fF \ II V I-: iI,, i0'A i v> DICTIONARY OF THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS, CONTAINING BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF ITS MEMBERS FROM THE FOUNDATION OF THE GOVERNMENT; WITH AN APPENDIX, COMPILED AS A MANUAL OF REFERENCE FOR THI] LEGISLATOR AND STATESMAN. BY CHARLES LANMAN. PUBLISHED FOR THE AUTHOR, BY J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO. PIHIL1ADELP3IA. 1859. Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1858, by CHARLES LANMAN, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the District of Columbia. INTRODUCTION. POLITICAL laws, wisely framed, have made the United States powerful and wealthy to a degree unexampled in modern times; and I have thought that a book of facts, recording the public services of our National law-makers, would be a deserved tribute to them, and, at the same time, be generally useful. The record has been made in each case as correct and concise as possible. Of many men more might have been written, but that was not deemed expedient in a work of this kind; and where not enough has been said, the fault must be attributed to the indifference of the persons mostly interested, or to the neglect of their friends. Not being a politician it -has given me but little trouble to be impartial. My leading object has been to prepare a kind of labor-saving machine for the benefit of all those who feel an interest in the political history and future prosperity of the Republic; and in the Appendix I have endeavored to bring together from the Government Archives a mass of legislative and executive information calculated to be of service to members of Congress while engaged in their public duties. Thus far had I progressed with this Introduction; and while hesitating as to its continuation, it was my good fortune to be present in the United States Senate, when that body formally changed its place of meeting. All the proceedings on this occasion were highly interesting, and a few. remarks offered by the Hon. John J. Crittenden-the oldest member of the Senate-were truly affecting. After he had resumed his seat, an address was delivered by the Vice-President of the United States, at the previous request of the 4 INTRODUCTION. Senate. The propriety of sketching, as he did, a history of the meeting-places of the Federal Congress, struck me with great force. I saw, moreover, that just such an account as he had given to the Senate, would enhance the value of my work, as one.of reference, and my next thought was to request the use of it in this place. My appeal and its results were as follows:GEORGETOWN, D. C., January 4, 1859. HON. JOHN C. BRECKINRIDGE, VICE-PRESIDENT, &C. DEAR SIR: —It was my privilege to hear your address to the Senate, commemorating the departure of that body from its old chamber to the new wing of the Capitol. It contained many particulars of great interest both to the statesmen of the country and the public at large. The pathos and lofty tone of your words were in keeping with the impressive character of your facts, and I cannot but believe that, from this day forward, the honor and importance of being a Senator or Representative in the American Congress, will be more fully appreciated than ever before. I was especially impressed by your address, as connected with that extensive brotherhood of men, whose public services I have endeavored to chronicle in my Dictionary of Congress, now going through the press. I have ventured, therefore, to request it as a personal favor, that you will permit me to print your eloquent and patriotic remarks in the Introduction to my new publication. I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, CHARLES LANMAN. WASHINGTON CITY, January 5, 1859. DEAR SIR:-In answer to your letter of yesterday's date, asking my consent to the publication, in the Introduction to your Dictionary of Congress, of my remarks on the occasion of the Senate's removal from the old chamber, I have to thank you for the terms in which you have been pleased to speak of them, and to say that I have no objection to your appropriating the whole or any part. And I am, Yours respectfully, JOHN C. BRECKINRIDGE. CHARLES LANMAN, ESQ., Georgetown, D. C. INTRODUCTION. 5 THE ADDRESS. SENATORS:-I have been charged by the committee to whom you confided the arrangements of this day with the duty of expresing some of the reflections that naturally occur in taking final leave of a chamber which has so long been occupied by the Senate. In the progress of our country and the growth of the representation, this room has become too contracted for the representatives of the States now existing and soon to exist; and accordingly you are about to exchange it for a hall affording accommodations adequate to the present and the future. The occasion suggests many interesting reminiscences; and it may be agreeable, in the first place, to occupy a few minutes with a short account of the various places at which Congress has assembled, of the struggles which preceded the permanent location of the seat of government, and of the circumstances under which it was finally established on the banks of the Potomac. The Congress of the Revolution was sometimes a fugitive, holding its sessions, as the chances of war required, at Philadelphia, Baltimore, Lancaster, Annapolis, and York-town. During the period between the conclusion of peace and the commencement of the present Government, it met at Princeton, Annapolis, Trenton, and New York. After the idea of a permanent Union had been executed in part by the adoption of the Articles of Confederation, the question presented itself of fixing' a seat of government, and this immediately called forth intense interest and rivalry. That the place should be central, having regard to the population and territory of the Confederacy, was the only point common to the contending parties. Propositions of all kinds were offered, debated and rejected, sometimes with intemperate warmth. At length, on the 7th of October, 1783, the Congress being at Princeton, whither they had been driven from Philadelphia by the insults of a body of armed men, it was resolved that a building for the use of Congress be erected near the falls of the Delaware. This was soon after modified by requiring suitable, buildings to be also erected near the falls of the Potomac, that the residence of Congress might alternate between those places. But the question was not allowed to rest, and at length, after frequent and warm debates. it was resolved that the residence of Congress should continue at one place; and commissioners were appointed with full power to lay out a district for a Federal 6 INTR OD UC TIO N. town near the falls of the Delaware; and in the mean time Congress assembled alternately at Trenton and Annapolis; but the representatives of other States were unremitting in exertions for their respective localities. On the 23d of December, 1784, it was resolved to remove to the City of New York, and to remain there until the building on thb Delaware should be completed; and accordingly, on the 11th of January, 1785, the Congress met at New York, where they continued to hold their sessions until the Confederation gave place to the Constitution. The commissioners to lay out a town on the Delaware reported their proceedings to Congress, but no further steps were taken to carry the resolution into effect. When the bonds of union were drawn closer by the organization of the new Government under the Constitution, on the 3d of March, 1789, the subject was revived and discussed with greater warmth than before.* It was conceded, on all sides, that the residence of Congress should continue at one place, and the prospect of stability in the Government invested the question with a deeper interest. Some members proposed New York, as being "superior to any place they knew for the orderly and decent behavior of its inhabitants." To this it was answered that it was not desirable that the political capital should be in a commercial metropolis. Others ridiculed the idea of building palaces in the woods. Mr. Gerry, of Massachusetts, thought it highly unreasonable to fix the seat of government in such a position as to have nine States of the thirteen to the northward of the place; while the South Carolinians objected to Philadelphia on account of the number of Quakers, who, they said, continually annoyed the Southern members with schemes of emancipation. In the midst of these disputes the House of Representatives resolved "that the permanent seat of government ought to be at some convenient place on the banks of the Susquehanna." On the introduction of a bill to give effect to this resolution, much feeling was exhibited, especially by the Southern members. Mr. Madison thought if the proceeding of that day had been foreseen by Virginia, that State might not have become a party to the Constitution. The question was allowed by every member to be a matter of great importance. Mr. Scott said the future tranquillity and well-being of the United States depended as much on this as on any question that had ever or could come before Congress; and Mr. Fisher Ames remarked that every principle of pride and honor, and even of patriotism, were engaged. For a time any agreement appeared to be impossible; but the good genius of our system finally prevailed, and on the 28th of June, 1790, an act was passed containing the following clause:"That a district of territory on the River Potomac, at some place between the mouths of the Eastern Branch and the Connogocheague, be and the same is hereby accepted for the permanent seat of the Government of the United States." The same act provided that Congress should hold its sessions at Philadelphia until the first Monday in November, 1800, when the Government should remove to the district selected on the Potomac. Thus was settled a question which had produced much sectional feeling between the States. But all difficulties * For a table of data, in this connection, see Appendix. —C. L. INTRODUCTION. 7 were not yet surmounted; for Congress, either from indifference or the want of money, failed to make adequate appropriations for the erection of public buildings, and the commissioners were often reduced to great straits to maintain the progress of the work. Finding it impossible to borrow money in Europe or to obtain it from Congress, Washington, in December, 1796, made a personal appeal to the Legislature of Maryland, which was responded to by an advance of $100,000; but in so deplorable a condition was the credit of the Federal Government, that the State required, as a guarantee of payment, the pledge of the private credit of the commissioners. From the beginning Washington had advocated the present seat of government. Its establishment here was due, in a large measure, to his influence; it was his wisdom and prudence that composed disputes and settled conflicting titles; and it was chiefly through his personal influence that the funds were provided to prepare the buildings for the reception of the President and Congress. The wings of the Capitol having been sufficiently prepared, the Government removed to this District on the 17th of November, 1800; or, as Mr. Wolcott expressed it, left the comforts of Philadelphia "to go to the Indian place, with the long name, in the woods, on the Potomac." I will not pause to describe the appearance, at that day, of the place where the city was to be. Cotemporary accounts represent it as desolate in the extreme, with its long unopened avenues and streets, its deep morasses, and its vast area covered with trees instead of houses. It is enough to say that Washington projected the whole plan upon a scale of centuries, and that time enough remains to fill the measure of his great conception. The Senate continued to occupy the north wing, and the House of Representatives the south wing of the Capitol, until the 24th of August, 1814, when the British army entered the city and burnt the public buildings. This occurred during the recess, and the President immediately convened the Congress. Both Houses met in a brick building known as Blodget's Hotel, which occupied a part of the square now covered by the General Post-office. But the accommodations in that house being quite insufficient, a number of public-spirited citizens erected a more commodious building on Capitol Hill, and tendered it to Congress; the offer was accepted, and both Houses continued to occupy it until the wings of the new Capitol were completed. This building yet stands on the street opposite to the northeastern corner of the Capitol Square, and has since been occasionally occupied by persons employed in different branches of the public service. On the 6th of December, 1819, the Senate assembled for the first time in this chamber, which has been the theatre of their deliberations for more than thirtynine years, and now that the strifes and uncertainties of the past are finished, we see around us on every side the proofs of stability and improvement. This Capitol is worthy of the Republic; noble public buildings meet the view on every hand; treasures of science and the arts begin to accumulate. As this flourishing city enlarges, it testifies to the wisdom and foresight that dictated the plan of it. Future generations will not be disturbed with questions concerning the centre of population, or of territory, since the steamboat, the railroad, and the telegraph have made communication almost instantaneous. The spot is sa 8 INTRODUCTION. cred by a thousand memories, which are so many pledges that the City of Washington, founded by him, and bearing his revered name, with its beautiful site, bounded by picturesque eminences, and the broad Potomac, and lying within view of his home and tomb, shall remain forever the political capital of the United States. It would be interesting to note the gradual changes which have occurred in the practical working of the Government since the adoption of the Constitution; and it may be appropriate to this occasion to remark one of the most striking of them. At the origin of the Government the Senate seemed to be regarded chiefly as an Executive council. The President often visited the chamber and conferred personally with this body; most of its business was transacted with closed doors, and it took comparatively'little part in the legislative debates. The rising and vigorous intellects of the country sought the arena of the ITouse of Representatives as the appropriate theatre for the display of their powers. Mr. Madison observed, on some occasion, that being a young man, and desiring to increase his reputation, he could not afford to enter the Senate; and it will be remembered that, so late as 1812, the great debates which preceded the war and aroused the country to the assertion of its rights, took place in the other branch of Congress. To such an extent was. the idea of seclusion carried, that, when this chamber was completed, no seats were prepared for the accommodation of the public; and it was not until many years afterwards that the semicircular gallery was erected, which admits the people to be witnesses of your proceedings. But now, the Senate, besides its peculiar relations to the Executive department of the Government, assumes its full share of duty as a coequal branch of the Legislature; indeed, from the limited number of its members and for other obvious reasons, the most important questions, especially of foreign policy, are apt to pass first under discussion in this body, and to be a member of it is justly regarded as one of the highest honors which can be conferred on an American statesman. It is scarcely necessary to point out the causes of this change, or to say that it is a concession both to the importance and the individuality of the States, and to the free and open character of the Government. In connection with this easy but thorough transition, it is worthy of remark, that it has been effected without a charge from any quarter that the Senate has transcended its constitutional sphere-a tribute at once to the moderation of the Senate, and another proof to thoughtful men of the comprehensive wisdom with which the framers of the Constitution secured essential principles without inconveniently embarrassing the action of the Government. The progress of this popular movement, in one aspect of it, has been steady and marked. At the origin of the Government no arrangements in the Senate were made for spectators; in this chamber about one-third of the space is allotted to the public; and in the new apartment the galleries cover two-thirds of its area. In all free countries the admission of the people to witness legislative proceedings is an essential element of public confidence; and it is not to be anticipated that this wholesome principle will ever be abused by the substitution of partial and interested demonstrations for the expression of a matured and enlightened public opinion. Yet it should never be forgotten that not France, INTRODUCTION. 9 but the turbulent spectators within the hall, awed and controlled the French Assembly. With this lesson and its consequences before us, the time will never come when the deliberations of the Senate shall be swayed by the blandishments or the thunders of the galleries. It is impossible to disconnect from an occasion like this a crowd of reflections on our own past history, and of speculations on the future. The most meagre account of the Senate involves a summary of the progress of our country. From year to year you have seen your representation enlarge; time and again you have proudly welcomed a new sister into the Confederacy; and the occurrences of this day are a material and impressive proof of the growth and prosperity of the United States. Three periods in the history of the Senate mark, in striking contrast, three epochs in the history of the Union. On the 3d of March, 1789, when the Government was organized under the Constitution, the Senate was composed of the representatives of eleven States, containing three million people. On the 6th of December, 1819, when the Senate met for the first time in this room, it was composed of the representatives of twenty-one States, containing nine million people. To-day it is composed of the representatives of thirty-two States, containing more than twenty-eight million people, prosperous, happy, and still devoted to constitutional liberty. Let these great facts speak for themselves to all the world. The career of the United States cannot be measured by that of any other people of whom history gives account; and the mind is almost appalled at the contemplation of the prodigious force which has marked their progress. Sixtynine years ago, thirteen States, containing three millions of inhabitants, burdened with debt and exhausted by the long war of Independence, established for their common good a free Constitution, on principles new to mankind, and began their experiment with the good wishes of a few doubting friends and the derision of the world. Look at the result to-day; twenty-eight millions of people, in every way happier than an equal number in any other part of the globe; the centre of population and political power descending the western slopes of the Alleghany mountains, and the original thirteen States forming but the eastern margin on the map of our vast possessions! See, besides Christianity, civilization, and the arts given to a continent, the despised Colonies grown into a Power of the first class, representing and protecting ideas that involve the progress of the human race; a commerce greater than that of any \other nation; every variety of climate, soil, and production, to make a people powerful and happy; free interchange between the States; in a word, behold present greatness, and, in the future, an empire to which the ancient mistress of the world in the height of her glory could not be compared. Such is our country; ay, and more-far more than my mind could conceive or my tongue could utter. Is there an American who regrets the past? Is there one who will deride his country's laws, pervert her Constitution, or alienate her people? If there be such a man; let his memory descend to posterity laden with the execrations of all mankind. So happy is the political and social condition of the United States, and so 10 INTRODUCTION. accustomed are we to the secure enjoyment of a freedom elsewhere unknown, that we are apt to undervalue the treasures we possess, and to lose, in some degree, the sense of obligation to our forefathers. But when the strifes of faction shake the Government and even threaten it, we may pause with advantage long enough to remember that we are reaping the reward of other men's labors. This liberty we inherit; this admirable Constitution, which has survived peace and war, prosperity and adversity; this double scheme of Government, State and Federal, so peculiar and so little understood by other Powers, yet which protects the earnings of industry, and makes the largest personal freedom compatible with public order; these great results were not acquired without wisdom and toil and blood. The touching and heroic record is before the world; but to all this we were born, and, like heirs upon whom has been cast a great inheritance, have only the high duty to preserve, to extend, and to adorn it. The grand productions of the era in which the foundations of this Government were laid reveal the deep sense its founders had of their obligations to the whole family of man. Let us never forget that the responsibilities imposed on this generation are by so much the greater than those which rested on our revolutionary ancestors, as the population, extent, and power of our country surpass the dawning promise of its origin. It would be a pleasing task to pursue many trains of thought not wholly foreign to this occasion, but the temptation to enter the wide field must be vigorously curbed; yet I may be pardoned perhaps for one or two additional reflections. The Senate is assembled for the last time in this chamber. Henceforth itf will be converted to other uses; yet it must remain forever connected with great events, and sacred to the memories of the departed orators and statesmen who here engaged in high debates and shaped the policy of their country. Hereafter the American and the stranger, as they wander through the Capitol, will turn with instinctive reverence to view the spot on which so many and great materials have accumulated for history. They will recall the images of the great and the good, whose renown is the common property of the Union; and chiefly, perhaps, they will linger around the seats once occupied by the mighty three, whose names and fame, associated in life, death has not been able to sever; illustrious men, who in their generation sometimes divided, sometimes led, and sometimes resisted public opinion-for they were of that higher class of statesmen who seek the right and follow their convictions. There sat Calhoun, the Senator, inflexible, austere, oppressed but not overwhelmed by his deep sense of the importance of his public functions; seeking the truth, then fearlessly following it; a man whose unsparing intellect compelled all his emotions to harmonize with the deductions of his vigorous logic, and whose noble countenance habitually wore the expression of one engaged in the performance of high public duties. This was Webster's seat. He, too, was even such a Senator. Conscious of his own vast powers, he reposed with confidence on himself; and scorning the contrivances of smaller men, he stood among his peers all the greater for the simple dignity of his Senatorial demeanor. Type of his Northern home, he rises before the imagination, in the grand and granite outline of his form and intel INTRODUCT ION. 11 lect, like a great New England rock repelling a New England wave. As a writer, his productions will be cherished by statesmen and scholars while the English tongue is spoken; as a Senatorial orator, his great efforts are historically associated with this chamber, whose very air seems yet to vibrate beneath the stroke of his deep tones and his weighty words. On the outer circle sat Henry Clay, with his impetuous and ardent nature, untamed by age, and exhibiting in the Senate the same vehement patriotism and passionate eloquence that of yore electrified the House of Representatives and,the country. His extraordinary personal endowments, his courage, all his noble qualities, invested him with an individuality and a charm of character which, in any age, would have made him a favorite of history. He loved his country above all earthly objects. He loved liberty in all countries. Illustrious man!-orator, patriot, philanthropist-his light at its meridian was seen and felt in the remotest parts of the civilized world; and his declining sun, as it hastened down the west, threw back its level beams in hues of mellowed splendor to illuminate and to cheer the land he loved and served so well. All the States may point, with gratified pride, to the services in the Senate of their patriotic sons. Crowding the memory, come the names of Adams, Hayne, Mason, Otis, Macon, Pinckney, and the rest-I cannot number them-who, in the record of their acts and utterances, appeal to their successors to give the Union a destiny not unworthy of the past. What models were these, to awaken emulation or to plunge in despair! Fortunate will be the American statesmen who, in this age, or in succeeding times, shall contribute to invest the new hall to which we go with historic memories like those which cluster heie. And now, Senators, we leave this memorable chamber, bearing with us, unimpaired, the Constitution we received from our forefathers. Let us cherish it with grateful acknowledgments to the Divine Power who controls the destinies of empires and whose goodness we adore. The structures reared by men yield to the corroding tooth of time. These marble walls must moulder into ruin; but the principles of constitutional liberty, guarded by wisdom and virtue, unlike material elements, do not decay. Let us devoutly trust that another Senate, in another age, shall bear to a new and larger chamber this Constitution, vigorous and inviolate, and that the last generation of posterity shall witness the deliberations of the Representatives of American States still united, prosperous, and free. CONTENTS. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. APPENDIX. PAG]E SUCCESSIVE SESSIONS OF CONGRESS................................................ 3 SPEAKERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES........................... 5 PRESIDENTS OF THE SENATE.......................................................... 6 SUCCESSIVE ADMINISTRATIONS..................................................... 9 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS.................................................................. 16 THE SUPREME COURT................................................................ 70 MINISTERS TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES............................................... 74 THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE............................................. 93 MEMBERS OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS.................................... 101 PRESIDENTS OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS............................... 106 SESSIONS OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS................................... 106 THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES................................... 107 ORGANIZATION OF THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS......................... 125 THE SEVERAL STATES AND TERRITORIES OF THE AMERICAN UNION. 136 PROGRESS OF POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES..................... 143 POPULATION AND RATIO OF REPRESENTATION............................ 144 THE STATE AND TERRITORIAL GOVERNORS..................................... 146 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. ABBOTT, AMOS. ABERCROMBIE, JAMES. BORN at Andover, Massachu- He was born in Georgia, and, resetts, September 10, 1786. He was moving to Alabama, was a Repreeducated at a district school, but sentative in Congress, from that spent the most of his life as a trader State, from 1851 to 1855. and merchant. He represented his native State in Congress, from 1843 ADAIR, JOHN. to 1849, and was a member of the He was born in 1758; was a SeCommittees on the Militia, and on nator of the United States, from Manufactures. Kentucky, during the years 1805 and 1806; commanded the KenABBOTT, JOEL. tucky troops at the battle of New Was born in Fairfield, Connnecti- Orleans, under General Jackson; cut, emigrated to Georgia, and was and was appointed a general in the elected a Representative in Con- army. He was elected a Represengress, from Wilkes County, in that tative in Congress, from Kentucky, State, from 1817 to 1825, serving from 1831 to 1833, and was a memas a member of the Committees on ber of the Committee on Military Commerce and the Slave-Trade. Affairs. He died at Harrodsburg, May 19, 1840. ABBOTT, NEHEMIAH. Born in Sidney, Maine, March ADAMS, BENJAMIN. 29, 1806. He is a lawyer by pro- Born at Worcester, Massachufession; was a member of the House setts; was a Representative in Conof Representatives, in the Maine gress, from 1816 to 1826, and was a Legislature, in 1842 and 1843, and member of the Committees on Rewas elected to the Thirty-fifth Con- volutionarv Pensions and Public Exgress. He is a member of the Com- penditures. He died at Uxbridge, mittee on Revolutionary Pensions. Massachusetts, in April, 1837. 2 18 BIoGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. ADAMS, GEORGE. he was appointed Ambassador to He was a Senator in Congress, Holland; and, in 1782, he went to from Adams County, Mississippi, Paris to engage in the negotiation from 1829 to 1830. for peace, having previously obtained assurance that Great Britain ADAMS, GREEN. i would recognize the independence Born in Barborville, Knox Coun- of the United States. After servty, Kentucky, August 20, 1812; ing on two or three commissions to was bred a farmer, but read law and form treaties of amity and comadopted that profession; in 1839, merce with foreign powers, in 1785 he was elected to the State Legis- he was appointed first Minister to lature, and re-elected; he was a London; and, in 1788, having been Representative in Congress, from absent nine years, he returned to Kentucky, from 1847 to 1849, and America. In March, 1789, the new was a member of the Committee on Constitution of the United States Engraving. He was also a Presi- went into operation, and he became dential Elector in 1844, and since the first Vice-President, which office he left Congress, has been a Judge he held during the whole of Washof the Circuit Court. ington's administration. On the resignation of Washington, he beADAMS, JOHN. came, March 4, 1797, President of Born at Braintree, Massachusetts, the United States. This was the October 30, 1735; graduated at termination of his public functions; Harvard University in 1755; in- and he spent the remainder of his structed a class of scholars in Latin days upon his farm in Quincy, occuand Greek for a subsistence; studied pying himself with agriculture, and law, and having been admitted to obtaining amusement from the litethe bar, settled at Quincy to prac- rature and politics of the day. He tice his profession. As a member died on the fourth of July, 1826, of the Old Congress, he was among with the same words on his lips the foremost in recommending an which, fifty years before, on that day, independent government. In 1777, he had uttered on the floor of Conhe was chosen Commissioner to the gress:-"Independence forever!" Court of Versailles. On his return His principal publications arehe was chosen a member of the "Letters on the American RevoluConvention called to prepare a form tion," " Defence of the American of government for Massachusetts. Constitution," an "Essay on Canon In September, 1779, he was ap- and Federal Laws," a series of letpointed Minister Plenipotentiary to ters under the signature of Novannegotiate a peace, and had autho- glus, and Discourses on Davila. It rity to form a commercial treaty was as Vice-President that he had with Great Britain. In June, 1780, a seat in the Senate. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 19 ADAMS, JOHN. content." He published "Letters He was a Representative in Con- on Silesia," "Lectures on Rhetoric gress, from Green County, New and Oratory," and various " Poems," York, from 1833 to 1835, and was a *besides many occasional letters and member of the Committee on Inva- speeches. His unpublished writings, lid Pensions. He died at Catskill, it is said, would make many voNew York, September 28, 1854. lumes. ADAMS, PARMENIO. ADAMS, JOHN QUINCY. Born in Braintree, now Quincy, A Representative in Congress, Mass., July 11, 1767. When ten from Batavia, Genesee County, New. York, from 1823 to 1827. years of age, he accompanied his father to France; and when fifteen, ADAMS, P, OBERT H. was private secretary to the American Minister in Russia. He was He was a Senator in Congress, graduated at Harvard University in from Mississippi, from February to 1787; studied law in Newburyport, May, in 1830, and died on the seand settled in Boston. From 1794 cond day of July following. to 1801 he was American Minister to Holland, England, Sweden, and ADAMS, STEPHEN. Prussia. He was a Senator in Con- He was a native of Franklin gress from 1803 to 1808; Professor County, Pennsylvania, and had been of Rhetoric in Harvard University, a member of the Senate of that with limited duties, from 1806 to State. Removing to Mississippi, 1808; was appointed, in 1809, Min- he took an active part in public ister to Russia; assisted in negotiat- affairs; was a member of the State ing the Treaty of Ghent, in 1814; Legislature, and a Representative and assisted, also, as Minister, at in Congress, from 1845 to 1847; the Convention of Commerce with he was elected Judge of the Circuit Great Britain, in 1815. He was Court, and from 1852 to 1857, was Secretary of State under President a Senator in Congress, from MisMonroe; and was chosen President sissippi. Ile removed to Tennesof the United States in 1825- see with the intention of practicing serving one term. In 1831 he was law at Memphis, where he died, elected a Representative in Con- May 11, 1857. gress, and continued in that position until his death, which occurred ADDAMS, WILLIAM. in the Speaker's. room, two days He was a Representative in Conafter falling from his seat in the gress from Pennsylvania, from 1825 House of Representatives, Febru- to 1829, and served on a Committee ary 23, 1848. Htis last words were: for the Deaf and Dumb Institutions "This is the end of earth; I am of New York and Ohio. 20 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. ADGATE, ASA. lature in 1838, 1840, and 1842; He was a Representative in the was Governor of South Carolina in Legislature of New York, from Clin- 1844; and a Representative in Conton County, from 1798 to 1799, and gress from that. State, from 1851 elected Representative in Congress, to 1857. He is considered one of from Essex County, in that State, the most successful rice planters in from 1815 to 1817, and was again his native State. a member of the Legislature in 1823. ALBERTSON, NATHANIEL. ADRIAN, GARNETT B. He was born in Virginia, and Born in the City of New York was elected a Representative in December 20th, 1816. He gradu- Congress from the First Congresated at Rutger's College, New Jer- sional District of Indiana, from sey, in 1833; studied law, and'was 1849 to 1851, and was a member of admitted to the bar in 1837; and is the Committee on Public Lands. a Representative in the Thirty-fifth Congress, from New Jersey, serving ALBRIGHT, CHARLES J. as Chairman of the Committee on He was born in Pennsylvania, Engraving. He has also been and was elected from the State of elected a member of the aThirty- Ohio a Representative to the Thirtysixth Congress. Congress. AHL, JOHIN A. ALEXANDER, ADASa R. He was born in Stansbury, Frank- ALEXANDER, ADAM lin County, Pennsylvania, in August, He was elected a Representative 1815; received a good English edu-in Congress,from Madison County, cation; studied medicine with his Tennessee, from 1823 to 1827, and father, and graduated at the " Wash- served as a member of the Comington Medical College" of Baltimore. He abandoned his profession in 1850, and turned his attention ALEXANDER, EVAN. to various kinds of manufactures, and was elected a Representative Born in North Carolina; was a from Pennsylvania to the Thirty- member of the Legislature for two fifth Congress, serving as a member years; and a Representative in of the Committee on Manufactures. Congress from North Carolina, from 1805 to 1809. AIKEN, WILLIAM. He was born in Charleston, South ALEXANDER, HENRY P. Carolina, in 1806; graduated at the He was born in New York, and South Carolina College in 1825; was a Representative in Congress, was a member of the State Legis- from Herkimer County, in that State, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 21 from 1849 to 1851, and was a mem- ALFORD, JULIUS C. ber of the Committee on Expendi- He was born in Georgia, and was tures in the State Department. elected a Representative in ConALEXANDER, JAMES, JR. gress, from Troup County, in that He was born in Maryland; was State, from 1839 to1842, and served a resident of St. Clairsville, Bel- as a member of the Committee on mont County, Ohio, and elected a Indian Affairs. Representative in Congress from ALLEN CHARLES. the Eleventh District in that State, from 1837 to 1839, and was a mem- He was born in Massachusetts, ber of the Committee on Public and was a Representative in ConExpenditure8s. gress from Worcester, in that State, from 1849 to 1853, and was a memALEXANDER, JOHN. ber of the Committee on the DisHe was elected a Representative trict of Columbia. in Congress from Ohio, May 4th, 1813, serving till 1817. ALLEN, CHILTON. ALEXANDER, MARK. Hle was born in Albemarle Co., EHe was born in ~Mechlenbur;g Virginia, April 6, 1786, and settled County, Virginia, and elected a Re-in Kentucky as a wheelwright. He presentative in Congress, from that educated himself for the legal proState, from 1819 to 1833, and served fession; from Clark County was on the Committees on Revolutionary elected in 1811 to the Legislature Pensions, ~WCays and lMeans, and Ex- of Kentucky for several terms, and penditures in the State Department, he was a Representative in Conand the District of Columbia. gress, from that State, from 1831 to 1837, officiating as Chairman of ALEXANDER, NATHANIEL. the Committee of Territories, and Graduated at Princeton College a member of the Committee on in 1716, and after studying medi- Foreign Affairs. In 1838 he was cine, entered the army. At the President of the Board of Internal close of the war he resided at the Improvement, and in 1842 he was High Hills of Santee, pursuing his again returned to the State Legisprofession, and afterwards at Meck- lature, which was the last public lenburg. While he held a seat in position he occupied. He died at Cong.ress, from 1803 to 1805, the Winchester, September 3, 1858. Legislature elected him Governor He was a man of ability and of rare for 1806. He died at Salisbury, virtues. March, 8, 1808, aged fifty-two. In all his public stations he is said ALLEN, ELISHA H. to have discharged his duty with A native of Vermont, and elected ability and firmness. a Representative in Congress, from 22 BIOGRAPHICAL S KETCHES. Maine, from 1841 to 1843, serving which he resigned in 1828; in 1830 as a member of the Committee on he was appointed President of the Manufactur.es. United States Branch Bank, at Burlington, which he held until the ALLEN, HEMAN. expiration of its charter, after which ~He was born in 1776;i6 was a re- he settled in the town of Highgate, sident, if not a native, of Milton, Vermont, where he died of heart Vermont; adopted the profession disease, April 9, 1852. of law, in which he became distinguished; and was a Representa- ALLEN, JBAES C. tive in Congress, from Vermont, He was born in Shelby County, from 1827 to 1829, and again from Kentucky, January 29, 1823; re1833 to 1839, serving as an active ceived a good common school edumember of the Committee on Claims. cation; studied law, and was adHe subsequently settled in Burling- mitted to the bar in that State in ton, Vermont, where he died De- 1843; in 1846 was elected, for two cember 11, 1844. years, Prosecuting Attorney in the Seventh Judicial District of KenALLEN, HEMAN. tucky; and, having removed to IlliHe was born in 1179, and a resi- nois, was elected a member, in 1850 dent of Colchester, Vermont; lie and 1851, of the State Legislature, graduated at Dartmouth College in and was chosen a Representative in 1795, and adopted the profession of Congress, from Illinois, from 1853 law. He was Sheriff of Chittenden to 1855, and was re-elected to the County in 1808 and 1809; from Thirty-fourth Congress. He was 1811 to 1814 he was Chief Justice also chosen Clerk of the House of of the Chittenden County Court; Representatives for the Thirty-fifth from 1812 to 1817 he was an active Congress, which position he conmember of the State Legislature; tinues to occupy. was appointed quartermaster of militia, with the title of brigadier; ALLEN, JOHN. and was a trustee of the University Born in Great Barrington, Masof Vermont. He was first elected sachusetts, in 1763; was a lawyer a Representative in Congress, from by profession, and a member of the Vermont, in 1817, but resigned in State Council of Connecticut for 1818 to accept from President several years; was a RepresentaMonroe the appointment of United tive, from that State, during the States Marshal for the District of last Congress which was held in Vermont. In 1823 he received Philadelphia, from 1797 to 1799. from the same President the ap- He died at Litchfield, Connecticut, pointment of Minister to Chili, July 31, 1812. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 23 ALLEN, JOHN J. ALLEN, NATHANIEL. He was born in Virginia, was a He was born in Dutchess Counresident of Harrison County, and ty, New York; served in the:Aswas elected a Representative in Con- sembly of that State in 1812, and gress, from Virginia, from 1833 to was a Representative in Congress, 1835, and served as a member of from 1819 to 1821, and a memthe Committee on the District of ber of the Committee on ManufacColumbia. He is at the present tures. time Chief Justice of the Supreme ALLEN, PHILIP. Court of Virginia. ~ He was born in Providence, Rhode Island, September 1, 1785; ALLEN, JOHN W. graduated at Brown University, in Born in Litchfield, Connecticut, 1803; was elected to the State Lein 1802; settledin Cleveland, Ohio, gislature in 1819, 1820, and 1821; in 1825, and was a member of the devoted much attention to the busiSenate of that State from 1835 to ness of manufacturing; was Gover1837, also Mayor of Cleveland; and nor of Rhode Island during the was elected a Representative in years 1851, 1852, and 1853; and Congress from 1837 to 1841, serving was elected a Senator in Congress, as a member of the Committee on from his native State, from March the Militia and Military Affairs. 3, 1853, serving as a member of the Committees on Commerce and ALLEN, JOSEPH. on Naval Affairs. He was born in Boston; was a ALLEN, ROBERT. merchant in Leicester, and benefacBorn in Augusta County, Virgitor of the Academy there; twice nia. He was a colonel in the army Elector for President; was a Clerk under General Jackson, a Repreof the County Court and a State sentative in Congress, from TennesCouncillor; and a Representative see, from 1819 to 1827, serving as a in Congress, from Massachusetts, member of the Committees on Comfrom 1811 to 1813. He died at merce, the Library, and RevoluWorcester, September 2, 1827, aged tionary Claims. He died at Carseventy-eight years. thage, Tennessee, August 19, 1844, aged sixty-seven years. ALLEN, JUDSON. He was born in Connecticut, and ALLEN, ROBERT. removing to New York, was elected Born in Woodstock, Shenandoah a Representative in Congress, from County, Virginia, July 30, 1794. that State, from 1839 to 1841, and He was educated at Dickinson and was a member of the Committee on Washington colleges, having left Mileage. the latter institution on a furlough 24 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. of-three months, for the purpose of ALLISON, JAMES. joining a volunteer military force in Ile was elected a Representative 1813, but returned and graduated. in Congress, from Beaver County, He studied law, and practiced in Pennsylvania, from 1823 to 1825. his native place. He held for a time the office of Prosecutor for the Com- ALLISON, JOHN. monwealth; served five years in the He was born in Pennsylvania, Senate of Virginia, and was a Re- and was a Representative in Conpresentative in Congress, from that gress, from that State, from 1851 State, from 1827 to 1833, serving to 1853, and was re-elected to the on the Committee for the District Thirty-fourth Congress. of Columbia. Since that time he has devoted himself chiefly to the ALLISON, ROBERT. pursuits of agriculture. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in ConALLEN, SAMUEL C. gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1831 Born in Franklin County, Massa- to 1833. chusetts; graduated at Dartmouth ALSTON, LEMUEL, J. College in 1794; was a RepresenIHe was a Representative in Contative in Congress, from that State, tative inCongres, fm, gress, from South Carolina, from from 1817 to 1829, officiating as 180 to1811. Chairman of the Committee on Accounts. He died at Northfield, ALSTON, WILLIAM J. February 8, 1-842, aged seventy He was born in Georgia, and reyears. moving to Alabama, was a Representative in Congress, from that ALLEN, WILLIAM. State, from 1849 to 1851, and was He was born in Ohio, adopted a member of the Committee on Postthe profession of law, and was a offices and Post-roads. Representative in Congress, from Ross County, Ohio, from 1833 to ALSTON, WILLIS. 1835, serving as a member of the Born in Halifax County, North Committee on Indian Affairs; was Carolina. He appeared in public elected a Senator in Congress, from life as early as 1794, serving in the 1837 to 1849, serving as a member State Legislature for several years, of several important committees in and was a Representative in Conthe Senate, during his first term. gress, from 1799 to 1815, and from 1825 to 1831. During the war of ALLEN, WILLIS. 1812, he was Chairman of the ComHe was born in Tennessee, and mittee of Ways and Means, in the was a Representative in Congress, House of Representatives. Died from Illinois, from 1851 to 1855. April 10, 1837. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 25 AMES, FISHER. ANDERSON, ISAAC. He was born in Dedham, Massa- He was a Representative in Conchusetts, April 9, 1756, and died gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1803 July 4, 1808. He entered Harvard to 1807. University at the age of twelve years, and graduated with honor; ANDERSON, JOHN. and having studied law, commenced He was a graduate of Bowdoin the practice of his profession, in his College in 1813, and elected a Renative town, in 1781. ]He was ac- presentative in Congress, from Cumknowledged to be the most eloquent berland County, Maine, from 1825 debater in the House of Represen- to 1833, serving as a member of the tatives, and was the author of the Committees on Elections and Naval "Address" of that body, to Wash- Affairs. He died in 1853, aged ington, on his retirement from the sixty-one years. Presidency. He was a prominent member of the Massachusetts Con- ANDERSON, JOSEPH. vention for ratifying the Constitu- He was born near Philadelphia, tion, in 1788, and afterretiring from Pennsylvania, November 5, 1757; political life, having served in Con- enjoyed what was called at the time gress for eight years, he was elected a good education; studied law; was President of Harvard University, appointed an ensign in the New but declined the honor. He was an Jersey line in 1775; was promoted industrious writer as well as a great to an adjutancy; as a captain, fought orator; and his collected writings, at the battle of Monmouth; he also with a memoir, were published in went, in 1779, with Sullivan against 1809. the Six Nations; in 1780 he was at Yalley Forge; in 1781 at the siege ANDERSON, ALEXANDER. of York; and after the war he reHe was a Senator in Congress, tired with the rank of brevet-major. from the Knoxville District, Ten- He practiced law iin Delaware for nessee, during the years 1840 and seven years. In 1791 was appoint1841, a part of a term, and served ed by Washington judge of the as a member of the Committee on territory south of the Ohio river; as a member of the Committee on the Militia. remained in that position until the first Constitution of Tennessee was formed, which he aided in forming ANDERSON, HUGH J. in covention; and he was an infiuA Representative in Congress, ential member of the United States from Maine, from 1837 to 1841, Senate, from Tennessee, from 1797 and a member of the Committee on to 1815, serving at all times upon Naval Affairs. He was a native of important committees, and acting Maine, and a lawyer by profession. on two occasions as President pro 26 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. tempore of the Senate. He was ANDERSON, SAMUEL. appointed in 1815 First ComptrolBorn in 1774, in Pennsylvania. [er of the Treasury, where he re- He served repeatedly in the Legismained until 1836. He died in lature of that State; was Speaker Washington, April 17, 1837. of its House in 1848 and 1849; and elected a Representative in Con1ANDERSON, JOSEPH H. gress, from 1827 to 1829, and was He was born in New York, and a member of the Committee on the was elected a Representative in Boundary-Line of Missouri. He Congress from that State from 1843 died in Chester, Pennsylvnia, Januto 1847, and was Chairman of the ary 17, 1850. Committee on Agriculture, and a member of the Committee on Ex- ANDERSON, SIMEON H. penditures in the Treasury Department. He was elected a Representative in Congress from the Fifth ConANDERSON, JOSIAIH- M.;gressional District of Kentucky, from 1839 to 1841, and served as a He was born in Tennessee, and member of the Committee on Postwas elected a Representative in offices and Post-roads. He died at Congress from the Third District in his residence near Lancaster, Kenthat State, from 1849 to 1852, and tucky, August 11, 1840, before the was a member of the Committee on expiration of his term of service. Private Land Claims. ANDERSON, THOMAS L. ANDERSON, J. P. Born in Green County, Kentucky,:e was born in Tennessee, and December 8, 1808. He was selfwas elected a Delegate to the Thirty-, educated, and removed to Missouri fourth Congress from the Territory where he commenced the in 1830, where he commenced the of Washington. practice of law at twenty-one years of age. He was elected to the LegisANDERSON, RICHARD C., JR. lature of that State in 1840; was a Born in Jefferson County, Ken- Presidential Elector in 1844, 1848, tucky; was elected a Representative 1852, and 1856; and a member of in Congress from Kentucky, from the Convention for remodeling the 1817 to 1821, and was Chairman of State Constitution in 1845, and was the Committee on Public Lands dur- elected a Representative to the ing the Sixteenth Congress. In Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a 1823 he was appointed Minister member of the Committee on InPlenipotentiary to Colombia, and in valid Pensions. He has also been 1826 Envoy Extraordinary to Pana- re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Conma; but died November 6, 1826. gress. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 27 ANDERSON, WILLIAM. He was a member of the Kentucky He was born in Chester County, Legislature in 1834, and in 1838 New Jersey, in 1763 or'64, and was was elected a Representative in a Representative in Congress from Congress, serving from 1839 to Pennsylvania, from 1809 to 1815, 1843, and acted on the Committees and from 1817 to 1819. on Revolutionary Pensions and Accounts. He is now a member of ANDREWS, CHARLES. the Kentucky Senate. Born in Paris, Maine, in 1814; studied law, and was admitted to ANDREWS, SAMUEL G. the bar in 1837; was a member He was born in Derby, New Haof the State Legislature from 1839 ven County, Connecticut, October to 1843, a portion of the time 16, 1799; received an academical Speaker of the House; and a education; and removed with his Representative in Congress, from father to Rochester, New York, in Maine, from 1851 to the time of his 1816. He has been occupied chiefly death, which occurred in Paris, in mercantile and manufacturing April 30, 1852. pursuits; was for several years Mayor of Rochester; was a memANDREWS, GEORGE R. ANDREWS, GEORGE R. ber of the New York Legislature He was born in New York, and in 1831 and 1832, from Monroe was a Representative in Congress, County, New York; Clerk of the from the Fourteenth Congressional Monroe County Court; Secretary District in that State, from 1849 to of the State Senate of New York 1851, and was a member of the Com- for four years; Clerk of the Court mittee on Elections. of Dernier Resort for four years; and was Postmaster of Rochester. ANDREWS, JOHN T. He was elected a Representative He was born in New York, and from New York to the Thirty-fifth was electeda Representative in Con- Congress, and is a member of the gress, from that State, from 1837 to Committee on Roads and Canals. 1839, serving as a member of the Committee on Expenditures in the ANDREWS, SHERLOCK J. State Department. Born in Wallingford, Connecticut, in 1801; graduated at U3nion ANDREWS, LANDAFF W. C:College; settled in Cleveland, Ohio, Born in Fleming County, Ken- in 1825, and practiced law; was tucky, February 12, 1803; gradu- Judge of the Superior Court of that ated at Transylvania University in State, and elected a Representa1824; and commenced the practice tive in Congress, from 1841 to 1843, of law in 1826, in which profession and was a member of the Commithe has since been actively engaged. tee on Commerce. 28 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. ANGEL, WILLIAM G. ted States to Bolivia. On his reHe was a native of New York, turn from that mission, which he reand elected a Representative in signed after the election of General Congress, from Burlington, Otsego Taylor, he resumed the practice of County, in that State, from 1825 to law at Portland, in partnership 1827, and again from 1829 to 1833, with Nathan Clifford, now one of the and was a member of the Commit- judges of the Supreme Court of the tees on Indian Affairs and on Ter- United States; but soon afterwards, ritories. in September, 1850; he was elected from the Portland District, a memANTHONY, JOSEPH B. ber of the Thirty-second Congress Born in Pennsylvania; was elect- In 1855 he joined Mr. Buchanan at ed a Representative in Congress, London, as Secretary of Legation, from that State, from 1833 to 1837, but returned home in time for the serving as a member of the Comn- presidential canvass of 1856. In mittees on Territories and Military 1857, having been obliged from ill Affairs. HIe died at Williamsport, health to decline the position to Pennsylvania, January 17, 1851. which he had been invited, of editor of the Washington Union, he was APPLETON, JOHN. - appointed, by President Buchanan, Assistant Secretary of State. Born in Beverly, Massachusetts, February 11, 1815; graduated at Bowdoin College, Maine, in 1834; APPLETON, NATHAN. was admitted to practice law at Born at New Ipswich, New iHampPortland, Maine, in 1837. In the shire, October 6, 1779. He entered winter of 1838-39 he became editor Dartmouth College in 1794, but left of a Democratic newspaper in that his studies there, after being invited city, (The Eastern Argus,) and by his brother to join him in the continued to be its editor for the mercantile business in Boston. He next four or five years, during a became interested in the cotton mapart of which time he was also Re- nufacture, and in 1821 was one of the gister of Probate for the County of three original founders of Lowell. Cumberland. In 1845 he accepted IHe was at different periods a member ah invitation from Mr. Bancroft, of the Legislature of Massachusetts, the Secretary of the Navy, to be- and from 1831 to 1833, and again come Chief Clerk of the Navy De- in 1842, was elected a Representapartment; subsequently he succeed- tive of that State in Congress; but ed Mr. Trist as Chief Clerk of the soon resigned his seat, and has since State Department, which was then taken no part in public affairs. He presided over by Mr. Buchanan. In has published pamphlets and essays 1848 he was appointed, by President on Currency, Banking, and the Polk, Charg6 d'Affaires of the Uni- Tariff. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 29 APPLETON, WILLIAM. ARCHER, STEPHENSON. Born in Brookfield, Massachu- He was born in tiarford County, setts, November, 1786, and was Maryland, and elected a Represeneducated for mercantile pursuits, in tative in Congress, from that State, which he has been engaged exten- from 1811 to 1817, when he was sively and successfully for more than appointed Judge of Mississippi Terfifty years. He has taken a pro- ritory. He was chosen a Repreminent part in various public enter- sentative in Congress again, from prises and benevolent objects; given 1819 to 1821, and was a member of much attention tobanking and finan- the Committee on Foreign Affairs. cial operations, and was for some years, and until the close of the in- ARCHER, WILLIAM S. stitution, President of the Branch Born in Amelia County, VirgiBank of the United States in Bos- nia, March 5, 1789. He came of ton. In 1850, he was elected a a Welsh family, a number of whom Representative in Congress from acquitted themselves with honor in Massachusetts, and re-elected in the revolutionary war. lie ob1852. tained the rudiments of his education at the best grammar schools of ARCHER, JOHN. the day; graduated at the College He was born in Harford County, of William and Mary; and studied Maryland, in 1741, and graduated law. In 1812 he was elected to the at Nassau Hall in 1760. He stu- State Legislature, where he served, died divinity, but on account of a excepting one year, until 1819. In throat affection, turned his atten- 1820 he was elected a Representation to medicine, and went through tive in Congress from Virginia, a course of study at the Philadel- where he remained until 1835, takphia Medical College, having re- ing an active part in all matters of ceived the first medical diploma national importance, and exerting ever issued in the New. World. At a paramount influence, especially as the commencement of the Revolu- Chairman of the Committee on Fotion, he had command of a military reign Relations and member of the company; was a member of the Committee on the Missouri ComnState Legislature; and after the promise. In 1841 hle was elected war he practiced his profession; he to the United States Senate, where was a Representative in Congress, he remained until 1847, having, from from Maryland, from 1801 to 1807; the start, been placed at the head and died in 1810. As a medical of the Committee on Foreign Remnan he commanded great influence, lations in that body. By his puband several discoveries were made lie acts, he commanded the respect by him, which have been adopted of the country; and by the charms by the profession. of his private character, won the 30 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. friendship of many of the leading State; and to him was intrusted men of his day. On his retirement the direction of the last Pennsylfrom public life, he devoted himself vania war against the Connecticut to the improvement of his paternal settlers of Wyoming. Returning estate; and died March 28, 1855, to New York, he was sent to the of neuralgia, with which he had Senate of the United States, servbeen afflicted for twenty years. ing from 1800 to 1802. On the return of Chancellor Livingston from ARMSTRONG, JAMES. the French embassy, he was comA native of Pennsylvania; dis- missioned Minister in his place in tinguished himself in the Indian 1804. Returning to his own counwars, and was consulted by the pro- try, he was called to the War Deprietors of Pennsylvania on all mat- partment by President Madison. ters connected with Indian affairs. During the campaign of 1813, he In 1776, Congress promoted him visited the northern frontier. His from the rank of colonel to that of flight from Washington, with Mr. brigadier-general, and he assisted Madison and his cabinet, at the in the defence of Fort Moultrie, sacking of 1814, gave the coup de and in the battle of Germantown; grdce to his official career as Secrein 1777 he resigned his commission tary of War. It was charged, that in consequence of dissatisfaction as the capital was lost by reason of his to rank. He was subsequently elect- neglect to provide the means of ed a Representative to Congress defence. He was dismissed from from Pennsylvania, serving from office, and the duties of the War 1793 to 1795, and sustained a num- Department devolved upon Mr. ber of other honorable offices. He Monroe, then Secretary of State. died at Carlisle, Penna., March 9, From that time he lived in retire11795, a few days after the expira- ment upon his estate at Red Hook, tion of his term in Congress. but passed a few years in Maryland. He published a brief history ARMSTRONG, JOHN. of the last War with England. He died at Red Hook, New York, April lie was a native of Pennsylva1, 1843, aged eighty-four years. nia, and served as an officer during the revolutionary war. At the close of the war, in order to obtain redress for the grievances sustained He was born in Lisburn, Antrim by the officers of the army, he pre- County, Ireland, December 23, 1782. pared the celebrated "Newburgh He came to this country in 1792; Letters," and they produced a deep had a limited education; studied sensation. After the war he re- law in Winchester, Virginia; deturned to Pennsylvania, where he voted himself to mercantile pursuits. was made adjutant-general of the In 1813 he was appointed by Pre BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 31 sident Madison collector for the 1, 1806; received his education at Sixth District of Virginia; in 1818 Plainfield Academy, in Connectiand 1819 he was a member of the cut, and Westfield Academy, in Virginia House of Delegates; in Massachusetts; has devoted the 1822 and 1823, a member of the most of his life to agricultural purBoard of Public Works; and in suits, and to various interests of 1820 and 1824 he was a Presidential commerce, having also for many elector; for many years a justice of years carried on one of the most exthe peace; one year high sheriff of tensive stone quarries in the Union. Hampshire County; and he was a He was, also, for a number of years, Representative in Congress from President of the Bank of East Had1825 to 1833. Since that time, he dam. He served his native county, has lived in retirement in the plea- in the Legislature, during the years sant valley of the South Branch 1839, 1842, 1844, and 1851, and of the Potomac. was elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, as a Representative from ConARNOLD, BENEDICT. necticut, serving as a member of the He was a member of the Asser- Committee on Claims. bly of New York, from Amsterdam, Montgomery County, in 1816 and ARNOLD, THOMAS D. 1817, and was a Representative in He was elected a Representative Congress, from that State, from in Congress, from Knox County, 18219 to 1831. i Tennessee, from 18,31 to 1833, and for a second term, from 1841 to 1843, representing Greenville County; he Born in St. Johnsbury, Vermont, was a member of the Committees on January 29, 1792, and removed to Elections and Claims. Rhode Island at an early age. He graduated at Dartmouth College, in ARRINGTON, ARCHIBALD. 1811; was educated for the bar, but He was born in North Carolina, turned his attention to mercantile and represented that State in Conpursuits. In 1831, he was elected gress, from 1841 to 1845, after Governor of Rhode Island, and re- which he retired to private life. He elected in 1832; he was a member was a member of the Committee on of the Governor's Council during Expenditures in the War Departthe Dorr rebellion in 1842; was a ment. Representative in Congress, from 1845 to 1847; and died in Kings- ASH, MICHAEL W. ton, Rhode Island, June 27, 1852. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in ConARNOLD, SAMUEL. gress, from that State, from 1835 He was born in Haddam, Mid- to 1837, serving as a member of the dlesex County, Connecticut, June Committee on Naval Affairs. 32 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. ASHE, JOHN B. diciary Committee inthatbody. He He was elected a Representative served until his death, which ocin Congress, from Brownsville curred in Washington City, April County, Tennessee, from 1843 to 29, 1848. 1845, representing the Tenth Dis1845 1 O ~~ASHLEY, HENRY..trict, and serving as a member of the Committees on Invalid Pen- He was elected a Representative sions,, and Expenditures in the State in Congress, from Delaware and and Treasury Departments. Green counties, New York, from 1825 to 1827. ASHE, JOHN BAPTISTE. ASHLEY, WILIAM H. He was a Representative in Con- ASHLEY, WILLIAM H. gress, from 1790 to 1793; was Born in Powhatan County, Va., elected Governor of the State of and emigrated to Missouri, then North Carolina, in 1801; and died Upper Louisiana, in 1808, and setNovember, 27, 1802. He was a tled near the Lead Mines. In 1822, Delegate to the Continental Con- he projected the scheme of the gress in 1.787 and 1788. "Mountain Expedition," by uniting the Indian trade in the Rocky ASHE, WILLIAM S. Mountains with the hunting and Born in Wilmington; North Ca- trappingbusiness. Heenlistedabout rolina; a lawyer by profession; 300 hardy men in the business, and, served in the State Legislature in after various successes and reverses, 1846, and was re-elected in 1848; having sustained numerous losses he was a Representative in Con- by Indian robbery and river disasgress, from 1849 to 1853, serving ters, he and his associates realized on the Committee on Expenditures a handsome fortune. He was the in the State Department. first Lieut.-Governor of Missouri, after it became a State, and a ReASHLEY, CHESTER. presentative in Congress, from 1831 Born at Westfield, Massachusetts, to 1837. He died near 1oonville, June 1, 1790, but was removed in Missouri, March 26, 1838. infancy to Hudson, New York, where he resided until he reached ASHMUN, ELI PEASE. the age of twenty-seven. He then He was a distinguished lawyer, went to Illinois, and afterpracticing and for several years a member of law in that State for two years, re- the House of Representatives and moved to the Territory of Arkansas Senate of Massachusetts; and was and established himself in Little elected, in 1816, to succeed GeneRock, then a mere landing. He ral Varnum as Senator from that was chosen a Senator in Congress, in State, in Congress; this office he 1844, and was Chairman of the Ju- resigned in May, 1818. He died BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 33 at Northampton, May 10, 1819, 1804; graduated at Cambridge in aged forty-eight. 1822; studied law, but engaged in politics when quite young; he was ASHIMUN, GEORGE. for many years in the Legislature Born in Brandford, Massachu- of New Hampshire, and for three setts, December 25, 1804; gradua- years Speaker of the House; he was ted at Yale College in 1823; stu- a Representative in Congress, from died law and settled in Springfield 1837 to 1843; a Senator in Conin. 1828. He served in the State gress, from 1843 to 1849; and, in Legislature during the years 1833, November, 1852, he was re-elected 1835, 1836, 1838, and 1841, offici- a Senator to fill a vacancy, and died ating as Speaker of the House in of apoplexy in Manchester, New the latter year. He was a Repre- Hampshire, November 15, 1853. sentative in Congress, from 1845 to- He was Chairman, in the Senate, 1851, and was a member of the of the Committee on Finance. Committees on the Judiciary, Indian Affairs, and on Rules. Since ATHERTON, CHARLES H. that time he has been devoted to the practice of his profession. He was born in Amherst, New Hampshire, August 14, 1773, and ATCHISON, DAVID R. graduated at Harvard College in 1794. He held the office of RegisHe was born in Frogtown, Fayter of Probate, from 1798 to 1807; ette County, Kentucky, August 11, was a Representative in Congress, 1807; was educated for the bar; from 1815 to 1817, and stood at and removed to' Missouri in 1830. the head of the bar in Hillsborough He was elected to the Legislature County for many years. He died of that State in 1834 and 1838. In in Amherst, January 8, 1853. 1841, he was appointed Judge of the Platte County Circuit Court; and during the year 1845, was ap- ATKINS, JOHN D. C. pointed a Senator in Congress, to He was born in Henry County, which position'he was twice elected, Tennessee, on the 4th of June, 1825; serving until 1855, firequently at the graduated at the University of East head of important committees, and Tennessee in 1846; was elected to for several sessions as President pro the lower branch of the Legislatempore of the Senate. He has ture in 1849 and 1851; was elected since been devoted to agricultural to the State Senate in 1855; was a pursuits. Presidential Elector inll 1856; and was elected a Representative in ATHERTON, CHARLES G. Congress, from Tennessee, in 1857, He was born in Hillsborough and is a member of the Committee County, New Hampshire, July 4, on Post-offices and Post-roads. 3 34 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. ATKINSON, ARCHIBALD. was a member of the Committees on Born in Isle of Wight County, Invalid Pensions, and on Revisal Iand Pefinished Business. Virginia, September 13, 1792. He left school at the age of eighteen, AVERY, DANIEL. and entered the office of the Clerk Of the County Court, and performed He was elected a Representative the duties of copyist, devoting his in Congress, from Hamilton County, leisure time to the study of law, New York, from 1811 to 1815, and which he completed at the Law from Cayuga County, from 1816 to School of William and Mary Col- 1817. lege. In 1813 he joined the troops at Norfolk, as ensign of a volunteerY, WII company, which was attached to Born in Maury County, Tenthe 29th Regiment, and was at nessee, November 11, 1819, and was the battle of Craney Island. Upon very early in life thrown upon his leaving the army he commenced the own resources for education and suppractice of law in Smithfield, and port; he is a lawyer by profession; was a member of the General As- and was elected to the Legislature sembly from 1815 to 1817, and, of Tennessee in 1843. He held also, of the House of Delegates and several creditable positions in his State Senate for several years. In native State, and was chosen a Re1843 he was elected a Representa- presentative to the Thirty-fifth Contive in Congress, and served until gress. He is a member of the Com1848, and was a member of the mittees on Expenditures in the Committees on Naval Affairs and State Department, and on Private Commerce. He was Prosecuting Land Claims. Attorney for his county twenty years; Mayor of Smithfield, and a AYCRIGG, JOHN B. magistrate. Of late years he has He was born in New York, and devoted his attention to agriculture. was elected a Representative in Congress, from New Jersey, from AUSTIN, ARCHIBALD. 1837 to 1839, and again from 1841 He was a Representative in Con- to 1843, and was a member of the gress, from Virginia, from 1817 to Committee on Expenditures in the 1819. Treasury Department, and the Joint Committee on the Library, and on AVERETT, THOMAS H. Invalid Pensions. He was born in Virginia; was a resident of Halifax County, and BABCOCK, ALFRED. elected a Representative in Con- He was a Representative in Congress, from the Third District in gress, from New York, from 1841 that State, from 1849 to 1853, and to 1843. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 35 BABCOCK, LEANDER. to the Legislature in 1816. In He was born in New York, and 1820 he was elected a judge of the was a Representative in Congress, Supreme Court, which he resigned from that State, from 1851 to 1853. in 1825; he was appointed Secretary of the N avy by President HIarBABCOCK, WILLIAM. rison in 1841; and was elected a He was a Representative in Con- Senator in Congress'in 1846, and gress, from New York, from 1831 gress, from New York, from 1831 re-elected in 1848 for a term of six to 1833. years, serving on the Committees on Military and Naval Affairs. Of BACON, EZEKIEL. late years he has been wholly deHe was born in lMassachusetts; voted to the practice of his profesgraduated at Yale College in 1794; sion, visiting Washington occathe son of John Bacon; and a Re- sionally to argue cases in the Supresentative in Congress, from Mas- preme Court of the United States. sachusetts, from 1807 to 1813. BADGER, LUTHER. BACON, JOHN. Born in Partridgefield, Berkshire He was born in Canterbury, Con- County, Massachusetts, April 10, necticut; graduated at the College 1785, but his father removed to of New Jersey in 1765; studied Broome County, New York, in theology, and, after preaching for a 1786. Having made sufficient actime in Maryland, removed to Mas- quaintance in the common branches sachusetts, and settled in Boston. of an English education, he entered Owing to some difficulties with his Hamilton College at the age of congregation he relinquished the nineteen, and spent two years there. ministry, and subsequently held the In 1807 he commenced the study of positions of magistrate, represen- law, and was admitted to the bar in tative in the State Legislature, Pre- 1812, and continued to practice his siding Judge of the Court of Com- profession until 1824, when he was mon Pleas, a member and President elected a Representative to the of the State Senate, and that of Nineteenth Congress. He had been Representative in Congress, from engaged in military services in his Massachusetts, from 1801 to 1803. State, and in 1819 was appointed, He died in Berkshire County, Octo- by Governor Clinton, Judge-Advober 25, 1820. cate for the 27th Brigade of Infantry of New York State, which BADGER, GEORGE E. office he held for eight years. In Born in the town of Newbern, N. 1832 he resumed the practice of Carolina, in 1795. He graduated law, and in 1840 was appointed at Yale College in 1813; studied Examiner in Chancery and Comand practiced law; and was elected missioner of United States Loans, 396 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. which office he held for three years. ditures in the State Department; From 1846 to 1849 he was United and died at Dorchester, MassachuStates District Attorney for New setts, June 26, 1835. York. BAER, GEORGE. BAILEY, THEODORUS. He was a Representative in Con- He was born in 1752; was a Regress, from Maryland, from 1'97 to presentative in Congress, from New 1801, and again firom 1815 to 1817. York, from 1793 to 1797, and again from 1799 to 1803; and a Senator BAGBY, ARTHUR P. in Congress, from 1803 to 1804, He was born in Virginia in 1794; when he was appointed Postmaster was liberally educated; adopted the of New York City. He died Sepprofession of law, and settled in tember 6, 1828. Alabana *in 1818; was elected a BAKER, CALEB. member of the Legislature in 1820 and 1822, and was Speaker of the He was born in Providence, House; was Governor of Alabama Rhode Island; served four years from 1.837 to 1843; and a Senator in the New York Assembly; and in Congress, from that State, from was a Representative in Congress, 1842 to 1849. His last public po- from that State, from 1819 to 1821. sition was that of Minister to Russia, to which,he was appointed in BAKER, DAVID J. 1848. He died of yellow fever at He was a Senator in Congress, Mobile, September 21, 1858. from Illinois, from 1830 to 1831. BAILEY, DAVID J. BAKER, EDWARD D. He was born in Georgia, and was He was born in England, but a Representative in Congress, from having emigrated to Illinois, and that State, from 1851 to 1855. been naturalized, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that BAILEY, JEREMIAH. State, from 1849 to 1851, and was A Representative in Congress, a member of the Committee on Pubfrom Lincoln County, Maine, from lie Lands. 1835 to 1837, and was a member of the Committees on Agriculture and BAKER, EZRA. Expenditures in the Post-office De- He was a Representative in Conpartment. gress, from New Jersey, from 1815 to 1817. BAILEY, JOHN. He was a Representative in Con- BAKER, JOHN. gress, for Massachusetts, from 1823 He was a Representative in Conto.1831, serving on the Committees gress, from Virginia, from 1811 to on Public Expenditures and Expen- 1813. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 37 BAKER, OSMYN. BALDWIN, JOHN. He was born in Massachusetts; He was born in Connecticut; and graduated at Yale College in 1822; was a Representative in Congress, and was a Representative in Con- from that State, from 1825 to 1829, gress, from his native State, from serving on one standing, and one 1841' to 1845. select committee. BALDWIN, ABRAHAM. BALDWIN, ROGER SHERMAN. Was a native of Connecticut, and Born at New Haven, Connectia graduate of Yale College in 1772, cut, January 4, 1793; graduated at and from 1775; to'1779 he was a Yale College in 1811; studied law tutor in that.institution. Having at Litchfield Law School; was adstudied. law, he settled in Savannah, mitted to the bar in 1814; and Georgia, and soon after his arrival established himself in practice at there he.was chosen a member of New Haven, where he has since the Legislature. He originated the continued to reside. In 1837 he,plan of the University of Georgia, was elected to the State Senate, cdrew' up the charter, and persuaded re-elected in 1838, and chosen Pre-:the Assembly to adopt it, and was sident pro tern. of that body. In for some time its president. Ile 1840 and 1841 he was a Representawas'a m'ember of the Continental tive in the General Assembly, and Congress from 1785 to 1788, and a in the latter year was associated member of the Convention which with J. Q. Adams in the argument framed the Constitution of the before the Supreme Court of the United States. From 1789 to 1799 United States, in the case of the he was a Representative in Con- Africans of the Amistad. In 1844 gress, and from 1799 to 1807 he and 1845 he was Governor of the was a member of the United States State, and in 1847 was elected to Senate. He died March 4, 1807, the United States Senate by the aged fifty-three years. Legislature of Connecticut, serving until 1851. Since that time he has BALDWIN, IIHENPRY. been engaged in his professional He was born in New Haven, Con- duties. necticut, in 1779; graduated at Yale College in 1797; and was a BALDWIN, SIMEON. Representative in Congress, from Born at Norwich, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, from 1817 to 1822. December 14, 1761; graduated at He was a distinguished lawyer, and Yale College in 1781..In 1783 he was for many years Associate Judge was appointed tutor at the college, of the Supreme Court of the United and continued in that station until States. He died in Philadelphia, 1786, when he was admitted to the April 21, 1844. bar in New Haven, and commenced 38 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. the practice of law. From 1790 to the House of Delegates of that 1803 he was Clerk of the District State, and a Representative in Conand Circuit Courts of the United gress, from 1838 to 1842, and was States; was a Representative in a member of the Committee on Congress, from 1803 to 1805, and Claims. He was found drowned in declined a re-election. In 1806 he a stream in Madison County, Virwas appointed, by the Legislature, ginia, February 24, 1842. Associate Judge of the Superior Court and of the Supreme Court of Errors, and held the office until BANKS, NATHANIEL P. 1817. In 1822 was chosen by the General Assembly one of the Co- Born in Waltham, Mssachusetts, missioners to locate the Farmington January 30, 1816, of poor but reCanal, and was made President of spectable parents-operatives in a that Board. In 1826 was elected factory. He had no advantages nMayor of New Haven. In 1830 he but those afforded by the common resigned his office as Commissioner. school, but he became a lover of HEe died in New Haven,-May 26, books at an early day, and that love 1851. has been a source of gratification to BALL, EDWARD. him all his life. His first venture before the public was in the capaHe was born in Virginia, and was esna in r, city of newspaper editor in his naa Representative in Congress, from tive town, and he followed the same Ohio, from 1853 to 1855, and was pursuit at Lowell. He studied law, re-elected to the Thirty-fourth Con- but did not practice to any great gress. extent, and in 1848 he was elected BALL, WILLIAM LEE. to the Legislature of MassachuBorn in Lancaster County, Vir- setts, serving in both houses, and ginia, and was a Representative in ating for a time as Speaker. Congress, from that State, from He was chosen President of the t817 to 1824. Convention held in 1853, for revising the Constitution of MassachuBANKS, JOHN. setts, and was soon afterwards electHe was born in Pennsylvania, ed a Representative in Congress, and was a Representative in Con- serving from 1853 to 1857, when gress, from Crawford County, inl he was elected Governor of Massa' that State, from 1831 to 1836, and chusetts, by a majority of 24,000. was a member of the Committees During his second term in Congress, on Elections, Patents, and Claims. he was elected Speaker, and, as a presiding officer, won a reputation BANKS, LINN. for impartiality, as it is said that Born in Virginia, and was for not one of his decisions was ever twenty successive years Speaker of overruled by the House. He was B I O GRAPH ICAL SKETCHES. 39 elected Governor of Massachusetts ture; was from 1823 to 1833 a for a second term, in 1858. member of Congress from Virginia; again in the State Legislature in BARBER, LEVI. 1833-34; and member of the Constitutional Convention in 1829-30. Yre was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1817 to 1819, C He was a gentleman of much ability, andss, againO, from 1821 *to 1823 and exercised considerable inflence and again from 1821 to 1823. in the public affairs of his State. BARBER, NOYES. BARBOUR, LUCIEN. He was born in Groton, Connecticut, April 28, 1781; was in early He was born in Canton, Conneclife a merchant,' but a lawyer by ticut, March 4, 1811; graduated profession; and was a Representa- at Amherst College in 1837, having, tive in Congress, from his native while receiving his own education, State, from 1821 to 1835. He died been a teacher himself; he removed at Groton, January 3, 1845. He to Indiana, studied law, and settled was a man of ability, and while in in the practice at Indianapolis. He Congress accomplished much good was appointed, by President Polk, for his native State, where he was United States District Attorney; universally respected as a man and acted a number of times as arbitraa statesman. tor between the State of Indiana and private corporations; in 1852 BARBOUR, JAMES. was appointed a Commissioner to A native of Virginia; was Speak- prepare a code of practice for the er of the House of Delegates, and State; and was a Representative in Governor of that State; and a the Thirty-fourth Congress, since Senator in Congress, from 1815 to which time he has been devoted to 1825, officiating as Chairman of the his profession. Committees on Foreign Relations and the District of Columbia, and BARBOUR, PHILIP P. serving on other important com- Born in 1779; was educated for mittees. Ile was appointed Secre- the law, in the practice of which he tary of War in 1825, and Minister was successful; he was a member of to England in 1828. He died in Congress, from Virginia, from 1814 Orange County, Virginia, June 8, to 1825; Speaker of the House of 1842, aged sixty-six years. Representatives in 1821; in 1825 he was appointed Judge of the BARBOUR, JOHN S. i Eastern District of Virginia; was Born in Virginia in 1810, and again in Congress from 1827 to died in Culpeper County, Virginia, 1830, officiating as Chairman of the January 12, 1855. He was in early Judiciary Committee; and in 1836 life a member of the State Legisla- was appointed by President Jackson 40 BIOG RAPHICAL SKETCHES. an Associate Judge of the Supreme war, in 1847; was a member of the Court of the United States. He died Mississippi Convention called in in Washington City, of ossification 1851 to discuss the Compromise of the heart, February 25, 1841. measures of 1850; and was elected Representative, from Mississippi, in the Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth, and He was born in Pennsylvania, Thirty-fifth Congresses. He is a and was a Repm'esentative in Con- member of the Committee on Forgress, from his native State, from eign Affairs. 1855 to 1857. BARLOW, THOMAS. BARD, DAVID. IlHe was a Representative in ConHe was a graduate of Princeton gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1827 College in 1773, and a Representa- to 1829, and was a member of the tive in Congress, from Pennsylvania, Committee on Agriculture. from 1795 to 1799, and again from 1803 to 1815. BARNARD, D. D. He was born in Berkshire CounBARKE1R, DAVID. ty, Massachusetts; graduated at He was a lawyer by profession, William's College in 1818; studied and was a Representative in Con- law, and was admitted to the bar, gress, from New Hampshire, from in New York, in 1821; in 1826 was 1827 to 1829, and died in Rochester, elected District Attorney for the New Hampshire, April 1,' 1834, County of Monroe, New York; and aged thirty-seven years. was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1827 to 1829, BARKER, JOSEPH. and again from 1839 to 1845. In He commenced his classical stu- 1850 he was appointed Minister to dies at Harvard University, and Prussia. He has devoted much atgraduated at Yale College in 1771; tention to literary pursuits, and the and was a Representative in Con- degree of LL.D. was conferred gress, from Massachusetts, from upon him by the colleges of Geneva 1805 to 1809. He died in 1815. and New York. Of late years he has devoted himself to the publicaBARKESDALE, WILLIAM. tion of a work called "A Journal Born in Rutherford County, Ten- of Education." nessee, August 21, 1821, and pursued a partial course of studies at BARNARD, ISAAC D. the Nashville University. He is a He was a Senator in Congress, lawyer by profession; held' a com- from Pennsylvania, from 1827: to mission in the staff of the 2d Mis- 1831, and died at West Chester, sissippi Regiment, in the Mexican I Pennsylvania, February, 1834. B I OG R AP H ICAL S K ETCHES. 41 BARNETT, WILLIAM. BARRERE, NELSON. He was elected a Representative He was a Representative in Conin Congress, from Georgia, from gress, from Ohio, from 1851 to 1853. 1812 to 1815, when he was appointed one of the Commissioners to run BARRINGER, DANIEL L. the Creek boundary line. Born in Mecklenburgh County, North Carolina,- October 1, 1788; BARNEY, JOHN. had a good classical education; He was a son of Commodore studied law, and practiced with sucJoshua Barney, and a member of cess in Wake County; served in the Congress, from Maryland, from 1825 Legislature of North Carolina in to 1827.- He died in Washington, 1813, and again from 1819 to 1822; District of Columbia, January 26, and was a Representative in Con1857, aged seventy-two years. H~e gress, from 1826 to 1835, and again was known in Washington society from 1843 to 1849.- He subsefor many years, as an agreeable quently removed to Tennessee, and gentleman; and he left behind him was elected Speaker of the House an unfinished record of " Personal of Representatives of that State. Recollections of Men and Things," He died October 16, 1852. both in this country and Europe. BARRINGER, DANIEL MOREAU. BARNITZ, CHARLES A. Was born in Cabarras County, North Carolina, and graduated'at He was a Representative in Con- North Carolina, and graduated at the University of North Carolina gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1833?'. in 1826; he selected the law as a to 1835, and died at York, in that in 1826; heselected the law as a State, in March, 1850.' profession, having commenced to practice in 1829. In that year he was elected a member of the State BARNWELL, ROBERT. Legislature, in which position he He was a Representative in Con- continued for a number of years. In gress, from South Carolina, from 1835 he was a member of a conven1791 to 1793. tion to amend the State Constitution. He was a Representative in BARNWELL, R. W. Congress, from 1843 to 1849, when He was born in South Carolina; he was appointed by President Taygraduated at Harvard University in lor Minister to Spain and continued 1821; studied law, and was a Repre- in that mission by President Fillsentative in Congress, from South more. On resigning his position as Carolina, from 1829 to 1833, was Minister, after serving four years, President of the South Carolina he traveled extensively in Europe, College from 1835 to 1843, and was and, on his return home, was electa Senator in Congress in 1850. ed to the State Legislature, and in 42 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1855, having declined a re-election, red in Liverpool, England, August retired to private life, devoting him- 30,1835,he was Minister Plenipotenself to literary studies and pursuits. tiary of the United States to Spain. BARROW, ALEXANDER. BARSTOW, GAMALIEL H. Born in Niashvile, Tennessee, in He served three years in the As1801, where, after completing his sembly of New York, four years in education, he was admitted to the the State Senate, and was a Reprebar; he soon after removed to Loui- sentative in Congress, from that siana, gave up the practice of law, from 1831 to 1833. State, from 1831 to 1833. and turned his attention to planting. He served a number of years in the BARSTOW, GIDEON. Legislature of Louisiana, and was a Senator in Congress, from 1841 A native of Massachusetts; was to 1847. Died December 29, 1846. a member of both branches of the Legislature of that State, and a BARROW, WASHINGTON. Representative in Congress, from 1821 to 1823. He died in St. AuHe is a native of Tennessee; a gustine, Florida, where he had gone lawyer by education and profession; his health March 26, 1852 aged for his health, March 26, 1852, aged was a Representative in Congress,. from that State, from 1847 to 1849, serving on the Committee for the District of Columbia; and in 1841 BARTLETT, BAILEY. was appointed American Charg6 He was a Representative in Cond'Affaires to Portugal. gress, from Massachusetts,from 17 97 to 1801. BARRY, WILLIAM S. He was born in Mississippi, and BARTLETT, ICHABOD. was a Representative in Congress, He was born in Salisbury, New from that State, from 1853 to 1855. Hampshire, in 1786; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1808; studied BARRLY, WILLIAM T. /law, and settled in Portsmouth, He was a native of Kentucky, and where he was eminently successful a Senator in Congress, from that in his profession, and was a RepreState, from 1814 to 1816, having sentative in Congress, from 1823 to previously, during the years 1810 1829, serving on the Committee on and 1811, been a Representative in Naval Affairs. He was also freCongress. He was also a member quently in the State Legislature, of President Jackson's cabinet, as and a member of the Convention to Postmaster-General, (the first, as revise the State Constitution. He such, admitted to that honor;) and died in Portsmouth, October 19, at the time of his death, which occur- 1853. BI O GRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 43 BARTLETT, JOSIAH. BASSET, RICHARD. Born in New Hampshire in 1768, He was a member from Delaware and died at Stratham, in that State, of the Convention which formed the April 14, 1838. He was a physi- Constitution, and a Senator in Concian of extensive practice, and a gress, from its adoption until 1793. Representative in Congress, from IHe was also a justice of the Federal New Hampshire, from 1811 to Supreme Court; Governor of De1813. laware, from 1798 to 1801; and died in September, 1815. BARTLETT, THOMAS, JR. He was born in Vermont, and was BATEMAN, EPHRAIM. a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. He was born in Cumberland, New Jersey, was a Senator in Congress, BARTLEY, MORDECAI. from that State, from 1826 to 1829; and was a member of the CommitHe was a Representative in Contees on Agriculture and Enrolled gress; from Ohio, from 1823 to 1831. Bills; having previously been a BARTON, DAVID. Representative in Congress, from 1815 to 1823; serving on the Com-:He was a Senator in Congress, mittees on the Post-office and Acfrom Missouri, from 1821 to 1831, counts. and a man of distinguished talents. Died near Boonville, Missouri, Sep- BATES, EDWARD. telmber 28, 1837. HIe is a lawyer by profession, and BARTON. RICHARD W. was a Representative in Congress, from Missouri, from 1827 to 1829. He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843. BATES, ISAAC C. Born at Granville, Massachusetts, BARTON, S~AMnUEL. in 1780, and graduated at Yale ColHe was born in New York, served lege in 1802. He studied law and three years in the Assembly of that attained a high position as an adState, and was a Representative in vocate. H:e was frequently in the Congress, from 1835 to 1837. State Legislature and a member of the Executive Council; was a ReBASSETT, BURWELL. presentative in Congress, from 1827 He was born in Virginia, and to 1833, and a Senator in Congress, was a Representative in Congress, from 1841 to 1845; and was Chairfrom that State, from 1805 to 1813, man of the Committee on Pensions. from 1815 to 1819, and from 1821 He died in Washington City, March to 1831, 16, 1845. 44 BIOGRAPHI CAL SKETCaES. BATES, JAMES. gress, serving from 1797 to 1801; when he was appointed Minister to rset CoFrance. In 1804 he was elected to from Somerset County, Maine, from 13to13 and wasathe United States Senate, of which 1831 to 1833, and was a member of the Committee on Expenditures in body he continued a member, till the Post-ofce Department. he was appointed by President Mathe Post-office Department. dison, in 1813, a Commissioner to BATES, JAMES W. negotiate a peace with Great Britain. The absence of the Emperor He was: born in Goochland from St. Petersburg preventing the County, Virginia, and was a Dele- toCnrsfrmteTr-transaction of any business, he progate to Congress, from the Terrigate toCngesfoteceeded to Holland: he lent his tory of Arkansas, from 1820 to 1823. able assistance in the negotiation BATES, M. W. of the treaty of peace at Ghent. At Paris, he was apprised of his He was born in Salisbury, Litchappointment as Envoy to the Court field County, Connecticut, February. Petersburg; this he declined. of St. Petersburg; this he declined. 24, 1787; he received a good Eng24,'78~; he received a good Eng- He tendered, however, his co-operalish education, and became a lawyer e tendered, however, his co-operation in forming a commercial treaty by profession; having first studied with Great Britain; but an alarmmedicine. He removed to Delaware ing illness compelled him to return and was several times elected to the to the United States. He arrived Legislature of that State; and indied in August, 1815. in June, and died in August, 1815. 1850 was a member of the Constitutional Convention of the State of Delaware. Hle took his seat in the BAYARD, JAMES A. Thirty-fifth Congress, as a Senator He has been a Senator in Confrom Delaware, and is a member of gress, from Delaware, ever since the Comimzittee on Pensions and 1851, and is Chairman of the ComRevolutionalry Pensions. mittee on the Judiciary, and a member of the Committees on the Library BAY, WILLIAM V. N. BAY, WILLIAM V. N. and on Public Grounds. He was born in New York, and having become a citizen of MisBAYARD, RICHARD H. souri, was elected a Representative in Congress, from 1849 to 1851. He was born in Delaware, graduated at Princeton College in BAYARD, JAMIES A. 1 1814, and was a Senator in ConHe was born in Pennsylvania, in gress, from Delaware, from 1836 to 1767. After studying law at Phi- 1839, and again from 1841 to ladelphia, he commenced the prac- 1845. He was subsequently aptice in Delaware. In 1796 he was pointed American Minister to Belelected a Representative in Con- gium. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 45 BAYLIES, FRANCIS. BAYLY, THOMAS HENRY. Born in 1784; a Representative Born in Accomac County, Virin Congress, from Massachusetts, ginia, in 1810; graduated at the from 1821 to 1827, and in 1832 University of Virginia, and came was appointed American Minister to the bar in 1830. At the age of to Brazil, and died October 28, 1852. twenty-six, he was chosen a memHe was the author of "A History ber of the General Assembly of of the Plymouth Colony." Virginia, and was re-elected for five years in succession. While a memBAYLIES, WILLIAM. ber of the Legislature, he was He graduated at Harvard Col- elected by that body a brigadierlege in 1760; was a member of the general of the militia of Eastern Provincial Congress in 1775; often Virginia. He resigned his seat, a member of the Massachusetts State and was elected Judge of the CirCouncil; and a Representative in cuit Superior Court of Law. In Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1844 he resigned his seat on the 1805 to 1809, and again from 1813 bench, and was elected to the House to. 1817. He died at Dighton, of Representatives from the AcMassachusetts, June 17, 1826, aged comac District, and continued, by eighty-two years. successive elections, a member of the House for twelve years, until BAYLIES, WILLIAM. the time of his death; during the He was a Representative in Con- Thirty-first Congress officiating as gress, from Massachuisetts, from 1833 Chairman of the Committee of to 1835, serving as a member of Ways and Means. He lived and the Committee on Revolutionary died on the same spot where his Claims. ancestors from England landed in 1666, and where they established BAYLEY, THOMAS. the family home. He commanded He was born in Somerset County, the same brigade which his grandMaryland, and was a Representa- father had commanded; and he tive in, Congress, from that State, held the same seat in the General from 1817 to 1823. Assembly of his State and in the House of Representatives, which BAYLEY, THOMAS M. his father had occupied before him. He was a Representative in Con- He died June 22, 1856, aged fortygress, from Virginia, from 1813 to five years. 1815. BAYLOR, R. E. B. BEALE, JAMES M. H. He was a Representative in Con- He was born in Virginia, and was gress, from Alabama, from 1829 to- a Representative in Congress, from 1831. that State, from 1833 to 1837, and 46 B I G RAPHICAL S K ETCHES. for two other terms, from 1849 to sistant Justice of the Supreme 1853. Court of the State, and the Federal appointment of United States BEALE, R. L. T. District Attorney for New York. Born at Hickory Hill, Westmoreland County, Virginia, May 22, BEATTY, JOHN. 1819; his education was obtained He graduated at Princeton Colchiefly at Northumberland Aca- lege in 1769, and studied medicine; demy, spending a short time at was a Representative in Congress, Dickinson College, Pennsylvania. from New Jersey, from 1793 to In 1836 he commenced the study 1795, having been a Delegate to of law, and graduated at the Uni- the Continental Congress, from 1783 versity of Virginia, as a student of to 1785. le died April 30, 1826, that profession, in 1838, and was aged seventy-seven years. licensed to practice in 1839. In 1847 he was elected a Representa- BEATTY, MARTIN. tive in Congress, and was a mem- He was a Representative in Conber of the Committee on the Mi. gress, from Kentucky, from 1833 litia; he declined a re-election at to 1835. the expiration of his term. In 1850 he was a member of the Reform BEATTY, WILLIAM. Convention of Virginia, and in 1857 He was born in Ireland, and was was elected to the State Senate, a Representative in Congress, from ~which position he now holds. Pennsylvania, from 1837 to 1841. BEALL, REZIN. BEAN, BENNING M. He was an officer in Wayne's He was born in New Hampshire, army, with Harrison and Van Rens- was a Representative in Congress, selaer; occupied various public sta- from 1833 to 1837, and was a memtions in Ohio, and was a member of ber of the Committee on AgriculCongress, from that State, from ture. 1813 to 1815, and died at Wooster, BEAUMONT, ANDREW. Ohio, February 20, 1843, aged He was born in Pennsylvania, seventy-three years. and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 BEARDSLEY, SAMUEL. to 1837, and died at Wilksbarre, He was a Representative in Con- Pennsylvania, in October, 1853. gress, from Oneida County, New York, from 1831 to 1836, and was BECKER, GEORGE L. Chairman of the Committee on the He is a Representative in ConJudiciary. He also held the offices gress, from Minnesota; elected to of State Senator in 1823, and As- the Thirty.fifth Congress. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 47 BEDINGER, GEORGE M. 1821, serving as a member of the He was an officer in the revolu- Committee on the Judiciary, and re-elected from 1823 to 1829. He tionary war, having served as addied at Lancaster, Ohio, Novemjutant in the expedition against h er 30, 1839, aged sixty-four years. Chillicothe, in 17~9, and as a major at the battle of Blue Licks, in BEEKMAN, THOMAS. 1782; he was one of the earliest 1782; he was one of the earliest He was a Representative in Conemigrants into the State of Kengress, from New York, from 1829 tucky; was a member of the Ken- to1831. tucky Legislature in 1792, and a Representative in Congress, from BEESON, HENRY W. 1803 to 1807.. He spent the close He was born in Pennsylvania, of his life in retirement, and died and was a Representative in Conat an advanced age. gress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843. BEDINGER, HENRY. BELCER, IRA BELCHER, HIRAM. He was born in Virginia; re- He was born in Maine, and was ceived a classical education; adopt- a Representative in Congress, from ed the profession of law; and was State, from 1847 to 1849. a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1845 to 1849, where BELCHER, NATHAN. he was distinguished for his elo- Born in Griswold, Connecticnt, quence as a debater. In 1853 he June 23, 1813; graduated at Amwas appointed Charg6 d'Affaires to herst College in 1832; studied law Denmark, and returned home in the with Samuel Ingham, of Essex, and autumn of 1858. A few weeks after at the Cambridge Law School; was his return he partook of a compli- admitted to the bar in 1836; and mentary dinner tendered to him by -practiced at Clinton, Connecticut, his fellow-citizens of all parties; he until 1841, when he removed to died of pneumonia, at Shepherds- New London, relinquished the practown, Virginia, November 26, 1858. tice of law, and engaged in manuDuring his residence in Denmark, he fa.cturing. He was a member of was successful in bringing about the the House of Representatives of treaty abolishing the Sound Dues. Connecticut in 1846 and 1847, and of the State Senate in 1850, and a BEECHER, PHILEMON. Representative in Congress, from Born in New Haven, Connecti- 1853 to 1855. cut; he was an able lawyer, and one of the early settlers of Ohio, to BELDEN, GEORGE O. which he emigrated from Connecti- He was a Representative in Concut. He was a Representative in gress, from New York, from 1827 Congress, from Ohio, from 1817 to to 1829. 48 BIOGRAPH ICAL S KE T CH E S. BELL, HIRAM. devoted the next ten years of his He was born in Vermont, and. life wholly to his profession; in was a Representative in Congress, 1827-he was elected a Representafrom Ohio, from 1852 to 1853. tive in Congress, and continued to be re-elected until.1841, officiating BELL, JAMES. during one term as Speaker; in Born November 13, 1804, in 1841 he accepted a seat in President Harrison's cabinet as Secre — Francestown, Itillsborough County, New Hampshire; graduated at tary of War, which post he resigned New Hampshire; graduated at in five months after the accession Bowdoin College in 1822; studied law, and completed his course at of President Tyler; in 1841 he acLitchfield; was admitted to the cepted a seat in the House of Re-. bar in 1825, and commenced'to presentatives of Tennessee, but bepractice at G~ilmanton;, removed fore the close of the year he was. to Exeter, and thence to Gilford; elected to theUnited States Senate, and for many years held a G dis- and was re-elected in 1852, serving, tinguished rank in his profession. from time to time, as chairman of important committees. In 1846 he was elected to the Legislature, and was a member of the Constitutional Convention of BELL, JOHN. the State in 1850. He was elected He was a Representative in ConUnited States Senator, in Juhe, gress, from Ohio, from 1850 to 1855, for six years;' and'died in 1851. Laconia, New Hampshire, May 26,,BELL, JOSHUA F. 1857, whither he had gone from Washington' to recruit his health. He was born in Kentucky, and elected a Representative in ConBELL, JAMES TM. gress, from that State, from 1845 He was born-in Ohio, and was a' to 1847, serving as a member of Representative in Congress, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, that State, from 1833 to 1835. and declined a re-election. He is a lawyer,'and distinguished in the BELL, JOHN. West as an orator. He was born near Nashville, Tennessee, February 15, 1797. He BELL, PETER II. commenced -his studies at Cumber- He was born in Virginia, and land College, now the Nashville was a Representative in Congress, University, and graduated at the from Texas, from 1853 to' 1857. latter in 1814; he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1816. BELL, SAIUEL. In 1817 he was elected to the State' Born in 1769, and died at ChesSenate; declined a re-election, and ter, New HIamsphire, December 23, BIO GRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 49 1850. He was a graduate of Dart- ber 29, 1808; studied law, and was mouth College in 1793; a Judge admitted to the bar in 1832; and of the Supreme Court of New having been elected to Congress as Hampshire, from 1816 to 1819; a Representative from that State Governor of the State, from 1819 in 1848, has continued to be reto 1823; and a Senator in Congress, elected until the present time, so from 1823 to 1835, serving as a that at the end of the Thirty-fifth member of the Committees on Fo- Congress he will have served in reign Affairs and Claims, and offi- that capacity continuously, the peciating' as Chairman of the latter riod of ten years. During the during the Twenty-third Congress. Thirty-fourth Congress he was Chairman of the Committee on BELLINGER, JOSEPH. Public Lands, and reported a numHe was a Representative in Con- ber of important bills for the benegress, from South Carolina, from fit of the Western States, and during 1817 to 1819. the present Congress he has served as a member of the same committee. BELSER, JAMES E. He was born in South Carolina, BENNETT, H. S. and was a Representative in Con- Born in Williamson County, Tengress, from Alabama, from 1845 to nessee, March 7, 1807; received 1847. a limited education; studied law, and began to, practice in 1830, BENJAMIN, J. P. BENJAMIN, J. P. when he removed to Mississippi, He is a lawyer by profession; and where he held the office of circuit was elected a Senator in Congress, judge for eight years, and of which from Louisiana, to serve from 1853 State he was a Representative in to 1859, and he is Chairman of the Congress during the Thirty-fourth Committee on Private Land Claims, Congress. Of late years he has and a member of the Committees been devoted to planting. on the Judiciary and on Commerce. BENSON, EGBERT. BENNET, BENJAMIN. BENNET, BENJAMIN. lHe was eminent as a statesman Born in 1762; was a Baptist and jurist, and died at Jamaica, minister, and a Representative in New York, in August, 1833, in the Congress, from New Jersey, from eighty-seventh year of his age. He 1815 to 1819. He died at Middle- was a Representative in Congress, town, New Jersey, October 8, 1840. from New York, from 1789 to 1793, taking an active part in its deliberaBENNET, HENRY. tions. Hle had previously served He was born in New Lisbon, Ot- as a delegate in the Continental sego County, New York, Septem- Congress from 1784 to 1788. He 4 50 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. was a graduate of Columbia Col- wards emigrated to St. Louis, Mislege in 1765, and received literary souri, where he connected himself honors from Harvard University in with the press as the editor of a 1808, and from Dartmouth in 1811. newspaper, the Missouri Argus. In 1820 he was elected a member BENSON, SAMUEL P. of the United States Senate, serving He was born in the town of Win- as chairman of many important throp, Maine; graduated at Bow- conimmittees, and remained in that doin College in 1825; and was body till the session of 1851, at elected a Representative in Con- which time he failed of re-election. gress, from that State, in 1853, and As Missouri was not admitted into was re-elected to the Thirty-fourth the Union till August 10, 1821, Congress, when he served as Chair- more than a year of Mr. Benton's man of the Committee on Naval first term of service expired before Affairs. He is at the present time he took his seat. He occupied himone of the overseers of Bowdoin self during thisinterval before taking College his seat in Congress in acquiring a knowledge of the language and liteBENTON, CHARLES S. rature of Spain. Immediately after He was born in Maine, and was a he appeared in the Senate lie took Representative in Congress, from a prominent part in the deliberaNew York, from 1843 to 1849. tions of that body, and rapidly rose to eminence and distinction. Few BENTON, SIAMUEL. public measures were discussed beHe was a Representative in Con- tween the years 1821 and 1851 that gress, from South Carolina, from he did not participate in largely, 1793 to 1798. and the influence he wielded was always felt and confessed by the BENTON, THOMAS HART. country. He was one of the chief He was born in Hillsborough, props and supporters of the adminNorth Carolina, March 14, 1782, istrations of Presidents Jackson and educated at Chapel Hill Col- and Van Buren. The people of lege. He left that institution with- Missouri long clung to him as their out receiving a degree, and forth- apostle and leader; and it required with commenced the study of law persevering effort to defeat him. in William and Mary College, VTir- But he had served them during the ginia, under Mr. St. George Tucker. entire period of thirty years withIn 1810 he entered the United out interruption, and others, who States army, but soon resigned his aspired to honors he enjoyed, becommission of lieutenant-colonel, came impatient for an opportunity and in 1811 was at Nashville, Ten- to supplant him. His defeat was nessee, where he commenced the the consequence. Colonel Benton practice of the law. He soon after- was distinguished for his learning, B I O GR A P H ICAL SKETC H E S. 51 iron will, practicalmind, and strong cuit. During the war of 1812 he memory. As a public speaker he had command of a regiment of volwas not interesting or calculated to unteer cavalry, and served in the produce an effect on the passions of State Legislature for several years. an audience, but his speeches were In 1824 he was elected to the United read with avidity, always producing States Senate, where he remained a decided influence. He was elected until 1829, when he took a seat in a Representative in the Thirty- the cabinet of President Jackson as third Congress for the District of Attorney-General. For a while St. Louis, and on his retirement afterwards he held various positions from public life devoted himself to of responsibility in Georgia, and in the preparation of a valuable regis- 1840 was again elected to the United ter of the debates in Congress, upon States Senate for six years, taking which he labored until his death, an active part in all leading meawhich occurred in Washington on sures, and officiating most of the the 10th of April, 1858, of cancer time as Chairman of the Judiciary in the stomach. Committee. In 1845 he was elected one of the judges of the Supreme BERGEN, JOHN T. Court of Georgia, and in 1847 was Hewas a Representative in Con- once more elected to the United gress, from New York, from 1831 States Senate, resigning his seat to 1833. in May, 1852. On his return to Georgia, he still continued, in BERNHISEL, JOHN M. various ways, to promote the public Born in Cumnberland County, good, and he died at Savannah, Pennsylvania, June 23, 1799; gra- January 1, 1856, universally laduated in the medical department mented. He was undoubtedly, ore of Pennsylvania University; en- of the best, most distinguished, and gaged in the practice of medicine; high-minded statesmen of the counand was elected a Delegate to the try. Thirty-fifth Congress, from the Ter- BETHUNE, LAUGHLIN. ritory of Utah. A native of North Carolina, for several years a Senator in the State BERRIEN. JOHN McP. Legislature, and from 1831 to 1833 Born in New Jersey, August 23, a Representative in Congress, from 1781, but when a child removed Cumberland County, serving as a with his father to Georgia. He member of the Committee on Elecgraduated at Princeton in his fif- tions. teenth year, and was admitted to the bar in 1799. In 1809 he was BETTON, SILAS. elected Solicitor-General, and the He graduated at Dartmouth Colnext year Judge of the Eastern Cir- lege in 1787; was a Representa 52 BIoG RAPHICAL SK ETChES. tive in Congress, from. New Hamp- BIBB, WILLIAM W. shire, from 1803 to 1807; and died Died at his residence in Fort IDied at his residence, in Fort in 1822, aged fifty-eight years. Jackson, Alabama, July 9, 1820, aged thirty-nine years. He was a BETTS, SAMUEL R. Representative from Georgia, in the He was a Representative in Con- Thirteenth Congress, and was apgress, from New York, from 1815 pointed in 1817 Governor of the to 1817. Territory of Alabama. IHe was elected first Governor, under the BETTS, THADDEUS. constitution of that State, in 1819. He was born in Norwalk, Connecticut; graduated at Yale Col- BIBIGHAUS, THOMAS M. lege in 1807, and acquired great Born in Pennsylvania in 1816; distinction as a lawyer. He was and was a Representative in Conat one time Lieutenant-Governor of gress, from that State, from 1851 to Connecticut, and an influential memn- the time of his death, which occurred ber of the United States Senate, in Lebanon, Pennsylvania, June 18, from 1839 to the date of his death, 1853. April 7, 1840. He was greatly respected for his talents and character. He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1837 BIBB, GEORGE M. to 1839; having been in the AsHe was born in Virginia; gra- sembly of the State in 1812, and a duated at Princeton College in State Senator from 1815 to 1818. 