INCLUDING A CLASSIFIED SUMMARY OF THE IMPORTANT. EXECUTIVE LEGISLATIVE, AND POLITICO]IILITAIlIY FACTS OX TIE: PLRIOD, FROM'RESIDENT JO HNS0 N'S ACCESRSION, APRIL 15, 1865, Tro J ULY 4, 1866; AND CONTAINING A FULL RECORD OF THE ACTION OF EACH BRANCH OF THE GOVERNMENT ON ECO ON STI RUC T I ON. BY EDWARD MCPHERSON, Clerk of the House of Represenrtives of the United States. WASHINGTON, D. 0.: PE -L:P. &: SOjooa;j0-0 _S-MT 1866. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1866, by EDWARD McPHERSON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the District of Columbia. Stereotyped by MeGILL & WITHEROW, Washingtoin, D. C. PREFACE. This Manual has been prepared, in order to present, in compact and convenient form, the important Political Facts of the period to which it refers. It will be found* to contain Messages, Proclamations, Orders, Telegrams, Speeches, Bills, Propositions, Reports, Constitutional Amendments, Votes, Platforms, and sundry Miscellaneous Matters required to make the Record complete. It is necessarily confined to those facts which illu-strate the positions of parties; and to those propositions upon which votes were taken, and to the more significant of the latter class. Much material, interesting in itself as part of the history of the times, and as showing the precise views of persons, has been omitted, in obedience to this rule. I hope, in a future work, to develop these various features of current history. The action of all parties on Reconstruction will be found full, and especially pertinent to present issues. This Record covers the agency of the President, the responses of the people of the lately insurrectionary States, and the judgment of Congress, with the elaborated views of each. The Tabular Statements at.the close of the Volume have been prepared with direct reference to the topics to be discussed this fall. That giving the Votes on each Tariff since, and including that of, 1816, by States and Sections, will be conceded to be a valuable and interesting contribution to the history of the subject; and that respecting Representation, and the effect of proposed Amendments to the Constitution, will be of highest utility. A glance at the Table of Contents will show the scope of the Work, and the variety of facts embraced. In the votes given, the names of Democrats are placed in italic, that results may be readily analyzed. Tle whole Manual, it is hoped, will be found adapted to th#purposes which prompted its preparation. EDWARD MoPHERSON. WASHINGTON CITY, July 12, 1866. TABLE' OF CONTENTS. I. onstitation of the Unite d States —Mr. Messages of Presi.dent Johnsona-tbn^&cue Sowvard's Certificate of the Ratification On the condition of the late Tnsurreexof theA ti —laveryAmendiment -............... 1-6 tionary,States, andc General Grant's II President Johnspn's Orders and Procla- accoamipaii-inog Report-V eto of the mations............... 7-18 Freecemen's B.lureau Bill, witll Copy, and Viltes V(to of the Civil tig-hts.: Retf)ecting Coommfercial intercourse- d Vt>-s-Ato o tle Civil -Rihts Bill, w ih Copy, and Votes —eo of Trial and Punishment of the Assas- ll, vitl C Bpy, ai Votes-Veto of sins of Abraham Lincoln-Arrest of tle Conaco Bill, with Copy, Cnd -eesoVotes-Message on tihe proposed Con-.Jeherson Davis, Clement C. Clay, andt others-To-re-establish the Authority of the. United States in Virginia- VII. aority and ainority leports of the q uialtiofsP-Th'B locki le- MAmnesty — Joint Coamiitte oin lReconstruction...... 84-101 N ations"-Tlie Bltockad-AminestyAppointing Provisional Governor for V11i. Votes on Proposed Constitutional Norlth Caroiliia, and otther Insurrec- Amendments........................... 102-1 tiona.ry Stxates- lreedmnen-Stippres- On Constitutional Amendment as sion'o.f Rebellion in Tennessee-Pa- finally adopted-The Accompanving roled Prisoners~-lMartial-Law.witl~- Bills-The. Amendment, oil Repredrawn -firon Kntucky-Annulling sentatiol and Direct Taxes-On.epr the Suspension of the:- Icbe&4s (r- resentat ion' On Immunnities of C(itipus-.Delaring the lebeltlion Ended zens-On Tennessee-On Rebel Debt. -A Apppointmelnts:t Oi ce-Tr ials by Militalry Conts -Atao stce -Trenianb i$. I emobers of the Cabinet of President:lianvaCSiono tsCanad aint.'t t eI Johnson, and of the 39th Congress, and of.nvsio 01 - Cnadk. Claimants of Seats therein.................. 17-109 III. Action of the Conventions:and Legis- - Votes in the olse of Representatives o latures of the Lately Insurrectionary Political esoltis....................... 10114 States...................................... 218-.8....publi.Debt~Punshmenfc o S~$tates --------- -—. —,.-@ 2 uOn Public Debt Punishment of Proclamations of Provisional Gverl - G Treason —Representation ofllately Innors-Elections of- Conventions, and s: - surrectioniarv States-Elective FranOrdinances thereof-Enactments of chise in the States-Test ()ath-'rest Legislatures —Telegrams otPresident Oath forLt'awyers-Endorsement of Johnson and Secretary Seward re- the Presicent's Policy-Withdrawal spectingthe Rebel eht,.ColoredSut — of Military Forces-Leegal Effeet of frage, Anti-Slavery Amendment, Ad- Rebellion-Duty of Cong ress-Writ mission to Congres o ntos oand of i iabecos Corpus-Thanks to the Reprosen totives elect —ore sid.hk t inth Representatives elect —President Lin- President -Recognition of State Govcoin's Letter1 tou Governor HIahn, ernment of North Carolina-Trial of MarchI' 1,i84, on-Colored ufMfrae, Jefferson Davis-Neutrality-The Feand his Telegram of April 12, 1865, nians: prohibiting the meeting of the rebel legislature of Virginia.. XI. Votes on Political Bills..................... 114-117 Suffrage in District of ColumbiaIV. Legislation respecting Freedmen:..... 29-44 Extending the Homestead Actl —raIn North Carolina-Mississippi~- besas Corp2us- WV est Virginia BillGeorg ia-Alabama-Soutlih (Car lina, Elective 1 ita.nnrhise in the Territories. and General Sickles's Order relative thereto-Florida-Virginia, and Gen- and ilitary ellaoral Terry's: Order suspendlcling the no.17-124 eral Terry's(,, Order. suspendingrthe neo s.................................... q................... 117-124 Vagrant A.ct-Tennessee-Texas- U nin Natiotia l Platform of 1864Louisiana Deioiorlic N ational. Platfbrm of 18;i! —- (ilal {,r National Union ConV. President Johnson's, Ivntierviews 1and veLii, 8 —Addressof )emocrftic -Speeches.......... - -41 — -- -- 4-6'3.M rr l(.,:i'r,ol' ('ongress, 1866-Elec ions Remarks to citizens of Indiana- of 186 i; —-le's Surrender to GrantNa~shville Speech, June 9, 1864-To Ilhe Slherman-Johnston Agreenlent, Vi.rginia Refuigees- Inte rview wvith atnli its )idisapproval-Granl's Orders Ge(rpge L.' SteaPrns-yAddress to Col- --- l 1nnsylvannia and MarylandPlIatored So.ldiers, October 10, 186i5-nter- firrms,t"r; 18 -Convention of Southview with S enator Dixon-With Col- er11 U(nionists. ored Delegation repcti resp ng Suffrage, Tblr tatemnts on Xopresentawith Ileply of —Remarks toCommiot — resent tee of tile Virnginia -Leglislhture- tion, Tariff, and the Public Debt........2.....5-12 Speech of February22.i866-To the (e T hs s Tables showing. Population, Colored People of the District of Co- V(t6 ing Iopulation, Present Appor-.unibia. tiolnment, anld effect of proposed -'- -: "* -::.- c. la-n.(di es —lllTable of Votes, by States VIa.Annualn, Speial, end Vetao-' iessa-g.esP of al Srd soctions, on ther Tariffs of 1816, Presidelnt Joh son, with Copiei:. tihe Ve- 1824l 8 182S, 183, 1842, 1846, 1857, 1861, toe i.a ills, anl tho Votes onfi thin...... 64- 84 1864, and the Bll of 18866-The Public Annlual Message, DIecember 4, 1865- Debt, June 1 1866. POLITICAL MANUAL FOR 1866. I.' CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. WE the People of the United States, in order to of shall issue Writs of Election to fill such Vaform a more perfect Union, establish Justice, cancies. insure domestic Tranquillity, provide for the The House of Representatives shall chuse their common defence, promote the generalWelfare, Speaker and other Officers; and shall have the and secure the Blessings of Liberty to our- sole Power of Impeachment. selves and our Posterity, do ordain and estab- SEC. 3. The Senate of the United States shall lish this CONSTITUTION for the United States be composed of'two Senators from each State, of: America. chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six Years; and each Senator shall have one Vote. ARTICLE I. ARTCL -", ~~ -Immediately after they shall be assembled in SECTION 1. All legislative Powers herein Consequence of the first Election, they shall be granted shall be vested in a Congress of the divided as equally as may be into three Classes. United States, which shall consist of a Senate The Seats of the Senators of the first Class shall and. House of Representatives. be vacated at the Expiration of the second Year, SEC. 2. The House of Representatives shall be of the second Class at the Expiration of the composed of Members chosen every second Year fourth Year, and of the third Class at the Expiby the People of the several States, and the Elec- ration of the sixth Year, so that one-third may tors in each State shall have the Qualifications be chosen every second Year; and if Vacancies requisite for Electors of the most numerous happen by Resignation, or otherwise, during the Branch of the State Legislature. Recess of the Legislature of any State, the Ex-No Person shall be a Representative who ecutive thereof may make temporary Appointshall not have attained to the Age of twenty- ments until the next Meeting of the Legislature, five Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of which shall then fill such Vacancies. the United States, and who shall not, when No Person shall be a Senator who shall not elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which have attained to the Age of thirty Years, and he shall be chosen. been nine Years a Citizen of the United States, Representatives and direct Taxes shall be ap- and who shall not, wlien elected, be an Inhabportioned among the several States which may itant of that State for which he shall be chosen. be included within this Union, according to The Vice Presidentof the United States shall their respective Numbers, which shall be deter- be President of the Senate, but shall have no mined by adding to the whole Number of free Vote, unless they be equally divided. Persons, including those bound to Service for a The Senate shall chuse their other Officers, Term of Years, and excluding Indians not-taxed, and also a President pro tempore, in the Absence three fifths of all other Persons. The actual of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise Enumeration shall be made within three Years the Office of President of the United States. after the first Meeting of the Congress of the The Senate shall have the *sole Power to try United States, and within every subsequent all Impeachments. When sitting for that PurTerm of ten Years, in such Manner as' they pose, they shall be on Oath or Affirmation. shall by Law direct. The Number of Repre- When the President of the United States is tried, sentatives shall not exceed one for every thirty the Chief Justice shall preside: And no Person Thousand, but each State shall have at Least shall be convicted without the Concurrence of one Representative; and until such enumera- two thirds of the Members present. tion shall be made, the State of New Hampshire Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not shall be entitled to chuse three, Massachusetts extend further than to. removal from Office, and eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations' Disqualification to hold and enjoy any Ofice of one, Connecticut five, New' York six, New Jer- honour, Trust or Profit under the United States: sey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, but the Party convicted shall nevertheless bo Maryland six, Virginia ten; North Carolina five, liable and subject to Indictment, Trial, Judgsouth Carolina five, and Georgia three, ment and Punishment, according to Law. When vacancies happen in the Representation SEC. 4. The Times, Places and- Manner of holdfrom any State, the Executive Authority there- ing Elections for Senators and Representatives, '2 POLITICAL MANUAL. shall be prescribed in each State by the Legisla- mined by yeas and Nays, and the Names of the ture thereof; but the Congress may at any time Persons voting for and against the Bill shall be by Law make or alter such Regulations, except entered on the Journal of each House respecas to the place of chusing Senators. tively. If any Bill shall not be returned by The Congress shall assemble at least once in the President within ten Days (Sundays exevery Year, and such Meeting shall be on the cepted) after it shall have been presented to him, first Monday in December; unless they shall by the Same shall be a law, in like Manner as if he Law appoint a different Day. had signed it, unless the Congress by their AdSEc. 5. Each House shall be the Judge of the journment prevent its return, in which Case. it Elections, Returns and Qualifications of its own shall not bea Law. Members, and a Majority of each shall consti- Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to which tute a Quorum to do Business; but a smaller the Concurrence of the Senate and House of Number may adjourn from day to day, and may Representatives may be necessary (except on a be authorized to compel the Attendance of ab- question of Adjournment) shall be presented to sent Members, in such' Manner, and under such the President of the United States; and before Penalties as each House may provide. the Same shall take Effect, shall be approved by Each House may determine the Rules of its him, or being disapproved.by him, shall be reProceedings, punish its Members for disorderly. passed by two-thirds of the Senate and House Behaviour, and, with the Concurrence of two of Representatives, according to the Rules and thirds, expel a Member. Limitations prescribed in the Case of a Bill. Each House shall keep a Journal of its: Pro- SEc.'8.'The Congress shall have Power ceedings, and from time to time'publish the To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and same, excepting such Parts as may in their Judg- Excises, to pay the' Debts "and provide for the ment require Secrecy;: and the Yeas and Nays of common Defence and general Welfare of the the Members of either House oft any question United States:; but all Duties, Imposts'and'Exshall, at the Desire of one fifth of those Present, cises shall' be uniform throughout the United be entered on the Journal. States; Neither'House',during the Session of Congress, To borrow Money on the credit of' the United shall, without the Consent of the other, adjourn States formore than three days, nor to any other Place To regulate Commece thforeign Nations, than thatin whichthe two Houses shallbe sitting. and among the several. States,'and with the In-.SEC. 6. The Senators and Representatives shall dian Tribes; receive a Compensation for their Services, to be To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalizaascertained by Law, and paid out of -the Treas- tion, and uniform Laws on the subject of Bankuryof the United States. They shall in all ruptcies throughout th'e United States'; Cases, except Treason, Felony and Breach of the To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof,' Peace, be privileged from Arrest during their and of foreign Coin, and ix the' Standard of Attendance at the Session of their respective Weights and Measures; Houses, and in going to and returning from the To provide for the Punishment of countersame; and for any Speech or Debate in either feiting the Securities and current Coin of the House, they shall not be questioned in any other United States; Place.'To establish Post Offices and post Roads; No Senator or Representative shall, during To promote the progress of Science and usethe Time for which he was elected, be appointeO[ ful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Auto any civil Office under the Authority of the thors and Inventors the exclisive Rightto their United States, which shall have been created, respective Writings and Discoveries; or the Emoluments whereof shall have been en- To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme creased during such time; and no Person hold- Court; ing any Office under.the United States, shall be To define and punish Piracies and Felonies a Member of either House during his Continu- committed on the high Seas, and Offences against ance in Office. the Law of Nations; SEc. 7. All Bills for raising.Revenue shall To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and originate in the House of Representatives; but Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures the Senate may propose or concur with Amend- on Landnand Water; ments as on other.Bills.' To raise and support Armies, but no ApproEvery Bill whichlhall have passed the House priation of Money t'8 that Use shall be for a. of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before longer Term than two years; it.becomes a Law, be presented to the President To provide and maintain a Navy; of the United States; If he approve he shall sign To make Rules for the Government and Reguit,'but if not he shall return it, with his Objec- lation of the land and naval Forces; tions to that House in which it'shall have origi- To provide for calling forth'the Militia to nated, who shall enter the Objections at large on execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insur-. their Journal, and proceed to.reconsider it. If rectibns and repel Invasions; after such Reconsideration two thirds of that To provide for organizing, arming, and disHouse shall agree to pass the Bill,.it shall be ciplining, the Militia, and'for governing such sent, together with the Objections, to the other Part of them as may be employed in the Service House, by which it shall:likewise be reconsid- of the United States, reserving to the States ered, and.if approved by two thirds' of that respectively, the Appointrment of the Officers, and' House, it shall become a Law..But:in all such the Authority of training the Militia according Cases the Votes of both Houses shall be deter- to the Discipline prescribed'by Congress; CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 3 To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases Agreement or Compact with another State, or whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding with a foreign Power, or engage in War, unless ten Miles square) asmay, byGCession of particular actually invaded, or in such imminent Danger States, and the Acceptance of Congress, become: as will not admit of Delay. the Seat of the Government of the United States, ARTICLE II. and to exercise like Authority over all Places eectivePower shall e vested SEC. 1. The executive Power shall be vested purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of America the State in which the Same shall be, for the.in a President ofttie United States of America. the State in which the Same shall be, for the He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, Dock- together hth Vice President Yards, and other needful Buildings -And Years, and, together ith the Ve President, Y:ards, and otheri needful Buildingss And chosen for the same term, be elected as follows To make all Laws which shall be necessary Each State shall appoint in such Manner as Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as and proper for carrying into Execution the. fore- the Legislature- thereof may. direct, a Number of going Powers, and all other Powers vested b Electors, equal to thewholeNumber ofSenator this Constitution in the Government of the United eresetats to t he State m aybe entitled in the Congress; but. no Senator or States, or in any Department or Officer thlereof. en entheongresso but no Senator SEC. 9. The Migration or Importation of such SEC. 9. The Migratio or Importation of such. Representative, or person holding an Office of Persons as any of the States n'ow existing shall or Profit und e United States shall be think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by appointed an Elector. the Congress prior to the Year one thousand eight e Electors shall mee in their respective hundred and eight, but a Tax.or Duty may be. States, and vote by Ballot for two Persons, of imposed on such Importation, not exceeding ten w oe at et allot be an Inhabitant whom one at least shall not be an Inhabitant dollars for each Pers~on.,' of the same'State with themselves..And they The Privilege of the, Writ of Habeas Corpus TheParnvilege of the, unltofes Habeas s orpuf shall make a list of all the Persons voted for, shall not be suspended, unless when in dases of and of the Number of Votes for each. which Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may re- Listthey shall sign and certify, and transmit Nqo.uire itl, A'ti-i ept shall-' 1sealed to the Seat of the Government of the No Billof Attainderor expost facto Law shall United States, directed to the President of the be passed. heid, pa3-sse i Tax sh Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in No Capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be the presence of the Senate and House of Replaid, unless in Proportion to the Census or -Enuresentatives, open all the Certificates, and the meration herein before directed to be taken. meration herein before directed Votes shall then be counted. The Person hayNo Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles ex- greabte.s ll b podfrom any State..ing the greatest Number of Votes shall be the.ported ^ Prfrnc sall be gie b an President, if such Number be a Majority of the o Preference shallbe given by any Regula- whole Number of Electors appointed; and if tion of Commerce or Revenue to the Ports of one who have such Majority, State over those of another; nor shall Vessels' and have an equal Number of Votes, then the bound to, or from, one State, be obliged to enter, Houe o Representatives shall immediately clear, or pay Duties in another. e of them o resident; and chuse by Ballot one of them for President and No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, if no Person have a Majority, then from the but in Consequence of Appropriations made by higest on the List said ouse shall in Law; and a regular Statement and | Account of five highest on the List the said House shall in Law; and a regular Statement and Account of M c the Receipts and Expenditures of all public like anner chuse te Presi ent. But in chusing the President, the Votes shall be taken by No T ofNo shall be publse gnted by the. States, the Representation from each State havNo Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United States: and no Personholdng any Office ing one Vote; A' Quorum for this Purpose shall United States: and no Person holding any Office consist of a Member or Memhers from two-thirds of Profit or Trust under them, shall, without of the States, and a Mabrity of al the tats the Consent of the Congress, accept of any pres- sh e Snees ary to a Choice. I eey Cae ent, Emolument, Office, or Title, of'any kind shall be necessary to a Choice. In every Case, ent, Emolument, Office or Title, of anyf ind after the Choice of the President, the Person whtever, from any.ing,.Prince, or foreign having the greatest Number of Votes of the. ^^'State.'' -NT ^4.^ T. n +rp Electors shall be the Vice President.'But if SEC. 10..No State shall enter into any Treaty, thereshouldremaintwoormorewhohaveequal Alliance, or Confederation; grant Letters of there should ain two or more who he equal Marque and Reprisl coin Mny Vemit Bills otes, the Senate shall chuse from them by Marque and Reprisal; coin Money; emit Bills of Credit; make any Thing but gold and silver Ballot the Vice President. The Congress may determine the Time of Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts; pass-any Co ngress may determine the Tim o i Bill of Attainder ex post factoLaw, or Law chusing the Electors, and the Day on which Bill of Attainder, ex post facto Law, or Law impairing the Obligation of Contracts, or grnt they shall give their Votes; which Day shall be impairing theof Nobiligatio of- C s o the same throughout the United States. any Title of Nobility. o State shall, without the consent of the No Person except a natural born Citizen, or a No State shall, without the consent of the Citizen of the United States, at the time of.the Congress, lay any Imposts or Duties on Imports Cdotion of th is Cnstitution, ha l: e ei giblem or' Exports, except what may.yb~e absolutely ne-Adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible or, Exports', except wtat may.tbe absolutely ne- cessary for executing it's inspection-Laws: and the net Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laid ersonbe eligible to thatOfficwhoshal not by any State on Imports or Exports, shall be have attained to the Age of thirty-five Years, and been fourteen'Years a Resident within the for the Use of the Treasury of the United States; n fourteen Years a Resident within the and all such Laws shall be subject to the Revis- United States. ion and Controul of the Congress. In Case of the Removal of the President from'on and Controul of the Congress..No'State' shall, without th~e Consent of Con- Office, or of his Death, Resignation, or Inability ~ No State shall, without the Consent of Convress, lay any Duty of Tonnage, keep Troops, or i cluse of the Constitution has been annulled. ee lhips of War in time of Peace, enter into any twelfth article of the Amendmenta, 4 POLITICAL MANUAL. to discharge the Powers and Duties of the said ARTICLE III. Office, the same shall devolve on the Vice Presi-_ SEC. 1. The judicial Power of the United dent, and.the Congress may by Law provide for States, shall be vested in one supreme ]Court, and' the Case of Removal, Death, Resignation,, or In- in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from ability, both of the President and Vice President, time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, declaring what Officer shall then act'as Presi- both of the' spreme'and inferior Courts, shall dent, and such Officer shall act accordingly,.hold their Offices during good Behavior, and' until the Disability be'remved, or a President shall;: at stated Times, receive for their Services shiall be elected:. -~i::ori~~:enl a Caomphen'sation, which shall not be diminished The President shall, at stated Times, receive during theirontinuance in ffice. for his'Services,:a: Compensation, which shall' SEC.;2. Theudicial Ptwer shall'extend to all neither be encreasednor diminiished during the cases, inLaw and Equity, arising under this ConPeriod'for which'he'shall hhave'been, electeed, stitution, theLaws of'the U.nited States, and and he shall'not' receive"' within that Period any Treaties made, or''which shall be made, under other Emolument from the United' States;, or any their Authority;-to all' Cases affecting Ambasof them. sadors, other public Ministers, and Consuls;-to'Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, all Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdicheshall take the following Oath or Affirmation:- tion;-to Controversies to which the United "I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will States shall be a Party;-to'Controversies befaithfully execute the Office of President of' th tween two or more States; —between a State and United States, and will' to the best ofmy Ability, zens f ther St etween Citizens ofanother tat between Citizens preserve, protect and defend the Constitution'of different States,-between'Citizens of the same the United States.'" State claiming Lands under Grants of different: SEC. 2. The President shall be Commander in States, and. between a State or the Citizenis Chief of the Army and'Navy' of the United thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects. States, and of the' Militia of the several States,'In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other pubwhen called into the actual Service of the United lie Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a States; he may require the Opinion, in writing, State shall be Party,the supreme Court shall of the'principal Officer in each of the executive have original. Jurisdiction. In all the other Departments, upon any Subiect relating to the Cases before mentioned' the supreme Court shall Duties of their respective Offices, and he shall have appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law and have Power to'grant Reprieves and Pardons for Fact, with such' Exceptions, and under such Offences against the United States, except in Regulations as the Congress shall make. Cases of Impeachm'ent. - The Trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of He shall have Power, by and with theAdvice Impeachment, shall be'by Jury;'and such Trial and Conssent. of the Senate, to m:ke'Treaties-, shall be held in the: State'where the said Crimes provided two thirdts of the Senators present shall have been' committed but when not cornconcur; and he shall nominate, and by and mitted within any State, the Trial shall be at with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall such Place or Places as the Congress may by' appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers La whave directed. and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and SEc. 3. Treason against the UnitedStates, shall all other Officers of the'United States, whose *consist only in'levying War against them, or in Appointments are notherein otherwise provided adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and for, and which shall be established by Law: —-but Comfort. No Person shall be convicted of Treathe Congress may by Law vestthe Appointment son unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses of' such inferior Officers,'as theythink proper, in to the same overt A.ct, or on Confession in open, the President alone,'in the Courts of Law, or in Court. the Heads of Departments. The Congress shall have Power to.declare the The President shall have Power to fill up all Punishment of Treason,'but no Attainder of Vacancies'that may happen during the Recess Treason shall work:Corruption of Blood, or Forof the Senateby. granting Commis.ions whicl feiture except during the Life of the Person atshall expire at the End of their nixt Session. tainted. SEG. 3. He shall from time to time give. to the ARTICLE, IV. Congress Information of the State of the Union, SEC. 1. Full Faith and Credit shall by given and ecmmend to their Consideration such in each State to, the public Acts, Records, and' M-easures as he shall judge.necessary and expe- judicial Proceedings of every other State. And dient;'he may, o0n extraordi.nary:Occasions,.con- the Congress may by general Laws prescribe th. vene'-:both Houses,' or'either of them, and in Manner ih whicl suchli Acts, Recotrds and ProCase of Disagreeiment bet ween them, withl Re- ceedings shall be proved, and the Effect thereof. spect to.'the'Time of Adjournment, he may SEc. "2. The Citizens of each State shall be enadjourn them to such' Time. as he shall think titled'to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens' proper: he-shall receive Ambassadors and other in. thle:severa lStates.' public Ministers; and. he:shall. take Care that'A Person' charged in any State with Treason, the Laws be'faithfully executed, andl he shall Felony,'r other rime, who shall flee from Jus Commissionmall the officers. of the United States. tice, and be found in another State, shall: on" SEC. 4.'. The President, Vice President and all Demand of thie executive Authority of the Staty civil Officers of the United States, shall be re- from which he fled, be delivered up, to be re-r moved from Office' on' Impeachment for, and moved to the State having' Jurisdiction of the Convictioi of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crime...h Crimes and Misdemeanors, No Person heldeto servic'or Labour in. ona CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. b State, under the Laws thereof, escaping into ARTICLE. VII. another, shall, in Consequence of any Law or The Ratification of the Conventions of nine Regulation therein, be discharged from such Ser- States, shall be sufficient for the Establishment.vice or Labour, but shall be delivered up on of this Constitution between the States so ratifyClaim of the Party to whom such Service or ing the Same. Labour may be.due...... SE. 3. New States may be admitted by the Amendments. Congress into this Union; but no. new State shall ART. 1. Congress shall make no law respectbe formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of ing an establishment of religion, or prohibiting any other State; nor any State formed by the the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freeJunction of two or more States, or Parts of States, dom of speech, or of the press; or the right of without the Consent of the Legislatures of the the people peaceably to assemble, and to petiStates concerned as well as of the Congress. tion the Government for: a redress of grievances..The Congress shall have Power to dispose of ART. 2. A well regulated Militia, being necesand make all needful Rules and Regulations sary to the security of a free State, the right of' respecting the Territory or other Property, be- the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be loonging to the United States; and nothing in infringed. this Constitution shall be.so construed as to Pre- ART. 3. No Soldier shall, in time of peace be judice any Claims of the United States, or of any quartered in any house, without the consent of particular State.., the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner SEC. 4. The United States shall guarantee to to be prescribed by law..every State in this Union a Republican Form of ART 4. The right of the people to be secure (government, and shall protect each of them in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against Invasion; and on Application of the against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Le- not be violated, and no Warrantsshall issue, but islature cannot be convened) against domestic upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirViolence. mation, and particularly describing the place ARTICLE V. to be searched, and the persons or things to be',The Congress, whenever'two thirds of both' seized. Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose ART. 5. No person shall be held to answer for Amendments to this Constitution, or, on the AV- a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on 1plication. of the Legislatures of two thirds of the a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, several States, shall call a Convention for pro- except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, jposing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall or in the Militia, when in actual service in time be valid to all Intents and Purposes, as Part of of War r or public danger; nor shall any person this Constitution, when ratified by'the Legisla- be subject for the same offence to be twice put tures of three fourths of the several States, or in jeopardyof life or limb; nor shall be comby Conventions in three fourths thereof, as the pelled in any Criminal Case to'be a. witness one or the other Mode of Ratification may be against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, proposed by the Congress; Provided that no or property, without due process of law; nor Amendment which may be made prior to the shall private property be taken for public use, Year one thousand eight hundred and eight without just compensation. shall in any Manner affect the first and fourth ART. 6. In all criminal prosecutions, the aeClauses in the Ninth Section of the first Article;, cused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and puband that no State, without its Consent, shall be lie trial, by an impartial jury of the State and deprived of its equal Suffrage in the Senate, district wherein the crime shall have been com-. mitted, which district shall have been previously ARTICLE VI.; - ascertained by law, and to'be informed of the All Debts Contracted and Engagements en- nature and cause of the accusation; to be contered into,. before the Adoption of this Constitu- fronted with the witnesses against him; to have tion, shall be as valid against. the,United States Compulsory process for obtaining Witnesses in tinder this Constitution, as under the Confedera- his favour, and to have the Assistance of Countion..,: sel for his defence. This Constitution, and the.Laws ofthe United ART. 7. In Suits at common law, where the States which shall be made in Pursuance there- value in controversy shall exceed twenty dolof; and all Treaties made, or'which shall be lars, the right of.trial'by jury shall be preserved, made, under the authority of.the.United States, and no.fact tried by a jury shall be.otherwise shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the re-examined in any Court of the United States, Judges in every, State shall be bound thereby, than according to the rules of the common law. any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any ART. 8. Excessive bail shall not be required, State to the Contrary notwithstanding., nor excessive fines beimposed, nor cruel and unThe Senators and Representatives before men- Uusual'punishments inflicted. tioned, and the Members of tlie severalA State: ART. 9. The enumeration in.the Constitution, Legislatures, and all eiecutive and judicial Offi- of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny cers, both of the United States and of. the.several'or disparage others retained by the people. States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, ART. 10. The powers not delegated to the to support this Constitution; but no religious United States by the Constitution, nor prohibiTest shall ever'be required as a Qualification ted by it to the States, are reserved to the States to any Office or public Trust under the United respectively, or to the people. States. ART. 11. The Judicial power of the United 6 POLITICAL MANUAL. States shall not be construed to extend to any "A resolution submitting to the Legislatures suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted of the several States' a proposition to amend the against one of the United.States by Citizens of Constitution of the United States. another State, or. by Citizens or Subjects of. any "Resolved by the Senate and- House of ReepreForeign State... sentatives of.the United States of America in ART. 12. The Electors shall meet in their Congress assembled, (two-thirds of both Houses respective states, and vote by ballot for Presi- concurring,) That the following article be prodent and Vice-President, one'of whom, at least, posed:to the Legislatures of the several States as shall not be an inhabitant of the same state an amendment to the Constitution of the United with themselves;; they -shall name in their States, which, when ratified by three fourths ballots the person voted'for as President, and'in of said Legislatures, shall bevalid, to all intents distinct ballots the:; person voted for as Vice- and purposes, as apart of the said Constitution, President, and: they shall make distinct lists of namely: all persons voted for as:President, and of all ARTICLE XIII. persons voted for as Vice-President, and. of the "SEc.. 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary number of votes for each, whichlists they shall servitude, except as a punishment for crime, sign and certify,. and transmit sealed to the seat whereof the party'shall have been duly conof the government of the United States, directed victed, shall exist within' the United States, or to the President of the Senate;-The President any place subject to their jurisdiction. of the Senate shall,' in presence of the Senate'' SE.' 2. Congress shallhave power to enforce and House of: Representatives, open all the cer- this article by appropriate legislation'." tificates and the votes shall then be counted;- - And'whereas it appears from official docuThe person having the greatest number of votes, ments on' file in thi's Department that the for President, shall be the" President, if such amendment to the Constitution of the'United number be a majority of the whole number of States, proposed as'aforesaid, has beeratified Electors appointed;.and if no person.have' such by the Legislatures of the States of Illinois, majority, then' from, the persons having the Rhode Islad,' Michi'gan,''Maryland, New York, h'ighest numbers not exceeding three on the list West Virginia, Maine, Kansas, Massachusetts, of those voted for as President, the House of Pennsylvania, Virginia,'Ohio, Missouri, Nevada Representatives shall choose immediately,- by India-ta, Louisiana, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Verballot, the President.:But in choosing- the. mont, Tennessee, Arkansas, Connecticut, New President,,.the votes shall be taken by states, Hampshire,- South-.Carolina, Alabama, North the representation from each state having one Carolina,- and Georgia-in all, twenty-seven vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of States;. a member or members, from two thirds of the'. And whereas.th'e whole number of States in.states, and a majority of all: the'states shall be "the United States is thirty-six, and whereas the necessary to a choice. And if the House of Rep- before specially-named States, whose Legislatures resentatives shall not choose a President when- have ratified the said proposed amendment, conever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, stitute three-fourths of the whole number of before' the fourth day of March next following, States in the United States: then the Vice-President shall act as President,. Now, therefore, be it known that I, William as in the case of the death orother constitutional: 1H. Seward, Secretary of State of the United disability of the President..The person having States, by virtue-and in pursuance of the second the greatest number of votes as Vice-President,: section of the: act of. Congress approved the shall be the Vice-President, if such number be:a twentieth of. April, eighteen hundred and majority of the whole number of Electors ap-:eighteen, entitled "An act to provide for the pointed, and if no person have a majority, then publication of the laws of the United' States and,froum the two- highest numbers: on- the list the for other purposes," do hereby certify that the Senate shall choose the Vice-President;a quo-: amendment aforesaid his become valid, to all rum for the purpose, shall consist of two thirds intents and purposes, as a part of the Constitution of the whole number of Senators, and a rm'ajority of the United States. of the whole number: shall- be necessary to a In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my choice:.. But no person constitutionally ineligi- hand and caused-'the seal of the Department of ble to the office of President shall be eligible to State to be affixed. that of.Vice-President of the United States:.: Done at'the city of Washington this eighteenth ~~"''.. " - - day-of December, in the year.of our Lord Mr. -Seward's Certificate'of the Anti-Slavery [SEAL] one thousand eight'hundred and sixty-'Amendmendt, known as tlie 3thi.Aiienment. five, -and of the Independence of: the''i "''':.. United States of America the ninetieth.' WILLIA.M E1. SEWARD, SECRETARY:'OF STATE -OF' WILLIAM H. SEWARD, THE DUNITED STATES,... Secretary of State. To all to whom'thesepresentsmnaycome, greeting:- [New Jersey, Oregon, California and Iowa now ye that whereas theC ress f the ratified subsequentlyto the date. of this certifiUnited States on the 1stof'February last passed a; resolution which is in the' words following cate.asdid Florida inthe same formas South namely: C''arolina and Alabama.] IL PRESIDENT JOHNSOTS ORDERS AND PROC MATIONS. Respecting Commercial, Intercourse with In. proceed to prefer charges against said parties for surrectionary States, April 29, 1865. their alleged offences, and bring them to trial beEXEcaUTIVE CHAMBlER, fore said military commission; that said trial or:WASHINGTON A,4pril 29, 1865.:trials be conducted by the said Judge Adivocate Being desirous to relieve all loyal citizens and General, and as recorder thereof, in person, aided well-disposed persons, residingin insurrectionary by such assistant and special judge advocates States, from unnecessary commercial restrictions, as he may designate; and that said trials be and to encourage them to return to peaceful pur- cducted with all diligence consistent with th suits, It is hereby ordered:: ends of justice: the said commission to sit withI; That all restrictions upon internal, domes- out regard to hours. tic, and coastwise commercial intercourse be dis- d. That revetMajor General Hartranft be continued in such. parts of the States of Tennes- assigned to duty as special provost marshal see, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, general, for the purpose of said trial, and atGeorgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, and so tendance upon said commission, and the execumuch of Louisiana as lies east of the Mississippi tion of its mandates. river, as shall be embraced within the lines of 3d. That the said commission establish such national military occupation, exceptingonly such der or rulesof proceedings-as may avoid unrestrictions as are irhposed by acts of Congress necessary delay, andconduce to the ends of puband regulations in pursuance thereof, prescribed lic justice. by the Secretary of the Treasury, and approved ANDREW JOHNSON. by the President; and excepting also froom the. ffect.of this order the following articlea contra- ORDER FOR THE EXECUTION OF THE SENTENCE OF band of war, to wit: arms, ammunition, all arti- TE COMMISSION. des from which ammunition is manufactured, EXECUTIVE MANSION, July 5, 1865. gray uniforms and cloth, locomotives, cars, rail- The foregoing sentences in the cases of David road iron, and machinery for.operating railroads, E. Herold, G. A. Atzerodt, Lewis Payne, Michael telegraph wires, insulators, and instruments for O'Laughlin, Edward Spangler, Samuel Arnold, operating telegraphic lines'. Mary E. Surratt and Samuel A. Mudd, are hereII. All existing military and naval orders in by approved, and it is ordered that the sentences any manner restricting internal, domestic, and of said David E. Herold, G. A. Atzerodt, Lewis coastwise commercial intercourse and trade with lPayne, Mary E. Surratt and' Samuel A. Mudd, or in the localities above.named be, and the same:be carried into execution by the proper military are hereby revoked; and that no military or authority, underthedirection of the Secretary of naval officer, in any manner, interrupt or inter- War, on the 7th day of July, 1865, between the fere with the same, or with any boats or other hours of 10 o'clock, a. m., and 2 o'clock, p. m., of vessels engaged therein, under proper authority, that day. It is further ordered, that the prispursuant to the regulations of the Secretary of oners, SamuelArnold, Samuel A. Mudd, Edward the Treasury.: Spangler, and Michael O'Laughlin'be confined at ANDREW JOHNSON. hard labor in the Penitentiary at Albany, New ~.~ -.. X. ~York, during the period designated in their resExecutive Order for the Trial of the Alleged pectivesentences. Assassins of President Lincoln, May 1, 1865. ANDREW JOHNSON, President, EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, [By an order dated July 15, the place of conWASHINGTON CITY, May 1,' 1865. finement as to the four last mentioned, was Whereas, the Attorney General of. the United prison at Dry Tortuchanged to the "military prison at Dry TortuStates hath given his opinion: That the persons implicated in the murder of gas, Florida." the late' President, Abraham Lincoln, and the. -: attempted assassination of the Honorable Wil- e so Davis, Clement C liam- H. Seward, Secretary of State, and in an Clay, and others, May 2, 1865. alleged conspiracy to assassinate other officers of Whereas it appears from evidence in the Buthe Federal Government at Washington city, reau of Military Justice that the atrocious murand their aiders andabettors, are subject to. the der of the late President, Abraham Lincoln, and. jurisdiction of, and lawfully triable before, a mili- the attempted assassination of the Honorable tary commission: William H. Seward, Secretary of State, were inIt is Ordered: 1st, That the Assistant Adju- cited, concerted, and: procured by and between ta'nt General detail nine competent military offi- Jefferson Davis, late of Richmond, Virginia, and cers to serve as a commission for the trial of'said Jacob Thompson, Clement C. Clay, Beverly.parties, and that the- Judge Advoate G leneral Tucker, George N, Saunders, William C. Cleary, 8 POLITICAL MANUAL. and other rebels and traitors against the Gov- city of Richmond, and his confederates, or under eminent of the United States, harbored in John Letcher or William Smith and their conCanada: federates, or under any pretended political, miliNow, therefore, to the end that justice may tary, or civil commission or authority issued by be done, I, Andrew Johnson, President of the them, or either of them, since the 17th day of United States, do offer and promise for thearrest April, 1861, shall be deemed and taken as in of said persons, or either of them, within the rebellion against the:United States, and shall be liti -bfltbhe United States, so that they can be dealt with accordingly. hfd'ght to-trial, the-following rewards Second. That the Secretary of State proceed One hundred thousand' dollars for the arrest to put in force all laws of the United States, the of' Jefferson Davis. administration whereof belongs to the.Depart-,fownt.:y(- fis thousand dollars for the arrest of ment of State, applicable to the geographical QCOie nt. Clay.* limits aforesaid. i.1-T wenty-,fiy.ei thousand dollars for the arrest of Third. That the Secretary of the Treasury aco.lb; Tlhompsoni, late of Mississippi. proceed, without delay, to nominate for appointTi). entyefive-thousand dollars for the arrest of ment, assessors of taxes and collectors of customs ie.og.e% iN S~anders. -,and internalrevenue, andsuch other officers of the To.Twenty-five thousand dollars for the arrest of Treasury Department as are authorized by law, vi~riyy/.yT'useiker;'.:.~ -...and shall put into execution the revenue laws of -itn:bhous:nuddollars for the arrest of William the United States within the geographical limits C. Cleary, late clerk of Clement C. Clay. aforesaid. In making appointments, the pref-,ThAie,Pioost!, M.arshal General of the United erence shall be given to qualified loyal persons $,,ts if directed toioause a description of said residing within the districts where their respecp;sasj, withinotbe'io f the above rewards, to be. tive duties are to be performed. But if suitable pu.ishe.l'i hi..,:.'i,-.... persons shall not be found residents of the disIn'testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my tricts, then persons residing in other States or a' lniud b.a^sed the;salhof the United States to districts shall be appointed. bL04iae.i,- -,i.;-:.:'.', Fourth. That the Postmaster General shall -T.pe it, tihied city f.iWfashington this second proceed to establish post offices and post routes, day of May, in the year of our Lord one and put into execution the postal laws of the tho;-iosand:-eight hundred and sixty-five, United States within the said States, giving to [I*'J and of the Independence of the United loyal residents the preference of appointment; States of America the eighty-ninth. but if suitable persons are not found, then to apANDREW JOHNSON. point agents, &c., from other States. By the President: F ifth. That the district judge of said district / W. HUNTER, Acting Secretary of State. proceed to hold courts within said State, in accordance with the provisions of the acts of Executive Order to Re-establish the Authqrity Congress. The Attorney General will instruct of the United States, and Execute the Laws the proper officers to libel and bring to judgment, within the Geographical Limits known as the confiscation,sand sale, property subject to confisState of Virginia. - cation, and enforce the administration of justice EXECUTIVE CHAMIBER, within said State, in all matters civil and criminal WASHINGTON CITY, May 9, 1865. within the cognizance and jurisdiction of the ORDERED-First. That all acts and proceed- Federal courts. ings of the political, military, and civil orgniza- Sixth. That the sSecretary of War assign such tiois which have been in a stateof insurrection assistant provost nmrshal general, and. such and rebellion, within the State. of Virginia, provost marshals in each district of said State against the authority and laws of the United as he may deem necessary. States, and of which Jefferson Davis, John Seventh. The Secretary of the Navy will take Letcher, and William Smith were late the respec- possession of all public property belonging to tive chiefs, are declared null and void. All the Navy Department within said geographical persons who shall exercise, claim, pretend, or at- limits, and put in operation all acts of Congress tempt to exercise any political, military, orcivil in relation to naval affairs having application power, authority, jurisdiction, or right, by, to the said State. through, or under Jefferson Davis, late of the Eighth. The Secretary of the Interior will *Mr. LAY was released under this oder:.also put in force the laws relating to the Depart*Mr. CLAY was released under this order:,, WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFIE, nt of thenterior. WASHINGTON, AIp il 17, 1866. Ninth. That to carry into effect the guarantee Maj. Geen. N. A. MILES, Comnmanding, c&c., Fortress Monroe, of the Federal Constitution of a republicanform O~j.Virgin~a.:..... of. State-government, and affod the advantage Osdesed,: That-Clement 0. Clay, Jr., is hereby released of State government and af t advantage from confinement, arind permitted: to return- to'and remain and security of domestic laws, as well as to conin the State of Alabama, and to visit such other places in plete the re-establishment of the authority of the the:ltited States as his personal business may render abso-law of the United States and the full and comlutely necessary, upon the. following.conditions, viz: that he'takes the oath of allegiance to the United States, and plete restoration of peace within the limits aforegives his parole of!honor to conduct himself as a loyal citi- said', Francis H. Pierpoint, Governor of the State zen of the sameand to report himself:in persont atnytime of Virginia will be aided by the Federal Governand place to answer any charges that may: hereafter be pro-, pared 6against him by the United States.. ment, so far as may be necessary, in the lawful Please report receipt'and.executioniofthis order. measures which he may take for the extension By-order of the President of the" United: States.: orderof the Preident of the nitd S: and administration of the State Government..ssistant:Ad nt. O GenercD, throughout the geographical.limitsof said BS 36 ORDERS AND -PROCAILATIONS. 9'In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my events and circumstances have since occurred hand and caused the seal of the United which, in my judgment, render it expedient t6 SEAL] States to be affixed. remove that restriction, except as to the ports of ANDREW JOH~NSON. Galveston, La Salle, Brazos de Santiago (Point'By the President: Isabel,) and Brownsville, in the State of Texas: W. HUNTER, Acting Secretary of State. Now, therefore, be it known that I, Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, do hereEquality of Rights with all Maritime Nations, by declare that the ports aforesaid, not excepted:May 10,1865.'as above, shall be open to.foreign commerce Whereas the President of the United States, from and after the first day of July, next; that by his proclamation of the nineteenth day of commercial intercourse with the said ports may, April, one thousand eight hundred and sixty- from that time, be carried on, subject to the laws one, did declare certain States therein mentioned of the United States, and in pursuance of such in insurrection against the Government of the regulations as may be prescribed by the SecreUnited States; tary of the Treasury, If, however, any vessel And whereas armed resistance to the authority from a foreign port shall enter any of the beforeof this Government in the said insurrectionary named excepted ports in the State of Texas, she States may be regarded as virtually at an end, will continue to be held liable to the penalties and the persons by whom that resistance, as well prescribed by the act of Congress approved on as the operations of insurgent cruisers, were di- the thirteenth day'of July, eighteen hundred rected, are fugitives or captives; and sixty-one, and the persons on board of her And whereas it is understood that some of to such penalties as may be incurred, pursuant those cruisers are still infesting the high seas, to the laws of war, for trading, or attempting to and others are preparing to capture, burn, and trade, with an enemy. destroy vessels of the United States: And I, Andrew Johnson, President of the Now, therefore, be it known, that I, Andrew United States, do hereby declare andmakeknown Johnson, President of the United States, hereby that the United States of America do, henceforth, enjoin all naval, military, and'civil officers of disallow to all persons trading, or attempting to the United States, diligently to endeavor, by all trade, in any ports of the United States in violawful means, to arrest the said cruisers, and to lation of the laws thereof, all pretence of belbring them into a port of the United Sta-is, in ligerent rights and privileges,. and I give notice order that they may be prevented from corn- that, from the date of' this proclamation, all riitting further depredations on commerce, and such offenders will be held and dealt with as that the persons on board of them may no pirates.: longer enjoy impunity for their crimes. It is also ordered that all restrictions upon, And, I further proclaim and declare, that if, trade heretofore imposed in the territory of the' after a reasonable time shall have elapsed for United States east of the Mississippi river, save this proclamation to become, known in the ports those relating to contraband of war, to the of nations claiming to have been neutrals, the reservation of the rights of the United States to said insurgent cruisers and the persons on board property purchased in the territory of an enemy, of them shall continue to receive'hospitality in and to the twenty-five per cent. upon purchases the said ports, this Govern-menit will deem itself of cotton, are removed. All provisions of the justified in refusing hospitality to the public internal revenue law will be carried into effect vessels of such nations in ports of the United under the proper officers. States, and in adopting such other measures as In witness whereof I have hereunto set my may be: deemed advisable towards vindicating hand and caused the seal of the United States to the national sovereignty. be affixed. In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my Done at the city of Washington, this twentyhand and caused the seal of the United States to second day of May, in the year of our be affixed. Lord one thousand eight hundred and Done at the city of Washington, this tenth day [SEAL.] sixty-five, and of the Independence of of May, in the year of our Lord one the United States of America the eighty-: thousand'eight hundred and sixty-five, ninth. [L. and of the independence of the United ANDREW JOHsSON. States of America the eighty-ninith. By the President: ANDREW JoHNSON. W. HUNTER, Acting Secretary of State. By the President: W. HUNTER, Acting Secretary of State. OfAmnesty, May 29, 1865. Co Vr~a Inte s WHEREAS the' President of the United States, Commercial Intercourse a-nd the Blockade, May on the 8th day of December, A. D. eighteen 22, 1865. hundred and sixty-three, and on the 26th day Whereas, by the proclamation of thePresident of March, A. D. eighteen hundred and sixtyof the eleventh day of April last, certain ports four, did, with the object' to suppress the existof the United States therein specified, which had ing rebellion, to induce all persons to return to previously been subject to blockade, were, for their loyalty, and to restore the authority of the objects of public safety, declared, in conformity United States, issue proclamations 6ffering amWith previous special legislation of Congress, to nesty and parddn to' certain persons who had be closed against foreign commerce during the directly, or by imnplication, participated in the national; will, to be thereafter expressed and said rebellion; and whereas many persons who made known by the President; and' whereas had so engaged in said rebellion, ae, since the 10 POLITICAL MANIUAL. issuance of said proclamations, failed or:neg-i of governors of States in insurrection against lected to take the benefits offered thereby; tand the United States. whereas many persons who have beenpjustly de-: 10th. All persons who left their homes within prived of allclaim'toamnestyand pardon there-: the jurisdiction and protection of the United under by reason of their; participatiof, directlyT States, and passed beyond the Federal military or by implication, in.said rebellion,.and con-, lines into,the pretended. confederate States for tinued hostility to'the Government of the United. the purpose of aiding the rebellion. States since the date:of said proclamations, now 11th. All persons who have.been engaged in desire to apply for and obtain amnesty and' the destruction of the. commerce of the United pardon:. States upon the high seas, and all persons who To the end, therefore, that.the authority of have made raids into the United States from the Government of the United States may be' Canada, or been, engaged in destroying the comrestored, and that peace, order; and freedom may -merce of the United States. upon. the lakes and be established, I, Andrew Johnson, President of rivers that separate the British Provinces from the United States, do proclaim and declare that the United States. I hereby grant to all persons who have, directly 12th. All persons who, at the time when they or indirectly, participated in the existing rebel- seek to obtain the benefits hereof by taking the lion, except as hereinafter excepted, amnesty and oath herein prescribed, are in military, naval, or pardon, with restoration of all rights of property, civil confinement, or custody, or under bonds of except as to slaves, and except.in cases, where the civil, military, or naval authorities, or agents legal. proceedings, under the laws of the. United of the United States, as prisoners of war, or perStates providing for the confiscation of property sons detained for offences of any kind, either of persons engaged in rebellion, have been insti- before or after conviction. tuted;'but upon the condition, nevertheless, 13th. All, persons who have voluntarily parthat every such person shall take and subscribe ticipated in said rebellion, and the estimated the following oath (or affirmation), and thence- value of whose taxable property is over twenty forward keep'and maintain said oath inviolate; thousand dollars... and,which oath shall beregistered for.permanent 14th. All persons who have taken the oath p reservation, and shall be of the tenor and effect of amnesty as prescribed in the President's profollowing, to wit:.,' clamation of December.8, A. D. 1863, or an "-I, —,' do solemnly swear. (or'affirm), oath.of allegiance to the Government of the -,'~~~"T?^!^^'^^^^' United States since the date of said proclamain presence of Almighty God, that I will hence- nited States since the date f said proclamat rct a efen etion, and who thenceforward kept and mainConstitution of the United States, and the union edthe salme inviolate. of theStatethea eres u nie d t ade rnd that Iwill, in. PrPovided, That special application may be like manner, abide bya;nd fasithfully support all madeto the President for pardon by any person laws andprolamationshichhebelonging to the: excepted classes; and such during the existing rebellion, with reference to clemencywil belibally extendedas maybe the emancipationof slaves: S " consistent with the.facts of the case and the.ee...... ancipatio.f sl-ves:;oelpmeod. peace and dignity of the United States. -'The following classes of persons are excepted TheSeoretary'of State will establish rules and from the benefits of this. proclamation:. regulations for administering and recording said, 1st. All who are or.shall:halve been pretended amnesty oath, so as to insure its benefit to the civil or diplomatic officers or otherwise domestic people, and guard the Government against orforeign agents of the: pretended government. fraud. -. -2d. —Al who left judicial.stations under the' In testimony hereof, I have hereunto set my United States to aid the rebellion. hand, and caused the seal of the United States 3d. All who shall have been military or naval to be affixed.. offcers of said pretended confederate govern- Done at.the City:of Washington, the twentymentfabove the rank of colonel: i'the army, or ninth day of May, in the year-of our lieutenantin the navy. -' a:' r Lord one thousand'eight hundred and.'.4th.: All who left seats in the Congress of the sixty-five, andofthe Independence of United States to aid the rebellion:..- the United States the eighty-ninth. 5th.- All who resigned or tendered resignations. ANDREW JOHNSON. of their commissions in the army'or.navy of the By the President: United States,. to' evade duty in resisting the WILLIAM H. SEWARD, Secretary of State. rebellion. - 6th. All..:who have.engaged in any way in CIRULAR. treating; otherwise than lawfully as prisoners of DEPARTMENT OF STATE, war.i;persons found in the United States service WASHINGTOeN, May 29, 1865.' as officers, soldiers, seamen, or in other capaci- SI: A copy of the President's amnesty procties..,, l -':''''''' lamation of this date is herewith appended. By.'7i;...All persons who have been'or are absen- a, clause in the instrument, the Secretary of tees.from the United States -for the purpose of State is directed to establish rules and regulaaiding the.rebellion..........'. tions for administering and recording the am-..8th. All military. and.naval officers, in the nesty oath, so as to insure its benefit to the peorebel',service, who were educated.by the Govern- ple and guard the Government against,fraud. mentlin the Military A'cademy- at'West Point'or Pursuant to this injunction, you are informed th;e.nited tat.e's..Naval.Academy..'. that the oath prescribed in the proclamation.9th.,Allpersons who held.th.epretended offices maybe taken and subscribed before any com ORDERS AND PROCLAMATIONS. 11 missioned officer,.civil, military, or naval, in the:restore said, State to its constitutional relations'service of the United States, or any civil or mili- to the Federal Government, and to present such tary officer of a loyal State or Territory, Who, a republican form of.State government as will by the laws thereof, may'be quaiified for admin-' entitle the State to the guarantee of the United istetring oaths. All officers who receive such.States,.therefor, and its;people to protection by oaths are hereby authorized to give certified the United'States against invasion, insurrection, copies thereof to the persons respectively.by. and domestic iviolence;: Provided,:that in any whom they were made. And such officers are' election that may be hereafter held for choosing hereby required to transmit the originals of such. delegates to any State, convention, as aforesaid, oaths, at as early a day as.may be'convenient, no person shall be qualified as an elector, or to this Department, where they will be depos- shall be eligible as a memberof such convention, ited, and remain in the archives of the Govern- unless he shall have previously taken the oath ment.:A. register thereof will be kept in the' of amnesty, as set forth in the President's procDepartment, and on application, in proper cases,, lamation of May 29, A., D. 1865, and is.avoter certificates.will be issued of such records.in the! qualified as. prescribed by the Constitution and customary form of official certificates,. laws of the State of.North Carolina, in force I am, sir, your obedient servant, immediately before the 20th:day of May, 1861, WILLIAM H. SEWAR. the date of the so-called.ordinance of secession; — ~- - - -V; and the said convention when convened, or the Appointing William W. Holden Provisional Gov-. Legislature that may be thereafter assembled, ernor of North Carolina, lay;29,1865. will prescribe the qualification of electors, and Whereas the fourth section of the fourth article the eligibility of persons to hold office under the of the Constitution of the United States declares Coonstitution and laws of the State, a power the'that the United' States shall guarantee to every' people of the several States composing the FedState in the' Union a republican form of gov- eral.Union have rightfully'exercised from.the ernaient,. and shall protect each of them against origin of the Government to the present time. invasion and domestic violence; and, whereas And I do hereby direct:'the Presidentofthe'UnitedStates is, bytheCon- First. That the military commander of the stitution, made commander-in-chief of:the army Department, and all officers and persons: in:the and navy, as well as chief civil executive officer military and naval service:aid and assist the of the United States, and is bound'.by'solemn said Provisional Governor incarrying, into effect oath faithfully to execute the office of President this proclamation, and they are enjoined to abof the United States, and to'take care,.that the stain from, in any way, hindering, impeding, or laws be faithfully executed; and whereas the discouraging the, loyal people from the organizarebellion, which has been waged by a portion.of tion of a State Government, as herein authorized. the people of the United States againstthe Second. That the Secretary of State proceed to properly constituted authorities'of the Govern- put in force all;laws of the, United States, the ment thereof, in the most violent, and, revolting administration whereof belongs to the State Deform, but whose organized and: armed' forces partment, applicable.to'the geographical limits have now been almost entirely overcome, has, aforesaid. in its revolutionary progress, deprived the people Thir.d. That the Secretary of the Treasury of the State of North Carolina of allciil gov- proceed to nominate for appointment assessors.of erninment'; and whereas it becomes necessary and taxes and collectors ofcustoms and internal revproper to carry out' and enforce the obligations enue, and, such. other officers: of the Treasury of the United. States to. the people of lNorth Departpment as are.authorized by law, and. put Oarolina, in securing them in the.enj.oyment of in execution. the revenue laws of the United a republican formn of'government:'.. Stateswithin the geographical limits aforesaid. N'Now, therefore, in obedience to t.he htigh and In. making appointments, the preference shall be solemn duties imposed upon me by the Consti- given to qualified loyal persons residing within tution of the United States, and for.th.e purpose.o tthe districts where their respective duties are. to enabling the loyal people of said State to organ- be performed. But,.if suitable-residents of the ize a State government, whereby justice may be. districts shall znot be found,.then persons residing established, domestic traniquillity insured, and in other States.or districts shallh be appointed..., loyal citizens.protected in all their rights of life, o' urth. That. the Postmaster General proceed. liberty, and property, I, Andrew, Johnson, to establish post: offices and post routes and put President of the United States, and Commander- into execution lthe postal'laws:of, the United in-.Chief' of the army and navy of the United Sta.tes within thesaid State, giving to' loyal-resiStates, do hereby appoint William W. Holden dents the preference of appointment;, but if suitProvisional Governor of the State.of. North able'residents are not found, then to appoint Carolina,'.whose'duty it siall be, at the, earliest agents, &c., from other States.. practiable period, to prescribe such:rules and.ifth. That the district judge for the judicial. regulation as as may.be necessary and proper for district in which Northi Carolina is included proconvening a convention, composed..of delegates ceed to hold courts within.said. State, in accordto. be chosen by that portion of the people-of lance with. the provisions of the act of Congress.'said Statewho0 ae loy.alito the United States, The Attorn.ey'.General will instruct the properand no oth.ers, for' the. purpose of altering or' officers to libel, and bring to.udgment, confiscaamending the constitution,thereof.; and.withau-;tion and sale, property subject to confiscation,: thiority to exeicise, withlin;'the limilts, of said State, and.enforce the administration of justice within,,ll tlhe.powes, necessary and''proper to. en.able said. State in all matters within the cognizanct. si'ich loyal peopleof the'State of North GCaroliinta and jurisdiction -.of the Be.deral courts. ~f12?POLITICAL MANUAL. itih. That thoe Secretary Of the'Nayy.taie: otherwise for thebenefit of refugees or freedme,. possession of all "ublic;proprty:belongig t: or-accrtiiig from'abandoned lands or' property'the NaVy: Department itin'~t/id.geographical set apart for their" se, and will transfer tO them liits' and put in'operation al acts'of Congress iall official: ecord conneted with.the admirii-'*. relation to naval affairs having application to tration ofaffairs' Which pertain to said;'Bireaii. t'he said State. ~ ~'' I.`ANDREW Josn ON. Seiventh: That;.the Seret'ary of. ithe' Inteior. By'order of the Secretary of War: p;tin'fore: the las ~reiating to the Interior B. D).'Tow'sE'ND, As's't Adj't GenerdL ~leparitment, applicabl'eQ'to the':eogiraphical limRits'.....'-aforesaiad:'.' "~'....' CiobO'Ai No. 15. in testimony Wh~reO'f, I hav'e'here;untoo'setmy, WA ARTMENT, ihand and caused theo'grat seal of the United BURAU.R FUGEES, FBEEDM"N, States to be affixed. AND:ABANDONEDLANlS,.e Do:e at the city of'W/asahingtgon, thiis tventy-: WASHINGfTON, hD. C., Septetmber 12, 1865..' ninth day of May, in the year of our'. Ciular No.13, of.Julys28, 1865, fr0omnhis'TrLi. ord' one.tliousand eight hundred and; bureau, and all portions of circulars from this s-J sixty- fie, and of the Independence of the bureau' onflicting ith the,;provisions of this United States the eighty-ninth. circular, are hereby rescinded. ANDREW JOHNasoi. II.This bureau has charge of such "tracts of:By the President: lahd within the insurrectionary States as shall WI- LLIAMH hSEWARD' Seretarof S/ te.:have been abandoned, r to which the United 1865, June 13-A like:.prclam ation was issued, States shall have acquired title by confiscation ap" ppointing WILLIAM L.:SFHARKE Pro- or sale, or otherwise," and no such lands now i. visional Gvernor of Mississippi. its possessio shal. be u rrenderd to any claim16:85, June 17-JAMES JOHNSON appointed. Pro- tnetlexpc aep s hereiiafter provided,.' visional Governor of Georgia.: III. bandoned landare defined in se ti'n 1865, June 17-ANDREwJ. eiHAMiLTON apepointed 2 of b the act of Ciongress approved July 2; 1864, Provisional Governor'of Texas as' lands, "the lawful owner Whereof shall be 1'65, June. 21LE-L E.w PIARSONS appointed volntarily absent therefrom, and engaged either rovisionalov of. ernr of Alabana..'in arms or otherwise in aiding or encouraging 186'5,:June 30.-BENJAMINi F. PERiRY appointed *the.rebellion.''~:: Provisional:GoVer'nor of: Soiteh Caro'- IV. Landi ill nt' be regarg ed as confiscated,~ ~ ~lina.-'.':~..";.::_ }until it ha;sb'en conidemniie and sold by decree 1865,:July 13-WILLIAM.MX'Ai:VItl' ~appoilited of the United States court for the district r'i..P.rovisional:Governornoflorida.' Which the property maybe found, and the title:~.......;...H. ~ e.-:."'' —'':thereto thus:vested in the United States. Orters Respecting Freed'aim en. V. Upon its appearing Satisfactorily to any EX Ec!IUTIiVE MANS~ioNir, assistant coimiisioner that any property under..N. GTO.W Isa D.'TCOi,!.Ofien^e 2, 18'685. his con't~rol is risot abandoned as'above, defined, Whereas, By an act of Congress, approved and that the United States has' acquired no title March 3, 1865, theie wasestablished in-'the War'to it by confiscation, sale or otherwise, he will -Department' a: Bureau of Refuge es Freedmen, formally surrender it to the authorized claimant and Abandoned Lands, and to whieh; in accord- or claimants, promptly reporting his actibn to ance with the said act of Con'ngre;ss, is committed /the Corn'iissioner.: the.u-pervision ad management:o all aban. I. V Assistant comnissionerr s will prepare accudoned lands, and the cofitrol of'all subjectsrelat rte descriptions of all confiscated'and abandoned ing to refugees: and freedei from' rebel States lands nnder their control,'teeping a record thereor from.anydistrict of:countriy within'the terr- of themselves, and forwarding monthly to the tory' embr'a:ed, in' the.oper ations of the. army, Commissioner copies of these descriptions in the tinder such rules: and'rtegulationsas m~ ay be pro- manner prescribed in circula' r No. 10, of July scribed by t:he headof the bureau and:approved l, 1865, from, this bureau. b-'-y the President' and "Whereas, it appars that They willst.atapart so.much of said lands as is the raniagementof abandoned: lans aniid ub- necessary for the inm dediate use of loyal refuj'ecs relating to r:fugees a: id. feed en,'as a'fore- gees and freed'men, being careful to select for this iv have bee'n, and still aren; -byo rdiers~ based [ puarpose those lands' which'most clearly.fall 6 military exigencis, or'legislation: based' O under.thecontrol of this bureau, which selection. pevious statut'spartly n he h td of military must be:.submitted to the Commissioner for his officers.diso'cted' ith said"buea, and part'- apprval. lyinharge'of:offiIcers of: the Treasury: D'eprt' The specific divisiOn of lanids so set apart into ment; it is ther.efore Orered, Tht all oficers lots and the rental or sale thereof, according to f -theT.reas.. Department allmii..tary. officBrs e'tion 4'of the lair estab;lishing the bureau, will anrd others in the3 service' of t'he Unite'd Sta'tes, be completed as soon as practicable, and reported tun' over to th'~ authorized officei of said bu-' to the Commissioner. rean'all' abandoned lands'ardpropetFy cNtem- VII. Abandoned lands held by this bureau'lated in said act of dongress, approved March may be restored to owners pardoned by the Preshir, e Bighteen ahundred and sixty-five estab- ident bythe assi'stant commissioners, to whom lishin. the Bureaut of efuges. Freedmen ind W applications for such restoration should be forAba'ndoned Jands that; riay'noW' be under.:,'owarded, so far as practicable, thlrough the supera within their cOntrol. They will also''turn over int'eents of the districts in which the lands are to such officers: ai fiunds c'ict-'ed'b tax or -situated. ORDERS', AND PROCLAMATIONS. 18 Each application must be accompani.ed by-. domestic, and,commercial intercourse, with cerlst. Evidence of special pardonby the Presi- tain exceptions therein specified and set forth, dent, or'a copy of the oath. of: amnesty pre- were removed' "in such.,parts- of the States of scribed in the. President's proclamation of May Tennessee, Virginia, North Carolina, South 29,'1865, when the applicant is not included in Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, any of the classes therein excepted from the and so much of Louisiana aslies east of the benefits of said oath. Mississippi river, as shall. be embraced, within 2d. Proof of title. the lines of national military occupation;' *"Officers of the bureau through whom the ap- - And whereas by my proclamation of the plication passes will indorse, thereon such facts twenty-second of. May, one.'thousand eight as may assist the assistant commissioner in his hundred and sixty-five, for reasons therein, given, decision, stating.especially the use made by the: it was declared that certain, ports of the United bureau of the land. States which had:been. previously.closed against VIII. No..land under cultivation- by loyal foreign commerce, sehould, with certain specified refugees or freedmen will be restorred under this exceptions, b.e reopened to- such. cormerce,, on. circilar, until the crops, now growing..shall be and after the. first day, of July next, subject to secured for the benefit of the' cultivators, unless the laws of the'United States, and in pursuance full and just compensation be made for their of.such regulations as might be prescribed by labor and its products, and for their expendi-'the Secretary of the. Treasury;' ures. O. O. HOWFA. D, And where'I.. I am, satisfactorily. informed, Major General, Commissioner.'that dangerous combinations against: the laws of Approved: ANDREW JOHINsoN,''the' United States no longer exist within the President of.the U)ted' States. State of Tennessee.; that the insurrection heretofore -existing within said State has beQn supFor- the Return to Persons Pardoned, of their pressed; that within the boundaries thereof the Property. authority of.the. United States is undisputed; EXECUTIVE OFFICE, Atgust 16, 1865. and.that such officers. of the United States as Respectfully returned to th'e. Commis.sioner have been duly commissioned, are. in the undisof Bureau Refugees, Freedmen, &c. The.records. turbed exercise of their official func.tions: of this office show that B. B. Leake was. spe- Now, therefore;, be it.kown that I, Andrew cially pardoned by the President on the'27th- Johnson, President of the United States, do ultimo, and was thereby restored to allhi: rights hereby declare that all restrictions upon inof property, except as to slaves. Notwithstand- ternal, domestic, and coastwise intercourso.and ing this, it is understood that the posssession of trade, and upon1' the removal, of' products of his" property is withleld from him. I have, States heretofore declared:in insurrection, retherefore, to direct that General Fisk, assistant serving and'excepting.only. those relating to commissioner at Nashville, Tennessee,, be in- contraband of war, as. hereinafter recited, and structed by the Chief Commissioner.'of Bureau also those'wwhich relate to the reservation of the of Freedmen, &c., to relinquish possession of the rights of the United States to property purchased. property of Mr. Leake, held by him.as assistant in the territory of an enemy, heretofore imcommissioner, &c., and that'the same. be imme- posed in the territory of the United States east diately restored to the said Leake.' The sa'me of the Mississippi river, are annulled, and I do action will be had in all-similar cases.* hereby direct that they be forthwith removed; ANDREW JOHNSONs, and:that on and after the:first day of July next President United States. all restriction upon foreign commerce with sail To.O. O. IHoWARD, ports, with the exception and reservation aforeMaj General, Com'r Freedmen's Affairs. said, be likewise removed; and that the commerce of such States shall be conducted under Respecti..g Commercial Intercourse, and the the supervision of' the regularly appointed Suppression of the Rebellion in the Stat of officers of the customs provided by law; and Tenniesse, _une i3, 165. such officers of the customs shall receive any Whereas by my proclamation..of the twenty-.captured and abandoned property that may be ninth. of April, one thousand eight hundred turled over to them,.under the law, by. the and sixty-five, all restrictions upon internal, military or naval forces.of the United States, five.. Ge ~.''.~.''and dispose of such prpperty as shall. be directed * Extract froni letter of General Hoiward, April 23, 1866, by the Secretary.of the Treasury. in reply to resolution of the House. ofrepresentatives of Te focontraband of war are March 5 1866:'. ths d efini "In complyingwith these defnite instructions, thebnu- excepted from the. effect of this proclamation: reau ias beel coampolled to part withthhe greatei portion of arms, ammunition, all articles from which the property once under its control. Except in. the very, gray uniforms few cases where property; has been actually sold under they uniforms and act of July 17, 1862; and in that portion of' South Caroliria cloth. and Georidia embraced in' the provisions of General Sher- And I hereby also proclaim and declare that man's Field Order No. 15, its tenure of property has been too e inurrtn far as uncertain to justiy allotments to.freedmen tensurrecon, as t relates to, and Acres. within the State of Tennessee, and the inhabiProperty.seized under act of July, 1862, and re- tants of the said State of Tennessee as re-organAbtored by thl dm reau.....;....,452 ized and constituted under their recently adopted storedythis burea........................... 14,652 constitution. nd. re organization, and accepted Abanddnediproperty not allotted to freedmen re-.' by them, is suppressed, and. therefore, also, that stred..by this breau............................... 40, all the disabibities and disqualifications attachTotl........................................ 30,104 ig.to said State and the inhabitants: thereof 14 POLITICAL MANUAL. consequentit upon any',i"proclaamations, issued by hand and caused the seal of the United States to virtue of the fifth sectio.n f the act entitled'9'An] be affixed. act further to provide for the: collection'ef duties.'Done' at the city of Washington this twentyon import~s and for other purposes,' approv6d'' third day of, June, in the year of our the thirteenth day of- July, done'thousand eight, r[' Lord, one: thousand eight hundred and hundred and sixty-one,. are removed..'' sixty-five,' aind' of the Independence of But:nothing herein contained shall'be consid- the United States the eighty-ninth. ered or construed as in:':any wise6changing' or ANDREW JoBNsoN. impairing any qof the penalties:and forfeitures By the President: for treason heretofore incurred under the laws W..HUNTER, Acting Secretary of State. ofthe United.States, or any of the'provisions, restrictions, or'disabilities set forth in my proc- Further Removal of Restrictions. August 29, lamation, bearing.date the: twentyr-iinth day of I. 1865, May, one thousand ~eight hundred ":and:sixty- Whereas' by my' proclamations of the thirfive; or a impairing exi'stingregulatiopns for the' teenth ard. twenty-fourth of June, one thousand suspension of the habe'as'corpus, and the' exercise eight hundred and sixty-five, removing restricof military law in cases' where:it shall be neces- tions, in part, upon internal, domestic, and coast-'sary fo6r:the general public,safety and welfare.wise intercourse and trade with those States during-the existing; insurrection'; nor shall thi.s recently declared in insurrection, certain articles pro'clamatition affect orinany'way impair, any were excepted'from the effect of said proclamalaws'heretofore passed: by- Congress,'and' duly tions as contraband of war; and whereas the approved by the-President,;ora;ny proclamations necessity for restricting trade in said articles has or orders, issued- by him, during the aforesaid in- now, in a great measure, ceased: It is hereby surrection, abolishing:slavery, or in any way ordered, that on- and after the 1st day of Sepaffecting the relations of slavery, whether of per- tember, 1865, all restrictions aforesaid be resons' or of property; but. on\the'contrary, all moved,'so that the articles decla:red by the said such laws' and proclamations heretofore maide or proclamations tob'e contraband of war may be issued are expressly saved, and declared to be in imported into and sold in said States, subject full force'and' virtue.:; only to such regulations as the Secretary of the In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my Treasury may prescribe.' hand, and caused the seal of the United Statesto In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my be affixed. hand arnd caused the seal of the United States to Done at the city:'of Washington, this thir- be affixed. teenth day of June, in the year of our Doie at the city of Washington this twenty-. Lord one thousandeight. hundred and ninth day of August, in the year of our [SEAL.] sixty-five,; and of the independence of Lord one thousand eight hundred and -: the United States of America- thew eighty-, J~ sixty-five, and of the Independence of the ninth.'ANDREw JOHNsoN. United States of America the ninetieth. By the President: A " NDEW JOHNSON. WILLIAM H, SEWARD,'Secretary of State. By the President: WILLIAM H. SEWARD,~ Secretary of State.'Blockade Rescinded, June 23, 1865.: Whereas by the proclamation' of the(' Presi- Passports for Paroled Prisoners. dept of:'the fifteenth'and "twent'-seventh of DEPARTMENT OF STATE, April, eighteen hundred and sixtyS-oneTON, Au block- gust 25, 1865. ade of certin' portsof the Uited States was set Paroled prisoners asking passports as citizens on foot; but' wereas the reasons forthatmeasure f the United States, and against whom no spehave ceased to exist.:. " cialcharges may be pending, will be furnished Now,v the0efore, be it known that I, Andrew with passports upon application therefor to the Johnson, President of the United States, do herely' Departmient of State in the usual form. Such de6lare and" proclaim the blockade aforesaid to- passports will, howver,'be isstied upon the conbe rescinded as to all'the ports.aforesaid,. includ- dition that theap'plicants do'not return to the ing:that of Galvestoni and other ports westof' United States without leave of the President. the Mississippi river, whic ports will be open Other persons implicated in the rebellion, who to foreign commerce onithe first of July next, may wish to:go abroad, will apply to the Deon- th''terms and conditios set' forth M my.partment of State for passports, and. the appliproclamation ofthe twe'nty-se'snd of May last.' cations';ill be disposed of according to the Ittis to beun-derstood, how;ever, that the block- merits of the several cases. ado thus-rescinded was an inte'rnational measu're By the'President of the United States. for the purpose of protecting the sovereign rights'WILLIAM H. SEWARD. of the United States.'The. greater" or less sub-. veision.of civil authority in the region to which Paroling'certain State Prisoners. it applied,, and the imtpracticability of at once EXECUTIVE OFFICE, restoring thatin due effiMncy;ey, ma for a season, WASHINGTON, October 11, 1865. make it adv-isable t6 employ the armny anduiavy Whereas -the following named persons to wit: of the United States'towardMs'cairyiing g the laws John A. Campbell, of Alabama; John II. Reainto' effect wh'e'reer such emplmet may. be gI an, of Texas; Alexander H. Stephens, of necessary..''.:' GLeorgia; -George A. Trenholm, of South CaroIi testimony whereof,''have hereunto set my lina; and Charles' Clark, of' Mississippi, lately ORDERS' AND PROCLAMATIONS. 15 engaged in rebellion against the United States! And'whereas thereasons for that suspension' Government, who are now in close custody, have may be regarded as having ceased in some of the made their submission to..the authbrity of the States and Territories: United States and applied to the President for Now, therefore, be it known that I, Andrew pardon' under his proclamation; and'whereas, Johnson, President of the United States, do herethe authority of the Federal Go'vernment is suf- bv proclaim and declare that the suspension ficiently restored in the aforesaid States to admit aforesaid, and all othefproclamations and orders of the enlargement of said persons from close suspending the privilege of the writ of'habeas custody, it is ordered that they be released on corpusin the Statesand Territories of the United giving their respective paroles to appear, at such States, are revoked and annulled excepting as to time' and place as the President:may designate, the States of'Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, to answer any charge that' he' m:ay direct to be North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida preferred against them; and also that they will Alabama; Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas. and respectively abide until further orders''in: the Texas, the District of Columbia, and the Territoplaces herein designated, and not depart' there-' ies of New Mexico and Arizona. from: John'A. Campbell, in the State'of Ala-:.In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my bama; John H. Reagan, in the State of Texas;' hand and caused the seal of the United States to Alexander IH. Stephens, in the State of, Georgia; be affixed. George A. Trenholm, in the State of South Caro- i Done at the city of Washington this'first day' lina; and Charles Clark, in the State of Missis- of December, in the year of our Lord on' sippi. And if the President should grant- his thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, pardon to any of said persons, such person's.' and of the' independence of the United parole will be thereby discharged. States ofAmerica the ninetieth. AANDREW JOHITSOI,!:' ANDREW JOHNSON, e'sident. By the President: MIlartial Law Withdrawn from'Kentucky, Octo- WILLIAM' H. SEWARD; Secretary of State. ber 12, 1865. Whereas by a proclamation of'the fith day of Announcing that the Rebellion hasended, April July, one thousand eight hundred and'sixty- 2,1866., four, the President of the United States, when:Whereas, by.proclamations of the fifteenth.and the.civil war was flagrant, and' when combina- nineteenth of April, one thousand eight hundred tions were in progress in Kentucky for the pur- and sixty-one, the President of the United States, p6se' of inciting insurgent raids into that State, in virtue of the power vested in him by the Condirected that the proclamation suspending, the stitution and'the laws, declared that the laws of writ of habeas corpus should be' made effectual the United States were opposed, and the execu-: in' Kentucky, and that martial law should bees- tion thereof obstructed, in the States. of. South tablished there and continue until said piocla- Carblina, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, mation should be revoked' or modified;' Louisiana, and Texas, by conmbinations too power-.And whereas since then thedanger of insurgent ful to be suppressed by the ordinary course. of raids into Kentucky has substantially passed judicial proceedings, or by the powers vested in away:' the marshals by law; Now, therefore, be it known that I, Andrew And whereas, by another proclamation made Johnson, President of the United States, by vir- on the sixteenth day of August, in the same tu'eof the.authority'vested in me by the Consti- year, in pursuance of an act of Congress approved tutibn, do hereby declare that the said pro'ca- July thirteenth, one thousand eight hundred and mation of the fifth day of July, one thousand sixt y-one, the inhabitants ofthe States of Georgia, eight hundred and sixty-four-,shall be, and is South Carolina, Virginia, North Carolina, Tenhereby, modified in so far that martial law shall nessee, Alabama, Louisiana,'Texas, Arkansas, be no longer in force in Kentucky from andsafter Mississippi, and Florida (except the inhabitante the date hereof.'' of that part of the State of Virginia lying west of'In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my the Alleghany mountains, and to such other parts hand:and caused the seal of the United States to of thatState and the other States before ntned', as be affixed.' might maintnta a loyal adhesion to the Union Done at the city of Washington this twelfth and the'Constitution, or might be from' time to day of October, in the year of our.Lord time occupied and coftrolled by forces of the one thousand eight, hundred^ and sixty-' United States engaged in the dispersion ofinsur" s.]'' five, and of the Independence of the agents) were declared to be in a state of insurrecUnited States of America the ninetieth. lItion against.the United States; ANDREW JOHNSOxN. And whereas, by anotlier proclamation of thQ By the President:' first day of July, one thousand eighthundred and W. HUNTEIR,.Acting' Secretary of State. sixty-two, issued in pursuance of an act of Con-' ~? gress apprived' June 7, in the same year, the inAnnulling the Suspiension of the Habeas Corpus, surrectiri was declai'ed to be still existing in the December 1, 1865 States aforesaid, with the exception of certain Whereas by the proclamation of the President' specified.counties in the S'tate of, Virginia; of th'e United States of the fifteenth day of.Sep- And whereas, by another proclamation made tember, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-:n the second day of April, one thousand eight three, the privilege of thoe writ of habeas corpus hundred and sixty-three, in pursuance of the act was, in certain cases therein set forth, supended of Congress of July 13, one thousand eight hunthr'oughout the United States;''dred and sixty-one, the exceptions named in the 316 ~ P~OIJIIOAL MANUAL. rpclamantion —of Alugst 16, one: tho usad eight to the authority of the United States in the. lU^ndred and.sixty-one were revoked:, and: the in- States of Georgia, South Carolina, Virgiinia, iabitants of the States of Georgia,-South Carolina,. North -Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama, Louisiana, ^IoTt~h-Carolinai Tennessee, Alabama, Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Florida, and thelaws: Texas, Arkansas, Mississippi, Florida, and Vir- can be sustained and. enforced therein by the ginia, (except the forty-eight counties,of Virginia proper civil authority, State or Federal, and the: d.signated as West Virginia, and theports of New people of the: said-. States are well and loyally Oreans, Key West, Port.Royal, and Beaufort, disposed, and have conformedior will conform ina ia. South., Carolina,) were declared t be still in a: their legislation to the condition of affairs growsate. of insurrection: against the United -States. ing out of the amendment to. the Constitution of A:nd whereas the. House of Representatives, the -United -.States,' prohibiting slavery within oQ tlhe, 22d day of July, one thousand eight hun- the limits. and; juirisdiction of the United States; dtdadndsixty.one, adopted a,resolution in the: And whereas,; in view of: the before. recited:'worads following,. namely:i premises,.it is the. manifest determination of' the " iResolved by the 7ouse of pRepresentatives: of American people that:no: State, of its own will,. th.Go.ngress of the United Sta.tes:, Th~at the pres- has the right or the power to go out of, or separateobt deplorable civil war has been.