to appease; to expiate: exercitum, to review; to muster; from
Lustrum, i, n. (luo or lavo,)
purification; a sacrifice of
purification offered at the
conclusion of the census everyfive years; a period of
five years; a place for bathing; hence the place where
swine wallow; a den or
lair of wild beasts.
iusus, As, m. (ludo,) a game;
a play" per lusum, in sport;
sportively.
Lutatius, i, m. the name of a
Roman tribe: C. Lutatius
Catiulus, a Roman consul
in the Punic war.
Lutetia, m, f. a city of Gaul,
now Paris.


Lutum, i, n. (luo,) clay.
Lux, lucis, f. light.
Luxuria, me, f. (luxus, fr. luo,)
that which dissolves or loosens the energies of body and
mind; hence luxury; excess;
voluptuousness.
Lycius, a, um, adj. Lycian;
of Lycia, a country of Asia
Minor.
Lycomedes, is, m. a king of
Scyros.
Lycurgus, i, m. the Spartan
law giver.
Lydia, ae, f. a country of Asia
Minor.
Lysander, dri, m. a celebrated
Lacedcemonian general.
Lysimachus, i, m. one of Alexander's generals, who was
afterwards king of a part
of Thrace.
M.
M., an abbreviation of Marcus.
Mace do,onis,m. a Macedonian.
Macedonia, ae, f. a country of
Europe, lying    west of
Thrace, and north of Thessaly and Epirus.
Macedonicus, a, um, adj. of
Macedonia, Macedonian:
also, an agnomen, or surname of Q. Metellus.
Macies, ei, f. (maceo,) leanness; decay.
Macrobii,orum m. pl. (a Greek
word    signifying  long.
lived;) a name given to certain tribes of Ethiopians





MACTATUS-MALUM.


261


who were distinguished for
their longevity.
Mactatus,, a, urn, part. from
Macto, are, avi, Mtum, tr. (magis aucto, from augeo,) to
increase with honors; to
enrich; to honor with sacrifices; hence, to sacrifice;
to slay
Macuila. me, f. a spot; a stain.
Madeo, ere, ui, intr. to be
moist; to be wet.
MRenades, um, f. pt. priestesses
of Bacchus; bacchants; bacchanals.
Mieotis, idis, adj. Mceotian:
palus Maotis, a lake or
gulf, lying   north of the
Euxine, now called the sea
of Azoph.
Magis, adv. (sup.     maxime,
~ 89,III.) more; rather;
better.
Magister, tri, m. (magis,) a
teacher; a master: magister equitum, the commander of the cavalry, and the
dictator's lieutenant; hence
Magistratus, fis, m. a magistracy; a civil ofice; a magistrate.
Magnesia, e, f. a town of
lonia.
Magnifice, adv. (entifs, entissimn,) (magnificus,) magnifcently; splendidly.
Magnificentia, ae, f, (id.) magnificence; splendor; grandeur; from
Magnificus, a, um, adj. (entior, entissimus,) (magnus


and   facio,) magn/icent;
splendid.
Magnitfdo, inis, f. (magnus,)
greatness; magnitude; size;
(applied chiefly to material
objects.)
Magnopere, adv. sometimes
magno opere, (magnus &
opus,) greatly; very; earnestly.
Magnus, a um, adj.* (major,
maximus, ~ 26,) (the general term applied to greatness of every kind;) great;
large.
Major, comp. (magnus,) greater: the elder; hence,
Majores, um, m. pl.forefathers; ancestors.
Male, adv. (pejuis, pessimi,)
(malus,) badly; ill; hurtfdully.
Maledico, -dicere, -dixi, -dictum,intr.(male & dico,) to
revile; to rail at; to abuse;
to reproach.
Maledicus, a, um, adj. (entior, entissimus, ~ 26, 3,)
reviling; railing; scurrilous; abusive.
Maleficus, a, um, adj. (entior, entissimus,) ~ 26, 3,)
(male & facio,) wicked.;
hurtful; mischievous; injurious:-subs. an evil doer.
Malo, malle, malui, tr. irr.
(magis & volo,) ~ 83, 6, to
prefer; to be more willing;
to wish.
Malum, i, n. an apple.
Malum, i, n. (malus,) evil;





262


MALUS-MARS.


misfortune; calamity; sufferings; evil deeds.
Malus, a, um, adj. (pejor, pessimus, ~ 26,) bad; wicked:
mali, bad men.
Mancinus, i, m. a Roman consul who made a disgraceful
peace with the Numantians.
Mando, mandere, mandi, mansum, tr. to chew; to eat.
Mando, are, avi, atum,tr.(manui & do,) to give into one's
hand; hence to command;
to intrust; to commit; to
bid; to enjoin: mandare
marmoribus, to engrave upon marble.
Mane, ind. n. the morning;
adv. early in the morning.
Maneo, ere, si, sum, intr. to
remain; to continue.
Manes, ium, m. pl. the manes;
ghosts or shades of the dead.
Manlius, i, m. a Roman proper name.
Mano, are, avi, Mtum, intr. to
flow.
Mansuefacio, -facere, -feci,
-factum, tr. (mansues & facio,) to tame; to make tame.
Mansuefio, -fieri, factus sum,
irr. ~ 83. Obs. 3, to be made
tame.
Mansuefactus, a, um, part.
Mantinea, me, f. a city of Arcadia.
Manubiie, arum, f. pl. (manus,) booty; spoils; plunder.
Manumissus, a, urn, part. fr.
Manumitto, -mittere, -misi,


-missum, tr. (manus &
to,) to set free; at liberty,
to free; to manumit.
Manus, uis, f. a hand; the
trunk of an elephant; a
band or body of soldiers.
Mapale, is, n. a hut or cottage
of the Numidians.
Marcellus, i, m. the name of
a Roman family which produced  many    illustrious
men.
Marcius, i, m. a Roman name
and cognomen or surname.
Marcus, i, m. a Roman praenomen.
Mare, is, n. the sea; (a general term: equor, a level
surface: pontus, the sea,
so called from Pontus, an
ancient god of the sea: pelgus, the deep sea.)
Margarita, e, f. a pearl.
Mariandyni, mrum, m. pl. a
people of Bithynia.
Marinus, a, um, adj. (mare,)
marine; pertaining to the
sea: aqua   marina, seawater.
Maritimus, a, um, adj. (id.)
maritime; on the sea-coast:
copim, naval forces.
Maritus, i, m. (mas,) a husband.
Marius, i, m. (C.) a distingushed   Roman   general,
who was seven times elected consul.
Marmor, oris, n. marble
Mars, tis, m. the son of Jupiter
and Juno, and god of war.





MARSI-MEGASTHENES.


263


Marsi, brum, m. pl. a people
of Latium, upon the borders
of lake Ticinus.
Marsyas, ae, m. a celebrated
Phrygian musician* also,
a brother of   Antigonus,
the king of Macedonia.
Massa, e. f. a mass; a lump.
Massicus, a, um. adj. Massic,
of Massicus, a mountain
in Campania, famous for
its wine: vinum, Massic
wine.
Massilia, e, f. a maritime
town of Gallia Narbonensis, now Marseilles.
Mater, tris, f. a mother; a matron; hence,
Materia, e, f. a material; matter; stuff; timber.
Matrimonium, i, n. (id.) matrimony; marriage.
Matrona, m, f. a river of Gaul,
Matrona, ae, f. a matron,
Maturesco, maturescere, maturui, intr. inc. to ripen; to
grow ripe; from
Matfirus, a, um, adj. (ior, rimus or issimus,) ripe; mature; perfect.
Mauritania, me, f. a country in
the western part of Africa,
extending from Numidia to
the Atlantic ocean.
Mausalus, i, m. a king of Caria.
Maxilla, w, f. a jaw; a jawbone.
Maxime, adv. (sup. of magis,)
most of   all; especially;
greatly.


Maximus, i, m. a Roman surname: Qu. Fabius Maximus, a distinguished Roman general.
Maximus, a, um, adj. (sup.
of magnus,) greatest; eldest: maximus natu, oldest.
See Natu.
Mecum, (me & cum,) with me.
Medeor, eri, intr. dep. to cure;
to heal.
Medicina, ze, f. (medicus,)
medicine.
Medico, are, avi, atum, tr.
(id.) to heal; to administer
medicine; to medicate; to
prepare medically; to embalm.
Medicus, i, m. a physician.
Meditatus, a, um, part. designed; practised; from
Meditor, ari, atus sum,tr.dep.
to meditate; to reflect; to
practise.
Mediomatrici, orum, m. pl. a
people of Belgic Gaul.
Medius, a, um, adj. middle;
the midst: medium, the
middle.
Medfisa, oe, f. one of the three
Gorgons.
Megara, m, f. the capital of
Megaris.
Megarenses, ium, m. pl. Megarensians; the inhabitants
of Megdra.
Megaris, idis, f. a small country of Greece.
Megasthenes, is, m. a Greek
historian, whose works have
been lost.





264


MEHERCULE-MERITiUN.


M.ehercile, adv. by Hercules;
truly; certainly.
Mel, lis, n. honey.
Meleagrus & -ager, gri, m. a
king of Calydonia.
Melior, us, adj. (comp. of bonus, ~ 26,) better.
Melius, adv. (comp. of bene,
I~ 89, III,) better.
Membrana, a, f. a thin skin;
a membrane; parchment.
Membrum, i, n. a limb; a
member.
Memini, def. pret. ~ 84, 2, I
remember; I relate.
Memor, oris, adj. mindful.
Memorabilis, e, adj. comp.
(memor,) memorable; remarkable; worthy of being
mentioned.
Memoria, m, f. (id.) memory.
Mem6ro, are, avi, atum, tr.
to remember; to call to one's
memory; to say; to mention.
Memphis, is, f. a large city of
Egypt.
Mendacium, i, n. a falsehood;
from
Mendax, acis, adj. (mentior,)
false; lying.
Menelaus, i, m. a king of
Sparta, the son of Atreus,
and husband of Helen.
Menenius, i, m. (Agrippa,) a
Roman, distinguished for
his success in reconciling
the plebeians to the patricians.
Mens, tis, f. the mind; the
understanding; (the rea

soning faculty    as distinguished from    animus, the
seat of feelzngs and passions.)  Animo et mente,
with the whole soul.
Mensis, is, m. a month.
Mentio, 6nis, f. (memini,) a
mention or a speaking of.
Mentior, iri, itus sum, tr. dep.
to lie; to assert falsely; to
feign; to deceive.
Mercator, oris, m. (mercor,) a
merchant; a trader.
Mercatfira, ce, f. (id.) merchandise; trade.
Mercatus, us, m. (id.) a market; a mart; a fair; an
emporium; a sale.
Merces, edis, f. (mereo,) wages; a reward; a price.
Mercurius, i, m. Mercury, the
son of Jupiter and Maia.
He was the messenger of
the gods.
Mereo, ere, ui, Itum, intr. &
tr. to deserve; to gain; to
acquire.
Mereor, eri, itus sum, intr.
& tr.dep.to deserve; to earn.
Mergo, mergere, mersi, mersum, tr. to sink; to dip in,
or under.
Meridianus, a, um, adj. southern; south; at noon-day,
from
Meridies, iei, m. (medius &
dies,) noon; mid-day; south.
Menrit, adv. with reason; with
good reason; deservedly.
Meritum, i, n. (mereo,) merit
desert.





MERSI-M-INIMuIS.


2(65


Mersi    See Mergo.
Mersus, a, um, part. (mergo.)
Merila, a, f. a blackbird.
Merx, cis, f. merchandise.
Messis, is, f. (meto,) the harvest; a reaping.
Meta, m, f. (meto,-are,) a pillar in the form of a cone;
a goal; a limit.
Metagonium, i, n. a promontory in the northern part
of Africa.
Metallum, i, n. metal; a mine.
Metanira, m, f. the wife of Celeus, king of Eleusis.
Metellus, i, m. the name of
an illustrious family at
Rome.
Metior, metiri, mensus sum,
tr. dep. to measure.
Metius, i, m. (Suffetius,) an
Alban general, put to death
by Tullus Hostilius.
Meto, metere, messui, messum, tr. to reap; to mow.
Metuo, metuire, metui, tr. &
intr. to fear; from
Metus, is, m. fear.
Meus, a, um, pro. ~ 30; (ego,)
my; mine.
Micipsa, a, m. a king of Numidia.
Mico, are, ui, intr. to move
quickly or with a quivering, tremulous motion, as
the tongue of a serpent; to
glance; to shine; to glitter.
See dimico.
fMidas. e, m. a king of Phrygia, distinguished for his
wealth.


Migro, are, ivi, itum, intr. to
remove; to migrate; to wander.
Mihi. See Ego.
Miles, itis, c. (mille, properly, one of a thousand;) a
soldier; the soldiery.
Miletus, i, f. the capital of
Ionia, near the borders of
Caria.
Militia, ae, f. (miles,) war;
militaOy service.
Milito, are, avi, itum, intr,
(id.) to serve in war.
Mille, n. ind. (in sing.) a thousand: millia, um, pl.-mille, adj. ind. ~ 24, 5.
Milliarium, i, n. (mille sc. passuum, App. VI. 5,) a milestone; a mile, or 5000 feet:
ad quintum milliarium urbis, to the fifth milestone
of the city, i. e. within five
miles of the city.
Miltiades, is, m. a celebrated
Athenian general, who -conquered the Persians.
Milvius, i, m. a kite.
Mina, drum, f. pl. (mineo,
to hang over;) projecting
points; battlements; commonly, threats.
Minatus, a, um, part. (minor.)
Minerva, e, f. the daughter
of Jupiter, and goddess of
war and wisdom.
Minime, adv. (sup. of parum,)
least; at least; not at all.
Minimus, a, um, adj. (sup. of
parvus, ~ 26,) the least; the
smallest.


23





MINISTERIUM-MODUS


Ministerium, i, n. (minister,)
s.orvice; labor.
Minium, i, n. red lead; vermilion.
Minor, ari, atus sum, tr. dep.
& intr. to project; to reach
upwards; to threaten; to
menace.
Minor, bris, adj. (comp. of
parvus, ~ 26,) less; smaller; weaker.
Minos, ois, a son of Europa,
and king of Crete.
Minuo, minuere, min ui, mimntum, tr. (minus,) to diminish.
MinDs, adv. (minor,) (comp.
of parum,) less: qub minu'is,
or quominis, that-not.
Miraciilum, i, n. (miror,) a
miracle; a wonder.
Mirabilis, e, adj. (id.) wonderful; astonishing.
Miritus, a, urn, part. (miror,)
wondering at.
Mird, adv. (mirus,) wonderfully; remarkably.
Miror, Ari, Atus sum, tr. dep.
to wonder at; to admire;
from
Mirus, a, um, adj. wonderful;
surprising.
Misceo, miscere, miscui, mistum or mixtum, tr. to mingle; to mix.
MIiser, Ira, Irum, adj. (erior,
errimus,) miserable; unhappy; wretched; sad.
NMiseratus, a, umn, part. (mis&ror.)
Misereor, miseiiri, mise'ritus,


or misertus sum, tr. dep.
(miser,) to have compassion,
to pity.
M1iseret, miseruit, miseritumni
est, imp. (misereo, fr. miser,) it pitieth: me miseret, I pity.
Misericordia, T, f. (misericors
from misereo & cor,) pity;
compassion.
Miseror, ari, Atus sum, tr.
dep. (miser,) to pity.
Misi.   See Mitto.
Mistus & mixtus, a, um, part.
(misceo.)
Mithridates, is, m. a celebrated king of Pontus.
Mithridaticus, a, unm, adj. belongingo to Mithridates;
Miithridatic.
Mitis, e, adj. ~ 21, II., (ior issimus,) mild; meek; kind;
humane.
Mitto, mittbre, misi, missum,
tr. to send; to throw; to
bring forth; to produce: to
afford:  mittere   se  in
aquam, to plunge into the
water.
Mixtus. See Mistus.
Modicus, a, um, adj. (modus,)
moderate; of moderate size;
small.
Modius, i, m. a measure; a
half bushel. App. VI. 4.
Mod', adv. now; only; but.
mod'--mod', sometimessometimes:   conj. (for si
modo or dumrnr6do,) provided that; if only.
Modus, i, m. a      measure;





MCENIA-MUCIUS.


267


(App. VI. 4,) a manner; a
way; degree; limit; moderation.
Monia, um, n. pl. (munio,)
the walls of a city, furnished with towers and battlements for defence.
Moenus, i, m. the Maine, a river of   Germany, and     a
branch of the Rhine.
Mcerens, tis, part. from
Mcereo, moerere, intr. to be
sad; to mourn.
Moris, is, m, a lake in Egypt.
Moles, is, f. a mass; a bulk; a
burden; a weight; a pile.
Molestus, a, um, adj. (moles,)
(ior, issimus,) irksome; severe; troublesome; oppressive; unwelcome.
Mollio, ire, ivi, Itum, tr. to
soften; to moderate; from
Mollis, e, adj. (ior, issimus,)
soft; tender.
Molossi, 5rum, m. pl. the Molossians, a people of Epirus.
Momordi.    See Mordeo.
Monens, tis, part. from
Moneo, ere, ui, Itum, tr. to
advise; to remind; to warn;
to admonish: hence,
Monimentum or -umentum, i,
n. (moneo,) a monument; a
memorial; a record; and
Monitor, oris, m. a monitor.
Mons, tis, m. a mountain; a
mount.
Monstro, ire, avi, Itum, tr.
(moneo,) to show; point out.
Mora, e, f. delay.
Morbus, i, m. a disease.


Mordax, hcis, adj. (comp.) biting; sharp: snappish; from
Mordeo, mordeie, momordi,
morsum, tr. to bite.
Mores. See Mos.
Moriens, tis, part. from
Morior, mori & moriri, mortuus sum, intr. dep. ~ 82;
to die.
Moror, ari, atus sum, intr. dep.
to delay; to tarry; to stay;
to remain:tr.nihilmoror; 1
care not for; I value not.
Morbsus, a, ur, adj. comp.
(mos,) morose; peevish;
fretful.
Mors, tis, f. death.
Morsus, fs, m. (mordeo,) bite;
biting.
Mortalis, e, adj.(mors,) mortal,
Mortuus, a, um, part. (morior,) dead.
Mos, m5ris, m. a manner; a
way; a custom: more, after the manner of; like:
mores,conduct; deportment;
manners; customs.
Mossyni, orum, m. pl. a people
of Asia Minor, near the
Euxine.
Motus, us, m. (moveo,) motion: terre motus, an earthquake.
Motus, a, um, part. from
Moveo, movere, movi, motum,
tr. to move; to stir; to excite.
Mox, adv. soon; soon after; by
and by.
Mucius, i. m. (Scaevola,) a
Roman, celebrated for his
fortitude.





26S


2MULIEBRIS-NARBONENSIS.


Mulebris, e, adj. womanly;
female; from
Mulier, eris, f. a woman.
Multittido, inis, f. (multus,) a
multztude.
Multo, or -cto, are, avi, dtum,
tr. (multa, or mulcta, fr.
mulgeo,) to punish by deprivation; to fine; to impose a fine; to sentence to
pay afine.
Multb, & Multtim, adv. much:
multo, by far.
Multus, a, um, adj. much;
many.
Mummius, i, m. a Roman general.
Mundus, i, m. (mundus, neat,
orderly,) the world; the
universe.
Muniendus, a, um, part. from
Munfo, ire, ivi, tum, tr. to
build a wall or fortress; to
fortify: viam, to open or
prepare a road.
Munus, Iris, n. an ofice; service; duty; a gift; a present; a favor; a reward for
service; (distinguished from
donum, a free gift.)
Muralis, e, adj. pertaining to
a wall: corona, the mural
crown, given to him who
first mounted the wall of a
besieged town; from
Murus, i, m. a wall, a wall of
a town, garden, or other
enclosed place.
Mus, muris, m. a mouse.
Musa, e, f. a muse; a song.
Musca, m, f. afly.


Musciilus, i, m. dim. (mus,) a
little mouse.
Musice, es, & Musica, Ce, f.
(musa,) music; the art of
music; hence,
Musicus, a, um, adj. musical.
Muto, are, avi, atum, tr. (moveo,) to change; to transform.
Mygdonia, m, f. a small country of Phrygia.
Myrmecides, is, m. an ingenious artist of Miletus.
Myndius, i, m. a Myndian; an
inhabitant of Myndus.
Myndus, i, f. a city in Caria,
near Halicarnassus.
Mysia, e, f. a country of Asia
Minor, having    the Propontis on the north, and th
JEigean sea on the west
N.
Nabis, idis, m. a tyrant of
Lacedcemon.
Noe, adv. verily; truly.
Nactus, a, um, part. (nanciscor,) having found.
Nam, conj. for; but.
Nanciscor, nancisci, nactus
sum, tr. dep. (nancio, not
used,) to get; to find; to
meet with.
Narbonensis, e, adj. Narbonensis Gallia, one of the
four divisions of Gaul, in
the south-eastern part, deriving its name from the
city of Narbo, now Narbonne.





NARIS-NEMO


269


Naris, is, f. the nostril.
Narro, are, avi, atum, tr. to
Srelate; to tell; to say.
Nascor, nasci, natus sum, intr.
dep. to be born; to grow; to
be produced.
Nasica, m, m. a surname of
Publius Cornelius Scipio.
Nasus, i, m. a nose.
Natalis, e, adj. (nascor,) natal: dies natalis, a birthday.
Natans, tis, part. from
Nato,are, avi, atum, intr. freq.
(no,) to swim; to float.
Natu, abl. sing. m. by birth:
natu minor, the younger:
minimus, the youngest:
major, the elder;: maximus, the oldest; ~ 26, 6.
Natfira, a, f. (nascor,) nature; creation;    power;
hence
Naturilis, e, adj. natural.
Natus, a, um, part. (nascor,)
born: octoginta annos natus, born eighty years; i. e.
eighty years old; hence,
Natus, i, m. a son.
Naufragium, i, n. (navis &
frango,) a shipwreck.
Nauta, m, and navita, Ee, (navis,) m. a sailor.
Navalis, e, adj. (navis,) naval;
belonging to ships.
Navigabilis, e, adj. (navigo,)
navigable.
Navigatio, anis, f. (id.) navigation, and
Navigium, i, n. a ship; a vessel from


Navigo, are, avi, atum, tr. (navis & ago,) to steer, navigate, or direct a ship; to
navigate; to sail.: navigatur, imp. navigation is carried on; they sail.
Navis, is, f. a ship.
Ne, conj. not; lest; lest that;
that-not: ne quidem, not
even; ~ 121.
Ne, conj. enclitic: whether;
or; (In direct questions the
translation  is  commonly
omitted, t 56, 3d.)
Nec, conj. (ne & que,) and
not; but not; neither; nor.
Necessarius, a, um, adj. (necesse,) necessary:--subs.
a friend.
Necessitas, atis, f. (id.) necessity; duty.
Neco, are, avi, or ui, atum,
tr. to kill; to destroy; toslay.
Nefas, n. ind. (ne & fas,) impiety; wrong; wickedness.
Neglectus, a, um, part. from
Negligo,-ligere,-lexi, -lectum,
tr. (nee & lego,) to neglect;
not to care for; to disregard.
Nego, are, avi, atum, tr. (probably, ne & aio,) to deny; to
refuse: equal to dico ut
non, to declare that not.
Negotium, i, n. (nec & otium,) business; labor; pains;
difficulty: facili or nullo
negotio, with little, or no
trouble; easily.
Nemo, inis, c. (ne & homo,)
no one; no man.