1792; studied law and settled in Kentucky. He was three times elected Chief Justice of Kentucky; Ie was born in Philadelphia; was in the State Senate two years; was an officer in the war of 1812, held the position of Chancellor of acquitting himself with bravery, the Chancery Court of Louisville; and was a Delegate to Congress, was Secretary of the Treasury under from the Territory of Michigan, President Tyler; since which time from 1829 to 1831, when he was he has practiced his profession in appointed Register of the Land the City of Washington, and acted Office, at Detroit, Michigan. For as an assistant in the office of the some years past he has been travelAttorney-General of the United ing in Europe. States. His services in Congress were rendered as a Senator, from BIDDLE, RICHARD. 1811 to 1814, and again from 1829 Hle was a brother of Nicholas to 1835. Biddle, and a Representative in B Io GRAP nICAr S K ETC HES. 53 Congress, from Western Pennsyl- BIGELOW, LEWIS. vania, from 1837 to 1841, and died Born in Massachusetts in 1783; at Pittsburg, July'7, 1847. was a Representative in Congress, from his native State, from 1821 to BIDLACK, BENJAMIN A. 1823; was the author of the " DiHe was born in Pennsylvania; gest of the first twelve volumes of and was a Representative in Con- Massachusetts Reports;" and, regress, from Pennsylvania, from 1841 moving to Peoria, Illinois, became to 1845; and died at Bogota, Feb- clerk of the County Court there, ruary, 29, 1849, to which country and died in October, 1838. he had been appointed Charge d'Affaires, immediately after leav- BIGGS, ASA. ingr Congress. Born in Williamstown, Martin County, North Carolina, Fiebruary BIDWELL, BARNABS. 4, 1811. He was educated at an He graduated at Yale College in academy, served as a merchant's 1785; received the degree of LL.D. clerk, studied law, and was admitted from that institution; and was a to the bar in 1831. In 1835 he Representative in Congress, from was elected a member of the ConMassachusetts, from 1805 to 1807. stitutional Convention of that He died in 1833. State; in 1840, 1842 and 1844, he was elected to the State LegislaBIGELOW, ABIJAH. ture; he was chosen a member of Born in Westminster, Worcester the Twenty-ninth Congress; in County, Massachusetts, December 1850 he was one of three Commis5, 1775. He graduated at Dart- sioners, appointed to revise the stamouth College in 1795; studied tutes of the State; in 1854 he went law and was admitted to practice a second time into the State Sein 1798; was town clerk of Leomin- nate; and he was elected a Senator ster for five years; served two years in Congress, in 1854, for six years, as a member of the General Court but resigned May 3, 1858, for the of Massachusetts; and was a Repre- appointment of Judge of the United sentative in Congress, from 1810 to States District Court of North Ca1815. In 1838 he was appointed rolina, conferred upon him by Prea master in chancery, for Worces- sident Buchanan. He was a member ter County; from 1817 to 1833, he of the Committees on Finance and was clerk of the County Court of on Private Land Claims. Worcester; at one time treasurer and trustee of Leicester Academy; BIGLER, WILLIAM. and has held the minor office of jus- Born at Shermansburg, Cumbertice of the peace, for about fifty land County, Pennsylvania, in Deyears. cember, 1814. He received a mode 54 3BIOGRAP HICAL SKETCHES. rate school education, and instead to 1815, and again from 1819 to of a college, graduated in a print- 1820. ing-office; by his own personal efforts, he established and for several BINGHAM, JOHN A. years carried on, entirely unaided, He was born in Pennsylvania in the Clearfield Democrat; dispos- 1815; received an academical eduing of his paper, he devoted him- cation; spent two years in a printself for a time to mercantile pur- ing-office; entered Franklin Colsuits and politics; in 1841 he was lege, in Ohio, but his health elected to the State Convention, prevented him from graduating; and was a member of the State he studied law in Ohio, and was Senate, part of the time Speaker, admitted to the bar in 1840; from up to 1847; in 1851 he was elected 1845 to 1849 he was Attorney for Governor of Pennsylvania; subse- the State in Tuscarawas County; quently became President of the and in 1854 he was elected a ReprePhiladelphia and Erie Railroad sentative in the Thirty-fourth ConCompany; and in 1855 was elected gress, and re-elected to the Thirtya Senator in Congress, where he fifth Congress. During his first still continues, serving on the Coin- term, he was a member of the Committees on Commerce, Post-offices mittee on Elections, and made a reand Post-roads, and Engrossed port on the Illinois contested cases, Bills. which was adopted by the House, and at the present time he is a BILLINGHURST, CHARLES. member of the Committee on ExHe was born in Brighton, Mon- penditures in the State Department. roe County, New York, July 27, He has also been re-elected to the 1818; adopted the profession of Thirty-sixth Congress. law, and, after practicing a few years, removed to Wisconsin in 1847, and was a member of the first Legislature of that State in 1848; He was born at Camillus, Ononwas a Presidential Elector in 1852; daga County, New York, December and was elected a Representative 16, 1808; received a fair academic to the Thirty-fourth Congress from education; spent three years in the Wisconsin, and was re-elected to office of a lawyer as clerk; emithe Thirty-fifth Congress, serving grated to Michigan in 1833, and as a member of the Judiciary Com- settled upon a farm; he was elected mnittee. He has also been re-elected to the Michigan Legislature in 1837, to the Thirty-sixth Congress. and was five years a member of that body; three years elected Speaker; BINES, THOMAS. he was a Representative in ConHe was a Representative in Con- gress, from Michigan, from 1849 to gress, from New Jersey, from 1814 1851, and served on the Committee BIO G RAPII CAL S K ETCHES. 55 on Commerce; and was elected BIRD, JOHN. Governor of Michigan in 1854 and A native of Litchfield, Connecti1856, and is still in that position. cut; afterwards settled in Troy, He has also held in other years the New York; and was early distinoffices of Postmaster, Supervisor, guished at the bar of that State, Prosecuting Attorney, Judge of and in the Legislature. He was a Probate, and Brigadier-General of Representative in Congress from Militia. 1799 to 1801, BIRDSALL, AUSBURN. BINGHAM, WILLIAMI. BINGH1A., WILLIAM. lHe was born in New York, and He graduated at the College of was a Representative in Congress, Philadelphia in 1768, and he was from that State, from 1847 to 1849. agent for this country at Martinique during the Revolution. In 1786 BIRDSALL, JAMES. he was a Delegate to the Continen- He was a Representative in Contal Congress from Pennsylvania, gress, from New York, from. 1815 and was elected a Senator in Con- to 1817, and a member of the Asgress in 1795. He died at Bath, sembly of that State in 1837. England, February 7, 1804, aged o,,BIRDSALL. SAMUEL. fifty-two years. fHe was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1837 BINNEY, HORACE. to 1839. IHe was born in Philadelphia, BIRDSEYE, VICTORY. Pennsylvania, January 4, 1780; He was a Representative in Congraduated at Harvard University gress, from New York, from 1815 in 1797; and was educated a law- to 1817, and again from 1841 to yer. He was a Director of the old 1843; a delegate to the State ConUnited States Bank, and one of the stitutional Convention of 1821; and trustees to whom its affairs were a State Senator in 1828 anld 1829. intrusted when it was wound up. lie was a member of the Pennsyl- BIRNE, ANDREW. vania Legislature in 1806-7, and He was a native of Ireland, and declined a re-election; and a Re- on becoming a citizen of Virginia, presentative in Congress, from Penn- was elected a Representative in sylvania, from 1833 to 1835; and Congress from 1837 to 1841. was a member of the Committee on Ways and Means, and again de- BISHOP, PTIANUEL. dined a re-election. In 1827 the He was a Representative in Condegree of LL.D. was conferred gress, from Massachusetts, from upon him by Harvard University. 1.799 to 1807. 56 6 I O BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. BISHOP, SAMUEL. nor of Illinois for four years, to the EHe was born in New Jersey, and duties of which office he is devoting his undivided attention. was a Representative in Congress, his undivided attention. from that State, from 1855 to 1857. BLACK, EDWARD J. BISHOP, WILLIAM D. Born in Beaufort, South CaroHe was born in Bloomfield, New lina, in 1806. Hle never attended Jersey, September 14, 1827; gradu- college, but read law, and was adated at Yale College in 1849; stu- mitted to the bar of Augusta, Geordied law as a profession, but soon gia, in 1827. He commenced his engaged almost exclusively in rail- public life by going into the State road business, having for several Legislature, where he served for years been President of the Nauga- several years, and was elected a RIetuck Railroad Company. He was presentativein Congress, from GOeorelected a Representative to the gia, in 1838, remaining there until Thirty-fifth Congress, from Connec- 1845. He died in Barnwell Disticut, and is Chairman of the Com- trict, South Carolina, whither he mittee on Manufactures. had gone for change of scene in 1849. BISSELL, WILLIAM H. Born in Hartwick, Otsego Coun- JAMES. ty, New York, April 25, 1811.- He He was born in Pennsylvania, was self-educated, attending school and was a Representative in Conin the summer, and teaching school gress, from that State, from 1843 in the winter; he studied medicine, to 1847. and graduated in 1834 at the Medical College in Philadelphia; he re- BLACK, JAMES A. moved to Illinois, and after prac- He was born in South Carolina, ticing his profession until 1840, and was a Representative in Conwas elected to the State Legisla- gress, from that State, from 1843 ture; he studied law, and was ad- to 1847. mitted to the bar of Illinois; after practicing with success, he was, in BLACK, JOIN. 1844, elected a Prosecuting Attor- He was at one time a resident of ney; he served with distinction in Louisiana, but removing to Missisthe Mexican war, and especially at sippi, was elected a Senator in ConBuena Vista, as captain of the 2d gress, from 1834 to 1838, officiating Regiment Illinois volunteers; he as Chairman of the Committee on was a Representative in Congress, Private Land Claims during the fr'om Illinois, from 1849 to 1855; first term. He died in Winchester, and in 1856 he was elected Gover- Virginia, August 29, 1854. BIOGRAPHICAL S KETCHES. 57 BLACKLEDGE, WILLIAM. Princeton College; is a lawyer by Presumed to have been the father profession; was a member of the of the following. -l~e was for seve- Missouri Legislature in 1852 and 1854; and is a Representative in ral years a member of the General 1854; and is a Representative in the Thirty-fifth Congress. He is a Assembly of North Carolina, and member of the Committee on Priserved that State as IRepresentative in Congress, from 1803 to 1809, and from 1811 to 1813. BLAIR, JAMnES. BLACKLEDGE, WILLIAM S. He was a Representative in Congress from South CaroliIla from He was born in Pitt County gress, 1821 to 1822, and from 1829 to North Carolina; was a member of 1834. He died at Washington, by the General Assembly of Northh Carolina; and he was elected to Congress, from that State, for the BLAIR, JOHN. term, from 1821 to 1823. Died in Newbern, N\ortlh Carolina, Marwch HI:e was a Representative in Con21, 1857, aged sixty-four. gress, from Tennessee, from 1823 to 1837, and was a member of the ComBLACKMAR, ESBON. mittee on Military Affairs. He was a native of New York, BLAISDELL, DANIEL. and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1848 to 1849; He was a Representative in Conhe also served two years in the State gress, from New Hampshire, from Assembly, from Wayne County. 1808 to 1811. BLACKWELL, JULIUS W. BLAKE, JOHN. He was born in Virginia, and He was a native of New York, was a Representative in Congress, and a Representative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1839 to 1841, from that State, from 1805 to 1809, and again from 1843 to 1845. and was a member of the Assembly of that State in 1819. BLAIR, BARNARD. He was a native of New York, BLAKE, THOMAS H. and a Representative in Congress, -Ie was born in Calvert County, from that State, from 1841 to 1843, Maryland, June, 1792, and spent serving as a member of the Commit- his boyhood in Washington City. tee on Elections. IHe served at the battle of Bladensburg in 1814; was an early emigrant BLAIR, FRANK P., JR. to the State of JKentucky, and afterBorn in Lexington, Kentucky, wards to Indiana while a Territory; February 19, 1821; graduated at upon the formation of the State go 58 B I o G RAPH I CAL SKETCHES. vernment, he settled at Terre Haute; quitted the practice for the army, there practiced law, and served on and rose to the rank of colonel, and the bench of the Circuit Court, and had the command of a regiment of was District Attorney; and subse- dragoons. In 11'79, he had comquently engaged in mercantile pur- mand of the troops at Albemarle suits. He was, for many years, a barracks, and continued in that stamember of the State Legislature, tion till elected to a seat in Congress and a Representative in Congress, in 1780. He served in that body from Indiana, from 1827 to 1829. three years. He was then chosen Under President Tyler's adminis- a member of the Virginia Legislatration, he was Commissioner of the ture. He was a Representative in General Land Office, and, upon his the first Congress under the Constiresignation, was appointed Presi- tution, having voted for its adoption. dent of the Wabash and Erie Canal He died at New York, June 1, 1790, Company. He held this office at while attending a session of Conthe time of his death, having just gress, aged forty-eight. returned from England, where, as the financial agent of his State, he BLEDSOE, JESSE. had made satisfactory arrangements with its public creditors. He died He was at one time a distinat Cincinnati, while on his return guished advocate and jurist of Kenm fr~om ~W~ashington, November 28, tucky, and a Senator in Congress, 1849. from that State, from 1813 to 1815; he was also professor of law in the BLANCHARD, JOHN. Univerity of Transylvania,and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Born in the County of Caledonia, entucky. He died at NacogdoVermont, September 30, 1787. He hes Texas June 30 1837. spent his boyhood on a farm; prepared himself for college, and gra-, BLEECIKER, tERMANUS. duated at Dartmouth in 1812; removed to Pennsylvania, and taught He was born at Albany, New school; read law, and was admitted York, in 1779, and died there, July to practice; and was a Representa- 19, 1849. He was a member of tive in Congress, from Pennsylvania, Congress, from 1811 to 1813, and, from 1845 to 1849. He died in by President Van Buren, was apColumbia, Lancaster County, March pointed, in 1839, Charge d'Affaires 8, 1849. at the Hague. BLAND, THEODORIC. BLISS, GEORGE. WVas a native of Virginia; he was He was born in Vermont, and was bred a physician, but upon the corn- a Representative in Congress, from mencement of the American war he 1853 to 1855. B IOG RAPHICAL SKETCHES. 59 BLISS, PHILEMON. Senate, but was expelled in 1797, Born in Canton, Connecticut, for having instigated the Creeks July 28, 1814; educated at Fair- and Cherokees to assist the British in conquering the Spanish territofield Academy, Oneida Institute, in conquering the Spanish territories, near the United States. He and Hamilton College, New York; is a lawyer by profession; removed died at Knoxville, March 10, 1810, awoed fifty-six. to Ohio, and was elected President fifty-six. Judge of the Fourteenth Circuit BLOUNT, WILLIAM G. Court, and, in 1854, a Representative to the Thirty-fourth Congress, He was a Representative in Conand re-elected to the Thirty-fifth gress, from Tennessee, from 1815 to Congress. He is a member of the 1819. Committee on Manufactures. BOARDMAN, ELIJAH. BLOODWORTH, TIMOTHY. Born in New Milford, ConnectiHe was born in North Carolina cut, March 7, 1760; and became a and was a Representative in Con- successful merchant. -He was fregress, from North Carolina, in 1790 quently a member of the Legislaand 1791, and a Senator of the Uni- ture, member of the Council, and a ted States, from 1795 to 1801. He Senator in Congress, from 1821 to died August 24, 1814. 1823. He died in Boardman, Ohio, October 8, 1823. BLOOMFIELD, JOSEPH. He was born in Burlington, New BOARDMAN, WILLIAM W. Jersey, and elected a Representative He was born in New Milford, in Congress, from that State, from Connecticut, October 10, 1774; 1817 to 1821, officiating as Chair- graduated at Yale College in 1812; man of a Select Committee on Re- studied law at Litchfield and Camvolutionary Pensions, during the bridge, and practiced with success; last term. was at one time Judge of Probate; for several years in the State LegisBS~LOUNT, WILLItAM. lature, and Speaker of the House; He was a Delegate to the Con- and a Representative in Congress, tinental Congress in 1782, 1783, from Connecticut, from 1841 to 1786, and 1787, from North Caro- 1843. lina; and was Governor of the territory south of the Ohio, having BOCKEE, ABRAHAM. been appointed to that office in 17 90. He was born in New York, and In 1796, he was chosen president of was a Representative in Congress, the Convention of Tennessee. He from that State, from 1829 to 1831, was elected, the same year, by that and again from 1833 to 1837; he State, to a seat in the United States subsequently served four years in 60 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH E S. the Senate and one year in the As- BOND, SHADRACH. sembly of the State of New York. He was elected a Delegate to In 1822 lhe was Collector of Cus- Congress, from the Territory of toms at the port of New York. Illinois, from 1811 to 1815; and was the first Governor under the State BOCOCK, THOMAS S. Constitution. In 1814 was apHe was born in Buckingham pointed Receiver of Public Moneys Connty, Virginia, in 1815; gradu- in Kaskaskia, Illinois. He died at ated at Hampden. Sidney College; Klaskaskia, April 13, 1832. adopted the profession of law; was Commonwealth Attorney for the BOND, WILLIAM K. County of Appomattox, in 1.845 He was born in Maryland, and and 1846; for several'sessions a was a Representative in Congress, member of the Virginia House of from Ohio, from 1835 to 1841. Delegates; and has been a Representative in Congress, from 1847 BONHAM, MILLEDGE L. to the present time, serving, of late He was born in South Carolina; years, as Chairmlzan of the Comn- graduated at the College of that nmittee on Naval Aff&airs. jState, in 1834; is a lawyer by profession; and was elected a RepreBODEN, ALEXANDER. sentative to the Thirty-fifth ConHe was born in Carlisle, Penn- gress, from his native State; and is sylvania, and was a Representative a member of the Committee on in Congress, from that State, from B Military Affairs. IHe has been 181 z to 1821. re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress. BODLE, CHARLES. BOON, RATLIFF He was a Representative in Con- e was born in North Carolina Hie was born in [North Carolna, gress, from [New York, from 1533 in 1781, and was a Representative to 1835, and died in [New York in Congress, from Indiana, from 1825 City, in 1836. to 1827, and again, from 1829 to 1839, officiatingr as Chairman of the nBOKEE, DAVID iA. Committee on Public Lands, durHe was born in New York, Oc- ing the Twenty-fourth Congress. tober 6, 1805; was a Representa- He died in Louisiana, November tive in Congress, from New York, 20, 1844. from 1849 to 1851, serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs; and BOOTH, WALTER. his last public position was that of Born in Woodbridge, New HaNaval Officer of the port of New yen County, Connecticut, DecemYork, under President Fillmore. ber 8, 1791, and after receiving a B I OGRAPHICAL S IETC E S. 61 good school education in New Ha- rica. He also received, from Preven, he settled in the town of Meri- sident Pierce, the appointment of,den, where he still resides. Ite was Governor of the Territory of New for several years a merchant and Mexico, but declined. manufacturer, and for eighteen years President of the Meriden Bank; BORST, PETER J. he has been a member of the Gene- He was a Representative in Conral Assembly and State Senate; gress, from the County of Schohaand, in 1834, was Associate Judge rie, New York, from 1829 to 1831, of the County Court. He was ma- and was a member of the Commitjor-general of militia, and elected tee on Expenditures in the Posta member of the Thirty-first Con- office Department. gress, serving on the Committee of Public Expenditures. IHe has since BOSS, JOHN L. been engaged in agricultural pur- He was a Representative in Consuits. gress, from Rhode Island, from 1815 to 1819. BORDEN, NATHANIEL B. He was born in Massachusetts, BOSSIER, PETER E. and was a Representative in Con- IIe was descended from an old gress, from the Fall River District, French family of Louisiana, and, in that State, from 1835 to 1839, after serving ten years in the State and again, from 1841 to 1843, and Senate, he was elected a member of was a member of the Committees on the Twenty-eighth Congress, and Elections and on Territories. died in Washington before the expiration of his term, April 24, 1844. BORLAND, CHARLES. He was a member of the New OTTS, JOHN M. York Assembly in 1820; a Repre- Born in Dumfiies, Prince Wilsentative in Congress, from that liam County, Virginia, September State, from 1821 to 1823; and was 16, 1802, but removed with his faagain elected to the Assembly, in ther to Fredericksburg, and subse1836. quently to Richmond. In 1811 he lost his parents, at the conflagration BORLAND, SOLON. of the Richmond theatre, and was He was born in Virginia; was sent to a boarding-school. At eigheducated in Nortlh Carolina; served teen he was admitted to the bar, in the war with Mexico, as a vol- practiced for six years, and then reunteer; was a Senator in Congress, tired to a farm in Htenrico County. from Arkansas, fiom 1848 to 1853, Ie served in the Legislature, from and was appointed, by President 1833 to 1839, when he was elected Pierce, Minister to Central Ame- a Representative in Congress, and 62 B IO GRAPHICAL SKETCHES. occupied that position until 1843; made munificent donations. to vawas re-elected to the Thirtieth Con- rious charitable and theological ingress, and was Chairman of the stitutions. The American Bible Committee on Military Affairs. He Society, of which he became Presiafterwards resumed the practice of dent, was particularly an object of his profession in Richmond, where his bounty. He died in 1824. he now resides. BOULDIN, JAMES W. BOUCK, JOSEPH. He was a Representative in ConHe was born in New York, and gress, from Virginia, from 1833 to was a Representative in Congress, 1839. from that State, from 1831 to 1833, serving on the Committee on Im-BOULDIN, THOMAS T. prisonment for Debt. He was a member of Congress, from Virginia, from 1829 to 1833, BOUDE, THOMAS. and died in the Capitol, at WashHe was a Representative in Con. ington, February 11, 1834. On the gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1801 day preceding his death he was to 1803. 1 censured by a colleague for omitting to call the attention of the House BOUDINOT, ELIAS. to the death of his predecessor, John Was born in Philadelphia, May Randolph; and he had risen to re2, 1740. He studied the law and ply, when he was seized with parabecame eminent in that profession. lysis, sank down into a chair, and At an early period of the revolu- died immediately. Before entering tionary war, he was appointed, by Congress, he had been a lawyer of Congress, Commissary-General of high rank, and an able and upright prisoners. In the year 1777 he was judge, and highly respected for his chosen a member of Congress, and talents and integrity. in 1782, was made President of that body. After the adoption of the BOULIGNY, DOMINIQUE. Constitution, he entered the Hlouse He was born in Louisiana; was of Representatives, where he con- a lawyer by profession; was a Setinued for six years. He then suc- nator in Congress, from that State, ceeded Rittenhouse as Director of from 1824 to 1829; and died in the Mint of the United States, an 1833. office which he resigned in the course of a few years, and lived BOURNE, BENJ-AiIIN. from that time at Burlington, New He was a native of Bristol, Rhode Jersey. He devoted himself ear- Island, and was born about the year nestly to Biblical literature, and, be- 1755, and educated at Harvard Coling possessed of an ample fortune, lege, where he graduated in 1775. BIOGRAPlI CAL SKETCHES. 63 He was conspicuous for talents and BOWERS, JOHN M. learning, and spent a large part of I-le was a IRepresentative in Conhis life in public and honorable em- gress, from New York, from 1813 ployments. He was a Representa- to 1814. tive in Congress, from Rhode Isl- BOWIE, RICHARD I. and, from 1790 to 1796, when he He was born in Georgetown, He was born in Georgetown, resigned, and was appointed Judge District of Columbia, June 23, 1807. of the United States District Court i i He received a classical education,,of Rhode Island. IH-e died Sep- and was admitted to the bar in his tember 17, 1808. nineteenth vear, and, subsequently, BOURNE, SHEARJASUB. to practice in the Supreme Court He was a gracluate of Harvard of the United States. In 1836 and College in 1 764; was Chief Justice 1837 he was elected to the Legislaof the Court of Common Pleas for ture of Maryland; in 1840 he was Suffolk County, Massachusetts; andc a delegate to the Harrisburg Cona. Representative in Congress, from vention, called to nominate a Presi1791 to 1795. He died in 1806. dent; and he was a Representative in Congress, from 1849 to BOVEE, MATHEW J. 1853. It is claimed by his friends, He was born in New York, and that he made the first speech in the was a Representative in Congress, House of Representatives on the from that State, from 1835 to 1837, Compromise measures of 1850. serving on the Committee on Ex- BOWIE, THOMAS F. penditures in the War Department. Prince Born at Queen Ann, Prince BOWDON, FRANKLIN W. George's County, Maryland, April Born in Alabama, and was a Re- [ 1808; graduated, in 1837, at presentative in Congress, from 1846 Union College, New York; adopted to 1851, from his native State. In the profession of law; served as 1852 he removed to Texas, and en- DeputyAttorney-GeneralforPrince gaged in the practice of the law. George's County sixteen years; He died at Henderson, Texas, June served three terms in the Legisla6, 1857. ture of Maryland, and was elected a Representative, from Maryland, BOWEN, JOHN IT. in the Thirty-fourth and ThirtyHe was a Representative in Con- fifth Congresses. He is a member gress, from Tennessee, from 1813 of the Committee on the District of to 1815. Columbia. BOWER, GUSTAVUS B. BOWIE, WALTER. He was born in Virginia, and was He was a Representative in Cona Representative in Congress, from gress, from Maryland, from 1802 to Missouri, from 1843 to 1845. 1805. 64 B IoG RAPHICAL SKETCIHES. BOWLIN, JAMES B. present time, and he is a member Born in Spottsylvania County, of the Committee on Elections. His Born in Spottsylvania County, Virginia, in 1804. H-le was reared tastes are of a literary character, and he is said to be a hard stua mechanic, but obtained a common dent. He has been re-elected to school education; and, after study- the Thirty-xt Congress. the Thirty-sixth Congress. ing law, was admitted to the bar, in Greenbrier County, in 1827. In 1833 he removed to St. Louis, Mis- BOYD, ADAM. souri; in 1834 was appointed chief IHe was a Representative in Conclerk of the State House of Repre- gress, from New Jersey, from 1803 sentatives, and in 1835 was elected to 1805, and again from 1808 to a member of the Legislature. In 1813. 1837 he was made District Attorney for St. Louis; soon after BOYD, ALEXANDER. attorney for the Bank of St. Louis; HIe was a Representative in Conin 1839 he was elected Judge of the gress, from New York, from 1813 Criminal Court; and was a Repre- to 1815. sentative in Congress, from 1843 to 1851. In 1858 he was appointed, BOYD, JOHN H. by President Buchanan, Commis- He was born in New York, and sioner to Paraguay. was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. He was a member, in 1840, of the He was born in New York, and State Assembly, from Washington was a Representative in Congress, County. from that State, from 1851 to 1853. BOYD, LINN. BOWNE, SAMIUEL S. Wras born in Nashville, TennesHe was a member of the New see, November 22, 1800. His early York Assembly in 1834, and a Re- advantages were limited, but on presentative in Congress, from that arriving at man's estate he entered State, from 1841 to 1843. into politics, and in 1827 was elected to the Legislature of TenBOIYCE, WILLIAM W. nessee, from Calloway County, Born in Charleston, South Caro- serving three sessions, and in 1831 lina, October 24, 1819, and was was re-elected for another session, educated at the South Carolina from Trigg County. -le was a College, and Virginia University; Representative in Congress, from he is a lawyer by profession; was a 1835 to 1837, from. 1839 to 1847, member of the Legislature of South and again from 1847 to 1855; he Carolina, and has been a Represen- was Chairman of the Committee on tative in Congress, from 1853 to the Territories during the Thirty-first BIO G RAP H I CAL SKETCHES. 65 Congress; and during his last term BRACE, JONATHAN. in Congress occupied the chair of He was born in Harrington, ConSpealker of the House of'Rdepre- necticut, November 12, 1754, and sentatives. During his career in died at Hartford, Connecticut, AuCongress he labored faithfully and gust 26, 1837. He was a graduate constantly for his constituents, and of Yale College in 1779, and was retired to private life with a high elected a Judge of Probate, Chief reputation. Judge of the Hartford County BOYDEN, NATHANIEL. Court, and a Representative in Born in Franklin Township, Mas- Congress, from 1798 to 1800. He sachusetts, August 16, 1796; he was also frequently in the State Legraduated at'Union College, New gislature, at one time States' AttorYork, in 1820; in 1821 removed ney for Hartford County, and for to North Carolina. There he taught nine years Mayor of Hartford. school, studied law, and was elected BRADBURY, GEORGE. a number of times to the State Was born in Putland, then called Legislature. He was in Congress Falmnouth, Massachusetts, in 1770. as a Representative, from 1847 to He graduatedatHarvardCollegein 1849, and was a member of the 1789, and immediately commenced Committee on Expenditures in the the study of law. e established Navy Department; he declined a himself in the practice at Putland. re-election, for the purpose of de- In 1812 he was chosen to represent voting his whole attention to the the Cumberland District in Conpractice of his profession. gress, as successor to William Widgffery, whose vote on, and support of BOYLE, JOHN. t war measures, rendered him unHe was born in Kentucky, liber- popular with his constituents. Mr. ally educated, and a lawyer by pro- Bradbury received the approbation fession. He was a Judge of the of asecond election in 1814. After Supreme Court of Kentucky, also this service he returned to his proChief Justice of the State; and a fession which he pursued to the Representative in Congress, from time of his death, which took place 1803 to 1809, when he was appoint- November 27, 1823. ed Governor of Illinois Territory. He was a distinguished and success- BRADBURY, JOHN W. ful lawyer and able judge, and died He was born in Maine; graduin Kentucky, January 28, 1834. ated at Bowdoin College in 1825; During the eight years immediately adopted the profession of law; and preceding his death, he was Judge was a Senator in Congress, from of the United States District Court Maine, from 1847 to 1853, serving for Kentucky, having been appoint- as Chairman of the Committee on ed by President Adams. Printing. 5 66 B I o G RAPII I CAL SKETCHES. BRADBURY, THEOPHILUS. when that officer fell in a skirmish Wlas born in that portion of New- with the enemy. He was a lawyer bury, now Newburyport, in 1739. by profession, and the first Senator Having graduated at Harvard Uni- from Vermont in the Congress of versity at the age of eighteen, he the United States, serving from then studied law, and practiced in 1791 to 1795, and from 1801 to Falrmouth, IMaine, until 1779, when 1813; a man of eminent ability, but he returned to his native town. of eccentric habits; and died in New After filling several local offices, he Hampshire, December 16, 1830, was chosen to represent the Essex aged seventy-six years. District in Congress, from 1795 to i1797. About six years before his death, which occurred September 6, BRADLEY, WILLIAM C. 1803, he was appointed a Judge of Born at Westminster, Vermont, the Supreme Court of Massachn- March 23, 1782. He entered Yale setts. College, and was compelled to leave when a freshman, in 1796, and yet BRADFORD, WILLIAM. in 1817, the Corporation of the InWas born at Plymton, Massachu- stitution surprised him with the desetts, November 4, 1729. He stu- gree of M.A. He studied law with died medicine, and established him- his father, Stephen Rl. Bradley, and self in practice at Warren, Rhode was admitted to the bar in 1802. Island, but afterwards removed to The public positions held by him Bristol. He then turned his atten- are as follows:-From 1800 to tion to the law, and became one of 1803, Secretary of Commissioners the most distinguished civilians of of Bankruptcy; from 1804 to 1811, the State. He took an active part States Attorney for Windham Counin the cause of his country during ty, and part of this period Clerk of the Revolution, and afterwards held Westminster; in 1806-7, Repremany important stations. He was sentative in the State Legislature; Lieutenant-Governbr of the State, in 1812, member of the State Counand a member of the United States cil; a Representative in Congress, Senate, from 1793 to 1797. He from 1813 to 1815; from 1817 to died July 6, 1808. 1822, agent of the United States under the Treaty of Ghent; again BRADLEY, STEPHEN R. in Congress, from 1823 to 1827; in 1850 again in the State Legislature; He was born in Connecticut, and in 1856 a Presidential Elector; in graduated at Yale College in 1775. 1857 a member of the State ConstiHe was a general of militia, the in- tutional Convention; and in 1858 timate friend of General Ethan Al- took formal leave of the bar, at ien, and the aid of General Wooster which he had practiced for fifty-four B I OGRAPHICAL S KETCHES. 67 years, conferring honor upon his na- in Congress as Representative; in tive State and winning a spotless 1834 was again elected to the State reputation as a man. Senate; in 1835 elected a member of the Convention to revise the BRADSHAW, SAMUEL C. State Constitution; and in 1843 He was born in Plumstead Town- was appointed Governor of the ship, Bucks County Pennsylvania, Territory of Florida, after which he June 10, 1809; received a common retired to private life, to enjoy in school education; studied medicine, peace the love and respect of his and graduated at the Pennsylvania many friends. 3Iedical College in 1833; and was a Representative, from his native BRANCH, LAWRENCE 0. B. State, to the Thirty-fourth Con- Born in North Carolina in 1820; gress. graduated at Princeton College in 1838; is a lawyer by profession; BRADY, JASPER E. and was elected a Representative, He was born in New Jersey, and from North Carolina, to the Thirtywas a Representative in Congress, fourth, and re-elected to the Thirtyfrom that State, from 1847 to 1849. fifth Congress. He is a member of the Committee on Territories. BRAGG, JOHN. He was born in North Carolina, BRAYTON, WILLIAM D. and was a Representative in Con- He was born in Warwick, Kent gress, from Alabama, from 1851 to County, Rhode Island, November 1853. 6, 1815. He was educated at Brown University, and ill health BRAN~CH, JOHN. preventing him from following a seBorn in Halifax County, North dentary profession, he entered into Carolina, November 4, 1782; gra- active mercantile pursuits; he held duated at the University of North the position for some time of town Carolina in 1801; studied and prac- clerk; was elected in 1841 to the ticed law; in 1811 was elected a State Assembly, serving two terms; State Senator; re-elected every after serving for two years in the year until 1817; was then elected Town Councils, part of the time as Governor of the State; again en- president, he was in 1848 elected to tered the State Senate in 1822; the State Senate; again elected to served in the United States Senate the State Assembly in 1851; elecfrom 1823 to 1829; and was in the ted a second time to the Senate in latter year appointed Secretary of 1855; was a Presidential Elector the Navy by President Jackson. in 1856; and was elected a member On his return home from Washing- of the Thirty-fifth Congress, servton, in 1831, he was elected to a seat ing on the Committee on Patents. 68 ]BIOGRAPPHIOAL SKETCHESO B)IECK, DANIEL. from that State, from 1821 to 1823. He was born near Boston, ~Maas- IHe died at Louisville, May, 1849. sachusetts, in 1788; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1812; he stu- BRECKINRIDGE, JOHN. died law, and, removing to Ken- Was a Virginian by birth, and tuckyin 1814, soon after commenced the author and advocate of the celethe practice of his profession there; brated " Resolutions of 1788-89 " his first public position in Kentucky in the Legislature of that State. was that of judge of a county court; Emigrating to Kentucky, he was in 1824 he was elected to the State elected United States Senator in Legislature, and re-elected five 1801, and was appointed Attorneyyears; from 1835 until 1843 he was General of the United States, by President of the Branch Bank of President Jefferson, in January, Kentucky, at Richmond; in 1840 1805, holding the office until Januhe was a Presidential Elector; in ary, 1806. One of his sons, Robert 1843 he was appointed Judge of C. Breckinridge, is a distinguished the Supreme Court of Kentucky; Presbyterian divine; another, John and he was a Representative in Con- Cabell Breckinridge, was an emigress, from 1849 to 1851, and was nent lawyer, and the father of Vicea member of the Committee on President Breckinridge. He died Manufactures. The degree of LL.D. at Lexington, Kentucky, December was conferred upon him, by the 14, 1806. Transylvania University, in 1843, and he has attained the title of BRECKINRIDGE, JOHN C. colonel in the militia service. After He was born near Lexington leaving Congress, he resumed the Kentucky, January 16, 1821; was office of bank president. educated at Centre College, Kentucky; spent a few months at BRECK, SAMUEL. Princeton; studied law at the He was a Representative in Con- Transylvania Institute, and was adgress from Pennsylvania, from 1823 mitted to the bar at Lexington. to 1825, of which State he was a He emigrated to Burlington, Iowa, native. where he remained for a time, but returned to Lexington, where he 3BRECKINTR~IDGE, JAMES. has since resided, and when not enHe was a Representative in Con- gaged in public duties has practiced gress, from Virginia, from 1809 to his profession with success. He 1817. served as a Major of infantry during the war with Mexico, and while in BRECKINRIDGE, JAMES D. that country distinguished himself He was born in Kentucky, and as the counsel of Major-General Pilwas a Representative in Congress, low during the famous court-martial. BIO GRAPHICAL SIKETCHES. 69 On his return from Mexico, he was judge; he was a Senator in Conelected to the State Legislature; gress, from Illinois, from 1843 to and was a Representative in Con- 1849, and officiated as Chairman of gress, from the Ashland District, the Committee on Public Lands; from 1851 to 1855. During his he was a Regent of the Smithsonian administration, President Pierce Institution during President Polk's tendered to him the mission to administration. In 1850 he went Spain, but family affairs compelled into the Illinois Legislature and him to decline the honor. He was was elected Speaker; he was one elected Vice-President of the United of the originators of the Illinois States in 1856, on the ticket with Central Railroad. In 1855 he was James Buchanan, and entered upon again placed upon the Circuit Court the duties of his office in March, bench, and having been made Chief 1857. By virtue of his office he is Judge, still holds the position. the President of the United States Senate. BRENGLE, FRANCIS. He was born in Maryland, and BREESE, SIDNEY. was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1845, He was born in WVhitesborough,, and was elected, in 1858, President Oneida County, New York, July 15, 1800. He attended Hamilton of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company. College, but graduated at Union College; he removed to Illinois, BRENT, RICHARD. and after due preparation, and before becoming of age, was admitted He was a Representative in Conto the bar; his first public position gress, from Virginia, from 1795 to was that of captain of militia, after 1799, and again from 1801 to 1803; which he became Assistant Secre- and a Senator in Congress from tary of State under Secretary Kane, 1809 to 1.814. He died December and was appointed Postmaster of 30, 1814. Kaskaskia. In 1822 he was apBRENT, WILLIAM. pointed State Attorney, which office he held until 1827, when he was He was a Representative in Conappointed Attorney of the United gress, from Louisiana, from 1823 to States for Illinois. In 1829 he 1829. published a volume of Decisions of the Supreme Court, which now BRENTON, SAMUEL. bears his name, and was the first Hle was a native of Gallatin octavo volume published in the County, Kentucky; was a minister State; he served in the Black Hawk of the gospel from the age of war as a lieutenant of volunteers. twenty until 1848, when, stricken In 1835 he was elected a circuit by paralysis, he resigned, and was 70 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. appointed Register of the Fort ing the trade of a hatter; spent Wayne Land-office. He was elected one year in an academy; studied to Congress in 1851, and again in law, and was admitted to the bar 1855. He was also President of in 1818; was a Representative in the Fort Wayne College. He died Congress, from 1831 to 1843, offiE March 29, 1857, aged forty-eight ciating during the Twenty-seventh years. Congress as Chairman of the Committee on the Post-office, and in BREVARD, JAMES. 1843 was Governor of MassachuHe was born in Iredell County, etts. North Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress, from South BRIGHAM, ELIJAH. Carolina, from 1819 to 1821. He was a native of Northborough, Massachusetts; a graduate of DartBREWSTER, DAVID P. mouth College in 1778; studied 3He was born in New York, and law at Harvard; was a merchant was a Representative in Congress, by occupation; held many positions from that State, from 1839 to 1843. of trust and responsibility; and was a Representative in Congress, from BRIDGES, ~SAM~UEL A. Massachussetts, from 1811 to 1816. He was born in Colchester, Con- He died in Washington City, of necticut, January 27, 1802; received croup, April 22, 1816, aged sixtyan academic education, and gradu- six years. ated at Williamstown College in 1826; studied law, and was admit- BRIGHT, JESSE D. ted to the bar in 1829; in 1830 he removed to Pennsylvania; was for Born at Norwich, Chenango Co., seven years Deputy Attorney-Gene- ew ork, eceber, 1812; reral of the State for Lehigh County; ceived an academic education, and n..studied law as a profession. He and he was a Representative in tudied la as a profession. e was Circuit Judge of Indiana, State Congress, from Pennsylvania, from was Circuit Judge of Indiana, State 1848 to 1849, and from 1853 to Senator, Marshal of the United 1855. States for the District of Indiana, and Lieutenant-Governor of that BRIGGS, GEORGE. State. He was a United States He was born in New York, and Senator from 1845 to 1857, and was a Representative in Congress, President of the Senate during from that State, from 1849 to 1853. se'veral sessions. He was elected for an additional term in 1857, and BRIGGS, GEORGE N. is Chairman of the Committee on He was born in Andover, Berk- Public Buildings and Grounds, and shire County, Massachusetts, April a member of the Committees on 12, 1796; commenced life by learn- Finance and the Pacific Railroad. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 71 BRINKERHOFF, HENRY R. BROCKWAY, JOHN H. He was born in Adams County, Born in Ellington, Connecticut; Pennsylvania, in 1788, and emi- graduated at Yale College in 1820; grated at an early period to New he commenced active life by teachYork. During the last war with ing the academy at East Windsor England he served in command of Hill; he studied law, and has been a volunteer company, and distin- devoted to the practice of the proguished himself at the battle of fession ever since. He has freQueenstown. In 1837 he removed qu,ently served in the two Houses of to Ohio, and was elected to Con- the State Legislature, and was a gress, as Representative from that Representative in Congress from State, in 1843, but died before the 1839 to 1843. expiration of his term, in Huron County, Ohio, April 30, 1844. BRODERICK, D. C. BRINKERHOFF, JACOB. He is a Senator of the United He was born in New York, and States, from California, having taken was a Representative in Congress, seat during the second session from Ohio, from 1843 to 1847. of the Thirty-fourth Congress, and is a member of the Committees on BROADHEAD, JOHN C. Public Lands and Military Affairs. He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1831 BRODHEAD, JOHN. to 1833, and again from 1837 to He was a minister of the Metho1839. dist Episcopal Church for forty-four years, and a Representative in ConBROCKENBROUGH, WILTLIA:M HW. gress, from New Hampshire, from Born in 1813; he originally went 1829 to 1833. He died at New to Florida for the benefit of his Market, New Hampshire, April 7, health, which during his residence 1838, aged sixty-seven years. there was a continual depression upon his physical and mental ener- BRODHEAD, RICH.ARD. gies. He, however, held no undistin-,He is a native of Pike County, guished position as a citizen, having Pennsylvania; was a Representabeen, under the Territorial governeent, uSender f the Territori vern- tive in Congress, from 1843 to 1849, ment, a Senator from the Western and a Senator of the United States District, and at one time President from 1851 to 1857, from Pennsylof the Senate, also United States vania. District Attorney, and a Representative in Congress from 1845 to BRONSON, DAVID. 1847. He died in Tallahassee, A Representative in Congress, Florida, June, 1850, of pulmonary from Norridgewock, Maine, from consumption. 1841 to 1843, and served as a mem 72 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. ber of the Committee on Public he was elected to the Legislature of Lands. Maine; in 1836 he established the iYew York Daily Express, of which BRONSON, ISAAC H. he has since been the chief editor Born in Rutland, New York, Oc- and proprietor; in 1847 he was tober 16, 1802, and died at Pilatka, elected a member of the New York Florida, August 13, 1855. He was Legislature; and from 1849 to 1853 educated for the bar, and admitted he was a Representative in Conto practice in 1822; and was a Re- gress, from the City of New York, presentative in Congress, from New serving on the Committee on PubYork, from 1837 to 1839, officiating lic Lands. as Chairman of the Committee on Territories, when he was appointed BROOKS, MICAH. one of the Territorial Judges of He was born in Cheshire, ConFlorida, and from that time until necticut in 15; was educated by his death he served continually on his father, with whom he removed the Bench,-at the time of his death to Western New York, and where being District Judge of the United he taught school. e settled on a he taught school. He settled on a States for:Northern Florida. farm, but was a justice of the peace in 1806, and for twenty years thereBROOKE WALTER. after he was a county judge. He He was a Senator in Congress, was a member of the New York Asfrom Mississippi, from 1852 to 1853. sembly in 1808 and 1809; was a Representative in Congress, from BROOKS, DAVID. New York, from 1815 to 1817; a IHe was for six years a member member of the State Constitutional of the New York Assembly, and a Convention of 1821; and a PresiRepresentative in Congress, from dential Elector in 1824. He died that State, from May, 1797, to July, in Livingston County, New York, 1'Z97. early in July, 185'7: BROOKS, JAMES. He was born in Portland, Maine BROOKS, PRESTON S. November 10, 1810. When only He was born in Edgefield District, eleven years old he became a clerk South Carolina, in August, 1819; in a store; when sixteen, was a graduated at the South Carolina school teacher, and, at the age of College in 1839; studied law; was nearly twenty-one, he graduated at admitted to the bar in 1843, and the Waterville College. He has was a State Representative in 1844. been an extensive traveler, both in In 1846 he raised a company of this country and Europe, and has volunteers, was made captain, and published a large number of letters served in the Palmetto Regiment descriptive of his tours. In 1835 i during most of the Mexican war. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 73 After the war he devoted himself to and when admitted to practice, beplanting. He was elected to Con- came a partner of the late James K. gress in 1853, and again in 1855. Polk, in Giles County, serving in In 1856 he made a personal assault the mean time for a number of years upon Charles Sumner, in the United in the Legislature of Tennessee. In States Senate Chamber, which event 1839 he was elected a member of caused much excitement throughout Congress, and re-elected in 1841 the country. The attack was caused and 1843. On his retirement from by words uttered in debate by Se- Congress, in 1845, he was elected nator Sumner against Senator But- Governor of Tennessee; and he has ler, who was Mr. Brooks's relative. at all times been considered one of Mr. Brooks died in Washington, the most faithful and industrious District of Columbia, January 27, leaders of the Democratic party in 1857, of acute inflammation of the Tennessee. His present position is throat,-leaving behind him many that of Postmaster-General in the warm personal friends. cabinet of President Buchanan. Among the measures which have BROOM, JACOB. marked his administration of our He was born in Baltimore, Mary- postal affairs may be mentioned the land, July 25, 1808; received a establishment of a new and shorter classical education; on removing to oceanic communication to CaliforPennsylvania, was appointed, in nia, by Tehuantepec, of the great 1840, Deputy Auditor of that State; overland mail fiom Memphis and in 1849 he was elected Clerk of the St. Louis to San Francisco, and anOrphans' Court for the City and other, across the continent, by the County of Philadelphia; and was way of Salt Lake. His speeches, elected a Representative, from that Congressional and political, were State, to the Thirty-fourth Con- published at Nashville, in 1854, in a gress. handsome volume of seven hundred pages. BROO3ME, JAMES M. He was a Representative in Con- BROWN, ALBERT G. gress, from Delaware, from 1805 to He was born in Chester District, 1807. South Carolina, May 31, 1813; adopted the law as a profession; was a member of the State LegisBorn in Brunswick County, Vir- lature from 1835 to 1839; and was ginia, August 15, 1795. He gra- a Representative in Congress, from duated at Chapel Hill Universityin Mississippi, in 1840 and 1841. He 1814, and in 1815 removed with his was also a Judge of the Circuit parents to Tennessee, where he de- Superior Court, in 1852 and 1853; voted himself to the study of law; I Governor of Mississippi, from 1844 74 BIO G0RAPHICAL SKETCHES. to 1848; was again elected a Repre- I gress, from that State, from 1841 to sentative in Congress, from 1848 to 1843, and again from 1847 to 1849. 1854; was elected a United States Senator, from 1854 to 1858; and BROWN, ELIAS. re-elected for six years, commencing He was a Representative in ConMarch 4, 1859. He is Chairman gress, from Maryland, from 1829 to of the Committee on the District of 1831. Columbia, and a member of the Committee on Indian Affairs, and BROWN, ETHAN A. that of Enrolled Bills. He was Governor of Ohio, from 1818 to 1822, and from 1822 to BROWN, ANSON. j 1825 a Senator in Congress, from He was born in New York, and that State, serving as a member of was a Representative in Congress, the Judiciary Committee. from that State, during the years 1839 and 1840, and died at Balls- BROWN, GEORGE H. ton, New York, in June, 1840, He was born in New Jersey; much respected for his character graduated at Princeton College in and acquirements. 1828; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from BROWN, BEDFORD. 1851to 1853, Born in Caswell County, North Carolina, in 1795; was elected to BROWN, JAMES. the House of Commons, of that Ile was born in Virginia, OctoState, in 1815, in which capacity he ber, 1766; studied law; settled first served many years; and was a Se- in Tennessee, at Natchez; and was nator in Congress, from that State, appointed, by President Jefferson, from 1829 to 1841, officiating as Secretary of the Territory of LouiChairman of the Committee on Ag- siana, after its acquisition. This led riculture during several sessions. him to New Orleans, which became He was subsequently elected to the his home. He was appointed UniGeneral Assembly, and at the end of ted States Attorney for the District his term retired to private life. of Louisiana, and rose to a high rank at the bar. He was chosen to BROWN, BENJAMIN. the United States Senate, and served He was a Representative in Con- from 1812 to 1817, and again from gress,from Massachusetts,from 1815 1819 to 1824, officiating as Chairto 1817. man of the Committee on Foreign Relations, and was appointed MinBROWN, CHARLES. ister Plenipotentiary to France. He He was born in Pennsylvania, remained five years abroad, and suband was a Representative in Con- sequently settled in Philadelphia, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 75 where he died of apoplexy, April 7, BROWN, TITUS. 1835. He was elected a Representative BROWN, JEREMIAH. in Congress, from New Hampshire, He was born in Pennsylvania, from 1825 to 1829, and was a memand was a Representative in Con- ber of the Committee on the Megress, from that State, from 1841 to morial of the Legislature of Ten1845. nessee. BROWN, JOHN. BROWN, WILLIAM. He was a Representative in Con- IHe was born in Frederick County, gress, from Ithode Island, from Virginia, and was a Representative 1799 to 1801. in Congress, from Kentucky, from BROWN, JOHN. 1819 to 1823. He was a Representative in Con- BROWN, WILLIAM G. gress, from Maryland, from 1809 to 181. RHe was born in Preston County, 1810. Virginia, September 25, 1801; he BROWN, JOHN. received a good English education; He was a Representative in Con- studied law, and was admitted to gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1821 the bar in 1823; in 1832 he was to 1825. elected to the Assembly of Virginia; he was a Representative in BROWN, JOHN W. Congress, from Virginia, from 1845 Ile was born in Scotland, and to 1849; and in 1850 he was elected was a Representative in Congress, to the State Convention of Virgifrom Orange County, New York, nia, since which time he has been from 1833 to 1837, and was a mem- wholly devoted to his profession. ber of the Committees on Invalid Pensions, Territories, and Expen- BROWN, WILLIAM J. ditures on Public Buildings. He was born in Kentucky, in 1805. He emigrated to Indiana in 1821, BROWN, MbIILTON. and was at one time Secretary of He was born in Ohio, and on tak- State for Indiana, and a member of ing up his residence in Tennessee, the State Legislature; a Represenwas elected a Representative in tative in Congress, from 1843 to Congress, from that State, from 1845, and again from 1849 to 1851; 1841 to 1847. he was also Assistant PostmasterGeneral, under President Polk; BROWN, nROBERT. editor of the Indiana Sentinel; He was a Representative in Con- State Librarian of Indiana; and, gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1798 at the time of his death, Special to 1815. Agent of the Post-office Depart 76 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. ment for Indiana and Illinois. He Legislature, and served in the died near Indianapolis, March 18, House and Senate seven years; 1857. and was elected a Representative, from Texas, to the Thirty-fifth ConBROWNE, JOHN. gress, serving on the Committee on He was a Representative in Con- Agriculture. gress, from Virginia, from 1789 to 1793. BRYAN, HENRY H. BROWNE, JOHN. Born in Martin County, North Carolina, and was a Representative He was born in 1757, and died wa born ni, An Congress, from Tennessee, from at Frankfort, Kentucky, August 28, 1819 to 1823, and was a member of 1837. He was a Senator in Conthe Committee on Private Land gress, from 1792 to 1805. Claims. He died in Montgomery County, of that State, in May, 1835. BRUCE, PHINEAS. He was a graduate of Yale Col- BRYAN, JOHN H. lege in 1786; and elected a Repre- Ie was born in Newbern County, sentative in Congress, from MassalNortlh Carolina, in 1798; and grachusetts, from 1803 to 1805. duated at the University of North Carolina in 1815. He was a lawyer BRUSH, HE~NRY. by profession; served a number of He was born in Datchess County, years in the State Legislature; and New York, and was a Representa- was a member of Congress, from tive in Congress, from Ohio, from 1825 to 1827, and again from 1815 1819 to 1821. to 1819. BRUYN, ANDREW D. W. BRYAN, JOSEPH. Born in New York, and was He was elected a Representative elected a Representative in Con- in Congress, from Georgia, from gress, from that State, from 1837 1803 to 1806. to 1838, and died at Ithaca, in July, BRYAN, NATttAN. 1838. Born in Jones County, North B3RYAN, GEORGE M. Carolina, and in 1791 represented Was born in Missouri, June 12, that county in the House of Com1821; bore a part in the military mons. He was a member of Concampaign of Texas in 1836; re- gress, from 1795 to 1798, and died ceived a liberal education and stu- at Philadelphia, during the latter died law; in 1846 he went to the year. He was a prominent man Rio Grande, under General Taylor; among the Baptists, and a most in 1847 was elected to the Texas exemplary Christian. BIO GRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 77 BUCHANAN, ANDREW. and in the summer of that year received the Democratic nomination lie was bsorn in Pennsylvania, was for President of the United States. and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1835 In the following November he was to 1839. elected to that position, and in March, 1857, he entered upon its BUCHANAN, JAMES.duties. Born in Franklin County, Penn- BUCHER, JOHN C. sylvania, November 13, 1791. After He was for many years a Judge a regular course of classical educa- of the Circuit Court of Pennsyltion. he studied and practiced law vania; a Representative in Conin Lancaster, Pennsylvania. In gress, from that State, from 1831 1814 he was elected to the State to 1833 anddiedinHarrisburg, Legislature of Pennsylvania, and Pennsylvania, October 26, 1851. re-elected the next year. In 1821 he entered Congress, as a Repre- BUCK, DANIEL. sentative from the Lancaster District, where he continued until 1831, He was a lawyer by profession, when he declined a re-election. In and one of the earliest settlers in 1832 he was appointed Minister to Vermont, and was a Representative Russia, by President Jackson, and in Congress, from that State, from on his return from that mission in 1795 to 1797, and died in 1811. 1834, he was elected by the Penn- He was the father of the Hon. sylvania Legislature to the Senate Daniel A. A. Buck. of the United States, to fill the unexpired term of William Wil- BUCK, DANIEL AZRO A. kins, who had resigned. He was le was born in Vermont in 189; re-elected in 1837, and again in graduated at Middlebury College in 1843. In 1845 he resigned his seat 1807, and also at the West Point in the Senate, and became Secretary Military Academy in 1808, when of State, and the head of the cabi- he entered the army. He resigned net of President Polk. At the his commission in 1811; was reclose of that eventful administra- appointed, as ia captain in the tion, he retired to private life at army, in 1813, but finally left the his residence of "Wheatland," near military profession in 1815. He Lancaster; but he was summoned then established himself as a lawyer again to the public service in 1853, at Chelsea, Vermont, and was for when he accepted the appointment fourteen years a member of the from President Pierce, of Minister State Legislature, officiating about of the United States to the Court half of that time as Speaker of the of St. James. Having resigned Lower House. He filled the office of this office, he returned home in 1856, State Attorney for Orange County 78 B I O G RAPHI CAL SKETCHES. for six years; was a Representative Vermont and New York, during in Congress, from Vermont, from which period he prepared himself 1823 to 1825, and again from 1827 for the practice of the law; in 1834 to 1829; and was subsequently con- he took up his residence in MIichinected with the Indian Bureau of gan; in 1836 was Attorney for the the War Department in Washing- City of Detroit; in 1837 was electton, where he died December 24, ed to the State Legislature; in 1841. 1843 and 1844 was Prosecuting Attorney for Wayne County; in BUCKNER, ALEXANDER. 1847 was again elected to the LeIHe was a Senator in Congress, gislature; and from 1849 to 1851 from Missouri, from 1831 to 1833, was a Representative in Congress, and died in May, 1833. His term from Michigan, and was a member would have expired in 1837. He of the Committee on Foreign Afwas a member of the Committees fairs. on Pensions and on Engrossed Bills. BUFFINGTON, JOSEPH. BUCEKNER, AYLETT. He was born in Pennsylvania, He was born in Kentucky, and and was a Representative in Conwas a Representative in Congress, gress, from that State, from 1843 from that State, from 1847 to 1849. to 1847. BUCKNER, RICHARD A. BUFFINGTON, JAMiES. Born in 1763; was a Represen- Born in Fall River, Massatative in Congress, from Kentucky, chusetts, March 16, 1817; was from 1823 to 1829, and died at his a merchant by occupation; Mayor residence in Greensburg, Kentucky, of the City of Fall River during December 8, 1847. the years 1854 and 1855; and was elected a Representative from MasBUEL, ALEXANDER H. sachusetts to the Thirty-fifth ConHe was a prominent and success- gress, and is a member of the Comful merchant, and a Representative mittee on Military Affairs. He has in Congress, from New York, from also been re-elected to the Thirty-'1850 until the time of his death, sixth Congress. which occurred in Washington City, January 30, 1853. BUFFUM, JOSEPH, Jn. He was born in Fitchburg, MasBUEL, ALEXANDER W. sachusetts; graduated at Dartmouth Born in Rutland County, Ver- College in 1806; and was a Riepremont, in 1813; graduated at the sentative in Congress, from New Vermont University, in 1831; Hampshire, from 1819 to 1821, and taught school for several years in a member of the Committees on Ex BIOGRAPHICAL S KE TC H E S.- 79 penditures in the Navy Department, the exception of a few months in and on Public Buildings. 1839, when he acted as Secretary of State. He then removed to New BUGG, ROBERT M. Orleans. In 1847 was appointed lie was born in Tennessee, and Professor of the Civil Law in the was a Representative in Congress, Law School of Louisiana, and defrom Tennessee, from 1853 to 1855. livered two courses of lectures. In 1850 he was elected to the LegislaBULL, JOHN. ture, and a few weeks after was chosen to fill a vacancy in Congress, He was a Representative in Conoccasioned by the resignation of C. gress, from Missouri, fiom 1833 to gress, from. MissouriMfrom1833 to Mi. Conrad, and served again in the. House of Representatives one year. BULLARD, HENRY ADAMS. On his return journey homeward he was prostrated by fatigue and expoBorn in Groton, Massachusetts, sure; he lingered three weeks, and September 9, 1788; was educated died in N April 17, died in New Orleans, April 17, at Harvard University, and gradu- 851 ated in 1807. He was a lawyer by profession, but his knowledge of the BULLOCH, WILLIAM B. modern languages brought him in contact with General Toledo, in Born in Georgia in 1776; was a Philadelphia, who was organizing lawyer by profession; being a proPhiladelphia, who was organizing m an expedition to revolutionize New nnent member of the bas early as 1800. In 1809 he was Mayor Mexico. He joined him as his aid and military secretary, and spent of Savannah, and subsequently Coldthe winter of 181e with him at lector of that port. He was United the winter of 1812 with him at Nashville, and accompanied him States Senator in 1813; and in 1816 intoNew Mexico in the spri was chosen President of the Bank They were defeated in a pitched of Georgia, of which be was one of battle by the royal troops at San the founders, and held the office Antonio, and suffered severe hard- twenty-seven years. He died in ships, but he managed to reach Na- Savannah, Georgia, March 6, 1852. chitoches, and there remained and BULLOCK, STEPHEN. commenced the practice of his pro- i fession. In 1822 he was elected to HIe was a Representative in Cona seat on the District Court Bench, gress, from Massachusetts, from and performed its duties for several 1797 to 1799. years. In 1831 was chosen a Representative in Congress, and served BULLOCK, lINTGIELD. till 1834; he was then elevated to He was a Representative in Conthe Supreme Bench of Louisiana, gress, from Kentucky, during the and filled the office until 1846, with years [820 and 1821. 80 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. BUNCH, SAMUEL. tation by a parliamentary contest mWas born in 1786~. He corn- with John Randolph, and left behind him many interesting pamphmanded a regiment in the Indian hind him many interesting pamp lets on political and literary subjects. war, under General Andrew Jackwar, uneGnra ndeJ His characteristics as a debater, son, and in the charge of the battle were withering sarcasm, combined of the Horse Shoe, was the first or were withering sarcasm, combined second n over the beastwork of with fervid eloquence and rare reasecond man over the breastwork of the enemy. He was a Representative in Congress, from Tennessee, BURGESS, DEMPSY. from 1833 to 1837; and died in He was a member of the ProvinGranger County, Tennessee, Sept e cial Congress of North Carolina; tember 5, 1849. a lieutenant-colonel of the militia; BUNNER, RUDOLPH. and a Representative in Congress, He was a Representative in Con-from 1795 to 1798. gress, from New York, from 1827 BURKE, EDAMUS. to 1829, and died at Otsego, July 23, 1837, aged fifty-eight years. He was born in Galway, Irelanl, and came to America at the beginBURD, GEORGE. ning of the Revolution. In 1778 he He was a Representative in Con- was appointed a Judge of the Sugress, from Pennsylvania, from 1831 preme Court of South Carolina, to 1835, and died at Bedford, Penn- and was a Representative in Consylvania, January 13, 1844, aged gress, from 1789 to 1791. Hewas fifty years. an earnest Republican, and died at Charleston, March 30, 1802, aged BURGES, TRISTAM. fifty-nine years. Born in Rochester, New York, February 26, 1770, and died in BURKE,EDMUND. Rhode Island, October 13, 1853. Born in Westminster, Vermont, He graduated at the Rhode Island January 23, 1809; was educated by College; studied law and taught private tutors; studied law, and school at the same time; com- was admitted to the bar in 1829; menced the practice of his profes- and removed to New Hampshire in sion in Providence, and acquired 1833, where he established, in Sulgreat influence and distinction as an livan County, the New Haempadvocate; in 1811 was elected shire Argus, which he edited a Chief Justice of Rhode Island; oc- number of years. He was a Reprecupied the Chair of Oratory in sentative in Congress, from New Brown University; and was a Re- Hampshire, from 1839 to 1845, and presentative in Congress, from 1825 was Chairman of-the Committee on to 1835. He acquired great repu. the Library, and a member of the BIO G RAPICAL S ETCHE a S E. 81 Committees on Commerce and he was chosen a member of the Claims; and, by President Polk, House of Representatives in his was appointed Commissioner of Pa- native Commonwealth. A few years tents in Washington. later, he passed into the Senatorial body, where, in spite of his youth, BURLEIGH, WILLIAM. he became a leading member. He He was a Representative in Con- sat also in the Convention which gress, from South Berwick, York framed the present Constitution of County, Maine, for two terms, from Massachusetts; took an active part 1823 to 1827, and was a member of in the Harrisburg Convention of the Committee of Expenditures in 1840, and served as a Representative the State Department. in Congress, from 1841 to 1843. BURLINGAME, ANSON. IHe died in Washington, District of Columbia, June 4, 1843, aged fortyBorn in ew Berlin, Chenango ve years. County, New York, November 14, 1822. His youth was spent on the Western frontiers, at one time acting with surveying parties and at Was born in Newark, New Jeranother participating in the making sey, on the 22d of February, 1770. of Indian treaties, far beyond the He was a graduate of Princeton confines of civilization. He laid College in 1791; was admitted to the foundation of his education at the bar by the Supreme Court of the Branch University of Michigan, New Jersey in 1796, and removed but removing to Massachusetts, he to Cincinnati immediately thereentered Harvard University, where after, where he continued to reside he received a degree in 1846. He until his death. During the first studied law and practiced in Bos- twenty years of that residence, he ton. In 1852 he was elected to the devoted himself to the practice of State Senate, and in 1853 was a his profession, and was ranked member of the Convention for re- among the most distinguished memvising the Constitution of Massa- bers of the bar. When the second chusetts. He was elected a Repre- grade of the territorial government sentative in the Thirty-fourth Con- was established, in 1799, he was gress; was re-elected to the Thirty- appointed, by President Adams, a fifth, serving as a member of the member of the Legislative Council, Committee on Foreign Affairs. He which appointment he held till the has also been re-elected to the establishment of the State governThirty-sixth Congress. ment of Ohio, in the winter of 1802-3. He was a member of the BURNELL, BARKER. State Legislature during the war I-Ie was a native of Nantucket. of 1812, and took an active part in When only twenty-two years of age, sustaining the measures proposed 6 82 BIoGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. in that body, to aid the general profession, and practiced in Kengovernment in maintaining the con- tucky; was Clerk of the Circuit test. In 1821 he was appointed Court of Trigg County, in that one of the Judges of the Supreme State, from 1851 to 1853, and a Court of Ohio, which commission Representative in the Thirty-fourth he resigned in December, 1828, and andThirty-fifth Congresses. Hewas was immediately after elected to the Chairman, during the first session Senate of the United States, to fill of the Thirty-fifth Congress, of the the vacancy occasioned by the re- Committee of Inquiry in regard to signation of his friend General Har- the sale of Fort Snelling, and a rison. In the same year he was member of the Committee on the chosen, by the Legislature of the District of Columbia. State of Kentucky, one of the Commissioners to settle the matters in BURNS, JOSEPH. controversy between that State and Born in Waynesborough, Authe Commonwealth of Virginia, in gusta County, Virginia, March 11, regard to the complaints of the 1800; was educated at the Ohio latter against the statute of limita- Union Schools; was by trade a tion. He was the first President hatter and then a farmer; has filled of the Astronomical Society of Cin- various County and State offices; cinnati, and still continued, in 1852, and was elected, from the State an active member of that institution. of Ohio, a Representative in the He was, for many years, the Presi- Thirty-fifty Congress. lHe is amemdent of the Colonization Society of ber of the Committees on ExpendiHamilton County, President of the tures in the Post-office Department Board of Trustees of the Medical and on Invalid Pensions. College of Ohio, and President of BURNS ROBERT. the Board of Trustees of the CinHe was born in [New Hampshire, cinnati College, and, upon the nomintnbL t, and was a Representative in Connation by La Fayette, had been elected a nmember of the French gress, from that State, from 1833 to Academy. In 1847 he published 1837. a volume entitled "Notes on the BURNSIDE, THOMAS. Early Settlement of the Northwest- Was an Associate Judge of the ern Territory," which is considered Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, as containing much interesting in- and was a ]Representative in Conformation, especially as to Ohio, the gress, from that State, from 1815 progress of which he witnessed from to 1819. He died at Germantown, a Territory. He died in 1853. Pennsylvania, March 25, 1851. BURNETT, HENRY C. BURR, AARON. Born in Essex County, Virginia, He was born in Newark, New:October 5, 1825; studied law as a Jersey, February 6, 1756. He gra B IO GRAPIIICAL SKETCHES. 83 duated at Princeton College in favor of Jefferson for President, and 1l172, at the age of sixteen; in 1775, Burr for Vice-President. On the in his twentieth year, he joined 12th of July, 1804, Colonel Burr the American army under Wash- gave Alexander Hamilton, long his ington, at Cambridge; accompanied professional rival and political opGeneral Arnold as a private soldier ponent, a mortal wound in a duel. in his expedition against Quebec; He soon after conceived the project after his arrival there, he acted as of his enterprise in the western an aid-de-camp to General Montgo- country of the United States; for mery; and on his return, in 1776, which he was atlength apprehended General Washington invited him to and brought to Richmond, in Aujoin his family at headquarters. gust, 1807, on a charge of treason; Some circumstances soon took place, and after a long trial, was acquitted. by which he forever lost the con- He afterwards returned to the City fidence of Washington; and the of New York, practiced law to some hostility of the former to the latter, extent, but passed the remainder of from that time, was undisguised his life in comparative obscurity and unmitigated. In 1777, he was and neglect. He was of small appointed lieutenant-colonel, and stature, yet he had a lofty mien, distinguished himself as an able a military air, a remarkably briland brave officer; but in March, liant'eye, and a striking appear1779, he was, on account of the ance. He possessed distinguished state of his health, compelled to talents and many accomplishments. resign his office, and retire from He died on Staten Island, New military life. He then devoted him- York, September 14, 1836. self to the study of law; commenced practice at Albany, in 1782, but BURRILL, JAMES. soon removed to the City of New He was born in Providence, York; he became distinguished in Rhode Island, April 25, 1772; his profession; was appointed At- graduated at Brown University, in torney-General of New York in 1788; studied law, devoted himself 1789; from 1791 to 1797, he was to its practice, and was Attorneya member of the United States General of the State of Rhode IslSenate, and bore a conspicuous and, from 1797 to 1813; was a part as a leader of the Democratic member and Speaker of the Asor Republican party. At the elec- sembly in 1814; and was Chief tion of President of the United Justice of the State in 1816. IHe States, for the fourth Presidential was elected to the United States term, Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Senate in 1816, and served as a Burr had each seventy-three votes, member of the Committees on the and the choice was decided by Con- Judiciary, on Commerce, on Manugress, on the thirty-sixth ballot, in factures, and on Accounts. He died 84 BIO G RAPH ICAL SKE T CHES. at Washington, before the expira- the County of Halifax; was for tion of his term, December 25, 1820. several years Attorney-General of He was considered an able scholar the State. He served as a Repreand a wise judge. sentative in Congress, from 1819 to 1824, and was a member of the BURROUGHS, SILAS M. Committee on the Judiciary and He was born in New York; Military Affairs; he was then electserved four years in the Legislature ed Governor of North Carolina. of that State, and was elected a He died in Iredell County, April Representative to the Thirty-fifth 21, 1836. Congress, from New York, and is a member of the Committee on BURWELL, WILLIAM A. Tndian Affairs. He has been re- He was a Representative in Conelected to the Thirty-sixth Con- gress, from Virginia, from 1806 to gress. 1821. BURROWS, ENOCH. BUSBY, GEORGE H. I-Ie was a Representative in Con- He was born in Darstown, Northgress, from Connecticut, from 1521 umberland County, Pennsylvania, to 1823. July 10, 1794. In 1810 he removed with his father to Ohio, where he BURROWS, LORENZO. acquired a knowledge of the cabiHe was born in Connecticut, and net-making business and devoted was a Representative in Congress, himself to farming. In 1824 he from New York, from 1849 to was appointed Clerk of the Court 1853. of Common Pleas and of the Supreme Court, and subsequently a BURT, ARIMISTEAD. Recorder of Deeds in the County He was born in South Carolina, of Marion; and he was a Reprereceived a liberal education, adopt- sentative in Congress, from 1851 to ed the profession of law, and was a 1853, from Ohio. Representative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1843 to 1853. BUTLER, ANDREW PICKENS. During a part of the Thirtieth Con- He was born in Edgefield Disgress he officiated as Speaker of the trict South Carolina, November -lIouse of Representatives. 18, 1796. He graduated at South Carolina College, studied law, beBURTON, HUTCHINS G., came a member of the Legislature He was born in Granville County, when quite a young man, and was North Carolina; studied law; in appointed, in 1835, one of the 1810 represented Mecklenburg in Judges of the General Sessions of the State Legislature, and, in 1816, Common Pleas, which office he held BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 85 until 1847, when he was appointed graduated at 1Harvard University by the Executive to fill the vacancy in 1803; studied law in Virginia, in the United States Senate, caused and practiced it in his native State. by the death of Mr. McDuffie. He He was repeatedly elected to the was subsequently elected and re- State Legislature; was a county elected to the same position, and sheriff, and a clerk of the courts. was in office at the time of his He was elected a Representative in death, which occurred at his home, Congress, in 1817, and served in May 25, 1857. He was a states- that capacity until 1823, officiating man of distinguished ability and as Chairman of the Committee on much influence, possessed an uncom- Agriculture, during the Seventeenth mon degree of both mental and Congress. He wasthen appointed physical ability, and in every par- Judge of the Superior Court of tictular, was a high-toned gentle- New Hampshire, which he held man. He was popular in the Se- until the office was abolished. nate, and left behind him many BUTLER, PIERCE. deeply attached friends. He was of the family of the Dukes BUTLER, CHESTER. of Ormond, in Ireland. Before the Born in Wilkesbarre, Luzerne Revolution he was a major in a County, Pennsylvania, in March, British regiment in Boston, but af1798; graduated at Princeton Col- terwards attached himself to the lege in 1817; read law at the Litch- republican institutions of America. field School, and was admitted to In 1787 he was a Delegate, from the bar in 1820. He was a Repre- South Carolina, to the old Consentative in Congress, from Pennsyl- gress; in 1788, a member of the vania, from 1845 to 1850, and was a Convention which framed the Conmember of the Committee on Revo- stitution of the United States, and, lutionary Claims. He died Octo- under it, was one of the first Senaber 5, 1850. tors from South Carolina, and remained in Congress till 1796. On BUTLER, EZRA. the death of Mr. Calhoun, in 1802, He was a Representative in Con- he was again a Senator, but regress, from Vermont, from 1813 to signed in 1804. He was opposed 1815, and Governor of that State to some of the measures of Washduring the years 1826 and 1827. ington's administration, but apHe died at Waterbury, Vermont, proved of the war of 1812. He died July 19, 1838. at Philadelphia, February 15, 1822, aged seventy-seven. BUTLER, JOSIAH. Born in Rockingham County, BUTLER, SAMSON H. New Hampshire, in 1780, and died He was born in South Carolina, at Deerfield, October 29, 1854. He and was a Representative in Con 86 B I O G RAP H I CAL SKETCHES. gress, from that State, from 1840 years in retirement, he was elected to 1843. a Representative in Congress, from Kentucky, in 1839, and re-elected BUTLER, THOMAS. in 1841; and during the war with Hie was born in Carlisle, Penn- Mexico, he obtained such distincsylvania, and was a Representative tion, that he was promoted to the in Congress, from Louisiana, from position of major-general in the 1818 to 1821. regular army; a sword was voted to him by Congress, March 2, 1847; BUTLER, THOMAS B. and when General Scott was reIHe was born in Wethersfield, called from the City of Mexico, Connecticut, in 1807; was educa- General Butler was left chief in ted a lawyer; served in the Con- command, and announced the ratinecticut Legislature; and was a fication of the treaty of peace, Representative in Congress, from May 29, 1848. In 1848 he was the Connecticut, from 1849 to 1851. Democratic candidate for Vice-President, on the ticket with Lewis BUTLER, WILLIAM. Cass for President. He was apHe was the father of the late Se- pointed, by President Pierce, Gonator, A. P. Butler, and graduated vernor of Nebraska Territory, but at the College of South Carolina, declined the appointment. He is in 1810, as a student of medicine; the author of many fugitive pieces served as an officer and surgeon of poetry, several of which possess both in the army and navy of the uncommon merit, and one, entitled United States; and was a Repre- "The Boat Horn," has attained sentative in Congress, from South great popularity. Carolina, from 1801 to 1813. He died many years ago. A Representative in Congress, BUTLER, WILLIAM 0. from Penobscot County, Maine, He was born in Jessamine Coun- from 1827 to 1831, and was a memty, Kentucky, in 1793, and came of ber of the Committee on Internal a family honorably identified with Improvements. the Revolution. He was liberally educated, and when the war of 1812 BYNAMI, JESSE A. broke out, he enlisted as a soldier; Born in Halifax County, North was an ensign under General Win- Carolina. He was educated at chester, at the battle of the River Union College, New York; served Raisin, and under General Jackson, a number of years in the State in the South, he attained the rank Legislature; and was a member of captain, and was made a colo- of Congress, from 1833 to 1841. nel in 1817. After spending many While in Congress he fought a duel BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 87 with Daniel Jenifer, which termi- he was twenty-six years old, he was nated harmlessly; and at the close elected a member of the Provinof his last term he removed to Loui- cial Congress, from Massachusetts, siana. where he advocated those principles of political economy for which he CABELL, EDWARD C. was afterwards distinguished; he Born in Richmond, Virginia, in was a member of the Convention 1817; graduated at the University which formed the Constitution of of Virginia; and in 1837 removed that State, and also of that which rato the Territory of Florida, where tified the Constitution of the United he settled as a cotton planter. lie States, to promote which he made represented the State of Florida in the most strenuous exertions. From Congress, from 1847 to 1853. 1791 to 1796 he served in the United States Senate, and was one of CABELL, SAMUEL J. the most distinguished members of In the beginning of the war of that body; a confidential friend of the Revolution he was at William Washington and Hamilton, to the and Mary College, and left there to latter of whom he rendered most join the first armed corps raised in important assistance in forming his Virginia, and soon attained tlhe financial system. In 1808 he was Virginia, and soon attained the a member of the Council of Massarank of lieutenant-colonel in the Continental Army, serving with chusetts, and in 1814 a delegate to honor in all the campaigns, till the the Hartford Convention, and was fall of Charleston, May 12, 1780, made president of that body. He, when he became a prisoner, and the after that period, retired from pubclose of the war restored him to lie life, and died at Boston, April liberty. For many years he was a 18, 1823, aged seventy-two. member of the Virginia Assembly, CADWALLADER, JOEN. and a R epresentative in Congress, from 1795 to 1803. He died in Nel- He was born in Pennsylvania, son County, Virginia, September 4, and was a Representative from that 1818, aged sixty-one years. State, to the Thirty-fourth Congress. CABLE, JOSEPH. CADWALLADER, LAMBERT. lie was born in Ohio, and was a Ip tats bornv in COhio, and ss a He was a Representative in ConRepresentative in Congress, from gress, from New Jersey, from 1789 that State, from 1849 to 1853. to 1791, and again from 1793 to 1795. CABOT, GEORGE. Born in Salem, Massachusetts, CADY, DANIEL. and employed the early part of his He was born in Chatham, Columlife in foreign commerce. Before bia County, New York, April 29, ~8 B IO GRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1773; was bied a shoemaker; stu- signed; he participated in the war died law, and practiced with suec- with Mexico as volunteer captain cess; and was a IRepresentative in of a company of dragoons. Congress, from New York, from 1815 to 1817, having previously CALDWELL, JAMES. served five years in the State Legis- Hie was a Representative in Conlature. gress, from Ohio, from 1813 to 1817. CADY, JOHN W. CALDWELL, JOSEPH P. lHe was a member of the New, York Assembly in 1822, and a Re- Born in Iredell County, North presentative in Congress, from that Carolina, in 1808. He was eduState, fromn 1823 to 1825. cated at Bethany Academy; studied law; and entered public life in 1838; CAGE, HENRY. as a member of the State LegislalHe was a Representative in Con- ture, where he served a number of g1ress, from Mississippi, from 1833 years, and was a Representative in to 1835. Congress, from 1849 to 1853. CAHOON, WILLIAM. CALD WELL, PATRICK C. Hie was a Representative in Con- He was a native of South Carogress, from Vermont, from 1829 to lina, and a Representative in Con1833. gress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843, serving on the Committee CALDWELL, GEORGE A. on Manufactures. He was born in Kentucky, and was a Representative in Congress, CALHOUN, JOHN. from that State, from 1843 to 1845, IHe was born in Kentucky, and and again from 1849 to 1851. was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 1839. CALDWELL, GREENE W. Born in Gaston County, North CALHOUN, JOHN C. Carolina, April 13, 1811. He stu- Born in Abbeville District, S. C., died medicine, and practiced with March 18, 1782. Ie was of an Irish success, but subsequently devoted family. Hlis father, Patrick Calhoun, himself to the law. lie served a was born in Ireland, and at an early number of years in the State Legis- age came to Pennsylvania, thence lature, and was a member of Con- went to the western part of Virgress, from 1841 to 1843. He was ginia, and after Braddock's defeat, subsequently appointed Superinten- moved to South Carolina in 1756. dent of the United States Mint, at At the age of thirteen, he was put Charlotte, which position he re- under the charge of his brother BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 89 in-law, Dr. Waddel, in Columbia sure. In the difficulties and emCounty, Georgia. He entered Yale barrassments upon the termination College in 1802, and graduated with of war, and the transition to a peace distinction; studied law at Litch- establishment, he took a responsible field, Connecticut; and in 1807 was part. As a presiding officer of the admitted to the bar of South Caro- Senate he was punctual, methodilina. The next year he entered the cal, and accurate, and had a high Legislature of that State, where he regard for the dignity of the body, served for two sessions with ability which he endeavored to preserve and distinction, and in 1811 was and maintain. His connection with elected to Congress, where he con- nullification, his views of the tariff, tinued until 1817, when he became his opinions in regard to slavery, Secretary of War under President and the many and exciting questions Monroe, and conducted the affairs arising from it, are well known. of that department with energy and lie shaped the course, and moulded ability for seven years. In 1825 he the opinions of the people of his was elected Vice-President, and in own State, and of some other South1831, upon General Hayne's leav- ern States, upon all these subjects. ing the Senate to become Governor Amid all the strifes of party poliof South Carolina, Mr. Calhoun re- tics, there always existed between signed the Vice-Presidency, and him and his political opponents, a was elected a member of the United great degree of personal kindness. States Senate by the Legislature of HIe died in Washington City, March South Carolina. Aftertheexpira- 31, 1850, leaving behind him the tion of his senatorial term, he went reputation of one of the greatest voluntarily into retirement. Upon and the purest of American statesthe death of Mr. Upshur, in 1843, men. His collected writings and he assumed the conduct of the State speeches have been published in Department, which he held until the several octavo volumes, edited by close of President Tyler's adminis- his son, and accompanied with a tration. In 1845 he was again biography. elected Senator, which office he held until his decease. From 1811, CALHOUN, JOHN E. when he entered Congress, until Born in 1749; and graduated at his death, he was rarely absent from Princeton College in 1774. He Washington, and during the most afterwards studied law, in which of that period he was in the public profession he became distinguished. service of his State and country. After being for many years in the He entered Congress at a time of State Legislature of South Carounusual excitement, preceding the lina, he was a Senator in Congress declaration of war of 1812, and had from 1801 to 1802. He was a degreat influence in favor of that mea- cided republican, and supporter of 90 BIOG RAPHICAL SKETCHE S. Mr. Jefferson. He was one of the CALVIN, SAMUEL. committee who were instructed to BorninWashingtonville, Columreport a modification of the judi- bia County, Pennsylvania, July 30, ciary system of the United States. 1811; at the age of sixteen, after He died in Pendleton District, No- the death of his father, he was vekmb~er 26, 1802, aged fifty-two thrown upon his own resources, and years. became a school teacher, with the CALHOUN, JOSEPH. view of supporting his father's famnily, and obtaining the means for a He was a f Representative in Con- classical education; he accomplishgress, from South Carolina, from ed this object; subsequently studied 1807 to 1811. law, and was admitted to the bar in 1836, and practiced in Hollidays-'CALHOUN, WILLIAM B. burg, Pennsylvania. In 1848 he He was born in Massachusetts; was elected a member of the Thirtygraduated at Yale College in 1814; first Congress, and in 1850 declined and was a Representative in Con- a re-election. gress, from his native State, from 1835 to 1843. CAMHBRELLING, CHURCHILL C. He was born in Washinfgton, CALL, JACOB, North Carolina, in 1786, and reHe was a Representative in Con- ceived an academical education at gress, from Indiana, from 1824 to Newbern, in that State. He had 1825. a special fondness for field sports, but did not let them interfere with CALL, RICHARD K. his duties as a clerk in a Carolina He was born in Kentucky; and store, where he was engaged for having taken an interest in mili- two years. He removed to New tary affairs, became aid-de-camp to York City in 1802, which has since General Jackson in 1818, and was that time been his home, excepting promoted to a captain soon after- the year 1806, when he was a wards, and subsequently was ap- counting-house clerk in Providence, pointed brigadier-general of the Rhode Island. He engaged at an Florida militia. He was a member early day in mercantile pursuits with of the Legislative Council of Flo- John Jacob Astor, and traveled exrida in 1822; a Delegate to Con- tensively over the world. He was gress from 1823 to 1825; Receiver a Representative in Congress, from of Public Money for the Land- New York, from 1821 to 1839, and office; and he held the position of officiated as Chairman of the ComGovernor of Florida from 1836 to mittees of Commerce, Ways and 1844. Means, and of Foreign Affairs. B I G-RAPI CAL SKETCHES. 91 His reports and political pamph- CAMPBELL, ALEXANDER. lets were at one time very nume- He was a Senator in Congress, rous, one of the former, on Co- from Ohio from 1809 to 1813. merce and Navigation, having gone through several editions and been CAMPBELL, BROOKINS. republished in London. While He was born in Washington traveling in Europe in 1839, he reCounty, Tennessee, in 1808; was ceived the appointment of Minister a,, for many years a member of the to Russia, and on his return to the a State Legislature, and in 1845 was United States he retired to privated ~~life.~~ ~unanimously elected Speaker; he life. was an officer in the quartermaster's department in the war with Mexico, and a member of Congress, from 1852 to the time of his death, which He was born in Lancaster Co., occurred in Washington, District of Pennsylvania, in 1799, and was left Columbia, December 24, 1853. an orphan when only nine years of age. He educated himself, while CAMPBELL, GEORGE W. pursuing the employment of a prin- He was born in Tennessee in ter in newspaper offices at Harris- 1168; received a good education; burg and in Washington City, and was a Representative in Congress, when twenty-two years of age edited from Tennessee, from 1803 to 1809, and published a Democratic journal serving during the last two years of at the former city, having previously his term as Chairman of the Comhad charge of a paper at Doyles- mittee of Ways and Means; was town, Pennsylvania. In 1832 he Judge of the United States District established the Middletown Bank Court; was elected Senator of the of Pennsylvania, and devoted much United States in 1811, but resigned of his attention to the railroad in- on being appointed Secretary of the terests of his native State, and be- Treasury in 1814. Hle resumed his fore entering Congress he was the seat in the Senate the following cashier of a bank, president of two year, and served till 1818, when he railroad companies, and Adjutant- was appointed Minister to Russia. General of Pennsylvania. He was He died at Nashville, Tennessee, first elected a Senator in Congress February 17, 1848. in 1845, where he served until 1849, and he was re-elected to the same CAMPBELL, JAMES H. position in 1857, for the term ending IIe was born in Pennsylvania, in 1863. He is a member of the and was a Representative from that Committees on Finance and on State, to the Thirty-fourth ConPrinting. gress. 92 B I OG RAPHICAL SKETCHES. CAMPBELL, JOHN. editor; subsequently had the entire IHe was a Representative in Con- control of another political paper; and having studied law, was adgress, from Maryland, from 1801 to and having studied law, was admitted to practice. He was elected a member of Congress, from Ohio, CAMIPBELL, JOHN. in 1848, and has been re-elected to each successive Congress, down to He was born in South Carolina, H the Thirty-fifth, when his seat was and was a Representative in Concontested, and the House of Repregress, from that State, from 1829 sentatives decided against sentatives decided against his claim. to 1831, and again from 1837 to to18 31adga45in fromDuring the Thirty-third Congress, he was Chairman of the Committee CAIMPBELL, JOHN. of Ways and Means. He was a Representative in Con- CAMPBELL, ROBET B. gress, from Kentucky, from 1837 to 1843. He was born in South Carolina; graduated at the South Carolina CAMPBELL, JOHN H. College in 1809; and was a Representative in Congress, from 1823 to aHe was born in Pennsylvania, 1825, and again from 1835 to 1837. and was a Representative in Con- He was subsequently appointed, by gress, firom that State, from 1845 President Fillmore, American Conto 1847. sul at Havana, Cuba. CAMPBELL, JOHN P. CAMPBELL, SAMUEL. He was born in KEentucky, and He was a Representative in Conwas a Representative from that gress, from New York, from 1821 State, to the Thirty-fourth Con- to 1823, having previously served gress. five years in the Assembly of that State. CAAMPBELL, JOHN W. He was born in Augusta County, CAMPBELL, THOMAS F. Virginia, and was a Representative He was a native of South Caroin Congress, from Ohio, from 1817 lina, and was a Representative in to 1827. Congress, from that State, from 1834 to 1835. CAMPBELL, LEWIS D. Born in Franklin, Warren County, CAMPBELL, THOMAS J. Ohio, August 9, 1811. He received He was a citizen of Tennessee, a limited education; was attached and a member of Congress, from at an early day to the Cin2cin'nali that State, from 1841 to 1843, and Gazette, as printer and assistant twice Clerk of the House of Re BIO0 GRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 93 presentatives. He died in Wash- sentative in Congress, from Tennesington, District of Columbia, April see, from 1814 to 1817, and again 13, 1850. from 1819 to 1823, and was also appointed by President Monroe, in CAMPBELL, THOMPSON. 1819, one of two Commissioners, to He was born in Pennsylvania, treat with the Chickasaws. and was a Representative in Congress, from Illinois, from 1851 to CAPERTON, HUGH. 1853. He was born in Virginia in 1780; CAMPBELL, WILLIAM1N B. was a farmer by occupation; a member, for many years, of the State He was born in Tennessee, and Legislature; and a Representative was a Representative in Congress, Congress, from the Greenbrier from that State, from 1837 to 1 843. region of Virginia, from 1813 to 1815. He died in Monroe County, CAMPBELL, WILLIAMI W. CAMPBEL, LVirginia, February, 9, 1847. Born in Cherry Valley, New York, June 10, 1806; graduated CAREY, GEORGE. at Union College in 1827, and stuHe was a native of Maryland, died law with Judge Kent, of New, but removed to Georgia, and died York, and in 1831 he commzencecd York and in 1831 he commenced in Upson County in 1844. He was the practice of his profession in a Representative in Congress, from that city, having previously written 1823 to 1827, from Georgia. and published a history of the border war of New York. He was CAREY, SHEPARD. a Representative in Congress, from He was a Representative in Con1845 to 1847, and then spent a year gress, from Maine, from 1843 to in Europe; on his return, he was,, 1845, and served as a member of appointed a Justice of the Superior the Committee on Claims. Court of New York City, and served seven years, and was subsequently elected a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State, which Born in Winchester, Frederick position he now holds. County, Virginia, December 16, 1817. He was educated by his CANBY, RICHARD S. mother until fourteen years of age, He was born in Ohio, and was a and then went into a! country store Representative in Congress, from as salesman and clerk, and at the that State, from 1847 to 1849. age of seventeen commenced business for himself; at the same time CANNON, NEWTON. he read law and was admitted to He was born in Guilford County, the bar in 1840, and settled in North Carolina, and was a Repre- Beverly, Randolph County, in 1842, 94 B I O GRAP H I CAL SK T C E TCHES. to practice. He was elected to the Representative in Congress, from State Senate in 1847, and served New York, from 1853 to 1855. till 1851. In 1850 he was a mem- He is now devoted to his profession ber of the Constitutional Conven- and to surveying. tion of Virginia, and in 1855 was elected a Representative in Con- CARPENTER, LEVI D. gress, serving one term. He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1843 CARLTON, PETER. to 1845. He was a Representative in Congress, from New Hampshire, from CNRR, FRANCIS. 1807 to 1809. HIle was a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1811 CARMICHAEL, R. B. to 1813. He was a native of Maryland, CARR, JAMES and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1835. He was a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1815 to 1817. CARNES, THOMAS P. Hle was born and educated in CARR, JOHN. Maryland; studied law, and settled,He was a Representative in Conin Georgia; he was there succes- ress from Indiana from 1831 to sively Solicitor-General, Attorney-, a 185377 and again from 1839 to 1841, General, and Judge of the Supreme and died in Clarke County, IdiCourt; and was a Representative ana January 20, 1845. in Congress, from 1793 to 1795. He died at Milledgeville, May 8, 1822. CARROLL, CHARLES, of Carrollton. He was born in Annapolis, Mary(CARPENTIER, DAVIS. land, on the 20th of September, He was born in Walpole, Che- 1137; was descended from a reshire County, New Hampshire, spectable Irish family; was of the December 25, 1799; received an Roman Catholic religion, and inacademical education; studied me- herited a very large estate. He was decine, and took the degree of sent at an early age to St. Omers M.D. at Middlebury College, Ver- to be educated, and afterwards remont, in 1824; he removed to the moved to Rheims. After having State of New York in 1825, and studied civil law in France, he went there attained the position of co- to London, and pursued the study lonel of a rifle corps; and was a of common law at the Temple; BIoGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 95 and returned to America at the CARSON, SAMUEL P. age of twenty-seven. He soon beBorn at Pleasant Garden, Burke came known as an advocate for e was County, North Carolina. He was liberty, and was one of the ablest C, liberty, and was one of the ablest for several years a member of the political writers of Maryland. In State Legislature, and a RepresenState Legislature, and a Represen1776, he was elected a Delegate to tative in Congress, from 1825 to the old Congress, and subscribed 1833. He killed Doctor Robert B. his name to the Declaration of InVance in a duel, in 1827, and at dependence, and at the time of hzis the close of his services in Congress, death was the last surviving signer removed to Arkansas, where he died of that document. In 1778 he left in November 1840. Congress, and devoted himself to the councils of his native State; in CARTER, JOHN. 1789 he was elected a Senator to Born on Black River, Sumter the new Congress, and in 1810 he Born on Black River, Sumter quitted public life, and passed the District, South Carolina, Septem-.'.. ber 10 1792; and graduated at remainder of his days in tranquillity,, beloved and revered by his friends South Carolina College, Columbia. beloved and revered by his fi'iends He was a lawyer by profession; and neighbors, and honored by his e was a lawyer by profession; country. He was ever considerec and a Representative in Congress, a model of regularity in conduct from South Carolina, from 1822 to and sedateness in judgment. He 1 829, when he declined a re-election. *His residence was Camden, but he died in Baltimore, Nlovember 14, 2died in Baltimore, November 14, removed to Georgetown, District of 1832. Columbia, in 1836, where he reCARROLL, CHARLES H. mained until his death, which ocHe was a Representative in Con- curred June 20, 1850. gress, from New York, from 1843 CARTER TIMOTHY J. to 1847, a member of the Assembly of the State in 1836, and a State He was a Representative in ConSenator in 183"7. gress, from Maine, from 1837 to the date of his death, which occurred CARROLL, DANIEL. at Washington, March 14, 1838. He was a Representative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1789 to CARTER, WILLIAM B. 1791, and was that year appointed Born in Tennessee in 1812; was Commissioner for Surveying the a member of the House and Senate District of Columbia. in the State Legislature; President of the Constitutional Convention; CARROLL, JAMES. and from 1835 to 1841, a RepreHe was born in Maryland, and sentative in Congress, from his was a Representative in Congress, native State. He died in Carter from that State, from 1839 to 1841. County, Tennessee, April 17, 1848. 96 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. CARTTER, DAVID I. where he has since been engaged with success in the practice of his He was born in New York, and profession, and holding many imwas a Representative in Congress,, a portant local offices connected with from Ohio, from 1849 to 1853. the cause of education. CARUTHERS, ROBERT L. CASE, CHARLES. He was born in Tennessee, and CASE, CHARLES. was a Representative in Congress, Born at Austinburg, Ashtabula from that State, from 1841 to 1843. County, Ohio, December 21, 1817; a lawyer by profession, and a RepCARUTHERS, SAMUEL. resentative in the Thirty-fifth Congress, from Indiana. He is a memBorn in Madison County, Mis-, ber of the Committee on Invalid souri, October 13, 1820; was edutensions. He lhas also been recated at Clinton College, Tennessee; elected to the Thirty-sixth Conis a lawyer by profession; and was elected a member of the House of gress. Representatives, in Congress, in CASE, WALTER. 1853, which position he still occunpies. He was born in Dutchess County, New York, and was a RepresentaCARY, GEORGE B. tive in Congress, from that State, A member of Congress, from the from 1819 to 1821. Petersburg District, Virginia, in 1842 and 1843. IHe died in SouthCASEY, JOSEPH. ampton County, Virginia, March 5, 1850. He was born in Maryland, and was a Representative in Congress, CARY, JEREMIAH E. from Pennsylvania, from 1849 to Born in Coventry, Rhode Island, 1851. April 30, 1803; commenced active life in the State of New York, by working on a farm, and in the tan- He was a Representative in Connery of an uncle; he received a good gress, from South Carolina, from common school education, which he 1803 to 1807. paid for by his own exertions as a teacher; he studied law, and was CASEY, ZADOCK. admitted to the bar in 1829; was elected to Congress, from Cherry He was born in Georgia, and on Valley County, in 1842, and, after removing to Illinois, was a Reprehis term as a Representative, re- sentative in Congress, from that moved to the City of New York, State, from 1833 to 1843. B IoGRAPHICAL S KETCHES. 97 CASKIE, JOHN S. my's shore, and, with a small dee was born in irgina, and was tachment of troops, fought and won H-Ie was born in Virginia, and was first elected a Representative to the first battle, that of the Tarontoe. first elected a Representative to At the subsequent capitulation of Congress, from his native State, in 1851, and has been elected to each Detroit, he was abset, o importsuccessive Congress, serving at the ant service, and regretted that his successive Congress, serving at the present time as a member of the command and himself had been inpresent time as a member of the ittee the Judiciary. luded in that capitulation. Liberated on parol, he repaired to the seat of government to report the CASXS, LEWIS. causes of the disaster, and the failBorn in Exeter, New Hampshire, ure of the campaign. He was imOctober 9, 1782. Having received mediately appointed a colonel in the a limited education at his native regular army, and, soon after, proplace, at the early age of seventeen rnoted to the rank of brigadierhe crossed the Alleghany Mountains general; having, in the mean time, on foot, to seek a home in the been elected major-general of the "great west," then an almost unex- Ohio volunteers. On being explored wilderness. Settled at Ma- changed and released from parol, rietta, Ohio, he studied law, and he again repaired to the frontier, was successful. Elected at twenty- and joined the army for the recovery five to the Legislature of Ohio, he of Michigan. Being at that time originated the bill which arrested without a command, he served and the proceedings of Aaron Burr, distinguished himself, as a volunteer and, as stated by Mr Jefferson, was aid-de-camp to General Harrison, the first blow given to what is at the battle of the Thames. He known as Burr's conspiracy. In was appointed, by President Madi1807 he was appointed, by Mr. Jef- son, in October, 1813, Governor of ferson, Marshal of the State, and Michigan, His position combined, held the office till the latter part of with the ordinary duties of chief 1811, when he volunteered to repel magistrate of a civilized commuIndian aggressions on the frontier. nity, the immediate management He was elected colonel of the 3d and control, as superintendent, of IRegilient of Ohio volunteers, and the relations with the numerous and entered the military service of the powerful Indian tribes in that region United States, at the commence- of country. He conducted with ment of the war of 1812. Having success the affairs of the Territory by a difficult march reached Detroit, under embarrassing circumstances. he urged the immnediate invasion of Under his sway peace was preserved Canada, and was the author of the between the whites and the treachproclamation of that event. He was erous and disaffected Indians, law the first to land in arms on the ene- and order established, and the Ter7 98 B I O GRAP H ICAL SKETC H E S. ritory rapidly advanced in popula- residence in Indiana, was elected a tion, resources, and prosperity. He Representative in Congress, from held this position till July, 1831, 1845 to 1849, and was a Senator in when he was, by President Jackson, Congress, from 1852 to 1853. made Secretary of War. In the latter part of 1836, President Jack- CATLIN, GEORGE S. son appointed him Minister to Bor in Itarwingtoln, Litchfield France, where he remained until 1842, hen he requested his recall, County, Connecticut, in 1809; reand,~ returned totiscuceived a common school and acaand returned to this country. In, demic education; studied law, and January, 1845, he was elected, by J y, 15, he, b was admitted to the bar in 1830' the Legislature of Michigan, to the and was a Representative in ConSenate of the United States; which gress, from 1843 to 1845. Hie was place he resigned on his nomination, a also a number of years in the State in May, 1848, as a candidate for the Presidency, by the political party Legislature, States Attorney, and Presidency, by the political party to which he belongs. After the election of his opponent (General Taylor) to that office, the Legislature of his State, in 1849, re-elected CAUSIN, JOHN M. S. him to the Senate for the unexpired He was born in Maryland, a lawportion of his original term of six yer by profession, and was a Repreyears. When Mr. Buchanan became sentative in Congress, from his naPresident, he invited General Cass tive State, from 1843 to 1845. to the head of the Department of State, in which position he has ac- CAVANAUGH, J. M. quitted himself with characteristic He is a Representative in the ability. He has devoted some at- e is a Represetative in the Thirty-fifth Congress, from Minnetention to literary pursuits, and his sota. writings, speeches, and State papers would make several volumes. CHAFFEE, CALVIN C. Born in Saratoga County, New York, August 28, 1811. He early He was a Representative in Con- devoted himself to the study of megress, from New Jersey, from 1821 dicine, graduated at Middlebury to 1827, and died in Hackensack, College; and on becoming a citizen New Jersey, December 31, 1842, of Massachusetts, he was elected a aged fifty-eight years. i Representative in Congress, from that State, for the Thirty-fourth CATKHCART, CHARLES W. and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and is He was born in the Island of now a member of the Committee Madeira, and having taken up his on Invalid Pensions. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 99 CHALMERS, JOSEPH W. ter. When the seat of government was removed to Columbus, he was He was a Senator in Congress, f appointed Secretary of the Senate; from Miassissippi, from 1845 to 1847. during the years 1812 and 1813 he was aid-de-camp to General Cass; CHAMIBERLAIN, EBENEZER M. C B IN, EBENEZER M. and was a Representative in ConHe was born in Maine, and was gress, from Ohio, from 1821 to a Representative in Congress, from 1823. He subsequently served a Indiana, from 1853 to 1855. number of years in the State Legislature of Ohio; was Speaker in CHAMBERLAIN, JOHN C. 1844, and was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1851; -He graduated at Harvard lJniversity in 1793; practiced law at having also been elected Mayor of Alsteacd,: N~ew Hampshire; and was Zanesville, Recorder, and Clerk of I,~~~, the Court of Common Pleas. Of a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1809 to 1811. He diecd at Utica, New -York, Decem- voted to agricultural pursuits. ber 8, 1834, aged sixty-two years. CHAMBERS, EZEKIEL F. CIIAMBERLAIN, WILLIAM. He was a Senator in Congress, THe was a Representative in Con- from Maryland, from 1826 to 1835. gress, from Vermont, from 1803 to 1805, and again from 1809 to 1811. CHAMBERS, GEORGE. Born in Chambersburg, PennsylCHAMBERSn, DAVID. vania, in 17 86; graduated at PrinceHe was born in Allentown, North- ton College in 1804; studied law, ampton County, Pennsylvania, in and was admitted to the bar in 1807, 1780. He was educated by his and practiced extensively in the father, who was a school teacher; Franklin County courts. He was and in 1794 was employed as a con- a Representative in Congress from fidential express to carry dispatches 1833 to 1837, and was then elected from General Henry Lee to Presi- a delegate to the Pennsylvania Condent Washington, during the Whis- stitutional Convention. In 1851 ky Insurrection; in 1796 he was he was appointed by the Governor, placed in the office of the Aurora with the unanimous consent of the newspaper, to learn the printer's Senate, a trustee of the Supreme trade; and after spending the six- Court of the State, which office he teen subsequent years on a farm in held until the expiration of its Virginia, he removed to Zanesville, tenure under the constitution. Since Ohio, where he conducted a news- that time he has lived in retirement, paper, and was elected State prin- discharging many trusts and offices 100 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. in promotion of religion and educa- y vard University in 1786; was a tion, in the town of his birth, which member of Congress from 1797 to bears his father's name. 1801, and a Senator of the United States from 1809 to 1811. At the CHAMBERS, HENRY. time of his death, which occurred IHe was a Senator in Congress March 18, 1840, in the seventyfrom 1825 to 1826, from Alabama, fourth year of his age, he was Preanrd died in 1826. sident of the Rhode Island Bank. CtHIAMBERS, JOHN. CHANDLER, JOHN. Born in PN\ew Jersey in 1179; | He was a Councillor and Senator emigrated to Kentucky when thir- in Maine from 1803 to 1805; reteen years of age; studied law, and presented Massachusetts in Conpracticed the profession with suc- gress, from 1805 to 1808; and was cess; was an aid-de —camp to G~ene- elected to the Senate in 1820, being ral Harrison at the battle of the one of the first two Senators from Thames; was appointed Governor Maine after its separation from of the Territory of Iowa by Presi- Massachusetts. In 1829 he was dent Harrison, manifesting great appointed Collector of the port of ability and prudence in his inter- Portland. course with the Indians; and by CHANDLER, JOSEPH R. President Taylor he was appointed a Commissioner to make a treaty He was born in Massachusetts; with the Sioux Indians. He was was liberally educated, and studied a member of Congress, from Ken- law; edited a newspaper in Philatucky, from 1827 to 1829, and again delphia for many years; was a from 1835 to 1839. He died near Representative in Congress, from Paris, Kentucky, September 21, Pennsylvania, from 1849 to 1855; 1852. and was appointed Minister to Naples by President Buchanan in CHAMPION, EPAPHRODITUS. 1858. He was a Representative in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1807 CHANDLER, THOMAS. to 181 7; a man greatly respected He was a Representative in Confor his public and private character; gress, from New Hampshire, from and died at East Haddam, Connec- 1829 to 1833. ticut, November 22, 1835, aged seventy-eight years. CHANDLER, ZACHARIAH. He is a Senator in Congress from CHMPI, CHRISTOPHER G. Michigan, having succeeded SenaHe was a native of Newport, tor Cass in that capacity; he took Rhode Island; graduated at Har- his seat in the Thirty-fifth Congress. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 101 He is a member of the Committee Thirty-fifth Congress, from his naon the District of Columbia. tive State, serving as a member of the Committee on the Judiciary. CHANEY, JOHN. He was born in Maryland, and CHAPMAN, JOHN. was a Representative in Congress, He was a Representative in Confrom Ohio, from 1833 to 1839. gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1797 to 1799. CHAPIN, GRAHAM H. He was born in Connecticut; CHAPMAN, JOHN G. graduated at Yale College in 1817; He was born in Charles County, and was a Representative in Con- He was born in Charles County, gress, from New York, from 1835 Maryland, July 5, 1798, and died to 1837, and died in 1843. December 10, 1856. He laid the foundation of his education at Yale CHAPMAN, AUGUSTUS A. College, which he left during his senior term, on account of his health, He was born in Virginia, and and afterwards refused a diploma was a Representative in Congress, f which was tendered to him by the from that State, from 1843 to 1847. faculty. He studied law with WilCIHAPMAN, BIRD B. liam Wirt, and, after practicing for some time turned his attention to He was born in Connecticut, and, on removing to Nebraska, was elect- politics, and between the years 1824 on removing to Nebraska, was electand 1844, he was almost constantly ed a Delegate, from that Territory, to thev Tit-in the Legislature of Maryland. In 1845 he was elected a Representative in Congress, and again re-electCHAPMAN, CHARLES. ed in 1847, serving on important Born at Newtown, Fairfield Coun- committees, and doing much good ty, Connecticut, June 21, 1799; for his constituents and the public received a classical education; he at large. He was chosen President is a lawyer by profession; was three of the Convention which framed the times a member of the House of present Constitution of Maryland; Representatives of the State; he i,and his last public act was to preside was United States Attorney during as Chairman of the National Whig the administration of Mr. Tyler, and Convention, which met in Baltimore a Representative in the Thirty- in 1856, to nominate Millard Fillsecond Congress, from Connecticut. more for the Presidency. He was an eloquent speaker, filled all his CHAPMAN, HENRY. public trusts with fidelity, and died -Ie was born in Pennsylvania, lamented by a large number of warm and elected a Representative to the I personal friends. 102 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. CHAPMIAN, REUBEN. annual re-elections, until 1821. He e was born in Virginia, and then returned to his profession of He was born in Virginia, and the law for a few vears, and in 1824 was a Representative in Congress, w fronm Alabama, firom 1835 to 1847. he was again chosen United States Senator, front 1825 to 1831, incluCHAPPELL, JOHN J. sive, when he retired wholly from public life, and devoted his attention He was a Representative in Con- to farming and gardening, of which gress, firom South Carolina, fromhe was excessively fond. He was he was excessively fond. Ie was 1513 to 1817. a brother of the late Philander CHARLTON, ROBERT AI. Chase, Bishop of Illinois; and died at Randolph, Vermont, February He was a Judge, and a Senator 23, 1846. in Congress, from Georgia, in 1852 and 1853. He died in Savannah,HASE GEORGE W. January 18, 1854. He was born in New York, and CHASE, DUDLEY. was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. WVas born in Cornish, Sullivan County, New Hampshire, DecemCHASE, LUCIEN B. ber 30, 1771. He received an aca-, demic education, and graduated He was born in Vermont, and at Dartmouth College, in 1791. was a Representative in Congress, Having been admitted to the bar, from Tennessee, from 1845 to 1847, he commenced practice in Vermont, and for a second term, ending in and, from 1803 to 1811, he was 1849. States' Attorney for Orange County. He was a member of the Constitu- CIfASE, SALMON P. tional Conventions of 1814 and He was born in Cornish, New 1822. He was a Representative, Hampshire, January 13, 1808. His fiom Randolph, to the Legislature education began at home, and was of Vermont, in 1805, and the seven continued at the schools and acadesucceeding years, during five of mies of New Hampshire and Cenwhich he was Speaker of the House tral Ohio, and completed at the of Representatives, and was again Cincinnati College, and at Dartelected Representative, from the mouth, in New Hampshire. He same town, in 1823 and 1824. He studied law, in Washington City, was elected United States Senator, with William Wirt, and has pracfrom Vermont, from 1813 to 1819, ticed his profession in Cincinnati, but he resigned his seat in 1817. Ohio, for many years. His first He was chosen Chief Justice of the public position was that of School Supreme Court of Vermont, in Examiner, in Cincinnati, in 1839; 1817, holding the same office, by in 1840 he was a City Councilman; BIOGRAPHICAL S KETCHES. 103 was a Senator in Congress, from torney-General of the State. He Ohio, from 1849 to 1855; and was a Representative in Congress, elected Governor of Ohio, in 1855, from 1811 to 1816, and was Speaker and re-elected in 1857. during the second session of the Thirteenth Congress. He was also CHASE, SAMUEL. Judge of the Court of Common He was born in New York, and Pleas, from 1816 to 1819, and for was a Representative in Congress, a time President of the United from New Yorlk, from 1827 to 1829. States Bank. Resigning this trust, he returned to Carolina, and withCHASTAIN, EDWARD W. drew from public life. He died He was born in South Carolina, June 25, 1857. and was a Representative in Con- CHILTON, SAMIUEL. gress, from Georgia, from 1851 to He was born in Virginia, and was 1855. a Representative in Congress, from CHEATHAM, RICHARD. that State, from 1843 to 1845. He was a Representative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1837 to 1839. He was a native of Kentucky, and a Representative in Congress, from CHETWOOD, WILLIAM. that State, from 1827 to 1831, and Born in New Jersey, in 1769 for a second term, from 1833 to 1835. graduated at Princeton College in 1835. 1792; and admitted to the bar in 1798. During the Whisky Insur-, rection he attended Major-General He was born in New York, and Lee, as aid-de-camp; at one time was a Representative from that served in the State Council of New State during the Thirty-fourth ConJersey, and was elected to Congress, gress. to fill a vacancy, during the admin- CHILDS, TIMOTHY. istration of President Jackson. He He was born in Massachusetts; was an able lawyer, practiced his was a member of the Assembly of profession until his seventieth year, New York in 1828 and 1833; and and died December 18, 1857. was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1829 to 1831, CHEVES, LANGDON. from 1835 to 1839, and again from He was born in Abbeville Dis- 1841 to 1843. trict, South Carolina, in September, 1776; was admitted to the bar in CHINN, JOSEPH W. 1800; elected to the State Legisla- He was a Representative in Conture in 1808; and afterwards At- gress, from Virginia, from 1831 to 104 B I O GRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1835, and died at Richmond, De- of the United States District Court. cember 5, 1840. He was subsequently again elected Chief Justice, and from 1797 to CHINN, THOMXAS We. 11802 he was a member of the UniHe was born in Kentucky, and, ted States Senate. In 1793 he pubremoving to Louisiana, was elected lished "Sketches of the Principles a Representative in Congress, from of Government," and "Reports and 1839 to 1841. Dissertations." He died at Tinmouth, February 15, 1843. CHIPMAN, DANIEL. Born in 1765; graduated at Dart- CHIPMAN, WILLIAM W. mouth; was a lawyer by profession, He was a Delegate to Congress, and practiced at Ripton, Vermont. from the Territory of Iowa, from He was frequently Speaker of the 1839 to 1841. House of Representatives of his State, and was a member of the CCHITTENDEN, MARTIN. last Constitutional Convention; he He was born in 1769, in Saliswas the first reporter of the de- bury, Connecticut. He was a memcisions of the Supreme Court, and ber of Congress, from Vermont, the author of an able work on Law from 1803 to 1813, and Governor Contracts for the Sale of Specific of Vermont in 1813 and 1814. He Articles, which is highly esteemed was a graduate of Dartmouth Colby the profession. He was a mem- lege in 1789, an'd died in 1840. ber of Congress, from 1814 to 1817, and died in Ripton, April 23, 1850. CHOATE, RUFUS. Was born at Ipswich, MassachunCHIPMAN, JOHN S. CHIPMAN, JOHN S. setts, in October, 1799. He graduHe was born in Vermont, and ated at Dartmouth College in 1819, was a Representative in Congress, and was afterwards chosen a tutor from Michigan, from 1845 to 1847. in that institution, but having selected the law for his profession, he CHIPMAN, NATHANIEL. entered the law school at Cambridge. Born in Salisbury, Connecticut, He completed his legal studies at November 15, 1752; graduated at an office in Salem, and commenced Yale College in 1777; and settled the practice of his profession in the as a lawyer in Tinmouth, Vermont, town of Danvers, in 1824. In 1825 and was Professor of Law for twen- he was elected a Representative to ty-eight years in Middlebury Col- the Massachusetts Legislature, and lege. In 1786 he was elected a in 1827 he was in the Senate of the Judge of the Supreme Court; in same State. He took a prominent 1789 he was chosen Chief Justice; part in the debates, and won much and in 1791 was appointed Judge reputation by his energy and saga BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 105 city. In 1832 he was elected a CILLEY, JONATHAN. member of Congress from the Es- He was born in Maine in 1803; sex District, but declined a re-elec- graduated at Bowdoin College in tion in 1834, and removed to Bos- 1825; adopted the profession of ton, to devote himself to his profes- law; was at one time Speaker of sion. Here he took an eminent the House of Representatives of position at the bar, and soon came Maine; and a member of Congress, into an extensive practice. In 1841, from 1837 to the time of his death. on the retirement of Mir. Webster He was killed, at the third fire, in a from the Senate, Mr. Choate was duel fought with William J. Graves, elected to fill the vacancy, but he at Bladensburg, Maryland, Februafterwards resigned his seat, and ary 24, 1838, with rifles, at eighty gave himself up wholly to his pro- yards distance. fession. He was a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution, but holds CILLEY, JOSEPH no public office now. He was born in New Hampshire, and was a Representative in ConCHRISMAN, JAMES S., gress, from that State, from 1846 He was born in Kentucky, and to 1847. was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. CLAGETT, CLIFTON. He was born in Rockingham CHRISTIE, GABRIEL. County, New Hampshire; was a He was a Representative in Con- Representative in Congress, from gress, from Maryland, from 1793 to that State, from 1803 to 1805; and 1797, and from 1799 to 1801. again from 1817 to 1821. CHRISTIE, HENRY. CLAIBORNE, JOHN. He was a Representative in ConHe was a Representative in Congress, from Tirginia, from 180$ to gress from Kentucky, from 1809 to, 1808. 1811. CLAIBORNE, JOHN F. H. CHURCHWELL, WILLIAM W. Was a native of Natchez, MisHe was born in Tennessee, and He was a pbornti in Tennessee, and sissippi, educated and licensed as a was a Representative in Congress, in Virginia; was a Repre from that State, from 1852 to 1855. sentative in the Legislature of Mississippi during three sessions, and a CILLEY, BRADBURY. Representative in Congress, from He was a Representative in Con- 1835 to 1838; has since conducted gress, from New Hampshire, from the Vaatchez Fur Trader, and Lou1813 to 1814. isiana Courier, leading journals of 10C BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. the South, and is editor of an agri- CLAPP, ASA W. H. cultural journal, published in New He was born in Maine, and was Orleans. He holds the office of a Representative in Congress United States Timber Agent, for that State, from 1847 to 1849. the District of Louisiana and Mississippi, to which he was appointed CLARK. ABRAHAM. by President Pierce. He is said Born near Elizabethtown, New to be engaged on a historical work Jersey, ebruary 15, 126. He Jersey February 15, 1726. He relating to the Southwest. was a self-made man, and, because of his habit of giving legal advice CLAIBORNE, NATHANIEL H. gratuitously, he was called the He was born in Virginia, and "Poor Man's Counsellor." He was a Representative in Congress, was sheriff, and clerk of the Cofrom that State, from 1825 to 1837. lonial Assembly, one of the Delegates to the Continental Congress, CLAIBORNE, THOMAS. and a signer of the Declaration of Independence; and, after the adopHe was a Representative in Contion of the Constitution, was a Regress, from Virginia, from 1793 to,,y - presentative in Congress, from 1791 1799, and again from 1801 to 1805. presenta e to 1794. He died September 15, 1794, of stroke of the sun. CLAIBORNE, THOMAS. He was a Representative in Con- CLARK, ARCHIBALD S. gress, from Tennessee, from 1817 to He was a member of the New 1819. York Senate for four years, beginning with 1813, and was a RepreCLAIBORNE, mWILLIAM C. C. jsentative in Congress, from New He studied law, and settled in York, from 1816 to 1817. Tennessee, of which State he assisted in forming the Constitution, CLARK, BAYARD. and afterwards represented it in He was born in New York, and Congress, from 1797 to 1801. In was a Representative from -New 1801 he was appointed Governor of York, in the Thirty-fourth Conthe Mississippi Territory, and in gress. 1804 of Louisiana, and to that ofCLARK, BEVERLY S. fice he was also chosen by the peo-, ple, after the adoption of its Con- He was born in Virginia, and stitution, from 1812 to 1816. He was a Representative in Congress, was then elected a Senator of the from Kentucky, from 1847 to 1849. United States, but died before he took his seat, at New Orleans, No- CLARK, CHRISTOPHER. vember 23, 1817. Hie was a Representative in Con BIO G RAPH I CAL SKE TCHE S. 107 gress, from Virginia, from 1804 to CLARK, JAMES. 1806. He was a Representative in ConCLARK, DANIEL. gress, fromI Kentucky, from 1813 to 1816, and again from 1825 to 1831, Born in Stratham Rockinoham n Born in tratha, Rockigham and was Governor of the State in County, New Hampshire, October 1836. He died at Frankfort, Ken24, 1809; graduated at Dartmouth tucky, August 27, 1839. College in 1834; is a lawyer by profession; was a member of the House CLARK, JAIES W. of Representatives of New Hampshire, in 1842, 1843, and 1846, and Born in Bertie County, North again in 1854 and 1855. In 1857 Carolina; graduated at Princeton he was chosen a Senator in Con- College in 196; was for several gress, and is a member of the years in the House of Commons; Committees on Claims and Public a Presicential Elector in 1812; 1Buildings and G~rounds. three years a member of the State Senate; and a Representative in CLARK, EZRA, Ji. Congress, from 1815 to 1817. He Hle was born in Vermont, and was in 1828 appointed Chief Clerk of the Navy Department, and died having removed to Connecticut,, in the sixty-fifth year of his age. was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fourth Congress, and reelected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, CLARK, JOHN B. serving as a member of the Con- Born in Madison County, Kenmittee on Elections. tucky, April 17, 1802. A lawyer by profession; removed to MisCLARK, FRANKLIN. CLARK, FRANKILIN. souri, and was appointed Clerk of He was born in Maine, and was Howard County Court, in 1824, a Representative in Congress, from serving till 1834. In 1832 comthat State, from 1847 to 1849. manded a regiment of mounted militia during the Black Hawk CLbARK, I-IHORACEli F. war, and made major-general of He was born in Southbury, N'ew militia in 1848; elected to the Haven County, Connecticut; gra- Legislature during the session of duated at Williams College, Massa- 1850-51; was chosen, by the State, chusetts; adopted the law as a as commanding officer to expel the profession; and is a member of the Mormons from Missouri, and is a Thirty-fifth Congress, from New member of the Thirty-fifth ConYork, serving as a member of the gress, serving on the Committee Committee on the Judiciary. He on Territories. He has been rehas also been re-elected to the elected to the Thirty-sixth ConThirty-sixth Congress. gress. 108 BIOGRAPa HICAL SKETCHES. CLARK, LINCOLN. CLARK, WILLIAM. He was born in Massachusetts, He was for some time, prior to and, on removing to Iowa, was 1828, State Treasurer of Pennsylelected a Representative in Con- vania. In 1828 was appointed gress, from that State, from 1851 Treasurer of the United States, and to 1853. held the office for one year. From 1833 to 1837 he was a member of CLARK, LOT. the House of Representatives in He was born in New York, was Congress. He died in Dauphin a Representative in Congress, from County, Pennsylvania, April 28, 1823 to 1825, when he was ap- 1851. pointed Postmaster at Norwich, New York; and was a member ofKE, the New York Assembly in 1846. Born in New York City, March 17, 1815; educated at Geneva ColCLARK, M. S. lege, and studied law. In 1836 he He was a Representative in Con- was Attache and Secretary to Genegress, from Pennsylvania, during ral Cass's Embassy to France, and the years 1820 and 1821. continued in that position four years. Ite then took a course of CLARK, ROBERT. study at the Royal School of Cavalry, in France, and afterwards He was born in Washington served in the 2d Regiment of draCounty, New York, was a member goons, through the Florida war. of the Assembly of that State, from goons, through the Florida war. He resigned in 1843, and settled at 1812 to 1815; a Representative in 1812 to 1815; a Representative in Westchester, New York, which DisCongress, from 1819 to 1821; and trict he represented in the Thirtya delegate to the State Constitutional Convention held in the latter fourth Congress. year. | CLARKE, CHARLES E. CLARK, SAMUEL. I He was born in New York, and IHe was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1851. from New York, from 1833 to 1835. In 1839 and 1840 he was a member of the New York Assembly, CLARK, SAMUEL. from Jefferson County. He was born in New York, and, on removing to Michigan, was CLARKE, DANIEL. elected a Representative in Con- He was a Delegate to Congress, gress, from that State, from 1853 to from the Territory of Orleans or 1855. Louisiana, from 1806 to 1809. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 109 CLARKE, HENRY S. removed to Huntsville, Alabama, in 1811, where he has resided ever since. During the Creek war, he Carolina. He studied law; went saw some service as a soldier. He into the State Legislature in 1834; was Solicitor for the State in 1842; practiced his profession until 1817, and a Representative in Congress, he was elected a member of from North Carolina, fromn 1845 to the Territorial Council of Alabama; fromNorthCarolina,1847.from1845 toin 1819 he was chosen one of the Judges of the Circuit Court; in CLARKE, JOHN C. 1820 was chosen Chief Justice of that Court, and resigned in 1823; He was born in Connecticut;. in 1828 he was elected to the State served in the Assembly of New Legislature, and was made Speaker; York in 1826; and was a Repre- he was a Representative in ConState, fromin 1827re r to 1829, and gress, from Alabama, from 1827 to Statefrom 183f7 to 18 2943. again 1835; in 1835 he was elected Governor of Alabama, serving two CLARKE, JOHN H. years; and in 1837 he was elected a Senator in Congress for the term He was a Senator in Congress, ending in 1842. from Rhode Island, from 1847 to 1853. CLAY, CLEMENT C, JR. CLAIRKE, STAL:EY N. I IHe was born in Madison, AlaHle was a Representative in Con- bama, about the year i819; gragress, from New York, from 1841 duated at the University of Alato 1843. bama,.and spent two years at the University of Virginia; studied law CLAWSON, ISAIAH D. and commenced the practice at He was born in New Jersey, and Huntsville, Alabama, in 1840; was elected a Representative from served in the Legislature of Alathat State to the Thirty-fourth Con- bama in 1842, 1844, and 1845; and gress, and re-elected to the Thirty- was elected by the Legislature, in fifth Congress, serving as a member 1846, Judge of the Madison County of the Committee on Revolutionary Court, serving two years, when he Claims. resigned. In 1853 he was elected a Senator in Congress, from AlaCLtAY, CLEnMENT C. h bama, and in 1857 was re-elected He was born in Halifax County, for the term of six years, receiving Virginia, December 17, 1789; gra- every vote in the Legislature. He duated at the University of East is Chairman of the Committee on Tennessee; studied law, and was Commerce and a member of the admitted to the bar in 1809; and Committee on Pensions. 110 BIOGRAP HICAL SKETCHES. CLAY, HENRY. of peace at Ghent. Returning Born in Hanover County, Vir- from this mission, he was re-elected ginia, April 12, 1777. Having re- to Congress, and in 1818, he spoke ceived a common school education, in favor of recognizing the indehe became at an early age, a copy- pendence of the South American ist in the office of the clerk of the Republics. In the same year, he Court of Chancery, at Richmond. put forth his strength in behalf of At nineteen he commenced the study a national system of internal imof law, and shortly afterwards re- provements. A monument of stone, moved to Lexington, Kentucky, inscribed with his name, was erected where he was admitted to the bar on the Cumberland road, to cornin 1799, and soon obtained exten- memorate his services in behalf of sive practice. He began his political that improvement. In the session career, by taking an active part in of 1819-20, he exerted himself for the election of delegates to frame the establishment of protection to a new constitution for the State of American industry, and this was Kentucky. In 1803 he was elected followed by services in adjusting to the Legislature by the citizens of the Missouri Compromise. After Fayette County; and in 1806 he the settlement of these questions, was appointed to the United States he withdrew from Congress, in order Senate for the remainder of the to attend to his private affairs. In term of General Adair, who had 1823 he returned to Congress and resigned. In 1807 he was again was re-elected Speaker; and at this elected a member of the General session he exerted himself in supAssembly of Kentucky, and was port of the independence of Greece. chosen Speaker. In the following Under John Quincy Adams, he year occurred his duel with Hum- filled the office of Secretary of State; phrey Marshall. In 1809 he was the attack upon Mr. Adams's adagain elected to the United States ministration, and especially upon Senate for the unexpired term of the Secretary of State, by John Mr. Thurston, resigned. In 1811 Randolph, led to a hostile meethe was elected a member of the ing between him and Mr. Clay, House of Representatives, and was which terminated without bloodchosen Speaker, on the first day of shed. In 1829 he returned to Kenhis appearance in that body, and tucky; and in 1831 was elected to was five times re-elected to this of- the United States Senate, where he fice. During this session, his elo- commenced his labors in favor *of quence aroused the country to resist the Tariff; in the same month of the aggressions of Great Britain, his reappearance in the Senate, he and awakened a national spirit. In was unanimously nominated for Pre1814, he was appointed one of the sident of the United States. In Commissioners to negotiate a treaty 1836 he was re-elected to the Se B I OGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 111 nate, where he remained until 1842, to St. Louis, Missouri, then a city when heresigned, and took his final of only eight thousand, and settled leave, as he supposed, of that body. upon a farm; and when twenty-one In 1839 he was again nominated years of age, he returned to Kenfor the Presidency, but General tucky. After spending two years Harrison was selected as the can- in the manufacturing business, he didate. IHe also received the nomi- graduated at the Law School of nation, in 1844, for President, and Lexington, and practiced law as the was defeated in this election by Mr. partner of his father, the Honorable Polk. He remained in retirement Henry Clay, until 1849; and durin Kentucky, until 1849, when he ing that year President Taylor apwas re-elected to the Senate of the pointed him Charge d'Affaires to United States. Here he devoted Lisbon; and having returned home all his energies to the measures by order of the Government, he was known as the Compromise Acts. mentioned by name in President His efforts during this session Fillmore's Message of 1850. In weakened his strength, and he went 1851 he again took up his residence for his health to Havana and New in Missouri, but returned to KenOrleans, but with no permanent tucky in 1853, when he became the advantage; he returned to Wash- proprietor of Ashland. He was ington, but was unable to partici- elected to *Congress in 1857, and pate in the active duties of the still continues a member, serving Senate, and resigned his seat, to on the Committee on Foreign Retake effect upon the 6th of Septem- lations. ber, 1852. He died in Washington City, June 29, 1852. He was in- CLAY, JOSEPH. terested in the success of the Co- He graduated at Princeton Collonization Society, and was for a lege in 1784; was a Representative long time one of its most efficient in Congress, from Pennsylvania, officers, and also its president. His from 1803 to 1808; and died in Life and Letters, and also his 1811. Speeches, were published in several volumes by the late Calvin Colton. CLAY, MATTHEW. He was a Representative in ConCLAY, JAMES B. gress, from Virginia, from 1797 to Born in Washington City, No- 1813. vember 9, 1817. He received his classical education at Transylvania CLAYTON, AUGUSTIN S. University in Kentucky, and at the Born in Fredericksburg, Virginia, age of fifteen went to Boston, where November 27, 1783, and died at his he spent two years in a counting- residence, in Athens, Georgia, June house. From Boston he emigrated 21, 1839. He was educated at the 112 BIO G RAP I CAL SKETCHES. University of Georgia; read law, of Taylor, in July, 1850. During and practiced it with eminent sue- this period he negotiated the famous cess; served in the State Legisla- Clayton-Bultwer Treaty. He was ture; was appointed Judge of the for the third time elected to the SeSuperior Court; and was a R epre- nate, and took his seat March, 1851, sentative in Congress, from 1831 to and died a Senator, November 9, 1835. He was for many years 1856. During his last term in the skeptical on the subject of the Senate, he vindicated, with marked Christian religion, but at the time ability, the principles of the treaty of his death was a sincere believer, which he inaugurated. At the bar and a member of the Methodist he was a learned lawyer and an eloEpiscopal Church. He acquired quent advocate; and during his some distinction as a politician, whole public career acquitted himand the political pamphlet called self uprightly, with dignity, and re"Crockett's Life of Van Buren," is cognized ability. He had two sons, said to have been the production of both of whom preceded him to the Ihis pen. grave. CLAYTON, JOHN M. CLAYTON, JOSIIUA eHe was the Governor of DelaBorn in Sussex County, Dela-, ware from 1793 to 1796, and was ware, July 24, 1796; graduated at to chosen a Senator of the United Yale College in 1815; was bred to athle b, having studied law in the States in 1798, and died the followthe bar, having studied law in the ing year. office of John Clayton, and for a time in the law school at Litchfield, I CLAYTON, THOMlAS. Connecticut. -Ie commenced practice in 1818, and soon attained emi- He was a Representative in Connence in his profession. He was, gress, from Delaware, from 1813 to in 1824, elected to the State Legis- 1817, and United States Senator lature, and subsequently Secretary from 1823 to 1826, and again from of State of Delaware; and in 1829 1837 to 1847. He had been at difwas chosen a Senator in Congress. ferent periods a member of the HIe was re-elected in 1835, and re- Delaware Legislature, Chief Justice signed in December, 1836. In of the Court of Common Pleas, and January, 1837, was appointed Cheffi of the Superior Court. He died in Justice of Delaware, which office he Newcastle, Delaware, August 21, resigned in 1839. He was again 1854, aged seventy-six years. elected to the Federal Senate in 1845, and was a Senator until 1849, CLEEVELAND, J. F. when he became Secretary of State He was a Representative in Conunder President Taylor, which po- gress, from Georgia, from 1836 to sition he occupied until the death 1839, but subsequently removed to BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 113 Charleston, where he became a mer- cal campaigns has held several confichant, and died May 19, 1841. dential positions in his native State; and was elected a member of ConCLEMENS, JEREMIAH. gress, from December, 1852, to Hie was born in Huntsville, Ala- March, 1853, and elected to the bama, December 28, 1814, and was Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the educated at La Grange College, and Committees on Manufactures and the University of Alabama. He Revolutionary Pensions. studied law at the University of CLENDENEN, DAVID. Transylvania, in Kentucky, and was admitted to the bar in 1834. In He was a Representative in Con1838 he was appointed United gress, from Ohio, from 1815 to States Attorney for the Northern 1817. District of Alabama; in 1839, 1840, and 1841 he was elected to the CLEVELAND, CHAUNCEY F. State Legislature; in 1842 raised a Born in Hampton, Connecticut, company of volunteer troops, and in 1799; was educated in the comwent to Texas, having been ap- mon schools of that vicinity; studied pointed lieutenant-colonel, and sub- law, and was admitted to the bar sequently, to the same office in in 1819; he was in the Connecticut the regular army; in 1843 and Legislature in 1826, 1827, 1828, 1844 he was again elected to the 1829, 1832, 1835, 1836, 1838, Legislature; in 1844 served as a 1847, and 1848, and twice elected Presidential Elector; in 1848 was Speaker; he was appointed Attorappointed Governor of the Civil ney for the State in 1832; and was and Military Department of Pur- Governor of Connecticut in 1842 chase in Mexico, which position he and 1843. IHe was a Representaheld until the close of the war; and tive in Congress, from 1849 to 1853. he was a Senator in Congress, from Alabama, from 1849 to 1853. He CLIFFORD, NATHAN. was also a Presidential Elector in He was born in Rumney, Grafton 1856. As an author Mr. Clemens County, New Iamsphire, August has published two novels, entitled 18, 1803. He fitted for College at "Bernard Lile" and "Mustang the Haverhill Academy, and comGray," the first in 1853, and the pleted his education at the Hamplast in 1857. He is now an editor. ton Literary Institution. He studied law, and, after being admitted CLEMENS, SIHERRABRD. to the bar, removed to Maine in Born at Wheeling, Virginia, 1827. He was elected to the LeApril 28, 1826; graduated atWash- gislature, from York County, in ington College, Pennsylvania; a law- 1830, and re-elected for three years, yer by profession, and during politi- during the last two occupying the 8 114 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. post of Speaker. In 1834 he was prudence; but just as he was about appointed Attorney-General for the to enter upon the practice of his State of Maine, which office he held profession, he was elected to the four years; and he was a Repre- House of Commons of the State. sentative in Congress from 1839 to On his retirement from the Legis1843. In 1846 he was appointed, lature in 1836, he removed to Ashby President Polk, Attorney-Gene- ville, in Buncombe County, where ral of the United States, which he still resides. Hewas soon after office he held until March, 1847, elected by a large vote to a seat in when he was appointed Commis- the State Senate of North Carosioner to Mexico. When peace lina. In 1843 he was elected to was declared between this country Congress, and with the exception and Mexico, he was appointed Min- of one term, he has been a member, ister to that Republic; on his return until recently, of the House of Reto the United States he settled in presentatives ever since his first Portland, devoting himself to his election-a period of about thirteen profession; and in 1858 was ap- years. On entering the Thirtypointed, by President Buchanan, an fifth Congress, he was appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme Chairman of the Committee on Court of the United States. Foreign Affairs, and on the resignation of Senator Biggs, he was appointed a Senator in Congress, CLINCH, DUNCAN L. and in November, 1858, his appointWas a general in the United ment was confirmed by an election States army; and from 1843 to by the Legislature. Though so 1845 a Representative in Congress long identified with politics, he has from Georgia. He was a brave not neglected the pursuits of literasoldier and noble-hearted man. ture and science, having made himDied at MSacon, Georgia, October self acquainted with the soil, cli28, 1849. mate, and manifold capabilities of his section of North Carolina; and CLINGMAN, THOMAS L. from time to time has given to the world the result of his observations Born in Huntsville, Surry Co., upon these subjects. He has made North Carolina. He commenced contributions to the sciences of ge*his classical studies under private ology and mineralogy, and brought instructors, and afterwards entered to light many facts connected with Chapel Hill University as a sopho- the mountains of North Carolina,,more, where he graduated. After one of the highest peaks of which leaving Chapel Hill he studied law, it was his fortune to explore and and in a short time mastered the measure, and which now bears his elementary principles of legal juris- name. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 115 CLINTON, DE WITT. by President Adams. He died at Albany, February, 11, 1828. Born at Little Britain, in Orange County, New York, March 2, 1769. CLINTON, GEORGE. He graduated at Columbia College, CLINTON, GEORGE. with the highest honors, in 1786. Born in Ulster County, New He studied law, but never engaged York, July 26, 1739, and died at muchin its practice. Hewas elect- Washington City, April 20, 1812. ed to the Senate of New York in He commenced life by sailing in a 17'99. In July 1802 he fought a privateer; served as a lieutenant in duel with Mr. Swartwout, arising the expedition against Fort Fronfrom political controversy concern- tenac; he afterwards studied law; ing Mr. Burr. He was a Senator was a member of the Colonial Asof the United States from 1802 to sembly, and also of the Provincial 1803, and was chosen MPiiifayor of Congress in 1775; he was appointNew York in 1803, holding this ed abrigadier-general in 177; was office until 1815, excepting the years Governor of New York for eighteen 1807 and 1810. While he was years; from 1795 to 1800 he lived Mayor, he was also for several years in retirement; was again chosen a State Senator, and the lieutenant- Governor in 1804; and having been governor. Under his auspices, also, elected Vice-Presicent of the United the Historical Society of New York States during the last year, he reand the Academy of Fine Arts were tained the office until his death, incorporate~d, the New dYork City consequently officiating as President Hall was founded, the Orphan Asy- of the Senate a period of eight years. lumr established, and the city fortified. He took a great interest, as,, early as 1817, in, and did more than He was born in New York; was any other man in behalf of, the Erie a member of the New York AsCanal, and that great work was sembly in 1801 and 1802; and a finished during his administration Representative in Congress, from as Governor, in 1825. In 1812 he that State, from 1804 to 1809. consented to become the candidate of the peace party for the Presidency of the United States. In He was born in New York, and 1823 and 1824 he was President of was a Representative in Congress, the Board of Canal Commissioners, from New York, from 1841 to 1845. and during the latter year was elected Governor of the State, and in CLOPTON, JOHN. 1826 was re-elected to the same He was a Representative in Conoffice; he afterwads declined the gress, from Virginia, from 1795 to embassy to England, offered to him 1799, and again from 1801 to 1816. 116 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. CLOWNEY, W. K. I COBB, DAVID. He was born in South Carolina; He graduated at Princeton Colgraduated at the South Carolina lege in 1783; was a Representative College in 1818; adopted the pro- in Congress from Massachusetts, fession of law; was Commissioner from 1793 to 1795; and was also a in Equity of South Carolina; and member of the State Legislature. was a Representative in Congress, He died in 1830. from that State, from 1833 to 1835, and again from 1837 to 1839. COBB, HOWELL. The uncle of Secretary Cobb, and for whom he was named, was born CLYMER, GEORGE. CLYMER, GEORGE. in Granville, North Carolina, and He was a patriot of the Revolu- was a Representative in Congress, tion, and born in Philadelphia in from Georgia, from 1807 to 1812. 1739. He engaged in mercantile During the last war with England pursuits, and early espoused the he served with credit as a captain cause of his country. In 1773 he in the army, and after peace was resolutely opposed the sale of tea declared, he settled upon a plantasent out by the British government, tion, and devoted his whole attenand not a pound was sold in Phila- tion to agriculture. He died about delphia. In 1775 he was one of the year 1820. the first Continental Treasurers. In 1776 he was a member of Con- COBB, HOWELL. gress, and signed the Declaration He was born in Jefferson County, of Independence. In 1774 his fur- Georgia, September 7, 1815. When niture was destroyed by the enemy. a child, his father removed to Athens, In 1 780 he co-operated with Robert Georgia, where he has since resided. Morris in the establishment of a He graduated at Franklin College bank for the relief of the country. in 1834; he studied law, and was I-le was a member of the old Con- admitted to the bar in 1836; in gress in 1780, and a Representative, 1837 he received the appointment under the Constitution, from 1789 of Solicitor-General of the Western to 1791. In 1791 he was placed Circuit, which he held four years; at the head of the Excise Depart- and he was elected a Representative ment in Pennsylvania. In 1796 he in Congress in 1842, having been was sent to Georgia to negotiate a re-elected in 1844, 1846, and 1848, treaty with the Creek and Chero- and during his latter term he was kee Indians. He was afterwards elected Speaker. On his retirePresident of the Philadelphia Bank ment from Congress, he was chosen and of the Academy of Fine Arts. Governor of Georgia; in 1855 he Ile died at Morrisville, Bucks Coun- was again elected to Congress; and ty, January 23, 1813. on the accession of Mr. Buchanan BIOGRAP}TICAL SKETCHES. 117 to the Presidency, Governor Cobb on Public Lands. The credit is went into his cabinet as Secretary awarded to him of having engiof the Treasury, where he still con- neered through Congress the Bountinues. ty Land Bill of 1850, and the Graduation Bill of 1854. COBB, THOMAS W. He was born in Buckingham COCHRAN, JOHN. County, Virginia, and attained a high position as a lawyer. He was He was a major of militia, and a Representative in Congress, from represented the State of New York Georgia, from 1817 to 1821, and in Congress, from 1797 to 1799. again from 1823 to 1824; and he died at Oswego, New York, was a Senator in Congress from November 7, 1848, aged seventy1824 to 1828. He was subse- nine years. quently chosen a Judge of the Superior Court, and died at Greens- COCHRANE, C. B. borough in 1830. Born in NewBoston, New Hampshire, May 31, 1815; graduated at COBB, WILLIAMSON, R. W. Union College, Schenectady, New York; a lawyer by profession; He was born in Ray County,, member of the New York LegislaTennessee, in 1807, and in 1809 his fThereme, oe t Mandisn C ture in 1843 and 1844; and a Refather removed to Madison County,, presentative in the Thirty-fifth ConAlabama, with the prosperity of Alabama, wihtgress, from New York, serving on which State his name has been the Committee on Expenditures in the Committee on Expenditures in identified for many years. He re-.. the War Department. He has also ceived a good common school education, and then turned his attention been reelected to the Thirty-sith to farming. From this pursuit he was called, in 1845, to a seat in the COCHRANE, JOHN. State Legislature, where he remained two years. In 1847 he was Born at Palatine, Montgomery elected a Representative in Con- County, New York; studied at gress, from Alabama, in which ca- Union and graduated at Hamilton pacity he has served his adopted College, New York; is a lawyer by State, by successive re-elections, profession; was Surveyor of the port down to the present time. During of New York for four years, and eight years of his Congressional ca- elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress. reer, he has officiated as Chairman He is the Chairman of the Commitof the Committee on Unfinished tee on Commerce. I-Ie has also Business, and the balance of the been re-elected to the Thirty-sixth time as Chairman of the Committee Congress. 118 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. COCKE, JOHN. COFFEE, JOHN. He was born in Brunswick Coun- He was a member of Congress, ty, Virginia, in 1772; in early life from Georgia, from 1833 to 1837, he emigrated to Tennessee, adopted and died in Telfair County, of that the profession of law, and became a State, September 25, 1836. member of the first Legislature of the State, in 1796; he was Speaker COFFIN, CHARLES G. of the House for many years, and He was a Representative in Conalso a member of the Senate. From gress, from Ohio, from 1838 to 1819 to 1827 he was a Representa- 1839. tive in Congress, from his adopted State. He died in Grundy County, COFFIN, PELEG. Tennessee, February 16, 1854. He was a Representative in ConCOCKE, WIL2IAM. gress, from Massachusetts, from 1793 to 1795. He was a Senator in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1796 to 1797, COIT, JOSHUA. and again from 1799 to 1805, and Born in New London, Conn., Ocwas appointed in 1814, by President tober 7, 158; graduated at HariMadison, Indian Agent for the vard University in 1776; he studied Chiclkasaw nation. law and settled in New London in 1779; and he was a Representative COCKE, WILLIAM M. in Congress, from 1793 to 1798. HIle was born in Tennessee, and He also served a number of years in the Legislature of Connecticut. was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847, ed n ew London, eptember enin i 5, 1798, of yellow fever. and for a second term, ending in 1849. COKE, RICHARD. COCKERELL, JOSEPH RI. He was a lawyer by profession, He was born in Virginia, and, possessed talents of a eigh having removed to Ohio, was elected order, and an energy seldom equala Representative to the Thirty-fifth ed. He was a Representative in Congress, and is a member of the Congress, from Virginia, from 1829 Committees on Public Expenditures to 1833, and for many years a proand Expenses in the War Depart- nminent member of the bar. He died ment. in Abingdon, Virginia, March 30, 1851. COCKRAN, JAMES. A Representative in Congress, COLCOCK, WILLIAM F. from North Carolina, from 1809 to He was born in South Carolina; 1813. graduated at the South Carolina BIO GRAPHIICAL SKETCHES. 119 College in 1823; adopted the pro- COLFAX, SCHUYLER. fession of law; was a member of the 3orn in New York City, Marcl State Legislature, and Speaker of 23, 1823; received a good Common the House; and was a Representa- School education; was bred a ~tive in Congress, from South Caro- printer; and settled in Indiana in lina, from 1849 to 1853. 1836. He has been the editor and publisher of the South Bend RegisCOLDEN, CADWALLADE.R D.T ter ever since he became of age; he HIe was for many years a promi- was a member, in 1850, of the State nent member of the New York bar; Constitutional Convention; in 1848 at one time MIa.yor of New York; and 1852 he was a delegate to the and a member of Congress, from Whig National Convention of those 1821 to 1823. He was an early years, and the Secretary of each and intimate friend of Robert Ful- Convention; and, in 1854, he was ton, and wrote his biography; he elected a Representative in Conwas highly respected for his talents gress, from Indiana, where he still and virtues, and died in Jersey City, continues, serving on the Committee New Jersey, January 7, 1834, aged on Indian Affairs. He has also sixty-five years. been re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress. COLE, ORSAMUS. lHe was born in New York, and COLLAMER, JACOB. was a Representative in Congress, Born in Troy, New York, in from Wisconsin, from 1849 to 1851. 1792, but removed with his father to Burlington, Vermont, when a COLEMAN, NICHOLAS D. child. He graduated at the Uni-le was a Represe-ntative in Con- versity of Vermont in 1810; served grless, from Kentucky, from 1829 to as a subaltern during the first cam1831, and was in that year ap- paign of the last war with England; pointedl Postmaster -at Maysville, studied law, and was admitted to Kentucky. the bar in 1813, and practiced until 1833, during which time he was for COLES, ISAAC. several years a member of the State Legislature; and Judge of the Supreme Court of Vermont, -from 1833 gress, from Virginia, from 1789 to 1e91, from Virginia, from 1793 to to 1841. In 1843 was a Representa1791, and again from 1793 to 1797. tive to Congress, served by re-elections till 1849; and in March of COLES, WALTER. that year was appointed PostmasHe was born in Virginia, and was ter-General in the cabinet of Prea Representative in Congress, from sident Taylor. Resigned in 1850, that State, from 1835 to 1845. with the rest of the cabinet, after 120 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. the death of the President; was re- Revolution, and a Representative in appointed Judge in Vermont, which Congress in 1789. He died at Newoffice he held until 1854, when he port, in March, 1795, aged seventywas elected to the United States eight. Senate for six years, commencing March, 1855. He is a member of COLLINS, WILLIAM. the Committee on Territories, and He was born in New York, and that on the Judiciary. was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849. COLLIER, JOHN A. COLQUIT, ALFRED I-I. He was a Representative in Con-, gress, from New York, from 1831 He was a native of Georgia, and to 1838. a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. COLLIN, JOHN F. COLQUITT, W. T. Born in Hillsdale, Columbia He was born in Halifax County County, New York, April 30, 1802. Virginia, December 27, 1799; was He received a common school edu- educated at Princeton College, and cation, and has devoted himself admitted to the bar in 1820. He chiefly to agricultural pursuits. He was a brigadier-general of militia at served in the State Legislature in the aga if tenteona in 1826 as the age of twenty-one; in 1826 was 1834, was a member, for some years, appointed a District Judge, and of the County Board of Supervisors, held the first court ever held in Coand was a Representative in Con- lumbus; was appointed to the same gress, from New York, from 1845 office in 1829; was a member of the to 1847.. State Senate in 1834 and 1837; COLLINS LA.a Representative in Congress, from COLLINS, ELA. Georgia, from 1839 to 1843; and lHe commanded a regiment of a Senator in Congress, from 1843 militia near Sackets Harbor, New to 1849. He was also a member of York, in 1814; he represented the Nashville Convention in 1850; Lewis County in the Legislature of and he died at Macon, Georgia, the State, and in 1821 was a mem- May 7, 1855. ber of the State Constitutional Convention; he was in Congress, from COLSTON, EDWARD. 1823 to 1825; and died at Lowville, Born in Berkely County,Virginia, Lewis County, November 23, 1848. in 1788, and graduated at Princeton College in 1806. HI-e served COLLINS, JOHN. for a long time as magistrate of the Governor of Rhode Island, from county, and in the capacity of high 1786 to 1789, succeeding William sheriff; was frequently a member of Greene. He was a patriot of the the State Legislature; and was a BIOGRAPHI AL SKETCHES. 121 Representative in Congress, from COMSTOCK, OLIVER C. 1817 to 1819. He died April 23, He was a member of the New 1851. York Assembly in 1810 and 1812, and a Representative in Congress, COMEGYS, JOSEPH P. from that State, from 1813 to 1819. Son of Cornelius P. Comegys, formerly Governor of the State of Delaware, was born in St. Jones's He was born in 1755; was a solNeck, at Cherbourg, near Dover, dier and surgeon during the revoDelaware, December 29, 1813; was lutionary war; he was a member of educated at Dover Academy. In the New Jersey Legislature for May, 1831, entered the office of J. several years; a Representative in M. Clayton as a student of law, and Congress, from that State, from was admitted to the bar in 1835. 1799 to 1803; a Senator in ConElected a member of the House of gress, from 1803 to 1817; and Representatives of the State in 1842 again a Representative during the and 1848. In January, 1851, was years 1819 and 1820. He died appointed by the General Assembly May 4, 1834. one of a committee of three to revise the statutes of the State. In No- CONDIT, LEWIS. vember, 1856, was chosen by the Born at Morristown, New JerGovernor to fill the vacancy in the sey in tMarch, 1773, and was a phyUnited States Senate occasioned,, sician of eminence. From 1805 to by the death of John M. Clayton. 1810, he was a member of the New Jersey Legislature, the two latter COMINS, LINUS B. years officiating as Speaker; in 1807 was a Commissioner for setBorn in Charlton, Massachusetts, tling the boundary between New in 1817; graduated at the "Wor- York and New Jersey; and he was cester County Manual Labor High a Representative in Congress, from School;" and has devoted himself 1811 to 1817, and from 1821 to to the mercantile business, and to 1833. tHe was also at one time manufacturing. I-e was of the Rox- sheriff of Morris County, and is bury City Council in 1846, and in still living, at his birth-place, in 1847 and 1848 President of the the enjoyment of a peaceful old Council; in 1854 he was Mayor of age. Roxbury; and having been, soon after, elected to Congress, has con- CONDIT, SILAS. tinued in that position to the pre- He was a Representative in Consent time, serving on the Committee gress, from New Jersey, from 1831 on Commerce. to 1833. 122 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. CONGER, HARMON S. ginia, and when an infant went with He was a Representative in Con- his father, first to Mississippi and gress, from New York, fronm 1847 then to Louisiana, where he has to 1851. His native State was since resided. In 1828 he was adConnecticut. rmitted to the bar in New Orleans; served a number of years in the CONGER, JAMES L. State Legislature; was a Senator He was born in New Jersey, and in Congress, in 1842 and 1843; on removing to Michigan, was was a member of the State Constielected a Representative in Con- tutional Convention in 1844; and gress, from 1851 to 1853. a Representative in Congress, from Louisiana, from 1849 to August, CONKLING, ALFRED. 1850, when he became Secretary of He was a Representative in Con- War uider President Fillmore. gress froa Newe a Yori, from 1821 to Since that time he has lived in regress from New York, from 1821 to 1823, and was subsequently appointed a Judge of the UJnited States District Court for New York. CONRAD, FREDERICK. He was a Representative in ConCONNER, HENRY W. gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1803 Born in Prince George County, to 1807. Virginia, in August, 1793; educated at the University of South CONRAD, JOHN. Carolina, where he graduated in He was a Representative in Con1812; in 1814 he was aide-de-camp gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1813 to General Jos. Graham in the to 1515. Creek war; was a Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, CONSTABLE, ALBERT. from 1821 to 1841, when he declined H-Ie was born in Maryland, and a re-election; and having il 1848 was a Representative in Congress, seived in the General Assembly, he from that State, from 1845 to 1847. also declined a re-election to that office, and retired to private life. CONTEE, BENJAMIN. CONNER, SAMUEL S. He was a Representative in ConIHe graduated at Yale College in gress, from Maryland, from 1789 to 1806; was a Representative in Con- 1791. gress, from Massachusetts, from 1815 to 1817; and died in 1820. CONWAY, HENRY W. He was a Delegate to Congress, CONRAD, CHARLES ~,M. from the Territory of Arkansas, He was born in Winchester, Vir- from 1823 to 1829. BIOGRAPHICAL S KETCHES. 123 COOK, BATES. a man of remarkable talents. He He was a Representative in Con- died at the age of thirty-two years. gress, from New York, from 1831 to 1833. COOKE, ELENTHEROS. Born in Granville, Washington County, New York, December 25, He was born in New York, and 1787. ie received a liberal eduon taking up his residence in Iowa, cation, and having studied law, was elected a Representative in practiced it with success both in Congress, from 1853 to 1855. New York and Ohio, until 1830. COOK, ORCHARD. H[e was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1831 to He was a Representative in Con- gress, from Ohio, from 1831 to 1833; served for many years in the gress, from, Massachusetts, from Legislature of that State, before 1805 to 1811. and after entering Congress; and COOK, THOMAS -B. though ostensibly living in retirement, he has been for many years, He was a Representative in Con- and is still, very frequently called tgoess, nfrom dew ork, from 1811 upon to address the citizens of Ohio to 1813, and a member of the As- on topics of a varied nature, on on topics of a varied nature, on sembly of that State, in 1838 and account of his popularity as an 1839. orator. COOK, ZADOCK. Born in 1769; was frequently in COOPER, JAMES. the Legislature of Georgia; and a He was born in Frederick CounRepresentative in Congress, from ty, Maryland, May 8, 1810; he 1817 to 1819. His memory is said commenced his education at the to have been remarkable, as he common schools of the county, spent could, after reainug a chapter in some little time at St. Mary's Colthe Bible, repeat the same from be- lege, and graduated at Washington ginning to end. In 1854 he was College, Pennsylvania. He studied still living. law, and was admitted to the bar in Pennsylania, in 1834; was elected COO(KE, DANIEL P. a Representative in Congress, from He was born in Scott County, Pennsylvania, in 1838, and re-elected Kentucky, and was a Representa- in 1840; in 1843 he was elected to tive in Congress, from Illinois, from the State Legislature, and re-elected 1820 to 1828, and filled with great in 1844, 1846, and 1848, serving ability the post of Chairman of the in 1847 as Speaker; in 1848 he Committee of Ways and Means. was appointed Attorney-General of By such men as Mr. Calhoun and Pennsylvania, and in 1849 was Judge McLean, he was considered chosen a Senator in Congress, for 124 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. the term of six years. During his ware store of his uncle Benjamin service in Congress his health was Smith, the bulk of whose property feeble, so that he could not partici- he subsequently inherited. In 1814 pate in the debates of the Senate, he removed to Albany, and conto the extent that he desired, and tinued in the same business, estaon his return to Pennsylvania, he blishing the well-known house, still settled in Philadelphia, where he is in existence, of Erastus Corning & now practicing his profession. Co. His first public position was that of Alderman of the City of COOPER, MARK A. Albany; from that he was promoted to Mayor, which office he He was born in Georgia, and wasyor, which office held for three years. He was also a Representative in Congress, from for several years an influential railthat State, from 1839 to 1841, and again from 1842 to 1843. road, bank, and canal company president; for several terms a member of the State Legislature; and COOPER, RICHARD M. was elected a Representative to He was a Representative in Con- the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving gress, from New Jersey, from 1829 on the Committee on Naval Affairs. to 1833. CORWIN, IOSES B. COOPER, THOMAS. CORWIN, MOSES B. He was born in Bourbon County, HIe was a Representative in ConeKentucky, January 5, 1790; spent gress, from Delaware, from 1813 to; rehis boyhood on a farm in Ohio; received a good education; studied COOPER, WILLIAM. law, and was admitted to the bar in 1812. In 1838 and 1839 he was He was a Representative in Con- elected to the Legislature; and was gress, from New York, from 1795 a Representative in Congress, from to 1797, and again from 1799 to Ohio, from 1849 to 1855, serving 1801.. as a member of the Committee on the Post-office Department. COOPER, W. R. He was a Representative in Con- CORWIN, THOMAS. gress, from New Jersey, from 1839 Born in Bourbon County, Kento 18 41. tucky, July 29, 1794. Rising from humble life, he became distinguished as a lawyer, and was elected, first to Born in Norwich, Connecticut, the Ohio Legislature, and afterwards December 14, 1794. When thir- a Representative to Congress, from teen years of age he went to Troy, the Warren District, in 1831; he New York, and entered the hard- continued a member of the House BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 125 until 1840, when he was chosen COVINGTON, LEONARD. Governor of Ohio, in October of He was born at Aquasco, Prince that year. He was Governor but George County, Maryland, Octo George County, MIaryland, Octotwo years Wilson Shannon suctwo years, Wilson.Shannon sue- ber 30, 1768. In 1793 he obtained, ceeding him in 1842. The Whigs from General Washington, the comhaving a majority in the Legislamission of lieutenant of dragoons, ture of Ohio, in 1845, elected him n G, and joined the army under General United States Senator, which office a ne Wayne; he distinguished himself at he held till his appointment in the Fort Recovery and the battle of cabinet, in 1850, as Secretary of Ma and ho al m.Miami, and was honorably menthe Treasury, under President Fillmore. e has been long known in tioned in the official report of Gemore. Ie has been long known in Congress as an advocate of the was promoted to the rank of capWhig measures of policy. As a tain, by MWashington, in 1794, and stump speaker and before a jury,.''' stump speaer and before a jury, retired to the pursuits of agriculhis eloquence is singularly effective. ture. he was for many years a In October 1858 he was elected a InOctober, 1858, he wasele member of the Legislature of MaryRepresentative in Congress, from land, and was elected a RepresentaOhio, for the term commencing in I859 tive in Congress, from that State, from 1805 to 1807. He was appointed, by President Jefferson, in COTTERAL, J. L. T. COTTERAL, J. L. T. 1809, lieutenant-colonel of a regiHe was a Representative in Con- ment of cavalry, and in 1810 was in gress, from Alabama, from 1846 to command at Fort Adams, on the 1847. Mississippi, and took possession of Baton Rouge, and a portion of COTTMAN, JOSEPH S. West Florida. In 1813 he was Born in Somerset County, Mary- ordered to the Northern frontier, land, August 16, 1803; received a and appointed, by President Madiclassical education; admitted to the son, brigadier-general. At the batbar in 1826; served in the Mary- tle of Williamsburg, he received a land Legislature; was a Presiden- mortal wound while animating his tialElector; and a member of Con- men, and leading them to the gress, from 1851 to 1.853. charge, and died at French Mills, November 13, 1813, two days after his fall. His remains were reCOULTER, RICHARD. moved to Sackets Harbor, August He was a Representative in Con- 13, 1820, and the place of his gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1827 burial is now known as Mount to 1835, and died in )Westmoreland Covington. He had the reputation County, Pennsylvania, April 21, of being one of the best officers in 1852. the service. 126 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. COVODE, JOHN. COX, ANLEDER M Born in WTestmoreland County, He was born in Virginia, and rePennsylvania, March 17, 1808; a moving to Kentucky, was elected a farmer and manufacturer by occu- Representative, from that State, to pation; and extensively engaged in the Thirty-third and Thirty-fourth the coal business. He was elected Congresses. a member of the Thirty-fourth and COX, S UEL S. re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Con-, gress, serving at present on the ie was born in Zanesville, Ohio; Committee on Public Expenditures. graduated at Brown University; He has also been re-elected to the is a lawyer by profession, and was also an editor. Hie was appointed Thirty-sixth Congress. Secretary of Legation to Peru, in CO-WEN, BENJAMIN S. 1855; and elected a Representative, IHe was a Representative in Con- from Ohio, to the Thirty-fifth Congress, from Ohio, from 1841 to gress. He is Chairman of the Com1843. mittee on Revolutionary Claims. As an author, he published a book of foreign travel, called " The BuckBorn at Hartford Connecticut, a eye Abroad," and is an occasional Mlarch 18 1798; when eleven years a as March 18,,; whenelevenyearslecturer on literary topics. He has old he removed to Dutchess County,, also been re-elected to the ThirtyNew York, with his father; and graduated at Union College, in 1816. lHe studied law, and was COX, WILLIAM. admitted to the bar in 1819; in He was a Representative in Con1826, 182r, and 1828, he served as gress, from New Jersey, from 1813 a member of the New York Legis- to 1815. lature, from Putnam County, and during his first term was Chairman CRABB, GEORGE W. of the Select Committee raised to Hle was born in Virginia, and investigate the "Astor Claim;" was a Representative in Congress, and he was a Representative in from Alabama, from 1839 to 1841. Congress, from New York, from 1829 to 1831. In 1834 he took CRABB, JEREMIAH. up his residence in the City of New He was a Representative in ConYork, where he continues in the gress, from lMaryland, from 1795 to practice of his profession. 1796. COX, JAMES. CRAFTS, SAMUEL C. He was a Representative in Con- He was born in Windham Co., gress, from New Jersey, during the Connecticut; and graduated at years 1809 and 1810. Harvard University in 1790. His BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 127 father effected the settlement of CRAGIN, AARON H. Craftsbury, Vermont, and upon the Born in Weston, Vermont, Feborganization of the town, in 1792, 1,7 ruary 3, 1821. IHe is a lawyer by M~r. Samuel C. Crafts was chosen profession; was a member of the Town Clerk, and held the office for New Hampshire Legislature from thirty-seven successive years. IHe 1852 to 1855, and was elected a Rewas the youngest delegate to the presentative, from that State, to the Convention for revisin g the State Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on Constitution in 1793. In 1796, 1800 180 1803 and 1805e was the Committee on Revolutionary 1800, 1801, 1803, and 1805, he was Claims. elected a member of the House of Representatives of th'e State. From CRAIG, ECTOR. 1796 to 1815 he was Register of, Probate for Orleans District. In e was aRepresentativein Con1798 and 1799 he was Clerk of the gress, from New York, from 1823 House of Representatives. From to 1825, and again from 1829 to 1809 to 1812, and from 1825 to 1830. 1827, he was a member of the Exe- CRAIG JAMES. cutive Council. In 1800 he was appointed a judge of Orleans County orn in Pennsylvania; is a lavCourt, and remained such till 1816, yer by profession; and was a memdaring the last six years as Chief ber of the Missouri Legislature in Judge. Fromn 1825 to 1828 hewas1846 and 1847; was captain of a again Chief Judge, and from 1836 volunteer company in the Mexican to 1838 Clerk of the Court. Iney for the 1816 he was elected Representative Twelfth Judicial Circuit in Misto Congress, and served for that souri, from 1852 to 1856; and is a and the three succeeding terms; Representative in the Thirty-fifth i.e. from 1817 to 1825, inclusive. Congress, serving on the CommitIn 1828 he was elected Governor tee on Post-offices and Post-roads. of Vermont, and was re-elected in He has also been re-elected to the 1829 and 1830. In 1829 he was Thirty-sixth Congress. President of the Constitutional Convention. In 1842 he was appointed, by Governor Paine, and afterwards He was born in Virginia, and elected by the Legislature, a Sena- was a epresentative in Congress, tor in Congress, for the unexpired from that State, from 1829 to 1833, term of one year. He thus filled and again from 1835 to 1841. every office in the gift of Vermont. He died in Craftsbury, Vermont, CRAIGE, BURTON. November 19, 1853, aged eighty- Born in Rowan County, North four years. Carolina, March 13, 1811; gradu 128 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. ated at Chapel Hill in 1829; is a 1833; he was for twenty-five years lawyer by profession; was a member annually elected Moderator for the of the State Legislature in 1832 town of Newport; was a member and 1834; and was elected to of the several conventions for the Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth, and framing and remodeling the State Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving at Constitution; and was Vice-Presithe present time as a member of the dent of the Convention in 1842. Judiciary Committee. From 1827 to 1843 he was a member of the lower branch of the LeCRAIK, WILLIAM. gislature; and was a RepresentaHe was a Representative in Con- tive in Congress from 1843 to 1847, gress, from Maryland, from 1796 to when he was returned to the Le1801. gislature, and was several times Speaker of that body until 1854, CRAMER, JOHN. since which time he has lived in reHe was a Representative in Con- tirement. gress, from New York, from 1833 CRANSTON, ROBERT B. to 1831; having been elected to the State Constitutional Convention in Hfe was born in Rhode Island, 1821, and having served three years and was a Representative in Conin the Assembly, and three years in gress, from that State, from 1837 the Senate of the State of New to 1843, and again from 1847 to York. 1849. CRANE, JOSEPH H. CRARY, ISAAC E. He was a Representative in Con- Was a Delegate to Congress, gress, from Ohio, from 1829 to from the Territory of Michigan, in 1837(, and died at Dayton, Ohio, 1835 and 1836, and a Representative from that State from the time November 12, 1851, aged seventy of its admission into the Union in years. years. 1836, to 1841. He died in MichiCRANSTON, HENRY Y. gan, May 8, 1854. Born in Newport, Rhode IsCRAVENS, JOHN H. land, October 9, 1789; received a limited education; worked at a e was born in Ohio, and was a l Representative in Congress, from trade for five years from the age of epresenttive in Congress, from twelve, then commenced the busi- h ness of commission merchant; stuCRAWFORD, GEORGE W. died law, and was admitted to the CRAWFORD, GEORGE W. bar in three years. In 1818 he was Born in Columbia County, Georelected Clerk of the Court of Com- gia, December 22, 1798. He gramon Pleas, and held the office until duated at Princeton in 1820; stu BIOGRAP H I CAL SKETCHES. 129 died law, and commenced the prac- Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving in tice at Augusta, in 1822. In 1827 the last on the Committees of Ways he was elected Attorney-General, and Means and Roads and Canals. and continued in that office until 1831; he was in the State Legis- CRAWFORD, THOMAS H. lature from 1837 to 1842; and in Born at Chambersburg, Pennsyl1843 was elected to Congress to fill vania, November 14, 1786. He a vacancy. He was elected Gover- graduated at Princeton College in nor of the State in 1843, and re- 1804; studied law for three years elected in 1845. He was a member and was admitted to the bar in of President Taylor's cabinet, as 1807; and was a Representative Secretary of War, and subsequently in Congress, from Pennsylvania, visited Europe, since which time he from 1829 to 1833. During the has lived in retirement. last year named, he was elected to the State Legislature; in 1836 he CRAWFORD, JOEL. was appointed a Commissioner to Born in Columbia County, Geor- investigate certain alleged frauds in gia, June 15, 1783. He was edu- the purchase of the reservation of cated by private tutors; became a land to the Creek Indians; in 1838 student of law, and was admitted to he was appointed, by President practicein 1808. In 1813he joined Van Buren, Commissioner of Inthe army of General Floyd, and dian Affairs, and took up his resiserved through the whole campaign dence in Washington, holding that as aid-de-camp to the General. office for seven years; and in 1845 After the war he resumed the prac- he was appointed, by President tice of his profession; served three Polk, Judge of the Criminal Court years in the State Legislature, and of the District of Columbia, which was a Representative in Congress, arduous position he still occupies. from Georgia, from 1817 to 1821. CRAWFORD, WILLIAM. CRAWFORD, MARTIN J. Hle was a Representative in ConIle was born in Jasper County, gress, from Pennsylvania, from Georgia, March 17, 1820; was 1809 to 1817. educated at the Mercer University; is a lawyer by profession, and was CRAWFORD, WILLIAM H. a member of the Georgia Legisla- Born in Amherst County, Virture from 1845 to 1847. In 1853 ginia, February 24, 1772, and with he was appointed Judge of the Su- his father settled in Georgia in perior Court for the Chattahoo- 1783. He received an academical chee Circuit, and was elected a education, and subsequently had the member of the Thirty-fourth and management of Richmond Acade9 130 BIO GRAPHICAL SK ETCHES. my. He studied law and took a was aid-de-camp to Governor Shelhigh position as a lawyer. He by at the battle of the Thames. served four years in the State Le- After adopting the profession of gislature, and was a Senator in law he entered Congress as a memCongress from 1807 to 1813. ber of the Senate, from Kentucky, President Madison invited him into in 1817, serving then but two years. his cabinet as Secretary of War, From 1819 to 1835 he continued but he declined the honor, accept- in the practice of his profession, ing, instead, the post of Minister to residing principally at Frankfort, France, in 1813; on his return, and occasionally representing his however, at the end of two years, county in the State Legislature. In he went into the War Department. 1835 he was again elected to the'In 1817 he was appointed, by United States Senate, and contiPresident Monroe, Secretary of the nued to serve in that body until Treasury, where he served with March, 1841, when hewas appointmarked ability until 1825, during ed Attorney-General by President which year he received a flattering Harrison. In September, 1841, he vote for President of the United resigned with the other members of States. In 1827 he was appointed the cabinet, except Mr. Webster, Judge of the Northern Circuit of and retired to private life, from Georgia, which office he held until which, however, he was soon called his death, which occurred in Elbert by the Legislature, to resume his County, Georgia, September 15, seat in the United States Senate, 1834. in 1842. He was also elected a Senator for another term of six CREIGHITON, WILLIAM. years, from March, 1843, but, in He was a Representative in Con- 1848, having received the Whig gress, from Ohio, from 1815 to nomination for Governor of Ken1817, and again from 1827 to 1833. tucky, he retired fronm the Senate, and was elected to that office, which CRISFIELD, JOHN W. he held until his appointment as He was born in Maryland, and Attorney-General by President Fillwas a Representative in Congress, more. He was again elected to the from that State, from 1847 to 1849. United States Senate in 1855, for the term ending in 1862, and is, at CRITTENDEN, JOHN J. the present time, the oldest member He was born in Woodford Coun- of that body. ty, Kentucky, in September, 1786. CROCHERON, HENRY, When quite young he entered the army, and during the war of 1812 He was a Representative in Conserved as an officer under General gress, from New York, from 1815 Hopkins, in his Expedition, and to 1817. B I O G RAPICAL SKE T C HES. 131 CROCHERON, JACOB. tion. He told stories, or related his wild adventures with wonderful He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1829 effect. He as killed at the Alamo, Texas, March 1, 1836. to 1831. CROCKETT, JOHN W. CROCIKER, SAMIUEL L. He was the son of the celebrated hA R~epresentative in Congress, David Crockett, a Representative fromd Massachusetts, from 1853 to from Massausetts, from 1853 to in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1855. 1838 to 1843, and died at MemCROCKIETT, DAVID. phis, November 24, 1852. Born in Greene County, Tennes- CROSS, EDWARD. see, August 17, 1786, of Irish,He was born in Tennessee and descent, his father having fought in on taking np his residence in Arthe revolutionary war. -He comthe r evolutionary war. He cofm- life kansas, was elected a Representamenced the active duties of life, tire in Congress, from 1839 to when twelve years old, by turning 1845. drover, and, instead of going to school, he chose the fortunes of an CROUCI, EDWARD. adventurer. Hle served under Ge- He was a Representative in Conneral Jackson, in some of the In- gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1813 dian wars, and became his fast to 1815. friend. He had a natural bias for politics, and his smartness and ec- CROWELL, JOIN. centricities made him very popular Born in Halifax County, Alabaon the frontiers, and caused him to ma; was chosen Delegate to Conbe elected to the Legislature of gress, when the Territory of AlabaTennessee. He was fond of the ma was established in 1817, and woods, and had no equal as a bear- served till 1819, when the State hunter. He was elected to Con- Constitution was formed, and he gress in 1827, and served until was elected first Representative to 1831, and then again in 1833, Congress, serving till 1821, and serving until 1835; while in Wash- was a member of the Committee on ington he was always at his post of Private Land Claims. Soon afterduty, never forgetting the welfare wards he was appointed Agent for of his constituents, and he was one the Creek Indians, then inhabiting of the most popular men in Con- large portions of Alabama and gress. The most striking features Georgia, and exercised extensive of his disposition and mind were, influence over them, until their reundoubtedly, of a whimsical charac- moval west of the Mississippi, in ter; butbehind these there was much 1836. He died near Fort Mitchell, to command respect and admira- Alabama, June 25, 1846. 132 [B I O GRAPH I CAL S KETCHE S. CROWELL, JOHN. and a Representative in Congress, FHe was born in Connecticut, and from that State, from. 1817 to 1819. was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1847 to 1851, and was a member of the Committee on He was a Representative in ConIndian Affairs. gress, from Yirginia, from 1.826 to 1827. CROWNINSHIELD, BENJAMIN W. Born in 1774. He filled with CULBRETH, THOMAS. general acceptance the office of Se- Born in Kent County, Delaware, cretary of the Navy, to which he and was a Representative in Conwas appointed in December, 1814, gress, from Maryland, from 1817 to by President Madison, and served 1821. until his resignation, in November, CULLEN, ELISHA D. 1818. In 1823, he was elected a Representative in Congress, from te was born in telaware, and the Salem District of Massaehu- elected a Representative from that setts, and continued in that position State, to the Thirty-fourth Conuntil 1831. He died in Boston, gress. February 8, 1851. CULLOM, ALVAN. CROWNINSHIELD, JACOB. He was a native of Kentucky, He was elected a Representative and a Representative in Congress, in Congress, from Massachusetts, from Tennessee, from 1845 to 1847. from 1803 to 1809, but was appointed Secretary of the Navy, by CULLOM, WILLIAM. President Jefferson, March 3, 1805. te was a Representative in Con-. gress, from Tennessee, from 1851 to CROZIER, JOHN. 1855, and Clerk of the House of He was born in Tennessee, and Representtives during the Thilty was a Representative in Congress, fourth Congress. from that State, from 1845 to 1847, and for a second term, ending in CULPEPPER, JOHN. 1.849. He was born in Anzin County, CRUDUP, JOSIAH. [North Carolina, and represented He was a Representative in Con- that State in Congress, from 1807 gress, from North Carolina, from to 1809, from 1813 to 1817, from 1821 to 1823, and was a member 1819 to 1821, and, according to the of the Committee on Private Claims. American Almanac, (which is contradicted by John H. Wheeler, in CRUGER, DANIEL. his History of North Carolina,) He was a member of the New from 1823 to 1825, and again from York Assembly a number of years, 1841 to 1843. He was a Baptist B I O GRAPHI CAL SKETCHES. 133 preacher, and elected to the General CURRY, J. L. M. Assembly, but his seat was vacated Born in Lincoln County, Georgia, on constitutional grounds. June 5, 1825, and removed with his father, in 1838, to Talladega CULVER, ERASTUS D. County, Alabama, where he has He was born in New York; gra- since resided; he graduated at the duated at the University of Ver- University of Georgia in 1843, and mont in 1826; served in the As- at the Dane Law School, Harvard sembly of New York in 1838 and University, in 1845, and practiced 1841, and was a Representative in law with success in Alabama. In Congress, from New York, from 1846 he joined the Texas Rangers 1845 to 1847. for the Mexican war, but soon returned on account of ill health. CUMBACK, WILLIAM. Ie was a member of the lower He was born in Franklin County, branch of the Legislature of AlaIndiana, March 24, 1829; was edu- bama in 1847, 1853, and 1855; cated at the Miami University, and in 1857 was elected a RepreOhio; taught school for one or two sentative in Congress, serving on years; attended the law school at the Committees on Revolutionary Cincinnati, and adopted the legal Claims and Expenditures in the profession; and he was elected a State Department. Representative from Indiana, in the Thirty-fourth Congress. CURTIS, CARLTON B. CUMMINGS, THOMAS W. He was born in New York, and CUMiMIINGS, THOMAS W. was a Representative in Congress, He was born in Maryland, and from Pennsylvania, from 1851 to was a Representative in Congress, 1855. from New York, from 1853 to 1855 CURTIS, EDWARD. CUMMINS, JOHN D. Born in Vermont, graduated at He was born in Pennsylvania, Union College, New York, and and was a Representative from practiced law in New York City. Ohio, during the Thirtieth Con- He took a prominent part in the gress. He died of cholera at Mil- councils of that city, and was a waukie, Wisconsin, September 11, Representative in Congress, from 1849. New York, from 1837 to 1841. He was appointed Collector of New CUNNINGHAMI, FRANCIS A. York, by President Harrison, and He was born in South Carolina, removed by President Polk. He and was a Representative in Con- was an intimate friend of Daniel gress, from Ohio, from 1845 to 1847. Webster. 134 B I O GRAPH I C A L SKE T C HES. CURTIS, SAMUEL R. in the State Legislature, and in Born in Ohio, (while his parents 1829 visited Europe for pleasure,were emigrating to the West from publishing, on his return, "ReminisConnecticut,) February 3, 1807. He cences of Spain," and "Review of graduated at the West Point Aca-the Revolution in France." He also demy in 1831, and was appointed a lieutenant in the United States view. In 1833 and 1834, he was infantry, but resigned in 1832. He again elected to the Legislature; studied and pursued the profession and was a Representative in Conof law in Ohio; was subsequently gress, from 1835 to 1843. He was an engineer in Ohio and Iowa; from appointed, by President Tyler, Com1837 to 1840, chief engineer of the missioner to China, and as such neMuskingum Works; during the gotiated an important treaty. In Mexican war he served as an ad- 1846 he was again elected to the jutant-general in mustering the Legislature, and in 1847, as brigaState troops; he went to Mexico dier-general, was attached to the as a colonel under General Taylor, army in Mexico, under General and acted for a time as Governor of Taylor. In 1850, he was for the Mattamoras, Camargo, Monterey, fifth time elected to the Legislature, and Saltillo, performing much im- and in 1851 was made a Justice of portant service; on his return from the Supreme Court of the State. Mexico, he practiced law for a time, When President Pierce came into but was called to Iowa and Mis- power, he invited General Cushing souri to perform important labors into his cabinet, as Attorney-Geneas an engineer, in improvements of ral; and, on his return home, he was harbors and the building of rail- again re-elected to the Legislature roads; and having finally settled at of his native State, in which posiKeokuck, in Iowa, he was elected tion he still continues. In office, or from that State a member of the out of it, he has the reputation of House in the Thirty-fifth Congress. behig a hard student, and his ability He has also been re-elected to the as a lawyer is unquestioned. Thirty-sixth Congress. CUSHMAN, JOHN PAINE. CU-SHIING, CALEB. He was born in Pomfret, ConnecVWas born in Essex County, Mas- ticut, in 1784, and graduated at sachusetts, in January, 1800. He Yale College in 1807. Hestudied graduated at Harvard College, and law and removed to Troy, New was subsequently a tutor there of York, where he practiced his promathematics and natural philoso- fession. I-e served in Congress, phy; studied law at Cambridge, from 1817 to 1819; and, in 1838, and settled in Newburyport to prac- was appointed Judge of the Circuit tice. In 1825 and 1826 he served Court, having previously been Re BIOGRAP H ICAL SKETCHES. 135 corder of the City of Troy and one CUTLER, MANASSEHI. of the Regents of the State Uni- He was born in Killingly, Conversity. He was a man of eminence necticut, in 1824, and graduated at in his profession, and discharged Yale College in 1765; removed to with ability the various offices with Dedham, Massachusetts, in 1769; wvhich he was intrusted. studied for the ministry, and was CUSHMAN, JOSHUA. ordained in 1771; and was settled iH[e was born in Plymouth, IM~ilas- as a pastor of a church in Hamilton, sachusetts; graduated at Cam- alassachusetts,September 1,1771. bridge in 1789; was a Representa- le cistinguishec himself by his tive in Congress,, from 1Massachu- attention to several branches of nasetts, from 1819 to 1821; and re- tural history, particularly by makpresented aine, in Congress, fom ing te first essay toward a scien1821 to 1825, after its separation tific description oftheplants of New from Massachusetts. England, an account of several hundred of which, communicated by CUSHIMANT, SAMUEL. him, was published by the AmeriBorn in 1783; was Judge of the can Academy, of which he was a Police Court of Portsmouth, New member. lHe was one of the first Hampshire, and held several offices scientific explorers of the White of trust in the State. Hie was a Mountains. In 1787 he organized Representative in Congress, from an expedition for the Northwest 1835 to 1839, and died in Ports- Territory, and in 1788, with Genemouth, May 20, 1851. ral Rufus Putnam, commenced a settlement at Marietta,- on the MusCUTHBERT, ALFRED. CTBE, ALkingum, Ohio. In 1790 he rele graduated at Princeton Col- turned, with hs fmily, to New lege in 1803; and was a Represen- England, and was pastor of the tative in Congress, from Georgia, tive in Congress, from Georgia, church at Hamilton, Massachusetts, from 1814 to 15817; again, from until his death. In 1800 he was 1821, to 1827, and a Senator of the 1821, to 182, a Senator of the elected to a seat in Congress, and United States, from 1835 to 1843. retained it till 1804, when he deDied in 1856. dined any further political employCUTI-IBERT, JOHN A. ment, from its interference with his He was born in Savannah, Geor- professional duties. He died July gia; graduated at Princeton Col- 28, 1823. lege in 1805; and was a RepresenCUTTING, FRANCIS B. tative in Congress, from his native State, from 1819 to 1821, and was Hie was born in New York; was appointed, by the President, in liberally educated, and adopted the 1822, a Commissioner to treat with profession of law; in 1836 and the Creek and Cherokee Indians. 1837 he was a member of the Le 136 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETc ES. gislature of New York, from the constantly sustained by the conCity of New York; and was a Re- tinued confidence of his constitupresentative in Congress, from his ents, he gave a firm support to native State, from 1853 to 1855. President Jefferson's administration, and to that of his successor, CUTTS, CHARLES. President Madison, until the close of his first term, March 3, 1813, Born in Massachusetts, in 1769; having patriotically sustained, by entered Harvard College in 1786; graduated in 11790; studied law his votes, non-importation, non-intercourse, the embargo, and finally with Judge Pickering; was elected the embargo, and finally war, as measures called for by the a member of the Legislature in honor and interest of the nation, 1804, and then Speaker of the although ruinous to his private for3ouse; was sent to the United tune. On the third of June, of that States Senate in 1810, and served Sceao year, Ihe was appointed Superintill 1813; and chosen Secretary of the Senate1 from 1814 to 1825. Iletendent-General of Military Supthed Sena. firomi 18146to15. H plies, an office created by the act of died i rg, n 1846. arch 3, 1813, the functions of CUTTS, R:ICH~ARD. which were required only during the continuance of the war. The Born June 22, 1771, at Cutt's office was accordingly abolished Island, Saco, in the province or by the act of March 3, 1817, to district of Maine, then constitu- provide for the prompt settlement ting a part of the Commonwealth of public accounts. By the same of Massachusetts, and received his act the office of Second Comptroller early education at Harvard Uni- of the Treasury was created, to versity, at which institution he gra- which Mr. Cutts was immediately duated in 1790, and in the twen- appointed, by President James tieth year of his age. He stu- Monroe, and which he held until died law, was extensively engaged 1829, after which he resided in the in commerce, and took an active City of Washington, in the retirepart in politics. He visited Europe, ment of private life, until his death and on his return, after serving two in 1849. successive years as a member of the General Court of Massachusetts, he DAGGETT, DAVID. was, at the age of twenty-nine, in 1800, elected by the people of his Born in Attleborough, MassaDistrict a member of the House chusetts, December 31, 1764; graof Representatives of the United duated at Yale College in 1783; States. He took his seat in the and was professor of law in that inHouse, December 7, 1801, and stitution. He was States Attorney through six successive Congresses, and Mayor of New Haven, and fre BIOG RAPHICAL SKETCHES. 137 quently a member of the Legisla- the same office which had been held ture, and member of the Council. by his father. This post he held From 1813 to 1819 he was a Sena- until 1831, when a vacancy having tor in Congress, from Connecticut; occurred in the representation from firom 1826 to 1832 he was a Judge Pennsylvania in the United States of the Supreme Court of the State; Senate, Mr. Dallas was chosen to and was Chief Judge from 1832 to fill it. He took an active part in 1834, when he attained the age of the debates of the stormy session of seventy years. He died April 12, 1832-33. On the expiration of his 1851. term of office in 1833, he declined a re-election, and resumed the pracDALLAS, GEORGE MIFFLIN. tice of his profession. In 1837 he was appointed, by President VTan He was born July 10, 1792, in 3Buren, Ambassador to Russia, and the City of Philadelphia, where he remained in that country until Ocreceived his early education. He tober, 1839, when he returned home, graduated at Princeton College in and once more devoted himself to 1810; commenced the study of law the practice of law. In 1844 he in his father's office in Philadelphia; was elected Vice-President of the and was admitted to the bar in 1813. United States, and entered upon In the same year he accompanied the duties of his office in March of Mr. Gallatin to Russia as his pri- the following year. His term of vate secretary, when that gentleman office expired in March, 1849, when was appointed a member of the com- he was succeeded by Mr. Fillmore..mission to negotiate a peace under le was appointed by President the mediation of Alexander. Dur- Pierce to succeed Mr. Buchanan as ing his absence he visited Russia, JMinister at the Court of St. James, France, England, Holland, and the in which position he was retained Netherlands. He returned to the by Mr. Buclanan, when he became United States in 1814, and after President. assisting his father for a time in his duties as Secretary of the Treasury, DALTON, TRISTAM. he commenced the practice of his profession at Philadelphia. In 1817 Was born in that portion of Newhe was appointed the deputy of the bury, Massachusetts, now NewburyAttorney-General of Philadelphia, port, in 1783, and at the early age and soon won a high reputation as of seventeen graduated at Harvard a criminal lawyer. He took an ac- University. He studied law as an tive part in politics, and in 1825 he accomplishment, the fortune which was elected Mayor of Philadelphia, he inherited from his father not reand on the accession of General quiring him to practice it as a proJackson, in 1829, he was appointed fession, and he took a deep interest to the office of District Attorney, in the cultivation of a large landed 138 BIo GXRAPHICAL S KIETCHIE S. estate, in what is now the town of had the privilege of even a common West Newbury. Washington, John school education; was by trade a Adams, Louis Philippe, Talleyrand, printer; and was elected a Repreand other distinguished guests palr- sentative, from Massachusetts, to took of his hospitalities. As emi- the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving nent for piety as he was for mental on the Committee on Roads and endowments, the Episcopal Church, Canals. of which he was a warden, shared in his generous liberality; and he DANA, AMASA. was also noted for the affectionate He was a member of the New interest which he took in the wel- Assembly i 1828 and 1829, fare of his servants, both black and and a Representative in Congress white. He was a Representative, from that State, from 1839 to 1841, Speaker of the House of Represen- and again from 1843 to 1845. tatives, and a Senator in the Legislature of Massachusetts, and a Senator of the United States in the DANA, JUDAIH. First Congress after the adoption ofthe Federal Constitution. When Born in Maassachusetts in 1772; graduated at Dartmouth College in Washington City was founded, Mr. graduated at Dartuth College in Dalton invested his entire fortune; commenced the pr in lands there, and lost it by the law in Fryeburg; was Attorney for Oxford County for six years; Judge mismanagement of a business agent. Oxford County for si years; Judge of Probate for twenty years; Judge At the same time a vessel, which was feighted with his furniture and of the Common Pleas for nine years; was freighted with his furniture and one of the Committee which drafted valuable library, was lost on her voyage from Newburyport to Wash- the Constitution of Maine; a memvoyage from Newburyport to ~Vashbet of the Executive Council of the ington, and he thus found himself, ington, aniel, State in 1834; and by appointment after having lived sixty years in af- in 1834; and by appointment fluence, penniless. Several offices, ofprofi, tand r weerel oimmes- Congress during the years 1836 and of profit and honor were immedi1837. He died at Fryeburg, Maine, ately tendered him by the Govern- ecem der 27, 1845. ment, and he accepted the Surveyorship of Boston. He died in Boston in June, 1817, and his remains were DANA, SAMUEL. taken to Newburyport, where they'He was a respectable lawyer and were interred in the burial-ground of St. Paul's Church. a judge, and during the years 1814 and 1815 a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts. He died at Charlestown in November, Born in Portsmouth, New Hamp- 1835, in the sixtieth year of his shire, November 20, 1809; never age. B I O GRAPH I CAL SKETCHES. 139 DANA, SAMUEL W. several sessions as Chairman of the Committee on Claims. He was born in Connecticut in 1747, and died in 1830. He graduated at Yale College in 1775, and was a Senator in Congress, from He was a Representative in ConConnecticut, from 1810 to 1821. gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1850 to 1851. DANE, JOSEPH. DARBY, EZRA. He was born in Essex County, He was a Representative in ConMassachusetts, and graduated at Harvard University in 17q99. From gress, from New Jersey, from 1806 1820 to 1823 he represented the to 1808. York District of Maine in Congress,, DARBY, JOIHN FLETCHER. was subsequently in the Legislature as a member of the House for six Born in Person County, North years, and was a member of the Se- Carolina, December 10, 1803. In nate in 1829. He was chosen a 1818 he removed with his father to member of the Executive Council Missouri, and settled in St. Louis of Massachusetts in 1817, and to a County, where, until 1823, he worksimilar station in Maine in 1841, ed on a farm, pursuing his studies but he declined both offices. He under many difficulties, having presettled in Kennebunk early in the viously received a good English present century, where he died, education in his native town. After May 1, 1858. the death of his parents, in 1825, he applied for an appointment at DANIEL, HENRY. West Point, but being unsuccessful, He was born in 1793, and was a sold out his father's estate, and went Representative in Congress, from to Frankfort, Kentucky, and stuKIentucky, from 1827 to 1833, where died law with Mr. Crittenden. In he had a famous encounter with May, 1827, having a license to pracTristamn Burgess. tice from the Supreme Court of Kentucky, he returned to Missouri DANIEL, JOHN R. J. and commenced his professional life. Born in Halifax County, North He was four times chosen Mayor of Carolina; graduated at the univer- the City of St. Louis, and once a sity of that State in 1821; studied member of the State Senate, and law, and practiced it with success; was a Representative in Congress, he served for several years in the from 1851 to 1853. General Assembly, and was elected Attorney-General of the State; and DARGAN, EDWARD S. was a Representative in Congress, He was born in North Carolina, from 1841 to 1853, serving through removed in early youth to Alabama, 140 BIoGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. where he subsequently taught school was a Quaker in religion. He eduand studied law. In 1844 he was cated himself, taught school, studied elected Mayor of Mobile; from law, and was successful as a practi1845 to 1847 he was a Representa- tioner. In 1807 he was elected to tive in Congress; and during the the State Legislature; served as a latter year was elected a Judge of volunteer lieutenant in the last war the Supreme Court of Alabama. with England; and was a member of Congress, from 1817 to 1819,DARLING, MASON C. declining a re-election. In 1820 he Born in Bellingham, Massachu- was appointed Deputy Attorneysetts, May 18, 1801; received a General for Chester County, and in common school education; com- 1821 was appointed President Judge menced active life as a school of the County Court, which he held teacher in New York; and having until his death. studied medicine, graduated at the Berkshire Medical Institution of DARLINGTON, WILLIAM. Massachusetts in 1824. He prac- Born in Birmingham, Chester ticed his profession for thirteen County, Pennsylvania, April 28, years, when he removed to Wiscon- 1783. He was brought up on a sin, and aided in establishing the farm until eighteen years old, trained towns of Sheboygan and Fond du in the religion of George Fox, and Lac. The principal offices heldby when young had but a limited him, in Wisconsin, were those of education. le studied medicine Judge of Probate, Mayor of Fond and in 1804 graduated at the Unidu Lac, a member, for several years, versity of Pennsylvania; in 1806 he of the Territorial Legislature, and was disowned by the Society of a Representative in Congress, from Friends for accepting the appointthe State of ~Wisconsin, fr~onm 1847~ ment of surgeon to a military regito 1849. ment; in 1807 he went to India as surgeon of a merchant-ship; in 1811 DARLINGTON, EDWARD. and 1812 he assisted in establishing He was born in Pennsylvania, and the West Chester Academy, Pennwas a Representative in Congress, sylvania, of which he was long a from that State, from 1833 to 1839. trustee, and the secretary; in 1813 he prepared a catalogue of plants DARLINGTON, ISrAAC. of his native country; in 1814 he Born in Westtown, Chester took part in establishing the Bank County, Pennsylvania, December of West Chester, and was its presi13, 1781, and died April 27, 1839. dent; when Washington City was He was brought up to hard labor, attacked by the British, he went partly on a farm, and in the shop of thither as a volunteer; and hle was his father, a worthy blacksmith, and a member of Congress, from Penn BIOG RAPHICAL SKETCHES. 141 sylvania, from 1815 to 1817, and and was chosen Speaker; he was again from 1819 to 1823. He was also High Sheriff of Somerset Counalso a member of the "American ty; and a Representative in ConPhilosophical Society;" was a Ca- gress, from 1831 to 1841. He was nal Commissioner in 1825; in 1826 also, for many years, a postmaster he aided in forming a Natural His- in Maine, and at the time of his tory Society in West Chester, and death was a Senator-elect of the was elected President of the same; State Legislature. He died, supand on account of his devotion to ported by the hopes of the Chrisscience and his scientific learning, tian, December 9, 1841. a number of rare plants were named after him, by leading naturalists of DAVENPORT, FRANKLIN. Switzerland and America. He also He was a Senator in Congress, held the office of Clerk of the Court from [NeM Jersey, from 17 98 to of Chester County; aided in found17 99, and a Representative in Coning and was President of the "West gress, from 1799 to 1801. Chester Medical Society;" was president of a railway company; in 1847 he was robbed of $50,000 belonging to the bank of which he was presi- He was a graduate of Yale Coldent; his publications on botany lege in 1177, and was a Represenand kindred subjects are quite nu- tative in Congress, from Connectimerous; and he has been elected a cut, from 1796 to 1797, in which member of some forty learned socie- year he died. ties, in America and Europe. He is still living (August, 1858,) in the - DAVENPORT, JON. enjoyment of good health and his He was born in Connecticut; many honors. graduated at Yale College in 1710; was a tutor in that college; and a DARRAGH, CORNELIUS. Representative in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1199 to 1807. HIe was born in Pennsylvania, Connecticut, from to 8. and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to DAVENPORT, JOHN. 1847. He was a Representative in ConDAVEE, THOMAS. gress, from Ohio, from 1827 to 1829. Born in Plymouth,Massachusetts, December 9, 1797; removed to Maine, and was bred a merchant; lie was a Representative in Conserved six vears in the two Houses gress, from Virginia, from 1825 to of the Maine Legislature; served a 1835, and died in Halifax County,.second term in the State Assembly, in November, 1838. 142 BIO GRAPHICAL SKETCHES. DAVIDSON, THOMAS G. DAVIS, AMOS. Born in Jefferson County, Missis- He represented Kentucky in sippi, August 3, 1805; studied law, Congress, from 1833 to 1835, and and was admitted to the bar in died in Owingsville, Kentucky, 1827; in 1833 was Register of the June 5, 1835. Land-office at Greensburg, Louisiana; was elected to the Legislature DAVIS, GARRIT. of that State in 1833, where he He was born in 1803; studied served, from different parishes, some law and acquired distinction in the thirteen years; and he was elected practice; and was a Representaa Representative in Congress, in tive in Congress, from Kentucky, 1855; re-elected in 1857, and is from 1839 to 1847. Chairman of the Committee on Enrolled Bills, and member of the DAVIS, GEORGE T. Committee on Claims. He was born in Sandwich, Massachusetts, January 12, 1810; graduated at Harvard College in 1829; He was a native of Mecklenburg studied law, and was admitted to County, North Carolina, having the bar in 1832; was elected to the been born September 12, 1778; re- Senate of Massachusetts in 1839 presented that county in the State and 1840; and was a RepresentaLegislature, as a Senator, in 1813, tive in Congress from 1851 to 1853. 1815, 1816, and 1817; and was a He is now devoted to his profesRepresentative in Congress, from sion. his native State, from 1818 to 1821. DAVIS, H. W. IHe served again in the State Se- He was born in Maryland; electnate, in 1827, 1828, and 1829. 