( forced: upon itself from, or' bo separated from. the American tle country by the disunionists of the southern. Union, and that therefore each State ought to, BStates, now.in-revolt against the constitutional remain and constitute an integral; part' of the Gqvernment, and in arms around-the capital; United States; that; in this. national emergency Congress, ban- And. whereas the people of the several before-. is.ling all feelings of mere passionorresentment, mentioned States have,. in the manner aforesaid,' willrecollect only itsduty to.the.whollecoantry; given satisfactory evid'ence that they acquiesce that this war is. not waged- on our, part in any in this:-sovereign and. important resolution of spirit of oppression, nor for any purpose of con- national unity; quest, or subjugation; nor.:purpose f o overthrow- And whereas it is believed to be. afundamental ing or interfering with the rights or established principle of government that. people who have institutions of those States;;but. to. defend and revolted, and who have been overcome and submaitaiitie supremacy of th':,Constitution and to dued,. must either be dealt with so as to induce. preserve the Union with all the, dignity, equality, them.voluntarily to become friends, or- else they and' rights of the'several States:-unimpaired; must be held by absolute military power, or dethat: as soon as'these objects are acdomplished, vastated,' so as to prevent' them from ever again the'war-oughtto0 cease.". doing harm as enemies, which last-named policy,'And whereas the Senate: offthe United States, is abhorrent to humanity and freedom; on: the 25th -day of July, one' thoisand eight And whereas the Constitution of the United hundred and sibty-'one, adopted a resolution in States provides for constituent communities only the words following to wit:. as States and not as Territories, dependencies, " Resolved, That the'present deplorable civil provinces, or protectorates; wpr has'been forced upon the country by the - And. whereas such, constituent States must nedisunionists of the southern States, now in re- cessarily be and by the Constitution and laws of volt akgainst the, constitutional GoXvernment, and the United States are made equals and placed in arms around the capital; that in this national upon a like footing as to politicalrights, immuemergency Congress, banishing all feeling of'nities, dianity, and power, with the several meire passion or resentment, will recollect only States witi -which they',are united; its: duty'to the whole' country; that:this war is And whereas the observance of political equalnot. -prosecuted' on our'part in any spirit of op- ity as a principle of right and justice is wellcaipression nor for any putrpose' of conquest or sub- culated to encourage the people of the aforesaid juga tion, nor. purpose of overthrowing or inter- States to be and become more and more constant fering with the rights or established institutions and persevering in their renewed allegiance; of. those States, but to. defend and: maitaina nthe And whereas standing armies, military occu-. supremacy of the Constitution and all laws made pation, martial law, military- tribunals, and the in pursuance thereof, and t' preserve.the Union, suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas. with: all teIdignity, lty, and rights of the corpus are, in time of peace, dangerous to public seierail States unimpaired; that'as.soon.as these liberty., incompatible with the. individual rights objects'are accqimplished,' the. war- ought to of the. citizen, contrary to the..genius and spirit cease...'. of our free institutions, and exhaustive of the'And: whereas these resolutiofs,'though not'national resources; and ought'not, therefore, to joint or concurrentJ: in'formi, are sibsta'ntiially be sanctionedor allowed, except in cases of actual identical, and as suci may-be regarded a haying':necessity, for repelling invasion or suppressing expressed the sense of Congress.upoi.the6 subject. insurrection or rebellion; to'wich they relat;' "' And whereas.thepolicy-'ofthe Government of.And whereas b myproclamation.of the thir- the United States, from the beginning of the inteenth day of June last,'the' insr:rection iin' the surrection to its overthrow -and final suppression, Btate.'of Tennesseew as-decl e! to have been las been in conformity ith: the principles heresuppressed, the. authority of: the, United' States in set; forth and enumerated: thereint6o be:undiputed:andsuch United'Stataes:Now, therefore,' I, Anidrew Johnson, Presipficers'as had been dui: commissioned to'be,in: dent of the United. States, do hereby proclaim the undisputed exerciseof their, officialfunctions; and declare that the insurrection which heretoA.":i.whereas there no w: exlsts.no.-organized fore existed in the States.of Georgia,- South ~rmedlresistn- of:'misgui'dd citizens or others, Carolina, Virginia, North.Carolina, Tennessee, ORDERS.AND PROCLAMATIONS. 17 Alabama,. Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi and qualified, over those who. have. n~t faithfully Florida.is at"an en'd,.and'is henceforthi to.'be so:and'.'hinorably served,in the'lanc and:.navyl re.arded.. forces of the United States. In. testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my'' NDREW JOHNSON. hand, and caused'the seal of the -United: States to.be affixed. Order in Relation to Trials by. Eilitary Courts Done. at the city of Washington,, the -second and Commissions. day of April,.in the y'ear'of our Lord WAR DEPAITMENT, [sEAkL; ohe thousand eight hundred and sixty-' ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE, SEAJ''six;, and of the Independence of the WA$HINGTON, May 1, 1866. United States of America the ninetieth. General Orders'No. 26:.ANDREW JOIHNSON.. Whereas some military commanders are emBy the President: barr.assed by doubts as to the operation of the Wm.'H. SEWARD, Secretary of State. proclamation of the President, dated the 2d day ~ — of April, 1866, upon trials'by military courtsOrder in, Relation to Appointments to Office. martial and military offenses, to remove such EXEcUTIvE MANSION, April 7, 1866. doubts, it is ordered by the President that —~ -It is eminently right and proper that that the H.ereafter, whenever.offenses committed by Government of the. United States. should: give civilians are to be tried where civil tribunals are earnest" and substantial evidence of its just ap- in existence which-can try:them, their cases are preciation of the services of the patriotic men not authorized to be, and will not be, brought who, when the life of the nation was imperiled, before military courts-martial or commissions, entered the army and navy to preserve the but will be committed to the proper civil authorintegrity of the Union, defend the Government, ities, This order is not applicable to camp foland maintain and perpetuate unimpaired its lowers, as provided for under the 60th Article of free institutions. It is therefore directed: War, or to contractors and others specified in First. That in appointments to office in the.'section 16, act of July 17, 1862, and sections I several executive departments of the General and 2, act of March 2, 1863. Persons and ofGovernment and the various branches, of the- fenses cognizable by the Rules and Articles of p'ublic service conie'cted with. said departments,' War, and bythe acts of -GCongress:above cited, preference shall be given to such'meritorious and will continue to.be tried; and punished by milihonorably discharged. soldiers and sailors,.par- tary tribunals as.prescribed by.the Rules and ticularly.hose- wo have been disabled by: Articles of War. and. acts of Congress, hereinwounds received or diseases contracted in the after cited, to wit: line of duty, as may possess the proper qualifi- Sixtieth of the Rules and Articles of War. All..-cations.'. sutlers and retainers. to the..camp, and all perSecond. That in all promotions in said.depart- sons whatsoev er.serving with the armies.of the.ments and the several branches of'the public United States'in' the field,. though'not enlisted service connected ther.ewith, such. persons,,shall soldiers, are to be subject to' orders according to have preference, when.equally~ eligible and the rules and discipline of war. * * By order of thleSecretary of War: * The following official, telegraphic correspondence shows E. D. TOWNSEf' the-scope of the proclamation, in the opinion of the Presi- Assistant Adjutant General. dent: _ AUcUSTA, GA., Apil 7,41861. Maj. Gen. 0.0. HO1,WARD: Against:the. Fenian Invasion:of Canada, June Does the.President's recent proclamation, remove martial 6, 1866. law in this State? If so, Gen. Brannan. does not feel au-'.thorized to arrest parties who have'committed outrages on Whereas it bas beeome known to me that freed people or Union refugees. Please answerb y telegrapli. ta evil-disposed persons"have,: tbi nthe terBrig',Gen. of Vols..ritory and jurisdiction. of the United. States, fAnswer.] begun and set on fot,..nd hav'e prov.idedand ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE, WAR DEPARTMENT, and are still- engaged in providing and.The: President's proclamation doesnot remove a preparing,means fora military expedton.and law, or op.erate in any.way upon the Freedmen's Bureau in eterprise,.whiC.h expedition an. enterprise.ito the exeircise of its legitimate jurisdiction. It is not expe- be.carried on fromi the territry and jurisdition dient, however, to.re sort to military tribunal in any case tf.e +1 i;4..q,... ni.;:where justioe:can be attained through the.medium of civil ofthe UnitedSta-tes,gains.oloni.es, disi, cts, authority. E. D TownSsed, A.A.G. and people of Btrish Noorth America, withii the dominions of'the'United'Kingdom:of G.er t ~TO GOVE~RNOR WORTH, OF NORTH cAROLINA'. Britain.and.Ireland,.wiVth.whbich..said colonies,.WASHINCTON, D. C., pril.27, 186(o.. districts, and people, andkingdom the United To.Oov.'WORTH: I am directed bythe Ptesident to'iriform is'tri t n' Stes- itee:you that.by his: proclamation of April 2 1866, it Was not,.. intended'to;interfere. with. military commissions.at. that And wnereas the proceedings. aoresai consutime or-previously organized, or trials then pending. before tute a high misde meanor, forbid en by the laws such commissions, unlessby special instructions the-accused of the were.tobeturned. over'theoi vil authorities. General-Iuger.ited St.ates,as. wellsb.a y. the'aw.o has been.instructed to,.proceed with the trial to.whichyou. nations: rer; but'before te the'ecutibn of any seintence rendered by'~ sNow, therefore, for the purpose of preventing said commission,'to' report.allthe proceedings: to the Warthe carrying on of'the unlawful. ex.r iti6n Department for examination: and irevision. There-hashbeen'. yg ono. e niawi. e on an order this day prepared,.and:which.will soon be:issued, and enterprise'aforesaid,. from:theterritory and which will relieve, arnd settle all embarrassment growing -urisdiction of the U.nited.tates, and to mainout obfa misconstruction of theo.proclamation,'of which I tepbi....eaie as, well:''.as the nationa. will send: yroni~i a -copy.' E ~ dWAbRD,COOPPER,' iencea' e 2 ctin Privat -'et' r ~ t rs hono, arin d he n Publicpae..i nationaol ActingPrwatei~ec~retry. tot redn, honor, an d enforce obeedience. andrespect.to.the 18 POLITICAL MANUAL. laws of the United, States, I, Andrew Johnson, In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my President of the United States, do admonish and hand, and caused the seal of the United States,warn -all good citizens of,the United States to be affixed. against taking part in or in any wise aiding, Done at the city of Washington the sixth day countenancing, or abetting said unlawful pro- of June, in the year of our Lord one ceedings, and I do exhortall jdges, magistrates, [SEAL.] thousand eight hundred and sixtymarshals, and officers in the.service of the United six, and of the. Independence of the States, to emplby all their awful authority and United Statesthe ninetieth. power to prevent and'defeat the aforesaid un-' EANDREW Jo:HNsosN. lawful proceedings, and:to arrest and bring to By'the President: justice all persons who may be engaged therein.* WILLIAM H. SEWARD, Secretary of State.'And, pursuant to the act of Congress in such'...... case made and provided, I do furthermore au- * Circula to the District Attorneys and Marshals of the thorize and empower Major General George G.' United States. -Meade,. commander of the Military Division of ATTORNEY GENERAL'S OFFICE, WASHINGTOr, D. C., June th'e Atlantic, to: emplo the land. and naval 5iseo.-By direction of the President you are hereby instructed to cause the arrest of all prominent, leading, or forces of the United States and the militia conspicuous persons called Fenians, whom you may have thereof, to arrest and prevent the setting on probable cause to believe have been or may be guilty of': ot and: carying o the expedition'and enter- violations of the neutrality laws of the United States..-prise aforesaid' JAMES SPEED, priseaforesaid.' Attomney General. III. ACTION OF THE CONVENTIONS AND LEGISLATURES OF THE LiTELY INsURRECTIONARY STATES. p:NORTH CAROLINA. vided they are not included in any of mne fourteen -:186'5,'Apil 27-~Gen.Schofield announced the!excluded.claSses of the President's amnesty processation.of hostilities within that State. clamation'and, provided further, that they are April 28-Gen. Schofield issued an order that, citizens of the State in accordance with the terms under the emancipation proclamation, all per- prescribed in the preceding paragraph. sons heretofore held as slaves are now free,'and "No person will be allowed to vote who does that it. is the duty of the army to maintain their not exhibit to the inspectors a copy of the amfreedom.. nesty oath, as contained in the President's proMay 29-William W Holden appointed Pro- clamation: of May'29, 1865, signed by himself visional Governor..: and certified by atleast two justicesof the peace.' June 12-Provisional Governor Holden issued The convention to meet October 2.' his proclamation aannouncing his purpose to or- September 29-The colored people of'the State der. an election' for a convention, and to appoint met in convention in Raleigh, and petitioned for justices of the peace to administer the oath of legislation to secure compensation for labor, and allegiance and conduct the'election, &c. enable them to educate.their children, and askJuly: President Johnson ordered the cot- ing proection for the family relation, and for ton of the' State to be, restored to her, and the the repeal of oppressive laws making unjust disproceeds of all that'had been sold to be paid to criminations on account of race or color. her agents.. October 2-Conventionmet. August 8-Provisional Governor Holden fixed' October 7-The secession- ordinance declared Th:ursday, September'21, for.the election of a "null and void." eonvention.''. October 9- -An ordinance passed, declaring -Voters' qualifications: are'thus prescribed slavery.forever' prohibited within the State. " No person will be allowed to vote who is not.October. 10~-O.rdinance passed, providing for a voter qualified as prescribed by the constitu- an election for Governor, members of the.Legistion and laws of the State in force immediately lature, and seven members of Congress November before the'20th-'day of May,,1861,. except that 9, the Provisional Governor to give the certifithe payment of poll tax shall not be required. cates. Each member of the Legislature, and " All paroled soldiers of the army and navy of each voter to be qualified "according to the now the-pretended Confederate States, or of this State, existing constitution of the State:. Provided, and all paroled officersof thearmy and navy ofo That no one shall'be eligible to a seat, or be cathe pretended Confederae States, or ofthis State, pable of voting, who, being free in all. respects, un der andmincluding the rank of colonel, ifiof the shall not,:before' May 29,.1865, have'taklen Presiarmy, and under and includirngthe- rank of lieu- dent'Lincoln's amnesty oath, or have-taken:Presiteniantifof the navy, will be allowed tovote, pro- dent Johnson's oaith,'and' who shall not in CONVENTIONS AND LEGISLATURES. 19 either case be of the excepted classes. All per- Governor, by a vote- of 32,529 to 25,809 for sons who- have preferred petitions for pardon Prov.Gov. Holden. shall be deemed to have been pardoned if the'fact December 15-Governor Worth qualified. of being pardoned shall be announced by the 1866, May 24-The Convention re-assembled. Governor, although the pardon may not have A motion to adjourn sine die was tabled, 61 to 30. been received. The payment of a public tax shall not be required as a qualification of the voter in the elections in November next. SISP, October 12-Convention tabled a proposition 1865, May 10-Governor Clark called an extra to prohibit the payment of the war debt created session of the Legislature for the 18th, to order by the State in aid of the rebellion. a State Convention. October. 16-Ordinance passed, dividing the' May 21-Major General Canby telegraphed State into seven congressional districts. as follows to Major General Warren, commandOctober 1-7-Resolution adopted,'requestnging ingthe department: "By direction of the PresiCongress to repeal the' test-oath."'dent, you will not recognize any officer of the October 18-President Johnson sent this tele- Confederate or State, government, within the gram:''limits of your'command, as authorized to. exerEXECUTIVE OFFICE, cise in any manner whatever the functions of WASHINGTON, D. C., October 18, 1865. their late offices. You will prevent, by force if'W. W. HOLDE, Provisiona Governor: necessary, any attempt of any of the legislatures iof the States in insurrection to assemble for Every dollar of the debt created to aid the of ithe States in insurrection to assemble for islativ e purposes; andwill imprison any memrebellion against the United States should be re- legislative purposes, and will imprison any mempudiated finally and forever. The great mass of bers or other persons who may attempt to exerthe people should not be taxed to greay adbt to cise thesefunctions in opposition toyour orders." the people should not be taxed to pay a debt to J 13-il L. arkey appointed ro-aid. in carrying on a rebellion which they in iiJunem L. S y a d fact, if left to themselves, were opposed to. Let visional Governor. those who have given their, means for the obli- July 1-Prov. Gov. Sharkey issued a proclagations of'the State look. to that.power thely mation, appointing local officers, and fixing an gations of'the State look to that power they electionf a ovention-August7th-voer8 -tried to establish in violation of law, constitu- ele or a Covention uust t otes tion, and.will of the people.' They-must meet to have these qualifications: their fate. It is their misforne, and canot meet "' Voters for delegates to this. convention must rheir fate. It itheir misfortune, and cannotbe s possess the qualifications required by the constirecognized by thepeople of any State professing tution and laws asthey exited prior to the 9th themselve's loyal to the government of the Uni-tution and laws as-they'existed prior to the 9th themselves loyal to the government of the United States'and in the Union. I repeat that the day of January, 1861, and must also produce a loyted Statesoplao the nion I repeat that thbe certificate that they have taken, before a comloyalpeople of North Carolina should be exon- t icer the amnesty oath prescribed by erated from the payment of every dollar of in- teprnclfiatcon ofthe e29th of May, 1865 which debtedness created to aid in carrying on the certifclaate shall be attached to or.,cco mpani rebellion. I trust and hope that the people ofe achd to oraccompanied North C^arolina will wash their hands of every by a copy of the oath, and no. one will be'eligitheir hands of every- ble as a member' of this convention who has not thing that partakes in the slightest degree'of also taken this oath." the rebellion, which has beensorecently crushed Augst 14-onvention by the strong arm of the Government in carry- August 5-P ent on t t ting'out the obligations imposed by the Constitution of the Union., ANDREW JoHNSN gram: EXECUTIVE OFFICE, President of the United States. WASHING D 15,865. WASHqINGTON, D. C., August 15, 1865. October 19-Ordinance passed, that no officer Governor W. L. SHARKEY, Jackson, Miss.: of this State who may have taken.an oath of I am gratified to see that you have organized office to support the constitution of the Confed- your Convention without difficulty: I hope that erate States, shall be capable of holding under without delay your Convention will amend your the State any office of trust or profit'which he State constitution, abolishing.slavery and denyheld when he took such oath, until he may be ing to all future legislatures the power to legisappointed or re-elected tothesame; and all the late that there is property in man; also that they offices lately held by such persons are hereby will adopt the amendment to the Constitution of declared vacant.' the United States abolishing slavery. If you October 19-Convention-yeas 84, nays 12- could extend the elective franchise to all persons passed an ordinance prohibiting the assumption of color who can read the Constitution of the of the State debt created in aid of the rebellion. United States in English and write their names, An amendment'to refer this question to a vote and to all persons of color who own real estate of the people, lost.. valued at not less than two hundred and fifty November. 9-Election of State officers and dollars,.and pay taxes. thereon, you would comRepresentatives'in Congress. Same day, ordi- pletely disarm the adversary and set an example nances repealing secession ordinance and anti- the other States will follow. This you can do slavery ordinance, submitted' to popular vote, with perfect safety, and you thus place the and approved.. southern States, in reference to free persons of -November 13-Legislature met. color, upon the,same basis'with the free States. December 1-The Legislature ratified, with I hope and trust your convention will do this, six dissenting voices, the anti-slavery amend- and, as a consequence, the radicals,'who are wild ment. upon negro franchise, will be completely foiled December 9-Jonathan Worth declared elected in their attempt to keep the southern States 20 POIJTICAL MANUAL. ~from:reinewiang thbeir relations to tihe Union by pensions, and`iave'f6jrfited' the:sa-me"'by" ting not accepting their senators and repiesentatives.*: apart in the late war: gainstthe UnitedStates,:;A!iDREW^ J Nsso0, JPrHidents of the U.7.. sh1all be exemptfrtoin'p11 tax.. u.li~Agust~ l-Ordinance passedth.at'the insstitutfion of-slavery having beend'estroyed in the GEORGIA. State of Mississippi," neither. slavery nor invol- 1865, May 3-Gov. Joseph E. Brown issued'a' untary servitude, &e.; shall herea;fter exist in the proclarmfation calling an extra meeting of the Spate, - Legislature for 22d. August 21-An election ordered for:first on- May 14-Maj.Gen. Gillmore issued an order'day in` October for State and county.officers, and annulling this proclamation, aild directing'the Representatives in Congress in'the several;con-: persons interested not-to heed it. gressional districts as they'ere fixed by. the' June 17-James Johnsn appointed'Prolegislature'in.1857.. visional Governor..'Agust 22 —Secession- ordinance declared, null July 13-Prov. Gov. Johnson'issued a proc-'and,vo~id.'~.^.~lamation fixing the first Wednesday' in October ~October 7'-The colored citizens of Mississippi foiran election for delegates to a ConventionnPet in convention, and.protested against the re- these to b.e the qualifications of voters:: actionarv policy prevailing, and expressing', the' That no person at such election: shall be ear that the Legislature will pass such proscrip- qualified'as an elector, or shall be eligible as a tive laws as will drive the freedmnen from the member'of such convention,'unless he s all'have S.tate, or practically re-eenslave them. previously'thereto taken and subscribed to the October. 16-Legislature met.'.oath of amnesty, as set forth in the'President's October 17-Benjamin G'. Humphreys inaugu- proclamation of May 29, A. D.'1865, and is a rated Governor. voter qualified' as prescribed by the constitution November 20-~GdoverriOr Hump.hreys. sent a and laws of the State of Georgia, in force-immemessage recommending that negroes be permitted diately before the 19th of January, A.. D 1861, to sue and.be sued, and.give testimony, and that the, date of the so-called ordinance of secession." the.freedmen be encouraged to'engage in pur- October 7-Names of members elect requiring suits of industry, and that. a militia bill, be pardons sent to the President, and pardons repassed,,'.' to protect'our people against inisurrec- turned, as in each of the other States. tion, or any possible combination of vicious October 25-. Convention met. white men and negroes.'. October'30-Secession ordinance repealed; orNovember 24-:-Bill passed' "reserving twenty dinance passed-dividing the State- into-seven conp.er cent. of the revenue of the State as a fund gressional: districts. for the relief of destitute disabled Confederate Novemiber 4 —'Slavery'declared abolished, "the "and State soldiers, and their widows, and for the Governmient of thee United States having, as a support and education of indigent children of war measure, proclaimed al slaves held or owned deceased or disabled'Confederate or.-State sol- in this State emancipated from slavery, and diers, to be' distributed annually," &c. having carried: that proclama'tion into fu'll pracNovember 27-The joint:committee reported tical'effect.!" "'rovided, That acquiescenceminthe against ratifying the anti-slavery amendment, action of the Government of the United States,for reasons given; andl'the Legislature adopted is not intended to operate as.a relinquishment, it. or waiver, or estoppel, f. such claim for compenNovember 29 —The Legislature adopted a'sation'of loss sustained9 by reason of the.eman-.memorial to the Congress.of the United States,'cipation' of his slaves,'as any citizen of Georgia asking for the repeal of the' test oath." No- may hereafter make upon the justice and magvember'22, oneefor'the pardon of Jacob Thomp- nanimity of that Government."'son. November 8, one for the'pardon of Jeffer-'Novemberr 8-The State debt of Georgia,'ZonlDavis.'. incurred in aid' of.the' rebellion, declared null Decemb'er 1b'-'' -The -' name of' J6nes'county and void —yeas' 133;:nays 117. Pending.this changed';to-Davis..;. proposition these telegrams were sent: D 3ece'mber;5-~Bill.'passed, taxiing each male MILLEDGEVILLE, GA., Octdber 27, 1865. inhabitant of the State, between' 21and 60, 1, His Excellency AnDB.EW JOHSONSN,'and authorizing any -person havig in his or her President of the United States: employ.any one. ubject t6 the tae x, to pay it and We need some aid to repeal the war debt.'charge it.to the person'fori vhom paid. All offi- Send me word on the subject.'What should the cers and enlisted men who have'herefore received Convention do? J. JoHNsoN,.*As:bearingupon this point, -this letter from the late'Provsional Governor of Georgia. President Lincoln, on a similar occasion, has value: ExAEcriNv MANSION, EXECUTIVE OFFICE, "on..MICA. L:HAaiN:.- WsiiNoToN;'arca 1i3, 186 WAsxin o0 WD. C., October 28, 1865. MY DER SIR: Icongitulate,;youi on having fixed your JAMES JOHIxsoxNI, Provisional Governor: name i6nhistory as thefirstfree StateOovernorof Louisiana. Your espatel abeen'receive Thepeople Now you:aire about: tob have:-a,.convention,' which,:among., d a b b..r other things, will probably define the elective,'franchise. I of Georgia should not hesitate one single moment barely suggest, for your,private'consideration,.whether in repudiating every single dollar of debt created some of the:colofed people may n otblet -in,'as,for instance,'for- the purpose: f aiding the rebellion against the very intelligent,:andespecially-those'who' have fougfht gallantly in our ranks..They would probably help, in some.h'e G overnment of thle United States. It will'trying tim:i't cme, to kcme, toeep the:jewelof liberty in the!nQt( do to levy' and collecet taxes from a State and "i iy.of-eeaom.'Bu' thhs is only sggestion, not -to. people that are' loyal and in the.Union, topay thoe'public,'but to you aloneN....a bt.that was.created"'td in an"'et' take Truly yours, A. LINCOLN, a etta a rae o aid in an'etr ot~ CONVENiI0!C$N ANP: LEGISLATURES. 21 th.em.:out, and. tlheroeby sub vert the Constitution c.ers'her.einafter:appointed: for that purpose in df thele,.United States. I do.not b0elieve theI gr.eat the county wherei he offers'to vote; and an irass of the people of thle State of Georgia, when person offering to' ote in violation of these rules left uninfluenced, wilf ever submit to the pay- or the laws of Alabahma on the.llth of J'anuary, ment of, a debt- which'was the main cause of.1861, will be punished. bringing on their past and present suffering, the September 12~ —Convention met. result of the rebellion. Those w,ho.vested their September 18-Election for State officers fixed capital in the creation of this debt must meet, for. first. Monday in November -the Provisional their fate,, and, take it as one of the inevitable Governor authorized to order an election for Rep-. results of the rebellion, though it. may seem hard -resefitatives in Congress. to them. It should at once be, made known at September 20 —Slavery abolished, "as the inhomze and abroad, that no, debt contracted for stitution of slavery has been.destroyed in the the purpose of dissolvinig the Union of the States State'of' Alabama.'. Secession ordinance decan. or ever will'be.paid by taxes levied on the'dared "null and void." Rebel State debt. reprpeople for such purpose..' diated,;'60. to. 19'.ANDREW JoHX', oN' September 30S Convention adjourned. Prsienlt:of'the United States. Nov.ember 20.Legisature met. December 2-Anti-slavery amendment ratified Hon. W. H, SE ARD: in:mthis form:'Weare pressed on thewar debt. Whatshould lst. That the foregoing amendment to *the thie Convention do?''J. Jo.HsoN,: Constitution of the United States be, and the same. Provisional.Governor'6. Georgia. is hereby, ratified, to. all intents and purposes, MILLEDGEVILLE, 0Qtober 2, 1865.''as part bf; the Constitution of the.United States. -...~'....''~' —:'.2d. That this amendment to the Constituftion His Excellency JAMES JoHxSO', of the United States is.adopted by the LegislaProvisional Gove'rnr of Georgia: ture of Alabama with the understaniding that it Your several telegrams have been received. does not confer upon'Congress:.the power: to The President of the nited States cafn6t recog-: legislate upon the:political status of freedmen in. nize the people of any State'is having resumed this State. the relations of loyalty -t the Union that admits 3d.:That'the gdvernor of the State be, and. he as legal, obligations contracted or debts created is hereby, requested to forward'to the President in their name,'to promote the war of the rebel- of the Jnited. States.an authenticated copy.of lion. WILOM H.8 SEWA1D6. i' the foregoing preamble and.resolutions. "'W~AStBIiNGTOi, October28, 1865.:' December 5-The Presideltsent this response: November 8-Convention adjourned. His Excellency L. E. PARSONs, Nove mber 15-Election held for'State officers,.rovisional Governor:. and Rtepresentatives in Congress.' The President:congratulates you and the D'December 4~-Legislaturemt I..j country upon:the acceptance of the congressional'December- 5-Legislatur'e ratified the anti-sla- amendment of the'Constitution bf the United ve~ry anmendment.'''States by the State of Alabama, which vote,'"866' January e-A convention of colored per'- being the twenty-seventh, fills up the-complesopns at Augusta advocated a; proposition to give ment of two-thirds and gives' the almendmeent those who could write and read well, and pos- finishing effect as a part of the organic law of sesed'a certain property' qualificationthe right the land. WILLIAM H. SEWARD. of7'iffrage. WASHINGTON, December 5, 1865" - March,1O-Bill passed legislature, authorizing 1866 January 8-The Legislature re-asseman extr'ataxU, theeaount to be fixed by thegrand- bled. ~:. jnesbut not to exceed two per cent. upon the Gov. R. M. Patton. vetoed three bills. He Stalte~ tax, for the' ben'efit of indigent soldiers and veto'dhthe bill to regulate contract with freedthe indigent families of.deceasedsoldiers of'the mn, becausse ri speial law is, necessafry-.' He confederate and State trpis.Artificialarms adds: id legs;to be furnishe disabled soldiers. "Iformation.from various parts of the State.~~~~A.~'.~ shows' that negroes are everywhere malking'corn-.ALABAA'. -~ tr'~acGt for'thepresent year upon terms that'are 1.85'6, une 21~-eLwis E. P.arsons appointed entirely satisfactory to theemnployer. They re Provisional Governor. also'eritering faithfully upon thedischaire of July 20-Provisional Governor Parsons issued the'obligatins con'tracted.: There is everyprosa proclamation, fixing August 31 for an election pect that'the engagement formed will be ohfor a Convention, uder these restrictions: But served with perfect' good faith.f I, therefor'e no person can vote in said' election or be a can- think that special laws for regulating contracts'didate for' election, who is not a legal voter as between whitesand freedmen would accomplish the'w wass on that day; and itI he is excep- no'good andnight result mi much harm.",ted from the benefit of annesty, under. the. Governor'Patton has also'vtoedthe: bill "to'resdnt's proclaation'a ofteth May 1865 extend the criminal laws of theL'State applicable eM t-have'obtained' aprdon' to frep persoons ofcolor to frdedmen, free negrs'Every~i persdoni imustvoei thecounty of his nd meulattoes Hesa' resicenc, and, before he is allowed to do' somust " The bill proposes to apply to the fr6edmen a takd and. subscribe'th'e'oaih of amnesty'pie system of laws- enacted -for the'.governmei t of Scribed' in the Priesident i proclamation of' the free negpro es siding' ina community where 9t of May,'1865, before s eone ofthe oiffi- slavery existed havecarefully exami'Lthe 22 POLITICAL MANUAL. laws which, under this bill, would be applied to September 19-Slavery declared abolished, the freedmen; and I think that a mere recital "theslavesin South Carolinahavingbeen emanciof some of their provisions will show the impol- pated by the action of the United States authoriicy and injustice of enforcing them upon the ne- ties." groes in their new condition." September 27-Election ordered for third Governor Patton has also vetoed " a bill en- Wednesday in October, for State officers. Ordititled an act to regulate the relations of master nance passed, creating four congressional disand apprentice, as relate to freedmen, free ne- tricts. groes and mulattoes," because he deems the September 29-Convention adjourned. present laws amply sufficient for all purposes of October 18-James L. Orr elected Governor. apprenticeship, without operating upon a par- October -Legislature met. ticular class of persons. This telegraphic correspondence occurred: The Legislature passed a tax bill, of which EXECUTIVE OFFICE these are two sections: ~TWASHINGTON, D. C., October 28, 1865. "12. To sell, or expose for sale, for one year, B F PERRY, Provisional Governor: at any one place, any pictorial or illustrated Your last two despatches have been received weekly, or any monthly paper, periodical or and the pardons suggested have been ordered. magazine, published outside the linits of thi I hope that your Legislature will have no hesiState, and not in a foreign country, and to vend ancy in adopting the amendment to the Constithe same on the streets, or on boats or railroad t the ted tates abolising slavery. cution of the United States abolishing slavery. cars, ~fift~ dy0118rS.))It will set an example which will no doubt be "13. To keep a news depot for oneyear, in any followed by the other States, and place South city, town or village, for the sale of any news- Carolina in a most favorable attitude before the paper, periodical or magazine, notincluding pic- nation. tst in od ha it il b doe. torials provided for in the preceding paragraph, The nation and State will then be left free and ten dollars." untrammeled to take that course which sound The Legislature passed some joint resolutions policy, wisdom, and humanity may suggest. on the state of the Union, of which this, the fourth, ANDREW JouNSO, Presuidet'. is the most important: " That Alabama will not voluntarily consent to change the adjustment of political power as EXECUTIVE OFFIdE, fixed by the Constitution of the United States, WASHINGTON, D. C., October 31, 1865. and to constrain her to do so, in her present B. F. PERRY, Provisional Governor: prostrate and helpless condition, with no voice There is a deep interest felt as to what course in the councils of the nation, would be an un- the Legislature will take in regard to the adopjustifiable breach of faith; and that her earnest tion of the amendment to the Constitution of the thanks are due to the President for the firm stand United States abolishing slavery, and the ashe has taken against amendments to the Consti- sumption of the debt created to aid in the rebeltution forced through in the present condition of lion against the government of the United States. affairs." If the action of the convention was in good faith, The code became operative June 1st, under a why hesitate in making it a part of the Constiproclamation of Governor Patton. tution of the United States? ____ I trust in God that restoration of the Union SOUTH CAROLINA. will not now be defeated, and all that has so far 1865, May 2-Gov. Magrath issued a procla- been well done thrown away. I still have faith mation that the confederate stores within the that all will come out right yet. State should be turned over to State officers, to This opportunity ought to be understood and be distributed among the people. appreciated by the people of the southern States. May 8-Gov. Magrath summoned the State " If I know my own heart and every passion officers to Columbia to resume their duties. which enters it, my earnest desire is to restore May 14-Maj. Gen. Gillmore issued an order the blessings of the Union, and tie up and heal annulling the Governor's acts, and notifying the every bleeding wound which has been caused by persons interested not to heedhis proclamations. this fratricidal war. Let us be guided by love June 30-Benjamin F. Perry was appointed and wisdom from on high, apd Union and peace Provisional Governor. will once more reign throughout the land. July 20-Prov. Gov. Perry issued a proclama- ANDREW JOHNSON. tion fixing the first Monday of September for an election for a State Convention-the qualifica- CoLUMBIA, S. C., November 1, 1865. tions of voters being thus prescribed: His Excellency ANDREW JOHNSON, Every loyal citizen who had taken the amnesty President United States: oath, and not within the excepted classes in the I will send you to-day the whole proceedings President's proclamation, will be entitled to vote, of the State Convention, properly certified, as provided he was a legal voter under the consti- you request. tution as it stood prior to the secession of South The debt contracted by South Carolina during Carolina. And all who are within the excepted the rebellion is very inconsiderable. Her exclasses must take the oath and apply for a pardon, penditures for war purposes were paid by the in order to entitle them to vote or become mem- confederate government. She has assumed bers of the convention. no debt, or any part of any debt, of that governSeptember 13-Convention met. ment. Her whole State debt at this time is only September 15-Secession ordinance repealed, about six millions, and that is mostly for rail107 to 3. roads and building new State-house prior to the CONVENTIONS AND LEGISLATURES., 23 war. The members of.the Legislature say they amendment, in conflict with the policy of the have received no -official information of the'President, declared inhis amnesty proclamation, amendment of the Federal Constitution abolish- and, with the restoration of that harmony upon ing slavery. They have no objection to adopt- which depend the vital interests of the American ing the first section of the amendment proposed; Union. but they fear that the second section may be -Respecting the.repudiation of the rebel State construed to give Congress power of local legisdg...ebt, this telegraphic correspondence took place: lation over the negroes, and white cmen, too, elegraphcorrespondencetookplac after the abolishment of slavery., In good faith DEPARTMENT OF STATE, South Carolina has abolished slavery, and never WASHINGTON, Nov. 20, [865. will wish to restore it again. His Excellency B. F. PERY, The Legislature is passing a code of laws pro- Provisional Governor: viding.ample and complete protection fQr the Your despatch of this date was received at negro. There is a sincere desire to do every- half-past 10 o'clock this morning. This freedom thing necessary to a restoration of the Union, of loyal intercourse between South Carolina and and tie up and heal every bleeding wound which her sister States is manifestly much better and has been caused by this fratricidal war. I was wiser than separation. The President and the elected United States Senator by a very flatter- whole country are gratified that South' Carolina ing vote. The other Senator will be. elected to- has accepted the congressional amendment to the day. B_ F. PERRY, Constitution abolishing slavery. Upon reflection Provisional Governor. South Carolina herself would not care to come ~-~~. again into the councils of the Union incumbered WASHINGTON, November 6, 1865. and clogged with debts and obligations which His Excellency -B. F., PERwRY, Prov. Gov.-: had been assumed.in her name in a vain attempt Your despatch to the President of November 4 to subvert it. The President trusts that she will has been received. He is not entirely satisfied lose no time in making an effective organic decwith the explanations it contains. He deems laration, disavowing all debts and obligations necessary the passage of adequate ordinances created or assumed in her name or behalf in aid declaring that all insurrectionary proceedings in of the rebellion. The President waits further the State were unlawful and void ab:initio. events in South Carolina with deep interest. Neither the Constitution nor laws direct official ou will remain in the exercise of your funcinformation to:the State of amendments to the tions of provisional governor until relieved by Constitution submitted by Congress. Notices of his express directions. WM. H. SEWARD. the amendment by Congress abolishing slavery were nevertheless given by the Secretary of COLUMBIA, November 27, 1865. State at the'time to the States which were then Hon.'W. H. SEWARD: Your telegram of the in communication with this Government. For- 20th instant was not received in due time, owing mal notice will immediately be. given to those to my absence from Columbia. The ConvenStates which were then in insurrectntion. o having been dissolved, it is impracticable The objection you mention to the last clause to enact any organic law in regard to the war of th'e'constitutional amendment is regarded as debt..That debt is very small, as the expendiquerulous'and unreasonable, becausethat clause tures of South Carolina were reimbursed by the is really restraining in its effect, instead of.en- confederate government. The debt is so mixed larging the powers of Congress. The President up with the ordinary expenses of the State that considers the acceptance of the amendment by it cannot be separated. In South Carolina all South Carolina as indispensable to a restoration were guilty of aiding the rebellion, and no one of her relations with the other States of the can complain of being taxed to pay the trifling Union. WILLIAM H. SEWARD. debt incurred by his own assent in perfect November 7-Provisional Governor -Perry good faith. The Convention did all that the sent a message communicating these telegrams,. President advised to be done, and I thought it and recommending the ratification, and that wrong to keep a revolutionarybody in existthey "place on record the construction which ence and advised their immediate dissolution, had been given to the amendment by the execu- which was done. There is now no power in the tive department of the Federal Government." Legislature to repudiate the debt if it were pos-'November 13-The Legislature ratified the sible to separate it from the other debts of anti-slavery amendment, in this form: the State. Even then it would fall on widows 1. Resolved, &c., That the aforesaid proposed and orphans whose estates were invested in it amendment of the- Constitutioi of'the United for safety. B. F. PERRY, States be, and the same is hereby, accepted, and Provisional Governor. adopted and ratified by this State. 2. That a certified copy of the foregoing pre- DEPARTMENT OF STATE, amble and resolution be forwarded by his.excel- WASHINGTON, November 30, 1865. lency the Provisional Governor to the President SIR: I have the honor to acknowledge the of the United States, and also to the Secretary receipt of your telegram of the 27th instant, imof State of the United States. forming me, that as the Convention had been 3. That any attempt by. Congress towards le- dissolved, it was impossible to adopt the Presigislating upon the political status of former dent's suggesstin to repudiate the insurgent slaves,.or their civil relations, would be contrary'debt, and to in orm you that while theobjecto the Constitution of the! United States as, it tions which you urge to the adoption of that.,,iow is, or as it would be altered by the proposed proceeding are of a' serious nature, the..r;esi 24 POLITICAL MANUAL. dent cannot refrain from awaiting with interest manding the people to give it no heed whatan official expression upon that subject from, the ever... Legislature.* July 13-William Marvin appointed ProI have the honor to be, sir, your obedient ser- visional Governor. vant,.WILLIAM H. SEWVARD. August 3-Provisional Governor Marvin His Excellency B. F. PERRY. called an election for delegates to a convention November-The colored State Convention ad- for October 10th-these provisions governing dressed a memorial to'Congress, asking that the election: equal suffrage be conferred upon them in com- Every, free white male person of the age of mon with the white men of the State. twenty-one years and upwards, and who shall November 22-Election held for Representa- be at the time of offering to vote a itizen of the tives in Congress.'United States, and who shall have resided and R t.in. i ad. thad his home in this State for one year next Respecting their admission there was this,. t especting their admissiond e here was this preceding the election, and for six months in telegraphic correspondence: ~ telegrphic orrespondec: ithe: county in which he may offer to vote, and' COLUMBIA, S.'C., November 27, 1865. who shall have taken andsubscribedthe oath of President JOHNSON:' amnesty, as set forth'in the President's proclamaWill you please inform me whether the South tion of amnesty of the 29th day of May, 1865, and Carolina'members of Congress should be in if he comes withinthe exceptions' contained in -Washington at the organization of the House. said proclamation, shall have taken said oath, Will the Clerk of the House call their names if and have been specially pardoned by the Presitheir credentials are presented to. him? Will dent,. shall be entitled to. vote in the county the test oath be required, or will it be refus'd where he resides and shall be eligible as amemby Congress[? If the members are not allowed ber of said convention, and none others'. Wheie to take their seats they do not wish to the person offering to vote comes within the exincur the trouble and expense of going on, ceptions contained in the amnesty proclamation, and the mortification of being rejeted.. Do and shall have taken the amnesty oath, arid give your views and wishes. shall have made application to. the President for B. F. PERRY, a special pardon through the. Provisional GovProvisibondl Governor. ernor, and shall have been recommended by * ~-....:. him for such pardon, the inspectors or judges ExEcuTIVE OFFICE,' of the election may, in most instances, properly Washington, D. C., N ovember 27, 1865. presume that such pardon has been granted,. B. F. PERRY, Provision-al-Governor:. though, owing to the want of mail facilities, it.I do not think it necessary for.the members may not have been received by the party at the eliect from South Carolina to be preset at the time of the election. organization of Congress. On the contrary, it "Free white soldiers, seamen, and marines in' Will e'better policy to present their certificates the army or navy of the United States, who.of election after the two Houses are organized, were qualified by, their residence to vote in said and then it will be a simple question under the State at the time of'their'respective enlistments, Constitution of the mnembers taking their seat,. and who shall have'taken and subscribed the am-.GchHIouse imust judge for itself the election, nesty oath, shall be entitled to vote in the county returns, and qualifications of. its own members.'where they respectively reside. But no soldier, As'to whatthe two'Houses will do in reference seaman, or marine not a' resident in the State t. to the oath now required to be taken before the'the time of his enlistment shall be allowed to members can take their seats is unknown to me,'vote." and I do not like to predit.; but, upon the October 25-Convention met. whiole, I am of opinion that it would be better. October 28.-Secession ordinance annulled. fori the question to come upi and be disposed of November 6-Slavery abolishe'd-" slavery after the two House'have. been organized. having been destroyed in the State by the GovI hopethat your Legislature will. adopt a.code ernment of the Uniited States." Same ordinance -in. reference to free persons of color that will be gives colored people the right t'testify in all acceptable to the country, at the same time doing cases where the person. or property of such perjustice to the white and colored population. son is involved, but denies them the right to.NDRADEW Jo HNSON, testify where the interest of the white class are Presiden nt ofj the United States. involved. *.^.-....' Same'day-Rebel State debt repudiated. A'FLORIDA, -'bill was first passed submitting. this question to' 1865, April: 8:-Abraham K. Allison, Presi- a vote of the people- but this was reconsidered, dent of the rebel Senate, of Florida, announced on finding this was a condition of recognition by the death of John Miiton, rebel Governor, and' the execuitive branch ofthe.governuient, and the appointed June 7 for election of a successor. direct repudiation adopted.' May 14 —Major'Gen'eral. Gillmbre issued an November.29-Election held.under an ordiorder annulling tilis procl'amation and corm- nance of the Convention for State officers and * December'2-I-Befoire' adjo. rnifig, tle subject of tlle- presetative Congress. putidiation: of the war debt was referrd to'.the:Committee December 18-Legislature met.. onlFederal Relations, who recpnimmeiled the appointment. December 28-'Anti-.slaveiy amendment ratiofa specialjoint committee of both'ousesfto inquire led, with this declaratory resolution a part of the amount of such debt due by:theStaste, and'to wahom. X -.. - due;-and to report at the next regular session:o the Le^gi- the: ratifyin in strument: lature, which will be in November,,1866.'- " esolve, That this amendment t the Oon CONVENTIONS AND- LEISLATURES. 25 stitution of thle United States is- adop:ted byr the the United:States'as,indispensable to a successLegilature of the State of Florid-a, withthe: un-fl restoration of the, true legal relations be-. derstanding that it does. not confer upon the tween Florida:and the other.States. and equally Congress the power to legislate upon the politi- indispensable to the return of peace an.'har-. cal status of the freedmen in this State."' mony. througholutthe-t epublic. enlding this action, this,telegraphic corres- WILInnAM H. SEWARD. pondence took- plce: -' DEPARTMi ENT OF STATE, V-IRGIIA. WASHINGTON, September 12, 1865. SiRn: Your excellency's letter of the 29th ulti-.1865, April 4-President Lincoln Visited mo, with the accompanying proclamation, has Richmond.... been received and submitted to the President April 7-An informal meeting of.privateinThe steps to which it refers, towards'-reorganizing diviauals, among whom were five or ix members the government of. Florida, seem to- be in the of the rebel legislature in Richmondw, as had to main judicious, and good results from:them may consider a suggestion that tie tLegislature rebe hoped for. The presumption to which the assemble to call a C0nvention.to restore.Virginia proclamation refers, however, in favor. of in- to the Union, said to be with the. concurrence of surgents who may wish to vote, and'who:may President Lincoln. have applied for, butnot re6eived, their pardons, April 12-This address was ublished in the is'not entirely approved. All applications for Richmod WMg: pardons will be duly considered, and will be/dis- -ADDRESS TO TEE PEOPLE OF VIRGIBIA. posed of as soon as may be practicable. It must,' ndersigned members of the Legislature iowever,bedistinctlyunderstoodthatthie-reitorahowever, be distinctlyunderstoodthatther - of the State of Virginia, in connection with a, tion to.which your proclamation refers will be numberof thecitens of theState, whose -Y,~ber' the.citizns of: the"State, whose subject to the decision of Congress., aes are attached to this paper, in view'ofthe have-the honor to be', your excellenys obedi- evacuation of the city of Richmond by the Coneat servant, -. WInLIA H. SEWA'RD. federate government and its occupation by the His Excellency WILLIAM MAVIN. military authorities of-the United States, the'-"Ia^a~ H......o~a L "i surrender of the. army of northern Virginia, OFFIcE OF TEEPROVISINAL GOVEO ad' the; suspension' ofthe jurisdictioni of the:. TAiA3AS9SEEi F LFA., October 7, 1865. civil power of the. State, are of the opinion that'*'.* I have said that the Convention mmediate etinofthe GeneralAssembly will, in good faith, abolish'slavery; but I thin of he State is clled r by thexigenciesof the it:probable that the Legislature, which will —be situation Theconsentof themiliaryauthrielected:and convened at.an'early period,.wiil St T n o ml u i - elected and convened at.an early period, will ties. of the United States to a. session of the feel some reluctance against ratifying the pro- Legislature in Richmond, in connection with posed amendment to the Constitution of the the Governor. and Lieutenant Governor, to theirUnited States. The principal argumenturged fredeliberation upon public affairs, and to the against the.ratification is, that the Legisla.ture ingress and dearre of all its members und willther.eby assist to impose abolition on Ken- safe conduct, has'been obtained. tucky and Delaware, which have not yet abol- United States authorities will afford transished slavery... If.the President. should think it potation from any point under their control to desirable that the Legislature' sholud ratify thepotatio from any poin bef m entioned. any of the persons'before mentioned. proposed amendment,either with a view to pro- The matters to be submitted to the Legislature.mote a more. complete reconciliation between are the restoration of peace toethe State ofVirthe North and the South, or for any other reason, ginia, and. the adjustment of the. questions, inhepossibly may not deem it amnisstocommunioate volving'life, liberty and'property, that have to me his wishes on the subject. -is wishes:on arisen in the State as a consequence of war. the subject would be very potent in the State. W therefore, earnestly request the Governor,'We, therefore,. earnestly-'re'quest the Governor, The military authorities in the' State, under Lieutenant Governor;' and-members ofthe Legisthe command of Major General Foster, are ren lature, to repair to this city by the 25th of Apil, dering.me every possible assistance in sending instant..,. out notices.and proclamations of the election,iA We understand that full protection to persons the absence of mail facilities, and no disagree- and property will be.afforded-in the State; and ments exist between us. we recommend to peaceful citizens to remain at I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your their homes and pursue their usual avocations'obedient servant,..,,.. with confidence tliat they.will not be interrupted. WM. M SARVIN, Provisional.G-overhnor. -WVe earnestly solicit the attendance in RichHon. W. H. SEWARD, Secretary of State. mond, on or before the 25th of, April, instant, EPR- ENT O. of the following persons, citizens of' Virginia,; DEPARTMENT OF STATE, to confer with us as to the best:means of restorWASHEINTON, November l, 1865. in gpeace to the State of Virginia.'We:have His Excellency WILLI MARVIN,, secured safe' conduct from the military authori-. —...- - Provisional Governor: ties of the United,States for them to, enter the Your letter of October 7 was received and city'and depart without molestation: submitted to the President. He is gratified with. lHons. R, M. T. Hunter, -A. T.. Caperton, Wm.'the favorable progress towards reorganization C. RivesAJohn Letcher, A. H.;'H.'.Stuart, B.. L. in- Florida, and directs. me'to say that he re- Montague, Fayette M.Mullen,.J. P. Holconbe, gards the ratification by the'Legislature of.the Alex. Rives, B. Johnson:Barbour:, las. Barb.our, congressional amendment of the Constittitation of Wm. L: Goggin, J. B,.Baldwin: Thop'. S. GQhpl 26.o LITICAL. MANUAL. son, Waller Staples, S. D.'MilIer, Thos. J. Ban- Virginia together, as the rightful Legislature of dolph, Wm.'T.- Early, R. A. Claybrook, John the State, to settle all differences with the United Critcher Williams, T. H. Eppes, and those other States. I have done no such thing. I spoke of persons for whom passports have been procured, them not as-a legislature, but as " the gentleand especially others whomrnwe consider it un- men who have acted as, the.Legislature of Vir-.necessary to mention.i Signed- ginia in support of the rebellion." I did this A. J. lVMarshall, Senator from Fauquier. on purpose to exclude the assumpti'onthat I was John Wesson, Senatorfrom Marion. recognizing them as a rightful body. I dealt James Veniable, Senator elect from Petersburg. with them as men having power de facto to do David J. Burr, of'the House'of Delegates, a specific thing, to wit, "to withdraw the Virfrom Richmond.. ginia troops and other support from resistance'David J. Saundersl of the —House of Delegates, to the General Government," for which, in the Richmond city.. aper handed to Judge Campbell, I promised a L. S. Hall, of the House of Delegates, Wetzel specific equivalent, to wit, a remission to the Gounty);,' people of the State, except in certain cases, the J. J.' English, of the iHouse' of' Delegates, confiscation of their property. I meant this and Henrico county. no more. Inasmuch, however, as'Judge Camp-,Winm.Ambers, of the House of Delegates, bellmisconstrues this, and is still. pressing for an Chesterfield county..'. armistice, contrary to the explicit statement of A. M. Keetz, House Delegates, Petersburg. the paper I gave him; and particularly as Gen..H..W. Thomas, Second Auditor, Richmond. Grant has since captured the Virginia troops, so.:Lieutenant L. L. Moncure, Chief Clerk, Second -that'giving a consideration for their withdrawal Auditor's office. is no longer applicable, let myletter to you and.Joseph Mayo, Mayor, ity of. Richmond..the paper to Judge Campbell both be withdrawn Robert S. Howard,.Clerk..:Hustings Court, or countermanded, and he be notified of it. Do Richmond city....'. not now allow them to assemble;.'but if any:.' Thomas W. Dudley, Sergeant, Richmond city. haye come, allow them safe return to their homes. L..Iittleton:Tazewell, Commonwealth's Attor- A. LINCOLn. ney: Richmond city.:'' * Wm.-T. Jaynes,.Judge dof.~the Circuit Court, May 9-President Johnson issued.an execu*Petersburg..J.nesJudgeo -'ercuit.Go, tive order recognizing the Pierpoint AdminisPetersburg.,., JohnA. MeedithJudgeoftheCircuit tration as that of Virginia. (See President [;'.Jolhn'r 2.A.Mereditbh,tJudgef thl e Circuit ourt, Johnson's Orders, p. 8.): Richmond...'Wi. H.. Lyons, Judge' of: the' Hustinags Court,' June 19 —Legislature met. ~ Richmond..' ~'''''''' June 20-Bill passed prescribing means by which persoqn who.have been disfranchised by -,Wm. C. WikhamMember f ongrs,-Win. C. Wickham, Memberof Congres. s, Rich- the.third articl'-of the constitution may be remond.',; *.Benjamin S. Ewell, President of William and stored to the rights of voters. [It provides, Mary College.''' -' substantially, that persons, otherwise qualified Nat. Tyler, editor Ric.mond En' quTrer as voters, who take the amnesty oath and an. F. WalkerpueditorRshrer. oath: to uphold the executive government of J. R.: Andeso n. X.:R m.Virginia, shall be qualified as voters.] J.M.. Anetrson, Richmon:. 1 R.R. Ho.wierson, Richmonrd. _June 21-Bill passed submitting to a vote of.WR..^Goddin, Richmond.,th'e people whether the legislature to be chosen W, Goddin,~ Itichmond.,: *P. G.Bagloy, Richmond. at the next election should have power to alter F. J. gSmith, Richmocnd.'. or amend the third article of the constitution, *.Franklin Sterns,_ He nrico.' which is in these wordsi: PoE''ynl' -teb rsbuRgc. -' No':person shall vote or hold office under JoThn' Lyodn, e ersburg. this constitution who has held office under the Thom.Ma B. Fisoher, 1Fauqier. "so-called'Confederate government, or under'any Wyimn.M. Harison, Charies City.' rebellious State government, or who has been a CTyhrus Hal, Ritchie.'Kina Q member of the so-called Confederate Congress, Thos. W. SGaonett,-'Kingland' Queen..- or a member of any State Legislature in rebelesAI conourcinthe'tprecedingchm recome tiond.. lion against the authority of the United States, ~I concur in`the.-precdinrecommendation., c- r i' t p'r:e'ei''Ar nd;i excepting therefrom the county officers." Apre:for publication in, t. hg ad June 23-Legislature adjourned.,Appr^ved. f-r pubiication- in thle' in handbilld!fo r GWEpublicatonin th andin'October 12-Election held for Representatives h:.- ( >::.::.:aor j:'Ganera Coandi. in Congress. The vote on.empowering the -R. o D V.,f ^orit 11''enera865 I'm- d.. Legislature to alter the third article almost RO i:o.,. VA., A...l 5.. - unanimously affirmative. - Aprili12-Said authority revolkd in this:tele- December 4' Legislature assembled. A bill gram from President:incoln-to Major General passed, providing that all qualified voters hereWeitz; being the lasttelegram ever.transmitted'tofore identified with I"'the rebellion," and not by'theformer- ^' excluded fromr the amnesty proclamation by.OFFICEU''S.MT. iTAY BTELERAiPH,: Pr'esident Johnson (with th6 exception of those:;WAiR DEPARTbEN^T,.:' embraced-in the' "$20,000 clause,") can appear WASHINaTO; D i.^Apr.'i.l 2,. 865. before-a notary public, or other.persons au~Major General WEITZEL,' i ah-'O'd;,Va..' I'thorized to administer oaths,. unde:rthe restored'-:'-have just seet: Jidge. C-alIpbell:s letter to Government, -and recover: the right of suffyo gof'thethe'. i He:'. sas sui Ias appears t;one, frage,;by taking the amnesty oath of the 29th of that I' have called:the' insurgent >e'gslature.of May, 1865,' n oatil to support: the restored-Gov CONVEN.TIONS.AND LEGISLATUE S. 27 ernrment, of Virginia,'and to protect:anddefendlhave left judicial stations under the United'the Constitution of the United States.:He also'. States or the State of Tennessee. to aid, in any b'ecomes eligible:to office, unless he has "held way,,the existing or recent rebellion against the, office under the so-called Confederate govern-. authority of the: United States,: or who are' lor ment, or under any. rebellious State government,: shall have been military or.naval officers of the or htas been a member of the so-callediConfede- so-called Confederate States, above the rank of rate Congress, or a member of any State Legis- captain in the army or. lieutenant in the navy; lature in rebellion against the authority of the or who have left seats in the United States Con-. United States," excepting therefrom county gress or sea;ts in. the Legislature ofL the State of. o icers.'' Tennessee, to aid in said rebellion, or have re-. signed commissions in the army or navy of. the TENNESSEE. United States, and. afterward -have voluntarily'1 865, March 4-William G. Brownlow elected givenaid to said rebellion; or-persons who have G~ove~rnor, under ~the''organization effected by Ibeen engaged in treating otherwise than' lawAfully, as prisoners of war, persons found in. the Andrew Yohnson, Militaiy' Governor'.'Brow [ low recUnited States serviceas officers, soldiers, seamen, "'June 5-Franchise act'passed, #:iith these pro- or in any other capacities'; br persons who have e r atbeen opr are absentees.from the United States for. V is Be' it enated, C., That the following the purpose of aiding the rebellion; or persons' SEC. 1. Be it enacted,.&c., That the following oh pr ended offices nner the: governpwho held pretended offices under I the: govern — persons, to wit: - Every white man twenty-oneers of age ment of States in insurection.against theUnited acitizen of the United States and a citizen of the States; or persons who left their liomes!within J. ^ ~ ~L fp ~^.~ ~i- ~' the..jurisdiction.and protection. of the. United: county wherein'he may offer his vote six months thejurisdictio and protection ofthUnited next'preceding the day of eletion' andpUblicly States,.or fled: before the approach of the Ia-. known to have-entertained unconditional Union tionalforces and passed beyoed the Federal milsentiments from'the outbreak of the'rebellion itary lines p into the so-call onfederate States, until the present':time; and'' for the purpose of aiding the rebellion, shall'be 2. Every white man, a citizen of the United denied and refused the prvilege of the elective franchise.. in this State for the term of fifteen States anda citizen of the county wherein he yoffer his:vote six mronths next precedlingthe years from and after the passage of this act. m-day-of'lctiJn,' avin g ri at'e ~ g e Of'~^. SEc. 3.. That all other persons, except; those day of election, having arrived at'. the aPge d mentioned in section'one of this act, are hereby. twenty-one years since March 4, 1865: ProvMided, n hencefor excluded and denied te exerse That ie has not been engaged in armed rebel:' and hencefortlhexcluded and denied'the exercise: That hie hasnot'been'engaged in armed rebel-'' lion against the authority of the'United States of the privilege of -the elective franchise in this voluntarily; and' State for the term of five years from and after 3. Every white man of lawful age coming thepassageof:this act. ~ w.w6... SB0. 4..Thatal-lpersons embraced in section from another State, and beina'citizen of the EC. 4. Ta apersons ebrce in section United' States, onproof of'olty o tva o the Uni't d three of this act,: after the expiration of said ^Sates, and being a ditizen of the county'"whereinfive years, may.,be readmitted o tthe privilege S~tates; an~d being'~ citizen~'o~f the couity'herei h~ of..the,.elective.~frtanchise-byp. etittion to: the' ~rhe'may offer his vote six months n'ext preceding o l cie fourt,:an oof.bf p i yttt,.t the day of election; ad''.. cui.t or chancery yourt, on'prroof of loyalty,.to &he day, of election;:and Y P 4 vn the United the. United States,:in open. counrt,-upon the testias'been'or may'be' hereafter honorably: di-s. July 15Presiden tfohnsonsent.thistelegrm: charged therefrom; and ~:' WASHINGTON, D.: C.- 3.50:P. M,, 5'. Eyery white man of lawful:age, a citizen'o:f - A6 186s. the'.United States and a citizen of the'county To Governor. 1G.. Brownow:'" wherein he may offer his vote six' months hext' I hope, as I have no doubt you will see, that preceding the day "of election, who was con- the laws passed by the last Legislature are faithscripted- by force into the so-called:conrfederate fully' executed, and that all illegal voters in the army, and was known to be'a'Union man, on approaching ele'tionbe kept from the polls, and'proof of loyalty to the United States, estab- that the election of members, of' Congress be lished by the testimony of two voters under the conducted fairly.' Whenever'it becomes'necesprevious clauses of this section; and -. sary.forthe execution of the law andtheproeo6. Every white man who voted in this State tioIof the ballot-box, you will'call upon Geneat the;presidential election in November, 1864, ral Thomas for sufficient military force to susor voted:on the 22d of February, 1865, or voted taim the civil au'tholi.ty.- of'the:State,.I have on the 4th of March, 1865, in this State, and all just read your add'res,'which' I.mo'st'.heartily others who had taken the "oath of'allegiance' endorse.'... DREWJonrOn,' to the United Statyes, and may be known by: the' Pres'ident' U A: judges of election to-lhIave been true"friends-to:'1866, April 12-An mendment to the franthe Government of the United Sttes, and would- bhise act passed the Houase,: 41 to15... have voted in said previously imedtioned elec May 3~-The' Senate passed, it, 13' to'6.' Its tions if'the same had' been holden within, their principal provisions are':'.. reach, shall be entitled to the privileges of the'SEC. 1.' That'every white.male"i ihabitant of elective franchise.'.'. -' this-'Stiate'ofthe age of twenty-one years,; a citiSEe'i.2. That all persons who areor shall'have zer of the United'.States and' res;ident of' th'e bheen civil or diplomatic officers:'Or agenits of the e county.wherein he may offer his vote six months so-ca.led Confedteratates of Americ'who. ext precedingth e dayob f electibn, shall be enti 28' POLTICAL MANUAL. tied. to th'e.priiilege of the elective, franchise, insurrection against the United:States withintbent subject to the' f:0ollowing exceptions and disquali- to aid the rebellion, or who' ever-: held office'in: firations:,:to wit:: -:. - - the, State, of-'Tennessee of legislative, judicial, or'First. Said voter shall have never' borne arms.'executive character, -under an oath to support against the Government.of the:United:States for the constitution-of the State of Tennessee, and' thepurpose of aiding the.late.rehellion, nor have who'violated said' oath, and-'gave voluntary aid: voluntarily given aid;, comfort, countenance, or countenance'.to the rebellion, that each' and counsel, or encouragement'to any rebellion all be excluded' from-all offices, State, county, or against. the autho-rity of the'United. States. Gov- municipal. er-nment, nor aided, countenanced, or encouraged It also provides that any qualified' voter shallaots of. hostility thereto. not be excluded from office by the provisions of Second. That said voter-'shall hav.e:never this bill, as amended.. Bsought, or voluntarily. accepted, any office, civil May -The Senate, rejected a suffrage -bill, or military,- or attempted' to- exercise the func- 16 to 5, which proposed to allow al'.blacls. and tions of a ny office,'civil or military,; under the' whites: of' legal. age to'vote, and'exclude all authority or pretended authority of the so-called after 1875,.'who cannot read.' Confederate States of. America, or of: any' inur- May 28~.The Legislature adjourned until.Norectionary:State whatever,.hostile or opposed to vemher 28. the authority of the United States'Government, with the intent and desire to: aid said rebellion TEXAS. or.insurrectionary authority.: "':''1865, June 17-Andrew J. Hamilton ap"'Third. That said vbter shall have never volun- pointed Provisional Governor. tarily supported any pretended'government, 186.6, March -~Convention met. power, or authoriy hostile or: inimical to the au- April 2-C onvention adjourned. The onthority of the United States, by contributi6ns in' stitution to be voted on, June 5. It ab.lishes money or property,'by persuasion or infl-u'once, slavery and: annuls the Secession OrdiniSjanee. or in any. oither wVay whatever: Provided,. That The war debt has' been. repudiated. Five yeaxs, the; foregoing restrictions and disqualifications. residence required for'eligibility to the Legisa-' shall; not. apply to any white: citizen who. may ture'White population is the basis of reprehave'served in'and been. honorably discharged sentation for StSate purposes. An ordinane, fromthe army, or navy of the, United Sttes passed exempting all persons who, under, ausinca' -thei1st. day of January, 1862; rnor to tuose thority. of civil or military power, had inflicted who voted: in.the Presidential'eection in'No- injury upon persons during the war, from acvember, 1864, or voted inthe election for rati- countability ther.efor... ficatiornor rejection." in February, 1865, or voted' in the election held on the 4th day of March of X 0ARKNSS. the':same year'for Governor and members.of'the 1856, October 80 -President. John.sn.ent legislature nor'to those who have:ebeen appointed this''teiegrsm to Governor'Isaac Murphy, to:,anyycivil' orjilitary office:by' Anidrew John:- 6lected Governor under the free'State. organi-'son, Military- Governor, or William. BroWn- Zationformerly made.. low. Governor' of Tennessee 11 all of whom are'' EXECOTIVE' OFFICE,. WASI:iG TOs, D. C., herebydeclared to:be qualified voters.upon their....' October.30,:1865. complying with' tle "requirements' -of this.act: Tq Gov.. MmU HY,'Little BRock, Arkansas:. Provided, That this latter clause shall not-apply.' There; wilt be.no interference with your presto -:any:commission issued'upon' any' ielection oent organization of State government. I have which may.have bee0n' beld. -..:::.... learned from E "W. Gantt,.-Esq., and other B.;', 2.: Thatithe,Governor of the State shall, sources,' that all is working well, and you Will within sixty days after the pasoage, of.,this;at, proceed and resume;the'former. relations with. ppoint.,a commissioner.off registration for each the Federal Government, anr all the aid. in the afnd every county in theiState;.w shall, ith- power. of. the Go'ver'ment will be'given inr eout delay,: enter. uponthe dischar.ge of his dutie.s, storing the'Stat to'i ts former relations. ad who: shall.have full power to administer the. A...w JoHl.sos, Prest of. te U. S. 0ec'ssary: oaths. providedh!by: -this act.... May 19-A bill;was.:passed to:disqualify cer- LOTISIANA. tamn~persons from holding oie, civil o mility. There was no interference with.the $tt It:exludes'.those;persons..;ho;held civil r orgnization. formerly made. diplomatic ~offices;,or we.re gents of the.soc;lled 1 865., November;. -J. M. Wells was lelected Confederate States,; or-,w.o left.jadi.ci'al. tat-ns Gov.ernor, and Albert'Voorhis, Lieut. Governor. adeer:,th'e: [Unit.ed.States,.or the;State.of Tennes-' Nqovember.:23-L'egsls'ture met in:extra'ses see, to aid the rebe.on, or who were military sion again, under proclamation of the Governor, or. navl o' lc.es. of the so-called Confederate.eDecember ~ 22-Legislature, adjourned. States,, above.the rank of.captain'in the.army, 18.66,March -J. T..Monro.e elected pmayor.of or lieutenant, in the.nasvyIor who left.seatsin New Orleans, ad James 0. Nixon an alderman. the Unied: Sates.ongress rsea iit: e the e'gis "March' 19.r-General anbyy.issued.' an order laure of'the State of Tiennessee:to id. the rebel- suspendingth'emfrom the exercise of sny; of the olion, op. who resigned c'nss. ilthe;arsmy or I functions of these:ffes::.until the pleasure. of nsvyf.o the' United.States"anid.fteiward'gave the'President be made known —;as they.come.6untrya.id'to thereblni" or':hoabSented within the.:ocepted:,ps of:.th; P. sidets prpctkemjsv esYfr m the bState o:if.T,.'ese to giv, e l-amation..'hey w t.bs,,,quetfly' per neda. s.ch'idi,:o~r'"ho':held"off$e"9 i.i:.dsr et~tes' in.on applicatioan,-aid ook. the:. Q i:e s. Iv. LEGISLATION RESPECTING FREEDMEN. NOR'TH CARlO 0LINA.i the value:of-ten dollars or more, and all eontracts'18'66, Mfarech 10-The act" Gconcerning negroes, etecuted or.executory between such persons for.and p1erssons of color, or of mixed blbhod,"otiassed'the paymen t of money of- the valie of:ten-dolby the Legislature, declares that i'negroes and lars or:nore, shall be-void as to allpersons what-'teir issue, even where one anicestor inea:ch sic- ever,: unless. the same be: put in writing arid ceeding generation to the fourth inclusive, issigned endorsrdebtrs witnes white'shall be deemed persons of color."' It. b a wite person who can rad and write. gives them D'all theM privileges of' white persons Marriage between.white persons and:'persons before the courts in the mode of prosecutiing,'de- of color shall be void; and.every person aufending,-continuing, removing, and transferring thorized to solemnize the rites: of matrimony,.their suits.at law'' andin equity, and:inakesthem who shall knowingly solemnize the sam:ebetween eligible as witnesses, when not otherwiseincom- such'persons, and evey clerk of court'who petent,'in "all controvgersies at law and in euity shall knowingly issue license for their makriage, where the rights of perso'ns or property of -per- shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeaior, aid,'sofs of color shall be'.put in' issue, aind wouldbe moreover, shalltpay!a penalty of five: hundred'concluded by the judgment or decree of court; dollars to any person suing for the:same.'and also in pleasof the State, where the violen e, -'fraud, or injury alleged shall be charged to h'avISSISS I:been..done.by or to persons of col0or.'I- all other- An -Act to regulate the; Relation of: Master and ivil and criminal cases suchevidence shall be'Appreiitiierelative to Freedmen,:Free Negroes, deemed inadmissible, unless'by'consent of the- -.and- WMutlattoes November 22,1865. parties of record:'Provided, That' this, section -'SEC. 1pr'ovidesthat it shall be the duty of all shall not go into effect until jurisdiction in mat- sheriffs,.jstices of'the peace, and other civil'ters relating:to freedmen.shall be fully con- officers of the several counties in this-'State to mitted to the courts of.this State: Provided fur- report to the probate courts of their respective Uth'er,,.TThat no person shall'be deemedincompe- counties semi-annually, at the January and tent.to bear testimony-in. suh. dases; because of'uly terms of said courts, all freedmen, free being a:party to the record or in'irterest.'," i negroes,and.mulattoes under the ageof eighteen, The criminal laws ofthe State are extentdedin within their respective counties,.beats' or distheir;'operation to embrace'.persons of color,:and tricts, wlho' are orphans, or whose parent or'the same punishment is inflicted on them as on parents have'not tihe-means, or who refuse to pro-'the whites, except for rape, which, if a white vide for andsuport said minors, andthereupon female is the victim, is a capital crime for a black. it shall be the duty of said probate court to. orThe law regarding'apprentices is. so amended as der the clerk of said court to apprentice.said to make its provisions applicable to blacks, but minors to some competent and suitable person, it gives the former masters the preference, and on such terns as the court may direct, h.ving a declares that they should be' regarded as t.he particular care to the interest of said minors most suitable persons. Provision is also made Provided, That the former owner of said minors for legalizing the' marriages of the blacks. con'- shaall have the' preference when, in the opinion.trgcted during slavery, and for' punishment f of the court,.he orshe shall be a suitlable perillicit'-cohabitation.'All, which'is modified.by son'for that purpose. -.a proviso that the act shall: not take effect until SE. 2. provides that the said. court shall be;after the Freedmen's Buireau is removed.. Where fully satisfied that the person or persons to whom'men and. women, lately slaves, now cohabit to- said' minor shall be apprenticed'shall be a suita-gether'in the' relation of husband and',wife, they ble- person to have the charge and care.of said shall be'deemed to have beent'lawfully married' minor, and filly to protect the interest of said at the time of the commencement of such cohabi-. minor:.Provided, Thats -said apprentice shall tation; and they are required to go before the'be bound by indenture, in case of males until clerk of the county court, acknowledge the co- the y are twenty-one years old, a'nd in. case of habitation, of..which record shall be made, and females until'tl ty are eighteen years old. shall b'e prima facie evidence of the statements SEC. 3'provides that in the'management and:made..',.,,; contr6l of said. apprentices said' master or misAll'o6ntracts.between any.persons whatever, tress shall have power to inflict such moderate whereof one or moreof.them shall'be'a person. corporeal -chastisement as a' father or guardian oft'olor, for the sale, or, purchase of' any horse, is allowed to inflict on his or her child or ward "mule,', ass, jennet,,neat cattle, hog,'sheep, or Iat-common law:'rovided, That in no case shall,grat,; whatever may, be the value of suich'articles,- cruel or inhuman punishment be inflicted.'... arid'Mall contracts between such s persons for any SEC. 4, provides that if.any apprentice: shaIl other article or articles of property: whatever of leave the employment of his or her- master;.or 29 30 POLITICAL MANUAL. mistress, without his or. her consent, said mas- prisoned, at the discretion of the court, the ter or mistress may pursue and recapture said free negro not exceeding ten days, and the white apprentice, and bring him or. her before any man not exceeding six months. justice of the peace of the county, whose duty SEC. 3 gives all justices of the peace, mayors, it shall be to remand said apprentice to the ser-: and aldermen jurisdiction to try, all questions of vice of his or her master or mistress; and in the vagrancy, and it is made their duty to arrest event of a refusal on the part of said apprentice parties violating any provisions of this act, inso to return, thentsaid justice ishall commi't said vestigate the charges, and, onconviction, punish apprentice to the j salof said county, on failure as provided. It is made the duty of all sheriffs, to give bond,-until the next term of the county constables, town constables, city:marshals, and court; and it shall be the duty of said court, at all like officers, to report to some officer having the first terin thereafter, to investigate said case, jurisdiction all. violations of any of the provisand if the court, shall be of opinion that said ions of this act, and it is made the duty of the apprentice left. the,.employment of his.:or her county courts to inquire if any officer has'negmaster or mistress without good cause, to order lected any of these duties, and if guilty to' fine him or:.her-tobe punished, as provided..forthe him not exceeding $100, to be paid into the punishment of hired, freedmen, as may be from county treasury. tie: to. tirie provided for. by law for desertion, SEC. 5 provides that all fines and forfeitures until he.or soeshall agree to return to his or collected under the provisions of this act shall her: master.'or mistress:.. Provided, Th'at.the'bepaid into the county treasury for general court' may grant continuances, as in other cases: county purposes, and in case any freedman, free:And. provided further, That if the court shall negro or mulatto, shall fail' for' five days after believe that said apprentice had good cause.to the imposition of any fine'or forfeiture -.upon quit'his saidl master or mistress, the:court shall him or her, for violation of any of the provisdischarge said.: apprentice ifrom saidJ indenture, ions of this act to pay the same, that it shall be, and also enter a.j udgment.agaiiist the master.or and is hereby made, the duty of the sheriff'of mistress, for- not more than.'one. hundred dol- the proper county to hire.out said freediman, lars, for the use and. benefit of said apprentice,. free negro or mulatto, tb any person who will, to be collected on execution, as in dther cases. for the shortest- period of service,- pay said -SE..-.5 provides that if any person entice away fine or forfeiture and all costs': Provided, A pref-. any apprentice from his or her..master or mis- erence shall be given to the employer, if there tress, or shall knowingly employ an.apprentice, be.one, in which case the employer shall be or furnish him or her food- or clothing, without entitled to deduct and retain the amount so paid the written consent f'his or her master or mis- from the wages of such freedman, free negro or tress, or shall sell or give said apprentice arden mulatto, then due or to become due;and in'case spirits without such consent, said person so of- such freedman, free negro or' malatto cannot be fending'shall be deemed guilty of'high misde- hired out, he or she may bedealt with as a pauper. *meanor, and shall on conviction thereof before SEc.,6 provides that the, same duties and liathe county court,'be punished asprovided forthe bilities existing among white persons'of this punishment of'persons enticing' from their em- State shall attach to freedmen, free negroes and ployer hired freedmen, free negroes, or mnulattoes. mulattoes, to support their indigent faimilies and S EO. 6- makes it the'duty of all civil'officers to all colored paupers; and that in'order to secure report any Iminors wvithin theair'respective coun- a support for such indigent' freedmen, free neties to said'probate court for apprenticeship. groes andmulattoes, it shall be. lawful, and it is'.SEC. 9 provides that it shall be lawful for any hereby made the duty'of the boards of county freedman, free negro, or mulatto, ha;ving a minor police of each county in this State, to levy a child.:or.children, to apprentice the said minor poll'rcapitatio t on each and every freedchild or children'as provided for by this act' man, freenegro or mulatto, between the ages of SEC;. 10 provides that in all. cases'where the eighteen and sixty years, not to exceed the sum (age of thle fireedman, free negro, or.mulatto can- of one'dollar annually'to each person so taxed, not'be ascertained'by record testimony, the which tax when collected shall: be paid into the judge of the county court shall: fix the age. county treasurer's hands, and constitute a fund *The Vag'ant' Act:, November 24, 1865. to be called the freedmen's pauper fund, which.sh al be' applied by the commissioners of the SEc. 1 defines who are vagrants. poor for the maintenance of the poor of the 80. 2 provides that all. freedmen, free negroes, freedmen, free negroes and mulattoes, of'this and.mulattoes in. this State,.over the age of'Sate,, under such regulations as may be estabeighteen years, found on the second Monday in lished by the boards of the county police in the Janlary,.1866, or' thereafter,'with: no lawful.respective counties of this State. employment or busineiss,'or found'unlawfully; SEC. 7 provides' that if any freedman, fiee assembling themselves together, either in thie'negro or mulatto shall' fail or refuse to pay day or night time, and all white persons so any tax levied according to the provisions of assembling with freedmen, free negroes, or mu- the sixth' section of this act, it shall'be prima lattoes, or usually associating with freedmen, facic evidence of vagrancy, and it shall be the free negroes, or mulattoes, on terms of equality, duty of the sheriff'to ai rest such freed an, free or living in adultery.oi fornication with a freed- negro or mulatto, or such persons'refusing or woman, free negro, or mulatto, shall be deemed neglecting to pay such tax, and proceed at once vagrants, and on conviction: thereof shall be Ito hire, for the shortest time, such delinquent. fined in the sum of not exceeding, inthe case of tax-payer to any one who wilt pay the said tax, afreedman, free negro or''mulatto, fifty dollars, with the accruingcosts, givig'p reference to'the and a white man two hundred dollars, and im- employer, if there be one.' LEGISLATION RESPECTING FRIEEDIEN. 81 An Act to confer Civil Rights on Freedmen, village, fromthe member of the board of police and for other Purposes, November 25, 1865. of his beat, authorizing him or her to do irreguSECTION 1 provides that all freedmen, free lar and job work, or a written contract, as pronegroes and mulattoes may sue and be sued, vided in section six of. this act; which licenses implead.and be impleaded in all the courts of may be revoked for cause at any time by the law. and equity of this State, and may acquire authority granting the same. personal property and choses in action byde- SEc. 6 provides that all contracts for labor scent, or purchase, and may dispose of the same made with freedmn, free negroes, and mulatin the same manner and to the same extent.that toes, for a longer period than one month, shall white persons may: Provided, That the provis- be in writing and in duplicate, attested and read ions of this section shall not be so construed as to'said freedman, free negro, or mulatto by a to allow any freedman, free negro or mulatto to beat, city, or county officer or two disinterested rent or lease any lands or tenements, except in white persons of the county in which the labor incorporated towns or cities, in which places-th'e is to be performed, of which each party shall corporate authorities shall control "the same. have one; and said contracts shall be taken and SEC. 2'provides that all freedmen, free negroes held as entire contracts, and if the laborer shall and mulattoes may intermarry with each other quit the service of the employer before the expiin the same manner and under the same regula- ration of his term of service without good.cause, tions that are provided bylaw for white per- he shall forfeit his wages for-that year up to the sons: Provided, That the clerk of probate shall timeof quitting. keep separate records of the same. -. SEC. 7. provides that-every civil offidcr shall, SiEC. 3 further provides that all freedmen, free -and every person may-arrest and carry. back to negroes and mulattoes, who do now and have his or her legal employer any freedman, free neheretofore lived and cohabited-together as hus- gro, or mulatto who shall have quit the service band- and wife'shall be taken and held in law as of his or ler employer befor'e the expiration of legally married, and the issue shall be'taken and his or her term of service without good cause; held as legitimate for all purposes. That it shall and said officer and person shall be.entitled to not be lawful for any freedman, free negro or mu-. receive for arresting and carrying back every latt to tointermarry with anyi white perso'; norl deserting employe aforesaid the sum of five doIfor.any white person to intermarry withany lars,,and ten'cents per mile from the place of freedman, free negro or mulatto; and any person arrest to -the place of delivery, and the same who shall so intermarry shall'be deemed guilty shall be-paid by the employer and'.held as a of felony, and on conviction thereof, shall be set-off for so much against the wages of said deconfined in the State penitentiary for life; snd'serting employ6: Provided, That said. arrested those shall be deemed freedmen, free negroes and party after being so returned may appeal to a? mulattoeswho are of pure negro blood, and those justice of the peace or member of. the'board of descended from a negro to the third generation, the policeof. the county, who, on notice to the inclusive, though One ancestor of each genera- alleged employer, shall try, summarily, whether tionmay have been a white person,. said appellant'is legally employed by the':SEC.' 4 provides' that.in' addition to cases in alleged employer and-has good cause to quit which freedmen, free negroes and mulattoes are said employer; either party shall have the'now by' law competent witnesses, freedmen, free right of. appeal to the county court, pending hnegroes and mulattoes shall be competent in which the alleged deserter shall be remanded to civil cases, when a partyor pa'rties to the suit, the alleged employer, or otherwise disposed of either plaintiff or plaintiffs, defendant or defend- as shall beright and just; and'the decision of ants; also in cases where freedmen; free negroes the.county court shall be final. and mulattoes are either plaintiff or plaintiffs, SEC. 8 provides that upon affidavit made by defendant or defendants, ai a white person or the employer of- any freedman, free -negro, or white persons is or are the opposing party or mulatto, or other credible person, before any parties, plaintiff dr plaintiffs, defendant or de- justice of the peace or member of the board ~fendants. They shall also be competent wit- of police, that any freedman, free negro, or nesses in all criminal prosecutions where the mulatto, legally employed by said employer,' crime-charged' is alleged to have been co- has -illegally deserted' said' employment, such mitted by a white' person uponor against justice of the peace or' member of the board the peroni or property of a freedman, free of police shall issue his warrant or warrants,. negro or mulatto:' Provided, That; in all cases returnable before himself or other such-officer, said witnesses shall be examined in open court directed to any. sheriff, constable, or special on the stand,' except, however-, they may be. deputy, commanding iim'to' arrest said deexamined before'the grand jury, and shall in serter and return him or her to said employer, all. cases be subject to the rules and.tests of the and the like proceedings shall be had as provided common law as to competency and- credibility.. in' the preceding section; and it shall be lawful. SEC. 5 provides that every freedman,;:free for an: officer to whom such warrant shall be negro, and mulatto shall on the second Mon-'directed'to:execute said warrant in any county day of January, one thousandeight hundred and of'. this State, and that said warrant may be -sixty-six, and annually thereafter, have a law,'transmitted without indorsement to any like ful home or employment, and shall have writ- officer of another county to be executed and reten evidence thereof''a's follows, to wit: If liv-: turned as aforesaid, and the said employer shall ing in any incorporated city, town, or village, paythe cost of said warrants and arrest and rea-license from the mayor thereof,'and if living turn, which shall be set off for so much against Outside -of "any incorporated'city. town, or the wages of said deserter. POLPIOAiT L M.ANUALO. Sn. provides t'hat if ny peron shall' per-. free negro or mulatto, fo itheeshort'est:'.time to ua'i, de'or attempft to:persuade, entidce, or cause raise athe:mount necessary,to discharge said -any freedman free negro, or,mulf:atto to'desert freedman, free negro or mulatto from:all costs,:om th6t legal employI ment of' afny" person before fines, and jail fees aforesaid. "the expirationof hisOr h termof m servic, or AnActto punish certain Offences thereinnamed, shall knowingly -employ:any such deserting and p u65 reedm'a'n; free negr'o'o0r mu~'lat~tol oi sha ll, kno!,a forn other purposes, November 29, 1865. daiy ee sneglrlr tor any such deserting freed' EC. i.' Be it enacted; &., That no freedman, Ygigve'or td'an, ud~deserting e o r ttanyfood r me' free negro, or mulatto, not in the military service of the United States Qovernment, and not~ lrthingheorseshallbeguy am icensed to do so by the board of police ofhis or Ad6meanor, and upon conv idtisll be fined not d tmeanworeandip0nt c ctionl lbe a f ined no t more thanher county, shall keep.or carry fire-arms of any' tless thand: tenty fived dolars and notmore than kinid, or any ammunition, dirk,.or bowie-knife;'J'o~~drdb11 oars as: t-.te. o6sts;-, and if':said'.fineiand ~costt ~sthall:not" b'eimmeedi'mately paid,' tihe and on conviction thereof, in the county court, couea cost b'senaltencesaido nitto ot exceld- shall be punished by fine, not exceeding ten dolUg two shll'sent'ence saimpis onvitto in otexceed lasand pay the costsofsuch proceedings, and atil' a mon'osheishalPoentmor eover be liale to allsuch arms or ammunition shall be forfeited to hepr ayidhenuoreds in d srmae ov ideesd: eror iae to the informer; and it shall be the duty of every erson'. satyiured shall agest temp o persuaded, n civil and military officer to arrest any freedman, pie, or r alluse any freednmoan, p a fr negro, u ee negro, or mulatto found. with any such arms Tice, or.causeany freedman free-negro,;or mu-~ 4latto to desert from any legal employment-ofany orammunitin, andde au se him to b e omail'person with the view to employ said Ifreedman, ^ ^for trial in. de fault of bail. tree' negro, or mulatto withoutt:helimi ts'of this SEC. 2. That any freedman, free negro or mu'Statee,' such person,u on convictio n, shallebe' fined latto, committing riots, routes, affrays, trespasses,:iiot less:than fifty dollarsand:not more'than five malicious mischief'and cruel treatmentto animals, hundretd dolesthans and costslandiotsai d m ine and seditious speeches,. insulting gestures, language, hundr ars dcostts;hallnotbeimmediately'p:aid thne cot or acts, or assaults on anyT person, disturbance of costsh shasll not be immediately' to ldn the court the peace, exercising the functions, of a minister hall sentence said cnicto not exceeding.six of the gospel without a license from some regu-'coh 1mpronvides t:h'thy it shall be latfx l'n'larly organized, church, vending spirituoussor o"f a'e10 neprov irdes mhuishallabetlthforga' intoxicating liqnors.or.committing any other fhte per sna frfree nreegr o tocharg:anytIo, misdemeanor, the punishment of which- is not by afiavit, cwith any' cfriminl offence against pecifically provided'for bylaw, shall, upon con-'his or' he person or nproperty, ain eupo such viction thereof, in.the county. court, be fined not affdait'.the proper proess issued c'and less thanten dollars, and no t mo re than one hun-' executed r as if said-adaeit was'made by awhie dred dollars, and.may be imprisoned, at the dis-'pexecutedrsoin, aaid it shlb wflfrmaden y fawhiman cretion of the court, not exceeding thirty: days. "f.erson,and it Shallbe'lawful afornyufredan, SEC. 3. That if.any. white person shall sell, iree negro or peilanto: in anyb'bctioni sutior lend, or give to.any freedman, free negro; ormucontroversy pendingor'bogut to bn iilstitutedi ini,a any courtof law or equity-in this'State, to make latto,- any fire-arms, dirk,'or bowie-knife, or am-:ailneedful.'and lawfil' afdavits. assalM lbe ne- munition,- or any spirituous or intoxicating. cssoary efr tper i o pro secioa, e- liquors, such personor personsso offending,upon essary fo the institu n, rosecuon or de conviction thereof, in the county courtofhis or her Sfeeschs1 that'o onthversy. fthis county, shallbe fi. ned not exceeding fifty.dollars, StateO I provides hatsthepenws peall'ro and.may be imprisoned, atythe discretion of the aSt le, cain allc'ases not othierwvise specially p rcourtt n notexceedpdiinp gi day. vided for, shall -apply and extend to all freed-..ronethirtysdays...n, free negros amlattos.... SEC. 4. That all the penaly and criminal laws )cen, lfree negroe's,: anid: mul~attoes.:.- now in'force, in'this:State, definingoffences, and.An Act Supplementary to,'An Act to confer prescribing the mode of punishment for crimes Civii Rights'uponFriedmen," and for other and misdemeanors committed by: slaves, free purposes, December 2, 1'865.'.- negroes or mulattoes, be and the same are hereSEc. 1 provides' that in every case where any by re-enacted, and declared to be in full force ~white person: has': b-een arrested and brought to and effect, against freedm.en,free negroes, and trial, by virtue of the,'provisions of...the tenth mulattoes, except so far as the mode.and manner section.of the.above recited act, in any court of trial and punishment have ben changed.or'-~this"State, upons. ufficient -proof being made altered bylaw.. t-.. he-court- or j:ury, upon. the trial before SEC. 5.. That if any freedman, free negro. or said'courtl, that.any; freedman,. free negro or mulatto, convicted of:any of the misdemeanors.mulatto has.'falsely and.maliciously caused the provided against in this act, shall, fail or: refuse, arres-.an d trial of said white person or persons, for the space of five days after conviction, to pay the court: shall render.up a judgment against the fine and costs imposed, sch. person shall be saidfreedman, free negro ormulttofor allcosts hired out by the sheriff or other offihcer, at public of. the case-,:and:. impose. a.fine:'not.to. exceed.outcry, to any:white' person. who willpay said fifty dollars, and imprisonment in:the..county fine and all:costs- and takel such.convict for the jail not to exceed twenty days;. and for'a failure -shortest time.:of- said. freedmen,.free. negro or:mulatto,to pay'. ~...: -.: or cause to be paid,all:costs,nfies'andjail.fees,..GEORGIA. -;he sheriff,.of the county, is:' Ihereby.iauthorized 1865,/December 15 —-Free, personsof. color,.re nd: r eq~uired, after giyvi~ng:tendays''public:.n-.- made.competent witnesses in.all, courts in cases tice, to proceed to hire out at' -public out6ry,:at..where, a free'.prs.p.s snof i.olor-is. a party, or the the court-house of the county, said free'dman, offence charged is against the person or property LEGISLATION RESPECTING FREEDMEN. 