270


NEMIUS-NOCEO.


Nemus, oris, n. a forest; a
grove; (but not cosecrated
as lucus.)
Nepos, otis, m. a grandson.
Neptinus, i, m. the god of the
sea, son of Saturn and Ops.
Nequaquam, adv. (ne & quaquam,) by no means.
Neque, conj. (ne & que,) and
-not; neither; nor.
Nequeo, ire, ivi, itum, intr.
irr. (ne & queo, ~ 83, 3,)
I cannot; I am not able.
Nequis, -qua, -quod or -quid,
pro. (ne & quis,) ~ 35; lest
any one; that no one or no
thing.
Nereis, idis, f. a Nereid; a
sea-nymph.   The Nereids
were the daughters of Nereus and Doris.
Nescio, ire, ivi, itum, tr.(ne.&
scio,) to be ignorant of; not
to know; can not.
Nestus, i. m. a river in the
western part of Thrace.
Neuter, tra, trum, adj. (ne &
uter,) neither of the two;
neither.
Nicomedes, is, m. a king of
Bithynia.
Nidifico, are, avi, atum, intr.
(nidus and facio,) to build
a nest.
Nidus, i, m. a nest.
Niger, gra, grum. adj. (nigrior, nigerrimus,) black.
Nihil, n. ind. or Nihilum, i, n.
(ne & hilum,) nothing: nihil habeo quod, I have no

thing on account of which.
i. e. I have no reason why.
Nihilominus, adv. (nihilo minus, less by nothing;) nevertheless.
Nilus, i, m. the Nile; the larg.
est river of Africa.
Nimius, a, um, adj. (nimis,
too much;) too great; excesive; immoderate.
Nimium, & Nimio, adv. (id.)
too much.
Ninus, i, m. a king of Assyria.
Niobe, es, f. the wife of Amphion, king of Thebes.
Nisi, conj. (ne & si,) unless;
except; if not.
Nisus, i, m. a king of Megdris, and the father of Sylla
Nitidus, a, um, adj. comp. (niteo,) shining; bright; clear.
Nitor, oris, m. (niteo,) splendor; gloss; brilliancy.
Nitor, niti, nisus & nixus sum,
dep. to strive.
Nix, nivis, f. snow.
No, nare, navi, natum, intr.
to swim.
Nobilis, e, adj. (ior,issimus,)
(nosco,) known; noted; noble; celebrated; famous; of
high rank; hence,
Nobilitas, atis, f. nobility; the
nobility; the nobles; a noble spirit; nobleness.
Nobilito, are, avi, atum, tr.
(id.) to ennoble; to make
famous.
Noceo, ere, ui, itum, intr. to
injure; to harm.





NOCTU- NUMANTIA.


271


Noctu, abl. sing. monoptot,
by night; in the night
time.
Nocturnus, a, um, adj. (noctu,) nightly; nocturnal.
Nodus, i, m. a knot; a tumor.
Nola, m, f. a city of Campania.
Nolo, nolle, nolui, intr. irr.
(non & volo, ~ 83, 5,) to be
unwilling: noli facere, do
not: noli esse, be not; t 87.
Nomades, urn, m. pl. a name
given to those tribes who
wander from place to place,
with their flocks and herds,
having no fixed residence.
Nomen, inis, n. a name;fame.
Non, adv. not.
Nonagesimus, a, un, adj. ord.
the ninetieth.
Nonne, adv. (non and ne,
a negative interrogative,)
not? as, nonne fecit? has
he not done it?
Nonnihil, n. ind. (non nihil,
not nothing; i. e.) something.
Nonnisi, adv. (non & nisi,)
only; not; except.
Nonnullus, a, um, adj. (non &
nullus,) some.
Nonus, a, um, num. adj. the
ninth.
Nos. See Ego.
Nosco, nosc6re, novi, notum,
tr. to know; to understand;
to learn.
Noster, tra, trum, pro. our;
~ 30.
Nota, m, f. (nosco,) a mark.


Notans, tis, part. from
Noto, are, avi, atum, tr. (nota,) to mark; to stigmatize; to observe.
Notus, a, um, part. (fr. nosco,) known.
Novem, ind. num. adj. pl.
nine.
Novus, a, um, adj. (sup. issimus, ~ 26, 5,) new; recent;
fresh.
Nox, noctis, f. night: de nocte, by night.
Noxius, a, um, adj. (noceo,)
hurtful; injurious.
Nubes, is, f. a cloud.
Nubo, nubere, nupsi & nupta sum, nuptum, intr. to
cover with a veil; to marry; to be married; (used
only of the wife.)
Nudatus, a, um, part. laid
open; stripped; deprived;
from
Nudo, are, avi, atum, tr. to
make naked; to lay open,
from
Nudus, a, um, adj. naked; bare.
Nullus, a, um, gen. ius, adj.
(non ullus,) no; no one.
Num, interrog. adv. in indirect questions, whether? in
direct questions, commonly
omitted. See Ne, and t
56, 3d.
Numa, ma, m. (Pompilius,) the
second king of Rome, and
the successor of Romulus.
Numantia, e, f. a city of Spain
besieged by the Romans for
twenty years.





)720


27  NUMANTINI-OBLIGO.


Numantini, brum, m. pl. Numantines; the people of Numantia.
Numen, inis, n. (nuo,) a deity;
a god.
Num ro, are, ivi, atum, tr. to
count; to number; to reckon;
from
Numn1rus, i, m. a number.
Numide, Arum, m. pl. the Numidians.
Numidia, oe, f. a country of
Africa.
Numitor, bris, m. the father
of Rhea Silvia, and grandfather of Romulus and
Remus.
Nummus, i, m. money.
Nune, adv. now; nune etiam,
even now; still.
Nunciipo, are, avi, 5tum, tr.
(nomen & capio,) to name;
to call.
Nunquam, (ne & unquam,)
adv. never.
Nuntiatus, a, um, part. from
Nuntio, or -cio, Are, avi, Atum,
tr. (nuntius,) to announce;
to tell.
Nuptioe, arum, f. pl. (nubo,)
nuptials; marriage; a wedding.
Nusquam, adv.- (ne & usquam,) no where; in no
place.
Nutriendus, a, um, part. to be
nourished.
Nutrio, ire, ivi, itum, tr. to
nourish.
Nutritus, a, um, part.
Nutrix, icis, f.(nutrio,) a nurse.


Nympha, a, f. za nymph; a
goddess presiding overfountains, groves, or rivers, &c
0.
0! int. 0! ah!
Ob, prep. for; on account cf,
before.
Obdormisco, -dormiscere,-dormlvi, intr. inc. (ob & dormisco,) to fall asleep; to
sleep.
Obdilco, -ducere, -duxi, -ductum, tr. (ob & duco,) to
draw over; to cover over.
Obductus, a, urmn, part. spread
over; covered over.
Obedio, ire, ivi, itum, intr.
(ob & audio,) to give ear
to; to obey; to comply with;
to be subject to.
Obeo, ire, ivi & ii, Itum, tr. &
intr. (ob & eo,) to go to; to
discharge; to execute; to
die; (i. e. mortem or suprern um, diem obire.)
Oberro, are, avi, Atum, (ob &
erro,) to wander; to wander
about.
Obitus, ius, m. (obeo,) death.
Objaceo, ere, ui, itum, intr.
(ob & jaceo,) to lie against
or before; to be opposite.
Objectus, a, um, part. thrown
to or in the way; exposed.
Objicio, -jicere, -j eci, -jecturn,
tr. (ob & jacio,) to throw
before; to throw to; to give;
to olbject; to expose.
Obligo, are, Avi, 4tum, tr. (ob





OBLIQUE--OCCIDO.


2/73


&   ligo,) to bind to; to
oblige; to obligate.
Oblique, adv. indirectly; obliquely; from
Obliquus, a, um, adj. (ob &
liquis,) oblique; indirect;
sidewise.
Oblitus, a, um, part. forgetting; having Jbrgotten; fr.
Obliviscor, oblivisci, oblitus
sum, tr. dep. (ob & lino,)
to forget.
Obnoxius, a, um, adj. (ob &
noxius,) obnoxious; subject;
exposed to; liable.
Obruo, -ruire, -rui, -riitum, tr.
(ob & ruo,) to rush down
headlong against; to overwhelm; to cover; to bury.
Obruitus, a; um, part. buried;
covered; overwhelmed.
Obscfro, are, avi, htum, tr.
(obscirus,) to obscure; to
darken.
Obsecro, are, avi, atum, tr.
(ob & sacro,) to beseech; to
conjure.
Obsiquor, sequi, secuitus sum,
intr. dep. (ob & sequor,) to
follow; to serve; to obey; to
humor.
Observo, are, avi, Atum, tr. (ob
& servo,) to keep before the
mind; to observe; to watch.
Obses, idis, c. (obsideo,) a
hostage.
Obsessus. a, um, part. besieged; from
Obsideo, -sidere, -sedi, -sessum, tr. (ob & sedeo,) to


'sit  before  or   opposite;
hence, to besiege; to snvest; to blockade, hence
Obsidio, onis f. a siege.
Obsidionalis, e, adj. belonging
to a siege; obsidional: corona, a crown given to him
who had raised a siege.
Obstetrix, icis, f. a midwife.
Obtestatus, a, um, part. from
Obtestor, ari, atus sum, tr.
dep. (ob & testor,) to call
solemnly to witness; to conjure; to beseech; to entreat.
Obtineo, -tinere, -tir.ui, -tenturn, tr. (ob & teneo,) to
hold; to retain; to obtain:
obtinet sententia, the opinion prevails.
Obtiulit.  See Offero.
Obviam, adv. (ob & viam,) in
the way; meeting; to meet:
fio or eo obviam, I meet; 1
go to meet.
Occasio, onis, f. (ob & cado,)
an occasion; a good opportunity.
Occasus, fis, m. (id.) the descent; the setting of the
heavenly bodies; evening;
the west.
Occidens, tis, m. (id.) the setting sun; evening; the west.
Occidentalis,   e,   adj.  (id.)
western; occidental.
Occido, occidere, occidi, occisum, tr. (ob & credo,) to
beat; to kill; to slay; to put
to death.
Occido, occidere, occidi, occa




274


OCCISURUS-OLYMPICUS.


sumn, intr. (ob & cado,) to
fill; to fall down; to set.
Occistrus, a, um, part. (occido..).
OccIsus, a, um, part. (occido.)
Occmcatus, a, um, part. from
Occeco, are, avi, Atum, tr.
(ob & coeco,) to blind; to
dazzle.
Occulto, are, avi, atum, tr.
freq. (occiilo,) to conceal;
to hide.
Occultor, ari, atus sum, pass.
to be concealed; to hide
one's self.
Occiipo, are, avi, atum, tr.
(ob & capio,) to occupy; to
seize upon; to take possession of before another.
Occurro,-currere,-curri & -cucurri, -cursum, intr. (ob &
curro,) to meet; to go to
meet; to run to meet; to
encounter.
Oceanus, i, m. the ocean; the
sea.
Octavianus, i, m. (Cesar,) the
nephew and adopted son of
Julius Ccesar, called, after
the battle of Actium, Augustus.
Octavus, a, um, num. adj.
(octo,) eighth.
Octingenti, e, a, num. adj.
pl. (octo & centum,) eight
hundred.
Octo, ind. num. adj. pl. eight.
Octoginta, ind. num, adj. pl.
(octo,) eighty.
Ociilus, 1, m. an eye.


Odi, odisse, def. pret. ~ 84. 1
Obs. 2, to hate; to detest.
Odium, i, n. hatred.
Odor, 6ris, m. a smell: pl.
odares, odors; perfumes.
Odoror, ari, Atus sum, tr.
dep. (odor,) to smell.
ZEneus, ei & eos, m. a king
of Calydon, and father of
Meledger and Dejanlra.
(Enomraus, i, m. the name of
a celebrated gladiator.
CEta, a m. a mountain in
Thessaly, on the borders of
Doris.
Off ro, offerre, obtiili, oblitum, tr. irr. (ob & fero,)
to bring before; to ofer; to
present.
Officina, CT, (opificina, from
opifex,) a work-shop; an
office.
Officio, -ficere, -f4ci, -fectum,
tr. (ob & facio,) to act in
opposition; to stand in the
way of; to injure; to hurt.
Officium, i, n. (i. e. opificium,
fr. ops & facio,) a kindness; duty; an obligation;
politeness; civility; attention.
Olea, C, f. an olive-tree.
Oleum, i, n. oil.
Olim,ad v. formerly; sometime.
Olor, 6ris, m. a swan.
Olus, Cris, n. herbs; pot-herbs.
Olympia, re, f. a town and dzstrict of the Peloponnesus,
upon the Alpheus.
Olympicus, a, um, adj. Olym




OLYMPIUS--ORANS.


275


pic; pertaining  to Olympia
Olympius a, um, adj. Olympian; pertaining to Olympus or to Olympia.
Olympus, i, m. a high mountain between Thessaly and
Macedon.
Omen, inis, n. an omen; a
sign.
Omnis, e, adj. all; every; every one: omnes, all: omnia, all things: sine omni discordiA, without any
discord.
Onus, iris, n. a burden; a
load.
Onustus, a, um, adj. comp.
(onus,) laden; full of.
Opera, me, f. (opus,) labor;
pains: dare operam, to do
one's endeavor; to devote
one's self to.
Operor, ari, atus sum, intr.
dep. (opera,) to labor; to
work.
Opimus, a, um, adj. (ops, is,)
(ior, sup. wanting; ~ 26, 6,)
fat; rich; fruitful; dainty.
Oportet, ere, uit, imp. it behoves; it is meet, fit, or
proper; it is a duty; we
ought.
Oppidum, i, n. a walled town;
a town.
Oppono, -ponere, -posui, -positum, tr. (ob & pono,). to
place opposite; to oppose;
to set against.
Opportinus, a, um, adj. (ior,
issimus,) (ob and portus,


with a harbor near. or opposite, hence,) seasonable,
commodious;     convenient;
favorable.
Oppositus, a, um, part. opposite; opposed.
Opprimo, -primere, -pressi,
-pressum, tr. (ob & premo,) to   press   down, or
against; to oppress; to overpower; to subdue.
Oppugnatus, a, um, part. from
Oppugno, are, avi, atum, tr.
(ob &    pugno,) to fight
against; to assault; to besiege; to attempt to take
by force; to storm.
(Ops, nom., not in use, ~ 18,
12,) opis, gen. f. aid; help;
means; assistance: opes, pl.
wealth; riches; resources;
power.
Optime, adv (sup. of bene,)
very well; excellently; best.
Optimus, a, um, adj. (sup of
bonus,) (opto,) most desirable; best; most worthy.
Optio, 5nis, f. a choice; an option; from
Opto, are, avi, atum, tr. to desire.
Opulens, & opulentus, a, um,
adj. (ior, issimus,) rich;
opulent; wealthy; fr. ops.
Opus, eris, n. a work; a labor,
Opus, subs. & adj. ind. need.
Ora, me, f. a coast; a shore.
Ora, pl. See Os.
Oraciilum, i, n. (oro,) an ora.
cle; a response.
Orans, tis, part. (oro.)





276


ORATIO-PABULUM.


Oralto, 5nis, f. (oro,) a discourse; an oration.
Orator, oris, m. (oro,) an orator; an ambassador.
Orbitus, a, ur, part. (orbo,)
bereaved or deprived of.
Orbelus, i, m. a mountain of
Thrace or Macedonia.
Orbis, is, m. an orb; a circle:
in  orbem   jacere, to lie
round in a circle: orbis, or
orbis terrarum, the world.
Orbo, are, avi, atum, tr. (orbus,) to   deprive; to bereave of.
Orcus, i, m. Pluto, the god of
the lower world; the infernal regions.
Ordino, are, avi, atum, tr. to
set in order; to arrange; to
ordain.
Ordo, nis, m. order; arrangement; a row: ordines remorum, banks ofoars.
Oriens, tis, m. (orior,) sc. sol,
the place of sun-rising; the
east; the morning.
Oriens, part. (orior.)
Orientalis, e, adj. (id.) eastern.
Origo, inis, f. source; origin:
originem ducere, to derive
one's origin; from
Orior, oriri, ortus sum, intr.
dep. ~ 82, 8; to arise; to
begin; to appear.
Ornamentum, i, n. (orno,) an
ornament.
Orn~tus,is,m.an ornament; fr.
Orno, are, avi, atum, tr. to
adorn; to deck; to furnish;
to equzp.


Oro, are, avi, atum, tr. (os,)
to beg; to entreat.
Orodes, is, m. a king of Par..
thia, who took and destroyed Crassus.
Orpheus, e' & eos, m. a celebrated poet and musician
of Thrace; ~ 15, 13.
Ortus, a, um, part. (orior,)
having arisen; risen; born;
begun.
Ortus,   Is, m. (id.) a rising;
east.
Os, oris, n. the mouth; the face.
Os, ossis, n. a bone.
Ossa, %, m. a high mountain
in Thessaly.
Ostendo, -tendere, -tendi,-tensum & -tentum, tr. (ob &
tendo,) to stretch or hold
before; to show; to point
out; to exhibit.
Ostia, Ce, f. a town, built by
Ancus    Marcius, at     the
mouth of the Tiber; from
Ostium, i, n. a mouth of a
river.
Ostrea, m, f. ostrea, 5rum, pl.
n. an oyster.
Otium, i, n. leisure; quiet,
ease; idleness.
Otos, i, m. a son of Neptune.
or of Aloeus.
Ovis, is, f. a sheep.
Ovum, i, n. an egg.
P
P. an abbreviation of Publius
Pabuilum, i, n. (pasco,) food
for cattle; fodder.





PACISCOR-T'AROPAMISUS.


277


Paciscor, pacisci, pactus sum,
tr. & intr. (pango, tofix or
settle; hence,) to make a
compact; to form a treaty;
to bargain; to agree.
Pactalus, i, m. a river of Lydia, famous for its golden
sands.
Pactum, i, n. (paciscor,) an
agreement;  a  contract:
quo pacto, in what manner; how.
Pactus, a, um, part. (paciscor.)
Padus, i, m. the largest river
of Italy, now the Po.
Paene, (See Pene,) adv. almost.
Palea, fe, f. chaf.
Palma, De, f. the palm of the
hand; a palm-tree.
Palpebra, ae, f. (palpo) the eyelid: pl. the eyelashes.
Palus, -idis, f. a marsh; a
swamp; a lake; hence,
Paluster, palustris, palustre,
adj. marshy.
Pan, Panis, m. (Acc. Pana)
the god of shepherds.
Pando, pandere, pandi, pansum and passum, tr. to open;
to expand; to spread out.
Panionium, i, n. a sacred place
near mount Mycale in lonia.
Panis, is, m. bread.
Panthera, M, f. a panther.
Papirius, i, m. the name of
several Romans.
Papyrus, d. and Papyrum, i, n.
an Egyptian plant or reed,
of which paper was made;
the papyrus


Par, paris, adj, equal; even,
suitable.
Paratus, a, um, part. and adj.
(ior, issimus,) (paro,) prepared; ready.
Parcae, arum, f. pl. the Fates.
Parco, parcere, peperci or parsi, parsum, or parcitum,
intr. to spare.
Pardus, i, m. a male panther.
Parens, tis, c. (pario,) a parent,
father; mother; creator;
author; inventor.
Pareo, Ere, ui, intr. to come
near; to be at hand; hence,
to obey; to be subject to.
Paries, etis, m. a wall, (of a
house.)
Pario, parere, peperi, partum,
tr. to bear; to bring forth;
to cause; to produce; to obtain; to gain: ovum, to
lay an egg.
Paris, idis or idos, m. (~ 15,13)
a son of Priam, king of
Troy, and brother of Hector.
Pariter, adv. (par.) in   like
manner; equally; at the
same time.
Parnassus, i, m. a mountain of
Phocis, whose two summits
were sacred to Apollo and
Bacchus, and upon which
the Muses were fabled to
reside.
Paro, are, avi, atum, tr. to
prepare; to provide; to procure; to obtain; to equip:
parare insidias, to lay plots
against.
Paropamisus. i, m. a ridge of


24





'278


PARS- PATRIMONIUM.


mnountains in the north of
India.
Pars, tis, f. a part; a share; a
portion; a region; a party:
in utraque parte, on each
side: magna ex parte, in
a great measure; for the
most part.
Parsimonia, Be, f. (parco,)frugality.
Parthus, i, m. an inhabitant
of Parthia; a Parthian.
Particiila, ue, f. dim. (pars,) a
particle; a small part.
Partiendus, a, um, part. (partior.)
Partim, adv. (pars.) partly;
in part.
Partior, iri, itus sum, tr. dep.
(pars,) to divide; to share.
Partus, a, um, part. (pario.)
Partus, fis, m. (id.) a birth; offspring.
Parum, adv. (minus, minlme,
~ 89, III.,) little; too little.
Parvuilus, a, um, dim. adj.
small; very small; from
Parvus, a, um, adj. (minor,
minimus, ~ 26,) small or
little; less; the least.
Pasco, pascere, pavi, pastum,
tr. & intr. to give food to;
to feed; to graze.
Pascor, pasci, pastus sum, tr. &
intr. dep. to feed; to graze;
to feed upon.
Passer, eris, m. a sparrow.
Passim, adv. (passus fr. pando,) here and there; every
where; in every direction.
Passfirus, a, um, part. (patior.)


Passus, a, um, part. (patior,)
having suffered.
Passus, a, um, part. (pando,)
stretched out; hung up;
dried: uva passa, a raisin.
Passus, fs, m. (id.) a pace; a
measure of 5 feet: mille
passuum, a mile or 5000
feet. App. VI. 5.
Pastor, bris, m. (pasco,) a
shepherd.
Patefacio, facere, feci, factum,
tr. (pateo & facio,) to open;
to disclose; to discover; to
detect.
Patefio, fieri, factus sum, pass.
irr. ~ 83, Obs. 3, to be laid
open or discovered.
Patefactus, a, um, part. opened; discovered.
Patens, tis, part. & adj. lying
open; open; clear; from
Pateo, ere, ui, intr. to be open;
to stand open; to extend.
Pater, tris, m. a father: patres,fathers; senators: paterfamilias, patrisfamilias,
~ 18, 9, the master of a
family;   a   housekeeper;
hence,
Paternus, a, um, adj. paternal.
Patientia, e, f. patience; hardiness; from
Patior, pati, passus sum, tr.
dep. to sufer; to endure;
to let; to allow.
Patria, ae, f. (patrius, fr. pater,)
one's native country; one's
birthplace.
Patrimonium, i, n. (pater,) pa.
trimony; inheritance.