1He ed to the Thirty-fourth and Thirtydied in Charlotte, Mecklenburg fifth Congresses, from that State, as County, September 16, 1857, from a Representative; and is a member injuries which he received by being of the Committee on Ways and thrown from his carriage, while tak- Means. ing a drive with a fractious horse. Though leading the quiet life of a DAVIS, JEFFERSON. planter, he was a man of great in- He was born in Christian Coun. fluence and usefulness. ty, KEentucky, in 1805, but his father removed to Mississippi in his DAVIES, EDWARD. infancy. He commenced his eduHe was born in Pennsylvania, cation at the Transylvania Univerand was a Representative in Con- sity, Kentucky, but left it for the gress, from that State, from 1837 to West Point Academy, where he 1841. graduated in 1828. He followed BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 143 the fortunes of a soldier until 1835, to 1853, always serving on importwhen he became a planter. He ant committees and exerting much was a cadet from 1824 to 1828; influence. On account of his many second lieutenant of infantry from popular qualities, he was called 1828 to 1833; first lieutenant of "Honest John Davis." HTe died dragoons from 1833 to 1835, serv- suddenly, at Worcester, April 19, ing in various campaigns against 1854. the Indians; was adjutant of dra- DAVIS, JOHN. goons, and at different times served iHe was born in Pennsylvania, in the qua rtermaster's department; and was a Representative in Conin 1844 was a Presidential Elector; gress, from that State, from 1839 in 1845 was elected a Representa- to 1841. tive in Congress, from Mississippi, for one term, but resigned in 1846, DAVIS, JOHN G. to become Colonel of a volunteer Born in Fleming County, Kenregiment to serve in Mexico; in tucky, October 10 1810. His eduMAexico he received the appointment obtained at a cuntry of Brigadier-General; in 1847 was school, where, during the winter zn nschool where during the winter appointed a Senator in Congress,, months, he studied the rudiments of to fill a vacancy, and was elected reading, writing, and arithmetic. for the term ending in 1851; was for the term ending in 1851; He was bred to the occupation of a re-elected for a term of six years, re-elected for a term of six years farmer; was elected sheriff of Parke but resigned; was appointed Se- County, Indiana, where County, Indiana, where he now cretary of War by President Pierce, resides, and resigned in 1832. serving throughout his administralie was clerk of the Superior and tion; and in 1857 again took his Inferior Courts of that county, seat in the United States Senate from 1833 to 1851, and was a from 1833 to 1851, and was a Iefor the term of six years. He is presentative from Indiana in the presentative from Indiana in the Chairman of the Committee on Thirty-second, Thirty-third, and Military Affairs, and a member of Thirty-fifth Congresses; and is a Thirty-fifth Congresses; and is a those on Public Buildlings and member of the Committee on PubGrouncls, and on Printing. lie Lands, and also served on the Committee to Examine into the DAVIS, JOHN. Accounts of the late Clerk of the Born in Massachusetts, in 1790; House. lie has also been re-elected graduated at Yale College in 1812; to the Thirty-sixth Congress. adopted the profession of law; was a Representative in Congress from DAVIS, JOHN W. 1825 to 1833; Governor of Massa- lIe is a native of Cumberland chusetts during the years 1833 and County, Pennsylvania; after com1834; a Senator in Congress from pleting his medical studies in Balti1835 to 1841, and again from 1845 more, he emigrated to Indiana. He 144 BIOGRAPHICAL SK E T C H E S. served in the Legislature of that was a Representative in Congress, State, and was Speaker of the from his native State, from 1841 to lower branch, and also acted as 1845. Commissioner to make a treaty with the Indians. He was a Repre-VIS, ROG sentative in Congress, from Indiana, He was a Representative in Confrom 1835 to 1837, from 1839 to gress, from Pennsylvania,from 1811 1841, and again from 1843 to 1847, to 1815. and was once Speaker of the House DAVIS, SAMUEL. of Representatives. He was, in 1848, appointed Minister to China, He was born in Massachusetts, and, subsequently, held the position and was a Representative in Conof Governor of Oregon Territory. gress, from that State, from 1813 to 1815. DAVIS, REUBEN. DAVIS, SAMUEL B. Born in Tennessee, January 18, 1813. He was self-educated, owing He was born in Virginia, and was to the limited means of his father. a Representative in Congress, from He studied and practiced medicine Louisiana, from 1853 to 1855. for a few years, and, afterwards, pursued the law as a profession. DAVIS, THOMAS. In 1835 was chosen District Attor- He was born in Ireland, and havney for the Sixth Judicial District I ing emigrated to Rhode Island, was of Mississippi. In 1837 he was elected a Representative in Conre-elected to the same office; served gress, from 1853 to 1855. for four months, in 1842, on the bench of the High Court of Errors DAVIS, THOMAS T. and Appeals; was in the Mexican war as colonel commandant of the He was a Representative in ConMississippi Rifles, but resigned on gress, from Kentucky, from 1797 to account of sickness, and was in no 1803, and was appointed in that battle; was elected to the lower year Judge in the Territory of Inbranch of the State Legislature diana. from 1855 to 1857, and was elected DAVIS, TIMOTHY. a member of the Thirty-fifth ConHe was born in Newark, lINew gress, serving on the Committees on zn,~~ ~Jersey, in March, 1794; received the Post-office and Post-roads andl a common school education; reExpenditures in the Navy Departmoved to Kentucky in 1810, and ment. was there admitted to the bar in DAVIS, RICHARD D. DAVIS, RICHARD D. i 1817; spent twenty years of his He was born in New York, gra- life in Missouri; and, having reduated at Yale College in 1818, and moved to Iowa, was elected a Re BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 145 presentative, from that State, to State Constitutional Convention in the Thirty-fifth Congress, and is a 1853. He was also District Attormember of the Committee on the ney for the Western District of his Post-office and Post-roads. native State from 1853 until elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and DAVIS, TIMOTHY. is a member of the Committee on Revolutionary Claims. He has been He was born in Gloucester, as- re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Consachusetts, April 12, 1821; was gress. educated at a district school, which he did not attend after reaching the DAWSON, JOHN. age of twelve years; spent two He graduated at Harvard Uniyears in a printing-office; lived a versity in 1782; was elected a Renumber of years in Boston as a clerk presentative in Congress, from Virand as a merchant; in 1854, by an ginia from 1797 to 1814; and was unusually large majority, he was appointed bearer of dispatches.n'.appointed bearer of dispatches elected a Representative in Conto France in 1801, by President gress, from his native district; was Adams. He died in 1814. re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and has served as a member DAWSON, JOHN B. of the Committee on Naval Affairs. He was a Representative in Congress, from Louisiana, from 1841 to DAVIS, WARREN R. the time of his death, which occurHe was born in South Carolina; red at St. Fracisille, ouisiana, graduated at the College of South June 26, 1845. Carolina in 1810; adopted the profession of law; was appointed Soli- DAWSON, JOHN L. citor for South Carolina, and was a He represented Pennsylvania in Representative in Congress, from Congress from 1851 to 1855. He South Carolina, from 1827 to 1835, died March 10, 1857, from the and died in Washington, District effects, it is believed, of the mysteof Columbia, January 29, 1835. rious National Hotel disease. He was appointed, by President Pierce, DAWES, IH-ENRY L. Governor of Kansas, but declined. Born in Cummington, Hampshire County, Massachusetts, October 30, DAWSON, WILLIAM C. 1816. Hie graduated at Yale Col- Born in Greene County, Georgia, lege, and adopted the profession of January 4, 1798, and died May 5, the law. He was a member of the 1856. He graduated at Franklin Legislature of Massachusetts; of College in 1816; studied law at the Lower House during the years home and at Litchfield, Connecti1848, 1849, and 1852; of the State cut; and having been admitted to Senate in 1850; and also of the the bar, settled at Greensborough, 10 146 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. in 1818, where he was eminently DAYTON, JONATHAN. successful as a jury lawyer. He A native of New Jersey; graduwas for twelve years Clerk of the ated at Princeton College in 1776; House of Representatives of Geor- was a member of the State Convengia, and several times Senator and tion in 1787; a Representative in ~~~tion in 18; a Representative in the Legislatre. Representative in the Legislature. Congressfrom 1791 to 1799; SpeakHe was a Representative in Con- er of the House of Representatives er of the House of Representatives gress frncm 1837 to 1842; and in in 1797; and was a Senator of the 1845 he was appointed Judge of United States from 1199 to 1805. the Ockmulgee Circuit; and from. the Ockulgee Circuit; and from He was a distinguished statesman, 1849 to 1855 he was a Senator of and died at Elizabethtown, New the TU-nited States, where lhe served Jersey, October 9, 1824, aged about on important committees, and spoke sixty-eight years. on many important questions of national interest, and commanded DAYTON, WILLIAM L. a wide influence. Born in New Jersey, February DAWSON, WILLIAM J. 17, 1807; graduated at Princeton College; is a lawyer by profession; A Representative in Congress, was a member of the State Senate from North Carolina, from 1793 to of New Jersey in 1837; was ap1795. pointed one of the Justices of the Superior Court of the State February 28, 1838, and resigned said He was a member of the New office in 1841, and resumed the pracYork Assembly in 181.6 and 1817, tice of law; was a Senator in Conand was a:Representative in Con- gress from 1842 to 1851. In March, gress, from that State, from 1823 1857, was appointed Attorney-Gento 1825, and again from 1833 to eral of New Jersey, which office he 1835. still holds. DAY, TIMOTHY C. DEAN, EZRA. He was born in Ohio, and was He was born in New York, and elected a Representative, from that was a Representative in Congress, State, to the Thirty-fourth Con- frol Ohio, from 1841 to 1845. gress. DEAN, GILBERT. DAYAN, CHARLES. Is a native of Pleasant Valley, He was a Representative in Con- Dutchess County, New York. In gress, from New York, from 1831 May, 1837, he entered the Amenia to 1833; a State Senator in 1821 Seminary, and in September of the and 1828; and a member of the same year he went to Yale College, Assembly in 1835 and 1836. and graduated in 1841. He studied BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 147 law in Pine Plains, and commenced a major in the army under Gates, practice in Poughkeepsie in 1844, at the capture of Burgoyne. He attaining eminence in his profes- distinguished himself at the battle sion; and was elected a Represen- of Monmouth, by a gallant charge tative in Congress from 1851 to on the enemy. Dearborn being sent 1853. to ask for further orders, WashingDEAN, SIDNEY. ton inquired, by way of commendaHe was born in Glastenbury, tion, "What troops are those?" Hartford County, Connecticut, No- "' Full-blooded Yankees from New vember 1.6, 1818. He received only Hampshire, sir," was the reply. In a common school education; en- 1779 he accompanied Sullivan in tered upon active life as a manu- his expedition against the Indians; facturer; but subsequently became in 1780 he was with the army in a clergyman. He served one year New Jersey; in 1781 he was at in the Legislature of Connecticut, Yorktown, at the surrender of Cornand was elected a Representative wallis; in 1789 Washington apin Congress, from that State, in pointed him Marshal of the District 1855, and re-elected in 1857; of- of Maine. He was elected a memficiating during his first term as ber of Congress, from 1793 to 1797. Chairman of the Committee on Pub- In 1801 he was appointed Secrelie Expenditures, andis nowa mem- tary of War, and held the office ber of the Committee on the Dis- till 1809, when he was appointed trict of Columbia. to the lucrative office of Collector of Boston. In 1812 he received a DEANE, JOSIAH. commission as senior major-general He was born in Massachusetts, in the army of the United States. and was a Representative in Con- In the spring of 1813 he captured gress, from Massachusetts, from York, in Upper Canada, and Fort 1807 to 1809. George, at the mouth of the Niagara. He was recalled, by Mr. DEARBORN, HENRY. Madison, in July. He was ordered &Was a native of New Hampshire, to assume the command of the miand settled, in the practice of physic, litary district of New York City. at Portsmouth. He was a captain In 1822 he was appointed Minister in Stark's regiment at the battle Plenipotentiary to Portugal; two of Bunker Hill; he accompanied years after he returned to America, Arnold in the expedition through at his own request. He died in the wilderness of Maine to Quebec; 1829, aged seventy-eight years. he was captured by the British, and put into close confinement, but in DEARBORN, HENRY. May, 1776, was permitted to re- Born in 1783, in Exeter, New turn on parole; in March, 1777, Hampshire; was educated at Wilhe was exchanged; he served as liam and Mary College, Virginia 148 BIOGRAP H ICAL S KETCHES. and commenced the study of law modore Bainbridge, and one of his in Washington, while his father father; a book on Architecture, and was Secretary of War under Jeffer- a Life of Christ. He died, in Portson. He finished his studies at land, Maine, July 29, 1851. Salem, Massachusetts, in the office of Judge Story, and commenced DEBERRY, EDMUND. to practice in that city. He re- Born in Montgomery County, moved to Portland, and superin- North Corolina, August 14, 1787. tended the erection of the forts in le was educated at the ordinary the harbor. He was appointed Col- schools of the county, and having lector of Boston. by President Madi- entered public life, in 1806, as a son, (having been previously made member of the State Legislature, Deputy Collector by his father, he continued to serve there, with when Collector,) as an inducement occasional intermissions, until 1828; for his father to accept the com- and was a Representative in Conmand of the army, and he held the gress, from 1829 to 1831, from 1833 office until removed by General to 1845, and again from 1849 to Jackson, in 1829. In 1812 he was 1851. brigadier of militia, and had the command of the troops in Boston DE GRAFF, JOHN J. harbor. In 1821 was a member of He was a Representative in Conthe Convention for revising the gress from New York, from 1827 Constitution of Massachusetts. In to 1829, and again from 1837 to 1829 was a Representative in the 1839. Legislature, from Roxbury; and the DEITZ, WILLIAM. same year chosen Executive Councillor; and the following year a He was a member of the New State Senator. From 1831 to 1833, York Asselmbly, in 1814 and 1815; he was a Representative in Con- a Representative in Congress, from gress. He was soon appointed that State, from 1825 to 1827; and Adjutant-General of Massachusetts, a State Senator, from 1830 to 1833. and continued in that office till 1843, when he was removed for DELANO, COLUMBUS. lending some of the State arms lHe was born in Vermont, and during the Dorr Rebellion in Rhode having removed to Ohio, was elected Island. In 1847 was chosen Mayor a Representative in Congress, from of Roxbury, which office he held that State, from 1845 to 1847. until his death. While in the Custom-house, in Boston, he wrote and DENIMING, BENJAMIN F. published three volumes on the He was born at Danville, Ver"Commerce of the Black Sea." mont; received a common school He also wrote a biography of Com- education; served a number of years BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 149 as a clerk in a store; was clerk of 1829 to 1837, and a member of the the court in his native county for Convention which formed the presixteen years; and was elected a sent Constitution of Pennsylvania. Representative in Congress, for the He died in Pittsburg, January 29, term from 1833 to 1835, but died 1852. at Saratoga Springs, whither he had gone for his health, July 11, DENT, GEORGE. 1834. He was a Representative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1793 to DE MOTT, JOHN. 1801, and was appointed in the He was born in New Jersey, was latter year United States Marshal a member of the New York As- for the Potomac District. During sembly, in 1833; and a Representa- the third session of the Fifth Contive in Congress, from that State, gress he was elected Speaker of from 1845 to 1847. the House of Representatives. DENNIS, JOHN. DENT, WILLIAM B. W. He was born in Maryland, and He was born in Maryland, and was a Representative in Congress, was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1841. from Georgia, from 1853 to 1855. DENNIS, LITTLETON P. DENVER, JAME8 W. He graduated at Yale College in Born in Winchester, Virginia, in 1803, and was elected a Represen- 1818. When quite young he emitative in Congress, from Maryland, grated to Ohio with his parents; from 1833 to 1835, and died at received a good education; in 1841 Washington, April 14, 1834, before he went to Missouri, where he the expiration of his term in Con- taught school and studied law; he gress. served in the Mexican war as a captain, under appointment from DENNISON. GEORGIE. President Polk; in 1850 he went to He was born in Luzerne County, California, where he was appointed Pennsylvania, and was a Represen- member of a relief committee to tative in Congress, from that State, protect emigrants; and, afterwards, from 1819 to 1823. Secretary of State of California; he was a Representative, from CaDENNY, HARMAR. lifornia, in the Thirty-fourth ConBorn in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, gress; by President Buchanan he in 1794; graduated at Dickinson was appointed Commissioner of InCollege; was a member of the Le- dian Affairs, which office he resigngislature of his native State, and a ed to accept the appointment of Representative in Congress, from Governor of the Territory of ]Kan 150 B I G RAPHICAL S K E T C H E S. sas, which position he resigned in ber of the Thirty-fifth Congress, November, 1858, and was re-ap- from his native State.- He is Chairpointed Commissioner of Indian man of the Committee on Unfinished Affairs. Business. DESAUSSURE, WILLIAM F. DEWEY, DANIEL. He was born in South Carolina; Was a lawyer, having studied graduated at Harvard University under Theodore Sedgwick, and atin 1810; and was a Representative tained a high rank in his profession. in Congress, from his native State, He was a member of the Council of from 1852 to 1853. the State, and a Representative in Congress, from Berkshire District, DESHA, JOSEPH. Massachusetts, in 1813 and 1814; He was born in Pennsylvania, was appointed Judge of the SuDecember 9, 1768, and emigrated preme Court of Massachusetts in to Kentucky in 1781; in 1794 he 1814. He died June 3, 1815. served as a volunteer in the expedition against the Indians, under DE WITT, ALEXANDER. General Wayne; served for a time Born in Worcester County, AMasin the State Legislature; fought at sachusetts, April 2, 1798. He is a the battle of the Thames, as a ma- bank president; was once in the jor-general; was a Representative Legislature of his native State, and in Congress, from 1817 to 1819; a Representative in Congress, durwas Governor of Kentucky for four ing the years 1856 and 1857. years, from 1824; and died at Georgetown, Kentucky, October 11, DE WITT, CHARLES G. 1842. HIe was a Representative in ConDESHA, ROBERT. gress, from New York, from 1829 He was a prominent merchant of to 1831, and appointed Charge Mobile, where he died, February 8, d'Affaires, for Central America, in 1849; and a Representative in 1833. He died atNewburg, April Congress, from Tennessee, from 13, 1839. 1827 to 1831. DE WITT, JACOB H. DEWART, LEWIS. HI-e was born in Ulster County, IHe was a native of Pennsylvania, New York, and was a Representaand a Representative in Congress, tive in Congress, from that State, from that State, from 1831 to 1833. from 1819 to 1821, and a member of the New York Assembly in 1839 DEWART, WILLIAZIM L1........ and in 1847. He died at Iingston, He was born in Pennsylvania; is New York, January 30, 1857, aged a lawyer by profession, and a mem- seventy-three years. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 151 DE WOLFE, JAMES. ber of Congress, from said State, He was a Senator of the United in 1854 and 1855, and was re-elected States, from Rhode Island, from to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth 1821 to 1825, and died in the City Congresses, serving as a member of New York, December 21, 1837, of the Committee on Accounts. aged seventy-four years. DICKENS, SAMUEL. DEXTER, SAMUEL. A Representative in Congress, Was a native of Massachusetts, from Nortl Carolina, during the and born in 1761; he graduated at years 1816 and 1817. Harvard College in 1781; and,, DICKERSON, MAHLON. having studied law at Worcester, with Levi Lincoln, he soon rose to Born in Morris County, New Jerprofessional eminence. He was a sey, in 1769; graduated at Princemember of the House of Represen- ton College in 1789; studied law, tatives in Congress, from 1793 to and in early life he resided in Penn1795, and was elected to the Senate, sylvania, where he was Recorder of serving from 1799 to 1800. Dur- the City of Philadelphia, and subing the administration of John sequently Quartermaster-General of Adams he was appointed Secretary the State; he returned to New Jerof War, in 1800, and Secretary of sey, and was elected to the Legisthe Treasury, in January, 1801; lature of that State. He was Judge and, for a short time, also, had the of the Supreme Court of New Jercharge of the Department of State. sey, and was elected Governor of On the accession of Mr. Jefferson that State in 1815, and held the to the Presidency, he held the office office until 1817, when he was chosen of Secretary of the Treasury, and, United States Senator, and connot complying with an intimation tinued in that office for sixteen to resign, Mr. Gallatin was ap- years. In 1834 he became Secrepointed in his place. In 1812 he tary of the Navy, in the cabinet of abandoned the party to which he President Jackson, and held that had always been attached, and be- department until 1838, some two came a leader on the other side, years after the accession of Presiand, as such, was the candidate for dent Van Buren. For two years Governor of Massachusetts, in 1815 he was President of the American and 1816, in oppositionto Governor Institute. He died in Morris Brooks. A mission to Spain was County, New Jersey, October 5, offered him, by Mr. Madison, in 1853. 1815. He died in 1816. DICKERSON, PHILEMON. DICK, JOHN. A native of New Jersey, was an MWas born in Pennsylvania, was officer in the war of the American bred a merchant, and was a mem- Revolution, and enjoyed a great 152 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHIES. reputation for courage and zeal in ber 11, 1800; removed with his the cause of liberty. He comrn- family to New York in 1806; he manded the Jersey militia at the was self-educated, and adopted the battle of Monmouth; and after the profession of law. He was at one organization of the National Go- time in the State Senate; was vernment in its present form he Judge of the Court of Errors from was appointed a Senator in Con- 1836 to 1841; he was Lieutenantgress, from 1790 to 1793. Having Governor, President of the Senate discharged in a satisfactory manner and of said court, from 1842 to the duties of the several civil and 1844; was a Democratic Elector military stations which he held, he in 1844; and a Senator in Conenjoyed several years of retirement gress, from New York, from 1844 from public life; and died at Tren- to 1851, since which time he has ton in 1809. tIe was a Delegate lived in retirement. from Delaware, to the Continental Congress, from 1782 to 1783. DICKINSON, DAVID W. He was a Representative in ConDICKERSON, PHILEMON. gress, from Tennessee, from 1833 He was the son of the above and to 1835, and again from 1843 to a native of New Jersey, and a Re- 1845, and died at Franklin, Tenpresentative in Congress, from the nessee, April 27, of the latter year. Paterson District in that State, from 1833 to 1837, and again from DICKINSON, EDWARD. 1839 to 1841. He was born in Massachusetts, DICKEY, JESSE C. and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to Ile was born in Pennsylvania,1855. and was a Representative in Congress, from 1849 to 1851. DICKINSON, JOHN D. Hie was born in Middlesex DICKEY, JOHN. County, Connecticut, in 1767; graHe was a member of Congress, duated at Yale College in 1785, from Pennsylvania, from 1843 to and was a member of Congress, 1845, and from 1841 to 1849; and from New York, from 1819 to 1823, at the time of his death, was United and again from 1827 to 1831; and States Marshal for Western Penn- died at Troy, January 28, 1841. sylvania. He died in Beaver County, March 14, 1853. DICKINSON, RUDOLPHUS. He was born in Massachusetts, DICKINSON, DANIEL S. and having removed to Ohio, was He was born in Goshen, Litch- elected a Representative in Confield County, Connecticut, Septem- gress, from 1847 to 1849. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 153 DICKSON, DAVID. at Claiborne, December 21, 1848, He was a member of Congress, aged sixty years. from Mississippi, in 1835 and 1836, and died at Little Rock, Arkansas, DILLINGHAM, PAUL, JI. July 31, 1836. He was born at Shutesbury, Franklin County, Massachusetts, DICIKSON, JOHN. August, 1800; removed to WaterIle was a Representative in Con- bury, Vermont, with his father, in gress, from New York, from 1831 1805; received a good education; to 1835, and died at West Bloom- adopted the profession of law; and field, New York, February 22, 1852. was admitted to practice, in Washington County, in 1824. He was DICKSON, SAMUEL. Town Clerk of Waterbury, from HIe was a Representative in Con- 1829 to 1844, and Justice of the gress, from New York, during the Peace eighteen years. He was Thirty-fourth Congress. He died States Attorney, for Washington at his residence, in New Scotland, County, from 1835 to 1838; was a New York, May 3, 1858, in conse- member of the Constitutional Conquence of spinal injuries received vention in 1836 and 1837. He was a while in the faithful discharge of Representative to the General Ashis public duties at Washington. semblysix years, and State Senator He had been bred a physician, and in 1841 and 1842; and elected a was universally respected. Representative in Congress, from 1843 to 1847, and was a member of DICKSON, WILLIAM. the Committee on the Judiciary. He was a Representative in Con- He has since that time devoted gress, from Tennessee, from 1801 to himself to the practice of his pro1807. fession. DILLET, JAMES. DIMMICK, MILO M. He was a native of South Caro- He was born in Pennsylvania, lina, and one of the early graduates and was a Representative in Conof the university of that State, hav- gress, from that State, from 1849 to ing left it in 1810; he adopted the 1853. profession of law; removed to Alabama in 1818, where he was appoint- DIMMICK, W. H. ed a Judge of the Circuit Court, He was born in Milford, Pike and frequently represented his coun- County, Pennsylvania, December 20, ty in the State Legislature, and was 1815. He received an academical a Representative in Congress, from education, and adopted the profesAlabama, from 1839 to 1841, and sion of law. He was Prosecuting again from 1843 to 1845. He died Attorney, for the Commonwealth 1[54 B I o IOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. of Pennsylvania, for Wayne County, DIX, JOHN, A. in 1836 and 1837; was a member of the State Senate in 1845, 1846 Born in Boscawen, New Hamp shire, July 24, 17 98. He comand 1847; and was elected a Rep-,, resentative, from Pennsylvania, in menced his education by attending the Thirty-fifth Congress, officiating the academies at Salisbury and Exas Chairman of the Joint Commit- ter; spent one year in a French tee on the Library. He has also College at Montreal; and, in 1812, been re-elected to the Thirty-sixth was appointed a cadet in the army, Congress. but, instead of going to West Point, preferred to join the army on the frontier as an ensign; and, in 1813, DIMOCK, DA.VIS, JR. he was acting adjutant of an indeHe was a Representative in Con- pendent battalion. In 1819 he gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1841 was aid-de-camp to Major-General to 1842. -Brown, but devoted his leisure to the study of law; from that time until 1828, he visited Cuba and DINSMIOOR, SAMUEL. traveled in Europe for his health, He was born at Londonderry, when he settled at Cooperstown, as New Hampshire, in 1766; gradu- a lawyer. In 1831 he was adjutantated at Dartmouth College in 1789; general under Governor Throop; in was for many years a major-general 1833 he was appointed Secretary of militia; a Representative in Con- of State of New York, and was a gress, from New Hampshire, from Regent of the State University; in 1811 to 1813; a Judge of Probate; 1841 he was elected to the Assemand served as Governor of his na- bly, from Albany; and after making tive State during the years 1831, another visit abroad, was elected to 1832, and 1833. He died at Keene, the United States Senate, where he March 15, 1835. served from 1845 to 1849. Of late years, he has been chiefly engaged in the management of a large estate. DISNEY, DAVID T. In 1820 he raceived from Brown He was a native of Baltimore, University the degree of Master of Maryland, and removed to Cincin- Arts, and in 1845, from Geneva nati, Ohio, in 1820. He was fre- College, the degree of Doctor of quently a member of both branches Laws. of the State Legislature of Ohio, and three times elected Speaker. DIXON, ARCHIBALD. He represented his adopted State Was born in Caswell County, in Congress, from 1849 to 1855. North Carolina, April 2, 1802, and He died in Washington, March 14, removed with his father to Hender1857, aged fifty-four years. son County, Kentucky, in 1805. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 155 He received only a plain English DIXON, NATHAN F. education at the county schools, Born at Plainfield, Connecticut, but made good use of his advan- in 1774; graduated at Brown Unitages, and at the age of twenty, versity in 1799; studied law, and entered upon the study of law, and established himself in Rhode Island, acquired considerable reputation as in 1802, to practice his profession. a lawyer. In 1830 hewas a Repre- In 1813 he was elected a member sentative in the Legislature, and in of the General Assembly of that 1836 in the State Senate, and again State, to which he was appointed in the Lower House in 1841. In in the Lower ouse in 1841. In at thirty-four successive elections. 1843 was elected Lieutenant-Gover- Frorm 1839 to 1842 he was a Senanor of Kentucky. In 1849 was a tor of the United States. He died member of the Constitutional Con- at Washington, District of Columvention for reforming State laws, bia, January 29, 1842. and was a member of the United States Senate, from 1852 to 1855, being elected to fill the vacancy oc- DIXON, NATHAN F. casioned by the resignation of his Born in Westerly, Rhode Island, friend, Henry Clay. May 1, 1812; fitted for College at Plainfield Academy; and graduated DIXON, JAMES. at Brown University in 1833. HIe attended the law schools at New Born in Enfield, Connecticut, in Haven and Cambridge, and was ad1814; graduated at Williams Col- mitted to the bar in New London lege, Williamstown, Massachusetts, in 1837, and engaged in the practice in 1834; is a lawyer by profession; of his profession in Rhode Island and was a member of the House in and in Connecticut. He was a the Legislature of Connecticut, in member of the General Assembly of 1837, 1838, and 1844, and of the Rhode Island, from 1840 to 1849, State Senate in 1849 and 1854; and was elected a Representative in and a Representative in Congress, the Thirty-first Congress. In 1851 from 1845 to 1849; also elected a he was again elected to the General Senator for six years, from March Assembly, and, with the exception 4, 1857. He is a member of the of two years, has held the office to Committees on Post-roads and Con- the present time. tingent Expenses of the Senate. DOANE, WILLIAM.. DIXON, JOSEPH HENRY. DIXON, JOSEPH HENRY. IHe was born in Maine, and havA Representative in Congress, ing removed to Ohio, was elected a from North Carolina, from 1799 to Representative in Congress, from 1801. that State, from 1839 to 1843. 156 B I O GRAPHICAL S K E T C H E S. DOBBIN, JAMES C. DODDRIDGE, PHILIP. He was born in 1814; graduated He was a IRepresentative in Conat the University of North Caro- gress, from Virginia, in 1829, and lina in 1832. IHe was a lawyer by continued in that position until his profession, and was elected a Re- death, which occurred in Washingpresentative in Congress, from his ton, November 19, 1832. He was native State, in 1845, and declined a distinguished lawyer, and coma re-election. He served in the manded great influence in Congress. State Legislature in 1848 and 1850, He was about sixty years of age. and during the last session officiated as Speaker. His eloquence at the DODGE, AUGUSTUS C. bar and in the legislative hall, is said to have been of the most win- e was bo ning character, and his urbane man- was a Delegate to Congress, from ners and amiable disposition made the Territory of Iowa, from 1841 to him a general favorite. He was 184; a Senator in Congress from the State of Iowa fromn 1848 to Secretary of the Navy during the whole of President Pierce's admin- 1855; after which he received, from istration, and he died in Fayetteville, President Pierce, the appointment orth Carolina, August 4, 85. of Minister to Spain, which he has North Carolina, August 4, 1857. recently resigned. DOCKERY, A. He was a native of North Caro- DODGE, HENRY. lina, and a iRepresentative in Con- He was born in Indiana, and regress, from that State, from 1845 moving to Wisconsin, served, with to 1847, and again from 1851 to great credit, as an officer of volun1853. teers, on the Northwestern frontiers. He distinguished himself especially DODD, IEDWATlR~PD. in the Black Hawk war, and, as an Born in Salem, Washington Co., Indian fighter, was thought to have New York, in 1805; was bred a no superior. W~hen the first regimerchant; chosen County Clerk of ment of dragoons was raised in the County of Washington for three 1833, he was appointed Colonel, terms of three years each, commenc- which office he resigned in 18.36, ing January 1, 1835; was a mem- when he was appointed Governor of ber of the Constitutional Conven- Wisconsin Territory and Superintion of New York in 1846; and a tendent of Indian Affairs. He was Representative in Congress, from a Delegate to Congress, from Wis1855 to the present time, serving consin, from 1841 to 1845, and a on the Committee on the District Senator in Congress, from the State of Columbia. of Wisconsin, from 1849 to 1857. B I O G RAPHICAL SKETC ES. 157 DOIG, ANDREW W. DOTY, JAMES D. Hie was born in New York, and IHe was born in New York, was was a Representative in Congress, a Delegate to Congress, from the from that State, from 1839 to 1843, Territory of Wisconsin, from 1839 having previously served one year to 1841, and a Representative in in the State Assembly. Congress, from the State of Wisconsin, from 1849 to 1853. DONEYELLES, PETER. DOUBLEDAY, ULYSSES F. He was a Representative in Con- He was born in New York, and gress, from New York, from 1813 to was a Representative in Congress, 1815. from that State, from 1831 to 1833, and again from 1835 to 1837. DONNELL, RICHARD S. He was born in North Carolina, DOULAS, STEPHEN A. and was a Representative in Con- Was born at Brandon, Rutland gress, from that State, from 1847 to County, Vermont, April 23, 1813. 1849. He lost his father while an infant, and his mother being left in destiDOOLITTLE, J. R. tute circumstances, he entered a Born in Hampton, Washington cabinet shop at Middlebury, in his County, A ew York, January 3, native State, for the purpose of 1815; graduated at Geneva College learning the trade. After remainin 1834; is a lawyer by profession, ing there for several months, he reand was admitted to the Supreme turned to Brandon, where he contiCourt of New York in 1837. He nued for a year at the same calling, was District Attorney, for several but his health obliged him to abanyears, for Wyoming County, New don it, and he became a student in York; and removed to Wisconsin the academy. His mother having in 1851; was chosen Judge of the married a second time, he followed First Judicial Circuit of that State her to Canandaigua, in the State of in 1853, but resigned in 1856. I-He New York. Here he pursuec the was elected a Senator of the United study of the law until his removal States in 1857, for six years, and is to Cleveland, Ohio, in 1831. From a member of the Committee on In- Cleveland he went still farther west, dian Affairs. -and finally settled in Jacksonville, Illinois. He was at first employed as clerk to an auctioneer, and afterDOR~SEY, CLEMENT. wards kept school, devoting all the He was a Representative in Con- time he could spare to the study of gress, from Maryland, from 1825 to the law. In 1834 he was admitted 1831. to the bar, soon obtained a lucrative 158 B I O G RAP H I CAL SKETC H E S. practice, and was elected Attorney- DOWNING, CHARLES. General of the State. In 1837 he He was born in Virginia, and was appointed, by President Van was a Delegate to Congress, from Buren, Register of the Land-office, the Territory of Florida, from 1831 at Springfield, Illinois. He afterto 1841. wards practiced his profession, and, in 1840, was elected Secretary of DOWNS, SOLOMON U. State and the following year Jucdge State, adtfooigerue He was Collector of the port of of the Supreme Court. This of- New Orleans and from 1847 to flee he resigned, after sitting upon 1853 a Senator in Congress, from the bench for two years, in conse- Louisiana. He died in OrChard quence of ill health. In 1843 he Springs, Kentucky, August 14, was elected to Congress, and con- 18540 tinued a member of the Lower House for four years. In Decem- DOWSE, EDWARD. ber, 1847, he was elected to the He was a Representative in ConUnited States Senate, of which he gress, from Massachusetts, from continues a member. He was, (as 1810 to 1821. he had been for several sessions,) during the first session of the Thirty- DRAKE, JOIIN R. fifth Congress, Chairman of the He was one of the earliest setCommittee on Territories. He has tlers in Tioga County, New York; also recently been re-elected a Se- was a Representative in Congress, nator in Congress. from that State, from 1817 to 1819; was elected Judge of Tioga County DOWDELL, JAMIES F. in 1833; and was a member of the Born in Jasper County, Georgia, New Yorl Assembly in 1834. He Novemb~er 26, 1818; graduated at rwas in ill health for eight years beRandolph Macon College in 1840; fore his death, which occurred at and is a lawyer by profession; he Oswego, March 21. 1857, in the removed to Alabama in 1846, and seventy-fourth year of his age. took charge of a female college for one year, and afterwards engaged DRAPER, JOSEPH, in farming and planting. He was He was a [Representative in Cona Representative from Alabama in gress, from Virginia, from 1830 to the Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth, and 1831, and again from 1832 to 183?3. Thirty-fifth Congresses, and is a member of the Committee of Ways DRAYTON, WILLIAM. and Mleans, and also that of Inquiry Was a Representative in Coninto the Cost of Public Printing gress, from South Carolina, firom and Laws Relating thereto. 1825 to 1833, but was a resident of BIOGRAPHICAL SK ETCHES. 159 Philadelphia for many years, in 1843 to 1845. He died in Cincinwhich city he died May 24, 1846. nati, Ohio, March 2, 1852. DRUM AUGUSTUS. DUNCAN, DANIEL. He was born in Pennsylvania, Born in the town of Shippensand was a Representative in Con- bnrg, Cumberland County, Penngress, from that State, from 1853 sylvania, July 22. 1806, and died to 1855. in Washington, June 18, 1849. He was bred a merchant, and in DRTUMGOOLE, GEORGE C. 1843 was elected to the Legislature He was born in Virginia; edu- of Ohio, from Licking County. Ile cated a lawyer; and was a Repre- was a Representative in Congress sentative in Congress, from Vir- from 1841 to 1849; and more a ginia, from 1835 to 1841, and also man of action than of words. from 1843 to 1847; and died April 28, 1847. DUNCAN, GARNETT. DUDLEY, CHARLES E. He was born in Kentucky, and was a Representative in Congress, Hoe was a Senator in Co1ngress, 1 from that State, fronm 1847 to 1849. from New York, from 1828 to 1833, and died January 23, 1841. DUNCAB, JAIES H. DUDLEY, EDWARD B. He was a native of Massachusetts, and a Representative in ConHe was a Representative in Congress, from 1829 to 1831; and in gress, from that State, from 1849 1836 was elected the first Governor of North Carolina under the amended Constitution of that State. DUNCAN, JOSEPH. He was subsequently appointed Ile served in the army with crePresident of the Wilmington and dit during the late war with EngRaleigh Railroad Company, and land; held various offices of disdied at Wilmington, North Caro- tinction and trust; was at one time lina, in November, 1855. Governor of Illinois, and a Representative in Congress, from that DUNBAR, WILLIAM. State, from 1827 to 1835. He died He was a Representative in Con- at Jacksonville, Illinois, January gress, from Louisiana, from 1853 15, 1844. to 1855. DUER, WILLIAM. DUNCAN, ALEXANDER. Born in the City of New York, Was a member of the House of May 25, 1805. He graduated at Representatives in Congress, from Coluanbia College in 1824; studied Ohio, from 1837 to 1841, and from law, and, in 1828, removed to Os 160 B IO G RAPHICAL SKETCHES. wego, soon after returning to New 1847. HIe is at the present time York; he subsequently removed to President of the Board of OverNew Orleans, and again returned to seers of Bowdoin College. Oswego; he served in the Legislature of New York, on two occasions; DUNLAP, WILLIAM C. was District Attorney for Oswego He was born in Tennessee, and County, and a Representative in was a Representative in Congress, Congress, from 1847 to 1851. from that State, from 1833 to 1837. DUNHAM, CYRUS L. DUNN, GEORGE G. He is a native of New York He was born in 1813, and died State. As a farmer's boy he work- i Lawrence County, Indiana, in ed laboriously during the summer September, 1857 He had held months, to obtain means for his many high official trusts, and was a education during the winter; after Representative in Congress, from 1847 to 1849. He was a lawyer, acquiring the rudiments, he filled and noted for his abilities as an the humblest position on board a fishing craft from one of the sea- orator. ports of Massachusetts, to New- DUNN, GEORGE H. foundland, and after completing his He was a Representative in Constudies, he removed to Salem, Indi- gress, from Indiana, from 1837 to ana, taught school and studied law, 1839. and was admitted to the bar. He DURELL, DANIEL M. was elected to the Legislature of He was born in Massachusetts; Indiana in 1.846 and 1847, and was graduated at Dartmouth College in a Representative in Congress, from 1794; and was a Representative in that State, from 1849 to 1855. Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1807 to 1809. He died in DUNLAP, ROBERT P. 1841, aged seventy-one years. HIe was born in Maine; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1815; DURFEE, JOB. studied law and was admitted to the Ite was born at Tiverton, Rhode bar in 1818; in 1821 and 1822 was Island, in 1790; graduated at a member of the State Legislature; Brown University in 1813; adoptin 1823 he was elected a State Se- ed the profession of the law; and nator, and presided over that body though for a long time was Chief for several years; in 1833 he was Justice of Rhode Island, he devoted a member of the Executive Council much attention to poetry and Bellesof Maine; in 1834 he was elected lettres generally. He was a RepGovernor of Maine, and served four resentative in Congress, from Rhode years; and he was a Representa- Island, from 1821 to 1825. He died tive in Congress, from 1843 to in 1847. BIOGRAP I CAL S K E TCH: E S. 161 DURFEE, NATHANIEL B. DUVALL, GABRIEL. He was born in Tiverton, IRhode He was born in 1751, of a HIuIsland, September 29, 1812; re- guenot family; served as a clerk ceived a good classical education at to the first Legislature of MaryNewport; from 1838 to 1850 de- land, before the Declaration of Invoted himself to the pursuits of dependence; he was a Representaagriculture; he represented the tive in Congress, from Maryland, town of Warwick, some seven or from 1794 to 1796; Comptroller eight years, in the State Legisla- of the United States Treasury in ture, and the town of Tiverton, four 1802; and in 1811 was appointed years; and, having been elected a a Judge of the Supreme Court of member of the Thirty-fourth Con- the State, which office he held for gress, served his term, and was re- twenty years. lHe died in Prince elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, George County, Mfaryland, March serving on the Committee on Mlanu- 6, 1844. factures. DWIGHT, HENRY W. DURKIEE, CHARLES. DUrninRoyaEE, CArL t. D He was a Representative in ConBorn in Royalton, Vermont, Degress, from Massachusetts, from cember 5, 1807; was a merchant; 1821 to 1831, and died in New removed to Wisconsin, and was York, February 21, 1845. elected to the Legislature of that State, in 1837 and 1838; a Repre- DWIGHT. THEODORE. sentative in Congress, in 1848 and 1850; and a United States Senator Born in Northampton, Massachusetts, in 17165. Soon after the for six years, commencing March, 5 adis yar, comember t n, Revolution he studied law, and at1855, and is a member of the Com5 ad i. a m r tained a high position as a lawyer; mittees on Revolutionary and Pri- vate Land e Claims. for a great number of years he was a State Senator in Connecticut; DUVAL, WILLIAM P. and he was a Representative in Born in Virginia in 1784, but in Congress, during the years 1806 early life went to Kentucky, where and 1807. He was a ready and he studied and practiced law; he brilliant writer; conducted for a was a Representative in Congress, time the LHartford Mirror; was from 1813 to 1815; and in 1822 Secretary of the Hartford Convenwas appointed Governor of Flo- tion, of which he wrote the authenrida, by President Monroe, and re- tic history; in 1815, at the suggesappointed by Adams and Jackson. tion of leading men, he established In 1848 he removed to Texas, and the Albany JDaily Advertiser; and was Governor of that State. He in 1817 founded the ATew York died in Washington, District of Daily Advertiser, which he conColumbia, March 19, 1854. ducted with signal ability until 11 162 B IOGRAPHICAL SKE TCHES. 1836, when he removed to iart- EARLL, JONAS. ford, Connecticut, and retired from Born in 1786, was at one time a active life. About three years beSenator in the New Yorlk Legislafore his death, he went to New ture a member of Congress, from ture, a member of Congress, from York to reside with his son, and that State, from 1827 to 1831, and died in that city, June 11, 1846. a Canal Commissioner at the tilme of DWIGHT, THOMAS. his death, which occurred at Syracuse, New York, in October, 1846. ile graduated at Harvard University in 1778; was a Representative in Congress, from Massachu- EARLL, NEHEMIATI II. setts, from 1803 to 1805; and died He was born in New York, and in 1819. was a Representative in Congress, DWINELL, JUSTIN. from that State, from 1839 to 1841. He graduated at Yale College in 1805; was a, member of the New EARLY, PETER. York Assembly in 1821 and 1822; Born in Madison County, Virand was a Representative in Con- ginia, June 20, 1773, and emigrated gress, from that State, from 1823 to Georgia with his father in 1795. to 1825. to 1825. e graduated at Nassau Hall, EAGER, S. W. Princeton, and studied law in PhiHe graduated at Princeton Col- ladelphia. He served in the United lege in 1809; and was a Represen- States House of Representatives, tative in Congress, from New York, from Georgia, from 1802 to 1807; from 1829 to 1831. and was one of the most conspicuous among its members who supEARLE, ELIAS. ported the Administration. On He was born in Frederick County, his return to Georgia, he was made Virginia, and was a Representative a Judge of the Supreme Court of in Congress, from South Carolina, the State, and in 1813 was elected from 1805 to 1807, from 1811 to Governor of his adopted State. He 1815, and again from 1817 to 1821. was subsequently a State Senator, but for several years before his EARLE, JOhTN B. death lived in retirement. He died He was a Representative in Con- August 15, 1817. gress, from South Carolina, from 1803 to 1805. EASTMAN, BENJAMIN C. EARLE, SAMUEL. A Representative in Congress, He was a Representative in Con- from Wisconsin, from 1851 to 1855, gress, from South Carolina, from and died February 5, 1856, at 1795 to 1797. Platteville, in that State. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 163 EASTMAN, IRA A. EDDY, NORMAN. He was born in New Hampshire; He was born in New York, and graduated at Dartmouth College in having removed to Indiana, was a 1829; served in the State Legisla- Representative in Congress, from ture; was a Judge of the Supreme that State, from 1853 to 1855. Court; and was elected a lRepreEDDY, SAMUEL. sentative in Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 1843. Born in Johnson, Rhode Island, March 31, 1769; graduated at EASTMAN, NEHEMIAH. Brown University in 1787; studied He was a Representative in Con- law, but did not long engage in gress, from New Hampshire, from practice. In 1798 he was chosen 1825 to 1827. Secretary of State, and held the office for twenty-one years, when he EASTON, RUFUS. resigned, and was elected a Representative in Congress, fiolm his He was a Delegate to Congress, sentative in Congress, from his native State, from 1819 to 1825. from Missouri Territory, from 1814 native State, from 1819 to 1825. to 1816. He was subsequently Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Rhode EATON, JOHN H. Island, for eight years. He deHe was a Senator in Congress, voted some attention to literary from Tennessee, from 1818 to 1829; pursnits, and published a work on was Secretary of War under Presi- "Antiquities," and was honored, in dent Jackson, (as well as a warm 1801, with the degree of LL.D. personal friend,) from 1829 to 1831; He died in Providence, February from 1834 to 1836 was Governor of 3, 1839. the Territory of Florida; and from EDGERTON, ALFRED P. 1836 to 1840, Minister PlenipotenHe was born in New York, and tiary to Spain. He died in Wash- to Oio was elected a ington, District of Columbia, No- ington, District of mia-, N- Representative in Congress, from veer 1, 1856, aged sity-six that State, from 1851 to 1855. years. EATON, LEWIS. EDIE, JOHN R. Hle was a Representative in Con- He was born in Pennsylvania, gress, from New York, from 1823 and elected a Representative to to 1825. the Thirtv-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving as a member of ECKERT, GEORGE N. the Committee on Patents. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Con- EDMOND, WILLIAM. gress, from that State, from 1847 Born at South Britain, Connectito 1849. cut, September 28, 1755, and gra 164 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. duated at Yale College in 1773. County, Kentucky, November 13, He was a volunteer soldier at the 1826. He had not the advantage burning of Danbury, and received of a classical education, and his pura wound in the leg, which made suits were those of agriculture and him lame for life. He was a lawyer merchandise. He was a member by profession; was chosen a mem- of the Maryland Legislature; also ber of the Legislature, member of of the State Convention which ratithe Council, and Judge of the fled the Federal Constitution; and Supreme Court of the State; and a member of Congress, from Marya member of Congress, from 1798 land, from 1793 to 1795. He spent to 1801. He died in Newton, Con- the later years of his life in Kennecticut, August 1, 1838. tucky, but held no public positions in that State. EDMONDS, J. WILEY. I-He was born in Massachusetts, EDWARDS, FRANCIS S. and was a Representative in ConHe was born in Connecticut, and gress, from that State, from 1853 to~~ 18~55.~ ~removing to New York, was elected to 1855. a Representative, from that State, EDMUNDSON, HENRY A. to the Thirty-fourth Congress. IHe was born in Virginia, and having been elected a Representa-ENRY W. tive in Congress, from that State, in He was born at New Haven, Con1849, has been re-elected to each necticut, in 1779; graduated at successive Congress, serving at the Princeton College in 1797; studied present time as a member of the his profession at the Litchfield Law Committee on Public Expenditures. School, and settled in New Haven. IHe was a Representative in ConEDSALL, JOSEPH. gress, from 1819 to 1823; United He was born in Vermont, and on States Senator from 1823 to 1827; removing to New Jersey, was elect- member of the State Senate in 1828 ed a Representative in Congress, and 1829; Speaker of the Connecfrom that State, from 1847 to 1849. ticut House of Representatives in 1830; Governor in 1833, and from EDWARD, JOHN. 1835 to 1838; and upon his recomHle was horn in New York, and mendation a geological survey of the State was taken. He died in was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1839. EDWARDS, BENJAMIN. EDWARDS, JOHN. Born in Stafford County, Vir- He was a Senator in Congress, ginia, in 1752, and died in Todd from Kentucky, from 1792 to 1795. BIO G RAPHICAL S IETCHE S. 165 EDWARDS, JOHN. with the Indian tribes. When IlliHe was a Representative in Con- nois became a State, he was elected gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1839 a Senator in Congress, serving from to 1843, and died in Chester, Penn- 1818 to 1824, when he was appointsylvania, June 25, 1843. ed Minister to Mexico, but declined the office. In 1826 he was elected EDWARDS, JOHN C. Governor of the State of Illinois, which office he filled until 1831. gress, from Missouri, from 1841 to He died of cholera, July 20, 1833. gress, front Milssouri, from 184:1 to 1843. EDWARDS, SAMUEL. EDWARDS, NINIAN. Hle was born in Delaware CounBorn in Montgomery, County, ty, Pennsylvania, and was a RepreMaryland, March, 1715. He was in sentative in Congress, from that early life the intimate friend of Wil- State from 1819 to 1827. liam Wirt, and graduated at Dickenson College; he studied both medi- EDWARDS, THOMAS O. cine and law, but devoted himself to He was born in Maryland, and the practice of the law with eminent having taken up his residence in success; removing to Kentucky, he Ohio, was elected a Representative was twice elected to the Legislature; in Congress, from that State, from was appointed a Circuit Clerk; and 1847 to 1849. subsequently Judge of the General Court of Kentucky, of the Circuit EDWARDS, WELDON N. Court, of the Court of Appeals, and finally Chief Justice of the State, and Born in Northampton County, all before reaching the thirty-second North Carolina, in 1788; educated year of his age. In 1809 President at Warrenton Academy; read law, Madison appointed him Governor and came to the bar in 1810; was of the Territory of Illinois, to which in the Legislature for two years; office he was three times re-appoint- and was a member of Congress, ed. Before Congress had adopted from 1816 to 1827. He again went any measures on the subject of vo- into the Legislature, serving there lunteer rangers, he organized com- from 1833 to 1844; and was repanies, supplied them with arms, elected in 1850, when he was made built stockade forts, and established a line of posts from the mouth of the Missouri to the Wabash River; he was thus prepared for defence, He was born in New York; a and during the Indian wars on the member of the Assembly of that frontiers, was most devoted to his State in 1829, and a Representacountry's service. In 1816 he was tive in Congress, from 1835 to appointed a Commissioner to treat 1837. 16G BIOGRAPHICAL S K ETC IE S. EGBERT, JOSEPH. from Rhode Island, from 1801 to He was born in New York, and 1805; and was appointed, in the was a Representative in Congress, latter year, United States Commisfrom that State, from 1841 to 1843. sinner of Loans. He was appointed Collector of Newport in 1828; and EGE, GEORGE. died in 1840. He was a Representative in Congress, from New Jersey, during the ELLICOTT, BENJAMIN. years 1q96 and 1797. I-{e was a Representative in ConEGGLESTON, JOSEPH. gress, from New York, from 1817 to 1819. Born in Amelia County, Virginia, November 24, 1754, and died ELLIOT, JOHN. February 15, 1811. He was edu- He graduated at Yale College in cated at the College of William 1794; resided in Sunbury, Liberty and Mary; served in the revolu- County, Georgia, and was a Senator tionary war, as a captain and major in Congress, from that State, from of cavalry, under Colonel Henry 1819 to 1825, serving on several Lee; was in several of the battles importantcommittees. He died in fought by Gates and Greene; he 1821. served in the Virginia Assembly for several years; and was a PRe- ELLIOT, THOMAS D. presentative in Congress, from 1798 ie was born in Massachusetts to 1801. From the time of his to 1801. From the time of his and was a Representative in Conleaving Congress until his death, he gress, from that State, fon 1854 gress, from that State, from 1854 was a justice of the peace. to 1855. ELIOT, SAMUEL A. ELLIOTT, JAM/IES. Born in Boston, Massachusetts, ELLIOTT, JAMES. March 5, 1'798; educated at Har- He was a Representative in Convard College, and engaged in com- gress, from Vermont, from 1803 to mercial and manufacturing business. 1809, and died at Newfane, VerHe was Mayor of Boston, from mont, Nove)nber 10, 1839. 1837. to 1839; Representative and Senator in the Legislature for three ELLIOTT, JOHN M. or four years; and a Representative Born in Scott County, Virginia, in Congress, from 1850 to 1851. May 16, 1820. He was educated He was also Treasurer of Harvard in the county schools of Kentucky; College eleven years. studied law, and commenced the practice in 1843; was elected to ELLERY, CHRISTOPHXER. the State Legislature in 1847; and He graduated at Yale College in in 1853 was elected a Representa1871; was a Senator in Congress, tive in Congress, which position he BIO G RAP I CAL SKETCHES. 167 still occupies, serving as Chairman ELLSWORTH, OLIVER. of the Committee on Public Expenditures. Born at Windsor, Connecticut, April 29, 1745, and graduated at ELLIS, CALEB. Princeton College, New Jersey, in Born at Walpole, Massachusetts, 1766. He studied law, and soon and graduated at Harvard College became eminent in the practice. In in 1793; when admitted to the bar 1777 he was chosen a Delegate in he settled at Claremont, New Hamp- Congress, from Connecticut. In shire. He was a Representative in 1780 he was elected to the Council Congress, from 1805 to 1809; was a of Connecticut, and was a member member of the Council, and in 1811 of that body till 1784, when he was elected to the State Senate. In 1812 appointed a Judge of the Superior he was one of the Electors of Pre- Court of that State. In 1787 he sident and Vice-President; and in was elected a member of the Con1813 was Judge of the Supreme vention which framed the Federal Court of New Hampshire, and con- Constitution. In an assembly illustinued in that office until his death, trious for talents, erudition, and which occurred May 9, 1816, aged patriotism, he held a distinguished forty-nine years. place. His exertions essentially aided in the production of an instruELLIS, CIIESELDEN. - ment which has been the main pilHe was born in New York, and lar of American prosperity and glowas a Representative in Congress, ry. He was afterwards a member from that State, from 1843 to 1845. of the State Convention of Connecticut, and contributed his efforts ELLIS, POWHATTAN. toward procuring the ratification of He was a Representative in Con- the Constitution by that State. gress, from Mississippi, from 1825 When the Federal Government was to 1826, and again from 182r to organized, in 1789, he was a mem1833; and was appointed United ber of the Senate, from Connecticut. States Judge for the Mississippi In 1796 he was appointed, by WashDistrict. ington,Chief Justice of the Supreme ELLIS, WILLIAM C. Court of the United States, but reHe was a Representative in Con- signed the office, on account of ill gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1823 health, in 1800. In 1799 he was to 1825. appointed, by President Adams, Envoy Extraordinary to France, ELLISON, ANDREW. for the purpose of settling a treaty He was born in Ireland, and hav- with that nation. He received the ing emigrated to Ohio, was elected degree of LL.D., in 1790, from Yale a Representative in Congress, from College, and in 1797 from Dart1853 to 1855. mouth. He died November 26, 1807. 168 BIO GRAPHICAL SKETCHE S. ELLSWORTH, SAMUEL S. time adjutant-general of the New HIe was born in Vermont; was a Jersey militia; during the war of member of the New York Assembly 1813, he commanded the troops on in 1840, and a Representative in the Delaware; in 1807 and 1815 Congress, from that State, from he was a member and Vice-Presi1845 to 1847. dent of the State Council; in 1808 he was appointed Collector of BridgeELLSWORTH, WILLIAM W. ton, and held the office for many He was born in Windsor, Hart- years; and he died at Bridgeton, ford County, Connecticut, Novem- New Jersey, October 18, 1843. He ber 10, 1191; graduated at Yale was one who always seemed to College in 1810; adopted the pro- think more of his duty as a public fession of law, and was Professor of officer than of his private interests. Law in Trinity College; and was a Representative in Congress, from ELMER, JONATHAN. Connecticut, from 1829 to 1833. He was born in Cumberland In 1838 he was elected Governor of County, New Jersey, in 1745; was Connecticut, and re-elected four a prominent physician, and praeyears; and for many years pa'st has ticed in his native county, having been a Judge of the Supreme Court graduated with honors at the Uniof Connecticut. versity of Pennsylvania; was a member of the Continental Congress; ELMENDORF, LUCAS. and a Senator in Congress under the He graduated at Princeton in Federal Constitution, from 1789 to 17 82, and was a Representative in 17 91. During the Revolution, he Congress, from New York, from was a sheriff, a surrogate, and a 1197 to 1803; a member of the As- judge; was a man of learning, and sembly of that State in 1804 and member of the Philosophical Soci1805; and a State Senator from ety of America. HIe died in 1817. 1814 to 1811. ELMER, LUCIUS Q. C. ELMER, EBENEZER. Born in Bridgeton, New Jersey, He was born in Cedarville, New in 1793; graduated at Princeton.Jersey, in 1752; was educated a College; was educated a lawyer,,physician; was a field-officer in the which profession he practiced in his trevolutionary war; also a surgeon in native town. For many years he.the army; was President of the So- was Prosecutor for the State; was ciety of the Cincinnati for New Jer- in the Assembly from 1820 to 1823, sey; a Representative in Congress, the last year being Speaker of that from that State, from 1801 to 1807; body; and in 1824 he was appointed served a number of years in the Attorney of the United States for.State Assembly, and was chosen New Jersey, which office he filled Speaker; he was also for a long until 1829. He was a Representa BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 169 tive in Congress, from New Jersey, gress, from Massachusetts, from from 1843 to 1845; in 1850 was 1805 to 1815, and died 1817. appointed Attorney-General of the State; and in 1852 one of the Jus- EMBREE, ELISHA. tices of the Supreme Court of his Born in Lincoln County, KenState, which office he continues to tucky, September 28, 1801, and rehold. moved with his father, in 1811, to ELMORE, FRANKLIN HARPER. the Southwestern portion of Indiana Territory, where he has conBorn in Laurens District, South Carolina, in 199 entered South tinued to reside. He received a Carolina, in 17 99; entered South common school education, after Carolina College in November, in which he studied and practiced law. 1817, and graduated in 1819; he wasa, landerby graduated sion he In 1813 he was elected to the State was a lawyer by profession, and admitted to the bar in 1821, In 1822 he was elected Solicitor of the chosen, by the Legislature, Circuit Judge, which office he held for ten Southern Circuit, and was continued years. In 1847 he was elected Rein this office by re-elections, until years. In 184t he was elected e1837, when he was elected to the presentative in the Thirtieth ConHouse of Representatives in Con- gress, and since the expiration of House of lPepresentatives in Conthat term has been engaged in agrigress, and served till 1839; he was that year elected President of the cultural pursuits. Bank of the State of South Carolina, which office he held till his EMOTT, JAMES. nomination to the Senate in 1850, Born in Albany, New York, in to fill the vacancy occasioned by the 1770; he did not receive a colledeath of the Hon. John C. Calhoun. giate education, but in 1800 Union His voice was heard but once in the College conferred on him the deSenate, and then in answering to gree of A.M. He was a distinhis name when called by the Secre- guished member of the bar, and tary. He died in Washington, Dis- under the old Constitution of New trict of Columbia, May 29, 1850. York he, for several years, filled the office of first Judge of the Court of ELY, JOHN. Common Pleas for his county, and He was born in Connecticut, and in that capacity gave that court a was a Representative in Congress, rank among the best of the State. from New York, from 1839 to 1841, Under the Constitution of 1821 he having previously served two years was appointed Judge for the Second in the Assembly of that State. District, which station he filled until he reached the age of sixty years, ELY, WILLIAM. which required him to retire. He He graduated at Yale College in was a Representative in Congress, 1787; was a Representative in Con- from his native State, from 1809 to 170 BIo G RAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1813, and died in Poughkeepsie, EPPES, JOHN W. April 7, 1850. Was a Senator in Congress, from Virginia, from 1817 to 1819, when EM4RIE, J. REECE. he resigned from ill health; he died He was born in Ohio, and elected near Richmond, Virginia, Septema Representative, from that State, ber, 1823, aged fifty years. to the Thirty-fourth Congress. ERDMAN, JACOB. ENGLISIH, WILLIAM H. ENGLISH, WILLIA H. He was born in Pennsylvania, Born in Scott County, Indiana, and was a Representative in ConAuglust 27, 1822. IHe received a gress, from that State, from 1845 good common school education, and to 1847 spent three years at the University of South Hanover; studied law, and ERWIN, JAMES. was admitted to practice in 1845, but when at home is chiefly devoted He was a Representative in Conto agricultural pursuits; in 1843 he gress, from South Carolina, from was elected Clerk of the House of 1817 to 1821, and died at DarlingRepresentatives of Indiana; during ton Court-House, South Carolina, President Polk's administration he in October, 1838. was a clerk in the Treasury Department; he was the Clerk of the State ESTILL, BENJAMIN. Constitutional Convention in 1850; He was a Representative in Conin 1851 he was elected to the gress, from Virginia, from 1825 to State Legislature, and officiated as 1827. Speaker; in 1852 he was elected a Representative in Congress, re- ETHERIDGE, EMERSON. elected in 1854, and made a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution; He was born in north Caolina again elected in 1856, and during and was a Representative in Conthe first session of the Thirty-fifth gress, from that State, from 1853 Congress took part in the Kansas to 1857. Compromise measure, and officiated at the same time as Chairman of the EUSTIS, GEORGE, Jn. Committee on Post-offices and Post- He was born in Louisiana, and roads. He has been re-elected to the was educated at Harvard UniverThirty-sixth Congress. sity; practiced law in New Orleans, and was elected a Representative EPPTES, JOHN W. to the Thirty-fourth and ThirtyHe was a Representative in Con- fifth Congresses, serving at the pregress, from Virginia, from 1803 to sent time on the Committee of 1811, and again from 1813 to 1815. Commerce. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 171 EUSTIS, WILLIAM. bar in 1845. He was a RepresenWras born in Cambridge, Massa- tative in Congress, from Maryland, chusetts, June 10, 1753. After gra- from 1847 to 1853, since which duating at Harvard College in 1772, time he has practiced his profession he studied medicine with Dr. Joseph at Elkton. In 1842 he was elected Warren. At the beginning of the corresponding member of the Nawar he was appointed surgeon of a re- tional Institute at Washington, and giment, and afterwards hospital sur- in 1849 received the degree of A.M. geon. In 1777, and during most from Delaware College. In 1851 of the war, he occupied, as a hos- he was elected a member of the pital, the spacious house of Colonel American Association for the AdRobinson, a royalist, opposite to vancement of Science, and also a West Point; Arnold had his head- member of the Historical Society quarters in the same house. At the of Baltimore. termination of the war, he comEVANS, DAVID R. menced the practice of his profes-, sion in Boston. In 1800 he was He was a Representative in Conelected a Representative in Con- gress, from South Carolina, from gress, serving until 1805. In 1809 1813 to 1815. he was appointed Secretary of War, EVANS, GEORGE. by President Madison, and continu- Born in Hallowell, Maine, Janued in office until, in the late war, the; graduated at ary 12, 1797; graduated at Bowarmy of Hull was surrendered, when doin College, September 3, 1815; he resigned. In 1815 he was sent is a lawyer by profession was as Ambassador to Holland. After Speaker of the House of Represenhis return, he was a Representative tatives of Maine in 1829; a Reprein Congress, from 1820 to 1823. sentative in Congress from 1829 to He was chosen Governor of Mas- to 1841, and United States Senator, sachusetts in 1823, and died in Bos- from 1841 to 1847. From 1849 to ton, after a short illness, February 1850 he was a Commissioner of the 6, 1825. Board of Claims against Mexico; EVANS, ALEXANDER. and Attorney-General of Maine in He was born at Elkton, Cecil 1853, 1854, and 1856. County, Maryland, his ancestors EVANS, JOSHUA. having settled in that county more 0~~~ Il. ~He was a Representative in Conthan a hundred years ago. His gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1829 education was received at a village to 1833. school, until fifteen years of age, and his first avocation was that of EVANS, JOSIAH J. a civil engineer. In 1842 he com- He was born in the District of menced the study of law in his na- Marlborough, South Carolina, Notive town, and was admitted to the vember 27, 1786; he was for a time 172 B I OG RAPHICAL SKETCHES. a merchant's clerk, but graduated EVANS, THOMAS. at South Carolina College in 1808; He was a Rtepresentative in Contaught school for one year; studied gress, from Virginia, from 1797 to law and rose to a high legal posi-1801 tion; at an early age, in 1812, 1813, and 1816, he was sent to the Legis- EVERETT, EDWARD. lature; by that body made Solicitor for the State from his District, Born in Dorchester, Massachuwhich position he held for thirteen setts, April, 1794. He received his years; in 1830 he was chosen a early educatian at Boston, and enJudge of the Supreme Court, which tered Harvard College when little office he held until 1852, when he more than thirteen years old, leavwas elected to the United States ing it with first honors four years Senate. Ile died May 6, 1858, of later, undecided as to a pursuit for disease of the heart, having, only life. He turned his attention for an hour before his death, been par- two years to the profession of ditaking of the hospitalities at din- vinity; but, in 1814, he was invited ner of his friend and colleague, to accept the new professorship of Senator Hammond. He was Chair- Greek literature at Cambridge, Masman of the Committees on Revo- sachusetts, with permission to visit lutionary Claims and on Contingent Europe. I-e accepted the office, Expenses of the Senate, and also a and, before entering on its duties, member of the Committees on Pa- embarked at Boston for Liverpool. tents and on Naval Affairs He passed more than two years at the famous University of Gfottingen, EVANS, LE3MUEL D. engaged in the study of the German language and the branches of He was born in Tennessee, and wa en e, learning connected with his departwas elected a Representative, from ment. He passed the winter of that State, to the Thirty-fourth 1817-18 at Paris. The next spring Congress. he again visited London, and passed a few weeks at Cambridge and EVANS, NATHAN. Oxford. In the autumn of 1818 Born in Belmont County, Ohio, he returned to the continent, and June 24, 1804; received a common divided the winter between Floschool education, and studied law, rence, Rome, and Naples. In the being admitted to practice in 1831. spring of 1819 he made a short He was Prosecuting Attorney for tour in Greece. He came home Guernsey County for four years, in 1819, and entered at once upon and was a Representative in Con- the duties of his professorship. gress, from 1847 to 1849, and now Soon after his return, he became the follows his profession in Cambridge, editor of the North American ReOhio. view, a journal which, though sup BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 173 ported by writers of great ability, sition he also resigned, since which had acquired only a limited circula- time, although leading the quiet life tion. Under its new editor the de- of a scholar, he has greatly added mand increased so rapidly that a to his reputation by delivering second and sometimes a third edi- orations on the Life of Washingtion of its numbers was required. ton, and on other topics, all being In 1824 he delivered the annual ora- for charitable purposes.; He was tion before the Phi-Beta-Kappa So- the intimate friend of Daniel Webciety, at Cambridge, Massachusetts. ster, and wrote the best life extant This was the first of a series of ora- of that distinguished man, whose tions and addresses delivered by him collected writings he edited. on public occasions of almost every kind during a quarter of a century, EVERETT, HORACE. and afterwards collected in two vo- A native of Vermont; was born lumes. Up to 1824 he had taken no inl 180; he was a lawyer by proactive interest in politics, but the con- fession; settled in Windsor, and stituency of Middclesex, Massachu- distinguished himself as one of the setts, without any solicitation on his most successful jury advocates in part, returned him to Congress. Vermont. He served in the State For ten years he sat in Congress, Legislature in 1819, 1820, 1822, and was a working member. In 1823, 1824, and 1834; was States 1835 he retired fronm Congress, and Attorney for Windsor County, from was for four successive years chosen 1813 to 1817; and was a prominent Governor of Massachusetts. In member of the State Constitutional 1841 he was appointed to repre- Convention of 1828. e was a sent the United States at the Court Representative in Congress, from of St. James. Although the Se- 1829 to 1843. cretaryship of State at Washington was held by four different statesmen, EVERHART, WILLIAM. of various politics, during his mis- Ile was bor in Pennsylvania, and sion, he enjoyed the confidence and was a Representative in Congress, approbation of all. His scholarship was recognized by the bestowal of the degree of D.C.L. by the Uni- EWING, ANDREW. versities of Oxford and Cambridge. He returned to America in 1845, and was chosen President of Har- was a Representative in Congress, yard College, which office'he re- from that State, from 1849 to 1851. signed in 1849. On the death of Mr. Webster, he was appointed Secretary of State by President He was born in Tennessee, and Fillmore, which office he resigned was a Representative in Congress, for a seat in the Senate. This po- from Tennessee, fiom 1845 to 1847. 174 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. EWING, JOHN. school teacher; in 1815 he received le was born at sea, while his pa- the degree of A.B. from the Athens rents were on their way from Ire- Academy, the first ever granted in land to Bltimore. He was bredto Ohio; and he studied law and was land to Baltimore. He was bred to mercantile pursuits, but acquired a admitted to the bar in 1816, practaste for literature. He served il ticing with success in the courts of both branches of the Legislature of Ohio and the Supreme Court of the boUnited Stantes. In 183th he wasLegislature of Indiana, and was a Representative of that State, in Congress, from elected to a seat in the United 1833 to 1835, and again from States Senate, from Ohio, where he 1837 to 1839. He died suddenly remained until 1837; he was a and alone, at Vincennes, in the member of President Harrison's winter of 1857, leaving on his table cabinet, as Secretary of the Treathese lines:- sury, in 1841; on the accession of "Here lies a man who loved his friends, President Taylor to the Presidency, His God, his country, and Yincennes." in 1849, he was invited into the cabinet, and took charge of the new EWING, JOHN H. Department of the Interior; and, HEe was born in Pennsylvania, and' in 1850, he was appointed to a seat was a Representative in Congress, in the United States Senate, where from Ohio, from 1845 to 1847. he remained until 1851, when he retired from political life and reEWING, PRESLEY. sumed the practice of his profession in Ohio. Born in Kentucky, and was a Representative to the Thirty-third Congress; he died at the Mam- WII moth Cave, September 27, 1854 Hle was a Representative in ConHe was considered one of the most gress, from Illinois, from 1836 to promising young men of the State. 1837. EWING, THOMAS. FAIRFIELD, JOHN. He was born near West Liberty, Born in Saco, Maine, January Ohio County, Virginia, December 30, 1797. He received a common 28, 1789; he received his early school education, studied law, and education chiefly from an elder sis- was admitted to the bar in 1826. ter, and, with his father's family, In 1832 he was appointed reporter settled in the wilds of Ohio, about of the Decisions of the Supreme 1792, where he enjoyed the advan- Court; from 1835 to 1837 he was tage of a winter school and an aca- a Representative in Congress; he demy; his life, during his youth was Governor of the State during and early manhood, was one of con- the years 1842 and 1843; and he tinuous toil; in 1814 he was a was elected a Senator in Congress, BIOGRAP H I CAL SKETC H ES. 175 in 1843, to fill a vacancy, and in been re-elected to the Thirty-sixth 1845 was re-elected for a term of Congress. six years; but he died at Washington, December 24, 1847, after a FARRINGTON, JAMES. surgical operation for the relief of a He was born in New Hampshire, local complaint. and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to FARELLY, JO-IN W. 1839. lie was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Con- FARROW, SAMUEL. gress, from that State, from 1847 to He was a Representative in Con1849. gress, from South Carolina, from 1813 to 1815. FARELLY, PATRICK. He was a Representative in Con- FAULKNER, CHARLES J. gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1821 Born in Berkeley County, Virgito 1826. nia, about the year 1805. HI-e reFARLEE, ISAAC G. ceived a collegiate education; came to the bar in 1829; was, in 1832 He was born i New Jersey, and and 1833, elected to the House of was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1845. from that State, from 1843 to 1845. pointed a Commissioner to report FARLEY, E. WILDER. upon the boundary between Virginia and Maryland; in 1841 was He was born in Maine, and was a elected to the Senate of VirRepresentative in Congress, from ginia, and in 1848 was again that State, from 1853 to 1855. elected to the House of Delegates; in 1850 a was member of FA:RELIN, DUDLEY. the Convention formed to revise HIe was a Representative in Con- the Constitution of the State; and gress, from New York, from 1835 having, in 1851, been elected a to 1837, and died at Warrensburg, Representative in Congress, has New York, September 26, 1837. been re-elected to each successive Congress, and was, during the first FARNSWORTH, J. F. session of the Thirty-fifth Congress, Born in the Township of Eaton, a member of the Committee to InLower Canada, March 27, 1820; quire into the Sale of the Fort is a lawyer by profession, and a Re- Snelling Reservation, also serving presentative in the Thirty-fifth on the Committee on Military AfCongress, from Illinois, and is a fairs, and is, at the present time, member of the Committee on Rle- Chairman of the Committee on volutionary Pensions. He has also Military Affairs. 176 B I O GRAP H I CAL SK E TC E S. FAY, FRANCIS B. FELCH, ALPHEUS. He was born in Massachusetts, Born in Limerick, York County, and was a Representative in Con- Maine, September 28, 1806. Hegress, from that State, from 1852 graduated at Bowdoin College, and to 1853. adopted the law as aprofession. He FAY, JOHN. emigrated to Michigan when quite He was born in Worcester Coun- young; was a member of the State ty, NMassachusetts, and was a Re- Legislature in 1836 and 1837; was presentative in Congress, from New appointed Bank Commissioner of York, from 1819 to 1821. Michigan in 1838, and resigned in 1839; for a short time in 1842 was FEARING, PAUL. Auditor-General of the State, but Born in Wareham, Massachu- relinquished that position for a seat setts, February 28, 1762, graduated on the bench of the Supreme at Harvard University in 1785; Court of Michigan; in 1845 he studied law, and emigrated to Ohio, was elected Governor of Michigan, where he became distinguished in and having resigned in 1847, was his profession. He settled in Ma- elected a Senator in Congress for rietta in 1788, after performing the six years. He was appointed, by journey, from Baltimore over the President Pierce, one of the Commountains, on foot. Soon after his missioners to settle land claims in arrival he was appointed United California, under the Act of ConStates Attorney for Washington gress and the Treaty of Guadalupe County, in that Territory. In Hidalgo, in March, 1853, the busi1797 he was appointed Judge of ness of which commission was closed Probate, for his county, and in 1801 by disposing of all the cases before was chosen a Delegate to Congress, it in March, 1856, since which time serving until 1803. In 1814 he he has lived in retirement. was appointed Master Commissioner in Chancery, and from 1810 to FELDER, JOHN M. 1817 was Judge in one of the State He graduated at Yale College Courts. In 1808 he engaged ex- in 1804, and was a Representative tensively in the raising of merino in Congress, from South Carolina, sheep, producing the best descrip- from 1831 to 1835. tion of wool, and stimulating others to unite in the business. He died August 2:1, 1822. Born in Providence, Rhode Island, in 1 71; graduated at Brown UniFEATHERSTONE, W. S. versity, from which institution he He was born in Tennessee, and received the degreee of L.L.D. on taking up his residence in Mis- He was for more than half a censissippi, was elected a Representa- tury actively connected with the tive in Congress, from 1847 to 1851. public affairs of his native State; B I O GRAP ICAL SKETCH E S. 177 was United States Senator from FESSENDEN, WILLIAM P. 1805 to 1807, when he was elected Governor of Rhode Island, which Born at Boscawen, New Hampoffice he held four years; was re- hire,October 6,1806; graduated elected in 1824, and served seven atBowdoin College in 1823; studied years, and was again elected in law and was admitted to practice in 1844. IHe died in Providence, Portland, in 1827, where he has April 17, 1846. continued the practice to the preFEINTON REUBEN E. sent time; was a member of the C lMaine Legislature in 1832, and reBorn in Carroll, Chautauque Co., Yorn i rly, C tau uo, elected in 1840; was a Represen_New York, July 1, 1819; was edutative in Congress from 1841 to cated at Pleasant Hill and Fredo- declining futhe sevice 1843, declining further service; nia Academies; is a lawyer by pro- the State Legislature fession, but pursued the mercantile in 1845 and 1846 and re-elected in business. He was elected a Re-in 1845 and 1846, and re-elected in business. He was elected a RiEep1853 and 1854; and was elected a resentative in the Thirty-third and Senator in Congress for six years, Senator in Congress for six years, Thirty-fifth Congresses, from New from March 1853, serving as a York, serving on the Committee member of the Committee onFion Private Land Claims. He has nance. He was a member in 1832 also been re-elected to the Thirty- of the Convention vhich nominated sixth Congress. Henry Clay for President, and also FERGUSON, FENNER, of the Conventions that nominated Born in Rensselaer County, New Generals Taylor and Scott. During York, April 25, 1814. His educa- the past summer the degree of tion was academic, and he is a law- LL.D. was conferred upon him yer by profession; he was Master by Bowdoin College, of which inin Chancery in Albany, New York, stitution he is an overseer. in 1844; also Master in Chancery in Michigan; a member of the Michigan Legislature, and Prosecuting FEW, WILLIAM. Attorney. June 29, 1854, he vwas Born in Maryland, June 8, 1748. appointed by President Pierce, When he was ten years of age he Chief Justice of the Territory of removed with his father to North Nebraska, which office he resigned, Carolina, where he received a good after being elected a Delegate to the education. He was a colonel in Thirty-fifth Congress, from that Ter- the revolutionary army, and disritory. tinguished himself in several actions FERRIS, CHARLES G. with the British and Indians. He He was born in New York, and settled in Georgia in 1776, and in was a Representative in Congress, 1778 was Surveyor-General of the from that State,' from 1.841 to State, and Presiding Judge of the 1843.'Richmond County Court; in 1780 12 178 BIOGRAPtICAL SKETCH ES. he was sent as Delegate to Congress, ty, at that time a wild region, to and remained in that body until the learn the clothier's trade, and about peace; and was again appointed in four months later he was appren1786; in the next year he assisted ticed to a wool-carder, in the town in forming the National Constitu- in which his father lived. During tion, after the adoption of which he the four years that he worked at his was elected a Senator in Congress, trade, he did what he could to supserving from 1789 to 1793; in 1796 ply the defects of his early educahe was a member of the Convention tion. At the age of nineteen he which framed the Constitution of commenced the study of law, and the State of Georgia, and subse- devoted a portion of his time to quently served three years upon teaching school. In 1821 he rethe Bench. He resided during his moved to Erie County, and pursued later years in the City of New York, his legal studies in the City of Bufof which he was Mayor. He died falo. Two years later he was adat Fishkill, New York, July 16, mitted to the Common Pleas, and 1828. commenced the practice of the law FICKLIN, ORLANDO B. at Aurora, in the same county. In 1827, he was admitted as an atA native of Kentucky, and born, torney, and in 1829, as a counselin 1808; he received a plain English education; studied law, and lor in the Supreme Cort, and in gh Law the following year he removed to graduated at the Transylvanlia Law B SChool, co n to l e Buffalo. His political life comSchool, commencing to practice in 1830, in Mount Carmel, Illinois. menced with his election to the In 1834 he was a member of the State Assembly, in which he took Legislature, and was Attorney for his seat in 1829. In 1832, he was the Wabash Circuit in 1835. In elected to Congress, and took his seat the following year. In 1835, 1838 and in 1842, was again elected at the following year. In 1835, to the Legislature, and in 1843 was at the close of his term in office, he elected a Rpresptatresumed the practice of the law, but electd a ~preentai n Co- was re-elected to Congress in 1837. gress, serving six consecutive years, was reselected to Congress in 183 and was re-elected in 1850. In During this term, he took a more 1853 he was colonel of militia, since prominent part in the business of wh e in the House than during his former which time he has been engaged in the practice of his profession, and term, and was assigned a place on the Committee on Elections. He was successively re-elected to the FILLMORE, MILLARD. Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh Born January 7, 1800, at Sum- Congresses. At the close of the mer Hill, Cayuga County, in the first session of the Twenty-seventh State of New York. At an early Congress, he declined a re-election, age he was sent to Livingston Coun- returned to Buffalo, and again de BIO G RAPHhICAL SKETCHIES. 179 voted himself to his profession. In Convention which framed the new 1847 he was elected to the office of Constitution of Pennsylvania, and Comptroller of the State. In 1848 a member of Congress, from 1803 he was nominated by the Whigs as to 1817. In his politics he optheir candidate for Vice-President, posed the administration of Mr. and elected to that office in the Adams, and supported Mr. Jefferautumn of the same year. In March, son. He published a review of the 1849, he resigned his office of Comp- Funding System, in 1794; and a troller, to assume the duties of his History of the Insurrection of the new position,where he remained until Four Western Counties of Pennsylthe death of President Taylor, in vania, in 1796. IHe died at Unity July, 1850, bywhich he was elevated Township, Greensburg, April 5, to the Presidential chair. His term 1821, aged upwards of seventy. of office expired March 4, 1853. Since his retirement from public life FINE, JOHN. he has visited Europe. Born in New York, August 26, FI N CH, ISAAC. 1784; graduated at Columbia College, New York, in 1809; studied H3e was a native of New York, a law, and settled in St. Lawrence member of the Assembly of that County, New York; was a judge State, in 1822 and 1824, and a Re- in that county for eighteen years; presentative in Congress, from New was County Treasurer from 1821 to York, from 1829 to 1831. 1833; and a Representative in ConFINDLAY, JAMES. gress, from 1839 to 1841. Hie published a volume of law lectures. He was a native of Pennsylvania, and a member of Congress, from FISH HAMILTON. Ohio, from 1825 to 1833. He died at Cincinnati, Ohio, December 21, He was born in New York City 1835. in 1809; graduated at Columbia College; studied law, and was adFINDLEY, JOHN. mitted to the bar in 1830; in 1837 He was a Representative in Con- was elected to the State Legislature; gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1822 was a Representative in Congress, to 1827. from 1843 to 1845; Governor of New York in 1849; and a Senator FlNDLEY, WILLIAM. in Congress, from 1851 to 1856. He came in early life from Ire- Of late years he has been traveling land. In the Revolution he en- in Europe. gaged with zeal in the cause of his adopted country, and at the close of FISHER, CHARLES. the war, he removed to Pennsyl- Born in Rowan County, North vania. He was a member of the Carolina, October 20, 1789. He 180 BIO GRAPHICAL SKETCHES. received an academical education, York Assembly, from Tioga County, and studied law; but did not prac- in 1835. tice to any extent. He commenced public life by going into the State FISK, JAMES. Senate in 1818, and in 1819 was Born abouttheyear 1762; received elected to Congress, where he served a limited education, but studied law; during his term. In 1821 he was and from his superior natural taelected again to the State Legisla- lents, rose to eminence in his proture, when he served almost contin- fession; he was a Representative in uously until 1836. He was a dele- Congress,FromVermont, from 1805 gate to the Convention to amend to 1809, and from 1811 to 1815, the StateConstitution in 1835; and, when he was appointed one of the from 1839 to 1841, was again a Re- Judges of the Supreme Court of presentative in Congress. He died Vermont. He was a Senator in at Hillsborough, Scott County, Mis- Congress, during the years 1817 and sissippi, May 7, 1849, while return- 1818, and resigned. In 1812 he ing home from an extended tour in was appointed, by President Madithe Southwest. son, Judge of the Territory of Indiana, and, in 1817, Collector of the FISHER, DAVID. port of Alburg, which office he held He was born in Somerset County, eight years. He died December 1, Pennsylvania, December 3,17 94; re- 1844. ceived an English eudcation, chiefly in a log school-house; brought up FISK, JONATHAN. to clearing land and farming, in He was a Representative in ConOhio; he has done something also gress, from New York, from 1809 as a lay-preacher; in 1842 he was to 1811, and again from 1813 to elected to the Legislature of Ohio; 1815, when he was appointed Uniand he was a Representative in Con- ted States Attorney for the Southgress, from 1847 to 1849. His chair ern District of New York. in the House of Representatives was next to that of the late John Quincy FITCH, ASA. Adams, and when the great statesHe was a Representative in Conman fainted, before his death, he fell gress, from [New York, from 1811 into the arms of Mr. Fisher. He is to 1813. the author of a theological work on the "Divinity of Christ." FITCH, G. N. Born in Le Roy, Genesee County, New York, in December, 1810. He was a Representative in Con- He received his education at Midgress, from New York, from 1829 dlebury and Geneva, but did not to 1830, and a member of the New graduate; he studied medicine, and BIOGRAPHICAL SK E T CHE S. 181 was a medical professor in the sided. He received as good an Rush Medical College at Chicago, education as new countries geneIllinois, from 1844 to 1849. In rally afford; studied law and was 1844, 1848, and 1856, he was chosen admitted to practice in 1821; was a Presidential Elector, and in 1836 shortly afterwards elected Solicitor and 1839, was elected to the Legis- of the Judicial District in which he lature of Indiana. He was a Re- lived; was again elected to the presentative in Congress, from 1849 same office, in 1825, aud held it to 1853, and in 1857 was chosen a until 1829; after which his health Senator of the United States, which compelled him to relinquish his position he still occupies, serving as profession and settle upon a farm. a member of the Committees on He was a Presidential Elector in Post-offices and Post-roads, and on 1840; in 1841 was elected GoverIndian Affairs. nor of Alabama; in 1843 was reelected to the same position; in FITZGERALD, THOMAS H. 1852 he was appointed a Senator in He was a lawyer by profession; Congress, to succeed Honorable W. served in the war of 1812, under R. King, which appointment was General W. H. Harrison; and, in confirmed by the Legislature of his 1848 and 1849, was a Senator in State, and, at the conclusion of Congress, from Michigan, under the that term, he was elected, in 1855, appointment of the Governor. Died to the same position, for the term at Niles, Michigan, March 25, ending in 1861. He is a member 1855. of the Committees on Territories, on Military Affairs, and on PrintFITZGERALD, WILLIAM. ing. He was born in Tennessee, and FITZSIMMONS, THOMAS. was a Representative in Congress,, He was a Delegate to the Contifrom that State, from 1831 to 1833, from that State, from 1831 to 1833, nental Congress, from Pennsylvaand was a member of the Commitnia, from 1182 to 1783; a Repretee on Expenditures in the Trea- i sentative in Congress, from that State, from 1789 to 1795; and died in August, 1811, aged seventy FITZPATRICK, BENJAMIN. years. He was born in Green County, Georgia, June 30, 1802; having FLAGLER, THOMAS T. been left an orphan when quite He was born in New York, young, he emigrated with an elder served in the Assembly of that brother, in 1815, to the valley of State in 1842 and 1843, and was a the Alabama River, near Mont- Representative in Congress from gomery, where he has ever since re- 1853 to 1857. 182 BIOGRAP E I CAL S E T C E S. FLETCHER, ISAAC. a member of the Committees on He was formerly a member of Naval Affairs and Invalid Pensions. He has also been re-elected to the the Vermont LegTslatures, andas. member of Congress, from that Thirty-sixth Congress. State, from 1837 to 1841. He died at Lyndon, Vermont, October 19, n a 1844. He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from FLETCHER, RICHARD. that State, from 1847 to 1849. He was born in Massachusetts; FLOYD, CHARLES A. graduated at Dartmouth College in 1806; served in the Legislature of He was bort in New York, that State; was a Judge of the Su- served in the Assembly of that perior Court; and a Representa- State in 1836 and 1838, and was a tive in Congress, from Massachu- Representative in Congress, from 1841 to 1843. setts, from 1837 to 1839. FLETCHER, THOMAS. JOHN. IH3e was a ]Representative in Con- Born in Virginia, October 3, 1769. In consequence of the pecuniary gress, from Kentucky, from 1816 to In consequence of the pecuniary 1817. losses of his father, he learned the trade of a carpenter, and in 1791 FLORENCE, ELIAS. removed to Georgia, and acquired He was born in Virginia, and wealth from the manufacture of H-re was born in Virginia, and boats. He served in the State Lehaving taken up his residence in gislature, and was a Representative Ohio, was elected a Representative of Georgia, in Congress, from in Congress, from 1843 to 1845. 1827 to'1829. He was brigadierFLORENCE, THOMAS B. general of militia, and subsequently major-general and served during Born in Philadelphia, Pennsyl- major-gene, the war of 1812. He died in Camvania, January 26, 1812. He had a, J r, 12. H den County, Georgia, June 24, not the benefit of a college educa-1839 tion; for a time he devoted himself to the occupation of a hatter; he FLOYDJOHN. published and edited, for several He was a Representative in Conyears, a Democratic newspaper; gress, from Virginia, from 1817 to was, for nine years, Secretary of 1829, served many years in the Lethe Board of Comptrollers of Pub- gislature of that State, and was lic Schools in Pennsylvania; and Governor of Virginia from 1829 was elected to Congress in 1850, to 1834. He died at the Sweet where he has served continuously Springs, in that State, August 16, until the present time. He is now 1837. BIO GIRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 183 FLOYD, JOHN G. a lawyer by profession; a member of the IHouse of Representatives of He was a native of New York, Vermont, during the years 1833, served in the Assembly of that,, 1836, 1837,1838, and 1847; SpeakState, and was a Representative in 1836, 1838 and er of the House in 1837, 1838, and Congress, from the samle, from 1839er of the 1843 and from 1851 to 1853. 1847; member of the Convention to 1843, and from 1851 to 1853. for altering the State Constitution FLOYD, WILLIAM. in 1836; States Attorney for Rutland, from 1836 to 1842; a RepreHEe was a, Delegate to the Con- sentative in Congress, from 1843 to stitutional Congress, from 1q74 to 1847; and United States Senator, 1783, and signed the Declaration of from 1850 to the present time, and Independence; was a Representa- is a member of the Committees on tive in Congress, fromn New York, Foreign Relations and the Pacific from 1789 to 1791; a Presidential Railroad. Elector in 1800 and 1804; and, for three years, a member of the New FOOTE, CHARLES A. York State Senate; in 1801 he was IHe was born in New York, and a member of the State Constitu- was a Representative in Congress, tional Convention. He died Au- from that State, from 1823 to 1825. gust 4, 1821, aged eighty-seven years. FOOTE, HENRY S. He was born in Fauquier County, FOLEY, JAMES B. FOLEY, JAMES B. Virginia, in 1800, and was educaHe was born in Kentucky, and ted at Washington College, in that having taken up his residence in State; studied law, was admitted Indiana, was elected a Representa- to the bar, and settled in Alabama tive in Congress, from that State, in 1824; in 1826 he removed to in 1857, and is a member of the Mississippi, and there continued the Committees on Agriculture and Ex- practice of his profession; he was penditures in the Post-office De- elected Governor of Mississippi, and partment. after serving one term was elected, in 1847, a Senator in Congress, FOLGER, WALTER. where he remained until 1853, officiIHe was born at Nantucket, Mas- ating as Chairman of the Commitsachusetts; and was a Representa- tee on Foreign Relations. He subtive in Congress, from that State, sequently spent a few years in Califrom 1817 to 1821. fornia, and is now practicing his profession in Memphis, Tennessee. FOOT, SOLOMON. Born in Cornwall, Addison Coun- FOOTE, SAMUEL A. ty, Vermont, November 19, 1802; Born in Cheshire, Connecticut, graduated at Middlebury College; November 8, 1780; graduated at 184 BIoGRAP ICAL S ETCEIIS. Yale College in 1797, and com- pointed Commissioner to treat with menced the practice of law in his the Creek Indians. From 1823 to native town. He was chosen a 1826 he was a member of the State Representative in Congress, in 1819, Legislature. In 1834 he removed 1823, and 1833; was Speaker of to Lowndes County, Alabama, the Connecticut House of iRepre- where he died in October 1841. sentatives in 1825 and 1826; and Senator in Congress, from 1827 to FORNEY, PETER. 1833. In 1834 he was elected Born in Lincoln County, North Governor of the State. He died Carolina, April 1756. He was a September 16, 1846. He it was patriot and soldier of the Revoluwho offered, on the floor of Con- tion. He served as a member of gress, the famous resolutions, upon the State Legislature for several which was founded the great debate years, and was a Representative in between Hayne and Webster. Congress, from 1813 to 1815. He served as an elector during the PreFORD, JAMTES. sidential campaigns of Jefferson, He was a Representative in Con- Madison, Monroe, and Jackson. gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1829 Died February 1, 1834. to 1833. FORREST, THOMAS. FORD, WILLIAM D. IHe was born in Philadelphia, He was born in Providence, Pennsylvania, and was a RepresenRhode Island; served in the New tative in Congress, from that State, York Assembly in 1816 and 1817, from 1819 to 1821, and again from and was a Representative in Con- 1822 to 1823. gress, from that State, from 1819 to 1821. FORREST, URIAH. He was a general in the revoluFORNANCE, JOSEPH. tionary war; was wounded at the I-le was born in Pennsylvania, battle of Germantown; from the efand was a Representative in Con- fects of which he never recovered; gress, from that State, from 1839 was a Representative in Congress, to 1841. from Maryland, during the years 1793 and 1794; and died at his FORNEY, DANIEL M. seat near Georgetown, District of Born in Lincoln County, North Columbia, in 1805. Carolina, May 1784. During the late war with England he served as FORRESTER, J. B. a major in the State line, and was He was born in Tennessee, and a Representative in Congress, from was a Representative in Congress, 1815 to 1818, and in 1820 was ap- from that State, from 1833 to 1837, ]BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 185 and was a member of the Commit- FORWARD, WALTER. tee on Claims. He was born in Connecticut in 1786, where he received a liberal FORSYTH, JOHN. education. He removed to PittsHie was born in Fredericks- burg in, 1803, and studied law. In burg, Virginia, October 2, 1780; 1805 he became editor of the Degraduated at Princeton College in mocratic paper called the Tree of 1799; removed with his father to Liberty; from 1806 to 1822 he Charleston, South Carolina, and was engaged in the practice of law, afterwards to Augusta, Georgia. and, as a pleader, had few equals. He studied law, and firom 1802 to In 1822 he was elected to Congress 1808 distinguished himself at the as a Representative, where he conGeorgia bar; and in 1808 was At- tinned till March, 1825. In 1837 torney-General of the State; he he bore a prominent part in the was a Representative in Congress, Pennsylvania Convention to reform from Georgia, from 1813 to 1818, the State Constitution. In March, and from 1823 to 1827; a Senator 1841, President Harrison named in Congress, during the years 1818 hiul First Comptroller of the Treaand 1819, and from 1829 to 1835; sury, which post he held until he Governor of Georgia in 1827, 1828, was appointed by President Tyler and 1829; Minister to Spain from Secretary of the Treasury. On 1819 to 1822; and was Secretary retiring from Mr. Tyler's cabinet, of State under President Jackson; he resumed and continued his pracin which position he was continued tice at the bar, until appointed by by President Van Buren, until the President Taylor Charge d'Affaires end of his administration. His to Denmark, where he spent several superior abilities were universally years, resigning his situation to reacknowledged, and the dignity and turn home in order to accept the elegance of his manners added much office of President Judge of the to his popularity. He died in Wash- District Court of Alleghany County, ington City, of bilious fever, Octo- to which he had been called by ber 21, 1841. popular election. While in court, FORT, TOMLINSON. employed in' his judicial duties, he was suddenly taken ill, and died gHe was a Representative in Con- oin forty-eight hours, at Pittsburg, gress, from2 Georgia, from 1827 to Pennsylvania, November 24, 1852. 1829. FOSDICK, NICOLL. FORWARD, CJHAUNCEY. He was a native of New York, He was a native of Pennsylva- served in the Assembly of that State, nia, and a Representative in Con- in 1818 and 1819, and was a;Regress, from that State, from 1825 presentative in Congress, from 1825 to 1831. to 1827. 186 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHIIES. FOSTER, ABIEL. FOSTER, EPHRAIMNI H. Born in Andover, Massachusetts, He entered public life when quite August 8, 1735; graduated at Har- young, and in 1829 was Speaker of vard University in 1756, studied the House of Representatives of theology and was a pastor for eigh- Tennessee. In 1837 he was elected teen years over the Congregational to the United States Senate, but in Church in Canterbury, New Hamp- 1839 resigned his seat because he shire, and in 1780 was a Represen- could not obey the instructions of tative to the General Court; was the State Legislature; and in 1843 a Delegate from New Hampshire he was re-elected for two years. to the Continental Congress, from On his return from Washington he 1783 to 1785; and was present at was a candidate for Governor, but the surrender of Washington to failed of an election. He died at Congress at Annapolis; he was a Nashville, September 4, 1854. Representative in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1789 to FOSTER, HENRY A. 1791, and was again a Representa- le was born in NewYork; served tive in the Legislature, and a dele- in the Senate of that State from gate to revise the State Constitu- 1831 to 1834, and from 1841 to tion; was a member of the State 1844; was a Representative in Senate, from 1793 to 1794, and in Congress, from New York, from both years was president of that 1837 to 1839; and was a Senator body; and was re-elected to Con- in Congress during the years 1844 gress, from 1795 to 1803. He died and 1845. at Canterbury, February 6, 1806. FOSTER, H:ENRY D. FOSTER, A. LAWRENCE. He was born in Pennsylvania, He was born in New York, and and was a Representative in Conwas a Representative in Congress, gress, from that State, from 1843 from that State, from 1841 to 1843. to 1847. FOSTER, DWIGHT. FOSTER, LA FAYETTE S. He was born in Massachusetts Born in Franklin, New London in 1757, and died at Brookfield, in County, Connecticut, November 22, that State, in April, 1823. He 1806, and is a direct descendant of graduated at Brown University in Miles Standish. He graduated at 1774; studied and practiced law; Brown University; is a lawyer by was County Sheriff, and Judge of profession; was a member of the the Common Pleas; and was a General Assembly of Connecticut Representative in Congress, from in 1839, 1840, 1846, 1847, 1848, Massachusetts, from 1793 to 1799; 1854; Speaker of the House in and a Senator in Congress, from 1847, 1848, 1854; Mayor of the 1800 to 1803. City of Norwich, Connecticut, for BIOGRAPIIICAL SKETCHJES. 187 two years, and chosen a Senator in FOSTER, THOMAS F. Congress, from March 4, 1855, for Born in Greensborough, Georgia, six years, and is a member of the November 23, 1790. He graduated Committees on Public Land and Cnommittees on Public Land and at Franklin College in 1812; read Pensions. law at home, and at Litchfield, ConFOSTER, NATHANIEL G. necticut, and was admitted to the bar in 1816. lie was for many rn at The ork," in Green years a member of the Georgia LeCounty, Georgia, August 25, 1809; gislature; and a Representative in graduated at Franklin College in Congress, fom 1829 to 1835, and 1830; read law, and was admitted again from 184 1 to 1843. He died to the bar in 1831, and settled in in 1847. Madison, Georgia, where he obtained a high reputation as an ad- FOWLER, JOHN. vocate and jury lawyer. I-Ie served He was a soldier in the war of three years as Solicitor-General of the Revolution; attained the rank Ocmulgee Circuit, five years in the e t, e year in the of captain; and was a, member of State Senate, and one year in the Congress, from:Kentucky, from House, and was a Representative in 797 to 1807. e died at Lexing1797 to 1807. HIe died at Lexingthe Thirty-fourth Congress. ton, Kentucky, August 22, 1840, FOSTER, STEPHEN C. I aged eighty-five years. Born in Machias, Maine, December 24, 1799; commenced life as a FOWLER, ORIN. blacksmith, but for the last twenty- He was born in 1795; graduated five years has been a lumber mer- at Yale College in 1815; studied chant and ship-builder; was in the divinity, but turned his attention to Maine Legislature from 1834 to politics; was elected to the Senate 1837, again in 1840, when he was of Massachusetts in 1848; and was President of the Senate, and again a Representative in Congress from in 1847; was elected to Congress, 1849 to the time of his death, which from Maine, in 1856, where he still occurred in Washington City, Sepcontinues; and he is now President tember 3, 1852. of the Washington Agricultural Society of his native State. He is a member of the Committee on IManufactures. Born in New Jersey in 177 9; was a distinguished member of the mnediFOSTER, THEODORE. cal profession; and a RepresentaHIe was born in Massachusetts, tive in Congress, from New Jersey, and was a Senator in Congress, from 1833 to 1837. Died in Susfrom Rhode Island, from 1790 to sex County, New Jersey, February 1803, and died in 1828. 21, 1844. 188 BIO GRAPIEICAL SKETCHES. FRANCIS, JOHN B. and in the State Senate in 1828 and 1829. He died December, He was born in Rhode Island, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1844 to FREEDLEY, JOHN. 1845. H4le was born (according to an inFRANKLIN, JESSE. teresting work published by E. T. He was born in Surry County, Freedley, Esq.,) in Norristown, He was born in Surry County, North Carolina; was a member of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, North Carolina; was a member of the I-louse of Delegates of that State May 22, 1793. He commenced life as a brickmaker; studied law, and in 11794; he represented that State was admitted to the bar in 1820; in Congress, from 1795 to 1797, inCogs, f9, he entered extensively into various and then returned to the Legislakinds of business, especially that of ture. From 1799 to 1805, and ture. From 199 to 1805, and quarrying marble, and was successfrom 1807 to 1813 he was UJnited from807t181, hewaful; and was a Representative in States Senator. In 1816 he was Congress, from 1847 to 1851. He appointed, by President Madison, 1. l 7 v 2 died December 8, 1851. a Commissioner to treat with the Chickasaws, and was elected GoFRIELINGHUYSEN, FREDERPICIK. vernor of North Carolina in 1820. He died in 1823. Born in New Jersey, April 13, 1753; graduated at Princeton ColFRANKLIN, JOHN A. lege in 1770. When twenty-two years of age he was sent to the ty, Maryland, May 6, 1820; gradu- Continental Congress; and as capated at Jefferson College, Pensyl-tain of a volunteer corps of artilated at Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, in 1836; studied law, and lery, he was at the battles of Trenwas aditted to the bar in 1841 ton and Monmouth, and it is said was admitted to the bar in 1841; I that it was he who killed Rhalle, served in the State Legislature of the Hessian commander at Trenton. Maryland in 1843, and also in 1849, when he was elected Speaker; in e was a Senator in Congress, from 1851 he was chosen President of the 1793 to 1796, when he resigned on Board of Public Works of the State, account of domestic bereavements andl was a Representative in Con- lHe stood among the first at the bar gress, from Maryland, from 1853 of New Jersey, and held various to 1855. State and County offices. He died April 13, 1804. FRANKLIN, MESHACK. A Representative in Congress, FRELINGHUYSEN, THIODORE. from North Carolina, from 1807 to He was born in Millstown, So1815. He served in the House of merset County, New Jersey, March Commons of that State in 1800, 28, 1787; graduated at Princeton BIOG RAPHICAL SKETC I E S. 189 College, Nassau Hall, in 1804; the Common Pleas for thiry years; studied law, and was admitted to the he was twice married, and had bar in 1808; was Attorney-General twenty children; and was a memof New Jersey, from 1818 to 1829; ber of Congress, from Massachuand a Senator in Congress, fiom setts, from 1795 to 1799. New Jersey, from 1829 to 1835. Mr. Frelinghuysen was Chancellor FREMONT, JOHN CHARLES. of the University of New York, from 1839 to 1850 and while in that Born in South Carolina, January, 1839 to 1850, and while in that 1813. His father was an emigrant position was the candidate of the firom France. He received a good Whig party for Vice-President upon education, though left an orphan at the ticket with Henry Clay. In 1850, four years of agee and at the age of he was elected President of Rutgers'sd at College, where he still officiates, de- seventeen he graduated at Charlesmuch of his time and means ton College. From teaching mathevoting nmnI of his thne and mieans 1matics he turned his attention to to the benevolent and educational civil egieerig, ad was reco civil enlgineering, and was recominterests of his native State and of mended to the government for emm ended to the government for emthe Union. ployment in the Mississippi survey. FREEMAN, JOHN D. He was afterwards employed at W7ashintton in constructing maps He was born in New Jersey, and of that region. Having received having removed to Mississippi, was the commission of a lieutenant of elected a Representative in Con- engineers, he proposed to the Secregress, from that State, from 1851 tary of War, to penetrate the Rocky to 1853. Mountains. His plan was approved, and in 1842, with a few men, he exFR\EEMAN, JONATHAN. plored the South Pass. Impatient I-Ie was a Representative in Con- of quiet, he planned a new expedigress, from New Hampshire, from tion to the Territory of Oregon. He 1 i97 to 1801. approached the Rocky Mountains by a new line, scaled the summits FREEIMAN, NATHANIEL. south of the South Pass, deflected He was born at Dennis, Massa- to the Great Salt Lake, and conchusetts, in April, 1741, and died nected his survey with that of September 27, 1820. He graduated Wilkes's exploring expedition. He at Harvard University; studied me- also performed another expedition, decine; and was a patriot in the in which he revealed the grand revolutionary war; performed vari- features of Alta California, its great ous services in the Legislature and basin, the Sierra Nevada, the valas a brigadier-general of militia; leys of the San Joaquin and Sahe was also a Judge of Probate for cramento, and established the geoforty-seven years, and a Judge of graphy of the western portion of 190 BIO G RAP H ICAL SKETCHES. the continent. In August, 1844, from that State, from 1835 to 1837, he was planning a third expedition, from 1843 to 1845, and again from while writing the history of the 1847 to 1849. second, and before its publication, in 1845, was again on his way to FREY, JOSEPH. the Pacific, collecting his mountain He was born in Pennsylvania, comrades, to examine in detail the and was a Representative in ConAsiatic slope of the continent, which gress, from that State, from 1827 resulted in giving a new volume of to 1831. science to the world, and California FRICK, HENRY. to the United States. After the conquest of California, in which he Born in Northumberland County, bore a part, he was the victim of a Pennsylvania, in 1796; was eduquarrel between two American com- cated as a printer; became an edimanders, and stripped of his coin- tor of a newspaper; served for mission by court-martial. The Pre- three sessions in the State Legislasident reinstated him, but he declined ture, and was a Representative in returning. He determined to retrieve Congress at the time of his death, his honor. One line more would com- which occurred at Washington City, plete his survey, the route for a great March 1, 1844. road from the Mississippi to San Francisco. Again he appeared in the far West. He refitted his ex- He was born in Pennsylvania, and pedition, and started again; pierced having removed to Ohio, was elected the country of the Apaches; met, a Representative in Congress from awed, or defeated savage tribes; that State, from 1845 to 1847, and and in a hundred days from Santa for a second term ending in 1849. F6, stood on the banks of the Sa- FROMENTIN, ELIGIUS. cramento The people of California A Senator of the United States reversed the judgment of the courtfrom Louisiana from 1813 to 1819. martial, and he was made the first Senator of the Golden State, in 1850 In 1821 he was Judge of the Crimand 1851. inal Court of New Orleans, and and 1-851. He was subsequently a was appointed Judge of theWestern candidate for President in opposi- was appointed Judge of the Western candidate for President in opposiDistrict of Florida. He shortly tion to Mr. Buchanan, and though he received a large vote, was de- resigned his office and returned to feated, and has since then lived in the practice of law, at New Orleans, retirement. where he died, of the yellow fever, October 6, 1822. FRENCH, RICHARD. FROST, JOEL. He was a native of Kentucky, and He was born in New York; served was a Representative in Congress, in the State Assembly, in 1806 and BIOGRAPHICAL SKETC HES. 191 1808, and was a Representative in Thirty-second, Thirty-third, and Congress, from that State, from Thirty-fourth Congresses, serving as 1823 to 1825. an active member of the Committee on Commerce. In 1857 he was FRY, JACOB, JR. appointed, by President Buchanan, He was a native of Pennsylvania, Second Auditor of the Treasury, and was elected a Representative which office he still occupies. in Congress, from that State, from FULLER, TIMOTHY. 