83 of a free person of color. Persons of color now March 17-County courts organized, as-in living as husband and wife are declared to be so, other States, for hearing of "cases arising out exceptl a man has two or more reputed wives, or of the relation of master and servant,". &G. a wife two or more reputed.husbands; in such Where such cases shall go against the servant, event, they shall select one and the marriage the judgment for costs upon written notice to ceremony be performed., the master shall operate as a garnishment against 1.866, Feb. 23-All male inhabitants, white him, and he shall retain a sufficient amount for a.nd;l.a.ck, between sixteen and fifty, subject to the payment thereof, out of any wages due- to work on the public roads, except such as are said servant, or to become due during the period specially exempted.. of service, and may be cited at any time by the, March 7-Any officer knowingly issuing any collecting officer to make answer thereto. marriage license to parties, either of whom is of March 17- SEc. I. Thateall negroes, mulatAfrican descent' and the other a white person, toes, mestizoes, and their descendants having shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and on convic- one eighth negro or African blood in their vein-s, tion be fined from two hundred to five hundred shall be known in this State as "persons of. dollars, or imprisoned for three months, or both. color." Any officer or minister marrying such persons 2. That persons of color shall have the right shall be fined from five hundred to one thousand to make and enforce contracts, to sue, be sued, dollars, and imprisoned six months, or both. to be parties and give evidence, to inherit, toMarch 9-That among persons of color the pa- -purchase, lease, sell, hold, and convey real and rent shall be required to.maintain his orher chil- personal property, and to have full and equal dren, -whether legitimate or illegitimate. That benefit of all laws- and proceedings for the secuchildren shall-,-be subjected to the same obliga- rity of person and estate, and shall not be tions, in relation to their parents, as those which subjected to any other or different punishment, existing relation to.white persons. That every pain or penalty, for the commission of any act colored child hereafter born, is declared to be or offence, than such as are- prescribed for white the legitimate child of his mother, and also of his persons committing like acts or offenses. colored father, if acknowledged by such. father. March 20-Crimes' defined, in cdtain sections To Amend the Penal Code. - named, as felonies -are reduced below felonies, March 12 —The 4,435th section of the Penal and all other crimes, punishable by fine or Code shall read as follows:, imprisonment or either, shall be likewise punAll persons wandering or strolling, about in ishabie by a finenot exceeding $1,000 imprisonidleness, who are'able to workl, and who have. ment not exceeding six months, whipping not no property to support them; all persons lead- exceeding thirty-nine lashes, to work in a chaining an- idle, immoral, or profligate life, who gang on the public works not to exceed twelve have no property to support'them, and are able months, and any one or more of these punishto work and do not work.; all persons able -to - ents may be ordered in the discretion of the,work having no visible and known means of a judge.fair,honest, and reputable litelihood; all.per- sons having a fixed abode, who have no -visible'December -Bill passed, "making it unlawp-roperty- to:'snpport:t-hesm,; and who' liveby steal- ful for any freedmen, mulatto, or free person of ing or by trading in, bartering for, or buying color in this State to own fire-arms, or carry stolen,'property:;- and all professional gamblers about hisperson apistol or other deadly'weapon," living.in idleness, shall be'deemed and consid- under a penalty of a fine of $100 or imprison-'ered.vagrants, and shall be indicted assuch, and ment three months. Also, making it unlawful it shall be lawful for any person-to arrest said for any person to sell, give, or lend fire-arms or vagrants and have them bound over for trial to' ammunition of any description whatever to any the next term of the county court, and upon con- freedman,free negro, or mulatto, under a-penalty viction, they shall be fined and imprisoned or' of not less than $50 not more than $100 at the sentenced to work on the public works, for not discretion of the jury, longer than a year, or shall, in the discretion of December 9 This bill passed: That all freedthe -court, be bound out to some person for a men, free negroes, and mulattoes, shall have the time not longer than one year, upon such val- right to sueand be sued, plead and be impleaded uable.consideration as the court may prescribe; in all the different and various coyts of this the -erson giving bond in a sum- not exceeding State, to the same extent thatwhite persons now $300, payable to said court and conditioned to have by law.'And they shall be competent to clothe and feed, and provide said -convict with testify only in open court, and only in cases in medical attendance for andduring said time: which freedmen, free negroes, and mulattoes Provided, That the defendant may, at- any time, are parties, either' plaintiff or defendant, and in before. conviction, -be discharged, upon paying civil or criminal cases, for injuries in the.percosts and giving bond and security in a sum not sons and property of freedmen, free negroes, and exceeding $200, payable to said court, and con- mulattoes, and in all cases, civil or criminal, in dition for the' good behavior and industry of de- which a freedman, free negro, or mulatto, is a fondant'for:one year..'witness against a white person,'or a white perMarch 8-The wilful and malicious burning son- against a freedman, free negro, or mulatto, of an occupied dwelling-houseof another on.a the parties shall be competent witnesses, and farm,-or plantation, or. elsewhere, shall'be pun- neither interest in the question or suit, nor marished with death; also burglary in the night; riage, shall disqualify any witness from testifyals'o stealinig a horse or mule, unless recom-; ing in open court.' mended by, the jury to the mercy'.of the court.'-866; Febuary 16-A law was enacted, of 3 34 POLITICAL' MANUAL. which section 1 provides that it shall not be of a few'minor offences, such as vagran'cy, larlawful'for any personto interfere withy hire, em- ceny of lss than tten dollars, and assaults,.ploy, or entice away, or induce'to leave the affrays, &c., in which no weapon is used. The;service of another, any laborer or servant who' proceedings before them conform substantially shall have stipulated or contracted, i'n writing, to.proceedings before the county court.'to serve for any given number of days, weeks, The new code makes no distinction on account or months, or for one year, so long as the said *of color, only marriages between white persons contract. shall be and.remain in force and bind- and negroes are prohibited.' It went into effect ing upon the parties thereto, without the con- June 1, 1866.'sentof the party employing' or to whom said The Governor vetoed three bills referring to service is due andlwing in writing, or in the persons of color. See page -. presence of some veritable white person; and... any person who shall knowingly interfere with, SOUTHT CAROLINA. -hire, employ, or entice away, or induce to leave An Act Preliminary to the Legislation induced the service aforesaid, without justifiable excuse'by''the Emancipation of Slaves, October 19,.therefor, before the expiration of said term of 1865.,service so contracted and'stipulated'as afore- SECTION 3 provides that all free negroes, musaid, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and on lattoes, and mestizoes, all freedwomen, and all conviction thereof, must be fined in such sum, descendants through either sex'of any of these'not'less than fifty nor more than five hundred persons, shall be knowr as psons of color, exdollars, as the Jury trying thes ame'i ay assess, cept that every such descendant who may have and' in no case less than double the amount of of Caucasian blood seven eighths, or more, shall the injury sustained by the party from whom be deemed a white person. such laborer or servant was induced to leave, SEC. 4 provides that the statutes and regula~one-half to go to the:party injured and the tions concerning slaves are now inapplicable to ther'to the county as fines-and forfeitures, persons of color; and although'such persons are SEC. 2 provides that the party injured shall not entitled to social or political equality with be a competent witness in alliprosecutions under wite persons, they halhave the right to' acthis act, notwithstanding his interest in the fine.quire, own, ahd' dispose' of property, to make to be assessed..:-' i,'..:contracts, to enjoy the fruits of their labor, to SEc. 3 provides that when any laborer or ser- sue and be sued, and to receive protection under vant, having contracted as provided in the first the law in' their persons and property. section of this act, shall afterward be found, be- SEC. 5 pro'vides that all' rights and remedies fore' the termination of said contract, in the respecting persons or property and all duties service or employment of another, that fact and liabilities'under laws, civil and' criminal, shall be prima facie evidence that- such person which apply-to white persons, are extended to'is^guilty of violationof t,persons of hisct, if he fa andcolor, subject to the modifications refuse to.forthwith discharge the said laborer made by this act and the other acts hereinbefore or servant, after being notified and informed of mentioned. such: former contract and employment. A to Ame e A new penal.cpde was adopted. AnActtoAmen Cr naLaw December The material changes introduced by the new' 19, 1865. penal code are- briefly these: SECTION 1 provides that' either of the crimes FiR'st.'Whipping and branding are abolished, specified in this first section shall be felony, withas.legal punishlnents, and a new'p.uishment.is but benefit of clergy, to wit: For a person of introduced, entitled "-hard labor for the county." color to commit any wilful homicide, unless in This "hard l-.or for thecounty" isput.under the self-defence; for a person of color to commit an control of the court. of county commissioners, assault'upon a white woman, with manifest inwho are authorized-to employ a superintendent tent to ravish'her; for a person of color to have of the convicts, to make. regulations for their sexual intercourse with a white woman Iby pergovernmeAt and: labor, to put-them to-work r'on sonating her husband; for any person to raise the public roads, bridges, &c., or to hire'them out ai insurrection or rebellion in this State; for to railroad companies or private individuals:. any person to furnish arms or ammunition to Second. For all offences which were heretofore other persons who are in a state of actual inpunishable by fine, or by fine and imprisonment, surrection.or. rebellion, or permit them to reeither in the county jail r in the penitentiary, sort to his house for advancement of their the jury may still impose a fine; to which the- evil purpose; for any person to administer, or court,.in its discretion, may superadd imprison- cause to' be take by any other person, any poiment or hard labor, within specified limits in son, chloroform, soporific, or other destructive each case..,. thing, or to shoot at, stab, cut, or wound any Third. The.dividing line between grand and other' person, or by any means whatsoever to petit larceny, is.raised from twenty to one hn- cause bodily injury to any other person, wheredred dollars; grand larceny being made a felony, by, in any of these cases, a bodily injury danthat is, it may be punished by imprisonment in gerous to the life of any other person is-caused,' the penitentiary;. while petit larceny is only a with intent, ii'any of these cases, to commitithe misdemeanor, punishable by fine, or by fine and crime of murder, or the crime of rape, or the imprisonment in the county jail. crime of robbery, burglary, or larceny; for. any'F:/ourth. A county court is established for the person who had.been transported under sentrial of misdemeanors..tence to return to this State within the period Fifth. Justices of the peace have jurisdiction of prohibition contained, in the sentence; or for LEGISLATION RESPECTING FREEDMEN. 35 a person to steal a horse or mule, or'cotton within.twenty days after his arrival within the packed in a bale ready for market. same, he shall enter into a bond, with two freeSSEc. 10 provides that a person of color, who holders as sureties, to be approved by the judge is in the employment of a master engaged in of the district court or a magistrate, in a penhusbandry shall not have the right to sell any alty of one thousand dollars, conditioned for corn, rice, peas, wheat, or other grain, any flour, his good behavior, and for. his support, if he cotton, fodder, hay, bacon,- fresh meat of any should become unable to support himself, kind, poultry of any kind, animal of any kind, SEC. 24 provides that when several persons'of or' any- other product of a farm, without having color are convicted of one capital offence, tle written evidence from such master, or some per- jury which tries them may-recommend one or son authorized by him, or from the district judge more to mercy, for reasons which, in their opinor a magistrate, that he has the right to sell such ion, mitigate the guilt; the district judge shall product; and if any person shall, directly or report the case, with his opinion, and the Govindirectly, purchase any such product from such ernor shall do in:the matter as seems to him person of color without such written evidence, meet. The same may be done when one only is the purchaser and seller shall each be guilty of convicted of capital offence. Before sentence of a misdemeanor. - death shall be executed in any case, time fox SEC. 11 provides that' it shall be a misde- application to the Governor shall be allowed. meaner for any person not authorized to write'SEC. 27 provides that whenever, under any or give to a person of color a writing which pro- law, sentence imposing a fine is passed, if the fesses to show evidence of the right offthat per- fine and costs be not immediately paid, there son of color to sell any product of a farm which, shall be detention of the convict, and substituby- the section last preceding, he is forbidden to tion of other punishment. If the offenceshould sell without written evidence; and any person not involve the crimen falsi and be infamous, convicted of this misdemeanor shall be liable to the substitution shall be, in the case of as white the same extent as the purctaser in the section person, imprisonment for a? time: proportioned' last preceding is made liable; and it shall be a to the fine, at the rate of: one day for each misdemeanor for a person of color to exhibit as dollar:; and'in the case of.a person of coloT, enevidence of his right to sell any product awri- forced labor, without unnecessary pain or ting which he knows'to'be false or counterfeited, restraint, for a time proportioned to the fine, at or to have been written or given by any person the rate of-one day for each dollar. But if the not authorized. offence should be infamous, there shall be sub-. SEC. 13 states that persons of color consti- stituted for a fine, for imprisonment, or for both, tute no:part of the militia of the State,'and no hard labor, corporeal punishment,.solitary conone of them shall, without permission in writing finement, and confinement in: tread-mill or from the district judge or magistrate, e. allowed stocks, one or more, at the discretion of the to, keep a fire-arm, sword, or other' military judge of th'e superior court, the district judge,, weapon, except that one of them, who is the or the magistrate, who pronounces the sentence. owne'r of a farm,.may keep a shot-gun or rifle, In.this act, and in respect to all crimes and such as is ordinarilyiused in hunting, but nota misdemeanors, the term servants shall be unpistol, musket,:or other fire-arm. or weapon derstood to embrace an apprentice as well as a appropriate for' purposes of war..The district servant under contract. judge or a magistrate may give an order, under SEC. 29 provides that, upon view of a misdewhich any weapon unlawfully kept may be meanor committed-by a person of color, or by seized and sold, the proceeds of sale to go into a white person toward a person of color, a magthe- district court fund.' The possession of a istrate may arrest the offender, and, according weapon in violation ofthis act shall be a misde- to the nature of the case, punish the offender meaner which shall be tried before, a district summarily, or bind him in recognizance with court or a magistrate, and in case of conviction, sufficient sureties.to appear at the next monthly shall be punished by.a fine- equal to twice the sitting of the district court, or commit him for value of the weapon so unlawfully kept, and if trial before the district court. that be not immediately paid, by corporeal pun- SE. 30 provides that,'upon view of a misdeishment. meaner committed by a person of color, any.SEC. 14- provides.that it shall not be lawful person present may arrest the offender and take for a person of color to be the: owner, in whole him before a magistrate, to be dealt with as the or in'part, of any distillery, where: spirituous case. may require.; In case of a misdemeanor liquors.of any kind are made, or of.any.est-ab- committed by a white person toward a person lishment where spirituous liquors of any kind of color, any person may complain to a magisare sold by retail; nor for' a.person of color to trate, who shall cause the offender to be.arbe engaged in distilling any spirituous liquors, ressted, and, according to the nature of the case, or in retailing the same in a shop or elsewhere. tobe brought before himself, or be taken for A person of color who shall do anything con- triil in the district court. trary to the prohibitions herein contained shall An Act'to establish District Courts, December be guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon convic- 19, 1865. tion, may be punished'by fine or corporeal Courts are established to have "exclusive jupunishment and hard labor, as to the district risdiction, subject to. appeal, of all civil causes judge or magistrate before whom he may be where one or both the parties are persons of.color, tried: shall seem meet.. and of.'all.criminal cases.wherein. the accused SEC. 22 provides that no person of'color shall is a person of' color, and also;of all cases of migrate into and reside in. this State, unless, misdemeaiiors affecting the person.or property ^36(;~~ ~POLITICAL -MANUAL. of a' person of color, andl of all cases of bas- art or tradeunless he shows that he has served an tardy, and of all cases of vagrancy, not.-tried apprenticeshipin such tradeorart or artr is now before a magistrate." p. practicing such trade or art." An indictment against a white person for Former slaves, now helpless, who were on a ~the homicide of a person' of color shall be tried farm Nov. 10,1865 and six months previous shall in the superior court of law, and so shall other not be evicted by th.e owner from the house oc-.indictments in which a white person is accused cupie.d'by them.before January 1, 1867.'of -a capital felony affecting the person or prop- It " provides that if the.district court' fund;'erty of a person of color. after, payment of the sums with which it is In every case, civil and' criminal, in which a charged, on account of the salary of the judge person of color is a party, or which affects the of the district court, superintendent of convicts, ~person or property-of a person of color, per- jurors, and other expenses of the court and. of -sons of color shall be competent witnesses. convicts, shall be ins.uffcient to support indigent'The accused, in such a criminal case, and the persons of color, who may.be proper charges on parties in every such civil case, may be wit- the public, the.board aforesaid. shall have.power,niesses, and so may every other person who is a to impose for that'purpose, whenever it.may be:competent witness; and in every such'case, required, a tax of one dollar on each male p.ereither party may offer testimony as to his own son of color between the ages of eighteen and -character, or that'of his' adversary or of the fifty years, and fifty cents on each. unmarried prosecutor, or of the third person mentioned in female person of colon between the. ages of an indictment.' eighteen and forty-five,.to be collected in each - December -21-" An act to establish and regu- precinct by amagistrate thereof: Provided, That rate the domestic relations of persons of color, the said imposition of a tax shall be approved and to amend the law in relation to paupers and in writing by the judge of the district court, vagrancy," establishes the relation of husband and that his approv.al shall appear in the jourand wife, declares: those now living; as such to nals of that court.":, be husband and wife, and provides that persons of color desirous hereafter.to niarry shall have erof General Sickles, disregardig the Code, the contract duly solemnized. A-parent may January17,166. bind his child over two years of age as an ap- 1866, January 17-Major General Sickles isprentice to serve till 21 if a male, 18 if a fe-sued this order: male. All persons of color who make contracts' HEAD'RS DEP'T OF SOUTH CAROLINA, for service or labor shall be known as servants, January 17, 1866. and those: with whom they contract as masters.'[G. O., No. 1.]-I. To the end. that civil rights "Colored childen between 18 and 21, whoand immunities may beenjoyed; that kindly re-'have neither father nor mother living in the dis- lations among the inhabitants of the State may tict: in which they are found, or whose parents be established; that the rights and duties of the are paupers, or unable to afford them a com- employer and the free laborer respectively taay -fortable maintenance, or whose parents are not be defined; that the soil may be cultivated and teaching them habits of industry and honesty, the system of free labor undertaken; that the or are persons of notoriously bad character, or owners of estates may be secure in the possession are vagrants, or have been convicted of infamous of their lands and tenements;'that persons able offences, and colored children, in all' cases where and willing to work may have employment; they are in danger of moral contamination, may that idleness and vagrancy may be discountebe bound as apprentices by the district judge or nanced, and encouragement given to industry ner of themagistrates'for the aforesaid tem."' and thrift; and that iumane provision may be'It "provides that no person of color shall made for the aged', infirm and destitute, the folpursue or practice the art, trade, or business of lowing regulations are established for the govt ani artisan; mechanic, or'shopkeeper, or any ernment of all concerned. in this department.'other trade, employment, or business, (besides II. All laws shall be applicable alike to all that of husbandry, or that of'a servant under the' inhabitants. No person shall be held'ina contract for service: or labor,) on his' own ac- competent to sue, make complaint,' or to testify, count' and for his own benefit, or in partnership because of color or caste. with a white person, or as agent'or servant of'.III. All' the employments of husbandry or any person, until he shall have: obtained a ii- the'useful arts, and all lawful'trades or callings,'tense.therefor from the judge of -the district may be followed by all' persons, irrespective of courrt, wihich license shall be good for one year color or caste; nor shall any freedman be obliged only-I' This license the judge may grant upon to pay any tax or: any fee for a license, nor be petitionof the applicant,;and upon being sat- amenable to any municipal or parish ordinance isfied of hlis skill:and:fitness, and of his good not imposed upon all other persons. moral' character, and upon paymen'tby the ap- -IV. The lawful industry of all persons who plicant to the clerk of -he -districcbt cout of:one live under' the protection of the, United States, -.tudred dollatrsif A.'sh.opkeepe'r aor' pedlar, to be'and owe obedience to its laws, being'useful to paidanpually, and ten'dollars.if-a mechanic, the individual, and essential to thewelfare of artisan, or to'engage bin'any other trade; aiso to society, no person will be restrained from. seekb-bepaidarihnually: P-rovided, howeves,.That upon ing employment when not bound by voluntary! complaint being: mad:e and'provedito the district agreement, nor hinder ed-from traveling fromi. judge of an abuse: of such license, he' shall. re- place to place, on lawful business. All combivoke, the.same: A nd proEvided,e also,: T.h'at': n nations'or';agreemnt s' which:'re intended to person of color shall practice'anyi. mecihaiiical hinder, or may so operate as to hinder, in:.any LEGISLATION RESPECTING FREEDMEN. 87 way, the employment of labor —or to limiticom — sistant commissioner of the:'Freedmen's Bureau, pensation for labor-or to compel labor to. be: to'provide for aged and infirm refugees, indigent involuntarily performed —in certain places or for- freed, people and:orphan children. certain persons; as well as all combinations-or. XIII. The vagrant laws of the State of South agreements to prevent the sale or hire of lands Carolina, applicableto free white persons, will or tenements, are declared to be misdemeanors; be recognized as the only: vagrant laws applicaand any person or persons convicted -thereof ble to the freedmen; nevertheless, such laws: shall be punished by fine'not exceeding $500, or shall niot be considered applicable to persons by imprisonment, not to. exceed six months, or::who are-without employment, if they shall prove by both such fine and imprisonment.. - that they have.been unable to obtain employV. Agreements for labor orpersonal service of ment, after diligent effortsto do so. any kind, or for the use and occupation of lands XIV. It shall be the duty of officers commandand tenements, or for any other lawful purpose, ing posts to see that issues of rations to freedbetween freedmen and other persons, whenfairly.men are confined to destitute persons who are made, will be immbdiately enforced against unable to work because of infirmities arising either.party violating the same. from old age or chronic diseases, orphan chilVI. Freed persons,'unable to labor, by reason dren too young to work, and refugee freedmen of age' or infirmity, and orphan.-children of returning to their homes with-the sanction of iender.years, shall have allotted to' them by: the proper authorities; and in ordering their owners suitable quarters on the premises where issues, commanding officers will be careful not to fBiey have'been heretofore domicil'ed as slaves, encouiage idleness or vagrancy.. District comutiitil adequate provision, approved by'the gene- manders will make consolidated ieports ofthese ral commanding, be made for ther by the State issues tri-monthly. o:r loc1al authorities, or otherwise; and they shall XV. The proper authorities of the. State in not be removed from the premises, unless for' the several municipalities and districts shall prodisorderly behavior, misdemeanor, or other of- ceed to make suitable provision for their poor, fence'committed by the:h-ead of a family or a without.distinction of color; in default of which member thereof. the general commanding will levy an equitable VII. Able-bodied freedmen, when'tnhey leave tax on persons and property sufficient for the the premises in' which th'ey:may be domiciled, support of the poor.. hall take with them and provide for such o'f XVI. The constitutional rights of all loyal their relatives' as by the laws of South Caro- and well-disposed inhabitants to.bear arms will ltia all'citi2ens ar'-obliged to maintain. not be infringed; nevertheless this shall not.be VIII. When a freed person, domiciled on a construed to sanction the, unlawful practice of plantation, refuses to work there, after laving carrying concealed weapons, nor to authorize been offered employment by the owner or lessee, any person to enter, with arms on the premises on fair terms, approved by the agent of the of another against his consent. No one shall Freedmen's Bureau,, such freedman or woman bear'arms who has borne arms against the Unishall remove.from the premsises within ten days- ted Statees, unlesshe shall' have taken the am' after such oferi and due notice,to remove by nesty oath prescribed in the proclamation of the the owner or occupant.. President of the United States, dated May 20, IX. When able-bodied freed, persons are do- 1865, or the oath of allegiance, prescribed in the miciled on premises where they have been here- proclamation of the President, dated December tofore held as slaves, and are not employed 8, 1863, within the time prescribed therein. thereon or elsewhere, they'shall.be p'ermitted to And no disorderly person, vagrant, or disturber remain, on showing.to the satisfaction of the of the peace, shall be allowed to bear arms. commanding officer of the post' that theyhave XVII. To secure the same. equal justice and' made diligent and proper efforts to obtain em- personal liberty to the freedmen as td other inployment. habitants, no penalties or punishments different.X. Freed persons oc.cupying premises without from those to which all persons are amenable the authority of the United States, or the per- shall'be imposed on freed people; and all crimes mission of the owner, and who have not been and offences which are prohibited under existing heretofore held there as.slaves, may be removed laws shall be understood as prohibited in the by the commanding officer'of the post, on. the case of freedmen; and if committed by a freedcomplaint of the. owner, and proof of the refusal man, shall, upon conviction, be punished in the of.:said freed persons to remove after ten days' same manner as if conmitted by a' white man.. notice. r.. XVIII. Corporeal punishment shall not be in*;;XI.,Any person emsployed or domiciled on. a flicted upon any person other than a minor, and plantation or elsewhere, who may be righltfully then only by the parent, guardian, teacher, or dismissed by the terms of agreement, or expelled one to whom said minor is lawfully bound by for misbehavior, shall leave the premises, and indenture of apprenticeship. shall not return without the consent of the owner XIX. Persons whose conduct tends to a breach or tenant thereof.. of the peace may be required to give security: XII. Commanding officers of districts will es- for their good behavior, and in default thereof tablish within their commands'respectively suit- shall be held in custody.. able regulations' for hiring out to labor, for. a XX.' All injuries to the person or property period not to exceed one year, all vagrants who committed by or upon freed persons shall be cannot be adva.ntageously' employed on roads, punished in the manner provided by the laws fortifications and other public work.'.. The pro- of. South Carolina for like injuries to the perceeds of such labor shall be paid Over to the as- sons or property of citizens thereof. If no prb 38 POLITICAL MANUAL. vision be made by the laws of the State, then lattoes, except the act to'prevent their migration the punishment for such:offences shallbe'accord- into the State, and the act prohibiting the sale ing to the course of common law; and in the of'fire-arms and'ammunition to'them, be, and case of any injury to the person or'property, thesame are hereby; repealed; and all thecrimi-'not prohibited by the common law, or for which nal laws'of this State applicable to white perthe punishment shall, not hbe appropriate; such. sons now in force, and not in conflict with, or sentence shall be imposed' as, in:-the discretion modified by, the legislation of the present session. of the court before which' the trial is: had, shall of the General Assembly, shall be deemed and be deemed proper, subject to the approval of the held to apply equally to all the inhabitants of general commanding.'.' - the same without distinction of color.'XXI. All arrests'for- whatever cause will be Aact to Establishand Enfor the arriage reported tri-monthly, -with the.: proceedings........ repor-tled tnr-montyhly,'with the: ~proceedings~ Relation between Persons of Color, January 11, thereupon, through the prescribed channel, to 18661 the general commanding.; XXth II gene commanding.; oflicers'of.-districts:SEC. 1 requires all- the colored inhabitants, XXII. Commanding officers of districts, subdistricts, and posts, within their commands re- nto be living toaether in the reltion of ihusband and wife, and who have not been joined spectively, in the absence ofthe duly-appointed as such agreeably to the laws, and who shall agent,' will -perform any duty appertaining,to gthe orwill perform anydthe appeaui. ofing..to mutually desire to continue in that, relation, Ftordinary, age bandoned Landsu-, a Refu..egees,'within nine.months from the passage of this act, Freedmen, and AbandoDed Lands-, ca.refully,:obI cartoefuly - appear before somperson eallv authorized serving for their guidance all orders publishedto ap r b re pern legally authorized b. the commissioner or assistant commissioner, to perform the m.arriage ceremony, h bod regiuor other competent authority.. larly. joined in the'holy bonds of matrimony. orXXIII. District cuthoritanders willenforc SEC. 2provides that the issue of such prior XXIII. District -commanders.'will'enfo e cohabitaionshall'belegitimated by the act of these regulations by suitable instructions to cohabitaion shall be legitimated by the act of teseu regulationsd b post cmabersi taIing oa marriage.so regularly contracted as aforesaid, sub-district and post commanders taking'care be hencefth entitled to allthe rights and':and be thenceforth etitled to allthe rights, and that justice be done, that fair dealing between man and man be bserved, and that no.unneces- privilege of a legitiate hffspring. aary hardship, and no cruel or unusual punish- Ste. 5 provides that after. theexpration of the time limited in, the first section, all laws ap-'mesBy command of D. E. SIon anEs Major Gen plicable to or regulating the marriage relation':,By' Command of ~D.E.':SIOKLE&; Major GenB omnroal'E. SiCKE,.ao Gn t.between white persons shall deemed to apply to Official: W. L.-M. BRGE:, the same relation between the.colored population, Official-. W. L.-2f.L BURGER, Assistant Adjutant General. of the State. ~- -'{-:!,An Act'in Addition to An Act concerning MarFLORIDA.'- riageo Licenses, January 12, 1866. &n Act to Establish and Organize a County SEC. I provides that if any white female re'Criminal Court, January 11, 1866. ident shall hereafter' attempt to intermarry, or.hall'live in, a-cate''of adultery -or fornication, SEC. 1 gives.the court jurisdictionin- cases of hallliven teof adulery or foniction, with any": negro:,:mulatto,:or'other person of assault assaultand battery, assaultwith intent h erom tto, er erson tokill, riotfraylarceny, robbery, arsonbrg color, she shall be deemed to be guilty of a mist~ill, ~rio~t~affray, dlarcenymrobberyarson burg- d eanor,: and upon" conviction shall be -fined Lary, malicious mischief, vagrancy, and all mis-, a on on tioshall demeanors, andall offences against religionchas in a sum anot exceeding onethousand llar or tity, morality, and decency: Provided, That thebe Confined in.te public jil not exceeding punishment of thesame es not affect the lif three moths,t t dscretion of t of the.offender.'The Governor, to appoint the jury; and shall, moreover,' be disqualified to diotment, orwritenle ings, sh required. SEC. 2 provides that if any hegro, mulatto, or Were a fine is imposed, and not paid, the party other person of' color, shall hereafter live in a may be put t such labor as t he count y commis- state of adultery or fornication with any hite sionermay direct, the co mpensaton for which to female resident within the limits of this State, sioner may direc,.fthe: compensation for whioh E to'^ o deemed io-anyuilt rof mulattoanor go:in payment of.te fine and cost ofprosecu-. heshal be deemed teuiltyof isdemeanor, tion;.or.:the-said county.commissioner..may and" upo o n tio n shall. lae fi led in a sum hire'.out, at public outcry, the said -party not exceeding one thousand dollars, or be made to ally. person who ~will take him or herforthe to' stand in the pillory for on'e hour and be whip to anyperson bho'will:lhimorhr'for the en'ceedn' thrty-nine stri es, or'boty,shortest time., and pay the fine, forfeitureand ped not exceeding thirt-ntine stripes, or- both, penalty imposed and co.s.0f, at the discretion of the jury. penalty -mp e rose c ution.' SEC. 3 rovides:that' ever person who shall An Act to' Extend:to all the Inhabitantsofithe lhave one eighth or.'rore of negro blood shall be State the Benefit of Courts of Justice, and the deemed and held'to be a, person of color. Processes thereofa, auary 1866.. Sc. 4provides that'in existing cases, upon SEc. 1 provides.that the judicial tribunals of petition' to the circuit juidge,o parties coming this State, witih ithe processes-.thereof, shall be; within the provisions of this.act and liable to accessible' to; all the- inhabitants of the State, be punished under.the same, may by order and without distinction of color;, for the'prosecution judgment of- said judge be' relieved from' the ~and defence of all the rights of'person and:prop- penalties thereof, when'.in" his opinion justice erty, subject only to the restrictions contained'in and equity shall so require.. the constitution- of,the St.ate..'.''' SEO. 5 provides that in all cases where mar-' SE.2 provides that all lawsheretofore passed, riages have heretofore been contracted:.and with reference to slaves, free negroes,' and ru e- solemnized between white persons and persons ot LEGISLATION RESPECTINGi FREEDMEN. 39 color, and where the parties have continued to term, on any farm or-plantation in this State, if live as man and wife, the said'marriages are. he. shall refuse or neglect to perform the sti.puhereby legalized, and neither of the parties lations of his contract bywilful disobedience of shall be subject to. the provisions of this or of'orders, wanton impudence or disrespect to his any other act. employer, or his authorized. agent, failure or an ^ ^'~^^ n^'13't-n +'<- + ~D Tyefusal to perform ther workssined to him, An Act to Require the Children of Destitute Per- refusal to perform the work assigned to him, idleness oor aandonmentofthepremises or the sons to. Provide for the Support of said Per- ~ omen t of thepremises or the - sons, Jlanuary 11, 1866..:''employmentof the party with whom the' consols, Janar II,16itract, was. made, he or she shall be liable, upon' SEC. 1 requires the children of naturalparents,the complaint of his employer orhis agent, who are unable to support -themselves to make made under oath before any justice of the peace provision for their support. In case ofneglect,:ofthe county, to be arrested and tried before and proof before a justice of thepeacee or judge, the criminal court of the county, and upon conthat officer shall make an order of assessment viction shall be' subject to all the pains and' on the children for the necessary amount, which penalties prescribed for the' punishment of vSorder shall carry with it the right of enforce- grancy: Provided, That itshall be optional witih ment by execution, and shall have the force of a the employer to require that such laborer be writ of garnishrhent on the wages of such remanded to his service, instead of being subchildren. jected to the punishment aforesaid: Provided, An Act to Punish Vagrants and Vagabonds., further, That if:it shall on such trial appear January 12, 1866. that the'complaint made is not well founded, SE t. Defines s v t "e y a - the court shall dismiss such complaint, and give boiadperson w.. Defines asno vagiibant s.of lv-jud genrt in favor of such laborer against the bodied-person whyshas no visible means. of liv- for such sum as may appear to be ing and shall not b.e employed.at some labor to employer, for snch sum as may apear to be herself, orshall be leading due under the contract, and for such damages support himself o r shallbe leading an idle, immoral, or profligate, course of life; and s my assessed by the jury. SE~c. 3 provides that wlen any.employ6 asi may be. arrested by any justice of the peaco.or SE. 3 provides that when anyemploy as maybudge of the c ountycriminal courtand e boud afresaid shall be in the occupancy of any house judge of the county ciminal courtandbe bound or room on the premises of the employer by'in sufficient, surety." for good behavior and. rtue of his contract to labr, and h shall b future industry for one year. IUpon refusing ue o have violatedhis ontract; or when or. failing.to give such. security, he or she may djudged be ommitted for rialan d i f cictedse n' any eemploy& as aforesaid'shall attempt to hold be.committed for'trial, and if convicted s - 0ssession of such house or room beyond the tenced to labor. or imprisonment not exceeding r his contradt, ainst the consent of the twelve months,' by whipping not gexcem.feding emtployer, iat sha th e consent of the jdgeof twelve'months: by whi in no exceeding thirty-nine, or bi p in the pillory. the csriminal court, upon the application of the If sentenced to labor, the "sheriffor other officer If sentenced to labor, the'sheriffor'otherofficer ielployer and.due proof'made before him, to of said court shall hire out such. person forthe employer, andto e eriof m te befor, toterm to which he or she shall be sentenced, not.: iss his writ t the hthe sac, omexceeding twelve' months.,aforesaid, and the anding him forthwith to eject the said emxprceeds of hiring tehall bs paidf into the' ploye and to put the employer into full possession proceeds of su.ch hilng shalel bepai ntsoi the premises: Provided, Three days' previous county treasury." All.vagrant going ared o notice shall be given to the employ6 of the day may be disarmed by the' sheriff, constable; or police officer. o tria. -police officer.. SEa.. 4 provides that if any person employing An Act in Relation to Contracts of Persons of the services or labor of another, under contract Color, January 12, 1866. entered into as aforesaid, shall violate his contract SEc.'1 Provides that all contracts with per- by refusing or neglecting to pay the stipulated sons of color shall be'made in writing and wages or compensation agreed upon, r any part fully explained to'them before two credible wit-,thereof, or by turning off the employ6 before nesses, which contract shall be in duplicate, one the expiration of the term, unless for sufficient. copy to be retained by the employer and the cause, or unless such right is reserved by the other filed with some judicial officer of the State contract, the party so employed may make comand county in which the parties may be residing plaint thereof before the judge of the criminal at the date of the contract, with the affidavit of court, who shall at an early day, on reasonable one or both witnesses,, setting forth that the otice to the other party, cause the same to be terms rand effect of such contract were fully ex- trie by a jury summoned for the purpose, who, plained to the colored person, and that he, she, in addition to the amount that may be proved or they had voluntarily-entered intoand signed tobe due under the contract, may give such thee contract and no contract shall be of any damages as they in their discretion may deemto. validity against any person of color unless so be right and proper, and the judgment thereon executed aindifiled: Provided, That contracts for'shall bea first lien on the crops of all kinds in service or labor may be made for less time.than the cultivation of which such labor may have, thirty days-by parol. been employed:' Provided, That either party' SEC. 2 Provides, that -whereas is is essential shall be entitled to an appeal to the circuit court, to the welfare and'prosperity of.the entire popu-as in case of appeal from justices of the peace. lation.of the State that the agricultural interest SE.. 5 provides'thatif any person shall entice, be sustained and placed upon a permanent basis, induce, or otherwise persuade any laborer or'it is provided that when any person of color employe to quit the service'of andther to which shall enter into a contract as aforesaid, to serve. he was bound by contract, before the expiration' as a laborer for a year, or any other specified, of the term of'service'stipulated in said contract, 40 POLITICAL MANUAL. he shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon exceeding thirty-nine' stripes. An assault upon conviction shall be fined in a sum not exceeding a white female, with intent to. commit a rape,: or one thousand dollars, or shall stand in the pillo- being accessory thereto, is punishable with death. rynot more than three hours,ior oe whipped An Act Prescribing additional Penalties for the not more than thirty-nine stripes, on thenbare ComainsttheStateJanback, at the discretionofthe jury.. uary51866 SEc. 6'applies the provisions 0f.this act toall n-tSEC. 6pplies then pe visioptyie s a cd p oysall S E. 12iprovides that it shall not be. lawful for contractsbbetwden employers arid'_employ6s reany negro, mulatto,'or other person of color, to lating to the lumber, raftfing,or milling business, orkeeinhisposseionor underhis and to all other contracts with persons of color trol bowie-knife dirk sword, fire-arms, t6 do labor and ~to parform service; control any bowie-knife, -dirk, sword, fre-arms, Ac dolaborandtoperformservice.or ammunition.of.any kind, unless he first obAnA ct prescribing additional Penalties for the tain a license to do so from the judge of proCommission of Offences again'tthe. State, and bate of the county in which: he may be a resi for other purposes, January 15, 1866. dent for the time being; and the said judge of, SEC. 1 providegthat whenever in the criminal probate is. hereby authorized to issue license, laws of this State, heretofore enacted,.the:pun- upthe he recommendation:of two respectable ishment of the offence. is limited to finn and im- citizens of the county,.certifying to.the peace' prisonment, or to fine or imprisonment, there ful and orderly character of the applicant; and shall be superadded, as an alternative, the pun- any negro, mulatto, or other person of color, so ishment of standing in the pillory for an hour, offending, shall be deemed to "be guilty of a misor whipping not exceeding thirty-nine stripes on demeanor, and upon' conviction shall forfeit to the bare back, or both,, at the discretion of the the-use of the informer all such fire-arms and jury.' ammunition, and: in addition'thereto, shall be SEC. 3 makes a felony, punishable with sentenced to stand'in the pilloryfor one hour, death, the exciting, or attempting to excite, by or be whipped, not-exceeding thirty-nine stripes, writing, speaking, or by other means, aninsur- or' both, at the discretion.of the jury. rection or sedition amongst any portion or class SEC. 14 provides that if any negro, mulatto, of the population... or other person of color, shall intrude himself SEC. 12 makes it unlawful for any negro, into'any religious or other public assembly of mulatto, or person of color to own, use, or keep white persons, or into any railroad car or other i'A possession or under control any bowie-knife,'public vehicle set apart for the exclusive accoomdirk, sword, fire-arms,. or ammunition of any modation of white people', he shall be deemed kind, unless by license of the county judge of to -be guilty of a misdemeanor,. and upon conprobate, under apenalty of forfeiting them tothe.viction.shall be sentenced to stand in the pilinformer, and of standing. i the pillory one hour, lory for one hour, or beewhipped, not exceeding'or be whipped not exceeding thirty-ninestripes, thirty-nine stripes, or both, at the discretion of or both, at the discretion of the jury. the jury; nor shall it be. lawful for any white perSEC. 14 forbids colored and white persons' son to intrude himself into any religious or respectively from intruding upon each other's other public assembly of colored persons., or public assemblies,/ religious' or other, or public, into any railroad ear or other public vehicle, vehicle' set apart for their, exclusive use, under set apart for the exclusive accommodationi of perpunishment of pillory or stripes, or both. sons of color', under the same penalties. SEc. 15 provides.that persons forming a milita7 organization not authorized by: law, or A Florida, January 16, 1868. aiding or abetting it,'shall;. be fined' not exceeding $1.,000 and imprisonment. notexceeng six'SECTION 1 impose. a yearly capitation tax of mrron~ths,:or be pilloried for one hour, and:be three dollars. upon every male inhabitant bewippod. not exceeding thirty-nine stripes, at the tween twenty-one.and.fifty-five, except paupers discretio n of the jeurythetpenatiesto, be three- and insane or. idiotic pdrsons. In default of old reiupon persons who acceptednot ces in. such payment the-tax collector is hereby authorized oand urequired to seize the body of the said delinproorhz huationsn quent and hire him out, after five days' public w;Ei.t 19 prohtbie s e anynr peerson fromu hunting notice, before the door of the'public court-house, withlin the enclosure of another witiout his con- sent,; under penalty of a fine of $1,000, or, im- to any person who will pay the said taxand the p r isone n: notJ exceeding six months, or the costs incident:to the pr.oceedings growing out of prisonmentrn t ce bein g p e not said arrest, and take him.into his service for the pi"lnory foir. ine hour,'and bein " whpped not shortest period of time.: Provided, That if said; eeedingS. thirty-nine stipes:. So, ifa person delinquent -be in the: employment of anotherthe.ta r.ide. oi.uses.any y.horse, mule,.ass.or, said. employer..may pay the tax and costs, and: withoQut.the consent of the owner, whether he:the said payment. shall be good' as a credit person so usinfog is. int p the owner or nst the nt tat may e epdu by the emnot::so, bysE. 1;7, if a p.er. shall nmove again thlo e asagns to th'e said delinquent.h into any tenant house or othier building'without poy asags t leave of the person in' charge,'or illegally, take An Act Concerning Schools. for Freedmen, Janpossession of any church or scho pl-house,du.* da.' ury 6,1866..tional or charit-able building, or cut..own trees.-Provision is. made for schools for freedmenex.ce4eding "1 in value, with.a.view to convert supported by a t'ax of one dollar' upon all male the; sa.me to his own use. Burglary is pnisha-.persons of color between twenty-one and fifty-blewith death, or fine of' $1,O'and. imprison- five, and a tuition' fee to be collected from each men.t not.:exceeding six months, or stnding in pupil-the schools to be in charge of a superinthe pillory one hour, and being whipped not tendentand assistants;' no person to teach With LEGISLATION RESPECTING 1-EREEDMEN. 41 out a certificate; and the fee, five dollars, to go to age of this act.. And when the parties havethe school fund for freedmen, and the certificate ceased: to cohabit before the passage of this act, good for one year, subject to be cancelled'by the in consequence of the death of the woman,, "or superintendent for incompetency,'- immorality or from.any other cause, all the children of the other sufficient cause. The.superintendent "to woman, recognized by the man to be his, shall establish schools for freedmen when' the number be deemed legitimate. of children of persons of color-in any county or Bigamy, too, is punished in the case of the counties will warrant the same::Provided, The negro as of the white person, and' also interfunds provided for shall be sufficient to raeet-the' marriage within the prohibited'degrees. And. expenses thereof."' -': all persons officiating in the rites of marriage By'another act, the interest from the school without due authority of law are punished by fine fund of the State is applied to the education of and imprisonment. - indigent white children.. Under'the old code these provisions applied An Act concerning Testimony, January 16,1866. only to white persons.. -...... -- -Be it:enacted, That every person having one SECTION 3 pr6videsthat this act shall not be fourth or more of negro blood shall'be deemed construed to authorize the testimony of.colored a colored' person, and every person not a colored persons to be taken by depositions in writing or person having one fourth:or: more of Indian, upon. written interrogatores, otherwise'than in blood shall be deemed an.Indian. such manner as will enable the court or jury to -2. All laws' in respect to crimes and punishjudge, of the credibility'of the witness. ments, and in respect to.criminal proceedings,.applicable to white persons, shall apply in like VIRGINIA. manner to colored persons and to Indians, unless These are some of the'pirovisions in the re- when it is otherwise specially provided. cently-enacted laws of Virginia respecting col- 3. The following acts' and parts of acts are ored persons: hereby repealed, namely All acts and parts of That no contract between a white person and acts relating to slaves an'd slavery; chapter one a colored person, for the labor' or service of the hundred and seven of the codeof eighteen hunlatter for a longer period than two months, shall d:red ands sixty, relating'to free negroes; chapter be binding on such colored person, unless the'two hundred of said code relating to offences by contract be in writing, signed by such white per- negroes; chapter two hundred and twelve' of son or his agent and by such colored person, and isaid code, relating to proceedings against neduly acknowledged before a justice or notary groes; chapter ninety-eight of said code, relatpublic, or clerk of the county or corporation ing' to patrols,; sections twenty-five to fortycourt, or overseer of the poor, or two or moreseven, both inclusive,'of chapter one hundred credible witnesses, in the county or corporation ninety-two of said code; sections twenty-six to court in which the white person may reside, or thirty, both inclusive, and sections thirty-three in which the labor or service it to be performed. to thirty-seven, both inclusive, of chapter one And it shall be the duty of the justice, notary, hundred and ninety-eight of said code; the fifth clerk or overseer of the poor, or the' witnesses, paragraph, as enumerated in section two of chapto read and explain the contract to the colored ter two hundred and three, of said code; all acts person, before taking his acknowledgment there'- and parts of acts imposing on negroes the penofand to state that this' has been done in the alty of stripes, where the same penalty is not certificate of acknowledgment of the contract. imposed on white persons; and all other acts ~ " 5. The writing by which any minor ais and parts of acts inconsistent with this act are bound an apprentice, shall specify his age, and ihereby repealed. what art, trade, or business he is to be taught. January 24-General Terry issued this order: The master, whether it is expressly provided Tie VirginiaVagrant Act'GeneralTerry orers therein or not, shall-be bound to teach him tthenE n oreen same,, and shall also be bound to teach him read- its on-Enforcment ing, wrting, and commoln arithmetic, including GENERAL ORDERSNo 4. the rule of three.". - I.H'EDQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF VA., Thbe marital relation between colored persons RI' c'R~MOD, January 24, 1866. is'regulated by law. The colored' person must By a statute passed at the present session of procure a license the same as the whites, and the Legislature of Virginia, entitled "A bill persons celebrating a marriage are obliged to re- providing for the punishment of vagrants," it portit'to the county clerks, and whether white is enacted,, among other things, that any jusor colored. tice of the peace,: upon the'complaint of any one.'Where colored persons, before the, passage of of certain officers'therein named, may issue his this act, shall have undertaken and agreed to warrant for the apprehension of any person aloccupy the relation to each other of' husband leged to be a vagrant and cause such person to and ife;,and shall be cohabiting together as be':apprehended and brought before himi and such atthetime of its passage, wheter te rites of that if upon due examination said justice of the marriageshal lhave'been celebratedbetweenthem.peace shall find'that such person is a vagrant or not, they shall be deemed husband and'wife,'within the definition -of vagrancy contained in. and be entitled to the -rights and privileges, and said statute, he-shall issue his warrant, directing subject to the duties- and' obligations, of that re- such person to be employed for'a term not exlation lin like- ma'nner as if- they had been duly- ceeding three months, and by any constable of nmarried, and all their children shall: be deemed, the county wherein the proceedings are-.had be! legitimate, whether born f bgefore oraafter the pass- hired out for the best wages which can be p~ 42' POLITICAL MANUAL. cured,'his wages to he applied to the support of colored person or an Indian is a party, or which himself and his family. Thesaid statutefurther arise, out of an injury done, attempted, or provides, that in. case any vagrant so hired threatened to the person, property, or rights of shall, during his term of service, run away from a colored person or Indian, or in which it'is his.employer: without sufficient cause, he shall alleged in the presentment, information, or inbe apprehended on the warrant "of a justice of dictments, or in which the court is of opinion. the' peace and:returned'to the custody of his from the other evidence that there is probable employer, wliho shall then have, free from any cause to believe that.the offence was committed other hire,'thleservices of- such. vagrant for one by a white person in conjunction or co-operation month.in addition totheo.riginalterms of hiring, with a colored person or Indian. and that.the- employer.shall; then have power, r'.3. The testimony of colored personsshall, in if authorized by a justice of theopeace, to: work all cases and proceedings, both at law and in s.Uch vagrant. with ball and chain.:. The said equity, be given ore tenms, and not by deposition,. statute specifies the persons who shall hbecon- and in suits in equity, and in all other cases in sidered vagrants and liable.to the.penalties im- which the deposition of the witness would reg-,posed- by it:.. Among those declared'to be ularly be:part of-the record, the court shall, vagrants. are all persons who, not-havifig the: if desired by any party, or if deemed proper by wherewith: to support their families, live idly itself, certify the facts proved bysuch'witnesses, and without employment, and.refuse to. workl or the evidence given by him as far as credited fort'he usual and common wages given to other -by the court, as the one or tile other may be laborers in. the like work in the. place where proper under the rules of law applicable to the they are.. case, and such certificate shall he made part In..many counties of,.this State-meetings of of the record. employers have been' held,'and unjust and March 4-The Legislature adjourned. wrongful combinations have-been.entered into'.. for the purpose of depressing the wages of the: TENNESSEE. freedmen below the real value of their labor, 1866, January 25-This bill became a law: far below the prices formerly.paid to: masters That persons of African and Indian descent. for labor performed.by their slaves. By reason are hereby declared to- be competent witnesses of.these combinations wages-utterly inadequate. in all the courts of this State, in as full a manner to the support of themselves and.families have, as such persons are by an act'of Congress comin many places, become the usual and common. petent witnesses in all the courts of the'United wages of thefr'eedmen.:.The effect of th e etatute States, and all laws and parts of laws of the in: question will be,.therefore, to'compel the State excluding such persons from competency freedmen, under.penalty.of punishment as are hereby repealed: Provided, howeverr, That criminals, to accept and labor for the wages es-. this act shall not be so construed as to give tablished by these combinations of employers. colored persons the right to vote, hold office, or Itplaces them wholly in the powerof their ern- sit on juries in this State; and that this provisployers, and it is easy to foresee that, even ion is inserted by virtue of the provision of the where no such combination now exists, the 9tl section of the amended constitution, ratified temptation to form them offered by the statute February 22, 1865. will be too strong to be resisted, and that such May 26-This bill became a law: inadequate wages will.hbecome the common and An'act to define the term "persons of color," usual wvages throughout the State. The ulti- and to declare the rights of such persons. mate effect. of the statute will be to reduce the ~ SEO. l. That all negroes, mulattoes, mestizoes, freedmen to a conditionhof servitude worse than and their descendants, having any African blood that from which they.have been emancipated- in their veins, shall' be known in this State as a condition which will be slavery. in all but its "persons of color.".ndiame.'........',.....,.,.... Sizo.. 2. That persons of color shall have the It is therefore ordered that no magistrate, right to make and enforce contracts, to sue and civil officer or other person shall in any way or be sued,.to be parties and give evidence, to inmanner. apply- or attempt to apply the provis- herit, and to have full and equal benefits of all ions of. said. statute to.-any colored person in laws and proceedings for the security of person this department...''.:.:' and estate, and shall not be subject to any other By command of Major General A.. H. TERRY,, - O'r different punishment, pains, or penalty, for ED.. W. SmIT,. Assistant Adjutant.General. the commission' of any act or offence than such January 26-President Johnson- refused to: as are prescribed for white persons committing interfere with this order. The Legislature took: like acts or offences. rno'further action on the question.'.' SEo. 3. That all persons of color, being blind, -'February 28-This bill passed in relation to. deaf and dumb, lunatics,. paupers, or apprenthe testimony of. colored persons:. tices, shall have the full and perfect benefit-and; Be it enacted, That colored persons and Indi- application of all. laws regulating and providing ans shall, if otherwise competent, and. subject for white persons,'being blind, or deaf and dumb, to- the rules applicabl.o:to other:parsons, be i or lunatics or paupers, or either (in asylums for admitted'a.q witnesses in;the followimg cases::'. their.benefit) and apprentices. 1,. In all civil cases and proceedings at law or SEC. 4. That all acts or parts of acts or laws, in- equity, in which a colored person or an.Indian:nconsistent herewith, are hereby repealed: Prois:a'party, or may be directly:-benefited or:in- vided, That nothing in.this act shall be so conjired by the result..: - -: strued as to admit: persons of color to serve on - 2. Ini all criminal, proceedings in: which a' a jury: And provided further, That the provis LEGISLATION RESPECTING RBEEDMEN. 43 ions of tlis act shall not be so construed as, to or negligent work. Bad work shall not be al, require the education of colored and white chil- lowed. Failing to obey reasonable orders, neg'dren in the same school. lectof daty, and leaving home without permisSEc. 5. That all free persons of color who sion, will'be deemed disobedience; impudence, were living together as husband and wife in this swearing, or indecent language to or in the:'presState while in a state of slavery are hereby de- ence of the employer, his family' or agent, or, dared to be man and wife, and; their children. quarrelling and fighting with one another,-shall legitimately entitled to an inheritance in any be deemed disobedience.. For any disobedience property heretofore acquired, or that may here- a fine of one dollar shall be imposed On the ofafter be acquired; by said parents, to as full an' -fender.: For all lost time from work hours,. unextent: as the children of white citizens are now:less -in case of sickness,: the laborer shall be fined entitled by the existing laws of this State. twenty-fivecents per hour. For all absence from May 26 —All the freedmen's courts in Tennes- home without leave the laborer will be' fined at see were abolished by the assistant commander,;the rate of two- dollars per day. Laborers will the law of' the State making colored persons, not be required to labor on the Sabbath except competent witnesses in all civil courts.: to take the' necessary care of stock and other iproperty on plantations and do the necessary TEXAS.:cooking and household duties, unless by special A colored man is permitted by the new con- contract. For all thefts of the laborer from the stitution to testify orally where any one of his employer of agricultural products, hogs, sheep, race is a party, allows himto hold property, and poultry or any other property of the employer, (to sue and be sued. or wilful destruction of property or injury, the laborer shall pay the employer double the LOUISIANA.'amount of the value of the property stolen, des1865, December.-"An act to provide for troyed or injured, one half to be paid to the emand regulate labor contracts for agricultural pur- ployer and the other half to be placed in the suits" requires all such laborers to make labor general fund provided for in this section. No contracts for the next year within the firstten live stock-shall be'allowed, tolborers without days of January-the contracts t6 be in wrting, theipermission'f the emnployer. Lborers shall to be with heads of families, to embrace the ]abor not receive visitors during work hours. All diffiof all the members, and be binding on all minors culties arising between the employers and laborthereof. Each laborerafter choosing.his em- ers, -under this section, shall be settled; and all ployer, "shall not be allowed to leave his place fines be'imposed, by..the-former; if not satisfac-: of employment until the fulfillment,-f his con- tory to the laborers, an appeal may be.had to. tract, unless by consent of his em ployer, or on the nearest justice of the peace and two'freeaccount of harsh treatment, or breach of con- holders, citizens, one:ofsaid citizens to be setract on the part of employer;'and if they doso lected by the employer ahd the other by the leave, without cause or permission,.they'- shall laborer.;:.and all fines.impbsed and collected unforfeit all wages earned to the time of abandon- der thissection shallibe deducted from the wages ment." Wages due shall be a. lien upon the due, and.: shall be:placed in a common fund, to' crops;. and one half shall be paid iat periods be divided'among the other laborers employed. agreed by the parties, " but it shall be lawful for on. the.:plantation atthe time when their full the employer to'retain- the other mioiety until wages fall due, except as providedfor above. the completion of the contract.." -Employers, December 21- This bill became a law: failing to comply, are to be fi-ned double the. S.'1. That any one who shall persuade or amount due to laborer.; These are the. eighth' entice away, feed, harbor, or secrete any p.erson and. ninth-sections in fdll:' who. leaveshis or her employer, with whom she SEC. 8. That in case of sickness of the laborer, or he has:.coiitracted, or is assigned to live, or' -wages for the time lost shall be:deducted, and any'apprentice who is bound as an apprentice, where th6 sickness is feigned for purposesWof idle- without the permission of his or her employer,' ness, and also on refusal to work according to said person or:persons.so.offending shall be liacontra.ct, double the':amount'of: wages: shall be ble for damages to the employer, and also, upon deducted for th. time lost, and also where rations conviction thereof, shall. besubject to pay a fine have been furnished;: and should the refusal to of not more than: five hundred dollars, nor less work be continued beyond three days, the of- than ten dollars, or imprisonment in the parish fendershalll be reported to a'justice of the peace jail for notmoro' than twelve months nor.less and shlall be forced to labor on roads, levees, and than ten days,. or both, at the discretion of the.other public works, without pay,:until the of-. court.-.. fender consents to return.to hi's labor:: - SEc. 2.That it shall be duty of the judges of: SEC. 9. That, when in health,; the laborer shall: this State to give this-act especially in charge of work ten hour:sdu.ring the.day in summer, and' the. grand juries at each jury term of their nine hours during the: day' in —winter; unless respective courts. otherwise stipulated in.-the labor contract;: he' A'new:vagrant act is -thus condensed, in the shall, obey all proper orders of his employer or New Orlean's:Picayune:' his agent; take proper care of his work mules;,: I~t adopts: theo same definition of. vagrancy as horses, oxen, stock;:also of all agricultural in- in'the':act'of 1855, and provides that any person' pleenents;' and employers shall have the'right to charged with:vagrancy shall'be arrested on the make a, reasonable'deductioi from the laborer's warradt of ahy' judge or' justice' of the'peace;' wages for injuries done/to' animals' or agricultu- and if said judge or jistice of'the peace shall be: ral implements (committed.to'his care, orfor bad satisfied by the confession of the offender, or by' 44:POLITICAL MAlNgUAL. competent-testimony, that he is;a vagrant within cause him to labor on the public works, roads this said description, he shall make a c:ertificate anld levees, under such regulations as shall be of.the same. which shall be filed.with the clerk made by the municipal authorities: Provided, f::the ourt. of the. parish.and,.in.the city of That if.the accused be aperson who has abanNew.Orleans. The certificate shall be filed in doned his employer before his contract expired, the offices of the recordersi and the said justice the preference shall be given to such employer or:other fficer shall requir.e the party:accused of hiring the accused: -And provided further, to.enterinto bond, payable to.the Governor of That in the city of.New Orleans the. accused Louisiana, or his: successors in office., in.such may. be'committed to the work-house for a time sums. as said justice of the peace or other officer:not exceeding six months, there to be kept at shall prescribe, with security, to.be ap.proved by hard labor on the public works, roads, or levees. said officer, for his good. behavior and future The proceedsof.hire in the cases herein provided. in-dustry for.the period of. one. ye ar;.. and upon.for to. be paid into the parish treasury for the his failing or refusing to!give..such,bond and se-:beiefit of paupers: A:nd prodvded further, That culrity, the justice or other. officer shall issue his.. the p.ersons hiring. such vagrant shall be comwarrant to the sheriff or other officer, directing.pelled to furnish.such clo.thing, food, and: medihim to detain and to hire. out. such vagrant for cal attention as they-may furnish their other a. period not exceeding twelve..months, -ori to laborers... iPRESIDET JONSON'S INTERVIEWS AND SPEECHES. ~18865, April 15-Andrew Johnson -qualified as.reference to. this diabolical and' fiendish rebellion President, Chief Justice Ghase administeri-ng the sprung up.on the country, all I have to do is to oath o of fice.... ask you to also go back and take my course in Remaiks wat.an Inte~rview w th.,Cititensofdi- the past, and from that determine what my fuRema at.a.Inter Vim:.th.Ci sof ture wtill bet..tMine ohas d-been but one straight~' ^!"n a. a.;.... forward a und unswerving course, and I see no -865, April 21.-A.delegation was intirod-ued reason now why I should depart from it. by- Govern.or 0. P. Moirtohn ti whose- address As to making a declaration, or manifesto, or Presisdent Johnson responded,-staiting- that he did:message, or what you may please to call it, my liot.desire to make' any expression of his future past-is a.better foreshadowing of my. future policy more than.he had already made, land course than any statement on paper that might adding:...: ~.:be made. Who,. four years ago, looking down But in entering upon the.'discharge of. the ithestream of time,. could have' delineated that duties devolving up'on.meiby.the sad occurrence which hasitranspired since then? Had anyone of the assassination of.the Chief: Magistrate of done so,.and pesented it,. he would have been the nation, and as you;areiaWare,. in-surround-; looked upon as insane, or it would have been ig.circumstances which.are peculiarly: embar- thought a fable-fabulous:as the stories of the passing and responsible, I doubt whether. you Arabian Nights, as the wonders of the lamp of are aware how ~much I appreciate encourage- Aladdin, and would have been about as readily menlt and countenance from my fellow-citizefls believed. of Indiana.:The. most courageous individual, -If we knew.so little four years ago of what the, most determined will, might justly, shrink ihas passed since then, we: know as little what from entering upon. tnhedischarge of that which- even.ts will arise in the next four years; but as lies.before me;- but were'I acowardor t'imid, these events arise I shall, be controlled in the to receive the.countenance'-nd:encouragement d.isposition of them by those rules and principles I-:have from yonu, and from various other parts by which I have been guided heretofore. Had of the country, would make me a courageous;i-t.not been for extraordinary efforts, in.part and determined. ma;. I' Imean in the proper owing to the machinery of th State, you would sense of thei term, for there it as much in moral have had rebellio.n as rampant in Indiana as we courage and the firm, calm discharge of duty, as had it in Tennessee. Treason is noine the less in physical courage. But, in entering upon ithe treason.whether it be in a free State or ina slave duties imposeda ion; me by this calamity, Ie- State;but if there could be any difference in quire not only courage, but. -deter~mine.d Will,.such a crime, he who commits treason in a free and I assure you that on.this i..ccasion your:en-:tate is. a greater traitor than he who commits qCurage ment is peculiarly a.iQep.t.abhle toQ me..In it {.;in a stave. State. There might be some little reference to what my;administraltion.:,aill boe, excuse in a-man based on his possession of the while I. occupy my present..positio, I must peculiar'property, but the traitor in a free State refer yoi to the past..Y - may, look back to it has'no excuse, but simply to be a traitcr. as evidence of what my course.w.i be.t and, in Do not, however, understand me to mean by 4 Do nothoeo PRESIDENTIAL.INTERVI'EWS- ANID SPEECHES. this that any man should: be-exonerated from become' numerous and: powerful; for, in the' the- penalties and punishments of, the'crime-of- words of a former:Senator of the United States, treason. The time has arrived when the Ameri- ",When traitors become numerous enough, treacan people. should understand what crime is,.son becomes respetable." And -I say that, after' and that it should punished, and its penalties making.treason odious, every Union man and enforced and inflicted. We say: in our statutes the Government should be remunerated: out- of and courts that burglary.is a -crime, that murder the pockets of those who have inflicted this great. is a crime, that arson is a criQme,:iand that trea-d suffering upon the: country. But do not underson is.a crime; and the Constitution.:of United stand me as saying this in a'spirit of anger, for,' States, and the laws of the.: United -States, say if I understand my own heart, the'reverse isthe, tha;t treason shall consist in le:vying war against case;M and, while I -say that the penalties of the: them, and giving their enemies aid:and comfort.'- law,- in a stern. and inflexible manner, should be I:have just remarked that, burglary is a crime: executed:upon conscioius; intelligent, and: influ and has its penalties, that, murder is a: crime and ential'traito'rs-the leaders, who have deceived has. its penalties, and: so:on- throu.gh the loeng- thousands upon! thousands of laboring men who eatalogue -of crime..fr have been-:drawn into this rebellion and while To illustrate by'a sad event, which, is before I say, as:to ithe. leaders, punishment, I also "say: the minds of all, and: which has draped-this land' leniency, conciliation, and amnesty to the-th ouin mourning. Who _is there-, here who would sands whom they have'misled and deceived; and say..if the assassin who has stricken from our in reference to this, as I remarked, I'might have midst one.beloved and revered by.all, ad.passed adopted your ispeech:as my own. him from time to etrnity, to that bourne As my honorable friend- knows, I'long since whe.nce no traveler returns,: wh,. I repeat, who, took the ground that:this Government was sent here. would say that: the., assassin,.if talen., upon a great mission' among the -nations'of the should not' suffer the. penalties of his. crime? earth; ithiat it had a great work -to perform, and Then,, if you,ake the life.of one individual: for that in starting it was started' in perpetuity. the murder of another,:and b.elieve: that. his Look back for one single moment to the Articles proper'ty should be:confiscated, what.should, be of Confederation-,: and: then come down to.1787,, done with one.who is trying to, assasasiatethis when the Constitution as formed -what do you nation:? Wbhat s.hould.- bedone: with, him. or find?:. That we, "the'peopleofthe UnitedStates, themwho.have.attempted the life of a nation in'order to'form -a more: perfectgovernment,"&c. composed of:thirty millions.of people?. ~ Provisionis made for the admission ofnew States, We-. were living. at a time.when the public to b'e added t'o bld: onies'embraced within the mind:had almost become oblivious of: wat.trea- Union. Now'turn'to the Constitution: we find son is.. The time has.arrived, my countrymen, that amendments' may. be made, by a recomwhen the American.,peo.ple should be educated mendation of two:thirds of the members of Con-' and. tauglht whlat, is crime, and. that. treason is a gress,-if ratified' by three fourths of the States. crime.,.and,the highest-.crime known to.the:law Provisions is made' for the admission of new and. the:Constitution. Yes, treason ~against a States; no provisibonis made for the secession of State,, treason against all the States., treason old ones, aginst the Government of. the United States, is The instrumenwa;s made to be go6d in perthe.:highest crime that. can be committed, and petuity, and you cantake hold of it, not to break' tliosaee gag.edin init sholld suffer all.itsapenalties. up the'Government, but to go on perfecting it I now itis very'easy to get up sympathy more'and more as it runs down the stream of and., sentiment where human: blood is; about to time. be shed,,easy to acquire.a reputation.for. rleni-:We find the'GovernAment composed of integral ency and kindness,- but sometimes.its Cffects and parts. An individual is an integer, and a numpractical.operations produce misery ad woe to her of individua-lsfo.rm a'State; and a tate itthe mes of.mankind. Sometimes an/individual self is an intger,: and the various States form whom.the law has overtaken,, and on whom. its the Uni'on, which. is itself an integer-they. all penalties are.about to be imposed, will appeal making up the Government of the United Statesm and. pl:ead with the Executive for the. exercise of Now we come to-the point of' my argument, so clemenrcy. But before its exercise he ought to far as concerns the- perpetuity of -the Governasc.ertain what is mercy. and what is not mercy. ment. We have seen that the'Governmentr'iA It is: a very important question., and. one,which composed of parts, each: essential to the whole; deserves the consideration of those who moralize and the whole essential to each part.' Now, if upon crime and the morals of a nation, whether an individual (part,of -a State) declare'warin saome cases. action should..ot be. suspended against the whole, in' violation of the Constituhere. and -Itransferred to.Him who controls all. tion, he, as a citizen, has violated the law, and There,,if innocence has-been invaded, if wrong is responsible for the. act as an individual. has b.een done, the Controller and Giver of. all There may be. more, than one individual, it may good,, one of. whose attributes.is mercy, will set go on till -they.become parts of States. Someit, right.'' time the rebellion may go, on increasing in numIt is,not promulging anything that I have'not bers till the. State machinery is overturned, and heretofore said to.say that trai.toris.ms, tbe made the. country becomes like a man that is paralyzed odious, that. treason., must, he.-made odious, that on one side.: But we find in the Constitution tr..itors. must be punished.: and,impover.ished. a:great panacea[ provided. - It: provides that the...They:must not".only,. be; punished,ibut. their,UJnited States (that:,is the:.great integer)' shall social p.o.wer.' mus t: bes.tryed. f' not, they guarantee. -to each State (the; integers composing willst.illmaintainan as.endec,.a.:d may.again theiwbohl.e);in.: fthis' Union a republican form' of 46 -POLITICAL MANUAL. government. Yes, if rebellion had -been ram- Now, permit me to remark, that while I have pant, and set aside the machinery of a State for opposed dissolution and disintegration on the one a time, there stands the great law to remov-e the paralysis and revitalize it, and put.-it on its feet for all time. There is an element in our midst again.. When we come to utnderstand our sys- who are for perpetuating the institution of tem.of government, though it be complex, we slavery. Let me say to you, Tennesseeans and see how beautifully one part m.bves in harmony men from the Northern States, that slavery is with another; then we see,our. Government is dead. It was not murdered by me. I told you to be a perpetuity, there being no provision for long ago what the result would be if you enpulling it down, the Union -bebing.its vitalizing deavored to go out of the Union to'save slavery; power, imparting life to the whole of the States and that the result would be bloodshed, rapine, that move around it like planets round the sun, devastated fields,' plundered villages and cities, receiving thence.light and heat and motion. and, therefore, I urged you to remain in the Upon this idea of destroying States, my.posi- Union. In. tryihg to save slavery, you killed it tion. has, been heretofore well known, and I.see and lost your own freedom. Your slavery is no cause to change it now, and I am glad to dead,,but I did not murder it. As Macbeth said hear its. reiteration on the ]present.occasion. to Banquo's bloody ghost: Some are satisfied with the idea that States are "'Never shake thy gory locks at me; to be lost in territorial and other. divisions; are Thou canst not say I did it."' to lose their character as States. But ttheir life Slavery is dead, and you must pardon me if breathl has been only suspended, andit isa bigh I do not mourn over its dead body; you can constitutional obligation we have tc secure each bury it out of sight. In restoring the State of these States in the possession and enjoyment leave out that disturbing and dangerous element, of a republican forml f government. A State and use only those parts of the machinery may be in the, Governmentwith a peculiar insti- which will move in harmony. tution, and by the' operation of rebellion lose But incalling a convention to restore the th1at'feature; but it was a State when it went State, who shall restore' and re-establish it? into rebellion, and when it comes out without Shall the man who -gave his influence and his the institution it is still a state.... means to destroy the Government? Is he to I hold it as a solemn obligation in any on o rticipate ihe great worof reorganization? these States where the rebel armies have been Shall he who'brought this misery upon the beaten backl or expelled'-7-I care-not how:small th ubeaten back or expelledI care not howsman t State be permitted to control its destinies? If thenumber of nion men, if. enogthis be so, then all this precious blood of our ship of State, I hold it,. I say, a high duty to brave soldiers' and officers' so freely poured out protect and secure to them a republican form of willhave'beenwantonlyspilled. Alltheglorigovernment. This is no. new opinion.. It is ex-ous victories won by our noble armies will go pressed in conformity with myuniderstanding o for nought; and all the battle-fields which have'the genius and theory of our Government. Then been sown with dead heroes during the rebelin adjusting and putting the! Government upon lion will have been made memorable in vain. its legs again, I think the progress of this work Why all this carnage and devastation? It must pass into the hands.of.its foiends..If a State was that treason might beputdown and traitors is to be nursed until, it again gets strength, it punished. Therefore I say that traitors should must be nursed by its friends, not smothered by take a back seat in the work of restoration. If its enemies.'*.';'''..-there be but five thousand men in Tennessee *On this and other points, President Johnson declared loyal tothe Constitution, loal to freedom, loyal hiiiself in his Nashville speech of June 9,1864, from which to justice, these true' and faithful men should these extracts are.taken:.. control' the work of reorganization and reforma-:The: question is, whether:man is capable of tion absolutely. I say that the traitor has self-government? I hold with Jefferson that ceased to be a citizen, and in joining the rebelgovernment was made for. the convenience of lion has becbme a public enemy. He forfeited man, and not man for government.' The laws his right to vote with loyal men when he reand-constitutions were designed as instruments nounced his citizenship and sought to destroy to -promote his welfare. -And hence, from this our Government. We say to the most honest principle, I conclude that governments can and and industrious foreigner who comes from Engought to be changed and amended to conform land or Germany to dwell among us, and to add to.the'wants, to:the requirements and progress'to the wealth of the country, "Before you can of.the people, and -the enlightened spirit of the be a citizen you must stay here for five years." age. Now, if any of your se'cessionistsbhave lost If we are so cautious about foreigners, who volfaith'in men's capability for self-government, untarily renounce their homes to live with us, and feel'unfit for the exercise of this great right, what should we say to the traitor, who, although go straight to rebeldom. take,'Jeff. Davis, Beau- born and reared among us, has raised a parriciregard, and Bragg for: your masters, and put dal hand against the Government which always their collars on.your necks.;:,-'-:. protected him? My judgment is that heshould, A~nd let me say that now is the timne to secure be subjected t: a severe ordeal' before he is rethese fundamental- principles, while the land is stored to citizenship. A fellow who takes the rent withlanarchy anifd ph.aves:with the thrdes oath merely to save' his property, and denies the of. a. mighty.revolutio'n.:'While' society is in validity of the'oath, is a perjured man, and not this disordered state, and we are'seeking security, to be trusted.'Besfore these repenting rebels can let us.fix, the fo.undation- of.the Government on be trusted, let them bring forth the fruits ofreprinciples of'eternal justice whichwil endure pentance. H- e who helped: to make allthese PRESIDENTIAL INTERVIEWS'AND SPEECHES. 47 hand,.on the other I am equally opposed to con-'people. I am free to say to'you that my highest solidation, or the centralization of'povwer in the iambition was to please the people, for I believe hands of a few. Sir, all this has been extorted that when I pleased them, I was pretty nearly from me by the remarks you have offered, and right, and being in the right, I didn't care who as I have already remarked, I might have adpopted'assailed me.'But I was going to say I have alyour speech as my own. I have detained you:ways'advocated the principle, that government longer than I expected, but Governor Morton is'was made for man-not ma for goverment;even responsible for that.. as the good Book'says that the'Sabbath.was made I scarcely know how to express my feeling i for man- ot man; for the Sabbath. view of the kindness you have manifested So.-far as in me lies, those principles shall be on this occasion. Perhaps I ought not to add.arried.out;and, in conclusion, Itenderyoumy.what I ami about to say, but human nature is profound and sincere thanks for your.respect human nature. Indiana first named me for" the anid support in the performance of the,.arduous Vice Presidencyj thotugh it was unsolicited by duties now devolving upon me..' me. Indeed,.there is not a man can say that I ever approached him on the subject. My eyes To Virginia Refugees., were. turned to my own State. If I could restore April 2, 165 largeumberof Sthe her, the measure of my ambition was complete. refugees had an interview, -on. ohn C. UderI[thank the State of Indiana for the confidence a ares to hih h a'nd regard she manifested toward me, which has wdet mking an adres;le to wi the Presiresulted in what is now before me- placing me in t r resnltedin at is now before me, placing me in t Is hardly necessary for me on this occasion.the position I now occupy.. In.t position I now occrepeat that the v r of to say that my sympathies and impulses in conin conclusion, I will repeat that the vigor of PmyS: youth.has been spent in advocating those nection et withthis nefarious rebellion beat ihn unimy youthhas been spent in advocating tose sonwtyours. Thosewhohavepassedthrough great principles at the foundation of our Govern- swithyours. Tho se who have pased through ment,'and, therefore I have been by manyde this bitter ordeal, and who participated in it.tJo ment,. and, therefore, I have been by many te- a great extent, are more competent, as I think, nounced as a demagogue, I striving to please the dgeand'n.- to judge and deterain6 the true policy which.-~. ~..:. should be pursued. [Applause.] widows; and orphans, who draped the streets of I have but little to say. on this question in reNashville in mourning,should suffer for his great sponse to what has been said. It enunciates and crime. The work is in our own.hands. We can expresses my own feelings to the fullest'extent, destroy this rebellion.": With Grant thundering and in much better language than I can at the on the Potomac before Richmond, and Sherman present moment summon to my aid. and -Thomas on their march toward Atlanta, the,The most that. can say is, that entering upon day will ere long be ours.- Will any madly per- the duties that have devolved upon me under sist in; rebellion? Suppose that an equal num- circumstances that are perilous and responsible, -ber-be slain in every battle, it is plain that the and being thrown into the position I now occupy result must be the utter extermination of the unexpectedly,in consequence of the sad eventrebels. Ah! these rebel leaders have a strong theheinousassassinationwhichhas'taken piacepersonal reason- for holding out to save their in view of all that is before me, and the circumnecks from the halter; -and these leaders, must stances that surround me, I cannot but feel that feel the power of -the Governmen-t! -Treason your encouragement and kindness are peculiarly must be made odious, and traitors.must be:pun- acceptable and appropriate. ished and' impoverished.-; Their great pla.nta- I do not think you have been familiar with tions must be seized, and divided into small my course, if youwho are from the South deem it farms, and sold to honest, industrious men. The necessary for me to make- any professions as to day for protecting the lands and negroes of these the future. on this occasion, or to express what authors of the rebellion is past. It is high time my course will be upon questions that may arise. it-was. I have been most-deeplypained atsom.e If my. past life is, no indication of what my things which have come under my observation..future will be, my professions were both worth-'We get men in; command who; under the influ- less: and empty; and in returning you my sinencq of flattery, fawning, and caressing, grant cere thanks for this encouragement and. sympaprot'ectionto the rich traitor, while thei'poor thy, I can only reiterate what I have saidbefore, Union man:stands:out in the cold, often unable and, in part, whathas just leen read. to get a' receipt or'a voucher for his. losses..As.far as clemency and mercy are concerned, [Cries of " That's so!":from all parts of the and. the proper exercise of the pardoning power, crowd.].The traitor can get lucrative contracts, I think I understand the nature and character while the loyal man -is pushed aside,- unable to of the latter.: In the exercise of clemency and obtain a recognition of his just stripes and shoul-, mercy, that pardoning power should be exerder-straps. I want them all tohearwhattI say. cised with caution. I do not give utterance to I have'been on a gridiron for two. years:at the my opinions on this point in any spirit of re-sight of these abuses. I.blame not the Govern- venge or unkind feelings.' Mercy'and clemency rent for these things, which are [the work.of have been.pretty large ingredients in my comweak or faithless'subordinates. Wrongs will be; pound. Having been the executive of a State, committed under every form of government and and thereby placed in a position in which it was every'administration. For: myself,. I mean. to. necessary to exercise clemency and mercy, I have 1'stnd.by the Government: till the flag of.the: been -charged with going too far, being too leniUfnion shall wave over eery:city, town, hill-' ent; and, I have become' satisfied that mercy top, and cross-roads, in its full power and ma-i'without justice is a crime, and that when mercy jesty. and clemency are exercised by the executive it 48 POLITICAL MANUAL.'should always be done, in view of justice,, and in, and comfort. With this definition it requires the that manner alone is propaerly. exercised th'at exercise. of:no great acumen to ascertain who.great, prerogative...::... are traitors. It requires no.great perce.ptoi o The timei has, come,. as yon1. who. hav,.had to.tell us who have levied war against the'United drink this bitter cup, are fully.ware When.the iState,.nordo es it reqire any great stretch of American people should be- made. to understand reasoning to ascertain who has given aid to th::the-true nature of crime. Of,crime generally, enemies of the United States.- And when the our. people have. ahigh understanding,as well as Government of the United States does ascertain of the necessity, for. its'punishment;.but in the who are-the conscious and intelligent traitors, catalogue of crimes there is.oue-and.that: the. the penalty and the forfeit should be paid. highest knhown to the law andd the. Constitution — I know how to, appreciate the condi'tion of ofWhich,;since the;days, of fJefferson and Aaron', being driven from one's' home. I clan sympa-Burir they have become oblivious; that.isT EA- thize with him whose all has been taken'from SON. Indeed, one. who has become distinguished.him; with him who has been' denied the place in treason andin this-rebellion said, that "when that gave his children birth; but let us, withal, traitors become numerous enough, treason be- in the restoration of:true government, proceed comes, reSpectable,;" and to become a traitor was temperately' and dispassionately, and hope and to:;cnistitute a: portion of the aristocracy of the pray that the time will come, as I believe, when country. we all can return and remain'at our homes, and':God protect the people against such an aris- treason and traitors be driven from our land:; Ilocracy.'.[applause;] when again law and order"'shall Yes, the tim'eohas com'e when the people should reign, and the banner of our country' be unbe:.,aught to understand the length.' aind breath, furled over! every in'ch of territory within the the d epth and height of treason. An individual area of the United States. occupying the highest position among us was: -In conclusion, letme thank you most prolifted to that position by th-e'fr6e offering of the foundly for this encouragement and manifesta-J Aimi^erican'people-'t he h-ighest position o'n the tion of your regard and respect, and assure you habiltable globe.:' This man.we have seen, revered, that I can give no greater assurance regarding ana loved; one who, if he erred at all, erred ever the settlement of this question than that 1 intend on the side of clemency and mercy; that man we to discharge my duty, and in- that way which have:seen treasn strike'through a fitting instru- shall in the earliet. possible hour bring back ment; and we have beheld him fall like a bright peace to our distracted country, and hope the star' falling from its sphere.' time is not far distant when our people can all..ow, theie is none but'would sayif the ques- return to their homes and firesides, and resume tion. came up, what should be done with the in-; their various avocations. dividual who'assassinated thee chief magistrate ~ ~ -f Aination — he:is but ai'man, one man after'al; Interview with George L. Stearns. but; if'asked what should lJed doe.'iith'the assas- WASHINaTO, ID.C., Oct. 3, 1865, 11, A. M. sin,"what should be the'p'enalty, tlthe'forfeit ex- I have just returned from an interview with acted, iIl know I what response.'dwells ii every President Johnson, in which he talked for an bls'om.. It is, that he should pay the'forfeit with hour on the, process of reconstruction of rebel his life. Andh dhnce we see that1these are titiesi States. -His manner was as cordial, and his when mercy and clemency without jiistice bebme conversation as'free as in 1863, when I met him.:crime.-:The one should temSerthe other and daily in Nashville.1 hbrig aboutithe.proper mean.. And if' we would His countenance is healthier, even more so say' this.when the case was: th' simple murder of than when I first knew him. one man by his fellow' man;, what should we say I remarked that'the people of the North hen asked' What' shall be done "with him, or were anxious that the process of reconstruction them, r those whohb've'raisedimpious hatnds to should be thorough, and.they wished to support taleawaythe. life of a nationco osed ofthirty him in the arduous work; but their ideas:were millonsofpeop'le What wold'be the reply to confused by the conflicting reports constantly.th~at.'question? B But while in m'ercy we rmemem:' circulated, and especially by the present position ber justice, in thielanguage that ha's been utter3d, of the Democratic' party. It is industriously I say jutice towad the l:eaders, thlie c'nscious circulated in the Democratic clubs that he was loaders; but I also' say' amnesty,, conciliation, going over to them. He laughingly replied, clemency,, and -mercyto':the thousands of our " Major, have you never known'a man who for.countrymen;who you:and.' I "know havk e a beeni many years had differed -from your views bedeceived or driven ihnto this infernail rebeliion. cause you were in advance of him, claim them An'dso I return to where I started from, and) as his' own when he came up to your stand-.agasi'nrepeat, that:'it' is tiine'our people.were point?" taught to know' that treason is' acrime —not a I replied, "I'have, often.' He said, "So mere political difference, not a mere' contest'be-' have I," and went on.:-" The'Democratic party tweentiwox parties,: in which one succeeded-, and' finds its old position untenable, and is coming the other has simply failed They must'know it -to Ours; if it has:'come up to our position, I.am is.treason, for if they'had succee'dede the life ofi glad of it. You and I need:no preparation for.the "'nation would have'beenf.'reft.fro'/:it,:the this. conversation; we can — talk freely on this Uniohnlwould hLave been destroyed'''''subject, for the thoughts are familiar to'us; we -' Surely: the Constitution:' sufficie ntly definesi can be perfectly' frank: with.each other." He.treason. It consists iis'levyinrg'ar against the' then commenced with saying that the States,are United States,, and in giiing: their enemies' aid in the Union,; which is whole and indivisible. PRESIDENTIAL INTERVIEWS AND SPEECHES. 