PATROCINIVMA-PENINSULA.


279


Patrocinium, i, n. patronage;
from
Patrbnus, i, m. (pater,) a patron; protector.
Patruelis, is, c. (patruus,) a
cousin (by thefather's side.)
Pauci, w, a, adj. pl. (paucus
sing. seldom used,) few; a
few.
Paulatim, adv. (paulus,) gradually; little by little.
Paulb, or Paull6, adv. (id.) a
little.
Pauliilium, adv. a little.
Paullus, or Paulus, i, m. a
cogn6mrnen or surname in
the XEmilian tribe.
Pauper, 'ris, adj. (ior, rimnus,)
poor; hence,
Pauperies, 6i, f. poverty; and
Paupertas, atis, f. poverty;indigence.
Paveo, pavEre, pavi, intr. to
fear; to be afraid.
Pave, Onis, c. a peacock.
Pax, pacis, f. peace.
Pecco, are, avi, atum, intr. to
do wrong; to commit afault;
to sin.
Pecto, pectere, pexi & pexui,
pexum, tr. to comb; to
dress.
Pectus, 6ris, i1. the breast.
Pecunia, ae, f. (pecus, thefirst
coin in Rome being stamped
with asheep;) money; asum
of money.
Pecus, iidis, f. a sheep; a beast.
Pecus, 6ris, n. cattle(ofa large
size;) a herd; aflock.
Pedes, itis, c. (pes & eo,) one


who goes on foot; a footsoldier.
Pelagus, i, n. the sea.
Peleus, i, m. a king of Thessaly, the son of ZEdcus, and
father of Achilles.
Pelias, v, m. a king of Thessaly, and son of Neptune.
Peligni, orum, m. pl. a people
of Italy, whose country lay
between the Aternus and
the Sagrus.
Pelion, i, n. a lofty mountain
in Thessaly.
Pellicio, -licere, -lexi, -lectum,
tr. (per & lacio,) to allure;
to entice; to invite.
Pellis, is, f. the skin.
Pello, pellere, pepili, pulsum,
tr. to drive away; to banish;
to expel; to dispossess; to
beat.
Peloponnasus, i, f. a peninsula
of Greece, now called the
lMorea.
Pelusium, i,n. a town ofEgypt.
Pendens, tis, part. hanging,
impending.
Pendeo, pendere, pependi,
pensum, intr. to hang.
Pene, adv. almost; nearly.
Penetrale, is, n. the inner part
of a house, fr. penetralis fr.
Pen'tro, are, Avi, atum, (penitus,) tr. to go within; to
penetrate; to enter.
Penius, i, m. the principal
river of Thessaly, flowing
between Ossa and Olympus.
Peninsilla, e, f. (pene & insula,) a peninsiula.





PENNA-PERICULUM.


Penna, m, f. afeather; a quill;
a wing.
Pensilis, e, adj.(pendeo,)hanging; pendent.
Penuria, me, f. want; scarcity.
Peperci. See Parco.
Pepuili. See Pello.
Peperi. See Pario.
Per, prep. by; through; for;
during; along.
Pera, e, f. a wallet; a bag.
Peragro, are, avi, atum, intr.
(per &   ager,) to   travel
through; to go through or
over, (sc. the feld or country.)
Percontor& -cunctor, dri, atus
sum, tr. dep. (per and contor,) to ask; to inquire.
Percunctatus, a, urn, part.
(percunctor.)
Percussor, oris, m. one who
wounds; a murderer; an
assassin; from
Percutio, -cutere, cussi, -cussum, tr. (per & quatio,) to
strike; to wound: secfiri,
to behead.
Perdite, adv. very; vehemently; exceedingly: desperately; from
Perditus, a, um, part. & adj.
(perdo,) ruined; lost; undone; desperate.
Perdix, icis, f. a partridge.
Perdo, -di~re, -didi, -ditum, tr.
(per & do,) to ruin; to lose;
to destroy.
Perdfico, -ducere, -duxi, -ducturn, tr. (per & duco,) to
lead to, or through to.


Perductus,    a,  um,    part,
brought; led; conducted.
Peregrinatio, 5nis, f. foreign
travel; a residence in a
foreign country; from
Peregrinus, a, um, adj. (peregre',and that from per &
ager,) foreign.
Perennis, e, adj. (per & annus,) lasting through the
year; continual; lasting;
unceasing; everlasting; pe.
rennial.
Pereo, -ire,-ii,-itum, intr. irr.
(per & eo,) to perish; to be
slain; to be lost.
Perfidia, Ce, f. perfidy; from
Perfidus, a, ur, adj. (per &
fides,) breaking faith; perfidious.
Pergamum, i, n., & -us, i, f.,
-a, brum, pl. n. the citadel
of  Troy; also, a city of
Mysia, situated upon the
Sriver Calcus, where parchment was first made, hence
called Pergamena.
Pergo, pergere, perrexi, perrectum, intr. (per & rego,)
to go straight on; to advance; to continue.
Pericles, is, m. an eminent orator and statesman of Athens.
Periculosus,a,um, adj. (comp.)
full of danger; dangerous;
perilous; hazardous; from
Pericuilum, & Periclum, i, n.
(perior, obsol. whence experior, to try; hence,) an
experiment; a trial; danger; peril.





PE RITTTRUS- PERTINEO.


Peritfirus, a, um, part. (pereo.)
Peritus, a, um, adj. (ior, issimus,) (perior,) experienced;
skilful.
Permeo are, Evi, dtum, intr.
(per & meo.) to go through;
to flow through; to penetrate; to permeate.
Permisceo, -miscre, -miscui
-mistum & -mixtum, tr.
(per & misceo,) to mix
thoroughly; to mingle.
Permistus, a, um, part. mixed;
mingled; confused.
Permitto, -mittire, - misi, -missum, tr. (per & 1-mitto,) to
grant; to allow; to permit;
to commit; to intrust; to
give leave to; to grant.
Permnutatio, onis, f. exchange;
change; from
Permito. are, avi, atum, tr.
(per & muto,) to change;
to exchange.
Pernicies, ei, f. (perneco,) destruction; extermination;
hence,
Perniciosus, a, um, adj. (ior,
issimus,) pernicious; hurtful.
Perpendo, -pend re, -pendi,
-pensum, tr. (per & pendo,)
to weigh; to ponder; to consider.
Perperam, adv. wrong; amiss;
rashly; unjustly; absurdly; falsely.
Perpetior, -piti, -pessus sum,
tr. dep. (per & patior,) to
endure; to bear; to suffer.


Perpetuus, a, um, adj. (perpes,) perpetual; constant
Perrexi. See Pergo.
Persa, ve, m. a Persian; aninhabitant of Persia.
Persecitus, a, um, part. from
Pers'quor, -siqui, -secitus
sum, tr. dep. (per & sequor,) to follozo closely; to
pursue; to follow; to continue; to persevere in; to
persecute.
Perseus, eY & eos, m. the son
of Jupiter and Dande; also, the last kingo of VMacedon.
Persicus, a, um, adj. of Persia; Persian.
Perspicio,   -spicdre,  -spexi,
-spectum, tr. (per & specio,) to see through; to discern; to become acquainted
with; to discover.
Persuadeo,, -saudere, -sutasi,
-suasum, tr. (per & suadeo,) to persuade.
Perterreo,-terrere,-terrui, -territum, tr. (per & terreo,) to
frighten greatly.
Perterritus, a, um, part. af
frighted; discouraged.
Pertinaciter, adv. (idis, issime,) obstinately; constantly; perseveringly; from
Pertinax, acis, adj. (ior, issimus,) (per & tenax,) obsti
nate; wilful.
Pertineo, -tincre, -tinui, intr.
(per & teneo,) to extend.
to reach to.





282


PERVENIO--PHOCIE1.


Pervemuo, -venire, -veni, -ven- Pharos, i, f. a small island at
turn, intr. (per & venio,) to    the western mouth of the
come to; to arrive at; to         Nile, on whzch was a tower
reach,                           or light-house, esteemed one
Pervenitur, pass. imp. one           of the seven wonders of the
comes; they come; we come,       world.
&c. t 67, Note.               Pharsalus, i, m. a      city  of
Pervius, a, um, adj. (per &          Thessaly.
via,) pervious; which may     Pharnaces, is, m. a son of
be passed through; passable.     Mithridates, king of PonPes, pedis, m. afoot,               tus.
Pessum, adv. down; under         Phasis, idis & is, f. a town and
foot; to   the bottom: ire        river of Colchis, on the east
pessum, to sink.                  side of the Euxine.
Pestilentia, ue, f. (pestilens, fr. Phidias, a, m. a celebrated
pestis,)  a   pestilence;  a     Athenian statuary.
plague.                       Phileni, orum, m. pl. two
Petens, tis, part. (peto.)           Carthaginign brothers, who
Petitio, 6nis, f. a petition; a      suffered themselves to be bucanvassing or soliciting for     ried alive, for the purpose
an office; from                   of establishing the controPeto, ere, ivi, itum, tr. to ask;   verted  boundary   of  their
to request; to attack; to as-    country.
sail; to go to; to seek; to Philippi, orum, m. pl. a city
gofor; to bring,                 of Macedon, on the confines
Petra, ae, f. the metropolis of     of Thrace.
Arabia Petrcea.               Philippicus, a, um, adj. belongPetraea, ae, f. (Arabia,) Arabia    ing to Philippi.
Petrcea,thenorthern part of   Philippides, a, m. a comic poet.
Arabia, south of Palestine. Philippus, i, m. Philip; the
Petulantia. ve, f. (petulans,       father of Alexander; also
forward, fr. peto,) petu-         the son of Demetrius.
lance; insolence; mischie- Philomela, e, f. a nightingale.
vousness; wantonness.         Philosophia, ae, f. philosophy.
Phmax, acis, m. a Phceacian      Philosophus, i, m. a philosoor inhabitant of Phceacia,       pher; a lover of learning
now Corfu. The Phcacians          and wisdom.
were famous for luxury.       Phineus, i, m. a king of Arca
Phalerae, arum, f. pl. the trap-     dia, and priest of Apollo.
pings of a horse; habili- Phociei, brum, m. pl. the Phoments.                           cceans; inhabitants of Pho




PHOCIS-PLECTO.


ctea, a maritime city of lonia.
Phocis, idis, f. a country of
Greece.
Phwnice, es, f. Phenicia, a
maritime country of Syria,
north of Palestine.
Phenix, icis, m. a Phenician.
Phryx, ygis, m. a Phrygian;
an inhabitant of Phrygia.
Picentes, ium, m. pl. the inhabitants of Picenum.
Picenum, i, n. a country of
Italy.
Pictus, a, um, part. (pingo,)
painted; embroidered: picta
tabuila, a picture; a painting.
Pietas, atis, f. (pius,) piety;
filial duty.
Pignus, oris, n. a pledge; a
pawn; security; assurance.
Pila, as, f. a ball.
Pileus, i, m. a hat; a cap.
Pilus, i, m. the hair.
Pindarus, i, m. Pindar, a Theban, the most eminent of
the Greek lyric poets.
Pingo, pingire, pinxi, pictum,
tr. to represent by lines and
colors; to paint; to depict;
to delineate; to draw; acu,
to embroider.
Pinguis, e, adj. (ior, issimus,)
fat; fertile; rich.
Pinna, va, f. a wing; afin.
Pirveeus, m. the principal port
and arsenal of Athens.
Pirita, ae, m. a pirate;
Pisc~tor, oris, m. (piscor, from
piscis,) a fisherman.


Piscis, is, m. afish.
Pisistratus, i, m. an Athenian
tyrant, distinguished fbr
his eloquence.
Pistrinum, i, n. (pinso, to
bruise;) a mill.
Pius, i, m. an agnomen, or
surname of Metellus.
Pius, a, um, adj. dutiful, or
affectionate to parents; pzous.
Placeo, ore, ui, itum, intr. to
please: sibi, to be vain or
proud of, to plume one's
self.
Placet, placuit, or placitum
est, imp. it pleases; it is
determined; it seems good
to.
Placidus, a, um, adj. (ior, issimus,) (placeo,) placid;
quiet; still; tranquil; mild;
gentle.
Plaga, s, f. a blow; a wound:
plagme, pl. nets; toils.
Plane, adv. (planus,) entirely,
totally; plainly; clearly.
Planta, ae, f. a plant.
Platanus, i, f. the plane-tree.
Platea, f. a species of bird,
the spoonbill, the heron.
Plato, onis, m. an Athenzan,
one of  the most celebrated
of the Grecian philosophers.
Plaustrum,i,n.a cart; a wagon.
Plebs, and Plebes, is, f. the
people; the common people;
the plebeians
Plecto, plectere, tr. to strike;
to punish.
Plecto, plectere, plexui and





284


PLERUSQUE-POPULOR.


plexi, plexum, tr. to plait;
to twist; to weave.
Plerusque, pleraque, plerumque, adj. (mostly used in
the pl.) most; the most;
many.
Plerumque, adv. commonly;
generally; for the most
part; sometimes.
Plinius, i, m. Pliny; the name
of two distinguished Roman authors.
Plotinius, i, m. See Catienus.
Plumbeus, a, um, adj. of lead;
leaden; from
Plumbum, i. n. lead.
Pluo, pluere, plui or pluvi,
intr. to rain; pluit, it rains.
Plurimus, a, um, adj. (sup. of
multus,) very much; most;
very many.
Plus, uris, adj. (n. in sing.,
comparative ofmultus, ~ 21,
4 Exc.) more: pl. many.
Plus, adv. (comparative of
multUlm,) more; longer.
Pluto, Onis, m. a son of Saturn, and king of the infernal regions.
Pociilum, i, n. a cup.
Poema, atis, n. a poem.
Pena, e, f. satisfaction given
or taken for a crime; punishment; a punishment.
Pcmitet ere, uit, imp. (poeniteo, and that from poena,)
it repents: poeantet me, I
repent.
Penus, a, um, adj. belonging
to Carthage; Carthaginian:
subs. a Carthaginian.


Poeta, e, m. a poet.
Pol, adv. by Pollux; truly.
Pollex, icis, m. (polleo.) the
thumb; the great toe.
Polliceor, eri, itus sum, tr.
dep. (liceor,) to promise;
hence,
Pollicitus, a, um, part.
Pollux, uicis, m. ason of Leda,
and twin brother of Castor.
Polyxena, w, f. a daughter of
Priam and Hecuba.
Pomifer, era, erum, adj. (pomum & fero,) bearing fruit:
pomifirm arbores, fruittrees.
Pompa, an, f. a procession;
pomp; parade.
Pompeianus, a, um, adj. belonging to Pompey.
Pompeius, i, m, Pompey; the
name of a Roman gens, or
clan.
Pompilius, i, m. See Numa.
Pomum, i, n. an apple; any
fruit fit for eating growing upon a tree.
Pondus, Cris, n. (pendo,) a
weight.
Pono, ponere, posui, positum,
tr. to place; to put; to set.
Pons, tis, m, a bridge.
Pontius, i, m. (Thelesinus,) a
general of the Samnites.
Pontus, i, m. a sea; the deep
sea: by  synecdoche, the
Euxine or Black sea; also,
the kingdom of Pontus, on
the south side of the Euxine.
Poposci. See Posco.
Popuilor, ari, atus sum, tr. dep.





POPULUS-POTIOR.


2&'5'


(popiilo for depopiilo, fr.
popilus,) to lay waste; to
depopulate; from
Poptilus, i, m. the people; a
nation; a tribe: pl. nations;
tribes.
Porrectus, a, um, part. from
Porrigo, igere, exi, ectum, tr.
(pporro or pro & rego,) to
reach or spread out; to extend; to offer.
Porsena, a, m. a king ofEtruria.
Porta, w, f. (porto,) a gate.
Portans, tis, part. (porto.)
Portendo,-tendere,-tendi,-tentum, tr. (porro or pro &
tendo,) to show what will
be hereafter; to presage; to
forbode; to portend; to betoken.
Porticus, fis, f. (porta,) a portico; a gallery; a porch.
Porto, are, avi, Atum, tr. to
carry; to bear; hence,
Portus, fis, m. a port; a harbor.
Posco, posce're, poposci, tr. to
demand; to request earnestly; to ask as wages.
Positus, a, um, part. (pono,)
situated.
Possessio, onis, f. possession; &
Possessor, bris, m. a possessor;
an occupant; from
Possideo,-sidere,-sedi-sessum,
tr. (potis & sedeo,) to possess.
Possum, posse, potui, intr. irr.
(potis & sum, 6 83, 2,) to
be able; I can.


Post, prep. after:-adv. after,
after that; afterwards.
Postea, adv. (post & ea, after
these things;) aqfterwards.
Postirus, (m. not used,) 6ra,
erum, adj. ~ 26, 2, (erior,
remus,) (post,) succeeding;
subsequent; next: in posterum, (supply tempus,)for
the future: postiri, orum,
posterity.
Postis, is, m, (positus, fr. pono,) a thing set up; a post.
Postquam, adv. (post & quam,)
after; after that; since.
Postremr, & -ir M, adv. at last;
finally; from
Postrirmus, a, um, adj. (sup.
of posterus,) the last: ad
postremum, at last.
Postillo, are, avi, atum, tr.
(posco,) to ask; to askfor;
to demand, (as a right.)
Postumius, i, m. the name of
a Roman gens or clan.
Posui. See Pono.
Potens, tis, adj. (ior, issimus,)
being able; powerful; (possum.)
Potentia, e, f. (potens,) power; authority; government.
Potestas, atis, f. (potis,) power; (civil power, as distinguished from    imperium,
military command.)
Potio, onis, f. (poto,) a drink;
a draught.
Potior, 1ri, itus sum, intr. dep.
(potis,) to get; to possess,
tokobtain; to enjoy; to gain
possession of.





286.


2POTISSIMUM-PRJIELATUS.


Potissimiim, adv. (sup. of potiiis,) principally; chiefly;
especially.
Potitus, a, um, part. (potior,)
having obtained.
Potiids, adv. comp. (sup. potissrimim,) rather.
Poto, potare, potavi, potitum
or potum, tr. to drink; to
drink hard; (see bibo.)
Potuisse.  See Possum.
Potus, is, m. (poto,) drink.
Pre, prep. before; for; in comparison of, or with.
Prtaltus, a, um, adj. comp.
(pre & altus,) very high;
very deep, (comparatively.)
Prwbeo, ere, ui, itum, tr. (pre
& habeo,) to offer; to supply; to give; to afford: speciem, to exhibit the appearance of: usum, to serve for.
Praecdens, tis, part. from
Precedo, -cedire, -cessi, -cessum,intr.(prre & cedo,) to
go before; to precede.
Preceptor, 5ris, m. (precipio,) a preceptor, master,
or teacher.
Prreeptum, i, n. (precipio,) a
precept; a doctrine; advice.
Prvecido, -cidJre, -cidi, -cisum,
tr. (pree & credo,) to cut off.
Precipio. -cipbre, -cepi, -ceptum, tr. (pree & capio,) to
seize or take before; hence,
to prescribe; to command.
Praecipito, are, avi, atum, tr.
(prveceps,) to throw down
headlong; to precipitate;
to throw.


Precipue adv. especially; particularly; from
Precipuus, a, um, adj. (preci
pio,) especial; distinguish
ed; the chief; the princi
pal.
Prreclarr, adv. excellently; fa
mously; gloriously; from
Preclarus, a, um, adj. (pra
&  clarus,) very  cleer, or
bright; famous.
Prmetldo,-cludere,-clisi, -chsum, tr. (prue & claudo,) to
close beforehand; to stop; to
shut up.
Preco, onis, m. a herald.
Preda, Ce, f. booty; the prey.
Prredico, are, avi, Atum, tr.
(pre & dico,) to tell openly;
to publish; to declare; to
assert; to afirm; to praise.
Prmdico, cere,.xi, etum, tr.
(prie & dico,) to predict; to
foretell.
Proedictus, a, um, part. foretold.
Proedor,ari, atus sum, tr. dep.
(prueda,) to plunder.
Priefans, tis, part. from
Prwefari, fitus, def.   84, 4,
to tell before, or foretell; to
announce; to predict.
Preefero, -ferre, -tfili, -liturnm,
tr. irr. (proe & fero,) to bear
before; to shew; to prefer.
Prwefinio, Ire, ivi, itum, tr.
(pre  &  finio,) to appoint
beforehand; to determtne.
Prrefinitus, a, um, part.
Prmelatus, a, um, part. (prmefiro,)





PR ELIANS--PRAVITAS


287


Pralians, tis, part. (prelior.)
Praliatus, a, um, part. from
Pralior, ari, atus sum, intr.
dep. to give battle; to engage; tofight.
Prwlium, i, n. a battle.
Prremium, i, n. a reward; a
price; a recompense.
Premitto,-mittire,-misi, -missum, tr. (pra & rlitto,) to
send before.
Proeneste, is, n. a city of Latium.
Pranuntio, are, avi, atum, tr.
(prw & nuntio,) to tell beforehand; to announce; to
signify; to give notice.
Prepairo, are, avi, atum, tr.
(prae & paro,) to get beforehand; to make ready; to
prepare; to make.
Praepono,-ponbre,-posui, -posIturn, tr, (prm & pono,) to
set before; to value more;
to place over; to prefer.
Presens, tis, adj. present; imminent; part. of presum.
Preesepe, is, n. proespes &
preespis, is, f. (preesepio,)
a manger; a crib.
Presidium, i, n. (preesideo,)
a garrison; defence.
Prestans. tis, part. & adj. (ior,
issimus,) (pruesto,) standing before; hence, excellent; distinguished; hence,
Praestantia, te, f. superiority;
an advantage; a preeminence.
Presto, stare, stiti, stitum and
stlitum, intr & tr. (pre &


sto,) to stand before: to excel; to be superior; to surpass; to perform; to pay;
to grant; to give; to render; to execute; to cause: se,
to show or prove one's self:
preastat, imp. it is better.
Preesum, -esse, -fui, -intr. irr.
(pre & sum,) to be over; to
preside over; to have the
charge or command of; to
rule over.
Pretendo, -tendere,     -tendi,
-tensum or turn, tr. (prae &
tendo,) to hold before; to
stretch or extend before; to
be opposite to; to pretend.
Preter, prep. besides; except;
contrary to.
Preterea, adv. (preter & ea,)
besides; moreover.
Prwetereo, ire, ii, itum, tr. irr.
~ 83, 3, (praeter & eo,) to
to pass over or by; to go
beyond; to omit; not to men
tion.
Pretereundus, a, um, part.
(pretereo.)
Preteriens, euntis, part. (pretereo.)
Preeteritus, a, um, part. (proetereo.) past.
Preterquam, adv. except; besides: preterquam    si, except in case.
Pretorius, i, m. (vir.) a man
who has been a prcetor; one
of pretorian dignity.
Pratum, i, n. a meadow; a
pasture.
Pravitas, stis, f. depravity; fs





PRAVUS-PROCURO.