1835 to 1839. He was born at Martha's VineFULLER, GEORGE. yard, Massachusetts, and graduated IH3e was born in Pennsylvania, at Harvard University in 1801 and was a Representative in Con- he was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to gress, from that State, from 1817 to 1845. 1825; and died at Groton, Massachusetts, October 1, 1835, aged FULLER, HENRY M. fifty-seven years. I-Ie was born in Connecticut, and FULLER, WILLIAM K. removing to Pennsylvania, became He was a meember of the Assema Representative in Congress, from bly of New York in 1829 and 1830; that State, serving from 1851 to at one time Adjutant-General of 1853, ancd from 1855 to 1857. the State Militia; and from 1833 to 1837 a Representative in ConFULLER, PHILO C. gress. He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1833 FULLERTON, DAVID. to 1837 and died at Geneva, August Born in 1771; was for several 16, 1855. years a member of the State Legislature of Pennsylvania; and repreFULLER, THOMAS J. D. FULLER, THOMAS J. D. sented that State in Congress, from He was born in Hardwick, Cale- 1819 to 1820. He died at Greendonia County, Vermont, March castle, Pennsylvania, February 1, 17, 1808; was left an orphan when 1843. seven years of age; spent his boyhood and youth upon a farm; on FULLTON, ANDREW S. attaining manhood studied and He was born in Virginia, and adopted the profession of law, was a Representative in Congress, having been admitted to the bar in from that State, from 1847 to 1849. 1833; and, removing to Maine, was elected Attorney for the county FULTON, JOHN H. of Maine for three years; was elected He was a Representative in Cona Representative, from Maine, to the gress, from Virginia, from 1833 to 192 ]IO GRAPHICAL S K E T CHES. 1835, and died at Abingdon, Jan- GAINES, JOHN P. uary 28, 1836. He was born in Kentucky; was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849; and He was born in Cecil County, was subsequently appointed GoMaryland, June 2, 1795; before vernor of Oregon Territory. coming of age he served with great credit as a volunteer aid in the bom- GAITHER, NATHAN. bardment of Fort McHenry; dur- He was born in Kentucky, and ing the late war with England, he was a Representative in Congress, removed to Tennessee and was pri- from that State, from 1829 to 1833. vate secretary to General Jackson in the Florida campaign. He stu- GALBRAITH, JOHN. died law and settled in Alabama for He was born in Pennsylvania, the practice of his profession. He and was a Representative in Conwas subsequently appointed, in 1829, gress, from that State, from 1833 to by President Jackson, Secretary of 1837, and again from 1839 to 1841. the Territory of Arkansas, and, in 1835, Governor of the same, which GALE, GEORGE. office he held until the Territory IHe was a Representative in Conwas admitted into the Union as a gress, from Maryland, from 1789 to State, when he was elected a Sena- 1791. tor in Congress, from the new State, from 1836 to 1844,-having died at GALE, LEVIN. Rosewood, near Black Rock, Ar- He was born in Maryland, and kansas, August 14, of the latter was a Representative in Congress, year. from that State, from 1827 to 1829. GAGE, JOSIAH. He was a Representative in Con- GALLATIN, ALBERT. gress, from Massachusetts, from Born at Geneva, Janualy 29, 181'7 to 1819. 1761; graduated at the University of his native city, in 1779, and durGAILLAIRD, JOIH-N. ing the next year emigrated to A Senator of the United States, America. He commenced his cafrom South Carolina, from 1804 to reer in Maine, then a part of Mas1826. He voted for the war of sachusetts, having been placed in 1812, and was repeatedly called to command of a small fort at Mapreside over the Senate, in the ab- chias. IHe was appointed a tutor sence of the Vice-President. He at Harvard University in 1782, and died at Washington, February 26, removed to Pennsylvania in 1786, 1826. where he acted a prominent part in BIOG RAPHICAL SKETCHES. 193 the State Convention of 1789, and and took an active part in promotserved in the lower branch of the ing the literary or commercial inLegislature in 1790 and 1791. In terests of the Empire City, and of 1793 he was elected a Senator in the Union at large. In 1831 he Congress, from Pennsylvania, but was a member of the Free Trade his seat was vacated, in 1794, by a Convention, and drew up the meresolution of the Senate, on the morial to Congress, which emboground of want of citizenship for a dies the views of the Democratic sufficient length of time, and soon party; he was President of the after, without his knowledge, he National Bank of New York, and was elected a Representative in also of the New York HistoriCongress, from Pennsylvania, serv- cal Society, and the Ethnological ing from 1795 to 1801. He was, in Society, and advocated the estabthe latter year, appointed Secretary lishment of the New York Univerof the Treasury, under President sity; and, just before his death, beJefferson, and, as an executive came identified with the Smithsocouncillor, and subsequently diplo- nian Institution. He was a fine matist and statesman, he obtained a scholar, and published many papers very high reputation. In 1813 he on the currency and finance, on Inwent to St. Petersburg as one of dian languages, and other importthe Envoys Extraordinary, to ne- ant subjects. He died at Astoria, gotiate with Great Britain, under Long Island, August 12, 1849. the mediation of Russia, and, during the following year, with Adams, GALLEGOS, JOSE MANUEL. Bayard, Clay, and Russell, signed He was born in New 3Mexico, the Treaty of Ghent. He assisted and was a Delegate from that Teralso in concluding the Commercial ritory, to the Thirty-third and Convention with England, at Lon- Thirty-fourth Congresses. don, in 1815, and resided at Paris, as Minister of the United States, GALLOWAY, SAMUEL. from 1816 to 1823. In 1827 he He was born in Pennsylvania, obtained full indemnification from and, having removed to Ohio, was England, for injuries sustained by elected a Representative, from that our citizens for violating the Treaty State, to the Thirty-fourth Conof Ghent. President Madison of- gress. fered him a seat in his cabinet, as GALLUP, ALBIER T. Secretary of State; President Monroe offered him the post of Secre- H-e was at one time Sheriff of Altary of the Navy, and he was also bany County, New York, a Reprenominated for _VTice-President, all sentative in Congress, from New which honors he declined. In 1828 York, from 1837 to 1839, and was he became a citizeni of New York, appointed, by President Polk, Col13 194 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. lector of Providence, IRhode Island. GARLAND, DAVID S. He died at Providence, in Novem- -He was a Representative in Conber 1551. gress, from Virginia, from 1809 to GAMBLE, JAMES.1811. He was born in Pennsylvania, GARLAND, JAMES. and was a Representative in Con- He was a native of Virginia, and gress, from that State, from 1851 a epresentative in Congress, from to 1855. that State, from 1845 to 1847. GAMBLE, ROGER L. GARLAND, RICE. Was a member of the House of Representatives in Congress, from He was born in Virginia, and, Georg~ia, from 1833 to 1835, ancd having taken up his residence in from 1841 to 1843; and afterwards Louisiana, was a Representative in Judge of the Superior Court of Congress, from that State, from that State. He died December 20, 1834 to 1840. 1847. GARNETT, JAMES M. GANNETT, BARZILLAT. GANNETT, BARZLLA. Born at Elmwood, in Essex He graduated at Harvard Uni- County, Virginia, June 8, 1770. versity in 1785, and was a Repre- He served for several years as a sentative in Congress, from Massa- member of the Legislature of his chusetts, from 1809 to 1811. native State, and was a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1805 to 1809. He was a He was a Representative in Con- member of the Convention assemgress, from New York, from 1807 bled at Richmond, in 1829, to reto 1811. vise the Constitution of Virginia. He was interested in the cause of GARDNER, FRANCIS. education, and devoted to the purHe was born in Stow, New suits of agriculture, having presided Hampshire, in 1738; graduated at over the Agricultural Society of Harvard College; was a preacher Fredericksburg for more than twenof the gospel, in New Hampshire, ty years, and toiled laboriously for for half a century; a Representative the formation of a National Agriin Congress, from 1807 to 1809; cultural Society. He died at Elmand died in 1814. wood, May 1843, aged sixty-two years. GARDNER, GIDEON. He was a Representative in Con- GARNETT, M. R. H. gress, from Massachusetts, from He was born in Essex County, 1809 to 1811.. Virginia; was educated at the Uni BIO GRAPHICAL SlKETCHES. 195 versity of Virginia, and studied law is a lawyer. by profession; and in as a profession; he was a member 1843 was elected, by the General of the Constitutional Convention of Assembly of Georgia, Solicitor Gethe State in 1850; a member of neral of the Northern Judicial Cirthe House of Delegates in 1853 cuit. Heresignedin 1847, onbeing and 1854, 1855 and 1856, and du- elected a Representative to the Lering the latter session was Chair- gislature, and was re-elected in man of the Committee on Finance. 1849; was a Presidential Elector for He was elected to the Thirty-fifth the State.of Georgiain 1856; and in Congress, as a Representative from 1857 was elected a Representative in Virginia, serving as a member of the Thirty-fifth Congress. He is one the Committee on Claims. He was of the Regents of the Smithsonian a delegate to the Democratic Con- Institution, and a member of the ventions, at Baltimore and Cincin- Committee on Expenditures in the nati, in 1852 and 1856. Treasury Department. GARN1ETT, ROBERT S. GARVEN, WILLIAM S. 1-I- was a native of Essex Coun- Hlie was a Representative in Conty, Virginia, and a Representative gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1845 in Congress, from that State, from to 1847. 1817 to 1827. GASTON, WILLIAM. GARNEY, DANIEL G. Born in Newbern, North Carolina, September 19, 1778. His early He was a Representative in Con- education was conducted by his moeducation was conducted by his mogress, from Jews York, from 1825 tther; advanced at the Catholic Colto 1830. lege of Georgetown, District of Columbia; and he graduated at PrinceGARRISON, DANIEL. ton College. He studied law, and He was a Representative in Con- was admitted to practice in 1798. gress, from New Jersey, from 1823 He served a number of years in the to 1827. State Legislature, and was a Representative in Congress from 1813 GARROW, NATHANIEL. GARROW, NATHANIEL. to 1817. In 1834 he was appointIHe was a Representative in Con- ed Judge of the Supreme Court, gress, from New York, from 1827 and in 1835 was a member of the to 1829. State Convention to amend the Constitution. He continued on the GARTRELL, LUCIUS J. Bench until the time of his death, Born in Wilkes County, Georgia, which occurred January 23, 1844. January 7, 1821; educated at Ran- He was an able and successful lawdolph Macon College, Virginia, and yer, and an upright judge, had a Franklin College, Athens, Georgia; taste for polite literature, and is re 196 B I O G RAP H I CAL SKETCHES. membered in North Carolina as Domination in Louisiana," a draone of its most distinguished citi- matic novel called "The School of zens. Politics," and a work on "The InGATES, SETH M. fluence of the Mechanic Arts." He was born in New York; served in the Assembly of that GAYLE, JOHN. State in 1832; and was a Repre- Born in Sumpter District, South sentative in Congress, from 1839 to Carolina, September 11, 1792; edu1843. cated at South Carolina College; and emigrated to Alabama in 1813. GARTLIN, ALFRED. In 1817 he was appointed a memIHe was born in North Carolina; ber of the Territorial Legislature; graduated at the university of that was Solicitor of the First Judicial State; and was a Representative in District on organization of the Congress, from North Carolina, State Government; and in 1823 from 1823 to 1825. was elected Judge of the Supreme Court of the State. In 1829 was GAYARRE, CHARLES E. A. elected to the State Legislature, and was Speaker of the House. In Born in Louisiana, January 1831 was elected Governor and re1805; educated at the College of833. H as residenNew Orleans; in 1826 he went to timl Elector in 1836 and in 1840, Philadelphia and studied law; was and in 1847 was elected, from Moadmitted to the bar in 1829, and bile County, a Representative in bile County, a Representative in returned home; in 1830 he was returned home; in 1830 he was Congress. In 1849 he was appointelected to the Legislature; in 1831 Znb, ~ed Judge of the United States Diswas appointed Deputy Attorneytriet Court of Alabama, whiclhl office General; in 1833 Presiding Judge he now holds. of the City Court of New Orleans; and in 1835 he was elected a Senator GAYLORD, JAMES M. in Congress, but ill health prevented him from taking his seat. Ie I-Ie was born in Ohio, and was a went to Europe, where he spent a Representative in Congress, from that State, frol 1851 to 1853. number of years, and on his return, in 1843, was again returned to the GAZLEY, JAMES W. State Legislature; and in 1846 he was appointed Secretary of State, He was a epresentative in Conin which capacity he served seven gress, from Ohio, from 1823 to years. As an author, he has acquired a high position, his leading GEBItARD, JOHN. works being as follows: "History He was a Representative in Con-. of "Louisiana," "Romance of the gress, from New York, from 1821 History of Louisiana," "Spanish to 1823. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.' 197 GEDDES, JAMES. appointed on the Committee of Correspondence. From 1776 to Born near Carlisle, Pennsylvania, July 22, 7l'i63; obtained a lirmited 1785 he was a Delegate to the ProJuly. 22' 13. vincial Congress and signed the education while working upon aCongress, and signed the farmt removing to New York, he Declaration of Independence; while organized, in 179, a company fo in that body he was a member of organid, in 1794, a pan forthe Committee of Public Safety and the manufacture of salt at Onon- te Committee of Public Safety and daga; in 1800 was elected a magis- Supplies, and when the Committee trate; in 1804 and in 1821 he was were in session at lenotomy, he, in the State Legislature; in 1809 with Colonel O, the British troops at night by fleeing an associate county justice; in 1812 Judge of the Common Pleas; to a cornfield, while the house was and he was a Representative in eache for the. He was a meaCongress frem 1813 to 1815. In ber of the Convention which framed Congress from 1813 to 1815. the Constitution of the to 1815. nited 1822 he was appointed Chief Engineer of the Ohio Canal; and in 1827 States, but declined subscribing to assisted in locating the Chesapeake it. He was a Representative in the and Ohio Canal, as well as the Federal Congress from 1789 to Pennsylvania Canal, He died Au- 1793; and in 1797 he was appointed Minister to France. In 1804 he gust 19, 1838. was one of the Presidential ElecGENTRY, MEREDITH P. tors, and was Governor of Massachusetts in 1810 and 1811. In was born North Carolina 1813 he was inaugurated Vice-Prestudied law, and settled in the practice of his profession in Tennessee; sident of the United States, and and was a Representative in Conand was a R~epresentative in Con- -filled the office until his death, which gress, from that State, from 1839 to took place at Washington, Novem1843, from 1845 to 1847, and from ber 23, 1814. 1847 to 1853. GERRY, ELBRIDGE. GERMAN, OBADIAH. Born in Waterford, Oxford CounHe was a Senator in Congress, ty, Maine, December 6, 1815; refrom New York, from 1809 to 1815, ceived agood academical education; and died September 24, 1842. studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1839; in 1840 was Clerk GERRY, ELBRIDGE. of the House of Representatives of Born at Marblehead, Massachu- Maine; in 1842 was appointed setts, July, 17 44, and graduated at State Attorney for Oxford County, Harvard College in 1762. He de- and re-elected by the people during voted himself for several years to the following year; in 1846 he was commercial pursuits; was a member elected to the State Legislature; of the Legislature in 1773, and was and he was a Representative in 198 B oGRAPH ICAL SKETCHES. Congress, from Maine, from 1849 is a lawyer by profession; practiced to 1851. Of late years he has re- in Ohio; was elected to the Ohio sided in Portland, engaged in the Legislature in 1826; and a Reprepractice of his profession. sentative in Congress, in 1838, which position he has ever since held. He GERRY, JAMIES. has for many years been recognized He was born in Maryland, and as one of the leaders of the Antiwas a Representative in Congress, slavery party. from Pennsylvania, from 1839 to 1843. GILBERT, EDWARD. GIST, JOSEPH. He was a Representative in ConHe was a Representative in Con- gress, from California, from 1850 gress, from South Carolina, from to 1851. 1821 to 1827. GILBERT, EZEKIEL. GEYER, H. S., e was born in 1755, in MiddleHe was born in Frederick Countown, Connecticut; graduated at ty, Maryland; adopted the profes- Yale College in 1778; and was a sion of law; and was a Senator in member of Congress, from New Congress, from Missouri, from 1851 York, from 1793 to 179Y. I-le sufto 1857. fered for thirty years from a stroke GHOLSON, JAMES H. of paralysis, and died at Hudson, He was born in Virginia; gradu-ly, 1841. ated at Princeton College in 1820; GILBERT, SYLVESTER. and was a Representative in Con-, gress, from Virginia, from 1833 to Born in 1756, at Hebron, Con1835; and died at Brunswick, Vir- necticut; graduated at Dartmouth ginia, July 2, 1848, aged fifty years. College in 1715; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1777, GHOLSON, S. H. at Hebron. In 1780 he was a mermHe was a Representative in Con- ber of the General Assembly, being gress, from Mississippi, from 1831 the youngest member in the House. to 1838. In 1788 he was appointed States Attorney for Toiand County, and filled GHOLSON, THOMAS. that office twenty-one years. In He was a Representative in Con- 1807 he was appointed Chief Judge gress, from Virginia, from 1808 to of the County Court, and Judge of 1816. Probate, which offices he held until 1825, with the exception of his term GIDDINOS, JOSHUA R. as Representative in Congress, in Born at Athens, Bradford Coun- 1818 and 1819; and in 1810 he was ty, Pennsylvania, October 6, 1795; a teacher of a law school, which he BIoG RAPHICAL SKETCHES. 199 continued about seven years, during tive State; was a Representative in which time -fifty-six students were Congress, fron 1790 to 1798, and prepared for the bar under his tui- again from 1801 to 1802; and Unition. In 1826 he was again elected ted States Senator, from 1804 to to the Legislature, and was then 1815; and was subsequently a memthe oldest member in the House; ber of the Legislature. He pubto which body he had, from the year lished a Speech on the Embargo 1780, been re-elected thirty times. Laws in 1808, and, in 1813, PolitiHe died in January, 1846. cal Letters to the People of Virginia, and subsequently an invective GILBERT, WILLIAM A. letter against President Monroe, He was born in Connecticut, and and others, of a political character, removing to New York, was elected to John Marshall and J. Q. Adams. a Representative, from that State, He died in Albemarle County, Virto the Thirty-fourth Congress. ginia, December 4, 1830. GILES, WILLIAM F. GILES, JOHN. He was born in Maryland, and Born in Bowan County, Ngorth was a Representative in Congress, Carolina, about the year 1788; gra- om that State, from 1845 to 184. duated at Chapel Hill University in 1808; was a lawyer by profession, and engaged in the practice for GILLASPIE, JAMES. more than thirty years. In 1829 He was a member of the Provinhe was elected a member of the cial Congress of North Carolina, House of Representatives in Con- and a Representative in the United gress, but resigned before taking States Congress, from 1793 to 1799, his seat, on account of ill health. and from 1803 to 1805. In 1835 he was a member of the Convention which met to revise the GILLET, RANSOM H. State Constitution. He died March Was born in New Lebanon, Co2, 1846, in Stanly County, North lumbia County, New York, JanCarolina, where his professional du- uary 27, 1800. His early employties required his attendance before ment was farming on his father's the Circuit Court. farm, in Saratoga County, in the summer, and lumbering in the GILES, WILLIAM BRANCH. pine forest during the winter. In Born in Amelia County, Virgi- 1819 he removed to St. Lawrence nia, August 12, 1762; graduated at County, where he was employed to Princeton in 1781; studied law, but teach school, during the winters, abandoned the profession after prai- while he attended the St. Lawrence ticing about six years. From 1826 Academy during the summer. In to 1829 he was Governor of his na- 1821 he' engaged in the study of 200 B I O GRAPHICAL SKETCHES. the law, with the late Silas Wright, tice of law in New York; February at Canton, still continuing to teach 1, 1855, he became Assistant to for his support. HIe was soon ad- the Attorney-General of the United mitted to the bar, practicing in the States, and continued in that office local courts, and finally settled in until he resigned, in May, 1858; Ogdensburg, where he continued, President Buchanan tendered him mainly devoted to the profession, the place of Solicitor of the Court of for about twenty'years. In 1827 Claims, which he accepted, and is he was appointed Brigade-Major still performing the duties of that and Inspector of the 49th Brigade office. of Militia, and for ten years drilled and inspected six large regiments GILLIS, JAMES L. in St. Lawrence and Jefferson Born at Hebron, Washington Counties; February 27, 1830, he County, New York, October 2, was appointed Postmaster of Og- 1792. He received a common densburg, which office he filled school education; served an apabout three years; in 1832 he was prenticeship to the currying and a member of the first Baltimore tanner's trade; during the camConvention, which nominated Gen- paigns of 1812 and 1813, served eral Jackson for President; he was as a volunteer from New York; in elected, in November of that year, 1814 he was commissioned a lieuteto Congress, to represent St. Law- nant, by the Governor of New York, rence and Franklin Counties, and and having been taken prisoner by re-elected in 1834, and served, the British, was transported to while in Congress, as a member of Halifax, where he remained until the Committee on Commerce; in the close of the war; he subse1837 he was appointed, by Presi- quently returned to Ontario County, dent Van Buren, a Commissioner and established himself as afarmer; to treat with the Indian tribes in in 1823 he removed to PennsylvaNew York, and continued in that nia; in 1840 was elected to the Leservice until March, 1839; in 1840 gislature of that State; in 1842 was ap red of the Judges he was a member of the Baltimore ppointed ne of the Judges Convention which re-nominated Mr. of Jefferson County; elected to the Van Buren; he then engaged in State Senate in 1845; re-elected to practicing law, and continued to do the Lower House in 1851; and so until 1845, when President Polk elected a Representative in the appointed him Register of the Thirty-fifth Congress; serving on Treasury, in which office he served the Committee on Agriculture. until May, 1847, when he was promoted to the office of Solicitor of GILLON, ALEXANDER. the Treasury, in which place he He was a Representative in Concontinued to serve until the, autumn gress, from South Carolina, from of 1849; he then resumed the prac- 1793 to 1794. BIOGRAPHIICAL SKETCHES. 201 GILMAN, CHARLES J. 1823, from 1827 to 1829, and from IHe was born in New Halmpshire, 1833 to 1835. He was also a Preand having removed to Maine, was sidential Elector in 1836 and 1840, electe a epresenttive to te and for thirty years performed the elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, from that duties of trustee of the Georgia State, and is a member of the Corn- Cllege He is the author of a mittee on Private~ fiand Claims. Ibook, published in 1855, entitled Geo7rgians, which contains much GILMAN, NICHOLAS. useful and interesting information touching the early settlement of his He was a Delegate, from New native State. Hampshire, to the Continental Congress, firom 1786 to 1788; after the GILMER, JOHN A. adoption of the Constitution, was Born in Guilford County, North elected a Representative in ConCarolina, [November 4, 1805; acgress, from 1789 to 1797; and was quired a good English education at a Senator in Congress, from New s winter schools, working on a farm Rampshire, from 1805 to 1814. Hampsired frm 1 1814.d and in the shop during the sumHe diedl May 2, 1814, aged fityHeo diedaMay,, agmers; then taught a school, and thus obtained the means to enter GIL~M~ER, GEORGE R. the academy at Greensborough for three years, and became a good IHe was born in Wilkes County, linguist and mathematician, and (now Oglethorpe,) Georgia, April taught for three years in a gram 11, 1790. He received an academi- mar school; afterwards studied law, cal education, but did not enter col- and was admitted to the bar in 1832. lege, on account of ill health. 1-Ie WTas a member of the State Senate, studied law, and settled in Lexing- from 1846 to 1856, and in 1857 was ton, Oglethorpe County, Georgia. elected a Representative in the In 1813, as first lieutenant of Thirty-fifth Congress; serving as a thle 43d Regiment, United States member of the Committee on Elecarmy, he participated in the Creek tions. war, and in 1818 entered upon the practice of his p{'ofession. GILMER, THOMAS W. He was elected to the State Legis- He was a native of Virginia, in lature in 1818, 1819, and 1824; which State he held many positions was Governor of the State in 1828 of high character, was a Represenand 1837, and during the latter tative in Congress, from 1841 to term removed the Cherokee Indians 1843, and was Secretary of the from Georgia. He was President Navy under President Tyler. He of the Board of Presidential Elec- was killed by the accident on board tors in 1836; and was a Represen- the United States steamer Princetative in Congress, from 1821 to ton, February 28, 1844. 202 BIO GRAPHICAL SKETCHES. GILMORE, ALFRED. GODDARD CALVIN. He was born in Pennsylvania, Born in Shrewsbury, Massachuand was a Representativ.e in Con- setts, July 17, 17 68; and graduated gress, from that State, from 1849 at Dartmouth, in 1786. He was to 1853. admitted to the bar in Norwich, Connecticut, in 17i90, and settled in GILMORE, JOHN. Plainfield, from which place he was elected a Representative in, the Ite was a Representative in ConU Legislature, for nine sessions, during gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1829 e,, three of which he was Speaker of the House. He removed to Norwich, in 1807. From 1801 to 1805 GLASCOCK, THOMAS. he was a Representative in ConHe was a soldier and statesman gress, and from 1808 to 1815 he of Georgia; served at the siege of was a member of the State Council, Savannah, under Count Pulaski, as and from 1815 to 1818 Judge of lieutenant, and exhibited great skill the Superior Court. He was States and bravery; he was appointed Attorney for the County of New colonel of the troops ordered out London for five years, and Mayor by the Legislature, in defence of the of Norwich for seventeen years. State against the Indians, on the IHe died at Norwich, May 2, 1842. Western frontier; and was afterwards elected general of militia. GOGGIN, WILLIAM. Ie was a Representative in ConBorn in Bedford County, Xirgress, from Georgia, from 1836 to gna ay 31 180; received an ginia, May, 31, 1807; received an 1839, and highly respected for his studied law academic education; studied law talents and character. He died at in WiVinchester, and was admitted to Decatur, Georgia, May 9, 1841. the bar in 1828, and practiced in several of the Circuit and District GLASGOW, HUGH. courts of the State. In 1836 he lHe was a mRepresentativein Con- was a ember of the Legislature, gress, fro m Pennsylvania, from 1813 and in 1837 declined a re-election. to 1817. to 1817. In 1839 he was elected a Representative in Congress, and was reelected in 1841, toad 1843, and in GLEN, HENRY. 1847, being Chairman of the ComnHIe took an active part in the mittee on the Post-offices and Postrevolutionary war, and was a Re- roads, during his last term. lHe presentative from New York, in was afterwards appointed one of Congress, from 1793 to 1801. He the Visitors of West Point, under died at Schenectady in 1814, aged the administration of President seventy-three years. Fillmore, and since that time he BIO GRAPHICAL SKE THES. 203 has pursued his profession, in con- Congress, from 1837 to 1843, from nection with agricultural pursuits. Ohio. GOLD, THOMAS R. GOODE, SAMUEL. He was a native of New York; He was a Representative in Congraduated at Yale College in 1786; gress, from Virginia, from 1799 to was a member of the State Senate 1801. from 1797 to 1802; a member of the Assembly in 1808; and a Representative in Congress, from 1809 to 1813, and again from 1815 to 1817. He was born at Inglewood, 3He died in 1826. Mecklenburg County,Virginia, September 16, 1798; was educated at GOLDSBOROUGH, CHARLES W. the College of William and Mary; He was Governor of the State of studied law and commenced the Maryland, and a Representative in practice in 1821; he was, early in Congress from 1805 to 1817. He life, elected for several terms, a died at Shoal Creek, Maryland, member of the State Legislature. December 13, 1 834. He was a mernmber, in 1829, of the State Reform Convention of VirGOLDSBOROUGH, ROBERT H. ginia; in 1832 he was again elected He was a Senator of the United to the State Legislature, and took States from -Maryland, from 1813 an active part in the debates on to 1819, and again from 1835 to slavery, of that year; he was re1837. He died at New Easton, elected to the Legislature in 1838; Maryland, October 5, 1836. and he was first elected a Representative in Congress, from VirGOUCH, DANIEL W. ginia, in 1841, serving until 1843. Born in Wells, State of Maine, He was subsequently again elected January, 1820. He graduated at to the Legislature, andwas Speaker Dartmouth in 1843; studied law of the House of Delegates, for sevand commenced the practice in eral sessions. He was also a memBoston; was elected, in 1852, to ber of the State Reform Conventhe Legislature of Massachusetts; in tion of 1850, and was chosen Chair1853 to the Constitutional Conven- man of the Legislative Committe; tion; and subsequently, a Represen- and he was a member of the House tative in the Thirty-fifth Congress. of Delegates, called to put the New He has also been elected to the- Constitution into operation, and Thirty-sixth Congress. Chairman of the Committee on Finance. In 1853 he was again GOODE, PATRICK G. elected a Representative in ConHe was born in Virginia, and gress, from Virginia, and has been was elected a Representative in regularly re-elected to the present 204 BIOGRAPHItCAL SKETCHES. time. Hle is Chairman of the Coom- College in 1804. Early in life he mittee on the District of Columbia. engaged in commercial pursuits; he was a Whig during the Revolution, GOODENOW, JOHN M. represented his native county, in He was a Representative in Con- the State Senate, from 1784 to gress, from Ohio, from 1829 to 1789, when he was elected a Re1831. presentative to Congress under the new constitution, and, assisted by GOODENOW, ROBERT. Mr. Fitzsimmons, of Philadelphia, formed our code of revenue laws, He was born in New Hampshire, the majority of which have never and, having taken up his residence been abrogated. In 1796 he was in Maine, was a Representative in elected a Senator of the United Congress, from that State, from Congress, from that State, from States, and became distinguished as 1851 to 1853. a Chairman of the Committee on GOODENOW, RUFUS K. Commerce, but in 1800 he resigned his seat, and retired from public life. Born ilnl Henniker, ANew 1Hamnp- He died at Salem, July 28, 1814. shire, April 24, 1790, but removed with his father to Brownfield, Maine, where he was educated in a OODRIC, country school. He was a farmer, Born at Durham, Connecticut, and for many years a common October 20, 1759; graduated at sailor. He entered the army in Yale College in 1776, with a high 1812, as captain in the 33d Regi- reputation for genius and acquirement of United States infantry, and ments. After spending several served in that capacity until 1815. years as tutor in that institution he Upon the organization of a State established himself as lawyer at government, he was appointed clerk Hartford, and soon attained to emiof the courts for Oxford County, nence in the profession. HIe'was a and removed to Paris, and held this Representative in the Legislature in office sixteen years. He was a 1793, and a Representative in Conmember of the Legislature, and a gress from 1795 to 1801. From Presidential Elector in 1840, and 1802 to 1807 was a Councillor of represented his District in the Thir- the State; and he was elected ty-first Congress. United States Senator from 1807 to 1813. He received the office of GiOODIH-UE, BEN~J~iA~IN. Mayor of Hartford in 1812, and reBorn at Salem, Massachusetts, signed his seat in Congress. He October 1, 1748; graduated at was appointed Lieutenant-GoverHarvard University in 1766; and nor of the State in 1813. He died received literary honors from Yale August 18, 1815. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 205 GOODRICH, ELIZUR. serving as a member of the Committee on Claims. IHe was one of the very few survivors among the men who figured GOODWIN, PETERSON. in public life under the administraHe was a Representative in Contions of Washington and the elder gress, from XVirginia, from 1803 to Adams. He belonged to the Wash- 1808 ington school of Federalists, and his removal from the office of Col- GOODYEAR, CHARLES. lector of Customs, at New Haven, e was born in New York, and immediately on the accession of was a member of the New York Jefferson to the Presidency, gave Assembly, from Schoharie County occasion to the famous letter, in in 1840 and a Representative in which Jefferson avowed his princi- Congress from 1845 to 184. Congress from 1845 to 1847. ple of removal for political opinions. Besides being honored with GORDON, JAMES. various offices of trust and responHe was a member, for seven sibility, he was for some time Proyears, of the State Senate of New fessor of Law in Yale College, and twelve years in the State A York, twelve years in the State Asfor many years the efficient Mayor, sembly, and was a Representative of New Haven. He was a Reprein Congress, from New York, fromn sentative in Congress, from Connec- in Congress, from ew York, fro ticut, from 1799 to 1801. Died in 191 to 195. New Haven, November 1, 1849. GORDON, SAMUEL. He was born in New York, served GOODRIC:H[3, JOHN Z. in the State Assembly in 1834, and He was born in Massachusetts, was a Representative in Congress, and was a Representative in Con- from that State, from 1841 to 1843, gress, from 1851 to 1855, from his and again from 1845 to 1847. native State. GORDON, WILLIAM. GIOODWINT, HIERY C. HIe was a graduate of Harvard Born in De Ruyter, Madison College in 1779; was AttorneyCounty, New York, June 25, 1824, General for the State of New Hampreceived an academic education, and shire; a Representative in Congress, studied law, having been admitted from New Hampshire, from 1797 to to the bar in 1846. In 1847 he was 1800; and died at Boston, in May, elected District Attorney of Madison 1802, aged thirty-nine years. County and held the office three years. He was a Representative GORDON, WILLIAM F. from NewYork to the second session He was a native of Virginia, and of the Thirty-third Congress, and a Representative in Congress, from was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth, that State, from 1829 to 1835. 206 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHE S. CORE, CHRISTOPHER. Congress, from the Suffolk District, from 1820 to 1823, from 1827 to Graduated at Harvard College in 177 6; Governor of Massachusetts 1831, and from 1833 to 1835. He under the Constitution of 1780. was afterwards, for a short time, He settled in Boston as a lawyer, member of the State Legislature, and, in 1789, was appointed Dis- but spent the closing years of his *7 A 7 r * * ro~life in retirement. trict Attorney for the District of Massachusetts, under the new Con- GORMAN, WILLIAM A. stitution of the United States. In 1796 he was appointed a Commis- He was born in Kentucky, and sioner under the fourth article of having removed to Indiana, was Jay's Treaty. This appointment elected a Representative in Conobliged him to goto London, where gress, from that State, from 1849 he remained eight years, during the last of which he was left ChargeOTT, DNIEL. d'Affaires. He was again chosen Governor ill 1809, but only served He was born in Connecticut, and one term. In 1813 he was elected on removing to New York, was a Senator of the United States, in elected a Representative in Conwhich capacity he served until 1816, gress, from 1847 to 1851. when he retired to private life. He died in 1827, aged sixty-eight.AN D. Having no children, Mr. Gore left He was born in Connecticut, and valuable bequests to the American having taken up his residence in Academy and the Historical So- New York, was elected a Repreciety, of which he was a member; sentative in Congress, from that and he made Harvard College, of State, from 1849 to 1851. which institution he had been a Fellow and Trustee, his residuary GOURDIN, THEODORE. legatee. He was for a time the He was a Representative in Conlegal tutor and adviser of Daniel gress, from South Carolina, from BWebster. 1813 to 1815. GORHAM, BENJAMIN. GOVAN, A. R. He was born in Charlestown, He was a Representative in ConMassachusetts, February 13, 1775, gress, from South Carolina, from and died in Boston, September 27, 1822 to 1827. 1855. He graduated at Cambridge in 1795, studied law with Theophi- GRAHAM, JAMES. lus Parsons, of Newburyport, and Born in Lincoln County, North rose to eminence at the bar of Bos- Carolina, in January, 1793. He ton. He was a Representative in graduated at the University of that BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCIHES. 207 State in 1814; studied law, and GRANGER, FRANCIS. practiced with success for many He was born in Suffield, Hartyears; served four years in the ford County, Connecticut, in 1787; State Legislature; and was a Re- graduated at Yale College in 1811; presentative in Congress, from 1833 and, on removing to New York, to 1843, and from 1845 to 1847. was for five years, from 1826, a IHe spent the close of his life en- member of the General Assembly of gaged in agricultural pursuits, and that State. He was a Representadied in September, 1851. tive in Congress, from New York, from 1835 to 1837, and again from GRAHAM, WILLIAM. 1839 to 1841, when he resigned, to receive fromi President Harrison the Ie was a Representative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1837 to appointment of Postmaster-Gene~~~~1839. ~ral. Since that time he has lived 1839. in retirement. GRAHAM, WILLIAM A. Was born in 1800, in North Ca- GRANT, ABRAHAM P. rolina, and represented that State He was born in New York, and in the United States Senate two was a Representative in Congress, Augist, 1844, he was elected Go- from that State, from 1837 to 1839. August, 1844, he was elected Governor of the State, to which office he was re-elected in 1846, retiring GRANTLAND, SEATON. at the expiration of his second He was born in Virginia, and term, in January, 1849. He was term, in January, 1849. He was having taken up his residence near Secretary of the Navy under Presi- Milledgeville, in Georgia, was electdent Fillmore, and subsequently, ed a Representative in Congress, candidate for Vice-President on the from that State, from 1835 to 1839. ticket with General Scott. Ile was also a Presidential Elector. GRANGER, AMOS P. GRAVES, WILLIAMi J. He was born in Suffield, Hartford County, Connecticut, in June, He represented the State of Ken1789; received a common school tucky in Congress, from 1835 to education; has devoted the most of 1841, and died at Louisville, Sephis life to farming and merchandis- tember 27, 1848, aged forty-three ing; and having removed to New years. York, was elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirtyfourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, He was a Representative in Conand is a member of the Committee gress, from Virginia, from 1799 to on Territories. 1813. 208 BIO GRAPHICAL SKETCHES. GRAY, HIRAMI.. GREELEY, HORACE. He was a Representative in Con- Was born at Amherst, in New gress, from New York, from 1837 Hampshire, February 3, 1811. Unto 1839. til the age of fourteen, he attended GRAY, JOHN C. a common school in his native State. About that time, his paHe was born in Southampton County, Virginia, and was a Re-rents having remove to the State presentative in Congress, from that of Vermont, Horace, who had early State, from 1820 to 1821. shown a fondness for reading, especially newspapers, and had resolved GRAYSON, WILLIAM. to be a printer, endeavored to find W'as a native of Virginia, and a employment as an apprentice in a member of the Continental Con- printing-offce in Whitehall, but gress. In 1788 was a member of without success. Hie afterwards the Convention of Virginia which applied at the office of the Northassembled to consider the Constitu- ern,Spectator, in Pultney, Vertion of the United States, and made moIt, where his services were achimself conspicuous both by his ta- cepted, and where he remained unlents, and his union with Henry in til 1830, when the paper was disopposing the adoption of the Con- continued, and he returned to work stitution. From. 1789 to 1790 he on his father's farm. During the was a Senator of the United States, following year he arrived in the and died at Dumfries, while on his City of New York, where he obway to the seat of Government, tained work as a journeyman prinMarch 12, 1i90. ter, and was employed in various offices, with occasional intervals, GRAYSON, WILLIAM J. for the next eighteen months. In He is a native of Beaufort, South 1834, in connection with Jonas Carolina; graduated at the South Winchester, he started The A7ewCarolina College in 1809; was bred Yorcer, a weekly journal of literato the legal profession; was a Corn- ture and general intelligence, and missioner in equity of South Caro- became its editor. After struggling lina; a member of the State Legis- on for several years, the journal was lature; and a Representative in abandoned. During its existence, Congress, from 1833 to 1837; and Mr. Greeley published several poliby President Taylor he was ap- tical campaign papers: The Conpointed Collector of the Customs at stitution, The Jeffersonian, and Charleston. Of late years he has the Log Cabin. In 1841 he devoted himself to planting. In commenced the publication of the 1856 he published "The Hireling New Yorle Tribune. In 1848 and the Slave,' "Chicora, and other he was chosen to fill a vacancy in Poems." the Thirtieth Congress, and served BI O ( RAPHI CAL SETCII E S. 209 through the short term preceding and in 1836, with no fortune but a President Taylor's inauguration. common English education, he reIn 1851 he visited Europe, and was moved to Alabama, where he rechosen chairman of one of the juries mained one year, and then took up at the YWTorld's Fair. He gave an his residence in Missouri, with which account of his travels in a series State he has since been identified. of letters to the Tribune, which After many struggles with the were afterwards collected into a world, he was admitted to the bar volume. He has also published a in 1840, and soon thereafter entered collection of his addresses, essays, upon a lucrative practice. I-le was etc., under the title of "Hints a member of the Convention held in toward IReforms." 1845 for the revision of the Constitution of Missouri; and was elected GREEN, BYRtAM. a member of Congress in 1846, He was born in New York; serving through two terms. lHe served five years in the Assembly argued a boundary dispute case in of that State; and was a Repre- the Supreme Court, by appointment sentative in Congress, from 1843 to of the Governor of Missouri; and 1845. in 1849 took the stump against the late EI-on. Thomas H. Benton. In GREEN, FREDERICK W. 1853 President Pierce appointed He was born in Maryland, and him to be Charg cl'Affaires, and having removed to Ohio, was elected subsequently Minister-Resident at a Representative in Congress, from Bogota, New Grenada. He was that State, from 1851 to 1855. again elected a member of Congress in 1856, but before taking his seat GREEN, I. L. he was chosen by the Legislature IHe was born in fMassachusetts; to represent the State of Missouri in the Senate of the United States, 1781; was a Representative in Con- which position he still occupies. gress, from Massachusetts, from During the iirst session of the 1805 to 1809, and again from 1811 Thirty-fifth Congress he was a to 1813. He died in 1841. member of the Committees on the to 1813. He died in 1841. Judiciary and on Territories, and GREEN,I INNIS. at the commencement of the second I-Ie was born in Pennsylvania, session of that Congress, he was and was a Representative in Con- chosen Chairman of the Committee gress, from that State, from 1827 on Territories. to 1831. GREEN, WILLIS. GREEN, JAMES S. He was born in Kentucky, and He was born in Fauquier Coun- was a Representative in Congress, ty, Virginia, February 28, 181.7; from that State, from 1839 to 1845. 14 210 BIO GRAPIIICAL SKETCHES. GREENE, ALBERT C. Chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs. He was a Senator in Congress from Rhode Island, from 1845 to 1851, serving on the Committee on Private Land Claims. Born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, June 10, 1755; he received a good GREENE, RAY. classical education, and for several He gradtuatel at Yale College in years was tutor in the University of 1784; and was a Senator in Con- Pennsylvania. In 1783 he opened gress, from Rhode Island, from 1797 a country store in Middletown, to 1801. Dauphin County, whence he removed, in 1789, to a wilderness valGREENE, THOMAS 3M. ley, where he commenced agricultuIHe. was a Delegate to Congress, ral pursuits. In 1790 he was elected from the Territory of MIississippi, a Representative in Congress, from from 1802 to 1803. Pennsylvania, serving from 1791 to 1807, and a Senator of the United GREENUP, CHRISTOPHER. States from 1807 to 1813. In 1814 Hle was Governor of Kentucky he removed to Bellefonte, and in from 1804 to 1808; was a patriot 1816 he was appointed Secretary of of the American Revolution, and State of Pennsylvania. He was reparticipated in the perils of the war. markable for a sound and discrimiHe was at various times a member nating mind, agreeable and dignified of the Legislature of Kentucky, and manners, and performed his duties a Representative of that State in ith talent and integrity. e die Congress, from 1792 to 1797. He at Bellefonte, May 20, 1835. was a man of great usefulness in his native State, and died at Frankfort, GREGG, JAMES M. Kentucky, April 24, 1818. Born in Patrick County, Virginia, June 26, 1806. He received GRlEENWOOD, A. B. GREENWOOD, A. B. only a common school education, Born in Franklin County, Geor- and iwas bred a practical farmer, gia, July 11, 1811; graduated at but studied the profession of law; Athens, Georgia; is a lawyer by and in 1830, he settled in Hendrick profession; and was a member of County, Indiana. From 1834 to the Legislature of the State of Ar- 1837 he was County Surveyor, kansas from 1842 to 1845. I-e was and then chosen Clerk of the CirProsecuting Attorney from 1845 to cuit Court, serving till 1845. lie 1851; Circuit Judge from 1851 to was elected a Representative of 1853; and elected a Representative the Thirty-fifth Congress, and is a in Congress from 1853 to 1858, member of the Committee on Pubserving a portion of the time as lic'Expenditures B I O GRAPIH I CAL SKETCHES. 211 ~ GREGORY, DUDLEY S. GRIFFIN, SAMUEL. IHe was born in Connecticut, was He was a Representative in Conat one time engaged in the iron gress, from Virginia, from 1789 to business among the Adirondack 1795. Mountains of New York, and having settled in New Jersey, was GRIFFIN, THOMAS. elected a Representative in Con- He was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 gress, from Virginia, from 1803 to to 1849. 1805. GREIG, JOHN. GRINNELL, JOSEPH. He was born in New York, and e as born in New Bedford was a Representative in Congress, a assachusetts, aovember17, 1788. from that State, Hifrom 1841 to 1842. His early education was received at private schools and was moulded GRENNELL, GEORGE, JR. in view of a mercantile life; he He was born in Massachusetts; commenced business in New York gradnated at Dartmouth College as a commission merchant in 1809, in 1808; and was a Representative and continued there until 1829; for in Congoress, from that State, from five years being connected with 1829 to 1839. John H. Howland, eleven years with Preserved Fish, and four years GREY, BENJAM\ZIN E. with his brothers, Moses H. and He was born in Kentucky, and Henry Grinnell; in 1829 he retired was a Representative in Congress, from the New York concern, and from that State, from 1851 to 1855. visited Europe; on his return, he settled in his native place, devoting GRIDER, H ENitY. himself to commerce generally, and He was a Representative in Con- especially to the whale fishery; gress, from Kentucky, his native among the laborious positions which State, from 1843 to 1847. he has long held in New Bedford, are those of President of the Marine GRkIFFINT ISSAAC. Bank, of the New Bedford and He was born in Pennsylvania, Taunton Railroad, and of the Wamand was a Representative in Con- satta Cotton Mill. In 1839, 1840, gress, from that State, from 1813 and 1841, he was a member of the to 1817. Governor's Council of MassachuGRIFFIN, JOHN K. setts; he was elected. a RepresenHe was a Representative in Con- tative to Congress in 1843, and gress, from South Carolina, from was three times re-elected, serving 1831 to 1841, and died at ~Milton, on the Post-office and Commerce South Carolina, August 1, 1841. Committees, and originating the 212 Bf3 GRAP HIICAL SKETCHES. idea of a reduction of postage and resentative in Congress, from Conthe establishment of life-boats. In- necticutO In 1801 he declined the deed, so great was Mr. Grinnell's appointment of Secretary of War, influence on the floor of Congress, offered him by President Adams, a as every measure he proposed few days previous to the accession seemed to succeed, he was play- of President Jefferson. In 1807 he fully designated by his friends as was chosen a Judge of the Supreme one of the most dangerous men in Court of the State; was Lieutenantthe House. Governor fiom 1809 to 1811, and then elected Governor; while holdGRINNELL, MOSES II. ing that office, he refused to place Born in New Bedford, Massa- four companies under General Dearchusetts, March 3, 1803; was edu- born, at the requisition of the Precated at private schools, and at sident, for garrison purposes, deemFriend's Academy; was bred a ing the requisition unconstitutional, merchant, and frequently went as they were not wanted to "repel abroad as supercargo; and he was invasion," etc. I-e died in 1812. a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1839 to 1841. GRISWOLD, STANLEY. Moses H., Henry Grinnell, and Born in Torringford, ConnectiRobert B. Minturn, are the gentle- cut, November, 1768; graduated at men composing the distinguished Yale College in 1786; and was a firm of Grinnell, Minturn & Co., clergyman. In 1804 he became the the house taking that title in 1829, editor of a Democratic paper in though in reality founded many Walpole, New Hampshire, but soon years before by Joseph Grinnell after was appointed, by President and Preserved Fish. Jefferson, Secretary of the Territory of Michigan. He was a Senator in GRISWOLD, GAYLORD. Congress, from Ohio, in 1809; and He graduated at Yale College United States Judge for the Northin 1787; was a member of the western Territory. He died at New York Assembly, from 1796 Shawneetown, Illinois, August 21, to 1798; and a Representative in 1814. Congress, from New York, from 1803 to 1805; and died in 1809. GROESBECK, WILLIAM S. He was born in New York; and GRISWOLD, ROG1E, n having taken up his residence in Born in Lyme, Connecticut, May Ohio, was elected a Representative 21, 1762; graduated at Yale Col- to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving lege in 1780, and studied law. as a member of the Committee on From 1795 to 1805 he was a Rep- Foreign Affairs. B I O G RAP H I CAL SKETCHE S. 213 GROSS, EZRA C. GROW, GALUSIIA A. He was born in Windsor County, Born in Ashford,Windham CounVermont; graduated at the Univer- ty, Connecticut, August 31, 1823; sity of Vermont in 1806; was a was educated at Amherst College, Representative in Congress, from graduating in 1844; adopted the New York, from 1819 to 1821; and law as a profession, and was admitwas elected to the Assembly of that ted to the bar in 1841; and having State in 1828 and 1829, but died settled among the mountains of before the close of his second term. Pennsylvania, and his health, in 1850, being delicate, he amused GROSS, SAMUEL. himself by surveying wild lands and rafting and in 1850 he He was a native of Montgomery was elected a Representative in County, Pennsylvania, and was a Rpenty, tiein Colvanga, rewss fm Congress, where he still continues, Representative in Congress, fronl 1819 to 1823. serving as a member of the Committees on Territories and Public Printing. When IMr. Banks was GROSVENOR, THOMAS P. Speaker of the House of RepresenBorn in Pomfret, Connecticut, in tatives, Mr. Grow was Chairman of 18S0, and died April 25, 1817. Hle the Committee on Territories; and graduated at Yale College in 1800; during one of the recesses of Conand, after studying law, removed to gress, he visited Europe. He has New York; served a number of been re-elected to the Thirty-sixth years in the Legislature of that Congress. State, and was elected to Congress as a Representative, serving from GRUNDY, FELIX. 1813 to 1817. Born in Virginia, September 11, GROUT, JONATHAN. 1770; he removed with his father to IKentucky, and was educated at He was a Representative in Con- Bardstown Academy; studied law gress, from M~assachusetts, from gress, from Massachusetts, from and soon became distinguished at 1789 to T191. the bar. He commenced his public career at the are of twenty-two, as GROVE, WILLIAM B. n a member of the Convention for reH-le was a Representative in Con- vising the Constitution of Kentucky; gress, from North Carolina, from was afterwards, for six or seven 1791 to 1803. years, a member of the Legislature of that State. In 1806 he was GROVER, MARTIN. elected one of the Judges of the IHe was a native of New York, Supreme Court of Kentucky, and and a Representative in Congress, was soon after Chief Justice. In from that State, from 1845 to 1847. 1807 he removed to Nashville, 214 BIOGRAPHIICAL SIKETIIE S. Tennessee, and became eminent as Staten Island, in the Legislature of a lawyer. From 1811 to 1814 he New York, a number of years, and was a Representative in Congress, was a member of Congress, from from Tennessee, and during several 1819 to 1821. He died on Staten years after was a member of the Island, March 8, 1846. Legislature of that State. From 1829 to 1838 he was United. States GWIN, WILLIAM {M. Senator, and in the latter year was I orn in Sumner County, Tenappointed, by Prisident Van Buren, appoited, by Prisident Aan Buren, nessee, October 9, 1805; graduated Attorney-General of the United O at Transylvania University, LexingStates; in 1840 he resigned this ton, Kentucky, and studied medicine position, and was again elected SeZ-7, ~ as a profession; he was appointed nator. lie died at [Nashville, Ten- United States Marshal for Aiissisnessee, Decemlber 19, 1840. sippi; and elected a RepresentaGUNN, JIAMES. tive in Congress, from that State, serving firom 1841 to 1843. lie was He was a Senator of the United Commissioner of Public Buildings to States fronm Geodrgia, from 1789 to superintend the erection of the New 1801, and died in Louisville, in thatStat, Juy Orleans Custom-house; a member that State, July 30, 1801. of the Convention for framing the Constitution of California, and was GURLEY, HENRY H. one of the first United States SenalHe was born in Lebanon, Con- tors from that State, having been necticut, in 1787; was educated at elected, in 1850, for six years, and Williamstown College; studied law, re-elected in 1856, for the term and settled at an early day in Lou- which expires in 1861. Ile is isiana; and he was a Representa- Chairman of the Committee on the tive in Congress, from that State, Pacific Railroad, and a member of from 1823 to 1831. He previously the Committees on Finance and on held the office of United States Post-offices and Post-roads. Judge of the District Court of Louisiana, and died in 1832. HABERSTIAM, RI'ICHAIRD W. GUSTINE, AMOS. He was born in Savannah, Georgia, in 1786, and was educated at Hie was a Representative in Con- Nassau Hall, New Jersey, where he gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1841 to 3,, and died in Lost Creek graduated in 1805. He distinguishto 1843, and died in Lost Creek 8alley4, Pennsylvania, March ed himself as a lawyer, and occupied many stations of trust in his native State, and was a lRepresenGUIYON, JAMTES. tative in Congress, firom 1839 to I-e was born in Richmond Coun- 1843, where he commanded great ty, New York,. in 1777; represented respect for his political integrity BIOG RAPHICAL SKETCHES. 215 and gentlemanly character. HIe died HALE, JOIIN P. in Hlabersham County, Georgia, Born in Rochester, Stafford Deecemkber 2, 1844. December 2, 1844. County, New Hampshire, MIarch RIACKET, THOMAS C. 31, 1806. After preparing himself at Exeter Academy, he entered Hle was born in Georgia, and was Bowdoin College, ad grduated Bowdoin College, and graduated a Representative in Congress, frome studied la zn I in 1827. He studied law, and was that State, from 1849 to 1851, and, admitted to the bar in 1830; in was a member of the Committee on 1832 he was elected to the State 1832 he was elected to the State Indian Affairs. Legislature; in 1834 he was apHACKLEY, dAARON. pointed, by President Jackson, District Attorney for New Hampshire, Born in New Haven, Connecti- and reappointed by President Van cut, and was a member of the New Buren; in 1843 he was elected a iReYork Legislature in 1814,,1815, presentative in Congress; in 1846 and 1818, and a Representative in he was again elected to the State Congress, from that State, from Legislature and chosen Speaker; 1819 to 1821. iin 1847 he was elected a Senator IAILE, WILLIAMI. in Congress, and after serving until 1853, devoted himself for two years He was born in 1n79 7, and died at W e Miss, Mar dd to his profession, and was re-elected 8WoodvHlle, Mwassassmppb, arch 7, in 1855 to the United States Se1837. He was a member of Connate, and still continues to hold the gress, from Mississippi, from 1826 position, serving as a member of to 1828. the Committees on Naval Affairs, HALE, ARTEMAS. on Post-offices and Post-roads, and that to Examine the Condition of Born in Winchendon, Worcester County, Massachusetts, October 20, the Banks. 1783, and pursued the occupation of a farmer until twenty-one years HALE, SELAMA. of age, having received only a com- He was a Representative in Conmon school education. HIe was a gress, from zNew H1ampshire, from teacher in Kingham for ten years, 1817 to 1819. and then removed to Bridgewater, where he engaged in manufacturing. He was a Representative in the Legislature for several years, IHe was one of the most influand a State Senator in 1833 and ential men of New Hampshire, and 1834. In 1853 he was a member a member of Congress, from 1809 of the State Constitutional Con- to 1811, and again from 1813 to vention, and a Representative in 1817. Died at Dover, November Congress, from 1845 to 1849. 8, 1848, aged eighty-four years. 216 Bo GERAPH1ICAL SiKETCHEu S. HALEY, ELISHA. 1 years Judge of the Supreme Court; in 1850 Second Comptroller of the Hee was born in Connecticut, and Treasury; and ill 1351 was apwas a Representative in Congress, frol that State, from 1835 to 1839. pointed, by President Fillmore, Land Commissioner for California, HALL, AUGUSTUS. where he remained until 1854. He is now residing on the farm where He was born in New York, and he was born. elected a Representative in Congress, from Iowa, to the Thirtyfourth Congress. He was born in. Essex County, HALL, BOLLING. Massachusetts, June 26, 1q93; received a limited education; after Hee was a member of Congress, from Georgia, from 1811 to C 7ss leaving Andover Academy, went to from Geo-rgia, from 1811 to 18177; died'ner Montomerylabama Maine, and was a clerk in a store until died near Montgomery, Alabama, twenty-one years of age; served as March 25, 1836, aged sixty-seven a lieutenant of militia in 1813-14; years. from 1817 until 1819 was en(aaged HALL, GEORGE. in mercantile pursuits; was sheriff He was born in New Haven, Con- of two counties for twelve years; necticut; was a member of the As- and was a Representative in Consembly of New York in 1816, and gress, from Maine, from 1833 to a Representative in Congress, from 1837, having been the first Northern that State, fromn 1819 to 1821. zman who voted against receiving slavery petitions. Before entering HALL, HILAND. Congress he was for four years Postmaster of Camden, Maine; He was born in Bennington, Ver- e n, e and, by President Polk, was apmont, July 20, 1795. He spent his pointed Navy Agent of Boston in boyhood on his father's farm, rei a, 1849. He has since been connected ceiving, as he could, a good English,, ith the Boston Custom-house. education; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1819; in 1827 he was elected to the State Legislature, and afterwards, for He was born in Lake County, several years, was States Attorney; Ohio, in 1819; was educated in that and he was a Representative in State; graduated at Hudson in Congress, from Vermont, from 1833 1839; was admitted to the bar in to 1843, officiating for several ses- 1843; practiced his profession unsions as Chairman of the Committee til 1851, when he was elected Judge on Revolutionary Claims. I-e was of the Court of Common Pleas, also Bank Commissioner. for Ver- which position he held until 1856, moat, from 1843 to 1846; four when he was elected a Representa BIOGRAP HICAL S KET C HES. 217 tive, from Ohio, to the Thirty-fifth I-IALL, THOMAS H. Congress. HIe is a member of the Born in Edgecombe County, Committees on Agriculture and on North Carolina, in 1773; was eduPublic Buildings and Grounds. cated for the medical profession, and was a Representative in ConHALL, NATHAN K. gress from 1817 to 1825, and again from 1827 to 1835. In 1836 he Born March 28, 1810, at Marcellus Onondao County, New served as a member of the State celIus, Onondago County, New., znSenate and voted against the reYork. He read law in the office of nate, and voted a ception of any of the surplus reveMr. (afterwards President) Fillmore, and became his partner in nue of the United States Treasury, more, and became his partner in by the State of North Carolina. the practice of their profession, at He died in Tarborough, June 30, Buffalo, Erie County, New York, 1853. in 1832. He has held different ad- 1: ministration and judicial offices in HALL, WILLARD. his native State, served as a mem- He was born in Westford, Aasber of the State Legislature, and sachusetts, December 24, 1780; was a Representative in Congress graduated at Harvard College in from 1847 to 1849. On Mr. Fill- 1799; he studied law and was admore's accession to the Presidency, mitted to the bar in 1803; he rein July, 1850, he was appointed to moved to Delaware and practiced the office of Postmaster-General. his profession there; in 1811 he was elected Secretary of State, in HALL, OBED. Delaware, and held that office three He was a Representative in Con- years; he was elected a Represengress, fRom New Hampshire, ifom tative in Congress in 1816, and re1811 to 1813. elected in 1818; he was again Secretary of State in 1821; in 1822 HI-ALL, ROBERT B. was elected to the Legislature; and in 1823, was appointed, by PresiBorn in Boston, I7assachusetts, dent Monroe, District Judge of the January 28, 1812; was educated United States for Delanware; in for the ministry; was a member of 1829 he revised the State Laws of the Massachusetts Senate in 1855; Delaware, and in 1831 he was a and, having been elected a Repre- member of the State Constitutional sentative to the Thirty-fourth Con- Convention. gress, in that year, was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress in H-ALL, WILLARD P. 1857, where he continues at the He was born in Virginia, and on present time; serving as a member taking up his residence in Missouri, of the Coimmittee on Revolutionary was elected a Representative in Pensions. Congress, from 1847 to 1853. 218 BIOGRAP ICAL SKETCHES. HALL, WILLIAM. HALSEY, SILAS. I-He was born in 1774, and died in He was a Representative in ConSumner County, Tennessee, in gress, from New York, from 1805 October, 1856. He was a general to 1807, and having previously been of militia and a Representative in in the Assembly of that State for Congress, from Tennessee, from several years, was subsequently, for 1831 to 1833. one year, a member of the State Senate. IHALLOCK, JOHN, Jr. HALSTEAD, WILLIAM. He was a member of the Assembly of New York State, from Orange He was born in New Jersey, and County, in 1816 and 1817, and from was a Representative in Congress, 1820 to 1821, and a Representa-from that State, from 1837 to tive in Congress from 1825 to 1829. 1839, and again from 1841 to 1843. HALLOWAY, RANSOMI. HAMER, THOMAS L. A Representative in Congress, He was a Representative in Confrom the Eighth Congressional Dis- gress, from Ohio, from 1833 to trict of New York, from 1849 to 1839, and died at Monterey, _Mexi1851. He died in Mount Pleasant, co, while serving in the war, DePrince George County, Maryland, cember 3, 1846. April 6, 1851. HAMILTON, JAMES. HALM, JOHN. Born in Charleston, South CaIle was a Representative in Con- rolina, in 1789, was liberally edugress, from Pennsylvania, from cated, and adopted the law as a 1815 to 1817. profession. In 1812 he served with distinction on the Canadian fron-HALSEY, JEHIEL H. tier; was for several years Mayor of Charleston; in 1823 was elected He was a memlber of the New to the State Legislature; and from York Senate from 1832 to 1835, t, that position was transferred to the having previously been a RepreNational Eouse of R epresentasentative in Congress, from that tives, where he remained until 1829. State firom 1829 to 1831. He was subsequently chosen Governor of South Carolina, and, becomHALSEY, NICOLL. ing interested in the Republic of He was a member of the New Texas, helped to promote her indeYork Assembly, from Tompkins pendence, and went to Europe as County, in 1824, and a Representa- Minister Plenipotentiary from that tive in Congress, from that State, Republic. He did much to profrom 1833 to 1835. mote the interests of his native BIOGRAPHICAL SKETC H E S. 219 city and State, and was one of the eighth Congress, and re-elected to founders of the Southern Quarterly the Twenty-ninth Congress; was a Review, and also of the Bank of member of the House of IRepresenCharleston. At the time of his death tatives in the State Legislature in he was a Senator elect in Congress, 1847; and elected to the United but was drowned on his passage to States Senate, MIay 26, 1848, for Texas, November 15, 1857, by a col- four years, to fill a vacancy occalision between the steamers Galves- sioned by the decease of John Fairton and Opelousas, having been a field. He was re-elected for six years, passenger on board the latter July 25, 1851, and elected Governor steamer. of Maine, January 7, 1857, resigning his seat in the Senate and being inHAMIILTON, JOHN. augurated Governor the same day. He was at one time High Sheriff On the sixteenth of the same month, of Washington County, Pennsylva- was re-elected United States Senania, and a Representative in Con- tor for six years, and resigned the gress, from that State, from 1805 office of Governor, February 20, to 1801. He died at home, August 1857. He is a member of the 31, 1837, aged thirty-four years. Committees on Commerce, and on the District of Columbia. HAMILTON, WILLIAM T. He was born in Maryland, and HAMMET, WILLIAM J. was a Representative in Congress, He was born in Virginia; studied from that State, from 1849 to 1855. divinity; was Chaplain of the UniHAMKINS, DAVID. versity of Virginia when he finished his education; was at one time HIe was born in Maine, and was Chaplain of Congress; and a Repa Representative in Congress, from resentative in Congress, from Misthat State, from 1847 to 1849. sissippi, from 1843 to 1845. HAMLIN, EDWARD S. HAiMMIOND, EDWARD. He was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1844 to 1I was born in Maryland, and 1845. rwas a Representative in Congr from that State, from 1849 to 1853. HAMLIN, HANNIBAL. Born in Paris, Oxford County, HAMMOND, JABEZ D. Maine, August 27, 1809; is a law- IHe was a lawyer and popular yer by profession; was a member of political writer of New York; did the Maine Legislature from 1836, not receive a collegiate education, to 1840; and Speaker of the House but Union College conferred on him in 1837, 1839, 1840; was elected the degree of A.M. He was a a Representative to the Twenty- Representative in Congress, from 220 B OGRAPIHICAL SKETCHES. New York, from 1815 to 1817, and ber, 1857, elected to the United on the expiration of his term, he States Senate, where he still conwas elected to the State Senate, of tinues. which he was a member until 1821. He visited Europe, in 1830, to re- HAMMOND, ROBERT H. store his health. He was elected He was born in Pennsylvania County Judge in 1838, and about Count ge in 1838, and aout and was a Representative in Conthat time commenced his "Political History of the State of New York." to 1841. In 1845 he was elected to succeed Mr. Van Buren as a Regent of the HAMMOND, SAMUEL. University of New York, and held the office until his death. After in Richmond County, Vir-!his return fr~om Europe, having ginia, in 1757; received as good his return from Europe, having X ithdrwn in a great easure fro an education as the country afforded withdrawn in a great measure from public and professional life, he de- the time; when quite young he voted himself to literary pursuits, volunteered inanexpedition against the Indians under Governor Dunand publshed works entitled " Julius Melbourn," " The Political more, and acquired distinction at History of New York," and the the battle of the Kanawha; when the "Life and Times of Silas AWright." Revolution broke out he displayed IHe died August 18, 1855, in Cherry great bravery and ability at the e Yo, hi pe of battle of Longo Bridge, at the siege Valley, New York, his place of z of Savannah,where he was made Asresidence. sistant Quartermaster; at the battle of Black Stocks, where he had HAMIMIOND, JAMES H. three horses shot from under him, Born in Newbury Distitict, South and was wounded; he was a. memCarolina, November 15, 1807; ber of the Council of Capitulation graduated at the State College, Co- at Charleston; was at the battle of lumbia; practiced law from 1828 to King's Mountain; he was also at 1830; was editor of the Southlern the siege of Augusta; at the battle Times; served his native State in of Cowpens; the battle of Eutaw, Congress, from 1835 to 1837; where he was againbadly wounded. after which he visited Europe for his After the war he settled at Savanhealth. In 1841 he was appointed nah, and held many positions of a general of militia; and in 1842 trust and honor; in 1793 lie headed elected Governor of South Carolina. a volunteer corps, and did good After spending about fifteen years service in the Creek country; served in the quiet enjoyment of his plan- a number of years in the State tation, on the Savannah River, de- Legislature; and he was a Reprevoting himself to agricultural and sentative in Congress, from 1803 to literary pursuits, he was, in Novem- 1805. He was also appointed, by BIO GRAP I I CAL SKETCH E S. 221 President Jefferson, Military and to Pittsburg, and pursued the pracCivil Commandant of Upper Loui- tice of his profession. From 1847 siana; he was one of the early to 1851, he was a Representative Governors of Georgia; and Re- in Congress, and declined a re-elecceiver of Public hMoney in that tion. In 1853, lie was elected State. In 1824 he returned to President Judge of the District South Carolina, and was elected to Court for Alleghany County, and the Legislature of that State; was still holds that office. appointed Surveyor-General; and in 1831 Secretary.of State. He retired from public life in 1835, and lie was born in South Carolina died soon after, leaving behind in 1755; he took an active part in a brilliant reputation, both as a the war of the Revolution; compatriot and a man. manded a brigade in 1812 on the Northern frontier; he spent the HA~MMONS, JOSEPII. larger part of his life engaged in He was a Representative in Con- agricultural pursuits, by which he gress, from New Hampshire, from amassed a very large fortune, hav1829 to 1833; and died at Farm- ing been called the richest planter ington, in that State, April, 1836. in the United States; and he died at Columbia, South Carolina, FebHAMPTON, JAMES G. ury 4, 1834 nary 4, 1834. He was born in New Jersey; graduated at Princeton College in HANCOCK, GEORGE. 1835; and was a Representative in HIe was a Representative in ConCongress, from his native State, gress, from Virginia, from 1793 to from 1845 to 1849. 17 97 HAMPTON, MOSES. HAND, AUGUSTUS C. Born in Beaver County, Penn- HIe was a member of the State sylvania, October 28, 1803, but re- Senate of New York, from Essex moved, with his father, to Trumbull County from 1845 to 1848, ald a County, Ohio, so that his opportu- Representative in Congress, from nities for even a common school 1839 to 1841. His native State education were limited; he, how- was Vermont. ever, by his own exertions, obtained HANNA, JOEN A. a classical education, and graduated at Washington College, Pennsylvania. He studied law at Union- gress, from Pennsylvania, from 17 9 7 vania. He studied law at Unionto 1805. town, and was admitted to the bar in 1829; and commenced to practice HANNA, ROBERT. in Somerset, Pennsylvania, where he HIe was a member of the Indiana remained until 1838, and then went Constitutional Convention of 1816; 222 BIOG RAPHICAL SKETCHES. a general of militia; was for many took possession of a house for that years in the State Legislature; was purpose, supported by several polia Senator in Congress, from In- tical friends, well armed; the paper diana, by appointment, from 1831 appeared next morning with an arto 1832; took an active part for tide against the people and police many years in the public affairs of of Baltimore, and in the evening his State; and was killed by the the house was attacked by a mob cars, while walking on the track of from that city, which was, however, a railroad at Indianapolis, Novem- repelled; but Mr. Hanson and his ber 19, 1858. friends were obliged to surrender to the civil authorities, for security, HANNEGAN, EDWARD A. and were conducted to jail. That He was born in Ohio, but spent building was also attacked, and he his boyhood in entucky, receive was thrown in front of the jail, with a good education, studied law and others, and left by the mob, supwas admitted to the bar in his posed to be lead. He afterwards twenty-third year, settling in In- removed to Baltimore, and in that diana. He was frequently a mem- Year was elected a Representative ber of the State Legislature, and a in Congress, serving from 1813 to Representative in Congress, from 1816, when he was elected a SenaIndiana, from 1833 to 1837, and a tor of the United States. He died Senator in Congress, from 1843 to at Belmont, April 23, 1819, aged 1849, officiating a part of the time thirty-three years. as Chairman of the Committee on Roads and Canals, and on Enrolled HARD, GIDEON. Bills. On his retirement from the He was a Representative in ConSenate, he was appointed Minister gress, from New York, from 1833 to Prussia, and on his return from to 1837, and a Senator from that Europe, took up his residence in State, from 1842 to 1847. 3Missouri. HARALSON, HUGH A. H-IANSON, ALEXANDER CONTEE. Born in Greene County, Georgia, He was a lawyer by profession, November 13, 1805. He graduated and at one time edited a political at the University of Georgia in newspaper called the Federal Re- 1825, and adopted the law as a propt.blican, at Georgetown, District fession, having, by an act of the of Columbia. He was a bitter op- Legislature, been permitted to pracponent of the administration, and tice before he was twenty-one. He in'1812 published an article, which was for many years a member of so irritated the populace, that his the Georgia Legislature, and a Reprinting-office was destroyed. He presentative in Congress, from 1843 resolved to re-issue the paper, and to 1851. He died at home in Oc BIO G RAP I CAL S K E TC E S. 223 tober, 1854. He also participated a good English education; adopted in the military affairs of the State, the profession of law, and was adand was a major-general of militia; mitted to the bar in 1825; in 1831 and when in Congress, was Chair- he was elected a member of the man of the Committee on iMilitary State Legislature, and in 1838 and Affairs. 1839 was elected to the State Senate; was a Presidential Elector in THIRDIN, I3BENJAMIN. 1844 from Ohio; in 1849 was again He was born in WVestmoreland elected to the State Senate; in 1850 County, Pennsylvania, and was a was a member of the State ConstiRepresentative in Congress, from tutional Convention; and in 1852 Kentucky, from 1815 to 1817, from he was elected a Representative in 1819 to 1823, and again from 1833 Congress from Ohio, where he has to 1837, and died at Bardstown, continued to serve the people of his Kentucky, September 24, 1852. native district to the present time. iHe is a member of the Committee I-SHARDIN, JOIIN J. ( on Private Land Claims. l:e was born in Kentucky, and having removed' to Illinois, was HARLAN, ANDREW J. elected a Representative in Con- HIe was born in Chester, Clinton gress, from 1843 to 1845. County, Ohio, lMarch 29, 1815; received a limited education; studied HABRDIN, MAXRTIN D. law, but abandoned the practice for He was born on the Mononga- politics; in 1842 he was elected hela River, Western Pennsylvania. Clerk of the Indiana House of ReJune 21, 1780. He was educated presentatives; was elected to the chiefly at Transylvania Seminary, Legislature in 1846, 1847, and in K}entucky; studied law; served 1848; and was elected a Represenfor several years in the Legislature tative in Congress, from Indiana, of Kentucky; was at one time Se- from 1849 to 1851, and again from cretary of State for Kentucky; 1853 to 1855. served in the Northwestern army as HAIRLAN, JA3IES. a major; and was a Senator in Congress, during the years 1816 Born in Mercer County, Kentucky, and 1817. He had a superior June 22, 1800; received a good mind, and as a lawyer was emi- English education, and engaged in nently successful. He died in mercantile pursuits from 181 to Franklin County, Kentucky, Octo- 1821. I~e then commenced the her 8, 1823. study of the law, and was admitted to the bar in 1823. In 1829 he HA3RLAN, AARON. was appointed Prosecuting AttorI-e was born in Warren County, ney for the Circuit in which he reOhio, September 8, 1802; received sided, and held the oifice four years. 221 BIO G RAP H ICAL SKETCHES. In 1835 he was elected a Represen- Louisiana, of all the submerged tative to Congress from Kentuckly, lands in that State, with a view to and in 1837 he was re-elected; their redemption from that condiduring the last session he was Chair- tion, and thus promoting the public man of the Committee for Investi- health. He died in New Orleans, gating Defalcations. From 1.840 October 25, 1850. to 1844 he was Secretary of State of Kentucky. In 1845 he was HARPER, ALEXANDER, elected to the lower branch of the He was born in Ireland, and Legislature; and in 1850 he was having emigrated to Ohio, was appointedAttorney-General of that elected a [Representative in ConState, which office he now holds. gress, from 1837 to 1839, from 1843 to 1847, and again from 1851 to HARLAN, JAAMES. 1853. Born in Clark County, Illinois, 1 ARPER, FRANCIS J. August 26, 1820; graduated at' Indiana University in 1845; a lawyer e was elected a member of Condby profession; was Superintendlent gress from Pennsylvania, but died of Public Instruction in the State before taling his seat, March 18, of Iowa in 1847; President of Iowa 1837, aged thirty-eight years. Wesleyan University in 1843; and HTA-RPlER, JAMES. was elected a United States Senator in 1854, serving as a member of the He was born in Ireland, and Committees on Public Lands and having emigrated to Pennsylvania, on Engrossed Bills. was elected a Representative in Congress, from 1833 to 1837. HARMANSON, JOHN H..HARPER, JOIHN A. Born in Norfolk, Virginia, in January, 1803 He was educated HIe was a Representative in Conat Jefferson College, Mississippi, gress, from New Hampshire, from and hlaving removed to Louisiana, 1811 to 1813. devoted himself first to one of the mechanic arts, then to law, and after- HARPER, JOSEPH M. wards to agriculture. He served in Born in Limerick, Maine, June the State Senate in 1844; and was 21, 1787; commenced active life by elected to the National House of working on his father's farm in sumRepresentatives in 1845, and re- mer and going to the district school elected in 1847 and 1849, ever keep- in winter; he was also at the Fryeing a watchful eye upon the interests burg Academy, and taught school; of his adopted State, and proposed he studied medicine and law, and in Congress a project to secure a practiced both professions; he was grant from the United States to a judge, at one time, of the United BIOGRAPHICAL SIKETCHES. 225 States District Court of Maine; I Speaker of the Lower House. He and a Representative in Congress, was a Senator in Congress, from from that State, from 1831 to South Carolina, during the year 1835. He is now the President 1826, and was appointed Chancelof the Mechanics' Bank, Con- lor of that State in 1835; he was cord. an eminent jurist, and died October 10, 1847. HARPER, ROBERT G. He was born near Fredericks- IIARRIS, ISHAM G. burg, Virginia, in 1765; was a He was born in Tennessee, and graduate of Princeton -College in was a Representative in Congress, 1785, and for a time a teacher from that State, from 1849 to 1853. in that institution; removing to Charleston, South Carolina, he HARRIS, J. MORRISON. studied law and was admitted to Born in the City of Baltimore, in the bar of that State; he was a 1821; was educated at La Fayette leading Representative in Congress, Pennsylvnia, and studied from South Carolina, from 1794 to law, being admitted to the bar in 1801; he subsequently removed to 1843. He was a PresidentialElecBaltimore, Maryland, and was a tor in 1848, and in 1855 was elected Senator in Congress, from that a Representative, from Maryland, State, during the years 1815 and in the Thirty-fourth Congress, and 1816; in 1819 he visited Europe, returned to the Thirty-fifth Conand, on his return, devoted himself gress in 1857, serving as a member to the cause of the Colonization of the Committee on Mileage. Society, and to literary pursuits, publishing a number of interesting HARRIS JOHN. addresses and papers, which were.,He was born in New York, and subsequently collected in a volume. He served with credit in the war of was a Representative in Congress 1812, having attained the rank of from that State, from 1807 to 1809. major-general. He died suddenly, January 15, 1825, having been en- HARRIS, MARK. gaged the preceding day in the He was a Representative in ConCircuit Court. gress, from Maine, during the years 1822 and 1823. HARPER, WILLIAM. HARRIS, ROBERT. He was a native of South Caro- HARRIS, ROBERT. lina; graduated at the South Caro- He was born in Pennsylvania, lina College in 1808; adopted the and was a Representative in Conprofession of law; served in the gress, from that State, from 1823 State Legislature, and was elected to 1827. 15 226 BIOGRAPHICAL S IETCHESo HARRIS, SAMPSON W. the navy battery with a detachment ~Born in ~~Elbelrt Cnounty, Georgia, during the day of its terrible fire; Feblruary 23, 1809, ~andl diecd in was also at Cerro Gordo, and after Wiashington City, iApril 1, 1857. the wounding of General Shields, took command of the regiment, He graduated at Franklin College in 1828; adopted the profession of Government dispatches, for placing law; served one term in the Geor- overnment dispatches, fo placing gia Legislature, and then removed a tenty-four-pounder battering to Alabama. e was there p- cannon on the heights of Cerro pointe Pros. Heun Attorne fr Gordo, during the night preceding pointed Prosecuting attorney for th btl Wi the battle. While absent in the the State; and in 1847 he was elected a Representative in Co- army, in, gress, from Alabama, where he con- nator in the Illinois Legislature,'tinued until his death and in 1848 was chosen a Reptinued until his death resentative in Congress, serving H-ARRIS, THOMAIAS KI. through the Thirty-first, and was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth ConHe was a Representative in Con- re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress; during his second term he gress, from Tennessee, from 1813 n U officiated as Chairman of the Comto 1815. to ittee on Elections. I-le took a IARRISn, THrOMAS~I L. special interest in the late election in Illinois, when he was re-elected He was born in Norwich, Conto the Thirty-sixth Congress; and necticut, October 29, 1816; graduit is supposed that owing to his de-'ated at Trinity College, Hartford, in ing health, the efforts he made 1841; studied law, in Connecticut, to attend the polls were the more with Governor Isaac Toucey; was immediate cause of his death, which admitted to the bar, in Virginia, in occurred at Springfield, Illinois, 1.842, nd during that year com- November 24, 1858. His disease menced the practice of his profes- was pulmonary consumption sion in Petersburg, Menard County, Illinois. In 1845 he was chosen HARRIS, WILEY P. School Commissioner for his county, and in 1846 he raised and com- He was born in Mississippi, and -manded a company, and joined the was a Representative in Congress, 4th Regiment of Illinois Volunteers from that State, from 1853 to 1855. to serve in the war with Mexico; he was afterwards elected major of HARRIS, WILLIAM A. the regiment, and, owing to the He was born in Fauquier County, sickness of his superior officers, was Virginia, August 8, 1805; received chief in command during most of a classical education; he adopted the campaign. He was at the tak- the profession of law, and practiced ing of Vera Cruz, and served in it for ten years; he was twice elect BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 227 ed to the Legislature of Virginia; HARRISON, WILLIAM HENRY. and he was a Representative in Was born in Charles County, Congress, from 1841 to 1843. He Virginia, February 9, 1773; was was editor, for several years, of a educated at Hampden Sydney Coljournal called the Sloectator, and journal called the Speato, and lege, and afterwards studied mesubsequently of the Constitution; dicine. He received, from Washand in 1845 he was appointed, by ton a ington, a millitary commission in President Polk, Charg6 d'Affaires to 1791, and fought under Wayne in Buenos Ayres, where he remained M2. After the battle of Miami until 1851. After the election of Rapids, he was made captain, and Mr. Buchanan to the Presidency,, placed in command of Fort Washhe became the editor and proprietor In 1 ington. In 17 97 he was appointed of the TVashin.gton Union; which Secretary of the Northwest Terricontinued in his possession until he tory; and in 1799 and 1800 he was was elected Printer to the United tory; and in 199 and 1800 he was a Delegate to Congress. Being apStates Senate, which is his present t e officia pt.'pointed Governor of Indiana, he was official position. also Superintendent of Indian Af-fairs, and negotiated thirteen treaHARRISON, ALBERT -G. ties. He gained a great victory in He was a native of Kentucky; a the battle of Tippecanoe, Novemlawyer by profession; and a mem- ber 7, 1811. In the war with Great ber of Congress, from Missouri, Britain, he was commander of the from 1835 to 1839. He died at Northwest army, and was distinFulton, Missouri, September 7, guished in the defence of Fort 1839, highly esteemed. Meigs, and the victory of the Thames. From 1816 to 1819, he HARRISON, CARTER B. was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio; and from 1825 to 1828, ewas aRepresentativein Con- United States Senator. In 1828 gress, from Virginia, from 1793 to.. gress, fom Virginia, from 793 t he was Minister to the Republic of 1799. Colombia; and on his return he reHARRISON, JOHN S. sided upon his farm, at North Bend, Ohio. In 1840 he was elected I-He was born in Ohio, and was a. esn in o, n s President of the United States, by Representative in Congress, from 234 votes out of 294, and inaugurathat State, from 1853 to 1857. He died in the ted March 4, 1841. He died in the Presidential mansion, April 4, 1841. 1-ARRISON, S. S. He was born in Maryland; and HART, EMANUEL B. was a Representative in Congress, Born in New York City, October from Pennsylvania, from 1833 to 29, 1811; entered early upon a mer1837. cantile occupation; went to the 228 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Spanish Main as a supercargo; and I IIASBROUCK, ABRAHAM BO settled in New York as a commisHe graduated at Yale College in sion merchant; served for a time in 1810; and was a Representative in the Board of Aldermen; was a Re- Congress, from New York, from presentative in Congress, from 1851 1825 to 182f. to 1853; he was at one time a lieutenant-colonel of the State militia; HASBROUCK, JOSIAH. and was appointed, by President Buchanan, Surveyor of the port o of e was for four years a member New York. Mr. Hart has also fre- of the New Yorl Assenlly, and a Representative in Congress, from quently been a member of the State Representative in Congress, from and National Conventions of the that State, *from 1803 to 1805, and again from 1817 to 1819. DemocTratic party. IHARTLEY, THOMAS. HASCALL, AUGUSTUS P. He was born in Reading, Penn- He was born in Massachusetts; sylvania; served in the revolutionary and was a Representative in Collwar as a colonel from 1776 to 1779; gress, from lN'ew York, from 1851 was a lawyer of eminence; and a to 1853. Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1789 until his HASKELL, WILLIAM TO death, which occurred at York, He was born in Tennessee, rePennsylvania, in 1800. ceived a liberal education, and HARVE~Y, JONATHAN. adopted the profession of law; he commanded, as colonel, a regiment IH3e was a Representative in Con- of Tennessee volunteers, in the late gress, from lNew Hampshire, from war with Mexico, having cistin1825 to 1831, and during his last guished himself at Medelin and at term was a member of the Com- Cerro Gordo; and was a Reprereittee on Commerce. sentative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1847 to 1849. HARVEY, MAITTHEW., He was a Representative in Con- HASIINS JOHN B. gress, from New Hampshire, from 1821 to 1825. Born at Fordham, mWestchester County, New York, August 7, HASBROUCK, ABRAHAM. 1821; educated at a public school He was a member of the New York in New York City; he was a lawAssembly, from Ulster County, in yer by profession; held several im1781 and 1782, and again in 1811; portant city offices from 1846 to and a Representative in Congress, 1856, and was then elected a Refrom 1813 -to 1815; and State Se- presentative in the Thirty-fifth nator in 1822. Congress, officiating as Chairman BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 229 of the Committee on Expenditures HATCH, ISRAEL T. in the Navy Department. He was born in New York; was HASTINGS, G~EORG;E. a member of the Assemibly of that State, in 1852; and elected a ReHBe was born in Clinton, Oneida presentative to the Thirty-fifth ConCounty,- New York, March 13, gress, serving as Chairman of the 1807; graduated at Hamilton Col- Committe on the ilitia, and as lege in 1826; studied law and was member of the Committee on Enadmitted to the bar in 1830; he graving. was District Attorney for Oneida County nine years; and he was a HATHAWAY, S. G. Representative in Congress, from He was, for three years, a memNew York, from 1853 to 1855. w York, from 1853 to 1855. ber of the Assembly of New York, Late in the latter year he was elect- year a State Senator, and a Reed Judge for Livingston County,, presentative in Congress, from that which office he now holds. from 1833 to 1835 HASTINGS, JOHN. HATHORN, JOHN. He was a Representative in ConeHe was a member of the State gress, from Ohio, from 1839 to 1843, and died at Columbus, Deo 1843, and died at Columbus, De- Representative in Congress, from cemnber 29, 1854. New York, from 1789 to 1791, and HASTINGS, L. CLINTON. again from 1795 to 1797; and was again elected to the State Senate in He was a Representative in Con- 1804 gress, from Iowa, from 1846 to 1847. HAVEN, JONATHAN N. HASTINGS, SETH. He graduated at Yale College He graduated at Harvard -Uni *in 1777, and was for nine years a member of the New York Assemversity in 1782; was a Representative in Congress, from Massachu- bly, from Suffolk County, and a Resetts, frolm 1801 to 1807T; and died presentative in Congress, from 1795 in 1831. to 1799, the year of his death. HASTINGS, WILLIAM SODEN. HAVEN, NATHANIEL A. He was frequently a member of He was a native of New Hampthe Legislature of Massachusetts, shire; graduated at Harvard Uniand was a Representative in Con- versity in 1779; was a member of gress, from that State, from 1837 Congress, from that State, from to 1842. He died at the Sulphur 1809 to 1811, and died March, Springs, Virginia, June 17, 1842. 1831, aged sixty-nine years. 230 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. HAVEN, SOLOMON G. der the Constitution, from North He was born in New York, and Carolina, he served from 1789 to was a Representative in Congress, 1795; and having been appointed, from that State from 1851 to 1857. by Washington, Agent for Superintending all the Indians south of the HAWES, ALBERT G. Ohio, he retained that office until his death,-having tendered his reHe was a Representative in Consignation, without its being acceptgress, from Kentucky, from 1831 to t ed, to each successive President, 1837, and died in Davis County, from 1796 to 1816. Ie was a Kentucky, April 14, 1849.. man of superior abilities and lofty HAWES, AYLETT. character, and left behind him some valuable writings on "Topograas a Representative in Con- phy," and "Indian Character." iHe gress, from Virginia, from 1811 to died June 6 1816. 1817. He was a physician by profession, and died in Culpepper HAWKINS, GEORGE S. County, Virginia, April, 1834. He was born in New York, and, HAWES, RICHARD. having become a citizen of Florida, was elected a Representative to the He was born in Virginia, and e was born in Virginia, nd Thirty-fifth Congress, from that having removed to Kentucky, was having remed to Kentucky, was State, serving on the Committees elected a Representative in Conon Private Land Claims, and on gress, from that State, from 1837 to Naval Affairs. 1841. HAWKINS, JOHN. HAWKINS, BENJAMIN. Born in Yates County, North e was a Representative in ConBorn in Yates County, North Carolina, August 15, 1754; was gress, from New York, from 1821 Carolina, August 15, 1754; was educated at Princeton College; and was an excellent French scholar, HAWKINS, JOSEPH. which occasioned his becoming a He was Representative in Conpersonal friend of Washington, that gress, from New York, from 1829 he might act as interpreter in his to 1831. intercourse with the French officers of his army. He was with him at HAWKINS, JOSEPH W. the battle of Monmouth. In 1780 He was a Representative in Conhe was chosen Commercial Agent gress, from Kentucky, from 1814 to by the Legislature of North Caro- 1815. lina; and from 1781 to 1784, and from 1786 to 1787, he was a Dele- HAWKINS, AM. T. gate in the First Congress; and as He entered public life, in 1819, a Senator of the United States, un- as a member of the House of Com BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 231 mons of North Carolina; was a on the St. Lawrence, as major of member of the State Senate from cavalry; in the Creek Nation, as 1823 to 1827; and a Representa- inspector-general, and also at the tive in Congress, from North Caro- storming of Pensacola, and at New lina, from 1831 to 1841. He Orleans. After the war he studied served again in the State Senate in law, and was admitted to the bar 1846. He was also at one time a in Pennsylvania. During the Florida general of militia. war he was again called into the field, and had command of the TenHAWS, J. H. HOBART. nessee Volunteers, and he retired He was born in New York, and from the army in 1820. He subwas a Representative in Congress, sequently served in the Legislature from that State, from 1851 to 1853. of South Carolina, and was chosen a Presidential Elector in 18 3 2, votHAY, ANDREW K. ing for Jackson; and he was apHe was born in Massachusetts, pointed to a seat in the United anud, having become a resident of States Senate, from South Carolina, New Jersey, was elected a Repre- in May, 1858, in the place of Senator Evans. sentative in Congress, from 1849 to na 1851. HAYNE, ROBERT Y. HAYDEN, MOSES.,He was born near Charleston, He was a member of the New South Carolina, November 10, 1791; York State Senate in 1829 and 1830, his early advantages for education and a Representative in Congress, were limited; he studied law with from 1823 to 1827. Langdon Cheves, and was admitted to the bar before he was twentyHAYMOND, THOMAS S. one years of age, attaining a high He was born in Virginia, and rank as a lawyer. In the war of was a Representative in Congress, 1812 he held the commission of from that State, from 1849 to 1851. lieutenant. In 1814 he was elected to the State Legislature, and in HAYNE, ARTHUR P. 1818 Speaker, and was also AtHe was born in Charleston, South torney-General of the State. He Carolina, March 12, 1790, received was elected to the United States a good education, and commenced Senate in 1823, and continued there active life in a counting-house. He until 1832. In 1832, as a member early formed an attachment for of the "Union and State Rights military life, and, on entering the Convention" of South Carolina, he army, rendered good service dur- reported the ordinance of Nullificaing the last war with England, at tion, and was soon afterwards electSacket's Harbor, as first lieutenant; ed Governor of the State. Ite was 232 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. subsequently Mayor of Charleston, HAZELTINE, ABNER. and President of the Charleston, He was a member of the New Louisville, and Cincinnati Railroad York Assembly in 1829 and 1830 Company. He died at Ashville, and a Representative in Congress, North Carolina, September 24,1839. from that State from 1833 to 1837. His abilities were of a high order, and he acquired distinction by his HEALEY, JOSEPH. participation in a debate in the Senate with Daniel Webster. Senate with Daniel Webster, IHe was a Representative in Congress, from New Hampshire, from HAYNES, CHARLES E. 1825 to 1829, and was a member of the Committee on Revolutionary He was born in Virginia, and was Claims. a Representative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1825 to 1829, and HEATH, JAMES P. again from 1835 to 1839. He was born in Delaware, DeH:e was born in Delaware, DeHAYS, SAMUEL. cember 21, 1777. In 1799 he was appointed a lieutenant in the regiHe was born in Virginia, and was ment of artillerists and engineers, a Representative in Congress, friom which he resigned in 1802; he was Register in Chancery, at AnnapoHAYS, SAMUEL. lis, at the commencement of the war of 181.2; he served through the He was born in Pennsylvania, asd whole war as aid-de-camp to Gewas a Representative in Congress, neral Winder; in 1838 he was fror that State, foro 1843 to 1845. wrecked on the steamer Pulaski, and spent five days and nights BAYWOOD, WILLIAM H., JR. afloat upon a piece of the wreck; Born in Wake County, North when nineteen years of age he Carolina, in 1801; graduated at the fought a duel with John Knight, University of North Carolina in and received a ball which never left 1819; studied law; entered public him; and he was a Representative life as a member of the House of in Congress, from Maryland, from Commons in 1834, continuing there 1833 to 1835, serving as a member three years; in 1836 was Speaker of the Committee on Commerce. of the House; and a Senator in He died in Georgetown, June 12, Congress, from 1843 to 1845. 1854. HAZARD, NATHANIEL. HEATH, JOHN. He was born in Newport, Rhode He was a Representative in ConIsland, and was a Representative in gress, from Virginia, from 1793 to Congress, from 1819 to 1821. 1797. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 233 HEBART, WILLIAM. Anti-Masonic party. He was a member of the Convention to revise HIe was born in Connecticut, and in t, the Constitution of Pennsylvania, having settled in Vermonlt, was elected a epresentative in on and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1831 to 1837. gress, from that State, from 1849 gressto 1853.fromthatStatefrom1 He died October 14, 1853, in Pennsylvania, aged sixty-two years. HEISTER, DANIEL. HIELMS, WILLIAM. IHe was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from He was an officer in the revolu1789 to 1796, and, for another term, tionary army; a Representative in from 1809 to 1811. He also served Congress, from New Jersey, from in Congress, from Maryland, from 1801 to 1811; and, removing to 1801 to 1804. Tennessee, died there at an advanced age. HEISTER, JOHN. I-e was a Representative in Con- HEMPHILL, JOSEPH. gress, from Pennsylvania, from He was born in Delaware Coun1807 to 1809. ty, Pennsylvania, and was a leading HEISTER, JOSEPIH-. I"member of the old Federal party; he was a Representative of PennsylvaE[e was born at Reading, Penn' van, No, P nia in Congress, from 1801 to 1803, sylvania, November 18, 1752; was again from 1819 to 1827, and from a general in the revolutionary war, 1829 to 1831. He distinguished 1829 to 1831. Hie distinguished having organized a company at his himself particularly by a speech on own expense, which fought on Long own expense, which fought on Long the Judiciary Bill in 1801; and was island, where he was wounded and Island, where he was wounded and for some time Judge of the District taken prisoner. He was a RepreCourt of Philadelphia. Hie died in sentative in the Pennsylvania LePhiladelphia, May 29, 1842, agedt gislature soon after the close of the seventy-two years. war, and served for several years; was a member of the Convention HE IPSTEAD, EDWARD. which formed the State Constitution, and a Representative in Con- He was born near New London, gress, from that State, from 1797 to Connecticut; was educated for the 1805, and again from 1815 to 1820. bar, and became distinguished as a He was Governor from 1820 to lawyer; he removed to Upper 11823, and died at -RHeading, June Louisiana three years after its ces10, 1832. sion to the Union, and was the first Delegate to Congress, from the HEISTER, WILLIAM. western side of the Mississippi He was, for many years, an ac- River, representing Missouri Territive politician and a leader of the tory from 1811 to 181.4. 234 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHESo HENDERSON, ARCHIBALD. sissippi. He emigrated to Texas Born in Granville County, Nortlh in 1836, and his first civil office was Carolina, August 7, 1768, and died that of AttorneyGeneral of the October 21, 1822. He was edu- Republic of Texas, having been apcated in his native county, studied pointed, by President Houston, in law, and rose to a high position at 1836; in 1837 he was appointed the bar of his State. 1He was a Secretary of State of the Republic; Representative in Congress, from soon afterwards Minister PlenipoNorth Carolina, from 1799 to 1803; tentiary to England and France, andc s~ubselquently elected to the clothed with the additional powers General Assembly for several terms.sioner to solicit the re His learning was extensive, and his cognition of the Incdpencece of character as a man above reproach. Texas; in 1838 he made a commercial arrangement with England, and HENDERSON, BENNETT H. in 1839 a commercial treaty with France; in 1844 he was appointed He was a Representative in Con- a Special lmnister to the United gress, f~roam Tennessee, fronm ]1815 to States, which mission resulted in the IS18. annexation of Texas; in 1845 he was HENDERSON, JOHN. a member of the Convention which framed the Constitution of the State He was a lawyer by profession; o Texas; in oveber, of the of Texas; in November, of the a general of militia in Mississippi; same year, was elected Governor of a Senator in Congress, from Missis- the State; and when the Mexican sippi, from 1839 to 1845; and, dur- war broke out, in 1846, as Govering the latter part of his life, prac- nor of the State and by permission ticed his profession in Louisiana. of the Legislature, of the Legislature, he took comge died at Pass Christian in 1857, mand, in person, of the volunteer aged sixty-two years. troops, called for by General Taylor, served six months as major[tENDERSON, JOSEPH. general, and distinguished himself He was born in Pennsylvania, and at the battle of Monterey, subsewas a Representative in Congress, quently receiving from Congress, for from that State, from 1833 to 1837. his services, a vote of thanks and a sword valued at fifteen hundred dolHENDERSON, J. PINCKNEY, lars. He was elected a Senator, in Born in Lincoln County, North Congress, in 1857, but, owing to ill Carolina, March 31, 1808. He re- health, did not take an active part ceived a liberal education but did in its proceedings, and he died in not graduate, and adopted the law Washington City, June 4, 1858, as a profession, first visiting Cuba deeply lamented by all who knew for his health, and settling in iis- him. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 235 HENDERSON, SAMUEL. Indiana, having removed there in 1814. During his residence in that Ile was a Representative in Con-, gress, from Pennsylvania, State, he filled many high and imgress, fom Pennsylvania, ffrom 1814 to 1815. portant offices; he was Secretary of the Convention which formed HENDERSON, THOMAS. the present Constitution of the State; the first and sole Reprelie was a graduate of Princeton sentative of Incliana, in Congress, College in 1761; was Judge of, n n from 1816 to 1822; Governor of the State from 1822 to 1825, when Delegate to the Continental Con-he he was elected a member of the gress, from l77Y 9 to 17 80; a lepgress, from 179 to 1780; a Rep- United States Senate, and served resentative, of New Jersey, in Conuntil 1837. le died in Madison, gress, under the Constitution, fro May 16 1850. 1795 to 1797; and was once Lieutenant-Governor of that State. HENLEY, THOMAS, Jht HENDRICKS, THOMAS A. He was born in Indiana, and was a Representative in Congress, He was born in ]Muskliinguim from that State, from 1843 to County, Ohio, September 7, 1819; 1847. was educated at South Hanover College; studied law and completed HENLEY, THOMAS J. his legal studies at Chambersburg, He was born in Ohio, and was a Pennsylvania, in 1843; settled in Representative in Congress, from Indiana, and practiced his profes- that State, from 1847 to 1849. sion with success; in 1848 he was chosen to the State Legislature, HENN, BERNHARDT. and declined a re-election; was an He was born in New York and active member of the Constitutional on emigrating to Iowa, he was Convention of 1850; and was a Convention of 1850; and was a elected a Representative in ConRepresentative in Congress, from gress, from that State, from 1853 Indiana, from 1851 to 1855; he to 1855. was appointed, by President Pierce, in 1855, Commissioner of the Gen- HENRY, JOHN. eral Land-office, in which he has He was a graduate of Princebeen continued by President Bu- ton College, in 1769; was for sevechanan, to the arduous duties of ral years, from 1778, a Delegate to which he is wholly devoted. the old Congress; a Senator in Congress under the Constitution, HENDRICKS, WILLIAM. from Maryland, from 1789 to 1797; Born in Westmoreland County and elected Governor of Maryland, Pennsylvania, in 1783. He was in the latter year. He died at Eastone of the early settlers of Madison, on, December, 1798. 236 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. HENRY, ROBERT P. HERNANDEZ, JOSEPH Mo. He was a Representative in Con- He was one of the prominent gress, from Kentucky, from 1823 to Spanish citizens who remained in 1827. the Territory of Florida at the time of its transfer to the United HENRY THOMAS. States; he was the first Delegate to Born in Ireland in 1785, and Congress, from Florida, and subsedied in Beaver County, Pennsyl- quently a leading member and prevania, July 27, 1849. He served siding officei of the Territorial Lehis adopted State, in Congress, gislature. At the breaking out of from 1837 to 1843. the Indian hostilities, he was made a brigadier-general in the United HENRY WILLIAM. States Service. [He was a man of He was born in New Hampshire, refined and elegant manners, reand having settled in Vermont, de- sided at St. Augustine, and died voted himself to mercantile pursuits; near Matanzas, Cuba, June 8, 1857, was for many years cashier of the at an advanced age. Bank of Bellow's Falls, where he resides; was elected a Representa- HEROD, WILLIAM. tive in Congress, from Vermont, He was a Representative in Confrom 1847 to 1853, accomplishing gress, from Indiana, from 1837 to much work, as a member of several 1839. committees. HERRICK, EBENEZER. HERBERT, JOHN C. He was a Representative in ConHe was a Representative in Con- gress, from Maine, from 1821 to gress, from Maryland, from 1815 to 1827, and died at Lewiston, in 1819. that State, May 7, 1839. HERBERT, PHILIP T. HERRICK, JOSHUA. He was born in Alabama, and He was a Representative in Conwas a [Representative in Congress, gress, from Maine, from 1843 to from California, from 1855 to 1857. 1845, and was a member of the Committee on Accounts. HERKIMER JOHN. Born in Herkimer County, New HERRICK, RICHARD P. York, in 1773; was for many years a Born in 1791, a man of remarkaJudge of the Circuit Court; and a ble business enterprise, and a mem[Representative in Congress, from ber of Congress, from New York, New York, from 1817 to 1819, and from 1845 to the time of his death, again from 1823 to 1825. Died at which occurred at Washington, Danube, New York, June 8, 1845, June 20, 1846. BIroRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 237 HERRICK, SAMUEL. and was a Representative in ConHe was born in Dutchess Coun- gress, from New Hampshire, from ty, New York, April 14,'179. 1847 to 1855. He read law at Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and was admitted to the bar in, JACOB. 1805; in 1810 he settled at Zanes- He was born in Lancaster, Pennville, Ohio, and was appointed Col- sylvania, and was a Representative lector of Taxes for that county; in Congress, from that State, from soon afterwards, Prosecuting At- 1819 to 1821. torney for the same county; and soon after that, by President Madi- HICKMAN, JOHN. son, was appointed United States Born in Chester County, PennDistrict Attorney for Ohio; in 1812 sylvania, September 11, 1810; is a he was appointed one of a Board lawyer by profession; and was of Commissioners, for settling the elected a Representative to the Northwestern boundary line; in Thirty-fourth Congress, from Pennthe autumn of that year, he succeed- sylvania, and re-elected to the ed Lewis Cass as Prosecuting At- Thirty-fifth, officiating as Chairman torney for Muskingum County; in of the Committee on Revolutionary 1814 he was appointed to the same Pensions. I-Ie has-also been electoffice in Licking County; and he ed to the Thirty-sixth Congress. was a Representative in Congress, from 1817 to 1821. After his se- HIESTER, ISAAC E. cond election, his seat was contest- He was born in Pennsylvania, ed by Charles Hammond, but the and was a Representative, in ConHouse sustained his claim. He gress, from that State, from 1853 was a Presidential Elector in 1828, to 1855. and in 1829 was appointed, by President Jackson, United States Dis- HILL, JOSHUA. trict Attorney for Ohio. The re- in Abbeville District maiuder of his life was spent in re- South Carolina, January 10, 1812; tirement, and he died in December, he had not a collegiate education; 1851. krbut studied law as a profession. ItEYWARD, WILLIAM H. He was elected a Representative Hee graduated at Princeton Col- to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and is lege in 1808, and was a Represen- member of the Committee on tative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1823 to 1825. HILL, CLEMENT S. HIBBARD, HENRY. He was born in Kentucky, and He was born in Vermont, gradu- was a Representative in Congress, ated at Dartmouth College in 1835, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. 