49 Individuals'tried to carry them out,' but did haps a property qualification for others, say 200 not succeed, as a man may try to cut:his throat' or' $250.. and:be prevented by the bystanders;: and you It would not-do to let the negro have univercannot say he cut his throat because he: tried to.sal suffrage now; it would breed a war of races. do it..'.,'.,..: There was a time in the Southern States when Individuals'may commit treason and be'pun- the slaves of large owners looked down upon ished, and a large number of' individuals may non-slaveowners because they did not own slaves; constitute a: rebellion, and'be'.pu'nished'as; trai- the larger the number of slaves the masters tors;. "Some States tried to get out of the'Union,.owned'the prouder they were, and this has proand we opposed it honestly, because we' believed duced hostility between the'mass of'the whites it' to be wrong;;and we have- succeeded in put- and the negroes.'Tlie outrages are mostly from ting down.the rebellion. -The power'of tho'se non-slaveholding whites against the negro, and persons who made the attempt has been crushed, from -the negro upon the non-slaveholding and now we-want to reconstruct the'Stategov-' whites. ernments, and have the power to do it. The The'negro will vote with the late master, whom State institutions' are prostrated, laid out on the he:does not hate, rather than with the nonground', and they must be taken up: and adapted slaveholding white, whom he does hate. Unito the progress of events; this cannot be- done versal' suffrage would create another war, not in a moment. We are making very rapid:prog- gainst us, but a war of races. ress-so'rapid I sometimes cannotrealize it. It Another thing: This Government is the freest appears like a dream.:: and best on earth, and I feel sure is destined to We' must not be in too much obf a hurry; it last; but to secure this we must elevate and puis better to let them reconstruct themselves than rify the ballot. I for many years contended at to force them to it; for if they go wrong the the:,South that slavery was a political weakness; power is in our hands, and we- can' check them but others said it'was political strength'; they in -any stage, to the end,' and oblige them to thought we gained three-fifths representation by correct their errors; we must be patient with it; I contended that we lost two-fifths. them. I did not expect to keep out all who.If we hadno slaves we should have had twelve were excluded from the amnesty, or even: a Representatives more, according to tle then ralarge.number of them; -but I intended they tio of representation. Cong'lss apportions repshould sue for pardon, and' so realize the enor- resentation'by States, not, districts, and the State mity-of the crime they had committed. apportions by districts. You'could not have, broached the subject' of Many years ago I moved in the Legislature equal suffrage at the North seven' years ago, that'the apportionment of Representatives to and we must remember that the changes of the Congress in Tennessee should be by qualified South have been more rapid, and' they have voters. been obliged-to accept more unpalatable truth The apportionment is now fixed until 1872; than the North has; we mustgive them time to before that a.me we^might change the basis of digesta' part, for:we cannot expect' such large representation from: population to qualified afairs will be comprehended and digested at, voters, North as well as South, and, in due course once..We. mst give them time to'understand' of time, the States, without regard to color, their.hnew -osition. might extend the elective franchise to all who I have n'othing to conceal in these matters, and possessed' certain mental, moral, or such other have no desire or willingness totake indirect qualifications as might be determined by an encourses to obtali: what we want. lightened public judgment. Our;Governmentis a grand and lofty struc- BOSTON, October 18, 1865. ture; in searching for its-foundation we find it The above report was returned to me by rests on the broad basis of popular rights..The President Johnson with the following endorseelective franchise is not a natural right, but a ment..' GEORGE L. STEARNS. political.right. I' am- opposed to giving the I have read the within communication and States too much lpower, and also to a great con- find it substantially cdrre9t. solidation of power in: the central government' I have made some verbal alterations. If I interfered with the vote in the rebel'A. J. States, to dicGtate that no- negro shall vote,:'I might do the same for.my.: own purposes in Address to the. Colored Soldiers. Pennsylvainia. Our only safety lies in allowing October 10, 1865-The first colored regiment each State to control the right of, voting by its of District of Columbia troops, recently returned own laws: and we have thei.power to control the from the South, marched to the Executive Manrebel States if they go:wrong:If'they rebelwe sion, and'were addressed by the President, as' have thea-rmy,,.and can conitrol them by it, and,'follows: - if necessaryby legisla.tion also..If the General. MY'; FRIENDS: My object'in presenting myGovernment co'ntrols:'tle right to vote in the'self before' you on this occasion is simply to States, it: may`establish such rulesas' will -re'- thankyou, members of one of the colored registrict the:otei oa small-.nu:mber of persons,-andl ments'hich have'been' in the service of the thus create a central despotism...' country to sustain and carry its banner and its My' position, here- is different Sfrom.- hat it laws triumphantly in every part of this broad wotld,' if I was' in'ennessee...'.'..- land.-:: I appear before you on the present oc-.Ther'e. should-try to introduce negro suffrage casion merely to'tender you mythanks; for the. gr;adually; first' those' who- i had'..served in-the compliment you have paid'me on' your return.,' army; th1osevwho ould read and write'-iand. per — home, tio'again be associated with your friend-. 4 50 POLITICAL MANUAL. and your relations,.and those you hold most mighty rebellion, after the most gigantic'battles sacred and dear. I have but little tq say. It the world ever saw... being unusual in this Government and in most The problem is before you, and it is best that of. the other governments-to have colored troops you should understand it, and I therefore speak engaged in their cause, you. have gone forth as simply and plainly. Will you now,'when.you events have shown, and served with patience have retired from the army of the United States and endurance in the cause of your- country. and taken the position of the citizen-when you This is.your country as well as anybody else's have.returned to-the avocations of peace-will country. Thiis is.the country in which you ex- you give evidence to.the world that you are pect to live, and inwhich you should expect to capable and competent to govern yourselves? do something by your. example in civil life, as This is what you will have to do... you have done in the field. This country is Liberty is not a mere idea,, a mere vagary; founded upon the principle of equality; and at when you come to examine this question of libthe same time the standard by which persons erty you should not. be mistaken in a mere idea are tobe estimated is according to their merit forthe reality. It does not consist in idleness. and their worth. And you observe, no doubt, Liberty does not consist in being worthless. that for him who does his duty faithfully and Liberty does not consist in doing in.all things honestlr, there is always a just:public judgment as we please; and there can be no liberty, withthat will appreciate and measure. out to him his outlaw.' In a government of freedom and libproper reward.'. erty there must be law, an:d there must be obeI know that there is much-well calculated in dience and submission to the law, without regard. this Government, and since the. late;rebellion to color. Liberty-and may I not call you my commenced, to excite the white. against':the countrymen?. liberty consists in the glorious black, and'the' black against:the white m'an. privilegesof freedom-consists in the glorious These are.things that'you.should;all understand, privileges of worth-of pursuing the ordinary and at the same timne: prepare' yourselves for avocations of peace with energy, with industry, what is before you.. Upon the return of peace and with economy; and that being done, all and the surrender of the enemies of the country, those who'have been industrious and economical it should be the duty of every patriot and every are permitted to appropriate and enjoy the proone who calls himself a Christian to remember. ducts of their own labor. This is one of the that with a termination of the war.his resent- great blessings of freedom; and hence we might ments should cease —that angry feelings should ask'the question andl answer it by stating that subside,'and that every man should become calm liberty means freedom to work and enjoy the and tranquil, and be prepared for. what islbefore products of your own. labor. him....You will soon be mustered out of the ranks. This is another part of your mission. You It is for you to establish the great fact that you have been engaged in the effort to sustain your are fit and qualified to be free. Hence, freedom country in the past, but the future is more im- is not a mere idea, but it is something that exportant to you than the period in which you ists in fact. Fr-eedom is not simply the principle have just been engaged. One great question to live in idleness.'Liberty does not mean simply has been settled. in this'-,Government, and that is to resort to the low saloons and other places of the question of slavery. The institution of disreputable character; Freedom and liberty do slavery made war upoti the United'States, and not mean thatithe people ought to live in licenthe United States has lifted its'strong arms in tiousness, but liberty means simply to be indusvindication of the Government and of free gov- trious and to be virtuous, to be Upright in all ernment, and in lifting the arm and appealing our dealings and relations with men; and to to the God of'battles,it was decided that the those now before.me, members.of the last regiinstitution of slavery must go down. This has ment of colored volunteers from the District of been done, and theGodd.ess'of Liberty, in bear- Columbia, and' the capital of the United States, ing witness over many of our battle-fields since I have to say, that a great. deal depends upon the struggle commenced, has made her -loftiest, yourselves; you must give evidence that you are flight and proclaimed that true liberty has been competent. for the rights that the government established upon a more permanent and endur- has-guaranteed- to you. ing basis than heretofore. But this is.not all; Hence, each and all of you must be measured and as y'ou havepaid me the compliment to call according to his merit. If one man is more upon ime, I shall take the privilege of saying meritorious than the other, they cannot,:be one or two words as I ambefore youl..:..equals, and he is the most exalted that is the Now, when the sword'is returned to its scab-: most meritorious, Without regard to color; and bard, when your arms are reversed, and < when: the idea of having a law passed in the morning the olive-!bran,ch of peace is extended, resent-. that. will make a white man black before night ment and' revenge should subside. Then. what and; a black man a white man before day is abis to follow?' You do understand, no doubt-, surd.. That is not the standard; it is your own and if you do not'you cannot:. understand' too conduct it is' your own merit; it is the develsoon-that simple liberty does.not. mean'the opment of your own talents and of your intelprivilege of going into the.battle-field, or into lectual and moral.qualities.' the service of the country as. a soldier. It means Let this, then,.be-youir course; adopt systems other things as well; and: now when. you have of morality; abstain from all licentiousness; laid down your arms t:t ote are other objects of and let me say one thing; here,'for I am going equal importance before you-tnow, that the Gvo.v-.to talk' plainly. I, have lived in a Southern ernment has, triumphantly passed through this, State all my life, and know what has too often PRESIDENTIAL INTERVIEWS AND SPEECHES. 51 "heen'tho case. There is one thing you should importance of controlling your passions,'developesteern higher and' more supreme than almost ail- ing your intellect, and of applying your physical bthers, and that is the, solemn contract with. all powers to:theindustrial'interests'of the country; the penalties in the association of married life. and that is the true process by which this quesMen and women should abstain from those'qual- tion eahn be settled. Be patient, persevering, ities and habits that too frequently follow a war. and forbearing, and you will help to solve this Inculcate among your children and among your problem..Make for yourselves a reputation in. associates, "notwithstanding you are just back this cause, as you have won for yourselves a from the army of the United States, that virtue, reputation in the cau'se in which you have been that merit,'that intelligence are the standards to engaged. In speaking to the members of this be observed, and those which'you are deter- regiment, I want:them to understand that, so mined to maintain during your future lives. He far as I am concerned, I do not assume or prethat is meritorious and virtuous, intellectual and tend that I am stronger than the laws or course, well informed, must stand highest, without re- of nature, or that I am wiser than Providence gard to color.' It is the very basis upon which itself. It is our duty to try and discover what heaven itself rests-each individual takes his these great laws agr which are the foundation of degree in the sublimer and more exalted regions all things, and, having discovered what they in proportion to his merits and his virtue. are, conform our action, and conduct to them. and Then I shall say to you, on, this -occasion, in to'the will of God, who ruleth all things. He returning to your homes and firesides, after feel- -holds' the destinies of nations in the palm of ing conscious and proud of.having faitlfully his hand, and He willsolve the questions and done yourduty, returnwith the determination rescue these people from the difficulties that that you will perform your duty in the future have so long, surrounded them. Then let us be as you have performed it in the past. Abstain patient,, industrious, and persevering. Let us from all those bickerings and jealousies and re- develop our intellectual and moral worth. vengeful feelings which too often spring up be- I trust what I have said may be understood tween different races.' and appreciated. Go, to your homes and lead There is a great problemn before us, and I may peaceful, prosperous, and happy lives, in peace as well allude to it here in this connection, and with all men. Give utterance to no word that that is, whether this race can be incorporated would, cause dissensions,'but do that which will and mixed with tre people'of'the United States.be creditable to yourselves and to your country. -to be made a harmonious and permanent'ingre- To the officers who have led.and so nobly comdient in the population. This is a problem not manded you in the field I also return my thanks, yet settled, but we are in the right line to do so. for the compliment you and they have conferred Slavery raised its head against the Government, upon me. and the Government raised its strong arm and. -' ~ struck it to the ground; hence, that part of the Interview with Senator Dixon, of Connectic'ut. problem is settled. The institution of slavery:January 28, 1866-The following is the subis overthrown. But another part remains to be stance of the conversation, as telegraphed that solved, and that is, can four millions, of' people, night over the country: reared as they have been, with'all. their preju- The President said he doubted the propriety dices of the whites-can they take' their places at this time of making further amendments to in the community; andbe made to work harmoni- the Constitution. One great amendment had ously' an; congruously>in our system? This is already been made., by which slavery had fora problem to be considered. Aie the digestive ever been abolished within the limits of the powers of the American Government. sufficient- United States, and a national guarantee thus to receive this element in a new shape, and digest given that the institution should never exist in it and make it work healthfully upon the system the land. Propositions to amend the Constituthat has incorporated it? tion were becoming as numerous as preambles ~This is the question to be determined. Let and resolutions at town meetings'called to conus make the experiment, and make it in good sider the most ordinary questions connected with faith.. If that.cannot be done,' there is another the administration of local affairs: All this, in problem that is before us. If we have to be- his opinion, had a tendency to diminish the digcome a separatp and distinct people (although I nity and prestige attached'to the Constitution trust that 0th. system can be made to work bf the country, and to -lessen the respect and harmoniously, and that the'great problem'will confidence of the people in their great charter be'settled without' going any further),if it of freedom. If, however, amendments a.re to should be so,that the two races cannot agree and be'made:to the Constitution, changing the basis live' in peace and prosperity, and the'laws of, of representation and taxation, (and he did not Providence require: that they, should. be'sepa- deem them at all necessary at the present time,) rated-in that event, looking, to the far distant he knew of none better than a simple proposifuture, and trusting in. God that it may never tion, embraced'i'i a few lines, making in each come-if it should come, Providence, that works State the number'of qualified voters the basis myst'eriously, but unerringly and certainly, will ofrepresentation, and the value of property the point out the way, and the mode, and' the'man- basis of, direct taxation. Such a proposition ner by which these'people are to be separated, could be embraced in the following terms: and' they are to be taken to' their land of inherit-: "Representdatives shall, be apportioned among ance and promise, for such a one is before them. -the several States which may be included within Hence we are making the' experiment. this Wnion according to the number of qualified Hence,, let me again' i'mpress:upon you the' voters in each State. 52 POLITICAL MANUAL. "Direct taxes shall be apportioned among the you in the, name of the.colored people of the several States which may be included within United States.'.e are. delegated to come by this Union according'to the value of aji taxable some. who have Unjiustly worn iron manacles on property in each State." their bodies:by some whose minds have been An amendment ofthis kid.wou in his;manacled by.class legislation in States called opinion, place the basis'of representation and free. The colored.people:of the States of Illie direct taxation upon correct principles The nois,.Wisconsin,, Alabaama, Mississippi, Florida; ciualified voters- were, for'th'e'most part;,'men South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, MaryI who wvere subject to draft and enlistment when land, Pennsylvania,;.New York;.New England it was necessary to repel invasion, suppress re- States, and District'of Columbia'have.specially bellion, and quell domestic violence and insur- delegated us.to come. rection. They rikjtheir lives, sh.ed their blood Our coming is a marked circumstance, noting and peril their all to uphlold the Government,.determined hope that we are, not satisfied with and give protection, security, and value to an.amendment prohibiting slavery, but that we property.'-It- seemed'but'just -that property:. wish it.,enforced -with appropriate legislation. should compensate for the benefits thus conferred, This is our desire. We ask for it intelligently, by defraying the expenses:incdent to its pro- with the knowledge and conviction that the tection and enjoyment. fathers of the Revolution intended freedom for'Such an amendment, the:President also sug- every American'; that they should be protected gested, would remove from Congress all issues in'their rights:as.citizens, and be equal before the in' reference to the political equali'ty of the races. law.'..We are Americans, native born Americans. It would leave the States to'determine absolute- We are citizens; we are glad to have.it known ly the qualifications of their own voters with.to the world that you bear no doubtful reregard to color; and thus the numkber of Repre- cord. on this point. On'this. fact, and with con-, sentatives to which they would'be entitled in fidence in the triumph of justice, we bas6 our Congress would depend upon the number upon hope.: We see no recognition of color or race whom they conferred th'e right of suffrage, in the'organic law of the land. It, knows, no The President, in' this connection, expressed privileged class, and therefore we cherish the the"'opinion that the agitation of the:negro hope that we may be fully enfranchised, not franchise question in the District of Columbia only here in this District; but throughout the at this time was the mere entering-wedge to the land. We respectfully', submit that rendering agitation of the question throughout the States, anything less than this will be rendering to us and was ill-timed, uncalled-for, and ca.lculated less than our just due; that granting anything to' do great ha'rm.'He believed that-it would less than our full rights will be a disregard of engender enmity, contention, ad strife between our just rights, and of due respect for our feelings. the two races, and lead to a war between them, If the. powers that be do so it will be used'as a which would result in'great injury to both, and license, as it were, or an apology, for any conk the certain extermnination of the negro popula- munity, or for individuals thus disposed, to tion. Precedence, he thought,-sh,ould be. given outrage our rights and feelings. It has been to: more imiportait and urgent'matters,' legisla- shown in the present war that the Government tion upon which'was essential to the restoration may justly reach its strong arm into States, and of the Union, the peace of the country, and the demand from them, from those who owe it alleprosperity of the people. giance, theirassistance and support. May it not reach out a like arm, to secure and protect its Interview with a Colored Delegation respecting subjects upon who it has a claim? Sniffrage. ADDRESS OF FRED. DOUGLASS. February 7, 1866;-The: delegation of. colored representatives -from different States of. the Following, upon Mr.. Downing,' Mr. Fred. country, now in Washington, to.urge the inter- Douglass advanced and.addressed the President, ests of the colored people before the Govern- saying: ment, bad an intervie~w~ writh the,-'PrieMr. President, we are not here to enlighten The President shookl.hands kindly with each you sir, as, to your duties.as the Chief Magismember of'the'delegation. trate of this Republic, but to show our respect, and to present in brief the clainms of our race to,'ADDESS:OF'GEORGE T. DOWNING. your favorable consideration. In the order of'Mr. GEORGE T. Dow'i aG then addressed the Divine Providence you are placed in- a position President as follows: where you have thepower to save or destroy us,'We present ou'rselVes ti.your Excellency, to tobless. or blast us-I mean our,whole race. make. known with.pleasure the respect which ~Your noble and humane. predecessor. placed in we are glad to cheris' for youa —-a respect which our. hands the sword to assist in saving the:nais'your due, as our Chieff' Magistrate. It it'i our tion, and.we do hope that you, his able succesdesire for you to know that' we.:compe. feeling sor, will favorably regard- the placing in our that'we are friend's /me'eting, a friend. We hands the ballot.. with which to save ourselves..should, however,'have maniafestedour friend- Weshallsubmitno argument on that point. ship by not coming'to frther' tax your already' The fact'thiatwe arethe subjects of Government, muchli. burdened j a'd vauabhle' time;: but'.we. and subject to. taxation, subject to volunteer in have'nother object'in' calling.Weare in a the,:service 0f.the' country,' subject to being passage to'': equality beforet te'twe. la God hatih drafted,'subject to bear the burdens of the State, add' it by openin'g'a'd'ea.- We. wouldhave:mrakes it not improper that-.we should ask to youhr assistarnce'thr6ugi'tgFte:same.. We como to share in the privileges of this condition. PRESIDENTIAL INTERVIEWS AND SPEECHES. 53 I have no speechi to make on this occasion. of his life and the shedding of his blood. I I simply submit these observations as a limited think I know what I say. I feel what I say; expressionof the views and feelings'of the dele-: and I feel'well assured that if the policy urged gation with which I have come. by some be. persisted in, it will result in great,..., ipnury to the white as well as to the colored man. RESPONSE OF THE PRESIDENIT.,.There is a great'deal of talk about the sword in In reply to some of your inquiries,. not to one hand;accomplishing an end, and the ballot make a speech about this. thing, for it is always' accomplishing:another at the ballot-box. best.to talk plainly and distinctly about;such' These things all. do very well, and sometimes matters, I will say that if I.have notgivlen evi-: have forcible application. We talk: about jusdence in my.,,course. that. I am a friend of, ho.- tice; we talk about right; we say, that the white -nanity, and to that portion of it.which consti- iman has been in.the wrong in keeping the black tutes the colored- population,:I. can give no; man in slavery as' long as'he has. That is all evidence here. Everything that I have.had, true. Again, we talk, about the. Declaration of both as regards life and property, has been per- Independence and equality before the law. You illed in that cause, and I'feel and think that I understand all that, andknow how to appreciate understand-not to be egotistic-what should it. But, now, let us look each other in the face; be th'e.true direction of this question, and what let us go to the great mass of colored men course of policy would result in the melioration throughout the slave States;'let us take the.and ultimate elevation, not only of the colored, condition in which they are at the present time-'but of.the great mass. of.the people of the United and it is bad enough, we all know-and suppose,,States. I say that if I.have not.give.n evidence by some magic touch you could say to every thatt: I am a friend of, humanity, and especially one, "you shall vote to-morrow;" how much the friend of the colored man, in.my past con- would that ameliorate their' condition at this duct, there is nothing that I can now do that time? would. I repeat, all that I possessed, life, lib-.Now, let us get closer up to this subject, and erty, and property, have been put up in: con- talk about it. -[The President here approached nection with that question, when I had.every very near to Mr. Douglass.] What relation has inducement held out.to take.the other course, the colored man and the white man heretofore by adopting which: I. would'have accomplished occupied in the South?.I opposed slavery upon perhaps; all that' the most ambitious might have two grounds. First, it was' a great monopoly, desired. If I know myself, and the feelings of enabling those who: controlled and owned it to my.own heart, they have been for the colored constitute an aristocracy, enabling the few to maln.' I have owned:slaves and bought slaves, derive great profits and rule the many' with an but I never sold one. I might say,.however, iron rod, as it were.- And this is one great obthat practically, so far as my connection with jection to it in a government, it being a monoslaves has gone, I have been their slave instead poly. I- was opposed to it secondly upon the of their being mine. Some: hae. even followed abstract principle of slavery. Hence, in getting me here, while others are occupying.and enjoy- clear of a monopoly,' we are getting clear of ing my property with my: consent. For the slavery atthe same time. Soyou see therewere colored race my means, my.time, my all has two right ends accomplished in the accomplish*been.perilled;.andnow at: this late ay, after ment of the one. giving evidence that is. tangible, that is practi- Mr. DOUGLASS. Mr. President, do you wishcal, I am free to say to you that I do not like The PRESIDENT. I am not quite through yet. to be arraigned by some. who can get up hand- Slavery has been abolished, A great national somely-rounded periods and deal in rhetoric, guarantee has been given, one that cannot be and talk about abstract ideas of liberty, who revoked. I was getting at the relation that subnever perilled life, liberty, or property.,This sisted between the white man and the. colored kind of theoretical, hollow, unpractical friend- men. A very small proportion. of white pership amounts to. but very little.: While I-say sons compared with the whole number of such that I am a friend of the colored man, I do not owned thecolored peopleof the South.. Imight want,to adopt a. policy that I believe will end instance. the State of Tennessee in illustration. in a contest betweIen the races, which if persisted There were there twenty-seven non-slaveholders in will'result in the extermination of one or the to one slaveholder, and yet the slave power conother. God forbid that I should be engaged in trolled the State. Let, us talk about this matter such a work!.. as-itis. Although thecolored man was in slavery Now, it is ~alwaysbest to talk about.things there, and owned as property in the sense and in practically and in a common sense way. Yes, the language of that locality and of that comI have said, and I repeat:here, that if the colored munity, yet, incomparing his condition. and his man in the United States couid find, no other position there with.the non-slaveholder, he usuMoses, or any Moses'- that'would be more.able ally estimated his importance just in proportion and efficientthan' myself, I would.be his Moses to the number of slaves that his master owned to lead him from bondage to ofreedom; that I with the non-slaveholder.. would;pass him frpom a. land where he had lived Have..you ever lived upon a plantation? in slaver.y to, a.land (if it. Were in.our reach) of: Mr. DoUGLASS. I have, your: excellency. freedom.. Yes, I would be willing to pass with.-The PRESIDENT.. When you would look over him. through the Red.sea to the. Lan.4 of Promise. and see' a-ma n who: had a large' family, strugto: the land' of liberty;: but I. am.r noti willing, glig hard upon a oor piece of land, you.thought under either circumstance, to, adopt'a policya.great deal lessi ofv him than you did of your w.ich:I.believe will only' r'esn.i.-in the.bacrifice own master's negro, didn't you? 54 POLITICAL 17MANUAL. Mr. DOUGLASS. Not I! You hav'e spoken abont government. Where The PRESIDENT. Well, I know such was the is power derived from? We say it is derived case with'a large -number'of:you in those sec- from the,people. Let us take it so, and refer to tions. Where such is.the case we know there is the District of Columbia by way of illustration. an enmity, we know there is a hate. The poor Suppose, for instance, here, in this political comwhite man, on the other hand; was opposed to munity, which, to'a certain extent, must have the slave and his master; for the colored man government, must have laws, and putting it now and his master combined" kept him in slavery, -upon the broadest' basis you can put it —take by depriving him of a fair participation in the into consideration the relation which the white laborand productions of the rich land of the' has:heretofore borne to the colored race-is it country.' proper to force upon'this community, without: Don't you know that a colored man,:in going their consent;, the elective franchise, without to hunt a mnaster (as they call it) for? the next regard to color, making it universal?' year, preferred hiring to a man who own'ed slaves:'N6w, where do you begin? Government must rather than to a man who -id not?. I know the have a. controlling power-must have a lodgfact, atall events. They didnot consider it quite ment. For instance, suppose Congress should as respectable to hire to a man who did notown pass a law. authorizing an election to be held at negroes as to one who did. which all over twenty-one years of age, without Mr.'DourGLAss. Because he wouldn't be treated regardto color, should'be allowed to vote, and as well.'' a majority should decide at such election that''The'PRESIDENT. Then that is another argu- the elective franchise should not be universal; ment in favor of what I am' going to say. It what would you do. about it? Who'would setshows thatthe colored.man appreciated the slave tie it? Do you deny that first' great principle of owner more highly than he did the man who the right of the people to govern themselves? didn't' own slaves.'IHence the enmity between Will you resort to an arbitrary power, and say the colored man and the non-slaveholders.. The a majority of the people shall receive a'state of white-.man was permitted to vote before -gov- things they are opposed to'? ernenit was derived& from him.I He is a part Mr. DouGLAs S..That' was said before the war. and parcel of the'political machinery.' The PRESIDENT. I am now talking about a Now, by therebellionorrevolution-andwhen principle; not what iomebody else said. yod come back to.the objects of this war, you Mr. DowNInG. Apply what you have said, find that the abolition of slavery was not one of Mr. President, to South Carolina, for instance, the obiects';' Congress and the President himself where a majority of the inhabitants are colored. declared that it was waged on our part in order The PRasIDENrT. Suppose you go to South to'suppress the rebellion,-the abolition:of sla- Carolina; suppose you go to Ohio. That doesn't very has come as an incident to: the suppression change the principle at all. The query to which of a great rebellion as anincident, and as an I have referred still comes up when governincident we should give it the proper direction. ment is undergoing a fundamental change. Gov-The' colored man went into this rebellion a ernment commenced upon this principle; it has slave; by'the operation of the rebellion he came existed upon it; and you propose now to incorout a freedman-equal to a freeman in an p'orateinto it an elem&ent that didn't exist beother portion of'the country. Then'there is a fore.; I say the query:comes up in undertaking great deal done for him on this point.:The non- this thing whether we have a right to make a slaveholder who was forced'into the rebellion, change in regard to the elective franchise. in who was as loyal as those that lived beyond the Ohio, for instance: whether we shall not let the limits of the State, but was carried into: it, lost people in that State decide the matter for themhis property, and; ina number 6f instances the selves. lives "of such were sacrificed, and he'who has Each community is better prepared to detersurvived has come out of it-with nothing gained, mine the depositary'of its political'power than but a great deal lost.' anybody else, and it'is for the Legislature, for Now, upon the principle of justice, should the people' of Ohio to say who shall vote, and they-'be placed",in:a condition different from not for the Congressof the United States. I what:they were before? On,the one hand, one might go down hereto the ballot-box to-morrow has gained a great deal'; on the other hand, one and vote directly for universal suffrage; but if has lost a great deal, and: in ia political point of a great majority of the people said no, I should view, scarcely stands where'he did before. consider it would be tyrannical in me to attempt'Now, we are talking about wherewe are going to force such upon them without their will. It to begin.: We have gotat4'the hate that existed is- a. fundamental tenet,'in my. creed that the will between the two races..The query comes tp, of the people' must'be obeyed. Is there anywhether these two [races, situated' as- they.were thing wrong or Iunfair in that? before, without prep ration, without'ime' for.Mr.'D'ouGi s.'3(smiling.) A great deal that is passion and:excitemient to be appeased, and With- wrong, Mr.'President, with all respect. out time for the slightest improvement, whether -The PRESI'Di rT. Itis the people of theStates the'one should be turned loose uponi the other, that':mtist: for thpemselves determine this'thing. and be! thrown together" at, the ballot-box with I do not want to' be engaged in a work that will this.enmity and hate existing between -them. commence a'war:of races. I want to begin the The: query coms up righ't there,'whether'we work of preparation, and the States, or the peedon't.commence a war of'raes.'l'thinkI aun- ple in eachh community,' if a man demeans him* derstand:this thing, and especially'is this'thecase self well, and shows evidence that this new state when you force itpon,.people ithout -their of affairs will operate, will protect him in'all his conent. and give im every possible advantage. rights, and; gvenhim every possible advantage PRESIDENTIAL INTERVIEWS AND SPEECHES. 55 w:en they become reconciled socially:and:politi- a means of preventing the.very thing which.cally to this state of things. Then will this new your excellency seems to apprehend-that is a order of things, work harmoni-ously; but:orced conflictof races.. -.. upon the people before they are prepared for-it, The PRESIDENT. I repeat, I merely wanted it will be resisted, and work inharmoniously. I to indicate my views: in reply to your address, feel' a conviction that driving this matter upon and not to enter into any general controversy, the people, upon the community, will result in. as I could not well do so under the circumthe injury of both races; and the ruin of one or- stances, the other.:God knows Iihave no desire but the: Your statement was a very frank one, and I good of the whole human race.: I would it were thought it was due to you to meet it in the same so that all you advocate could be done -in. the spirit.. twinkling of an eye; but it is!not:in the'nature Mr. DOUGLASS. Thank you, sir. of things, andI do not assume or pretend to be The PRESIDEN.. I think you will find:so far wiser than, Providence, or stronger than the laws as the South is concerned, that if you will all inof nature.,.:.. w...~- culcate there the idea in connection with the one Let us now seek to discover the laws govern-; you urge, that the. colored people can live and ing this thing. There is a great law controlling advance in civilization to better advantage elseit; let,us endeavor to find out what that law is, where than crowded right down there in the and conform. our actipns to it...All.the details: South, it would be better for them. will then properly adjust themselves and work Mr. DOUGLASS.. But the masters" have the out well in the end,..m making of the laws, and we cannot get away God knows that ahything I can do I will do. from the plantation.. In the mighty process by which the great end: The PRESIDENT. What prevents'you? is to'be reached, anything I can do to elevate Mr. DOUGLASS. We have not the single right the races, to soften and ameliorate their condi- of locomotion through the: Southern States now. tion'.I will do, and to be able to do so is the sin- The PRESIDENT.: Why not; the government cere desire of my heart... furnishes you with every facility. I am glad to have met you, and thank'you Mr. DouGLAss. There aresix days in theyear for the compliment you have paid me. that the negro is free in the South now, and his Mr. DOUGLASS. I have to return- to you our master then decides for him where he. shall go, -thanks,'Mr. President, for so kindly granting us where he shall work, how much he shall workthis interview. We did not come here expect- in:fact, he' is divested of all political power. He ing to argue this question with your excellency, is absolutely in the hands of those men. but simply to state what were our views and The PRESIDENT. If'the master now controls wishes in the premises. If we were disposed to him or his action,.would he not-control him in argue the question, anid you would grant us per- his vote? mission, of course we would endeavor to contro- - Mr. DOUGLASS.- Letthenegro once understand vert some of the positions you have assumed.. that he has: an.organic right to vote, and he will Mr. DowNING. Mr. Douglass,II take it that raise up a party in the Southern States among the President, by his, kind expressions and his t;he-poor, who will rally with him. There is very full treatment of the subject, must: have this conflict that you.speak of between the contemplated some reply to, the views which he wealthy slaveholder and the poor man. has advanced, and in':which we certainly do not The PRESIDENT. You touch right upon the.concur, and I say this with due respect. point there. There- is this conflict, and hence I The PRESIDENT. I thought you expected me suggest emigration. If'he cannot get employto indicate to some extent what my views were ment in the South, he has it, in his power to go on the subjects touched upon in your statement. where he can.get it. Mr. DOWNING. We are very happy, indeed,; In parting, the PRESIDENT said that they were to have heard them.. both desirous of accomplishing the same ends, *Mr. DOUGLASS. If the President will allow' but. proposed to do so by following different me, I would like to say one or two words in roads. reply. You enfranchise your enemies and dis- Mr. DOUGLASS, on turning to leave, remarked franchise your friends.. to his fellow delegates: "The President sends'The PRESIDENT. All I have done is simply us to the people, and we go to the people." to indicate what my views are, as I supposed: The PRESIDENT. Yes, sir; I have great faith you expected me to, from your address. in the people. I believe they will do what is Mr. DOUGLASS. My own.impression.is that right. " the very thing that your excellency'would avoid in the southern States can only be avoided by Reply of the Colored Delegation to the Presithe very measure that we propose, andI would dent. state to -my brother. delegates that because I To the Editor of the Chronicle: perceive the. President has taken strong grounds Will you do us the -favor to insert in your in favor of a given,policy, and distrusting my columns the, following reply of the colored deleown ability to remove any of those impressions gation to the President of the United States? which he has expressed, I thought we had bet- GEO. T. DOWNING, ter end'the interview, with the expression of In behalf'of the Delegation. thanks. (Addressing the President.) But if' MR. PRESIDENT: In consideration of a deliyour excellency will be: pleased to hear, I would cate sense of:propriety, as well'as your own relike to say a word or two in regard to that one peated:intimations of indisposition to discuss or matter of the enfranchisement of the blacks. as to listen to a reply to the iews; and opinions 3hatt' f'th f o the — vie s and pinions~~~~~~~~~~ 56 POLITICAL'-M;ANUAL. you were pleased to express. to us in your: elabo- state of equal justice between all classes. First rate speech to-day,.the.. undersigned would re- pure, then-peaceable.-' spectfully take this method of replying thereto. 3. On the colonization theory you-were pleased ]Believing as We do that the views and: opinions to' brboach,:very much could be said,'. It is' im-' you expressed in that address: are entirely un- possible to suppose, in view of the usefulness of sound&and prejudicialto the highest interests of the black man in time of peace as'a laborer in our race as well as our, country: at large, we, the South, and in time of war as a soldier at cannot do other than expose the same, and, as the North, and the.growing respect for his rights far'as may be in our power, arrest their dan- among the' people, and'.his- increasing adaptagerous influence. It is. not.' necessary at this tion' to a high state of civilization, in this his time to call attention to more than two or -three native' land, there' can:ever come a time when features of your remarkable address: he can be removed'from- this country without a 1.' The first point to which we-feel especially terrible shock to its: prosperity and peace. Bebound'to'take exception is your attempt to sides, the worst enemy'of the.nation:could not found a policy opposed to our enfranchisement, cast upon its fair name a greater infamy than upon the alleged ground of an existing hostility to supposethat negroes could be tolerated among on the.part of the forr er slaves toward: the poor them in a state of the most degrading slavery white'people of the South. We' admit the ex- and oppression, and must be cast away, driven istence'of' this hostility, and hold that it is en-:. into exile, for no other cause.than having been tirely -reciprocal. But you obviously commit an freed from their chains. error by drawi nganargument from an incident GEORGE T. DowNING, of a state of slavery, and making it:a basis for JOHN JONES, a.policy adapted' to a state of'.freedom. The WILLIAI WHIPPER, hostility between the whites and' blacks of the FREDERIcK DOUGLASS', South is easily explained. It:hass:its root and LEWIS H. DOUGLASS, sap in the relation of slavery,, and was incited and others. on both sides by the cunning of the slave mas- WASHING-TON, February 7, 1866. ters. Those masters secured atheir ascendency over both the poor whites and the blacks by Remarks at'an Interview with the Committee putting enmity between them. of the Legislature of Virginia. They divided' both to conquer. each. There February 10, 1866-A committee' of the Senwas no -earthly reason why.the'blacks should' ate-and House of' Delegates of Virginia called not hate and dread the poor whites when in a upon. the President, for the purpose of presentstate of slavery, for it was from this class that ing him with resolutions:adopted by the General their.mastersreceived their slave-catchers, slave- Assembly of Virginia. After some remarks by drivers, and overseers. They were the men: Mr. John B. Baldwin:, chairman'of the delegacalled in upon all occasions by the masters when.tin, the President responded: any fiendish, outrage was to be committed upon In reply, gentlemen, to the' resolutions you the.slave. Now, sir; you cannot but perceive have just presented to me, and the clear and that,' the cause of'this hatred removed, the effect forcible and''concise remarks which you have must' be. removed also..Slavery is abolished. made inexplanation of the position of Virginia, The cause of antagonism is' removed,: and you I shall' not attempt to make a. formal speech, but must see that it is altogether illogical (and'.'put- simply to enter into a plain conversation in reting new wine into old bottles,"'mending new gard to the condition of things in which we garments with old cloth.") to legislate from slave- stand.. holding and slave-dri'ving'premises for a people As a premise'-to what I may say, permit me whom you have repeatedly declared yOur pur- first to'tender you my thanks for this visit, and pose. to maintain in freedom, next to express the gratification, I feel in meet-2. Besides, even if it were true, as you allege','ing so many intelligent, resp'onsible, and'respectthat the hostilityof the blacks toward the poor able men of Virginia, bearing to me the senti whites must necessarily project itself into a ments which have been expressed in the resolustate of freedom, and-that this enmity between tions of your' Legislature and'.the remarks acthe.two races is even more'intense ina state': of companying them.. freedom than in a state of slaveryiin the name' They are, so far as they refer to the Constituof''Heaven, we: reverently'ask, h'ow;can you, in Ition'of the country, the.sentiments and the view:-of your. professed desire to promote' the principles embraced in' the charter of the Govwelfare of the black, man, deprive him of all ernmemnt.;The preservation of the Union has means of defence, and, clothe him whom you:been, from "my entrance'into public life, one of regard- as his'' enemy in the panoply of political my cardinal tenets. At the very incipiencyof power? Can it be that you would recommend this rebellion I set'my'face against the dissolu-' a policy which, would'arm' the strong and cast tion of the Union of the States. I do not make down the defenrceless?;'' Can'you,'bIy apy possi- this allusion for the purpose of bringing up anybility of reasoning,'.regard: this as'just, fair, or thing which has'transpired which may be rewise? Experience "pr[oves'that'those are often- garded as of an unkind or unpleasant character;, est abused who cain be abused with the greatest but I believed then, as'I believe now, and as' impunity Men are' whipped oftenest who are you have most unmistakably indicated, that the whipped easiest.. i'eace b'twen races is not to s.ecurity and' the protection of the rights of all -be secured: by degrading one race'and;exalting the people were to' be.found in the Union; that: anoth.er,' by.givingpower. to one ierace and with- we were' certainly safer in the Union than we' holding; it from another; but by maintaining a were'out of it. PRESIDENTIAL INTERVIEWS:AND SPEECHES. 57: Upon this conviction I based my opposition oya ty. He -who come's as a representative, ~to the efforts which were- made' to destroy the having the' qualifiations preSCribed by th o'Con-Union.' I have continued thoseeff.orts:, notwithf-,stitution to' fit:him'to take- a; Seat in either of standing- the perils through wl ich I havei:assed, thie deliberative bodies whicl] constitute thp naand you.are not unaware that the trial'has been tional egiSlature,~ must.necessarily,. according a severe one. When opposition toth.e Govern-: to tle' intendmentofthe Constitution, be a loyal ment caine Tro~n one section'of the country, and I n,':willing -.toabi de'by and devoted to the that-the section in'wh-ich my:life had-be'en passed,'Union and- te Constitution of the States. He an;d ~with Wvhich my. intteresfts w'.xere. idenitified:I cannot' bee' for'.the Co nstitution, he cannot be for stood;-'as.I stand now contendingforthe Union, the:Union;' he' cannot' acknowledge obedience to and assever'ating-thatithe best-'and'surestway all the laws, unless' he is'loyal.'When the peoto obtain our rights and to protect our interests ple serid'lsuch men'i good faith they' are entiwas to reonain' in h-the-;Union under'- the -praotec-'td to' represntation thriigh them. tion of theCon'stitution-'' In going into. the recent rebellion or insurrec-:The ordeal' through which we have paassed tiron against'the' Government of the'United during the last-.four'or five years demonstrates States we:erred;- and in' returning and resum most conclusively tlat athat, -o0pposition. wasi ing our relations with the Federal Governmentt right; -and- to-day, after ~the. experiment -has am free'to say that all.the resp.onsiblepositions been made'and has failed'; after the demonstra- and places ought -to- be confined- distinctly and'tion has been most conclusively afforded'that cle.arly to; men who are loyal. If there were this Union cannot be dissolved, that it was not onrily:five thousand loy'almen in a State,'or a designed: to be dissolved, it:is extremely gratify- less number, but'sufficient to take'charge.of the ing to me to meet gentlemen as intelligent and p'olitical machinery of the State, those five thouas responsible: as'yourselves, who are' willing sand men, or the lesser number, are entitled to and anxious'to accept and: do:accept: the terms it, if: ll the rest should be otherwise inclined. laid down in the Constitution'and in obedience I lookupon it' as being fundamental' that thi to the laws made in pursuance'ther.eof.'' exercise of.political power should' be confined td We were:at one period separatted; the' sepa- lby'aI'-sn;'n d'I:egaird'that as implied in the ration was to me painful in the extreme;: but now d'ctriines laid down in these resolutions and inf -after having gone through a struggle in':whibh the eloquent address by which they.have been the powers of'tle' Government ha e been:tried, accompanied.:I may say, furthermore, that af-r When we have' swunga rouind to'a point' at ter; having'passed through: the great struggle in which we meet';to' agree: and are'willing to unite which' we- have been- engaged, we'should be our' efforts for: the' preservation::of the' Govern- placed upon.much more acceptable ground in.remient, which I:believe is' the best in'the world; suming allouirt'elations to the General Govern-' it is exceedingly gratifying to' me to meet you ment if we presented- men unmistakably and to-day, standing upon- common ground, rallying unquestionably loyal to,:fill the places of power. around the Constitution and the: Union.f these Tis b'eing done, I'feel that t te day is not far, States, the' preservation' o'f which;' as-'I conscien-' distant -I speak confidihgly in, reference to the' tiously and honestly:believe, willresult'in; the great mass of the Amerian people-when.they prbinotion.' and the: advancement. of this people: wil'determine'that: this:Union shall be made.:,'-irepeat, I ai gratified' o. meet you.to-day, whole, and' the great right of representation in expressing- the principles and announcing; the. the councils of the nation be acknowledged. se.timentmens to which you have given utterance, Gentlemen, that is a I fundamental principle. and I trus':that' the.occasion-:will losng- be re-' "'No taxation w'hout representation:" was one; membered. I have no doubt that your intenii of.thb principles which carried us through the' tion is' to:carry.' out' and comply with:every- Revolution. This'great principle will hbld good single principle'laid down' in, the resolutionsyou' yet;' and if' we'but perform our duty, if we but' have' submitted.: I.know that'sme are distrust- comply with-'the spirit of the resolutios. pre-, ful;'?but I am of' those.wh'o' have confidence sented to me to-day, the American people will' in the judgment; in the integrity, in the'intel- maintinaind sustain' the great doctrines upon ligence: in -the; virtue of the ggreat:mass of-'the w Which the Government was inaugurated. It can'. Americanpeople;; and having' -such confidernce, be done, and it will be done; and I think that' I an'-mwilling'-:,to -trust.them, and. I thankk'God i:f:'the effort be fairly and fully made, with forthalt'we-have- not yet reached: that'point where- bearance and' with:prudence, and with discretion we' have lost all confidence in'each other and wisdom, the end'is not very far distant..,T;he, -spirit' -of:the'Governmentcan;o'ny'b::-'I't seems'. t0me'p.parent'that from every conpres]rvedl we;:can-.only. become prosperous and' sideation the best po61licy which cou'ld be adopted great, s as- t people,..by',mutual forbearance ane' a t present would:.be a restoration ofthese States confidence, Upon'that faith -aiid':confidence' arid:6f'the Government upon correct principles, alone'can- the: G-overnment' be' successfully' c'ar- We have some foreign difiSculties, but the moment. ried on' it can be'announed that the Union of:the State' On-thoe cardinal-princip'le of represenation.to is- again:complete, that.we. have resumed ocur' wh:ic i you refeir I':will' make a single: remark. career;of prosperity: and greatness, at that very That. principle is: inherent; it iconstitutes one: of instant,.almost' all'our foreign difficulties willbe.'the'fundamentai'elements of: this'' GovernmentJ" settled,; for there is no0 power upon the earth The'representastives' of' the'States'and' of:- the which will care to'haxe a cont'roversy or a.Up people- should'have'the- q;ualific'ations prescribed ture with the Government of the United' S'tees; by, the Constitution' of the'United'States and undesuchirumstances.':'.... those.: ucifications', most uirfzseystso"nnablyp:.i ml.. ":" I-imf' these S'tates t ftully restoredr, the area forf Z68 POLITICAL M4NUAL. the circulation of the national currency, which constitution, has taken hold;of one extreme, and is1thought by some to be inflated to avery great with:the strong arm of physical power has put extent, will be enlarged, thenumer of persons down the rebellion,. Now, as ve.swing around through whose hands it is to pass will be in- the circle of the Union, with a; fixed and unal-.creased, the quantity of-commerce in which it is terable determination to stand by it, if we find to be employed as a medium of exchange will be the counterpart or the duplicate of the. same enlarged; and then it will begin to approximate spirit that played to this feeling and these perwiat we all desire, a specie standard. If all the sons in the South, this other extreme,.which States were restored-if peace and order reigned stands in the way must get out of.it,: and the throughout the land, and all the industrialM pur- Governmentvnust stand unshaken and unmoved suits-all the avocations of peace-were again on its basis, The[Government must be preresumed, the:day would nodt be very far distant served..... whien we could, put into the, commerce of the -I will only say, in conclusion, that I hope all world $250,000,000 or $300,000,000 worth; of the people of this country, in good faith and in the cotton and: tobacco, and the various products. of fullness of their hearts, will, upon the principles the Southern States, which w6uld constitutel in which you have enunciated here to-day, of the part, a.basis of this- currency.. maintenance ofthe Constitution and the preser-. -Then, instead of the cone being inverted, we vation, of the Union, lay aside every other feelshould: reverse the position, and put the base at ing for, the good of our common country, and the.bottom, as it ought to.be; and the. currency with uplifted faces to heaven swear: that our of the country will rest' on a sound and enduring gods and our altars and -all shall sink in the dust basis;' and surely that ia result which: is cal- together rather than that this glorious Union culated to promote the interests not only of one shall not be preserved..section, but of.the. whole country, from one. ex- I am gratified.to find the loyal sentiment of tremity to the other. - Indeed, I look upon- the the country developing and manifesting.itself in restoration of. these States asbeing indispensable these e'pressions; and now'that the attempt to.to all our greatness. destroy the government-has tailed at one end of':'Gentlemen, I knownothingfurther that. the line,: I trust we shall go on determined to co.uld.say'in the expression.of my feelings. on preserve; the Union in its original purity against this occasion-and they are not affected-more all; opposers. than to add, that I shall:continue in the same I- thank you, gentlemen, for the. compliment line of policy which I have-,pursued from:ithe you have paid.me, and I respond most cordially commencement of the rebellion to. ithe present to what has. been said in your resolutions and perliod. My efforts have..been, to preserve the address, and I trust'in God that the time.will Ijnion of.the States. I nevetr, or.singlemo- soon come' when we can meet under more favorment, "entertained, the op4inion that a State couild able auspices than we do now. withdraw'frm the UJnionr of its own will. That attempt wvas made. It:; has' failed. I.continue Sp.eech of the 22d February, 1866. t'pursue the same; line of policy which! has been... [Report ofe National Intelligencer.] my constant guide. I was against dissolution..After returning his. thanks to the committee issolution was attempted; it has failed; and which had waited upon him.and presented him now I cannot take the position that a State which with the, resolutions which had been adopted, attempted to secede is out of -the'Union,' when I the President said: The resolutions, as I undercontended all the time that it couldn,ot go. out, stand them, are:complimentary of the policy and that it; never has been out. I: cannot be which has been adopted and pursued by the Adforced into- that position. Hence:, when the ministration since it came into power.- I am;States-and their people shall have complied with free to say to you on this occasion that it is exthe-requirements of the Government,I shall be tremely gratifying to me to know tha-t so large in fav.or of their resuming their former relations a portion of our fellow-citizens indorse the policy tQ:this'Government in all respects. which has been adopted and which is intended...iido not. intend' to say' anything personal,: but to be- arried. out. you know as well as I do'thaat the beginning, This policy has been one which was. intended and.indeed before' the,',beginning,;'ofthe.recent to restore. the glorious Union-to bring those gigantio struggle between the different- sections great States, now the subject of:controversy, to of the country, there were extremei,.men South their original relations to the Government-of the arid there were extreme imeh'North. I might. United States.. And this seems to be a:day pemake use of a homely figure —-which is sometimes culiarly appropriate for such a manifestation'as as'good. as'any other,,even' in' the.illustrations this-the day that gave birth to.him who founded of great and.- important questions:-and say that the Government' —that gave birth to the Father ithas been hammer at one end of the lineand. of our Country-that gave birth to him who ankvil at the other;:and tHis' great Go.vernment,: stood at the portal when all these States entered the best the' world-ever saw,.was kept upon this glorious Confederacy. I say that the anvil: and.hammered before.the rebellion, and it: day is (peculiarly appropriate to the indorsehas been hammerel..since the'rebellion,; and ment of measures for the restoration of the Union there seems to be a isposition to.continue the: that was founded by the Father of his Country, ]iammering until the.Gvernmenti shall' be;de- W.ashington,:whose name this city bears, is em6troyed. I have opposed..i t system always s balmed in. the hearts of all, who love their Govarid I oppose it now., i ernment. [(A voice; "So is'Andy Johnson."] The Government, in the assertion pf its powers Washington, in the language" of his eulogists, and in the maintenance of tie principles of the was first in peace, first in war, and first in the PRESIDENTIAL INTERVIEWS AND SPEECHES. 59 hearts of his countrymen. No people can claim casion t want to be understood.) There- was.a him-no nation can appropriate him. His emi- portion of our countrymenopposed to this, and nence is acknowledged throughout the civilized they went to that extreme that they! were willworld by all those who love free government. ing to break up the Government to destroy this I have had the pleasure of a visit from the asso- peculiar institution of the South. ciation which has beeni directing its efforts to- I assume nothing here to-day but the citizenwards the completion of a monument erected to one of you-who has been pleading'for his his name. I was prepared to meet them and *country and the preservation of the Constitugive them mvy humble influence, and countenance tion. These two parties have been arrayed in aid of the work. Let the monument be against each otheri, and I stand before you as I erect~ed to him who founded the Government, did in the Senate of the United States in 1860. and that almost withifi the throw of a stone I denounced there those who wanted to disrupt *from the spot from which I now address you. the Government, and I portrayed their true Let it be comnpleted. Le'tthe pledges which all character. I told them that those who were en-.these States and corporations and associations gaged in the effort to break up the Government have put in that monument be preserved as an were traitors.. I have not ceased torepeat that, earnest of our faith in and love of this Union, and, as far as endeavor could accomplish it, to. and let the monument be completed. And in carry out the sentiment.' - Iremarked, though, Iconnection with Washington, in speaking of the that there were two parties. One would des-'pledges that have been placed in that monu- troy the Government to preserve slavery;' the' mnent, let me refer to one from my ownState- other would break up the Government to des-.God bless her!-which has struggled for the troy slavery. The objects to be accomplished.preservation of this Unionin the field andinthe were different, it is true, so far as slavery was councils of the nation. Let me repeat, that she concerned; but they agreed in oQne thing-the is now struggling in consequence bf an'innova- destruction of the Go.vernment, precisely what tion that has taken place in regard.to'her rela- I was always opposed to.; and whether the distion with the Federal Government growing out! unionistscame fromthe South or from the North, of the rebellion~-she is' now struggling to renew I stand now where.I did then, vindicating the her.relations with this Government and take the Union of these States and the Constitution o stand which she has occupied si'nce 1796. Let our counitry. -'The rebellion manifested itself in me repeat the'sentiment whicl' that.State in- the South.,1,stood by the Government.' I said scribed upon her stone that is deposited within I was for the Union with.slavery. I said I waa the monument of freedom and in commemoratioh for the Union without slavery. In either alterof Washington; she is struggling to stand by native I was for the Government and: the Conthe sentiment inscribed on that stone, and' she stitution:.' The Government,has stretched forth is now willing to imaintain that sentiment. And its strong arm,, andwith its physical power. it what is' the sentiment?'It is the sentiment has put dowfwtreason in the field. That is, the which was enunciated by'the immortal and the section of country that arrayed itself against illustrious Jackson-" The Federal',Union, it the Government has been. conqiered.by the force mustbepreserved.., ofthe Government itself. Now,.what had we Were it possible for that old man, who in said to those.people? We said: " No compro-'statue is before me and in portrait behind me, misc; we can settle this question with-the South to be called forth. were it possible to communi- in eight and forty hours.".cafe:ith'the illustrious'dead, and he could be. I have said it again and again, and I repeat informed of the progress in the work of faction, it now, "disband your armies, acknowledge the and rebellion, and treason-thatolid man would sdpremacy o'f the Constitution of the United turn over-in his coffin, he would rise, shake off States, give obedience to the law, and the whole the habiliments of the tomb, and again extend question is settled.".'that long arm and finger and reiter'ate the senti- What has been done since?.Their.armie.ment before'enunciated, "the Federal Union, it have been disbanded... They comb now to meet must be preserved.'' But. we witness wat has us in a spirit of'magnanimity and say,, "We transpired sinc. his'day. We:remember what were m.istaken:; we made the effort to carry out he said in 1833. When treason and treachery the doctrine of secession and dissolve this Union, and infidelity to the Government/anid the Con- and.ha ig traced.this thing to its ogical and Stitution of the United Stted States stalked forth, it physical results, we now' acknowledge the flag oj was his power and influence" that went forth our country, and promise obedience to the Conand crushed it in its incipiency.' It was-then sttution and the. supremacy of the law." stopped. But itas:only'stopped for a: time, I-say, then, when you icqiply with the Con. ari the spirit continued. There: were men dis- stitutio.n, when you yield tq the law, when you.'affectede'toards the:Gverrilrent ini;botli %th aknowed'ge..al-legiance to the Government-I North and South.: There were peouliar rinstitn' say let'tthe, dporof. the.Union be opened,: and tions in. the country t:owhich some were adverse the relatiobii-'rst'ored to those that had erred and others attache.i. We find.that one portion land had strayehd from the fold of our' fathers. of our''cduntrymen'advocated an'iristituti6ni'in.Who has suffered, more than I have?. I ask'the South' which otlersopposed'in the'Nb rt;h. thel qestion. I shall nt recount the wrongs This riesulted' irn': t^o extremes.''That in the and'the sufferings inflicted upon,me.. It,is not South: reached a point'at' whih tle peopl' there'the- course to deal.with a whole, people i a. Were'disposed'to. dissolvd the Governmient of'the spirit of reven.ge.':know there has been. a United States, and they sought topraeservetheir great deal said about the exercise of the pardon peculiir' institutions. (What'sayed' on'th'is-oc- power, as egards' the ExeEutive;e. and. there is. 60 POLITICAL MANUAL. 1no one who has labored harder than Ilto have'few at the federal head, and thereby bring about the principals, the intelligent' and:conscious a consolidation of the Republic, which is equally offenders, brought to. justice- andi have the prin- objectionable with its dissolution. We find.a ciple-vindi'bcated that "''treason is a crime." power assumed and attempted to be exercised of But, while conscious apid in'telligent""traitors a most extraordinary character. We see now are:t6o,:be pun4ished, should' whole communities that governments can be revolutionized without'aiid States be' made to subrfit to the penalty' of going into thebattle-field; and sometimes the death? I have quite'as much asperity, and per-'revolutions most distressing to a'people are efhaps as much resentment, as;a man ought to have;'fected without the shedding of blood. That is, but':we must reason regarding man as he is, and the substance of your Government may be taken must conform our action and our. conduct' to'the away, while there is held ut to you the form xample'ofH'h fundedour holy rli- and th'e shadow.. And now, what are the at6gxmonp. otempts, and what is: being proposed? We find I came into power: under the Constitution of athat by an irresponsible central directory nearly the'country, andwlith the aprobaition of the peo- all ithe powers of Congress are assumed, without ple, and what did I find? Ifound'eight millions'even consulting the leisl'ative and executiVe of people who were convicted, condemned under departments of the Govern' ment. By aresolution ~thel4'aw, and the penalty was death; and, through reported by a'committee, upon whom and. in revenge and res'entment, Were they all to: be an- whom the legislative power of the Government nihilated? Oh'! may I not' exclaim, how diffe r- has been lodged, that great principle in the Conedn't"'Would'thisbe from the example set'by the stitution which authorizes and empowers the'Founder of'our holy religion, whose divine arch l'egislative department, the Senate and House of rests its:extremities on th'ehorizon while itspan Represen'tatives, to be'the judges of elections, embraces the universe!'Yes, He that founded rturns,'andqualifications of its own members, this'great scheme came into thli' world and saw has bdeen virtually, taken away from the. two men' -condemned hider' the law.andi'the santence respective'branches of the national legislature, was death.: Wlat was. his example? Instead aiid conferredupon a committee, who must report of'putting theworld' ora'nation to death, He before the body can act on thequestion ofthe went forth on the cross and'testified with His admission of members to their seats. By' this wounds that'He would di'i'and let, the world rule they assume a State is out' of the Union, live.. Let th~em repent; left'them acknowledge and to have its practical relations restored by their- rashnress;''let them become loyal, and let that rule, before the House can judge' of the them' be' supporters of' our glorius stripes and'qualifications of its own members. What posistarsand' the' Consti tution"of our country. I tibniis that? You have been struggling for four sayle::t the leaders, the'consci'ous, intelli' gen trai- years to pit down a rebellion. You contended to'rs, meet the penalties of' thelaw. But as for'at the' beginningof that struggle that.a State had'the. great.mass,, who have been forced into the no't a iight t6vo go out. You said it had neither rebelion- iiisledin other ijistnces:- l'et there be the rightt nor te power, and it has been settled clemency and kindness, anda:trust ahd -a confi- that the States had neither the right nor the denice'inthem'.Buit, my countrymien, after ha- power to go out of the Union. And when you ing. passed through th is. bellio', and'.having d...etermine -.he executive, by the military, and given' as.much evideniceo of:enity to' ita some by the- publi*judgment, that these States cannot who croak a great, deal: ab'out tthe m.astter- have any right to go out, this committee turns when I: look'back over the battle-field and around and assumes that they are out, and that ee. many of those -bravemenin whose corm- they shal not come in. pany I was, in localities;of thb re6bblion where' Iam free. to say' to you, as your Executive,.the:contest was'most difficul6 and:doubtful, and that I am not preparedto take any such position. who yet were patient; when'I look'backover I said in the Senat, in the very inception of thsse fields'and whereithe shok" e'his scarcely this rebellion, that the States had no right to passed' away; "'wher'e the bloo.d that' has'been secede.'That. question has been settled. Thus hbd' has scariely been absorbed:-'before''their determined, I cannot turn round and give the boedies have pssed through the tages of'decom- lie direct to all that I profess to have done during positidn-wh'at do I:fid:?. The rebellion is' put the-last forir years. I say that when the'States down'by the,strobng arm of'the Governme'nt' in thatattemp tepted'to secede comply with the Conthe fi:eld' But is this/the only'way in which we stitu'tion, and give sufficient evidence of loyalty, can have rebellions?'Thi's was astruggle against I shall extend to them the right hand of fellowa change'an~d' revoluti'on of' the' Government, ship, anii iet:peace.ad union be restored. I'am and before we fully'get'froim thie battle-fields — ppoosed.toth'eiDavisest he Toombs es, the Slidells,'heihor br orbavem.e ihave scarcely returned to'and helong list of such. But when I perceive, their'homes anl'reneved the ties. of affection onthe'other hand, men-[A voice, " Call them and love to their wives and' their children -we off"]'-I care not by what name you call them are now' almost iaugurated into another re stil opposed to the:Union, I am free to say to b.ellion.:' you that Iamstill with the people. I am still Ore rebellion was'the' effortof States to'se- for'thepreser'vation of these States, for the cede, and the'war on the"part.of'the'Governmient preservatio of this Union, and, in favor of this was.to prevenit tihem fromaccomplishing:that: gra G-overhIment accomplishing its destiny. and thereby changing theCharacter of ouriGov-: LHere'the.President was called upon to give ernmert; and weakeing its p'wr,' hen the tlie names of three of the members of Congress Govermlrit-Eihas succeededth, era is an attempt to:Whom:he had alludd as being opposed to. the oWiiWto'cbnoentriateallower' in the hand f Uniion.] PRESIDENTIAL'INTEVRVIEWS''AND SPEECHES. 61 The gentleman.calls for three names. -I am say to a man who has7'assassination broiling in taltking to my "friends and.:fellow-citizens: here. his heart, "there is: a fit subject,"' and also exSuppose I should name to you those wh:om'I claim that-the' "presidential obstacle" must be look upon'as being: opposed to the fundamental got out of the way, when-possibly the intention principles of this Governfient; and as now labor- wasl to institute: assassin; ation. Are those- who ingto0 destroy them. I say Thaddeus Stevens, want to-destroy our institutions and change the of Pennsylvania; I say Charles Sumner,'of character of the Government:not atisfied with Massachusetts; I say Wendell Phillips, of Mas- the blood that has been shed'? -Are they not sachy-setts. [A voice, "Forney!"] satisfied with one martyr?' Does not'the'blood I do not'waste my fire on dead ducks..I stand of Lincoln appease the vengeance and wrath of for the country, and though my enemies:may the opponents of this Governmenrt?' Is their traduce, slander, and vituperate, I may say that thirst still unslaked?'D'o they wantmore blood? has:no force. Ha[ve they not hionor-:and courage enough to In addition to this, I do not intend; to be gov- effect -the removal of the'preSidential obstacle erned by real or pretended friends, nor do I in-: otherwise than through, the-liands of the azssastendlto be bullied by nmy enemies..An honest sin? I amnot:afraid:'of assassins; but if it conviction -is my sustenance, the Constitution my must be, I would wish to.be encountered where. gu ide.: I know., my countrymen, that it has been- one brave man can oppose'another. I hold him insinuated-nay, said directly, in high:places- in dread only who strikes cowardly. But if that if such a usurpation of power had beenaex- they have courage enough. to strike like: men, ercised two hundred years -:ago, in particular (I: know they are willing to wound, but they reigns;, it would have cost'an- individual his head. are afraid to: strike;) if my blood- is to be shed What usurpation has Andrew- Johnson:been: because I vindicate the Union's and-the preservaguilty of? [Cries of "None."]* My only usur- tion of this Government in its original-purity pation has been committed by-standing between and character, let it'be so; buttwhenit is done, the people and' the. encroachments: of'power. let'an altar of the Union be erected, and then, AnRd because I dared say in a. conversation- with;-:if necessary, lay me upon it, and the blood that a -fellow-citizen and a Senator too, that -. thought now warms -and: animates my frame shall be amendments to the constitution- oughti-not t'o b'e poured out in a last libation as,a- tribute to the' so frequent, lest the instrument lose all its-sanc- Union; and let the opponents of this Governtity and dignity, andbe: wholly lost sight of in ment remember -that-when- it is poured out the a sho'rt time, and because I happened to say -in blood- of.' th-e martyr will be the seed of the conversation that I: thought that such and such church. The Union will grow. It will continue an amendment was all-that ought to be adopted,' to increase in strength and power, though it it-was said that I had suggested such'a usurpa- may be cemented and cleansed with blood. tion:of power as would have cost aking his'head I have talked longer, my countrymen, than in- a certain period! In connection with this I intended.' With many acknowledgments for subject, one has exclaimed that we are in the the-honor you: have done me, I will say one "midst-of: earthquakes and he trembled." Yes;, word in reference -to -the amendments to. the there' is an earthquake: approaching,'there is a Constitution of the United States. Shortly groundswell coming, of popular judgment and after I reached Washington;.for the purpose of indignation.'The American people -will speak, being inaugurated Vice President, I had a and- by their instinct, if in no other way, know conversation with -,Mr. Lincoln. We were who are their friends, when and where adri in talking about the condition of affairs, and in whatever position: I stand —.and I have occupied referenee -to -matters in my own:State. I said many positions in the government, goingthrough we had -called a-convention and demanded a both: branches of the legislatfire..Some gen- constitution abolishing slavery in the State, tleman here' behind me says, i' And was a tailor." which provision was not contain-ed in the' PresiNow, that don't affect me in the least. When dent's proclamation.. This met with his appro-'I was a -tailor I always mado a close fit, and was bation, and he gave me encouragement. In always -punctual to my customers, and did good talking upon the subject of amendments to the wor k. Constitution, he said, "when, tlhe amendment,['A voice.. No patchwork.] to the Constitution now proposed is adopted by -'-The PRESIDENT. No, I did not want any three-fourths of the States, I shall be pretty patchwork.. But we pass by this digression. nearly or quite done as regards forming amendIntimations have been thrown out-and when' ments to the -Constitution if there should principles are involved and:- the existence of my be one other adopted.",I asked what that country imperiled, I' will, as on former occa- other amendment suggested was, and he replied, sionsi speak what I think. Yes! Cost him his " I have labored to preserve this Union. I haye head! -Usurpation! When and where have I toiled four years. I have been subjected to beef guilty of this:? Where is the man-in all calumny and misrepresentation, and my great the positions I have occupied,- from that of alder- and sole desire has been to preserve these States man to the Vice P-residency,-who can-`say:that intact under the Constitution, as'they were beAndrew Johnson. ever made apledge-thlat:he did fdre;'and there shiould7 be an amendment to the not/redeem, or ever made a promise that'he vio- Constitution which would compel the'States to lated, o0r that headtedwith falsity to thepeople! send- their Senators and Representatives to the -.-T~hey-may'talk'aboutbeheading;.but When I Congress of- the United -States." He saw, -as am beheaded I want the American people to be part-of the -doctrine of secession, that the Statesthe =witne.ss. I do: not-'want by inuendoes- of codid,- if they were prepared, withdraw their ai'-ii'direct character in high places' -to'.have one' genato:rs.and Representatives: and he- wished to 62.POLITICAL —MANUAL. remedy this evil b.y the adoption'of;.the amend- current resolution; but when it is submitted to ment.suggested. Even that portion of the Con- the popular judgment, they will find it just as stitution which differs from other:organic law says wellto introduce a resolution repealing the law thatno State shall be deprived:of its r.epresen- of gravitation; and theidea of preventing the tatio.n. W.e now find the position taken that. restoration of the Unidn is as about as feasible States: shall not be- recognized; that we will as resistance to the great law of gravity which impose taxation'; and where taxes are to be binds all to a common centre. This great law imposed the Representatives elect:fom thence of gravitation will bring back those States to are met at the door, and tol.d: "No:; you must harmony and their relations to the Federal Govpay taxes, but you cannot participate in a Gov: ernment, and all'machinations North and South ernment which is to affect you for all time." Is cannot prevent it. All that is wanting is time, this just?.:[Voices- No!.'INo!'"]: We see, until the American people can understand what then, where we are.going. I repeat, that I am is going on, and be ready to accept thd view for the Union..I am for preserving all the just as itappears to.me. I would to God that States. They. may have erred, but-let us admit the. whole American people could be assemthoseinto the counsels'of the nation who are bled here to-day as you are. I could wish to unmistakably loyal. Lt the manwho acknowl- have- an amphitheatre large enough to conedges allegiance to the.government, and swears tain the whole thirty millions, that they could to support. the Constitution, (he cannot do this be here and witness the great struggle to prein good faith unless he is loyal; no amplification serve the Constitution of our fathers. They of the oath can make any difference; it is mere could at once see what it is, and how it is, and detail, which:I care nothing ahbout;) let him be what kind of spirit is manifested in the attempt unquestionably loyal to the Constitution of the to destroy the great principles of free governUnited States and its Government, and:willing ment; and they could understand who is for to support it in its peril, and I am willing.to them- and who is against them, and who was for trust him. I know that some do not attach so ameliorating their condition. Their opposers much importance to the principle as I do. One could be placed before them,_and there might be principle that carried us through the revolution a regular contest, and in the first tilt the enewas, that there should be no taxation with- mies of the country would be crushed. I have out representation. I hold that that principle, detained you longer than I intended; but in which was laid down. by our fathers for the this struggle I am your instrument. Where is country's good -then, is important -to its. good the man or woman, in private or public life, that now. If it was worth battling for;then, it is has not always.received my attention and my worth battling for now. -It is fundamental, and time? Sometimes it is said, "that man Johnshould be preserved so long as our Government son isa lucky man." I will tell you what conlasts. I know it was said by some during the stitutes good fortune. Doing right and being rebellion' that the Constitution had been rolled for the people. The people in some particular up as a piece of parchment, and should be put or other, notwithstanding their sagacity and away, and that in time of'rebellion there was judgment, are frequently underrated or underno constitution. But it is now unfolding; it estimated; but somehow or other the great mass must now be read and adjustedand understood of the people will find out who is for them and by theAmerican people.' who is against them. You must indulge me in I come here to-day to vindicate, in so far as I this allusion, when I say I can lay my hand on can, in these remarks, the'.Constitution; to save my bosom and say that in all the positions in it, as I believe; for it does seem that encroach- which I have been placed-many of them as ment after encroachment is to be pressed; and as trying as any. in which mortal man could be put I resist encroachments on the Government, I -so far, thank God, I have not deserted the stand to-day prepared to resist encroachments on people, nor do I believe they will desert me. the Constitution,. and thereby preserve the What sentiment have I swerved from? Can Government. I.tis now peace, and let us have my calumniators put their finger on it? Can peace. Let us enforcethe.Constitution. Letus they dare indicate a discrepancy.or a deviation live under, and by its provisions. Let it be from. principle?. published in blazoned characters, as though it Have you heard them at any time quote my were in the heavens, so. that all may' read and predecessor, who;fell & martyr to his course, as all mayunderstand it. Let us consult that in- coming in corntroversy with anything I advostrument, and,'understanding its principles, let cated? An inscrutable. Providence saw proper us apply.them. I tell'the opponents of this. to remove him to, I. trust, a better world than Government, and I care not from what quarter this, and I came into'power. Where is there they come-East or West, North or South-" you one principlein reference to this restoration that that are engaged in the work'of breaking up I have departed from?.Then the war is not this Government are mistaken..iThe Constitu- simply upon me,' bdt it is upon my predecessor. tion and the principles of free government are I have tried to do my duty. I know some are deeply rooted in the American heart."' All the jealous in view of' the. White House, and I say powers conmbined, I care not of'what.character all that flummery has as little influence on me they are, cannot destroy the imae a of freedom. as it had heretofore..The conscious satisfaction They may succeed for a time, but their attempts of having performed my duty to my country, will.be futile. They may as well attempt to my children, and my God, is all the reward lock.up the winds or chain the.waves:. Yes, which I shall ask. they -may as well attempt to repeal it, (as it'In conclusion of what I.have to say, let me would seem the:Constitution can be,) by a con- ask.:this; vast concourse, this sea of upturned PRESIDENTIAL INTERVIEWS AND SPEECHES. 63 faces, to go with me-or I will go with you- hobby, nor did I ride the.colored man for the and stand around the Constitution of our country; sake of gaining power. What I did was for it is again unfolded, and the people are invited: the purpose of establishing the great principles to read and understand it, and to maintain its of freedom.. And, thank God, I feel and know provisions. Let us stand by the principles of it to be so, that my efforts have contributed as our.fathers, though the heavens fall; and then,-.much, if not more, in accomplishing.this great though f factione.S array thleir. transient forces to national'guarantee, than:.:ttiose of;any. theri. give vituperation after vituperation in the most living man in the United States. virulent manner, I intend to stand by the Con-,, It is very easy for colored men to have prestitution as the chief ark of our safety, as the tended friends, ensconced in high places, and far palladiuna-.f..pour. civil. and. religious, liberty, removed from danger, whose eyes have. only Yes;l:ieti-is' cl'i-ngi-t'it'as tie marhmri'ner clings'to abstractly gazred' don:freedom; who have never the last plank when the night and the tempest exposed their limbs or property, and who never close around him. contributed a sixpence in. furtherance of the Accept my thanks, gentlemen, for the ind-ul- great cause, while another periled his all, and gence you hav'egiverime'in' my extemporaneous put up everything sacred and dear to man, and reminarks. et us go o'n, forgetting the past anid those whom he raised and who lived with him lo'oking'only upon the'futurel and trusting in' now enjoy. his property with his consent, and:;'Him:that'can control all that' is on high and receive his aid. and assistance; yet some who ash'ere below:,' and hoping that hereafter our Union sume, and others who have done nothing, are will be restored, and that:we will have peace'on: considered the great defenders and protectors of earth a'nd good will towards man. the colored man.' I. Irepeat, my colored friends, here' to-day, the.' -:.:.'~ time will'come, and that not far distant; when it Speech to the Colored People of.the District of will be proved ho is practially our best Columbia, Celebrating the Third Anniversary friend Of their.Emancipation'..;........' of their Em7ancipation. - My friendship, so far as it has gone, has not April 19, 1866-I have nothing' more to say been for place or power for I had these already. to you on this occasion than.to thank you for It has been a principle with me, and I thank this compliment you have paid me inpresenting God the great principle has been established, that yourselves before me on:this your day o'f cele- wherever any individual, in the language of a bration. I come forward for the purpose of in.- distinguished orator and statesman, treads Amerdioating my. approbation and -manifesting my ican soil, his soul swells within him beyond the appreciation of the respect thus offered or con- power of chains to bind him, in appreciation of ferred... the great truth that' he stands forth redeemed,...I-thank you for the compliment, and I mean regenerated, and- disenthralled by the genius of what Isay. And Iwill remark in this connec- universal emancipation!.tion to this'vast' concourse. that the:;time will' Then let me mingle with you in celebration come, andd- that, too, before a great. while, when of the day which commenced your freedom. I the colored population of the United States will do it in sincerity and truth, and trust in God the find' out who have selected them as a hobby and blessings which havte been: conferred may be ena pretence by which they can'be successful in joyed and appreciated'by you,and that youmay obtaining and maintaining power, and who have give them a proper'direction. been their true "friends, and wanted&';them to There is something for all to do.' You have participate in and enjoythe blessings of freedom:. high and solemn'duties to perform, and you The time will come when it'will be made ought to remembe'r that freedom is not a mere known who contributed as much as'any other idea. It must be reduced to practical reality. man, and who, without being considered egotis- Men in being free have to deny themselves many tic I may say contributed more, in procuring things which seem to be embraced in the idea of the. great national guarantee of the abolition of universal freedom.' slavery in. all the States,' by the ratification of It is with you to give evidence to the world the amendment to the CQnstitution of the United and the people of the United States, whether States.-giving a national'guarantee that slavery. you are going to appreciate this great boon as it shall' no longer be permitted to exist or:be re- should be, and that you are worthy of being established in. any, State or jurisdiction of the freemen. Then let me thank you with sincerity United States.'... for the compliment you have paid me by passing I.; know:how easy it is to cater to prejudices, through here to-day and paying your respects and how'easy it is to excite feelings of prejudice to me. I repeat again, the time will come when and unkindness. -I care not for- that.. I have you will know who has been your best friend, been engaged in this work in which my all has and who has not been your friend from mercebeen periled.'/ I was':not engaged in it as a nary considerations. Accept my thanks. 'VI. P.CIAL AND:VETO' ESSAGES OF ERESIDEIT JOHNSON WITH THtE VOTES.IN CONGRESS ON THE PASSAGE OF THE VETQED BILLS. The Annual Message, December4,1865. from the beginning, null and void. The States The following extracts relate to reconstruc-:cannot commit treason, nor screen the individo~:,' ual citizens who. may have committed treason, any more than they could make valid treaties or.I.found the States sufferingfrom the effects of engage in lawful- commerce -with any for'eign a civil war.- Resistance;to'the Geneiral Gov- power. The States attempting to secede placed. ernment appeared to haveexhausted.itself. The themselves in a condition where. their vitality United. States had recovered posssession of their was impaired, but not extinguished-their funcforts and arsenals, and.their armies were in' tions suspended, but not destroyed. the occupation of every:State- which had at- But if any State neglects or refuses to perform tempted to secede. Whether the territory within its offices, there is the more need that the General the limits of those States should be held as Government should maintain all its authority, conquered territory:, under.military:: authority and, as soon as practicable, resume the exercise enanating'from the President as the head of the of all its functions. On this principle I have army, was the first question'that presented itself acted, and have gradually. and quietly; and by for decision.'. almost imperceptible steps, sought to restore the -Now, military governments, established for rightful energy of the General Government and an indefinite period, would have offered.no se- of the States. To that end, provisional govcurity for the early suppression of discontent; ernors have been appointed for the States, conwould have divided the people into the van- ventions called, governors elected, legislatures quishers and the vanquished; and would have assembled, and Senators and: Representatives envenomed hatred, rather-than- have'restored chosen to the Congress of the United States. At affection. Once established, no precise limit to the same time, the courts of the United: States, their continuance was conceivable,, They would as far- as could be done, have'been reopened, so have occasioned an incalculable and exhausting, that the laws of the. United States may be enexpense. Peaceful emigration to'and from that forced through their agency. The blockade has' portion of the country is one of'the best means been:removed and the custom-houses re-estabthat can be thought of for' the restoration of lished in ports of entry, so that the revenue of harmony, and that emigration would have been the United States may; be collected. The Post prevented; for what emigrant- from.abroad, Office Department renews its ceaseless activity, what' industrious citizen.,at'lhomejwould place and-the General Government.is thereby enabled himself.willingly under military rule? The to communicate promptly: with its officers and chief fpersons who have followed.in the train, of agen.ts. The courts bring security to persons the army would have been.dependents on the and property:; the'opening:of the ports invites General Government, or men who'expected the restoriation of industry'and commerce; the' profit from the miseries of their erring fellow- post office renews. the facilities of social intercitizens. The powers of.patronage and'rule. course and of business. And is it not happy for which would. have -been exercised, under the us all, that the restoration of. each one of these' President, over a vast and populous, and natu- functions of the General Government'brings rally wealthy region, are.greater than, unless with it' a blessing to the States. over which they under extreme necessity, I1 should be willing to are extended? Is it not a sure promzise':ofh. ar — in'trust to:any one man; they.:are such as, for mony,and renewed attachment to the" Union myself, - I could never, unless on occasions of that; after all that has happened,' the return:of great emergency, consent to. exercise. The.wil- the General Government' is known - onl'ibsi'a: hfu se of such powers,: if. ontinued through.a'beneficence? period of years, w.ould. ihave -enidangered the.:I know.very.well-.thattrth-is- policy. isattended" purity of the general administration and the with some risk; that for/ its success it requires liberties of the States which remained loyal. at least the acquiescence of the States which it Besides, the policy of military rule over a concerns; that it implies an invitation to those conquered territory would' have implied that States, by renewing their allegiance to the United the States whose inhabitants may have taken States, to resume their functions as States of the part in the rebellion had, by the act of those Union. But it is a risk that must be taken; in inhabitants, ceased to exist. But the true theory the choice of difficulties, it is the smallest risk; is, that all pretended acts of secession were, and to diminish, and, if possible, to remove all 64 VETOES'ND' VOTES.:65 danger, I have felt it'incumIent on me: to- assert ing the autumn or early winter, nor until Conone other power of the; General Government —- gress should have" an opportuiity to consider the. power of pardon. 