Pravus, a, um, adj. (ior, iss'imus,) depraved; bad.
Precatus, a, um, part. (precor.)
Preci, -em, -e, f. (prex not
used, ~ 18, 12,) a prayer:
pl. preces, (entire.)
Precor, ari, atus sum, tr. dep.
(preci,) to pray; to entreat.
Premo, premere, pressi, pressum, tr. to press; to urge;
to grieve.
Pretibsus, a, um, adj. (ior, issimus,) precious; valuable;
costly;. from
Pretium, i, n. a price; a ransom; a reward: in pretio
esse, to be valued; to be in
estimation: pretium operaT, worth while.
Priaimus, i, m. Priam, the last
king of Troy.
Pridie, adv. (pri for priori and
die,) the day before.
Priene, es, f. a maritime town
of Ionia.
Primo & -um, adv. (sup. of
priuis, ~ 89, III,) first; at
first: quam    primfim, as
soon as possible.
Primr ris, e, adj. (primus,) the
first; the foremost: dentes,
the front teeth.
Primus, a, um, num. adj.
(sup. of prior.) thefirst.
Princeps, ipis, adj. (primus &
capio,) the chief; the first:
principes, the princes; the
chiefs; chief men; hence,
Principatus, hs, m. a government; principality.
Prior, us, adj. (sup. primus,


~ 26, 4,) the former; prior,
first.
Priscus, i, m. a cognimen or
surname of the elder Tarquin.
Priuis, adv. (prior,) before;
first.
Priusquam, adv. (prius and
quam,) sooner than; before
that; before.
Privatus, a, um, adj. (privo,)
private; secret:-subs. a
private man.
Pro, prep. for; instead.
Probabilis, e, adj. comp. (probo,) that may be proved;
probable; commendable
Proboscis, idis, f. proboscis;
the trunk of an elephant.
Procas, m, m.    See Silvius.
Procedens, tis, part. from
Procedo, -cedere, -cessi, -cessum, intr. (pro & cedo,) to
go forth; to proceed; to go
forward; to advance; to go
out.
Proceritas, dtis, f. stature;
height; tallness; length:
from
Procerus, a, um,adj.(comp.)
tall; long.
Proclamo, are, avi, atum, tr.
(pro & clamo,) to cry out;
to proclaim.
Proconsul, filis, m. (pro & consul,) a proconsul.
Procreo, are, avi, atum, tr.
(pro & creo,) to beget.
Procul, adv. far.
Procfiro, are, avi, atum, tr.
(pro & curo,) to take care





PROCTIRRO-PROPAGO.


289


of, to manage; (viz. for
another.
Procurro, currere, curri & cucurri, cursum, intr. (pro &
curn o,) to run forward; to
extend.
Prodigium, i, n. (prodico,) a
prodigy.
Proditor, bris, m. (prodo,) a
traitor.
Proditus, a, um, part. from
Prodo, -dire, -didi, ditum, tr.
(pro & do,) to give outj to
betray; to relate; to discover; to disclose; to manifest.
ProIlior.  See Prelior,
Proeliurnm, i, n. See Prelium.
Profectus, a, um, part. also,
Proficiscens, tis, part. from
Proficiscor, icisci, ectus sum,
intr. dep. (pro & faciscor,
from facio.) to go forward;
to march; to travel; to de.
part; to go.
Profiteor, -fiteri, -f ssus sum,
tr. dep. (pro & fateor,) to
declare; to avow  publicly;
to profess; sapientiam, to
profesv wisdom; to profess
to be a philosopher.
Profugin, -fugere, -fugi, -fugfturn, intr. (pro & fugio,) to
flee (scil. before or from.);
to escape; hence,
Proffigus, a, um, adj.fleeing;
escaping:-subs. a fugitive; an exile.
PAgredior, -gredi, -gressius
stum, intr. dep. (pro & gradior,) to go forward; to
proceed; to advance.


Progressus, a, um, part. having advanced.
Prohibeo, ore, ui, Itum, tr.
(pro & habeo,) to keep of.
or away; to prohibit; to
hinder; toforbid; hence,
ProhibItus, a, um, part.
Projicio,-jicere, -jeci, -jectum,
tr. (pro & jacio,) to throwo
away; to throw down; to
throw.
Prolabor, -lbi, -lapsus sum,
intr. dep. (pro & labor,) to
fall down; tofallforward,
hence,
Prolapsus, a, urm, part. having
fallen.
Prolato, ire, Rvi, atum, tr.
(profero,) to carry forward,
to enlarge; to extend; to amplify.
Proles, is, f. a race; offsprmig.
Prometheus, i. m. the son of
lapltus and Clymlne.
Promittens, tis, part. from
Prommitto, -mittere, -misi,
missurnm, tr. (pro & mitto,)
to let go, or send forward;
to promise; to offer.
Promontorium, i. n. (pro &
mons,) a promnontory; a
headland; a cape.
Promoveo, -movere, -movi,
motum, intr. & tr. (pro &
moveo,) to move forward;
to enlarge.
Pronus, a, urn, adj. inclined;
bending' forward.
PropAgo, are, avi, atum, tr.
(pro & pago,) to propagate;
to prolong; to continue.


25





290


PROPE-PRO VENIO.


Prope, adv. & prep. (propiuis,
proximO,) near; near to;
nigh.
Propero, are, avi, atum, intr.
(properus,) to hasten.
Propinquus, a, um, adj.comp.
(prope,) near; related: propinqui,   subs.   relations;
kinsmen.
Propior, us, adj. comp. ~ 26, 4
(sup. proximus,) nearer.
Propiis, adv. nearer; comp.
of prope.
Propono, -ponere, posui, -positum, tr. (pro & pono,) to set
before; to propose; to offer.
Proponor, -poni, -positus sum,
pass. to be set before: propositum est mihi, It is proposed by me; i. e, I intend
or purpose.
Propontis, idis, f. the sea of
Marmora.
Propositus, a, urn, part. proposed; put.
Proprie. adv. particularly;
properly; strictly; from
Proprius, a, um, adj. peculiar;
proper; one's own; special.
Propter,prep.for;on account of.
Propulso, are, avi, atum, tr.
freq. (propello,) to drive away; to ward off; to repel.
Propylaeum, i, n, the porch of
a temple; an entrance; the
rows of   columns leading
to the Acropo6is at Athens.
Prora, ae, f, the prow of a ship.
Proscribo, -scribire, scripsi,
-scriptum, tr. (pro &scribo,)
to publish by writing; to


proscribe; to   outlaw; tM
doom to death and confiscation of goods.
Prosecitus, a, um, part. having accompanied.
Prosequor, -siqui, -secitus
sum, tr. dep. (pro & sequor,) to follow after; to
accompany; to attend; to
follow; to celebrate; honoribus, to heap or load with
honors; to honor.
Proserpina, e, f. the daughter
of Ceres and Jupiter, and
wife of Pluto.
Prospectus, us, m. (prospicio,)
a prospect; a distant view.
Prospere, adv. (prosper,) prosperously; successfully.
Prosterno, -sternire, -stravi,
stratum, tr. (pro & sterno,)
to prostrate; to throw down.
Prostratus, a, um, part. (prosterno.)
Prosum, prodesse, profui, intr.
irr. (pro & sum, ~ 83, 1,)
to do good; to profit.
Protagoras, Ce, m. a Greek
philosopher.
Protenus, adv. (pro & tenus,)
immediately; directly.
ProtEro, -terere, -trivi, -tritum,
tr. (pro & tero,) to trample
upon; to tread down; to
crush.
Protractus, a, um, part. from
Protraho,-trahere,-traxi, -tractum, tr. (pro & traho,) to
protract; to prolong
Proveniens, tis, part. from
Provenio, -venire, -veni, -ven




PROVINCIA-PUNIO.


291


turn, itr. (pro & venlo,) to
come forth.
Provincia, a, f. (pro & vinco,)
a province.
Provocatio, onis, f. a calling
forth; a challenge; a provocation; from
Provoco, are, avi, Atum, tr.
(pro & voco,) to call forth;
to call out; to defy or challenge; to appeal.
Proxime, adv. (sup. of prope,)
nearest; very near; next to.
Proximnus, a, um, adj. (sup. of
propior,) nearest; next.
Prudens, tis, adj. (ior, issimus,) (providens, fr. provideo,) foreseeing; prudent;
zise; expert; hence,
Prudentia, M, f. prudence;
knowledge.
Pseudophilippus, i, m. a false
or pretended Philip, a name
given to Andriscus.
Psittacus, i, m. a parrot.
Psophidius, a, um, adj. of or
belonging to Psophis; Psophidian.
Psophis, idis, f. a city of Arcadia.
Ptolemmeus, i, m. Ptolemy;
the name of several Egyptian kings.
Public&, adv. (publicus,) publicly; at the public expense;
by public authority.
'ublicola, Ce, m. (popUlus &
colo,) a surname given to
P. Valerius, on account of
his love of popularity.
Publicus, a, um, adj. (popui

lus,) public: in publicum
procedens, going abroad or
appearing in public: subs.
publicum, the public treasury.
Publius, i, m. the proenimen
of several Romans.
Pudibundus, a, um, adj. (pudeo,) ashamed; bashful;
modest.
Puer, dri, m. a boy; a servant.
Puerilis, e, adj. (puer,) puerile; childish:  etas, boyhood; childhood.
Pueritia, m, f. (id.) boyhood;
childhood.
Pugna, m, f. (pugnus, thefist;)
a battle with fists; a close
fight; a battle.
Pugnans, tis, part. (pugno.)
Pugnatus, a, um, part. from
Pugno, are, avi, atum, intr.
(pugna,) to fight: pugnatur, pass. imp. a battle is
fought; they fight.
Pulcher, ra, rum, adj. (chrior,
cherrimus,) fair, beautiful; glorious; hence,
Pulchritfido, inis, f. fairness:
beauty.
Pullus, i, m. the young of any
animal.
Pulsus, a, um, part. (pello.)
Pulyillus, i, m. (Horatius,) a
Roman consul in the first
year of the republic.
Punicus, a, um, adj. Punic,
belonging   to Carthage;
Carthaginian.
Punio, ire, ivi, itum, tr. (poena,) to punish.





298


PUNITUS-QUiESTOR.


Punitus, a, um, part. (punio.)
Puipillus, i, in. (dim. fir. pupii-!us and that fr. pupus,) a
young boy; a pupil; a
Ioard; an orphan.
Puppis, is, f. the stern of a
ship.
Purgo, are, avi, atum, tr. to
purge; to purify; to clear;
to clean; to excuse.
Purpiira, W, f. the purple
muscle; purple; hence,
Purpuratus, a, um, adj. clad
in purple: purpurati, pl.
courtiers; nobles.
Purpureus, a, unm, adj. (id.)
purple.
Purus, a, um, adj. (ior, issimus,) pure; clear.
Pusillus, a, um, adj. (dim. fr.
pusus,) small; weak; little;
very small.
Puteus,.i, m. a well; a pit.
Puto, are, avi, Atum, tr. to
think.
Putresco, putrescere, putrui,
intr. inc. (putreo,) to rot; to
decay.
Pydna, -e, f. a town ofMacedon.
Pygmai, orum, m. the Pygmies, a race of dwarfs inhabiting a remote part of
India or Ethiopia.
Pyra, m, f. a funeral pile.
Pyraimis, idis, f. a pyramid.
Pyrenmus, i, m., & Pyrenvi,
6rum, m. pl. Pyrenees,
mountains dividzng France
and Spain.
Pyrrhus, i, m. a king of EpiTus.


Pythagoras, T, m. a Grecianit
philosopher, born at Samos.
Pythagoreus, i, m. a Pythagorean; afollower or disciple of Pythagoras.
Pythia, ze, f. the priestess of
Apollo at Delphi.
Pythias, ae, m. a soldier of
Philip, king of Macedon.
Q.
Q., or Qu., an abbreviation of
Quintus.
Quadragesimus, a, um, num.
adj. ord. the fortieth; from
Quadraginta, num. adj. pl.
ind. forty.
Quadriennium, i, n. (quatuor
& annus,) the space offour
years.
Quadriga, ae, & pl. ae, arum,
f. (quadrijiigm, quatuor &
jugum,) a four horse chariot; a team offour horses.
Quadringentesimus, a, um,
num. adj. pl. the four hundreth.
Quadringenti, oe, a, num. adj.
pl. four hundred.
Quadriipes, pedis, adj. (quatuor & pes,) having four
feet; four-footed.
Querens, tis, part. from
Quaero, quaerere,   quesivi,
quositum, tr. to ask; to seek
for; to inquire; to search;
queritur, it is asked; the
inquiry is made; hence
Questio, onis, f. a question.
Queestor, oris, m. (quaesitor





QURESTUS-QUINGENTESIMUS.


)93


id.) a quastor; a treasurer;
an infe-ior military officer
who attended the consuls.
Questus, Iis, rn. (id.) gain; a
trade.
Qualis, e, adj. of what kind;
as; such as; what.
QuAm, conj. & adv, as; how;
after comparatives, than.
Quamdiu, or Quandiu, adv.
(quam & diu,) as long as.
Quamquam, or Quanquam,
conj. though; although.
Quamvis, conj. (quam & vis,
fr. volo,) although.
Quando, adv. when; since.
Quant6, adv. by how minuch; as.
Quantopere, adv. (quanto &
opire,) how greatly; how
much.
Quantiim, adv. how much; as
much as.
Quantus, a, um, adj. how
great; as great; how admirable; how striking.
Quantuslibet,  quantalibet,
quantumlibet, adj. (quantus & libet,) how great soever; ever so great.
Quapropter, adv. (qua and
pzopter,) wherefore; why.
Quare, adv. (quA & re,) wherefore; for which reason;
whence; therefore.
Quartus, a, um, num. adj. ord.
the fourth.
Quasi, adv. (for quamsi,) as
if; as.
Quatriduum, i, n. (quatuor &
dies,) a space of four days.
Q uatuor, num. adj.pl.ind.four


Quatuordicim, num. adj. pl.
ind. (quatuor and decemn,)
fourteen.
Que, enclitic conj. (always
joined to another word and
draws the accent to the
syllable preceding it,)and;
also;
Queo, ire, ivi, itum, intr. irr.
S 83, 3; to be able; I can.
Quercus, us, f. an oak.
Queror, queri, questus sum,
tr. dep. to complain.
Questus, a, um, part. complazning; having complained.
Qui, que, quod, rel. pro. ~ 33;
ioho; which; what; used interrogatively, who? which?
what?
Qui, adv. how; in what manner.
Quia. conj. because.
Quicunque, quwcunque, quodcunque, rel. pro. ~ 37. 1.
whosoever; whatsoever; every
one.
Quidam, quaidam, quoddam
and quiddain, pro. ~ 37, 1,
a certain one; a certain person or thing: quidam homines, certain mqen.
Quidem, adv. indeed; truly;
at least.
Quin, conj. but; but that.
Quinctius, i, m. (Titus,) a Roman general.
Quindecim, num. adj. pl. ind,
(quinque & decem)fifteen.
Quingentesimus, a, um, num.
adj. ord. thefive hundredth,
from.





204


QUINGENTI--RAPTOR.


Quingenti, ae, a, num. adj. pl.
(quinque and centum,)five
hundred.
QuinquagTni, oe, a, num. adj.
pl. dist. (quinquaginta,) evcry fifty; fifty.
Quinquagesimus, a,uum, num.
adj. (id.) fiftieth.
Quinquaginta, num, adj. pl.
ind. fifty.
Quinque, num. adj.pl. ind.five.
Quinquies, num. adv. five
times.
Quint?, adv. the fifth time.
Quintus, a, um, ord. num, adj.
the fifth.
Quintus, or Quinctius, i, m. a
Roman surname.
Quippe, conj.for; since.
Quis, quwe, quod,or quid, interrog. pro. who? what?
quid? why?
Quisnam, or Quinam, quwnam, quodnam, or cluidnam
pro. ~ 37, 2, who; what.
Quisquam, qumquam, quodquam, or quidquam,or quicquam, pro. any one; any
thing: nee quisquam, and
no one.
Quisque, qumque, quodque,or
quidque, pro. each; every;
whosoever; whatsoever.
Quisquis, quidquid, or quicquid, rel. pro. ~ 37, Obs. 1,
whoever; whatever.
Quivis, qumvis, quodvis, or
quidvis, pro. (qui and vis)
whosoever; whatsoever; any
one.
Quo, adv. that, to the end that;


whither: qub- eo, fo2
quanto-tanto, by    how
much; by so much; or the
more- the more.
Qubd, conj. that; because.
Quominiis, adv. (qub and minis,) that-not.
Quomrndo, adv. (quo and modo.) how; by what means.
Quondam, adv.formerly; once.
Quoniam, conj. (quum and
jam,) since; because.
Quoque, conj. also.
Quot, adj. ind. pl. how many.
Quotannis, adv. (quot & annus,) annually; yearly.
Quotidie, adv. (quot & dies,)
every day; daily.
Quoties, adv. as often as; how
often.
Quum, or Cim, adv. when
quum jam, as soon as:
conj. since; although.
R.
Radius, i, m. a staf; a ray;
a rod.
Radix, icis, f. a root; the foot
or base of a mountain.
Ramus, i, m. a branch; a
bough.
Rana, Ee, f. a frog.
Rapina, ae, f. rapine; plun.
der; from
Rapio, rapere, rapui, raptum,
tr. to hurry away by force;
to rob; to seize; to plunder.
Raptor, bris, m. (rapio,) one
who seizes or takes away
by violence; a robber.





RAPTYRTtUS-REDIMIENDUS.


2()


Rapftirus, a, um, part. (rapio.)
R;Iptus, a, um, part. (rapio,)
seized; robbed; carried off.
Raritas, Atis, f. (rarus,) rarity.
Rarm, adv. rarely; seldom; fr.
Rarus, a, umn, adj. rare; few.
Ratio, onis, f. (reor,) a reason.
Ratis, is, f. a raft; a ship; a
boat.
Ratus, a, um, part. (reor,)
thinking; having thought.
Rebello, are, avi, Atum, intr.
(re &   bello,) to renew a
war; to rebel; to revolt.
Recedo, -cedere, -cessi, -cessum, intr. (re & cedo,) to
recede; to yield; to retire;
to withdraw.
Recens, tis, adj. comp. new;
recent; fresh:-adv. recently; lately; newly: recens nati, new-born children.
Receptus, a, um, part. (recipio.)
Receptfirus, a, um, part. (recipio.)
Recessus, fis, mn. (recedo,) a
recess; a corner.
Recipio,-cipire,-cpi,-ceptum,
tr. (re &  capio,) to take
back; to receive; to take;
to  recover:  animam, to
come to one's self again; to
recover one's senses: se, to
return.
Recognosco, -noscere, -n5vi,
-nitum, tr. (re & cognosco,) to recognize; to know
again; to betake one's self.
Recolligo, -lig re, -l8gi, -lec

tum, tr. (re, con, & lego,)
to gather up again; to re
collect; to recover.
Reconditus, a, uMn, part. from
Recondo, d re, didi, diturn, tr.
(re & condo,) to put together again; to lay up; to
hide; to conceal.
Recordor, ari, tus. tr. dep.
(re & cor,) to call back to
mind; to recollect; to remember.
Recreo, are avi, atumn, tr.
(re & creo,) to bring to life
again; to restore; to refresh.
Rect6,  adv.)   ihis,  issimb,)
righi; rightly; from
Rectus, a, um, adj. (ior, issiinus,) (rego,) straight; upright; right; direct.
Recupiro, are, avi, Atum, tr.
(recipio,) to recover; to regain.
Redditus, a, um, part. from
Reddo,-dere, -didi, -ditum, tr.
(re & do,) to give back; to
return; to give; to make,
to render; to restore; to
cause: verba, to repeat:
animam, to die: voces, to
imitate,
Redeo,-ire,-ii,-itum, intr. irr.
(re & co,) to go back; to
return.
Rediens, euntis, part. returnng.
Redigo,-igbre,-egi,-actum, tr,
(re & ago,) to bring back;
to reduce: in potestitem,
to bring into one's power.
Redimendus, a, um, part. from





296


REDIM10--REMITTO.


Reduioo, -imere, -emi, -empturn, tr. (re & emo,) to take
back; to buy back; to redeem; to ransom.
Reduccndus, a, um, part. from
Redfico, -ducere, -duxi, -duetum, tr. (re & duco,) to
leadi or bring back: in gratiamn, to reconcile.
Ref erens, tis, part. requiting;
returning; referring; from
Refiro,-ferre, -tfili. -latum, tr.
irr. (re & fero,) to bring
back; gratiamn, or gratias,
to requite a favor; to show
gratitude: beneficium, to
requite a benefit: victoriam, to bring back victory,
i. e. to return victorious:
imaginem, to reflect the
image; to resemble.
Refluens, tis, part. from
Refluo, -fluere, -fluxi, -fluxum,
intr. (re & fluo,) to flow
back.
Refugio, -fugere, -flgi, -fugitumrn, intr. (re & fugio,) to
fy back; to flee; to retreat.
Regia, ae, f. (sc. domus, from
regius,) a palace.
Regina, ce, f. (rex.) a queen.
Regio, onis, f. (rego,) a region;
a district; a country.
Regius, a, um, adj. (rex,) royal; regal; the king's.
Regnatirus, a, um, part. from
Regno, are, avi, atum, intr.
regnum,) to rule; to govern.
Regnatur, pass. imp. it is ruled
by kings.
Regnum, i, n. (rex,) a king

dom; empire; dominion,
reign; government; rule.
Rego, regire, rexi, rectum, tr.
to direct or lead in a
straight course; to rule.
Regredior, -gredi,   -gressus
sum, intr. dep. (re & grladior,) to turn back; to 7cturn.
Regressus, a, um, part. having returned,
Regilus, i, m. a distinguished
Roman general in the first
Punic war.
Relatus, a, um, part. (refero.)
Relictiirus, a, um, part. (relinquo.)
Relictus, a, um, part. (id.)
Religio, onis, f. (religo,) what
is binding or obligatory;
religious scruple or hindrance; hence, religion;
sacredness; sanctity; reverence; religious rites.
Relinquo,-linquEr e,-Ilqui, -lictum, tr. (re & linquo,) to
leave behind; to desert; to
quit; to abandon.
Reliquin, -rum, f. pl. the relics; the remains; from
Reliquus,a, um,adj.(relinquo,)
the rest; the remainder; the
other.
Remaneo, -mrnanere, -mrnansi,
-mansumrn, intr. (re & maneo,) to remain behind.
Remedium, i, n. (re & medeor,) a remedy.
Remitto, -mittire, -misi, -missum, tr. (re & imitto,) to
send back; to remit.