238 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. HILL, HUGH L. W. surer at Boston, and in that year He was born in Tennessee, and established, in connection with his was a Representative in Congress, two eldest sons, IHill's New Rampfrom that State, froml 1847 to 1849. shire Patriot, which they published and edited until 1847, when that HILL, ISAAC. paper was united with the Patriot. He also published the Farmers' Born in Somerville, MassachuMonthly Visitor, an agfricultural setts, April 6, 1788. In 1798 his agricultural paper, for ten years; and during the parents remkloved to a farm in Ahsh- last fifteen years of his life devoted burnham, Massachusetts; his eduburt m, Mwassxchuetl histedu- much attention to agriculture. He cation was exceedingly limited, and died in ashington, District of at the age of fourteen he was ap- Columbia, March 22, 1851. prenticed in a printing-office, and in 1809, at the expiration of his apprenticeship, he went to Concord, New Hampshire, and pur- He was born in Virginia, and was chased the American Patriot, which a Representative in Congress, from was afterwards issued as The New that State, from 1839 to 1841. Hampshire Patriot, and became a paper of immense circulation and HILL, JOHN. influence during the twenty years Born in Stokes County, North of his editorship. During that time Carolina, served many years in the he was twice chosen Clerk of the Legislature of the State, was a ReState Senate; was once a PRepre- presentative in Congress, from 1839 sentative in the Legislature, and to 1841, and in 1850 held the posiwas elected a member of the State tion of Reading Clerk in the State Senate in 1820, 1821, 1822, and Senate. 1827. In 1828 he was a condidate for the United States Senate, but HILL, MARK L. not elected. In 1829 he was ap- He was born in York County, pointed, by President Jackson, Maine. From the year 1792 to the Second Comptroller of the Trea- close of his life, he had been almost sury, and held the office until April, constantly in the exercise of some 1830. He returned to New Hamp- public employment, either by popushire, and was elected by the Legis- lar election or executive appointlature United States Senator for ment. Though denied the advansix years,' from 1831. In 1836 tages of a liberal education, he he resigned his senatorship, being succeeded, by assiduous self-culture, elected Governor of New Hamp- in making himself useful to his shire, and re-elected in 1837 and country, and gaining honor to him1838. In 1840 he was appointed, self in the various posts of high reby President Van Buren, Sub-Trea- sponsibility to which he was suc BIO GRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 239 cessively elevated He was, at duated at Yale College in 1773; various periods, a member of the after due preparation, entered upon Senate and House of Representa- the practice of law; took an active tives of Massachusetts, a Judge part in the revolutionary struggle, of the Court of Common Pleas, and when New Haven was invaded member of Congress, from Massa- by the British, was commander of chusetts, from 1819 to 1821, Post- the Governor's Guards. He bemaster at Phipsburg, Maine, Col- came a IRepresentative in Congress lector of the port at Bath, and in 1791, and three years afterwards held several other town and county he was chosen a Senator of the offices. He was one of the Over- United States from Connecticut, seers of Bowdoin College from the and continued a distinguished memfirst, until 1821, when he became a ber for sixteen years. In 1810 he Trustee, in which office he continued resigned his seat in the Senate, and till his decease, and during the whole took the office of Commissioner of period of forty-nine years regularly the School Fund of Connecticut, attended every meeting except one. which he managed with great ability He died at Phipsburg, Maine, No- and fidelity for fifteen years; and in veimber 26, 1842, in the seventy-first 1825 he undertook to conduct the year of his age. construction of the Farmington and IILL, THOBMAS. X Hampshire Canal. He was chosen He wasILL, born inPensylvaa Treasurer of Yale College in 1782, He was born in Pennsylvania, and continued to hold the office and was a Representative in Con- until his death, having done much gress, from that State, from 1824 to promote the interests of that into 1826. stitution. He died at New Haven, HILL, WYILLIAM H. December 29, 1832. IHe was a Rlepresentative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1199 to 1803, and he was also ap- He was born in North Carolina, pointed Judge of the United States but spent his boyhood in South District Court for the District of Carolina, at the College of which North Carolina. State he graduated. He studied law, and settled in Georgia, but in IHILLEN, SOLO~MON, JR. j1836 became a citizen of Alabama, He was born in Maryland, and occupying for several years a prowas a Representative in Congress, fessorship in the University of that fronm that State, from 1839 to 1841.' State. In 1838 he was elected to the State Legislature, and in 1840 HIILHOUSE, JAMES. a Presidential Elector. In 1842 he He was born at Montville, Con- was appointed, by President Tyler, necticut, October 21, 1754; gra- Minister to Belgium; and was a 240 BIOGRAPHICAL SK:ETMCHES. Representative in Congress, from Jefferson County, Mississippi, AuAlabama, firom 1843 to 1851. He gust 23, 1840. has also been a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution, and has HINES, RICHARD. devoted some attention to the pur- le was born in North Carolina, suits of literature; a volume of his and was a Representative in Conspeeches was published in 1855. gress, from North Carolina, from 1825 to 1827. HILLYER, JUNIUS. He was born in Wilks County, HITCHCOCK, PETER. Georgia, April 23, 1807; graduated Born in Cheshire, Connecticut, at the State University at Athens October 19, 1780; and graduated in 1828; having studied his profes- at Yale College in 1801. He was sion while in college, he was admit- admitted to the bar in 1804, and ted to the bar within one week after commenced the practice of law in graduating; in 1834 he was elected his native town. In 1806 he reby the Legislature Solicitor-Gene- moved to Geauga County, Ohio, and ral for the Western District of the in 1810 he was elected to the GeneState; and he was a Representative ral Assembly of that State; fiom in Congress, fiom Georgia, fiom 1812 to 1816 he was a member of 1851 to 1855, during his second the State Senate, and President of term serving as Chairman of the that body one session. -Ie was a Committee on Private Land Claims. Representative in Congress, from In 1857 he was appointed, by Pre- 1817 to 1819, and then chosen sident Buchanan, Solicitor of the Judge of the Supreme Court of United States Treasury, which po- Ohio, for seven years; was re-elected sition he now holds. to the same office in 1826, and retired from the bench in 1852, after HIINDMAN, WILLIAM. a judicial service of twenty-eight He was a Delegate, from M{ary- years; having been for a portion of land, to the Continental Congress; that time Chief Justice. From a Representative in Congress, from 1833 to 1835 he was again a mem1792 to 1799; and a Senator in her of the State Senate, and once Congress during the years 1800 and again President. In 1850 he was 1801. He died January 26, 1822. a delegate to the Constitutional Convention of the State. He died HINDS, THOMAS. in Painesville, Ohio, May 11, 1853. Born about the year 1775; was a distinguished officer in the battle of HOAGLAND, MOSES. 2New Orleans; and a Representa- Hie was born in Ohio, and was a tive in Congress, from Mississippi, Representative in Congress, from from 1828 to 1831. He died in that State, from 1849 to 1851. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 241 HOAR, SAMUEL. and, at the time of his death, one of the Overseers of Harvard College; Born in Lincoln, Massachusetts, BorninLncol, Ms, the degree of Doctor of Laws hayMay 18, 1788. He graduated at n ing, in 1838, been conferred upon Cambridge in 1802, and was for.'. Cambidg in180, anhim by that institution. He died in two years thereafter a private tutor Concord, Massachusetts, November in Virginia. tie studied law with Artemas Ward, and was admitted to the bar in 1805, and opened an HOARD, CHARLES B. office in Concord. He soon attained Born in Springfield, Vermont, high rank, and was for forty yearse was a June 28, 1805; he was a mechanic, one of the most eminent and sucand for several years in early life a cessful practitioners in Mi'ddlesex clerk in a private land-office at AntCounty, as well as in the whole werp, New York. He was postState. -le was a member of the master under Presidents Jackson master under Presidents Jackson Convention for revising the State and Van Buren; justice of the peace Constitution in 1820; State Senator for several years; a member of the in 1825 and 1833; member of the Legislature of New York in 1838, Executive Councilin 1845 and 1846; and County Clerk of Jefferson State Representative in 1850; and New York, in 1844 1845 a Representative in ongress, from and 1846. He has been an active 1835 to 1837. In 1844 he was appolitician, and was elected a Represachusetts toe proeed Mtoe South sentative to the Thirty-fifth Consachusetts, to proceed to South Carolina and aid the colored citi- gress, serving on the Committee on Carolina and aid the colored citiExpenditures in the State Departzens of Massachusetts, imprisoned by the authorities of South Carolithe Thirty-sixth Congress. na, by testing, in the courts of the United States, the constitutionality HOBART AARON of the acts of South Carolina, authorizing the imprisonment of co- He was born in Plymouth Counlored persons who should enter thatty, Massachusetts, and was a ReState. His appearance in Charles- preentative in Congress, frothat ton caused great excitement, and he State, from 1821 to 1827. was expelled from that city by its HOBART, JOHN SLOSS. citizens, December 5, 1844.; the Legislature having passed resolutions He was Judge of the District on that day authorizing the Gover- Court of New York, and held nor to expel him. He was a mem- several important stations in that ber of various religious and charita- State during the revolutionary war; ble societies, of the American Aca- after which he was appointed one demy of Arts and Sciences, of the of the three judges of the SnMassachusetts Historical Society, preme Court. He was elected a 16 242 BIOG RAPHICAL SKETCHES. member of the United States Se- I HOFFMAN, MICHAEL. nate for the term commencing Jan- Born in the town of Clifton Park, uary, 1798, but resigned May 5, not atoga County, ew Yor, in,, v 2 Saratoga County, New York, in having taken his seat, and was then 1788. He was educated as a phyappointed Judge of the United sician, but afterwards studied law States District Court of New York. and settled in Herkimer County I-Ie died February 4, 1805, aged. 1-Ic died Febrsa. y 4, 1805, aged where he occupied a high position. sixty-six. IHe was elected to Congress in 1824, HOBBIE, SELAJI R. and continued a member for eight years, serving a portion of the time Borln in Newburg, New York, as Chairman of the Committee on March 10, 1797, and at an early Naval Affairs. He was appointed day established himself at Delhi, a Canal Commissioner for the State Delaware County, in the practice of of New York, wrote several able law, where he was soon appointed reports, and resigned the office in District Attorney and Brigade Ma- 1835. In 1841 he went into the jor and Inspector. He was a Re- House of Assembly, from Herkimer presentative in Congress, from 1827 County, and accomplished much to 1829, when, on the accession of good for the service and credit of General Jackson to the Presidency, his State. He was also a Delegate he was appointed Assistant Post- to the Constitutional Convention master-General, which he held until of 1846, and was Naval Officer in 1850, when he retired on account of the City of New York; he was a ill health, but assumed the duties of powerful and efective debater and the office under President Pierce. as a man, unselfish and of high chaHe died in Washington, District of racter. He died at Brooklyn, SepColumbia, March 23, 1854. tember 2, 1848. HODGES, JAMES L. HOFFIMAN, OGDEN. He was a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from He was born in New York City, 1827 to 1831. in 1794, and graduated at Columbia College in 1812; he soon after HOFFMAN, HENRY W. entered the navy as a midshipman, He was born in Maryland, and but in three years he resigned, and was a Representative in Congress, studied law. He commenced to from that State, from 1855 to 1857. practice in Orange County, and was appointed District Attorney, but HOFFMAN, MARTIN. removed to New York City in 1826, He was a Representative in Con- and was a partner of Hugh Maxgress, from New York, from 1825 well, and became eminently successto 1829. ful in his profession. In 1828 he BIOGRAPH I CAL SKETCHESe 243 was a Representative in the Legis- 1821, and was a Representative in lature; from 1829 to 1835 was Dis- Congress, from that State, from trict Attorney; and was-appointed 1823 to 1825. United States District Attorney, by President Harrison. From 1837 ItOGG, SAMUEL. to 1841 he was a Representative in He was a Representative in ConCongress, and was a member of the gress, from Tennessee, from 1817 to Committee on Foreign Affairs; he 1819. was re-elected in 1848, and in 1854 was appointed Attorney General of HOLCOMBE, G. E. the State. He was remarkable for lHe graduated at Princeton Colhis eloquence and learning; and for lege in 1805; was a Representative more than a quarter of a century in Congress, from New Jersey, occupied a high position at the bar from 1821 to 1828, and died in of New York. HIe died in that 1828. City,'May 1, 1856. HOLLADAY, ALEXANDEIR R. HOGANX, WILLIAM.. He was born in Virginia, and He was a Representative in Con- was a Representative in Congress, gress, from New York, from 1831 from that State, from 1849 to 1853, to 1833. and was Chairman, during his first term, of the Committee on ExpenHOGE, JOHN. ditures in the Navy Department. He was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1804 HOLLAND, CORNELIUS. to 1805. He was a Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 1831 to HOGEx, JOSEPH HR. /1833, serving on the Committee on He was born in Ohio, and, having Elections, as well as on the Comremoved to Illinois, was elected a mittee of Representation under the Representative in Congress, from Fifth Census. that State, from 1843 to 1847. HOLLAND, JAMES. HOGE, WILLIAM. He was a Representative in ConHe was a Representative in Con- gress, from North Carolina, from gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1801 1795 to 1797, and again from 1801 to 1804, and again from 1807 to to 1811. 1809. HOLLEMAN, JOEL. HOG-EBOOM, J. L. Born in the County of Isle of He was a member of the New Wight, Virginia, October 1, 1799; York Constitutional Convention of was educated at Chapel Hill, North 244 B I OGRAPH I CAL SK E TC H E S. Carolina; taught school for some HOLMES, DAVID. years, and then studied law, in the Ie was a Representative in Conpractice of which he was success- gress, from Virginia, from 1797 to ful; and was a Representative in 1809. Congress, from Virginia, from 1839 to 1841. He was subsequently in HOLMES, DAVID. the State Legislature for several He was a Senator of the United years, and Speaker of the House States, from Mississippi, serving when he died, August, 1844. from 1820 to 1825, having previously been appointed Governor of HOLLEY, JOHN AI. that Territory. He died August He graduated at Yale College 20, 1832. in 1822; was a member of the New York Assembly, from 1838 to 1841; and elected a Representative in Born in Fletcher, Vermont, May Congress, from New York, from 27, 1807. He commenced life as a 1847 to 1848. He died at Jack- teacher, and at the age of twenty sonville, Florida, March 8, 1848, emigrated to Monroe County, New before the expiration of his term. York, where he studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1830. HOLLOWAY, D. P. He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1845 Born in Waynesville, Warren County, Ohio, December 6, 1809, but removed with his parents to HOLMES, GABRIEL. Cincinnati in 1813. In 1823 he A Representative in Congress, went to Richmond, Indiana, and from North Carolina, from 1825 to learned the printing business, and 1829. He was born in Sampson subsequently served four years in County of that State, educated at th e off the Cincinnati Ga- Harvard University, and was a lawzett. He commenced thepublica- yer by profession. He was in the tion of the ]ichsnond Palladium State Senate in 1807, and Governor in 1832, and is still the editor. In of the State in 1821. 1843 he was elected to the lower branch of the State Legislature of HOLMES, ISAAC E. Indiana, and in 1844 to the State Born in Charleston, South CaroSenate, serving nine years. In 1855 lina, April 5, 1796; educated at he was elected a Representative in the best schools of his native city, Congress, and was Chairman of the and graduated with honors, at Yale Committee on Agriculture, during College, in 1815; he studied law that term. He was eight years and was admitted to the bar in President of the Agricultural So- 1818, in Charleston. He was one ciety of Wayne County. of the originators of the "South BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 245 Carolina Association;" and was HOLSEY, HOPKINS. elected to the State Legislature in He was born in Virginia, and 1826. For a time he devoted him1826. For a time he devoted him- was a Representative in Congress, self to planting, but his most dis- from Georgia, from 1836 to 1839. tinguished public service was as a Representative in Congress, from HOLT, ORRIN. South Carolina, from 1839 to 1851, He was born in Connecticut and during which period he served with was a Representative in Cong was a Representative in Congress, ability at the head of the Commit- from that State, from 183 z to 1839. tees of Commerce and the Navy, and also on that for Foreign Af- HOLTEN, SAMUEL. fairs. He subsequently took up his residence in California. residence in California. Born in IDanvers, Massachusetts, June 9, 1738, and was bred a physician. During the Revolution he HOLMES, JOHN. zealously espoused the cause of his A Representative in Congress, country, and was a member of the old Congress from 1778 to 1787, from Massachusetts, from 1817 to old Cogress from 1 1820, and a Senator from Maine officiating, at one time, as its Presi1820, and a Senator, from lMlaine, fromn 1820 to 1833. HIle was a dent. He was a Representative, member of the Convention to form under the Constitution, from 1793 to 1795; and spent the closing the Constitution of the State of to 195; and spent the closing years of his life as Judge of Pro_Maine, and acted as Chairman of the omittee tat drafted the bate for Essex County, and died the Committee that drafted the document. He also served in the January 2, 1816. Legislatures of Maine and Massa- HOUCK, JACOB, J,. chusetts. He was born on Cape Cod, and died July 7, 1843, in Port- He was born in New York, and land, aged abot seventy years, hold- was a Representative in Congress, land, aged about seventy years, holding, at the time, the office of United States District Attorney for Maine. HOOK, ENOS. He was a prominent member of the bar for forty years, and was distin- He was born in Pennsylvania, guished for his eloquence and wit. and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 1841. HOLMES, URIEL. He graduated at Yale College in HOOKS, CHARLES. 1784, and Was a Representative in Born in Bertie County, North Congress, from Connecticut, from Carolina, served for many years in 1817 to 1818, when he resigned. the State Legislature, and was a He died in 1827. Representative in Congress during 246 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. the years 1816 and 1817, and from he removed to Kentucky in 1797, 1819 to 1825. He subsequently and served a number of years in removed to Alabama, where he died the State Legislature; in 1812 led in 1851. two thousand troops against the Kickapoo Indians; and was a ReHOPKINS, GEORGE W. presentative in Congress, from KenBorn in Goochland County, Vir- tucky, from 1813 to 1815. He ginia, February 22, 1804. He was died at an advanced age. educated at the " old field schools " of that day, and, for some years, HOPKINS, SAMUEL iM. alternately taught school and stu- He graduated at Yale Coldied law. During the years 1833 lege in 1791, and was a Repreand 1834, he served in the House of sentative in Congress, from New Delegates, and was elected a Re- York, from 1813 to 1815. He was presentative in Congress, in 1835, an eminent lawyer, and much reand was re-elected until 1847, spected as a philanthropist and a serving during one session as Christian. He died at Geneva, Speaker of the House of Repre- New York, October 8, 1837, aged sentatives, after which he was ap- sixty-five years. pointed, by President Polk, Charge d'Affaires of the United States to HOPKINSON, JOSEPH. Portugal. On his return from EuBorn in Philadelphia, Pennsylvarope, in 1849, he went a second nia, November 12, 1770; was edutime into the House of Delegates nia, November 12, 10 cated at the university of his native of Virginia, and was elected Speaker, oteHue HwState, from which institution, as cr of the House.:He was subsewell as from Nassau Hall and Harquently elected a Judge of the Cirvard University, he subsequently cult Court, and, in 1857, was rer, an, i, w received the degree of LL.D. He elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, studied law, and commenced to where he succeeded Hon. Thomas practice at the age of twenty, at L. Clingman as Chairman of the Easton, and afterwards at PhiladelCommittee on Foreign Relations. phia, and became eminent in his profession. He was the leading HOPKINS, SAMUEL. counsel of Dr. Rush, in his famous He was born in Albemarle Coun- suit against William Cobbett, in ty, Virginia; he served with dis- 1799, and was also engaged by tinction in the revolutionary war, Judge Chase, in his impeachment having fought at Princeton, Tren- case before the United States Seton, Monmouth, Brandywine, and nate. In 1815 he was a ReGermantown, and also, as lieute- presentative in Congress, and nant-colonel of a Virginia regi- served until 1819, after which he ment, at the siege of Charleston; resided in Bordentown, New Jer BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCR E S. 247 sey, until appointed, by President law, under Honorable James A. John Quincy Adams, Judge of the Bayard, and rose to eminence in his District Court of the United States profession. He was for many years for the Eastern District of Pennsyl- Attorney-General of the State, and vania, when he returned to Phila- was a Senator in Congress, from delphia and held this office until Delaware, from 1810 to 1821. He his death. In 1837 he was a mem- died at Needwood, Maryland, June ber of the Constitutional Conven- 9, 1842. tion of the State; was one of the Trustees of the University of Penn- HORTON, THOMAS R. sylvania; was President of the PhiHe was born in New York, and ladelphia Academy of Fine Arts, was a Representative in Congress, and Vice-President of the Ameri- X from that State, from 1855 to 1857. can Philosophical Society. He published many interesting adHORTON, VALENTINE B. dresses, and wrote the song " Hail, Columbia." He died at Philadel- He was born at Windsor, Verphia, January 15, 1842. mont, January 29, 1802; was educated at Partridge's Military AcaHEREFORD, JEDEDIAH. demy, in that State; and after that institution was removed to MiddleHe was born in Vermont, and town, Connecticut, he became a having removed to New York, was teacher therein. He studied law at elected a Representative in Con- Middletown, and was admitted to gress, from that State, from 1851 the bar in 1830, after which he reto 1853. moved to and practiced his profesHORnN, HENRY. sion in Pittsburgr. He removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1833, where He was a Representative in Con- he followed his profession for two gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1831 years, and in 1835 removed to to 1833. Pomeroy, Ohio, his present residence, where he engaged in mining HORNBECK, JOHN W. and manufacturing. He was a Hle was a member of the House member of the Ohio Constitutional of Representatives in Congress, Convention of 1850, and in 1854 from Pennsylvania, from 1847 to he was elected a Representative to 1848, and died at Allentown, Penn- the Thirty-fourth Congress, and sylvania, January 16, 1848. was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth, his business affairs causing him to HERSEY, OUTERBRIDGE. decline a nomination for the next Hle was a native of Delaware, Congress. He is at present a and born in 1777; after completing member of the Committee on Posthis classical education he studied offices and Post-roads. 248 BIOGRAPHICAL SIKETOHES. HOSMER, HEZEKIAH L. was again elected to Congress, in He was a Representative in Con- 1851, and has been regularly regress, from New York, from 1197 elected to the present time, serving to 1199. on several of the leading committees, and officiating at the present time HOSTELER, JACOB. as Chairman of the Committee on He was born in York, Pennsyl- the Judiciary. vania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from HOUSTON, JOHN W. 1819 to 1821. Born in Sussex County, Delaware; studied at Newark AcadeHOUGH, DAVID. my, and graduated at Yale College He was a Representative in Con- in 1834. He studied law with Hon. gress, from New Hampshire, from John M. Clayton, and was admitted 1803 to 1807. to the bar in 1837. Hie was Secretary of State in 1841; and a ItOUGH, WILLIAM J. Representative in Congress, from He was born in New York; Delaware, from 1845 to 1851. served in the Assembly of that State, in 1835 and 1836; and was HOUSTON, SAMUEL. a Representative in Congress, from Born in Rockbridge County, VirNew York, from 1845 to 1847. ginia, March 2, 1793. He lost his father when quite young, and his HOUSTON, GEORGE S. mother removed with her family to He was born in Williamson the banks of the Tennessee, at that County, Tennessee, but removed, time the limit of civilization. Here when quite young, to the Fifth Con- he received but a scanty education; gressional District of Alabama, he passed several years among the where he was educated and has Cherokee Indians, and in fact, since resided. Soon after attaining through all his life, he seems to the age of twenty-one he was have held opinions with Rousseau, elected to the Alabama Legislature, and retained a predilection for life and served two sessions; he was in the wilderness. After having also, for a time, Attorney for the served for a time as clerk to a State, or Solicitor; and was a country trader, and kept a school, second time elected to the Legisla- in 1813 he enlisted in the army, and ture. He was elected a Represen- served under General Jackson, in tative to Congress, in 1841, and the war with the Creek Indians. continued to serve, by successive He distinguished himself on seelections, until 1849, when he volun- veral occasions, and at the contarily retired, for the purpose of clusion of the war he had risen to resuming the practice of law. He the rank of lieutenant, but soon re BIOGRAPHICAL SK E T C H E S. 249 signed his commission and com- General Houston. He conducted menced the study of law at Nash- the war with vigor, and finally ville. It was about this time that brought it to a successful terhe began his political life. After rmination by the battle of San Jaholding several minor offices in cinto, which was fought in April, Tennessee, he was, in 1823, elected 1836. In May, 1836, he signed a to Congress, and continued a mem- treaty, acknowledging the indepenber of that body until, in 1827, he dence of Texas, and in October of became Governor of the State of the same year he was inaugurated Tennessee. In 1829, before the ex- the first President of the Republic. piration of his gubernatorial term, At the end of his term of office, as he resigned his office, and went to the same person could not constitutake up his abode among the Che- tionally be elected President twice rokees in Arkansas. During his in succession, he became a member residence among the Indians, he of the Texas Congress. In 1841, became acquainted with the frauds however, he was again elevated to practiced upon them by the govern- the Presidential chair. During the ment afgents, and undertook a mis- whole time that he held that office sion to Washington for the purpose it was his favorite policy to effect of exposing them. In the execu- the annexation of Texas to the tion of this project, he met with United States, but he retired from but little success; he became in- office before he saw the consummavolved in lawsuits, and returned to tion of his wishes. In 1844 Texas his Indian friends. During a visit became one of the States of the to Texas, he was requested to allow Union, and General Houston was his name to be used in the canvass, elected to the Senate, of which for a Convention which was to body he is still a member, serving meet to form a Constitution for on the Committee on Indian Affairs. Texas, prior to its admission into the Mexican union. HIe consented, HOWARD, BENJAMIN. and was unanimously elected. The He was a Representative in ConConstitution drawn up by the Con- gress, from Kentucky, from 1807 to vention was rejected by Santa 1810, when he was appointed GoAnna, at that time in power, and vernor of Indiana Territory. lHe the disaffection of the Texans was appointed Brigadier-General in caused thereby was still further the United States army in 1813; heightened by a demand upon them and was once Governor of Missouri to give up their arms. They de- Territory. He died at St. Louis, termined upon a resistance; a mi- Missouri, September 18, 1814. litia was organized, and Austin, the founder of the colony, was elected HOWARD. BENJAMIN C. commander-in-chief, in which office He was born in Maryland; grahe was shortly after succeeded by duated at Princeton College in 250 BIO GRAPHICAL SKETC HES. 1809; and was a Representative the swords of seven officers, who in Congress, from Maryland, from had surrendered to him personally. 1829 to 1833, and again from 1835 I On this occasion he saved the life to 1839. of the British General O'Hara,whom he found clinging to his stirrup and HOWARD, JACOB M. asking quarter. When the army IH-e Rwas one of the earliest emi- was disbanded he retired to his pagrants to the State of Michigan, trimonial estate near Baltimore. In 1788 he was chosen Governor of where he devoted himself to the practice of law, and was a Repre- Maryland, and held the office three sentative in Congress, from that years. He was a Senator of the State, from 1841 to 1843. He is United States, from Maryland, from 1796 to 1803. He died October at the present time Attorney-Gene- 1796 to 1803. He died October ral for the State of Michigan. 12, 182I. HOWARD, JOHN EAGER. HOWARD, TILGHMAN A. He was born June 4, 1752, in Bal- Born near Pickensville, South timore County, Maryland; and gra- Carolina, November 14, 1797. He duated at Princeton College. He received a limited education, and entered the army in 1776, as a cap- commenced active life as a clerk in tain in the regiment of Colonel J. a store, and as a schoolmaster; reC. Hall; in the following year he moved to Tennessee, and devoted was promoted, till finally he suc- himself to the law; when twentyceeded to the command of the Se- seven years of age was elected a cond Maryland Regiment. He was member of the Tennessee Legislaan efficient coadjutor of Greene ture; was a Jackson Elector in during the campaign in the South, 1830; during that year removed to distinguishing himself at the battle Indiana, and was appointed, by Preof Cowpens, when, says Lee, "he sident Jackson, District Attorney seized the critical moment, and for that State; and was appointed turned the fortune of the day;" also Charge d'Affaires to Texas in 1844, at Guilford, and the Eutaws. He in which Republic he died August was in the engagement of White 16, 1844. His term of service as a Plains, Germantown, Monmouthl, Representative in Congress' from Camden, and Hobkirk's Hill. Hav- Indiana, was from 1839 to 1841. ing been trained to the infantry service, he was remarkably apt at HOWARD VOLNEY E charging into close battle with fixed bayonet; at Cowpens this mode of He was born in Maine, and havfighting was resorted to for the first ing emigrated to Texas, was elected time in the war, and in this battle a Representative in Congress, from he had in his hands at one time that State, from 1849 to 1853. BI O GRAP H ICAL SKETCHES. 251 HOWARD, WILLIAM A. IHOWELL, NATHANIEL W. He was born in Vermont, and He was a Representative in Conhaving taken up his residence in gress, from New York, from 1813 Michigan, was elected a Represen- to 1815, and died at Canandaigua, tative from that State to the Thirty- New York, October 10, 1851, aged fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, eighty-one years. and is a member of the Committee of Ways and Means. ROWLAND, BENJAMIN. He was a Senator in Congress, from Rhode Island, from 1804 to HIe was born in New Hampshire, 1809, and died in May, 1821. and having settled in Pennsylvania, was elected a Representative in HUBBARD, DAVID. Congress, from 1849 to 1853. He was born in Virginia, and HOWE, THOMAS M. was a Representative in Congress, from Alabama, from 1839 to 1841, He was born in Vermont, and and for a second term from 1849 to having settled in Pennsylvania, was 1851. elected a Representative in Congress, from 1851 to 1855. HUBBARD, EDMUND W. HOWE, THOMAS Y., JR. He was born in Virginia, and IHe was a native of New York, was a Representative in Congress, and was a Representative in Con- from that State, from 1841 to 184Y. gress, from that State, from 1851 HUBBARD HENRY. to 1853. He was born in Charlestown, HOWELL, EDWARD. New Hampshire, May 3, 1784; He was a member of the New graduated at Dartmouth College in York Assembly in 1832, and a Re- 1803; studied law, and commenced presentative in Congress, from that practice in Charlestown. HIe came State, fiom 1833 to 1835 early into public life. I-e was frequently a member of the State HOWELL, ELIAS. Legislature, and for some years He was born in New Jersey, and Speaker of the H-louse. Hie was having taken up his residence in Judge of Probate for Sullivan Ohio, was elected a Representative County, from 1827 to 1829; a Rein Congress, from 1835 to 1831. presentative in Congress, from 1829 to 1835; and a Senator in ConHOWELL, JEREMIAH B. gress, from 1835 to 1841. I-e was He was a Senator in Congress, also Governor of New Hampshire, from Rhode Island, from 1811 to in 1842 and 1843; and from 1846 1817. to 1849 United States Assistant 252 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH-ES. Treasurer, in Boston. For a part education, and assisted in the estaof the time, during the Twenty- blishment of the City High School eighth Congress, he was chosen at Middletown. Speaker of the House of Representatives. He died at Charles- HUBBARD, THOAIS H. ~town, New Hampshire, June 5, He was a native of New Haven, 1857. Connecticut, and a graduate of Yale College in 1798. He studied law, HUBBARD, JONATHAN H. and settled at Hamilton, Madison Born in 1768. He was one of County, New York, and was there the oldest and most esteemed citi- Surrogate for ten years. In 1823 zens of Vermont, and was distin- he removed to Utica, and was a guished as a jurist; he was a Representative in Congress, from Representative in Congress, from lNew York, from 1817 to 1819, and 1809 to 1811, and for many years from 1821 to 1823. He was chosen was one of the Judges of the Su- Presidential Elector in 1812, 1844, preme Court of Vermont. His and 1852. He died in Utica, May death occurred, wvhere most of his 22, 1857, aged seventy-six years. life was spent, at Windsor, Vermont, September 20, 1849. HUBBELL, WILLIAM S. He was born in New York; was HUBBARD, LEVI. a member of the Assembly of that IHe was a Representative in Con- State in 1841, and a Representagress, from Massachusetts, from tive in Congress, from the same, 1813 to 1815. from 1843 to 1845. HUBBARD, SAMUEL DICKINSON. HUBLEY, EDWARD B. Born at Middletown, Connecti- From 1835 to 1839 a Represencut, August 10, 1799, and died at tative in Congress, from Pennsylthe same place, October 8, 1855. vania, and died February 23, 1856, Graduated at Yale College in 1819, in Philadelphia. studied law, but did not practice, devoting himself chiefly to the ma- HUDSON, CHARLES. nufacturing business. He served Born in Marlborough, Massachuas a Representative through the setts, November 14, 1795. He Twenty-ninth and Thirtieth Con- spent his youth as a student in a gresses. In 1852 he was appointed village school, and also as a teacher, Postmaster-General, and held the and at the age of twenty-one was a office until the close of President day laborer on a farm. In 1819 he Fillmore's administration, after was licensed as a preacher of the which he retired to private life. Universalist persuasion, and conHe was zealous in the cause of tinnued in charge of a parish until BIO G RAPHICAL S K E TCHES. 253 elected to Congress, in 1841, where HUGHES, JAMES. he remained until 1849. He was He was born at Hampstead subsequently appointed to a local Maryland, November 24, 1823, and office in Massachusetts, by the Fe- was educated at the State Univercderal Government. isity of Indiana.. He began the practice of law at Bloomington, Indiana, in 1842; was appointed Ile was a Representative in Con- first lieutenant of the 16th Regigress, fron New Jersey, from 1809 ment of United States infantry, to 1814. one of the ten regiments in the Mexican war, and served till the HUGER, BENJAMIN. I-lUGER, BENJAMIN. close of the war, and then returned He was a Representative in Con- to the practice of law in Bloominggress, from South Carolina, from ton. Hie was elected Circuit Judge, 1799 to 1805, and for a second in 1852, for six years; in 1853 was term, from 1815 to 1817. elected Professor of Law in the University of Indiana, and served HUGER, DANIEL. three years. Hle was elected a ReHe was a member of the Conti- presentative, from Indiana, in the nental Congress, and a IBepresenta- Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a tive in the Congress of the United member of the Committee on TerStates, from South Carolina, from ritories. 1789 to 1793. HUGHES, JAMES lM. HUGER, DANIEL ELLIOT. lie was a native of Kentucky, Was a citizen of Charleston, South and a Representative in Congress, Carolina; graduated at Princeton from Missouri, from 1843 to 1845. College in 1789; and for nearly half a century was identified with HUGHES, THOMAS H. the public service of his State, as a I-e was a Representative in Conmember of the Legislature, State gress, from New Jersey, from 1829 Senate, and Judge of her courts; to 1833. and was a Senator in Congress, fromn 1843 to 1846. He died in HUGHSTON, JONAS A. Charleston, in August, 1854. He was born in New York, and was a Representative from that HUGHES, CHARLES. State to the Thirty-fourth ConHie was born in Georgia, and gress. having settled in New York, was elected a Representative in Con- HUGUENIN, DANIEL. gress, from that State, from 1853 lie was distinguished as an officer to 1855. in the war of 1812, and participa 254 BIO GRAPHICAL SKrETCHES. ted in the stirring events on the gress, from Virginia, from 1813 to Niagara frontier, and the battle of 1817. He died at Twiford, in Queenstown, with General Scott, Westmoreland County, December where he was taken prisoner. He 21, 1833, aged seventy-four years. was a member of Congress, from New York, from 1825 to 1827, and HUNGERFORD, ORVILLE. a member of the New York Legis- He was born in Connecticut, and lature, and at a later period United was a Representative in Congress, States Marshal for the Territory of from New York, from 1843 to 1847. Wisconsin, under an appointment from President Harrison. He died HUNT, HIRAM P. at Kenosha, Wisconsin, June, 1850, He was horn in New York, and aged fifty-nine. was a Representative in Congress, HUIMPHREY, CHARLES. from that State, from 1835 to 1837, and again from 1839 to 1843. He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1825 HUNT, JAMES B. to 1827, and subsequently served tie was a native of New York, four years in the Assembly of that State —one year as Speaker. le with Michael eoffman. He rewith Michael Hoffman. H[e redied at Albany, July 18, 1850, died at Albany, July 18, 1850, moved to Michigan about the time aged fifty-nine years. of its admission into the Union, and HUMPHREY, REUBEN. was soon called to responsible public trusts. He was a member of He was for four years a Senator Congress, from Michigan, from 1843 in the Legislature of New York,. to 1847. He died in Washington, from Onondaga County, and a ReAugust 15, 1857, aged fifty-eight presentative in Congress, from that years. State, from 1807 to 1809. HUMPHREYS, JACOB. HUNT, JONATHAN. Hle was a ]Representative in Con- IHe represented the State of Vergress, from Pennsylvania, from 1819 mont in Congress, from 1827 to to 1821. 1832, serving on the Committee on Public Lands, and died at WashHUMPHREYS, PERRY W. ington, May 14, of the latter year. He was a Representative in Con- He was a graduate of Dartmouth gress, from Tennessee, from 1813 College in 1807. to 1815. HUNT, SAMUEL. HUNGERFORD, JOHN P. I[e was a Representative in ConHe was an officer in the revolu- gress, from New Hampshire, from tionary war, and a member of Con- 1802 to 1805. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, 255 HUNT, T G. versity of Virginia; adopted the proHe was a Representative in the fession of law; served three years in Thirty-third Congress, from South the State Legislature; and was first Carolina, of which State he was a elected a Representative in Connative. gress, from his native State, in 1837, when he served two terms, and was HUNT, WASHINGTON. re-elected in 1845, officiating durBorn at TWindham, Green Coun- ing the Twenty-sixth Congress as ty, New York, Anugust 5, 1811. Speaker. In 1847 he was elected At the age of eighteen he entered a Senator in Congress for a long upon the study of law, and was ad- re-elected for the term mitted to the bar at Lockport in ending in 1859. At the present 1834. In 1836 he was appointed he is Chairman of the Coifirst Judge of Niagara County, and mittee on Finance, and a member was a Representative in Congress, of the Committees on the Library from 1843 to 1849, serving during and on the Pacific Railroad. his last term as Chairman of the WILLIAM. Committee on Commerce. In 1849 He was a Representative in Conhe was elected Comptroller of New gress, from Vermont, from 1817 to York, and, in 1850, Governor of 1819 the State. Since that time he has lived in retirement upon a hand- I-IUNTER, WILLIAM. some farm near Lockport, dividing Born at Newport, Rhode Island, his attention between his friends, November 23 1775; graduated at his books, and the pursuits of hortBrown University in 1 791; went to London, and studied medicine, but HUNTER, JOHN. soon changed to the law, and entered at the Inner Temple in London; and He was a Representative in Con- on his return to Newport, at the gress, from South Carolina, from age of twenty-one, was admitted to 1793 to 1795, and a Senator in Con- the bar. In 1799 he was a Repregress, from that State, from 1795 sentative in the General Assembly to 1796. of Rhode Island, and re-elected at different periods from that time to HUNTER, NARSWORT HY. the year 1811, when he was chosen He was a Delegate in Congress, a Senator in Congress, and held his from the Territory of Mississippi, seat till 1821. His speeches, espefrom 1801 to 1802. ciallythose on the acquisition of Florida, and the Missouri Compromise, HUNTER, R. MI. T. won him a high reputation as a saHe was born in Essex County, gacious statesman and finished oraVirginia; was educated at the Uni- tor. In 1834 he was Charge to 2-5C BBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Brazil, an office which was, in East Hampton, May 18, 1858, aged 1842, raised to a full mission, and eighty-two years. he was continued as Minister till 1845, when he retired from public HUNTINGTON, BENJAMIN. life, and resided at Newport until his death, which occurred December Was a native of Norwich, Con3, 1849. necticut; graduated atYale College in 1761, and practiced law in his HUNTER, WILLTA M F. native town. He was a Judge of He was born in Alexandria, Vir- the Superior Court of the State, ginia, December 10, 1808; had few from 1793 to 1798, and was a memeducational advantages; practiced her of the Continental Congress, the trade of a cabinet-maker until from 1780 to 1784, also from 1787 1840; and having studied law, re- to 1788; and a Representative in moved to Ohio, and was a Repre- Congress, under the Constitution, sentative in Congress, from that from1789 to 1791. He was Mayor of State, from 1849 to 1853; since Norwich for twelve years, and he which time he has devoted himself died in 1800. to his profession. HUNTER, WILLIAM G. HUNTINGTON, EBENEZEB. He was born in New York, and Hle was born in Norwich, Conwas a Representative in Congress, necticut, and died there in May, from that State, from 1843 to 1844. 1834, aged ninety-seven years. He graduated at Yale College in 1775; HUNTER, WILLIAM H. joined the army the same year as a He was a Representative in Con- volunteer; was soon commissioned gress, from Ohio, from 1837 to as a lieutenant; in 1776 he was ap1839. pointed a captain, and also deputy adjutant-general; in 1777 a major; HUNTINGTON, ABEL. in 1779 a lieutenant-colonel; and He was born in Norwich, Con- he was present at the surrender of necticut, but at an early age re- Cornwallis, at Yorktown. He was moved to East Hampton, Long twice elected to Congress, from Island, and for sixty years was a Connecticut, serving from 1810 to practicing physician. He was a 1811, and again from 1817 to 1819. Representative in Congress, from In 1799 he was, at the recommenNew York, from 1833 to 1837. He dation of Washington, appointed was Collector of Sag Harbor, under a brigadier-general in the army President Polk; and member of raised by Congress, when expectathe New York Constitutional Con- tions were entertained of a war vention of 1846. He died at with France. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 257 HUNTINGTON, JABEZ W. IMLAY, JAMES H. Born in Norwich, Connecticut, He graduated at Princeton ColNovember 8, 1788, and graduated lege in 1786; was for a time tutor at Yale College in 1806. He in that institution; and was a Restudied law at Litchfield, and cornm- presentative in Congress, from New menced to practice there, where he Jersey, from 1797 to 1801. remained thirty years. In 1828 he was elected to the State Legisla- INGE, SAMUEL W. ture, and in 1829 was a Representa- e was born in North Carolina,'.e was born in North Carolina, tive in Conress which office he tieiCn whico and on removing to Alabama, was filled until 1834, when he removed elected a Representative in Conto Norwich, and became a Judge to Norwich, and became a Judge gress, from that State, from 1847 of the Supreme Court of Errors, to 1851. and was chosen a Judge of the Siuperior Court of his State. He was INGE, TILLIAM M. a Senator in Congress, from 1840,-Ie was born in Tennessee, and until his death, which occurred at was Norwich, November 1, 1847. was a Representative in Congress,, from that State, from 1833 to 1835. HUNTSMAN, ADAM. INGERSOLL, CHARLES J. He was a native of Virginia, and -lewaa-natve ofViri, a Born in Philadelphia, October 3, a Representative in Congresslphi, October 3, Tennessee, fnrom 1835 to 1n837. 1782; received a liberal education; was a Representative in Congress, HUYLER, JOHN. from Pennsylvania, from 1813 to He was born in ~New York,~ an~d 1815, when he was appointed United States District Attorney for having become a citizen of New Pennsylvania. He was afterwards Jersey, was elected a Representa- Pennsylvania. e was afterwards tive to the Thirty-fifth Congress, reelected a Representative in Congress, from 1841 to 1847, servfrom that State, and is a member of t e ing as Chairman of the Committee the Committee on Agriculture. on Foreign Affairs. He has pubHYNEMAN, JOHN M. lished a "IHistory of the Second American War with Great BriHe was a Representative, in Contain, and several other works of gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1811 minor importance. Lo'81.. minor importance. to 1813. IHRIE, PETER. INGERSOLL, COLIN M. He was a native of Pennsylva- He was born in Connecticut, and nia., and was a Representative in was a Representative, in Congress, Congress, from that State, from from that State, from 1851 to 1829 to 1833. 1855. 17 258 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. INGERPSOLL, JOSEPH R. the Senate and House of Representatives of Connecticut, three years Born in Philadelphia, graduated at Yale College in 1804; is a law- as Speaker, andwas one yearClerkof the House; he was appointed in yer by profession, and was a Repreentative in Congre, from Penn- 1837, by the State, an agent to pro-'sentative in Congress, from Pennlvania, from 1835 to 1837, and secute certain claims against the sylvania, from 1835 to 1832, and from 1842 to 1849, and for a time United States, nd was successful and in 1857 he was appointed, by Chairman of the Judiciary ComP r esident Buchanan, Commissioner mittee. He was appointed, by President Fillmore, Minister to Eng- of Customs, which office e now land. holds. In 1854 he was a candidate land. for the office of United States INGERSOLL, RALPH I. Senator, and received the entire vote of his party in the Legislature, -Ie was horn in Connecticut; but Senator Foster was elected. graduated at Yale College in 1808; was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1825 to 1833, INGHAM, SAMUEL D. and was appointed, by President He was born in Pennsylvania, Polk, Minister Plenipotentiary to and was a Representative in ConRussia. gress, from 1813 to 1818, and from 1822 to 1829, when he was apINGRAMB~VI, SA;MUEL. pointed, by President J. Q. Adams, He was born in Hebron, Connec- Secretary of the Treasury. ticut, September 5, 1793; received a good English education in Vermont, and studied law in Connecti- IREDELL, JAMES. cut, having been admitted to the bar Born in Chowan County, North in 1815; anld in 1817 he settled at Carolina, in 1788. He was for Saybrook, which has since been his several years in the Legislature of home. From 1827 to 1835 he was that State, part of the time Speaker States Attorney for the County of of the House; in 1812 commanded Middlesex, and again in 1843 and a company of volunteers, who went 1844; he was a Judge of Probate to Norfolk, to repel the British; from 1829 to 1833; Judge of the in 1819 he was appointed Judge of Middlesex County Court from 1.849 the Superior Court; in 1827 was to 1853; and was a Representative elected Governor of North Caroin Congress, from Connecticut, lina; and was a Senator in Confrom 1835 to 1839, having officiated gress, from 1828 to 1831. Toward as Chairman of the Committee on the close of his life he was Re[Naval Affairs, and as a member of porter of the Decisions of the Suthe Committee on Commerce. He preme Court, and died at Edenton, also served a number of years. in April 13, 1853. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 259 IRVIN, ALEXANDER. IRVINE, WILLIAM W. He was born in Pennsylvania, He was a member of the State and was a Representative in Con- Legislature of Ohio, and Judge of gress, from that State, from 1847 to the Supreme Court of the State, 1849. and a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1829 to 1833. In IRVIN, JAMES. 1843 he was appointed Charge lie was born in Pennsylvania, d'Affaires to Denmark. Hle died and was a Representative in Con- at Lancaster, Ohio, April, 1842. gress, from that State,from 1841 to 1845. IRVING, WILLIAM. IRVINE, WILLIAM. He was a merchant of New York City, and a Representative in ConBorn in Ireland; educated for the gress, from 1814 to 1819, and a medical profession; served as sur- e of the Committee of aomember of the Committee of Coingeon on board of a British ship, in the war which began in 1754, and a brother of Washington Irving after the peace of 1763 settled at for whose "Salagundi" he wrote Carlisle, Pennsylvania. In 174 he several papers. several papers. was a member of the State Convention; in 1776 he served in Canada, and accompanied Colonel Thompson IRWIN, JARED. from Sorelle, to dislodge the enemy He was a member of the Confrom Trois Rivieres; but was taken vention which adopted the Constiprisoner, June 16, and remained as tution of 1789; was Governor of such at Quebec until exchanged in Georgia, from 1796 to 1798, and 11778. On his release he was pro- also from 1806 to 1809. Hle remoted to the command of the Second moved to Pennsylvania, and was a Pennsylvania Regiment, and in 17 81 Representative in Congress, from the defence of the Northwestern that State, from 1813 to 1817, and frontier was intrusted to him, and died March 1, 1818, aged sixtyhe attained the rank of major-ge- eight years. neral. He was a Representative in Congress, after the war, from 1793 IRWIN, THOMAS. to 1795. He was a Commissioner He was born in Pennsylvania, during the Whisky Insurrection of and was a Representative in Con1794, and removed shortly after to gress, from 1829 to 1831, and was Philadelphia, and was appointed in the latter year appointed, by Superintendent of Military Stores. President Jackson, United States HEe died July 30, 1804, aged sixty- Judge of the Western District of three years. Pennsylvania. 2600 BO GRAP H I CAL SK E T C H E S. IRWIN, WILLIAM W. IVES, WILLARD. -le was a member of Congress, He was born in Watertown, New from Pennsylvania, from 1841 to York, July 7, 1806; received a 1843; and from 1843 to 1841 he good English education; is a farmer was Charge d'Affaires of the United by occupation; and was a RepreStates to Denmark. He died in sentative in Congress, from New Pittsburg, September 15, 1856. York, from 1851 to 1853. In 1846 he was elected by the Methodist ISAACS, JACOB C. Episcopal Church, a Delegate to the Christian World's Convention, He was born in Tennessee, and which was held in London. was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1823 to 1833. IZARD, ReALPH. ISLEY, DANIEL. A Senator of the United States, from South Carolina, from 1789 to He was a Representative in Con-195, and a istinguished and o 1795, and a distinguished and elogress, from Massachusetts, from quent statesman. In the judgment of Washington no man was more honest in public life. He died at IVERSON, ALFRED. South Bay, May 30, 1804, aged Born in Burke County, Georgia, Sixty-six years. December 3, 1798; graduated at Princeton College in 1820; a law- JACK, WILLIAM. yer by profession, served three years He was born in Pennsylvania, as a member of the House of Re- and as a Representative in Con presentatives, and one year as Se- gress, from that State, from 1841 to nator in the Legislature of Georgia. 1843. Twice elected Judge of the Superior Court of that State for terms of three and four years; was one of the JACKSON, ANDREW. Electors at Large in the Presiden- Born at the Waxsaw Settlement, tial election of 1844; elected a Ie- North Carolina, March 15, 1767. presentative to the Thirtieth Con- TWhen fourteen years of age he left gress, and served two years. In the academy where he had been 1854 he was elected to the United placed, and entered the revoluStates Senate for six years, from tionary army, and at the age of March 4, 1855; and for a long time twenty-one established himself as a has acted as Chairman of the Com- lawyer in Western North Carolina. mittee on Claims, and as a member When that part of the country beof the Committees on Military Af- came a Territory in 17 90, President fairs and the Pacific Railroad. Washington appointed him Attor BIO GRAP I CAL SKETCHES. 261 ney of the United States for the JACKSON, DAVID S. new district. When said Territory He was born in New York, and was formed into the State of Ten- was a Representative in Congress, nessee, he was a nmemrber of the from that State, from 1847 to 1848. Convention which drew up the new Constitution, and he was immediately chosen a Representative in JACISON, EDWARD B. Congress, serving one term, when He was born in Harrison County, he was transferred to the United Virginia, and was a Representative States Senate, where he continued in Congress, from that State, from until 1798. His next public posi- 1820 to 1823. tion was that of Judge of the Supreme Court; and having been JACKSON, JABEZ. chosen major-general of one of the divisions of the Tennessee militia, He was born in Georgia, and he retained the office until 1814, was a Representative in Congress, when he went into the regular army from that State, from 1836 to 1839b with the same rank. He was assigned to the command of the armyN, JAMES. at New Orleans, and January 8, 1815, obtained his famous victory Born in England, and came to over the British. In 1817-18 he this country in 1772. Early in the conducted the Seminole war in American Revolution he joined the Florida, and soon after retired from army; in 1778 was made brigadethe army. In 1823 he was again major; and in 1781 commanded elected a Senator in Congress, and the legionary corps of the State of remained there two years. He was Georgia. When the British evacuelected President in 1828, and re- ated Savannah, July 12, 1782, he elected in 1832. The events which received the keys. For his various marked his administration were the services the Assembly of the State difficulties with France, the suppres- presented him with a house and lot sion of the nullification movement in Savannah. On the return of in South Carolina, the Indian war peace he engaged with success in in Florida, and the removal of the the practice of law. He was chosen deposits from the United States a Representative in Congress in Bank. He retired to private life in 1789, and soon after a Senator, 1836, and in the peaceful shades of which office he resigned in 1795. the Hermitage, in Tennessee, he He was Maajor-General of the Geordied, June 8, 1845. That he was gia Militia; and Governor of the a remarkable man is the undisputed State from 1798 till his election as verdict of his countrymen through- Senator in 1801. He died 1806, out the Union. aged forty-eight. 262 B I O GRAPHICAL SKETCHES. JACKSON, JAMIES. a member of Congress, from Rhode He was born in Jefferson County, Island, from 1808 to 1815. In Georgia, in 1819; graduated at the earlylife he was engaged in merUniversity of Georgia in 1837; and cantile business, and was among having studied law, commenced the the first, in this country, who empractice in 1840. In 1842 he was barked in the manufacture of cotelected Secretary of the Senate of ton. le filled several important public offices, and was distinguished Georgia, holding the office one year; d, in 1845 he was elected to the State for his benevolence. Legislature, and re-elected to the same position in 1847; in 1849 he was chosen by the Legislature Judge He was born in New York, and of the Western Circuit of his State, was a Representative in Congress, and was elected to the same office from that State, from 1837 to 1841, by the people in 1853, and again in and was also, for three years, a mem1857. In June of that year he was ber of the Assembly of New York nominated for Congress, resigned his judgeship, and in October following wsHe was one of the pioneers of lowing was elected a Representarailroad enterprise in Massachutive to the Thirty-fifth Congress. He is a member of the CommitRepresentative in Congress, from tees on Claims and Revolutionary teeimsonCl ams and Revolutionary that State. He died at Newton, ais Massachusetts, February 27, 1855. JACKSON, JOHN G. He was a Representative in Con-ACKSON, W. T. gress, from Virginia, from 1795 to Born in Chester, Orange County, 1797, from 1799 to 1810, and again New York, December 29, 1794, refrom 1813 to 1817. ceived a common school education; and has been chiefly employed in JACKSON, JOSEPH W. mercantile business. He was jusHe was frequently a member of tice of the peace several years in the City Council of Savannah, at Havana, New York, and held the one time mayor of the city; served office of county judge four years. a number of years in the State Le- In 1848 he was elected a Repregislature; and was a Representa- sentative in Congress, and served tive in Congress, from Georgia, one term. from 1850 to 1853. Died at Savannah, December 28, 1854. JACOBS, ISRAEL. He was born in Germany, and JACKSON, RICHARD S. was a Representative in Congress, Born in 1764, and died at Pro- from Pennsylvania, from 1791 to vidence, April 18, 1838. He was 1793. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 263 JAMES, CHARLES T. College in 1813; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1817; He was a Senator in Congress, and was United States Senator from Rhode Island, from 1851 to and was United States Senator ~~~~1857.~ ~from Tennessee, from 1843 to 1847. He died in Memphiis, Tennessee, JAMES, FRANCIS. June 24, 1851. Hee was a native of Pennsylvania, and a Representative in Con- JARVIS, LEONARD. gress, from that State, from 1839 He was born in 1782; graduated to 1843. at Harvard University in 1800; and died in Surry, Maine, SeptemJAM4Ii~ESON, JOHN. t ber 18, 1854. He was a RepreHe was born in Kentucky, and sentative in Congress, from Maine, was a Representative in Congress, from 1831 to 1837; and served as from Missounri, from 1830 to 1831, Chairman of the Committee on and again from 1843 to 1845, and Naval Affairs. for another term from 1847 to 1849.. JEFFERSON, THOMAS. JAM1ES, IIENRY F. JAMES, HENRY F. He was born at Shadwell, VirgiHe was born atBrimfield, HI-amp- nia, in 1743. His education was den County, Massachusetts, in Oc- principally conducted by private tober, 1792; studied law in Mont- tutors, although he passed two pelier, Vermont, and was admitted years at the College of William to the bar in Washington County and Mary. He adopted the law as in 1817, and commenced to practice his profession; was a member of at Waterbury in that year. From the Legislature of Virginia, from 1820 to 1830, he was Postmaster 1769 to the commencement of the at Waterbury; he was a member of American Revolution. In 1775 the Legislative Council, from 1830 he was a Delegate in Congress; to 1834, and was a Representative and on May 15, 1776, the Convenin Congress, from Vermont, from tion of Virginia instructed their 1835 to 1837. He was State Trea- Delegates to propose a declaration surer from 1838 to 1841; a mem- of independence. In June, Mr. ber of the Council of Censors in Lee accordingly made the motion, 1848; and a member of the Legis- and it was voted that a committee lature, from Waterbury, in 1855, be appointed to prepare one. The since which time he has practiced committee was elected by ballot, his profession. and consisted of Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, JARNAGIN, SPENCE13R.Roger Sherman, and Robert R. Born in Granger County, Ten- Livingston. The Declaration was nessee; graduated at Greenville exclusively the work of Jefferson, 264 B IO G RAPHICAL SKETCHES. to whom the right of drafting it chosen Vice-President, in 179G. belonged, as Chairman of the Com- At the election in 1801, he and mittee, though alterations and Aaron Burr having an equal numamendments were made in it by ber of electoral votes, the House Adams, Franklin, and other mem- of Representatives, after a severe bers of the Committee, and after- struggle, finally determined in his wards by Congress. Jefferson re- favor. I-Ie was re-elected in 1805. tired from Congress, September, At the end of his second term, he 1776, and took a seat in the Legis- retired from office. Hie died July lature of his State in October. In 4, 1826, at one o'clock in the after1779 he was chosen Governor, and noon, just fifty years from the date held the office two years; he de- of the Declaration of Independclined a foreign appointment in ence. Preparations had been made 1776, and again in 1781. He ac- throughout the United States to cepted the appointment of one of celebrate this day, as a jubilee; and the Commissioners for negotiating it is a most remarkable fact, that peace, but before he sailed, news on the same day, John Adams, a was received of the signing of the signer with Jefferson of the Declaprovisional treaty, and he was ex- ration, and the second on the Comcused from proceeding on the mis- mittee for drafting it, and his imsion. Hle returned to Congress. mediate predecessor in the office of In 1784 he wrote notes on the es- President, also died. Jefferson's tablishment of a money-unit, and of publications were: Summary View a coinage for the United States; in of the Rights of British America, May of that year he was appointed, 1774; Declaration of Independwith Adams and Franklin, a Min- ence, 1776; Notes on Virginia, ister Plenipotentiary to negotiate 17T81; Manual of Parliamentary treaties of commerce with foreign Practice, for the Use of the Senations. In 1785 he was Minister nate; Life of Captain Lewis, 1814; to the French Court. In 1789 he and some papers of a philosophical returned to America and received character. His works, chiefly letfrom Washington the appointment ters, were first published by his of Secretary of State, which he held grandson, Thomas Jefferson Rantill December, 1793, and then re- dolph, four volumes, 8vo., 1829. signed. In September, 1794, when an appointment was offered him by JENIFER, DANIEL. Washington, he replied, " No cir- Was frequently a member of the cumstances will ever more tempt State Legislature of Maryland, me to engage in anything public." and represented that State in ConNotwithstanding this determina- gress, from 1831 to 1833, and from tion, he suffered himself to be a 1835 to 1841. During the admincandidate for President, and was istrations of Presidents Harrison BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 265. and Tyler, he was the United States JENNINGS, JONATHAN. Minister to Austria. He died December 18, 1855, near Port Tobac- He was the first Governor of Inc Marylandx. diana, and twice elected a Representative in Congress, from that JENKINS, SAMUEL. State, from 1809 to 1816, and from 1822 to 1831. In 1818 he was apHe was a Representative in Conpointed, by President Monroe, Ingress, firom New York, from 1823 1825dian Commissioner. He died near Charlestown, Clarke County, IndiJENKINS, ROBERT. ana, July 26, 1834. He was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1807 JEWETT, FREEBORN G. to 1811. He was born in New York; was JENKINS, TIMOTHY. a member of the Assembly of that Born in Barre,Worcester County, State in 1826; and a RepresentaMassachusetts, January 29, 1799; tive in Congress,from the same, received an academic education; from 1831 to 1833. studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1824, practicing his pro- JEWETT, JOSHUA H. fession in Oneida County, New York; he was District Attorney He was born at Deer Creek, for that county six years, and re- Harford County, aryland, Sepsigned the office on being elected a tember 13, 1812, and having adoptRepresentative in the Twenty-ninth ed the profession of law, removed Congress, and was re-elected to the to Kentucky, and was elected a ReThirtieth and Thirty-second. presentative, from that State, to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth JENKS, MICHAEL H. Congresses. He is Chairman of He was born in Pennsylvania, the Committee on Invalid Pensions. and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to JEWETT, LUTHER. 1845. 1-lHe was born in Vermont; graJENNESS, BENNING W. duated at Dartmouth College in IHe was a Senator in Congress, 1795; and was a Representative in friom New,Hazmpshire, during~ t'he Congress, from Vermont, from 1815 to 1817. years 1845 and 1846. JENNINGS, DAVID. JOHNS, KENSEY. He was a Representative in Con- He was a Senator in Congress, gress, from Ohio, from 1825 to 1826. from Delaware, from 1794 to 1795. 266 BIoGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. JOHNS, KENSEYo adopted the profession of law; he was a Representative in Congress, A son of the foregoing; was born in Delaware December 10, from Tennessee, from 1829 to 1837, in Delaware, December 10, 1791; and again from 1839 to 1845 after graduated at Princeton College in, which he went into the cabinet of 1810; studied law, and was admitPresident Polk as Postmaster-Gented to practice in 1813; was a Ree presentative in Congress, from Delaware, from 1827 to 1831; in 1832 he was appointed Chancellor of the State of Delaware, in which capa- Born in Chowan County, North city he was still serviomg at the time Carolina; was a member of the of his death, which occurred at New State Legislature for many years, Castle, March 28, 1857. and a Representative in Congress during the years 1801 and 1802. JOHNSON, ANDREW. le was born in Raleigh, North JOHNSON, CHARLES. Carolina, December 29, 1808; when He was born in Connecticat, and ten years of age he was apprenticed was a Representative in Congress, to a tailor, and worked at that busi- from New York, from 1839 to ness, in South Carolina, until his 1841. seventeenth year; he never attended school, but acquired a good com- JOHNSON, FRANCIS. mon education by studying alone. Having removed to Greenville, Ten lHe was a Representative in Con~aving removed to Greenville, TenZD 2 ~~~~gress, frolm Kentuclky, from 1821 to nessee, he was elected Mayor of that place in 1830; was elected to 182 the State Legislature in 1835; to JOHNSON HARVEY A. the State Senate in 1841; and he was a Representative in Congress, was born in, from~ Tennessee, firomn 1843 to 1853. having removed to Ohio, was elected During the latter year he was elected a Representative in Congress, from ~G~overnor of Tennessee, and re- that State, from 1853 to 1855. elected in 1855. He was elected a Senator in Congress in 1857, for JOHNSON, IENRY. the term ending in 1863. He is a He was a Senator in Congress, member of the Committees on Pub- from Louisiana, from 1818 to 1824; lic Lands and on the District of from 1824 to 1828 he was Governor Columbia. of that State; from 1835 to 1839 was a Representative in Congress, JOHNSON, CAVE. and was a second time elected to He was born in Tennessee; re- the United States Senate, serving ceived a liberal education, and from 1843 to 1849. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHE S 267 JOIINSON, HERSCHEL V. JOHNSON, JEROME. Born in Burke County, Georgia, He was a Representative in ConSeptember 18, 1812. He graduated gress, from New York City, from at the University of Georgia in 1825 to 1829, and died in Goshen, 1834, and adopted the profession of Orange County, New York, Seplaw. Ile was a Presidential Elec- tember 7, 1846. tor in 1844; in 1848 was appointed to fill a vacancy in the United JOHNSON, JO-IN. States Senate; and in 1849 he was He was born in the County of elected a Judge of the Superior Tyrone, Ireland, in 1808; received Courlt. a common school education, and JOHNSON, JAMES. emigrated to Ohio, in 1824, where He was born in Virginia, and he is devoted to agricultural purwas a Representative in Congress, suits. He has served as a member from Virginia, from 1813 to 1820, of the Ohio Senate, and in the last and in the latter year was appointed Constitutional Convention of that Collector of Norfolk and Ports- State, and was a Representative in mouth, Virginia. Congress, from Ohio, from 1851 to 1853. JOHNSON, JAMES. He served as lieutenant-colonel JOHNSON, JOHN T. under Colonel R. M. Johnson, at He was brother of Richard M. the battle of the Thames; and was Representative in nr fr Johnson; once Judge of the Court a Representative in Congress, from D~ 2V of Appeals of Kentucky, and reKentuclky, during the years 1825 and 1826. presented that State in Congress, from 1821 to 1825. For thirty JOHNSON, JAMES. years he was a preacher of the He was a native of Georgia, and gospel, without a salary. He died a Representative in Congress, from in Lexington, Missouri, December that State, from 1851 to 1853. 18, 1857. JOHNSON, JAMES H. JOHNSON, JOSEPH. He was born in New Hampshire, He was born in New York, and and was a Representative in Con- on removing to Virginia, was elected gress, from that State, from 1845 to a Representative in Congress, from 1847, serving on the Committee on 1823 to 182a, from 1835 to 1841, tManufactures. and from 1845 to 1847. JOHNSON, JAMES L. He was born in Kentucky, and JOHNSON, NOADIAH. was a Representative in Congress, He served in the Legislature of from that State, from 1849 to 1851. New York, was a member of Con 268: BIOG0RAPHICAL SKETCHES. gress, from 1833 to 1835; and died chosen a Representative in Conat Albany, April 4, 1839. gress, from Kentucky, which post he held for twelve years. In 1813 JOIH-NSON, PEIRLE'Y B. he raised a volunteer regiment of He was born in Ohio, and was cavalry, of one thousand men, to a Representative in Congress, from fight the British- and Indians on that State, from 1843 to 1845. the Lakes, and during the campaign that followed, served with JOHNSON, REVERDY. great credit, under General HarriBorn in Annapolis, Maryland, son, as a colonel of that regiment. May 21, 1796; was educated at St. He greatly distinguished himself at John's College, Annapolis; studied the battle of the Thames, and the law with his father, and having Chief Tecumseh is said to have been admitted to the bar, has prac- been killed by his hand. In 1814 ticed his profession without inter- he was appointed Indian Commismission to the present time; his missioner, by President Madison. first appointment was that of State In 1819 he went from the House Attorney; in 1817 he removed to into the Senate, to fill an unexpired Baltimore, (where he has since re- term, was re-elected, and served as sided,) and in 1820 was appointed Senator until 1829. He was reChief Commissioner of Insolvent elected to the House, and remained Debtors, which office he held until there until 1837, when he became 1821, when he was elected to the Vice-President, and as such preState Senate, serving two years; sided over the Senate. At the in 1845 he was chosen a Senator time of his death he was a member in Congress, where he remained of the Kentucky Legislature, and until 1849, when he resigned to he died from a second attack of accept the post of Attorney-General' paralysis. He was a kind-hearted, of the United States, bestowed upon courageous, and talented man. him by President Taylor. On his leaving the latter position, he turned JOHNSON, R. w. his whole attention to his profession, practicing chiefly in the Su- He was born in Kentucky, and preme Court of the United States. is about forty-five years of age. He Mr. Johnson has also taken an ac- was elected aRepresentative in Contive part in the preparation of seven gress, from Arkansas, in 1847, and volumes of Reports of Decisions in served until 1853, and from that the Court of Appeals of Maryland. period to the present, he has been a Senator in Congress. He has JOHNSON, RICHARD M. been, until recently, Chairman of He was born in Kentucky, in the Committee on Printing, and is a 1780, and died at Frankfort, No- member of the Committees on Milivember 19, 1850. In 1807 he was tary Affairs and on Public Lands. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 269 JOHNSON, WILLIAM C. after which he returned to his naBorn in Frederick County, Mary- tive village, where he died, Novemland, in 1806; received an acade- her 14, 1819. mic education; studied law, and JOHNSTON, CHARLES C. was admitted to practice in the member of Congress, from 2A member of Congress, from Supreme Court in 1831; and was 6irginia, from 1831 to 1832, having a Representative in Congress, from died at,as8ingto1, 3une 18, of 1833n to 1835, and from 1837 to died at Washington, June 18, of 1483. to 1835, and infrom t 83t to the latter year. He was Chairman 1843. He served in the State Leof the Committee on Imprisonment gislature before entering and after fr Deot. he left Congress; was a member of the last Covention for revising the JOHNSTON, JOSIAH S. Constitution of Maryland; and was He was born in Salisbury, ConPresident of the National Conven- necticut, November 25, 1784, but tion of Young WMen, which met in nwas taken by his father, in infancy, Washington to nominate Henry to Kentucky. He graduated at Clay for President. When in Con- Transylvania University, and stugress, Mr. Johnson officiated, for a died law. He removed to Louisinumber of years, as Chairman of ana in 1805, and commenced his the Cormmittee on Public Lands, professional career at Alexandria, and also as a member of the Judicion the Red River; and, in 1812, ary Committee. was a leading man in the State Legislature; he was next appointed JOHNSON, WILLIAM S. District Judge, and represented Born at Stratford, Connecticut, Louisiana, in Congress, from 1821 October 7, 1727; graduated at Yale to 1823; and in 1824 he was elected College in 1744; studied law, and to the United States Senate, retainacquired distinction as a pleader ing that position until his death, and orator. In 1765 he was a which occurred May 19, 1833, by Delegate to the Congress at New theexplosionofgunpowderon board York, and in 1766 an Agent for the steamboat Lioness, on Red the Colony to England. In 1772 River. he was appointed Judge of the SuJOHNSTON, SAMUEL. preme Court of Connecticut; was JOHNSTON, SAMUEL. again a Delegate to the New York Governor of North Carolina, Congress in 1785, and was a mem- from 1787 to -1789; was President ber in 1787 of the Convention of the Convention of that State, which fiamed the Constitution of the which ratified the Federal ConstiUnited States. He was a, Senator tution, and had been a member of in Congress, from 1789 to 1791, Congress previous to 1789, when and from 1792 to 1800, President he was appointed Senator, from of Columbia College,-in New York; North Carolina, and served till 270 B OGRAPHICAL SK ET E S. 1793; was afterwards a judge of Territory of Michigan, and served the Supreme Court of Law and four years; in 1839 was appointed, Equity. He was a native of Eden- by President Van Buren, Surveyorton, and died at Sherwarkey, Au- General of the Northwest; was regust 18, 1816, aged eighty-three. moved in 18-41, for his politics, but re-appointed, by President Polk, JONES, BENJAMIN. and remained in the office until He was born in Virginia, and, 1849; in 1848 he was elected a having removed to Ohio, was elect- United States Senator, from Iowa, ed a Representative in Congress, for six years, and re-elected in 1852, from that State, from 1833 to 1837. and is now Chairman of the Committees on Pensions and on Enrolled JONES, DANIEL T. Bills, and a member of the CornHe was born in Connecticut, and, mittee on Territories. having settled in New York, was elected a Representative in Con- JONES, GEORGE W. gress, from that State, from 1851 to Born in King and Qneen Coun1855. ty, Virginia, March 15, 1806. He JONES, FRANCIS. began life by adopting the occupation of a saddler; was a justice of He was a Representative in Con- the peace for three years; in 1834 gress, from Tennessee, from 1817 to a justice to hold the Quorum Court 18,23. in Lincoln County; in 1835 and 1837 JONES, GEORGE. was elected to the Tennessee Legislature; in 1839 to the State Senate; H-e was a Senlator in Congress, in 1840 and 1842 was elected Clerk from Georgia, during the session of of the Lincoln County court, and of the -Lincoln County Court, and was elected a Representative to JONiES, GEORGE W. Congress, in 1843, to which position he has been regularly re-elected Born at Vincennes, Indiana, and graduated at Transylvania Univer- graduated at Transylvania ~Univer- to the present time, serving during sity, Kentucky, in 1825. He was the Thirty-fifth Congress as Chairbred to the law, but ill health pre- man of the Committee on Roads vented him from practicing. He and Canals. In 1853, upon the was Clerk of the United States Dis- inauguration of President Pierce, trict Court, in Missouri, in 1826; Mr. Jones was appointed Special served as an aid-de-camrp to General Bearer of Dispatches to the AmeriHXenry Dodge, in the Black Hawk can Consul at Havana, authorizwar; was chosen colonel of militia in ing him to administer the official 1832; subsequently major-general; oath to the Vice-President, W. R. also a judge; in 1835 was elected a King, who had visited Cuba for his Delegate to Congress, from the health. B3io RArPHICAL SKETCHES. 271 JONES, ISAAC D. Speaker Orr, was placed at the He was born in Maryland, and head of the Committee of Ways Ee was born in MIaryland, ani and lMieans. He was a Presidential was a Representative in Congress, from that state fro 1841to 1843. Elector in 1856, and was tendered, from that State, from 1841 to 1843. by President Buchanan, the MisJONES, JAAMES. sion to Berlin, which he declined; but in October, 1858, he was offered Born in ~MIaryland, and, removed the mission to Austria, and acceptto Georgia when young. He stuzn V'VV'B'" ~~,V~r J ur —-8-ed the appointment. died law, and settled in Savannah. He was often a member of the Le- JONES, JOHN W. gislature of Georgia, and was a. He was born in Virginia, and Representative in Congress, from was 99 to he tie of his death, was a Representative in Congress: from that State, from 1835 to 1845. which occurrec at Washington, January 12, 1801. JONES, JOHN W.,ONTES, JASIES. JON'~'ES, JAMES. Born on Rock Creek, Montgo Ele was born in Amelia County, mery County, Maryland, April 14 Virginia, and was a Representative 1806; when quite young he re, in Congress, from that State, from moved, with his father, to Ken 1819 to 1823. tucky, where he received a gooc English and classical education, a JONIES, J. C. the Carlisle Seminary; as his healti He was a Senator in Congress, would permit, he devoted himsel from Tennessee, from 1851 to 1857. to the study of medicine, attendec lectures at the Pennsylvania Aca JONES, J. GLANCY. demy, and from Jefferson Colleg( lie was born on the Conestoga received the degree of Doctor o River, Pennsylvania, October 7, Medicine. In 1840 he was electe( 1811. By his early education he to the Georgia Legislature, and ht was prepared for the Church, but was a Representative in Congress preferred the law, to which he de- from Georgia, from 1847 to 1849 voted himself with success; and In 1849 ~e removed to Alabama while Deputy Attorney-General of and devoted himself to Agriculture the State, was elected a Repre- but, returning to Georgia, was ap sentative in Congress, from Penn- pointed a medical professor in thN sylvania, serving' from 1850 to 1858. Atlanta Medical College, which po He was *the author, in the House, sition he still holds. He enjoyl of the Bill creating the Court of the reputation of having clone mudc Claims, when a member of the for the cause of education in thi Committee on Claims; and by Mr. States of Georgia and Alabama. 272 B I O G RAP I CAL S E T C H E S. JONES, NATHANIEL. JONES, WILLIAM. He was a member of the New He was a Representative in ConYork Assembly in 1827 and 1828; gress, from Pennsylvania, from a Representative in Congress, from 1801 to 1803. New York, from 1837 to 1841; a State Senator in 1852 and 1853; JUDSON, ANDREW T. and also held the offices of Survey- Born at Eastford, Connecticut, or-General of the State, and Canal November 29, 1784; his education Commissioner. was obtained at the Common JONES, OWEN. Schools, and under the instructions of his father and brother. iHe Born in Pennsylvania; a lawyer studied law, and was admitted to by profession, and a Representative the bar in 1806, when he removed in the Thirty-fifth Congress, from to Montpelier, Vermont, and prachis native State. ticed in that State; he afterwards returned to his native town, and in JONES, IOLANDs). 1809 went to Canterbury, which he He was born in North Carolina, made his permanent residence. In and was a Representative in the 1819 he received the appointment Thirty-third Congress, from that of States Attorney for Windham State. County, which office he held for fourteen years. He was at differJONES, SEA]BORN. ent times a member of both branches He was born in Columbus, Geor- of the Legislature, and was a Regia, and was a Representative in presentative in Congress, from 1835 Congress, from that State, from to 1839, when he was elected Judge 1833 to 1835, and again from 1845 of the District Court, and conto 1847. tinned in that position until his death. In October, 1850, he was JONES, WALTER. designated, by the Circuit Judge of Born in Virginia, and educated the Second Circuit, to hold the as a physician at Edinburg, about Courts of the United States in the the year 1770; on his return he Southern District of New York, settled at Northumberland County, during the illness of the distinwhere he had extensive practice in guished Judge of that District, and his profession. HIe was a Repre- he officiated at the trial of Mr. sentative in Congress, from 1797 to O'Sullivan, and others, for the at1799, and again from 1803 to tempted Cuban invasion. Among 1811. He died in Westmoreland the causes which were brought beCounty, Virginia, December 31, fore him for adjudication, was the 1815, aged seventy-six years. libel of the Amistad, and the fifty B IGRAPI CAL SK E T C H E S. 273 four Africans on board. He died was elected to the Senate, and at home, March 17, 1853. from the Committee on Foreign Relations in 1844, presented a report JULIAN, GEORGE W. in favor of annexation, and took an He was born in Indiana, and was active part in its consummation. a Representative in Congress, from In 1845 he was appointed Charge to that State, from 1.849 to 1851. this government, but that office was superseded by the final act of anKANE, ELIAS K. nexation, and he was elected one of the first members of the House of He was born in New York State about the year 1795, and was bred Representatives, from Texas, servto the legal profession. At an early ing from 1846 to 1851. He died in period of his life he went to Tennes- Washington, District of Colnmbia, see, and finally settled in Kaskaskia, January 13, 1851. in Illinois Territory, in 1815. In 1818 he was a member of the Convention for framing a State Consti- He was born in 1776, was Acting tution, and when that government Governor of the State of Maine in was organized, he was appointed 1843 and 1844, and a RepresentaSecretary of State. He was sub- tive in Congress, from 1831 to sequently elected a member of the 1835; when he was appointed Legislature; and from 1825 to Charg6 d'Affairesto Portugal. He 1836 he was a Senator in Congress, died at Newcastle, Maine, January from Illinois, officiating as Chair- 20, 1844. man of the Committee on Private KEESE, RICHARD. Land Claims. He died at Wash- KEESE, RICHARD. ington, District of Columbia, De- He was born in New York, and cember 12, 1835. was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1827 to 1829. KAUFMAN, DAVID S. Born in Cumberland, Pennsylva- KEIM,GEORGE M. nia, in 1813; graduated at Prince- He was born in Pennsylvania, and ton College in 1833; not long after was a Representative in Congress, he removed to Natchez, Mississippi, from that State, from 1838 to 1843. and read law in the office of General Quitman. In 1835 he settled in KEIM, WILLIAM H. Natchitoches, Louisiana. In 1837 he He was born in Reading, Berks emigrated to Nacogdoches, in Texas, County, Pennsylvania, June 25, and in 1838 was elected a Represen- 1813; was educated at the Mount tative in the Texan Congress; he was Airy Military Academy; but, turntwice re-elected and twice chosen ing his attention to mercantile purSpeaker of the House. In 1843 he suits, continued in active business 18 274 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. until 1855. He has held, almost KELLOGG, WILLIAM. continuously for thirty years, a Born in Ashtabula County, Ohio, number of military offices, his pre- July 8, 1814, and removed to Illisent title being that of Major-Gen- nois in 1837. His education was eral of the 5th Division of the Penn- obtained in the common schools of sylvania Volunteers; in 18348 he the country, and having studied law, was elected IManyor of Reading; and acquired an extensive practice in the in ~N~overmber, 1858, he ~wFas electedl cdistrict of disputed land titles in Ilto fill the unexpired term of the linois. He served in the State LeHon. J. Glancy Jones, (appointed gislature in 1849 and 1850, and Minister to Austria,) and took his was three years Judge of the Cirseat at the commencement of tlhe cuit Court of Illinois, and elected a second session of the Thirty-fifth Representative, from that State, to Congress. the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on KEITT, LAWRENCE 51. Public Expenditures. lie was born in South Carolina, October 4, 1824; graduated at the KELLY, JAMES. College of South Carolina in 1843; He was a Representative in Constudied law and was admitted to gress, from Pennsylvania, from practice in 1845; was elected to 1805 to 1809. the State Legislature in 1848; and in 1853 to a seat in the National KELLY, JOHN. House of Representatives, having Born in the City of New York been regularly re-elected to the pre- April 21, 1821; educated at the sent time. IHe is Chairman of the public schools, in that city; by Committee on Public Buildings andas Alderman of trade a mason; was Alderman of Grounds. IIe has also been rethe city for two years; and elected elected to the Thirty-sixth Con- Representative in the Thirty-fourth gress. and Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving KELLOGG, CHARLES. on the Committee of Ways and He was a native of New York, Means. In October, 1858, he was served six years in the New York elected High Sheriff for the City Assembly, from Cayuga County, and County of New York, said to and was a Representative in Con- be one of the most lucrative offices.gress, from that State, from 1825 to in the country. 1827. KELLY, WILLIAM. KELLOGG, ORLANDO. KELLOGG, ORLANITDO. He was a Representative in ConHe was born in New York, and gress, from Louisiana, during the was a Representative in Congress, years 1821 and 1822; and a Senator from that State, from 1847 to 1849. in Congress, from 1822 to 1825. B I OGRAPH I CAL SKETCHES. 275 KELSEY, WILLIAM H. minster, Massachusetts, October 22, 1844. HI-e was born in New York, and. was elected a Representative, from KIENDALL, JOSEPH G. that State, to the Thirty-fourth and Born in 1788; graduated at Thirty-fifth Congresses, and is a Harvard College, in 1810, and was member of the Committee on Agri- a tutor in that University, frm. culture. 1812 to 1819. He was a RepreKEMBLE, GOUVERNEUR. sentative in Congress, from the Northern District of Worcester He was born in New York, and e was born in N, and County, Massachusetts, from 1829 was a Representative in Congress, to 1833; and then appointed Clerk from that State, from 1837 to 1841. of the State Courts. He died at Worcester, Massachusetts, October KEMIPSHALL, THOMAS. 2, 1847. He was born in England, and having emigrated to New York, KENNEDY, ANDREW. was a Representative in Congress, Born in Ohio, in 1810; was bred from that State, from 1839 to 1841. a blacksmith, and at the age of nineteen could neither read nor write. KENAN, THIOAS. IHe subsequently studied law, and Born in Duplin County, North was a member of the State Senate Carolina, in 1771. In 1799 he was of Indiana; and represented that a member of the House of Dele- State in Congress, from 1841 to gates; served in the State Senate 1847. He died at Mluncietown, in 1804; and was a Representa- Indiana, December 31, 1847. tive in Congress, from 1805 to 1811. He subsequently removed ANTHONY. to Alabama, where he served for Born in Baltimore, Maryland, in many years in the Legislature of 1811; removed, when ten years of that State, but declined a re-election age, to Virginia; educated at Jefto Congress. Died near Selma, ferson Academy, Charlestown, VirOctober 22, 1843. ginia; studied law, but abandoned it, and subsequently engaged in the KENDALL, JONAS. manufacture of cotton and in plantIHe was born at Worcester, Mas- ing. He was a member of the sachusetts, in 1757; obtained a Legislature of Virginia, from 1839 finished education by his own un- to 1843, and an unsuccessful candiaided exertions; served thirteen date for Congress, from Virginia; years in the Legislature of Massa- removed to Baltimore in 1850, and chussetts; and was a Representa- was elected to the Maryland Letive in Congress, from that State, gislature in 1856, serving as Chairfrom 1819 to 1821. Died in Leo- man of the Committee on Ways and 276 BIO GRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Means; and by that body elected Domestic Industry," in 1833; anl to the United States Senate, for six elaborate report on "The Comyears, from March 4, 1857, and is a merce and Navigation of the United member of the Committees on Pri- States, by the Committee of Comnvate Land Claims, and on the Dis- merce," (of which Mr. Kennedy trict of Columbia. was chairman,) in 1842, and a report from the same committee on KENNEDY, JOHN P. "The Warehouse System," in 1843. Ile was born in Baltimore, Octo- Besides these, he has published ber, 1795. tie studied law and several pamphlets and tracts, in practiced in that city until 1838, defence of the protective system. when he was elected to the House In the field of general literature, of Representatives, in the Federal he is known to the public as Legislature, and served in that body the author of "Swallow Barn, through the Twenty-fifth, Twenty- a Sojourn in the Old Doseventh and Twenty-eighth Con- minion."' " Horse-Shoe Robinson," gresses; elected in 1846 to the "Rob of the Bowl," " Quod Libet," House of Delegates of Maryland, " Memoirs of the life of XWilliam (of which he had been a member in Wirt, late Attorney-General of the the sessions of 1820 and 1822,) United States," sundry historical, he was made Speaker, and took an biographical, and literary discourses, active part in the measure which essays, and reviews, which have not was then adopted to resume the yet been collected into volumes. payment of the State debt, and the He is an active member of the restoration of the public credit. Historical Society of Maryland, of Since 1847, he has held no local which he is the Vice-President. political post, but has devoted his time to literary pursuits. His last KENNEDY, WILLIAM. national position was that of SeHe was a Representative in Concretary of the Navy, under President Fillmore. In 1849, he was gress, from North Carolina, from, 1803 to 1805, from 1809 to 1811, chosen by the regents of the Uni-, o and from 1813 to 1815. versity of Maryland to preside over that institution, as provost, which position he now occupies.ENNETT, LUTHER M Among his various political tracts, He was born in Falmouth, Penspeeches, reports, and addresses, dleton County, Kentucky, March which have been published, are " A 15, 1801; received a good English Review of Mr. Cambreling's Free- and classical education; was for a Trade Report, by Mephistopheles," number of years Deputy Clerk of in 1830; "The Memorial of the Pendleton and Campbell Counties; Permanent Committee of the New he studied law, and in 1825 reYork Convention of Friends of moved to Missouri, where he en B IOG RAPHICAL SKETCHES. 277 gaged in mercantile pursuits; having'KENT, MOSS. settled in St. Louis in 1842, he was He was a member of the New elected to the Councils of that city; York Assembly, in 1807 and 1810, in 1849 he was Chairman of the and was a Representative in Conand was a RRepresentative in ConPacific Railroad Convention, held gress, from that State, from 1813 in St. Louis, and subsequently Yice-to 1817. President of the company formed for commencing the work; in 1850 KERR, JOHN. he was elected Mayor of St. Louis, He was a Representative in Conand re-elected in 1851 and 1852; gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1813 in 1853 he was elected President of to 181 the St. Louis and Iron Mountain Railroad; and he was a Represen- KERR, JOHN. tative in Congress, from Missouri, Ie was born in North Carolina, (St. Louis District,) from 1855 to geceived a liberal ecucation, and 1 857. adopted the profession of law; was a Representative in Congress, from his native State, from 1853 to 1855; Re was born in Pennsylvania, and was subsequently elected to and having emigrated to Ohio, was the Ilouse of Commons of that elected a Representative in Con- State, where he still continues. gress, from that State, from 1829 to 1833, from 1833 to 1837, and KERR, JOHN BOZMAN. from 1847 to 1849. Born at Easton, Talbot County, Maryland, March 5, 1809; graKVENT, JOSEPH. cluated at Harvard University in Born in 1779, in Calvert County, 1830; he studied law at Easton, Maryland; was educated for a phy- and was admitted to the bar in sician, and combined the practice of 1833. Was a member of the Gehis profession with the pursuits of neral Assembly of Maryland, from agriculture. He was a Represen- 1836 to 1838; and from 1847 to tative in Congress, from his native 1849 he acted as deputy for the State, from 1811 to 1815, and from Attorney General of Maryland, for 1821 to 1826; Governor of Mary- Talbot County. From 1849 to land, from 1826 to 1829; and 1851, he was a Representative in'United States Senator, from 1833 Congress, and at the end of the to 1837. He died near his resi- session, was appointed by President dence, in the vicinity of Bladens- Fillmore, Cbarg6 d'Affaires to the burg, Maryland, November 24, Republic of Nicaragua; during the 1839, in the fifty-ninth year of his revolution of 1851 he had the good age. fortune, as the National Represen 278 B IOGRAPI CAL SKETCHES. tative of Central America, to bring KERSHAW, JOHN. about an armistice. and was instruHe was a native of South Caromental in saving the lives of leadmeftal in saving the lives of lead- lina, and a Representative in Coning officers of the revolutionary gress, fom that State from 1813 party, for which he received a for- to 1815, when he was appointed, to 1815, when he was appointed, mal expression of thanks from the by President Madison, one of the Executive on leaving the country; three Commissioners to run the and in 1853 the Congress of the Creek boundry lines. United States voted him an extra sum for services in Central Ame- KEY PHILIP. rica. In 1854 he resumed the He was'a Representative in Conpractice of his profession in the gress, from Maryland, from 1791 to City of Baltimore, where he now 1793 resides. KEY, PHILIP BARTON.:KERt, JOHN L. KERR, JOHN L. Was a Representative in ConIHe was born at Greenburv Point, gress, from Maryland, from 1807 to near Annapolis, Maryland, Janu- 1813, and died at Georgetown, Disary 15, 1780; graduated at St. trict of Columbia, July 28, 1815, John's College in 1799; studied aged fifty years. He was a native law with John Leeds Bozman, and of Maryland, a lawyer by profession, practiced the profession with suc- and a man of high abilities and cess; and was a Representative in character. Congress, from Maryland, from 1825 to 1829, and again from 1831 to KEYES, ELIAS. 1833; be was also a Senator in He was a iRepresentative in ConCongress, from 1841 to 1843. He gress, from Vermont, from 1821 to was a member of the National Con- 1823. vention, held at Harrisburg in 1839, and at the head of the Electoral KIDDER, DAVID. ticket for President during the same 0 He was born in Dresden, Lincoln year. Before entering Congress,, December 8, In, bCounty, Maine, December 8, 1787; he was the agent of Maryland in received a classical education from the prosecution of militia claims the prprivate tutors; studied law, and setagainst the IUnited States. He tied in Somerset County where he died at his homestead, in Maryland, held many local offices; and he was February 21, 1844. a Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 1823 to 1827. KERR, JOSEPH. He was a Representative in Con- KIDWELL, ZEDEIAHI. gress, from Ohio, from 1814 to IHe was born in Fairfax County, 1815. Virginia, January 4, 1814; was BIOGRAPHI CAL SKETCHES. 279 educated by his father; studiedmedi- pointed bythe President, a Commiscine, and graduated at the Jefferson sioner to settle the boundarybetween Medical College of Philadelphia, in the public lands and the Virginia 1839; after practicing medicine some Reservation, and also commissioned years, he commenced in 1848 the as colonel of the frontier regiment. study of law, and began to practice He was one of the Commissioners as a lawyer in 1849; he served a for locating Miami University, and number of years in the Legislature President of the Board of Trustees of Virginia; was a member of the of Worthington College. From State Constitutional Convention in 181.3 to 1817 he was a Representa1829; was a Presidential Elector in tive in Congress. He was also a 1852; and a Representative in Con- member of the Ohio Legislature. gress, from Virginia, from 1853 to He died in Worthington, April, 1857. In 1857 he was elected one 1850. of three Commissioners to superintend the public works for the State of Virginia, representing in that He was born in Harrison County, board the Third District. Kentucky, April 3, 1804, and removed with his father to Indiana in 1819, and settled in Franklin Coun_ILBOURNE, JAMES. ty. He received a common school Born in New Britain, Connecti- education, and commenced the study cut, October 19, 1770; while ap- of law in 1825, and was admitted prenticed as a farmer's boy he re- to practice in 1830, and removed to ceived instruction in Latin and Delaware County. In 1833 he was Greek and mathematics, from the elected to the State Legislature, son of his employer; was next a and served several years. In 1839 mechanic, then a merchant and he was elected by the Legislature manufacturer, and finally studied President Judge of the Judicial divinity, and became a. clergyman of Circuit in which he resided, and the Episcopal Church. In 1803 he held the office seven years. In 1850 was instrumental in forming an emi- he was a delegate to the Constitugrating colony to Central Ohio, tional Convention of the State. In called the " Sciota Company;" a 1854 was again elected to the Letown was soon organized, and named gislature, and was Speaker of the Worthington. In 1805 he was ap- House. In 1856 he was elected a pointed by Congress to the office of Representative, from Indiana, to the United States Surveyor of Public Thirty-fifth Congress, and has been Lands; and in 1806 he was chosen re-elected to the Thirty-sixth. He by the Legislature a member of the is a member of the Committee on Board of Trustees of Ohio College, Expenditures in the Treasury Deat Athens. In 1812 he was ap- partment. 280 BIOGRAP H ICAL S K E TCH E S. KILLE, JOSEPH. gress, from that State, from 1849 to 1853. He was born in New Jersey, and was a Representative in Congress, KING, HENRY. from that State, from 1839 to 1841. He was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1831 KINCAID, JOHN. to 1835. to 1835. He was a Representative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1829 to 1833. HIe was born at Highwood, New Jersey, in 1791; was taken to EngKING, ADAM. land by his father when American He was a Representative in Con- Minister, and was educated there, gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1827 and graduated at Harvard College to 1833, and died in May, 1835. in 1810; was an eminent merchant and banker in New York City, and KING, CYRUS. a Representative in Congress, from He was a Representative in Con- New Jersey, from 1849 to 1851. gress, from Massachusetts, from He died in Highwood, New Jersey, 1813 to 1817. October 3, 1853, aged sixty-two years. KING, DANIEL PUTNAM. KING, JOHN. Born in Danvers, Massachusetts, He was born in 1775; served in in 1800; graduated at Harvard in Congress, from New York, from 1823. At first he contemplated the 1831 to 1833; and died at New study of the law, but soon aban- Lebanon, New York, September 1, doned it for the practice of agricul- 1838. ture. In 1836 and 1837 he was a KING JOHN A. member of the Massachusetts Legislature, in 1838 and 1839 a member He was born in New Yorl, and of the State Selnate, and in 1840 was a Representative in Congress, and 1841 President of that body. from that State, from 1849 to 1851. Speaker of the House in 1843, and KING, JOHN P. during that year he was elected a Representative in Congress, and He was a Senator in Congress, held that position until his death, from Georgia, from 1834 to 1838. which occurred in Danvers, July 25, KING, PERKINS. 1850. He was a member of the New KING, GEORGE G. York Assembly in 1827, and a ReHe was born in Rhode Island, presentative in Congress, from that and was a Representative in Con- State, from 1829 to 1831. BIOG RAPHICAL SKETCHES. 281 KING, PRESTON. the whole of President Adams's Born at Ogdensburg, St. Law- term, and during two years of Prerence County, New York, October sident Jefferson's term. In 1825 14, 1806. He graduated at Union President John Quincy Adams College; is a lawyer by profession; again appointed him Minister to was for several years a member of England, but bad health prevented the New York Legislature; also a him from entering upon his duties; Representative, from that State, and returning home, he died at Jafrom 1843 to 1847, and from 1849 to maica, Long Island, April 29, 1827. 1853, after which he was elected to As a statesman, diplomatist, and the United States Senate, which political writer, he displayed great position he still retains, serving on abilities, and he was the author of the Committees on Pensions and on many of the papers written on the Military Affairs. British Treaty in 1794, over the signature of Camilius; as a man, he was universally respected and beHe was born in Scarborough, loved. Maine, in 1755; was educated at Dummer Academy, in Newbury, KING, RUFUS H. Massachusetts; graduated at HarviHe was born in New York, and vard College in 1777; in 1778 he was a Representative in Congress, was aid-de-camp to Sullivan, in hisfromthatState from 1855to 1857. expedition against the British in Rhode Island; he studied law, and was admitted to the bar, in Newbu-, T. ryport, Massachusetts, in 1780; he He was born in Hampden, Hampwas elected, from that town, to the shire County, Massachusetts, AuState Legislature; in 1784 was gust 27, 1804; was educated at elected a Delegate to Congress, at Westfield Academy; studied law, Trenton; was a member of the State and removed to Georgia in 1823, Convention of Massachusetts, held where he devoted himself to plantin 1787; he was a member of the ing. In the years 1832, 1834, Convention which formed the Fede- 1835, and 1837, he was a member ral Constitution; removing to New of the Stale Senate; and he was a York City in 1788, he was, in 1789, Representative in Congress, from elected a Senator in Congress, and Georgia, from 1839 to 1843, and served his entire term, and was re- again from 1845 to 1847, and for elected to the same position in 1813, another term ending with 1849, remaining in that capacity until serving much of the time on the 1825. At the close of his first term Committee on Naval Affairs, in in the Senate he was appointed, by which he took especial interest. President Washington, Minister to He was also a member, in 1833, of England,where he remained through the Milledgeville Convention; in 282 B IOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1836, of the Macon Railroad Con- time arrived for taking the constivention; and, in 1840, of the Young tutional oath of that office, he was Men's Convention at Baltimore; in Cuba, and the oath was adminbesides serving as the president of istered by the American Consul various canal and railroad compa- there. He returned to his plantanies. He is now a resident of Cali- tion at Cahawba, Alabama, April fornia. 17, 1852, and died on the following day. KING, WILLIAM lR. KINGSBURY, WILLIAM W. Born in North Carolina, April Born in North Carolina, April Born in Towanda, Bradford Co., 7, 1786; received a good educaPennsylvania, June 4, 1828. He tion; studied law and was admitted was self-educated; he was bred a to the bar in 1806; was a Reprefarmer, emigrated to Minnesota, sentative in Congress, from his na- farmer, emigrated to Minnesota, and in the year 1855 was first electtive State, from 1811 to 1816; he ed a meber of the inesota eed a member of the Minnesota Leresigned that position and accom- In gislature, and again in 1856. In panied William Pinckney to Europe, 1857 was delegate to the Conenas Secretary of Legation; and, on tion for framing a Constitution for his return from Europe, he settled Minnesota, and elected a Delegate in the Territory of Alabama, and to the Thirty-fi Congress. devoted himself to planting. I -Ze was a member of the Convention KINNARD, GEO-RGEL. which formed the State ConstituHie was a Representative in Contion of Alabama; in 1819 he was elected a Senator in Congress, from gress, f baa, where he coninued until 837, and died at Cincinnati, NoAlabama, where he continued until vember 26, 1838, from injuries re1844; in that year he was appoint- ceived on the sixteenth of that ed Minister to France and conmonth on board the steamboat Flotinued there two years; in 1846 he month, on board the stea was again elected to the United ra, which exploded near that city. States Senate, where he remainedINSEY, CHARLES. until elected Vice-President of the United States, in 1852. During He was a Representative in Conthe Twenty-fourth, Twenty-fifth, gress, from New Jersey, from 1817 Twenty-sixth, Thirty-first, and to 1819, and from 1820 to 1821. Thirty-second Congresses, he officiated as President, pro tent., of the KINSLEY, MARTIN. Senate, and as a presiding officer, Hle was born in Bridgewater, as well as a man, commanded uni- Massachusetts, June 2. 1754; graversal respect. At the time of his duated at Harvard University in election, as Vice-President, his 1778, and studied medicine; perhealth was feeble, and when the formed some service in the revolu BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 283 tionary war, and was chosen a Dele- Princeton College, graduating in gate to the Convention for forming 1788; studied medicine and was the Constitution of his native State; admitted to practice in 1795; in served in the Legislature of Massa- 1806 he removed to Salina, New chusetts about thirty years; he was York, and became Superintendent also at different periods a member of the Salt Springs; was a iRepreof the State Council; a Judge of sentative in Congress, from 1807 to the Court of Common Pleas; Judge 1809, from New York; and died of of Probate; and a Representative in cholera, at Salina, September 2, Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1832. 1819 to 1821. HIe died June 20, ~~~~~~1835. KITCHELL, AARON. 1835. He was a Representative in ConKIRTLAND, DORRANCE. gress, from New Jersey, from 1791 He was born in New York; gra- to 1793, from 1794 to 1797, and He was born in b few York; gra-d a duated at Yale College in 1789; from 1799 to 1801; and a Senator and was a Representative in Con- in Congress, from 1805 to 1809. gress, from that State, from 1817 KITTERA JOHN W. to 1819. He was a graduate of Princeton KIRKLAND, JOSEPH. College in 1776; and a Representative in Congress, from PennsylvaHe was born near Norwich, Connia, from 1791 to 1801, when he necticut, in 1771; graduated at afrom 1791 1801, when he 1790;,removedto was appointed United States DisYale College in 17190; removed to trict Attorney for the Eastern DisUtica, New York, and was the first trict of Pennsylvania. Mayor of that City; served frequently in the State Legislature; KITTERA, TI-IOMIAS. and was a Representative in ConHIe was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1821 to 1823. He died at Utica, Jaun- gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1826 to 1823. tie died at Utica, Januto 1827. ary 26, 1844. KITTREDGE, GEORGE W. KIRKPATRICK, LITTLETON. KIRKPATRICK, LITTLETON. He was born in New Hampshire, He graduated at Princeton Col- and was a Representative in Conlege in 1815, and was a Represen- gress, from that State, from 1853 tative in Congress, from New Jer- to 1855. sey, from 1843 to 1845. KLINGENSMITH, JOHN, Jn. KIRKIPATRICK, W. Hle was born in Pennsylvania,.He was born in Amwell, Hun- and was a Representative in Conterdon County, New Jersey, in gress, from that State, from 1835 November, 1768; was educated at to 1839. 