2As no, State can throw a -and act on thle whole suhject.' To your delibdefence over the crime of'treason, t;he power of oerations the. restoration of this branch of the pardon is exclusively vested in the executive civil authority of the. United States is therefore ogovernment of -the United States. In exercising necessarily referred, with, the hbope.that early that power, I have taken every precaution to provision will be made for the resumption of all connect it with the clearest.recognition of the its functions. It is manifest that' treason, most binding force of the laws of the United States, flagrant'in character, has been committed. and an urnqualified acknowledgment of the great Persons who are charged with its commission social change of condition in regard to slavery should have fair'and impartial trials in the which has growr out of'the war. highest civil tribunals of the, country, in order The next step which I have taken to restore thatthe0Constitution and the laws may be fully the constitutional relations of the States, has been vindicated; the truth clearly established and an invitation to them to participate in the high affirmed that treason is a crime, that traitors office of amending the Constitution. Every pa- should be punished and the offence made infatriot must wishi for a general' amnesty at the molusl;'and, a.tthe same time, that the question earliest epoch consistent withi public safety. For be judicially settled, finally and forever,. that no -this great end'there: is a need of) a concurrence' Stat;e of its own will has the right to renounce of all opinions, and the spirit of mutuall concil- its place in the Union. iation. All parties in the late'terrible' conflict The relations of the, General Government tomust work,together in harmony.,'.It is not too wards the four millions of inhabitants whom much. to ask, ian the name of the whole people: the war has called into freedom have engaged that, on the one side, the plan.ofrestoration my most serious consideration. On, the proshall proceed in conformity with a willingness priety of attempting to make the freedmen elec.to cast' the disorders of the past into oblivion; tors by. the proclarhation- of the -Executive, I and that, on the other, the evidence of sincerity took for my counsel the. Constitution itself, the in the future maintenance of the.Union shall be interpretations of that instrument by its auput beyond any doubt by the ratification of the hethors and their contemporaries, and recent legisproposed amendment to the Constitution,:whibch, lation by Congress.' When, at the first moveprovides for the: abolition of slavery'forever ment towards independence, the Congress of the within the limits of our country.: Solongas the'United States instructed the several States to adoption of this' amendment is delayed, so long institute governments of their own, they left each will doubt: and jealousy and uncertainty pre- State to decide for itself the conditions for the vail. Thisis the.measure which will efface the enjoyment of the elective franchise. During sad memory of the past; this is tthe measure t period of the confederacy, there' continued which'will most certainly call-populatiion. and.to exist a very great diversity in the qualificacapital and security 0 to hose parts-of the.mon tions of electors in tie several States; and even that need. the i:most. Indeed, it is.inttoot much within a State a' distinction of qualification proto ask of the States which are now resuming vailed with regard to the officers who were to their places~in the family of the Union to give be chosen. The. Constitution of the United this p ledge of perpetual loyalty and peace..States recognises- the diversities when it enjoins Until it is done, the past, however much we may that, in the choice of members of the House of desire it,:will not be forgotten. The adoption' Representatives of the United States, "the elecof the amendment reunites us beyond'ali power. tors ineach State shall have the qualifications of. disruption. It heals the wound that- is im-, requisite for electors of the most numerous perfectly closed; it removes slavery, the element branch of the State legislature.' After the which has so long perplexed' and divided. the formation of the Constitution, it remained, as country; it makes of us' once' more a united before, the uniform usage for each State to enpeople, renewed and- strengthened, bound.mr.e large the body of its electors, according. to its. than oever to mutual'affection and support.- own judgment; and, nunder this system, one'The amendment to the.CGonstitutitont being, State after another has' proceeded' to increase adopted, it would remain for -the. States,' whose'the number of,its electors, until now universal pow.ers have been so long in abeyaice, to re- suffrage, or something very near it, is the genesunme-their places in the two branches of the'na- ral rule. So fixed was this reservation of power tional legislature, and thereby complete the' in the habits of the people,;and so unquestioned work'of restoration. Here.it-is for you, fellow- has been the interpretation of the Constitution, citizens of the Senate, and' for you, fellow-citi- that during the civil war thelate President never zens of theI House of Representatives, to j:idge, harbored the purpose -certainly never avowed each of you for'yourselves, of the elections, re- the purpose —of disregarding it'; and'in the apts turns, and' qualifications of your;ow,, members. of Congress, during that period, nothing: can be'The full assertrion of the.powersof.the.:i ene- found which during the'continuance of hostili-, ral Government requires the lholding".of circuit ties, much less after their close, would havesanccourts of the United States within the districts tioned any departureby the Executive from a where their authority has been interrr upted. In' policy which has so uniformly obtained. Morethe-presenat posture of our public affairs, strong over, a concession of the elective franchise to objections have been urged to holding..those the freedmen,'by act of, the President of the courts in any ofthe Statesa where:the rbeilion United States, must' have been extended to all has''existed:;and ri it was ascertained, by inquiry, colored men, wherever,;found, and so must have that the circuit court of:the United States-would' established a change of'suffrage in the Northern, no hbe held within the district of Virgi nia:dur- Middle, and Western States, not less than in the 5 *66 POLITICAL' MANUAL.'Southern and.Sonithwestern. Such an act would. The career of free i.ndustry must be fairly opened have created a'new class of voters, andi.would to them': and then tleir future prosperity and have-been an'assumption of powerby the Presi- condition must, after all, rest mainly on them/dent.which nothing in the. Constitution or laws. selves. If'they fail, and soperish away,.let us:of'the United States. would have-warranted.: be careful'that the failure shall not be attribua'theother hand, every danger of conflict is table to: any.denial of justice. In all thatreavoided when the-settlement-of, the question is lates to the destiny of the freedmen, we!ieed referred to the several States. They can,.'each not be too anxious to read the future; many inforitself, decide on the measure,.and whether it cidents which, from a speculative point of view, is to.be adopted at once and absolutely, or intro- might raise-alarm, will quietly settle themselves. duced: gradually and with. conditions. In my.Now that slavery is at an, end or near its end, judgment, the.:freedmen, if. they show patience the greatness of its evil, in the point of view of and manly virtues, will sooner- obtain a partici- public economy, becomes more: and more apparpation in the elective franchise through the ent. Slavery was. essentially. a monopoly of States than through the General Governm.ent, labor, and. as. such locked the States where it even if it'had power to intervene. When the prevailed against the incoming of free industry.'tumult of emotions that have been raised:by the Where labor was' the propertv of the capitalist, suddenness of the social change shall have -sub- the, white man was. excluded from employment, sided, it may prove that..they will receive the or had but the second best chance of finding it; kindliest usage from some..of -those on whom and the foreign emigrant turned away from the.they have heretofore most closely depended..region w.here his condition would be so precariBut while I have no doubt that now, after the;ous.':.With the destructioh. of the monopoly, close of the war, it is not competent for- the: freelabor will hastenfrom all:parts of the civil-:General Government.to extend the elective fran- ized world to assist in developing various and imchise in the several. States; it is equally clear measulrable resources,which have hitherto lain that good faith requires.the security of the freed- dormant..:The eight or nine States nearest the men in their liberty and in their property, their Gulff Mexico h:ave a soil of exuberant fertility, right to labor, and their right to laim. the just a climate friendly to long life, and can sustain a return of their labor.'I cannot too strongly denseri population than is found as yet in any -urge a dispassionate treatment.of this subject, part of our.countrv. And the future influx of which should be carefully kept aloof from all population.,to them will be mainly from the party strife. We must equally avoid hasty as- North, or from the: most cultivated nations in sumptions of any natural. impossibility for,the Europe.. From the. sufferings that have attend-two races to live side-by side in a state of minu- ed them during our late. struggle, let us look tual benefit and good.will..The experiment away to the-future, which is sure to be laden involves us in no inconsistency;, let us, then, go for them with greater prosperity than has ever on and make that experiment in. good faith, and b.efore, been known. The removal, of the mo-not be-too easily disheartened. The country is nopoly of slave labor is a pledge.that those:rein need,of labor, and the freedmen are in need'gions will be peopled by a numerous and enterof employment, culture, and protection. While, prising population, which will vie with any in their right ofvoluntary migration andexpatria- the Union in compactness, inventive genius, tion is.ot to be questioned, I would not advise wealth, and industry..- their forced removal and colonization. Let us. rather encourage them to honoirable and useful Message on the late Insurrectionary States. industry; where it may be beneficial to them- -To the Senate of the United States: *Belves and to the country; and, insteadof hasty.n reply to the resolution adopted by the Senanticipations of the certainty of failure, let there ate on the 12th instant,. I have the honor to be nothing wanting.to the fair trial.of the ex- state that' the rebellion waged by a portion periment. The change: in their condition is the of the people. against the properly-constituted substitution, of labor by coutract for the status authorities of. the Government of the United of slavery.' The freedman' cannot fairly be ac- States has been.:suppressed;. that the United cused of unwillingness. to work, so long as a States are in possession of every State in which doubt remains about' his freedom of choice in the insurrection:existed.; and that, as far as his pursuits, and the certainty of his recovering could be done,.the: courts of the United. States his stipulated wages. InT this. the interests of have'been restored, ipost offices re-established, the-employer and the employed coincide. The and steps taken to put into effective operation employer desires in his workmen spirit and alac- the revenue laws of the country. rity,- and these can be permanently secured in As the result of the'measures instituted by no other way. And if-the one otight to be able the Executive,; with the view of inducing a to enforce the contract, so ought the other. The resumption of the functions of the States cornpublic interest will be best promoted if the sev- prehendedi.: th'e inquiry: of the Senate, the eral States will prtovide adequate:protection and people in;North Carolina, South Carolina, Georremedies for the freedmen. Until this is in gia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, some way accomplished, there'.is no chance for and Tennessee, have reorganized their respectthe advantageouu use of' their labor; and the -ive State govern:ments, and-'" are yielding obeblame of ill-success will not rest on them.. dience to the laws and Government of the UniI know that sincere philanthropy is earnest tedStates'.' with more willingness and greater for' the immediate realization, of -its remotest promptitude than under the circumstances could aims; but time is always an element in reform. reasonably have. been. anticipated. The proIt is one of the greatest -acts on'!record to have posed amendment to the Constitution, providbrought four millions of -people into freedom. ing, for the abolition of slavery forever within VYTOES: AND- VOTES. 67 the,limits of the- country, has been ratified by the'"scope of the inquiries made by the Senate each one of those States, with the exception of of the United States in their resolution of the' Mississippi, from'which no'official information 12th instant, -I have the.the honor:to submit the folhas yet been received;:and in nearly all of lowing: them measures have been adopted or are now With your approval, and also that of the honpending, to confer. upon. freedmen rights and orable Secretary of WarlI left:Washington.city privileges which are essential to their comfort, on the 27th of last month for.the purpose of protection, and security. In Florida and Texas making a tour of inspection through some of the the people: are making commendable progress Southern es, or State s'lately in rebellion, in testoring their State governments, and no and to see what changes were necessary to bd doubt'is entertained c:that:they will at an early made in the disposition of the military forces of period be in a'condition to resume'all of their the country; how these forces could be reduced practical relations to tlhe Federal Government. and expenses curtailed, &c.; and to learn, as -far In "that portion of the Union lately in re- as possible, the feelings and intentions of the bellion', the aspect of affairs is more promisinig citizens of those States' toward the General than, in view of all the circumstances, could Government. well have been exp.ected. _:The people through- - The' State of Virginia being so accessible to out the entire South evince a laudable desire- to Washington city, and information from this renew their allegiance' to the.Government, and quarter therefore being readily obtained, I hasto: repair the devastationsl ofw::ar by a:prompt tened through the State without conversing or and cheerful return to peaceful pursuits. An meeting with any of its citizens. In Raleigh, abiding faith is entertained that their actions North Carolina, I spent one day; in Charleston, will conforml to their professions, and that, in South Carolina, two' days; Savannah and Auacknowledging the supremacy of the Constitu- gusta, Georgia, each one day. Both in traveling tion'and. the laws of the United States, their and while stopping, I saw much and conversea loyalty will' be unreservedly given to the Gov- freely with the citizens of those States, as well ment, whose leniency they cannot fail to ap- as with officers of the army who have been stapreciate,. and whose fostering care willsoon tioned among them. The following are the conrestore.them to a condition of prosperity.. clusions come to by me: It5s:.true that in some of the"States the de- ~ I am satisfied that the mass of thinking men moralizing effects:of the war are to be seen in of the South accept the present situation of afoccasional (disorders;'but these' are local in fairs in good faith. "The questions which have character, not frequent -in occurrence, and are'heretofore divided the sentiments of the people rapidly disappearing as theauthority of civil law of.the two sections-slavery and States rights, is, extended and'su'stained. Perplexing ques- or the right of a State to secede from the Union tions were naturally to be expected from the -~they regard as having been settled forever by great' and sudden change in the relations be- -the highesttribunal-arms-thatman can resort tween the two races; but systems are gradually to. I was pleased to learn from the leading men devolopi-ng themselves under which the freed- whom I.m't,.that theynot only accepted the deman will receive the protection to which he. is cision arrived at as final, but, now that the justly entitled, and by means of his labor make smoke of battle has. cleared away. and time has himself a useful and independ(ent member of been given for reflection, that this decision has the community in wich hehas his.hom. been a ortunat for the whole country, they From all the information inmy possessio.n, and receiving like benefits from it with those who from that which I have recently derived from opposed them in the field -and in council. thsle most reliable authority,,I am induced to Four years of war, during which law was excherish the belief that- sectional animosity. is ecuted only at the point of the bayonet throughsurely and rapidly -mergingitself into a. spirit: out the States in rebellion, have left the people of nationality, and that representation,'con- possiblyin a conditio'nnot to'.yield that readynected witfh a properly-adjusted system of tax-' obedience to civil authority the American people ation, hwill result ina harmonious restoration have generally been in the:habit of yielding. of.the relations of the States to the national This would render the presence of small garriUJnion.., sons throughout those Statesnecessary until such The report of Carl Schurz.is-herewith'trans- time as lablor returns to its proper channels, and mittie.d;ias requested by the Senate-. No reports civil authority is fully established. I did not from _on. John Covode have bee- received by meet any one, either those holding places under the President. The attention of the Senate is the Government or citizens of the Southern invited to the accompanying report of Lieuten- States, who think it.practicable to withdraw the ant General Grant, who recently made a tour of military from the South at present. The white inspection through-.seveial of thle tates: whose and the black mutually require the protection inhabitants participatedin therebellion.. of. the General Government. DP.;~; AIl)EW JoNrbsoN.. There is such~ universal acquiescence in the au- WASxINGrTO, ID. C.,.December 185, 865. thority of the General Government throughout'the portions of the country.visited'by me, that Accompanying Report of General Grant. the mere presence of a military force, without HEADQUARTERS -ARMIES.OF THE U. S., regard to numbers, is sufficient to maintain order.; WASHreGrTPo, D: C.,, December 18, 1865. The good of the.country and, economy require ISIR:In reply to your note':of the 16th. inst., that the force kept in the interior, where there requesting a report from me giving such infor- are inany freedmen, (elsewhere in the Southern.mation' as; I mayY be possessed:6f, coiing within States than at:forts upon the sea-coast no force 68 POLITICAL MA NUAL. is neGesairy,) should all be white troops. The towns, and cities. In. such cases I think it will reasons for this are obvious without mentioning be found that vice and disease will tend to the inany of them. The p 0resence of:black troops, extermination, or great reduction of the colored lately slaves, demoralizeslabor both th heir ad- race. It cannodt be expected that the opinions yice and by furnishig in their camps ~a resort held by men at the'. South for years can. be for the freedmen for long distances around. changed in a day-; and therefore the freedmen WVhite troops generally excite no opposition, and require for a few years not only laws to protect therefore a small number of them can maintain them, but the fostering care of those who will order in a given district. Colored troops must give them good counsel, and in Whom they can be kept in bodies sufficient to-defend themselves. rely. -It is not the thinking men who would use violence The Freedmen's Bureau, being separated toward any class of troops sent among them by from the military establishment of the country, the General Government, but the ignorant in requires all the expense of a separate erganizacome cases might, and, the late slave seems to be tion. One does not necessarily know what the imbued with the idea that the property of his other is doing, or what orders they' are acting late master should by: right belong to:him,; or at under. It seems to me this could be corrected least should have no protection from the colored by regarding every officer on duty with troops? goldier. There'is danger of'collisions being in the- Southlern States as agents of the Freedbrought on by such causes.. men's Bureau, and then have all orders from tMy observations lead'me to the conclusion thehead of the bureau sent through department that the citizens of the Southern States! are anx- commanders. This would create a responsibility ious to return -to self-government within the that would secure uniformity of action throughUnion as soon as possible;' that while recoi- out,all'the South; would insure the orders and structing, they want and require protection from instructions from the head of the bureau being the Government; that they are in- earnest in carried out; and' would relieve from duty and. wishing to do what they. think is required by pay a large number of employes of the Governthe Government, not humiliating to-'" them as ment. citizens, and that if such a course was pointed I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your out they would pursue it in good faith. It is to obedient servant, U. S. GRA]iT, be regretted that there cannot be a greater' Lieutenant General. /commingling at this time between the citizens of His Excellency A. JoHNsoN, the two sections, ahd particularly of those in- President of the United States. trusted with the'laW-making power. I did not give the'operations of-the Freed- to f the Freedme's Burea Bill, February men's Bureau that attention' I would-have done 19, 1866 if more time had been atmy disposal. Conv.ersa- To the Senate of the United States: tions on the subject, however, withi officers con-. I have examined with care the bill'which nected with the bureau lead me to think that in originated in the Senate, and has been passed by so~meoftheStatesitsaffairshavenotbeen conduct- the two Houses of Congress, to amend an act ed with good judgment or economy, and that the entitled "An act to establish: a Bureau for the belief, widely spread among the freedmen of the relief of Freedmen and Refugees," and for other:. Southern States, that the lands of their former purposes. Having, with much regret, come to' owners will, at least in part, be divided among the conclusion that it would not be consistent them, has come from the agents of this bureau. with the public welfare to give my approval to This belief is seriously interfering With the will- the measure, I return the bill to the Senate with' ingness of the freedmen to make contracts for the my objections to its becoming a law,. coming year. In some form the Freedmen's I might call to mind, in advance of these ob-. Bureau[ is an absolute necessity until civil law jections, that there is-lo immediate necessity for is established and enforced, securing to the freed- the proposed measure. The act to establish a men their rights and fullprotection. Atpresefit, bureau' for the relief of freedmen and refugees, however, it is independent of the military es- which was approved in the', month of March. tablishment of the country, and' seems to. be last, has not yet expired. It was thought strinoperated by the:different agents of the bureau gent and extensive enough for the purpose in according to theiri'ndividuall'notions.:' Every- view in time of war. Before it ceases to have where General Hoi ard, the,able head of the effect, further experience may assist to guide' us bureau, made friends by the just and fairinstruc- to a wise conclusion as to the policy to be adopted tions and advice he gave; but the' complaint in in time of peace.' South Carolina was that when he' left' things "I share with'Congress.the strongest desire to wenton'as before. Many, perhaps the majority, secure to the fieedrmen the full enjoyment of of the' agents of the'Freedmen's Bureau advise their freedom and property, and their entire the freedmen that by their own industry they independence and equality inlmaking contracts must expect to live. To this enidthey endeavor for their labor; but the bill before me contains to secure employmen't for them, and'to see that provisions which., in my opinion, are not warboth contracting parties "comply with'their en- rahted''by the Constitution, and are not well gagements. In some. ihstances, I am sorry to suited toaccomplish the''hd"in view. say, the freedman's mind' does, not seem to be The bill proposes to establish, by authority of disabused: of the idea, that' a freedm.an has the Congress, miiitary jurisdiction- over'all parts of right to live withouti care or provision for:the. the United States.containing refugees and freedfuture. The effect of;:thetbelief-in'division of men. It would, by its very nature, applywith lands is idleness and accumUiti6iin in camps, most force to those parts of the United States in VETOES AND VOTES. 69 which the freedmen most abound-; dand it ex- a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, pressly extends the existing temporary jurisdic- except in cases arising in the land and naval tion of the freedmen's bureau, with greatly forces, or in the militia when in:actual service enlarged powNers, over thbos'e- States; "in which in, time of war or public danger;" and that "in the ordinary course of judicial proceedings. has all criminal prosecutions the accused shall enjoy been interrupted by the rebellion.". The source the right to a speedy and public trial, by an from which this military jurisdiction is to eman-.impartial'jury of the State or district wherein ate is none other than. the President of the United the crime shall have- been committed." The States, acting: through the War Department and.safeguards which the experienco and wisdom of "the Commissioner'of the Freedmen's Bureau. ages taught our fathers to establish as securities The agents to carry out this military jurisdiction'for the protection of the innocent, the punishare to be'selected either from the army or from ment of the guilty, -and the equal administracivil life; the country-is to be divided into' dis- tion of justice, are to be. set aside, and, for the tricts and sub-districts, and the number of salaried sake of a more vigorous interposition in behalf agents to be employed may: beequal to the num- of justice, we are to. take' the risks of the many her of counties or parishes'in all the United States acts of injustice that would necessarily follow where freedmen and refugees' are to be found. from an almhost countless number of agents, es-,.The subjects over which thisJ military juris- tablished in every parish or county, in nearly diction is. to extend in every part of. the United. a. third of' the States of the Union, over whose States include -protection to "all employ6s, decisions there is to be no supervision or eontrol agents, and officers of this bureau in the exercise by the federal courts. The power that would of the duties imposed" upon them by the bill. be' thus placed in the hands of the President is In eleven. States it is further to extend over all such as in tiime of peace certainly ought never cases affecting freedmen and refugees discrimin- to be intrusted to any one man. ated against" by local law, custom, or prejudice." If it be asked whether the creation of such a In those eleven States, the bill subj ects any white tribunal within a State is warranted as a measperson who may -be charged.with. depriving a ure of war,, the'question immediately presents freedman of " any civil rights or immunities.'be- itself whetherwe' are still engaged in war. Let longing to white persons" to imprisonment or us not unnecessarily disturb the commerce, and fine, or both, without, however,' defining the:credit, and industry of: the country, by declar"civil rights and immunities." whi.ch are thus to ing to the'American people and to the world'be'secured' to the freedmen by military law. that the United States are still in a condition of This military jurisdiction also extends to all civil war. At present there is no part of our questions that may arise respectiing contracts. country in which the authority of the United The agent who is thus to exercise.the office of a Statesis disputed'. Offences that may be commilitary judge may be a straniger, entirelydigno- mitted by individuals should not work a forrantof the laws of the place, and-:exposed to the feitare of the rights of whole communities. errors of judgment to which all men are liable. The'country has returned or is returning to a The exercise of power, over which there is no state of peace and industry, and the rebellion -legal supervision, by so vast.a number of agents is,-in fact, at an end. The mneasure, therefore, as is contempIlated by the bill, must, by the very seems to be as inconsistent with the actual connature of man, be attended by acts of caprice, dition of the country as it is at variance with injustice, and passion.. the Constitution of the United States. The trials, having their origin under this bill, If, passing from general considerations, we exare to take place without the interention of a amine.the bill in detail, it is open to weighty jury, and without any fixed rules of law or objections. evidence. Therules on which.offences are to be In time of war it was. eminently proper'that' heard and determined" by the:numerous agents we should provide for those who were passing are such rules and regulations -as the President, su~ddenly fiom a Condition of bondage to a state through the War Department, shall prescribe. of freedom.* But this bill proposes to make the No previous presentment is required, nor any indictmenit charging the commission of a. crimne I lhave obtained'from an official source the following r ogailnst.the laws;1:but- thie trial must proceed -on statement, not of the number of persons relieved, but hagainst thne laWs;'buthetricaio muh p ru ndmentla of the number of'rations issued by the Freedmen's Bucharges and specifications. The punishment reau, in each State, from June 1, 1865,'to April 1, 1866 —ten will be-not what the' law declares, but such as months: court-martial may think proper;; and from 4irginia...Rfees. Fedn. 1 l. 4,635 1j676;]27 1,680.762 these arbittrary tribunals there lies no appeal, North Carolina................ 4,474 902,776 907,450 no writ of error'to any, of t;he' courts in wThich South Caiolinsa and Georgia'24,974 861,653 886,62.7 the Constitution of the United.Stats vests eiclu- Aiaa...;....:. 879,353 34,21 1.,2356 Louisiana.......................... 4330 296,431' 300,761 sively the judicial power of the co-untry. Texas.:........................ 160,521 3,687 "While the territory and the classes of:actions Nississippi................. 33,489 308,391 3-11,880 Whilee thetaert ar amnde subjhect to athe tieoaure Arkansas.n.'s...... 1,004,862 715,572 1,720,434'ando0fences.th~at are.made~subject.t0't~he~measure,xAl........................ 1 iaentticky and Tennessee.... 87.180 306,960 394,140:are so extensive,. the bill itself, should it becme Districtof Columbia.......... 3,834 440626 414.460 a law, will have no limitation in point of time, -.but'will form a, part Of:thepermanent legisla-,02 5,87,2727,939 ibu t will formapat of te p mn entilegla-s Total'number of rations issued to freedmen for tion of the country., I cannot rfeconil' a sys- ten months.....................5,876,272 ten of mnilitary jurisdiction:of this.kind with Total number of rations issued to refugees........ 2,047,297 the words of.the Const.i!tution', which declare of ra ^Et 4n es.... l (( i ed~ -ne',~U^ i c Totali number of rations issuedeto whites and that' no person shall be. held to answer for a blacks f ten months, from June 1,1865, to capital or otherwise infamous' crime unless upon April 1,........................... 7,923,519 70 POLITICAL MANUAL. Freedmen'sBureau, establishedby the act of1865,; population. Any legislation.that shall imply as one of many great and extraordinary military that they are not expected to attain a self-susmeasures to suppress a formidable rebellion, a taining condition must have a tendency inj.uripermanent branch of the public administration, ous alike to their character and their prospects. with its powers greatly enlarged. I have no The appointment of an agent for'every county reason to suppose, and I do not understand it to and parish will create an immense atronage; be alleged, that the act of March; 1865, has proved. and the expense of the numerous ofcers and deficient for the purpose for which it was passed, their clerks, to be appointed by the President, although at that' time, and for a considerable will be great in the beginning, with a tendency period thereafter, the Government of the United steadily to increase. The appropriations asked States remained unacknowledged inmost of the by the Freedmen's. Bureau, as now established States whose inhabitants had been involved.in for the year 1866, amount to. $11,745,000. It t'he rebellion. Thieinstitution of slavery, for the may be safely estimated that the cost to.be inmilitary destruction of which the Freedmen's curred under the pending bill will require double Bureau was called into-existence-as an auxiliary, that amount-more than the entire sum expended has been already effectually and.finally abroga- in any one year under the administration of the ted throughout the whole country byan amend- second Adams. -If the presence of agents in ment of the Constitution of the United States, every parish and county is to be considered as a and practically its eradication has received the war measure, opposition, or even resistance, assent'and concurrence of most-of those States in might be provoked; so that, to give effect to which it at any time had an existence. I am their jurisdiction, troops would have to. be stanot, therefore, able to discern in the condition of tioned.within reach of every one of them, and the country- anything to justify an apprehension thus a large standin.g force be rendered necesthat the powers and agencies of the Freedmen's sary. Large appropriations would, therefore, Bureau, which were effective for the protection be required to; sustain and enforce military juof freedmen and refugees during.the actual con- risdiction in.every county or' parish from the tinuance of hostilities and of African servitude, Potomac to the Rio Grande. The condition of will now, in a time of peace,~and after the abolition our fiscal affairs is encouraging; but, in-order to of slavery, prove inadequate to the same proper sustain the present measure of public confidence, ends. If I am correct in these views there can it is necessary that we practice, not merely cusbe no necessity for the enlargement of the pow- tomary economy, but,: as far -as possible, severe ers of the bureau for which provision is.made in retrenchment. the bill. ~'.... In addition to the objections already stated, The third section of the-bill authorizes a gen-the fifth section of the bill proposes to take eral and unlimited grhnt of support: to-the des- away land from its former owners without any titute and suffering refugees and freedmen, their legal proceedings being first had, contrary to wives and children. Succeeding sections make that provision of the Constitution which declares provision for the rent or purchase of landed es- that no person shall " be deprived of life, liberty, tates for freedmen, and for the erection for their or property without due process of law." It benefit of' suitable buildings for asylums and does not appear that a part of the lands to schools-the expenses to be defrayed from the which this section refers may not be owned by treasury of the whole people. The Congress of minors, or persons of unsound mind, or by those the United States has never heretofore thought who have been faithful to all their obligations itself empowered to establish asylums beyond as citizens of the United States. If any porthe limits of the District of Columbia, except for tion of the land is held'by such persons, it is not the benefit of our disabled soldiers and sailors. competent for any authority to deprive them of It has never founded'.schools for any class of it. If, onthe other hand, it be found that the our own people; not even for the orphans of property is liable to confiscation, even then it those who have fallen in the defence of the cannot be appropriated to public purposes until, Union, but has' left the careof education to the, by due process of law, it shall have been demuch more competent and efficient control of clared forfeited to the Government. the States, of communities, of private associa- Thereis still. further objection to the bill on tions, and of individuals. It. has never deemed grounds seriously affecting the class of persons itself authorized to expend the public money for to whom it is designed to bring relief. It will the rent or purchase- of homes for the thousands, tend to keep the mind of the freedman in a not to say millions, of the white race who are state of uncertain expectation and restlessness, honestly toiling from day to day for their sub- while to those among whom he lives it will be sistence, A system for the support of indigent a source of constant and vague apprehension. persons in the United States was- never contem- Undoubtedlythe freedmanshouldbe protected, plated by the authors of the.'Constitution; nor but he shouldbe protected by the civil authorities, can any good reason be advanced why as aper- especially by the exercise of all the constitutional nianent establishment, it should be founded for powers of the courts of the United States and of one class or-color of our..people more' than an- the States. His condition is not so exposed as may other. Pending the wvar many refugees and at first be imagined. He is in a portion of the freedmen received support from the Government, country where his labor cannot well be spared. but it was never intended that they should Competition for his services from planters, from thenceforth be fed, clothed,, educated, and shel- those who are constructing. or repairing railtered by the United States. The idea on which roads, and from capitalists in his vicinage, or the slaves were assisted to freedom was, that on from other States, will enable him to command becoming free they would be a self-sustaining almost his own terms. He also possesses a per VETOES: AND- -VOTES. 71 ~fect right to change his: place of abode;' a-nd if, of the people of that portion of the country is:therefore; he -does notlnfin:ini one community'or an additional.reason why:they need, and should State a mode of life; suitedto his desires, or have, Representatives of their own in Congress, proper remuneration for: his'labor, he can move to. explain their condition, reply to accusations,:to another, where.that labor is more esteemed and assist, by their local knowledge, in the perand-better rewarded..:In truth, however, each fecting of measures immediately affecting thenState,, induced by its, own'- wants.and. interests, selves.. While the liberty of deliberation would will do what is necessary and proper, to retain then be free, and, Congress would have full within its, borders all -the labor. that is needed power to decide according'to its judgment,:for the de.velopment of: its resoutrces/.: - The laws tbere could be no objection.urged that the States that regulate supply and demand'will maintain -most interested had not been permitted to be their force, and the wages of the laborer will heard....The:principle is: firmly fixed in the be regulated thereby. There is',no danger! that minds of. the.Amer.icanmpeople, that there should the exceedingly great demand for labor will be no taxation: without'representation. Great not operate in: favor of theblaborer. burdens have. now to be borne by all the counNeither is sufficient corsideration given to the try, and,we may best demand that they shall be.ability of the freedmento protect: and- take care borne without murmur when'they are voted by.of themselves. It ig no more-than justice to them a majority of the representatives of all the peoto believe that as they hav/e re-ceived.,their free-, pie. I would not. interfere with the unqcuesdom with moderation and' forbearance, so they tionable right of' Congress to judge, each house will distinguish themselves by their in.dustry and for itself, " of the elections, returhs, and qualifithbrift;,ancl soon show the. orld that in a condi- cations of its own members." But that authorti on of'~redomn they are self-sustaining,'capable ity cannot be construed as including the right of selecting their own employment and their.own to shut out, in. time of peace, any State fropn the places of abode, of insisting for themselves on a representation to which it is entitled by the proper remuneration;,'and0 of establishing and Constitution. At present all the people of eleven maintaining thetir own, asylums and schools.. It States are excluded-those who were most faithis earnestly hoped. that, instead of was.ting away, ful during the war not:'less than others.' The they will, by their own-efforts, establish for-them- State of Tennessee, for instance, whose authoriselves a condition-of tespe:ctability and-prosperity.' ties engaged in rebellion, was restored to allher It is certain-tha-tthey can attaintothat condition constitdtional relations to. the Union by the paonly throaugh their-ownmerits and':6xertions. triotism and energy of.her injured and betrayed In. sconnexio the query..iresents itself people. Before the war. was brought to a terwhether the system proposed by thebill will not, mination they had placed themselves in relawhen put' into complete operation," pratically tions with the General Government, had estabtransfer the', entire care, support, and control of lished a'State government of their own, and, as four millions of emancipatecd slaves to agents, they were not included in the emancipation procoverseers, or task-masters,'Who,, ap.p.ointed at lamation, they, by thei. own act, had amended'Washington, are: to be, located in every county their constitution so as to abolish slavery within and parish throughout the United States contain- the limits of their State. I know no reason why ing freedmen and ref gees? Sucha wsystem would the State of Tennessee, for example, should not inevitably tend to a. concentration of power in the fully enjoy "all her constitutional relations to Executive, which would enablehim, ifisb disposed, the United States." to control the action o f':this numerous class, and The President of the United States stands touse them for the attainment of his own political wards the country hi a somewhat different attiends.. tude from that of any member of: Congress.' I cannotbut add: an0othervery grave objection Each member of Congr'essis chosefi from a sin-'tothis bill:. TheConstitution. imperatively de- gle district or State; the President is chosen by dlares, in connection with: taxation that each the people of all the States. As eleven States State SHALL have, at least, one. Representative, are not athis time representedin either branch and fixes the rule- for the:number to which, in of Coigress, it would seem to be his duty, on -future times, each State shall be entitled. pIt all propel occasions, to present their just claims,aliso.' provides that,': the.Senate of'the:'nited to Congress. There'always'will be differences Btates SHALL be composed of two Senators' from of opinion in the comminity, and individuals each'State; and. adds, withipeculiar force, "that may be guilty of transgressions of the law, but no State, Without its cdisent, shall be deprived these do not constitute valid objections against of its-equal suffrage in,the Senate."' The:origi- the right of a State to representation. I would nal act.was.necessarily: passed in the absence of in riowise interfere with the discretion of Conthe' States chiefiy to be'-affeoted, because their gress with regard to the qualifications of mem-.peoplke were, then:con'tumaciously engagedin the bers;. but I hold, it, my duty to recommend to rebellion.' Now t'he case is'changed,.-and some, _you, in the interests'of peace and' in the interests at least, of those States are atteniding" Congress of Union', the admission of every State, to its by loyal representatives; soliciting the allow- share in public legislation, when, however inance-of the constitutional' right of:repre senta- -subordinate, insurgent, or rebellious its people tion. At the.time: however, of the'cnsisdera- may have been, it presents itself'not.nly in an tion and the passage of1thi'bil, lthere was.no attitude, of loyalty,; and harmony, but m the.Senator or Representat:ive:in Congress ~from the persons of representatives wlhose loyalty caneleven States which -—.are-'to be mainly'-affected notbequestiorned'n.e'. any existing constituby its provisions.:The Very fact that reports:tional or legal test. It is plain that an indefinite weQ.rfd ua.-. adre..5gi ansti'the, ogood disposition or permanent ~xclusion of any part of the '7i2:~POLITIOAL. MANUAL. country. from representation must be attended.'0onstitution itself, and. from the actual situation by a spirit ofdisquiet and complaint. It is un- of the country, I feeli notonly entitled, but bound wise and dangerous to pursue a course of meas- -to assume that, with:the federal courts restored, ures which will unite a very large section of the and those of the several -States in the full exercountry against another section of the country,. cise of their functions, the rights and interests of however much the latter, may preponderate. all classes of the people will, with the aid of the The course.of emigration, the development of military in cases of resistance to. the laws, be industry and business, and, natural causes, will essentially protected, against unconstitutional raise up at the South men as devoted -to the infringement or violation. Should this expecUnion as those of any other part of. the'land. tation unhappily -fail, which I do, not anticipate, But if they are all'excluded from Congress; if; then the Executive is already fully armed with in a permanent statute, -they are" declared not the powers conferred by the act of March, 1:865, to be in full constitutional relations to the establishing the-lFreedmen's Bureau, and here-.country, they may think they. have cause to be- after, as heretofore, he can: employ the land and come a-unit in feeling and sentiment against the naval forces of the country to suppress insurrec-.Government. Under the political -education of tion or to overcome: obstructions to the laws. the American'people, the:idea is: inherent and In accordance with the Constitution I return and ineradicable, that the consent6f the majority;the bill to the Senate; in' the earnesthope that a -of the whole people is.- necessary to secure a measure, involving questions and interests so willing acquiescence in legislation:' important to the country will not become a law, - The bill under consideration. refers to certain unless, upon deliberate consideration by the peoof the States as though they had not'been ple, it shall receive the sanction of an enlightened fully restored in all their constitutional relations public judgment.;:' ANDR EW JorHNSON. to the United States." If they have not, let us WASHINGTON, Febrar 19,' 1866. at once act together to secure that desirable end - at the earliest possible moment. It is hardly Copy of the Bill Vetoed. necessary for me to'inform Congress that, in my AN ACT: to amend an act entitled "An act, to own judgment, most of those States, so far, at establish a Bureau for the-relief of Freedmen least, as depends upon' their own adtion, have and Refugees," andfor other purposes. already been fully restored, and are to be deemed Be it enacted, &c., That the act to establish a as entitled to enjoy their constitutional rights ~ s s. B en, B, Brookshanr, ro as members of the Union — Reasoning from the D)awsonEldridgk;Gnoeo, Brenner, Good-ner, orider, _ ~ ~.' ". -~ —-~ )'- ~' ~ ~'~~ ~~ ^_____t-lHale, Aaron Haird'ing; Hogan, HIu mphrey,' kerr, Latham, ~ In r~esponse to this ~this3 action - l Marshall,'McCullbugh; Newel!, Niblack, Nicholson, Phelps, ~ ln response to this suggestion; fthis' action took place in Radferd,,Samul IJ. anzdall, Raymond, Ritter, Rogers, conegressl: g ttg~'~ r ~:.:' Ross, ousseau, Shanklin',S'itgreaves, Smith, Taber, Taylor, When Representatives shall be, Admitted. from Thornton, Trimble,- Voorhees, Whaley, Wright —4Q. States declared in Insurrection.. February 21-A motion to reconsider the IN HousE. above vote having been entered, Mr. Stevens February 20, 1866 —Mr. Stevens, from the "moved to lay it on the table; which was agreed Committee on Reconstruction, reportbd' hi to-yeas 108,nays 3 as ollow concurrent resolution:. YEAS-Messrs. Allison, Andersh, Delos R. Ashley, James u M.Ashley, Baker, Baldwin, B asrker, Baxter, Beaman,,soved by the'Mose of 2epresenttatives, Benjamin, Bidwel.l,.Bingham, l31aine, Boutwell, Brande(the Senate concurring,) That, in order to close gee, Bromnwell, Broomall,Buckland, Reader W. Clarke, Cobb, agitation upon a. quea tion w-h ich seqems likely to Conkling, Cook, Cullom, D'awe De frees, Deming, Donnelly, dsurbthe acti on of' teGvernment, ae s i wely l Driggs, Dumont, Eckley, Eggleston.'Eliot, Farquhar, Ferry, disturb n thle action'ofQt i Ge Ovye~rnm~en t, as w~ell: Garfield, Grinnell, Griswold, Abner C. Harding, [-art, Hayes, as to quiet' the uncertainty which is agitating Henderson', ligby, Holmes, Hoo.per,: Asahel W. Hubbard,.th minds of the people of the ele ven St't Demas Hubbard, -jr., John HI. Ilubbard, James R. Hlubbell, e en Hulburd, Ingersoll, Jenckes, Julian, Kelley, Ketcham, 5afwhich have been declared to be.i-in - surrection, ln, George V. Lawience, Williatm Lawrence, Loan, Longyear, no Senator or Representative shall be admitted Lynch, Mlrston,.Ma'rvin, McClurg, Mclndoe, McRuer, Merinto either brancih o f Congress fronm anyy f said cur, Moorhead, Morrill3Morris, Moulton, O'Neill, Orth, Paine, Perham, Pike; Plants, Pomeroy, Price, William H. Randall, States until Congress shall have,declared such Alexander H. Rice, John i. Rice, Rollins, Sawyer, Schenck, State entitled to suih representatioun'.' Scoield, She.llabarger:, Sloan, Spalding, Starr, Stevens, Which was agreed t.yeJs 109, nays 40, as Thayer, Francis Thomas, John L. Thomas, jr., Trowbridg, VVil men was agreea t yeas JLUJ., nays as ^S^Upson, Van Aernam, Burt Van Horn, Ward, Warner, Ellihu follow: B. Washburne, WilliamB;Washburn, Welker, Wentworth,' YEAs-~Messrs. Allison[, Anderson, James M. Ashley, Baker, Willians, James, F. Wilsbn, Stephen F. -Wilson, WindomBaldwin,: Banks, Baxter, Beaman, Benjaiin, Bidwell, Bing- ~.', ham.;,-Blaine, Boutwell, Brandege,: Brmwell, Broomallsrs. nconBoye, Books, Buckland, Sidniey- Clarke, Cobb,, Coqnlkling,: Cook, Cul!om', Daeson, Delano,..Dernison m,, Eldqidge, l'inck, Glossbrenner, Dawes, Defrees, Deming, Donnelly, Driggss, Eckley. Eggles- odea, G er, Robert S. Hale, Hogan, Ed. Hubbl, toi, Eliot, Farnsworth, Farquhar, Feriy, arfield, Giinnell, Ke m, ashall llog,Gris61ld, Abner. C. Harding, Hart, I-Iayes, enderson, Newel, Niblack, Nicholson,. Noel, Phelp6s,Radford, Ritter, Higby, H1olmes, IHooper, Hotchkiss,. Asahel W. Hubbard, Rogers, Ross, Rousseau, Shanklit, S.itgr~eves, Strouse, Taber,,Chester D. Hubbard, Demas Hubbard.jr., John H. Hubbard, Taylor, rible, Whaley-388'.. James R; Hubbell, Hulburd, ln'igrsll, Jenckes, Julian,' March 2-Tlhe SENATE passed the resolutionKelley, Kelso, Ketcham, Laflin, Geogo V. iLawreice, Wil:-w s liam Lawrence, Loan,o on gyear, Lynh, arston, TcClui'g, ye Mclndoe, McKee, McRuer,.Me rcur, Moorhead, Morrill, YEAS —Mssrs. Anthony,'Brown,. Chandler, Clark, Con-'Morris, Mo0ulton, Myers, O'Neill', tOrd tPai ne, Patterson; ness, Cragin, Creswell, Fessenden, Foster, Grimes, Harris, Perham, Pike, Plants, Pomeroy, Price, William H.anRa HendallHendrson, Howe, Kirkwood, Lane of Indiana, Morrill, Nye, John H.: Rice, Sawyer, Schenck S.oie id, Sliellabarger, Poland, Pomeroy,;. Ramsey, Shermanri, Sprague, Sumner, Sloan, Spalding, Starr, Stevens, Thaye,;John L. Thomas, Trumbull, Wade, Williams, Wilson, Yates-29.: 5Ji., Trowbridge, Upson, an'''Aefnain'Buirt Van I-IHorn, - NAYS-'Messrs.'Bu'ckalew., Cowan, Dav.is, Dixon, Doolittle, Ward, Warner, Ellihu'B. Washbuirne, Willi'am B. Washbirn, Guthrie, Hendric'ks, Johnson, Lane of Kaiisas,:i.cDougalb, Welker, Wentworth,. Williams, James P. Wilson, Stephen Morgan,: Nesmithi, Norton,: Riddle:, SaulSbury~': gtewart, F. Wilson, Windom,& Woodbidge-19. i Stockton, Van Winkle —18. VETOE.S AND VOTES'. 73 bureau for the relief of'freedmen and'refugees, Florida, Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana, and approved,March. three', —eighteen hundred and Arkansas, not exceeding in all three millions of sixty-five, -shall'continiue in force until-otherwise acres of good land;'and'the commissioner, under provided by law, and shall extend to refugees the direction of the'President, shall cause the and freedmen in all parts'of the United States; same from time to time to be allotted and asand the President may divide the section of coun- signed, in parcels not exceeding forty acres each, try containing such refugees and freedmen into to the loyal refugees and freedmen, who shall be districts,:each containirgi one or'more. States,,protected in the use and enjoyment thereof for not to exceed twelve.in number, andi by.-and such term of time and at such annual lrent as with the advice and consent of the Senate, ap- may be agreed on between the commissioner and point an assistant commissioner for each of said'such refugees. or freedmen. The rental shall be districts, who shall give, like bond, receive'the based upon a valuation of the land, to be ascercompensation, and perform the duties prescribed tamined: in such mhanner as the commissioner may, by this and the act to which:ths''is' an amend- under the'direction of the President, by regulation ment; orsaid bureau may, in the discretion of prescribe. At th'e'en'd of such ierm, or sooner, the President, be placed.under a commissioner if the commissioner'shall assent thereto, the and assistant commissionersi to be detailed from occupants of any: parcels':so assigned, their heirs the army; in' which event each ofcer so'assigned and assigns, may purchase the land and receive to duty shall serve:without increase, of pay..ior a title thereto from the United States in fee, upon allowances.:'-'.:i:': payingtherefor:the value of the laid ascertained.SE. 2. Tha ithe commissioner,'i tthe a st- as-aforesaid.:'pr.oval.of the President, and.when the:'same SEc. 5. That the occupants of land under shall be:.necessary forthe operations of the bu- Major General' Sherman's.special field order, reiau, may divide each district into a number'of dated at Savannah, January sixteen, eighteen sub- districts, not to' exceed the number of,coun-' hundred and sixty-five; are'hereby confirmed in ties or parishesk in such district, and shall assign their possession for the' period of three ye'ars to each sub-distiic atat least: ne agen, eiither a from the date of said order; and no person shall citizen, officer of the army, or. enl eisted m be'disturbedin or ousted from said possession who, if an officer, shall serve without additional during said three years, unless a settlement shall Ofniensation or allo wance, and if. a citizen or be'nade with said' occupant, by the ~former enlisted man, shall receive a salary of not less. owner, his heirs or'assigns, satisfactory to the than:five hundred'dollars nor more than twelve commissioner of the Freedmen's Bureau: Prohundred dollars annually, according to the ser' r- ided, Thatwhenever the former owners of lands vices rendered, in full compensation.for such occupied under General Sherman's field order services; and such' agent shall, before entering sh'sall make application' for restoration of said on..the duties. of his office,'take theate oath' pre- lands the'commissioner'is, hereby authorized, scribed-in the'first section of the act tq which upon the agreement andi with the.written conthis is an amendment. And the commissioner sent of said occupants, to' procure other lands may, when the:.same shall.be necessary, assign.for them by rent or purchase, not exceeding forty to eaich assistant: commissioner not exceeding acres for each occupant, upon the terms and conthree clerks, and to each'of.l;said agents oanu ditions named in section four of -:this act, or to clerk, at asn annual salary not exceeding one set apart for them, out of the public lands asthousand dollars each', provided':suitable clerks signed for that purpose' in section four of this cannot be detailed from the army.' And tlhe act, forty acres each, upon the same terms and President of the United States, through the War conditions. Department and the commissioner, shall extend SEc. 6. That the commissioner shall, under the military jurisdiction and protection over all em- direction"'of the President, procure in the name ploys, agents, and officers of this bureau in the of the United States, by:grant or purchase, such exercise of the duties imposed.or authorized' by lands within the districts aforesaid as may be this act or the' act to which this is additional.:required for refugees and freedmen dependent on SEC. 3. That the- Secretary of:War-:may direct the Government for support; and he shall prosuch:i ssues'of provisions, clothing, fuel,'and vide or cause to be erected suitable buildings for other supplies, including medical stores and asylums anid sdhools.. -But no such purchase transpotati6n, and afford'such aid, medical or shall be made, nor contract for the same entered otherwise, as he may de.em needfulfor the im-; into, nor other expense incurred, until after apmediate and temporary shelter and supply of prdpriations shall have been provided by Condestitute and' suffering refugees and'freed'men, gres for such purposes. And no payment shall their wives and children, under such rules and b made for lands purchased under this section, regulations as he may direct': Proided,'That except for asylums and schools,' from any moneys no lperson shall'be deemeid "destitte' " suffer- not specifically appropriated therefor. And the ing," or "dependent upon the Government for icommissioner shall cause such lanids from time support," within.thie meaning of this act, who, to time to be valued, allotted, assigned, and sold being able to find employment, could by proper in' manner and f6orm provided in thefourth secindustrl and exertion avoid suchl destitution, lion of this act, at a price- not less than the cost suffering, or depefdence..'' thereof to the United. States..'.SE. 4. That the P'resident is here by author- SEa.7. That wvheneverin any'State ordistrict ized' to reserve'from sale, or from:settlemen.t, in which the ordinary course of judicial prounder the homestead or pre-emption'laws, and to ceedings has been interrupted by:the rebellion, set apart for'the use of freeddmen and lo'yal refu- and wherein, in consequence- of any State'or gees, male or female, undccupied public lands in local law, ordinance, police or other regulation, 74 POLITICAL: MANUAL. custom, or prej udice, any of'the civil rights,or Foster, Grimes, Harris, Henderson, Howard, Howe, Kirk immunities belonging to, white persons, inclu- wood, rl of Kandss, Sheran rrill, Ndrton, Nye,'Poland,~ Pome'oyRamsey, i Sherman, Sprague, ding the right ito make and enforce contracts, to Stewart. Surmner, TrumbullJ Van Winkle, Wade, Williams, sue, be parties, and give evidence, to inherit, Wilson,Yates-37. purchase, lease, sell, o a convey rea and covmson c DougalliddlSaulst okto ig p~urchase, ]einse, selllholdnd a convey real an N iAYs-lMessrs. Btuckali', Davis, Gutlzrie, Ilendricks, personal property, and to have full and equa;l. Mo, o ribenefit of all laws.'.and-proceedings for.the. IN HOUSE. security of person and estate, including the February-6-The bill passed-yeas 137, nays constitutional right of bearing arms, are refused 33, as follow: or denied to negroes, mulattoes, freedmen, refu-, YEAs-Messrs. Alley, Allion, Ames, Andeson, Delos. gees, or. any other persons, on account.of race, Ashley, James M. Ashley, Baker,.Baldwin, Banks, Barker, color, or any previous condition of slavery or Baxter, Beaman,Benjamin,Bidwell, Bingham, Blaine, Blow, involhntary i owherein they. or a Bo'utwell, Brandegee, BronmWell, Broonisall, Bunidy, Reader involuntary servitude, or w ein Clarke SidneyCrlarke,Cobb, Conkling, Cook, Cullom, of them are subjected to. any other-or different Darling, Davis, Dawes, Defrees, Delano, Deming, Dixoh, punishment, pains,.or penalties, for the commis- Donnelly, Driggs, Dumiont, Eckley, Eggleston, Eliot, Farnssion of any act or, offenc tha p are p, escribed- worth,'Farquhar, Ferry-Garfi'eld, Grin'nell', Griswold, Hale, sion f any act or oence ta. are prescribed Abner C. Harding, Harft, Hayes, HIenderson, Iigby, Hill,' for white persons committing. like acts. r: offen- Holmea, -Hooper,. Hotchkiss,, Asahel W. Hubbard, Chester ces, it shall be the duty of- the -President of the D. HubbaCrd, Demas Hubbard, JohnH. I-Iubbard, James R. United States, through the commissioner, to ex- Hubbeli James Humphrey, Ingersoll, Jenckes, Julian, Kas son,:mKelley, Kelso,8 Ketcham, Kuykendall, Laflin, Latham, tend military protection and jurisdiction over George V. Lawrence, William Lawrence, Loan, Longyear,.all cases affecting such persons so discriminated Lynch, Marston, Marvin, McClurg, McIndoe, McKee,'.1 gas e afeing sh rsto. o. -i ei. MMcRue,-Mercir, Miller, Moorhead, Morrili, Miorris, Moultosi,-Myers, Newell, O'Neill, Orth, Paine, Patterson, Perham, SE;C. 8.,That any person who, under color of Phelps, Pike,.Plants, Pomeroy, Price,,William H. Randall, any State or local, law, ordinance, police, or other Raymond, Alexander H. Rice, John I. Rice, Rollins, Sawregulation or custom,. shall, in any State ordis- yer, Schec'Solnd, Shellabager, Sln; Smith Spaldling Starr, Stevens, Stilwell; Thayer; Francis Thomas; John trict in which: the ordin ary course.of..judicia L.!Thomas, Trowbridge,jUpson, an Aernam, Burt Van Horn, proceQdings has been interrupted.. by the rebel- Robert T. Van HornWard, adWarner, Ellihu B, Washburne, lion, subject, or cause'to be subjected', any negro,; illiam B.,Washburn; We lkeren, Vlentilsoni, Wy, Wil-, liams,;James F.'Wilson, Stephen F. Wilson, Windom, Woodmulatto, freedman,.refugee, or other person,.on bridge-137... account of race or color, or. any previous con-: NAYS —Messrs. Boyer, Brooks, Chanler, Dawson, Eldridge, ~~''FcK, Glossb}renn'er, Gri'der, AaronlLarding, Harris,llo~', dition of slavery, or involuntary. servitude, or ganc E N, Jaes M.ossbeprier, rier, arn Hard g, Le Blon gan,: Edweni''. Hubbell, James M.. Humphrey, eir, Le Blond, for any other cause, to the d'eprivation of any. laqrslsall, Mc.CGullough, Nibluackc, lVicholson,J:Noell,.Saue civil right secured to white, persons, or to any J'.Randall, Ritter, Rogers, Ross, Rousseau, Shanklin, other or different punishment than. white per- iea, rse, ber Tyor, Tw nto, Trimble, sons are subject to for the commission of.like Wrigh..acts or. offences, shall be.deemred. guilty.of a. February 21-In Senite, the vote on passing o omisdemeanore, andsb-,pnisbd y fuine not v x-, the'bill, notwithstanding the objections of the lrllscdemeanorXr,;.stn a..Vse.p.nsne( by i.ne I I resiept, 4was-yeas 30, nIays 1lS8 as -follow: ceeding one. thousand dollars, or imprisonment r ent was-yes 30, nays asfollow ~YE'AS~-Messrs. Anthony:Brown, Chandler, Clark, Conness, not exceeding one year, or both; and it shall be Cgi asessrws. ssthden, Foster, G ri es, ar s, Hen Cragin, Creswell, Fessenden, Foster, Grimes, IHlarriss Henthe duty of the officers and agents of this.bu- derson, IHoward Howe, Iirkwood, Lane of Indiana, Lane reau to take jurisdiction of, and. hear and detter- of Kansas, Morrill, Nye, Poland, Pomeroy, lamisey, Sher-.........^' ~ j..u.' - ~ man, Sprague,Sumer, Trumull,'Wade,'Williams, Wilson, mine all offences committed against the provi- YIas prague, Smne, Tru. bll,'W,ilson, sions of this section, and also of all cases affect- NAYS Messes, Buca7LZew, Cowan, Davis, Dixon,Doolittle, ing negroes, mulattoes, freedmen, refugees, or Guthrie, Hendricks, JohLzson,McDougall, Morgan, Nesmith, other persons w~ho are discriminated..gains.'t in. Norton, Riddle, Saulsbury, Stewart, Stoakton,' Van. Winkle, otier persons who arediscriminated against in,. Wihley-15 anyof the par.ticulars;mentioned.in-.the prece Two-thrds nothaving voted therefor the bill ding section: of this act, under such rules and. f- l -... -.a regulations as the President of the United States,.. through the War Department,.shall prescribe.- Veto of'the Civil Rights Bill, March 27,1866. The jurisdiction conferred by this.and thepre-: To thieenateof the United tates: ceding section on-.the officers and agents of this. I regret that the bill which has passed both b.ureau shall cease and.determine wheneverthe Houses of Congressentitled'An at toprotect discrimination on. account of.which it is.con- allpersonsin the United-Statesinther civil ferred ceases, and in no event to be exercised in rights, and furnish the means'of their vindicaany State in. wlich the ordinary course of-judi- tion;, contains provisions' which I cannot apcial proceedings has not been interrupted by.the proye, consistently with my sense of'duty to the rebellion, nor in any such State after said'tate whole people, and my obligations to the Constishall have been.fully restored in all its constitu- tih'ofthe United States. I am therefore contional.. relations. to- the United States, and the strained to return Ait to the Senate, the house in:.courts of the Stat tendofhe nitedStates.which it ginated, wth my objections to its within,-the same are not.disturbed or stopped.in'ecoming:' aw....: the' peaceable course of Justice. -'... - ri By' the first section of the bill all persons born SE.L 9. Tha all acts, or'.parts of acts,incn- i te United Staes, and not subject to any forsistent' with the provisionsof this act, are here.. eign power, exciuding' Indlans not taxed, are deby repealed. clared to be citizens of the United States. This *.The v.otes on passing.this bill were-.-provision comprehend:i. the Chinese of the Pa-::.~ IN SE^NATE. -ciific States, Indians subject to taxation, the peo~i866, January 25:-The bill passed —yeas.37, ple called Grpsies, as well as' thie entire race desnays-O 10 as follow.'.:. ignated as-blacks, people of color, negroes, muYEAS-Messrs. Anthony, Brown, Chandler, Clark, Con- latto esand'persons of:African blood. Every ness, cragin, Creswell, Dixon, Doolittle,, Fessenden, Foot, indi:vidual of these races, born in the United VETOES AND VOTES. 75 States, is- by the bill made a citizen.of theUnited land their home, must uindergo a probation of five States. It does not purport:to declare or confer years, and can only then become citizens upon any other right of citizenship than federal citi- proof that they are "of good moral character; zenship. It.does notpurporttogive these classes attached to the principles of the Constitution of of persons any status, as citizens of States, ex-, the United States, and well disposed to the good cept that,which may result from their status. as order and happiness of the same." citizens of the United States. The power to con- The first section of the bill also contains an fer the right. of State citizenship is just as ex- enumeration of the rights to be enjoyed by these clusively with the several States as thepower to classes, so made citizens,' in every: State and confer the right of federal citizenship is with Territory in the United States." These rights Congress. are, "tomake and enforce contracts, to'sue, be The right of federal citizenship thus'to be con- parties,'and give evidence; to inherit, purchase, ferred on the several excepted races before men- lease, sell, hold, an'd. convey real and personal tioned, is now,,for the first time, propos'edto ibe property;" and to have "full and equal benefit of' given by law., If, as is claimed, by many,all allllaws and proceedings for the security ofperson persons who arenative-born:already are, by virtue and property as is enjoyed by white citizens." of the Constitution, citizens of the United States, So, too, they are made subject to the-same punishthe passage of the pending bill cannot.be.neces- ments, pains, and penalties'in common with white sary to make them such.: If,:on the other hand, citizens, and.to none'other. Thus a perfect such persons are not citizens, as may be assumed equality of the'white -and colored races is atfrom the proposed legislation to make them such, tempted to be fixed.by federal law in'every State the grave question presents itself, whether, whenl of the Union, over the vast field of State jurisdiceleven of the thirty-six States' are unrepresented tion covered by' these enumerated:rights. In no in Congress at the-presenttime, it'is soundpolicy one of these can ary State ever exercise any to make our entire colored population and all power of discrimination between.the different other excepted classes:citizens:of the United races. In the exercise ofSta;te policy over,matStates?. Four millions of them have just ters exclusively affecting tlhepeople of each State, emerged from slavery into rfreedom. Can it be it has frequently: beten -thought expedient'to: disreasonably'supposed that.they'possess therequi- criminate between:thee two races. By'the statsite qualifications:to,entitle -them to all the priv- utes of some of the Sta;tes, northern well as southileges and immunities of citizens of the. rUnited ren, it is enacted, for-.-instance, that no white States? Have the people of:,the.several States'person shall intermarry with a negro or mulatto expressed such.a icGoviction?,It may also be Chancellor Kentsays, speaking of the blacks, that asked whether it is inecessary that they should "marriages between themand the whites are for-'be declared citizens, in order that they may' be bidden in some.of the States where slavery does secured in the, enjoyment of the civil rights'pro- not exist, and they are prohibited in all the slaveposed to be conferred: by the bill.?.Those rights holding States'; and when not absolutely contrary are, by federal as well-as State laws, secured to to law, they, are revolting, and regarded as an all domiciled aliens, and foreigners,. even before offence against public decorum." the completion of.the process of naturalization; I do not say that this bill repeals State laws and, it may safely be assumed that the same on the subj ect of marriage between the two races; enactments'are sufficient to.give like protection for, as the whites are forbidden to intermarry and benefits to those for whom, thiisbill provides with the blacks, the blacks:can only make such' special legislation..Besides, the policy of the contracts as the whites themselves are allowed to Government, from its origin to the present time, make, and therefore connot, under this bill, enter seems to have been that persons who are; stran- into the marriage, contract with the whites. I gers to and unfamiliar with our institutions and cite this discrimlination, however, as an instance our laws should pass through a. certain proba-. of the State policy as'to discrimination, and to intion, at the end of which, before attaning -the quire whether, if Congress can abrogate all State coveted prize, they must givee evidence of their laws of discrimination between the two races in fitness to receive and to exercise the rights of cit- the matter of real estate, of'suits, and'of contracts izens, as contemplated by the Constitution of the generally, Congress may not also repeal the State United States. The bill, i-.ineffect, proposes a laws as to the contract, of.marriage between discrirination against large numbers of intelli- the two races? - Hitherto every subject embraced gent, worthy, and patriotic foreigners, and in in the enumeration: of rights.:contained in this favor of the negro, to whom,'after, tong years of bill has been considered as exclusively belonging bondage, the avenues to.freedom and intelligence to the States. They all relate to the' internal have' just now been suddenlyopened.'He must, police and economy of the respective States. They of necessity, from his previous unfortunate con- are matters which in eacih State concern the dodition of servitude,l be less informned as to the rmestic condition of its.people, varying in each nature.and character of our institutions than he according to its own peculiar; circumstances and who, coming from abroad,.has:to'some extent, the safety and well-being'of its own citizens.; I at least, familiarized'himself with: the principles do not mean to say that upon. all these subjects of a government to which he voluntarily in- there' are nrot federal' restraints-as, for instance; trusts "life, liberty, and the pursuit of'happi- in the State power of legislation over contracts, ness." Yet it: is now proposed, by a single leg- there is a federal limitation that no State' shall islative enactment, to confer. the rights' of citi- pass a law impairing the obligations of contracts; zens upon all persons of. African descent born and, as to crimes, that no State shall pass an ea; within the extended. limits' of.the United -States, post facto law.; and, as to money, that no State while persons of foreign birth, who make our shall make anything but gold. and silver a legal' 76 POLITICAL MANUAL. tender. But where can we find.a federalprohi- imprisonmeit for th. performance of the duties bition against the power of any Stateto.discrimi- whlich such State lawsi-might impose. The legnate, as do most of them, between aliens and islation thus proposed:invades the judicialpower citizens, between artificial persons called corpora- of the State.. It says to every State court or tions and natural persons,' in the right to hold judge, if you decide that this act is unconstitureal estate? If it be granted that Congress can tional; if you refuse, under the prohibition of a repeal all State laws discriminating between State law, to. allow. a negro to testify; if you' whites and blacks in the subjects covered by this hold that over such a subject-matter the State bill, why, it a ed ma y ase not Congress re- law i's paramount, and " under color" of a State peal, in the same.- way, all State laws. discrimi- law refuse the exercise of the rightto the negro, nating between the two races'on.the subjects of your error of judgment, however conscientious, suffrage and office? If Congress can declare by shall subject you to fine and imprisonment! I law who shall hold lands,; Who shall testify,.who do not apprehend that the conflicting legislation shall have capacity to make a contract in a State, which the bill seems to contemplate is so likely then. Congress can by law also declare who, to occur as to render it necessary at this time to without regard to color or race, shall have the adopt a measure of such doubtfill constitutionright to sit as a juror or.as, a judge, to hold any ality.'' office, and,.finally, to vote, "in every State and In the' next place, this provision of the bill Territory of the United.States." As respects the seems to be:unnecessary, as adequate judicial Territories, they come.within the power of Con- remedies could be adopted to secure the desired gress, for as to them thelaw-making power is the end, without invading the immunities of legisfederal power; but'as:to'the States, no similar lators,. always important to be preserved in the provision exists vesting in Congress the power, interest of public liberty; without assailing the "'to make.rules and regulations''forthem. independence of the judiciary, always essential The object of the second section of the bill is to the preservation of individual rights; and to -afford discriminating prfotection to colored without impairing' the efficiency of ministerial persons in the full:enjoyment:of all the rights officers, always necessary for the maintenance of secured.to them by the precedingsection. It de- public peace and order..: The remedy proposed clares "that any person who, under color of by this section seems to be, in this respect, not any law, statute, ordinance, regulation, or cuS- only anomalous, but unconstitutional; for the tom, shall subject, or.cause to be subjected, any'Constitution guarantees nothing with certainty inhabitant of any State or Territory to the de- if it. does not. insure to the several States the privation of any. right secured or protected by, right of'making and: executing laws in regard this act; or to different punishment, pains, or to all-matters'arising within their jurisdiction, penalties, on account of such person having at subject only to the restriction that, in cases of any.time been held in a condition'of slavery or conflict with the Constitution and constitutional involuntary servitude, except.as:a punishment laws of the United States, the latter should be for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly held to be the supreme law of the land. convicted, or by reason of his color or race, than The third section gives the district courts of is.prescribed for the.punishment of white per- the United States exclusive' cognizance of all sons, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, crimes and offences committed against.the proand, on conviction,shall'be punished by a, fine visions of this act;" and concurrent jurisdiction n ot' exceeding one thousand;dollars, or impris- with the circuit courts of the United States of onment not exceeding one year, r both, in the all civil and criminal' cases "affecting persons discretion of the court."' This section seems to who are denied., or cannot enforce in the courts.be designed to apply to'some- existing or future or judicial tribunals of the State or locality law of a State or Territory which:may conflict where they may be, any of the rights secured to with the provisions of the bill,now under con- them by the first section." The. construction sideration. It provides for counteracting such which I'have given to the second section is forbidden legislation by imposing'fine. and im- strengthened by this third section, for' it makes prisonment upon the legislators who may pass clear what kind of denial or deprivation of the such conflicting.aws, or upon the offiocers.or rights secured byi the first section was in conagents who shall p.utor attempt to put theminto templation..Itis.a denial' or deprivation of such execution. It means.an. official offence-not a rights "'in the'courts or judicial tribunals of the common crime c:omrmitted against law upon the State."'It standstherefore, clear of doubt that persons or property of the black race. Such an the::offence and the:penalties provided' in the' act may deprive itheblack man.'of his property, second section are intended for the State judge,. but ndt.of the right to'.holdfproperty. It means who, in the clear exercise of his functions as a: a deprivation: of -the.righ.t itself, either by the judge, not acting ministerially but' judicially, State judiciary or;'theeState: legislature.'It- is shall' decide contrary to this federal law..' In therefore assumed'that;under this section mem- other words, when a State judge, acting upon a bers of State legislatures wh'o should.votefor question invdlv.ing a: cnflict between a State law laws conflicting with the' provisions'of the: bill, an'd a federal; ldw,'and bound, accord-ing to his that. j'udges of the State courts w ho hould' ren- own judgment and responsibility, to give an 4l.erjudgments in antagonism with its terms, and impartial decision between the two, comes to the that.marshals and sheriffs'who should,, as minis- conclusion that the State law is valid and the teial officers, execute processes sanctioned by federal law is invalid, he must not follow the State laws and issued by State judges in execu- dictates of his own judgment, at the peril of fine tion;of their judgments, dould be:brought before and imprisonment: The legislative department other tribunals, and there subjected to-.fine and of the G;overnment of th.e- United States thus MBTO. AND- VOTES, 77 tales from tthLe judici-al department of te. States It may be assumed that this authority is inthe sacred and exclusive dutyofijudicial decision; cident to the power granted to Congress by the and converts the State judge into..-a mere minis- Constitution, as recently namended, to eniorce, terial officer, bound to decide according: to the by appropriate legislatioin, tle'article declaring will of Congress. that" neither slavery nor involuntary servitudes It is clear that, in States which deny to per- except as a punishment for crime whereof the sons whose rights are secured by the first section party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist of the bill any one-of:those rights, all criminal within the United States, or any place subject and civil cases affecting them will, by the pro- to their jurisdiction."' It cannot, however, be visions of the third section, come: under the ex- justly claimed that,, with a viewo to the enforceclusive cognizance of the federal tribunals. It ment of this article of. the Constitution, there is follows that: if, in any State. which denies toa at, present any necessity for the exercise of all colored person any one of all those rights, that the powers which this bill confers. Slavery has person should. commit a:rime against.the laws been abolished, and at present nowhere exists of a State —murder, arson,: rape; or any other within the jurisdiction of the United States; nor crime-all protection and punaishment through has there been, nor is it likely there will be, any the courts of the: State are taken away-, and he attempt to revive it by the people or the States. can. only be. tried and punished in the-federal If, however, any such attempt shall be made, it courts. How is the criminal to be tied? If Will then become the-duty of the General Govthe offence is-provided for and punished by fed- ernment to exercise. any and all incidental eral law, that law, and not the State law, is to powers necessary and proper to maintain inviogovern., It is only when the offence does. not late this great constitutioallaw of freedom. happen to. be within the purview of federal law.The fourth section of the. bill provides, that that the federal courts are to. try and punish officers and agents of the Freedmen's Bureau him under any other law. Then resort is to be shall be empowered to make arrests, and also had to the-" common law, as modified and that other officers may be.specially commissioned changed" by State legislation, "so far as the for that purpose by the President of the United same is. not inconsistent with: the Constitution States. It also authorizes' circuit courts of the and laws of the United States."- So that over United States and the superior courts of the this vast domain of criminal jurisprudence pro- Territories to appoint, without, limitation, comr vided by each State for the protection of its own missioners, who are to be. charged with the percitizens, and for the punishment of all persons formance of quasi judicial duties. The fifth whoviolate.its criminal laws,federal law, when- section empowers the commissioners so to be ever it can be made to apply, displaces State law. selected by the courts to appoint in writing, The question here. naturally arises, from.what under their hands, one o.r more suitable persons source Congress derives th.epower to.transfer to from time to time toexecute warrants and other federal tribunals certain classes of cases embraced processe.s described by the bill. These numerous in this section:?, The Constitution.expressly de- official agents are made to constitute a sort of clares, that the judicial power. of the United police, in.addition to the military, and are auStates "shall extend to all cases in law and thorized to summon a posse comitatus, and even equity arising under this' Constitution, the laws to call to'their:aid such portion of the land and of the United States, and tre'aties, made, or which naval forces of the United States, or of the milishall be made:under their authri.ty.; to all cases tia, " as may be necessary to the performance of affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and the duty with which they are charged."' This consuls; to all cases of admiralty and m iaritime extraordinary power is to, be conferred upon jurisdiction; to controversies -to' which the agents irresponsible to: the Government and to United States shall be a party; to controversies the people, to whose number the. discretion of between two or- more States, between a State the commissioners is the only limit, and in whose and citizens of another State,; between citizens hands such authority might be made a terrible of different States, between citizens of the same engine of wrong, oppression, and fraud. The State claiming land- und.er'grantss of different general statutes regulating the, land and naval' States, and between a State, or the citizens there- forces of the United States, th-e. ilita, and the of, and foreign States,.citizens, or subjects," execution of the laws, are believed to be adeHere the judicial power ofi^the JUniteq4 States is quate for every emergency which can occur in expressly set forth and defined;,';and..tlhe act of time of peace. If it should prove otherwise, September 24,. 1789. establishing the. judicial Congress can at any time amend those laws in courts of the United' $t'ates, in, conferring upon such a manner as, while subserving the public the federal courtsj.urisdictin over cases, origi- welfare, not to jeopard.the rights, interests, and nating in State tribunals is carful, to.confine' liberties, of the people.. them: to the classes enumerated in -the abeove -. The.seventh section provides that a fee of ten recited clause-of the'Constitution. T-his.section,dollars shall be paid to each commissionerin.of the bill undoubtedly comprehe.n.d cases andi.every case brought before him, and a fee of'five.authorizes the exercise of powers,th:are not, dollars to his deputy, or deputies, "for,each perby the Constitution, -within the. ij;urisdiction..of.son he or they may arrest and take before any the courts of the United States. To.:transfer,such commissioner,". with such other. fees. as them to those courts- would.be, an e-e.rcise;of' my be. de.emed reasonable by such,commission,".authority well caloulated.to excite. distrust and; - g e:.eral for performiing- sh.ch other duties as,alarm on the part of al' the. States; for theibill ma.ybere.quired in the pr"ises." All these.aplies, alike to all:of. -the..as, well to.those. foes ar.e t,obe " paid,out. of the Treasury of the that hayve as to those thhat hawen. tben engaged. Uni.ted States," w.hether.there is a conviction or ia rebellion.' not; but in case of conviction they are to be 7i8 aPOLITICAGL MANUAIi recoverable from the defendant.: It seems to State —an absorption and assumption of power me that under the influence of such temptations by- the General Government which, if acquiesced bad men might convert any law, however bene- in, must sap and destroy our federative system ficent, into an instrument of persecution and of limited powers,, and break down. the barriers fraud. which preserve the rights of the States. It is: By the eighth section of the bill the United another step, or rather stride, towards centralStates courts, which sit only. in one place for ization, and the concentration of all legislative white citizens, must migrate,'with the marshal powers in the national Government. The tenind district attorniey, (and necessarily with the dency of the bill must be to resuscitate the clerk,- although he is not mentioned,) to any spirit of rebellion, and to arrest the progress ]art of the district upon the order of the Presi- of those:influences which are more closely drawdent, and" there: hliold a court "for the purpose ing around the States:the bonds of union and of the more speedy arrest and trial of persons peace. charged with a violation of this act;" and there My lamented predecessor, in his proclamation the judge and officers of the court-must remain, of the 1st of January,- 1863, ordered and deupon the order' of the' President, "for the time clared that all persons held as slaves within therein designated."., certain States and parts of States therein desigThe;ninth section authorizes the President, or nated were, and thenceforward should be free, such person as he may empower for that pur- and, further, that the executive'government of p.ose, "to employ such part of the land or naval the United States, including the' military and forces of the United States:'or of the militia as naval authorities thereof, would recognize and shall be necessary to pre've.rit the violation and maintain the freedom of'such persons. This enforce to due execution of this act." This gnarantee has been rendered especially obligalanguage seems to imply a peirmanent military tory and sacred by the amendment' of the Conforce, that is to be always at hand,,.and whose' stitution abolishing slavery throughout the only business is to be the enforcement of this United States. I, therefore, fully recognize the measure over the vast region where it is intended obligation to protect and defend that -class of to operate.' our people, whenever and wherever it' shall'I do not propose to consider the policy of this become necessary, and to the full extent combill. To me the details of the bill seem fraught patible with the Constitution of the United with evil. The white race and the black race States. of the South have hitherto lived together under Entertaining these sentiments, it only rethe relation of master and slave~-capital own- mains for me to say, that I will cheerfully co-oping labor. Now, suddenly, that relation is erate' with Congress in'any measure that may changed, and, as to ownership, capital and be necessary for the protection of the civil rights labor are divorced.' They stand now each mas- of the freedmen, as well as those of all other ter of'itself. In this new trelation, one being classes of persons throughout the United States, necessary to the other, there will be's new ad- by judicial process, under equal and impartial justment, which both are deeply, interested in laws, in conformity with the provisions' of the /naking harmonious. Each has equal'power in Federal Constitution. settling the terms, and, if left to the laws that I now return- the bill to the Senate, and reregulate capital and labor, it is confidently be- gret that, in considering the bills and joint lieved that they will satisfactorily work out the resolutions forty-two in number-which have problem. Capital, itais' true,-has:'mbre intelli- been thus far submitted for my approval, I am gence, but labor is never so ignorant~ as not to compelled to withhold my assent from a second understand its own interests, not to'know its measure that has received the sanction of both Own value, and not to see that caitalmust pay ouses of-Congress. that'value. --- ANDREW JoHirsoN.; This bill frustrates this adjustment. It inter- WASHINGTOrN, D. C., March 27, 1866. venes between capital and labor, and attempts to settle question's of political economy through Copy of the Bill Vetoed. the agency of numerous officials, whose interest AN ACT to protect all persons in the United it will be to.foment discord between the'two States in their civil rights, and furnish the races; for as the breach widens their employrment means, 6f their- vindicationi will continue, and when it is closed their occu-.Be it eizaccted,: &c'., That' all persons born in pation will terminate.' the United States and not subject to any foreign: In all our history, in all our experience; as a power, excluding Indians, not taxed, are hereby people, living under feral and State law, no declared to'be citizens of the United States; ~such system as that contemplated by the details and such citizens of every race and color, withof this' bill has ever be foe.'been proposed or: out. regard to any previous condition of slavery adopted. They establish for the security of tie or involuritary servitude,V except as a punishcolored race safeguards which go infinitely be-i ment for crime whereof the party shall havebeen yond'any that the General Government has ever' duly con'victed,: shall have' the'same right in provided for the white race. -lIn fact, the dis'-:'every Stateand Territory in the United States to tinctidn of race and color is, by -thebbill made to.'make: and enforce contracts; to sue, be parties, operate in favor' of the cOlored andagainst the' and give evidence; to inherit, purchase, lease,'white race. They interfere with th e:municipal'sell, hold; and convey real and personal property; legislation of" thb States, with't.he relations' &an4lto full and equal benefit of all laws and'existing' exclusively between' a State aLnd its proceedings for the security of person and propcitizens, or between. inhabitants: of the same erty as is:enjoyedby white citizens;,'and slhll VETOES"AND VOTES. 79 be subjecdt to like punishment, pains, and penal- territorial courts of the United States, with powties, and to.none other, any law, statute ordi- ers of arresting, imprisoning, or bailing offenders nance, regulation, or custom,'to the contrary against the laws of the United States, the officers notwithstanding...and agents of the Freedmen's Bureau, and every' SEG. 2. That,/any person who.u,:nder color of other officer who may be' specially empowered any law,' Statute, ordinance, regulation, -or by the:Preodent of the Unfted States, shall be, custom, shall subject, or cause to'be subjected, and they are hereby, specially authorized and any inhabitant of any State or Territory to'the' requlired, at the expense of the' United States, to deprivation of any right secured or protected institute -proceedings' against all and every perby this, ct, or to different punishment, pains,,;r son wiiho shall violate the provisions of this act, penalties on account'of such person havin'a't.and cause him or them tS.be arrested uand imanytime been, held in a condition of slavery'or p'risoned, or-bailed, as the case may be for trial involuntary servitude,' except as a punishment, befor6e uch court of the'.Uiited States or terrifor crime whereof the party.. shall have been' toril codrt as'by this a't has'cognizance of the duly convicted, or by reason:of his color or1 offence. And with a view to affording reasonrace, than is prescr'ibed for' the punishment of able protection to all persons in their constitu: white persons, shll be deemed guilty of a mnis- tional rights of equality before the law; without demeanor, and, on conviction,rshlall beopuonished distinction of race or color or previous condiby fine not exceedintg one thousand' dollars, or tion of'slavery'or involuntary servitude, except imprisonment not'exceeding one y.ear,or both, as a-puinishment for crime, whereof the party in:.thediscretion of,the court..: shallhave been duly convicted,and to the prompt S' c.S3. ".That the district courts'of' the United' discharge of the duties of this act, it shall be the States, within their respective'districts, shall duty'of':the circuit courts of' the United States have, exclusively of. the courts of the several' and the superior courts of the.:Territories of the States, cognizance. of: all crimes and offences United States, from tinme to time, to increase the committed against the provisions of'this act, number of commissioners, so as to afford a speedy and' also, concurrently with the circuit courts of and convenient means: for the arrest and examithe United States, of all causes, civil and. crimi- nation of persons- charged with a violation of hal, affecting persons who are denied-or cannot- this act. And -;uch'commissioners are hereby enforce in the courts or judicial tribunals: of the authorized and-'req tired to exercise and discharge State or. locality where they may be.any of the all the powers'and duties conferred on them by rights secured to them by the first section of this this act, and the same duties with regaird to ofact; and if, any suit or prosecution, civil or. crim- fences created by this act, as they are authorized inal, has' been or shall be counmmonced in any by law to exercise with regard to other offences State court "against any such,' person', for any against the laws: of the United States. cause, wh'tsoeer, or againt.any officer,' civil or SEC.'5. That: it shall be the duty of all marmilitary, oi other'person, for any arrest or im — sha ls aid'deputy:marshals to obey and execute prisonment, trespasses, or, -wrongs done or com- all warrants and precepts issued under the promitted bi virtue or under color of authority''isions of this act, when'to them directed; and derived from this act or the act establishing a should any marshal or deputy marshal refuse to bureaufor the relief of freedmen: and refugees, rieceive such warrant or other' process when tenand all acts amendatorythereof,' or for' refusing dered, or'to use all proper means diligently to to do any act' upon the grounnd thiat itwould: be execute tle same, he shall, on, conviction thereof. inconsistent with this act, such defendant, shall;be fined in the sum of one' thousand dollars, to have the right to remove such cause' for trial to! the use of the person upon whom the accused is the proper district or circuit court in the mandiier; alleged, to have committed the offence. And the priescribed' by the "Act relating to habeas corpus better to enable the said commissioners to exeaind regulating judicial proceedings in certain' cute their duties faithfully and efficiently, in cases," approved Msarchthree, eighteen hundred conformity with te. Constitution of the United and sixty-three, and-all'acts amendatory -thereof. States and the'requirements of this act, they'are The jurisdiction in civil and'criminal matters hereby authorized empowered, within their hereby conferred on the district and circuit courts counties respectively;' to appoint, in writi',ig, of the U'nited States shall'be exercised and en- under their hands, any one or more suitable perforced in conformity with the'laws of theUnited sons, from time to time, to execute all such warStates, so far.as'sqch'laws are suitable to carry rants and other process that may be issued by the same' into effec but ain all cse swhere such them in the lawful performanceof their respectlaws are not adapted to the object, or are defi- ive duties; and the persons so appointed to execient in the provisions necessary to furnish suit- cute any warrant or process as aforesaid shall able, remedies'and punish offences against law, have authority to summon and call to their aid the common law,: as modified and changed by the bystanders or the posse coqmitatus of the the constitution and statutes of:the, State wherein proper bounty, or such portion of the land and the'court having juri'sdiction ofthie cause, civil naV'al forces. of the United States, or of the milior criminal, is held, so far as the same.isinot tia,; a may'be necessary to the performance of inconsistent with the Constitution and laws of the duty with which' they are charged, and to.United States, shall be exotended: to and govern insure a'faithful' observance' of the clause of the said. courts in the trial and disposition of such Constitution::which prohibits slavery, in condause,.ud, if of a:criminal nature, in the inflic- f6omity with the'provisions of this act; and'said ti6n of. punishment ont ie p.arty found guilt y. warrants shall run and be executed by said ~:SEc..4. That.the:district attorneys, marshals, officers anywhere in' the'State or Terrritory and deputy marshals of thie "United States, the within which they are issued. commissioners appointed by the circuit court and'Sr, E. 6. That any person who shall knowingly 80.OLITICAL'MANUAL. and wilfully obstruct, hinder or prevent any speedy arrest and trial of persons charged with officer, or other person charged with, the execu- a violation of this act; and it shall be the duty tion of apy warrant or process issued under the of every judge or other' officer, when any such provisions of this act,, or any person or persons requisition shall be received by him, to attendlawfully assisting him or them, from:arresting at the place and for the time therein designated. any person for whose apprehension such warrant SEc. 9. That it shall be lawful for the Presior process may have been issued, or.shall rescue dent of' the United States, or such person as he or attempt to rescue such person from the custody may. empower for that purpose, to employ such of the officer, other person or persons, or.those partof the, land or naval forces of the United lawfully assisting as as foresaid, when so arrested States, or of:the militia, as shall be necessary to pursuant to the authority herein given and de-7 prevent;the violation and enforce the due, execlared, or shall aid,.abet,,or.assist any.person:so cution.of this act.' arrested as aforesaid, directly or-indirectly, to.SEc. 0. That upon'allquestions of law arising escape from':the custody of the.officer.or other in anycause. under the' provisions of this'act," a person legally authorized as aforesaid, or shall final appeal may: lbe taken to the Supreme Court'harbor orconceal any person for whose arrest,a of the United States. warrant or process shall have been issued.as The voes o9n this bill were: aforesaid, so as to prevent his discovery and 1860,,Fehbriary 2-The SENATE passed the bill arrestafter notice or knowledge of the fact thlat, yea 33, nays 12, as: follow: a warrant has been issued for the apprehension YEAs-Messrs. Anthony, Brown, Chandler, Clark, Conness,. of such person, shall, for either of said offences, Cragin, Dixon, Fessenden, Foot, oster, Harris, Henderson, be subject to a fine not exceeding one thousand Howard, owe, Kirkwood, Laneuof nin a e oKansas, be subjec t to r atine m n ot exee ding one. tousand MorganiMorrill, Nye, Poland, Pomeroy, Ramsey Sherman, dollars, and imprisonment, not exceeding six Sprague, Stewart, Sumner, Trumbull,. Wade, Willey, Wilmonths, by indictment and conviction before liams, Wilson, Yates-33. the distri ct'court of the United States for the NaYs-Messrs. Buckalew, Cowa'; Davis, Guthlie, Hend se.aidisoffric ksm hDou gall, _Nesmith, Norton, Riddle, Saulsbury, Stockdistrict in which said offencemay have been t,VanWinkle — 12. committed, or before the.proper court of criminal,. jurisdiction, if committed within, any one of the M ELDIDGE.moved that it lie on the table; Mr. ELDRIDGE moved'that it lie on the table:; organized Territories of the United States. hich disagreed to-yeas 32, ays 118, as SEo. 7. That the district attorneys, the mar- follow shals, their deputies, and the clerks of the said district atld territ-orial.courts shall be paid for YEAs-Messrs. Ancona,Boyer, Brooks, C7iasler, Coffroth, Dawson, Denison,.Eldridge, Glossbrenner, Goodyear, Grider, their services thellke, fees as may be allowed to Aaron HIarding, Harris, Hogan, Edwin N. Hlubbell, Kerr, them,for similar services in other.cases; and in Le Blond, M1arshall, Niblack, N~icholson, Radford, Ritter, all cases where the proceedings are before a Rogerso, Rossi, ae, Rabe.rTa-lor, Thorsnton, Triable, T infseld.