REMOVEO-RESPONDEO.


297


Rurmoveo,-movere,-m   vi,-mrtunm, tr. (re & moveo,) to
move back, or away; to remove.
Remus, i, m. an oar.
Remus, i, m. the twin brother
of Romgilus.
Renovatus, a, um, part. from
Ren6vo, are, avi, Atum, tr. (re
and novo,) to make anew;
to renew.
Renuntio, are, avi, atum, tr.
(re & nuntio,) to bring back
word; to inform; to report;
to declare; to announce.
Reor, reri, ratus sum, intr.
dep. to think, to suppose;
to believe.
Reparo, are, avi, atum, tr. (re
& paro,) to get or procure
again; to renew; to repair.
Repent, adv. (repens fr. repo)
suddenly.
Reperio, -perire, -piri, -pertumrn, tr. (re & pario,) to find;
to discover; to invent.
Repeto, -pet-re, -petivi, -petitum, tr. (re & peto,) to demand back.
Repleo, ere, evi, ýtum, tr. (re
& pleo,) to fill again; tofill
up; to replenish.
Repono, -ponere, -posui, -positurnm, tr. (re & pono,) to
place back or again; to restore; to replace.
Reporto, are, avi, atum, tr. (re
& porto,) to bring back; to
gain or obtain.
1Represento, are, avi, atum, tr.
(re & presento,) to make


present again; to represent
to paint; to depict.
Repudio, are, avi, atum, tr.
(repudiurm) to repudiate; to
reject; to slight; to dzsregard: uxorem, to      di.
vorce.
Requiro, -quirere, -quisivi,
-quisitumn, tr. (re & quvro,)
to seek again; to demand;
to require; to need.
Res, rei, f. a thing; an afair;
a way; a kingdom; a government; a subject: res
gesta, actions;   exploits:
res familiaris or domestica, domestic affairs; property.
Reservo, are, avi, atumrn, tr. (re
& servo,) to keep back; to
reserve; to keep for afuture
time.
Resideo, -sidere, -sedi, intr.
(re & sedeo,) to sit; to sit
down; to remain,.
Resimus, a, um, adj. (re & simus,) bent back; crooked.
Resisto, -sistire, -stiti, -stItum,
intr. (re & sisto,) to hold or
keep back; to resist; to
withstand.
Resolvo, -solvere, -solvi, -solittumrn, tr. (re & solvo,) to
untie again; to loosen; to
unbind; to unloose; to dissolve.
Respondeo, -spondire, -spondi, -sponsum, tr. (re & spondeo,) to answer again; to
answer; to reply; to correspond: respondetur, pass.





29.q


RESPONSUM-RIG EO.


imp. zt is answered, or the Rex, regis, m. (rego,) a king.
r-ply is made.             Rhadamanthus, i, m. a lawResponsum, i, n. (respondeo,)     giver, of Crete, and subsean answer; a reply.            quently one of the three
Respublica,   reipublice,   f,   judges of the infernal re18, 9, (res publica,) the   gions.
state; the government; the Rhaeti, 6rum, m. pl. the in.
commonwealth.                  habitants of Rhcetia, now
Respuo, -spuere, -spui, tr. (re   the Grisons.
& spuo,)to spit out; to reject. Rhea, I, f. (Silvia,) themother
Restituo, -stituere, -stitui, -sti-  of Romulus and Remus.
tutum, tr. (re & statuo,) to Rhenus, i. m. the river Rhine.
put or set up again; to re- Rhinoceros, otis, m. a Rhinostore; to replace; to re-     ceros.
build: aciem, to cause the Rhipaeus, a, um, adj. Rhipcearmy to rally,                an or Riphcean: montes,
Retineo, -tinere, -tinui, -ten-  mountains, which, accordtum, tr. (re & teneo,) to hold  ing  to the ancients, were
back; to retain; to detain;   found in the north of Scyto hinder.                    thia.
Revera, adv. (res & verus,) Rhodanus, i, m. the river
truly; in very deed; in re-   Rhone.
ality; in good earnest.    Rhodius, i, m. an inhabitant
Reverentia, m, f. (revereor,)     of Rhodes; a Rhodian.
reverence.                 Rhodope, es, f. a high mounReversus, a, um, part, having     tain in the western part of
returned: from                 Thrace.
Reverto, -vertire, -verti, -ver- Rhodus, i, f. Rhodes; a celesum, intr. (re & verto,) to   brated town, and island in
turn back; to return.         the Mediterranean sea.
Revertor, -verti, -versus sum, Rhoeteum, i, n. a city and
intr. dep. to return,         promontory of Troas.
Reviresco, -virescere, virui, Rhyndacus, i, m. a river of
intr. inc. (revireo,) to grow  Mysia.
green again.               Ridens, tis, part, smiling;
Revoco, are, avi, atum, tr. (re  laughing at; from
& voco,) to call back; to re- Rideo, dere, si, sum, intr. &
call.                         tr. to laugh; to laugh at;
Revolo, are, avi, atum, intr.     to mock; to deride.
(re & volo,) tofly back; to Rigeo, ere, ui, intr. to be
fly off again,                 cold.





RIGLI)US-S&CRA.


20I9


R1gIdus, a, um, adj.(comp.)
(rigeo,) stiff with cold* rigid; severe.
Rigo, are, avi, atum, tr. to water; to irrigate; to bedew;
to wet.
Ripa, e, f, a bank, (of a river.)
Risi.  See Rideo.
Risus, is, m. (rideo,)laughing;
laughter.
Rixor, ari, Atus sum, intr. dep.
(rixa,) to quar7el.
Robur, oris, n. oakof the hardest kind, hence, strength:
robur militum, the flower
of the soldiers.
Rogatus, a, um, part. being
asked; from
Rogo, are, avi, atum, tr. to
ask; to request; to beg; to
entreat.
Rogus, i, m. a fiuneral pile.
Roma, Ie, f. Romne, the chief
city of Italy, situated upon the Tiber; hence,
Romanus, a, um, adj. Roman.
Romanus, i, m. a Roman.
Romalus, i, m. the founder
and first king of Romnze:
Romnilus Silvius, a king
of Alba.
Rostrum, i, n. (rodo,) a beak;
a bill; a snout; also, the
beak of a ship; a stage, or
pulpit.
Rota, m, f. a wheel.
Rotundus, a, um, adj. (rota,)
round.
Ruber, rubra, rubrum, adj.
(rior, errimus,) red.
Rudis, e, adi. (ior, issimus,)


rude; unwrought; unculti.
vated; new; uncivilized.
Ruina, ce, f. (ruo,) a ruin; a
downfall; a fall.
Rullianus, i, m. a Roman general, who commanded the
cavalry in a war with the
Samnites.
Rumrpo, rumpere, rupi, ruptum, tr. to break or burst
asunder; to break off; to
break down; to violate.
Ruo, uere, ui, utum, intr. &
tr. to run headlong; tofall;
to be ruined; to hasten
down; to rush; to throw
down; to tear up.
Rupes, is, f. a rock; a clif.
Ruptus, a, urn, part. (rumpo,)
broken; violated.
Rursus, adv. again.
Rus, ruris, n. the country; a
farm; hence,
Rusticus, a, um, adj. rustic,
belonging to the country.
Rusticus, i, m. a countryman.
Rutilius, i, m. a Roman consul.
S.
Sabini, drum, m. the Sabines,
a people of Italy.
Sacer, sacra, sacrum, ndj.
(sup. errimus, ~ 26, 5,)
sacred; holy; divine; conse.
crated.
Sacerdos, btis, c. (sacer,) a
priest; a priestess.
Sacra, orum, n. pl. (id.) relig ious service; sacrifice; sa




SAORIFICANS-SATIS.


cred  rites; religious  observances.
Sacrificans, tis, part. (sacrifico,) sacrificing; offering sacrifices.
Sacrificium, i, n. a sacrifice;
from
Sacrifico, are, avi, atum, tr.
(sacer & facio,) to sacrifice.
S.pe, adv. (iils issime,) often; frequently.
Smvio, ire, ii, itum, intr. (smvus,) to rage; to be cruel.
Sevitas, atis, f. cruelty; severity; savageness;barbarity;
from
Sevus, a, um, adj. (ior, issimus,) cruel; severe; fierce;
inhuman; violent.
Sainitus, a, um, part. from
Sagino, are, avi, atum, tr. to
fatten.
Sagitta, ve, f. an arrow.
Saguntini, orum, m. pl. the
Saguntines; the inhabitants of Saguntum.
Saguntum, i, n. a town of
Spain.
Salio, salire, salui & salii,
intr. to spring; to leap.
Salsus, a. um, adj. (sallo, to
salt; Obsol. from sal,) salt;
sharp.
Salto, are, avi, Atum, intr.
freq. (salio,) to dance.
Salttber,-bris,-bre, adj. (brior,
berrimnus,) (salus,) wholesome; salubrious; healthy;
hence,
Salubritas, atis, F. salubrity;
healthfjlness.


Salum, i, n. properly, the agitated motion of the sea:
hence, the sea.
Salus, iatis, f. safety; salvation; health; hence,
Salato, are, avi, atum, tr. to
wish health to; hence, to
salute; to call.
Salvus, a, um, adj. (salus,)
safe; preserved;unpunished.
Samnites, ium, m. pl. the Samnites, a people of Italy.
Sanctus, a, um, adj. comp.
(sancio,) holy; blameless.
Sanguis, inis, m. blood.
Sapiens, tis, (part. sapio, properly, tasting; knowing by
the taste; hence,) adj. (ior,
issimus,) wise:-subs. a
sage; a wise man; hence,
Sapientia, ve, f. wisdom, philosophy.
Sapio, ere, n i, intr. (to taste; to
discern; hence,) to be wise.
Sarcina, aT, f. (sarcio,) a pack;
a bundle.
Sardinia, te, f. a large isla.d
in the Mediterranean sea,
west of Italy.
Sarmate, arum, m. the Sarmatians, a people inhabiting the north of Europe
and Asia,
Sarpedon, 6nis, m. a son of
Jupiter and Europa.
Satelles, itis, m. a satellite; a
guard; a body-guard.
Satiatus, a, um, part. from
Satio, are, avi, atum, tr. t
satiate; to satisfy; frorr
Satis, adj. & adv. (comp. sa





SATUB-SECTOR.


le01


tius, better;) enough; sufficient; sufficiently; very;
quite.
Satur, iUra,iirum, adj. (ior, issimuns,) (satio,)satiated; full.
Saturnia, T, f. a namnze given
to Italy; also, a citadel and
tozwn near Janiculunm.
Saturnus, i, min. the father of
Jupiter.
Saucio, are, avi, Atum, tr.
(saucius,) to wound.
Saxtum, i, n. a rock; a stone.
Sev6la, ve, m. (Mucius,) a
brave Roman soldier.
Scateo, ere intr. togushforth
like water from  a spring;
hence, to be full; to abound.
Scamander, dri, m. a river of
Troas, which flows from
Mount Ida into the Hellespont.
Scaurus, i, m. the surname of
several Romans.
Scelestus, a, um, adj. (ior, issimus,) wicked; from
Scelus, 7ris, n. an impious action; a crime; zoickedness:
by metonyrny, a wicked
person.  See facinus.
Scena, v, f. a scene; a stage.
Schaneus, i, m. a king of
Arcadia, or Scyros, and
father of Atalanta.
Scheria, B, f. an ancient nanzme
of the island Corcyra, or
Corfu.
Scientia, m, f. knowledge; from
Scio, ire, ivi, itum, tr. to
know; to understand.
Scipio, rniis, m. a distinguish

ed Roman family: Scipirnes, the Scipios.
Scoptilus, i, m. a high rock; a
cliff.
Scorpio, 6nis, m. a scorpion.
Scotia, CT, f. Scotland.
Scriba, iv, m. a writer; a secretary; a scribe; from
Scribo, scribere, scripsi, scriptum, tr. to write: scribeire
leges, to p? epare laws.
Scriptor, oris. m. a writer; an
author.
Scriptilrus, a,um, part.(scribo.)
Scriptus, a, um, part, (scribo.)
Scrator, ari, atus sum, tr. dep.
(scruta,) to search into; to
trace out.
Scutum, i, n. a shield.
Scylla, ae, f. the daughter of
Nisus.
Scyros, i, f. an island in the
zEgean sea.
Scythes, w, m. an inhabitant
of Scythia; a Scythian.
Scythia, iv, f. a vast country
in the north of Europe and
Asia.
Scythicus,a, um,adj. Scythian.
Seco, secAtre, secui, sectum, tr.
to cut.
Seceido, -ced re, -cessi, -cessum, intr. (se & cedo,) to go
aside;to secede;to wit idraw.
Sectatus, a, unm, part. havi:ng
followed or attended; from
Sector, airi, Atuils sum, tr. dep.
freq. (sequor, ~ 88, Obs. 1.)
to follow; to pursue; to accompany;    to  attend; to
strive after.


26





302


SECULUM-SEPES.


Secuilum and Swecilum, i, n.
an age; a period of time.
Secum, (se & cum, ~ 90, 2,)
with himself; with herself;
withitself; with themselves.
Secundus, a, um, adj. comp.
(sequor,) the second; prosperous: res secundum, prosperity.
Secfiris, is, f. (seco,) an axe.
Secutus. a um, part. (sequor.)
Sed, conj. but.
Sedicim, num. adj. ind. pl.
(sex & decem,) sixteen.
Sedeo, sedere, sedi, sessum,
intr. to sit; to light upon.
Sedes, is, f. (sedes) a seat; a
residence; a settlement; regni, the seat of government.
Seditio, anis, f. (se aside, and
eo,) sedition; a rebellion;
an insurrection.
Sediilus, a, um, adj. (sedeo)
diligent.
Seges, etis, f. a crop; a harvest.
Segnis, e, adj. (ior, issimus.)
dull; slow; slothful; sluggish.
Sejungo,    -jungere, -junxi,
-junctum, tr. (se & jungo,)
to divide; to separate.
Seleucia, ae, f. a town of Syria, near the Orontes.
Semel, adv. once: plis semel,
more than once.
Semele, es, f. a daughter of
Cadmus and Hermione, and
mother of Bacchus.
Semen, inis, n. seed.
Semiramis, idis, f. a queen of
Assyria, and wife of Ninus.


Semper, adv. always; hence
Sempiternus, a, um, adj. everlasting.
Sempronius, i, m, the name of
a Roman gens or      clan;
Sempronius Gracchus, a
Roman general.
Sena, e, f. a town of Picenum.
Senator, Bris, m. (senex,) a
Senator.
Senatus, uis, & i, m. (senex,)
a senate.
Senecta, m, or Senectus, fitis,
f. (senex,) old age.
Senescens, tis, part. from
Senesco,   senesc6re, senui,
intr. inc. to grow old; to
wane; from    seneo, and
that from
Senex, is, c. an old man or
woman:-adj. old: (comp.
senior, sometimes major
natu,) ~ 26, 6.
Senones, um, m. pl. a people
of Gaul.
Sensi. See Sentio.
Sensus, us, m. (sentio.) sense;
feeling.
Sententia, m, f. an opinion; a
proposition; a sentiment;
from
Sentio, sentire, sensi, sensum,
tr. to feel; to, perceive; to
be sensible of; to observe;
to suppose.
Separo, are, avi, atum, tr. (se
& paro) to separate; to divide.
Sepelio, sepelire, sepelivi, se
pultum, tr. to bury; to inter
Sepes, is, f. a hedge; a fence





SEPTEM--SEXAGESIMUS.


Septem, num. adj. ind. pl.
seven.
Septentrio,boms, m. the Northern Bear; the north.
Septies, num. adv. seven times.
Septimus, a, um, num. adj.
ord. (septem,) the seventh.
Septingentesimus,a, um, num.
adj. the seven hundredth.
Septuagesimus, a, um, num.
adj. the seventieth; from
Septuaginta, num. adj. ind.
pl. seventy.
Sepulcrum, i, n. (sepelio,) a
sepulchre; a tomb.
Sepultira, e, f. (id.) burial;
interment.
Sepultus, a, um, part.(sepelio,)
buried.
Sequina, m, m. the Seine, a
river in France.
Sequens, tis, part. from
Sequor, sequi, secfitus sum, tr.
dep. to follow; to pursue.
Secutus, a, um, part, (sequor.)
Serenus, a, um, adj. (comp.)
serene;  tranquil;   clear;
fair; bright.
Sergius, i, m. the name of several Romans.
Sermo, onis, m. (sero,) speech;
a discourse; conversation.
Serb,(seriis,)adv.late; too late.
Sero, serere, sevi, satum, tr.
to sow; to plant.
Serpens, tis, c. (serpo, to
creep,) a serpent; a snake.
Sertorius, i, m. a Roman general.
Serus, a, um, adj. (comp.)
late.


Servilius, i, m. the name of a
Roman family: Scrvilius
Casca, one of the murderers of Ccesar.
Servio, ire, ivi, itum, intr.
(servus,) to be a slave; to
serve, (as a slave.)
Servitium, i, n. or Servitus,
itis, f. (id.) slavery; bondage.
Servius, i, m. (Tullius,) the
sixth king of Rome.
Servo, are, avi, atum, tr. to
preserve;   to  guard;     to
watch; to keep; hence,
Servus, i, m. a slave; a servant.
Sese, pro. ace. & abl. ~ 28,
Obs. 4; himself; herself,
themselves.
Sestertium, i, n. a sestertium,
or  a   thousand   serterces.
App. VI.
Sestertius, i, m. a sesterce, or
two and a half asses. App.
VI.
Sestos, i, or -us, i, f. a town
of Thrace, on the shores of
the Hellespont, opposite to
Abydos.
Seta, ma, f. a bristle.
Setinus, a, um, adj. Setine;
belonging to Setia, a city
of   Campania, near      the
Pontine Marshes, famous
for its wine.
Setbsus, a, um, adj. (seta,)
full of bristles; bristly.
Sex, num. adj. ind. pl. six.
Sexagesimus, a, um, num.
adj. ord. (sex,) the sixtieth.





304


SEXAGINTA--SINGULARIS.


Sexaginta, num. adj. ind. pl.
(sex,) sixty.
Sexcentesimus, a, urn, num.
adj. ord. (sex & centum,)
the six hundredth.
Sextus, a, um, num. adj. ord.
(sex,) the sixth.
Si, conj. if; whether: si quando, if at any tzme.
Sic, adv. so; thus; in such a
manner.
Siccius, i, m. (Dentatus,) the
name of a brave Roman
soldier.
Siccus, a, um, adj. dry; siccum, dry land: in sicco,
(loco,) in   a  dry place:
(aridus, thoroughly    dry;
parched.)
Sicilia, m, f. Sicily, the largest island in the Mediterranean.
Sicuilus, a, um, adj. Sicilian:
fretum, the straits of Messina.
Sicut, & Sicuiti, adv. (sic ut,)
as; as if.
Sidon, 5nis, f. a maritime city
of Phcznicia.
Sidonius, a, um, adj. belonging to Sidon; Sidonian.
Sidus, eris, n. a star.
Significo, are, Avi, atum, tr.
(signum & facio,) to make
or give a sign; to designate; to mark; to express;
to signify; to give notice;
to imply or mean.
Signum, i, n. a sign; a token;
a statue; a standard; colors.


Silens, tis, part, (sileo,) silent;
keeping silence.
Silentium, i, n. (sileo,) silence.
Silenus, i. m. the foster-father
and instructor of Bacchus.
Sileo, ere, ui, intr. to be silent;
to conceal.
Silva, or Sylva, oe, f. a forest;
a wood.
Silvia, e, f. (Rhea,) the mother
of Romulus.
Silvius, i, m. a son of ZEneas,
the second king of Alba:
Silvius Procas, a king of
Alba, the father of Numitor and Amulius.
Sinia, m, f. (simus,) an ape.
Similis, e, adj. (ior, limus,
~ 26, 1,) similar;     like:
hence,
Similiter, adv. (similifis similime,) in like manner.
Simplex, icis, adj. comp. (sine plici, without a fold;
open; plain; hence,) simple;
artless; open; plain; single.
SimOis, entis, m. a river of
Troas, flowing     into  the
Scamander.
Simonides, is, m. a Greek poet, born in the island of
Cca.
Simul, adv. at the same time;
at once; together; as soon
as: simul-simul-as soon
as, or no sooner than.
Simulacrum, i, n. (sirnmilo,) an
image; a statue.
Sin, conj. but if.
Sine, prep. without.
Singularis, e, adj. single, sin




SING ULI--SOLVO.


gular; distinguished; extraordinary: ceritamen singulare, a single combat;
from
Singfili, w, a, num. adj. pl.
each; one by one; every:
singillis  mensibus, every
month.
Sinister,tra,trunm, adj. (comp.
irr, ~ 26, 2,.) left; from
Sino, sinure, sivi, siturn, tr.
(for sio. obsol.) to permit.
Sinus, Lis, inm. a bosom; a bay;
a gulf.
Siquis, siqua, siquod or siquid, pro, if any one; if
any thing.
Siquando, adv. (si & quando,)
if at any time; if ever.
Sitio, ire, ii, intr. & tr. to thirst;
to be thirsty; to desire earnestly.
Sitis, is, f. thirst.
Situs, a, um. part. & adj. (sino,) placed; set; situated;
permitted.
Sive, conj. or; or if; whether.
Sobiles, is, f. (subbles, sub &
oleo,) a sprig or shoot; oft
spring.
Sobrius, a, pm, adj. sober;
temperate.
Socer, Iri, m. a father-in-law.
Socialis, e, adj. (socius,) pertaining to allies; social;
confederate.
Sociatas, atis, f. society; alliance; intercourse; partnershzp; from
Socius, i, m  an ally; a companion.


Socordia, w, f. (socors, fr. se
& cor,) negligence; sloth
Socrates, is, m. the most eminent of the Athenian philosophers.
Sol, solis, m. the sun.
Soleo, ere, itus sum, n. pass,
S 78, to be wont; to be accustomed: solebat, used.
Solidus, a, um, adj. (ior, issirus,) whole; solid; entire.
Solitado, inis, f. (solus,) a desert; a wilderness; a solitary place.
Solitus, a, um, part. (soleo,)
accustomed; usual.
Sollers, tis, adj. (sollus whole,
not used, & ars,) ingenious,
inventive; cunning; skilful; shrewd.
Sollertia, 0, f. (sollers,) sagacity; skill; shrewdness.
Solon, onis, m. the lawgiver
of the Athenians, and one
of the seven wise men of
Greece.
Solstitium, i, n. (sol &  sisto,)
the  solstice, particularly
the summer solstice, in distinction from   brurua, the
winter solstice; the longest
day.
Solum, i, n. the earth; the
soil; land.
Solhm, adv. alone; only; fr.
Solus, a, um, adj. ~ 20, 4;
alone.
Solitus, a, um, part. from
Solvo, solvere, solvi, solitiumni,
tr. to loose; to dissolve; to
melt; to answer.