284 BIOGRAP ITCAL SKETCHES. KNAPP, CHAUNCEY L. Williamsburg, New York, January He was born in Berlin, Vermont, 30, 1855. February 26, 1809. He commenced KNIGHT, JONATHAN. the active business of life by serving Born in Bucks County, Pennsylan apprenticeship of seven years in November 22 a vania, ~November 22, 1787, and r~ea printing office in Montpelier; was moved with his parents, in 1801, to elected reporter for the Legislature, i East Bethlehem, Washington Counin 1833; was co-proprietor and ediin 13 wac-ortrty. He was mostly self-educated, tor for some years of the State Jourand became a school teacher, and nal; was elected Secretary of the and became a school teacher, and surveyor of lands. In 1816 he was State, in 1836, in which capacity he served four y s appointed by the State government served four years; and removing to to make and report a map of his Massachusetts he was elected Secre- county. He served three years as tary of the Massachusetts Senate in County Commissioner, and was ap1851; and was elected a Represenpointed, in 1827, a commissioner to tative to the Thirty-fourth and re- extend the National Road between elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, Cumberlan an heeling, hrough and is a member of the Committeeand Ohio and Incdiana, to the Eastern on Territories. To him was awardline of Illinois. In 1822 he was ed the credit, while editing the elected to the Legislature and served Journal, of first nominating Gene- six years. In 1828 he visited Engral Harrison for the Presidency, land to acquire a thorough knowwhich resulted in his obtaining the ledge of civil engineering, and on electoral votes of Vermont four his return was appointed chief engiyears before he was really electec. neer on the Baltimore and Ohio Mir. Knapp's tastes have led him to Road. He was elected, in 1854, a the study of mechanics, and in all Representative in the Thirty-fourth his public positions he has paid par- Congress; after that time he was ticular attention to the mechanical engaged in agriculture. He died in interests of his constituents. Washington County, November 22, 1858. KNICKERBOCKER, HERMAN. KNIGHT, NEHEMIAH. Hle was born in New York in He was a native of Rhode Isl1780, and was a descendant, in the and; a farmer by occupation; a third generation, of one of the ori- prominent politician of the Federal ginal emigrants to NewYork. He school, and a Representative in early engaged in politics, and was a Congress, from 1803 to 1808. member of Congress, from 1809 to 1811, as a Federalist, but, during KNIGHT, NEHEMIAH R. President Jackson's administration, Born in Cranston, Rhode Island, he became a Democrat. He died in December 31, 1780; was chiefly BI GRAPHICAL SKETCaHES. 285 self-educated; at the age of twenty- Congress, and re-elected to the two was elected to the State Legis- Thirty-fourth. lature; in 1805 he was elected Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas in KREBS, JACOB. Providence; in 1812 he was chosen He was a Representative in ConClerk of the Circuit Court, and gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1826 served until 181T; he was also for to 1827. many years President of the Roger Williams Bank; he was elected KREMER, GEORGE. Governor of Rhode Island in 1817, Born in 1775, and died in Union and re-elected in 1819 and 1820; County, Pennsylvania, September he was appointed, by President 11, 1854. He was a RepresentaMadison, during the war with Eng- tive in Congress, from Pennsylvania, land, Collector of Providence; and from 1823 to 1829. he was a Senator in Congress, from 1821 to 1841. He was a member, KUHNS, JOSEPH H. in 1843, of the State Constitutional.He was born in Pennsylvania, Convention, after which he retired to private life. He died at Provigress, from that State, from 1851 to dence, Rhode Island, April 19, 1853 1854. He was a man of sterling character, and a true patriot. KUNKEL, JACOB M. He was born in Maryland, and KNOWLTON, EBENEZER. was elected a Representative, from He was born in New Hampshire, that State, to the Thirty-fifth Conand was a Representative in Con- gress, and is a member of the Comgress, from Maine, from 1855 to mittees on Revolutionary Claims. 1857. and Expenditures in the Treasury KNOX, JAMES. Department. Born in Canajoharie, Montgome- KUNKEL, JOHN C. ry County, New York, July 4, 1807; graduated at Yale College in 1830, Born in Pennsylvania, a lawyer studied law at Utica, New York, and by profession, and a member of the was admitted to the bar in 1833. Thirty-fifth Congress, from his naIn 1836 he located at Knoxville, tive State, and a member of the Committee on Claims. Illinois, where he has since resided, giving his attention chiefly to mercantile and agricultural pursuits. KURTZ, WILLIAM H. In 1847 he was a member of the He was born in Pennsylvania, Constitutional Convention of Illi- and was a Representative in Connois, and in 1852 was elected a gress, from that State, from 1851 Representative in the Thirty-third to 1855. 286 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. LABRANCH, ALCEA. State, and was a Representative in Hie was born in Louisiana, and Congress, from Mississippi, during was a IRepresentative in Congress, the Thirty-fourth Congress. from that State, from 1843 to 1845. LAMAR, HENRY G. LACOCK, ABNER. I-e was born in Georgia, and Born in Virginia, in 10. With- was a Representative in Congress, Born in Virginia, in 1770. WTithfrom that State, from 1829 to 1833. out the advantage of much early education, he raised himself by his talents to eminence as a legislator, statesman, and civilian. He filled He is a native of Georgia, but, various public stations for a period having removed to Mississippi, was of nearly forty years; was a Re- elected a Representative to the presentative in Congress, from Penn- Thirty-fifth Congress, from that sylvania, from 1811 to 1813, and State, serving on the Committee on United States Senator from 1813 Elections. to 1819. He died in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, April 12, 1837. He was born in New York, and LARM, SAMUEL. was a Representative in Congress, Born in Leitersburg, Maryland, from Missouri, from 1847 to 1849. April 22, 1812. His education was LAMBERT, JOHN. limited, yet his first earnings were the result of teaching school. In He was a Representative in ConMarch, 1835, he removed to Indi- gress, from New Jersey, from 1805 ana, and studied law, and then set- to 1809; and from 1809 to 1815 tied in Ohio. In 1837 he was he was a member of the United elected Master in Chancery; in States Senate. During the years 1842 a State Senator; at various 1802 and 1803 he performed the times to high positions in the mi- duties of Governor of New Jersey, litia; and to Congress, as a Repre- and died in February, 1823, aged sentative, in 1847, where he re- seventy-five years. mained until 1849. LANCASTER, COLUMBIA. LAKE, WILLIAM A. He was a Delegate to Congress, He was born in Maryland; gra- from the Territory of Washington, duated at Washington College, in during the years 1854 and 1855. Pennsylvania; studied law; served in the Legislature of Maryland; LANDY, JAMES. removed to Mississippi, practiced He was born in Philadelphia, his profession there with success; Pennsylvania, October 13, 1813; was elected to the Senate of that received his education in his native B IGRAP ICAL SKETCHES. 287 city; devoted himself, for a time, to LANE, JOSEPH. the occupation of a builder; stu- Born in North Carolina, Decemdied law, but abandoned the profes- ber 14, 1801. In his fifteelh year sion, andc turned his attention to he became a clerk in a mercantile mercantile pursuits. ie has devo- house i Iniana, an in 1822 was house in Indiana, and in 1822 was ted much of his attention to the chosen a member of the Legisla Public School system of Philadel- tre,-serving in that capacity, phia, andc has helcd thle positionls of with occasional intervals, until 1846. Commissioner and President of the He participated in the war with Board of School Commissioners. Mexico, acquitting himself with In 1856 hle was elected a IRepre- credit at Buena Vista and on other presentative to the Thirty-fifth Con- fels, ncl was appointed, by Presigress, from Pennsylvania, and is a clent Polk, a brigadier-general. In member of the Committee orn Com- 1849 he was appointed Governor of m erce. the Territory of Oregon, without his solicitation, and organized the LANDRY, J. ARISTIDE. g, overnment; and was elected a IHe was born in Louisiana, and Delegate to Congress, in 1851,where was a Representative in Congress, he has been retained by his constifrom that State, from 1851 to 1853. tuents until the present time. LANE, AMOS. LANGDON, CHAJUNCEY. lie was a Representative in Con- He graduated at Yale College in gress, fromi Indiana, from 1833 to 1787; was a Representative in 1837, having previously been a Congress, from Vermont, from member of the State Legislature, and 1815 to 1817, and died in 1830. served one session as Speaker. He was a lawyer of the first ability, LANGDON, JOHN. and filled a conspicuous place in Hie was educated for mercantile the history of Indiana. Hie died in pursuits, and afterwards prosecuted Lawrensburg, in that State, in 1850. business upon the sea, until the commencement of the controversy LANE, HENRY S. with Great Britain. He was one He was a Representative in Con- of the party which removed the gress, from Indiana, from 1841 to powder and the military stores from 1843. Fort William and Mary, at New Castle, in 1774. In 1775 and 1776 LANE, JAMiES H. he was chosen a Delegate to ConIle was born in Indiana, and was gress. Commanding a company of a Representative in Congress, from volunteers, he served, for awhile, that State, from 1853 to 1855. in Vermont and Rhode Island. In 288:BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. his own State he was, in 1776 and was at one time member of four 1777, Speaker of the House, and committees, viz.: that of Commerce Judge of the Court of Common and Manufactures, the Militia, Pleas. In 1779 he was Conti- District of Columbia, and the Connental Agent in New Hampshire, tingent Expenses of the Senate. and contracted for the building of He was appointed, by the Governor, several ships of war. In 1783 he to a second term in the Senate, but was again appointed Delegate to as this was at the expiration of his Congress, and was afterwards re- firstterm, the Senate decided that the peatedly a member oftheLegislature, appointment was without authority and Speaker. In March, 1788, he of law. He was subsequently was chosen Governor of the State, Judge of the Supreme Court of and from 1789 to 1801 he was Connecticut, for three years; and Senator of the United States. three years Mayor of Norwich, From 1805 to 1808, and again in where he died, August 7, 1841. 1810 and 1811, he was Governor of the State. He died in 1819, LANSING, GERRIT Y. aged seventy-eight. He was born in New York, served four years in the Legislature of LANiMAN, JAMES. that State, and was a Representative Bo0rn in Norwich, Connecticut, in Congress, from New York, from 1831 to 1837. June 14, 1769; graduated at Yale College, in 1788, and settled as a LAPORTE, JOHN. lawyer in his native town; he was a member of the Convention which He was born in Pennsylvania, formed the first Constitution of and was a Representative in ConConnecticut, and served two years gress, from that State, from 1833 in the Lower House of the Legis- to 1837. lature, and one year as a State Senator; and was for five years Attorney for the State, for New London He was born in Louisiana, and County, acquiring great local dis- was a Representative in Congress, tinction by his abilities. He was from that State, from 1846 to 1847, elected a Senator in Congress, serv- and also for the two following terms, ing from 1819 to 1825, during one ending in 1851. Congress, as Chairman of the Committees on Post-offices and Post- LATHAM, MILTON S. roads and Contingent Expenses of He was born in Ohio, and on his the Senate, and voted with the South removal to California, was elected on the Missouri Compromise; dur- a Representative in Congress, from ing the Seventeenth Congress, he that State, from 1853 to 1855. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 289 LATHIROP, SAMUEL. body, from 1811 to 1817. He died in New London, February 3, 1842. Born in Hamnpden County, Massachusetts, in 1771; graduated at Yale College in 1792; studied law, LAWLER, JOAB. and attained a high position at the Born in North Carolina, June 12, bar; was a Representative in Con- 1796; was educated for the minisgress, from Massachusetts, from try, and became a clergyman of the 1818 to 1826. He died in West Baptist Church. In 1826 he was Springfield, July 11, 1846. elected to the Lower House of the Alabama Legislature, and was reLATTIMER, HENRY. elected until 1831, in which year he He was a Representative in Con- was elected to the State Senate. In gress, from Delaware, from 1793 to 1832 he was appointed Receiver of 1795, and a Senator in Congress, Public Moneys for the Coosa Land from 1795 to 1801. District, and held the office until 1835. In 1833 he was elected LATTIMORE, WILLIAM. Treasurer of the -University of AlaBorn in Norfolk, Virginia, Feb- bama. -Ie was a Representativeruary 9, 1774, where he received a in Congress, from Alabama, from limited education; he studied medi-ed in Washcine, removed to the Territory of ington, May 8, 1838, during the Mississippi; and was a Delegate to Mlississippi; andi wavczs a Oelegatte to first session of his second term. Congress, from that Territory, from 1803to 1807, andfrom 1813 to 1817. LAWRANCE, JOHN. He was also delegate to the Con- iHe was born in the County of vention which formed the first Con- Cornwall, England, in 1750, and stitution of Mississippi; after which emigrated to the City of New York he retired to private life, and died in 1767. He studied law, and was April 3, 1843. admitted to the bar in 1772, and in 1775 was commissioned in the First LAW, LYMAN. / New York Regiment, and served to Born at [New London, Connecti- the end of the revolutionary war, cut, August 19, 1770; graduated his several grades having been aidat Yale College in 1791; studied de-camp to his relative, Colonel law with his father, Richard Law, McDougal, Judge-Advocate, and (who was a member of the Conti- General, in which latter capacity he nental Congress,) and practiced at conducted the court-martial called New London; after serving in the to try Major Andre. In 1783 he reLegislature of the State, and being sumed the practice of his profession Speaker of the House of Represen- in New York. In 1785 and 1786 he tatives, he was elected to Congress, was a member of the First Congress. and represented his State, in that. In 1789 he was elected a State Sena19 290 BIOGRAPHIoCAL SKETCHES. tor, and during that year was elect- appointment of Minister to Enged, by a five-sixth vote, a Represen- land, where he acquitted himself tative in the Federal Congress, with credit. He founded a scientiserving from 1789 to 1793; was fic school in Cambridge, and his appointed by Washington, in 1794, gifts and bequests to various chariJudge of the United States District table and religious societies proved Court for New York; and was a him to be a man of many noble Senator in Congress, from 1796 to qualities. Died in Boston, August 1800, when he resigned, and retired 18, 1855. to private life. He died in 1810. LAWRENCE, CORNELIUS VAN WYCK. LAW~RENCE, ABBOTT. He was born in Flushing, Long Born in Groton, Massachusetts, Island, February 28, 1791; spent December 16, 1792. His education his boyhood working on his father's was obtained at a district school and farm, and acquiring a good Engat Groton Academy, and in 1808 lish education; and, on arriving at he went to Boston and became a the age of manhood, removed to clerk in the store of his brother New York City, with which, as a Amos. In 1814 he was admitted business man, he has been identified as a partner in the concern, and for ever since. He was a Representamany years the twain prosecuted tive in Congress, from New York a very extensive importing business, City, from 18832 to 1834; for two and laid the foundations of their years following he was Mayor of several fortunes. HIe was the tra- the City of New York; in 1836 veling partner, and visited Europe President of the Electoral College a number of times. He subsequently for President; and for twenty years became one of the foremost men in he held the honorable position of building up American manufacture, President of the Bank of the State and the flourishing City of Law- of New York. Among other posirence was the offspring of his enter — tions of trust and responsibility, prise. In 1827 he was a delegate which, with the above, have tended to the Harrisburg Convention. He to give, him a high reputation, served in the Common Council of may be mentioned the following: Boston in 1831, and was a Repre- Director of the Branch Bank of the sentative in Congress, from 1835 to United States and the Bank of 1837, and again in 1839 and 1840. America, Trustee of the [New York In 1842 he was appointed a Com- Life and Trust Company, and of missioner to arrange the Northeast- numerous Fire and Marine Insurern boundary question; in 1849 he ance Companies. In 1856 ill health was invited, by President Taylor, compelled Mr. Lawrence to retire into his cabinet, but declined; he from the pursuits of active life, and subsequently accepted, however, the he is spending the close of his life in BIoaGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 291 peace, on the spot where his ances- Ohio Legislature in 1843. He was tors have resided for two hundred a Presidential Elector in 1848, a years. member of the Constitutional ConLAWRENCE, JOHN W. vention of Ohio in 1850-51, State Senator in 1856-57, and elected a He was born in New York; served Representative to the Thirty-fifth two years in the Assemrbly of that Congress, officiating as Chairman State, from Queens County; and of the Committee on Expenditures of the Committee on Expenditures was a Representative in Congress in the in the State Department. from 1845 to 1847. LAWRENCE, WILLIAM T. LAWRENCE, JOSEPH. was a native of Pennsylvania, Born in New York City, May 7,!He was a native of Pennsylvania, H 1788; he was bred a merchant, and and born in 188; he served for continued such until called into nine years in the State Legislature,, the service of the United States, in one year as State Treasurer, and the war of 1812, as'a militia capwas a Representative in Congress, ta of artillery. In 1823 he refain of artillery. In 1823 he refrom Pennsylvania, from 1825 to moved to Cayuga, New York, ald 1829, and again from 1841 to thega, New York, a time of his death, which occrred located on a farm, where he contime of his death, which occurred. tinues to reside. In 1838 he was in Washington, District of Columchosen County Judge, and from 1847 to 1849, he was a RepresenLAWRLENCE, SAMUEL. tative in Congress; he also served as delegate to several nominating He was born in New York; conventions. served seven years in the Assembly of that State, and was a Represen- LAWYER, THOMAS. tative in Congress, from the same, He was a member of the New from 1823 to 1825. York Assembly, from Schoharie County, in 1816, and was a Representative in Congress, from New He was born in Vermont, but re- York, from 1817 to 1819. moved to NewYork, and was elected a Representative in Congress, from LAY, GEORGE W. that State, from 1847 to 1849. He was born in iNew York, was a member of the New York AssemLAWRENCE, WILLIAM. bly, from Genesee County, in 1840, Born in Washington, Guernsey having been a Representative in County, Ohio, September 2, 1814; Congress, from 1833 to 1837. graduated at Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, in September, 1835; engaged in mercantile and agricul- He was born in Surry County, tural pursuits; and served in the North Carolina, January 26, 1782; 292 BI OGRAPHICAL SK E T C H E S. removed at an early day with his LEACH, DE WITT C. father to Tennessee, where he was Born in Clarence, Erie County, for several years Clerk of the House New York, November 23, 1822. of Representatives; he served gal- Ie was self-educated; bred a farmlantly in Florida and in the Creek er; chosen a member of the Michier; chosen a member of the Michicountry, under General Jackson, in gan Legislature in 1849 and 1850; the Indlian wars. He was a RIepre- and a member of the Convention to sentative in Congress, from 1833 to revise the State Constitution, in 1837, and for thirty years dis183, and for thirty years dis- 1850; he was also State Librarian charged the duties of cashier of 1855 and 1856; and was elected in 1855 and 1856; and was elected the State Bank, and Register of a Representative to the Thirty-fifth the State Land-office of Tennessee. Congress, from Midichigan, and is a In 1849 he was appointed, by Pre- member of the Committee on Resident Taylor, Indian Agent of the visal and Unfinished Business. Fort Leavenworth Agency, and was highly esteemed by the Indians LEADBETTER, D. P. under his charge. He was returnZn* rL l He was born in Pennsylvania, ing to his residence, after making He was born in Pennsylvania, the Indian payments of his agency, and having removed to Ohio, was when he was killed by a fall from elected a Representative in Conhis horse, Julne 1', 1851. gress, from 1837 to 1841. LEAKE, SHELTON F. LEA, PRYOIR, He was born in Virginia, and Born in Knox County, Tennessee, was a Representative in Congress, in 1794 was educated at Greenville from that State, from 1845 to 1847. College; studied law, as a profesLEAKE, WALTER. sion; and was admitted to the bar in 1817. He served with General He was a soldier in the revoluJackson in the Creek war, in 1813; tionary war; in 1821 was elected was Clerk to the Legislature in Governor of Mississippi, having 1816; United States District At- previously served as Senator of the torney in 1824; and a Representa- United States, from 1817 to 1820. tive in Congress, from 1827 to He died at Mount Salus, Hines 1831. In 1837 he removed to County, Mississippi, November 17, Jackson, Mississippi, and in 1847 1825. to Goliad, Texas, where he now resides. He projected the work LEARNED, AMASA. called the " Central Transit," for Born in Killingly, Connecticut, building a railroad from Arkansas November 15, 1750, and died at Bay to Mazatlan, and is President New London, May 4, 1825. I-e of the Company. graduated at Yale College in 1772; B IOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 293 studied divinity, but preached for York, a Presidential Elector, and a only a short time; and was a Re- member of Congress during the presentative in Congress, from Con- years 1836 and 1837. He died at necticut, from 1801 to 1805. le Geneva, New York, August 21, had been a member of the Conven- 1841. tion which ratified the Constitution of the United States; in 1818 was LEE, HENRY. a member of the Connecticut Constitutional Convention; and after- Born in Virginia, January 29, wards, frequently sat in the Assem- 1756, and graduated at Princeton bly of his native State. College in 1773. In 1776 he was appointed a captain of cavalry, unLEAVITT, HUMPHREY H. der Colonel Bland, and in September, 1777, he joined the main army. He was born in Suffield, ConHis skill in discipline and gallant necticunt, in June 1796; removed necticut, inJune,, remove bearing attracted the notice of at an early day with his father to Washington, and he was soon prothe Western Reserve of Ohio; rerooted to the rallk of major, with ceived an academical education; the command of a separate corps and adopted the profession of the of cavalry, and then advanced to law, having been admitted to the en the rank of lieutenant-colonel. bar in 1816; and he was a RepreFromn 1780 to the end of the war sentative in Congress, from 1831 to he served under Greene. The ser1834. He also served in the State vices of Lee's Legion in various Legislature, in the House in 1825 actions were very important.:He and 1826, and in the Senate in and 1826, and in the Senate in particularly distinguished himself 1827; and he has for many years 182 and he has for n the battle of Guilford; afterbeen Judge of the District Court he succeeded in capturof Ohio, having been appointed in ing Fort Corwallis, and other ing Fort Cornwallis, and other 1834, by President Jackson. forts; he was also conspicuotis at Ninety-six, and at the Eutaw LECOMPTE, JOSEPH. Springs. In 1786 he was appointHe was a Representative in Con- ed a Delegate in Congress, from gress, from Kentucky, from 1825 to Virginia, in which body he remained 1833. till the Constitution was adopted, having in the Convention of VirgiLEE, GIDEON. nia advocated its adoption. In He was born in Amherst, Massa- 1791 he was chosen Governor of chusetts, in 1777; in early life re- Virginia, and remained in office moved to the City of New York, three years. By appointment of where be became a leather mer- Washington, he commanded the chant, and amassed a large fortune. forces sent to suppress the Whisky He was at one time Mayor of New Insurrection in Pennsylvania. 1-He 294 B I OGRAPI I CAL SKETCII E S was a member of Congress at the had a seat in the House of Burperiod of Washington's death, in gesses of Virginia, in 1757, and 1799, and was appointed, by Con- proposed there, in 1773, the forgress, to deliver a eulogy on the mation of a committee of correoccasion. He it was who first ut- spondence. He had the honor of tered the memorable saying in re- originating the first resistance to gard to Washington-" First in British oppression, in the time of peace, first in war, and first in the the Stamp Act, in 1765. He was hearts of his countrymen." In 1801 a member of the First Congress in he retired to private life, and in 1774, and in October, prepared the his last years he was distressed with draft of the memorial to the people pecuniary embarrassments; while of British America. In accordance confined in 1809 within the bounds with instructions from the Virginia of Spottsylvania County, for debt, Convention, he first proposed in he wrote his valuable " Memoirs of Congress a declaration of indepenthe Southern Campaigns." In dence, June 7, 1776, and a com1814, during the mob at Baltimore, mittee was appointed to prepare it. ihe was one of the defenders, and The second eloquent address to the was severely wounded, and carried people of Great Britain was drawn to the jail for safety. Returningr up by him; and after the adoption from the West Indies, where he of the articles of the Confederation, had gone for health, he died at he withdrew from Congress, but Cumberland Island, near St. Mary's, was re-elected in 1784, and chosen Georgia, March 25, 1818. President of that body, serving till 1787. He contended for the necesLEE, JOHN. sity of amendments to the ConstituIHe was a Representative in Con- tion previously to its adoption in gress, from Maryland, from 1823 to 1789; and was a Senator, from 1825. Virginia, from 1789 to 1792. He LEE, JOSHUA. was the author of a number of poliHe was born in New York, and tical pamphlets, and his correspondence was published in 1825. served three years in the Legisla- pondence was published in 1825. ture of that State, from Ontario and Yates Counties, and was a Re- land County, Virginia, June 9, presentative in Congress, from New 17 94. York, from 1835 to 1837. LEE, SILAS. LEE, RICHARD HENRY. Ile graduated at Harvard UniWas born in Stratford, West- versity in 1784; was a Representamoreland County, Virginia, Janu- tive in Congress, from Massachnary 20, 1732, and was educated at setts, from 1799 to 1801; he was Wakefield, Yorkshire, England. He appointed, by President Adams, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 295 United States District Attorney for LEFFLER, SHEPHERD. Maine; ancd died in 1814. IlHe was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in ConLEE, THOM:AS. gress, from Iowa, from 1846 to He was a Representative in Con- 1851. gress, from New Jersey, from 1833 to 1837; and died at Port Eliza- LEFTWICH, JABEZ. beth, November 2, 1855. He was a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1821 to LEE, THOMAS BLAND. 1825. He was a native of Virginia, and a Representative in Congress, from LEGARE, HUGH SUMPTER. 1789 to 1795, having previously He was born at Charleston, South served in the Continental Congress, Carolina, January 2, 1719; graand died in 1827. duated at the College of that State, in 1814, and after having studied LEET, ISAAC. law, went to Europe, where he reBorn in Pennsylvania in 1802; mained until 1820, occupied with was for several years in the Senate the pursuits of literature. On his of that State; a Representative in return to Charleston, he devoted Congress, from 1829 to 1831; and himself to the practice of his prodied at Washington, Pennsylvania, fession and to agricultural pursuits. June 10, 1844. In 1830, he was appointed AttorneyGeneral of the State, and was the LEFEVRE, JOSEPH. principal editor of the Southern Review. In 1832 he was appointed Ele was a Representative in Con- Charg d'Affaires of the United gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1811 States to Belgium; from 1837 to to 1813. 1to. 839 was a Representative of his naLEFFERETS, JOHN. tive State, in Congress; and in 1841 was appointed Attorney-General He was a Representative in Con- of the United States, by President gress, from New York, from 1813 Tyler, and also Acting Secretary to 1815; a member of the State of State. He died, suddenly, at Constitutional Convention of 1821; Boston, June 16, 1843, while acand a State Senator, from 1822 to companying the President in his 1825. journey to attend the Bunker Hill Celebration. His fine taste as a - LEFFLER, ISAAC. writer, his eminent acquirements as He was a Representative in Con- a scholar, and his learning and elogress, from Virginia, from 1.827 to quence as a lawyer, were known 1829. and appreciated throughout the 296 BIOG RAPHICAL SKETCHES. Union. His writings were collected eminent men of his State, well and published in 1846. known as a lawyer and public man. From 1829 to 1841 he was ReLEIB, MICHAEL. porter of the State; frequently a He was a Representative in Con- member of the House of Delegates; gress, from Pennsylvania, from a member of the Convention of 1799 to 1806, and a Senator of the 1830, for revising the State ConUnited States from 1808 to 1814, stitution; and a Senator in Conand in the latter year, he was ap- gress, from 1834 to 1837. pointed Postmaster at PhiladelLEIPER, GEORGE G. phia. He was a Representative in ConLEIB, OWEN D. gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1829 He was born in Pennsylvania, to 1831. and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847. Born in Leitersburg, Washington County, Maryland, October 13, LEIDY, PAUL. 1813. He was chiefly educated by Born in Hemlock, Columbia his father; taught school in MaryCounty, Pennsylvania, November land, from 1830 to 1834; removed 21, 1813. He was educated at a to Ohio and taught there until common school; the early part of 1842, after which he was admitted his life was devoted to agricultural to the bar and devoted himself to pursuits; fromi the age of sixteen the practice of law, in which he was to twenty-four he followed the bu- successful; he was elected to the siness of a tailor; and having Ohio Legislature, in 1848, and was studied law and taught school at chosen temporary Chairman, by the the same time, has practiced the Democrats, acting as such throughprofession for about sixteen years. out the long contest of that year He was for five years District At- between his party and the Whigs, torney for Montour County; for which is now spoken of in Ohio as a short time Superintendent of the "days of the revolution; " in Common Schools, for the same 1849 he was re-elected, and chosen county; and was elected a Repre- Speaker; and in 1854 he was sentative to the Thirty-fifth Con- elected to Congress, and re-elected gress, serving as a member of the to each successive Congress, and is Committee on Roads and Canals. a member of the Committee on Indian Affairs. LEIGH, BENJAMIN WATKINS. Born in Virginia in 1782, and LENT, JAMES. died at Richmond, February 2, He was a member of Congress, 1849. He was one of the most frIom New York, from 1829 to BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 297 1833, and died in Washington, member of the Convention for reFebruary 24, 1833. lHe was Chair- forming the Constitution of Virgiman of the Committee on Expen- nia in 1850; and was elected a Reditures in the Department of State. presentative in the Thirty-second, Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth, and LEONARD, GEORGE. Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving at Born in Boston, in 1729; gra- present as a member of the Comduated at Harvard College in 1748; mittee of Ways and Means. He a Representative in Congress, from has recently been nominated by the 1789 to 1793, and frolm 1q95 to Democracy of Virginia, as their 1197; a man of unusual wealth; candidate for Governor of that for his learning was made a Doctor Commonwealth. of Laws; and died at Raynham, Massachusetts, July 26, 1819. His LETCHER, ROBERT P. descendants are numerous, and He was born in Gerard County, many of them distinguished. Kentucky; received a good education, and adopted the profession of LEONARD, MOSES G. law. He served a number of years He was born in Connecticut; was in the State Legislature, and was a Representative in Congress, from at one time elected Speaker of the New York, from 1843 to 1845. and House; was a Representative in was for severalyears, Commissioner Congress from 1823 to 1833; Goof Emigration in the City of New vernor of Kentucky in 1840; and York. in 1849 was appointed Minister to Mexico. LEONARD, STEPHEN B. He was born in New York, and LEVIN, LEWIS C. was a Representative in Congress, He was born in Charleston, South from that State, from 1835 to 1837, Carolina, November 10, 1808; reand again from 1839 to 1841. ceived a liberal education, having graduated at Columbia College, LETCHER, JOHN. South Carolina; adopted the profesBorn in Lexington, Rockbridge sion of law, and practiced the same in County, Virginia, March 29, 1813; Maryland, Louisiana, Kentucky and he commenced his classical studies Pennsylvania; and was a Repreat Washington College, and corn- sentative in Congress, from Pennpleted his education at Randolph sylvania, from 1845 to 1847, and Macon College; adopted the pro- again from 1847 to 1851, generally fession of law and was admitted to serving on the Committee on Naval practice in 1839; during that year Affairs. To him is generally awardhe established and for a time edited ed the credit of having founded, in the Valley Star, in Lexington; a 1843, the Native American party. 298 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. LEWIS, ABNER. LIGON, THOMAS W. He was born in New York; was He was born in Prince Edward a member of the Assembly of that County, Virginia, placed at an earState, from Chautauque County in ly age at Hampden Sydney Col1838 and 1839, and was a Repre- lege, but finished his education at sentative in Congress, from New the University of Virginia. He York, from 1845 to 184T. studied law, and after spending a year and a half at the Yale Law LEWIS, DIXON H. School, settled in Baltimore. He was a Representative in Congress, Born in Dinwiddie County, Vir- from Maryland, from 1845 to 1849, ginia, in 1802, and was educated at having been re-elected for a second the South Carolina College. Hlie term; and was elected in 1854 Gostudied law, removed to Alaba- vernor of that State. ma, and became eminent in his profession. He was an able and amia- LILLY, SAMUEL. ble man, and physically very large He was born in New York, and fleshy; and the story is related and was a Representative in Conof him, that when returning from gress, from that State, from 1853 home on one of the Southern steam- to 1855. ers, which was wrecked, he refused to take a seat in a small boat, be- LINCOLN, ABITAHAM. cause the lives of several persons He was born in HTardin County, would thereby be jeopardized, and Kentucky, February 12, 1809; rethough for a time he was in great ceived a limited education; adopted danger, he was rescued. He Repre- the profession of law; was a capsented Alabama in Congress, from tain of volunteers in the Black 1829 to 1843, and from 1844 until Hawk war; at one time Postmashis death was a Senator in Con- ter of a small village; four times gress. Died in New York, October elected to the Illinois Legislature; 25, 1848. and a Representative in Congress, from Illinois, from 1847 to 1849. LEWIS, JOSEPH. LINCOLN ENOCH. He was a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1803 to Born in Worcester, Massachu18so0. setts, December 28, 1788; and after studying law, settled in Fryeburg, Maine, and afterwards removed to LEWIS, WILLIAM J. Paris. He was a member of the Hie was a Representative in Con- United States House of Represengress, from Virginia, from 1817 to tatives, from 1818 to 1826, when 1819. he was elected Governor of Maine, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 299 and re-elected in 1828. HEe pub- Kentucky when a boy, and lived at lished, while at Fryeburg, a poem, Cynthiana several years; was a entitled "The Village;" he was student in Woodville College, Ohio, also the author of some historical for two years; studied law, and recollections of Maine. He died located at Monticello, Missouri, in at Augusta, October 8, 1829. 1846. In 1848 he was elected Circuit Attorney for eight counties, LINCOLN, LEVI. and re-elected in 1852. He was a A native of nMIassachusetts; fgra- Representative in the Thirty-third duated at Harvard College in 1712; Congress, and was re-elected to the and settled as a lawyer in Worces- Thirty-fourth. He afterwards reter, where he rose to distinction; moved to Davenport, Iowa, and he was a Representative in Con- engaged in the practice of his progress, from 1199 to 1801, and dur- fession. ing the administration of President Adams, he wrote a series of politi- LINDSLEY, WILLIAM D. cal papers, called "Farmer's Let- HIe was born in Connecticut, and ters." In 1801 he was appointed having removed to Ohio, was electAttorney-General of the United ed a Representative in Congress, States, and acted as Secretary of from that State, from 1853 to 1855. State, until Mr. Madison reached Washington; and in 1807 was LINN, ARCHIBALD L. Lieutenant-Governor of MassachulHe was born in New York, was setts; acting as Governor in 1809, a Representative in Congress, from after the death of Governor Sul-, that State from 1841 to 1843 and livan. In 1811 he was Associatethat State,, was a member of the State Assemjudge of the Supreme Court. lie bly, from Schenectady, in 1844. died at Worcester, Massachusetts, April 14, 1820, aged seventy-one years. LINN, JAMES. LINCOLN, LEVI. HIe graduated at Princeton ColHe was born in Massachusetts; lege in 1769, and was a Represenwas Governor of that State from tative in Congress, from New Jer1825 to 1834; and frorm 1834 to sey, from 1799 to 1801, when he 1841 was a Representative in Con- was appointed by President Adams gress. IHe also served a number of years in the Legislature of that State. LINN, JOHN. He was a Representative in ConLINDLEY, JAMES J. gress, from New Jersey, of which Born at Mansfield, Ohio, January State he was a native, from 1817 to 1, 1822; went with his parents to 1821. 300 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. LINN, LEWIS F. and was elected a Representative Born near Louisville, Kentucky, in Congress, from that State, from November 5, 1795 He was edu-, 1811 to 1813, and was in the latter cated'chiefly by an elder brother year appointed, by President Madison, colonel of infantry; and agrain and studied medicine. In 1809 he, colonel of infantry; and again a Representative in Congress from removed to Missouri; and in 1814 helped to fight the battles of his 1816 to 1829. country; after successfully practic- LITTLEFIELD, NATHANIEL S. ing his profession, he was elected to the State Legislature in 1827; and Born in Wells, York County, in 1833 was elected a Senator in e, September 20, 1804; reCongress, in which capacity he ceived a common school education; served until his death, which oc- studied and adopted the profession curred at St. Genevieve, Missouri, of law; was a member of the Maine October 3, 1843. He proved him- Senate in 1837, 1838, and 1839; self to be a man of remarkable President of the same a part of the abilities, identified himself through- time; a Representative, from Maine, of the Twenty-seventh and Thirtyout his whole career in Congress e Twety-se with the interests of the valley of first Congresses; and a member of the Mississippi, and when he died, the Maine House of Representatives in 1854. Now devoted to his promany of the best men in the counfession. try eulogized him for his manifold fession. virtues. LIVERMORE, ARTHUR. Born in Londonderry, New HampLITCHFIELD, ELISHA. shire, July 26, 1776. He was a He was born in New York; Judge of the Supreme Court of served five years in the State Legis- New Hampshire from 1799 to 1816; lature, from Onondaga County; from 1825 to 1833 Judge of the and was a Representative in Con- Common Pleas; and a Representagress, from that State, from 1821 tive in Congress from 1817 to 1821, to 1823, and again from 1823 to and from 1823 to 1825. He died 1825. at Campton, New Hampshire, July LITTLE, EDWARD P. 1,1853. He was born in Massachusetts, LIVERMORE, EDWARD S. and was a Representative in Con- He was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1842 gress, from Massachusetts, from to 1853. 1807 to 1811. LITTLE, PETER. LIVERMORE, SAMUEL. IHe was born in Petersburg, Penn- Born in Waltham, New HIampsylvania; removed to Maryland; shire, in 1732; graduated at Prince BIOGRAP H I CAL SK E TCH E S. 301 ton College in 1752; was Judge- bassador to France; a RepresenAdvocate of the Admiralty before tative in Congress, from New York, the Revolution; subsequently Judge from 1803 to 1807. He died at of the Superior Court of New Livingston Manor, New York, DeHampshire; and a Senator in Con- cember 22, 1810, aged forty-two. gress, from 1793 to 1801. He died at Holderness, May, 1803. LIVINGSTON, ROBERT LE ROY. He was elected a Representative LIVINGSTON, EDWARD. in Congress, from the Sixth ConBorn at Claremont, Livingston gressional District of New York, Manor, New York, in 1764; gra- from 1809 to 1813, but resigned in duated at Princeton College in 1812, when he was succeeded by T. 1781; studied law, and was admit- P. Grosvenor; he was then apted to the bar in 1'785, and pursued pointed, by President Madison, lieuhis profession till 1795, when he was tenant-colonel of infantry. elected a Representative to Congress, from New York City, serving until 1802. He was then appointed He was at one time Governor of United States Attorney for the Dis- Maryland; a member of Congress trict of New York, and was also from 1806 to 1809; and served as mayor of the city. Removing to United States Senator, from MaryNew Orleans in 1804 he became land, from 1819 to 1826. He was eminent there as a lawyer; at the highly respected, both in public and invasion of Louisiana he acted as private life. He died June 2, 1834. the aid to General Jackson; and was elected a Representative, of LLOYD, JAMES. Louisiana, in Congress, from 1823 He was a Senator in Congress, to 1829, and as a Senator of the from Maryland, from 1797 to 1800. United States from 1829 to 1831, when he was appointed, by Presi- LLOYD, JAMES. dent Jackson, Secretary of State, He was born in Boston, Massaand in 1833 Minister to France. chusetts, in 1769; graduated at His " Penal Code" is considered a Harvard University in 1787; and monument of his profound learning. devoted himself to mercantile purHe died at Rhinebeck, May 23, suits, and resided in Russia a num1836. ber of years. He devoted some attention to literature; was elected LIVINGSTON, I-IENRY WALTER. a member of the American AcadeWas born in 1764; graduated at my of Arts and Sciences; and reYale College in 1786, and was ceived from his Almna Mlater, in educated to the law; he was secre- 1826, the degree of Doctor of Laws. tary, in 1792, to Mr. Morris, Am- He was a Senator in Congress, 302 BIO GRAPHICAL SK ETC HE S. from Massachusetts, from 1808 to He was a member of the Congress 1813, and again from 1822 to 1826, at Halifax, in 1776, which formed serving as Chairman of the Com- the Constitution of North Carolina, mittees on Commerce and Naval and was a Representative in the Affairs. htis reputation was that Congress of the United States, from of an able statesman and a wealthy 1793 to 1799. He also served in and benevolent man. He died in the Legislature, and had four sons, New York City, April 5, 1831. at one time, in the revolutionary war. LOCKE, FRANCIS. Born in iowan County, North LOCKHART, JAMES. Carolina, October 31, 1766. He He was born in New York, but was elected Judge of the Superior removed to Indiana, and was electCourt in 1803, and, having resigned, ed a Representative in Congress, was chosen a Senator in Congress, from 1851 to 1853. for the years 1814 and 1.815. Died January, 1823. LOGAN, GEORGE. LOCKE, JOHN. Born at Stanton, near Philadelphia, September 9, 1753. He was He was born in IHopkinton, 3as- educated at Edinbnrg for the mesachusetts, in 1764; graduated at dical profession, but devoted a Cambridge in 17 92; wvas admitted great portion of his time to agriculto the bar in 1796, and opened an ture; and was a member of the Leoffice in Ashby. He represented gislature of Pennsylvania. In 1798 that town, in the Legislature, in he embarked for Europe for the sole 1804,:1805, 1813, acndl 1823. In purpose of preventing a war between 182.0 he was a member of the Con- America and France, and prepared stitutional Convention of the State; the way for a negotiation which and from 1823 to 1829 was a Re-terminated in peace. He was a presentative in Congress, from the Senator of the United States, from Worcester North District. In 1830 1801 to 1807. le went to Enghe was State Senator, from Middle- land in February, 1810, on the sex County; and in 1831' was aceful mission member of the Executive Council. to France, but not with the him to France, but not with the 3le removed to Lowell in 1837, and same success. I-e was an active thence, in 1849, to Boston, where 1nmember of the Philosophical Society he died March 29, 1855. and the State Board of Agriculture; and in 1797 published "ExperiLOCKE, MATTHEW. meats on Gypsum" and "Rotation Born in Rowan County, North of Crops." He died at Stanton, Carolina, in 1730, and died in 1801. April 9, 1821. BIO GRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 303 LOGAN, HENRY. death, he was the only surviving He was born i Pennsylvania, delegate from Massachusetts. From He was born in Pennsylvania, 1817 to 1836 he was a member of and was a Representative in Conthe Corporation of Bowdoin Colgress, fromr that State, from 1835 to 1839. lege, from which institution he received the degree of LL.D. He LOGAN, WILLIAM. was a Representative in Congress, firom Maine, from 1823 to 1825, Hie was born in *Warrodsburg,, and died at Portland, August 2, Kentucky, December 8, 1776; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention in 1799; studied LOOMIS, A. law and practiced with success; was He was a Representative in Confrequently in the Legislature, and gress, from Ohio, from 1837 to officiated as Speaker; was twice 1838. chosen Judge of the Court of Appeals; was a Senator in Congress LOOMIS, ARPIIAXAD. during the years 1819 and 1820; He was for three years a member and died August 8, 1822. of the Legislature of Nlew York, from Herkimer County, and a ReLONG, EDWARD H. presentative in Congress, from that He was born in Maryland, and State, from 1837 to 1839. was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847. Born in Lyme, Connecticut, DeLONG, JOHN. cember 11, 1800; graduated at Yale College in 1821; was for two Born in Randolph County, North years Professor of [Mathematics in Carolina; was a farmer by profes-.Washington College; had charge sion; entered public life as a SesatorXin entheredsblc life as and for three years of an academy in the nator in the Assembly in 1815, and City of Baltimore; devoted himself, in 1821 was elected to Congress as in Baltimore, for several years, to a Representative, from lEorth Caa Representative, from North Ca- the study of medicine, and rec'eived rolina, where he remained until 1829. a diploma from Yale College in 1829; spent fifteen years in the LONGIFELLOW, STEPHEN. practice of his profession at Sag Ile was born about the year Harbor, New York, when he re1770; graduated at Harvard Uni- tired; and was a Representative in versity in 1789; for many years Congress, from New York, from a, leading politician and lawyer in 1847 to 1849. He was also a deleMaine; and a member of the gate to the Baltimore National ConHartford Convention in 1814, of vention for nominating a President, which body, at the time of his in 1840. 304 BIOGRAPHICALi SKETCHES. LOVE, JAMES. LOVETT, JOHN. He was a Representative in Con- He graduated at Yale College, gress, fromn Kentucky, from 1833 and was a member of the New York to 1835. Assembly in 1800 and 1801, and a Representative in Congress, from LOVE, JOHN. that State, from 1813 to 1814, and He was a Representative in Con- from 1815 to 1817. He died in gress, from Virginia, from 1807 to 1818. 1811. LOWELL, JOSHUA A. LOVE, TIIHOMRAS C. He was born in Thomaston, He was a Representative in Con- Maine, March 20, 1801; his edugress, from New York, from 1835 cational advantages were limited, to 1837. but he commenced active life by teaching school; he adopted the LOVE, WILLIAM C. profession of law; was a member Born in Virginia, educated at the of the Maine Legislature in 1826, University of North Carolina, of 1831, and 1832, and a Representawhich his father was Steward; was tive in Congress, from Maine, from a lawyer by profession, and a 1839 to 1843. Representative in Congress, from LOWER CHRISTIAN. North Carolina, from 1815 to 181M7. He was a Representative in ConLOVEJOY, OWEN. gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1805 to 1807. He was born in Albion, Kennebec County, Maine, January 6, LOWNDES, THOAMAS. 1811; labored on a farm until 1811; labored on a farm until He was born in Charleston, South eighteen years of age; taught Carolina, in 1765; received a school, and obtained the means for thorough education, and was one of a college education, which he re- the chivalrous citizens of his native ceived at Bowdoin. He was a city. Hie was a Representative in clergyman of the Congregational Congress, from South Carolina, Church, at Princeton, Illinois, from from 1801 to 1805, and was distin1838 to 1854, and was elected a uished for his talents. He died guished for his talents. He died Representative in the Illinois Le-. in Charleston, July 8, 1843. gislature in 1854, when he resigned his pastoral duties; and in 1856 LOWNDES, WILLIAM. was elected a Representative from LOWNDES, WILLIA that State to the Thirty-fifth Con- He was a native of Charleston, gress, and re-elected to the Thirty- South Carolina, and was a Represixth. He is a member of the Com- sentative in Congress, from that mittee on Revolutionary Claims. State, from 1811 to 1822, when, BIO G RAPHICAL SIKETCHES. 305 from illhealth, heresigned. In 1818 graduated as Doctor of Civil and he was Chairman of the Committee Common Law in 1782. He pracof Ways and Means. He died ticed his profession in his native while on a voyage with his family country two years, and then emifrom Philadelphia to London, in grated to the United States, and the ship Moss, October 27, 1822, settled on a farm near Pittsburg, aged forty-two. He had a memory Pennsylvania, where, in connecof uncommon power, was an elo- tion with agricultural pursuits, he quent debater, and stood in the first devoted himself to acquiring the rank of American statesmen. English language, and making himself acquainted with the history, LOWRIE, WALTER. constitution, and laws of his adoptHee was a Senator in Congress, ed country. He soon gained the from New Jersey, from 1819 to confidence of the people, and in 1825. 1792 was elected to the Legislature of Pennsylvania, and served as a LOYALL, GEORGE. Judge in the Court of Common Born in Norfolk, Virginia, May Pleas, for his district. In 1802 he 29, 1789; graduated at William was elected a Representative in and Mary College in 1808. In Congress, and re-elected in 1804. 1815 he visited England, and on In 1805 he was appointed, by Prehis return in 1817, was elected a sident Jefferson, Judge of the member of the House of Delegates United States Court in Upper of Virginia, and served ten years. Louisiana, when he resigned his In 1829 was a member of the Con- seat in Congress, and removed to vention to amend the State Consti- St. Louis. He was also Commistution, and from 1831 to 1837 he sioner of Land Titles in that Terwas a Representative in Congress. ritory. IHe held the office of Judge In 1837 he was appointed Navy until 1820, when he retired to priAgent at Norfolk, and with the ex- vate life, on a farm adjoining the ception of two years, he has occu- City of St. Louis, where he died in pied that position ever since. September, 1842. LUCAS, EDWARD. LUCAS, WILLIAM. e was born in Virginia, and e was born in Virginia, and lie was born in Virginia, and in Congress, was a Representative in Congress, rmas a epresentative im8 Con gress, from that State, from 1839 to 1841, from that State, from 1833 to 1837. and for a second term, from 1843 LUCAS, JOHN B. C. to 1845. He was born in Normandy, LUMPKIN, JOHN H. France, in 1762; was educated at Hle was born in Oglethorpe the University of Caen, where he County, Georgia, June 13, 1812; 20 306 BI ORAP H I CAL SKET C H E S. he was educated at Franklin and LYLE, AARON. Yale Colleges; served for a time He was a Representative in as secretary in the Executive De- Congress, from Pennsylvania, from partment of Georgia; studied law, 1809 to 1817. and was admitted to the bar in 1834; was elected to the State Le- LYMAN, J. S. gislature in 1853; in 1838 he was He was born in Hampden, MasHe was born in Hampden, BasSolicitor-General of the Cherokee sachusetts, and was a RepresentaCircuit; and he was a Representa- tive in Congress, from New York, five in Congress, from New York, tive in Congress, from Georgia, from 1819 to 1821. from 1843 to 1849, and re-elected to the Thirty-fourth Congress. He LYMAN, SAMUEL. also held the office, for three years, He was a graduate of Yale Colof Judge of the Cherokee Circuit lege in 1770; a Representative Court, and that of Judge of the lege in 170; a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, Supreme Court of the State. from 1795 to 1800. Died in 1802. LUMPKIN, WILSON. LYMAN, WILLIAM. Born in Pittsylvania County, A native of Northampton, MasVirginia, January 14, 1783. He sachusetts; graduated at Yale received a common school educa- College in 1776, and was brigadiertion, and while engaged as a copy- general of militia. He was a Reing clerk, in his father's office, presentative in Congress, from 17 93 studied law. Soon after attaining to 1797; and appointed Consul to the age of twenty-one he was London in 1805, where he died, Ocsent to the State Legislature, and tober, 1811, aged about fifty-eight continued in that capacity a num- years. ber of years. He was twice elected Governor of Georgia. In 1823 he was appointed, by President Mon- He was a Representative in Conroe, to mark out the boundary line fo 1849. between Georgia and Florida; and, by President Jackson, was ap- LYON, ASA. pointed a Commissioner, under the Was a native of Connecticut; a Cherokee treaty of 1835. He was graduate of Darmouth College, in also a member of the Board of 1790, and shortly after his graduaPublic Works. He served in the tion removed to South Hero, VerFederal House of Representatives, mont. He was appointed Chief from 1815 to 1817, and from 1827 Judge of Grand Isle County, in to 1831; and was a Senator in 1805, 1806, 1808, and 1813. He Congress, from 1838 to 1841. was elected a Representative, from BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 307 South Hero, in 1802, 1804, 1805, LYON, CHITTENDEN. 1806, and 1808, and from Grand was aRepresentativein ConIsle, in 1810, 1811, 1812, 1813, and gress, from Kentucky, from 1827 1814. He was a member of the and died in Cadwell to 1835, and died in Caldwell Executive Council, in 1808; and was elected a member of Congress, 1842. from 1815 to 181Y. He was a member of the Corporation of the LYON, FRANCIS S. University of Vermont, from 1814'. [ e was born in ~North Carolina, to 1821, inclusive. He is said to and having settled in Alabama, was have been a second cousin of lRoelected a Representative in Conbert Burns, the Scotch poet. e gress, from 1835 to 183 was for many years, and until his death, an able preacher of the gos- LYON, LUCIUS. pei. Although never regularly innHe was born in Vermont, but stalled, he prefered the Calvinistic He was born in ermont, but form of worship. He was distin- emigrated to Michigan when quite guished for his ripe scholarship and a young man; devoted himself for eloquence. By rigid economy and a number of years to the business prudence, he amassed wealth, and of surveying the wild lands of the died at South Hero, April 4, 1841. Territory; was a Delegate in ConHis published sermons and patriotic gress, from that Territory, during addresses indicate a high order of the years 1833, 1834 and 1835; and a Senator in Congress, from the talent, and an intimate acquaintance State of Michigan, from 1836 to with modern and classic literature. State of ichigan, from 1836 to 1840; and a Representative in Congress, from 1843 to 1845. His LYON, CALEB. 1 last public position was that of He was born in Lyonsdale, Lewis Surveyor-General in the NorthCounty, New York, and liberally west. Died at Detroit, September educated, and while devoting him- 25, 1851. self to the quiet pursuits of literature, was elected a Representative LYON, MATTHEW. in the Thirty-third Congress, from He was born in Wicklow County, New York; and was subsequently Ireland, in 1746, and having emielected for one term to each house grated to this country when thirof the State Legislature. By way teen years of age, participated to of distinction he signs his name some extent in the revolutionary Caleb Lyon, of Lyonsdale. He struggle, having in 1777 been aphas traveled extensively in the pointed temporary Paymaster of West and the East, and has re- the Northern army, and in 1778 cently devoted some attention to Deputy Secretary of the Governor lecturing. of Vermont, and at the same time 308 2 IO G RAPHICAL SKETCHES. Clerk of the Court of Confiscation. he wished to have the money He settled in Vermont after the refunded to him. On July 4, war, and was elected a member of 1840, a law was passed, paythe State Legislature, in 1799 and ing to his heirs the specified sum, the three following years. In 1783 with interest from February, 1799. he founded the town of Fairhaven, It was while in prison at Vergennes, where he built saw-mills, grist-mills, that he was elected to Congress, established a forge or iron foundry, from Vermont, and at the close of manufactured paper from bass- his services in Congress, from Kenwood, and established a newspaper, tucky, he was employed to build called The Farmers' Library. gun-boats for the war, but became He served that town in the Legis- bankrupt from the speculation. In lature ten years. In 1786 he was 1820 he was appointed a Factor Assistant Judge of Rutland Coun- among the Cherokee Indians in ty. He was a Representative in Arkansas; when that Territory was Congress, from Vermont, from organized, he was elected the first 1799 to 1801, and it was during Delegate to Congress, but did not his first term that he had a personal live to take his seat, having died at difficulty, on the floor of Congress, Spadra Bluff, Arkansas, August 1, with Roger.Griswold, of Connecti- 1822. cut, when an unsuccessful effort was made to have him expelled. The LTTLE, ROBERT T. fact of his giving the vote that He was distinguished as a public made Jefferson President, is well speaker, and was a member of Conknown. At the end of his second gress, from Ohio, from 1833 to term as a Representative, from 1835. He died in New Orleans, Vermont, he removed to Kentucky, December 21, 1839. served two years in the Legislature of that State, and was a Represen- MACE, DANIEL. tative in Congress, from that State,, Was a native of Ross County, from 1803 to 1811. After his Ohio; he commenced life as a merfinal retirement from Congress, and on November 13, ch ant, in Warren County, Indiana, a r,o vem H e but subsequently became a successSpeaker of the House of Repreful lawyer. He was a Representasentatives presented a petition from f. H w r tive in Congress, from Indiana, him, setting forth that he had, from 1851 to 1855. many years before, been prosecuted and convicted under the sedition MACHIR JAMES. law, (see " State Trials of the United States,") that he had suffered Hle was a Representative in Conimprisonment, and been made to gress, from Virginia, from 1797 to pay the sum of $1060 90, and that 1199. B I O G RAPHICAL S KETCHES. 309 MACLAY, SAMUEL. MACON, NATHANIEL. He was a Representative in Con- He was born in Warren County, gress, from Pennsylvania, from North Carolina, in 1757. His 1795 to 1798, and a Senator in early youth was marked by diligence Congress, from 1803 to 1808. in the acquisition of knowledge, and he was sent to Princeton ColMACLAY WILLIAM. MAilCLrY, WI~IAM. / lege to complete his education; but He was a Senator in Congress, the troubles of the Revolution from Pennsylvania, from 1789 to closed the halls of that institution, 1791, and died in April, 1804. and he returned home and volunteered as a private in a company MACLAY, WILLIAM. commanded by his brother, having He was a Representativein Con- refused a higher position. While gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1815 in the army, he was elected a memto1817, andagainfrom1817to1819. ber of the General Assembly, in which he served for several years. MIACLAY, WILLIAM 13. MACLAYn, NwILLIA B.ty In 1791 he was elected a RepresenBorn in New Yfork City in 1815; tative in Congress, and continued a graduated at the University of New member of that body until transYorlk, where he subesequelntly offi- ferred to the United States Senate, ciated for a time as Professor of in 1815, where he served until 1828. Latin; he was also a Trustee, as From 1801 to 1805hewas Speaker well as Secretary of the University; of the Rouse, and from 1825 to he adopted the profession of the 1828 he was President pro tem. law; and in 1836 he was associate of the Senate. He was for thirtyeditor of the ANew York Quarterly seven years a member of the Magazine. He was also an active House or Senate, and was called member of the Legislature of New the Father of the House, having tork a for several years, and was served a longer time in that body elected a Representative in Con- than any other man. In 1828 his gress, from that State, in 1843; was native State, in honor of his serre-elected in 1845, 1847, and also vices, named a county for him. Re in 1857, serving generally on import- afterwards returned to the General ant committees. He has recently Assembly, and in 1835 was Presibeen re-elected a Representative in dent of the Constitutional Conventhe Thirty-sixth Congress, which tion of the State. He died sudwill matke his fifth term. denly, at his residence, June 29, MACLAY, WILLIAM P. 1837. HIe was born in Northumberland MACY, JOHN B. County, Pennsylvania, and was a MACY, JOHN B. Representative in Congress, from He was a Representative in Conthat State, from 1816 to 1821. gress, from Wisconsin, from 1853 310 B I GRAPHICAL SKETCHES. to 1855. He resided at Fond du Federalist, and his collected State Lac, and was lost, September 24, papers and miscellaneous writings by the burning of the steamboat have been published in six volumes. Niagara, on Lake Michigan. He died at Montpelier, Orange County, Virginia, June 28, 1836. MADISON, JAMES. MAGEE, JOHN. He was born on the Rappahan-GEE, nock River, in Virginia, March 16, He was born in New York, and 1751; and after due preparation he was a Representative in Congress, entered Princeton College in 1769, from that State, from 1827 to 1831. and graduated in 1771, going through the junior and senior stu- ALLAN B. dies in one year. He remained at A native of Kentucky, and a lawthe College until 1772, for the pur- yer by profession. He removed to pose of studying Hebrew. In 1776 Louisiana., and in 1805 published he was sent to the General Assem- "Reflections on the Cession of bly, and in 1778 was a member of Louisiana to the United States;" the Executive Council; from 1779 and was a Senator in Congress, to 1785 he was a member of the from that State, from 1812 to 1813. Continental Congress, and was He had collected materials for a chosen a second time in 1786; in general history of the Indians. He 1789 he was a member of the Con- died at Opelousas, Louisiana, in vention at Philadelphia which April, 1822. formed the Federal Constitution, and he was a Representative in MAGRUDER, PATRICK. Congress, under the Constitution, He was born in Montgomery from 1789 to 1797. In 1798 he County, Maryland, in 1768; eduwent again into the Assembly, and cated at Princeton College; adoptin 1800 was an Elector for Presi- ed the profession of law; and was a dent. In 1801 he was Secretary Representative in Congress, from of State of the United States, which Maryland, from 1805 to 1807; and office he held until 1809, when he was Clerk of the United States was elected President of the Uni- House of Representatives, from ted States, and served two entire 1807 to 1815. I-e died in Petersterms. After leaving the Executive burg, Virginia, in 1819 or 1820. chair, he retired to private life on his estate, known as Montpelier. MALBONE, FRANCIS. He was subsequently a Visitor and He was a Senator in Congress, Rector of the University of Virgi- from Rhode Island, in 1809, having nia; and in 1829 a member of the previously been a Representative in State Convention, which was the Congress, from that State, from last public position he held. He 1793 to 1797. He died June 4, was one of the contributors to the 1809. B I GRAPHI CAL S E TC E S. 311 MALLARY, ROLLIN C. Court; and from 1823 to 1826, Hle was born in New Haven, Con- served as a Representative in Connecticut, in 1784, and died in Balti- gress. He was elected a United more, April 16, 1831. lHe repre- States Senator in 1831, re-elected sented the State of Vermont in in 1841, and for a third term in 1848. In 1837 he received eleven Congress, from 1819 to 1831, and Ctook an active part in a1 matters electoral votes for President of the took an active part in all matters appertaining to commerce as chair- United States; and during the adman of an important committee. ministration of President committyler was was held in the highest estimation President of the United States Seboth for his public acts and private nate. He has of late years lived in virtues. retirement at his home in North Carolina. MALLORY, FRANCIS. MANN, ABIJAH, Ja. IHe was born in Virginia, and Born at Fairfield, H erkimer was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1839, from that Stte, from 183 to 1839, 1793; he received a good common and again from 1841 to 1843. school education, and became a MALLORY, MEREDITH. teacher in the district school in Oneida County; he was afterwards Hee was born iln Connecticut, and aa merchant, postmaster, and justice was a Representative in Congress, of the peace; and elected to the LefromL New York, from 1839 to 1841. gislature in 1827, serving by reelections until 1830. He was a MALLORY, S. R. Representative in Congress, from He is a Senator in Congress, from 1833 to 1837, during which time he Florida, having been elected in 1851, served on several committees, being serving continuously, by re-election, once Chairman of the Committee on to the present time. He is Chair- Rules and Orders of the House. In man of the Committee on Naval 1837, on returning to his native Affairs, and a member of the Com- county, he was again re-elected to mittee on Claims. the Legislature. He afterwards removed to New York City, and MANBGUM1, WILIE P. declined all official employments. Born in Orange County, North Carolina, in 1792, and graduated at MANN, HORACE. the university of that State in 1815. Born in Franklin, Massachusetts, He studied law, rose to eminence May 4, 1796. He was, to some in his profession, entered into poli- degree, self-educated, but graduatics, and was elected to the House ted at Brown University in 1819; of Commons, in 1818. In 1819 he he studied law at Litchfield, Conwas elected a Judge of the Superior necticut, and while Counselor-at 312 B IO G RAP H I CAL SKETC H E S. law, in Dedham, Massachusetts, was MANNING, RICHARD I. elected to the State Legislature. Ile rHe was born in South Carolina; iHe removed to Boston in 1836, graduated at the State College at where he was elected to the State Columbia i 1811; was frequently Senate, chosen President of the in the Upper and Lower House of Massachusetts Board of Education, -, the State Legislature; was Governand elected a melmber of Congress, or of South Carolina for two years; fronm 1848 to 1853. Since that and a Representative in Congress, time he has been devoted to mat- from 1834 to 1836; and died May ters connected with education, hay- 1836, at Philadelphia, before the ing been appointed President of expiration of his term, very suddenly, Antioch College and the North- while seated at the table with his western Christian University at In- family. He was greatly respected dcianapolis. for his talents and virtues, Mr. MIANN, JOB. Preston and Mr. Pinckney both eulo-, gizing him in Congress. He was born in Bethel Town- gizing him in Congress. ship, Bedford County, Pennsylvania, ),,MARBILE JOHN IT. March 31, 1795; received a common school education; in 1816 was He was a Representative in Conappointed clerk to a board of county gress, from Tennessee, from 1825 commissioners; two years after- to 1829. wards he was appointed register,, MzARtCHAND, ALE3EnT Go. recorder, and clerk, for the courts of Bedford County, all of which po- He was a Representative in Consitions he continued to hold until gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1835, when he was elected a Re- 1899 to 1843, and died at his resipresentative in Congress, where he deuce, in Greensburg, Pennsylvaserved one term. In 1839 he was nia, February 5, 1848. admitted to the bar; in 1842 was appointed State Treasurer, which MARCHAND, DAVID. office he held for three terms; and He was born in Westmoreland in 1847 was again elected to Con- County, Pennsylvania, and was a gress, where he served until 1851, Representative in Congress, from declining a re-election. that State, from 181 7 to 1821. MANN, JOEL K. MARCY, WILLIAM LARNED. -lHe was born in Pennsylvania, in He was born in Sturbridge, Wor1780, and was a Representative in cester County, Massachusetts, in Congress, from that State, from 1786, and died in Ballston Spa, 1831 to 1835. He died in Mont- New York, July 4, 1857. He gragomery County, Pennsylvania, in duated at Brown University in 1857. 1808; taught school for awhile in BIOGRAPHICAL SKETC HES. 313 Newport, Rhode Island; studied MARKELL, JACOB. law, and commenced practice in Iewasa Representativein ConTroy, New York. He was ap- gress, from New York, from 1813 to pointed Recorder of that City in 1815. 1816; made Comptroller in 1823, and removed to Albany. In 1829 MARKLEY, PHILIP S. he was appointed Judge of the He was a Representative in ConSupreme Court of the State. He gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1823 was elected to the -United States to 1827, and was in the latter year Senate in 1831, elected Governor,appointed Naval Officer for the of New York in 1832, and re-elect- port of Philadelphia. ed in 1834. HEle was Secretary of War, under President Polk, from MARKS, WILLIAM. 1845 to 1849; and Secretary of 1845 to 1849; and Secretary of Was a Senator in Congress, from State, under President Pierce, from Pennsylvania from 1825 to 1831. 1853 to 1857. He was a hardworking, careful, plain man, and a MARR, ALEM, good scholar. As a statesman and diplomatist, he had the reputation He graduated at Princeton Colof displaying both judgment and lege in 1807; was a Representative zn q in Congress, from Pennsylvania, skill; but his crowning virtue was from Pennsylvania, firom 1829 to 1831. his incorruptible integrity. MARR, GEORGE W. L. MARDIS, SAMIUEL W. MHe was a Representative in ConBorn in Alabama in 1801, and gress, from Tennessee, from 1817 to died at Talladega, in that State, 1819. November 14, 1837. He was a Representative in Congress, from MARROW, JOHN. Alabama, from 1831 to 1835, and He was a Representative in Conwas much respected for his manly gress, from Virginia, from 1805 to virtues. 1809. MARION, ROBERT. MARSH, CHARLES. IHe was a native of South Caro- Born at Lebanon, Connecticut, lina, and a Representative in Con- July 10, 1765, but with his father's gress, from that State, from 1805 to family removed to Vermont, before 1810. the Revolution. He graduated at Dartmouth College in 1786, stuMlARKIELL, HENRY. died law, and commenced practice He was a Representative in Con- at Woodstock, Vermont. He was gress, from New York, from 1825 to for fifty years devoted to his profes1829. sion, and for a long time at the head 314 B I OGRAPHI CAL SKETCHES. of the bar in the State. He served the Goths, whose presence he traces as a member of Congress, from 1815 in whatever is great and peculiar in to 1817, and while in Washington the character of the founders of became identified with the American New England. In a work entitled Colonization Society as one of its "The Goths in New England," he founders. He acquired great popu- has contrasted the Gothic and Rolarity as a patron of benevolent so- man characters, which he appears cieties generally, and was a highly to regard as the great antagonistic influential and useful citizen. Died principles of society at the present at Woodstock, Vermont, January day. He is also the author of a 11, 1849. grammar of the old Northern or Icelandic language, and of various MARSH, GEORGE P. essays, literary and historical, relating to the Goths and their connecBorn in Woodstock, Vermont, tions with America. He is the auMarch 15, 1801; was educated at thor of an interesting work on the Dartmouth College, where he gra- camel, and his published addresses duated in 1820. He afterwards re- and speeches are quite numerous. moved to Burlington Vermont, Since his return from Tul iey he has where he commenced the study of been performing the duties of Comthe law; and he has since made missioner of IRailroads for the State that place his home. After his ad- of Vermont. His library is said to mission to the bar, he came into an be one of the finest in this country, extensive practice, and devoted rich beyond compare, in Scandinamuch of his time to politics. He vian literature. was a member of the State Legislature in 1835, and in 1842 he took MARSHALL, ALEXANDER K. his seat in the United States House He was born in Kentucky, and of Representatives, which he conti- H w of epresetative, which e conti- was a Representative in Congress, nued to occupy until he was sent as w a RpreStativ Li Co nges Resident-Minister to Turkey, in from that State, from 1855 to 1857. Resident-M/inister to Turkey, in 1849, by President Taylor. At this post he rendered essential service to the cause of civil and religious to- He was a Representative in Conleration in the Turkish Empire. He gress, from Maine, from 1841 to was also charged with a special 1843, and was a member of the mission to Greece in 1852. He is Committee on the Militia. well known as an author and a scholar. He has devoted much at- MARSHALL, EDWARD C. tention to the languages and litera- He was born in Kentucky, and ture of the North of Europe, and was a Representative in Congress, his sympathies appear to be with from California, from 1851 to 1853. BIoGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 315 MARSHALL, HUMPHREY. elected to Congress, and is a meme was among the earliest pio ber of the Committee on Military e was among the earliest pio- ffairs. neers to Kentucky, having gone there in 1180; he was a member of MARSHALL, JOHN. the State Convention in 1787; Ie was born in Fauquier Counserved for many years in the State Virginia, September 24, 55 ty, Virginia, September 24, 1755, Legislature; and was a Senator in and wasthe eldest of fifteen children. Congress, from 1795 to 1801. He Congress, from 195 to 1801. He He had some classical education in was the author of the first published his youth, but his opportunities for his youth, but his opportunities for History of:Klentucky, and died at learning were limited, and he never an advanced age. entered college, his father, Thomas Marshall, having been a poor man, MARSHALL, HUMPHREY. but possessed of superior talents. Born at Frankfort, Kentucky, At the commencement of the AmeJanuary 13, 1812. He graduated rican war, he espoused it with ardor; at the West Point Academy, but in 1776ihewas appointed lieutenant, resigned his military commission of and in 1777 promoted to the rank lieutenant, and studied law, which of captain. In 1780 he was adhe practiced with success. During mitted to the bar, and in 1781 rethe ten years preceding the Mexi- signed his commission, and entered can war, and while devoting himself upon the practice of his profession, to his profession in Louisville, he soon rising to distinction. Ile was took an active part in the military a member of the Virginia Convenaffairs of the State, as captain, tion to ratify the Constitution of major, and lieutenant-colonel; he the United States, and as such proserved in the Mexican war as co- duced a deep impression by his lonel of cavalry; fighting at Buena logic and eloquence. He also enVista, and leading the charge of tered the Legislature of Virginia, the Kentucky Volunteers; in 1847, where he was a leader. President after declining several important Washington invited him to become nominations, he retired to a farm; Attorney General, and offered him he was elected to Congress, in 1849, the mission to France, after Mr. as Representative, and re-elected in Monroe's return, both of which 1851; he was appointed, by Pre- honors he declined. President sident Fillmore, Commissioner to Adams appointed him an Envoy to China, which was immediately raised France, with Pickering and Gerry, to a first-class mission; in 1856 he but they were not accredited, and was a member of the American Na- he returned to the United States tional Council, held in New York, in 17 98. He was a R epresentative where he caused to be thrown off in Congress in 1799; in 1800 he all secrecy in the politics of his was appointed Secretary of War; party; and in 1857 he was re- soon afterwards Secretary of State; 316 BI O GRAP H I CAL SKETCH ES. and January 31, 1801, upon the of the Circuit Court of Kentucky nomination of President Adams, for about twenty years; and is a was confirmed as Chief Justice of Professor of Law in the Transylthe Supreme Court of the United vania College. States. He wrote a " Life of George MARSHALL, THOMAS F. Washington," and a "History of the American Colonies." He died He was a native of lKentucky; in Philadelphia, July 6, 1835. As Judge of the Louisville Circuit a judge he was the most illustrious Court, and a Representative in Conin America, and for his public ser- gress, from Kentucky, from 1841 to vices was ranked by many with 1843. Washington. He was the object MARTIN ALEXANDER of universal affection, respect, and confidence, and in every particular Born in Guilford County, North one of the greatest and best of men.,, 1807. Hle was educated at Princeton College, and devoted much atMARSHALL, S. S. tention to the pursuits of literature. H~e was born in Illinois, edu- He was a member of the Colonial cated at Cumberland College, JKen- Assembly, and colonel of a regitucky; studied law, and devoted meat in the Continental line, having himself to its practice in his native been at the battles of Brandywine State; he was elected to the State and Germantown. He was sukbseLegislature in 1846; by the Legis- quently in the State Senate, and lature lhe Awas elected State Attor- was elected Speaker; he was elected ney, serving two years; in 1851 he Governor of North Carolina in 1782 was elected a Judge of the Circuit and again in 1789, and was a memCourt, in which position he re- er of the Convention which framed mained until 1854; and having the Constitution of the United been elected to the Thirty-fourth States. From 1q93 to 1799 he Congress, was re-elected to the was United States Senator, also Thirty-fifth, and is Chairman of President of the Senate. In 1793 the Cormmnittee on Claims. the degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred on him by Princeton ColMIARSHALL, THOMAS A. lege, and at the time of his death Hie was born near Versailles, he was a Trustee of the University Kentucky, January 15, 1794; gra- of North Carolina. duated at Yale College in 1815; studied law, and entered upon the MATIN, BARCLAY. practice in 1816; and he was a I-e was born in South Carolina, Representative in Congress, from and was a Representative in ConKentucky, from 1831 to 1835. He gress, from Tennessee, from 1845 to has been a Judge and Chief Justice 1847. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 317 MARTIN, FREDERICK S. MARTINDALE, HENRY C. He was born in Vermont, and He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1851 to fiom 1823 to 1831, and again from 1853. 1833 to 1835. MARTIN, JOHN P. MARVIN, DUDLELY. He was a Representative in ConWas a native of Lyme, (onnectigress, from Kentucky, from 1845 W to 1847. cut, from which place he removed to Canandaigua, New York, in 1807. MARTIN, JOSHUA L. HI-e was admitted to the bar, and commenced the practice of law in He was a member of Congress, He was a member of Congress, 1811, and soon attained eminence from Alabama, from 1835 to 1839, a l, from 18 35 to 18 3r in his profession. He was a Repancd from 1845 to 1847 Governor resentative in Congress, from 1823 of that State. He died at Tusca- to 1829. In 1844 he removed to loosa November 2, 1856. loosa November 21856. Ripley, Chautauque County, and was again elected to Congress, servAIARTIN, MORGAN L. ing from 1847 to 1849. He died He was born in New York, and at Ripley, New York, Jnne 25, was a Delegate to Congress, from 1852, aged sixty-five years. the Territory of Wisconsin, from 1845 to 1847. MARVIN, RICHARD P. MARTIN, ROBERT N. He was born in New York, served in the Assembly of that State, from He was a Representative in ConChautauque County, in 1836, and gress, from Maryland, from 1825 was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1837 to 1841. MARTIN, WILLIAM D. He was a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, and a Representa-ASON, A tive in Congress, from South Caroli- Born in Loudoun County, Virgina, from 1827 to 1833. HIe was dis- nia, in 1785, and educated at Wiltinguished for his talents and public liam and Mary College; was a usefulness. He retired to bed slight- farmer by occupation, and a colonel ly indisposed, and was found dead in the war of 1812; and United in the morning. He died at Charles- States Senator, from 1815 to 1817. ton, November 17, 1833, aged forty- He fell in the memorable duel with five years. Colonel McCarty, February 6, 1819. 318 BIOGRAPHICAL SK ETCHES. MASON, JAMES B. 1802 he was appointed Attorneyile was a Representative in Con- GGeneral of the State, and from 1813 gress, from iRhode Island, from 1815 to 1817, was a Senator in Congress, to 1819. having resigned for the purpose of devoting himself to his profession. MASON, JAMES M. He removed to Boston in 1832, and on reaching the age of seventy Born on Analoston Island, Fair- n reaching the age of seventy November 3 he left the bar, though he was confax County, Virginia, November 3, 7 sulted as chamber-counsel to the 1798. He received a good education, and graduated at the Univer- close of his life. sity of Pennsylvania in 1818; he studied law at the College of Wil- MASON, JOHN C. liam and Mary, and obtained a li- Ie was born in Kentucky, and cence to practice in 1820; in 1826 elected a Representative, from that he was elected to the House of De- State, to the Thirty-fifth Congress, legates, and twice re-elected; he and is Chairman of the Committee was a Representative in Congress, on Accounts. from 1837 to 1839; in 1847 he was elected a Senator in Congress, in MASON, JOHN THOMPSON. the place of Senator Pennybacker, Born at Montpelier, Washington and re-elected in 1849, in which County, Maryland, in May, 1815; position he still continues, having graduated at Princeton College in for several sessions been Chairman 1836; read law in Hagerstown, and of the Committee on Foreign Rela- was admmitted to practice in 1838; tions. the same year was elected a member of the Legislature of Maryland, and MASON, JEREMIAH. re-elected in 1839. He was a ReBorn at Lebanon, Connecticut, presentative in Congress, from 1841 A.pril 27, 1768, and died at Boston, to 1843, being at that time the November 14, 1848. Destined for youngest man in Congress. In professional life, he entered Yale 1851 he was elected by the people, College, and after graduating in under the new Constitution of the 1788, entered upon the study of law, State, a Judge of the Court of Apand acquired the reputation of be- peals, which position he filled till ing profoundly learned in common 1857, when he resigned, and was law. He went to Vermont, and appointed Collector of the port of was admitted to the bar of that Baltimore. State, but subsequently removed to Portsmouth, New Hampshire, where MASON, JOHN Y. he became the friend of Daniel He was born in Virginia; graWebster, who always spoke of him duated at the University of North in extravagant terms of praise. In Carolina in 1816, from which in BIO GRAPHI CAL SKETCHES. 319 stitution he received the degree of Burgesses; and a Senator of the LL.D.; adopted the profession of United States, from 1794 to 1803; law, and was a Judge of the Dis- also a member of the Convention trict Court of Virginia; he was a to form the Constitution of VirRepresentative in Congress, from ginia, and a member of the LegisVirginia, from 1831 to 1837; a lature. He died in 1803. member of President Tyler's cabinet, as Secretary of the Navy; a MASON, WILLIAM. member of President Polk's cabi- was born in Connecticut; net, first as Attorney-General, and served in the Legislature of New secondly, as Secretary of the Navy; York, from Chenango County, forn and was appointed, by President 1820 to 1822; and was a ReprePierce, Minister to France, in which sentative in Congress, from that position he was continued by Pre- State from 1835 to 1837. sident Buchanan. MASON, JONATHAN. MASTERS,' JOSIAHI, He was born in 1757; graduated Born in Woodbury, Connecticut, at Princeton College in 1774; and October 22, 1763; graduated at died at Boston, November 1, 1831. Yale College in 1784, soon after Ile was a Senator of the United which he removed to Schaghticoke, States, from Massachusetts, from Rensselaer County, New York, 1800 to 1803; and a Representa- which was thereafter his place of tive in Congress, from that State, residence. He was a prominent from 1817 to 1820. member of the State Legislature in 1792, 1800, and 1801, when he was.MASON, MOSES. appointed Associate Judge of RensHe was a Representative in Con- selaer County; and from 1805 to gress, from Maine, from 1834 to 1809 was a Representative in Con1837. gress. In 1808 he was chosen First MASON, SAMSON. Judge of the County Court of ComI-Ie was born in Ohio, and was a mon Pleas, which office he held Representative in Congress, from until his death. He was a zealous that State, from 1835 to 1843. supporter of the general measures against Great Britain during the MASON, STEVENS THOMSON. war of 1812, yet he opposed with Born in Chapawansick, Stafford great earnestness, in several able County, Virginia, in 1760; educated speeches, the embargo, non-interat William and Mary College; he course, and other commercial restricwas a lawyer by profession, and an tions. He numbered among his officer in the revolutionary war, at- personal friends such patriots as taining to the rank of general; was Jefferson, Randolph, Madison, Clay, a member of the Virginia House of etc., and was a co-operator and ad 320 BIOG RAPHICAL SKETCHES. viser of De Witt Clinton in the sys- degree of Doctor of Laws when he tem of internal improvements, which was nearly seventy-five years old; gave to New York the rank of the and he died at Rochester, August Empire State. He died June 30, 23, 1846. 1822. MATHEWSON, ELISHA. MATHIEWS, GEORGE. He was at different periods a:He was a Representative in Con- member of the General Assembly of gress, from Georgia, from 1789 to Rhode Island; once a Speaker of 1791. the House; and a Senator in Congress, from that State, from 1807 MATHEWS, JAMES. to 1811. He died at Scituate,:HIe was born in Ohio, and was Rhode Island, October 14, 1853. a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 1845. MATHIOT, JOSHUA. He was born in Ohio, and was a MATHEWS, VINCENT. Representative in Congress, from Born in Orange County, New that State, from 1841 to 1843. York, June 29, 1766. He studied,IATLACK, JAMiES, law, and was admitted to the bar in 1790; and fixing his residence near He was a Representative in ConElmira, Tioga County, was elected gress, from New Jersey, from 1821 a State Representative in 1793, and to 1825, and died at Woodbury, in in 1796 chosen a State Senator. In that State, January 15, 1840. 1798 he was elected a commissioner MA TSON, AARON. to settle certain claims for bounty MATSON, AA land; and from 1809 to 1811 he He was a Representative in Conwas a Representative in Congress. gress, from New Hampshire, from In 1812 he was appointed District 1821 to 1825. Attorney for a number of the counMATTESON, ORASMUS B. ties in Western New York; and in 1816 he removed from Elmira to He was born in New York, and Bath, and thence to Rochester, pur- having been elected a Representasuing the practice of his profession, tive to Congress, from that State, in different places, for no less a in 1849, has continued in the same period than fifty-six years. Toward position to the present time. the close of his life he served a second time in the Assembly of the MATTHEWS, WILLIAM. State, and was District Attorney He was a Representative in Confor Monroe County. The College gress, from Maryland, from 1797 to of Geneva conferred upon him the 1799. BIOGRAP HICAL SKCETCHES. 321 MATTOCKS, JOHN. bama, and graduated at the UniBorn in 17T6, and was a resident versity of Virginia; studied law; of Peacham, Vermont; he was for removing to Florida, was elected many years distinguished as a sue- in 1847 to the Assembly of that cessful lawyer; had held various State; was Secretary of State in public trusts, being for two years 1848; a State Senator in 1849; Judge of the Supreme Court of was a member of Congress, from Vermont; and a Representative in 1853 to 1857, refusing a re-nomiCongress, from 1821 to 1825, and nation, and in 1857 was appointed, from 1841 to 1843; also, Governor byPresidentBuchanan,NavyAgent of the State one year, declining a at Pensacola, Florida, in which re-election to that office. He died position he still continues. at Peacham, Vermont, August 14, ~~~184'~7. ~MAXWELL, GEORGE C. 1847. He was a native of New Jersey, MATTOON, EBENEZER. and was a Representative in ConBorn in Amherst, Massachusetts; gress, from that State, from 1811 graduated at Dartmouth College to 1813. in 1776; he was a major in the war of 1812, and sheriff of Hampshire, MAXWELL, J. P. B. and a Representative in Congress, Born in New Jersey in 1805; from Massachusetts, from 1800 to graduated at Princeton College in 1803; and in 1816, adjutant-general 1823; studied law, and was admitof militia. He died in Amherst, ted to the bar in 1827; and was a September 11, 1843, aged eighty- Representative in Congress, from eight years. 1837 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1843. He died at Belvidere, New MAURICE, JAMES. MAURICE, JAMES. Jersey, November 14, 1845. He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, MAXWELL, LEWIS. from that State, from 1853 to 1855. He was a native of Virginia, and MBAURY, ABRAHAM P. a Representative in Congress, from A Representative in Congress, that State, from 1827 to 1833. from Tennessee, from 1835 to 1839; died at his residence, in William- MAXWELL, THOMAS. son County, Tennessee, July 22, He was a Representative in Con1848. gress, from New York, from 1829 to 1831. MAXWELL, AUGUSTUS E. Born in Elberton, Georgia, Sep- MAY, HENRY. tember 21, 1820; received the He was born in the District of benefit of country schools in Ala- Columbia; received a liberal edu21 322 I BIOGRAP I CAL SKETCH E S. cation; adopted the profession of MAYNARD, JOHN. law; ard was a Representative in He was a resident of'AVestern Congress, from M4aryland, from New York, and graduated at Union 1853 to 1855. College in 1810; he studied law and commenced to practice at SeMAY, WILLIAM L. neca Falls, and then removed to Auburn. He was a Representative He was born in Kentucky, and in Congress, from New York, from was a Representative in Congress,, 1 1827 to 1829, and gave a zealous from that State, from 1835 to 1839. support to the Administration of Mr. Adams; he was subsequently MAYALL, SAMUEL. a member of the Nlew York Senate for four years, and again from 1841 -Ie was born in ~aiane, and was a Representative in Congress, from to 1843 a member of Congress; he Rnepresentative in Congress, from was Judge of the Supreme Court that State, from 1853 to 1855. of New York, and from January, 1850, a Judge of the Court of ApMAYNARD, HORACE. peals. He died in Auburn, New He was born in Westborough, York, March 24, 1850. Massachusetts, August 30, 1814; graduated at Amherst C ollege in 1838, and soon afterwards emigrated He was a native of South Caroto Tennessee. -He entered the lina, and a Representative in ConUniversity of East Tennessee as a gress, from that State, during the tutor, and subsequently received the years 1815 and 1816. appointment of Professor of Mihathematics in that institution; during McARTHUR, DUNCAN. that period he studied law, and was He, was born in Dutchess Counadmitted to the bar in 1844. He ty, New York, in 1772. When he acquired an extensive practice in was eight years of age he removed his profession; held a number of with his father to Pennsylvania, local offices in his adopted State; and at the age of eighteen he volunand was elected a Representative, teered in defence of the frontier from Tennessee, to the Thirty-fifth settlements of Ohio, against the Congress. During the first session Indians. He studied surveying, of that Congress he was Chairman and acquired great wealth in the of the Special Committee to inves- business of buying and selling lands, tigate the accounts of William in addition to surveying them.'In Cullum, late Clerk of the House of 1805 he was a member of the LeRepresentatives, and is at the gislature, and in 1806 was appointpresent time a member of the Com- ed colonel, and in 1808 major-gemittee on Claims. neral of the State militia. He BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 323 performed valuable services during McCARTY, RICHARD. the war of 1812; in 1815 was again He was a Representative in Cona member of the Legislature, and in gress, from New York, from 1821 1816 was appointed Commissioner to 1823. to conclude treaties with the Indians; from 1817 to 1819 was in McCARTY, WILLIAM M. the Legislature, and Speaker of the He was a Representative in ConHouse in 1817. He was a Repre- gress, from Virginia, from 1840 to sentative in Congress, from Ohio, 1841. from 1823 to 1825, and in 1830 was chosen Governor of the State, McCAUSLEN, WILLIAM C. which position he held until 1833, He was born in Qhio, and was a and while in that service met with Representative in Congress, from an accident, from the effects of that State from 1843 to 1845. which he never recovered. McLEAN, MOSES. McBRYIDE, ARCHIBALD., e was born in Pennsylvania, Borln in nM/oore County, North and Was a Representative in ConCarolina, and was a Representative gress, from that State, from 1845 in Congress, from that State, from to 1847. 1809 to 1813, and subsequently a member of the State Senate for McCLELLAN, ABRAHAIM, two years. He was born in Tennessee, and was a Representative in Congress, McCARTY ANDREW Z. McCARTY, ANDREW Z. from that State, from 1837 to 1843. He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, McCLELLAN, ROBERT. from that State, from 1855 to He was at one time Treasurer for 1857. He was also a member of the State of New York;. and a Rethe New York Assembly in 1848. presentative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1839, and again McCARTY, JONATHAN. from 1841 to 1843. Was a native of Tennessee, but removed, with his father, at an McCLELLAND, ROBERT. early age to Indiana. He engaged Born in Franklin County, Pennin mercantile pursuits, and was for sylvania. He graduated at Dickina time Clerk of the Circuit or son College; practiced law for a County Court, at Connersville. He year or so in Pittsburg, and in 1833 was a Representative in Congress, removed to Michigan, and estafrom Indiana, from 1831 to 1837. blished himself at Monroe. He He left Indiana for Iowa, where he served for several years in the Ledied about four years since. gislature of that State; and was a 324 BIOG RAPHICAL SKETCHES. Representative in Congress, from Talladega County, Alabama. He 1843 to 1849. He was twice was a Representative in Congress, elected Governor of Michigan, in from that State, from 1843 to 1847. 1851 and 1852; and was appointed He died, by his own hand, in Secretary of the Interior Depart- Washington, District of Columbia, ment, by President Pierce, the ar- September, 1846, aged thirty-six. duous duties of which position he performed with fidelity and ability. McCORD, ANDREW. He was a member of the New McCLENACHAN, BLAIR. York Assembly, during the years He was a Representative in Con- 1800, 1801, 1802, and 1807, part gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1797 of the time Speaker; and was a to 1799. Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1803 to 1805. McCLERNAND, JOHN A. Born in Breckenridge County, IcCORKLE, JOSEPH W. Kentucky, May 30, 1812; brought IHe was born in Ohio, and was a up at Shawneetown, Illinois3 and Representative in Congress, from had only the advantages of a com- California, from 1851 to 1853. mon school education. He studied law, and was admitted to the bar in McCOY, ROBERT. 1832, and served as a private, but He resided at one time in Carlwith credit, in the Black Hawk isle, Pennsylvania, and held several war. He established the first De- public positions in that State, such mocratic press in Shawneetown, as brigadier-general of militia, and and edited his paper and practiced canal commissioner. He was a law until 1843, when he was elected member of Congress, from Pennsylto Congress, and served as a Re-vania, from 1831 to 1833, and died presentative until 1851. He had at Wheeling, Virginia, June, at Wheeling, Virginia, June 7, also, before going to Congress, been. elected to the State Legislature. McCOY, WILLIAM. McCOMAS, WILLIAM. Hi e was born in Augusta County, He was born in Virginia, and Virginia, and was a Representative was a Representative in Congress, in Congress, from that State, from from that State, from 1833 to 1837, 1811 to 1833. and was a member of the Committee on Manufactures. McCRATE, JOHN D. He graduated at Bowdoin ColMcCONNELL, FELIX G. lege in 1819, and was a RepresenWas a native of Lincoln County, tative in Congress, from Maine, from Tennessee, but removed in 1824 to 1845 to 1847. I O GRAPHICAL SK ETCHES. 325 McCREARY, JOHN. in 1841 and 1842. In 1845 was I-e was born in Chester County, Speaker of the House. In 1847, South Carolina, and was a Repre, 1848, and 1849, served as Treasurer sentative in Congress, from that of the State; represented the First sentative in Congress, from that State, froml 1819 to 1821. Congressional District in the Thirty-second and Thirty-third ConMeCREARY, WILLIAM. gresses; and in April, 1857, was appointed, by President Buchanan, He was a Representative in ConCollector for the District of Portgress, from Maryland, from 1803 to land and Falmouth. 1809. McCREEIDY, WILLIAM. McDOUGAL, JAMES A. lie was a Representative in Con- He was born in New York, and gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1829 on emigrating to California, was to 1831. elected a Representative in Congress, from 1853 to 1855. McCULLOCH, GEORGE. HIe was born in Pennsylvania, and McDOWELL, JAMES. was a Representative in Congress, I-e was born in Rockbridge from that State, from 1840 to 1841. County, Virginia, in 1796, and graduated at Princeton College in McCULLOCH, JOHN. 1816. He was Governor of VirgiI-He was born in Penn'sylvania, and nia from 1842 to 1845, and from' was a Representative in Congress, 1845 to 1851 he was a Representafrom that State, from 1853 to 1855. tive in Congress, from the Eleventh Congressional District of Virginia. McCULLOCH, THOMAS G. In 1846 his Alma ]later conferred Hie was born in Franklin County, on him the degree of LL.D. He Pennsylvania, and was a Represen- was an eloquent speaker, an upright tative in Congress, from that State, man, and a true patriot. He died from 1820 to 1822. near Lexington, Virginia, August 24, 1851. McDONALD, JOSEPH E. le was born in Ohio, and was a McDOWELL, JOSEPH. Representative in Congress, from Born in Winchester, Virginia, that State, from 1849 to 1851. and emigrated with his father to North Carolina, where he took an McDONALD, MOSES. active part in the military operations Born in Limerick, York County, of the time, and was at the battle of 3Maine, April 8, 1815. Practiced King's Mountain. lie was a memlaw from 1837 to 1845; and was a ber of the House of Commons, member of the Mlaine Legislature from 1782 to 1788, and a Repre 326 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. sentative in Congress, from 17 93 to McGAUGHEY, EDWARD W. 1795, and again from 1797 to 1799. He was born in Indiana, and was a Representative in Congress, from McDOWELL, JOSEPH J. that State, from 1845 to 1847, and for another term ending in 1851. He was born in North Carolina, and on removing to Kentucky was McHATTON, ROBERT. elected a Representative in ConHe was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to gress, from Kentucky, from 1826 to 1829. McDUFFIE, GEORGE. McHENRY, JOHN I. He was born in South Carolina; RHe was born in Kentucky, and graduated at the South Carolina was a Representative in Congress, College in 1813; adopted the pro- from that State, from 1843 to 1847. fession of law; served a number of years in the State Legislature; was, McILVANE, ABRAHAM R. elected a Representative in Con- Born at Crum Creek, Delaware, gress, from South Carolina, in 1821, August 14, 1804. He was bred a and served until 1835, when he was farmer, in which pursuit he was chosen Governor of the State. In 1843 he was elected a Senator of the eminently successful, nd was a United States, but was compelled Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1843 to 1849.:by ill health to resign that station before the expiration of his term of McILVANE, JAMES. office. His ill health was partly He was born in New Jersey; the result of a duel which he fought in Augusta, Georgia, with Colonel graduated at Princeton College in 1818; and was a Senator in ConCumming, in which he was wounded. He was a co-worker and friend of gress, from that State, from 1823 He was a co-worker and friend of to 1826, and died August 18, 1826. Calhoun and Hayne, and an elo-, 2 quent defender of tlhe peculiar instiMIcINTYRE, RUFUS. tutions of the South. He died in Sumpter District, South Carolina, Born in York, County of York, March 11, 1851. Maine, December 19, 1784; received a common school education, and by teaching for two or three years, acquired the means to fit himself for A Representative in Congress, college at South Berwick Academy, from North Carolina, from 1805 to and graduated at Dartmouth in 1807, and subsequently a member 1809. IHe studied law, and was adof the State Senate for three years. mitted to practice in 1812. In the BIoGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 327 mean time war was declared, and North Carolina delegation as canhe was appointed captain of militia, didate for Vice-President. He died and remained in service on the fron- in Goldsborough, North Carolina, tier until peace was declared, after September 14, 1853. which he returned to the practice of his profession at York. HIe re- McKEAN, SAMUEL. presented that town in the Bruns- He was a Representative in Conwick Convention; and after the gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1823 separation from Massachusetts, he to 1829, and a Senator of the United was a Representative in the Legis- States, from 1834 to 1839. He died lature at its first session; he was June 23, 1840, in McKean County. then appointed County Attorney, He was a man of talent and influwhich office he held till elected ence. to Congress as Representative of McKEE JOHN. Maine, serving from 1826 to 1835. In 1826 he was a Commissioner for He was at one time a Governsettling the boundary line of his ment Agent among the Choctaw State, and in 1836 was a member Indians, also a Commissioner for of the Legislature, and was ap- settling the boundary line of Tenpointed Land Agent for two years, nessee, and a Representative in in 1839. He was subsequently Congress, from that State, from United States Marshal for Maine, 1823 to 1829. and Surveyor of the port of PortMIcIKEE, SAMUEL. land four years. He has been connected with two or three academies He was a Representative in Conas overseer, and is a member of the gress, from Kentucky, from 1809 to Board of Overseers of Bowdoin Col-] 817. lege. He is now devoted to agriMcKENNAN, THOMAS Mr. T. culture. He was a Representative in ConMcKAY, JAMES J. ~gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1831 Born in Bladen County, North to 1839, and from 1841 to 1843, Carolina, in 1793. He was bred to and died at Reading, July 9, 1852. the law; and served from 1815 to 1831 in the State Senate, and was McKEON, JOHN, at one time United States District He was born in New York, and Attorney. He was a Representa- was educated a lawyer. In 1832, tive in Congress from 1831 to 1849, 1833, and 1834, he served in the and was for a time Chairman of the Legislature of New York, and was Committee of Ways and Means. a Representative in Congress, from At the Baltimore Convention, which that State, from 1835 to 1837, and nominated Lewis Cass for Presi- again from 1841 to 1843. He has dent, he received the vote of the twice been appointed United States 328 ] B IO G RA PHICAL SKETC H E S. District Attorney for the Southern a classical education; was bred first District of New York. to the medical, and afterwards to the legal profession; was, under McKIBBBIN, JOSEPH C. the old organization, a Judge of I-e was born in Pennsylvania, the Supreme Court of New York; and having taken up his residence and a Representative in Congress, in California, was elected a Repre- from 1849 to 1851. sentative, from that State, to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and is a McLANAHAN, JAMES X. member of the Committee on Pub- He was born in Antrim, Franklic Lands and on Private Land lin County, Pennsylvania, in 1809; Claims. graduated at Dickinson College in AcKCIM, ISAAC. 1826; he studied law, and settled in Chambersburg; in 1841 he was He was a much respected and elected to the State Senate; and wealthy merchant of Baltimore; a in 1849 he was elected to Congress maemrber of Congress, from iMary- and re-elected in 1851, and was land, from 1823 to 1825, and again Chairman of the Committee on the from 1835 to 1838; and died in Judiciary. He is now living in reWashington, April 1, 1838. tirement. McKIMM, ALEXANDER. McLANE, LOUIS. Born in 1748, and died at Baltimore, January 18, 1832. He was County Delaware, May 28, 1784. a member of Congress, from Mary-, e mThen twelve years of age, he was land, from 1809 to 1815. appointed a midshipman in the McKINLEY, JOHN. navy, on leaving which, in 1801, he studied law, and was admitted to He was a Senator in Congress, the bar in 1807; in 1812 he was a from Alabama, from 1826 to 1831, volunteer in a company commanded and a Representative in Congress, by Caesar H. Rodney, and marched from 1833 to 1835, and died in to the relief of Baltimore when Louisville, Kentucky, July 19, 1852. threatened by the British. He was a Representative in Congress, from McKINLEY, WILLIAM. Delaware, from 1817 to 1827; and He was a Representative in Con- was chosen, by the Legislature, a gress, from Virginia, from 1810 to Senator in Congress, from 1827 to 1811. 1829; was appointed in 1829, by President Jackson, Minister to EngMcKIISSOCK, THOMAS. land, where he remained two years; Hle was born in Ulster County, and in 1831 he received the apNew York, in 1798. He received pointment of Secretary of the Trea BI O GRAPH I CAL SKET C H E S. 329 sury; and in 1833, that of Secretary MCLEAN, ALNEY. of State under President Jackson. He was born in Burke County, In June, 1834, he retired from poli- North Carolina, and was -a Repretical life, and in 1837, was chosen sentative in Congress, from KenPresilent of the Baltimore and tucky, from 1815 to 1817, and again Ohio Railroad Company, and re- from 1819 to 1821. moving to Mlaryland, discharged the duties of that office until 1847. MICLEAN, FINIS E. During the administration of PreH Ie was born in Kentucky, and sident Polk, he accepted the mis- was sion' to. Egwas a Representative in Congress, sfrom that State, from 1849 to 1851. negotiations were pending; after which he returned to Maryland, M lcLEAN, JOHN. and in 1850 represented CecilLEAN, JOHN. County in the State Constitutional Born in Morris County, New Convention, and then retired to Jersey, in 1785. Four years after private life. He held a high ranlk his birth his father emigrated with as a statesman, and died in Balti- his family to Virginia, whence he more, Maryland, in 185,7. removed to Kentucky, and finally settled in the State of Ohio. Here the son received a scanty education; McLANE, ROBERT M. and, having determined to pursue Born in Delaware, June 23, 1815; the legal profession, he engaged at was educated at Washington Col- the age of eighteen to write in the lege, District of Columbia, and at clerk's office, at Cincinnati, in order St. Miiary's College, Baltimore; to maintain himself, by devoting a went to Europe with his father, portion of his time to that labor, Louis McLane, in 1829, and on while engaged in his studies. In his return entered the West Poilt 1807 he was admitted to the bar, Academy, which he left in 1837; and entered upon the practice of he served as an army officer in the law at Lebanon, Ohio. In 1812 Florida, the Cherokee Country, and he became a cadidate to represent in the Northwest; in 1843 was ad- his district in Congress, and was mitted to the bar of Baltimore; in elected by a large majority. He 1845 and 1846 was elected to the professed the political principles of Maryland Legislature; and from the Democratic party, being an ar1847 to 1851 was a Representative dent supporter of the war, and of in Congress, from Miaryland. In Presfdent 3adison's administration. 