-32. commissioner, he.shall be entitled to a fee often NaYs-Messrs.Alley, Allison, Ames, Anderson, D. t. Ashdollarsin full'for his-services in each case, inclu- ley, James M. Ashley, Baker, Baldwin, Banks, Baxter, Beasive of all services incident to such arrest nd man, Bidwell, Bingham, Blamine, Blow,'Boutwbll, Bromwell, Broomall, Buckland, Bundy, Sidney Clarke, Cobb, Conkling, examination. The person or persons authorized Cook, Cullom, Darling, Davis,Defrees, Delano,Deming, Dixon, to execute the process to be issued by such corn- D])onnelly,Drigs, Dumont, Eliot,Frnsworth, Farquhar, Fermissioners for the arrest of offenders against, the: ry,'rinell, Abner C. iarding, art Hayes. henderson, provisionsof this act.shall be entitled to a fee IHigby, Hill, Holmes Hoope r, Asahel WV. Hubbard, Chester. provisions.of this act.sall beentitled toafee Iubbard, ems bbard, jr., John H.'Hubbard, Hllulburd, of five dollars for each person he or they may James l hmphlrey,lIngersoll Jenckes, Julian, IKelley, Kelso, arrest and take before any such commissioner as etch ujenall Lalm, George V Lawrence, illiam Lawrence, Loa-nDLongoyear, Lynch, Marston. Marvin, McClurg, aforesaid, with such other fees as may be deemed McKe.e, McRuer, Me.cur, Miller, Moorhe ad, Morrill, Morris, reasonable by such commissioner for sch other Moulton, Myers, ONeill Orth, Paine, Perham, Phelps, Pie, additional services as may be necessarily per- Pit ce m d, Alexandr H Rice, John H.Rice, ~ ~ i s'.. l'pe Sawyer, Schenck, Scofield, Sheilabarger, Sloan, Spalding, formed by him or them, such as attending at the Starr, Stevens, Thayer, Francis Thomas, John L. Thomas, Jr., examination, keeping the prisoner in custody, i.rwbridgae, Uson an Aernmai Bu Van Horn, Robeit'. Vanh orn, Ward, Warner, Ellihu B. Washburne, Henry D. and proyiding him withfqod and:lodging dur g.auning. Washburn, William, B. Washburn, Welker, Wentworth; his detention, and until the final determination' Wxhaley,Williams,James F. Wilson, Stephen F. Wilson, Win. of such commissioner, and in general for per- dom, Woodbridge.'-11. forming such other duties as may be required March 13-The bill passed —yeas 111, nays38, in the premises; such fees to be made up in con-'as follow: formity with the fees usually charged by the Yas-Messrs. Alley, AllisonAmsAnderson, ames M. officers of the courts of justice within the proper Ashley, Baker, Baldwin, Banks, Baxter,. Beaman, Bidwell, district or county, as near asmay be practicable, Blaine, Blow, Boutwell, Bromwell, Broomall, Buckrland, and paid. outof the treasury of the United Bundy, Sidney Clarke, Cobb, Conkling, Cook, Cullom, Dar~and paid. out.ofthe treasury o ling, Dhavis, Dawes, Delano, Deming,,Dixon, Donnelly, Driggs, States on the certificate of the judge of the dis- Dumont, Eliot, Farnsworth, Farquhar. Ferry, Garfield, Grintrict within which the arrest is made, and to be nell, Abner': I-.arding, Hart; IHayes, -ligby, SHill, HIolmes, recoverable from the defendant as part of the' Hooper, Asahel W. Hluibbard, Chester D. -Hubbard, Demas recoverable from the defendant asubbard, John H. Hubbard, Hulburd, James Humphrey, judgment in case, of conviction. Ingersoll, Jenckes, Julian, Kelley, Kelso, Ketcham, KuySEC. 8, That whenever the President: of tbe kendall, Lflin; Georbe Y. Lawrense. William Lawrence, ~T-...''q..... ~_:".... J.~L^~ 4. LoanLongyear, Lynch,.arston, MIarvin, Mchlurg, McUnited States shall have reason to believe'that an, Longysr, Lynch, arsto, rvin, cClrg, Mcnces Saves s ave l ien tobei th Ruer Mercur, Miller, Moorhead, Morrill, Morris, Moulton, offences have been or are likely tobe committed Myers, Nowell, O'Neill, Orth, Paine. Perham, Pike, Plants, against the.provisions.-of this:act.within' any Pcrice, Alexander H. Rice, Sawyer, Schenck, -cofield, Sheljud"iciMs district, it shall be:h~. afiw;for him, in his lahbarger, Sloan, Spalding, Starri Stevens, Thayer, Francis.dlialdstlcr;tsaio n. la d. liore ~h g.minrhll, an d, Thomas, John L. Thomas, Trowbridge, Upson, Van Aernam, discretion, to direct the judge,-marshal, and dis- Buit Van Horn, Ward, Warner, Elihu B. Washburne, Wiltrict. attorney of such district.to.'attend at such liam B. Washburn, Welker,'vwentw orth -Whsley,_ Williams, i J^.........'J J ~L'^~ James F. Wilson; Stepheti:'F. Wilson, Windora, Woodplace within the district, and for _such' time.as es. Stepilso inom, oodTe ruay designate, for the. purpose of the more NAYidg -- essrs. ingam, VETOES AND VOTES. 81 C.foth,'Dawson, Denison, Glossbrenner, oodyear, Grider, the number at from thirty-five thousand to Aaron Harding, Harris, Hogan, Edwin N. Hubbell, Jone forty thousand souls. The people are princiKerr, Latllam, Le Blond, Marshall, 6cC'ullough, Nicholson,. e people are princiPhelps, Radford, Samuel J. Randall, William H. Randall, pally recent settlers, many of whom are underBitter, Rogers, Ross, Rousseau, Sha.nlin, Sitgreaves, Smith, stood to be ready for removal to other mining Tabery, WTaylor,,hornton, Trimbe, Winfield-,3. districts beyond the limits of the Territory, if March 15-The Senate concurred in the House circumstances shall render them more inviting. amendments. Such a population cannot but find relief from March 27-The bill was vetoed. excessive taxation if the territorial system, April 6-The SENATE passed the bill,'notwith- which devolves the expenses of the executive, standing the objections of the PEesident, by a legislative, and judicial departments upon the vote of 33 yeas to 15 nays, as follow: United States, is for the present continued. YEAS-Messrs. Anthony, Brown; Chandler, Clark, Con- They cannot but find the security of person and ness, Cragin, Creswell, Edmunds, Fessenden, Foster, Grimes, in ar ln Harris, Henderson, Howard, Howe, Kirkwood, ane of In- property increased by their reliance upon the!][trrisg Henderson, Howard, Howe, Kirkwood, Lane of Indiana, Morgan, Morrill, Nye, Poland, Pomeroy, Ramsey, national executive power for the maintenance Sherman, Sprague, Stewart Sumner, Trumbull, Wade, of law and order against the disturbances necesWilley, Williams,. Wilson, Yates-33. NAYS-Messrs. Buckalew, Cowan, Davis, Dooltle, GuthN!WA^s-M~essrs. BZ?^calew, Cowan, Davfm, Dool~arily incident to a ll newly organized commu-'re, Hendricks, Johnson, Lane of Kansas, McDougall, -res- nities. mith, Norton, Riddle, Sauslsbury, Van Winkle, Wright-15. Second. It is not satisfactorily established April 9-The HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that a majority of the citizens of Colorado deagain passed it-yeas 122, nays 41, as follow: sire, or are prepared for an exchange of a terriYEAs-Messrs. Alley, Allison, Delos R. Ashley, James M. torial for a State government. In September, Ashley, Baker, Baldwin, Banks, Barker, Baxter, Beaman, 1864, under the authority of Congress, an election,Benjamin, Bidwell,'Boutwell, Brandegee, Bromwell, Broom- w lawu a int nd hl for te purpo ail, Buckland, Bundy, Reader W. Clarke,, Sidney Clarke, law lly appointed andeld tpurpose Cobb, Colfax, Conkling, Cook, Cullom,'Darling, Davis, Dawes, of ascertaining the views of the people upon Defrees, Delano, Deming, Dixon, Dodge, Donnelly, Eckley, this particular question. 6,192 votes were cast Eggleston, Eliot, Farnsworth, Farquhar, Ferry, Garfield, t nu r a oriy f 3, 52 was Grinnell, Griswold, Hale, Abner C. Harding,'Hart, Hayes,th number majority was Henderson, Higby, tIill, hIolmes, Hooper, Hotchkiss. Asahel given against the proposed change. In SepW. Hubbard, Chester D. Hubbard, John H.I-Iubbard,James tember, 1865, without any legal authority, the R. Hubbell, Ilulburd, James IIumphrey, Ingersoll,Jenckes, Kasson, Kelley, Kelso, Ketcham, Laflin, George V. Law- questio was again presented to the people of rence, William Lawrence, Loan, Longyear, Lynch,Marston, the Territory, with a view of obtaining a reconMarvin, McClurg, Mclndoe, McKee, McRuer, Mercur, Mil- sideration of the result of the election held in ler, Moorhead, Morrill, Morris, iMoulton, Myers, Newell,h the act ofCon approved O'Neill, Orth, Paine, Patterson, Perham, Pike, Plants,Pom-omplnce th the act ongress approved eroy, Price, Alexander H. Rice, John II. Rice, Rollins, March 21, 1864. At this second election 5,905 Sawyer, Schenck, Scofield, Shellabarger, Spalding, Starr, votes were polled and a majority of 155 was Steyens, Tlayer, Francis Thomas, JolihsL. Thomas, jr.Trow- n in f bridge, Upson, Van Aernam, Burt Van. Horn, Robert T. gor of a State organization. It does Van Horn, Ward, Ellihu B. Washburne, Henry ). Wash- not seem to me entirely safe to receive this, the burn, William B. Washburn, Welker, Webtworth, James last mentioned result, so irregularly obtained, F. Wilson, Stephen F. Wilson, Windom, Woodbridge.-122. sfcient to oweig n n NAYS-IMessrs. Ancona, Bergen, Boyer, Coffroth, Dawson, a suficient to outweigh the one hich adeen Denison, Eldridge, Finck, Glossbrenner, Aaron'Harding, legally obtained in the first election. RlegularHarris, Hogan, Edwin N. Hubbell, James AM. Humphrey, ityand conformity to law are essential to the Latham, Le Blond, Marshall, MIcCullough, Niblack7, Nicholson, Noell, Phelps, Radford. Samuel J. Randall, William preservation of order and stable government, H, Randall, Raymond, Ritter, Rogers, Ross, Rousseau, and should, as far as practicable, always be Shan7clin, Sitgreaves, Smith, Strouse, Taber, Taylor, Thorn- observed in the formation of new States *o, TrimAble, Whaley, Winfeld, right.-41. Colorado,t this Third. The admission of Colorado, ~ at this..Whereupon the Speaker of the House declared time, as a State into the federal Union, appears the bill a law. to me to be incompatible with the public interests of the country.. While it is desirable that Veto of the Colorado Bill, MIay 15, 1866. territories, when sufficiently matured, should be To the Senate of the United States: organized as States, yet the spirit of the ConstiI return to the Senate, in which house it tution seems to require that there should be an originated, the bill which has passed both Houses approximation towards equality among tie sevof Congress, entitled "An act for the admission eral States comprising the Union. No State can of the State of Colorado into the Union," with have less or more than two Senators in Congress. my objections to its becoming a law at this time. The largest State has a population of four milFirst. From the best information which I lions; several of the States have a population have been able to obtain, I do not consider the exceeding two millions; and many others have establishment of a State government at present a population exceeding one million. A populanecessary for the welfare of the people of Colo- tion of 127,000 is the ratio of apportionment rado. Under the existing Territorial govern- of representatives among the several States. ment all the rights, privileges, and interests of If this bill should become a law, the people the citizens are protected and secured. The of Colorado, thirty thousand in number, would qillified voters choose their own legislators and have in the House of Representatives one memtheir own local- officers, and are represented in her. while New York, with a population of four Congress by. a delegate of their own selection. millions, has but' thirty-one; Colorado would They make and execute their own municipal have in the electoral college three votes, while laws, subject only to revision by Congress-an New York has only thirty-three; Colorado would authority not likely to be exercised, unless in have in the Senate two vStes, while New York extreme or extraordinary cases. The population has no more. is small, some estimating it so low as twenty- Inequalities of this character have already five thousand, while advocates of the bill-reckon occurred, but it is believed that none have hap6 82 POLITICAL MANUAL. pened where the inequality was so great. When as completely as possible, so that all those -who such inequality has been allowed, Congress is are expected to bear the' burdens of the Federal supposed to have permitted it on the ground. of Government shall be consulted concerning the some high public necessity, and under circum- admission o.f new States; and that in the mean stances which promised that it would' rapidly time no new State shall be prematurely and undisappear through the growth and development necessarily admitted to a participation in the of the newly admitted State. Thus, in regard political power which the Federal Government to the several States inwhat was formerly called wields, not for the benefit of any individual the "northwest territory," lying east of the Mis- State or section, but for the common safety, sissippi, their rapid advancement in popula- welfare, and happiness of the whole country. tion rendered it certain that States admitted with ANDREW JOHNSON' only one or two representatives in Congress, WVASHINGTOI, D. C., May 15, 1866. would, in a very short period, be entitled to a great increase of representation. So, when Cali- Copy of the Bill. fornia was admitted on the ground of commer- Ax ACT for the admission of the State of Colocial and political exigencies, it was well foreseen rado into the Union. that that State was destined- rapidly'to become Whereas; on the twenty-first day of March, a great, prosperous, and important mining and anno Domini eighteen hundred and sixty-four, commercial community. In the case of Colo- Congress passed an act to enable the people of rado, I am not aware that any na.ional exigency, Colorado to form a constitution and State goveither of a political or commercial nature, re- ernment, and offered to admit said State, when quires a departure from the law of equality, so formed, into the Union upon' compliance with which has been so generally adhered to in our certain conditions therein specified; and whereas history. - it appears by a message of the President of the If information submitted in connection with United States, dated January twelve, eighteen this bill is reliable, Colorado, instead of increas-, hundred and sixty-six, that the said people have ing, has declined in population. At an election adopted a constitution, which upon due examifor members of a territorial legislature held in nation is found to conform to the provisions and 1861, 10,580 votes were cast. At the election comply with the conditions of said act, and to before mentioned, in 1864, the number of votes be republican in its form of government, and cast was 6,192; while at the irregular election that they now ask for admission into the Union: held in 1865, which is assumed as a basis for Be it enacted, &c., That the constitution and legislative action at this time, the aggregate State government which the people of Colorado of votes\was 5,905. Sincerely anxious for the h'ave formed for themselves-be, and the same is welfare and prosperity of every Territory and hereby, ratified, accepted, and confirmed, and that State, as well as for: the prosperity and welfare the said State of Colorado shall be, and is hereby, of the whole Union, I regret this apparent de- declared to be one of the United States of Amercline of population in Colorado; but it is mani- ica, and is hereby admitted into the Union upon fest that it is due to emigration which is going an equal footing with the original States, in all on from that Territory into other regions within respects whatsoever. the United States, which either are in fact, or SEC. 2. Anid be it farther enacted, That theare believed by the inhabitants of Colorado to said State of Colorado shall be, and is hereby, be, richer in mineralwealth and agricultural re- declared to be entitled to all the rights, privi-. sources. If, however, Colorado has not really leges, grants, and immunities, and to be subject declined in population, another census, or to all the conditions and restrictions, of an act another.election under the authority of Con- entitled "An act to enable the people of Cologress, would place the question beyond doubt, rado to form a constitution and a State governand -cause but little delay in the ultimate ad- ment, and for the admission of such State into mission of the Territory as a State, if desired by the Union on an ejual footing with the original the people. States," approved March twenty-first, eighteen The tenor of these objections furnishes the hundred and sixty-four. reply which may be expected to -an argument The yotes on this bill were: in favor of the measure derived from the ena- IN SENATE. bling act which was passed by Congress on the March 13-The bill was rejected-yeas 14, 21st day of March, 1864. Although Congress nays 21, as follow: then supposed that the condition of the Terri- YEAS-Messrs. Chandler, Cragin, Kirkwood, Lane of Intory was such as to warrant its admission as a diana, Lane of Kansas, McDougall, Nesmith, Norton, Poreroy, Ramsey, Sherman, Stewart, Trumbull, Williams-14. State, the result of two years' experience shows eroy, Ramsey, Sherman, Stewart, Trumbell, Wilia os-1. NAYs -Messrs. Buclalew. Conness, Creswell, Davis, Doelthat every reason which existed for the institu- little, Fessenden, Foster, Grimes, Gutlrie, Harris, Hendricks, tion of a territorial, instead of a State gov- Morgan, Morrill, Poland, Riddle, Sprague, Stockton, Sumernment in Colorado, at its first organization, rVa Winle Wde,ilson-21. still continues in force. Mr. Wilson entered a motion to reconsider the The condition of the Union at thepresentmo- vote. ment is calculated to inspire caution in regard to April 25-The Senate- voted to reconsider; the admission of new States.'Eleven of the old yeas 19, nays 13. (Same as below.) States have been for some time, aid still remain, The bill was then passed-yeas 19, nays 13, unrepresented in Congress. It is a common in- as follow: terest of all the States, as well those repre- YEAs-Messrs. Chandler, Clark, Conness, Cragin, Cressented as those unrepresented that the integrity well, Howard, Howe, Kirkwood, Lane of Indiana, Nye, sented as those unrep rened, that the integri y Pomeroy, Ramsey, Sherman, Sprague, Stewart, Trumbull, and harmony of the Union should be restored Van Winkle, Willey, Wilson-19. VOTES, AND -VETOES. 83 NAYS —Messrs. Buccaleaw, Davis, Doolittle, Edmunds, Nor have the sovereign people of the nation Foster, Grimes, Gutrie, Henricks, McDougall, Morgan, been afforded an opportunity ofexpressing their Poland, Riddle, Sumner-13. -Poland, Ril, Sumn IOUr E. views upon the important questions which the * HousE. amendment involves. Grave doubts therefore May 3-The bill was passed-yeas 81, nays may naturally and justly arise as to whether 57, as follow: the action of. Congress is in' harmony with the YEAs-Messrs. Ames, Anderson, Delos R. Ashley, James sentiments of the people, and whether State IV[.Ashley, Baker, Banks, Barker, Beaman~ Benjamin, Bidi-Ashley, Baker, B~ankls, Barrker, BemazniBenjmiu, Bid.L legislatures, elected without reference to such well, Bingham, Blow, Brandegee, Bromwell, ]Puckland,, ec ted witho u n Bundy, Reader W. Clarke, Sidney Clarke, Cobb, Cnking. anissue, should be called upon by Congress to Cullom, Defrees, Deming, Dixon, Dodge, Donnelly, Dritgs, decide respecting the ratification of the proposed Dumont, Eckley, Farquhar, Ferry, Garfield,.Grinnell, Abner amendment. 0. Harding, Hart, IlenderSori, Holmes, Hotcbkiss, Asahel W. Hubbard, Chester D. Hubbard, James R. lubbell, In- Wiving t q on as o e cniin gersoll, Jenckes, Kasoson, Ke ls, etcham, Lfln, Latham, question as to the c ona George V. Lawrence, William Lawrence, Loan, Longyear, validity of he proceedings of Congress upon Marston, McClurg, McKee, Mercur, Miller, Moorhead, the joint resolution proposing the amendment, Moulton, Myers, O'Neill, Orth, Patterson, Plants, Alexand er its of the article which it' sbH Rice, Rollins, Sawyer, Schenck, Shellabairger, Smith,or as o the merits of the article hich itsubSpalding, Francis Thomas, Trowbridge, Upson, Van Aernam, mits: through the executive department to the Burt Van Horn, Robert T. Van. Horn, Warner, Welker, legislatures of the States, I deem it proper to Whaley, Williams-Sin. observe that the stens taken by the Secretary of NAYs — ressrs. Allison, Alley, Ancona, Baxter, Begen, Secretary of Blaine, Boutwell, Boyer, Broomall, Challer, Coffroth, Dar- State, as detailed in the accompanying report, ling, Dawson, Denisoln, Eldridge, Eliot, Finc, Glossbrenner,.are to be considered as purely ministerial, and Grider, Griswold, Aaron Hardcing, arris, Higby, James i no-sens whatever committig the xective Humphrey, Julian, Kelley, Kuykendall, Le Blond Lynch, w ever committing the xecutive Miarshall, McCullough, McRner, Morrill, Morris, Newell, to an approval or a recommendation of the NTiblack, Paine, Perham, Pike, Raymond, John H. Rice, aendment to the State legislatures or to the Ritter, oss, Rousseau, Shankilin, Stevens, Stilwell, Strouese, people. O the a roper Taylor, Thorntoni Ellihu B. Wlshburne, Henry D. Wash- contrary, a burn, James F. Wilson, Windom, Winfield, Woodbridge, of the letter and spirit of the Constitution, as well Wright —57. as of the interests of national order, harmony, Up to the time this page is put to press, no and union, and a due deference for an enlightvote has been taken on the re-passage of the ened public judgment, may at this time well sugvetoed bill.' When taken, it will be inserted in gest a doubt whther any amendment to -the a subsequent page. Constitution: ought to be proposed by Congress and pressed upon the legislatures of the several Message Respecting the Proposed Constitutional States for final decision until after the admisAmxendment on Representation, &c., June 22, sion of such loyal Senators and Representatives 18.66. of the now unrepresented States as have been, To the Senate and Htouse of Representatives: or may hereafter be, chosen in conformity I submit to Congress a report of the Secretary with the Constitution and laws of the United of' State, to whom was referred the- concurrent States' resolution of the 18th instant,* respecting a. ANDnEW JoHNSON. submission to the legislatures of the States of an additional article to the Constitution of the WASHINGTON, D. C., June'22, 1866. United States. It will be seen from this report that the Sec- retary of State had, on the 16th instant, transmitted to:the Governors of the several States certified copies of the joint resolution passed on The Secretary of State, to whom was referred the 13th instant, proposing an amendment to the concurrent resolution of the two Houses of the Constitution. Congress of the 18th instant, in the following Even in ordinary times any question of words: "That thePresident of.the United States amending the Constitution must b jus re be requested to transmit forthwith to the execugarded as of paramount importance. This im- tives of the several States of the United States portance is at the present time enhanced by the copies of the article of amendment proposed by fact that the' joint resolutionwas not submitted Congress to the State, legislatures to amend the by thetwo Houses for the approval of the Presi- Constitution of the United States, passed June dent, and that of the thirty-six States which 13, 1866, respecting citizenship, the basis of repconstitute the Union eleven are excluded from resentation, disqualification for office, and validrepresentation in either House of Congress, ity of the public debt.of the United States, &c., although, with the single exception of Texas, to the end that the said States may proceed to they have been entirely restored to all their act upon the said article of amendment, and that functions as Sta~tes, in conformity with the or- he request the executive of each State that may ganic law of the landandn have appeared at the ratify said amendment to transmit to the Secrenational capital by Senators and Representa- tary of State a certified copy of such ratification," tives, who have applied for and have been re- has the honor to submit the following report, fused admission to the vacant seats. namely: That on the 16th instant the Hon. Amasa Cobb, of the Committee of the House-of * This resolution passed the House under a suspension of Representatives on Enrolled Bills, brought to the rules, which was agreed to,''yeas 92, nays 25, (the latter this Department and deposited therein an enall Democrats,) by a vote of yeas 87, nays 20, on a count bypament and deposited therein an entellers. It passed the Senate sameday without a division;.rolled resolution of the two -Houses of Congress, and is a copy of'a concurrent resolution passed in 1864, which was thereupon received by the Secretary requesting President Lincoln to submit the anti-slavery f f %ate amendment, changed onlyasito the phraseology descrip-of Stae deposited among the rolls of the tive of'tho amendment. Department, a copy of whica i.ehoeunto a1L 84 POLITICAL MANUAL. Hiexed. Thereupon the Secretary of State, upon [Circular.] the 16th instant, in conformity with the pro- DEPARTMENT OF STATE, June 16, 1866. ceedipg which was adopted by him in 1865, in To his Excellency regard to the then proposed and afterwards Governor of the State of adopted congressional amendment of the Consti- SIR: I have the honor to transmit an attested tution of the United States concerning the pro- copy of a resolution of Congress, proposing to hibition of slavery, transmitted certified copies the legislatures of the several States a fourteenth of the annexed resolution to the Governors of article to the Constitution of the United States. the several States, together with a certificate and The decisions of the several legislatures upon the circular letter. A copy of both of these corn- subject are required by law to be communicated munications are hereunto annexed. t this Department. An acknowledgment of the Respectfully submitted, receipt of this communication is. requested by.'~' WILLIAM H. SEWARD. Your excellency's most obedient servant, DEPARTMENT OF STATE, June 20, 1866. WILLIAM H. SEWARDI VI. MAJORITY AND MINORITY REPORTS OF THE JOINT COMMITTEE ON RECONSTRUCTION. The Majority Report. States were left at the close of the war; tle, 16-M. F N in the Senate, measures which have been taken towards the June18, 1866-Mr. FF^SENDEN in the Senate, and Mr. STEvENSS in the House, submitted tliis reorganization of civil government, and the disand Mr. STEVEINS in the House, submitted this position of the people towards the United States; REPORT: in a word, their fitness to take an active part in the administration of national affairs. The Joint Committee of the two Houses of Con- gress, appointed under the conculrrent resolut~io~n As to their condition at the close of the rebelof December13, 1865, with direction to "in- lion, the evidence is open to all, and admits of Of Decrber'13, 1865, with direction to "einquire into the conditin o the States which no dispute. They were in a state of utter exhaustion. Having protracted their str, and them are entitled to be rejuresented in eithercessful resistance had ceased, and laid down their otheidre entitled to be reCraesenoted in either t e the ower to House of Congress, with leave to report by bill arms only because there was no. longer any or o gtheyrwoise, as leave to report: power to use them, the people of those States to x resotherwse. a were left bankrupt in their public finances, and That they have attended to the duty assigned shorn of the private wealth wvhich had before them as assiduously as other duties would per- given them power and influence. They were mit, and now submit to' Congress, as the result also necessarily in a state of complete anarchy, of their deliberations, a resolution proposing withput governments and without the power to amendments to the Constitution, and two bills, frame governments except by the permission of of which they recommend the adoption. those who had been successful in the war. The Before proceeding to set forth in detail their President of the United States, in the proclamas reasons for the conclusion to which, after great tions under which he appointed provisional govdeliberation, your committee have arrived, they ernors, and in his various communications to beg leave to advert, briefly, tothe crse of them, has, in exact terms, recognized' the fact proceedings they found it necessary to adopt, that the people of those States were, when the and to explain the reasons therefor. rebellion was crushed, "deprived of all civil The resolution under which your committee. government," and' must proceed to organize was appointed directed them to inquire into the anew. In his conversation with Mr. Stearns, of condition of the Confederate States, and'report Massach-setts, certified by himself, President whether they were entitled to representation in Johnson said "the State institutions are prosCongress. It is obvious that shch an investiga- trated, laid out on the ground, and they must be tion, covering so large an extent of territory and taken up and adapted to the progress of events." involving so many important considerations, Finding the Southern States in this condition, must necessarily require no trifling labor, and and Congress having failed to provide for the consume a very considerable amount of timeq. contingency, his duty was obvious. As PresiIt must embrace the condition in which those dent of the United States he had no power, x REPORTS ON RECONSTRUCTION. 85 cept to execute the laws of the land as'Chief erly permit the people to assemble, and to;litiMagistrate. These laws gave him no authority ate local governments, and to execute such local over the subject of reorganization; but by the laws as they might choose to frame not inconConstitution he was commander-in-chief of the sistent with, nor in opposition to, the laws of army and navy of the United States. These the United States. And, if satisfied that they -Confederate States embraced a portion of the might safely be left to themselves, he might people of the Union who had been in a state of withdraw the military forces altogether, and revolt, but had been reduced, to obedience by leave the people,f any or.all of these States to force of arms. They were in an abnormal con- govern themselves without his interference. In dition, without civil government, without com- the language of'the Secretary of State, in his mercial connections, without national or inter- telegram to the provisional governor of Georgia, national relations, and subject only to martial dated October 28, 1865, he might "recognize the law. By withdrawing their representatives in people of any State as having resumed the relaCongress, by renouncing the privilege of iepre- tions of loyalty to the Union," and act in his sentation, by organizing a separate government, military capacity on this hypothesis. All this. and by levying war against the United States, was within his own discretion, as military com-' they destroyed their State constitutions in lres- mander. But it was not for him to decide upon pect to the vital principle which connected their the nature or-effect of any system of government respective States with the Union and secured which the people of these States might see fit to their federal relations; and nothing of those adopt. This power-islodged by the Constitution constitutions was left of which the United States in the Congress of the United States, that branch were bound to take notice. For four years they of the government in which is vested the auhad a defacto government, but it was usurped thority to fix the political relations of the States and illegal. They chose the tribunal of arms to the Union, whose duty is to guarantee to wherein to'decide whether or not it should be. each State a republican.form of government, and legalized, and they were defeated. At the close to protect each and all of themn against foreign of the rebellion, therefore, the people of the re- or domestic violence, and against each other. We bellious States were found, as the President ex- cannot, therefore, regard the various acts of the presses it, "deprived of all civil government." President in relation to the formation of local Under this state of affairs it was plainly the governments in the insurrectionary States, and duty of the President to enforce existing national the conditions imposed by him upon their action, laws, and to establish, as far as he could, such a in any other light than as intimations to the system of government as might be provided for people that, as commander-in-chief of the army, by existing national statutes. As commander- he would consent to withdraw military rule in-chief of a victorious army, it was his duty, just in propqrtion as they should, by' their acts, under the law of nations and the army regula- manifest a disposition to preserve order among tions, to restore order, to preserve property, and themselves, establish governments denoting loyto protect the people against violence from any alty to the Union, and exhibit a settled determinaquarter until provision should be made by. law tion to return to their allegiance, leaving with the for their government. He iight, as President, law-making power to fix the terms of their final assemble Congress and submit the whole matter restoration to all their rights and privileges as to the law-making power; or he might continue States of the Union. That this was the view of: military supervision and control until Congress his power taken by the President is evident from should assemble on its'regular appointed day. expressions to that effect in the communications Selecting the latter alternative, he proceeded, by of the Secretary of State to the various provisvirtue of'his power as commander-in-chief, to iohal governors, and the repeated declarations of appoint provisional governors over the revolted the President himself, Any other supposition States. These were regularly commissioned, and inconsistent with this would impute to the Presitheir compensation was paid, as Me Secretary of dent designs of encroachment upon a co-ordinate War states, " from the appropriation for army branch of the government, which should not be contingencies, because the duties performed by lightly attributed to the Chief Magistrate of the the parties were regarded as of a temporary nation. character; ancillary to the withdrawal of mili- When Congress assembled in December last tary force, the disbandment of armies, and the the people of most of the States lately in rebelreduction of military expenditure; by provis- lion had, under the adviceof the President, orional organizations for the protection of civil ganized local-governments, and some of them rights, tihe preservation of peace, and to take had acceded to the terms proposed by him. In the place of armed force in the respective States." his annual message he stated, in general terms, It cannot, we think, be contended that these what had been done, but he did not see fit to governors possessed, or could exercise, any but communicate the details for the information of military.authority. They had no power to or- Congress. While in this and in a subsequent ganize civil governments, nor to exercise any message the President urged the speedy restoraauthority except that which inhered in their tion of these States, and expressed the opinion own persons under their commissions. Neither that their condition was such as to justify their had the President, as commander-in-chief, any restoration, yet it is quite obvious that Conother than military power. Buthe was in ex- gress must either have acted blindly on that clusivepossession~of the military authority. It opinion of the President, or proceeded to obtain was for him to decide how far he would exercise the information requisite for intelligent action it, how far he would relax it, when and on what on the subject. The impropriety of proceeding terms he would withdraw it. He might prop- wholly on the judgment of any one man, how 86 POLITICAL MANUAL. ever exalted his station, in a matter involving could only be had to the examination of witthe welfare of thk republic in all future time, or nesses whose position had given them the best of adopting any plan, coming from any source, means of forming an accurate judgment, who without fully understanding a11 its bearings and could state facts from their own observation, and comprehending its full effect, was apparent. The whose character and' standing afforded the best first step, therefore, was to obtain the required evidence of their truthfulness and impartiality. information. A-call was accordingly made on A work like this, covering so large an extentpf the President for the infornrtion in his posses- territory, and embracing such complicated and sion as to what had been done, in order that extensive inquiries, necessarily required much Congress might judge for itself as to the grounds time and- labor. To shorten the time as much of the belief expressed by him in the'fitness of as possible, the work was divided and placed in States recently'in rebellion to participate fully the hands of four sub-committees, who have in.the conduct of national affairs. Thisinforma- been diligently employed in its accomplishment. tion was not immediately communicated! When The results of thei labors have been heretofore the response was finally made, some six weeks submitted, and the country will judge how far after your committee had been in actual session, they sustain the President's views, and how far it was found that the evidence upon which the they justify the conclusions to which your comPresident seemed to have based his suggestions mittee have finally arrived. was incomplete and unsatisfactory. Authenti- A claim for the immediate..admiss'ion of Sena-.cated copies of the new constitutions and ordi- tors and Representatives from the so-called Connances adopted by the conventions in three of federate States has been urged, which seems to the States had been submitted, extracts from your committee not to be founded either in reanewspapers furnished scanty information as to son or in law, and which cannot be passed withthe action of one other State, and nothing ap- out comment. Stated in a few words, it amounts pears to have been communicated as to the re- to this: That, inasmuch as the lately insurgent mainder. There was no evidence of the loyalty States had no legal right to separate themselves of those who had participated in these conven- fr'om the Union, they still retain their positions tions, and in one State alone was any proposi- as States, and consequently the people thereof tion made to submit the action of the conven- have a right to immediate representation in Contions to the final judgment of the people. gress without the imposition of any conditions Failing to obtain the desired information, and whatever; and further, that until such admisleft to grope for light wherever it might be found, sion. Congress has no right to tax. them for the your committee did not deem it either advisable support of the Government. It has even been or safe to adopt, without further examination, contended that until such admission all legislathe suggestions of the President, more especially. tion affecting their interests is, if not unconstias he.had not deemed it.expedient to remove the tutional, at least unjustifiable and oppressive. military force, to suspend martial law, or to re- It is believed by your committee that all these store the writ of habeas corpus, but still thought propositions are not only wholly untenable, but, it necessary to exercise over the people of the if admitted, would tend to the destruction of the rebellious States his military power and juris- Government. ~diction. This conclusion derived still greater It must not be forgottenthatthe people of these force from the fact, undisputed, that in all these States, without justification or excuse, rose ininStates, except Tennessee and perhaps Arkansas, surreotion against the United States. They delibthe elections which were held for State officers erately abolished their State goverernments so and members of Congress had resulted, almost far as the same connected them politically with universally, in the defeat of candidates Who had the Union as members thereof under the Constibeen true to the Union, and in the election oj tution. They deliberately renounced their allenotorious and unpardoned rebels, men who could giance to the Federal Government, and pronot take the prescribed oath of office, and who ceeded to establish an independent government made no secret of their hostility to the Govern- for themselves. In the prosecution of this enterment and the, people of the United States. Un- prise they seized the nationalforts, arsenals, dockder these circumstances, anything like hasty ac- yards, and other public property within their tion would have been as dangerous as it was borders, drove out from among them those who obviously unwise. It appeared to your com- remained true to the Union, and heaped every mittee that but one course remained, viz: to in- imaginable insult and injury upon the United vestigate carefully and thoroughly the state of States and its citizens. Finally they opened hosfeeling and opinion existing among the people tilities, and levied war against the Government. of these States; to ascertain how far' their pre- They continued this war for four years with tended loyalty could be relied upon, and thence the most determined and malignant spirit, killing to infer whether it would be safe to admit them in battle and otherwise large numbers of loyal at once to a full participation in the Govern- people, destroying the property of loyal citizens ment they had fought for four years to destroy. on the sea and on the land, and entailing on the It' was an equally important inquiry whether Government an enormous debt, incurred to sustheir restoration to their former relations with tain itsrightful authority. Whether legally and -the United States shou'ld only be granted upon constitutionally or not., they did, in fact, withcertain conditions and guarantees which would draw from the Union and made themselves sub-'effectually secure the nation against a recur- jectsf another government oftheir own creation. rence -of evils so disastrous as those from which And they only yielded when, after a long, bloody,'it had escaped at so enormous a sacrifice. and wasting war, they were compelll by utter To obtain the necessary information recourse exhaustion to lay down their arms; and thfs REPORTS ON RECONSTRUCTION. 87 they did not willingly, but declaring that they eral authority. It must have a government' yielded because they'ould no longer resist, afford- republican in form, under and by which it is ing no evidence whatever of repentance for their connected with the General Government, and crime, and expressing no regret, except that they through which it can discharge its obligations. had no longer the power to continue the despe- It is more than idle, it is a mockery, to contend'rate struggle. that a people who have thrown off their alleIt cannot, we think, be denied by any one, giance, destroyed the local government which'having a tolerable acquaintance withpubliclaw, bound their States to the Union as members that the war thus waged was a civil war of the thereof, defied its authority, refused to execute greatest magnitude. The people waging itwere its laws, and abrogated every provision which necessarily subject to all the rules which, by the gave them political rights within the Union,' law of nations, control a contest of that charac- still retain, through all, the perfect and entire ter, and to all the legitimate consequences follow- right to resume, at their own will and pleasure, ingit. One of thos'consequences was that, within all their privileges within the Union, and espethe limits prescribed by humanity, the conquered cially to participate in its government, and to rebels were at the nercy of the conquerors. That control the conduct of-its affairs. To admit agovernment- thus outraged had a most perfect such a principle for one' moment would be to right to exact indemnity for the injuries done declare that treason is always master and loyand security against the recurrence of such out- alty a blunder. Such a principle is void by its rages in the future would seem too clear for dis- very nature and essence, because inconsistent pute. What the n'ature of that security should with the theory of government, and fatal to its be, what proof should be required of a return,.to very existence. allegiance, what time should elapse before a peo- On the contrary, we assert that no portion of ple thus demoralized should be restored in\full the people of this country, whether in State or to the enjoymentof political rights and privileges, Territory, have the right, while remaining on its are questions for the law-making power to decide, soil, to withdraw from or reject the authority of and that decision must depend on grave consid-'the United States. They must obey its laws as erations of the public safety and the general param'ount, and acknowledge its jurisdiction. welfare. They have no right to secede; and while they It is moreover contended, and with apparent can destroy their State governments, and place gravity, that, from'the peculiar nature and tlemselves beyond the pale of the Union, so far'character of our Government, no such right on as the exercise of State privileges is concerned, the part of the conqueror can exist; that from they cannot escape the obligations imposed upon the moment when rebellion lays down its arms them by the Constitution and the laws, nor imand actual hostilities cease, all political rights pair the exercise of national authority.'The Conof rebellious communities are at once restored; stitution, it will be observed, does not' act upon that, because the people of a State of the Union States, as such, but upon the people; while, were once an organized community within the therefore, the people cannot escape its authority, Union, they necessarily so remain, and their the States'may, through the act of their people, tight to be represented in Congress at any and all cease to exist in an organized form, and thus times, and to participate in the government of dissolve their political relations with the United the country under all circumstances, admits of States. heither question nor dispute. If this is incdeed That taxation should be only with the consent true, then then is the Government of the United of the taxed, through their own representatives, States powerless for its own protection,'and isia cardinal principle of all free governments; flagrant rebellion, carried to the extreme of but it is not true that taxation and representacivil war, is a pastime which any State may tion must go together under all circumstances, play at, not only certain that it can lose noth- and at every momentof time. Thepeopleof the ng in any event, but may even be the gainer by District of Columbia and of the Territories are defeat. If rebellion succeeds, it accomplishes taxed, although not representedin Congress. If its purpose and destroys the Government. If it it is true that the people of the so-called Confedfails, the war has been barren of results, and rate States had no right to throw off the authe battle may be still fought out in the legis- thority of the United States, it is equally true lative halls of the country. Treason, defeated that they are bound at all times to share the in the field, has only to take possession of Con- burdens of government. They cannot, eitherlegross and the cabinet. gally or equitably, refuse to bear their just proYour committee does not deem it either neces- portion of these burdens by voluntarily abdisery or proper to discuss the question whether cating their rights and privileges' as States of the late Confederate States are still. States of the Union and refusing to be represented in the this Union, or can even be otherwise. Grant- councils of the nation, much less by rebellion ing this profitless abstraction, about which so against national authority and levying war. many words have been wasted, it by no means To hold that by so doing they could escape taxfollows that the people of those States may not' ation would be to offer a premium for insurrecplace themselves in a condition to abrogate the tion, to reward instead of punishing for treason. powers and privileges incident to a State of the To hold that as soon as government is restored ~nlIon, and deprive themselves of all pretence of to its full authority it can be allowed no time to ight to exercise those powers and enjoy those' secure itself against similar wrongs in the fuprivileges. A State within the Union has obli- ture, or else omit the ordinary exercise of its iations to discharge as a member of the Union. constitutional power to compel equal contribuIt nst submit to federal laws and uphold fed- tion from all towards the expenses of govern 88 POLITICAL MANUAL. ment, would be unreasonable in itself and tation for all necessarily follows. As a conseunjust tothenation. Itis sufficienttoreply that quence the inevitable effect of the rebellion the loss of representation by the people of tle would be to increase the political power of the insurrectionary States was their own voluntary insurrectionary States, whenever they should choice. They might abandon their privileges, be allowed to resume their positions as States of but they could not escape their obligations; the Union. As representation is by thelConstiand surely they have no right to complain tution based upon population, your committee if, before resuming those privileges, and while the did not think it advisable to. recommend a people of the United States are devising measures change of that basis. The increase of represenfor the public safety, rendered necessary by tation necessarily resulting from the abolition the act.of those who thus disfranchised them- of slavery was considered the most important selves, they are compelled to contribute their element in the questions arising out of the just proportion of the general burden of taxa- changed condition of affairs, and the necessity tion incurred by their wickedness and folly. for some fundahental action in' this regard Equally absurd is the pretense that the legis- seemed imperative. It appeared to your comlative authority of the nation must be inopera- mittee that the rights of these persons by whom tive so far as they are concerned, while they, by the basis of representation.had been thus intheir own act, have lost the right to take part creased should be recognized by the General in it. Such a proposition carries its own refu- Government. While slaves, they were not contation on its face. sidered as having any rights, civil or political. While thus exposing fallacies which, as your It did not seem just or proper that all the politicommittee believe, are resorted to for the purpose cal advantages derived from their becoming free of misleading the people and distracting their at- should be confined to their former masters, who tention from the questions at issue, we freely had fought against the Union, and withheld admit that such a condition of things should be from themselves, who had always been loyal. brought, if possible, to a speedy termination. Slavery, by building up a ruling and dominant It is most desirable that the Union of all the class, had produced a spirit of oligarchy adverse States should become perfect at the earliest mo- to republican institutions, which finally inaugument consistent with the peace and welfare of rated civil war. The tendency of continuing the nation; that all these States should become the domination of such a class, by leaving it in fully represented in the national councils, a'nd the exclusive possession of political power, would take their share in the legislation of the coun- be to encourage the same spirit, and lead to a try. The possession and exercise of more than similar result. Doubts were entertained whether its just share of power by any section is inju- Congress had power,.even under the amended rious, as well to that section as to all others. Its Constitution, to prescribe the qualifications of tendency is distracting and demoralizing, and voters in a State, or could act directly on the such a state of affairs is only to be tolerated on subject. It was doubtful, in the opinion of your the ground of a necessary regard to the public committee, whether the States would consent to safety. As soon as that safety is'secured it surrender a power they had always exercised, should terminate. and to which they were attached. As the best, Your committee came to the consideration of if not the only, method of surmounting the diffithe subject referred to them with the most culty, and as eminently just and proper in itself, anxious desire to ascertain what was the condi- your committee came to the conclusion that potion of the people of the States recently in in- litical power should be possessed in all the States surrection, and what, if anything, was necessary exacqtly in proportion. as the right of suffrage to be done before restoring them to the full en- should be granted, without distinction of color joyment of all their original privileges. It was or race.' This it was thought would leave the undeniable that the war into which they had, whole question with the petple of each State, plunged the country had materially changed holding out to all the adv.antage of increased their relations to the people of the loyal States. political power as an inducement to allow all to Slavery had been abolished by'constitutional participate in its exercise. Such a provision amendment. A large proportion of the popu- would be in its nature gentle and persuasive, lation had become, instead of mere chattels, and would lead, it was hoped, at no distant day, free men and citizens. Through all the past to an equal participation of all, without distinestruggle these had remained true and loyal, and' tion, in all the rights and privileges of citizenhad, in large numbers, fought on the side of the ship, thus affording a full and adequate proteeUnion. It was impossible to abandon them tion to all classes of citizens, since all would without securing them their rights as free men have, through the ballot-box, the power of selfand citizens. The whole civilized world would protection. have cried out against such base ingratitude, Holding these views, your committee prepared and the bare idea is offensive to all right-think- an amendment to the Constitution to carry out ing men. Hence it became important to inquire this idea, and submitted the same to Congress. what could be done to secure their rights, civil Unfortunately, as we think, it did not receive and political. It was evident to your committee the necessary constitutional support in the Senthat adequate security could only be found in ate, and therefore could not be' proposed for appropriate constitutional provisions. By an adoption by the States. The principleinvolved original provision of the Constitution, epresen- in that amendment is, however, believed to be tation is based on the whole number of free sound, and your committee have again proposed persons in each State, and three-fifths of all it in another form, hoping that it may xeceivo other persons. When all become free, represen- the approbation of Congress. REPORTS ON RECONSTRUCTION. ) Your committee have been unable to'find, in fore, that the people of a State where the conthe evidence submitted to Congress by the Presi- stitution has been thus amended might feelthemdent, under date of March 6, 1866, in compliance selves justified in repudiating altogether all such with the resolutions of January 5 and February unauthorized assumptions of power, and might 27, 1866, any satisfactory proof that either of be expected to do so at pleasure. the insurreotionary States, except, perhaps, the So far as the disposition of the people of the State6 of Tennessee, has placed itself in a condi- insurrectionary States, aid the probability of tion to resume its political relations to the their adopting measures'conforming to the Union. The first step towards that end would changed condition of affairs, can be inferred necessarily be the establishment of a republican' from the papers submitted by the President as form of government by the people. It has been the basis of his action, the. prospects are far from before remarked'thattlle provisional governors, encouraging. It appears quite clear that the appointed by the President in the exercise of his anti-slavery amendments, both to the State and mtilitary authority, could do nothing by virtue Federal Constitutions, were adopted with relueof the power thus conferred towards the estab- tance by the bodies which did adopt them, while lishment of a State government. They were in some States they have been either paused by acting under the War Department and paid out in silence or rejected. The language of all tao of its fiunds. They were simply bridging over provisions and ordinances of these States on the the c!halm between rebellion and restoration. subject amounts to nothing more than an unAnd yet we find them calling conventions and willing admission of an unwelcome truth. As convening legislatures. Not only this, but we to the ordinance of secession, it is, in some cases find the- conventions and legislatures thus con-, declared."null and void," and in others simply vened acting under executive direction as to the "repealed;" and in no instance is a refutation provisions required to be adopted in their con- of this deadly heresy considered worthy of a stitutions and ordinances as conditions precedent place in the new constitution. to their recognition by the President. The in-'If, as the President assumes, these. insurreo ducement held out by the President for corn-. tionary States were, at the close of the war, pliance with the conditions imposed was, directlyI wholly without State governments, it would seem in one instance, and presumably, therefore, in- that, before being admitted to participation in others, the immediate admission of Senators and the direction of public affairs, such governments Representatives to Congress. The character of should be regularly organized. Long usage the conventions and legislatures thus assembled has established, and numerous statutes have was not" such as to inspire confidence in the good pointed out, the mode in which this should be faith of their members. Governor Perry, of done. A convention to fiame a form of governSouth Carolina, dissolved the convention assem- ment should be assembled under competent aubled in that State before the suggestion had thority. Ordinarily, this authority emanates reached Columbia -from Washington that the from Congress; but, under the peculiar circumrebel war debt should be repudiated, and gave stances, your committee is not disposed to critias his reason that it'was a " revolutionary body." cise the President's action in assuming the power There is no evidence of the loyalty or disloyalty exercised by him in this regard. The convention, of the members of those conventions and legis- when assembled, should frame a constitution of latures except the fact of pardons being asked government, which should be submitted to the for on their account. Some of these States now people for adoption. If adopted, a legislature claiming representation' refused to adopt the.should be convened to pass the laws necessary conditiops imposed. 1o reliable information is to carry it into effect. When a State thus orfound in these papers as to the constitutional ganized claims representation in Congress, the provisions of several of.these States, while in election of representatives should be provided not one of them is there the slightest evidence for by law, in accordance with the laws of Conto show that these " amended constitutions," as gress regulating representation, and the proof they are called, have ever been submitted to the that the action taken has been in conformity to people for their adoption. In North Carolina law should be submitted to Congress. alone an ordinance was passed to that effect, but In no case have these essential preliminary itdoes not appear to havebeen acted on. Not one steps been taken. The conventions assembled of them, therefore, has been ratified., Whether, seem to have assumed that the constitutions with President Johnson, we adopt the theory which had been repudiated and overthrown were that the old constitutions were abrogated and still in existence, and operative to constitutes destroyed, and the people " deprived of all civil the States members of the Union, and to have government," or whether we adopt the alterna- contented themselves with such amendments as tive doctrine that they were only suspended and they were informed were requisite in order to were revived by the suppression of the rebel- insure their return to an immediate participation lion, the newv provisions must be considered as in the Government of the United States. Not equally destitute of validity before adoption by waiting to ascertain whether thb people they the people. If the conventions were called for the represented, would adopt even the proposed sole purpose of putting the State governmentinto amendments, they at once ordered elections of operation, they had no power either to adopt a representatives to Congress, in nearly all innew constitution or to amend an.old one.with- stances before an executive had been cliosen to out the consent of the people. Nor could either issue writs of election under the State laws, and a convention or a legislature change.the funda- such elections as were held were ordered by the mental law without power previously conferred. conventions. In one instance, at least; the writs In the view of your committee, it follows, there- of election were signed by the provisional gov '90. POLITICAL MANUAL. ernor. Glaring irregularities and unwarranted ticipating at once in that Government which assumptions of posver are manifest in several they had for four years been fighting to overcases, particularly in South Carolina, where the throw. Allowed and encouraged by the Execuconvention, although disbanded by the pro- tive to organize State governments, they at once visional governor on the ground that it was a placed in power leading rebels, unrepentant and revolutionary body, assumed to redistrict the unpardoned, excluding with contempt those who State.'had manifested an attachment to the Union, and It is quite evideit from all these facts, and preferring, in many instances, those who had indeed from the whole mass of testimony sub- rendered themselves the most obnoxious. In mitted by the President to the Senate, that in the face of the law requiring an oath which no instance was regard paid to any other con- would necessarily exclude all such men from sideration than obtaining immediate admission federal offices, they elect, with very few excepto Congress, under the barren form of an election tions, as Senators and Representatives in Conin which no precautions were taken to secure gress men who had actively participated in the regularity of proceedings or the assent of the rebellion, insultingly denouncing the law as unpeople. No constitution has beenlegally adopted constitutional. It is only necessary.to instance except, perhaps, in the State of Tennessee, and the election to the Senate of the late vice presisuch elections as have been held were without dent of the Confederacy, a man who, against his authority of law. Your committee are accord- own declared convictions, had lent all the weight ingly forced to the conclusion that the States of his acknowledged ability and of his influence referred to lhave not placed themselves in a con- as a most prominent public man to the cause of dition to claim representation in Congress, unless the rebellion, and who, unpardoned rebel as he all the rules which have,'since the foundation is, with that oath staring him in the face, had,of the Government, been deemed essential in the assurance to lay his credentials on the table such cases should be disregarded. of the Senate. Other rebels of scarcely less note It would undoubtedly be competent for Con- or notoriety were selected from other quarters. gress to waive all formalities andto admit these Professing no repentance, glorying apparently Confederate States to representation at once, in the crime they had committed, avowing still, trusting that time and experience would set all as the uncontradicted testimony of Mr. Stephens things right. Whether it would be advisable to and many others proves, an adherence to the do so, however, must depend upon other con- pernicious doctrine of secession, and declaring siderations of which it remains to treat. But it that they yielded only to necessity, they insist, may well be observed, that the inducements to with unanimous voice, upon their rights as States, such a step should be of the very highest char- and proclaim that they will submit to no conacter. It seems to your committee not unreason- ditions whatever as preliminary to their reable to require satisfactory evidence that the sumption of power under that Constitution which ordinances and constitutional provisions which they still claim the right to repudiate. the President deemed essential in the- first in- Examining the evidence taken by your cornstanpe will be permanently adhered to by the mittee still further, in connection with facts too people of the States seeking restoration, after notorious to be disputed, it appears that- the being admitted to full participation in the southern press, with few exceptions, and those government, and will not be repudiated when mostly of newspapers recently established by that object shall have been accomplished. And northern men, abound with weekly and daily here the burden of proof rests upon the late abuse of the institutions and people of the loyal insurgents who are seeking restoration to the States; defends the men who led, and the princirights and privileges. which they willingly aban- ples which incited, the rebellion; denounces and doned, and not upon the people of the United reviles southern men who adhered to the Union;.States who have never undertaken, directly or and strives, constantly and unscrupulously, by indirectly, to deprive them thereof. It should every means in its power, to keep alive the fire appear affirmatively that they are prepared and of hate and discord between the sections; calling disposed in good faith to accept the results of upon the President to violate his oath of'office, the war, to abandon their hostility to the Gov- overturn the Government by force of arms, and ernment, and to live in peace and amity with drive the representatives of the people from their the people of the loyal States, extending to all seats in Congress. The national banner is classes of citizens equal rights and privileges, openly insulted, and the national airs scoffed at, and conforming to the republican idea of liberty not only by an ignorant populace, but at public and equality. They should exhibit in their acts meetings, and once, among other notable in-' something more than an unwilling submission stances, at a dinner given in honor of a notorious to an unavoidable necessity-a feeling, if not rebel who had violated his oath and abandoned cheerful, certainly not offensive and defiant. his flag. The same individual is elected to an And they should evince an entire repudiation important office in the leading city of his State, of all hostility to the General Government, by although an unpardoned rebel, and so offensive an acceptance of such just and reasonable con- that the President refuses to allow him to enter ditions as that Government should think the upon his official duties. In another State the'public safety demands. Has this been done? leading general of the rebel armies is openly Let us look at the facts shown by the evidence nominated for governor by the speaker of the taken by the committee. house of delegates, and the nomination is hailed Hardly is the war closed before the people of by the people with shouts of satisfaction, and these insurrectionary States come forward and openly indorsed'by the press. haughtily claim, as a right, the privilege of par- Looking still further at the evidence taken REPORTS ON RECONSTRUCTION. 91.by your committee, it is found to be clearly cisive. While it -appears that nearly all are slhown, by witnesses of the highest character, willing to submit, at least for the time being. to and having the best means of observation, that the federal authority, it is equally clear that the the Freednien's Bureau, instituted for the relief ruling motive is a desire to obtain the advantaand protection of freedmen and )refugees, is ges which will be derived from- a representation almost universally opposed by the mass of the in Congress. Officers of the Union army on population, and exists in an efficient condition duty, and northern men who go South to enonly under military protection, while the Union gage in business, are generally detested and promen. of the South are earnest in its defence, scribed. Southern men who adhered to the ldeclaiing with one voice that without its pro- Union are bitterly hated and relentlessly persetection the colored people would not be permit- cuted. In some localities prosecutions have ted to labor at fair prices, and could hardly live been instituted in State courts against Union in safety.' They also testify that' without the officers for acts done in the line of official duty, protection of United States troops Union men, and similar prosecutions are threatened elsewhether of northern or southern origin, would where as soon as the United States troops are be obliged to abandon their homes. The feeling removed..All such demonstrations show a state in many portions of the country towards the of feeling against which it is unmistakably neemancipated slaves, especially among the uned- cessary to guard. ucated and ignorant, is one of vindictive and The testimony is conclusive that after the colmalicious hatred..This deep-seated prejudice lapse of the Confederacy the feding of the people against color is assiduously cultivated by the of the rebellious States was that of abject subpublic journals, and leads to acts of cruelty, mission. Havint-\appealed to the tribunal of oppression, and murder, which the local author- arms, they had no hope except that by th-e ities are at no pains to prevent or punish. There magnanimity of their conquerors their. lives, and s no general disposition to place the colored possibly their property, might be preserved. race, constituting at least two fifths of the popu- Unfortunately, the general issue of pardons to lation, upon terms even of civilequality. While persons who had been prominent in the rebelmany instances may be found where large lion, and the feeling of kindness and conciliation planters and men of the better class accept the manifested by the Executive, and very genesituation, and honestly strive to bring about a rally indicated through the northern press, had better order of things, by employing the freed- the effect to render whole communities forgetful men at fair wages and treating them kindly, of the crime they had committed, defiant towards -the general feeling and disposition among all the Federal Government, and regardless of their classes are yet totally averse to the toleration duties as citizens. The conciliatory measures.of of any class of people friendly to the Union, the Government do not seem to have been met be they white or black; and this aversion is even half way. The bitterness and defiance exnot unfrequently manifested in an insulting and hibited'toward the United States under such ciroffensive manner. cumsta.nces is without a parallel in the history The witnesses examined as to the willingness of the world. In return for our leniency we of the people of the South to contribute, under receive only an insulting denial of our authorexisting laws, to the payment of the national ity. In return for our kind desire for the redebt, prove that the taxes levied by the United sumption of fraternal relations we receive'only States will be paid only on compulsion and an insolent assumption of rights and privileges with great reluctance, while there prevails, to a loig since forfeited. The crime we -have punconsiderable extent, an expectation that com- ished is paraded as a virtue, and the principles pensation will be made for slaves emancipated of republican government which we have vindiand property destroyed during the war. The cated at so terrible cost are denounced as unjust testimony on this point comes from officers of and oppressive. the Union army, officers of the late rebel army, If we add to this evidence the fact that, alUnion men of the Southern States, and avowed though peace has been declared by the Presisecessionists, almost all of whom state that, in dent, he has not, to this day, deemed it safe to their opinion, the people of the rebellious States restore the writ of haleas corpus, to relieve te would, if they should see a prospect of success, insurrectionary States of martial law, nor to repudiate the national debt. withdraw the troops from many localities, and While'there is scarcely any hope or desire that the dommanding general deems an increase among leading men to renew the attempt at of thearmy indispensable. to the. preservation secession at any future time, there is still, ac- of order and the protection of loyal and well-cording to a large number of witnesses, includ- disposed people in the South, the proof of a ing A. H. Stephens, who may be regarded as condition of feeling hostile to the Union and good authority on that point, a generally pre- dangerous to the Government throughout the vailing opinion which defends the legal right insurrectionary States would seem to be overof secession, and upholds the doctrine that the whelming. first allegiance of the people is due to the States, With such evidence'before them,, it is the.and not to the United States. This belief evi- opinion of your committeedently prevails among leading and, prominent I. That the States lately in rebellion were, ment as well as among the masses everywhere, at the close of the war, disorganized communiexcept in some of the northern counties of Ala- ties, without civil government, and without coabama and the eastern counties of Tennessee. stitutrins or other forms, by virtue of which The evidence of an intense hostility to the political relations could legally exist between Federal Union, and an equally intense love of them and the Federal Government. the-late Confederacy, nurtured by the war, is de- II. That Congress cannot be expected to m 92 POLITICAL MANUAL. oognize as valid the election of representatives tion of the same States into a confederacy, which from disorganized communities, which, from the levied and waged war, by soaiand land, against very nature of the case, were unable to present the United States. This war continued more their claim to representation under those estab- than -four years, within which period the rebel lished and recognized rules, the observance of armies besieged the national capital, invaded the which has been hitherto required. loyal States, burned their towns and cities, robIII. That Congress would not be justified in bed their citizens, destroyed more than 250,000 admitting such communities to a participation loyal soldiers, and imposed an increased national in the government of the country without first burden of not less than $3,500,000,000, of which providing such constitutional or other guaran- seven or eight hundred millions have already tees as will tend to secure the civil rights of all been met and paid. From the time these concitizens of the Republic; a just equality. of rep- federated States thus withdrew their representaresentation;'protection against claims founded tion in Congress and levied war against the United in rebellion and crime; a temporary restoration States, the great mass of their people became and of the right of suffrage to those who have not were insurgents, rebels, traitors, and all of them actively participated in the efforts to destroy assumed and occupied the political, legal, and the Union and overthrow the Government; and practical relation of enemies of the United States. the exclusion from positions of public trust of This position is established by acts of Congress at least a portion of those whose crimes have -and judicial decisions, and is recognized repeatproved them tohbe enemies to the Union, and edly by the President in public proclamations, unworthy of public confidence. documents, and sp'eeches. Your committee will, perhaps, hardly be deemed Second. The States thus confederated prosecoexcusable for extending this report further; ted their war against the United States to final but inasmuch as immediate and unconditi6nal arbitrament, and did not cease until all their representation of the States lately in rebellion armies were captured, their military power desis demanded as a matter of right, and delay, and troyed, their civil officers, State and confederate, even.hesitation, is denounced as grossly oppres- taken prisoners or put to flight, every vestige of sive and unjust, as well as unwise and impolitic, State and confederate government obliterated, it may not be amiss again to call attention'to a their territory overrun and occupied by the fedefew undisputed and notorious facts, and the ral armies, and their people reduced to the conprinciples of public law' applicable thereto, in dition of enemies conquered in war, entitled only order that the propriety of that claim may be by public law to such rights, privileges, and confully considered and well understood. ditions as might be vouchsafed by the conqueror. The State of Tennessee occupies a position This position is also established by judicial decidistinct from all the other insurrectionary States, sions, and is recognized by the President in public and has been the subject of a separate report, proclamations, documents, and speeches. which your committee have not thought it expe- Third. Having voluntarily deprived themdient to disturb. Whether -Congress. hall see selves of representation ith Congress, for the fit to make that State the subject of separate criminal purpose of destroying the FederalUnion, action, or to include it in the same category with and having reduced themselves, by the act of all others, so far as concerns the imposition levying war, to the condition of public enemies, of preliminary conditions, it is not within the they have no right to complain of temporary exprovince of this committee either to determine clusion from Congress; but on the contrary or advise. having voluntarily renounced the right to reJl To ascertain whether any of the so-called resentation, and disqualified themselves by criue Confederate States "are entitled to be repre- from participating.in the Government, the buren sented in either House of Congress," the essen- now rests upon them, before claimingto be reintial inquiry is, whether there is, in any one of stated in their former condition, to show that them, a constituency qualified to be represented. they are qualified to resume federal relations. in Congress. The question how far persons In order to do this, they must prove that they claiming seats in either House possess the cre- have established, with the consent of the people, dentials necessary to enable them to represent a republican forms of government in harmony with duly qualified constituency is one for the con- the Constitution -and laws of the United States, sideration of each House separately, after the that all hostile purposes have ceased, and should preliminary question shall.have been finally give adequate guarantees against future treason determined. and rebellion-guarantees which shall prove We now propose to re-state, as briefly as satisfactory to the Government against which possible, the general facts and principles appli- they rebelled, and by whose arms they were subcable to all the States recently in rebellion. dued. First. The seats of the senators and repre- Fourth. Having, by this treasonable withsentativeA from the so-called Confederate States drawal from Congress, and by flagrant rebellion became vacant in the year 1861, during the and war, forfeited all civil and political rights secondsession of the Thirty-sixth Congress, by the and privileges under the Constitution, they can voluntary withdrawal of their incumbents, with. only be restored thereto by the permission and the sanction and by direction of the legislatures authority of that constitutional power against or conventions of their respective States. This which they rebelled and by which they were was done as a hostile act against the Constitution subdued. and Government of the United States, with a de-., Fifth. These rebellious enemies were conquerclared intent to overthrow the same by forming edby the'people of the United States, acting a.southern confederation; This act of declared through all the co-ordinate branches of the hostility was speedily followed by an organiza- Government, and not by the executive depat REPORTS ON RECONSTRUCTION. 93 meent alone. The powers of conqueror are not stitutional form of government is thereby praeso vested in the President that he can, fix and tically destroyed, and its powers absorbed in regulate the terms of settlement and confer the Executive. And while your committee do congressional representation on conquered reb- not for a moment impute to the President any els and traitors. Nor can he, in any.way, qualify such design, but cheerfully concede to him the enemies of the Government to exercise its law- most patriotic motives, they cannot but look making power. The authority to restore rebels with alarm upon a precedent so fraught with to political power in the Federal Government danger to. the Republic. can be exercised only with the concurrence.of Ninth. The necessity of providing adequate all the departments in whick political power is safeguards for the fntu e, before restoring the invested; and hence the several proclamations of surrectionary States to a participation in the the President to the people of the Confederate' direction of public affairs, is apparent from the States cannot be considered as extending beyond bitter hostility to the Government -and people of the purposes declared, and can only be regarded the United States yet existing throughout the as provisional permission by the commander-in- conquered territory, as provpd incontestably by chief of tle army to do certain acts, the effect the testimony of many witnesses and by unand validity whereof is to be determined by the disputed facts. conl.titutional government, and not solely by the Tenth. The conclusion of your committee executive power. therefore is, that the so-called Confederate States Sixth. The question before Congress is, then, are not at present entitled to representation in whether'conquered enemies have the right, and the Congress of the United States; that, before shall be permitted at their own pleasure and on allowing such representation, adequate security their own terms, to participate in making laws for future peace and safety should be, required; for their conquerors; whether conquered rebels that this can only be found in such changes of may change their theatre of operations from the organic law as shall determine the civil the battle-field, -where they were defeated and rights and privileges of all citizens" in all parts overthrown, to the halls of Congress, and, of the Republic, shallplace representation on an through their representatives, seize upon,the equitable basis, shall fix a stigma upon treason, Government which they fought to destroy; and protect the loyal people against future whether the national treasury; the army of the claims for the expenses incurred in support of. nation, its navy, its forts and arsenals, its whole rebellion and for manumitted slaves, together civil administration, its credit, its; pensioners, with an express grant of.power in Congress to the widoWs an orphans of those who perished enforce those provisions. To this end they offer in the war, the public honor, peace and safety, a joint resolution for amending the Constitution shall all be turiner over to the keeping of its of the United States, and the two several bills recent enemies without delay, and without im- designed to carry the same into effect, before posing such conditions as, in the opinion of referred to. Congress, the security of the country and its Before closing this report, your committee beg institutions may demand. leave to state that the specific recommendations Seventh. The history of mankind exhibits no submitted by them are the result of mutual conexample of such madness and folly. The in- cession, after a long and careful comparison of stinct of self-preservation protests against it. conflicting opinions. Upon a question of such The surrender by Grant to Lee, and by Sler- magnitude, infinitely important as it is to the man to Johnston, would have been disasters of future of the Republic, it was not to be expected less magnitude, for new armies could have been that all should think alike. Sensible of the imraised, new battles fought, and the Government perfections of the scheme, your committee subsaved. The anti-coercive policy, which, under mit it to Congress as the best they could agree pretext of avoiding bloodshed, allowed the re- upon, in the hope that its imperfections may be hellion to take form and gather force, would be cured, and its deficiencies supplied, by legislasurpassed in infamy by the matchless wickedness tive wisdom; and that, when finally adopted, that would now surrender the halls of Congress it may tend to restore peace and harmony to to those so: recently in rebellion, until proper the whole country, and to place our repuhlican precautions shall have been taken to secure the institutions on a more stable foundation. national faith and the national safety. - W. P. FESSENDEN, Eighth. As has been shown in this report, and JAMES W. GRIMES, in the evidence submitted, no proof has been IRA HARRIS, afforded by Congress. of a constituency in any J.M. HOWARD one of the so-called Confederate States, unless GEORGE H. WILLIAMS, we except the State of Tennessee, qualified to TrLADDEUS STEVEN'S, elect Senators and Representatives in Congress. ELIHU B. WASnBURNx No State constitution, or amendment to a State JUSTIN S. MORILL, constitution, has had the sanction of the people. Jso. A. BINGHAM, All the so-called legislation,of State conventions RoscoE CONKILING, and legislatures has been had under military GEORGE S. BOUTWELL. dictation. If the Presidernt may, at his will, and under his own authority, whether as mili- Xinority Report. tary commander or chief executive, qualify er- un22-Mr. in the Sen and eons to appoint Senators and elect lepresenta- RO S in the ouse sdbmitted this tives, and-epapower others to appoint and elect them, he thereby practically controls the organi- REPORT: Ztion of the legislative department. The con- The undersigned, a minority of the jointcomn 94 POLITICAL MANUAL. mittee of the Senate and House of Represents- the- Corstitution was adopted. In each instance tives, constituted under the concurrent resolu- the State admitted has been "declared to be one tion of the 13th of December, 1865, making it of the United States, on an equal footing with their duty to "inquire into the condition of the the original States in all respects whatever." States which formed the so-called Confederate The Constitution, too, so far as most of the States of America, and to report whether they or' powers it contains are concerned, operates directly any of them are entitled to be represented in upon the people in their individual and aggreeither House of Congress, withleave to report by gate capacity, and on all alike. Each citizen; bill or otherwise," not being able to concur in therefore, of every State owes the same allethe measures recommended by the majority, or giance to the General Government, and is entiin the grounds upon' which they base them, beg tied to the same protection.. The obligation of leave to report: this allegiance it is not within the legal power In order to obtain a correct apprehension of of his State or of himself to annul' or evade. It the subject, and as having a direct bearing upon is made paramount and perpetual, and for that'it, the undersigned think it all important clearly very reason it is equally the paramount duty of to ascertain what was the. effect of the late in- the General Government to allow to the citizens surrebtion upon the relations of the States where of each State- and to the State, the rights seit prevailed to the General Government, and of cured to both, and the protection necessary to the people collectively and individually of such their full enjoyment. A citizen may, no doubt, States. To this inquiry they therefore first ad- forfeit such rights by committing a crime against dress themselves. the United States upon conviction of the same, First, as to the States. Did the insurrection where such forfeiture by law antecedently passed at its commencement, or at any subsequent time, is made a part of the punishment. But a State legally dissolve the connection between those cannot in its corporate capacity be made liable States and the Geheral Government? In our to such a forfeiture, for a State, as such, under judgment, so far from this being a "profitless the Constitution, cannot commit or be indicted abstraction," it is a vital inquiry. For if that for a crime. No legal proceeding, criminal or connection was not disturbed, such States dur- civil, can be instituted to deprive a State of the ing the entire rebellion were as completely com- benefits of the Constitution, by forfeiting as ponent States of the United States as they were against her any of the rights it secures. H-er before the rebellion, and were bound by all the citizens, be they few or many, may be proceeded obligations which the Constitution imposes, and against under the law and convicted, but the entitled to all its privileges.. Was not this their State remains a State of the Union. To concede condition? that, by, the illegal conduct of her own citizens, The opposite view alone can justify the denial'she can be withdrawn from the Union, is virtuof such rights and privileges. That a State-of ally to concede the right of secession. For what the Unior can exist without possessing them is difference does it make as regards the result inconsistent with the very nature of the Gov- whether a State can rightfully secede, (a docernment and terms of the Constitution. In its trine, by-the-by, heretofore maintained by nature the Government is formed of and by statesmen North as'well as South,) or whether States possessing equalrights and powers.'States by the illegal conduct of her citizens she ceases unequal are not known to the Constitution., In to be a State of the Union? In either case the its original formation perfect equality was se- end is the same. The only difference is that by cured. They were granted the same represen- the one theory she ceases by law to be such a tation in the Senate, and the same right to be State, and by the other by crime, without and represented in the House of Representatives; against law.. But the doctrine is wholly errothe difference in the latter being regulated only neous. A State once in the Union must abide by a'difference in population. But every State, in it forever. She can never withdraw from or be however small its population, was secured one expelled from it. A different principle would Representative in that branch. Each State was subject the Union to dissolution at any moment. given the right, and the same right, to partici- It is, therefore, alike perilous-and unsound. pate in the election of President and Vice Presi- Nor do we see that it has any support in the dent, and all alike were secured the benefit of measures recommended by the majority of the the judicial department. The Constitution, too, committee. The insurrectionary States are by was submitted to the people of each State sep- these measures conceded tobe'States of the Union. arately, and adopted by them in that capacity. The proposed constitutional amendment is to be The convention which framed it considered, as submitted to them as well as to the other States. they were bound to do, each as a separate' sov- In this respect each is placed on the same groun ereignty, that could not ~ be subjected to the To consult a State not in the Union on the proConstitution except by its own consent. That'priety of adopting a constitutional amendment consent was consequently asked and given. The to the government.of the Union, and which is equality, therefore, of rights was the condition necessarily to affect those States only composing of the original thirteen States before the Gov-'the Union, would be an absurdity; and to allow erriment was formed, and such equality was not an amendment, which States in the Union might only not interfered with, but guaranteed to desire, to be defeated by the votes of States not them as well in regardto the powers conferred in the'Union, would be alike nonsensical and upon the General Government, as to those re- unjust. The very measure, therefore, of subserved. to the States or to the people of the mitting to all the States forming the Union beStates. fore the insurrection a constitutional amendment, The same equality is secured to the States makes the inquiry, whether all at this time are which have been admitted into the Union since in or out of the Union, a vital one. If they are REPORTS ON RECONSTRUCTION. 