'SOMNIO-SPONSA.


Somnuo, are, avi, atum, intr.
to dream; from
Somnium, i, n, a dream; fr.
Somnus, i, rn. sleep.
Sonitus, fs, m. a sound; a
noise; from
Sono, are, ui, itum, intr. to
sound; to resound; from
Sonus, i, m. a sound.
Sorbeo, -ere, -ui, tr. to suck in;
to absorb.
Soror, 5ris, f. a sister.
Sp., an abbreviation of Spurius.
Spargo, spargere, sparsi, sparsum, tr. to    sprinkle; to
strew; to scatter; to sow.
Sparsi. See Spargo.
Sparsus, a, um, part.
Sparta, m, f. Sparta or Lacedcemon, the capital of Laconia.
Spartacus, i, m. the name of
a celebrated gladiator.
Spartanus, i, m. a Spartan.
Sparti, 6rum, im. pl. "a race of
men said to have sprung
from   the dragon's teeth
sowed by Cadmus.
Spartum, i, n. Spanish broom,
a plant of which ropes were
made.
Spatiosus, a, um, adj. large;
spacious; from
Spatium, i, n, a race ground;
(stadium,) a space; room;
distance.
Species, ei, f. (specio,) an appearance.
Spectaciilum, i,n. a spectacle;
a show; from


Specto, are, avi, atum, tr.
freq. (specio,) to behold; to
see; to consider; to regard;
to relate; to refer.
Specus, us, m. f. & n. a cave.
Spelunca, e, f. a cave.
Spero, are, avi, atum,    tr. to
hope; to expect.
Spes, ei, f. hope; expectation:
promise.
Speusippus, i, m. the nephew
and successor of Plato.
Sphinx, gis, f. a Sphinx. The
Egyptian Sphinx is represented as a monster, having
a woman's head on the body
of a lion.
Spina, Se, f. a thorn; a sting;
a quill; a spine; a backbone.
Spiritus, fs, m. a breath; fr.
Spiro, are, avi, atum, intr. to
breathe.
Splendeo, ere, ui, intr, to
shine; to be conspicuous;
hence
Splendidus, a, um, adj.(comp.)
splendid; illustrious; and
Splendor, bris, m. brightness;
splendor.
Spolio, are, avi, atum, tr. to
despoil; to strip; to deprive- from
Spolium, i, n. the skin of an
animal; spoils; booty.
Spondeo, spondere, spopondi,
sponsum, tr. to pledge one's
word; to promise;    to engage.
Sponsa, w, f. (spondeo,) a
bride.





SPONTIS-STUDEO.


307


Spontis, gen., sponte, 'abl.'
sing., f. ~ 18, 11; of one's
own    accord;    voluntary;
spontaneously; of himself;
of itself.
Spurius, i, m. a preenomen
among the Romans.
Sqnama, me, f. the scale of a
fish.
Stabillum, i. n. (sto,) a stall;
a stable.
Stadium, i, n. a stadium; a
furlong; a measure of      125
paces; the race ground.
Stannum, i, n. tin.
Stans, stantis, part. (sto.)
Statim, adv. (sto) immediately.
Statio, onis, f. (sto,) a station;
a picket or watch; (by day)
navium, roadstead; an anchoring place.
Statua, me, f. (statuo,) astatue.
Statuarius, i, m. a statuary;
a scupltor.
Statuo, uere, ui, ftum, tr.
(statum, fr. sisto,) to cause
to stand; to set up; to determine; to resolve; to fix;
to judge; to decide; to believe.
Status, a, um, adj. (sto,) fixed; stated; appointed; certain.
Statftus, a, um, part. (statuo,)
placed; resolved;fixed; settled.
Stella, ae, f. (sto,) a star; a
fixed star.
Sterilis, e, adj.(comp.)unfruitful; sterile, barren.
Sterto, ere, ui, intr. to snore.


Stipes, itis, m. a stake, the
trunk of a tree.
Stirps, is, f. root; a stock; a
race; a family.
Sto, stare, steti, statur, intr.
to stand; to be stationary:
stare a partibus, to favor
the party.
Stoicus, i, m. a Stoic, one of a
sect  of  Grecian   philosophers, whose founder was
Zeno.
Stoliditas, ~itis, f. stupidity; fr.
Stolidus, a, um. adj. (ior, issimus,) foolish; silly; stupid.
Strages, is, f. (sterno,) an
overthrow; slaughter.
Stranguilo, are, avi, atum, tr.
to strangle.
Strenue, adv.     (iiis issimA,)
bravely;   actively;   vigorously; strenuously; from
Strenuus, a, um, adj.(comp.)
bold; strenuous; brave; valiant.
Strophades, um, f. pl. two
small islands in the Ionian
sea.
Struo, struere, struxi, struc
turn, tr. to put together; to
construct; to build: insidias, to prepare an ambuscade; to lay snares.
Struthiocamelus, i, m. an ostrich.
Strymon, onis, m. a river
which was anciently the
boundary between Macedonia and Thrace.
Studeo. ere, ui intr. to fa




i)io s


STUDIOSE-bUCCEDO.


vor; to study; to endeavor;
to attend to; to pursue.
Studiose, adv. (studiosus, fr.
studiurn,) studiously; diligently.
Studium, i, n. zeal; study;
diligence; eagerness.
Stultitia, )e, f. folly; from
Stultus, a, um, adj. (ior, issimus,)foolish: stulti, fools.
Stupeo, ere, ui, intr. to be torpid or benumbed; to be astonished at; to be amazed.
Sturnus, i, m. a starling.
Suadendus, a, um, part. (suadeo.)
Suadens, tis, part. from
Suadeo, suadere, suasi, suasum, tr. & intr. to advise;
to persuade; to urge.
Suavitas, Atis, f. (suavis,)
sweetness; grace; melody.
Suaviter, adv. (vids vissime,)
(id.) sweetly; agreeably.
Sub, prep. under; near to;
near the time of; just before; at; in the time of.
Subdfco, -duckre, -duxi, -ducturn, tr. (sub & duco,) to
withdraw; to take away; to
withhold; hence,
Subductus, a, um, part.
Subeo, ire, ivi, & ii, Itum,
intr. irr. (sub & eo, Q 83,
3,) to go under; to submit
to: onus, to take up or sustain a burden.
Subigo,-igere, -ýgi, -actum, tr.
(sub & ago,) to subject; to
subdue; to conquer.
Subit6, adv. suddenly; from


Subitus, a, urn, adj. (subeo,)
sudden;   unexpected.
Sublatus, a, urm, part. (suffe..
ro,) taken away; lifted up.
Sublevo, are, Avi, Atum, tr.
(sub &  levo,) to lighten;
to relieve; to raise up; to
assist.
Sublimis, e, adj. comp. (sub.
for supra &   limus,) sub.
limne; high in the air: in
sublime, aloft; hence,
Sublime, adv. aloft; in the air.
Submergo, -mergere, -mersi,
mersum, tr. (sub & mergo,) to sink; to overwhelm.
Submergor, -mergi, -mersus
sum, pass. to be overwhelmed; to sink; hence,
Submersus, a, um. part.
Subridens, tis,part. smiling at.
Subrideo, -ridere, -risi, -risum, intr. (sub & rideo,) to
smile.
Subsilio, -silire, -silui & silii,
intr. (sub & salio,) to leap
up; to jump.
Substituo, -stituiere, -stitui,
stitatum, tr. (sub & statuo,)
to put in the place of another: to substitute.
Subter, prep. under.
Subterraneus, um, adj.(sub &
terra,) subterranean.
Subvenio, -venire, -veni, -ventum, intr. (sub & venio,)
to come to one's assistance,
to succor; to help.
Subv6lo, are, avi, atum, intr
(sub & volo,) to fly up.
Succedo, -ced~re, -cessi, -ces




SUCCESSOR-- SUPERVACUUS.


809


sum. intr. (sub & cedo,) to
succeed; to follow; hence,
Successor, oris, m. a successor.
Succus, i, m. (sucus fr. sugo,)
juice; sap; liquid.
Suflero, sufferre, sustihli, sublatum, tr. irr. (sub & fero,)
to take away; to undertake; to bear.
Suffetius, i, m. (Metius,) an
Alban general, put to death
by Tullus Hostilius.
Sufficio, -ficire, -feci, -fectum,
intr. (sub & facio,) to suffice; to be sufficient.
Suffodio, -fodere, -frdi, -fossum, tr. (sub & fodio,) to
dig under; to undermine.
Suffossus, a, um, part.
Suffragium, i, n. (sub & frango,) a broken piece; a shred;
a ballet; suffrage; vote;
choice.
Sui, pro. gen. ~ 28, of himself;
of herself; of itself: duve
sibi similes, two like one
another.
Sulla, or Sylla, v, m. a distinguished Roman general.
Sulpicius, i, m. (Gallus,) a
Roman, celebrated for his
learning  and eloquence, and
for his skill in astrology.
Sum, esse, fii, intr. irr. ~ 54,
to be; to exist: terrbri esse, to excite terror.
Summus, a, urnm, adj. (see Superus,) the highest; greatest; perfect:   in  summa
aqua, on the surface of the
water.


Sumo, suminre, sumpsi, suMptum, tr. to take.
Sumptus, a, urn, part. (sumo.)
Sumptus, is, mn. (id.) expense.
Supellex, supellectilis, f, furniture; household goods.
Super, prep. above; upon.
Superb', adv ids, issim,(fr. superbus,) proudly; haughtily.
Superbia, w, f. (superbus,)
pride; haughtiness.
Superbio, ire, ivi, itum, intr.
to be proud; to be proud of;
from
Superbus, a, um, adj. comp.
proud; the Proud, a surname of Tarquin, the last
king ofRome.
Superfluus, a, um, adj. (superfluo,) superfluous.
Superj 6cio, -jac re, -jeci, -jactum, tr. (super & jacio,)
to throw upon; to shoot over.
Superjacior,-ja'ci, -jactus sum,
pass. to be shot over.
Supiro, are, avi, atum, tr.
(super,) to surpass; to conquer; to excel; to vanquish.
SuperstitiBsus, a, um, adj.
(superstitio fr. supersto,)
superstitious.
Supersum,-esse, fui, intr. irr.
(super & sum,) to be over;
to remain; to survive.
Superus, a, urn, adj. (superior; supremus or summus, ~ 26, 2,) above; high;
upper.
Supervacuus, a, um, adj. ýsuper & vacuus,) superfluous.





310


SUPERVENIO-TABESCO.


Supervenio, -venire, -veni,
-ventum, intr. (super &
venio,) to come upon; to
come; to surprise suddenly.
Supervolo, are, avi, atum,
intr. (super & volo,) tofly
over.
Suppito, ere, Ivi, itum, intr.
(sub & peto,)to come to; to
be at hand; hence to suffice; to remain; to serve;
to be sufficient.
Supplex, icis, adj. (sub & plico,) suppliant.
Supplicium. i, n, (id.) a punishment.
Suppono, -ponare, -posui, -positum, tr. (sub. & pono,)
to put under; to substitute.
Supra, prep. & adv. above; before.
Surena, as, m. the title of a
Parthian officer, and next
in authority to the king.
Surgo, surgere, surrexi, surrectum, intr. (surrego, fr. sub,
& rego,) to rise.
Sus, uis, c. swine; a hog.
Suscipio, -cipere, -cepi, -ceptum, tr. (sub & capio,) to
take or lift up; to undertake; to take upon; to engage in; to receive.
Suspectus, a, um, part, & adj.
(suspicio,) suopected; mistrusted.
Suspendo, -pendire, -pendi,
-pensum, tr. (sub &pendo,)
to  suspend; to hang; to
hang up.
Suspensus, a, um, part.


Suspicio,    -spicere,   -spexi,
-spectum, tr. (sub & specio,) to look at secretly; to
look up; to suspect.
Suspicor, ari, atus sum, tr.
dep. to suspect; to surmise.
Sustento, are, avi, atum, tr
freq. to sustain; to support.
sustentare vitam, to support one's self; from
Sustineo, -tinere, -tinui, -tentur, tr. (sub & teneo,) to
bear up; to carry; to sustain; to support.
Sustollo, sustollere, sustili,
sublatum, tr. to lift up; to
take away; to raise.
Suus, a, um, pro. his; hers;
its; theirs; ~ 28, Obs. 3,
Exc.
Sylla.   See Sulla.
Syllaba, v, f. a syllable.
Sylva. See Silva.
Syphax, acis, m. a king of
Numidia.
Syracfism, arum, f. pl. Syracuse, a celebrated city of
Sicily.
Syria, we, f. a large country of
Asia, at the eastern extremity of the Mediterranean
sea.
Syriacus, a, um, adj. Syrian;
belonging to Syria.
T.
T., an abbreviation of Titus.
Tabesco, tabescere, tabui, inc.
(tabeo,) to consume; to pine
away.





TABULA-TAURICA.


311


Tabilla, 0e, f. a table; a tablet;
a picture; a    painting;
plumbea tabfiia, a plate or
sheet of lead.
Taceo, ore, ui, itum, intr. to
be silent,.
Tactus, iis, m. (tango,) the
touch.
Taedet, toeduit, toesum est or
pertesum    est, imp. to be
weary of: vitae eos tredet,
they are weary of life.
Taoenrus, i, m. & umrn, i, n. a
promontory in Laconia, now
cape Miatapan.
Talentum, i, n. a talent; a
sum   variously  estimated
from $860 to $1020.
Talis, e, adj. such.
Talpa, a, c. a mole.
Tarn, adv. so; so much.
Tarnen, conj. yet; notwithstanding;still; nevertheless.
Tan-is, is, m. a river between
Europe and Asia, now the
Don.
Taniquil, ills, f. the wife of
Tarquinius Priscus.
Tandem, adv. (tum & demum,)
at length; at last; finally.
Tango, tangere, tetigi, tacturn, tr. to touch.
Tanquarnm, or Tamquam, adv.
(tam & quam,) as well as;
as if; like.
Tantialus, i, m. a son of Jupiter; the father of Pelops,
and king of Phrygia.
Tanto adv. (tantus,) so much.
Tantopere, adv. (tantus &
opus.) so much; so greatly.


Tantfim, adv. only; so much;
from
Tantus, a, urn, adj. so great;
such: tanti. of so much
value: tanti est, it is worth
the pains; it makes amends.
Tardd, adv. (ihs., issim e,) (tardus,) slowly.
Tarditas, atis, f. (tardus,) slowness; dulness; heaviness.
Tardo, are, avi, Atumrn, tr. to
make slow; to retard; to
check; to stop; from
Tardus, a, um, adj. (ior, issimus,) slow; dull.
Tarentinus, a, um, adj. Tarentine; of or belonging to
Tarentum: Tarentini, Tarentines; the inhabitants
of Tarentum.
Tarentum, i, n. a celebrated
city in the south of Italy.
Tarpeia, aC, f. the daughter of
Sp. Tarpeius: she betrayed
the Roman citadel to the
Sabines.
Tarpeius, a, um, adj. Tarpeian: mons, the Tarpeian or
Capitoline mount.
Tarquinii, orum, m. pl. a city
of Etruria, whence the family of Tarquin derived
their name.
Tarquinius, i, m. Tarquin;
the name of an illustrious
Romanfamily; Tarquinii,
orum, pl. the Tarquins.
TartIrus, i, m., & -a, orum,
pl. n. Tartarus; the infernal regions.
Taurica, a, f. a large pennsu





312


TATjitTS--TERRA.


la of the Black sea, now
called the Crimea, or Taurida.
Taurus, i, m. a high range of
mountains in Asia.
Taurus, i, m. a bull.
Taygetus, i, m. & -a, orum,
pl. a mountain of Laconia,
near Sparta.
Tectum, i, n. (tego,) a covering; a roof; a house.
Tectus, a, urn, part. (tego,)
covered; defended.
Teges, etis, f. a mat; a rug;
a coverlet; from
Tego, gere, xi, ctum, tr. to cover; to defend; hence,
Tegumentum, i, n. a covering.
Telum, i, n. a missile; a weapon; a dart; an arrow.
Temere, adv. at random; accidentally; rashly.
Tempe, n, pl. indec. a beautiful vale in Thessaly. thro'
which  the river Peneus
flows.
Temperies, iei, f. a season or
space of time; temperateness; mildness; temperature.
Tempestas, atis, f. (tempus,)
a storm; a tempest.
Templum, i, n. a consecrated
place; a temple.
Tempus, oris, n. time; a season: ad tempus, at the
time appointed: ex tempore, without premeditation.
Temulentus, a, um, adj. (temetum,) drunken; intoxicated.


Tendo, tendere, tetendi, tensum, tr. to stretch; to stretch
out; to extend; intr.   to
advance; to go.
Tenebrre, arum, f. pl. darkness.
Teneo, tenere, tenui, tentum,
tr. to hold; to have; to keep;
to possess; to know; to hold
by a garrison: portum, to
reach the harbor.
Tentatus, a, um, part. from
Tento, are, avi, atum, tr. freq.
(teneo,) to   attempt:   to
try.
Tentyrite, Arum, c. pl. the inhabitants of   Tentyra, a
town and island in Upper
Egypt.
Tenuis, e. adj. (comp.) thin;
slender; light; rare.
Tenus, prep. up to; as far as.
Tepesco, escere, ui, intr. inc.
(tepeo,) to grow warm or
cool; to become tepid.
Ter, num. adv. thrice.
Terentius, i. m. a Roman proper name.
Tergum, i, n. the back; the
farther side: a tergo,from
behznd: ad terga, behind.
Termino, are, avi, atum, tr.
to bound; to limit; to terminate; from
Terminus, i, m. a boundary;
limit; an end; bounds.
Terni, me, a, num, adj. pl.(tres,)
three by three; three.
Terra, m, f. the earth; a country; the land: omnes terre, the whole world.





TERREO-THRASYBULUS,


313


Terreo, ere, ui, itum, tr. to ter-'
rify; to scare; to frighten.
Terrester, terrestris, terrestre,
adj. (terra,) terrestrial:
animal terrestre, a land
animal.
Terribilis, e, adj. comp. (terreo,) terrible.
Territo, are, avi, Atum, tr.
freq. (id.) to terrify; to affright.
Territorium, i, n. (terra,) territory.
Territus, a, um, part. (terreo,)
Terror, Bris, m. (id.) terror;
consternation; fear.
Tertius, a, um, num. adj. ord.
(tres,) the third; hence,
Tertib, num. adv. the third
time.
Testa, m, f. (tosta fr. torreo,)
an earthen vessel; a shell.
Testamentum, i, n. (testor,) a
will; a testament.
Testudo, inis, f. (testa,) a tortoise.
Tetigi.   See Tango.
Teut6nes, um, &       Teuthni,
brum, m. pl. a nation in
the northern part of Germany, near the Cimbri.
Texo, texere, texui, texturn,
tr. to weave; to plait; to
form; to construct.
Thalamus, i, m. a bed-chamber; a dwelling.
I hales, is & etis, m. a Milesian, one of the seven wise
men of Greece.
Thasus. i, f. an island on the
coast of Thrace.


Theatrum, i, n. a theatre.
Thebwe, arum, f. pl. Thebes
the capital of Bceotia:
hence,
Thebanus, a, um, adj. Theban; belonging to Thebes.
Thelesinus, i, m. a Roman
proper name.
Themistocles, is, m. a celebrated Athenian general in
the Persian war.
Theodorus, i, m. a philosoher
of Cyr ne.
Thermodon, ontis, m. a river
of Pontus.
Theseus, i, m. a    king   of
Athens, and son of 2Egeus,
and one of the most celebrated heroes of antiquity.
Thessalia,' e, f. Thessaly; a
country of Greece, south of
Macedonia; hence,
Thessalus, a, um, adj. belonging to Thessaly; Thessalian.
Thestius, i, m. the father of
Althcea.
Thetis, idis & idos, f. one of
the sea nymphs; the wife
of Peleus, and mother  of
Achilles.
Theutob6chus, i, m. a king
of the Cimbri.
Thracia, ae. f. Thrace; a large
country east of Macedonia.
Thracius, a, um, adj. belonging to Thrace; Thracian.
Thrasybfilus, i, m. an Athenian general, celebrated for
freeing his country from
the thirty tyrants.


27





314


THUS-TRAHO.


Thus, thuris, n. frankincense.
Tibhris, is, m. ~ 15, 2, the
Tiber, a famous river of
Italy.
Tibi. See Tu.
Tibicen, inis, m. (tibia & cano,) one who plays upon the
flute; a piper.
Ticinum, i, n. a town of Cisalpzne Gaul, where the Romans were defeated by Hannibal.
Tigranes, is, m. a king of Armenia Major.
Tigranocerta, orum, n. a city
of Armenia Major, founded by Tigranes.
Tigris, idis, (seldom is,) c. a
tiger.
Tigris, idis & is, m. a river in
Asia.
Timens, tis, part. from
Timeo, ere, ui, intr. & tr. to
fear; to dread; to be afraid.
Timidus, a, um, adj. comp.
(timeo,) timid; cowardly.
Timor, oris, m. (id.) fear.
Tinnitus, fis, m. (tinnio,) a
tinkling.
Tintinnabilum, i. n. (tintinno
same as tinnio,) a bell.
Titio, onis, m. a brand; afirebrand.
Titus, i, m. a Roman praenomen.
Tolero, Ire, avi, atum, tr. to
bear; to endure; to admit of.
Tollo, tolliire, sustuili, sublatum, tr. to raise; to pick
up; to remove; to do away
with.


Tondeo, tondere, totondi, tonsum, tr. to clip; to shave;
to shear.
Tonitru, u, n. thunder: from
Tono, are, ui, itum, intr. to
thunder: tonat, imp. it
thunders.
Tormentum, i, n. (torqueo,)
an   engine for throwing
stones and darts.
Torquatus, i, m., a surname
given to T. Manlius and
his descendants.
Torquis, is, d. (torqueo,) a collar; a chain.
Tot, ind. adj. so many.
Totidem, ind. adj. (tot itidem,)
the same number; as many.
Totus, a, um, adj. ~ 20, 4,
whole; entire; all.
Trabs, is, f. a beam.
Tractatus, a, um, part. from
Tracto, are, avi, Atum, tr. freq.
(traho,) to treat; to handle.
Tractus, fis, m. (traho,) a tract;
a country; a region.
Tractus, a, um, part. (traho.)
Traditus, a, um, part. from
Trado, -dere, -didi, -ditum, tr.
(trans & do,) to give over,
or up; to deliver; to give;
to relate; to teach: tradunt,
they report: traditur, it is
related; it is reported: traduntur, they are reported.
Tragicus, a, um, adj. tragic.
Tragaodia, e, f. a tragedy.
Traho, trahere, traxi, tractum,
tr. to drag; to draw: bellum, to protract or prolong  the war:     liquTdas





TRAJICIO-TRIBUTU-I


315


aquas   trahire, to   draw
along clear waters; toflow
with a clear stream.
Trajicio, -jicere, -jeci, -jecturn, tr. (trans & jacio,) to
convey over; to pass or cross
over.
Trames, itis, m. (trameo, i. e.
trans meo, to go over or
along;) a path; a way.
Trano, are, avi, Atum, intr.
(trans & no,) to suwim over.
Tranquillus,   a,  umrn,  adj.
(comp.) tranquil; calm; serene.
Trans, prep. over; beyond; on
the other side.
Transactus, a, um, part.(transigo.)
Transeo, ire, ii, itum, intr.
irr. (trans & eo,) to pass or
go over,.
Transf ro,-ferre, -tilli, -latumn,
tr. irr. (trans & fero,) to
transfer; to carry over: se
ad aliquem, to go over to.
Transfigo,-fig&re,-fixi, -fixum,
(trans  &   figo,)  to  run
through;    to  pierce; to
stab.
Transfiiga, w. c. (transfugio,)
a deserter.
Transgredior, -gredi, -gressus
sum, intr. dep. (trans &
gradior,) to go or pass over.
Transigo, -igere, -.gi, -actum,
tr. (trans & ago,) to transact; to finish; to spend.
Transilio, -sillre, -silui & silivi, intr. (trans & salio,) to
leap over.


Transit-irus,  a, um, part.
(transeo,) about to pass
over; to pass on.
Translatus, a, umrn, part. (transf6ro.)
Transmarinus, a, um, adj,
(trans & mare,) beyond the
sea; foreign; transmarine.
Transno. See Trano.
Transveho,.veh're l,-vexi,-vecturm, tr. (trans & veho,) to
carry over; to convey; to
transport.
Transv6lo, are, avi, atum, in tr.
(trans & volo,) tofly over.
Trasiminus. i, m. a lake in
Etruria, near which the
consul Flamninius was defeated by Hannibal.
Trebia, e, f. a river of Cisalpine Gaul, enmptying into
the Po.
Trecenti, Me, a, num. adj. ph.
three hundred; hence,
Trecentesimus, a, umrn, num.
adj. the three hundredth.
Tredecim, numrn. adj. pl. ind.
(tres & decem,) thirteen.
Tres, tria, num. adj. pl. ~ 24,
Obs. 3, threo.
Treviri, 6rum, m. pl. a people
of Belgium.
Triangularis, e, adj. (triang6ilum,) triangular; threecornered.
Tribinus, i, m. (tribus,) a
tribune.
Tribuo, iiere, ui, atum, tr. to
attribute; to give; to grant;
to bestow; to commit.
Tribitum, i, n (tribuo,) a tri




3? '


TRICESIMUS--TUR BATUS.


bicte; a tax; a contribution:
an assessment.
Tricesimus, a, ur, num. adj.
(triginta,) the thirtieth.
Triduum, i, n. (tres & dies,) the
space of three days: per
triduum, for three days.
Triennium, i, n. (tres & annus,) the space of three
years.
Trigernmi, orum, m. pl. (tres
&  gemini,) three brothers
born at one birth.
Triginta, num. adj. pl. ind.
thirty.
Trinacria, ae, f. one of the
the names of Sicily.
Triptolemus, i, m. the son of
Celeus, king of Eleusis.
Tristitia, Ce, f. (tristis, sad,)
sorrow; grief.
Triumphalis, e, adj. (triumphus,) triumphal.
Triumphans, tis, part.from
Triumpho, are, avi, atum, intr.
to triumph; from
Triumphus, i, m. a triumph; a
triumphal procession.
Triumvir, viri, m. (tres & vir,)
one of three joint public
office s; a triumvir.
Troas, adis, f. a country of
Asia Minor, bordering upon the Hellespont.
Trochilus, i, m. a wren.
Troglodytae, arum, c. pl. Troglodytes, a people of Ethiopia, who dwelt in caves.
Troja, re, f. Troy, the capital
of Troas; hence,
Trojanus, a, um, adj. Trojan.


Trucido, ire, Avi, atum, tr.
(trux & caedo,) to kill in a
cruel manner; to butcher; to
murder; to slay; to massacre.
Trux, ucis, adj. savage; cruel; fierce; stern; grim.
Tu, subs. p;ro. thou; ~ 28.
Tuba, W, f. (tubus, a tube,)
a trumpet.
Tuber, eris, n. (tumeo,) a
bunch; a tumor; a protuberance.
Tubicen, inis, m. (tuba & cano,) a trumpeter.
Tueor, tueri, tuitus sum, tr.
to see; to look to; to care
for; to defend; to protect.
Tugurium i, n. (tego,) a hut;
a shed.
Tuli. See Fero.
Tullia, me, f. the daughter of
Servius Tullius
Tullius, i, m. a Roman.
Tullus, 1, m. (Hostilius,) the
third Roman king.
Turn, adv. then; and; so; also:
turm-tur, as well-as;
both-and: turn    demum,
then at length.
Tumultus, fs, m, (tumeo,) a
noise; a tumult.
Tumiilus, i, m. (id.) a mound;
a tomb.
Tune, adv. then.
Tunica, me, f. a tunic; a cose
woollen garment, worn under the toga.
Turbatus, a, um, part. disturbed; confused; tr'oubled,
from





TURBO--UN DEVICESIMUS.


317


Turbo, are, Ivi, atum, tr.
(turba,) to disturb; to trouble; to put into confusion.
Turma, m, f. a division of Roman cavalry consisting of
thirty men; a troop.
Turpis, e, adj. (ior, issimus,)
base; disgraceful.
Turpitfido, inis, f. (turpis,)
baseness; ugliness.
Turris, is, f. a tower.
Tuscia, e, f. a country of Italy, the same as Etruria.
Tuscuilum, i, n. a city of Latium.
Tuscus, a, um, adj. Tuscan;
belonging    to  Tuscany;
Etrurian.
Tutor, 6ris, m. (tueor,) a guardian; a tutor.
Tutus, a, um, adj. (ior issimus,) (tueor,) safe.
Tuus, a, umn, adj. pro. ~ 30,
(tu,) thy; thine.
Tyrannis, idis &    idos, f. tyranny; arbitrary power; fr.
Tyrannus, i, m. a king; a tyrant; a usurper.
Tyrius, a, um, adj. Tyrian:
Tyrii, Tyrians; inhabitants of Tyre.
Tyrrhenus, a, um, adj. Tyrrhenian or Tuscan; belonging to Tuscany.
Tyrus, i, f. a celebrated maritime city of Phenicia.
U.
Uber, eris, n. an udder; a teat.
Ubertas, atis, f. (uber, rich,


fertile,) fertility, fruitfulness.
Ubi, adv. where; when; as
soon as.
Ubique, adv. every where.
Ulcisor, ulcisci, ultus sum. tr,
dep. to take revenge; to
avenge.
Ullus, a, um, adj. ~ 20,4, any;
any one.
Ulterior, us, (ultimus,) ~ 26,
4; further; hence,
Ulteriuis, adv. farther; beyond;
longer.
Ultimus, a, um, adj. (sup. of
ulterior,) the last.
Ultra, prep. beyond; more
than:-adv. besides; moreover; further.
Ultus, a, um, part. (ulciscor,)
having avenged.
Ulysses, is, m. a distinguished
king of Ithaca.
Umbra, e, f. a shade; a shadow.
Umbro, ire, avi, Atum, tr.
(umbra,) to shade;to darken.
Una, adv. (unus,) together.
Unde, adv. whence; from
which.
Undicim, num. adj. pl. ind.
(unus & decem,) eleven.
Undenonagesimus,    a, um,
num. adj. (unus, de, &
nonagessimus,) the eightyninth.
Undequinquaginta, num, adj.
pl. ind. forty-nine.
Undetricesimus, a, um, num.
adj. twenty-ninth.
Undevicesimus, a, urn, num.
adj. nineteenth.





31.8


UNDEVIGINTI-VALERI US.


Undeviginti, num. adj. nineteen.
Undique, adv. on all sides.
Unguis, is, m. a claw; a talon; a nail.
Ungila, me, f. a claw; a talon;
a hoof: binis ungiilis, cloven-footed.
Unicus, a, ur, adj. (unus,)
one alone; sole; only.
Unio, 5nis, m. a pearl.
Tniversus, a, um, adj. (unus
& versus,) whole; universal;
all.
Unquam, adv. ever: nec unquam, and never.
Unus, a, um. num. adj. ~ 20,
4; one; only; alone.
Unusq isque, unaqumeque, unnumquodque, adj. each one;
each; ~ 37, Obs. 2.
Urbs, is, f. a city; the chief
city; Rome.
Uro, urere, ussi, ustum, tr. to
burn.
Ursus, i, m. a bear.
Usque, adv. even; as far as;
till; until.
Usus, a, um, part. (utor.)
Usus, fis, m. (id.) use; custom;
profit; advantage.
Ut, conj. that; in order that;
so that: adv. as; as soon
as; when.
Utcunque, adv. (ut & cunque,)
howsoever; somewhat; in
some degree.
Uter, tra, trum, adj. ~ 20, 4,
which? which of the two?
Uterque, trique, trumque, adj.
4 20, 4, (uter & que), both;


(taken separately, see amho,) each; each of the two.
Utilis, e, adj. comp. (utor,)
useful.
Utica, m, f. a maritime city
of Africa, near Carthage.
Utor, uti, usus sum, intr. dep.
to use; to make use of.
Utrinque, adv. on both sides,
Utruim, adv. whether.
Uva, ae, f. a grape; a bunch
of grapes: passa, a raisin.
Uxor, 5ris, f. (ungo,) a wife.
V.
Vaco, ire, avi, atum, intr. to
be free from; hence, i
Vacuus, a, um, adj. empty;
unoccupied; vacant; free;
exempt: vacuus viator, the
destitute traveller.
Vadosus, a, um, adj. (comp.)
fordable; shallow; from
Vadum, i, n. (probably from
vado, to go;) a ford; a
shallow.
Vagans, tis, part. (vagor.)
Vagina, ae, f. a scabbard; a
sheath.
Vagitus,iUs,m. weeping; cryzng
Vagor, ari, atus sum, intr. dep.
to wander about; to stray.
Valeo, ere, ui, intr. to be
well, or in health; to be
strong; to avail; to be distinguished; to be eminent:
multum valere, to be very
powerful: vale, farewell.
Valerius, i, m. a Roman proper name.





VALLIS-VENOR..319


Vallis, is, f, a valley; a vale.
Varietas, Atis, f. (varius,) variety; change.
Vario, are, avi, Mtum, tr. to
change; to vary; from
Varius, a, um, adj. various;
diverse.
Varro, nis, m. (kMarcus,) a very
learned Roman: P. Terentius, a consul, who was
defeated by Hannibal.
Vasto, are, lvi, itum, tr. to
lay waste; to ravage; from
Vastus, a, um, adj. waste;
desert; hence; w'ide; vast;
great.
Vates, is, m. a poet; a bard.
Ve, conj. (enclitic, ~ 39, Obs.
2.) or; also, intensive or
negative inseparable particle, ~ 91, Obs. 2.
Vecordia, ce, f. (vecors, mad;)
madness; folly.
Vectus, a, um, part. (veho.)
Vehimens, tis, adj. (ior iss'mus,) (ve intens. & mens,)
vehement;   immoderate;
hence,
Vehementer, adv. (iAs, issimn.,) vehemently; greatly;
very; much; violently.
Veho, vehere, vexi, vectum,
tr. to bear, to carry; to
Convey.
Veiens, tis, & Veientanus, i,
m. azn inhabitant of Veii.
Veii, Orum, m. pl. a city of
Tuscany, memorable for'
the defeat of the Fabian
family.     also; even: vel
Vel, conj. or; also; even: I vel'


lecta, even when read: vel
-vel, either-or.
Vello, vellere, velli, or vulsi,
vulsum, tr. to pluck.
Vellus, Bris n, (vello,) afleece.
Velox, 6cis, adj. (ior, issimus,)
(volo, are,) swift; rapid;
active.
Velurm, i, n. (vexillum,) a
sail.
Velut, & Veliiti, adv. (vel &
ut,) as; as if.
Venalis, e, adj. (venus, sale,)
venal; mercenary.
Venans, tis, part. (venor.)
Venaticus, a, um, adj. (id.)
belonging to the chase: canis, a hound.
Venator, oris, m. (venor,) a
huntsman.
Vendito, are, avi, Atuin, freq.
to sell; from
Vendo, vend6re, vendidi, venditum, tr. (venum  & do,)
to sell.
Venenatus, a, um, adj. poisoned; poisonous; from veneno, and that from
Venenum, i, n. poison.
Veneo, Ire, ii, intr. irr. (for
venum eo,) to be exposed
for sale; to be sold.
Venetus, i, m., or Brigantinuý, a lake between Germany and Switzerland, called
the Boden sea, or lake of
Constance.
Venio, venire, venm, ventum,
intr. to come; to advance.
Venor, ari, itus sum, tr. dep.
to hunt.





VENTER-VETUS.


Venter, tris, m. the belly; the
stomach.
Ventus, i, m. a wind.
Venus, As, or i, m. (used only
in the dat. ace. & abl.) sale.
Venus, eris, f. the goddess of.love and beauty.
Ver, veris, n. the spring.
Verber, Cris, n. a whip; a rod;
a blow; a stripe; hence,
Verbero, are, avi, atum, tr. to
strike.
Verbum, i, n. a word.
Vere adv. (ius, issime,) (verus,) truly.
Vereor, eri, itus sum, intr. dep.
to fear; to be concerned for.
Vergo, vergere, versi, intr.
(also tr.) to tend to; to incline; to verge towards; to
bend; to look.
Verisimilis, e, adj. comp. (verum & similis,) like the
truth; probable.
Veritus, a, um, part.(vereor.)
Vero, conj. but:-adv. (verus,) indeed; truly.
Verona, w, f. Verona, a city
in the north of Italy.
Versatus, a, um, part. from
Versor, ari, atus sum, tr. dep.
freq. (verto,) to turn; to revolve; to dwell; to live; to
reside; to be employed.
Versus, a, um, part. (vertor.)
Versuis, prep. towards.
Vertex, icis, m. (verto,) the
top; the summit; the crown
of the head.
Verto, tire, ti, sum, tr. to
turn; to change.


Veru, u, n. ~ 16, a spit.
Verim, conj. but; but yet; ft
Verus, a, urn, adj. (comp.) true.
Vescor, i, intr. dep. (esca,) to
live upon; to feed upon; to
eat; to subsist upon.
Vespiri, or -e, adv. at evening: tam   vespiri, so lat6
at evening.
Vesta, me, f. a goddess; tht
mother of Saturn; hence
Vestalis, is, f. (virgo,) a Vestal virgin; a priestess consecrated  to the service of
Vesta, and
Vestibilum, i, n. the porch;
the vestibule.
Vestigium, i, n. a footstep; a
vestige; a trace; a mark;
a track.
Vestio, ire, ivi, itum, tr. to
clothe; from
Vestis,   is, f. a    garment;
clothes.
Vesiilus, i, m. a high mountain of Liguria, and a part
of the Cottian Alps.
Veteranus, a, um, adj.,(vetus,)
old; subs. a veteran.
Veto, are, ui, itum, tr. to for.
bid; to prohibit.
Veturia, me, f. the mother of
Corioldnus.
Veturius, i. m. (Titus,) a Roman consul, who was defeated by the Samnites at
the Caudine Forks.
Vetus, bris, adj. (veterior veterrimus, 26, 2,) ancient;
old: veteres, the ancients.
hence


I





VETUSTAS-VINUM.


321


Vetustas, itis, f. antiquity;
age.
Vetustus, a, um, adj. comp.
(id.) old; ancient.
Vexi.   See Veho.
Via, s, f. a way; a course; a
path; a journey; hence
Viator, oris, m. a traveller.
Viceni, m, a, distrib. num. adj.
pl. (viginti,) every twenty;
twenty.
Vicesimus, a, um. num. adj.
(id.) the twentieth.
Vici. See Vinco.
Vicies    num.    adv.  twenty
times.
Vicinitas, atis, f. the neighborhood; vicinity; from
Vicinus, a, um, (vicus,) adj.
near; neighboring.
Vicinus, i, m. (vicus,) a neighbor.
Vicis, gen. f. ~ 18, 13, change;
reverse; a place; a turn:
in vicem, in turn; in place
of; instead.
Victima m, f. (vinco,) a victim; a sacrifice.
Victor, oris, m. (vinco.) a victor; a conqueror:-adj. victorious; hence,
Victoria, m, f. a victory.
Victitrus, a, um. part. (from
vivo.)
Victus, a, um, part. (vinco.)
Vicus, i, m. a village.
Video, videre, vidi. visum, tr.
to see; to behold.
Videor, videri, visus sum, pass.
to be seen; to seem; to appear; to seem proper.


Viduus, a, um, adj. (viduo, to
bereave;) bereaved; widow
ed: mulier vidua, a widow
Vigil, ills, m. (vigeo,) a watchman.
Vigilans, tis, adj. (ior issimus,) (vigilo,) watchful;
vigilant.
Vigilia, m, f. (vigil,) a watching:-pl. the watch, (by
night.)
Viginti, num, adj. pl. ind.
twenty.
Vilis, e, adj. cheap; vile; bad;
mean.
Villa, ms, f. (vicus,) a countryhouse; a country-seat; a
villa; hence,
Villicus, i, m. an overseer of
an estate; a steward.
Villus, i, m. long hair; coarse
hair.
Vincio, vincire, vinxi, vineturn, tr. to bind.
Vinco, vincere, vici, victum,
tr. to conquer; to vanquish:
to surpass.
Vinctus, a. um, part. (vincio.)
Vincuilum, i, n. (id.) a chain
in  vincuila  conjicere, to
throw into prison.
Vindex, icis, c. an avenger; a
protector; a defender; an
asserter; from
Vindico, are, avi, itum, tr. to
claim; to avenge: in libertatem, to rescue from slavery.
Vindicta, We, f. (vindico,) veno
geance; punishment.
Vinur, i, n. wine





32'2


VIOLA--VOLUCER.


V51la. se, f. a violet.
Violo, are, avi, atum, tr. (vis,)
to violate; to pollute; to
corrupt.
Vir, viri, m. (vis,) a man.
Vireo, ere, ui, intr. to be green;
to be verdant; to flourish.
Vires. See Vis.
Virga, oe, f. (vireo,) a rod; a
small staff; a switch.
Virgilius, i, m. Virgil, a very
celebrated Latin poet.
Virginia, ve, f. the daughter
of Virginius.
Virginius, i, m. the name of a
distinguished Roman centurion.
Virgo, inis, f. (vireo,) a virgin; a girl; a maid.
Virgiila, m, f, (dim. from virga,) a small rod.
Viriathus, i, m. a Lusitanian
general who was originally a shepherd, and afterwards a leader of robbers.
Viridomarus, i, m. a king of
the Gauls, slain by Marcellus.
Virtus, fitis, f. (vir,) virtue;
merit;   excellence; power;
valor; faculty.
Vis, vis, f. ~ 15, 12, power;
strength; force: vis hominum, a multitude of men:
vim facere, to do violence:
-pl. vires, ium, power;
strength.
Viscus, 6ris, n. an    entrail:
viscera, pl. the bowels; the
flesh.
Vistuila e, f. a river of Prus

sia, which still bears the
same name, and which was
anciently the eastern boundary of Germany.
Visurgis, is, m. the Wese    ar
large river of Germany.
Visus, a, um, part. (video.)
Visus, ius, m. (video,) the
sight.
Vita, Te, f. life.
Vitandus, a, um, part. (vito.)
Vitifer, era, erum, adj. (vitis
& fero,) vine-bearing.
Vitis, is, f, (vieo,) a vine.
Vitium, i, n. a crime.
Vito, are, avi, atum, tr. to
shun; to avoid.
Vitupero, are, avi, atum, tr
(vitium paro,) tofindfault
with; to blame.
Vividus, a. ur, adj. (comp.)
lively; vivid; from.
Vivo, vivere, vixi, victum,
intr. to live; to fare; to live
upon; hence
Vivus, a, um, adj. living;
alive.
Vix, adv. scarcely.
Vixi.   See vivo.
Voco, are, avi, atum,tr. (vox,)
to call; to invite; to name.
Volo, are, avi, atum, intr. to
fly.
Volo, velle, volui, tr. irr. ~ 83,
4, to wish; to desire; to be
willing.
Volsci, Orum, m. pl. a people
of Latium.
Voliicer, -cris, -ere, adj. (volo,
are,)  winged - subs.     a
bird.





VOLUMNIA-ZONE.


323


Volumnia, T, f. the wife of
Coriolinus.
Voluntas, dtis, f. (volo,) the
will.
Voluptas, Atis, f. (voliipe, fr.
volo,) pleasure; sensual
pleasure.
Volutatus, a, um, part. from
Volfito, are, Avi, Atum, tr. freq.
(volvo,) to roll.
Volvo, vere, vi, &tum, tr. to
roll; to turn.
Votum, i, n. (voveo,) a wish;
a vow,.
Vox, vocis, f. a voice; a word;
an expression; an exclamation.
Vul ctnus, i, m. Vulcan, the
God of fire, the son of Jupiter and Juno.
Vulgus, i, m. or n. the common
people; the populace; the
vulgar.
Vulneratus, a, um, part. from
Vulnero, are, avi, atum, tr. to
wound; from
Vulnus, eris, n. a wound.
Vulpeciila, e, f. dim. (vulpes,)
a littlefox.
Vulpes, is, f. afox.
Vultur, 9iris, m. a vulture.
Vultus, As, m. (volo,) the


countenance; the expression;
the look.
X.
Xanthippe, es, f. the wife o1
Socrates.
Xanthippus, i, m. a Lacedcemonian general, who was
sent to assist the Carthaginians in the first Punic
war.
XenocrAtes, is, m. a philosopher of Chalcedon; the successor of Speusippus in the
Academia.
Xerxes, is, mn. a celebrated
king oJ Persia.
Z.
Zama, ve, f. a city of Africa.
Zeno, 6nis, m. a philosopher
of Citium, a town of Cyprus, and founder of the
sect of the Stoics.
Zetes, is, m. a son of Boreas.
Zona, a, f. a girdle; a zone.
Zone, es, f. a city and promontory in the western part
of Thrace, opposite to the
island of Thasus.