95 not, all should not be consulted; if they are, The idea that thewar power, as such, has been they should be, and should be only because they used, or could have been used, to extinguish the are. The very fact, therefore, of such a sub- rebellion, is, in the judgment of the undersigned, mission concedes that the Southern States are, utterly without foundation. That power was and never ceased to be, States of the Union. given for a different contingency for the conTested, therefore, either by the nature of our tingency of a conflict with other governments, an Government or by the terms of the Constitution, international conflict. If it had been thought the insurrection, now happily and utterly sup- that that power was to be resorted to to suppress pressed, has in no respect changed the relations a domestic strife; the words " appropriate to that of the States, where it prevailed, to the General object" would have been used. But so far from Government. On the contrary, they are to all this having been done, in the same section that intents and purposes as completely States of the confers it, an express provision is inserted to Union as they ever were. In further support of meet the exigency of a domestic strife or insurthis proposition, if it needed any, we may confi- rection. To subdue that, authority is given to dently appeal to the, fact just stated, that the call out the militia. Whether, in the progress very measure recommended, a constitutional of the' effort to suppress an insurrection, the amendmentto be submitted to such States, fur- rights incident to war as between the United nishes such support; for, looking to and regard- States and -foreign nations may not arise, is a ing the rights of the other States, such a sub- question which in no way changes the character mission has no warrant or foundation. except of'the contest as between the Government and the upon.the hypothesis that they are as absolutely insurrectionists.. The exercise of such rights States of the Union as any of the other States. may be found convenient, or become necessary It can never be under any'circumstances a for the suppression of the rebellion, but the "profitless abstraction" whether under the Con- character of the conflict is in no way' changed stitution a State is or is'not a State of the Union. by a resbrt.to them. That remains, as at first, It. can never be such an abstraction whether the and must from its very nature during its continpeople of a State once in the Union can volun- uance remain, a mere contest in which the Govtarily or by compulsion escape or be freed from ernment seeks, and can only seek, to put an end the obligations it enjoins, or be deprived of the to the rebellion. That achieved, the original rights it confers or the protection it affords. condition of things is at once restored. Two A different doctrine necessarily leads to a judicial decisions have been made, by judges ofdissolution of the Union. The- Constitution eminent and unquestioned ability, which fully supposes that insurrections may exist in a State,.sustain our view. In one, that of Amy Warand provides for their suppression by giving wick, before the' United States district court of Congress the power to "call forth the militia" Massachusetts, Judge Sprague, referring to the for the purpose. The power is'not'to subjugate supposed effect of the belligerent rights which it the State within whose limits the insurrection was conceded belonged to the Government durmay prevail, and to extinguish it as a State, but ing the rebellion, by giving it, when suppressed, to preserve it as such by subduing the rebellion, the rights of conquest, declared: by acting on the individual persons engaged in "It has been supposed that if the Government it, and not on the State at all. The power is have the right of a belligerent, then, after the altogether conservative; it is to protect a State, rebellion is suppressed, it will have the rights of not, to destroy it; to,prevent her being taken conquest; that a State and its inhabitants may out of -the Union-by individual crime, not, in be permanently divested of all political advanany contingency, to put her out orkeep her out.. tages, and treated as foreign territory conThe continuance of the Union of all the quered by arms. This is an error, a grave and States is necessary to the intended existence of dangerous error. Belligerent rights cannot be the Government. The Government is formed exercised where there are no belligerents. onby a constitutional association of States, andits quest of a foreign country gives absolute, unlim-. integrity depends on the continuance of the ited sovereign rights, but no nation ever makes entire association. If one State is withdrawn such a conquest of its own territory. If a hosfrom it by any cause, to that extent is the Union tile power, either from without or within, takes dissolved. Those that remain may exist as a and holds possession and dominion over anyporgo-vernment, but it is not the very government tion of its territory, and the nation, by force of the Constitution designs. -That consists of all; arms, expel or overthrow the enemy, and supand its character is changed and its power is presses hostilities, it acquires no new title, and diminished by the absence of any one. merely regains the possession of that of which -A different principle leads to' a disintegration it has been temporarily deprived. The nation that must sooner or laterresult in the separation acquires no new sovereignty, but merely mainof all, and the consequent destruction of the tai,ns its previous rights. Government. To suppose that a power to pre- When the United States take possession of serve may, at the option of the body to which a rebel district, they; merely vindicate their preit is given, be used to destroy, is a proposition existing title. Under despotic governments conrepugnant to common sense; and yet, as the fiscation may be unlimited, but under our Govlate insurrection was put down by means of ernment the right of sovereignty over any portion that power, that being the only one conferred of a State is given and limited by the Constituupon Congress to that end, that proposition'is tion, and will be the same after the war as it the one on which alone it can be pretended that- was before." the Southern States are not in the Union now In the other, an application for habeas corpus as well as at first.'to Mr. Justice Nelson, one of the judges of the 4986~3~ 3POLITICAL MANUAL. Supreme Court of the Uiited States, by James- full enjoyment, of all her constitutional rights Egan, to be discharged from an imprisonment and privileges." to which he had been sentenced by a military Again, a contrary doctrine is inconsistent with commission in South Carolina, for the offence of the obligation which the Government is under murder alleged to have been committed in that to.each citizen of a State. Protection to each is State, and the discharge was-ordered, and, in an a part of that obligation-protection not only as opinion evidently carefully prepared, among against a foreign, but a domestic foe. To hold other things, said: that it is in the power of any part of the people "For all that appears,'the civil local courts of of a State, whether they constitute a majority the State of South Carolina werein the full ex- or minority, by engaging in insurrection and excise of. their judicial functions at the time.of adopting any measure in its prosecution to make,this trial, as restored by the suppression of the citizens who. are not engaged in it, but opposed rebellion, some seven months previously, and to it, enemies of the United States, having no' by the revival of the laws and the reorganiza- right to the protection which the Constitution tion of the State in obedience to, and in confer- affords to citizens who are tr'ue to their alle-mity with, its constitutional duties to the Union. giance, is as illegal as it would be flagrantly unIndeed, long previous to this the provisional just. During the conflict the exigency of the government had been appointed by the Presi- strife may justify a denial of such protection, dent, who is commander-in-chief of.the army and subject the unoffending citizen to inconveand navy of the United States, (and whose will nience or loss; but the conflict over, the exigency under martial law constituted.the only rule of ceases, and the obligation to afford him all the action,) for the special purpose of changing the immunities.and advantages of the Constitutior, existing state of th'ings, and restoring the civil one of which is the right to be represented in government over the people,. In operation of Congress, becomes absolute and imperative. A. this appointment, a new constitution had been different rule would enable the Government to fornied, a governor and legislature elected under escape a clear duty, and to commit a gross vioit, and the State placed n the full enjoyment, or lation of the Constitution. It has been said that entitled to'the full enjoyment, of all her constitu- the Supreme Couit have entertained a different tincdl rights and privileges. The constitptional doctrine in the prize cases. This, in the judg. laws of the Union were thereby enjoyed and mrient of the undersigned, is a clear misappre-.beyea, and were as authoritative and binding hension. One of the questions in those cases over the people of the State as in any other was, whether in such a contest as was being portion of the country, Indeed, the moment waged for the extinguishment of the insurrecthe rebellion was suppressed, and the govern- tion, belligerent rights, as between the United ment growing out of it subverted, the ancient States and other nations, belonged to the former. laws resumed their accustomed sway, subject only The Court properly held that they did; but the to the new reorganization by the appointment of parties engaged in the rebellion were desigthe proper officer to give them operation and effect. nated as traitors, and liable to be tried as traiThisorganization and appointment of the public tors when the rebellion should terminate. If functionaries, which was under the superinten- the Confederate States, by force of insurrection, dence arid direction of the President, the corm- became foreign States and lost their character as mander-in-chief of the army and navy of.the States of the Union, then the contest was an incountry, and who, as such, had previously gov- ternational one, and treason was no more comerned the State, from imperative necessity., by mitted by citizens of the former against the latter, the force of martial law, had already taken than by thosetf the latter against the former. place, and the necessity no longer existed." Treason necesarily assumes allegiance to the This opinion is the more authoritative than it government, and allegiance necessarily assumes might possibly.be esteemed otherwise, from its a continuing obligation to the government. being the first elaborate statement of the rea- Neither predicament was true, except upon the sons which governed the majority of the Supreme hypothesis that the old state of things continued. Court at the last term in their judgment in the In other words) that the States, notwithstandcase of Milligan and others, that military cor- ing the insurrection, were continuously, and are missions for the trial of civilians are not consti- now, States of the United States, and their cititutional. Mr. Justice Nelson was one of that zens responsibleto the Constitution and thelaws. majority, and of course was advised of the Second: what is there, then, inthe present poli~grounds of their decision. We submit that tical condition of such States that justifies their nothing could be.more conclusive in favor of exclusion from representation in Congress? I1 the doctrine for which they are cited than these it because they are without organized, governjudgments. In. the one, the proposition of ments, or without governments republican in conquest of a State as a right under the war to point of form? In fact, we know that they suppress the insurrection is not only repudiated have governments, completely organized with by Judge Sprague, but, because of the nature of legislative, executive, and judicial -functions. our Government, is considered to be legally im- We know that they are now in successful operapossible. " The right of sovereignty over any tion; no one within their limits questions their portion of a State will,' lie tells us, "only be legality, or is denied their protection. How thesame afterthewarasit wasbefore." Inthe they were formed, under what auspices they other, we are told " that the suppression of the were formed, are inquiries with which Congress rebellion restores the courts'of the State," and has no concern. The right of the people of a that when her government is reorganized she at State to form a government for themselves has onee is "in the full enjoyment, or entitled to the never been questioned. In the absence of any ret REPOBTS ON RECONSTRUCTION. 97 striction that right would be absolute; any form admission into the Union, no one has ever precould be adopted that they might determine up- tended that when that is had, the State can again on. The Constitution imposes but a single re- be brought within its influence. The power is striction-that the government adopted shall be exhausted when once executed, the subject forth"of a republican form," and this is done in the with passing outofits reach. The State admitted, obligation to guarantee every State such a form. like the original.thirteen States, becomes at once It gives no power to frame a constitution for a and forever independent of congressional control. State. It operates alone upon one already A different view would change the entire charaeformed by the State. In the words of the Fed- ter of the Government as its framers and their eralist, (No. 44,) "it supposes a pre-existing conte rporaries designed and understood it to be. government of the form which is to be guaran- They never intended to make the State governteed." It is not pretended that the existing ments subordinate to the General Government. governments of the States in question are. not of Each was to move supreme within its own orbit; the required form. Tlae objection is that they but as each would not alone have met the exigen-were not legally established. But it-is confi- cies of a government adequate to all the wants of,dently submitted that that is a matter with the people, the two, in the language of Mr. Jefferwhich Congress has nothing to do. The power son, constituted "co-ordinate departments of one to establish or modify a State government be- single and integral whole;" the one having the longs exclusively to the people of the State. power oflegislation and administration "in affairs When they shall exercise it, how they shall ex- which concerned their own citizens only;"' the ercise it, what provisions it shall contain, it is other, "whatever concerned foreigners, or citizens their exclusive right to decide; and when decfd- of other States." Within their respective limits ed, their decision is obligatory upon everybody, each is paramount. The States, as to all powers and independent of all congressional control, if not delegated to the General Government, are as such government be republican. To convert an independent of that government as the latter, in obligation of guarantee into an authority to in- regard to all powers that are delegated to it, is terfere in any way in the formation of the gov- independent of the governments of the States. ernment to be guaranteed is to do violence to The proposition, then, that Congress can, by force language. If it be said that the President did or otherwise, under the war or insurrectionary illegally interfere in the organization of such or any other power, expel a State from the Union, governments, the answers are obvious: First. or reduce it to a territorial condition and govern If it was true, if thepeople of such States not it as such, is utterly without foundation. The only have not, but do not, complain of it, but, on undersigned deem it unnecessary to examine the the contrary, have pursued his advice, and are question further. They leave it upon the obsersatisfied with and are living under the govern- vations submitted, considering it..perfectly clear ments they have adopted, and those govern- that States, notwithstanding occurring insurreemehts are republican in form, what right has tions, continue to be States of the Union. Congress to interfere or deny their legal exist- Thirdly. If this is so, it necessarily follows ence? Second. Conceding, for argument's that the rights of States under the Constitution, sake, that the President's alleged interference as originally possessed and enjoyed by them, are was unauthorized, does it not, and for the same still theirs, and those they are now enjoying, as reason, follow that any like interference by far as they depend upon the executive and juCongress would be equally unauthorized? A dicial departments of the government. Byeach different view is not to be maintained because of of these departments they are recognized as the difference in the nature of the powers con- States. By the one, all officers of the governferred upon Congress and the President, the one ment required'by law to be appointed in such being legislative and the other executive; for it States have been appointed, and are discharging, is equally, and upon the same ground, beyond without question, their respective functions. the scope of either to form a government for a By the other they are, as States, enjoying the people of a State once in the Union, or to expel benefit, and subjected to the powers of that desuch a State from the Union, or to deny, tempo- partment; a fact conclusive to show that, in the rarily or permanently, the rights which belong estimation of the judiciary, they are, as they to a State and her people under the Constitu- were at first, States of the Union, bound by the tion. laws of the Union, and entitled to all the rights Congress may admit new States, but a State incident to that relation. And yet, so far they once admitted ceases to be within its control, are denied that right which the Constitution and can never again be brought within it: What properly esteems as the security of all tie changes her people may.at any time think proper others-that right, without which government to make in her constitution is a matter with which is anything but a republic-is indeed but a tyneither Congress nor any department of the ranny-the right of having avoice in the legisGeneral Government can interfere, unless such lative department, whose laws bind them in perchanges make the State government anti-repub- son and in property;-this, it is submitted, ise lican, and then it can only bedone under the ob- state of things without example in a representaligation to guarantee that it be republican. tive republican government; and Congress, as Whatever may be the extent of the power con- long as it denies this right, is a mere despotism. ferred upon Congress in the 3d section, article 4, Citizens may be made to submit to it by force of the Constitution, to admit new States-in what or dread of force, but a fraternal spirit and good manner and to what extent they can, under that feeling toward, those who impose it, so important power, interfere in the formation and character to the peace and prosperity of the country, are of the Constitution of such States preliminary to not to be hoped for, but rather unhIppine 7 98 POLITICAL. MANUAL. dissatisfaction, and enmity. There is but one givenfor reflection, that this decision has been a ground on which such conduct can find any ex- fortunate one for the whole county; they'receivcuse-a supposed ~ public necessity; the peril of ing the like benefits from it with those who opdestruction to which the government would be posed them in the field and in the cause. *' subjected, if the right was allowed. But for "My observations lead me to the conclusion such a supposition there is not, in the opinion that the citizens of the southern States are anxof the undersigned, even a shadow of founda- ious to return to self-government within the Union tipn.. as soon as possible; that while reconstructing,'The representatives of the Sates in which they want and require protectionfrom the Govthere was no insurrection, if the others were ernment; that they are in earnest in iwishing to represented; would in the House, under the do what they think is required by the Governpresent apportionment, exceed the latter by a ment, not humiliating to them as citizens; and majority of seventy-two votes, and have a that if such a course was pointed out, they decided preponderance in the Senate. What. would pursue' it in good faith. It is to be redanger to the Government, then, can possibly gretted that there cannot be a greater commningarise from southern.representation? Are the ling at this time between the citizens of the two present Senators and Representatives fearful of sections, and particularly of those intrusted with themselves? Are they apprehensive that they the law-making power. might be led to the destruction of our institu- Secession, as a practical doctrine ever heretions by the persuasion, or any other influence,- after to be resorted to, is almost utterly abanof southern members? How disparaging to doned. It was submitted to and failed before themselves is such an apprehension. Are they the ordeal of battle. Nor can the undersigned apprehensive that those who may'succeed them imagine why, if its revival is anticipated as posfrom their respective States may be so fatally sible, the committee have not recommended an led astray'? How disparaging is that supposi amendment to the Constitution guarding against'tion to the patriotism and wisdom of their con- it in terms. Such an amendment, it cannot be stituents. Whatever effect on mere party suc- doubted, the southern as'well as northern States cess in the future such a representation may would cheerfully adopt.. The omission of such have we shall not sto.t o inquire. The idea a recommendation is. pregnant evidence that that the country is to be kept in turmoil, States secession, as a constituticmal right, is thought to be reduced to bondage, and their rights under by the majority of the committee to be, practithe Constitution denied,'and their citizens de- cally, a mere thing of the past, as all the proof graded, with a view toethe continuance in power taken by them shows it to be, in the opinion of of a mere political -party, cannot for'a moment all the leading southern men who hitherto enbe entertained without imputing gross dishonesty tertained it. The desolation around them, the of purpose and gross dereliction of duty to those hecatombs of their own slain., the stern patriotwho may entertain it. Nor do we deem it neces- ism of the men of the otheriStates, exhibited by sary to refer, particularly to the evidence taken unlimited expenditure of treasure and of blood, by the committee to show that there is nothing and their love of the Union so sincere and deepin the present condition of the people of the seated that it is seen they will hazard all to southern States that even excuses on that ground maintain it, have convinced the South that, as a denial of representation to them.'We content a practical doctrine, secession is extinguished ourselves with saying that in our opinion the forever. State secession, then, abandoned, and evidence most to be relied upon, whether regard- slavery abolished by the southern States theming the character of the witnesses or their means selves, or with their consent, upon what states of information, shows that representatives from manlike ground can such States be denied all the southern States would prove perfectly loyal. the rights which the Constitution secures to We. specially refer for this only to the testimony States of the Union? All admit that to do so of Lieutenant General Grant. His loyalty and at the earliest period is demanded by every conhis intelligence no one can doubt. In his letter sideration of duty and policy, and none deny to the President of the 18th of December, 1865, that the actual interest of the country is to after he had recently visited South Carolina, a great extent involved in such admission. North Carolina, and Georgia, he says: The staple productions of the Southern States " Both in travelling and while stopping, I saw are as important to the other States as to themmuch and conversed freely With the citizens of selves. Those staples largely enter into the those States, as ell as with officers of the army wants of all alike,' and they are also most imwho have been among them. The following are portant tothe financial credit of the Governthe conclusions'come to'by me': ment. Those staples will never be produced as "I am satisfied th:t themass of thinking men in the past until real peace, resting, as it can of the South accept the'present situation of af- alone rest, on the equal and uniform operation fairs in good faith.'The questions which have of the Constitution and laws on all, is attained. heretofore divided'the sentiments -of the people To suppose that a brave and sensitive people of the two sections-slavery and State rights, will givd an undivided attention to the increase or the right of a State to secede from the Union'of mere material wealth while retained in a state -they regard as having been settledforever'by of political inferiority and degradation is mere the highest tribunal, arms, that man can resort folly. They desire to be again in the Union, to to. I was pleased to learnfrom the leading mnenjoy the benefits of the Constitution, and they whom I met that'they not only accepted the de- invoke you to receive them. They have adopted eision arrived at as final, but that now, the smoke constitutions free from any intrinsic objection, of battle has cleared away and time has been and have agreedto eyevry stipulation thought by REPORTS ON RECONSTRUCTION. the President to be necessary for the protection To force negro suffrage upon any State by means and benefit of all, and in the opinion of the un- of a penalty' of a loss of part of its representadersigned they are amply sufficient. Why ex- tion, will not only be to impose a disparaging act, as' a preliminary condition to representa- condition, but virtually to interfere with the tion, more? What more are supposed to be clear right of each State to regulate suffrage for aecessary? First, the repudiation of the rebel itself, without the control of the Government of debt; second, the denial of all obligation to pay the United States.'Whether that control be exfor manumitted slaves;'third, the inviolability erted directly or indirectly, it will be considered, of our own debt. If these provisions aredeemed as it is, a fatal blow to the right which every necessary, they cannot be defeated, if the South State in the past has held vital, the right to were disposed to defeat them, by the admission regulate her franchise. into Congress of their representatives. Nothing To punish a State for not regulating it in a is more probable, in the opinion of the under- particular way, so as to give to all classes of the signed, than that many of the southern States people the privilege of suffrage, is but seeking to would adopt them all; but those measures the accomplish incidentally what, if itshould be done committee connect with others which we think at all, should be done directly. No reason, in the people of the South will never adopt. They the view of the undersigned, can be suggested are asked to disfranchise a numerous class of their for the course adopted, other than a belief that citizens, and also to agree to diminish their rep- such a direct interference would not be saneresentation in Congress, and of course in the elec- tioned by the northern'and western States, toral college, or to admit to the right of suffrage while, as regards such States, the actual recomtheir colored males of twenty-one years of age mendation, because.of the small proportion of and upwards, (a class now in a condition of negroes within their limits, will not in the least almost utter ignorance,) thus placing them on lessen their representative' po-wer in Congress ox the same political footing with white citizens of their influence in the presidential election, and that age. For reasons so obvious that the dullest they may therefore sanction it. This very inemay discover them, the right is not directly as- quality in its operation upon the States renders serted ofgrantirg suffrage to the negro. That the measure, in our opinion, most unjust, and, would be obnoxious to most of the Northern and looking to the peace and quiet of the country, Western States, so much so that theirconsent most impolitic. But the mode advised is also was not to be anticipated; butas the plan adopt- not only without but against all precedent. ed, because of the limited number of negroes in When'the Constitution was adopted it was such States, will haveno effect on their represent- thought to be defective in not sufficiently proation, it is thought it may be adopted, while in tecting certain rights of the States and the peothe southern States it will materially lessen their ple. With the view of supplying a remedy for number.. That these latter States will assent to this defect, on the 4th March, 1789, various tlhe measure can hardly be expected. The effect, amendments by a resolution constitutionally then, if not the purpose, of themeasure is forever passed by Congress were submitted for ratificato deny representatives to such States, or, if they tion to the States. They were twelve in numconsent to the condition, to weaken their repro- her. Several of them were even less indepensentative power, and thus, probably, secure a dent of each other th'an are those recommended contin'uance of such a party in power as now by the committee. -But it did not occur to the control the legislation of the Government. The men of that day that'it was right to force the measure, in its terms and its effect, whether de- States to adopt or reject all. Each was, theresigned or not, is to degrade the southern States. fore, presented as a separate article. The lanTo consent toit will be to consent to their own guage of the resolution was, " that the folowdishonor. ing articles be proposed to the legislatures of the The manner, too, of presenting the proposed several States as amendments of the Constitution constitutional amendment, in the opinion of the of the United States, ALL OR ANY OF WHICH undersigned, is impolitic and without precedent.'ARTIOCLS, when ratified by three-fourths of the The several amendments suggested have no con- said legislatures, to be valid to all intents and nection with each other; each, if adopted, would purposes as parts of the Constitution. The Conhave its appropriate effect if the others were re- gress of that day was willing to obtain either jected;. and each, therefore, -hould besubmitted of the submitted amendments-to get a part, if as a separate article, without subjecting it to the not able to procure the whole. They thought contingency of rejection if the Stats should refuse (and in that we submit they but conformed to to ratify the rest. Each by itself, if an advisa- the letter and spirit of the amendatory clause of ble measure, should be submitted to the people, -the Constitution,) that the people have the right and not in such a connection with those which' to pass severally on any proposed amendments. they may think unnecessary Qr dangerous as to This course of our fathers is now departed from, force them to reject all. The repudiation, of the and the result will probably be that no one of rebel debt, and all obligation to compensate for the suggested amendments, though some may be the loss of slave property, eand the inviolability approved, will be ratified. This will certainly of the.debts of the Government, no matter how be the result, unless the States are willing practicontracted, provided for by some of the sections cally to relinquish the right they have always.of the amendment, we repeat, we believe would enjoyed, never before questioned by any recogmeet the approval of many of'the southern nizedstatesman, and all-important to their inStates; but these no State can sanction without terest and security-the right to regulate the sanctioning others, which we think will not be franchise in all their elections. done by them or by some of the northern States. There are,.too,.some general considerations 100 POLITICAL MANUAL. that bear on the subject, to which we will now proclamations of amnesty issued by Mr. Lincoln refer. and his successor under the authority of Congress First. One of the resolutions of the Chicago are also inconsistent with the idea that the convention, by which Mr. Lincoln was first nomi- parties included within them are not to be held, nated for the presidency, says, "that the main- in the future, restored to all rights belonging to tenance inviolate of the rights of the States is es- them as citizens of their respective States. A sential to the balance of power on which the power to pardon is a power to restore the offender prosperity and endurance of our political fabric to the condition in which he was before the date depend." In his inaugural address of 4th March, of the offence pardoned. 1861, which received the almost universal appro- It is now settled that a pardon removes not val of the people, among other things he said, only the punishment, but all the legal disabiii"no State of its own mere motion can lawfully ties consequent on the crime. (7 Bac. Ab. Tit. get out of the Union.;" and that "in view of the Par.) Bishop on Criminal Law (vol. 1, p. 713) Constitution and the laws, the Union is un- states the same doctrine. The.amnesties so debroken, and to the extent of my ability I shall clared would be but false pretences if they were, take care, as the Constitution itself expressly en- as now held, to leave the parties who have joins upon me, that the laws of the Union be availed themselves of them in almost every parfaithfully executed in all the States." ticular in the condition they would have been Second. Actual conflict soon afterwards en- in if they had rejected them. Such a result, it sued. The South, it was believed, misapprehend- is submitted, would be a foul blot on the good ed the purpose of the Government in carrying name of the nation. Upon the whole, therefore, it on, and Congress deemed it imporant to dis- in the present state of the country, the excitepel that misapprehension by declaring what the ment which exists, and which may mislead legis-,purpose was. This was done in July, 1861, by latures already elected, we think that the their passing the following resolution, offered by matured sense of the people is not likely to be Mr.Crittenden: "That in this national emer- ascertained on the subject of the proposed gency, Congress, banishing all feeling of mere amendment by its submission to existing State passion or resentment, will recollect only its legislatures. If it should be'done at all, the duty to the whole country; that this war is not submission should either be to legislatures herewaged, upon our part, in any spirit of oppression, after to be elected, or to conventions of the peonor for any purpose of conquest or subjugation, ple chosen for the purpose. Congress may select nor purpose of overthrowing or interfering with either mode, but they have selected neither. It the rights or established institutions of those may be submitted to legislatures already in exStates, but to defend and maintain the supremacy istence, whose members were heretofore elected of the Constitution, and to preserve the Union, with no view to the consideration of such a with all the dignity, equality, and rights of the measure; and it may consequently be adopted, several States unimpaired; that as soon as these though a majority of the people of, the States objectsare accomplished, the war oughtto-cease." disapprove of. it. In this respect, if there were The vote in the House was 119 for and 2 against no other objections to it, we think it most obit, and in the Senate 30 for and,5 against it. The jectionable. design to conquer or subjugate, or to curtail or Whether regard be had to the nature or the interfere in any way with the rights of the States, terms of the Constitution, or to the legislation is in the strongest terms thus disclaimed, and the of Congress during the insurrection, or to the only avowed object asserted to be "to defend course of the judicial department, or to the conand maintain the spirit of the Constitution, and duct of the executive,.the undersigned confito Weserve the Union, AND THE DIGNITY, EQUAL- dently submit that the southern States are ITY, AND RIGHTS OF TEE SEVERAL STATES UNIM- States in the Union, andentitled to every right PAIRED." Congress, too, by the actof 13th July, and privilege belonging to the other States. If 1861, empowered the President to declare, by any portion of their citizens be disloyal, or are proclamation, " that the inhabitants of such State not able to take any oath of office that has been or States whete the insurrection existed are in'a or may be constitutionally prescribed, is a quesstate of insurrection against the United States," tion irrespective of the right of the States to be and thereupon to declare that " all commercial represented. Against the danger, whatever intercourse by and between the same, by the that may be, of the admission of disloyal or discitizens thereof and the citizens of the United qualified members into the Senate or House, it States, shall cease and be unlawful so long as is in the power of each brlnch to provide against such condition of hostility shall continue." Here, by refusing such admission. Each by the Conalso, Congress evidently deals with the States as stitution is made the judge of the election rebeing in the Union and to remain in the Union. turns and qualifications of its own members. It seeks to keep them in by forbidding comlmer- No other department can interfere with it. Its cial intercourse between their citizens and the decision concludes all others. The only correecitizens of the other States so long, and so long tive, when error is committed, consists in the reonly, as insurrectionar/y hostility shall continue. sponsibility of the members to the people. But That ended, they are tobe, as at first, entitled to it is believed by the undersigned to be the clear the same intercourse with citizens of other States duty of each house to admit any Senator or Repthat they enjoyed before the insurrection. In resentative who has been elected according to other words, in this act, as in the resolution of the constitutional laws of-the State, and who is the same month, the dignity, equality, and rights able and willing to subscribe the oath required of such States (the insurrection ended) were not by constitutional law. to be held in any respect impaired. The several It is conceded by the majority that " it would REPORTS ON RECONSTRUCTION. 101 undoubtedly be competent for Congress to waive of time; while its opposite cannot fail to keep all formalities, and to admit those Confederate us divided, injuriously affect the particular and States at once, trusting that time and experience general welfare of citizen and Government, and, would set all things right." It is not, therefore, iflong persisted in, result in danger to the nation. owing to a want of constitutional power that it In the words of an eminent British whig statesis not done. It is not because such States are man, now no more, "A free constitution and not States with republican forms of government. large exclusions from its benefit cannot subsist The exclusion must therefore rest on considera- together; the constitution will destroy them, or tions of safety or of expediency alone. The first, they will destroy the constitution." It is hoped that of safety, we have already considered, and, that, heeding the warning, we will guard as we think, proved it to be without folndation. against the peril by removing its cause. Is there any ground for the latter expediency? The undersigned have not thought it necesWe think not. On the contrary, in our judg- sary to examine into the legality of the measures ment, their admission is called for by the clearest adopted, either by the late or the present Presexpediency. Those States include a territorial ident, for the restoration of the southern States. area of 850,000 square miles, an area larger than It is sufficient for their purpose to say that, if that of five of the leading nations of Europe. those of President Johnson were not justified by They have a coast line of 3,000 miles, with an the Constitution, the same may at least be said internal water line; including the Mississippi, of of those of his predecessor. We deem such an about 36,000 miles. Their agricultural products.examination to be unnecessary, because, however in 1850 were about $560,000,000 in value, and it might result, the people of the several States their populatioh 9,664,656. Their staple. pro- who possessed, as we have before said, the exductions are of immense and growing importance elusive right to decide for themselves what and are almost peliar to that region. That the constitutions they should adopt, have adopted North is deeply interested in having such a those under which.they respectively live. The country and people restored to all the rights and motives of neither President, however, whether privileges that the Constitution affords no sane the measures were legal or not, are liable to man, not blinded by mere party considerations, censure. The sole object of each was to effect or not a victim of disordering prejudice, can for a complete and early union of all the States; a moment doubt. Such arestorationis also neces- to make the General Government, as it did at sary to the peace of the country. It is not only first, embrace all, and to extend its authority. important but vital to the potential wealth of and secure its privileges and blessings to all which that section of our country is capable, alike. The purity of motive of President Johnthat cannot otherwise be fully developed. Every son inthis particular, as was to have been exhour ot illegal politicalrestraint, every hour the pected, is admitted by the majority of the possession of the rights the Constitution gives is committee to be beyond doubt; for, whatever denied, is not only in a political but a material was their opxlion of the unconstitutionality of sense of great injury to the North as well as to his course, and its tendency to enlarge the exthe South. The southern planter works for his ecutive power, they tell us that they " do not northern brethren as well as for himself. His for a moment impute to him any such design, labors heretofore inured as much if not more to but cheerfully concede to him the most patriotic their advantage than to his. Whilst harmony motives." And we cannot forbear to say, in in the past between the sections gave to the whole conclusion, upon that point, that he sins against a prosperity, a power, and a renown of which light, and closes his eyes to the course of the every citizen had reason to be proud, the resto- President during the rebellion, from its incepration of such harmony will immeasurably in- tion to its close, who ventures to impeach his crease them all. Can it, will itbe restored as patriotism. Surrounded by insurrectionists, he long as the South is kept in political and dishon- stood firm. His life was almost constantly in oring bondage? and can it not, will it not be re- peril, and he clung to the Union, and discharged stored by an opposite policy? By admitting her all the obligations it imposed upon him, even toqall the.rights of the Constitution, and bydeal- the closer because of the peril. And now that ingwith her citizens as equals and as brothers, he has escaped unharmed, and by the confidence not as inferiors and enemies, such a course as of the people has had devolved upon him the this will, we are certain, soon be sees to.bind executive functions of the Government, to charge them heart and soul to the Union, and inspire him with disloyalty is either a folly or a slander: them with confidence in its government by folly in the fool who believes it; slander in making them feel that all enmity is forgotten, and the man of sense, if any such there be, who that justice is being done to them. The result of utters it. such a policy, we believe, will at once make us REVERDY JOHXSON, in very truth one people, as happy, as prosper- A. J. R~GERS, ous, and as powerful as ever existed in the tide HENRY GRIDER. VOTES ON PROPOSED CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS. The Constitutional Amendment, as Finally tion or rebellion against the same, or given aid Adopted and Submitted to the Legislatures or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Conof the States. gress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each IN SENATE. house, remove such disability. 1866, June 8-The Amendment in these words, SE. 4. The validity of the public debt of tlie as finally amended, was brought to a vote: United States, authorized by law, including Joint resolution proposing an amendment to the debtsncurredfo payment of pensions and Constituti the United States bounties for services in suppressing insurrection. Constitution of the United States. or rebellion, shall not be, questioned. But nei-.Resoived by the Senate and.ouzse of 6epre- ther the United States nor any-tate shall assentatives of the United States of America in sume or pay any debt or obligation incurred -in Congress assembled, (two-thirds of both Houses aid of insurrection or rebellioeagainst the Uniconcurring,) That the following article be pro- ted States, or anyclaim for the loss or emanciposed to the legislatures of the several States pation of any slave; but all such debts, obligaas an amendment to the Constitution of the tions and claims shall be held illegal and void. United States, which,. when ratified by three- SEC. 5. The Congress shall have power to enfourths of said legislatures, shall be valid as force, by appropriate legislation, the provisions part of the Constitution, namely: of this article ARTICLE 14. It passed-yeas 33, nays 11, as follow: SECTION 1. All persons born or naturalized in YEAS-Messrs. Anthony, Chandler, Clark, Conness, Crathe United States,0 and subject to the jursdc-;gin, Creswell, Edmunds, Fessenden, Foster, Grimes, Harris, the United States; and subject to the jurisdiclHenderson, Howard, Howe, Kirkwood, Lane of K'ansas, Line. tion thereof, are citizens of the United States of Tndana, Morgan, Morrill, Nye, Poland, Pomeroy, Ramand of the State wherein they reside. No State sey, Sherman, Sprague, Steart, Sumner, Trumbull Wade, shall make or enforce any law which shall -e owa D Doelittle, GutWil, Yien. NAT-s-Messrs. Cowan, Davis, Doolittle, Guthlsie, He'abridge the privileges or immunities-of citizens dric7es, Johnson, McDougall, Norton, Riddle, Saulsbury, of the United States; nor shall any State de- Van Winkle-11. AssENz-Messrs. Brown, Bouckalew, Dixon, Nesmith, prive any.person-of life, liberty, or property, W T ighT-5 without due process of law, nor.deny to any per- IN HOUSE. son within its jurisdiction the equal protection I A of the laws. -, June 13-The Amendment passed —yeas 138, SEC. 2. Representatives shall be apportioned nays 36, as follow: among the several States according to their res- YEAs-Messrs. Alley, Allison, Ames, Anderson, Delos R. pective numbers, counting the whole number of Ashley, Jam M. Ashley, JBaker, Baldwin, Banks, Barker, Baxter, Beaman, Benjamin, Bidwell, Biugham, Blaine, Blow, persons in each State, excluding Indians not Boutwell,'Brandegee, Bromwell, Broomall, Buckland, Buntaxed. But when the right to vote at any elec- d, Reader W. Clarke,.Sidney Clarke, Cobb, Conkling,Cook, Cullom, Darling, Davis, Dawes, Defrees, Delano, Deming, tion for the choice of electors for President and Cuixomn,Dog, D ael l, Dawrggs, Defent, Eckley, gleston Dixon,Dodge, Donnelly, Driggs, Dumont, Eckley, Eggleston; Vice-President of the United States, representa- Eliot, FarnsworthFarquhar, Ferry, Garfield, Grinnell, Gristives in Congress, the executive and judicial woldHale,AbnerC. Harding, Halt, Hayes, Ienderso, Higcby, Holmes,'Hooper, Hotchkiss, Asahel W. Hubbard, Chester officers of a State; or the members of the legis- D. HubbardDemas Hubbardjr.,John II. Hubbard, James R. lature thereof, is denied to any of the male in- Hubbell,' Hulburd, Ingersoll, Jenckes, Julian, Kasson, Kelhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years elo, o, Ketcham, Kuykendall, Laflin, Latham, George of age, and citizens of the United States, or in TM iv. Lawrence, William Lawrence, Loan, Longyear, Lynch, age, anditizens the United State, or in Marston, Marvin, McClurg, McKee, Mctuer, Mercur, Miller, any way abridged, except for participation in Moorhead, Morrill, Morris, Moulton, Myers, Newell, O'Neill, rebellion or other crime, the basis of representa- Orth, Paine,Patterson, Perham, Phelps, Pike, Plants, Pometion therein shall be reduced in the proportion Rice roy, Price, William H. Randall, Raymond, Alexander H. tion therein shall be reduced in the proportion Rice, John 1H. Rice, Rollins, Sawyer, Schenck, Scofield, which the number of such male citizens shall Shellabarger, Sloan, Smith, SpaldFih, Stevens, Stillwell, bear to thewhole number of male citizens twenty- Thayer, Franc, Thomas, Jolln L. Thomas, Trowbridge, Upone years of age in such State. 0son, Van Aernam,.Burt Van Horn, Robert T. Van Horn, one years age in S tate. Ward, Warner, Ellihu B. Washburne, Henry D. Washburn,. SEC. 3. No person shall be a senator or rep- Williatm B. Washburn, Welker, Wentworth, Whaley, Wilresentative in Congress, or elector of President liams, James F. Wilson, Stephen PF.Wilson, Windom, Woodand Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or bridnca, Berge, thoyer, Speaaer, Co-1. NAYs —Messrs. Acona, Bergen, Boyer, Chansr, Coif'oth, military, under the United States, or under any Dawson, Denison, Eldridge, Pinck, Glossbreener, Grider State, who, having previously taken an oath, as Aaron Harding, Hogan, Edwin N. Hubbell, James M. Huma member of Congress, or as an officer of the p acy, JNchnsoln, err, Laod, Samuel J. Randall, c itter, United States, or as a member of any State le- Rogers, Boss, S aanklid, S etgreaves, Strouse, Taber, Tayloe, gislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of Thomnton, GTimble, Winfield, Wiight-36. any State, to support the Constitution of the James Humphrey, - M es,. C ulve, oNooell, Rousseau, Stilr United States, shall have engaged in insurrec- lo. 1 102 V;PTES ON eOQNSTITUIJPONAL AMENDMENTS. 103 Preliminary Proceedings. YEAS-Messrs. Allison, Ames, Anderson, Banks, Baxter, Prior to the adoption of the joint resolution Bidwell, Boutwell, Bromwell, Broomall, C7anler, Reader W. Pnror to me adoption Of the joint resolution.Clarke, Sidney Clarke, Cobb, Conkling, Cook,Defrees, Dixon, in the form above stated, these reports were Driggs, Dumaont, Eckley, Eggleston, Eidridge, Eliot, Gride', made from the Joint Committee, and these votes Grinnell, Aaron Harding, Abner 0. Harding, Harris, Hat, ietaken in the two Houses Higby, Holmes, Hooper, Hotchkiss, Asahel W. Hubbard, were taken in the two Houses: Demas Hubbard, Ingersoll, Julian, Kelley, Kelso, Kerr, WillN'HOuSE. liam Lawrence, Le Blond, Loan, Lynch, Marston, McClurg, MeGullough, McIndoe, Mercur, Morrill, Moulton, Niblacl7, April 30 —Mr. Stevens, from the Joint Select. O'Neill, Orth, Paine, Patterson, Perham, Pike, Price, John H. Commnittee on Reconstruction. reported a joint Rice, Bitter, Rogers, Rollins, lIoss, Rousseau, Sawyer, resolution, as follows: Schenck, Scofield, Shan7clin, Shellabarger, Spalding, Stevens, ooa re solution, a s,.: Francis Thomas, John L. Thomas, Tlhornton, Trowbridge, A joint resolution proposing. an amendment Upson, Ward, Ellihu B. Washburne, Welker, James F.Wilto the Constitution of-the United States. son,.Stephen F. Wilson, Windom, Woodbridge-84.'NAYS-Messrs. Alley, Ancona, Delos R. Ashley, James M. Be it resolved, &c.,.(two-thirds of both Houses Ashley, Baker, Baldwin, Barker, Beaman, Benjamin, Bergen, concurring,) That the following article be pro- Bingham, Blaine, Blow, Boyer, Buckland, Bundy, Coffroth, posed to the legislatures of the several States as Cullom, Darling, Davis, Dawes, Dawson, Delano, Deming, amendment t the Constitutn of t -h i Dodge, Donnelly, Farnsworth, Ferry, Finok, Garfield, Glossan amenclment to the Constitution of the United rener, Goodyear, Griswold, Hayes, Henderson, Chester D. States, which, when ratified by three-fourths of Hubbard, James R. Hubbell, Hulburd, James Huimphrey, said legislatures, shall be valid as part of the Jenckes; Kasson, Ketcham, Kuykendall, Laflin, Latham, ala gIisauressa va spart01meGeorge V. Lawrence, Longyear, a7rshall, McKee, McRuer, Constitution, namely: DMiller, Mooihead, Morris, Myers, Newell, Phelps, Plants, ARTICpLE-. Radfobrd, Samuel J. Randall, William H. Randall, Raymond, SEC. 1. No State shal m e or Alexander H. Rice, Sitqreaves, Smith, Stillwell, Strouse, SEC. 1. -NO State shall make or enforce any Tabes,''aylor, Thayer, Trinmble, Burt van Horn, Robert T. law which shall abridge the privileges or imiMu- Van Hotn, Warner, Henry D. Washburn, William B. Washnities of citizens of the United States; nor shall burn, Whaley, Williams, Winseld, Wright-79. any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or The joint resolution, as above printed, then property without due process of law, nor deny passed-yeas 128, nays 37, as follow: to any person within its jurisdiction the equal YEAs-Messrs. All1e, Allison, Ames, Anderson, Delos R. protection of the laws. Ashley, James M. Ashley, Baker, Baldwin, Banks, Barker, SrEC.2. l mpeltativews' sh. be aBaxter, Bbaman, Benjamin, Bidwell, Bingham, Blaine, Blow, SEO. 2. Representatives shall be apportioned BButwell, Bromwell, Broomall, Buckland, Buncdy, Reader among the several States which may be included; W. Clarke, Sidney Clarke, Cobb, Conkling, Cook, Cullom, within this Union, according to their respective Darling, Davis, Dawes, Defrees, Delano, Deming, Dixon, Wimm t~l h whole hC~a numb eir rofspersons p Dodge, Donnelly, Driggs, Dumont, Eckley, Eggleston, Eliot, numbers, counting the whole number of. persons Farnsworth, Ferry, Garfield, Grinnell, Griswdld, Abner C. in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But Harding, Hart, Hayes, Henderson, Higby, Holmes, Hooper, whenever in. any, State the elective franchise Hotchkiss, Asaiael W. Hubbard, Chester D. Hubbard, Demas Hubbard,James R. Hubbell, Hulburd, James Humphrey, shall be denied to any portion of its male Citizens. Ingersoll, Jenclkes, Julian, Kasson, Kelley, Kelso, Ketoham, not less than twenty-one years of age, or in any Kuykendall, Laflin, George V. Lawrenice, William Lawrence, way abridged, except for Participation in rebel- Loan, Longyear, Lynch, Marston, McClurg, McIdcloe, Mcte b s ot ra ncip. I Kee. McRuer, Mercur, Miller, Moorhead,: Morrill, Morris, lion or other crime, the basis ot representation Moulton, Myers, Newell, O'Neill, Orth, Paine, Pattorson, in such State shall be reduced in the proportion Perham, Pike, Plants, Price, William' H. Randall, Raymond, which the number of such male citizens shall Alexander H. Rice, John H. Rice, Rollins, Sawyer, Schenck, wnic he nu leroi nSum n omale Citiens -s' noail Scofield, Shellabargeri Spalding, Stevens, Stillwell, Thayer, bear to the whole number of male citizens not:Francis Thomas, John L. Thomas, Trowbridge, Upson, Van less than twenty-one years of age. Aernam, Burt Van Horn,. Robert T. Van Horn, Ward, WarSEC. 3. Until the 4th::day of July, in the ner, Ellihu B. Washburne, Henry D. Washburi, William B. E ll tile Ia OtJulyWashburn, Welker, Williams, James F. Wilson, Stephen F. year 1870, all persons who voluntarily adhered Wilson, Windom, Woodbridge, the Speaker-128. to the late insurrection, giving it aid and com- NAYS-Messrs. Ancona, Bergen, Boyer, Chanler, Canl ffleoth, fort shall be excluded from the right to vote for Dawson, EldridgYe inc7c, Glossbrenuseoe, Goodyear, Gid t aon HardigariS, rris, Kerr, Latham, Le Blond, Xars, representatives in Congress and for electors for Nc.Oullozugh, Niblack, Phelps, Radford, Samuel J. Randall, President, and Vice-President of the United Bitter, Rogers, Ross, Rousseau, Shanzdin, Sitgreaves, Smith, States.. Strouse, Taber, Taylor, Thornton, Trimnble, Whaley, Winfield, SEC. 4. Neither the United States nor an.y iig/st7. Mr.Wigh_37' SEC. 4.. Neither the. United States nor any The amendments of the Senate were.made to, State shall assume or pay:any debtior obligation this proposition, when it was finally, adopted by already incurred, or which may hereafter be in- each House, in the form first stated curred, in aid of insurrection or of war against' - the United States, or any claim for compensation The Accompanying Bills for loss of involuntary service or labor. April 30Mr. Stevens, from the me co April 30-Mr. Stevens, from the same comSEC. 5. The Congress shall have power to en- mittee also reported this bill: force by appropriate legislation, the provisions Bill to provide for restori e States lately Objecstion having beenmadeto its being a in insurrection to their full political rights. Objectiondr having bueen made'to itn beng a y Whereas it is expedient that the States lately in special order' ufor TuesdayMay 8, and every damy insurrection should, at the earliest day consistent thereafter until disposed' of, Mr. Stevens moved a suspension of the rules to enable him to make with the future peace and safety of the Union, that motion; which was agreed to yeas 107, be restored to full participation in all political nays 20.:': - rights; and whereas the Congress did, by joint n ays. resolution, propose for ratification to the legisThe NAYS wedre: Messrs. Anos, Bergen, Boyer, Goifoths M'latures of the several States, as an amendment to Daososn,'Eldridge, Finck, Grider, Aaron Harf-ding, Tanses M.f' Humphrey, Latllam, Marshall, Niblacic, Nicholson, Rtter, the Constitution of the United States, an article Boss, Sirouse, Taylor, Thornton, WinfieZd-20.. in the following words, to wit: May 10-Mr. Stevens demanded the previous [For article, see page 102.] question; which was' seconded, on a count, 85 Now, therefore, to 57; and the main question was ordered- Be it enacted, &c., That whenever the aboveyeas, 84, nays 79, as follow: recited amendment shall have become part of the 104 POLITICAL MANUAL. Constitution ef the United States, and any State which may be included within this Union, aclately in insurrection shall have ratified the same, cording to their respective riLmbers, counting and shall have modified its constitution and laws the whole number of persons in each State, exin conformity therewith, the Senators and Rep- cluding Indiansnot taxed: Provided, Thatwhenresentatives from such State,\iffound duly elected ever the elective franchise shall be denied or and qualified, may, after having taken the re- abridged in any State on account of race or quired oaths of office, be admitted into Congress color, all persons of such race or color shall be as such, excluded from the basis of representation. SEc. 2. And be it further enacted, That when Mr. Stevens moved to insert the word " thereany State lately in insurrection shall have rati- in" after the word " persons" where it last ocfied the foregoing amendment to the Constitu- curs. tion, any part of the direct tax under the act bf Sundry propositions of amendment were ofAugust 5, 1861, which may remain due and un- fered, and paid in such State may be assumed and paid by January 30-The report was recommitted, such State; and the paymentthereof, upon proper without instructions-the motion of Mr. Le assurances from such State' to be given to the Blond to commit it to the Committee of the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States, Whole having been lost, yeas 37, nays 133. may be postponed for a period not exceeding ten (Messrs. McRuer and Rousseau and 35 Demoyears from and after the passage of this act. crats made up the affirmative vote.) April 30-Mr. Stevens, from the same committee, also reported this bill: The Negatived Constitutional Amendment on A Bill declaring certain persons ineligible to Representation. office under the Government of the United IN HOUSE. States. Be, it encted, &c., That no person shall be January 31,1866-Mr. Stevens reported from Be it enacted, &c., That no person shal.l be the Committee on Reconstruction this joint resoeligible to any office under the Government ofe on tion the United States who is included in any of the lution following classes, namely: Joint Reoltion prposing to amend the Con1. The president and vice president of the stitution of the United States. confederate States of America, so called, and the Resolved, &c., (two-thirds of both Iouses conheads of departments thereof. curring,) That the following article be proposed 2. Those who in other countries aced as to the legiiatures of the several States as an agents of the confedorate States of America, so amendmentto the Constitution of the United called. States, which, when ratified by three-fourths of 3. Heads of Departments of the United said legislatures, shall be valid as part of said States, officers of the army and navy of the Constitution, namely: United States, and all persons educated at the ARTICLE -. Military or Naval Academy of the United States, Representatives shall be apportioned among judges of the courts of the United States, and the several States which may be included within members of either House of the Thirty-Sixth this Union according to their respective numCongress of the United States who gave aid or hers, counting the whole number of persons in comfort to the late rebellion. each State, excluding Indians not taxed: Pro4. Those who acted as officers of the con- viwred, That whenever the elective franchise shall federate States of America, so called, above the. be denied or abridged in any State on account grade of colonel in the army or master in the of race or color, all persons therein of such race navy, and any one who, as Governor of either or color shall be excluded from the basis of repof the so-called confederate States, gave aid or resentation. comfort -to the rebellion. Mr. Schenck submitted this as a substitute for 5. Those who have treated officers or soldiers the "Article:" or sailors of the army or navy of the United Representatives shall be apportioned among States, captured during the late war, otherwise the several States which may be included within than lawfully as prisoners of war. this Union according to the number of male citiNeither of these bills has been voted on up to zens of the United States over twenty-one years the time this page goes to press. of age having the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the The Negatived aAmendmenlt on Representation State legislature. The Congress, at their first and Direct Taxes. session after the ratification of this amendment IN HOUSEx. by the required number of States, shall provide by law for the actual enumeration of such January 22, 1866-Mr. Stevens reported this vers. and such actual enumeration sall be proposition from the Joint Select Committee: oposition fro te Joint Select Committee: separately made in a general census of the popBesolved, &c., (two-thirds of both Houses con- ulation of all the States within every subsequent curring,) That the following article be proposed term of ten years, in such manner as the Conto the legislatures of the several States as an gress may by law direct. The number of Repreamendment to the Constitution of the United sentatives shall not exceed one for every one States; which, when ratified by three-fourths of hundred and twenty-five thousand of actual the said legislatures, shall be valid as part of population, but each State shall have at least said Constitution, namely: one Representative. ARTICLE -. Representatives and direct taxes Mr. Schenck's substitute was disagreed toshall be apportioned among the several States yeas 29, nays 131, as follow: VOTES ON CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS. 105 YEAS — essrs. Anderson, Bromwell, Bundy, Reader W. Joint Resolution proposing.an amendment to Clarko, Sidney Clarke, Darling, Davis, Defrees, Farnsworth, the Constitution of the United States. Abner C. Harding, Itayes, Hill, Chester D. Hubbard, James onsttlon e Unt ttes It. Hubbell, Jas. Humphrey, Ingersoll, Kuylendall, William Resolved &., (two-thirds of both Iouses conLawrence, Marshall, JMcsulloigb, Miller, Orth, Pike, Ross, That the following article proposed SchAnck, Shellabarger, Sloan, Thorsttonz, Yan IHorn-29. NAYS-Messrs. Alley, Allison, Ames, James M.. Ashley, to the legislatures of the several States as an Bakor, Banks, Btrker, Baxter, Beaman, Benjamin, Bergen, amenmenent to the Constitution of the United Bidwell, Bingham, Blaine, Blow, Boutwell, Boyer, Briande- igeel, oo7cs Biroomall, Btckland;Caner, Cobtwe Coll lirni States,. vhich, when ratified by three-fourths of gee, Brooks, Breomell,'Bckland, C/sealer,:Cobb, Conkling, Cook, Cullom, Dawes, Dawson,. Delano, Deming,, h eniso eg ature, e said shall be valid as part of Dixon, Donnelly, Eckley, Eggleston, Eldridge, Eliot, Far- said Constitution, viz: quhar, Ferry, li/nck, Garfield, Grade, Giinnell, Griswold, ART - Hale, Aaron, Iarding, Harris, HIart, HSogan, Holmes, ARTICE Hooper, Hotchkiss, Asahel W. Hubbard, Demas Hubbard, The Congress shall have power to make al jr., John tI Hubbard, Edwinl N. Hubbell, llulburd, Jcaies laws which shall be necessary and proper to M. lHumph7rey, Jenckes, oohn'son, Julian, Kasson, Kel ey,. l. u yasreEl J1enokes,'e Johnson, Jelsan issan alley, secure to the citizens of each State all privileges Kelso, Kerr, Ketcham, Laflin, Latham, George V. Lawrence, Le -Blond, Longyear, Lynch, Marston, Marvin,. McClurg, and immunities of citizens in the several States, Mclndoe, McKee, Mercur, Moorhead, Morrill, Morris, Moul- and to all persons in the several States equal ton, llycrs, _Tiblack, NYicholso, _-roell, O'NeiIl, Paine, PatterIton, MyorsNblckN/osoeol,0'NeillPainP protection in the rights of life, liberty, and son, Perham, Phelps, Plants, Pomeroy, Price, Samuel J. protection in e re, erty an Randall, William H. Randall, Alexander II. Rice, John 1-. property. Rice, R/tter,'Rogers, Rollins, Sawyer, Scofield, Shanklin, February 26-Mr. Bingham reported it back, Smith, Spalding, Starr, Stevens, Strouse, Taber, Taylor, t a Thayer, Francis Thomas, John L. Thomas, jr.,: Trible, Upson,. Van Aernam, Burt Vali Horn, Veoorhees, Ward, February 28-Mr. Eldridge moved that it lie Warner, Ellihu B. Washburne, William:B.'Washburn, on the table; which was disagreed to-yeas 41, Welker, Wentworth, Whaley, Williams, James F. Wilson, a llw Stephen F. Wilson, Windom, Wright —131. nays The joint resolution, as reported, was tihen YEAs —Messrs. Ancona, Bergen,Broo7cs, Cle7nler, Coffroth, n poe wa Davis, )Oawson, Denison, Eldridge, tinck, Glossbrenner, agreed to-yeas 120, nays 46, as follow:- Goodyear, Grider, Griswold, Hale, A. Iarding, Hogan, E. N. S YEAS-Messrs. Alley, Allison, Ame3, Aun/deison, Jamles M. Hubbell, Ker', Kuykendall, Marshall., Marvin, MlcCullough, Ashley, 1Baker, Banks, Barker, Baxter, Beaman, BeDnjamin' Niblack, Nicholson, Noell, Phelps, S. J. Randall, Ritter, Bidwell, Bingham, Blaine, Blow, Boutwell, Brandegee. Rogers, Ross, Roeuseau,S/asl/ins, Sitqreaves, St/ouse, raber, Bromwell, Broomall, Buckland, Bundy, Reader W. Clarke, Taylor,. Tsornton, *T/imble, TWi/sfeld, W-/iglt —l. Sidney Clarke, Cobb, Conkling, Cook, CGilom, Darling, Davis, NAYS-Messs. Alley, Allison, Anes, Anderson, Delos B. ~nIw.Crpw D n T ^ Tiv Ashley, James M. Ashley,.Baker, Baldwin, Banks; Barker, Dawes, Defrees, Delano, Dieming, Dixon, Donnelly, Eckley Asley, James i Ashley, Bakes Bcldis Daiske, Barker, Baxter, Benjamin, Bidwell, bingham.Blaine, Blow, BoutEggleston, Farusworth, Farqubar, Ferry, Garfieldl, Grinnell,: axter, Bernlamin, Bidwmel, Binrigham laie, Blow, Boutwell, Brandegee, Broomall, Buckland, Bundy, Reader W. Griswold, Abner C. Harding, Hart, Hayes, Hill, Holmes, ell, Bra gee Broomall Bikand Bny, Reader. Hoope, Hotchkiss, Asahel V Hb d; Cester D br Clarke, Sidney Clarke, Cobb, Conkling, Cook, Cullom, DarInom~aT-Tnhhar~i ir Tnhn f-t ~H!Dhhnr^^ T-ining,Deirees,Delano,Deoming,Donnell;,Dumon.,Eckley,BgDemas Hiubbar, Jr, John H. Hubbard, Jailmes R. Hubbell, iug, erees, clao, Deming Donnelly, Dumont, Elckley,EgHulburd, Jas. Hlinphrey,- Ingeisoll, Jnulian, NSissaon, K glley, glesto, Eliot, Farnsworth, Farqhar, reirry, Garfield, GrinBulbuirt -, Jas. Humphrey, If~snel VAiner Hn or. KHellWrdg, WHaret, Hayes, rrligby, ~ Holmnes, Hooper, Kelso, Ketcham, Kuykendall, Lafin, George V. Lawrence, nellAbnas 0Ilaidilast hlyesIighy L-lolmes,Eooper, I~El~~lso i~~I~echliB. W uk Hotchkiss, Demas ILubbard;jr., John. IIubbard, James William i awrelnce, JLongyear, SLynchi, Marston, Marvi, Hthk D s ard j, hn bard, Jes McClurg, McIncoei, McKee, Mercur, Miller, Mdorhead, Mor- R. IHubbell, fIulburd, James Iumphrey, Ingersoll, Jeackes, Nil, Morris, M lton, yers'Neil, Ot, P e, Patters, Julian, Kelley, Kelso, Ketcham, Lafin, Latham, George V. I D r. I Lawrence, William Lawrence, Loan, Lon-year, Lynch, Perham,Pike, Plants, Pomeroy, EPrice, Alexander H. Rice,,awrence William LaRene Mcr, o Longyear, i ynch, John H. hice, c Qllis,'Sawyer, Scheeck, Scofield, Shellabarl conideratinr Mce p eoner Mnriuth oead, Jo M. Ricesl, SplldingS, Sta'err, StcheqvMens el, tve Thar Morrill, Morris, Moulton, Myers, Newell, O'Neill, Orth, SFranci's Tlorna, Jol In, Thas, jr.en, Upsonlwl, Vau ers, Paine, Patterson, Perhanl, Pike, Price, Raymond, Alexander Furras ThBoms, JRouhen. T.homas, lS itrpen, SaVcSrnA sea, H. Rice, John II. Rice, Sawyer, Schenck, Shellabarger, Burt Yan Horn, Hobart T. Vain, Horn, Wased, Warner rellihn B. Washbu.rine William B. Wehllon, Wealker, Went Sloan, Spalding, Stevens; Thayer, Francis Thomas, John L. worthey Willias hJames F.W ilson, S tepbeen. Wlson id wThomas, jr., Trowbridge, Van Aernam, Burt Van Itorn, Warner, Ellihu B. Wa shburne,, Win. dom, Woadbridge-o120.B s B. Washiburn' Welker, Wentworth, Willims, James F. NAYs —Meesrs Baldwin, Bergen, Boyer, Brooks, Chanler, DNAwScon, D)en/se, T, dridge ot,El iot, Pe GSider, Hanler, Wilson, Stephen F. Wilson, Windom, Woodbridge-110. Dawson, Denison, Figricqge, Eliot, Einck, G,-zder, Hale, Acaron'larding, Harris, Hogan, Eldwin. Hubbeill, James And on motion of Mr. Conkling, its- further A. Humnphrey, Jenckes, Johnson, KReer Latham, Le BlonCa, consideration was postponed until the second 2ifrshall, fscCullough, Niblack, Nicholson, Noell, PheIls, Tues in Apri Samuel J. Randall, William H. Randall, Raymond, Ritter, Rogers, Ross, Rousseau, Shanklin, Sitgreaves, Smith, Strouse, There was no further vote of it. Taber, Taylor, Thornton, rimble, Voorhees, Whaley, Wright, I SENATE. [Messrs. Driggs and Newell, February 1, stated February 13-Mr. Fessenden reported the they would have voted aye, if present.] same resolution, which was laid over, and not: \ IN SENATE. again considered. March 9, 1866-The resolution of the House Report Concerning Tennessee. was rejected —yeas 25, nays 22, as follow, (two- thirds being necessary:) IN HOUSE YEas-Messrs. Anthony Chandler, Clark, Conness, Cragin, arch 5, 1866- r. Bingham reported from Creswell, Fessenden, Foster, Grimes, IIarris, Howe, Kirk-.the Select Joint Committee on Reconstruction vwood, Lane of Indiana, McDougall, Morgan, Morrill, Nye, thiS Poland, Ramsey, Sherman, Sprague, Trumbull, Wade, Williams, Wilson-25. Joint Resolution concerning the State of TenNAes-Messrs.Brown Br, uccalew, Cowan, Davis, Dixon, nessee Doolittle, Guthrie, Henderson, ffendridcks, Johnsonz, Lano of Kansas, Nesmzith, Norton, Pomeroy, Riddle, Saulsbury, Resolved, &c., That whereas the people of Stewart, Stockton, Sumner, Van Winkle, Willey, Yates —22. Tennessee have made known to the Congress of the United States their desire 1that the constilRport on Privileges and Immunities of Citizens. tutional relations herofore existing between - I-N HOUSEl. them and the United States may be fully estabFebruary 13, 1866-Mr. Bingham reported lished, and did, on the twenty-second day of from the Joint Reconstruction Committee, this February, eighteen hundred and sixty-five, by joint resolution, which was re-committed and a large popular vote, adopt and ratify a constlordered to be printed: tution of government, republican in form and 106 POLITICAli MANUAL. not inconsistent with the Constitution and laws ring,) That the following article be proposed to of the United States, and a State government the legislatures of the several States as an has been organized under the provisions thereof, amendment to the Constitution of the United which said,provisions and the laws passed in States, which, when ratified by three-fourths of pursuance thereof proclaim and denote loyalty said legislatures, shall be valid to all intents to the Union; and whereas the people of Ten- and purposes as a part of said Constitution, nessee are found to be in a condition to exercise namely: the functions of a State within this Union, and ARTICLE -. No the,'duty, or impost shall can only exercise the same by the donsent of the be laid', nor shall any appropriation of money law-making power of the United States: There- be made, by either the United States, or any fore; the State of Tennessee is hereby declared one of the States thereof, for the purpose of to be one of the United States of America, on an paying, either in whole or in part, any debt, equal footing with the other States, upon the contract, or liability whatsoever, incurred, made, express condition that the people of Tennessee or suffered by any one or more of the States, or will maintain and enforce, in good faith, their the people thereof, for the purpose of aiding reexisting constitution and laws, excluding those bellion against the Constitution and laws of the who have been engaged in rebellion against the United States. United States from the exercise of the elective Which was passed-yeas 151, nays. 11, as folfranchise, for the respective periods of time low: therein provided for, and shall exclude the same YEAs-Messrs. Alley, Allison, Ames, Anderson, James M. persons for the like respective periods of time Ashley, Baker, Baldwin,Banks,Barker, Baxter,Beaman, Benjamin, Bergen, Bidwell, Bingham, Blow, Boutwell, 3Boyer, from. eligibility to office; and the State of Ten- aBrndegere, Broidwell, Broomall, Buckland, Bundy, haner, nessee shall never assume. or pay any debt or Reader W. Clarke, Sidey Clarke, Cobb, Conkling, Cook, Culobligation contracted or incurred in, aid of the lom, Darling,Dawes, Defrees, Delano,Deming, Dixon, Donnelly, Driggs, Uumont, Eckley, Eggleston, EIiot, F arnsworth, late rebellion; nor shall said State ever in any arq har, erry, _i nck, Garfield; Grtineli, Gri swold, e, manner claim from the United States or make Abner C. Harding, Hart, Hayes, Ilenderson, Iligby, Hill, any allowance or compensation for slaves eman- Hogan, Holmes, Hooper,. Hotchkiss, Asahel W. Hubbard, Chester D. Iubbard, Demas Hubbard, jr., John H. Hubbard, cipated or liberated in any way whatever; James IR. Hubbell, Hulbrd, Ingersoll Jenckes, Johnson, which conditions shall be ratified by the Legis- Julian, Kasson, Kelley, Kelso, Kerr, Ketcham, IKykendall, lature of Tennessee, or the people thereof, as the Laflin, Latham, George' V. Lawrence, William Lawrence, T'-'i^ ^~^.~c~ ~' ~.11.1~'Loan, Longyear, Lynch, MIarssall, Marston, Marvin, McLegislature may direct, before this act shall take Clurg, Mee u, NeM Mercur, aMillear, Morrill, Moulton, effect. Myers, Newell, Niblack, Noell, O'Neill, Orth, Paine, PatterThe resolution was ordered to' be printed, and son, Perham. Phelps, Pike, Plants, Price, Radford, Samuel ~4..to the committee, and has. not J Randall, William H. Randall, Raymond, Alexander H. was recommitted to the committee, and has not Rice, John H.Rice, Rollins, RossRousseau, Sawyer, Schenck, been voted on, up to the time this page goes to Scofield, Shellabarger, Sitgreaves, ploan, Smith, Spalding, press. - Starr, Stevens, Stillwell, Strouse, Taber, Taylor, Thayer, Francis Thomas, John L. Thomas, Thornton, Trowbridge, - Payment of Rebel Debt. Upson, Van Aernam, Burt Van Horn, Robert T. Van Horn, Voor7hees, Ward, Warner,'Ellihu B. Washburne, William B. December 19, 1865-Mr. James F. Wilson re- Washburn, Welker, Wentworth, Whaley, Williams, James ported from the Committee on the Judiciary the F. vilson, Stephen F. Wilson, Windom, Wright-i. NAYs-Messrs. Brooks, Denisom, Eldridge, Grider, Aaron following joint resolution to amend the Consti- Harding, S-cCullough,'icholson, lRitter, Rogers, S/anklin, tution of the'United States: Ti- rble-11. Be it resolved by the Senate and House of It was not acted on in the Senate; but the Representatives of the United States in Congress substance of it is included in the amendment as assembed, (two-thirds of both Houses concur- finally adopted. 1x. MEMBERS OF THE CABINET OF PRESIDENT JOHNSON, AND OF THE THI:R TY-N IN-THI CONGoRIESS, WITH NAMES OF CLAIMANTS FROM THE INSURRECTIONARY STATES. PRESIDENT JOHNSON'S CABINET. Missouri —B. Gratz Brown, John B. Henderson. BSeretary of State-WILIAMr H. SEWARD, of New Michigan-~Zachariah Chandler, Jacob M. HowYork. ard. Secretary of Treasury-HuGE MCCULLOCHT, of Iowa-James W. Grimes, Samuel J. Kirkwood.* Indiana. Wisconsin-James R. Doolittle, Timothy O. Secretary of War-EDWIN M.'STANTON, of Ohio. Howe. Secretary of Navy-GIDEON WELLES, of Connec- California-John Conness, James A. McDougall. ticut. Minnesota-Daniel S. Norton, Alexander RamPostmaster General-WILLIAM DENNISON, of sey. Ohio. - Oregon-James W. Nesmith, George H. WilSecretary of Interior-JAMES HARLAN, of Iowa. liams. Attorney General-JAMES SPEED, of Kentucky. IKansas-Samuel C. PomPoy, James H. Lane. ~__^;~.West Virginia-Peter G. Van Winkle, Waitman THIRTY-NINTH CONGRESS.T. Willey. T~Senate.- S Nevada-James W. Nye, William M. Stewart. Senate. LAFAYETTE S. FOSTER, of Connecticut, President Senators Chosen from the late Insurrectionary of the Senate, and Acting Vice President. States. John W. Forney, of Pennsylvania, Secretary. Alabama-Lewis E. Parsons, George S. Houston. Maine-William Pitt Fessenden, Lot M. Morrill. Arkansas-Elisha Baxter, William D. Snow. New Hampshire-Daniel Clark, Aaron H. Cra- Florida-William Marvin, Wilkerson Call. gin. Georgia-Alexander H. Stephens, Herschel V. Vermont-Solomon Foot,* Luke P. Poland. Johnson. ailssachusetts-Charles Sumner, Henry Wilson. Louisiana-Randall Hunt, Henry Boyce. (R. Rhode Island-Henry B. Anthony, William King Cutler and Michael Hahn also claim Sprague. - * under a former election in October, 1864.) Connecticut-James Dixon, Lafayette S. Foster. Mississippi-William L. Sharkey, James L. New York-Ira Harris, Edwin D. Morgan. Alcorn. New Jersey-William Wright, John P. Stockton.t North Carolina-William A. Graham, John Pennsylvania —Charles R. Buckalew, Edgar Pool. Cowan. - South Carolina-Benjamin F. Perry, John L. Delaware-George Read Riddle, Willard Sauls- Manning. bury. Tennessee-David'T. PIatterson, Joseph S. Fowler. Mafary and-John A. J. Creswell, Roverdy John- Texasson. Virginia-John C. Underwood, Joseph Segar. Ohio-John Sherman, Benjamin F. Wade. Kentucky-James Guthrie, Garrett Davis. MBOADU. Indiana-c Henry S. Lane, Thomas A.' Hendricks. Mr. A. H. Stephens was a delegate from Georillinois-Lyman Trumbull, Richard Yates. gia to the convention which framed the "Con- _: ~ -_ ~ _._... _:. -. - - - federate" constitution and was Vice President Died March 28,1866. His sucessor, GeorgeF.Edmunds, of the "Confederacy'until its downfall. Mr. qualified April 5,1866. Voted —yeas 22, nays $21 —not entitled to a Seat in the.voted-reas 22, nays 21-not entitled to a seat in the H-. V.Johnson was a senator in the rebel conSenate, March 27,1866.: The vote on the'amendment de- gress in the first and second congresses, as was claring him notentitled was as follow: Mr. Graham, from North Carolina. Mr. Pool'YAs —lessrs. Brown, Chandler, Clark, Conness, Cragin, as asenator in the Legislature of North Carowas. a senator in the Legislature of North CaroCreswell, Fessenden, Grimes,: Howard, Howe, Kirkwood, Lane.of ndiana, Nye, PomeroyRamsey, Sherman, Sprague, lina, Mr. Perry was a. "Confederate States Sumner, Wade, Williams, Wilson, Yates-22. judge. Mr. Manning was a volunteer aid to NAYs-Messrs. Anthony, Buckalew, Cowan, Davis, DooVttle, Guth2rie, Harris, Hbnderson, Haendricks, Johnson, Lane of Kansas, IAfcDouwall; MIorgan, Nesmith, Norton, Poland, *Credentials presented January 20, 1866, and he tobokhis Riddle, tsbury,'Triumbull, Van Winkle, Willey-21. seat January 24, 1866. 107 108 POLITICAL MANUAL. General Beauregard at Fort Sumter and Manas- Indiana-William E. Niblack, Michael C. Kerr, sas. Mr. Alcorn was in the Mississippi militia. Ralph Hill, John H. Farquhar, George W. House of Representatives. Julian, Ebenezer Dumont, Daniel W. VoorSCHUYLER COLFAX, of Indiana, Spesker. hees,* Godlove S. Orth, Schuyler Colfax, Edward McPherson, of Pennsylvania, Clerk. Joseph H. Defrees, Thomas N. Stillwell. Maine-John Lynch, Sidney Perham, James G. Illinois-John Wentworth, John F. Farnsworth, Blaine, John H. Rice, Frederick A. Pike. Ellihu B. Washburne, Abner C. Harding, New HKampshire-Gilman Marston, Edward H. Ebon C. Ingersoll, Burton C. Cook, Ienry P. Rollins, James W. Patterson. HI. Bromwell, Shelby M. Cullom, Lewis W. Vermont Frederick E. Woodbridge, Justin S. Ross, Anthony Thornton, Samuel -. Marshall, Morrill, Portus Baxter. Jehu Baker, Andrew J. Kuykend'all, Samuel Massachusetts-Thomas D. Eliot, Oakes Anes, W. Moulton. Alexander H. Rice, Samuel Hooper, John B. Missouri-John Hogan, Henry T. Blow, Thomas Alley, Nathaniel P. Banks, George S. Bout- E. Noell, John R. Kelso, Joseph W. Mcwell, John D. Baldwin, WilliamB. Washburn, Clurg, Robert T. Van Horn, Benjamin F. Henry L. Dawes. Loan, John F. Benjamin, George W. Anderson. Rhode Island-Thomas A. Jenckes, Nathan F. Michigan-Fernando C. Beaman, Charles UpDixon. son, John W. Longyear, Thomas W. Ferry, Connecticut —Henry C. Deming, Samuel L. War- Rowland E. Trowbridge, John F. Driggs. ner, Augustus Brandegee, John H. Hubbard. Iowa-James F. Wilson, Hiram Price, William New York-Stephen Taber, Tennis G. Bergen, B. Allison, Josiah B. Grinnell, John A. KasJames IHumphrey*, Morgan Jones, Nelson son, Asahel W. Hubbard. Taylor, Henry J. Raymond, John W. Chanler, Wisconsin —Halbert E. Paine, Ithamar C. Sloan, James Brookst, William A. Darling, William Amasa Cobb, Charles A. Eldridge, Philetus IRadford, Charles H. Winfield, John H. Ketch- Sawyer, Walter D. McIndoe. am, Edwin N. Hubbell, Charles Goodyear, California-Donald C. McRuer, William Higby, John A. Griswold, Robert S. Hale, Calvin T. John Bidwell. Hulburd, James M. Marvin, Demas Hubbard, Minnesota-William Windom, Ignatius DonJr., Addison H. Laflin, Roscoe Conkling, Sid- nelly. ney T 1Holmes, Thomas T. Davis, Theodore OregonJames H. D. Henderso. M. Pomeroy, Daniel Morris, Giles W. Hotch- Kansas-Sidney Clarke. kiss, Hamilton Ward, Roswell Hart, Burt Van West Virginia-Chester D. Hubbard, George R. Horn, James. M. Humphrey, Henry Van Latham, Kellian V. Whaley. Aernam.' -Nevada-Delos R. Ashley. New Jersey-John F. Starr, William A. Newell, Charles Sitgreaves, Andrew J. Rogers, Edwin chosen in te te Inurrectionar R. V. Wright. S ates. Pennsylvania-Samuel J. Randall, Charles Alabama-C. C. Langdon, George C. Freeman, O'Neill, Leonard Myers, William D. Kelley, Gen. Cullen A. Battle, Joseph W. Taylor, B. M. Russell Thayer, Benjamin M. Boyer, John T. Pope, Thomas J. Foster. M. Broomall, Sydenham E. Ancona, Thaddeus Arkansas-William Byers, George H. Kyle, Stevens, Myer Strouse, Philip Johnson, Charles James M. Johnson. Denison, Ulysses Mercur, George F. Miller, Florida-F. McLeod. Adam J. Glossbrenner, Alexander H. Cof- Georgia-Solomon Cohen, Gen. Philip Cook, frothy, Abraham A. Barker, Stephen F. Wil- Hugh Buchanan, E. G. Cabiness, J. D. Matson, Glenni W. Scofield, Charles V. Culver, thews, J. H. Christy; Gen. W. T. Wofford. John I. Dawso.n, James K. Moorhead, Thomas Louisiana —ouis St. Martin, Jacob Barker, Williams, George V. Lawrence. Robert C. Wickliffe, John E. King, John S. Delaware-John A. Nicholson. Ray. (Henry C. Warmoth claims seat as Iffar'yland —Hiram McCullough, John L. Thomas, delegate, under universal suffrage election.) Jr., Charles E. Phelps, Francis Thomas, Ben- Mississippi-Col. Arthur E. Reynolds, Col. jamin G. Harris. Richard A. Pinson, James T. Harrison, A. Ohio-Benjamin Eggleston, Rutherford B. M. West, E. G. Peyton. Hayes, Robert C. Schenck, William Lawrence, North Carolina-Jesse R. Stubbs, Charles C. Francis C. Le Blond, Reader W.,Clarke, Sam- Clark, Thomas C. Fuller, Col. Josiah Turner, nel Shellabarger, James R. Hubbell, Ralph P. Jr., Bedford Br:wn, S. H. Walkup, Alex. H. Buckland, James Mi. Ashley, Hezekiah S. Jones. Bundy, William E. Finck, Columbus Delano, South Carolina-.Col. John D. Kennedy, William Martin Welker, Tobias A. Plants, John A. Aiken, Gen. Samuel McGowan, James Farrow. Bingham, Ephraim R. Ecley, Rufus P. Spald- Tennessee-Nathaniel G. Taylor, Horace Maying, James A. Garfield. nard, William B. Stokes, Edmund Cooper, Kentucky-Lawrence S. Trimble, Burwell C. William B. Campbell, Samuel M. Arnell, Ritter, Henry Grider, Aaron Harding, Lovell Isaac R. Hawkins, John W. Leftwich. H. Rousseau, Green Clay Smith, George S. Texas — Shanklin, William H. Randall, Samuel McKee. Virginia-W. H. B. Custis, Lucius H. Chand~ ~~- ler, B. Johnson Barbour, Robert Ridgway, *Died June 16, 1866. Beverly A. Davis, Alex. H. H. Stuart, Robert t Unseated April 6, 1866, and William E. Dodge qualifiedI. H. Stua, as his successor. Y. Conrad, Daniel H. Hoge. 2 Anlmitted to a seat onprima faie case February 19,1866.'July 9.-Committee reported in favor of Wm. H. Koontz, * Unseated February 23, 1866, and Henry D. Washburn contestant. J qualified as his successor. VOTES IN THE HOUSE ON RESOLUTIONS. 109 MIEORANDUTM. and a representative in the second rebel cenOf the Alabama delegation, Mr. Battle was a gress; Mr. Brown was a member of the State general in the rebel army, and Mr. Foster a convention which passed the secession ordinance representative inthe firstand second rebel con- in 1861, and voted for it. gresses. Of the South Carolina delegation, Mr. KenOf the Georgia delegation, Messrs. Cook and nedy was colonel and Mr. McGowan brigadier Wofford were generals in'the rebel service. general in the rebel army; Mr. Farrow was a bf the Misississppi delegation, Messrs. Rey- representative in the first and second rebel connolds and Pinson were colonels in the rebel grosses. service; Mr. Harrison was a member of the Of the Virginia delegation, Messrs. Stairt rebel provisional congress. and Conrad were members of the secession conOf-the North Carolina delegationl,-Mr. Fuller'vention of Virginia, in 1861, and continued to was a representative in the first rebel congress, participate after the passage of the ordinance imd'Mq. Turner was a colonel in the rebel army, and the beginning of hostilities. VOTES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ON VARIOUS POLITICAL DECLARATORY RESOLUTIONS. Payment of the Public Debt.' "Treason Ought to be Punished." December 5,'1865 —Mr. Samuel J. Randall December 14, 1865-Mr. Henderson, of Oreoffered this resolution: gon, submitted the folloving resolution: Resolved, That, as the sense of this House, Pesolved, That treason against the United the public debt created during the late rebellion States Government is a crime that'ought to be was contracted upon the faith and honor of the punished. nation; that it is sacred and' inviolate, and must Mr. Hale moved it be laid on the table which and ought to be paid; principal and interest; was disagreed to; and, under the previous questhat any attempt to repudiate or in any manner tion, it was then passed-yeas 153, nays none, to imipair or scale the said debt shall be univer- as follow: sally discountenanced, and promptly rej ected by YEAS-Messrs. Alley, Ames, Ancona, Anderson, James I. CJongfress if nproposedr. Ashley, Baker, Baldwin, Banks, Barker, Beaman, Benjamin, Which as greed to-yeasi62, n]ays 1, as:Bergen, Bidwell, Bingham, Blaine, Blow. Boutwell, Boer, Which iwas agreed to-yeasb 162, nays 1, as Bromwell, Brooks, Broomall, Buckland, Buldy, Reader W. follow: Clarke, Sidney Clarke,'Cobb, Conkling, Cook, Cullom Darling, Davis, Dawes, Dawson, Defrees, Deming, Denison, Dixon YEAs-Messrs. Alley, Allison, Ames, Ancona, Anderson, Donnelly, Driggs, Eckley, Eggleston, Eldridge, Eliot, FarJames M. Ashley, Baker, Baldwin, Banks, Barker, Baxter, quhar, Ferry, Finckc,Glossbrenner,Grider, Grinnell, Griswold, Beaman, Benjamin, Bergen, Bidwell,Bingham, Blaine, Blow, Halo, Aaron, Harding, Abner C. Harding, Hart, Hayes, HenBoutwell3 Boyer, Brandegee, Bromwell, Broomall, Buck- derson, Higby, Hogan; Holmes, Hooper, Hotchkiss, Asahel land, Bundy, Chazler, Reader W. Clarke, Sidney Clarke, W. Hubbard, Chester D. Hubbard, Demas Hubbard,jr., John Cobb, Conkling, Cook, Cullom, Culver, Darling, Davis, H. Hubbard, Edwin NV. lHubbell, James R. Hulbbell, HulDawes, Dawson, Defrees, Delano, Deming, Denison, Dixon, burd, James Humphrey,. James M. Humphrey, Ingersoll Donnelly, Driggs, Dumont, Eckley, Eggleston, Eliot, Farns- Jenckes, Johnson, Julian, Kasson, Kelley, Kelso, Kcrr, worth, Farquhar, Ferry, Finck, Garfield, Glossbrenner, Ketcham, Kuykendall, George V. Lawrence, William LawGoodyear, Grinnell, Griswold, Hale, Abner O. Harding,'Hart, rence, Le Blond, Loan, Longyear, Lynch, Marshall, Marstou, Iayes, Henderson, Higby, Hill, Hogan, Holmes, Hooper, Marvin, McClurg, McCulloig/i, McIndoe, McKee, McRner, Hotchkiss, Asahel W. Itubbard, Chester D. Hubbard, Mercur, Moorhead, Morrill, Morris, Myers, Nicholson, Voel, Demas Hubbard, jr., John H. Hubbard, Edwin N. HZubbell, O'Neill, Orth, Paine, Perham, Pike, Plants, Price, RadJord, James R. Hubbell, Hulburd, James Humphrey, James M. Samuel J. Randall, William HI. Randall, Alexander il. Rice, HumTphrey, Ingersoll, Jenckes, Johnson, Julian, Kasson, John H. Rice, Ritter, Rogers, Rollins, Ross, Rousseau, SawKelley, Kelso, Kerr, Ketcham, Kuykendall, Laflin,Latham, yer, Scofield, Shanklin, Shellabarger, Sitgreaves, Sloan, George V. Lawrence, William Lawrence, Loan, Longyear, Smith. Spalding, Starr, Stevens, Strouse, Taber, Tafor7, MarAton, Marvin, McClurg, McOullough, McIndoe, McKee, Thaye, John L.Thomas, jr., Thornton, Trimble, Trowbridise, McRuer, Mercur, Miller, Moorhead, Morrill, Morris, Moul- Upson, Van Aernam, Burt Van Horn, Voorhees, Ward, 5'Vrton, Myers, Newell, Niblac7c, Nicholson, Noell, O'Neill, Orth, ner, Ellihu B. Washburne, William B. Washburn, Welver, Paine, Patterson, Perham, Phelps, Pike, Plants, Pomeroy, Wentworth, Whaley, Williams, James F. Wilson, Stephel F. Price, Radford, Samuel J. Randall, William H. Randall, Wilson, Windom, Winfield, Woodbridge-153.'Raymond, Alexander H. Rice, Rogers, Rollins, Ross, Saw- NAYs-None. yer, Schenck, Scofield, Shanklin, Shellabarger, Sitgreaves, Sloan, Smith,, Spalding, Starr, Stevens, Stillwell, Strouse, e.Taber, Thayer, Francis Thomas, John L. Thomas, jr., -epresentation of the lte,o-called Confed Thornton, Trowbridge, Upson, Burt Van Horn,Ward,Warner, erate States. Ellihu B. Washburne, William B. Washburn, Welker, December 14, 1865- r. James F. Wilon Wentworth, Whaley, Williams, Wilson, Windom, Winfield, Wright-l162. d, submitted this resolution: AY —Mr. Trimble. Resolved, That all papers which may be offerOT VrING-Messr..Broo7es, Eldridge, Grider, Aarotn ed relative to the representation of the late Haarding, Le Blond, Lynch, Marshall, John H. Rice, Ritters of A i, or ei Taylor, Van Aernam, R. T. Va I Horn, S. F. Wilson,. E. o-calle Cofeerate States f Amerca or ether Woodbrdge-14. of them, shall be referred to the joint committee 1110 PO:IITICAL^ MANTAL. of fifteen without debate9 and.io members shall Ashley, Baker, Baldwin, Banks',-arkoer;Baxter; Beaman, tbe admitted r rrom eithepr of said so-callled Sti~tes, Benjamin, Bidwell, Bingham, Blow,?Boitwell, Brandegle, e admie om eter ofids -caleStat, Broomall, Buckland, Bundy, Reader W. Clarke,. Sidney until Congress shall declare such States or either Clarke, Conkling, Cook, Darling, Dawes, Defrees, Delano of them entitled to representation. Deming, Dixon, Drigga, Dumont, Eckley, Eggleston, Eliot, Which w psse yes 107 ny 56asfol- rnsworth, Garfield, Grinnell, Hale, Abner C. Harding, Which was passed-yeas 107, nays 56, - Hart, Hayes, Henderson, Higby, Holmes, Hooper, Hotchkiss, low: AsahelW. Hubbard, Demas Hubbard. jr., John H; Hubbard, egAS —Messrs. Alley, Allison, Ames, Anderson, James M. James R. Hubbell, Hulburd, James Humphrey, Jenckes, Ashley, Baker, Baldwin, Banks, Barker, Baxter, Beaman, Julian, Kelley, Kelso, Ketcham, Laflin, Latham, George V. Benjamin, Bidwell, Bingham, Blaine, Boutwell, Brandegee, Lawrence, William Lawrence, Loan, Longyear, Lynch, MarBromwell, Broomall, Buckland, Bundy, Reader W. Clarke, ston, Marvin, McClurg, McIndoe, McKee, McRuer, Mercur, Sidney Clarke, Cobb, Conkling, Cook, Cullom, Defrees, De- Miller, Moorhead, Morrill, Moulton, Myers,.Newell, O'Neill, ming, Dixon, Donnelly, Driggs, Eckley, Eliot, Ferry, Grin- Paine, Patterson, Perham, Pike, Plants, Price, Raymond, nell, Abner C. Harding, Hart, Hayes, Henderson, Higby, Alexander H. Rice, John I. Rice, Rollin, Sawyer, Schenck, Holmes, Hooper, Hotchkiss, AsahelW. Hubbard, Chester D. Scofield, Shellabarger, palding, Starr, Stevens, Thayer, Hubbard, Demas Hubbard, jr., John H. Hubbard, Hulburd, Trowbridge, Upson, Van Aernam, Burt Van Horn, Robeft T. Ingersoll, Jenckes, Julian, Kelley, Kelso, Ketcham, Kuy- Van Hor, r, War arner, Ellihu B. Washburne, William kendall, Laflin, George V. Lawrence, William Lawrence, B. Washburn, Welker, Wentworth, Williams, James F. Loan, Longyear, Marston, Marvin, McClurg, McIndoe M ilson, - Stephen F. Wilson-1. Kee, McRuer, Mercur, Moorhead, Morrill, Morris, Moulton, NAYS-Messrs.Ancona,Bergen, Boyer, Bromwell, Brook, Myers, Newell, O'Neill, Orth, Paine, Patterson, Perham, Chanle, Dawson,Denison,Eldridge, Fcaruhar, Y1Fc7c, GoodPike, Plants, Price, Alexander H. Rice, John H. Rice, Rol- year, Grider, Aaron Hardi ng, Hill, Hogan, Chester D. lins, Sawyer, Scofield, Shellabarger, Sloan, Spalding, Starr, Hubbard. Edwin D. Hubbell, Ingersoll, Johnson, Kerr, KuyStevens, Th.yer, Trowbridge, Upson, Van Aernam, Burt kendall, Marshall, Mc1i0llougzNh, Niblack, Nicholson, Nlell, Van Horn, Ward, Warner, Ellihu B. Washburne, William B. rth, fo, uel. an, William. Randall, Washburn, Welker, Wentworth, illis, Je Willitt, Roams, sse, SJames., Smith, Stephen F. Wilson, Windom-107. Stillwell, Streuse, Taber, Taylor, l7ornton, Trimble, Whaley, NAYS —Messrs. Ancona, Bergen, Blow, Boyer, Brooks, Wr'ight-46. Darling, Davis, Dawson, Denison, Eldridge, Farquhar, inck, ebruary 26, 1866 Mr. Defrees offered this Glossbrenner, Grider, Griswold, Hale, Harding, Hill, Hogan, resoi i Edwin N. Hubbell, James R. Hubbell, James Humphrey, reso tion, which was lad over: James M. Humphrey, Johnson, Kasson, Kerr, Latham, Le Resolved, That it is the opinion of this House Blond, Marshall, Niblack, Nicholson, Noell, Phelps, Rad- that Congress has no constitutional right to fix ford, Samuel J. Randall, William II. Randall, Rsrmond, alificatio of electors in the several Ritter, Rogers, Ross, Rousseau, Shanclin, Sitgreaves, Smith, t q at electors the several Stillwell, Strouse,'aber, Taylor, Francis Thomas, John L. States. Thomas, jr., Thornton, T)imble, Voorhees, Whaley, Winfield, May 21-It was referred to the Committee on Wright-56. tW~~riguht-i.$ ~ the Judiciary-yeas 86, nays 30. The nays Elective Franchise in the States. were: December 18, 1865~-,r. Thornton'submitted Messrs. Ancona, Dawson, Defrees, Denison, Eldride, this resolution:r Glossbrenner, Goodyear, Grider, Aaron Harding, Hogan, TJ *1; -~ J. LI.'3 *towad ind' 3 Edwin N. THubbell, James M. Hunmphrey, Kerr, KuykenWhereas; at the first movement tow ard lnue- dall, George V. Lawrence, Le Blond, McCsullough, Niblack, pendence, the Congress of the United States in- Nicholson, Samuel J. Randall, Ritter, Rogers, Ross, Sitstructed the several States to institute govern- greases, Stillwell, Taber, Taylor, HeoryD. Washburn, mnments of their own, and left each Sle to decide eld, ~for itself the conditions for the enjoyment of the. TestOath elective franchise; and whereas during the period December 18 1865-Mr. Hill submitte this of the confederacy there continued to exist a resolution: very great diversity in tle qualifications of elec- Resolved That the act of July 2 1862 pretors in the several States; and whereas the Con- scribig an oath to be taken and subscribed by stitution of the United States recognizes these persons elected or appointed to ofice nder the diversities when it enjoins that in the choice of Government of the United States before entermembers of the HIouse of R:epresentatives -the ing upon the duties of such office, is of binding electors in each State shall have the qualifications force and eect on all deprtments of the public requisite for the electors of the most numerous servce, ad should in no instance be ispe branch of the State legislatures; and whereas, with.' after the formation of the Constitution, it re- r. Finck moved that it be tabled; which mained, as before, us was before, theuniformsagoreed to-yeas 32, nays 126, as follow,: to enlarge the body of its electors according to YEAs-Messrs. Ancona, B, Be ye r,, aB, Boo, er, its own judgment; and whereas so fixed was the Dawson, Denison, Eldridge, Finck, Grider, Aaron Har(iing, reservation in the habits of the people, and so Harris, Hogan, Edwin N. Hubbell, Johnson, Kerr, Latham, n Mdarshall, McCullough, Niblack, Nicholson, Noell, Samuel J. unquestioned has been the interpretation of thie Alnrsoil, McC llozegh, Niblacic, Nicholsouo, Noell, Sanuel J..s.on, tat.dne.tei piv waRandall, Ritter, Rogers, Ross, Shanklin, Sitgreaves, Strouse, Constitution, that during the civil war the late Taber, Thornton, Trimble-32. President never harbored the purpose, certainly NAYs-Messrs. Alley, Allison, Ames, Anderson, James M. never avowed the purposze, of disregarding it: Ashley, Baker, Baldwin, Banks, Barker, Baxter, Beaman, er e e -e Og.' Benjamin, Bidwell, Bingham, Blow, Bou.well, Brandegee, Therefore, Bromwell, Broomall, Buckland, Bundy, Reader W. Clarke, Resolved, That any extension of the elective Sidney Clarke, Conkling, Cook, Cullom, Darling, Davis, franchise to persons in the States, either by act Dawes, Defrees, Delano, Deming, DIon, Drig, Dumont, iofrathe Pr pesi ont s Congr, Eggleston, Eliot, Farnsworth, Farquhar, Ferry, Garfield, of the President or of Congress, would be an as- Grinnell, Hale, Abner C. Harding, Hart, Hayes, Henderson, sumption of power which nothing in the Consti- Higby, Hill, Holmes, Hooper, Hotchkiss, Asahel W. Hubtutian of the U'ited States c wc ould- w3 -+ 1hbard, Daemas Hubbard,jr., John H. Hubbard, James R. tti to d aes olit, t Hubbell, Hulburd, James Humphrey, Ingersoll, Jenckes, that, to avoid every cranger o conflict, the settle- Julian, Kasson,Kelley, Kelso, Ketcham, Kuykendall, Lafment of this question shoufd: be referred to the lin, George V. Lawrence, William Lawrence, Loan, Longseverayl Qtates. year, Lynch, MIarston, Marvin, McClurg, McIndoe, McKee, ever al Stat es. McRuer, Mercur, Miller, Moorhead, Morrill, Myers, Newell, -ir. Ellihu- B.- Washburne moved that it be O'Neill, Orth, Paine, Patterson, Perham, Phelps, Pike, laid on the table; which was agreed to-yeas 111, Plants, Price, William H. Randall, Raymond, Alexander H. nays 46as fllow: Rice, John H. Rice, Rollins, Rousseau, Sawyer, Schenck, 4ay6s asi, a,~OiOW:.- bcofield, Shellabarger, Smith, Spalding, Starr, Stevens, Ys.s —Messrs. Alley, Allison, Ames, Anderson, James M. Stillwell, Thayer, John L.Thomas, Trowbridge, Upson, Van VOTS' IN aTHE HOUSE ON RESOLUTIONS. 11 Aernamn,:B3rt Van Horn, Robert T. Van Horn, Ward, War- January 9-Mr. Bingham offered this subner, Ellihn B. Washburne, William B. Washburn, Welker, stitte Wentworth, Whaley, Williams, James F. Wilson, Stephen F. Wilson-125. Resilved, That this House has an abiding conIt then passed. fidence in the President, and that in the future, as in the past, he will Co-operate with Congress Test Oath for Lawyers. in restoring to equal position and rights with January 15, 1866-Mr. Stevens offered this the other States in the Union all the States lately Tanuary 15, 1866~Mr. Stevens offered this b ^^^^__ re o~~~lution:~ -in insurrection. ~resolnved, That the ommittee on the Judi- Mr. Bingham moved to refer the resolutions'2%solved,. That the Committee on the Judi- and the substitute to the Committee on Reconciary be instructed to inquire into the expedi- and the substitute to the Committee on Reconstruction; which was agreed to-yeas 107, nays ency of so amending the act of January 24,1865, stru hich wa agreed to-yeas 107, nays relative to the test oath, as to allow attorneys- 42, as follow: reativ- to prcte te st oh sion without tirneys YEAS -Messrs. Allison, Ames, Anderson, James M. Ashley, at"-law to practice their profession without teaking i Baker, Baldwin, Banks, Baxter, Beaman, Benjamin, Bidwell, said oath, on an equal footing with the mem- Bingham, Blaine, Boutwell, Brandegee, Bromwell, Broomall, bers of all other professions. Buckland, Bundy, Reader W. Clarke, Sidney Clarke, Cobb, W^^hich w~ as agreed to-yeas 8~2, isys, 77, as ^Conkling, Cook, Cullom, Davis, D]awes, Defrees, Deming,. Which was agreed to-yeas 82, n s, 77, as Donnelly, Driggs, Eggleston, Eliot, Ferry, Garfield, Grinfollow:.nell, Hale,'A.. Harding, Hart, Hayes, Ienderson, HI-igby, YEAS —Iessrs. Alley, Amets,7ncena, Bergen, Blow, Boyer, Hill, Holmes, Iooper, Asahel W. Hubbard, Chester D. HubBrooks, Buckland, Blndy, Chanler, Cobb, Cook, Darling, bard, John H. Hubbard, James R. Hubbell, HIulburd, IngerDavis, Drcwson, Denison, Driggs, BEldrdge, Farquhar, FerrT, sol, Jenckes, Julian, Kelley, Kelso, Ketcham, Kuykendall, inc7c, Glossbrenner,Goodyea, Grides, Griswold, Hale. Areron, Laflin, Latham, William Lawrence, Logn- Longyear, Lynch, B~r~din~rLgn, BAbner C. Ia- Iin - Marvin McClurg, McKee, McRuer, Mercur, Miller, MoorJdohn H. Hubbard, Edwie a. Hubbell, James R. IIubbel', head, Morrill, Morris, Moulton, Myers, Newell, O'Neill, Orth, James HEtmphrey, JcTmes il Humphrey, Ingersoll, Jotnson, Paine, Patterson, Perham, Phelps, Pike, Plants, Price, AlexKasson, Kerr, Kuykendall, Latham, George V. Lawrence ander H. Rice, John 1H. Rice, Rollins, Sawyer, Scofield, Le Blond, Mac-s/tall, Marston, Mairvin, lcCuloag/h, Mc:Ruer, Shellabarger, Smith,.Spalding, Stev'ens, Stillwell, Thayer, Miller, Moorhead, Niblack, Nicholsonn Voell, Orth, Phelps, John L. Thomas, jr., Trowbridge, Upson, Van Aernam, Burt Pike, Plants, Pomeroy, Price, Racdford, Samuel J. tzadall, Van Horn, Warner, Ellihu B. Washburne, Williamn B. WashRaymond, Ritter, Rogers, Ross, Sawyer, Shan7tlin, Sitgreaves, burn, iWelker, Williamns, S. F. Wilson, Windom-107. Smith, Stevens, Stillwell, Strouse, Taber, Taylor,'Ihaer NaYs-Messrs. Ancona, Berge-, Boeer, Broa7s, Chanler, Francis Thomas, DT/ornatoz Trimbl, Trowbridge Wielcl- Darlin Dawson, Denison, Eldridge, Gossbrenner, Gaider, Fnraucis Thoma es, T hornton, Trimble,e Trowbridge, WiJ. fieldr82, Aaro. H. arn alding, oHqan, J. i. aHum-phrey, Kerr, Le Blond, NAs —Messrs. Allison, Anderson, Delos. Ashley, James Marshall, Niblackc, lVicholson, Noell, Racdford, Samuel J. M. Ashley, Baker, Banlls, Barker,'Baxter, Beaman, Ben- 1dall, Raymond, Ritter, Rer, Ros, Stouse, Taber Pe9hamRandall, ayolender.Ricee, Jh.Res, Winfiesl, oabority t ei jatnin, Bidwell, Binghaml, Blaine, \Boutwell, Brandege llee,, tinteld, Wrict-42. Bromwell, RIeader W. Clarke, Sidney Clarke, Conkling, Dayves, Defrees, Delano, Deming, Dixon, Donnelly, Eck- Withdrawal of eilitary Force. Withdrawal of lhailit aryfFor ce. ley; Eggleston, Eliot, Farnsworth, Grinnell, Hart, Hayes, Henderson, Holmes, Asahel W. Hubbard, Demas Hub- January 8, 1866 —Mr. Thos. Williams submitbard, jr., Hulburd, Jenckes, Julian,, Kelley,'Kelso, Laf- ted this resolution: lin, William. Lavrence, Loan, Longyear, Lynch, McClurg, ht n oer e en e McKee, Meorur, Morrill, Morris, Moulton, O'Neill, Paiie, Resolved, That order to the maintenance Pelsam, Randall, Alexander H. Iice, John TI. Rice, Rollins, of the national authority and the protection of Schenck, Scofield, Shellabarger, Sloan, Spalding, Starr, the loyal citizens of the seceding States it is John L. Thomas, jr., Upson, Fan Aernam, Buet Van, Hor', a Wad, Ellihu B. Washburne, William B. Washburn, Welker, the sense of ths House that the military forces of Williams, James F. Wilson, Windom, Woodbridge — 7.. the Government should not be withdrawn from those States until the two Houses of Congress C Endorsement of the Pretident's l olicy. shall have ascertained and declared their further December 21, 1865 —Mr. Voorhees submitted presence there no longer necessary. these resolutions, which were postponed till W ichwas passed-yeas 94, nys37, as follow: January 9, 1866: YEAS-Messrs. Ames, Anderson, Delos R. Ashley, Baker, Resolved, That the p min essage of the President Banks, Baxter, Beaman, Benjatlin, Bidwell, Bingham, teesolved, That the mes sage of the Hresian, Uniteds Strates,, de e at Blaine, Boutwell, Brandleee, Bromwell, Broomall, Buncy, of the United States, aelivered at the present ader W. lke, Sidne Clarke, Cobb, Conkling, Cook, Congress, is regarded by this body as an able Cullom, Defrees, Deming, Donnelly, Driggs, Eggleston, and patriotic State paper. Eliot, Farnsworth, Farquhar, Ferry, Garfield, Grinnell, That the principles ther ein i advocated for.Abner C. Harding, Hart, Hayes, Henderson, Higby, Hill, 2. nnate tne princtplesH therein advocated for VHolmes, Hooper, Hbbard, Chester D. H.ubbaard, John the restoration of the Union are the safest and H. Hubbard, James R. Hubbell, Hulburd, Jenckes, Julian, most practicable thath can tniow be applied to our Kelley, Kelso, Ketcham KHuykendall, Lafin, William Lawerd domestic, afar s,. rfence, Loan, Longyear, Lynch, Marvin, McClurg, McKee, disordered domestic affairs. McRuer, Mercur, Miller, Moorhead, Morrill, Morris, Moul3,. That no State, or any number of States ton, Myers, O'Neill, Orth, Paai, Patterson, Plants, Price, con-federated together, can in aniy manner sunder dAlexander H. Rice, Rollins, Sawyer, Scofield, Shellabarger, con federated together, can in any manner sunder er onectiowith te Federal Union, except * Spalding, Stevens, Thayer, Trowbridge, Upson, Van Aertheir connection with the Federal Union, except man, Burt' Van Horn, Robert T. Van Horn, Ward, Warner, by a total subversion of our present system of- Ellihu B. Washburne, Welker, Williams,- Stephen F. Wilgovernment; and that the President in enuncia- son, Windom-94. tingthis doctrin e in his late messae has but., NAYS-Messrs. Ancona, Bergen, Boyer, Brooks, Chanler, ting this doctrine in his late message Das iutDavis, Dawson, Delano, Denison, Eldridge, Glossbrenner, given.expression to the sentiments of all those Gridets, A. Harding, Hoegan, Edwin r. Hubbell, James M. who deny the right or power of a State to'secede. Humsirpley, Kerr, Latham, Le Blnd, larshal, Niblack, That tohe President 1 is entitled to the 1 Nicholson, eoell, Samuel J. Randall, Raymond, ritter, 4. That the President is entitled to the -thanksBRogers, Ross, Smith, Stillwell, Strouse, Taber,:Tylor, of Congress and the country for his faithful,'oorhees, -Winfeld, Woodbridge, Wright-37. wise, and successful efforts to restore' civil government, law, and order to those States whose The Legal Effect of Rebellion —the Duty of Concitizens were lately in insurrection against the gress-the Writ of Habeas Corpus, and Thanks federal authority; and we hereby pledge our-.to. the President. selves to aid, assist, and uphold him in the policy February 19, 1866-Mr. Longyear submitted which he has adopted to give harmony, peace, these resolutions: and union to the country. Resolved, That in the language of the procla 112 POLITICAL MANUAL. mation of thle President of May 29, 1865, "the Washburne, William B. Washburn, Welker, Wentworth, rebellion which Was waged by a portion of the Williams, James. F. Wilson, Stephen F. Wilson, Windonai, rebellion which was waged by a portion of the Woodbridge-102. people of the U~nited States against the l^o perly NAYS.-Messrs. Ancona, Bergen, Boyer, Brooks, GlanLer, constituted authorities of the Governmenl there- Dawson, Eldridge, ]Finclc, Glossbrenner, Goodyear, Gr'i&cr, of ~in the mos violent andl revolting f 1orm 4 bt Hale, Aaron Harding, Hogan, Chester D. -Hubbard, Kerr, of in the most violent and revolting form, bu.t "Latham, lMcodlough, Mercur, Niblacc, NTicholson, Phelps, whose organized and armed forces have now Radford, Samuel J. Randall, Raymond, Ritlcr, Rogers, Ross, been almost entirely overcome, has in its revolu- Rousseau, Shan/lin, Smith, Taber, John.L. Thomas, Th-orntionary progress deprived the people" of the tn, mble, haleyStates in which it was organiized " of all civil The second resolution was agreed to-yeas government.". ~. 104, nays 33, as follow: 2. That whenever the people of any St.ate ley, Baker, Baldwin, Banks, Baxter, Beaman, Benjamin, are thxs " deprived of all civil government," it Bidwell, Bingham, Boutwell, Brandogee, Bromwell. Broombecomes the duty of Congress, by appropriate all, Reader W. Clarke, Cobb, Conkling, Cook, Cullom, Delegislation, to enable them to organize a State frees, Deming, onnelly, Drigs, Ecley, Eggleston, Eliot, government, and in the language of the Consti- ~Farnsworth, Ferry, Garfield, Grinnell, Griswold, Hale, Abgovernment, and in the language of the Consti- n. a, in Hayes, Henterson,tligbyHoemes,Hooper, Cer H. Ha'ding, Hiayes, Henderson, ffigby, Holmes, Hooper, tution "to guarantee to such State a republican HI-otchkiss, Asahel W. ubbard. Chester D. Hubbard, Domas ferm of governiment." Hubbard, John H. Hubbard, James R. Hubbell, HIulburd,. That it is the deliberate sense of'this Ingcrsoll, Jenckes, Julian Kelley, Keleo, Ketcham, Laflin, 3. That it is the^ deliberate sense of this William Lawrence, Loan, Longyear, Lynch, Marvin, MeHouse that the condition of the rebel States fully Ciri McIndo, McKee, Mc Ruer, Mercur, Moorhead, Mo'rjustifies the President in maintaining the sus- rill, Morris, Moulton, Myers, O'Neill, Orth, Paine, Perham, ^pension of the writ of halBsea~ co us in those Pike, Plants, Pomeroy, Price, William H. Randall, Alexanpension of the writ of habeas corpus in those Tder HI. Rice, John HIL. Rice, Rollins, Sawyer, Schenck, ScoStates. field, Shellabarger, Sloan, Spalding, Starr, Stevens, Thayer, 4. That it is the deliberate sense of this John L. Thonas, Trowbridge Upson, Van Aernam, Burt Tan Horn, Ward, Ellihu B. Washburne, William B. WashHouse that the condition of the rebel States fully Vn oWelker, Ellworth, Williamsburn, James F. Wilson, burn, velker, Wentworth, Williams, James F. Wilson, justifies the President in maintaining military Stephen F. Wilson, Windom, Woodbridge —104. possession and control thereof, and that the Presi- NAYs-Messr. Ancona, Beigen Boyer, Brocs,C'nner, dentis entitld to nthe thanks of, a the natie for i awson, Eldridge, Finck, Glossbrenner, Goodyear, Grider, dent is entitled to the thanks of the nation for Aa ron tHarding, Hogan, Kasson, Kerr, Latham, Le Blond, employing the war power for the protection of McCulough, g Niblacc, Nicholson, Phelps, Raedford, Ssnmel Union citizens and the freedmen in those States. J. Randall, Raymond, Bitter, Rogers, Ross, Shan/din, Smith, Mr. Finck moved they be laid on the table;e, ~Whaley-33. which was disagreed to -yeas 29, nays 119, as The thi;rd resolution was agreed to-yeas 120, follow:- nays 26, as follow: ~~~Y AE~ ~ ~ ~~EAS —s-eMesssrs. Anona, Bergenioc, Cane ason Yes-esrs Allison, Andqrson, James M. Ashley, BaYEAS — essrs. Ancona, Bergen,,Broocs, haner, Dawson, Gorker, Baldwin, Banks, Baxter, Baman, Benjamin, Bidwell, Eldridge, Fincc, Glossbrenner, Goodyear, -Gider, A4aron -Bingham, Blaine, Boutwell, Brandogeo, Biomwell, BroomHardming, Hogan, JamesM I. HumphZrey, Kenrr.al, Le Blond, Reader W. Clarke, Sidney Clarke, Cobb, Conkling, Cook, Marshall, McCullosugh, Niblack, Nicholson, Radfordl Samuel Cullom, IDawes, Defrees, Deming, Donnelly, Driggs, Eckley, J. Randall, Ritter, Rogers, Ross, Shanklin, Taber, Thornton, Eggleston, Eliot, Farnsworth Farqlhaa Ferry, Garfield, lki~mb/le, Vsor-h/ees~-29. Grinnell, Griswold, Hale, Abner C. Harding, Hayes, HenNAs3 -Messrs. Allison, Anderson, Delos R. Ashley, James derson, Higby. Holmes, looper, Hotchkiss, Chester D. HubM. Ashley, Baker, Baldwin, Banks, Baxter, Beaman, Benja- bard, e ubbard, John. Hubbard, James R. Hsbbell, rain, Bidwell. Bingham, Blaine, Bouttwell, Bromwell, Broom- J, del gha, Bo ellowell, Boo- Hulburd. James HuImphrey, Ingersoll, Jenckes, Julian, all, Reader xW. Clarke, Sidney Clarke, Cobb, Conkling, sson, elley, Melso, Ketcham, Kuykendall, LafliM, LaCook, Cullem, Dawes, Deming, Donnelly, Driggs, Eckley, tham, George V. Lawrence, William Lawrence, Loan, LongEggleston, Eliot, Farnsworth, Farquhar, Ferry, Garfield, yearLynchMarston,Marvin,McClurg,Mclndoe, McKee,.rinnell, Griswold, IIale, Abner C. Harding, Hayes, Hen- A1cRuer, Mercur, Moorhead, Morrill, Morris, Moulton, derson, Higby, Holmes, Hooper, Asahel W. Hubbard, Ches- Myers, O'Neill Orth Pine Paerson, Perlam, Pheips tsr D. Hubbard, Demas Hsubbard, John H. Hubbard, James Pike, Plants, Pomeroy, Price, William HT. Randall, Raymond, B. Hubbell, Hulburd, James Humphrey, Ingersoll, Jenckes, Alexander H. Rice, John H. Rice, Rollins, Sawyer, Scheneik, Julian, Kasson, Kelley, Kelso, Ketcham, Kuykendall, Laflin, Scofield, Shellabarger, Sloan, Smith, Spalding, Starr, Latham, George V. Lawrence, William Lawrence, Loan, Stevens, Thayer, John L. Thomas, Trowbridge, Upson, Van Long-year, Lynch, Marvin, McClurg, McIndoe, McKee, Mc- Aerna, Burt Van Horn, Robert T. Van Horn, Ward, WarRuer, Mercur, Moorhead, Morrill, Morris, Moulton, Myers, Ellih B. ashburne, William B. Washburn, Wlker O'Neill, Orth, Paine, Patterson, Perham, Phelps, Pike, Wentworth Whaley Williams, James F. Wilson, Stephen. Plants, Pomeroy, Price, William H. Randall, Raymond, F. Wilson, Windom, -Woodbridge-120. Alexander II. Rice, John H. Rice, Rollins, Rousseau, Saw- NAYs — essrs. Ancona, Bergen, Boyed, Brooks, Chanler, yer, Schenck; Scofield, Shellabarger, Sloan, Smith, Spald- Dawson Eldrige, Finck, Glossbrenner, Goodyear, Grier, ing, Starr, Stevens, Thayer, John L. Thomas, Trowbridge, Aaroi Harding, Jaes e M. Hsmphrey, Kerr, Le Blond, McUpson, Van Aernam, Burt Van Horn, Robert T. Van H-horn,'Cullough, Newell, Niblackc, Radford, Bitter, Rogers, Boss, Ward, Warner, Ellihu B. Washburne, William B. Washburn, Shan/in, Faber, Fiornton, Trimb~e-26. Welker, Wentworth, Whaley, Williams, James F. Wilson, Stephen F. Wilson, Windom, Woodbridge-119. The first clause of the fourth resolution was A division of the question having beqn de- agreed to-yeas 118, nays 23, as follow: manded, the first resolution was agreed to —yeas YEAs —Messrs. Allison, Delos R. Ashley, James M. Ashley, 102, nays 36, as followv: - Baker, Baldwin, Banks, Ba.-tes Ileaman, Benjamin, Bidwell, Bingham, Blaine, Boutwell, Brandogee, Bromwell, Broomall, YEAs-Messrs. Allison, Anderson, Delos R. Ashley, James Reader W. Clarke, Sidney Clarke, Cobb, Conkling, Cook, M. Ashley, Baker, Baldwin, Banks, Baxter, Beaman, Benja- Cullom, Dawes, Defrees, Doeming, Driggs, Eckley, Eggleston, mmin, Bidwell, Bingham, Blaine, Boutwell, Brandegee, Brom- Eliot, Farnsworth, Farquhar, Ferry, Garfield,. Grinnell. well, Broomall, Reader W. Clarke, Sidney Clarke, Cobb, Griswold, Hale, Abner C. Harding, Hayes, Henderson, HigConkling, Cook, Defrees, Deming, Donnelly, Driggs, Eckley, by, Holmes, Hooper, Hotchkiss, Chester D. Hubbard, DeEggleston, Eliot, Farnsworth, Ferry, Garfield, Grinnell, mas Hubbard, jr., John Ih. Hubbard, James R. Ilubbell, AbnerC. Harding, Hayes, Henderson, HIigby, Holmes, Hoop- Hulburd, James IHumphrey, Ingersoll, Jenckes, Julian, er, Asahel W. Hubbard, Demas Hubbard, John II. Hub- Kasson, Kelley, Kelso, Ketcham, Kuykendall, Lafli. n, bard, James R. Hubbell, Hulburd, Ingersoll, Jenckes, Ju-'Latham, George, V. Lawrence, William Lawrence, Loan, lian, Kasson, Kelley, Kelso, Kotcham, Kuykendall, Laflin, Longyear, Lynch, Marston, Marvin, McClurg, McIndoe, McWilliam Lawrence, Loan, Longyear, Lynch, Marston, Mar- Kee, McRuer, Mercur, Moorhead, Morris, Moulton, Mlyers, vin, McClurg, McIndoe, McKee, McRuer, Moorhead, Mor- O'Neill, Orth, Paine, Patterson, Perham, Phelps, Plants, rill,.Morris, Moulton, Myers, O'Neill, Orth, Paine, Perham, Pomeroy, Price, William HI. Randall, Raymond, Alexander Pike, Plants, Pomeroy, Price, William EH. Randall, Alexan- I-I. Rice, John H. Rice, Rollins, Rousseau, Sawyer, Schenck, der H. Rice, John Hi. Rice, Rollins, Schenck, Scofield, Shel- Scofield, Shellabarger, Sloan, Smith, Starr, Stevens, Thayezr, labarger, Sloan, Spalding, Starr, Stevens, Thayer, Trow- Francis Thomas, John L. Thomas, jr., Trowbridge, Upson, bridge,: Upson, Van Aernam, Ward, Warner, Ellihu B. Van Aermanm, Burt Van Horn, Robert T. Van Horn, Ward, VOTES IN THE HOUSE ON RESOLUTIONS. 11 Warner, Ellihn B. Washburne, William B. Washburn, Beit resolvd, As the'opiisor' of ep'Iouse Welker, Wuntwsortl. Wlialh y, Williams, amines F. Wilson,f ep t sd L ld be.Stephen F.,Wlson, Windlom i, oodbride 8. of Representatives, that, s1d 8a-is sholdbe NAYS-._:essrs. Ascsoa, Bergen, Boyer, Brooks, Dawson, held in custody as a prisonetr, and subjected to Eldridge, En, Gloslrenner, Goodyeai, A flon Helaring, a trial according to the laws of the land..James ill. HItimphrey, M'CuLttlouiqh, Nibtlack, N:chlson, Rad.ford, Samuel J. Rlaacld.l, Ritter, yogers, Ross, Shanklin, Which was agreed to yeas l05, nays 19, as 2ber,. Thornton, Trimble23. follow: The second clause of the fourth resolution Thescond laus ofthefou h e YEAs —Messrs. Alley, Allison, James M. Ashley, Baker, was agreed to-yeas 135, nays 8, as follow: Baldwin, Banks, iaxte',Bei:man, Bidwell. Bii gham, Bhln e, YEas-Moessrs. Allison, Ancon, Anderson, James M. Ash- Boutwell, Bronwell, Buckl nd, Bundy, Reader W. Clarke, ley, Baker, Ilaldwin, Banks, Baxter,' teallian, Benijamiin, Ber SidneyClarke, Coob, Couinkin, Co ok, Cullun. D arling. Davis, geen, Bichv-ll, Bisngl am. Blaie, Boutwell,. Bo!/er, Brandeee, Dawes, Defirees, Donrielly. E:kley,'Eliot. Farnsworltil, Far-'Bromwell,.t s. Boo,;s. Bi, Reider.W. Cirke, Sidnly quhar. Ferry, Gasfield, Grinnell, riswold lisle, Abner C. Clarke,CubbL> Cinklinl, Cook, Culon,Dawson. Defrees Dem- Harding, Iairt, li'a es, lenderson. lIigby, llolmes Hiooper, ing,,Donnelly, Driggs, Eckle;y, Egleston, Ede;dge e,. Eliot, ot-chkiss, Chester D. IInbbard, John II. TltubbaRld,.Iames Farnsworthl,s-Farquil ar y, Fierry lF. Grfietd, Glssbiener, R. Hullbbell, lhili:ln, Kelso,'Ketelianm, Kiykendail, Laflin,'Goodyear, Griswold, Hale, Ab'nr. HaIrdng~, la.yes, igby, Lathain, George V. Lawrence, Williami L wren'cc, Loan, Holmhes, Hloper. Ilothkiss, Chester.D. liubbai, Dn rs Longyer, Lvnch, n la shall, larvin, McClur;,, McKee,.Mc,Hubbard. Jolin II. Iabb;rd,.Jinles'R.: lnbbbll, Ilutbiud, Ruer, Miercr, Mliller, Mioorilead, lorrill, Morriis, Moullton,'James Humplirey. Jame s M. -I ralnphl: ey, Igtlrsoll,,Jnckles, lyers, O'Neill, Ortlih, Paine, Peham, Plihelps. ike, Plants, Johnson, Juliail K isson.Kelley, Kelso, Kerr, Ketclham,'omeroy, Price, Willsi t It. Randill. Rtyinond, Alex under Knykenlall, Laflin, Lathlamn George V Lawrellce, William H. Ruice, Sawyer,- Shenek, Scofield, Siilllalalger, Sloan. Lawrence. Le Blond, iloan, Lown'year,,Iynch.l Marston, Smith, Spalding Thayer, John L Thornet. T/lom~i nos, Trow. Mlarvin, McClurag, M;lIndoe, McKee, MerI'nr, sr oosrhad; bridge, Upson, Van Aernini, irtl, Ward, Warner, leisy IX Morrill,Mor, s, Moullon, Mlycrs, O'Neill Orth Paine, Pat- W;ashburn, Welker, Whaley Williotins. James F. Wilson, terso Pn, Perham, Pelps. Pike, I'lants, P:nieroy, Price, i.(d- Stephen F.'Wilson, Windom. Winfield, Woodbridge-105. ford, Samuel J. Rimn all, Williani 1. Randi ll, Raymond, NAYs —Messrs. Ancona, Byese, Coffloth, 2Eldrlidge, Finck, Alexander It. Rice, Jolim II. 1Lice, Rollisis, Russeau, Saw- Glo.sbsrennr, Grider, Harris, isaIoanes, Johlsin, McCullough, yer, Schenck, Se fiild, Shells.ibarger, Sloan, Sinith, Spald- Niblack, Saimuel J. Bsasdall, Ritter, Rogers, Silgreuves, Taing, Starr, Stevenis,'ber, Tisayer, Francis. Thomnas, Jolin ber, Trimble, Wright-19. L. Thoisa.,,' TIornon, Trowbridge, Uison,. Vasi Aernam, Burt Van IHorn, Rubert Vain IHorn, Wa, W d Warner, Ellihu Neutality — he Fenians. B. Washbsuine, William B. Wassliburn, Welker, Wentworttlh. Whaley, Williams, Jales F. Wilson.Stephen F. Wilson, June 11, 1866 Mr. Ancona offered this resoWisndom, *'od sbrid 135. lution NAYS —Messrs. Grider, Aaron Hardwing, McOullough, luton: Nicholson, Ritier, Rogers, Shanlclin, Trimble —8. Whereas the Irish people and their brothers.' ^and friends in this country are moved by a Recognition of State government of North Caro- patriotic purpose to assert the indel)endence lina.' and re-establish the nationality of Ireland; and March 5, 1866-The SPrAKER having proposed whereas the active sympathies of the people of to lay before the House a communication signed the United States are naturally with all men Jonathan Worth, Governor of North Carolina, who struggle to achieve such ends, more especiMr. Stevens objected to its reception; and on ally when those engaged therein are the acknowthe question, will the House receive the same, the ledged friends of our Government, as are the yeas were 38, nays 100, as follow: Irish race, they having shed their blood in deYEAs-essrs. Delos R. Ashley. euen, Birooks.-Chaner, fense of.our flag in every battle of every war in.Bvis, Denis n, ldrid,,' Finc/, Gosd'iea', G:ideru Hale, which the republic has been engaged; and whereAareon nHasrdtn7, w;a'ElinN IV. lbbell Jamesallumphrey, as the British Government, against whom they Kerr; Kuykendall, Latham. Mlarshall, Mc~ueru Niwell Nibarestruggling, is entitled to no other; or greater lack, N\iic:ltlSon zXocll, P1helps, l-Bad/Oral,..-tyinion(],-0l lo', Rogers, Ios', Rousseau,i Sha sklin, Tubes), alot, The, ornton, consideration from us as a nation than that de-.T'usiuble, Wh'aly," I d ssell.- 5 manded bv the strict letter of international.law, NAYvs-Messrs. Alley, Allison. Ames, Anderson; James'M. kAshleyBikes, taskes, B Bark er, Bat er. Baion.a Bnjsiun, for the reason that during our late civil war she Bidwell, Binghliam, IBlaiiie, Boutwell, Brallndegee, Biomwell, did in effect, by her conduct, repeal her: neuBroomal Buckioland. Bunsly, Siduney Clarke, Cobb. Cook, trality laws; and wlhereas when reparation is,Cufilom, Defrees, Desirg, Doisnelly, )rigg"a Dumont, Eckley d demanded for damages to our commerce, resultEliot, Farnsworth. F'rqsuhur,, Ferry Grinnsell, Abner C. H;trdhing, IHa.ye, Hlenderson, IliHby, Itill,IIoh0ues, HIooper, Lnotch- ing from her willful neglect to enforce the same, kissAsahelw Ilulh a, Bensiaslusard, r.,Jos I Hub she arrogantly denies all'responsibility, and hard, Jares R. 1) ubbell, i ilburd. In2getrsoll, enkes, Julian, buJaelley, iesR ubbe llhi, Klelbula Iuaeisc,Wlaen seynh, Jsto n claims to be the judge in her own case; and K elsley, Keso, Ketii usi, Willian La irruance:~y nah, Iauseton; i lMcClur, iMcKea, IMiller. Morris, Moulton, Nlyers, O'Neill' whereasi the existence of our neutrality law of'Orth, Paine, Patterson, Perham, s -ulke, Price, William L. 1818 compels the executive department of this. Randall, Alexander I1. Rice, John iI. Rice, Rollins, Sawyer, o henclc, Scofiex ld, Shi b geie r, Shean,,p'inSteves, e Government to discriminate mos t'harshly against Stillwell, Th':yer, FrancisThoiins, Johnl. Thoinas,jr.,TLrow- those who have ever been and aire now our bridge, Upson, Van Aernatm, Bart Van HIorn. Robect T. Vin friends and in favor of those vho have been Horn, Warner, Elihun BI, ashbbnrne, Ileney D. Vashburn,nly to the general prin of Welker, Weritworth, Williams, James F. Wilson, Stephen faithless, not only to the general principles of F. Wilson, Windom, Woodbridlge.-100. comity which should eeiqstt between friendly States, but also to the written law of'their own Trial of Jefferson Davis. nation upon this subject: Therefo e, June 11, 1866-Mr. Boutwell offered this reso- Be i't resolved, That the Committee on, Foreign lution:' - Affairs be, and'they are hereby, instructed Whereas it is notorious that Jefferson' Davis to report a.bill, repealing an act approved was the, leader of the late rebellion, and is'guilty April 20, 1818, entitled "An act in'addiof treason under the aws of'- the United States; tion to an act for'the punishment of certain and whereas by the proclamation of the Presi: crimes against the United States," and to repeal'ent of May, 1865, the said Davis was charged the act therein mentioned, itbeing the neutrality with complicity in the assassination. of President law, under the terms of which the President s Lincoln, and said proclamation has not been re- proclamation against the Fenians was issued. Yoked nor annulled: Therefdre,' Mr. Davis, of New York, moved to lay it on 8 114 -iPO ETICAi M:_MANIUAL. the table, which'was lost —yas 5, (Messrs. Cobb. on Foreign Affairs, stating that if referred the D)avis, Grinnell, Hale, Trowbridge,) nays 112. committee would report upon it. Tle motion:Mr. Schenck moved this as.a substitute: was agreed to yeas 87, nays 35, as follow: Rtslved, TI hat the. Presi.ent of -the United -YEAS-Messrs. Alley, Allison, Delos R. Ashley, JamesM. States, in the -opinion of this House, should re- Ashley, Baker, Ba'dwin, Ba:iks Baxter, Beaman,-lBidwell, consider the policy which has been'adopted by BinghaLm, Bla'e, Boutwell, Bromwell, Bucklaud,1Bulndy,'t.-~m.~ l.^,....n.. ^'Rr..-,: r-~....'.......n..- Reder W. Clarke. Sidney Clarkp, Cobb, Cook, Cullom, him as between the British Government and that Rede3 W e. Care, SdIley Cle, Cobb, Cool, Onullon, DaItwes, Dcfiees' elenlo, Dodge, Dig'gs, Eckley, FarnsWortl, portion of the Irish people who, under the name Farquwhal, (f:inrell laliris, IItrt, IIyes, lolmes, Denmas of Fenians, are struggling for their independent. Hulibard, Edwin N. HubellJeneLes,Jo^.es, Kassoe, Kel~.'_' lT.......~_, ~n^ _..j ^p, ^ r6ni7l'~ o t 2 _ _~_~~_~ ley Kuylkendall, Laflin, Latiam, George V. Lawrence, Wil~'... _.. - ~..ai' t' L'wrence Lnotg'earn ir atrvin, lcClUirg,. McKeo, IlCnationality; and that lne be requested to adopt, dl aw,Li~el ali Cl',Mcecas nearly as practicable that exact course of pro-'Itfele, AMecur, Miller, Morrill, Morris, Mculton, Myers, cedure which was pursued by the Government O'Neill, Orth, Piin e, Perhai, Phelps, Pike, Plants, Price, t..t.R ~,~.~,^. ~.illiiamI I Randa.11ll, Raymond, Alexsander II. Rice, John 11. of Great Britain on the occasion of the late civil Rice, il ss, I R ot, a-yird, A'' ler II Rice T holla I. R. t | R s, Ro.ss ossell, sl- tyeyr, Scllenck Sclecl, heII aWar in this'country between the United States barger, loan, 8paldiig, Tlayer, TroWbridge, Upson, cWard, and rebels in revolt, recognizing both parties as Weler, Whaley, Williais, James F. Wilson,:Stephen F. lawful belligerents, and observing between them.ilsi Wo.dbricdge-87.';astrict e':'trlity.- NAyS —Messrs. iAneona, Bergen, Boyer, Ohanier, Coffroth, a strict neutrality..Darling asDnon, Eld'i, o d~e,. Fo.nc.lo.sbrera,' 4rling. Da~vis, Dnnmont, I(ldle, Filzc7*,!Eossbr(.nner,'Mr. Hale moved to table it; which was lost- G.Gridpr, IIale, A aron elttrdclig,:Hogan, Jaszes M. Tlunmphrey, yeas 8, (Messrs. Cobb Davis, Dawes Dodge, Johnson, Keur, IIKetclhalm, lcCullnui h, i-iblcck, Poemeroy, (rriaw;....~~l,-] Yl o T -ririrr,13 we..- Salluel.J iandall, Ritter, Rogers,,Sitgreaves. Smith, -StillGtiswold, Hale, Sloan, Trowbridge,) nays u13. Swe,:.Strou se Taber, a.ylor, Thornton, Trimble, Wi^ftd, - Mr. Banks moved to refer to.the Committee'Wrigt — 35. VOTES ON SUHFFRAGE IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA AND OT:IHER POLITICAL BILLS. Suffrage in District of Columbia.'quali'fications other than those founded on caste IN HousE. or color, to wit: nuary 0 1866-Pending thib oFirst. Those who can read the Constitution of jantuary 1;0, 1866 P ending this' bill, offered the-United States.' b;y~Mr. Keliey, December 5, 1865, and reported e ntedtates. bim rth Judiciary Decommitee by 1, adreported Second. Those who are assessed for and pay fr'om the Judiciary Committee by Mr. James:'F Wilson, December18,andthen postponed tillthis tax'es on real or personal property within the?lilson, December:18, and then postponed tillthis. dDistrict. Third. Those who have. served in and been A'Bill extending the right of siffrage in the'honorably discharged from the military or naval District of Coldmbia. service of the'United States, and to restrict such Be it enacted, &c., That from all laws and parts right of suffrage to the classes above named, and of laws prescribing the qualifications of electors to include proper provisions excluding from the for any office in the District of Columbia the right of suffrage those who have borne arms word "white" be, and the same is hereby, against the United States during the late rebelstricken out, and that from and after the passage lion, Or given aid or comfort to said rebellion. of this act no person.shall be disqualified;from January 17, 1866-Mr. Wilson accepted Mr. voting at any election held in the said District Hale's amendment as part. of his. on- account of color. January'18 Mr. Darling moved to postpone SEC. 2. That all acts of Congress and all laws the bill tillApril 3. of the State of Maryland in force in said District Mr. Niblack moved to lay the bill on the table, and all ordinances of the cities of Washington which was disagreed to,-yeas 47, nays 123, as and Georgetown inconsistent with the provisions follow: of this act are hereby repealeddand annulled.' YEAs —Messrs. Ancona, Delos R. Ashley, Bergye1, Boyer, After debate, Mr. Wilason mroved iots recommit-'B1 srooks, Chanler, Dawson, Denison, Eldridge, Finck, Gloss~LAfter debate, M...Wison mved ts reo br-enner, Goodyear, Grider, Aaron Harding, Hlogan, Chester,ment. D. ID.: bbard, Edwin.. fibbell, James M. Htumbphr'ey, John-Mr. Hale moved to amend by adding these son, Jones, Kerr, Kuykendaill, Latham,, Le Blond, Marshall, words: with instructions to amend-t;he bill so as McCullough, Niblacic, Nirholsoue, Noell, Phelps, Radfoad, o1xlS..It i nsto en e ls o Satmuel J. Randall, William'. Randall, Ritter, Rogers, to extend the right of suffrage in the District of Ross, Shanclin,:Sitgreaves, Smith, Strouse, Taber, Tayor, Coliambia to all persons coming within either John L. Thomas, jr., Tsornton, Trismble, Voorhees, WVinof the folldwing classes, irrespective of caste or field —7. of-the following classes, irrespectinep ofsaste or Nays —Messrs. Alley, Allison, Ames, Anderson, James M. color, bt subject only.to existing provisons and Ashley, Baker, Baldin nks Barker, Baxter, -Beaman, VOTEs'Qo.N SUFFRAGE. 115 Bidwell. Bingham, Blaine, Blow, Boutwell, Braodegoe, Brom- greaves,Sloan, Smith, Spalding, Starr;Stevens, Strouse, Taoef, well, Broomall, Buckiand, Bundy, Reader W. Clacke, Sidney.Iayld, Thayer, Franlis Thomls, John L. Thiomas,jr., ThiornClarke, Cobl, Conkling, Cookl, Cullom, Darling, Davis, Dawes. ton, Trinible, Upson, Van Aernam, Vooroees. Ward, Ellihu DbTeorees, Delao, Demin,-Dixon, Donnelly, Drigga, Eckley,, B.!Waishburne, WVkelkr, Wentworth, Williame, James E. Eggleston, Eliot, Fa;,rnsworth, Farquhar, eriy, Garfield, Wilson, Stepben.F. Wilson, Windom, Winfield-117. Grinnell, Griswold, Jale, Abner C. Harding, ll was the ed-yeas,....54, oendersonl,/Iligby, Hill, Holme, Iooper, As ihel W. HI- ubbard, Demas Huibbard, jr., Johnii. Hubbard, Hulburd,:James aS- follow: i Humplirey, ii-nersoll,Jenckes, Julian, Kasson, Kelle y,Kelso,'. YEAs-essrs..Alley, Allison, Ames, James M. Ashley, Ketpham, Laflin, George V. La'wirene, William imCrene, -Baker, Baldwin, Bank-s, Barker, Baxter, Beaman, Bidwell, Loan,Tlloniigyear, Lynch, Marston, M~arvin; McCiurg, McKee;, Bingham,' Blainie, Blow, Boutwell,'Brandegee, Broinwell, Mercuir, Miller, Moorhead, Morlill, Morris.:Moultoon' Myers, Broomall, Buckland, Bundy,.leader W. Clarke, Sidney O'Neill, Ortb, Paine, Patterson, Pe'bham.: Pike, Plants, Po0e-.:Clarke, GCobb, Conkling, Coo., Cullom, Darling, Davis, D iwes, roy, Price, R.a~ymond, Alexander -.I Rice, John Hi. Rice,' Defrees, DelaioDemriig, Dixon, Doineily, rlggs,'Eckley Rollins, Sawyer, Shenckr, Scofield, ShellAbarger, Sloan,;Eggleston, Eliot, Far:isworth, Ferry, G'-rfield,:lriniell. Spalding, Starr, Stevoens, Stillwell,,:hayer, Francis Thomas,:Griswold Haile, Abner C. Harding, Hart, Htyes, Uighby, Trowbrid ge, Upson, Van Aernani, Burt Van torn, Robert Holmes, Hooper, Asahel W. Hubbard, Demas luobard,jr,, T. Vain Horn, Ward, Warner, Elllin B. Washbrine, XWilliaim John H. Hubbardl Hulburd, James Huinmphrey, Ingei-soll, B. Washburn, Welker, Wentworth,- Williams, James F. il Jenckes, Julian, Easson; Kelley, Kelso, Ketchai,' Lafin, son, Stephei F. Wilson Windom Woodb idge-lI3. George V. bLawrence, William:Lawrence, Loan, bLongyear, MLyich, arsto,. M:trvin,.McGClurg, Mercur, Miller, 5IoorMr Darling modified hois.mgotion so. as topost- Ly artor Mrcur, Miller, orhead, lilolrill, orsis, lonilton, M.ers O'Neill, OrLh, Paine, pone unti tthe first Tuesday-in~!rc, w;hich -patterson, P'lam. Pike,: Plants, Poomeroy, Prie, Raymond, Was disagreed to-yeas 34, nays 1,38, as follow Alexander H. Rice, John IHt. Rice, Rollins, Saw. er, Schenck,,'. Scofield: Shel'labarger, Sloan,'Sp'aldin:' Stirr, Stevens, YEis-Messrs. Anderson, Baiaks,o6nkling, Darling, Davis, Thayer, Francis Thomas, Trowbridge, Upson, Van Aernam, Defrees,Bgleston, Faqnhar, eriy Griswdrale, Harit, Burt Van Horn, Ward, Varner, Ellihu B. Wa'-hburne HLenderson, Hill, I-ogan, Jas. I-umphrey, assonKethamn iWilliam B.Washburn;.WelkerWent'worth, Williams, Jlmnes Kuyken 1al!,'Laflin, Latham, George V..Lawirene, IiMarvin,:F. Wilson, Stephen. F.Wilson, Windom, WooLdbridgo —116. Mereur, Miller, Orth. Phelps Wiam.dl l i Ha. Radalllaymond, Nxas —essrs. Ancona, Anderson, Delos. R. Ashley, BenSmith, Stillwell, John L. Thomas jr., meTRobert'. jamin;, ergen, Boyer, Brooks, Chanler, Dawson, De'ison, Van Horni-34. E:B'dridqe, Farquhar. Finck, Glossbrenner, Goodyear, Grider, NAxs-Messrs. Alley, Allison, Ames. Ancona, Delos R.:lar.diag, lenderson, Hill, Hogan, Chester D. hubbard, EdAshley, James I. Ashley, B mker Baldwin, Barker, Baxter, oin N. Hbbell, James M1. Hlitmphrey, Johnson, Jones, Kerr, Beainn,Bonjamin, Bergen, Bidwell-Bingharm, BlaibneBlow, KuyWkendall, L.t tham, Blond,.larshall,.fcCelleoug, MoBoutwell.:Boyer, Braindegee, Boiell, Browll roos, Broomall oe, NVibLc, ichtolsoie, hols ell, Phelps, RadJfrd, Sanmuelr J. Boundy, CGaunt,.Reader W.' GClarke, Sidney COlarke, Cobb, C andabll., Willia'nII. Randall. Ritter, Rogers. Ross, SieaneCGr, CGullom, Djawes, Dawsbn, Deming, Denson,:Dixon, iin, Sityreaves, Smith, Stillwell, Srouse, Taber, Tayor Donnelly, Driggs, Eckloy, E'driedge, Eliot,Farnsworth, Jincl7, T/rnton T imble, obert.. Van lorn, Veerlees, WneffJ Gatrfield, Glossbrenner, Goodyer,4 Gi- er, GYrin nelr, A ro 54 Rarding, Abner C. Hardinf IHayes, ligby,Holnmes, Hooper,'' TSENTE.' A. VW. iubbard, Chester -D. Hubbarid, Dcmas Hubbard, jr, John H. Hubbard, Edwin N.Hili3bel, Iulburd, James L3. June 27, 1866-The bili, as reported to the Rrmpnhrdy, ln'iersoll, Jenckes, Jo/nson, Jon'es, Julian, Kel- Senate frnomo its committee amen'ded, was conlay, Kelso, IKer, Wiliam:Lairence, Le: Blond; Loan, bongyear, Lynch, Marshall,'Marston, McClurg, McCGullough,lc- seidered, the pending question being Mr. MorKee, loorhead, Morrill, Morris, Moulton, Myerns,Niblactk, rill's.motion to inseft in the first section the ichlolson, Noell, 0 Neili, Paine, Patterson, Perham, Pike, wrds in bracets, below: Plants, Pomeroy, Price, elfoe rdSarrel J. Randal, Alex- A ander II. Rice, John H. Rice, Ritter, ogers,: 3,Boins, R oss, That from,and after the passage of this act, Sawyer, Schenck, Scofield, Sha/nkiml,': Shellabrger,.Sit- each and every male person, excepting paupers greaes, Sloan SpaldinG Starr Stevens, roise, Taber, Tay- nd penr ns.under ardiinsha of the ae of,and persons.under guardianship, of the age of r, Tb-yer, Francis Thomas,'ihorniton, Tro bridie, Upson, Van Aernam, Brirt Van Horn, Viorhees, Ward, Warner, twenty-one years and upwards, who has not lilihu B. Wshliburne, William B. Wahlburn, Welker, Went- been convicted of a~ny infamous crime, or offence, wprtjh, Williams,_James F.Wilson, Stephen:&. Wilsn, Winomrti Wo, odilliamiJdges Filon, Stephen.WilsnWin-and who is a citizen of the United States, and doem; Wi~fintfd; Woodbridge —135 dom, Wuestioe tdcurring'. Woodb nidg 136. i who shall have resided in the said district for to comremit w ith instructions, Mr. Sclhens k moveed the period of six months previous to any elec1 i. ~~^ J 11 i ~.L ^ "i1 tion therein, [and excepting persons who.may to strike from the proposed instructions these ihave voluntarily [ e the Disric of Columbia wrrds:.'i Those who are.ssessed for,,and pay to give aid and comfort to the rebels in the late taxes on real or personal prdperty within the distonrict; o r whirch wason agreed y wthi tho..- rebellion,] shall be entitled. to the elective frandis, rio;"w hw ageedo.: --- cichise and shall be deemed an elector and eatiThe motion to recommit as amended, was then electi a stic'tl d to vote at any election in said District, disagreed to 7yeas 53, nays, 117, as followdisa edithout any distinction on account of color or YAs —Messrs. Anderson, Banks, Blo.Bilew, Brle.ee Bromwell, Buckland, Reader W. Clarke, Conkling, Darling, Davis, Dawes Deirees, Delano, Deming, Dixon, Driggs,Eckley, Mr.Morrill moved further to amend by inEggleston, Ferry, Griswold,- Hale,llhrt, Hayes, Henderson, sertinga, also, after "therein," the words "and Iopperr, Hullburd,,ames Humphreoy, Jenc. es, aison,'who can read the Constitution 6f the United Ketcham, Knuykendal Laflins,Lathllam George V. Lawrence, Wil iiam Lavwrence; Longyiear, Marvin, Miller,,- loorhe1d, States in the English language, and write his Horris, Myers, O'Neill, Plants,Raymnmnd, Alexander tIiRice, name;" which was disagreed to-yeas 15, nays Schenck, Stiliwellie, Trowbridge, Burt Vanh lion, Robert T. Van-IornWarner, WilliamB. Washburn., Voodbridge-53. 19, aS f ow: NAYs —Messrs. Alley, Allison, Ames,. Ancona, BDelos RI.:' YEAs-Messrs. Anthony, Cragin, Edmuuds, Fessonden, FosAshley, James M. Astiley, Baker,Baldwin,B1arker,. Baxter, ter tiarris, Kirkwpod, Morrill, Poland, Pomeroy, Sherman, Beamamu, Benjamin, Bes.en, Bidwei,' Binglian, Blalme, Bout- Trumbull well Ber,roos BroomallBundy rGrk obbWad, Willeye Vry, WCmsbin. w611,Bo Bi1roomall, ~ Bundy, 0~lari, Co-bb, NANYs —--— iNessrs. Brown, Buclcalew, Conness, Davis, Grimes, Cook, Cullom, Dawson, Demison Donnelly, Eldeidge, Eliot,. Gtr Gztthrye, Hendricks, Howard, i[0e, Morgan, Norton, Nye, Farnsworth, airquhar; iinck, Garfield,.Glossbrenner. Good- lRamsey, Sprague, Stewart, Sumner, Van Winkle, Wilson, I/ear, Grider, Grinnell, Aaroa Hardig,A Abner C. llarding, Y Lte-.L Higby, Hill, IHogan, Holmes, iAsahel W..Hubbard, Chester D. hubbard, Demase lhubbard,jr.,:JohnH..Hlubbard, Eedwi'Mr. Willey offered this substitute for the bill: N..loubbell, Janes LM. lumphrrey, IneeQsoll,Johnson, Jones, l Julian, Kelel y, Kelso,; Kerro, e JBord, Loan, Lynch, ar- In all elections to be held hereafter in the Maldt, Marston, McClurg.; ic'7etogei, M6Kee,Meorcur, N.[or- Dis'trit of. Columbia, the following described rill, Moulton, Nblack, Nicholson, Noeli, Orth, Paine, Patter- persons, and those only, shall have the right to on,-Poerham, Phelps, Pomeroy, Price, Radrd, Samel fit i h who J.re Randall, William I. Randiall, John H Rice, itter, Rogers, vote, namely: first, a ose rsons R1olins, B1goss, Sawyer Scofield ShanlcligijSholiabargen, fit- actually,residents Qf said Distict: and qualified 116' POLITICAL MANUIAL. to vote therein at the elections held therein in James F. Wilson, Stephen F. Wilson, Windom, Woodthe year 1865, under the statutes then in force; ri -104. second, all persons residents of said District who February 8-The bill passed-yeas 112, nays have been duly mustered into the military or 29; the latter all Democrats, except Messrs. naval service of the United States during the Driggs and Lathan. late rebellion, and have been or shall hereafter The bill as finally passed provided that until be honorably discharged therefrom; third, male January 1, 1867, any person applying for the citizens of-the United States who shall have at- benefit of the act shall swear " that he has not tained the age of twenty-one years, (excepting borne arms against the United States, or givea paupers, persons nonz; comnpotes menrt:is, or con- aid andcomfort to its enemies" victed of an infamous offence,) and who, being residents of the ward or district in which they Habeas Corpus. shall offer to vote, shall have resided-in said IN HousE. Distrirt for the period of one year next preced arch.-The bill to amen anact entitled ing any election, and who shall have paid the March20-Th baill to amre nd an act entitl taxes assessed against them, and who can read,ing to h e corus and re ulatand vwho can write their narmes. ing judicial proceedings in certain cases, approved March 3, 1863, was passed-yeas 113, No further vote has been taken up to date of nays 31, as follow: putting this page to press. YiEA —Messrs. Alley, Allison, Ames. Anderson, Delos R. Ashley, James I. Asliley, Baker, Baldlxin, Banks, Barker, Wtie^^st ~ ~TVir ~^~ni:^d El Baxter, Beamnan, Bidwell, Binghamn, Blaine, Blow, Boutwocll, West Virginia Bill. BtwlBem Bi lknin eader W. Clarke, B orTiiwell, Broomlsl, Biuckl mn(l, Bundy, ealer V. Cl;Lrke February 6, 1866-Trhe IOUSE passed a joint Conlklin, Cook, ullom, Dlanro, Damnin,, Dixon, riggs,.resolution giving the consent of Congress to the Du not, E gleeton, Eliot, Farnsworth, 5aruhIlar. Ferry, resolution giving the consent of Congress to the Garfield. Grinnell, Abner 0. HardiniLr, aIrt, Hayes, Ilendertransfer of Berkeley and Jefferson counties to son, llill, Ilolmes, looper, Asahel W. I-iubbard, Chester D.. West Virginia-yeas 112, nays 241; (the latter IHlubbLard, Demas lubbardjr., John II. llibbard,. James R. all D imocratexcept Mr.s B'aker.) The -nA r Hubbell, Iulburd, Ingersoll, Jenckes, Kasson, Kelley, Kelso, all DPmocrats.except Mir. Baker.) The SENATE Ketcham, Kuykeindall Laflui, L'tll-im Geor-eOV. Larence, passed it, Marc' ( —yeas 32, nays 5. —Mr. John w- William Lawrence, Loan, Lynch, Marston, Iarvin, McClurg, son,.of Maryland, voted aye; the other Demo M, Mn ill-er, ooill oris a,,Vo te d nay. theotetoh, 5iyers, Newell Noell. O'Neill, Orth, Paine, Perham, crats, voting, voted nay. Phelps, Pike, Pltnts, Price, xWillitm 1. Randll, iRaymsond, Joli I1. Rice, Rollinls, Rousseal, iSwyer, Sicofield, Shella-.. ~;g. tl~b)arger, Sloan, Smitl, Stevens, Stillwell, Th'yer, Trowbridge, Extending tho Homesteead Act. Upson, Van Aerriain, Burt Van I-Iorn, llobertt'. Van ilorn, IN HousE. Walrd, Warner, Ellilln B. Waslhburne, Willsiam B. WashINH~OUSE.:burn, Welker, Wentworth, Whaley, Williams, James F. February 7, 1866-A bill providing that all Wilon, Windom, JWooobridge13.' N:ts —YSIessrs. Ancona, B'rgqn, Boyer, Brooks, Cianler, the public lands in Alabama, Mississippi, Louis- Noio., Dtewso Eldrid, GL.g ren Boye Grideroo, Clale, s P sjcslth, Diwson.cEldse hcrc/c Glaszeoienir Gr Uder, flale, Aaiana, Arkansas, and Florida, shall be disposed rona Icurdisn7, tr~gan, Edi'o Nn N ell, fes M. rub,-, of according to the stipulations of the home- phrey, Jos, Kerr, Le Blozd, arcslitll, Mccullou'h, icholson, Samuel J. Randall, Ritter, R'qers, Ross, Sitgcreaves, stead law of 1862, no entry to be made for more oSous el, Iber R', trn tons, Tribitlea,.nfid SMO rouse, Taber, T/erenton, TrimbIle, Wesnfteld —31. than eighty acres, and no discrimination to be made on account of race or color, and the mln- EATE eral lands to be reserved, was considered. April 20-The bill passed-yeas 30, nays 4, Mr. Taber moved to add this proviso: as follow: And provided, also, That nothing in this act YEAS-BMessrs. Anthony, Chandler, Clark,' Couness, Crashall be so construed as to preclude such persons cil, Doolittle, E.imnulad, oster, llendaeroln, lovwtrd, IHwe, Jw:inson, Kirkwood. L,~eofInliana, Horg-n, Norton, Nye, as have been or shall be pardoned by the Presi- Jo cono o, iirkoer oe. Iny, Sprg Inae, Stw;or't, Snlioel, NTrm dent of the United States for their participation bull, Van Winkle, Wade, Willey, Wiliamis, Vilson, Yatesin the recent rebellion from the benefit of this 30' NAYs —3essrs Buckalew, Guth'ie, Hendricks, Saulsbury act. Which was disagreed to-yeas 37,,ays 101, as follow: No Denial of the Elective Franchise on Account YEAS-Messrs. Delos R. Ashley, Bergen, Boyer,Brooks, of Color Buckland, Chlanler, Eldrid.7e, FJsck, Glossbrenner,'irider, Aaron IHtrding; tI.!/aen, Chester D. llubbard, Eiw inV. IN. BusE. Hu5bell, James AlL Hltsmphrey, Kerr, Latlhal, Le Bln7sd,- Mar/shall. MACullou7 h, McRuer, NiVblack, Nicholsoo, NVioell 1866, May 15-Pending the bill to amend the Phelps3,Ritter, Rogers, Ross, Sianiklin, Si/greuves, Strouse, organic acts of the territories of Nebraska, ColTaber, Taylor, Th'eyer, Thornton, Triuble, SVoe,h ees-37. ordo D ot, Montna, shi ton, Idaho crado, Dakota, Montana, Washington, Idaho, NAY'SMiess's. Alley, Allison, Ames, James I. Ashley, Baker, Baldwdin, Bainks, Barker, Baxter, Beaulan, Benj:min, Arizona, Utah, and New Mexico, of whilh this Bidwell, Biungham, Blaine, — low, Britwell, Branlegee, is the ninth section: Broriwell, LnlL, Bunl, ntReiadelr Iw. x arler, SiMney " That within the territories aforesaid there Clarke, Cobb, Conkling, Cook, Cullom, Darling, Davis, Dawes, Defiees, Delmiig, Donneily, Driggs, Eckley, Egles- shall be no denial of the elective franchiso to tonEltt, Farnsworth, Falrquhar, Ferry, Garfield, l[ale, citizens of the United States because of race or Abieotch irdin, asu rd, iJoys, alib. H irill, hLosp'r, color, and all persons shall be equal before the Motchuiiss, Demam iliisbubbijr., John Ift tiubbeid. In ersoll Jenckes, Julian, Kasson, Kelley, Kelso, lKuyklendall, L;fiil, law. And all acts or parts of acts, either of George V. Lawrence, Wilianm Lawrence, Longyear, Lynch, Congress or the legislative assemblies of the terMarston, arvin, McOlurg, M[clndoe, 3lercar, Miller, Moor- it-or in Marston,;xlarvin \ldlcClulrg, ^sdoe Nelvel ilo Ol- ritories aforesaid, inconsistent with the probead, Morris, Moulton, Myers, Newell, O'Neill, Oiith, Paine, Patterson,Perham, Price; William II. Rndall, Alex- visions of this act are hereby declared null and ander It. Rice, John }I. Rice, R)llins, Sawtyer, Schnclck, void." Sloa.n, -Smith, Sp,lding, Starr, Stevens, Tr wbridge, Upson,n Van Aernam, purt lding, tilr u,'tared, Ees iohrs u BU n Mr. Le Blond moved to strike it out, which was Washburi e WilliaB. asn, WA aer, tworth, disagreed to-yea 3, nEys 7, olloBw: rashu nse, Williamn B. Washburn, Walker, XVentworth, disagreed to-yea's 36, nay;3 76, as follow: POLITICAL AND MILITARY MISCELLANEOUS. 117 YEAS- Messrs. Ancona, Delos R.'Ashley, Bergen, Boyer, Jenckes, Julian, Kelley, Kelso, William Lawrence, Loan, Chaler, Dawsn,, Denison, Eldridge, FinSc, Glossbrpe.ner, Loneyear, Lynch, Marston, MJcClurg, McRuer, Meircur,.oodyear, Grider, A-aron Hr-ding, Chester D. Hlubbard, Miller, loorhead, Morrill, Orth. Paine, Patterson, Perham, Edwin. 1 Hul-l )bes, Kc'rr. Kuyklendall, Latlim, Le Blond, Pike, Plants, Price. Itollins,.Sawyer, Spaldingr, Thayer, AMarchall, Niblac/, i.icholson, Phelps, William H. Raldall, Frarcis Thomas, Van Aerna:m,,Burt Van Horn, Ward,'arRitter, Rogers, Ross, I.lusseau, SaiSnoklin, Sitgrieaves, Strouse, ner, Ellihu B. Wasllburr:e, William B. Washburn, Welker, Taber, Tylor, Trim7)7e,X WhIl ey, Wighrt —36. Williams, James'F. Wilson, Stephen F. Wilson, WinNAYS —Messrs. Allison, Ans, AnAnderson, James 3. Ash- dom-76. ley, Baker, Baldwin, Banks, xt Boxter, ine, B out'- Te bill t n well, Brandegee, Broomall, kidney Clake, Cook, Cullom, then passed-yeas 79, nays 43. Darling, Davis, Dawes, Dening, Donnelly, Dumnont, Eggles- IN SENATE ton, Farnsworth, Ferry, G.;rfi(eld, Gri:swold, HIart, Hatyes, td~n, Iarnaworth, Perry( Q~ihdd Gri~noli, fart, yes, June 29 The bill was considered but not Higby, Holmes, Hooper,I-ot hlkiis, Asahel W. lubbard, De- considered bu mas Hubbard, John H. Uubbard, Hulburd, Ingersoll, voted on. POLITICAL AND MILITARY MISCELLANEOUS. Union National Platform, June, 1864. defence of their country and in vindication of Resolved, That it is the high.est duty of every the honor of its flag; that the nation owes to American. citizen to mlaintain against all their them some permanent recognition of their patrienemies the integrity of the Union and the par- otism and their valor, and ample and permanent amount authority of the Constitution and laws provision for those of their survivors who have of the United States; and that, laying aside all received disabling and honorable wounds in the differences of political opinions, we pledge our- service of the country; and that the memories selves, as Union men, anima.ted by a common of those who have fallen in its defence shall be sentient and aiming at a common object, to.do held in grateful and. everlasting remembrance. everytliing in our power to aid the Government Resolved, That we. approve and applaud the in quelling by force of arms the Rebellion now practical wisdomt the unselfish patriotism, and raging against its authority, and in bringing to the unswerving fidelity to the Constitution and the punishment due to their crimes the Rebels the principles of, American Liberty, with which and traitors arrayed against it.. Abraham'Lincoln has discharged, under circumResolved, That we approve the determination stances of unparalleled difficulty, the great duties of the Government of the United States not to and responsibilities of the Presidential office; compromise with Rebels, or to offer them any that we approve and endorse, as demanded by terms ofpeace, except such as may be based upon the emergency and essential to the preservation an unconditional surrender of their hostility and of the nation and as within the provisions of a return to their just allegiance to the Constitu- the Constitution, the measures and acts which tion and laws of the United States, and that we lie has adopted to defend the nation against its call upon the Government to maintain this posi- open and secret foes; that we approve, especialtion, and to prosecute the war with the utinost ly, the Proclamation of Emancipation, and the possible vigor to -the complete suppression of the employment as Union soldiers of men heretofore Rebellion, in full reliance upon the self-sacrifi- held in slavery; and that we have full confiningpatriotism, the heroic valor, and the undying dence in his determination to carry these and devotion of the American people to the country all other Constitutional measures essential to the and its free institutions. salvation of the country into full and complete Resolved, That as Slavery was the cause, and effect. -now constitutes the strength of this Rebellion, Resolved, That we deem it essential to the and as it must be, always and everywhere, hos- general welfare that harmony should prevail'ii tile to the principles of Republican Government, the National.Councils, and we.regard as worthy justice, aind the National safety demand its utter of public confidence and official trust those obly and complete extirpation from the soil of the Re- who cordially endorse the principles proclaimed public; and that, while we uphold and nfaintain in these resolutions, and which should characthe acts and proclamations-by which the Govern- terize the administration of the Government. ment, in its own defence, has aimed a death-blow Resolved, That the Government owes to all at this gigantic evil, we are in favor, further- men employed in its armies,,without regard to more, of such an amendment to the Constitution, distinction of color, the full protection of the to be made by the piople in conformity with its'laws of war; and that any violation of these prlovisions, as shall terminate and forever pro- laws, or of the usages of civilized nations in hibit the existence of Slavery witlin the limits time of war, by the Rebels:now in arms, should or'the jurisdiction of the United States. be made the subject of prompt and full redress Resolved, That the thanks of the Amnerican Resolved, That foreign immigration, which in people are due to -the soldiers.nd:sailors of the thepast has added so much to the wealth, develArmy and Navy, who have periled their lives in opment of' resources, and increase of power -to Na~~~~~~~~~lvys i........ntof 118 POLITICAL MANUAL. this nation-the asylum of the oppressed of all American ditizens int States where civil law, exnations-should be fostered and encouraged by a ists in full: f'oice; the suppression of freedom of liberal and just policy. speech and of the press; the denial of the right RLesolved That we are in favor of the speedy of asylum; the open and avowed disregard of construction of the Railroad to the Pacific coast. State rights'; the employment of unusual testResolved, That the National faith, pledged for oaths, and the interference with arid denial of the redemption of the public debt, must be kept the right of the people to bear arms in their deinviolate, and that for this' purpose we recom- fence, is calculated to prevent a restoration of mend economy and rigid responsibility in the the Union:and the perpetuation of a government public expenditures, and a vigorous and just deriving its just powers from the consent of the' system of taxation; and that it is the duty of goveined.' every loyal State to sustain the credit and pro- Resolved, That the shameful disregard of the mote the use of the National currency. Administration to its duty in respect to our felResolved, That we approve the position taken low-citizens who now are, and long have been, by the Government that the people of the United prisoners of war in a sufnering condition, deStates can never regard with indifference the serves the severest reprobation, on the score attempt of.any European Power to overthrow alike of public policy and common humanity. by force or to supplant by fraud the institutions Resolved, That the sympathy of the Demoof any Republican Government on the Western cratic party is heartily and earnestly extended Continent; and that they will view with ex- to the soldiery of our army and sailors of our treme jealousy, as menacing to the peace and:navy, who are. and have been in the field and independence of their own country, the efforts on the-sea, under the flag of their country; and, of any such power to obtain new footholds for in the event of its attaining powei, they will Monarchical Governments, sustained by foreign receive all the care, protection, and regard that military force, in near proximity to the United tile brave soldiers and sailors-of the Republic States- have so nobly earned. Democratic National Platform, August, 1834. Call for a -ational Union Convention, 1866. Resolved, That in the future; as in the past, A National Union Convention, of at least two we will adhere with unswerving fidelity to the delegates from each congressional district of all, Union under the -Constitution as the only solid the States, two from each Territory, two from tie foundation of our strength, security and' happi- District of Columbia, and four delegates at large neRs'as a people, and as aframework of govern- from each State, will be heldat the city of Philament equally conducive to the welfare and pros- delphia, on the second'Tuesday (14th) of August perity of all the States, both northern. and next. southern, Such delegates will be chosen by the electors of Resolved, That this convention-does explicitly the several States who sustain the Administration declare, as the sense of the American people, in maintaining unbroken the Unionof the States that' after four years of failure to restore the under the Constitution which our fathers esthbUnion by the experiment of war, during which, lished, and who agree in. the following proposiiunder the pretence of a military necessity, or tions, viz: wair power higher than the Contitution, the The Union of the States is, in every-case, inConstitution itself has been disregarded in every dissoluble, and is perpetual; and'the Const'itupart, and public libeirty and private right alike tion of the United States, and the laws passed by trodden down and. the material prosperity of Congress in pursuance thereof, supreme, and con-:the' country essentially impaired —justice, hu- stlnt, and universal in their obligation;:inanity, liberty and the public welfa.re demand The rights, the dignity, and the equality of the that immediate effortsh be made for a cessation of States in the Union, including the right of rephostilities, with a view to an ultimate conven- resentation in Congress, are solemnly guaranteed tion of the States, or other.peaceable' means, to by that Constitution, to save which from overthe end that at the earliest practicable moment throw so much blood' and treasure were expended peace may-be restored'on.the basis of the, Fed- in the late civil war; eral Union of the States. There is no right anywhere to dissolve the Resolved, That the direct interference of- the Union or toseparate States from the Union, either military authorities of the United States in the by voluntary withdrawal, by force of arms, or recent elections held in Kentucky, Maryland, by Congressional action neither by the secession Missouri, and Delaware, was s; shameful viola- of the States, nor by thy exclusion of their loyal tion of the Constitution; and a repetition of and qualified representatives, nor by the National such acts in the approaching election will be Government in any other form; held as revolutionary, and resisted with all the Slavery is abolished, and neither can,nor ought menaniR and power under our control, to be, re-established in any State or Territory Resolved, That the aim and objectof the Dem- within'our jurisdiction; o'cratic party is to preserve the Federal Union Each State has the undoubted right to preaxhid tvhe rights of the States unimpaired; and scribe the'qualifications of.its own electors, and they hereby declare that they consider that the no external power-rightfully can, or ought to, administrative usurpation of extraordinary and dictate, control, or influence the free and volundaingerous powers not granted'by the constitu- tary action of the States in the exercise of that tion; the subversion of thecivil' by military law right; in States not in insurrqction; the arbitrarymili- The maintenence inviolate of the rights of the.^ry arrest, imprisonment, trial and sentence of States, and especially of the right of each State POLITICAL AND MILITI.ARY MSCELLANEOUS. 119. to order' amnd controle its- o'wn domestic concerns- Address of; Demooratic Cougaresrssmeao 1-6. according to its own judgment exclusively, sub- To the People of the UnitedStates: ject only to the Constitution-of the United States, is essential to that balance of power on which Dngers treaten. The Const the perfectio and enduanceof our o i citadel of our liberties —is directly assailed. The thfbric deper on and the overthw of o political ss future is dark, unless the people will come to the -fabric depend, and the overthrow of that system by the usurpation and centralization of power in ofperilNationalUnionshou In this hour of peril National: Union should Congress would be a revolution, dangerous to re- wathword of every true man. publican government and destructive of liberty; e the wtc Natinal Union we mustmainAs essential to National Union we mustimain-. -ach H.ouse of Congress-is made by the Con- *ach.Hiuse of Go1* ngres ad~e~by the~ 1 r tain unimpaired the rights, the dignity, and the stitution the sole judge of the elections, returns, a ts, includinthe i ht o and.qualificationsof its members; butheexclu- o t oes, nc d the li sion of loyal Senators and nepresentatives prop-he exlusive right of each State to control its own dlomesticerly chosen. and qualified undQer the Constitution concerns, subject only to the Constitution of the and laws, is unjust and revolutionary-;. iSttEvery patriot should frown upoIl all those United States. Every patriot slould frown upon all those After a uniform. construction of the Constituactsand proceedings everywhere, which can serve tion for more than half a century, the assumpno other purpose than to rekindle the an.imosities tion of new and arbitrary powers in the Federal of war, and the effect of which upon our moral, Government is subversive of our system and desocial, and material interests at home, and upon s e of bert our standing abroad diffaring -only in de',ee is siractive of lbertv. our standing abroad, diffring only in degr, A free interchange of opinion and kind feeling il'Urmous h ke war itself;.. inpjrious like war itself. - between the citizens of all the States is necessary The.purpose of the war having been, to pre- to the perpetuitv of the Union. At present serve the Union and the Constitution by putting eve exclded fom te national down' th e reelin; and the reelin. ving elevenl States: are excluded from tlhe national down the rebellion, and the rebellion having council For seven longmonths the present. -.,.acouncl. For seven long. nonths the present been suppressed, all resistance to the authori:ty oness has persistent denied any right of of the General Government being at an end, Sta and. the: war having ceased, war measuresshould epresentation to the people of these States. cese, d should be followed by measur es Laws, affecting their higlest and dearest interalso cease andrl should; be followed by measures hve ben passed Wihut their consent, xj J 2 ests h1ave been passed w i nlout their consent, of peaceful administration, so.. that union- ha-r- and se the fnd ntl princi eof and in disregard- of the fundamental principle-of,o-nT, and concordc may be encouraged and,,: in:ony, and concord may be encouraged, a free government. This denial of representation dustry, commerce, and the arts of peace revived m frm a State, has been made to all the membersfrom a State, anad promoted; and the ea;rly restorat.ion of-. all. and promoted; and the early restoration of all although the State in the languageof the Presithe.:States to the exercise of their constitutional d ents it in n at.te of pow.ers, in the national Government is- indis-een it, t o n an ttiie ensably necessary to the: strength and the d- loyalty and harmony, but in the personls of. repfence of the Republic, and o the e' resentatives whose loyalty cannot be questioned feeo the Ret*public,'ant under any existing constitutional or legal test." of the public Credit; e e t o -' of5 the1public G'edit 1 i _ The representatives of nearly one-third of the, All such electors in the thirty-six States and Sateshave not been consulted with reference to nine Territories of the United States, and in the qet ons te Ther has been District of Columbia, who, in a spirit of patriot- the gat questions of the present C ess. no nationality surrounding the present Congress. ism. and love for the Union, can rise above per- as no inrours the rereona and sect l cs ad w* There has been no intercourse between- the repre-,onal and sectional considerations, and wvho. WI si and see ttional considerations, and who n * sentatives of the two sections, producing mutual deire to see a truly National Unlio.O ConlVention:, dheire ho see hal trulyr reset lh Stat d T confidence and respect. In the language of the which shall represent all the States and TerriP'-T - a'i''n ei distinguished lieutenant general tories of: the Union, assemble, as friends and tores of the Uion, assemble, as frieds and It is to be regretted that, at this time, there brothers, under the national flag, to hold coun- cannot e a greter commingling between t cannot be a greater commingling between the sel together upon the state of the Union, and. to of th two sections, and parularl Po; \? ffitizens of the two sectnions, and arnicularly take measures -to avert possible danger from the of thse intrusted with the law-making power. same, are specially requested to take part in the state o should be removed at choice of such delegates. once and f o. once and forever. But no delegate will take a seat in such con-, Therefore to preserve tle National Union, to vention who does not loyally accept the national venti whodoes not loyally accept the national vindicate the sufficiency of our admirable Consituation and cordially enorse the principles stitution, to guard the States from covert atabove set forth, and Who is not attached, in true t deprive them o their true position i tempts to deprive them of their true position in llegiance, to the ostitution, th e Union, aio nd to bring together those whlo are tim (0overnment of.the United States. the (Government of thJ e United States. unnaturally severed, and for these great national WAsIrN I-Tb~i, June 25, 1866.,WASEIKGTO, June, A 1866. purposes only, we cordially approve the call for A. W. RANDALL, a National Union Convention, to be held at the -.President. city of Philadelphia, on the second Tuesday J.. -OOLITTLE, -(14th) of August next, and endorse the princiO. H. BROWNING,, ples therein set forth. EDGAR COWAN, ^We, therefore, respectfully, but earnestly, CH-ARLES KNAP, CHARLES KNAP, urge upon our fellow-citizens in each State and SAMUEb' FOWLER, Territory and congressional district in the UniEecutive Committee National Union lub. ted States, in the interest' of Union and in a We recommend the holding of the above con- spirit of harmony, and with direct reference to vention, and endorse the call therefor. the principles contained in said call, to act t)ANIEL.S. NORTON, JA.MES DIXON, promptlr in the selection of wise, moderate, and J,.W. NESsaMTla, T. A. HIENDEIOiS9, conservative men to represent them in said Con 120 POLITICAL MANUAL. vention, to the end that all the States shall at the Confederate States army known as the Army once be restored to their practical relations to'of Northern Virginia. the Union, the Constitution be maintained, and Very respectfully, your obedient servant; peace bless the whole country. U.S. GR(.aT, Lie,,t. (en., Y. lE. Nibla~clk, Reverdy Johns1qon, Commnanding Armies of the (Uiited States. AntI!ony Thornton, Thos. A. Hendricks, Michael C. Kerr, Wm. Wright,,'. G; S. Shainklin, - James Gnthiie, GNGENERAL: I have received your note of this Garrett Davis, J. A. McDougall, date. Though not entirely of the opinlion you H. Grider, Wm Radfortd express of the hopelessness of the further resistThorma. E. Noell, S. S. Marshall, nce on the part of the Army of Nort.hern Vir Samuel J. Randall, Myer Strouse, ginia, I reciprocate your desire to avoid a useless Lewis W. Ross, has. Sitgreaves, effusion of blood, and therefore before considering Stephen Tahber, S. E Ancona, 7your proposition I ask the'terms you will offer J. MI. Humphrey, E. N. Hubbell, on condition of its surrender. John Hogan, B. C. Ritter, R. E. LEE, General. B. M. Boyer, A. Hardcing. To Lieut. Gen. GRANT, Commanding Armies.of Teunis G. Bergen, A.- J. Glossbtenner, the Uited States. Chas. Goodyear, E. R. V. Wright, Ch:s.,H. Winfield, A. J. Rogers, APIL 8, 1865. A. H.'Coffroth, H. MoGllough, General R. E. LEE, Commanding C S..A.: Lovell 11. Rousseau, F.. Le Blond, GENERAL: Your note of last evening. in reply Philip Johnson, W. E. Finck, to mine of same date, asking conditions on which Chas. A. Eldridge, L. S. Trimble, I will acceptthe surrender of the Army of NorthJohn L. Dawson. ern Virginia, is just received. TWAS:3:INGTOs, July 4, 1866. In reply I ~ounld say that peace being my first desire, there is but one condition I insist upon, viz: That thenmen surrendered shall be disqua1The Elections of 1866. ifiedfor taking up arms again against the GovernNEWHAPs -Smyth, Union, 350 ment of the'United States, until properly exWlair, Democra.syth, U, 330,1 176 changed. I will meet you, ordesignate officers alair, Democrat, 30,176. CoNNETcvIcuT-Hawley, Union, 43;974; Eng- to meet any officers you. may name, for the same lish, Dernocrat, 43,433. - purpose, a.t any point agreeable to'you, for the 0RHnOD IsLAND -RBu nside, Union; 8,197. purpose of arranging definitely the terms upon Pierce, Democrat 2816. which the surrender of the Army of Northern Pierce; Dem'ocrat,'2816. O ood, Union, 327 majorit Virginia Will be received. At thie special election, in CousoouaT2, in the mVery respectfully, your obedient servant, At the special election in CONNECTICUT, in the 7 ^ 7 /r U. S. GRANT, Lieut. Gen., fall of 1865, on suffrage, the vote stood: Comandited ate For colored suffragel 27,217; against, 33,489.omandngthe Uted tat majority against, 6,272. In WEST VIRGINIA, a vote was taken in May, APRIL 8, 1865. on ratifying this constitutional ariendment: GENERAL: I received, at alate hour, your note " No person who, since the 1st day of June, of to-day, in answer to mine of yesterday. I 1861, has given or shall give voluntary aid or did not intend to propose the surrender of the assistance to the rebellioni against the United Army of Northern Virginia, but to ask the terms States, shall be a citizen of this State, or be al- of yourproposition. To be frank, I do not think lowed to vote at any election held therein, un- the emergency has arisen to call for the surrenless;he lias volunteered into the military or naval der of this army; but as the restoration of peace service of the United States, and has been or should be the sole object of all, I desire toknow ~shall be honorably discharged therefrom." whether your proposal would tend to that end. The majority in its favor is bib22. I oannot, therefore, meet you with a view to In the Territory of NEBRASKA, a vote was surrender the Army of Northern Virginia; but taken, with this result: For the proposed State as fr as your proposition may affect the Confedconstitution, 3,938; against it, 3,838. GConress- erate States forces under my command, and tend Marquette, Union, 4,110; Brooke, Democrat, 3,- to the restoration of peace, I should be pleased 974. Governor-Butler, Union, 4,093; Morton, to meet you at 10 A. M. to-morrow, on the old Demoicrat, 3,948. stage road to Richmond, between the picket lines of the two armies: Very respectfully, your obedient servant, Correspondencebetween General Grant and Gen- R. E. LEE, General, C. S. A. eral Lee. To. Lieut. Gen. U. S. GRANT, Commanding APRIL 7, 1865. Armies T. S. A. Gen. R. E. LEE, Commanding C. S. A.: GENERAL: The result of the last week must APRIL 9. convince you of the hopelessness of further re- General R. E. LEE, Comnmandinq C. S. A.: sistance on the part of the Army of Northern (OENERAL: Your note of yesterday is received. Virginia in this struggle. I feel that it is so, As I have no authoiity to treat on the subject of and regard it as my duty to shift from myself the peace, the meeting proposed for 10 A. M-. to-day responsibility, of anyfurther effusionof blood, by could lead to no good. I will state, however, asking of you the surrender of that portion of General, that I ain equally anxious for pea.ce POLITICAL MILITARY MISCELLANEOUS. 121 with yourself, and the whole North entertain the HEADQ'RS ARMY OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA, same feeliun. Apll 9, 1865. The terms upon which peace can be had are Lieut. Gen. U. S. GRANT, Com'g U. S. Armies: well understood. By the South laying down GENERAL: I have received your letter of this their arms they will hasten that most desirable date containing the terms of surrender of the event, save thousands of human lives, and hun- Army of Northern Virginia, as proposed by dreds of millions of property not yet destroyed. you. As they are substantially the same as Sincerely hoping that all our difficulties may be those expressed in your letter of the Sth instant, settled without the loss of another life,.I sub- they are accepted. I will proceed to'designate ~scribe myself, very respectfully, your obedient the proper officer to carry the stipulations into servant, effect. U. S. GRANT, Lieut. Gen. U. S. A. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, R. E. LEE, General. APRIL 9, 1865. The other Rebel armies subsequently surrenGENERAL: I received your note of this norn- dered on substantially the same terms. ing on the picket line, whither I had come to meet you and ascertain definitely what terms Agreement between Generals Sherman and were.embraced in your proposition of yesterday with reference to the surrender of this army. I Memorandum, or Basis of Agreement, made this now request an interview in accordance with the 18tl day of April, A. D. 1860, near Durham's offer contained in your letter of yesterday for Station, in the State of North Carolina, by that'purpose. and between General Jdseph E. Johnston, Very resp.ectfully, your obedient servant, commanding Confederate army, and Major R. E. LEE, General. General William T. Sherman, coniimanding To Lieut.'Gen. GRANT, Com'g U. S. Armies. Army of the United States, both being present: 1. The contending armies now in the field to APRIL 9. maintain the status quo, until notice is given by General R. E. LEE, Commandinsg a S. A.: the commanding general of any one to its oppo*General * X. -E. LEnent, and reasonable time, say forty-eight hours, Your note of this date is but this moment allowed.. (11.50 A. M.) received, in consequence of my 2. The Confederate armies now in existence to having passed from the Lynchburg road to the be disbanded and conducted to their several Farmville and Lynchburg road. I am at this State capitals, therein to deposit their arms and writing aboutfour miles west of Walter's Church, public property in the State arsenal, and each and will push forward to the. front for the pur- offiber and man to execute and filean agreement pose of meeting you. to cease from acts of war, and to abide the action Notice sent to me on this road where you of both State and Federal authorities. The' wish the interview to take place, will.meet me. number of arms and munitions of war to be Very respectfully, your obedient servant, reported to the Chief of Ordnance at Washing-' U. S. GTRANT, Lieut. Gen., ton city, subject to the future action of the ConCommancding Armies of United States. gress of the United States, and in the meantime to be used solely to maintain peace and order APPOMATX. Aril, within the borders of the States respectively. PPOMATTOX. H., Aril 9, 1865. 3. The recognition by the Executive of the General 1. E. LrEE, Cosimandcing C. S. A.: United States of the several State governments, In accordancewith the substance of my letter on their officers and legislatures ta-king the oath to you of the 8th instant, I propose to receive prescibed by the Constitution of the United the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia States; and where conflicting State governments on the following terms, to wit: have resulted from the war, the legitimacy of all Rolls of all the officers and men to be made in shall be submitted to the Supreme Court of the duplicate, one copy to be given to an officer United States. designated by me, the other to be retained by 4. The re-establishment of the Federal Courts puch officer or officers as you may designate. in the several States, with powers as defined by The officers to give their individual paroles the Constitution and laws of Congress. not to take arms against the Government of the 5.!The people and inhabitants of all these United States until properly exchanged, and States to be guaranteed, so far as the Executive each company or regimental commander sign a can, their political rights and franchise, as well like parole for the men of their commands. The as their rights of person and property, as defined arms, artillery, and public property to be parked by the Constitution of the United States, and of and stacked, and turned over to the officers ap- the States respectively. pointed by me to receive them. This will not 6. The Executive authority of the Governembrace the side-arms of officers, nor their pri- ment of the United States not to disturb any of vate horses or baggage the people by reason of the late war, so long as This done, each officer and man will be al- they live in peace and quiet, and abstain from lowed to return to their homes, not to be dis- acts of armed hostility, and obey the laws in turbed by United States authority so long as existence at the place of their residence. they observe their parole and the laws in force 7. In general terms, the war to cease, a genwhere they may reside. eral amnesty, so far as the Executive of the Very respectfully, United States can command, on the condition of U. S. GRANT, LieLt. Gen. the disbandment of the Confederate armies, dis 122 POLITICAL MAiNUAL. tribution of arnms and the resumptio'n of peace- It is: reported that this proceeding of General able pursuits by the officers and men hitherto Sherman was disapproved for. the following, composing such- armies. Not being, fully em- among other, reasons: powered by our respective principals to fulfil 1. It was an exercise of authority not vestedthese terms, we individually and officially pledge in General Sherman, and on its face shows that ourselves to promptly obtain an answer thereto, both he and Johnston knew that; General Sherand to carry out the above programme. man had no authority to enter into any such; W. T. SEERMAN, arrangement.'faj. Gon., Commanding Air-ry U. S. i -.. C. 2. It was a practical acknowledgment of thae J. E. JOIITSTOx, rebel government. General, Commanding C. S. A. in N. 0. 3. It undertook to re-establish the rebel State governments that had been overthrown at the The. following official dispatch to the Asso- sacrifice of many thousand loyal lives and imciated Press gives the particulars' of its disap- mense treasure, and placed the arms and muniproval, and the supposed reasons therefor: tions of war in the hands of the rebels at their WAsnTO, April 22.-Ye rg restpective capitals, which migh be used as soon as the armies: of the United States were dis. bearer of despatche's arrived from General Sher- as theariesof the United States were dis. man. An agreement for a suspension of hos- bande andusedtoconquer and subdue the tilities, and a' memorandum of what is called a loyal States. baBis for peace, had been entered into on the 4' By the restoration of rebel authority in 18th inrste, by Generlerl Sh irm n h the rebel their respective States they would be enabled General Johnston, the rebel General Breckin- to re-establish slavery. ridge being present at thle conference. 5. It might furnish a ground of responsibility ACabinet meeting washeld at o'clockin the by the Federal Government to pay the rebel evening, at which the action, of:' General her- debt, and certainly subjects the loyal citizens:of evenina at whise the aesctiondof:-eneral thermanw was disapproved by the President, the Sec- ^rebel States to debt contracted by rebels in'the retary do War, by General Grant, and by every State. meimbler of the Calbineit.. 6 It would put in dispute the existence of menaber of the Cabinet.' General Sherman was orderied to resume hos- loyal State governments, and the new State of tilities immediately, and he was directed tha:t WestVirginia,which ha been recognized by the instructions given by the late President, in every departent of the United States Governthe following telegram, which was pen'ned' by ment. Mr. Lincoln himself, at the Capitol, onthenit 7. It practicaly abolished the confiscation of the 3d of March, were approved by President laws, and relieved the rebels, of every degree, Andrew Johnson, and were reiterated to govern who had slangtere our people, from all pai the action of military commanders.. and penalties for their crimes.'h-0 act of military8; Imt gaavee terms that had been deliberately, On the night of the 3d of March, while Presi- term t ad be deliate dent. Lincoln and his Cabinet were at: the Capi- epeatedly, and solemnly rejcted by Presiden tol a teleramm from General Grant was broulght Lincoln, a-nd better terms than the rebels. had to the Secretary of War, informing him tlat ever asked in their most prosperous condition. General Lee had requested- an interview or con- 9. It formed no basis.of true and lasting.ference: to make- an arrangement for terms of peace, but relieved the rebels from the pressure peace.' Theletter otGeneral Lee was published of our victories, and left them in condition to peace. The le-ter of General Lee w-as publi'shed in a message. of Davis to the rebel Gongress. renew their efforts' to overthrow the United General Grant's telegram was submitted to Mr. StatesGovernment andsubduetheloyal State Lincoln, who, after pondering- a few minutes, whenever their strengtli was recruited and any took up.1 his pen and wrote with his own hand opportunity should offer. the following, reply, which he submitted to the General Grant's Ordors. Secretary of State and Secretary of War. It was then dated, addressed, and signed by the Secre- [General Orders, No. 3.] tary of War, and telegraphed to General Grant: WAR. DEPARTMENT, WASHInrlnTo, March 3;, 1866, 12 P. M.-Lieu-' ADJUTAN IT GENERAL'S OFFICE, tenant General Grant: The President directs me WASHINGTON, January L2, 1866; to say to. you that he wishes you to have no TO PROTECT PERSONS AGAINST IMPROPER CIVIL conference with General Lee, unless it be for thel SUITS AND PENALTIES IN LATE REBELLIOUS capitulation of General Lee's army, or on some. STATES'. miLnor-and purely military matter. le instructs Military division and department commanders, me to say that you are not to decide, discuss, or whose commands embrace or are composed of confer upon any political question. Such quesS- any of'the late rebellious States; and who have tions the President holds in his own hands, and not already done so, will at once issue and enwill submit them to no military conferences or force orders protecting from prosecution or eonventions. Meantime, yod are to press to the suits in.the S:ate,'or niunicipal courts of such utmost your military advantages. State, all officers and soldiers of the armies of EDWIN AM. STANTON, the United St;ates, and all persons thereto atS&eretary of War. tachled, or in anywise thereto belonging, subject After the Cabinet meetiig last night, General to military authority, charged' with'offences for Gtaint started for North Carolina to direct opera- acts done in their militaiy capacity, or purtiions against Johnston's army.' suant to orders from proper military authority; E:iE-IN M. STANTON;, and to protect from suit or prosecution all loyal Secretary- of WFa. -citizens, or persons charged with offences done. POLITICAL AND MILITARY MISCELLANEOUS. 123 against the rebel forces, directly or indirectly, Resolved, That the thanks of the Democracy of Pennsylvania be tendered 9 the Hon. Charles R. Buckalew and during the existence of the rebellion and alvania be tendered'ta the Ion. Charles it. Buckalew and ngle existence ote reeio, a Hon. Edgar Cowan, for their patriotic support of the Presipersons, their agents and employ6s, charged with dent's restoration policy: and that such thanks are due to the occupancy of abandoned lands or plantations all the democratic members of Congress for their advocacy or the possession or custody of any kind of oftherestoration policy of PresidentJohnson. property whatever, who occupied, used, possessed, or controlled the same pursuant to the Union Convention of Pennsylvania, March 7. order of the President, or any of the civil or 2. That the most imperative duty of the present is to' military department, of the Government, and to gather the legitimate fruits of the war, in order that our military departments of the ernment and to Constitution may come out of the rebellion purified, our protect them from any penalties or damages institutions strengthened, and our national life prolonged. that may have been or may be pronounced or 3 That failure in these grave duties would be scarcely'adjdged in said courts in any of such cases; less criminal than would have been an acquiescence in adjudged in said courts in any of such cases; ceise cession and in the treasonable machinations of the conand also protecting colored persons from prose- spirators, and would be an insult to every soldier who took cutions in any of said States charged with of- up arms to save the country. f9~~ J I T 4. That filled with- admiration at the patriotic devotion fences for which white persons are not prosecuted and fearless coutrge with which Andrew Johnson resisted or punished in the same manner and degree. and denounced the efforts of the rebels to overthrow the By command of Lieutenant General Grant: National Government, Pennsylvania rejoiced to express her y TcP TOWNE-ND, entire confidence in his character and principles, and appreE. T. TOWN SEND, ciation of his noble conduct, by bestowing her suffrage upon Assistant Acjutant General. hin for the second position in honor and dignity in the country. His bold and outspoken denunciation of the crime of treason, his firm demands for the punishment of the SUPPRESSION OF DISLOYAL NEWSPAPERS. guilty offenders, and his expressions of thorough sympathy with the friends of the Union, secured for him the warmest HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF UNITED STATES, attachment of her people, who, remembering his great serWAASHINIXTON, Feb. 17, 1866. vices and sacrifices, while traitors and their sympathizera You will please send to these headquarters as alike denounced hispatriotic action, appeal to him to stand ou will please ese firmly by the side, and to repose upon the support, of the soon as practicable, and from time to time there- loyal masses, whose votes formed the foundation of his pro-'after, such copies of newspapers published in motion, and who pledge to him their unswerving support in your department as contnain sentiments of dis- all measures by which treason shall be stigmatized, loyalty your department as contain sent ments of ai- recognized, and the freedom, stability, and unity of the Naloyalty and hostility to the Governmept in any tional Union restored. of its branches, and state whether such paper is 5. That the work of restoring the late insurrectionary habitual in its utterance of su.ch senti^ments States to their proper relations to the Union necessarily devolves upon the law-making power, and that until such The persistent publication of articles calculated action shall be taken no State lately in insurrection is entito keep up a hostility of feeling between the tied to representation in either branch of Congress; that, ~people of differentt sections of thne country can- as preliminary to such actioni it is the right of Congress to f dfferent setn f te nt investigate for itself the condition of the legislation of those not be tolerated. This information is called for States, to inquire respecting their loyalty, and to prescribe with a view to their suppression, which will be the terms of restoration, and that to deny this necessary done frosu these headquarters only. constitutional power is to deny and imperil one of the one fro these headquartes o. dearest rights belonging to our representative form of govBy order of Lieutenant General Grant: ernment, and that we cordially approve of the action of the T. S. BOWERS Union representatives in Congress from Pennsylvania on Assistant Adjutant Genzeral. this subject. 6. That no nlan who has voluntarily engaged in the late -.. rebellion, or has held office under the rebel organization, Demonoratic Convientionn of Peann, Ma^rtc1h 6, 1866. should be allowed to sit in the Congress of the Union, and emooratic Convention of Penn., ach5, 1866. that the law known as the test oath should not be repealed, The Democracy of Pennsylvania, in Convention met, rec- but should be enforced against all claimants for seats in ognizing a crisis in' the affairs of the Republic, and esteem- Congress. ing the immediate restoration of the Union.paramount to 7. That the national faith is sacredly pledged to the payall other issues, do resolve: ment of the national debt incurred in the war to save the 1. That the States, whereof the people were lately in country and to suppress rebellion, and that the people will rebellion, are integral parts of the Union and are entitled not suffer this faith to be violated or impaired; but all debts to representation in Congress by men duly elected who bear incurred to support the rebellion were unlawful, void, and true faith to the Constitution and laws, and in order to of no obligation, and shall never be assumed by the United vindicate the maxim that taxation without representation States, nor shall any State be permitted to pay any eviis tyranny, such representatives should be forthwith ad- deuces of so vile and wicked engagements. mitted. 15. That in this crisis of public aff.tirs, full of grateful 2. That the faith of the Republic is pledged to the pay- recollections of his marvellous and memorable services on ment of the national debt, and Congress should pass all the field of battle, we turn to the example of unfalteering laws necessary for that purpose. and uncompromising loyalty of Lieutenant General Grant 3. That we owe obedience to the Constitution of the with a confidence not less significant and unshaken, because United States, (including the amendment prohibiting sla- at no period of our great struggle has his proud name been very), and under its provisions will accord to those emanci- associated with a doubtful patriotism, or used for sinister pated all their rights of person and property. purposes by the enemies of our common country. 4. That each State has the exclusive right to regulate 17. That the Hon. Edgar Cowan, Senator from Pennsylthe qualifications of its own electors. vamnia, by his course in the Senate of the United States, has 5. Thatthe white race alone is entitled to the control of disappointed the hopes and forfeited the confidence of those the Government of the Republic, and we are unwilling to to whom he owes his place, and that he is hereby most grant the negroes the right to vote. earnestly requested to resign. 6. That the bold enunciation of the principles of the The following resolution was offered as a substitute for Constitution and the policy of restoration contained in the the fourth resolution, but after some discussion was withrecent annual message and Freedmen's Bureau veto mes- drawn: sage of President Johnson entitle him to the confidence and support of all who respect the Constitution and love their That, relying on the well-tried loyalty and devotion of country. Andrew Johnson to the cause of the UnionI in the dark 7. That thie nation owes to the brave men of our armies days of treason and rebellion, and remembering his patriotic and navy a debt of lasting gratitude for their heroic services conduct, services, and sufferings, which ir times past enin defence of the Constitution and the Union; and that dead hs name to the Union party; and now reposing while we cherish with a tender affection the memories of full confidlence in his ability, integrity, and patriotism, we the fallen, we pledge to their widows and orphans the the hope ad confidence that the policy of his Adtion's care and opotection.;n ministration will be so shaped and conducted as to save the 8. That we urge upon Congress the duty of equalizing from the perils which still surround it. the bounties of our soldiers and sailors. The fourth resolution was then adopted-yeas 109, The following was also adopted: nays 21. 124 POLITICAL MANUAL. General Grant's Order for the Protection of Cit- the. citizen must be left to the States alone, and under such izens. THE regulations as the respective States choose voluntarily to prescribe." HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY, We have seen this doctrine of State sovereignty carried ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE, out in its practical results until all authority in Congress WASHINGTON, July 6, 1866. was denied, the Union temporarily destroyed, the constitu[General Orders, No. 44.] tional rights of the citizen of the South nearly annihilated, Department, district, and post commanders in the States and the land desolated by civil war. lately in rebellion are hereby directed to arrest all persons The time has come when the restructure of Southern who have been or may hereafter be charged with the corn- State government must be laid on constitutional principles, mission of crimes and offences against officers, agents, citi- or the despotism, grown up under an atrocious leadership, zens, and inhabitants of the United States, irrespective of be permitted to remain. We know of no other plan than color, in cases where the civil authorities have. failed, neg- that Congress, under its constitutional powers, shall now lected, or are unable to arrest and bring such parties to exercise its authority to establish the principle whereby trial, and to detain them in military confinement until such protection is made coextensive with citizenship. time as a proper judicial tribunal may be ready and willing We maintain that no State, either by its organic law or to try them. legislation can make transgression on the rights of the A strict and prompt enforcement of this order is required. citizen legitimate. We demand and ask you to concur in By command of Lieutenant General Grant: demanding protection to every citizen of the great Republic E. D. TOWNSEND,, on the basis of equality before the law; and further, that Assistant Adjutant General. no State government should be recognized as legitimate under the Constitution in so far as it does not by its organic law make impartial protection full and complete. Unconditional Union Convention of Maryland, ~ Under the doctrine of'.' State sovereignty," with rebels in June 6, 1866. the foreground, controlling Southern legislatures, and embittered by disappointment in their schemes to destroy the Resolved, That the registered loyal voters of Maryland Union, there will be no safety for tiheloyal element of the will listen to no propositions to repeal or modify the regis- South. Our reliance for protection is now on Congress, and try law, which was enacted in conformity with the provis-, the great Union party that has stood and is standing by our ions of the constitution,. and must remain in full force until nationality, by the constitutional rights of the citizen, and such time as the registered voters of the State shall decree by the beneficent principles of the government. that the organic law shall be changed. For the purpose of bringing the loyal Unionists of the 2. That the loyal people of the State are "the legitimate South into conjunctive action with the true friends of re~gardians and depositaries of its power," and that the dis- publican government in the North, we invite you to send loyal "have no just right to complain of the hardships of a delegates in goodly numbers from all the Southern States, law which they have themselves deliberately provoked." including Missouri, Kentucky, West Virginiia, Maryland, 3. That it is the opinion of this convention, that if dis- and Delaware, to meet at Independence Hall, in the city of loyal persons should be registered, it will be the duty of- Philadelphia, on the first Monday of September next. It judges of election to administer the oath prescribed by the is proposed that we should meet at that time to recommend constitution to'all whose loyalty may be challenged, and, iii measures for the establishment of such government in the the language of the constitution, to "carefully exclude freom South as accords with and protects the rights of all citizens. voting" all that are disqualified. We trust this call will be responded to by numerous deleThat we cordially endorse the reconstruction policy of galltions of such as represent the true loyalty of the South. Congress, which excludes the leaders of the rebellion from Tha~t kind of government which gives full protection to all all offices of profit or trust under the National Government, rights of the citizen, such as our fathers intended, we claim and places the basis of representation on the only just and as our birthright. Either the lovers of constitutional libhonest principle, and that a white man in Virginia or South erty must rule the nation or rebels and their sympathizers Carolina should have just as much representative power, be permitted to misrule it. Shall loyalty or disloyalty have and no more, than a white man in Pennsylvania or Ohio. the keeping of the destinies of the nation? Let the re5. That the question of negro suffrage is not an issue in spouses to this call which is now in circulation for signatures, the State of Maryland, but is raised by the enemies of the and is being numerously signed, answer. Notice is given, Union party for the purpose of dividing and distracting it, that gentlemen at a distance can have their names attached and by this means to ultimately ednable rebels to vote. to it by sending a request by letter directed to D. W. Bing6. That we are pledged to the maintenance of the pres- ham, Esq., of Washington, D. C. ent. constitution of Maryland, which expressly and emphatically prohibits beth rebel suffrage and negro suffrage, nnessee................W., and we are equally determined to uphold the registry law, J S. Fwe which disfranchises rebels and excludes negroes from voting, JAMEs GETTS-. and have no desire or intention of rescinding or abolishing Gexas. J. PASCHAL, either the constitution or the registry lawv. G"e W PAscuAL, 7. That we watln the Union men of Maryland "that no C. B. S HWIN. Union man, high or low, should court the favor of traitors, Georgi................... W. A N, as they can never win it-from the first they have held him IHENRy G. COLE as their enemy, and to the last they will be his; and thatJ. W. MCL they should eschew petty rivalries, frivolous jealousies, JOHN ss...... KELO, and self-seeking cabals; so shall they save themselves fall- J. F. BENJAMIN, ing one by one, an unpitied sacrifice, in a contemptible G. W. ANDERSON. struggle." Virginia...............JOHN B. TROTH, The vote upon the adoption of each resolution was unani- V... STET, mnous, with the exception of the sixth resolution, upon. N BERRLE, which a division was called, and the result showed 54 yeas. IIRMOEY, to 14 nays. ALLEN C. HARMON, to 14 nays. LEWIS McKENZIE, The resolutions were then read' as a whole, and adopted unanimously as the utterance of the Convention. JO. UND OO, JOHN C. UNDERWOOD, BURNHAM WARDWELL, Convention of Southern Unionists. ALEX. M. DAVIS. TO THE LOYAL UNIONISTS OF THE SOUTH: North Carolina BRON LFL DANIEL R. GOODLOE. The great issue is upon us The majority in Congress, Alabama....e............GEORGE REESE, and its supporters, firmly declare that " the rights of the D. II. BINOHAM, citizen enumerated in the Constitution, and established by M. R. SAFFOLD, the supreme law, must be maintained inviolate." J. H. LAROOMBE, Rebels and rebel sympathizers assert that "the rights of WASHINGTON, Jldy 4, 1866. XIII.-Interesting Figures chiefly from the Census of 1860, bearing on Representation. ^ ~ ~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. - White I f [ I to whole ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~According C u.ep..resenta-. Colored Ap.po.tion- Based on Acc 4ordin Ac White Free. ae Aggrega teWp oer Mae Maeet un- three fifths t STATE:A slaves. 13 tive op'O. Alesggver Vote~of drCesg e Pp-na-t, to White Population. Colored. opula!tion. over 2atiose.s20.us SlavePae Pplation.20 of 1860. ulation. Color:ed. ufirage. Oldifornis...... 4.........036'.........3......................, 0,06...........9....... 1,7 951 13.7195 04:6,442 2,73 103399 1..............3 7 Indiana'' 1.......... 1.8.10 11,423......... 130428 1 50,4'8 316.C04 2,565 272,143 11.........10 11 Iowa..091.......16 0.........6..............................,77 1,0106297................... 913 4601 10 5 2091 12,1 4............... 6 Kasnsas l.b ".......................... 1 90 625 2 107,206 167.206 31.037'149................. 1............... 1 1 M ne................................................. 79 2 3 2 9, 9 8............. 5 6 Massnachusetts1...........1.......................0........... 1,,32 92.............. 1.231,0:6 1.31,066 33,08 2,512 2(791435 10............... 9 12 Michigan19............................................ 7,6................. 6749,117911 20441, 918 1542433 6............... 6 7 Mlinesots......3 1720 6......,7599 2. 2 2 aswlnampshre...................................3 9, 1,42 3 1 149 65. 9 3..............3 3 New e..................................................... 66. 99 2 18 18,705,'02 16441 6,291 11, 5 5..............' 5 6 Nsew York.................................................... 3, 30 1,0 12 67516 31............... 29 35 Ohio........................................................... 30,88 3,7................. 9,511 2 9511 562.901 8770 4441 19.....18 19 Oregons5'11a 45 5451........................ 1.18.6 5 14. 1 1................. 1 1 Minsoa19. 29...............10...'I 2. 010720 107.2,0 ]23 1.3:9.......... P annsivaa.................................. 2'47,2 69..............29.16 13,631 47642. 222 24 ir........... 39,J.1 19 6.9-........... Rhode slande.................................................. 10,649 395,"0 1s 442,023 1 0 0 4 5 139 1 2 2................ 12 Vermont....4............402......................................... 314.69 4'09.... 35098 -31508 0. 87,402 194 42.1-4 3 3............... 29 Orneso a...................1 1Wisconsi..............................................9...... 3,03 11,71 881 581 199154 353 154 6 537 0............... _______ ___. - _______ ___~__ ___ ~ _______ ~ ____ ~ ~ ~~ 18633776 _25.89 20 18907753 18,883997 4.94472 57.497 3, 147 171. eAlahama.................... 526 1 2690 42508O 9650 6 7'200'19 118659 93,458 906,3 6 112 7 4 Arkansasn.................................................... 311,13 145 111.115 4 59 3300 3063 25.04 540.3 3.. 3 Delaware............................. 90.5 19829 1.98 112,t1 111,96 99499 4,679 1.............1 1 loridao........................................................ 1,7087 92 63,75 10,494 115.726 186874 1 8,315 14471 I............... 1 1 Georgia....... 5.0.50 46'198 10572,46 8 02,46 132,479 97,170 106365 7 2 8 5 Kentuncy....910... 391984 10 684 2259,83 115.:84 2,065,490 217.8SS 50,442. 1464,26 9 1 9.. 8 oisana......................................................33126 800 5 1 10199 101814 5 2 6 4 eMarylandt08 871..9 0....................9 35.................. 5098 352,373 1231 58,039 9250 5............... Mississippi...................................................... 353,F99'773 436,331 791,305 616.65" 6838 113,8:28 69.120 5 92 6 Missouri............................... 1,063,489.-3,5-7 111,935 138",012 1,136,039 268 62 21,872 165,518 9 1 9 9 North Carolina................................................ 69,942 30403 3310'9 962 80 19 143443 74.356 4631 2 8 5.Souih Carolina....9 0 9 8 06 73............................... 2130 924 0.708 542715- 68 4 87.781 5,00 42512 Tennessee......................... 83024,72 6,0 2450.419 1102001 9951.3 1 89.4.- 56,770 1453 8197 Texasa.............................4........................0....,91 3 1, 3 1 09612 8,79 1606 4.1 5 4 Virginia*........................................................ 4 8.32.617 3 "1 11,44 " 8,4 50 6 831 l, 687 1233 15047 "9,3 1 2 12 9 G;Flo~~or-~~ida'll~8......................03 770015 7.50.7 3490251 1.50993 IO.CO,08 1.9,379 97 5 1.263 1894 707 21 K.Grand Total....................................... 6690,44 46.6 9.U5l 11 -9,5500-8 688.517 1 2, 4.66 1.8 231 2 9 Gerian......................................................... ID 4lO ~0 2 5 5'1 0,9 MRepresentative Ratio................................. ______2591................ 8.....7,.... 9,................... 9.. 1............................................................. O;2 i 6 I2 9 6 5 Misor.................................. 1.6..49...2..... 9 I 1 8 80~_39 -_' 1551 Louth 10is1 00......................................................35 95918 331,726,703,000 5 75,311 171, 81 o. 51O 4 2 2 * Nevada-admitted since, with one Representative making whole numbhet, at present, 242. West Virginia treated since, with three Representatives leaving Virginia 8, instead of 11 allowed in 1860. A' Including Asia~tics.'Estimated.V Mayid....................................................... 51;1 [ 8..2 71968,4 65,.3 1-,7 4 803 2502 49 Mississippi~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,33,0' 7,,95051 1.-1.-_03 10COS1'.2 3,DC0] 5 I.....2 56 341 2350,f 9 773 L4230%379135. 4662 8 1 13,:8 Grindsotal...........................................23..... 1 06,479 4,3:G,5'I7'2 21,93 1~,82, 02 16,16,039 268.16 21A7 1 1%rt-h Carolina.....................................:.......... 629942 [ 30,4C3 331,059 9'-.'2 6'2 860,197 143,4433746356:7.63147 2 2 R e r s n a i e R to..........................................................................!".0........ ~, 0 29 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~......................................................................... *Nvaaadite inewihon epeenatv-mkngwol ume, tprsnt 22 W s Vrinacraedsncwih heeRp-s~ttve-eaig igiia8intadof1 llwd a180 Including0AsiaticI Estimated. 126 POLITICAL MANUAL. Voles in the U. S. HTouse of Representatives on the Various Tariffs. Tariff of Tariff of Tariff of Tariff of Tariff of Tariff o1 Tariff of Tariff of Tariff of Tr - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Bill of 1816. 1824. 1S28. 1832. 1842. 1846. 1857. 1861. 1864. Dl STATES. _ __ __ ^ > a ^. a ^~ r lC ^ iS - ca ^ N t a - SoN So. So>> v 5 ca U5r i r r' Z y^ A'7 a) i (a rt