EXERCISES
IN LATIN COMPOSITION.
EXERCISEs in Latin composition for beginners cannot be too sim.
ple, nor can they be too soon commenced They are capable, also,
under proper management, of being made one of the most exciting and pleasing, as well as profitable parts of stldy, even to
young pupils. Exercises in considerable variety, and in the sim
plest form, are furnished in the Grammar under each part of speech
As soon as the pupil begins to read and translate, suitable exercises
in Syntax may be drawn from every lesson, and even from every
sentence in which he may be drilled orally with great advantage, by
simply changing the subject from the singular to the plural, or from
the plural to the singular, and again by changing the mood or tense of
the verb, or the active form for the passive, and vice versa. These
may be still farther varied by expressing the same idea in the inter.
rogative or negative form, through all the varieties of mood, tense
number or person, as before.
When the learner has become expert in this exercise, he may advance a step farther, and select from several sentences of his lesson, or from the stock now laid up in his memory, such words as
are capable of forming a new sentence; and this again may be varied ad libitum, as before. To illustrate this-Suppose that the lesson of the day contains the following simple sentence, " Terra parit
flores," " The earth produces flowers," and the class has become
familiar with the inflection of the words in every part, then let them
change the words to correspond to such English sentences as the following:
The earth produced flowers; the earth has produced-had pro.
duced-will produce-may produce-might produce &c. flowers,a flower. Flowers are produced-were produced-have been produced, &c. The earth does not-did not-will not-can not &c.
produce flowers. Flowers are not-were not &c. produced by thu
earth. Are flowers produced-were flowers produced-have flowers been produced &c. by the earth? Are not flowers produced28





8326


EXERCISES 11I


were not flowers produced by the earth? &c., (as before.) Then
again it may be noticed to the pupil that terre, in the plural means
" lands" or " countries." and so may have a plural adjective and a
plural verb, thus; Omnes, multe, qucedam terre pariunt Jlores,
" All," " many," " some, lands produce flowers," &c., through
a similar variety as before. In this manner, and in many othei
ways which will occur to the mind of an active teacher, a class may
be kept actively and even intensely, as well as profitably occupieu
for ten or fifteen minutes, with a few words which, in their various
forms and uses will be indelibly impressed on the mind, while the
memory and judgment are trained to prompt and accurate exercise,
and more real progress made in the study of the language than by
a careless reading of many pages extended through a drawling re.
citation of several days.
As a weekly, semi-weekly, or even daily exercise, pupils might
be encouraged at a very early period to furnish an exercise in writing, framed by themselves from the lesson of the preceding day; or
they may be supplied with English sentences framed from the lesson
by the teacher or some of the more advanced scholars, to be rendered into Latin..In doing this they require no dictionary, and are not
perplexed to know what words to choose, as the words are all before them in the lesson fiom which the exercise is drawn, and they
have only to make the necessary changes in number, mood, tense,
voice, &c., requisite to express the ideas contained in the exercise
to be turned into Latin, in which also they are assisted by the model before them in the lesson, and the knowledge obtained in its
previous study and recitation.
The following are framed from the reading lessons at the places
indicated, as specimens of the kind of exercises here intended. They
rise in gradation from simple unconnected sentences to those of the
nature of a continued narrative, and are sufficient to furnish a
short semi-weekly exercise of this kind during the time necessary
to go through the Reader. They will also form a good preparation for a systematic work on Latin composition





LATIN COMPOSITION.


327


EXERCISES IN SIMPLE SENTENCES.
Change the Latin words in the following sentences so as to correspond to the English following.
1. Fortes laudabuntur, igndvi vituperabuntur.
" Brave men will be praised, cowardly men will be blamed."
Brave men are praised, the cowardly are blamed. Brave
men have always (semper) been praised, cowardly men
blamed. Men praise the brave and blame the cowardly.
Do not (nonne ) men praise the brave and blame the cowardly? A cowardly man will not be praised. A brave man
will not be blamed. We will praise the good. You should
blame the cowardly. Let us praise h the brave and blame
the cowardly. Let the brave be praised. Blame the cowardly.
2. Honos est premium  virtftis.
" Honor is the reward of virtue."
Honor will be the reward of virtue. Honor was, (has been,
had been,) the reward of virtue. Is not honor' the reward
of virtue?  Honors will be the rewards of virtue. Will not
honor always bea the reward of virtue? Let honor always
be a the reward of virtue.
3. Victi Persce in naves confugerunt.
" The Persians being conquered fled to their ships."
The Persians were conquered and fled c to their ships.
When the Persians were conquered d they fled to their ships.
We have conquered the Persians and they have fled to their
ships. If we conquere the Persians they will flee to their
ships. If the Persians should be conqueredf they will flee
to their ships. They say that the Persians were conquered
and fled to their ships.
4. Delectavirunt me epistblce tuce.
" Your letters have delighted me."
Your letters delight me. I am delighted with your letters. Have I not a always been delighted with your letters.
Do my (mece) letters delight you (te). His (ejus) letters will'
always give us pleasure. Our (nostrc) letters do not delight
him. He will be delighted with our letters.


a 56, 3.
b ~ 45, I, 1.


C  115, 1.
S~ 140. Obs. 4.


e ~ 140, 2.
f ~ 77, 3.





S28


EXERCISES IN


The words of the following sentences selected from the Introductory Exercises, pp. 60-79, will be found in the paragraphs indicated by the numbers prefixed. As a further exercise these may be,
varied as in the preceding. Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4.
5. (1.) There are many kings in Europe. Europe has
many kings. There have been many good kings. There
are many suns and Imore stars. Cicero was a good man
and a distinguished consul. (2.) A brave soldier is to be
praised. (3.) An elephant walks. Many sparrows build
nests. The partridge runs. (4.) Black sheep are not found
every where. Africa produces lions. The Romans often
burned their dead. A brave man is not always praised.
The Romans overthrew Carthage and Corinth.
6. (5.) The bear wanders in the forest. A parrot imitates the human voice. (6.) A day has been lost. Flowers are produced by the earth. Athens was liberated by
Miltiades. (7.) Herds of wild asses roam (erro) in the forests
(sylva) of Asia and Africa. The tracks of wild beasts are
diligently traced out by dogs. The variety of languages in
the army of Cyrus was very great. (8.) Animals covered
with wool are stupid, but (sed) they are capable of bearing
cold. Foolish people are not happy. The Gauls were very
brave.a  The lion is the bravest of animals.d
7. (9.) Plato and Socrates were highly esteemed. It is
our custom b to value the good.c  Good men  forget injuries and remember kindnesses. It is the custom of foolish
men to forget kindnesses. (10.) Good men    are an honor
to their country; they are just and benevolent to all.c Nero
was an enemy to the human race. A good man (vir) will
be dear to all, a wicked man (homo) to no one.
8. (11.) Various coverings have been given to animals.
Nature has given avarice and ambition to man alone.
(12.) The Romans for the most part burned their dead.
Homer mentions embroidered garments. (13.) We sometimes find stags of a white color. We have need of philosophy. Men of noble birth are not always of a noble dieposition. Men of depraved disposition are never happy
(nunquamfelix). Be content with few things and thou wilt
be free from cares.


& 24.


b ~108. R X11.   C 19


d ~ 107, R. X





LATIN COMPOSITION.


34 1


9. (14.) Lions eat flesh. Silver and gold are found in
Spain. Men easily want gold and silver, but (sed) not food.
Africa abounds in lions. (16.) The Romans were sent un.
der the yoke. The year was divided into twelve months by
Numa Pompilius.    (17.) Hunger and blows tame wild
beasts. Nightingales change their color in autumn. One
oration of Socrates was sold for twenty talents. (18.) Mithridates, king of Pontus, was received by Tigranes, king
of Armenia.
10. (19.) I desire to live with you. They wished to
sleep. Why do men desire to change their fortune? We
ought to learn to despise wealth. We cannot (we are not
able) to suffer poverty. All men a desire to be loved. (20.)
Men must die."  They had to fight.b  The art of writing c
was invented by the Phenicians. Paper is useful for writing. (21.) Catiline entered into a scheme for raising an
army and destroying the city.
11. (22.) The sun will set and the wolves will come
forth (evenio) to plunder.d  The civil wars were carried on
by Marius and Sulla. All the nations of men have been
and they will be carried off by the power of death. (23.)
Your letters have often been read by me.  The crocodile
lives many years. Glory is thought to follow virtue. Great
things have been undertaken. Our strength will not always
remain.
12. (24.) The disposition of wild beasts is sometimes
more gentle than that of men. (25.) This is the four-horse
chariot which was made of ivory and covered with the wings
of a fly. Fruits are not produced by every field that is sown.
Words are repeated by the parrots e which are sent from India. Men who are mindful of favors will receive (recipio)
favors. (27.) The fig tree is so large that it conceals' troops
of horsemen under it. Do you know      (Num scis,) who
paintedf Alexander. Is it true g (Verumne est) that bulls
are swallowed whole in India by serpents? e Do you know g
how many (quot) men there are in the world? Tell us
(Doce,) when the world was made, and how many worlds
there are.f
19.               d  102.           f ~ 140, 5.
b 113.            e~ 126, Obs. 2.   g 56,3.
c 111





3301


EXERCISES IN


11 (29.) There are some who live a happy; there are
others who are never happy. Is there any one who has not
read" Demosthenes?  Who is there that has not heartd
concerning Caesar?  (30.) It is related that in Latmos scorpions do not hurt strangers, but that they kill the natives.
They say (narrant) that Virgil in his will ordered his poems to be burned, and that Augustus forbade it to be done.
(31.) The approaching day is announced by the crowing of
the cock. The city built by Cecrops was called Cecropia.
It is now called Athens. Many when dying are troubled
with the care of burial.
EXERCISES IN COMPOUND AND CONNECTED SENTENCES.
As an example of the way in which compound and connected sentences may be varitd, the first fable, p. 80 may be changed into the
following forms and translated into Latin corresponding to the English in each.
14. Through fear of a kite a hawk was asked by the
doves to defend b them. When he assented c and was receivedc into the dove-cote greater havoc was made by him
in one day than could have been done d by the kite in many
(multis).
15. The doves were led (ductce sunt) by fear of a kite to
ask" a hawk that he would defend d them. It is said that
he assented b and that, being received into the dove-cote he
caused a much greater slaughter of the doves in one day
than the kite could have caused d in a long time.
16. The doves are said to have asked a hawk whether if
received into the dove-cote he would defend g them from the
kite. He assented and was received; but the slaughter
made in one day by the hawk was greater than could have
been committed d by the kite in a long time.
17. It is related (narrdtur) that when the doves through
fear of a kite requested the hawk to defend b them, he assented; and that being received into the dove-cote a great
havoc was made of the doves in one day.
SS
~ 141, Obs. 1.     ~ 140, Obs. 4.   f 97, 1.
b~ 140, 3,3d&     d 88.             g~ 140. 5.
84.            * 86              h~ 146, R. LX.





LATIN COMPOSITION.


331


IS. (p. 99, &c.) 1. A serpent, the son a of Mars, the keeper of a certain fountain in Baeotia, was killed by Cadmus,
the son of Agenor. For this reason (ob hoc,) all his offspring
were put to death, and he himself was turned into a serpent.
2. All who came into the kingdom of Amycus, the son of
Neptune, were compelled to fight with him, and being conquered were killed. 5. Life is said to have been restoredc
to Hippolytus, the son of Theseus, by -Esculapius, the son
of Apollo.
19. (p. 101, &c.) 10. It is said that Tantalus d was the son
of Jupiter; and that because he told to men the things which
he heard among the gods, he was placed in water in the infernal regions, and always thirsts. Others say, that he is
tormented with perpetual fear, dreading the fall of a stone
which hangs over his head.e 15. The first men are said to
have been formed of clay by Prometheus," the son a of Japetus. It is also said that fire was brought by him from
heaven in a reed, and that he pointed out how it might be
preserved by being covered with ashes.
20. (p. 105, &c.) 19. Europa, the daughter of Agenor, was
carried by Jupiter from Sidon to Crete. When Agenor sent
his sons to bring her back," he told them that unless theii
sister was found they should not return.1 21. Atalanta, the
daughter of Schaneus, was very beautiful. When many
sought her in marriage, the condition was proposed that he
should take" her who should first surpass' her in running.
23. Niobe, the wife a of Amphion, the son  of Jupiter and
Antiope, had seven sons and as many daughters, who were
all slain by the arrows of Apollo and Diana; and Niobe herself was changed into a stone.
21. (p. 109, &c.) 1. Neither the actions nor the thoughts
of men are concealed from the gods. 2. The laws of the
Athenians are said to have been written by Solon. No man
can be esteemed happy in this life, because even to his last
day he is exposed to uncertain fortune. 5. It is said that
Democritus,' to whom m great riches had been left by his
father, gave nearly all his patrimony to his fellow-citizens.
a ~ 97, R.        e ~ 112, R. IV.   i ~ 141, Obs. 8.
b ~ 126, Obs. 2.  f ~ 146, Obs. 6.  k 111.
* 92.             g ~ 140, 1, 2d.    ~ 145, R. LVIII
d ~ 145, Obs. 4.  h ~ 140. 1, 3d.   m~ 126, R. III.





"32


EXERCISES IN


22. (p. 112, &c.) 20. They say that Socrates, who wvns
judged by the oracle of Apollo to be the wisest of all imenri,
was the son of a midwife; and the 'mother of Euripides,
the tragic poet, is said to have sold herbs. 21. A question
being proposed to Homer by a fisherman, which he could
not answer, he is said to have died of vexation. 22. Si.
monides when eighty years b old entered into a musical contest, and obtained the victory. He afterwards (postea,) lived
at Syracuse c on intimate terms with Hiero the king.
23. (p. 116, &c.) 42. When certain persons warned
Philip, king of Macedon, to bewared of one Pythias, a
brave soldier,e but displeased with him,' he is said to have
asked whether, (num) if a part of his body were diseased,g
he should cut hitoffor take care of it. It is said that he' then
called Pythias to him, supplied him with money, and that
after that,none of the king's soldiers were more faithful than
Pythias.k 52. When Dionysius was banished fromr Syracuse, it is said that he went (eo) to Corinth,' where he taught
boys their letters.
24. (p. 120, &c.) 65. Corinth was taken by L. Mummius.
All Italy was adorned with paintings and statues. It is said
that of so great spoils he converted nothing to his own use;
and that when he died, his daughter received a dowry from
the public treasury. 66. A statue of Ennius the poet was
ordered by Scipio Africanus to be placed in the tomb of the
Cornelian gens, because the exploits of the Scipios had
been rendered famous by his poems.
25. (123, &c.) 1. In ancient times Saturn came to Italy
and taught the Italians agriculture. A fort built by him
near Janiculum, was called Saturnia. 2. Troy being overthrown, it is said that JEneas, the son of Anchises, came
into Italy, and was kindly received"' by Latinus, king of those
regions; and that having received the daughter of Latinus
in marriage, he built a city and called it Lavinia. Romulus and Remus, the sons of Rhea Sylvia having been exposed by the order of Amulius, were taken up by Faustulus,
the king's shepherd, and given to his wife to be nursed.
a ~ 107, R. X.    e ~ 97, R.       i~ 145, LVIII.
b~ 131, R. XLI.   f  111,          k~ 120, R.
c~ 130, 1, Exc.   g ~ 140, 2.      1 ~ 130, 2.
* ~ 140, 1, 3d, & 84. h~ 140, 5.    m 104





LATIN COMPOSITION.:313


26. (p. 126, &c.) 12. Rome was built by Romulus and
divided into thirty curise called by the names of the Sabine
women carried off by the Romans. 13. Numa Pompilius,
the second king of Rome, was born at Cures. By hima
laws were given to the state,b many sacred rites were instituted and the manners of the people were softened. He
reigned forty-three years." 14. In the reign of Tullus Hostilius, who succeeded Numa, war was declared against the
Sabines, which was terminated by the battle d of the Horatii
and the Curiatii.
27. (p. 129, &c.) 23. Rome was governed by kings two
hundred and forty-three years.c  23. After that the people created two consuls, who should hold (teneo,e) the government for a year.c Brutus, by whom the kings had been
expelled, and Tarquinius Collatinus, were the first consuls.
24. Warf having been raised against the city by Tarquin,
Brutus was killed in the first battle.
28. (p. 132, &c.) 1. The bravest of the Romans   was
challenged to single combat by a certain Gaul of extraordinary size h of body. The challenge was accepted by T.
Manlius, a young man of noble family, (genus h) who killed
the Gaul and stripped' him of his golden chain. It is
believed (creditur) that both he k and his posterity, from this
circumstance, were called' Torquati.' 2. In a new war
with the Gauls it is related (narratur) that another Gaul k
of remarkable strength h challenged the bravest of the Romans g to fight with" him; that M. Valerius, a tribune of
the soldiers, offered himself, and advanced armed; that a
crow; which had perched on his right shoulder, struck at the
eyes of the Gaul with his wings and talons, and that Valerius, the Gaul," being killed, received the name of Corvinus.
29. (p. 138, &c.) 2. Hannibal, the Carthaginian general,
when nine years old was brought by his father to the altars b
to swear " eternal hatred towards the Romans. 3. It is said
that having left his brother f in Spain, he crossed the Alps
~ 126, Obs. 2.    f ~ 146, R. LX.   k ~ 145, R. LVIII
b~ 126, R. III.   g~ 107, R. X.     i 97, 4.
S~ 131. R. XLI,   h ~ 106, R. VII.  m 103, R. V.
d 129, R.         i ~ 125, R.       n ~ 137,R. LIII. & 84.
e  141, R. II.





334


EXERCISES IN


with (curm) a large army and thirty elephants, and that the
Ligurians joined themselves with him; that he conquered
Scipio, and afterwards Sempronius Gracchus. Soon after
he advanced to Tuscia, where having engaged in battle a
near the lake Trasimenus, he conquered Flaminius the consul, and slew twenty-five thousand of the Romans.b
30. (142, &c.) 3. After Philip, king of Macedonia, died, his
son Perseus prepared great forces, renewed the war against
the Romans, and conquered P. Licinius, the Roman general who had been sent against him. He was afterwards
conquered by.Emilius Paulus, the consul, near Pydna, and
twenty thousand of his infantry were slain. 5. Carthage,
though bravely defendedc by its citizens, was taken and
destroyed by Scipio, in the seven hundredth year after it
was built, and in the six hundred and eighth year from the
building of Rome.
31. (p. 145, &c.) 1. In the war carried on against Jugurtha,
the Romans were in great fear that d the Gauls would again
get possession of the city. For this reason Marius was
made consul a third and a fourth time. In two battles two
hundred thousand of the enemy were slain, and eighty thousand taken prisoners. For this meritorious conduct a fifth
consulship was conferred on Marius, in his absence.c  C.
Marius and Qu. Catulus fought against the Cimbri and the
Teutones, who had passed over *into Italy, slew forty thousand and took sixty thousand of his army near Verona.
32. (150, &c.) 6. Lucius Sergius Catiline is said to have
been a man of a very noble family,e but of a most depraved
disposition.e It is related (traditur) that he and certain illustrious, but daring men, enteredf into a conspiracy for
destroying their country; that he was driven from the city
by Cicero, who was then consul, and his companions seized
and strangled in prison. 7. Nearly all Gaul was conquered
by Cesar in the space of nine years. The war was afterwards carried into Britain, and the Germans were conquered
in great battles.
~ 146, R. LX.     d ~ 140, Obs. 6.  f ~ 102. R. I
b~ 107, R. X.      ~ 106. R. VII.   g ~ 112,3.
c ~ 146, Obs. 6





LATIN COMPOSITION.


33.5


33. (p. 154, &c.) 1. The three parts into which the whole
world was divided, are Europe, Asia, and Africa. The
straits of Gibraltar separate Europe from Africa. 2. The
boundary of Europe on the east is the river Tanais and the
Euxine sea; on the south the Mediterranean sea, on the
west the Atlantic ocean. 3. Spain lies towards the west. It
is rich and fertile. In the region of Batica, men, horses,
iron, lead, brass, silver and gold abound. 4. The Phocaei having left Asia,a sought new settlements in Europe.
34. (p. 157, &c.) 11. The country beyond the Rhine, as
far as the Vistula, is inhabited by the Germans, who are
said to carry on war with their neighbors, not that they may
extend b their limits, but from the love C of war.  12. It is
said that the Germansd do not pay much attention to Agriculture. Their food (cibus) is milk, cheese, and flesh. They
erect their houses near (ad) some spring, or plain, or forest;
and after a while they pass on to another place. Sometimes
also they pass the winter in caves.
35. (p. 161, &c.) 24. Greece is more celebrated than any
other nation ine the world, both for the genius of its people,
and for their studyf of the arts of peace and of war. Many
colonies were led from it unto all parts of the world. 25.
Macedonia was rendered illustrious by the reign of Philip
and Alexander, by whom both Greece and Asia were subdued to a very great extent; and the government, taken
from the Persians,g was transferred to the Macedonians.
36. (p. 162, &c.) 29. No region in Greece is more renowned for the splendorf of its fame than Attica.e  There
Athens is built; a cityh concerning which the gods are said
to have contended. So many poets, orators, philosophers;
so many men, illustrious in every species of excellence,
were produced by no other city in the world. There the
arts of peace were cultivated to such a degree, that her renown from these was even more conspicuous' than (quam)
her glory in war. The harbor of Pirzus, connected with
the city by long walls, was fortified by Themistocles, and
affords (prc-bet) a safe anchorage for ships.
a ~ 104, & ~ 146,  d ~ 145, R. LVIII.  g ~ 126, R. III.
R. LX.         t ~ 120, R.       h ~ 97, R. I.
b~ 140, 1.        f ~ 128, R.        ~ 140, 1, 1st.
S~ 129. R.





336


EXERCISES.


37. (163, &c.) 30. It is said that Thebes, a most celebra.
led city, was surrounded with walls by Aruphion, by the"
aid  of music. It was rendered illustrious by the genius "
of Pindar and the valor of Epaminondas. 31. The city ot
Delphi was renowned for the oracle of Apollo, which had
great authority among all nations, and was enriched (made
rich) with numerous and splendid presents from all parts of
the world. It is said that the tops of Mount Parnassus,
which hangs over the city C are inhabited by the Muses.
38. (170, &c.) 48. It is believed that Troy, a city d renowned for the war b which it carried on with the whole of
Greece for ten years,e was situated at the foot of Mount Ida.
From this mountain, rendered illustrious by the judgment
of Paris in the contest of the goddesses, flowedf the rivers
Scamander and Simois. 49. The Carians are said to have
been so fond of war, that they carried - on the wars of other
people for hire. 50. The water of the river Cydnus is very
clear h and very cold.'
39. (172, &c.) 54. Babylon, the capital of the Chaldean
nation, was built by Semiramis or Belus. It is said that
its walls," built of burnt brick,' are thirty-two feet' broad,
and that chariots " meeting each other pass without danger;
that the towers are ten feetm higher than the walls. The
tower of Babylon is said to have been twenty stadia in circumference. 56. India produces very large animals. No
dogs are so large as those which are produced there. The
serpents are said to be so monstrous that elephants are
killed g by their bite b and the coiling round of their bodies.
1 ~ 126, Obs. 2.    ~ 131, R. XLI.    ~ 129, Obs. 2.
b ~ 129, R.          102, R. I.       ~ 132, R. XLI.
# ~ 112, R. IV.   g ~ 140 1, 1st.   m~ 132, R. XLIII.
d4 97, R.         h 24.               ~ 155, R. LVIII.


[TIMB END.