1853 he was appointed, by Presi- In 1814 he was again elected to dent Pierce, Minister to China, and Congress by a unanimous vote, a on his return resumed the practice circumstance of rare occurrence; of his profession in Baltimore. and remained a member of the 330 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. House of Representatives until a Representative in Congress, from 1816, when the Legislature of Ohio that State, from 1833 to 1837. having elected him a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State, he MeMANUS, WILLIAM. resigned his seat in Congress at the He was a Representative in Conclose of the session. He remained gress, from New York, from 1825 six years upon the Supreme bench to 1827. of Ohio. In 1822 he was appointed.McMULLEN, FAYETTE. Commissioner of the General Landoffice by President Monroe; and He was born in Virginia, and was in 1823 he became Postmaster-Ge- a Representative in Congress, from neral. In the year 1829 he was that State, from 1849 to 1855, and appointed, by President Jackson, a in May, 1857, he was appointed, Justice of the United States Su- by President Buchanan, Governor preme Court, after he had refused of the Territory of Washington, the offer of the War and Navy De- which office he continues to hold. partments. He entered upon the * cNAIm, JOHN, discharge of his duties at the January Term of 1830, and is still the He was born in Pennsylvania, occupant of his high position. and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 McLEAN, JOHN. to 1855. He was a Representative in Con- IMNIEL ARCHIBALD. gress, from Illinois, during the years 1818 and 1819; was a Senator in Born in Moore County, North Congress, from that State, from entered the House of 1824 to 1825, and again from 1829 Commons in 1808, re-elected in to 1830, having died on the fourth 1809, served in the State Senate in of October of the latter year. 1811 and 1815, and was a Representative in Congress, from 1821 MceLEAN, WILLIAiM. to 1823, and again from 1825 to 1827. He was a native of New Jersey, a Representative in Congress, from AcQUEEN, JOHN. Ohio, from 1823 to 1829, and died He was born in Robinson Counat Cincinnati, October 12, 1839. ty, North Carolina, and is about fifty years of age. He claims deMcLENE, JEREMIA1H. scent in a direct line from the heroic He was born in 1767, and died Robert Bruce, of Scotland, and his in Washington City, March 19, father, James McQueen, was a 1837. -He was for twenty-one years nephew of the celebrated Flora Secretary of State for Ohio, and a Macdonald. He received a good BIOG RAPHIEICAL SK ETCHE S. 331 education under the guidance of an fifth Congress, from Mississippi, as elder brother, Rev. A. McQueen, the successor to General Quitman. who was a graduate of the Chapel tHill University, North Carolina. McREADY, JAMES. He commenced the study of law in He was a Representative in Conhis native State, and completed his gress, from South Carolina, from course of study inll South Carolina, 1819 to 1821. to which he removed at an early day. He was admitted to the bar MoROBERTS, SAMUEL. in 1828, and having settled in Marl- Ie was a Senator in Congress, borough District, he there com- from Illinois, from 1841 to the time menced, and has ever since, as his of his death, which occurred March public calls have permitted, con- 27, 1843, in Cincinnati, Ohio, aged tinued the practice of his profession about forty years. with success. During the Nullification times of 1833, he was elected MOSHERRY, JAMES. a colonel of the State militia, in He was a native of Pennsylvania; 1834 a brigadier-general, and in 183 a r-general, served twenty years in the Legisla1835 a major-general, which last ture of that State; was a delegate position he held for ten years, and to reform the Constitution of the then resigned. He was elected a same; and a Representative in Representative in Congress, in 8149, same; and a prsenttiv in and has continued an activeg e mrn89- Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1821 to 1823. Died at Littlestown, ber down to the present time, servPennsylvania, February 3, 1849. ing, under successive Speakers, on,, several of the prominent committees. He has been re-elected to the Thlirty-sixth Congress. Born at Johnstown, New York, in 1802, and died in the City of McRAE' JOHN J. New York, December 20, 1848., e was bred to the law, which he He was born in Wayne County, practiced with success in MontMississippi; received a good edu- gomery County, until he removed cation; adopted the profession of to New York. He held the office law; was elected frequently to the of surrogate; served as a RepreState Legislature, and during two sentative in Congress, from 1833 to sessions officiated as Speaker; was 1835; and at the time of his death also elected to the State Senate; was District Attorney for Southern was Governor of Mississippi, from New York. 1844 to 1848; was, by appointment, for a short time in the United McWILLIE, WILLIAM. States Senate; and was elected to He was born in South Carolina; the second session of the Thirty- graduated at the South Carolina 332 BIO GRAPHICAL SKE TCHE S. College; adopted the profession of in 1853, Charg, d'Affaires to Sarlaw; was a Representative and Se- dinia; and in 1857 was appointed, nator in the Legislature of South by President Buchanan, Minister to Carolina; and, on removing to Brazil, which mission he continues Mississippi, was elected a Repre- to fill. sentative in Congress, from that MEBANE ALEXANDER State, from 1849 to 1851. He was also President of a bank for several Born in Hawfields, Orange Counyears. ty, North Carolina, November 26, 1767, and died July 5, 1795. He MEACHAM, JAMES. was a member of the Convention, Born in Rutland, Vermont, in in 1776, that met to form the State 1810; graduated at Middlebury Constitution; served a number of College in 1822g; was tutor there; years in the Legislature; and was studied theology; was settled in in Congress during the years 1793 sNew aven, Vermont; was called and 1794. He was distinguished from his parish to the Professorship for his sense, integrity, and firmness. of Elocution and English Literature in Middlebury College, when, H EDILL, WILLIAM. in 1849, he was elected a Represen- He was born in New Castle tative in Congress, and twice re- County, Delaware; received an acaelected. At the time of his death demical education; he studied law, August 22, 1856, he was a member and, having removed to Ohio, was of Congress, and a Regent of the admitted to the bar of that State in Smithsonian Institution. 1832; he was soon after elected to the State Legislature, serving a MEAD, COWLES. number of years, and was twice elected Speaker; he was elect7I-e was elected a Representative ed a Representative in Congress, in Congress, from Georgia, in 1805, from that State from 1839 to but his election was successfully 1843; by President Polk, he was contested by Thomas Spalding; appointed First-Assistant Postmasand in 1806 he was appointed, by ter-General, and subsequently held President Jefferson, Secretary of the office of Commissioner of InWMiississippi Territory. dian Affairs; in 1850 he was a member of the Convention called to MEADE, RICHARD K. revise the State Constitution, and He was born in Virginia; re- chosen Chairman; in 1851 and ceived a liberal education; and 1852 he was elected Lieutenantadopted the profession of law; he Governor of Ohio; in 1853 he was was a Representative in Congress, elected Governor of Ohio; and, by from Virginia, from 1847 to 1853; President Buchanan, was appointed was appointed, by President Pierce, First Comptroller of the United BIOGRAPHICAL SK ET C HE S. 333 States Treasury, which position he at Yale College in 1798; educated a still occupies. lawyer, and was elected a RepreMEECH, EZRA. sentative in Congress, from New York City, from 1819 to 1821, and He was born in New London, e for many years past has been an acConnecticut July 26; was tive officer, Recording Secretary, associated in early life with John and Trustee of the American InstiJacob Astor in the fur trade; in tute in lNTew York. It is said of 1806 became agent of the North- tute in New York. It is said of him, as something remarkable, that west Fur Company; and in 1809 he never wore an overcoat, never was agent for supplying the British had a sore throat or headache, and Government with spars and timber. Having settled in Vermont, he was, in 1822 and 1823, elected Chief not use glasses. Justice of Chittenden County; and was a member of the Constitu- MEIGS, RETURN J. tional Conventions of 1822 and Was a native of lMiddletown, 1826. H-le was elected, in 1805 Connecticut; graduated at Yale and 1807, to the State Legislature, College in 1785, and was a lawyer and was a Representative in Con- by profession. He removedto Ohio, gress, from Vermont, from 1819 to and became a Judge of the Supreme 1821, and again from 1825 to 1827. Court of the State; was a Senator During the latter years of his life in Congress, from 1808 to 1810; he was devoted to agricultural pur- and was Governor of the State from suits, and owned one farm, kept in 1810 to 1814. H[e was appointed a high state of cultivation, which Postmaster-General of the United contained three thousand acres, and States in 1814, and held the office upon which have been seen a flock nine years. He died at Marietta, of three thousand sheep and a herd March, 1825. of eight hundred oxen. He was remarkable for his intelligence and MELLEN, PRENTISS. hospitality, and not less so for his Born in Sterling, Massachusetts, personal appearance, as he measured October 11, 1764; graduated at six feet five inches in height, and Cambridge in 1784; studied law, weighed three hundred and seventy and settled at Bridgewater; in 1792 pounds; and, strange as it may seem, he became a citizen of Biddeford, he was one of the most expert trout Maine, and in 1806 settled at Portfishers in the county. He died at land. In 1817 he was chosen a Shelburne, Vermont, September 23, Senator in Congress, from Massa1856. chusetts; and on the separation of MEIGS, HENRY. Maaine, in 1820, he resigned his seat Born in New Haven, Connecti- in the Senate, and was elected the cut, October 28, 1782; graduated first Chief Justice of the Supreme 334 BIOGRAPHIrCAL SK ETCH E S. Court of Mlaine. He occupied a ral of militia, having command of high position as a lawyer and jurist, the forces at Norfolk. In 1816, as and in 1834, after becoming disqua- Chairman of the Committee on Filified by age to serve as judge, he nance, in the Legislature, he devoted resumed the practice of law, His his time to the promotion of interdecisions may be found in the first nal improvements, and was chief eleven volumes of the Maine Re- supporter of the measure for the ports. He was also a Trustee of Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, and Bowdoin College from 1817 to 1836, was appointed President of the Caand in 1828 received the degree of nal Company. He was a member LL.D. from that institution. He of Congress, froin 1817 to 1840. In died at Portland, December 31, 1853 he visited Europe from phi1840. lanthopic motives, at his own expense, and used his efforts for the MIENIFEE, RICHARD H. entire abolition of the African slavetrade, conferring with the chief exI-!e was a member of Congress, ecutive officers of most of the kingfirom Kentucky, from 1837 to 1839 doms of Europe on the subject. He and died at Frankfort, February 21, died at Howard, near Alexandria, 1841. Virginia, May 4, 1858. MERCER, CHARLES FENTON. Born in Fredericksburg, Virgi- MERCER, JOHN F. nia, June 6, 1778; graduated at lie was a soldier of the RevoluPrinceton in 1797. In 1798, while tion; was a member of the Old a student of law, he tendered his Congress, in 1782; was a member, services to General Washington for from Maryland, of the Convention the defence of the country against which formed the Federal Constia threatened invasion by the French, tution; a Representative in the and received from him a commission New Congress, from 1792 to 1794; as first-lieutenant of cavalry, and Governor of Maryland from 1801 soon after that of captain, which he to 1803; and died at Philadelphia, declined, not intending to devote August 30, 1821, in the sixty-fourth his life to the military profession. year of his age. In 1803, after spending a year in Europe, he returned and practiced law. From 1810 to 1817 he was a member of the General Assembly He was a Representative in Conof Virginia. In 1811 he was again gress, from Georgia, from 1 802 to called to military duty by the General 1807, and was appointed, by PresiGovernment, and in 1813 was ap- dent Jefferson, in 1804, a Commispointed aid to the Governor, and sioner to treat with the Creek Inrose to the rank of brigadier-gene- dians. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 335 MI1ERIAWETHER, I. A. subsequently served four years in He was born in Georgia, and was the Assembly of New York, from a PRepresentative in Congress, from Otsego County. that State, from 1841 to 1843. METCALF, THOMAS. MERIWETHIER, JAMES. He was born in Fauquier CounHe was a Representative in Con- ty, irginia, Aarch 20, 1780. When gress, from Georgia from 1825 to he was quite young his parents emi1827. grated to Kentucky, and settled in Fayette, where his education was MIIERTRICK, WILLIAM D. restricted to the advantages of a HEe filled several prominent posi- few months' attendance at a countions in the State of Maryland, and try school. lte worked at the served in the United States Senate, trade of a mason, but employed his from 1838 to 1845. He died in leisure hours in study, and soon Washington, District of Columbia, developed remarkable intellectual Febru'ary 5, 1857, at an advanced abilities. In 1809 he first appeared age. as a public speaker, in defence of his country against British oppression; MIERRtILL, ORSAMUS C. served in the war of 1812, and in HTe ~was a Representative in Con- 1813 commanded a company of ingress, from TVerlmont, from 1817 to fantry at the battle of Fort AMeigs, 1819. and greatly distinguished himself for his bravery. lie was subseMTIERRIWETHER, DAVID. quently a member of the Kentucky Hle was a Senator in Congress, Legislature, for several years, and from Kentucky; by appointment, was a Representative in Congress, for one session, in 1852, and was from 1819 to 1829, when he was appointed, by President Pierce, elected Governor of Kentucky, May 6, 1853, Governor of the Ter- which office he held until 1833. In ritory of New Mexico. 1834 he was elected to the State Senate, and in 1840 was chosen.MERWIN, ORANGE. President of the Board of Internal Improvemeent. In 1848 he was He was a lRepresentative in Conappointed to fill the unexpired term gress from Connecticut from 1825 gress, from Connecticdt, from 1825 of MAir. Crittenden, in the Senate of to 1829. the United States, after which he retired to his farm, between MaysMIETCATLF, A1RUNlAH. / ville and Lexington. He boasted He was a native of New York, of his service as a stone-mason, and a Representative in Congress, from delighted in being called the " Old that State, from 1811 to 1813, and Stone Hammer." He died in Nich 336 BIOGRAP HICAL SKETCHES. olas County, Kentucky, August 18, Senator of the United States, from 1855. 1806 to 1809. -le was the principal founder of the University of MIDDLETON, HENRY. Georgia, and presented the land A native of South Carolina; was which forms its site. He died at chosen a Representative in the his country-seat, at the Sand Hills, State Legislature in 1801; then February 9, 1818. His memory State Senator until elected Gover- was honored by an Act of the Lenor, in 1810. From 1815 to 1819 gislafure, calling the capital of the he was a Representative in Con- State Milledgeville. gress, and in 1820 was appointed, by President Monroe, Minister to MILLEN, JOHN. Russia, which position he filled for He was born in 1804, educated many years. He died in Charles- a lawyer, served in the Legislature ton, South Carolina, June 14, 1846. of Georgia, and died near Savanunah, October 15, 1843, about ten MIDDLESWORTIt, BER. days after his election to a seat in He was born in New Jersey, and thd National House of Representaon removing to Pennsylvania, was tives. elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1.853 MILLER, DANIEL H. to 1855. Hle was a native of Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Con3MILES, W. PORCHER. gress, from that State, from 1823 to He was born in South Carolina, 1831. was elected a Representative to the MILLER, DANIEL T. Thirty-fifth Congress, from that State, and is a member of the Com- He was a Representative in Conmittee on Commerce. IHe has gress, from Iowa, from 1850 to been re-elected to the Thirty-sixth 1851. Congress. MILLER, JACOB W. MILLEDGE, JOHN. H-e was a Senator in Congress, He was born in Savannah, Geor- from New Jersey, from 1841 to gia, and descended from one of the 1847, and, having been re-elected, early settlers of the Colony. He served until 1853. frequently served in the Legislature, and in 1780 he was appointed MILLER, JESSE. Attorney-General of'the State, and He was a Representative in ConGovernor in 1802. IHe was a Re- gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1836 presentative in Congress, from 1792 to 1837, and died at Harrisburg, to 1802, excepting one term, and a August 20, 1850. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 337 MIILLER, JOHN. MILLER, KILLIAN. He was a Representative in Con- Born in Claverack, Columbia gress, from New York, from 1825 County, New York, July 30, 1785; to 1827, having previously, as well received a good common school eduas subsequently, served both in the cation, with instruction in the Latin Assembly and Senate of New York and Greek languages. He studied for a number of years. law and was admitted to practice in 1806; from that time to the MILLER, JOHN. present he has continued to purHe was distinguished for his cou- sue his profession, removing from rage as an officer, in the last war the town of Livingston to Hudwith England; soon after the strug- son City in 1833. In 1824 and gle, he was appointed Register of in 1827 he was a member of the Land-office in Missouri; subse- the General Assembly, and in quently elected Governor of the 1837 was elected County Clerk, State; and he was a Representative which office he held for three years. in Congress, from 1837 to 1843. In 1854 he was chosen a RepresenDied near Florissant, Missouri, tative in the Thirty-fourth ConMarch 18, 1846. gress. MILLER, JOHN G. MILLER, MORRIS S. Born in Kentucky, and in 1835 He was a Representative in Conemigrated to Missouri. In 1840 gress, from New York, from 1813 was elected to the State Legisla- to 1815; and in 1819 was appointture, and from 1853 to the time of ed a Commissioner to superintend his death he was a Representative a treaty with the Seneca Indians. in Congress, from Missouri. Died in Saline County, Missouri, May 11, MILLER, PLEASANT M. 1856, aged forty-four. He was a Representative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1809 to MILLER, JOHN IK. 1811. 1811. He was born in Ohio, and was a Representative in Congress, from MILLER, SMITH. that State, from 1847 to 1851. He is a native of North Carolina, but when a youth removed with MILLER, JOSEPH. his father to Indiana. His school He was born in Ohio, was elected education was limited, and he ena Representative, from that State, gaged in farming as an occupation. to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and is He was a member of both branches a member of the Committees on Un- of the Legislature of Indiana, and finished Business and Expenditures a Representative in Congress, from in the Navy Department. 1853 to 1855. 22 338 BIOGRAPHICAL SIETCHES. MILLER, STEPHEN D. was a Representative in Congress, He was born in South Carolina; from Massachusetts, from 1815 to graduated at the South Carolina 1819, and a Senator in Congress, College in 1808; adopted the pro- from 1820 to 1827. He died at fession of law; represented his na- Northampton, May 5, 1829. tive State in the Lower House of Congress from. 1817 to 1819; was MILLSON, JOHN S. Governor of South Carolina from Born in Norfolk, Virginia, Octo1828 to 1830; and a Senator in ber 1, 1808, and commenced the Congress from 1831 to 1837. He study of law before the age of sixdied at Raymond; Mississippi, teen; he held no public office until March 8, 1838. elected a Representative, from Virginia, in the Thirty-first Congress, MILLER, WILLIAM S. which position he has filled, by reHe was a Representative in Con- elections, to the present time, and is a gress, from New York, from 1845 member of the Committee on Cormto 1847, and a man of high cultiva- merce. tion. He died in New York City, November 9, 1854. MILLWARD, WILLIAM. He was born in Pennsylvania, MILLIGAN, JOHN J. MILLIA, Jand was a Representative in ConBorn in Cecil County, Maryland, gress, from that State, from 1855 December 10,1795; afterreceiving to 1857. an academical education, he entered Princeton College, and remained MILNOR, JAMES. three years; he then studied law, He was born in Philadelphia and was admitted to practice in June 20, 1773; he received his eduNew Castle County, Delaware, in New Castle Couy Dcation at a grammar school and at 1818, and pursued his profession for cation at a grammar school and at several yerbuusthe University of Pennsylvania, and several years, but subsequently retired to a country-seat near Wil-y sthdied law. In 1794 mington. In 1830 he was elected he commenced the practice of his a member of the House of Repre- profession, before he was twenty-oIie years of age. From 1811 to 1813 sentatives in Congress, and served years of age. From 1811 to 1813 from 1831 to 1839. In 1839 he hewas aRepresentative,fromPennsylvania, in Congress. In 1811 he was appointed, by the Governor, sylvania, in Congress. In 1811 he Judge of the Superior Court of the elected a delegate to the General Convention of the Episcopal State of Delaware, and has con- Convention of the Episcopal tinued in this position ever since. a clergyman by Bishop White, and MILLS, ELIJAH H. in 1816 Was called to the rectorship Born in 1778; graduated at Wil- of St. George's Church, in New liams College in 1797; studied law; York. He was one of the founders BIO GRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 339 of the New York Deaf and Dumb MITCHELL, CHARLES F. Institution, and after spending the He was born in New York, and evening in company with its direc- was a Representative in Congress, tors, in apparent good health, died from that State, from 1837 to 1841. suddenly, April 8, 1845. MITCHELL, GEORGE E. MILNOR, WILLIAM. He was a Representative in Con- He was a Representative in ConHe was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1807 gress, from Maryland, from 1823 to to 1811, from 1815 to 1817, and 1827, and again from 1829 to 1832. again from 1821 to 1822. He died in Washington, June 28, 1832again from 1821 to 1822. MINER, ATIIIMAN L. MITCHELL, HENRY. He was born in Vermont, and MITCHELL, HENRY. was a Representative in Congress, He was a Representative in Confrom that State, from 1851 to 1853. gress, from NTe York, from 1833 to 1835. MINER, CHARLES. MITCHELL, JAMES C. HIe was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Con- He was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1825 gress, from Tennessee, from 1825 to 1829. He is the author of a to 1829. "History of Wyoming." MITCHELL, JAMES S. MINER, PHINEAS. Hle was a Representative in ConHe was an eminent lawyer, and gress, from Pennsylvania, from a Representative in Congress, from 1821 to 1827. Connecticut, during the years 1834 and 1835. He died at Litchfield, in that State, September 16, 1839, He was a Representative in Conaged sixty years. gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1825 to 1829. MITCHELL, ANDERSON. Born in Caswell County, North MITCHELL, NAHUM. Carolina, in 1800. He graduated Born in East Bridgewater, Masat the University of that State in sachusetts, February 12, 1769; 1821; studied law, and settled in graduated at Harvard University Wilkes County in 1840, when he in 1789; taught school, studied was immediately elected to the Le- law, and was admitted to the bar in gislature. He was a member of 1792. From 1811 to 1821 he was Congress in 1842 and 1843, and Judge of the Circuit Court of since that time has devoted all his Common Pleas, and afterwards attention to his profession. Chief Justice. From 1798 to 1812 340 BIOGRAPHICAL S KETCHES. he was a Representative in the from 1801 to 1804, and again from General Court and a IRepresenta- 1810 to 1.813; and a Senator from tive in Congress, from 1803to 1805. 1804 to 1809. He died in New In 1813 and 1814 he was State York, September 8, 1831. Senator; and from 1814 to 1820 he was one of the Governor's Coun- ITCHELL, STEPHEN M. cil; and from 1822 to 1827 he was He was born at Wethersfield, Treasurer of the State. In 1840 Connecticut, December 20, 1743; he published a history of Bridge- graduated atYale College in 1763; water, Massachusetts; was a mem- was chosen a tutor in the College ber of the Aiassachusetts Historical in 1766, in which station he conSociety, and published a volume of tinned three years; he entered upon Sacred Music, entitled the "Bridge- the practice of law in 1772; was water Collection." He fell and appointed in 1779 a Judge of the died suddenly in one of the streets Hartford County Court, and in of Plymouth, August 1, 1853, while 1790 placed at the head of that attending the first celebration of Court; in 1795 he was appointed the embarkation of the Pilgrims at Judge of the Superior Court of Delft Haven. Connecticut, and in 1807 Chief Justice of that Court, which office MITCHELL, ROBERT. he held until 1814, when he became He was a Representative in Con- disqualified by age. He was a gress, from 1833 to 1835, from Ohio, Delegate to the old Congress, in of which State he was a native. 1783 and 1785; and in 1793 he was appointed to the United States MITCHELL, SAMUEL LATHAM. Senate, which position he held until 1795, when he was made Born on Long Island in 1763, Judge of the S Court. It and was well educated; after the was to his services, mrhile in Conclose of the wvar he went to Edin- gress, that Connecticut was greatly burgh and there studied medicine indebted for the establishment of and natural history. On his return her title to the tract of land in lie was appointed Professor of Ohio called the " Western ReChemistry and Natural History in serve." Ie died in the place of Columbia College; and his prac- his birth, September 30, 1835. In tice as a physician was extensive; him were combined the dignity of he edited, with Dr. Smith, fourteen the Christian, the purity of the pavolumes of the "MAledical Reposi- triot, and the virtues of the faithful tory;" he also published a life of public servant and useful citizen. Tammany, the Indian Chief, and other useful works, historical and MITCHELL, THOMAS R. scientific. He was a Representa- He graduated at Harvard Uni-.tive in Congress, from New York, versity in 1802; was a RIepresen BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCOES. 341 tative in Congress, from South the proposed Constitution for the Carolina, from 1821 to 1823, from United States. In 1790 he was 1825 to 1829, and again from 1831 elected a Senator of the United to 1833; he died in 1837. States, from Virginia. In 1794 he received the appointment of - M lxOFFIT, HOSEA. Minister Plenipotentiary to France, lHe was born in New York; and was recalled in 1797. In 1799 served six years in the Legislature he was elected Governor of Virof that State; and was a Repre- ginia. In 1802 he was sent on a sentative in Congress, from 1813 to special mission to France, which 1817. resulted in the purchase of LouiM5OLONY, RICHARD S. siana. In 1803 he was appointed Minister to England; and in 1805 He was born in New Hampshire, he was associated with Charles andl was a Representative in ConPinckney to negotiate with Spain. gress, from Illinois, from 1851 to gress, fromIllinois, from1851t During his residence in England, he and Mr. William Pinckney neMONELL, ROBERT. gotiated a commercial treaty with He was a native of Columbia Great Britain, but it was never subCounty, New York, and a Repre- mitted to the Senate, by President sentative in Congress, from that Jefferson. He returned to America State, from 1819 to 1821, and in 1808. In 1811 he was Governor again from 1829 to 1831. of Virginia, and the same year received, from President Madison, the MIONROE, JAMES. appointment of Secretary of State, Born April 28, 1758, in West- which office he held till his elecmoreland County, Virginia.. He tion as President, March 4, 1817. was educated at William and AMary During a part of the time, in 1814 College. In 1776 he joined the and 1815, he also performed the army in the revolutionary war, duties of Secretary of War. He and continued with it till 1788, was again elected President in 1821. having displayed great bravery, He died July 4, 1831. when he retired and engaged in the studyof law. In 1780 he held the MONROE, JAMES. office of Military Commissioner for 1le was born in Virginia, and Virginia, and in that capacity having removed to New York, was visited the Southern army. In elected a Representative in Con1782 he was a member of the Vir- gress, from that State, serving from ginia Assembly; and in 1783 a 1839 to 1841; he was a member of Delegate to Congress. In 1788 the Assembly of New York in 1850 he was a nlmember of the Conven- and 1852, and a State Senator durtion, in Virginia, to deliberate on ing the three subsequent years. 342 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. MONTANYA, J. L. D. MONTGOMERY, WILLIAIM. He was born in New York, served Born in Guilford County, North two years in the Assembly of that Carolina, and was educated for the State, and was a Representative in medical profession. He was elected Congress, from New York, from to the General Assembly in 1824, 1839 to 1841. where he served, with but one intermission, until 1834, when he was IONTGOiERY, DANIEL. elected a Representative in ConHe was a Representative in Con- gress, and continued in that posigress, from Pennsylvania, from 1807 tion until 1841. He died November to 1809. 27, 1844, aged fifty-three years. MONTGOMERY, JOHN. lHe was a Representative in Con- MONTGOMERY, WILLIAM. gress, from Maryland, from 1807 to Born in Canton Township, Penn1811. sylvania, April 11, 1819; graduated at Washington College, Penn~IONTGOMiIERY, JOHN G. sylvania, in 1839; he studied law, He was elected a member of the and was admitted to the bar in 1842, Thirty-fifth Congress, from Penn- and he was elected a Representative sylvania, but died before taking his in Congress, in 1856, and still conseat, of the mysterious National tinues in that capacity, serving in Hotel disease, at Danville, Pennsyl- the Thirty-fifth Congress, on the vania, April 24, 1857, aged fifty- Committee on Public Lands. He two years. He was an excellent has been re-elected to the Thirtylawyer, of great experience and sixth Congress. learning, and a brilliant career was anticipated for him in the arena of MOOR, WYMAN B. S. national politics. He was a Senator in Congress, MONTGOMERY, THOMAS. from Maine, from 1848 to 1849, by He was born in Nelson County, appointment, and for an unexpired Virginia, and was a Representative term. in Congress, from Kentucky, from MOORE, ANDREW. 1813 to 1815, and again from 1821 to 1823. HIe was a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1789 to MONTGOMERY, WILLIAM. 1797, and again from 1803 to 1804; He was a Repr.esentative in Con- when he was chosen to the United gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1793 States Senate, and served until to 1795. 1809. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 343 MOORE, ELI. MOORE, JOHN. I-e was a Representative in Con- lie was born in Virginia, and gress, from New York, from 1835 was a Representative in Congress, to 1839. from that State, from 1851 to 1853. MOORE, GABRIEL. MOORE, NICHOLAS R. He was a Representative in Con- He was a Representative in Congress, from Alabama, from 1822 to gress, from Maryland, from 1803 to 1829; a Senator in Congress, from 1811, and again from 1813 to 1816. 1831 to 1837; and died at Caddo, Texas, in 1844. MOORE, OSCAR F. He was born in Ohio, and was a MOORE, HENRY D. Representative in Congress, from He was born in Goshen, Orange that State, from 1855 to 1857. County, New York, April 17, 1817; received his education at one of MOORE, ROBERT. the public schools of New York He was born in Washington City; when sixteen years of age, County, Pennsylvania, and was a he acquired a knowledge of the tai- a Representative in Congress, from loring business, which he followed that State, from 1817 to 1821. until 1843; in that year he removed to Philadelphia, and became in- MOORE, SAMUEL. terested in the marble business; He was born in Cumberland and he was a Representative in County, New Jersey, and was a Congress, from Pennsylvania, from Representative in Congress, from 1849 to 1853. Pennsylvania, from 1819 to 1822. MOORE, HERMAN A. MOORE, S. McD. He was born in Vermont, in tIe was born in Virginia, and was 1810, studied law in Rochester, a Representative in Congress, from New York, and removing to Co- that State, from 1833 to 1835. lumbus, Ohio, obtained distinction as a lawyer, and was a Represen- MOORE, SYDENHAM. tative in Congress, from that State, Born in Rutherford County, Tenfrom 1843 to the time of his death, nessee, but removed to Alabama which occurred in Columbus, April with his parents, soon after its ad3, 1844. mission as a State; he was educated at the University of Alabama; MOORE, JOHN. was bred to the profession of the He was a Representative in Con- law; was Judge of the County gress, from Louisiana, from 1841 to Court of Green County, Alabama, 1843. for six years, and for a short time 344 BIoGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. on the Circuit Court bench of that ing it for a few years he was electState; resigned his judgeship, and ed to the State Legislature, serving went to Mexico as captain of a vol- during 1828 and 1829; he was apunteer company, and served one pointed, in 1832, Attorney-General year, a portion of the time in Gene- of Kentucky, which office he held ral Taylor's line on the Rio Grande, five years; in 1838, 1839, and 1840, and also in General Scott's line at he was again returned to the LegisTampico, Vera Cruz, Alvarado, lature, officiating during the latter and Jalapa; and, on his return year as Speaker; was re-elected home, was elected brigadier-gene- and made Speaker in 1841; was ral of militia; and was chosen, in again re-elected in 1842 and 1844, 1857, a member of the Thirty-fifth and for the third time chosen SpeakCongress. He is a member of the er; and he was a Representative in Committee on Claims. Congress, from Kentucky, from 1847 to 1851; in 1853 he was once MOORE, THOMAS. more returned to the Legislature; He was a Representative in Con- and in 1855 was elected Governor gress, from South Carolina, from of Kentucky, which position he still 1801 to 1813, and again from 1815 occupies. He was for many years to 1817. one of the most devoted friends and supporters of Henry Clay. MOORE, THOMAS S. He was born in Jefferson County, MOPEHEAD, JAMES T. Virginia, and was a Representative Born in Covington, Kentucky, in Congress, from that State, from May 24, 1797; studied law and 1820 to 1823. entered upon the practice in 1818. He served three years in the State MOORE, THOMIAS P. Legislature; in 1832 he was elected He was born in 1795; was an Lieutenant-Governor of Kentucky, officer in the war of 1812; member and after the death of Governor of Congress, from 1823 to 1829, Breathitt, in 1834, became Goverand from 1833 to 1835; Minister nor. In 1837 he was again elected to the Republic of Colombia in to the Legislature; and in 1838 he 1829; and lieutenant-colonel in was appointed President of the the regular army during the war Board of Internal Improvements, with Mexico. He died in Harrods- which office he held until 1841, burg, Kentucky, July 21, 1853. when he was elected to the United States Senate for the term of six MOREHEAD, CHARLES S. years. He subsequently resumed He was born in Nelson County, the practice of his profession, and Kentucky, in 1802; he adopted the died at Covington, Kentucky, Deprofession of law, and after practic- cember 28, 1854. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 345 MOREHEAD, I. T. Southern campaign, under General A Representative in Congress Greene, and advanced to the rank of A2 Representative in Congress, from Nort'h zCarolina, from 1851 to brigadier-general, receiving fromn 1853. Congress a gold medal, for the skill and bravery he displayed at the batMORGAN, CHRISTOPHER. tie of Cowpensin the defeatof Tarleton. In 1794 he commanded the lie was born in New York, grae a e a militia of Virginia, ordered out by duated at Yale College in 1828, President Washington, for the purPresident WTashington, for the purand was a Representative in Conpose of suppressing the Whisky Ingress, from his native State, from ~1839 to 1843. surrection in Pennsylvania. He was a Representative in Congress, from 1795 to 1799. In 1799 he MIORGSN, DANIEL. published an address to his constiWas a native of New Jersey, but tuents, vindicating the administraremoved in early life to Virginia. tion of Mr. Adams. He died at t-1aving neither the advantages of WTinchester, Virginia, in 1802, aged wealth, nor of a good education, he sixty-nine. was dependent for his support on hard labor. In 1755 he served as MORGAN, EDWIN B. a private soldier under General Born at Aurora, Cayuga County, Braddock. At the close of the cam- New York, May 2 1806. He was paign he retired to a farm in Frede- a merchant by occupation until his rick County. At the commencement of the Revolution he commanded a troop of cavalry, uhender General gress as Representative; and he troop of cavalry, under Gleneral w was re-elected to the Thirty-fourth Washiln ton, at Boston. 1e was and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and is detached on the expedition against a member of the Committtee on Quebec, and when Arnold was Quebec, and when Arnold was Public Buildings and Grounds. wounded he took command of his division; but the retreat of the other division, after the fall of Montgo- MORGAN, JAMES. mery, left Morgan to contend with lHe was born in New Jersey, and the whole force of the enemy, and was a Representative in Congress, he was taken prisoner; on being from that State, from 1811 to 1813. exchanged he was appointed to the command of a regiment. He was - MORGAN, JOHN I. with General Gates at the capture He wMas a member of the New of Burgoyne. In 1778 he com- York Assembly; a Representative manded a corps on the Schuylkill in Congress, from that State, from to cut off supplies from the British 1821 to 1825; and again in the Asin Philadelphia. He served in the sembly in 1836 and 1840. 346 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. MORGAN, WILLIAM S. MORRILL, JUSTIN S. Born in Monongalia County, Vir- He was born in Strafford, Verginia, September 7, 1801. He was mont, April 14, 1810; received an self-educated; served as a Repre- academical education, and engaged sentative in Congress, from Virgi- in mercantile pursuits until the year nia, from 1835 to 1839, and was 1848, when he devoted liimself to Chairman of the Committee on Re- agriculture. 1He was elected a Revolutionary Pensions, and declined presentative, from Vermont, in the a re-election; in 1840 he was ap- Thirty-fourth Congress, and was repointed a clerk in the House of elected a member of the ThirtyRepresentatives, from which posi- fifth; he was a member of the Comtion he was transferred to the Le- mittee on the Sale of Fort Snelling, gislature of Virginia, and declined and serving at the present time on a re-election; he was a Democratic the Committee on Agriculture. Elector in 1843; and in 1845, having injured his health by public MORRIS, CALVARY. speaking, he was appointed to a He was born in Virginia, and clerkship in the Treasury Depart- was a Representative in Congress, ment, where he still continues. from Ohio, from 1837 to 1844. MORRIL, DAVID L. MORRIS, EDWARD JOY. Born in Epping, New Itampshire Born in Philadelphia, PennsylJune 10, 1772, and died February vania, July 15, 1817; graduated at 4, 1849. He attended Exeter Aca- Harvard University; was a memdemy, studied medicine, and com- ber of the House of Represenmenced the practice at Epsom in tatives of Pennsylvania in 1841, 1793. He also studied theology, 1842, and 1843; and elected to and was ordained a pastor, but re- the Twenty-ninth Congress, as Resigned his charge in 1811, and re- presentative from the First Consumed the practice of medicine. He gressional District; was appointed was a Representative to the Gene- United States Charg6 d'Affaires to ral Court, and in 1816 was chosen Naples in 1850, where he remained to the United States Senate for six four years. On his return to Philayears. He subsequently became a delphia, was chosen a member of member of the State Senate, and its the Board of Directors of Girard President, and afterwards, for four College. In 1856 was again elected successive terms, was elected Gover- to the State Legislature, and in the nor of New Hampshire. He wrote fall of that year was elected to the and published many occasional dis- Thirty-fifth Congress, and is a memcourses and essays, on various reli- ber of the Committee for the Disgious and secular topics. trict of Columbia. As an author, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 347 his publications are, "A Tour MORRIS, JOSEPH. through Turkey, Greece and Egypt, Born in Green County, Pen Born in Green County, PennsylArabia Petrsea," etc., " The Turkish vania, October 16, 1795. He was Empire, Social and Political," "Afleft an orphan at the age of ten raja, or Life and Love in Norway, " y, ears, and having been apprenticed (a translation,) and also a transla- to the trade of a wheelwright, he to the trade of a wheelwright, he tion from the German of Gregozo- continued to follow the business continued to follow the business yiuS, "Corsica, Social and Politivis~, "Corsica, Social andPoliti- until he was twenty-five years old. eal," etc. lHe has been re-elected cal," etc. e has been re-elected In 1824 he was elected sheriff of to the Thirty-sixth Congress. In 1829 he rehis native county. In 1899 he rsmoved to Ohio, and devoted himself MORRIS, GOUVERNEUR. to merchandizing; he was elected Minister from the'United States to the Ohio Legislature in 1833 and to France, and an eminent American 1834; he was Treasurer for Monroe statesman and orator. He gradu- County for one year, and, while in ated at King's College, in the City that office, was elected to Congress of New York, in 1768. He was in 1843, and re-elected in 1845, bred to the law, and attained great serving two entire terms. Hle died celebrity in the profession. In 1715 at Woodfield, Ohio, October 23, he was a Delegate to the Provincial 1854. Congress, from New York; and 0.. MORRIS, LEWIS R. was employed in the public service in various capacities, during the re- IHe was a Representative in Convolutionary contest, and in all of gress, from Vermont, from 1797 to them displayed great zeal and 1803. ability. After the war of the Revolution he retired from public MORRIS, MATIIAS. life, although an active member A Representative in Congress, of the Convention which formed from Pennsylvania, from 1835 to the present Constitution of the 1839, and was much respected for United States. In 1792 he was his talents. He died at Doylesappointed Minister to France, and town, Pennsylvania, November 9, remained in that capacity till Octo- 1839, aged fifty-four years. ber, 1794. He returned to America in 1798, and in 1800 was chosen a MORRIS, ROBERT. Senator of the United States, from I-le was a native of England, but New York. lie died in 1816, aged came to the United States when a sixty-four. His publications were boy of thirteen, and settled in numerous; a selection from his Philadelphia as a clerk, where he papers, with'a sketch of his life, have spent the most of his life as an inbeen published by Jared Sparks. fluential merchant and financier. 348 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. He was a member of the Congress but two years afterwards removed to of 17i7, and signed the Declaration the County of Clermont. In 1802, of Independence. In 17,81 he ob- while engaged in the avocation of tained the control of the American a day-laborer, and without an infinances, and rendered important structor, he commenced the study services to his adopted country. of law, adopted the profession, and iHe was a member of the Conven- became eminent. In 1806 he was tion which formed the present Con- elected to the Legislature of Ohio, stitution, and was chosen a United and represented Clermont County, States Senator, serving from 1789 either in the Senate or House, for a to 1795. Notwithstanding his valu- period of twenty-four years, doing able services to his country, he much to develop the resources of passed the latter years of his life in his adopted State. He was also imprisonment for debt; until the Chief Judge of Ohio, and he was period of his impoverishment, his elected a Senator in Congress, for house had been the scene of most the long term, from 1833 to 1839. liberal hospitality. He died May He died December 7, 1844, and his 8, 1806, aged seventy-one years. life and collected speeches and writings have been published in MORRIS, SAMUEL W. one volume, under the supervision Born in 1788; was for many years of his son, Rev. B. F. Morris. Judge of the District Court of Tio- While in Congress he ably defended ga County, Pennsylvania, and was the freedom of the press, the freea member of the House of Repre- dom of speech, and the right of pesentatives, in Congress, from 1837 tition. to 1841. He died in Wellsborough, Pennsylvania, May 25, 1847. MORRIS, JONATHAN D. He is the eldest son of the preMORRIS, THOMAS. ceding; was born in Ohio, and is a lawyer by profession, He served IHe was for three years a member of the New York Assembly, for twenty years as Clerk of the f Court of Common Pleas and of the from Ontario County, and a R~epreSupreme Court of Clermont Counsentative in Congress, from 1801 to 1803. ty, Ohio; and he was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from MORRIS, THOMAS. 1847 to 1851. Now devoted to the e was born in Virinia Ja practice of his profession. He was born in Virginia, January 3, 1776, and was the son of a Baptist clergyman. When nine- MORRIS, ISAAC N. teen years of age he emigrated to He is the fourth son of Thomas the valley of the Ohio, and settled Morris, and brother of the above near the present site of Cincinnati, named; and was born in Ohio, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 349 January 22, 1812. He studied law Governor of Ohio, from 1822 to and was admitted to the bar in 1826; subsequently a Canal Com1835; in 1836 he emigrated to missioner; served a second time as Illinois, and settled in Quincy, where a Representative in Congress, from he still resides. In 1840 he was 1841 to 1843, officiating as Chairappointed Secretary of State for man of the Committee on Public Illinois, but declined the position; Lands; and for several years before in 1841 he was chosen President of his death was President of the the Illinois and Michigan Canal Little Miami Railroad Company. Company; in 1846 he was elected He died in Ohio, March 22, 1852. to the State Legislature, from Adams County; in 1856 he was MORSE, FREEMAN H. elected a Representative, from Illi- He was born in Maine, and was nois, to the Thirty-fifth Congress, elected a Representative to the and re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Thirty-fifth Congress, from that Congress. He is at the present State, and is a member of the Comtime a member of the Committe on mittee on the Cost of Public PrintRoads and Canals. ing, and that on Naval Affairs. He has been re-elected to the ThirtyMORRISON, JOHN A. sixth Congress. IHe was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, MORSE, ISAAC E. from that State, from 1851 to 1853. He was born in Louisiana, and was a Representative in Congress, MORRISON, GEORGE W. from that State from 1843 to 1851. He was born in Vermont, and was a Representative in Congress, from MORSE, O. A. New Hampshire, from 1850 to 1851, Born in Cherry Valley, Otsego and again from 1853 to 1855. County, New York, March 26, 1815; graduated at Hamilton ColMORROW, JEREMIAH. lege, New York; studied law, but Born in Pennsylvania in 1 770, has not practiced of late years; and but removed to the Northwest Ter- was elected a Representative to ritory, now the State of Ohio, in the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving 1795, and was chosen a member of as a member of the Committee on the Territorial Legislature in 1800. Invalid Pensions. He was the first Representative in Congress, from Ohio, serving from MORTON, JACKSON. 1803 to 1813, and was a Senator in He was born in Virginia and reCongress, from 1813 to 1819, being moving to Florida, was a Senator appointed, in 1814, a Commissioner in Congress, from that State, from to treat with the Indians. He was 1849 to 1855. I-e subsequently 350 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. entered extensively into the busi- State Senate, from 1838 to 1841; ness of manufacturing lumber, in and a Representative in. Congress, Florida. from 1843 to 1847. MORTON, JEREMIAH. M OTT, JAMES. He was born in Virginia, and He was a Representative in Conwas a Representative in Congress, gress, from Pennsylvania, from from that State, from 1849 to 1851. 1801 to 1805. MORTON, MARCUS. MOTT, RICHARD. He Was born in Freetown, Mas- ]Born in Mamaroneck, Westchessachusetts, December 19, 1784; ter County, New York, July 21, graduated at Brown University in 1804. He was educated at the 1804; studied law, and devoted Quaker Seminary of "Nine Parthimself to politics; in 1811 he was ners," in Dutchess County, New chosen Clerk of the Massachusetts York; bred a merchant, and has Senate; he was a Representative in resided in Toledo, Ohio, for twenty Congress, from Massachusetts, from years; and, having been elected to 181S to 1821; in 1823 was a mem- the Thirty-fourth Congress, was reber of the Executive Council of elected to the Thirty-fifth. that State; in 1824 was elected MOULTON, MACE. Lieutenant-Governor; subsequently a Judge of the Supreme Court of He was born in New HampMassachusetts; and in 1839 was shire, and was a Representative in chosen Governor of the State, after Congress, from that State, from which he retired to private life. 1845 to 184T. MOUTON, ALEXANDER. MOSELY, JONATHAN OGDEN. MOUTON, ALEXANDER. He was a Senator in Congress, Born at East Haddon, 1Middle- from Louisiana, from 1837 to 1842. sex County, Connecticut; was a graduate of Yale College in 1780; MUHLENBERG, FREDERICK A. and a Representative in Congress, Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvafrom his native State, from 1805 to nia; was Treasurer of the State; 1821. He subsequently removed President of the Convention which to Michigan, and died at Saginaw, ratified the Constitution of the in that State, September 9, 1839, United States, and was a Repreaged seventy-seven years. sentative in Congress, from 1789 to 1797; and Speaker of the HIouse MIIOSELY, WILLIAM A. during the First and Third ConHe graduated at Yale College gresses. iHe died at Lancaster, in 1816; was a member of the New Pennsylvania, June 4, 1801, aged York Assembly in 1835; of the fifty-one years. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 351 MUHLENBiERG, HENRY A. MUHLENBERG, PETER. He was born in Reading, Penn- He was born at the Trappe, Montsylvania, and was a Representative gomery County, Pennsylvania, Ocin Congress, from that State, from tober 1, 1746. -Ie was educated in 1853 to 1854, He died January 9, Germany, and, on his return home, 1854, in the prime of life. studied theology with his father. In 1772 he went to London with MUHLENBERG, HENRY AUGUSTUS. Bishop White, who was also a canHe was born in Lancaster, Penn- didate for holy orders, and was orsylvania, May 13, 1782. Under the dained, by the Bishop of London, instruction of his father, a learned as an Episcopal clergyman. He clergyman of the Lutheran Church, was for a few years settled over a he completed the usual course of parish in Virginia, but at the comcollegiate studies at an early age; mencement of the Revolution he and in 1802 he was ordained as a was urged to takeia military comLutheran clergyman, and had the mand; and he accordingly preachpastoral charge of Trinity Church ed his last sermon to his parishionat Reading, in which position he ers, throwing off his clerical robes remained until 1828, when, on ac- and appearing in the pulpit in full count of ill health, he resigned, and uniform, saying, " There is a time retired to a farm In 1829 he was for all things, and now is the time elected a Representative in Con- to fight;" read his commission as gress, serving until 1838, when he colonel, and ordered the drummers resigned his seat, having, during his to beat for recruits; his parishionterm of office, been chairman of se- ers crowded to the standard, and he veral important committees. In had no difficulty in forming a regi1835 he was the Democratic candi- ment. His first campaigns were date for Governor, but the Whig fought in Georgia and South Caroparty was successful. In 1837 lina. In 1777 he was promoted to President Van Buren tendered him the rank of brigadier-general, and a place in his cabinet as Secretary participated in the battles of Branof the Navy, and also the mission to dywine, Germantown, Monmouth, Russia, both of which he declined, but and Stony Point; and in 1780 held in 1838 he accepted the mission to the chief command, when Leslie inAustria, and was recalled at his own vaded Virginia, and was next in request in 1841. In 1844 he was command to La Fayette when Cornagain a candidate for Governor, but wallis entered Virginia. I-le comhe died suddenly at Reading, Au- manded the First Brigade of Light gust 12, 1844, a few weeks before Infantry at Yorktown; and when the election, leaving the reputation the army was disbanded, he receivof an upright and able statesman. ed the commission of major-gene 352 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. ral. After returning to his abode Hill in 1801, and having studied in Pennsylvania, he was elected a law, was a successful advocate. He member of the Supreme Executive served in the State Legislature in Council of the State. In 1785 he 1805, and was a Representative in was chosen Vice-President of the Congress, from 1813 to 1817. In Commonwealth, and upon the adop- 1825 he emigrated to Tennessee, tion of the Federal Constitution he and soon after died at Nashville. was elected a Representative in Congress, serving from 1789 to MURPHY, CHARLES. 1791, from 1793 to 1795, and from He was born in South Carolina, 1799 to 1801. In 1797 he was a and was a Representative in ConPresidential Elector; and in 1801 gress, from Georgia, from 1851 to he was elected United States Sena- 1853. tor, but resigned in 1802, and was appointed Supervisor of tlie Revenue for the District of Pennsylva- He was a native of South Caronia. In 1803 he was made Col- lina; graduated at the South Calector of the port of Philadelphia, rolina College in 1808; was Clerk and held this office until his death, of the Senate of South Carolina; which occurred October 1, 1807. Governor of Alabama, from 1825 to 1829, and a Representative in MULLEN, JOSEPH. Congress, from that State, from I-le was a native of Ireland, and 1833 to 1835. He died in Clark a Representative in Congress, from County, Alabama, September 21, New York, from 1847 to 1849. 1841, in the fifty-sixth year of his age. MAUMFORD, GEORGE. Born in Rowan County, North HENRY C. Carolina. He represented it in Hie was born in Brooklyn, New the General Assembly in 1810 and York, in 1810; graduated at Co1811; and was a Representative in lumbia College in 1830; studied Congress, from 1817 to 1819, hay- law, and was admitted to the bar ing died in Washington before the in 1833; was at one time Attorney expiration of his term. for the City of Brooklyn; was elected MIayor of that city in 1842; MUMFORD, GURDON S. was a Representative in Congress, He was born in New York, and from New York, from 1843 to 1849; was a Representative in Congress, and by President Buchanan, was from that State, from 1805 to 1811. appointed Minister to the Hague. In his tastes, he is decidedly liteMURFREE, WILLIAM H. rary, and has devoted much attenBorn in Hertford County, North tion to the investigation of the early Carolina; graduated at Chapel history of his native State. BIOGRAPHICAL S K ET CH E S. 3 5 MURRAY, AMBROSE S. date. He was appointed, by WashLHe was born in New York, and ington, Minister to the Batavian Republic; and in connection with was elected a Representative, from Repblic; and in connection ith that State, to the Thirty-fourth and r. Ellsworth, and Mr. negotiated a treaty with France in Thirty-fifth Congresses, and is a negotiated a treaty with France in 1800. He returned to the United member of the Committee on MileStates in 1801, and died, December age. MURRAY, JOHN. 11, 1803. IHe possessed great keenness of wit and delicacy of taste, He was born in Lancaster, Penn- and was distinguished for his eosylvania, and was a Representative quence, having a mind well stored in Congress, from that State, from with science and literature. 1817 to 1821. MIURRAYu, JOHN L. I NABERS, BENJAMIN D. He was a Representative in Con- He was born in Tennessee, and gress, from Kentucky, from 1838 to on removing to Mississippi, was 1g839. elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 MURRAY, THOMAS. to 1853.!He was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1821 NAUDAIN, AR)NOLD. to 1823. IHe was born in Delaware; graduated at Princeton College in MURRAY, 7WILLIAM.d 1806, and was a Senator in ConHe was born in New York, and gress, from that State, from 1829 was a Representative in Congress, to 1836. from that State, from 1851 to 1855. NAYLOR, CHRLES. MURRAY, WILLIAAM VANS. Born in the County of PhilaHe was born in Maryland, about delphia, Pennsylvania, October 6, the year 1161. In 1783 he went 1806; educated a lawyer, admitted to London, and entered as a stu- in 1828 to the bar of Philadelphia, dent of law at the Temple, and and was there for some years exremained three years. On return- tensively engaged in practice. He ing to his native State, he engaged represented his native district in in the practice of law, but was soon Congress, from 1837 to 1841. In elected to a seat in the Legislature. 1846 he raised in Philadelphia a In 1791 he was elected a Repre- company of volunteers, and, as their sentative to Congress, and con- captain, took part in the war with tinned in that position until 1797, Mexico; rendezvoused at the Island when he declined being a candi- of Lobos, in the Gulf of Mexico; 23 354 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHE S. landed with the invading army at a Representative in Congress, from Vera Cruz; was active in the that State, from 1805 to 1807, and operations before that city, and in again from 1815 to 1823; and died most of the engagements, on Ge- at Newburyport, October 2, 1838. neral Scott's line. Upon the fall of the City of Mexico, September NELSON, JOHN. 14, 1847, he was appointed Go- He was born in Maryland, and vernor of the National Palace, (the was a Representative in Congress, " Halls of the Montezumas,") and from that State, from 1821 to 1823, keeper of the archives and pro- and in 1831 was appointed Charg6 perty of that Republic; and con- d'Affaires to the Two Sicilies. tinued to hold that place, and to aid in the administration of the go- NELSON, ROG-ER. vernment of the city, till the final by theAmr He was a general in the revoluevacuation of it by the American evacuation of it btionary war; and a Representative army, June 12, 1848. He has in Congress, from Maryland, from filled many posts of trust and honor 1804 to 1810 and died at Frederickin his native State, and is at pre-, town, June 7, 1815, ataan advanced sent engaged in the practice of his profession in the City of Wash-age. ington. NELSON, THOMAS M. NEAL, RAPHAEL. He was born in Virginia in 1782; served with distinction in the war Hie was born in St. Mary's of 1812, as a captain of infantry; County, Maryland; and was a Reafter the war he was promoted to presentative in Congress, from that the rank of major, but resigned his commission; was a Representative in Congress, from his native State, from 1816 to 1819, when he deHe was born in Virginia; and clined a re-election and retired to was at one time Speaker of the private life. He died November House of Delegates of Virginia; 10, 1853. a Judge of the General Court; a member of Congress, from 1811 to NELSON, WILLIAM. 1823, and immediately afterwards Born in Clinton, Dutchess County, appointed American Minister to New York, June 29, 1784; he reSpain. Hie died in Albemarle ceived an academical education; County, March 18, 1836. studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1807; was District AtNELSON, JEREMIIBAH. torney for the Counties of WestHe was born in Essex County, chester, Putnam, and Rockland for Massachusetts, in 1778; served as a period of thirty years; was a B I O G RAPHICAL SKETCHIES, 355 member of the Assembly of New NEWELL, WILLIAM A. York, in 1819 and 1820; and an Ohio, was ed lie was born in Ohio, was eduiState Senator, in 1823; and he was cated for the medical rofession a Representative in Congress, from and on taking up his and on takiing up his residence in New Yolrk, from 1847 to 1851. New Jersey, was elected a RiepreI-e is at the present time a resident sentative in Congress, from 1847 to of Peekskill. 1851. In 1856 he was elected GoNES, HENRY. vernor of New Jersey for the term ending in 1860. Born in York, Pennsylvania, in ending in 1860. 1799, and was educated a physician. He was frequently called to fill NEWHARD, PETER. places of trust and responsibility in He was born in Pennsylvania, his native town, and was a Repre- and was a Representative in Consentative in Congress, from 1843 gress, from that State, from 1839 to 1845, and again from 1846 to to 1843..1850. He was retiring in his habits, but had many devoted friends. NEWMAN, DANIEL. He died September 10, 1850. I-e served as a soldier in the early Indian wars in Georgia, held ~ NESBITT, WILSON. many high positions in the State, He was a Representative in Con- and was a member of Congress, gress, from South Carolina, fron from 1831 to 1833. He died in 1817 to 1819 Walker County, Georgia. NEVEL, JOSEPH. TT NEWTON, EBENEZER. I-le was a Representative in Con- NEWTON, EBENEZER. gress, from Virginia, from 1793 to He was born in Connecticut, and 1795. was a Representative in Congress, NEW, ANTHONY. from Ohio, from 1851 to 1853. He was a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1793 to NEWTON, THOMAS. 1805, and on taking up his resi- Born in 1769; was a Represendence in Kentucky, was elected a tative in Congress, from Virginia, Representative in Congress, from from 1801 to 1829, and again from that State, from 1811 to 1813, from 1831 to 1833. He died in Norfolk, 1817 to 1819, and from 1821 to Virginia, August 5, 1847. 1823. NEWBOLD, THOMAS. NEWTON, THOMAS W. Ie was a Representative in Con- He was a Representative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1807 gress, from Arkansas, from 1845 to to 1813. 1846. 356 BIoGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. NEWTON, WILLOUGHBY. sures of President Jefferson's administration. In 1804 he resigned He was born in Virginia, and was his seat in the Senate, and accepted a Representative in Congress, fromt that Sentates from 1843 to 1845. the office of Collector of the ports that State, from 1843 to 1845. of Norfolk and Portsmouth. He NIBLACK, WILLIAM E. was afterwards a member of the House; but he resigned his seat in Born in Dubois County, Indiana, 1809. In 1814 he was Governor, May 19, 1822. He studied law and and remained in office until 181. was admitted to practice in 1843; He died at Milton, October 10 during that year he was appointed 1820. County Surveyor; in 1849 he was elected to the State Legislature, ~\ICHOLS, MATTHIAS H. where he served until 1852; in 1854, he was appointed a Circuit Judge, Born in Salem County, New Jerand subsequently elected for six sey, October 3, 1824. His educayears. He was elected a Represen- tion was acquired in a printingtative in the Thirty-fifth Congress, office and by the aid of friends, who from Indiana, serving on the Corn- instructed him after the ordinary mittee on Mileage, and has recently hours of labor. He studied law, been re-elected to the Thirty-sixth and in 1849 was licensed to practice Congress. in Auglaize County, Ohio. He was Prosecuting Attorney for Allen NICHOLAS, JOHN. County; resigned the office in 1852 He was a Representative in Con- to become a candidate for Congress, gress, from Virginia, from 1793 to and was elected a Representative to 1801. the Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth, and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and is a NICHOLAS, R. C. member of the Joint Committee on He was a Senator in Congress, Printing. from Louisiana, from 1836 to 1841. NICHOLSON, A. O. P. NICHOLAS, WILSON C. *He was born in Williamson CounA Governor of Virginia; an of- ty, Tennessee, August 31, 1808; ficer in the war of the Revolution, graduated at Chapel Hill Univerand a member of the Convention sity, North Carolina, in 1827; setwhich-ratified the Constitution of tied in Tennessee,as a lawyer; was the United States. He was a dis- a member of the Tennessee Legislatinguished member of the National ture from 1833 to 1839; was a SeHouse of Representatives, from nator in Congress, from that State, 1807 to 1809, and of the Senate of from 1840 to 1842; was a member the United States from 1799 to of the Tennessee Senate from 1843 1804, and ably supported the mea- to 1845; was Chancellor of the BIOGRAPH I CAL S K E T CH E S. 357 middle division of the State in 1845; NILES, JOHN IM. was President of the Bank of TenHe was born in Windsor, Connessee in 1846 and 1847; was elect-, and was bred to nectcent, in 1787, and was bred to ed Printer of the House of Repre-, the bar, and went to Hartford in sentatives, by the Thirty-third Con- 1816 to practice law. In 1817 he gress, and Printer of the Senate, by the Thityfort Cwas there concerned in publishing thle Thirty-fourth Congress; and the Times, which he edited for a from 1853 to 1856 he was editor of t time. In 1820 he was commissioned the Washington Daily Union. He o Judre of the County Court. He was has been elected a Senator in Con- n appointed Postmaster of Hartford, gress, from Tennessee, for the term b ~In 7 *. by President Jackson, and held the commencing in 1859 and ending in comm1865encing in 1859 and endling in office until made a Senator in Con1865. gress, in 1835, in which position he NICHOLSON, JOIN. remained until 1839. In 1840 he was appointed Postmaster- General, He was a member for several by President Van Buren. In 1842 years of the New York Assembly, years of the New Assembly, he was again elected to the United and a Representative in Congress, States Senate, served six years, refrom that State, from 1809 to 1811. tired to private life, and died May 31, 1856. He was fond. of literary NICHOLSON, JOSEPH HOPPER pursuits, and his contributions to A native of Maryland; received the periodical press were abundant. a good education, and was a lawyer l-Ie edited a Gazetteer of Connecby profession. In 1805 he was ap- ticut and Rhode Island, and wrote pointed Chief Judge of the Sixth a History of South America. In Judicial District, and was also a his will he gave $20,000 for the Judge of the Court of Appeals of benefit of the poor of Hartford, Maryland. From 1799 to 1806 he and bequeathed his library to the was a Representative in Congress, Historical Society of Connecticut. and died March 4, 1817, aged fortyseven years. NILES, NATHANIEL. NICOLL, HENRY. He was born in South Kingston, Born in the City of New York, Rhode Island, in 174,1; graduated October 23, 1812; graduated at at Princeton College in 1766; was Columbia College in 1830; studied a student of law, medicine, and law and has practiced with success; theology; was the inventor of was a member of the New York making wire from bar iron, by Constitutional Convention in 1846; water power, and erected at Norand a Representative in Congress, wich, Connecticut, a woolen card from New York, from 1847 to 1849. manufactory; he was a member of 358 B IO GRAPHICAL SKETCH E S. the Vermont Legislature, and NOBLE, WILLIAM IH. Speaker of the House; a Judge of He was born in New Yolk; the Supreme Court of that State; served three years in the Assembly was six times a Presidential Elec- of that State, from Cayuga County; tor; and a Representative in Con- and wns a Representative in Congress, from Vermont, from 1791 to gress, fiom New York, from 1837 1795. He wrote poetry, and many to 1839. sermons, and preached in his own house twelve years. He died at NORRIS, MOSES. West Fairlee, Vermont, in Novem- Born in Pittsfield, New Hampber, 1828. shire, in 1799; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1828; studied NISBET, E. A. law, and devoted himself successHe was born in Georgia; and fully to the practice; in 1839 he was a Representative in Congress, was elected to the State Legislafrom that State, from 1839 to 1842. ture, and in 1840 was elected Speaker of the House; in 1841 he NIVEN, ARCHIBALD C. was elected a member of the State He was born in New York; and Council; and in 1844 he was elected was a Representative in Congress, a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1845 to where he continued four years. In from that State, from 1845 to 1847. 1847 he was again a member of the Legislature, and Speaker; and NOBLE, DAVID A. while serving in that capacity he was elected a Senator in Congress, He was born in Massachusetts; liberally educated; adopted the serving from 1849 to 1855; and he died at Washington, January 11, profession of law; and on removing 1855. to Michigan, was elected a Repre sentative in Congress, from that NORTH, WILLIAM. State, from 1853 to 1855. State, from 1853 to 1855. He was aid to Baron Steuben, in the revolutionary war, and afterNOBLE, JAMES. wards appointed adjutant-general. He was a Senator in Congress, He was a Representative, from New from Indiana," from 1816 to 1831, York, in Congress, in 1798; died having died February 26, of the at New York, January 4, 1836, latter year. He was a native of aged eighty-three years; and was Battletown, Clark County, Vir- buried at Duanesburg. ginia, but removed when a youth to i(entucky, and subsequently to In- NORTON, EBENEZER F. diana. He was a self-educated He was born in New York; man and very influential in his served in the State Assembly, from adopted State. Erie County, in 1823; and was a BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 359 Representative in Congress, from NUCKOLLS, WILLIAAM C. New York, frorm 1829 to 1831. He was born in South Carolina; graduated at the university of that State in 1820; adopted the profesEe was born in Vermont, and sion of law; and was a Representawas a Representative in Congress, tive in Congress, from South Carofrom Illinois, from 1853 to 1857. lina, from 1827 to 1833. NORVELL, JOHN. OAKLEY, THONlMAS JACKSON. He was bred a printer, was for a time the editor of a newspaper in in York, in 1783; graduated at Yale ~ 2Philadelphia, was appointed, by Phidel a, waso Po sted, b College in 1801; studied law, and President Jackson, Postmaster of entered on the practice at PoughDetroit, in Michigan, and, having keepsie, New York. In 1810 he was become identified with the Territo-w York. In 1810 he was appointed Surrogate of Dutchess ry of Michigan, became one of the County, and in 1813 was electSenators in Congress, from the ed a Representative in Congress, new State, having served in that where he continued until 1815, capacity from 1835 to 1841. Ie where he continued until 1815, when he resumed his profession, died a few years after retiring from and was elected a member of the public life. Assembly. He was appointed NOTT, ABRAHAM. Attorney-General of the State of He graduated at Yale College New York in 1819, in 1820 again in 1787, was Judge of the Supreme served in the Assembly, and in Court of South Carolina, and was 1827 he was again elected to Cona Representative in Congress, from gress. In 1828, when the Superior that State, from 1799 to 1801. Court of New York City was organized, he was appointed one of NOYES, JOHN. its judges; and on the re-organiHe was a graduate of Dartmouth zation of the Court, under the College in 1795, was subsequently Constitution of 1846, he was electa tutor in that institution, and was ed the Chief Justice, and continued elected a Representative in Con- in that position until his death, gress, from Vermont, from 1815 to which occurred in New York City, 1817. He died in 1841, aged May 11, 1857. The duties of the seventy-eight years. various stations to which he was called he discharged with fidelity, NOYES, JOSEPH C. and marked ability. He was a Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 1837 toRIEN, JEREMIAH. 1839, and a member of the Com- Born at Machias, Maine, in 1768, mittee on Agriculture. and died at'Boston, May 30, 1858. 360 tBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. He was a Representative in Con- OGDEN, DAVID A. gress from Maine, from 1823 to gress, from Maine, from 1823 to He was born in Morristown, New 1829. Early in life, and after the Jersey; studied law, and took up - his residence in St. Lawrence Counchusetts, he was for several years in ty, New York, in 1812; was a the Legislature of the new State. member of the Assembly in 1814 His educational advantages were and 1815; and a Representative in limited, but he was a man of sound Congress, from to 1819. He sense and solid judgment. He was died at Montreal, Canada June 9 died at Montreal,.Canada, June 9, both a farmer and a merchant. 1829. OGDEN, AARON. OGLE, ANDREW J. He was born in Elizabethtown, He was a Representative in ConNew Jersey, December 3, 1i56; gress, from 1817 to 1819, and died graduated at Nassau Hitall in 1773; in Somerset, Pennsylvania, October taught school for a time; served 14, 1852. as an officer in the army, during OGLE ANDREW J. the whole revolutionary war; had a horse shot from under him at He was born in Pennsylvania, the battle of Springfield, New and was a Representative in ConJersey; participated in the Sul- gress, from that State, from 1849 livan campaign against the In- to 1851. dians; and for his services at Yorktown was complimented by OGLE, CHARLES. Washington; after the war, he pur- He was a Representative in Consued the legal profession with dis- gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1837 tinction; was a Presidential Elector to 1841, also a general of militia; in 1800; was a Senator in Con- and died at Somerset, May 10, gress, from 1801 to 1803; was Go- 1841. vernor of New Jersey in 1812; and at the time of his death was Pre- OLCOTT, SIMEON. sident-General of the Society of He was born in 1737; graduated Cincinnati. iHe died at Jersey at Yale College in 1761; studied City, April 19, 1839. During the law, and settled in the practice at war of 1812, President Madison Charlestown, New Hampshire; he offered him a commission as major- was appointed, in 1784, Chief Jusgeneral in the army of the United tice of the Court of Common Pleas; States, which honor he declined, in 1790 a Judge of the Superior preferring to continue, as he had Court; Chief Judge of the same been, commander-in-chief of the Court in 1795; and was a Senator militia of his own State. in Congress, from New Hampshire, B I O GRAP H I CAL SKETCHES. 361 from 1801 to 1805. He died in four years, continued to serve in New Hampshire in 1815. that capacity until 1825; he was also a member of the State ConOLDS, EDSON B. stitutional Convention of 1814, He was born in Vermont, and 1822, and 1828; was an Associate was a Representative in Congress, Judge of Addison County, from from Ohio, from 1849 to 1855. 1801 to 1806; Chief Judge of said court in 1807, and from 1810 to OLIN, ABRAMI B. 1824; and he was chosen a ReHe was born in Shaftsbury, Ben- presentative in Congress, to fill a nington County, Vermont, in 1812; vacancy in 1824, and served through graduated at Williams College, the term, ending in 1825. He died Massachusetts, in 1835; commenced at Salisbury, Vermont, in 1837, aged the practice of law at Troy, New seventy years. York, in 1838; was for three years Recorder of the City of Troy; and OLIVER, ANDRETW. was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, from New County, New York; soon after his York, serving' as a member of the York, serving as a member of the birth, in 1819, his parents removed Committee on Expenditures on the t to Pen Yan, in Yates County. He Public Buildings. He has also received a classical education and been re-elected to the Thirty-sixth in, graduated at Union College in Congress. His father, Gideon Olin, Congress fr en, 1835; he studied law, and was adwas in Congress, from Vermont, a in Cgreso i, tted to the bar in 1838, and enduring the administration of Presi- ed tered upon a successful practice. dent Jefferson. He was appointed to succeed his OLIN, GIDEON. father as First Judge of the Court He was born in Rhode Island, of Common Pleas in 1843, which and removing to Vermont, became position he held till the adoption one of its' founders. He was a of the new State Constitution. In member of the State Legislature, 1846 he was elected Judge of the and Speaker of-the House, a Judge Surrogate and County Courts. In of the County Court, and a Re- 1852 he was elected a Representapresentative in Congress, from 1803 tive in the Thirty third Congress, to 1807. IHe died at Shaftsbury, and was re-elected to the ThirtyVermont, in 1822. fourth; since that time he has been devoted to the practice of his proOLIN, HENRY. fession. His boyhood was spent in Addison County, Vermont; he was OLIVER, MORDECAI. elected to the General Assembly of Born in Anderson County, Kenthat State in 1799, and, excepting tucky, October 22, 1819, and emi 362 BIOG RAPHICAL SKETCHES. grated to Missouri in 1832, he College in 1798, and settled as a received as good an education as lawyer, in Brunswick, Maine, atthat country afforded, and entered taining a high rank in his profesupon the study of law at the age of sion. He was a Representative in nineteen, and was admitted to the Congress, from Massachusetts, fr'om bar in 1842. He was elected Cir- 1817 to 1819, and died at Brunscuit Attorney for the Fifth Judicial wick in 1828, aged fifty years. Circuit of Missouri in 1848, and in 1852 was elected a member of the ORR, JAMES L. Thirty-third Congress, and re-elect-, ed to the Thirty-fourth. Upon He was born at Craytonville, retiring from Congress, he resumed South Carolina, May 12, 1822; the duties of his profession, in Rich- received his education chiefy in mond, Missouri. the University of Virginia; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in OLIVER, WILLIAM IM. 1843; in 1844 he was elected to He was a native of Springfield, the State Legislature; re-elected Otsego County, New York, was a in 1845; and in 1848 he was elected lawyer by profession; and for a a Representative in Congress, from long time the First Judge of the South Carolina, to which position Court of Common Pleas. He was he has been regularly re-elected to State Senator, and Lieutenant-Go- the present time. During the Thirvernor; and a Representative of ty-second Congress, he was freNew Yorlk, in the Twenty-seventh quently Chairman of the CommitCongress. tee of the Whole on the State of the Union, and during the next ORMSBY, STEPHEN. Congress, was Chairman of the He was a Judge of the Circuit Committee on Indian Affairs; and Court of Kentucky, a Representa- on the assembling of the Thirtytive in Congress, from 1811 to fifth Congress, he was elected 1817, lived to an advance age, and Speaker. died in Kentucky. ORR, ROBERT. ORR, ALEXANDER D. OUR, ALEXANDER D. He was a Representative in ConHe was a Representative in Con- gress, from Pennsylvania, from gress, from Kentucky, from 1792 1825 to 1829. to 1797, and died at Paris, in that State, June 21, 1835, aged seventy OSBORNE, THOMAS B. years. He was born in Connecticut, and ORR,, BENJAMIN. was a Representative in Congoress, A native of Bedford, New Hamp- from that State, from 1839 to shire; graduated at Dartmouth 1843. BIOGRAPH UICAL SKETCHES, 363 OSGOOD, GAYTON P. I guished for his scholarly acquirements, and for his eloquence as an He was a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from r. 1833 to 1835. OTIS, JOHN. IHe was born in Maine in 1801; OTERO, MIGUEL A. graduated at Bowdoin College in He was born in New Mexico, and 1823; was a Representative in was elected a Delegate, from that Congress, from Maine, from 1849 Territory, to the Thirty-fifth Con- to 1851, and died in 1856. gress. OUTLAW, DAVID. OTIS, HARRISON GRAY. Born in Bertie County, North He was born in Boston, Massa- Carolina, and graduated at the Unichusetts, October 8, 1765, and died versity of that State in 1824. He at Boston, October 23, 1848. His read law at Newbern, and was adfather, Samuel A. Otis, was the first mitted to the bar in 1827. He Secretary of the Senate of the served three years in the House of United States, which office he held Commons; was elected Solicitor of for twenty-five years. Harrison Edenton District in 1836; and was Gray graduated at Harvard Uni- a Representative in Congress, from versity in 1783, and soon became a 1847 to 1853. successful practitioner at the bar. OUTLAW, GEORGE B. He was for many years an active and leading member of the State He was born in Bertie County, Legislature, serving as Speaker and North Carolina, where he lived, and President of the Senate. He was died many years ago. IHe was a chosen a Representative in Con- member of the House of Commons gress, for the Suffolk District, in in 1796, and in the State Senate a 1797, and served through President number of years thereafter, and a Adams's administration; and in Representative in Congress, during 1817 he was chosen a Senator in the years 1824 and 1825. Congress, where he remained for five years. He was also Judge of the OVERSTREET, JAMES. Court of Common Pleas, and Mayor He was a native of Barnwell of Boston, for whose prosperity he County, South Carolina, and a Reaccomplished much good; display- presentative in Congress, from that ing, in all his public stations, great State, from 1819 to 1822. ability, and the utmost fidelity to the public interests. He was also OVERTON, WALTER H. appointed, by President Adams, He was a Representative in ConUnited States District Attorney for gress, from Louisiana, from 1829 to Massachusetts. He was distin- 1831. 364 BIO GRAP I ICAL SKETCH E S. OWEN, ALLEN F. 1835 to 1839. Died at Savannah, He was born in North Carolina, in 1856. and having removed to Georgia, OWSLEY, BRYAN Y. was elected a Representative in He was born in Kentucky, and Congress, from 1849 to 1851. was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843 OWEN, GEORGE W. Born in 1798; was Speaker of PACKER, ASA. the House of Representatives in He was born in Connecticut, and Alabama, and Mayor of Mobile, Aabdame, asndtaye o Mobes, was a Representative in Congress, and a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1853 to from that State, from 1823 to 1829, 1857 when he was appointed Collector of the port of Mobile. He died August PAGE, JOHN. 18, 1839, at Mobile, Alabama. 18, 1839, at Mobile, Alabama. He was one of the first Representatives in Congress, from Virginia, under the present ConstituBorn in Bladen County, North tion, serving from 1789 to 1797. Carolina, in December, 1784. He In 1800 he was chosen one of the was well educated, but adopted Electors for President, and from the occupation of a planter. He 1802 to 1805 was Governor of Virwas a general of militia, four years ginia. He published addresses to a member of the Legislature, and a the people in 1796 and 1799. He Representative in Congress, from died at Richmond, Virgina, Octo1817 to 1819. ber 11, 1804, aged sixty-four years. OWEN, ROBERT DALE. PAGE, JOHN. He was born in Scotland; was a He was a Senator in Congress, Representative in Congress, from from New Hampshire, during the Indiana, from 1843 to 1847. He years 1836 and 1837. was one of the first Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, and took PAGE, ROBERT. a prominent part in its organiza- He was a Representative in Contion; and he was appointed Minis-gress, from Virginia, from 1799 to ter-Resident at Naples, which posi- 1801. tion he still holds. PAGE, S[ ER MAN. OWENS, GEORGE W. OWENS, GEORGE V. IHe was born in Connecticut, A prominent member of the served in the Assembly of New Georgia bar, and a Representative York, from Otsego County, in in Congress, from that State, from 1827, and was a Representative in B I OORAPHICAL S E T CH E S. 365 Congress, firom that State, from office he held till within a month of 1833 to 1837. his death, when he resigned. He died at Williamstown, Vermont, PAINE, ELIJAH. April 21, 1842. Born in Brooklyn, Connecticut, PAINE, ROBERT T. January 21, 1757, and graduated at Harvard College in 1781 Hewas He was horn in North Carolina, and was a Representative in Conthe first President of the Phi Beta JKappa Society of Harvard, and gress, from that State, from 1855 pronounced the first oration before to 1857. the same. He was a lawyer by PALEN, RUFUS. profession; and having settled in Vermont, was one of the most use- He was horn in New York, and ful pioneers of the new State, fol- was a Representative in Congress, lowing the practice of his profession, and the employments of farmer,,PALFREY, JOHN G. road maker, and cloth manufacturer. In 1786 he was a member Born in Boston, May 2, 1795. of the Convention called to revise He was prepared for college at the State Constitution, and of which Exeter Academy, and graduated he was Secretary. In 1787 he was at Harvard in 1815; he studied elected to the State Legislature, theology, and was ordained a Uniand so continued until 1791, when tarian preacher in 1818; he was he was appointed Judge of the Su- subsequently, for a number of years, preme Court. He was one of the editor of the North American ReCommissioners to settle the contro- view; delivered a course of Lecversy between Vermont and New tures before the Lowell Institute; York, in 1789; was a Trustee of during the years 1842 and 1843 Dartmouth College; President of he was a member of the General the Vermont Colonization Society; Court; was elected Secretary of the a pecuniary benefactor to the Uni- Commonwealth of Mlassachusetts; versity of Vermont; received from and he was a member of Congress, Harvard College the degree of from 1847 to 1849. His published LL.D., and was elected a Fellow writings are numerous, chiefly of a of the American Academy of Arts theological and political character. and Sciences, and an honorary member of several other literary institu- PALMER, BERIAH. tions. He was a Senator in Con- Born in New York, served four gress, from Vermont, from 1795 to years in the Assembly of New York, 1801. In 1801 he was appointed, from Saratoga County, and was a by President Adams, Judge of the Representative in Congress, from District Court of Vermont, which 1803 to 1805. 366 BIOGRAPH ICAL SKETCHES. PALMER, GEORGE W. that State, from 1839 to 1841, and Born in IIoosick,Rensselaer Coun- again from 1845 to 1847. ty, New York, January 13, 1818;,PARIE, BENJAMIN. received a common school education; adopted the profession of law; -He was a native of New Jersey, was Surrogate of Clinton County and was born in 177;7 he was one from 1843 to 1847; and a Repre- of the early pioneers to the Western sentative in the Thirty-fifth Con- territory, and settled in that porgress, from New York, serving as tion which now forms the State of a member of the Committee on Ex- Indiana, in 1800. From 1805 to penditures in the Post-office De- 1808 he was a Delegate in Congress, partment. He has been re-elected from that Territory, and was soon to the Thirty-sixth Congress. after appointed, by President Jefferson, Judge of the District Court, PALMER, JOHN. which office he held until his death, He was born in Hoosick, Rens- which occurred in Salem, Indiana, selaer County, New York, in 1785; July 12, 1835. He was at one time received a good education, and stu- President of the State Historical died law, and having settled in Society. Platsburg, Clinton County, in 1810, formed a law partnership with PARKER, AMASA J. Chancellor Walworth, which con- Born in 1807, at Sharon, Continued until 1820. He was elected necticut, and graduated at Union a Representative to Congress, in College, New York. Ile was ad1817, but before the expiration of mitted to the bar in Delhi, New his term he was chosen District At- York, in October, 1828. In 1833 torney for Clinton County, in which he was elected a Representative in capacity he served until 1831, and the State Legislature, and in 1835 during that year he was made the was chosen a Regent of the Univerfirst judge of said county, and held sity. From 1837 to 1839 he was a the office until 1836. He was Representative in Congress, and in again elected to Congress, in 1837, 1844 he was appointed a Circuit and served one term. He died of Judge and Vice-Chancellor of the consumption, at St. Bartholomew, Court of Equity. Soon after the West Indies, December 8, 1840. adoption of a new State Constitution, he became a Judge of the SuPALMIER, WILLIAM A. preme Court of New York. He was a Senator in Congress, from Vermont, from 1818 to 1825. PARKER, ANDREW. He was born in Pennsylvania, PARISH, ISAAC. and was a Representative, in ConHe was born in Ohio, and was a gress, from that State, from 1851 to Representative in Congress, from 1853. BIOGRAPHI CAL SIK ETCHES. 367 PARKER, ISAAC. 1812, 1813, 1815, 1816, 1818, and 1827-in all eleven years; was a Born in Boston, Massachusetts, Jackson Elector in 1824; Collector June 17, 1768, and graduated at Harvard College in 1786. He of the Customs t erth mboy, from 1829 to 1833; and was a Recommenced the practice of law at fom 1829 to 1833; and was a eCastine, in the Dpistrict of Mlaine, a presentative in Congress, from 1 833 Castine, in the District of MIainet and was elected to Congress, serv-to 1837. H e also served as one of ing as Representative, from 1797 tomissioners, on the part of 99. e was appointed, y Pre- New Jersey, to settle the boundary s99ident Aldams, Mpearshald, for e- and jurisdiction between New York sident Adams, Marshal for the District of Maine, which office he and New Jersey, at the different peheld till 1801. He afterwards re- riods of 180, 1827, and 1833, obmoved to Portland, and in 1806 taiing an agreement during the was chosen a Judge of the Supreme year last named; and he was a member of the Constitutional ConCourt, and in 1814 Chief Justice, Court, and i 1, vention of the State in 1844. Mir. which position he occupied for sixteen years. In 1820 he was Presi- Parker is still living, in the enjoydent of the Massachusetts Conven- ment of a pleasant home and troops tion for the revision of the Consti- of friends. tution, and for several years he was Professor of Law in Harvard TJni- PARKER, JAMES. versity. He was a distinguished A native of Boston, Massachuscholar and friend of literature, and setts; was a physician by profesfor eleven years was a Trustee of sion; and was a Representative in Bowdoin College, and for twenty Congress, fromMassachusetts, from years an Overseer of Harvard. He 1813 to 1815, and from 1819 to died in Boston, NMay 26, 1830. 1821. He was for fifty years a resident of Gardiner, Maine, where he PARKER, JAMES. PARKER, JAMES. died, November 9, 1837, aged sixtyHIe was born in the Township of nine years. Bethlehem, Hunterdon County,New Jersey, March 1, 1776. He was a,PAiRKER, JOHT WI. student in Columbia College, New PARKER, O York, and graduated in 1793; he Born in Granville, Washington entered the counting-house of a County, New York, June 14, 1805; merchant in New York, and re- graduated at Middlebury College, mained there until 1797, when he Vermont, in 1828; is a lawyer by settled in Perth Amboy, where he profession; and a Representative has since resided; he was for a in the Thirty-fifth Congress, from few years engaged in trade; was a New York, serving on the Commitmember of the New Jersey Legisla- tees of Public Expenditures and ture in 1806, 1807, 1808, 1809,1810, Revolutionary Pensions. 368 BIOGRAP H ICAL SrKE TCHES. PAPtKER, JOSIAH. he had passed by the Legislature; iHe was a Representative in Con- in 1844 he was a Clay Elector, and gress, from Virginia, from 1789 to in 1856 an Elector for Fremont; 1801. and, at the present time, is President of the Junction Railway CornPARKER,, NAHUM. pany of Indiana, where he resides, He was a Senator in Congress, chiefly engaged in agriculturalpurfrom New Hampshire, from 1807 to Suits. 1810. PARKER, SEVERN E. PARKERR, RICHARD. He was born in Northampton He was born in Virginia, and was County, Virginia, and was a promia Representative in Congress, from nent member of the Virginia Legisthat State, from 1849 to 1851. lature, an eminent lawyer, and a Representative in Congress, from PARKER, RICHARD E. 1819 to 1821. He died October Born in 1777; in early life was a 21,1836, in Northampton County, member of the Virginia House of Virginia. Delegates; for many years a Judge PARKS, GORHAM. of the General and Circuit courtsS, GOR of Virginia; also, a Judge of the He was born in Massachusetts, Supreme Court of Appeals; and, and was a Representative in Confor a brief period, a Senator in Con- gress, from Maine, from 1833 to gress. Ie died in Virginia, in No- 1837. vember, 1840. PARMENTER, WILLIAM. PARKER, SAMUEL W. He was born in Massachusetts, He was born in Jefferson County, and was a Representative in ConNew York, September 9, 1805; gress, from that State, from 1837 to graduated at the Miami University, 1845. in Ohio, in 1828; settled in Indiana, and, while studying law, taught PARRIS, ALBION K. school and edited a newspaper; he He was born in.Hebron, Oxford was admitted to the bar in 1831; County, Maine, January 19, 1788; was elected to the Legislature in graduated at Dartmouth College in 1836, where he served five years; 1806; studied law, and was admitand was two years Attorney for the ted to the bar in 1809; in 1811 he State. He was a Representative was appointed Attorney for Oxford in Congress, from Indiana, from County; in 1813 was elected to the 1851 to 1855; he was, in 1846, General Court; in 1814 was choPresident of the White Water Ca- sen a State Senator; was elected nal Company, the charter for which a Representative in Congress in BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 369 1815; again in 1817; in 1816 he at Dickinson College, Pennsylvawas a member of the State Consti- nia, in 1849; is a lawyer by protutional Convention; was appoint- fession, having studied at Camed Judge of the Federal District bridge; was a member of the Ohio Court in 1818. In 1819 he was a Legislature in 1853 and 1854; and member of the State Convention was elected a Delegate to the Thirtyfor framing a Constitution; and in fifth Congress, from Kansas Terri1820 was appointed Judge of Pro- tory. bate for Cumberland County. He was five times elected Governor of PARTRIDGE, GEORGE. iMaine, from 1821 to 1826; was a He graduated at Harvard ColSenator in Congress in 1827 and lege in 1762; was a Delegate to 1828; was appointed Judge of the the Continental Congress, from Supreme Court of the State, in 1828, lMRassachusetts; and a Representaholding the office until 1836, when he tive in Congress, after the adoption became Second Comptroller in the of the Constitution, from 1789 to Federal Treasury Department. He 1791. He died at Duxbury, Masleft this office in 1850, and returned sachusetts, July 7, 1828, aged to Portland, of which city, in 1852, eighty-eight years. he was elected Mayor. He died in Portland, February 11, 1857. PARTRIDGE, SAMUEL. - e was born in New York; and PARRIS, VIRGIL D. was a Representative in Congress, He was born in Maine, and was from that State, from 1841 to 1843. a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 1841, and a member of the Committee on Indian Affairs. Born at sea, of Irish parents, in 1745. He graduated at Princeton PARROTT, JOHN F. in 1763; studied law and admitted to the bar in 1769; was a member He was a Representative in Con- to the br in 1769; wns a member gress, from New -Hampshire, from of the Convention which formed 1817 to 1819; nd a Senator of the first Constitution of [New Jerthe 1 United States, from 1819 to sey in 1776; from that time until 1825; and in 1826 was appointed the year 1786 he was AttorneyPostmaster at Portsmouth, New General of the State; and was one H[ampshire. He died in Gsreenlahnd,, of the first Senators in Congress, New Hampshire, July 9, 1836inr, from 1789 to 1790, having preaged m sixty-eight years. viously been a member of the Convention which formed the Federal PARROTT, MARCUS J. Constitution. He was Governor Born at Hamburg, South Caro- of New Jersey, from 1791 to 1794, lina, October 27, 1828; graduated when he was appointed, by the Pre24 370 B I O GRAP I CAL SK E T C E S. sident, a Judge of the Supreme Columbia County; and a iRepreCourt of the United States, which sentative in Congress, from 1821 he held until his death in 1806. In to 1823. 1798 and 1799 he revised, by authority of the Legislature, the PATTERSON, WILLIAM. laws of New Jersey, a work highly He was born in Maryland, and esteemed and the foundation of the having settled in Ohio, was elected jurisprudence of the State. He re- a Representative in Congress, from ceived the degree of LL.D. from that State, from 1833 to 1838. Harvard and Dartmouth. PATTERSON, WILLIAM, PATON, JOHN. He was elected a Representative He was a Representative in Con- in Congress, from New York, from gress, from Delaware, from 1792 to 1837 to 1839, but died before the 1793, and for a second term from expiration of his term, at Warsaw, 1795 to 1797. New York, August 14, 1838. PATTERSON, JOHN. PATTON, JOHN M, He was a member, for four years, He was born in Virginia; reof the Assembly of New York; ceived a liberal education, and and a Representative in Congress, adopted the profession of law, in from that State, from 1803 to 1805. which he was successful; and was a Representative in Congress, from PATTERSON, JOHN. that State, from 1830 to 1838. He was a Representative in Con- He died in October, 1858, in the gress, from Ohio, from 1323 to sixty-second year of his age. 1825. PAULDING, LEVI, PATTERSON, TKHOMIAS. I He was a Representative in ConIHe was born in Lancaster Coun- gress, from Pennsylvania, from ty, Pennsylvania; and was a Re- 1817 to 1819. presentative in Congress, from that'State, from 1817 to 1825. PAULDING, WILLIAM, Born in Tarrytown, Westchester PATTERSON, THOMAS J. County, New York, in 1769; was He was born in New York; and educated for the law and engaged was a Representative in Congress, in a lucrative practice in New York from that State, from 1843 to 1845. City. He was a delegate to the New York Convention for revising PATTERSON, WALTER. the State Constitution in 1821; and He was a member of the Assem- elected a Representative in Conbly of New York in 1818, from gress, from that State, from 1811 B I OGRAPHICAL SKETC H E S. 371 to 1813, but he was absent fiom his from 1841 to 1843; and a Senator seat during the session in which in Congress from 1843 to the prewar was declared, and served as sent time, having served for a numgeneral of militia during its prose- ber of years as Chairman of the cution. In 1823 he was chosen Joint Committee on the Library. Mayor of New York, after which He has also held the post of Prohe held no public office. He died fessor of Law in Washington Colat Tarrytown, February 11, 1854. lege, Chestertown, and is a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution, PAYNE, WINTER W. He was born in Virginia, and was PEARCE, JOHN J. a Representative in Congress, from He was born in Pennsylvania, and Alabama, from 1841 to 1847. was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1855 to 1857. PAYNTER, LEMUEL. He was born in Delaware, and on PEARSON, JOSEPH. removing to Pennsylvania was elect- Born in Rowan County, North ed a Representative in Congress, Carolina, and died at Salisbury, Ocfrom that State, from 1837 to 1841. tober 27, 1834. He was a lawyer by profession, served two years in PEARCE, DUTEE J. the State Legislature, and was a Born in 1789, and died at New- Representative in Congress from port, Rhode Island, May 9, 1849. 1809 to 1815. While in Congress He was a prominent lawyer, at one he fought a duel with the Hon. time Attorney-General of the State, John J. Jackson, the result of a poand United States District Attorney litical quarrel. for that district, and a Represenative in Congress, from Rhode Island, PEASLEE, CHARLES H. from 1825 to 1833; and again from He was born in New Hamp1835 to 1837. shire; graduated at Dartmouth PE, ARCE, JAMES A. College in 1824, and was a Representative in Congress, from that He was born in Alexandria, Vir- State from 1847 to 1853. State, from 1847 to 1853. ginia, December 14, 1805, although of a Maryland family by his father's PECK, GEORGE W. side. lHe graduated at Princeton He was born in New York, and College, with the first honors, in was a Representative in Congress, 1822; was bred to the law, but has from Michigan, from 1855 to 1857. been much engaged in the pursuits of agriculture; he was a member of PECK, JARED V. the Maryland Legislature in 1831; He was born in New York, and a Representative in Congress, from was a Representative in Congress, that State, from 1835 to 1839, and from that State, from 1853 to 1855. 372 B I O GRAPHICAL S K E T CH E S. PECK, LUCIUS B. three years in the Connecticut LiteHie was born in Vermont, and was rary Institute, after which he dea Representative in Congress, from voted one year to teaching at Lee, that State, from 1847 to 1851. Massachusetts, and at Dover Plains, New York, employing his leisure in PECK, LUTHER C. reading elementary works on law; he then entered a law-office at KinY:e was born in Connecticut, and derhook, and completed his studies, was a Representative in Congress, being admitted to the bar in 1850. In 1851 he opened a law-office in PECKHAM, RUFUS W. New York City, and in 1854 was elected a Representative to the He was born in New York, and H b i Y an Thirty-fourth Congress, after which was a Representative in Congress, was a Representative in Congress e returned to New York, and refrom that State, from 1853 to 1855. s sumed his professional labors. PEEKb, HERMANUS. PENDLETON, EDMUND H. He was born in Albany, New He was a Representative in ConYork, and was for two years a mem-gress, from New York, from 1831 gress, from 2\Tew York, from 1831 ber of the New York Assembly, to 1833 from Schenectady County, and a Representative in Congress, from PENDLETON, GEORGE H. iNew York, from 1819 to 1821. New York, from 1819 to 1821. Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, July, PEGRAMI, JOHN. 1825; he is a lawyer by profession; was a member of the State He was a native of Virginia, and Senate of Ohio in 1854 and 1855; a Representative in Congress, from and was elected to the House of that State, from 1818 to 1819. Representatives in the Thirty-fifth Congress, from Ohio, serving as a member of the Committee on MiliBorn at Great Barrington, Berk- tary Affairs. He has also been reshire County, Massachusetts, Au- elected to the Thirty-sixth Congust 3, 1825; his tastes, from early gress. boyhood, had inclined him to the study of law, but it was not until he PENDLETON, JOHN S. had attained his twentieth year that He was born in Virginia; in he was enabled to prosecute his 1841 was appointed Charg6 d'Afplans for a professional life, having faires to the Republic of Chile; and previously to that time remained was a Representative in Congress, upon the homestead farm with his from that State, from 1845 to 1847, father. He spent two years in the and for a second term, ending in academy of his native town, and 1849. B IO G A P I C A L S It E T C HI E S. 373 PENDLETON, N. G. to 1803, having graduated at Yale He was a Representative iln Con- (College in 1786; he died in 1845. gress, from Ohio, from 1841 to ~~~~~1843. ~PERKINS, JARED. 1843. He was born in New Hampshire, PENN, ALEXANDER G. and was a Representative in ConHe was born in'Virginia, and gress, from that State, from 1851 having settled in Louisiana, was to 1853. elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 PERKINS, JOHN, JR. to 1853. He was born in Louisiana, July PENNIMAN, EBENEZER J. 1, 1819. He graduated at Yale College in 1840, and subsequently ~H~-e was born in New York, and at the Law School of Harvard Colwas a Representative, in Congress, lege; he settled for the practice of from Michigan, from 1851 to 1853. his profession in New Orleans, but PENNINGTON, ALEXANDER C. M. his health compelled him to travel in Europe; on his return, in 1851, He was horn in New Jersey, and he was chosen a Judge of the Cirwas a Representative in Congress, cult Court of Louisiana, which pofrom that State, from 1853 to 1855. sition he held until elected to Congress, in 1853, where he advocated Democratic measures, and remained Born in 1806, in Shenandoah until 1855, serving on the CommitCounty, Virginia; was a lawyer by tee on Foreign Affairs. He is now profession; and a Representative in devoted to planting in Louisiana. Congress, from 1837 to 1839; and then Judge of the District Court of PERRILL, AUGUSTUS L. Western Virginia; and a Senator in Congress, from 1845 to 1851. He was born in Vigini, and ine died in Washington, District of was a Representative in Congress, He died in Washington, District of ColumIbia, Januarly 12, 1847. from that State, from 1845 to 1847. PERKINS, BISHOP. PERRY, JOHN J. He was born in New Hampshire, tHe was born in Maine, and was and having settled in New York, elected a Representative to the was elected a Representative in Thirty-fourth Congress, from that Congress, from that State, from State. 1853 to 1855. PERRY, THOMAS. PERKINS, ELIAS. He was born in Maryland, and He was a Representative in Con- was a Representative in Congress, gress, from Connecticut, from 1801 from that State, from 1845 to 1847. 374 BIOGRAPHICAL SK ETCH E S. PETER, GEORGE. PETTIT, JOHN. Born in Georgetown, Montgo- Born at Sackett's Iarbor, Jeffermery County, Maryland, (now Dis- son County, New York, July 24, trict of Columbia,) September 28, 1807, he received a good education, 1779. He was educated at private and studied law, and removed to institutions and Georgetown Col- Lafayette, Indiana, in 1831, where lege; entered the United States he has since resided. I-e was a army in 1799, and resigned in 1809; member of the State Legislature, served as a major of volunteers dur- United States District Attorney, ing the war of 1812; was a Re- and served in the House of Reprepresentative in Congress, from 1816 sentatives in Congress, from 1843 to 1819, and again from 1825 to to 1847, and in the United States 1827; was elected twice to the Senate, from 1853 to 1855. In State Legislature; and is now serv- 1850 he was a member of the State ing the public as Commissioner of Constitutional Convention, and has Public Works for the State of Mary- twice held the office of Circuit land. Judge, and is now engaged in the PETRIE, GEORGE. practice of his profession. He was born in New York, and PETTIT, JOHN U. was a Representative in Congress,, from that State, from 1847 to 1849. He was born in New York; graduated at Union College in 1839; PETRIKEN, DAVID. studied law, and commenced the He was born in Pennsylvania, practice of his profession in Waand was a Representative in Con- bash, Indiana, in 1841. He went gress, from that State, from 1837 as United States Consul to Maranto 1841. ham, Brazil, in 1850; and on his return, in 1853, was appointed PETTIGREW EBENEZER. Judge of the Upper Wabash CirIHe was a Representative in Con- cuit Court of Indiana; and was gress, from North Carolina, from elected to Congress, as a Repre1835 to 1837, and was a member of sentative of that State in 1854, and the Committee on Expenses in the was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Navy Department. Congress. He is a member of the Joint Committee on the Library. PETTIS, SPENCER. IHe has been re-elected to the He was born in Virginia, and Thirty-sixth Congress. educated a lawyer, and on taking up his residence in Missouri, was PEYTON, BAILIE. elected a Representative in Con- He was born in Tennessee, regress, where he served from 1829 ceived a liberal education, and to 1831. adopted the profession of law; he B I o G RAP H ICAL SK E T C E S. 375 was a Representative in Congress, one of the Commissioners to revise from that State, from 1833 to 1837; the statutes of Connecticut. He he was appointed, by President died at Simsbury, in April, 1847. Fillmore, Minister to Brazil; was subsequently elected United States PHELPS, JOHN SMITH. District Attorney for Louisiana; He was born in Simsbury, Hartand is now settled at San Fran- ford County, Connecticut, Decemcisco, California, in the practice of ber 22, 1814; was educated at his profession. Washington (now Trinity) College, Hartford, Connecticut, and studied PEYTON, JOSEPH H. law in the office of his father, Elisha Ile was frequently elected to the Phelps. He practiced law a short Senate of Tennessee, held many time in his native State, and in other local positions of high cha- 1837 emigrated to Missouri, and setracter, and was a Representative tled at Springfield, Greene County, in Congress, from 1843 to 1845. near which town he now resides. In 1840 he was chosen by the peoPEYTON, SAMUEL 0. ple of Greene County to represent them in the Legislature. In 1844 He was born in Kentucky, and he was elected a Representative to was elected a Representative in Conthe Twenty-ninth Congress, serving gress, from that State, in 1847, and the Twenty-ninth Congress, serving in that position until the present after serving one term, was re-elected. time. He is now Chairman of the to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and is a member of the Committee on P ub- Committee of Ways and Means, lie Grounds. and has been elected a Representative to the Thirty-sixth Congress. PHELPS, ELISHA. PHELPS, LAUNCELOT. Hie was a native of Simsbury, e was a native of Simsbury, He was born in Connecticut, and Connecticut; born in November, 1 7 9;* graduated at Yale College was a Representative in Congress, in 1800, and studied law at Litch- from that State, from 1835 to 1839. in 1800, and studied law at Litchfield. He was several times a member of the House of Representa- PHELPS, OLIVER. tives and of the Senate of his native He was a Representative in ConState. He was Speaker of the House gress, from New York, from 1803 of Representatives in the Legisla- to 1805, and a member of the Asture in 1821 and 1829; was a Re- sembly of that State, from Ontario presentative in Congress, from Con- County, in 1834. necticut, from 1819 to 1821, and also from 1825 to 1829; was Comp- PIELPS, SAMUEL S. troller of the State from 1830 to He was born in Litchfield, Con1834, and in 1835 was appointed necticut, May 13, 1793, and died 376 BBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. March 25, 1855, in Middlebury, PHILLIPS, HENRY M. Vermont. He graduated at Yale eront. e graduated at Yle He was born in Pennsylvania; College in 1811, and while studying elected a Representative, from that law, in 1812, he entered the Ame- State, to the Thirty-fifth Congress, rican army, and before the close of and is a member of the Committee his military career, was appointed on Finance. paymaster. He settled in Middlebury, and practiced law. In 1827 PHILLIPS, JOHN. he was a member of the Council of Censors, and wrote the address issued by that body. In 1831 he gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1821 issued by that body. In 1831 he to 1823. was chosen a member of the Legislative Council of Vermont, and was soon afterwards appointed Judge of, the Supreme Court of the State, in Born in Clarleston, South Carowhich position he remained until lina, December 13, 1807, and was 1838. HIe was a Senator in Con- educated at the Norwich Military gress, from 1839 to 1854, in which Academy, in Vermont, and at Midbody he displayed abilities of a high dletown, Connecticut. In 1825 he order. commenced the study of law in Charleston, and on the day after attaining his majority, was admitted PH:ELPS, WTILLIASI W., to the bar. He entered public life He was born in Oakland County, by becoming a member of the NullilMichigan, June 1, 1826; he gra- fication Convention in 1832, and duated at the University of Michi- voted with the minority; in 1834 gan in 1846; studied law, and was he was elected, for two years, to the admitted to the bar in 1848; and State Legislature; in 1835 he reedited a Democratic newspaper, in signed; removed to Mobile, AlaOakland County, from 1851 to 1855. bama, and practiced his profession In 1852 and 1853 he held the of- with success; in 1837 was elected fice of Commissioner for his native President of the Alabama Democracounty, performing the duties of tic State Convention; in 1844 was Judge at Chambers; in 1854 was elected to the Legislature, and was appointed, by President Pierce, Re- Chairman of the Committee on Fegister of the United States Land- deral Relations; in 1849 was presioffice at Red Wing, in Minnesota; dent of an internal improvement conand in 1857 he was elected a Re- vention; in 1851 wasagain electedto presentative to the Thirty-fifth Con- the Legislature; in 1852 went to the gress, from that State. He is at Baltimore Convention; and was a the present time a member of the Representative in Congress, from Committee on Mileage. Alabama, from 1853 to 1855, and BIoGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 377 declined a re-election. Since that bee, whither he had been on busitime he has practiced his profession ness to Three Rivers, the headin Washington City. quarters of his operations in Canada. PHILLIPS, STEPHEN CLARENDON. PHILSON, ROBERT. He was born in Salem, Massa- He was born in Donegal, Ireland, chusetts, November 1, 1801; gra- and was a Representative in Conduated at Harvard College in 1819, gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1819 with high honors; began to study to 1821. law, but soon became a merchant. From 1824 to 1829, by annual re- PHCENIX, J. PHILIP. elections, he was chosen a Representative to the State Legislature He was born in New Jersey; was from Salem; firom 1830 to 1831 he a Representative in Congress, from was State Senator, and in 1832 and New York, from 1843 to 1845; a 1833 was again a member of the member of the State Assembly in House. From 1834 to 1838 he 1848, from New York City; and worthily represented Massachusetts again in Congress from 1849 to in Congress. From December, 1838, 1851. to March, 1842, he was Mayor of PICKENS, ANDREW. Salem, and upon his voluntary retirement devoted the whole of his He was born at Paxton, Pennsalary as Mfayor to the public sylvania, September 19, 1739, and schools of the city. In 1840 he removed with his father, in 1752, was one of the Presidential Electors to the Waxhaw Settlement, in South for Massachusetts, and in 1848 and Carolina; he served as a volunteer 1849 was the Free-Soil Candidate in Grant's expedition against the for Governor. He held various Cherokees, and was an active miliState and private trusts, in the dis- tary partisan during the Revolucharge of which, by his ability, sa- tion. He was a member of the gacity, experience, and integrity, State Legislature from the close of he rendered signal service. He was the war until 1793, when he was for many years a member of the elected a Representative in ConState Board of Education, and a gress, from 1793 to 1795. In 1795 Trustee of the State Lunatic Hos- he was commissioned major-general pital at Worcester. He retired of the South Carolina militia, and from public life in 1849, and was was frequently a Commissioner to extensively engaged in the lumber- treat with the Indians. He was ing business. He was lost by the Governor of the State, from 1816 burning of the steamer Montreal, to 1817. He died at Pendleton on the St. Lawrence River, June District, South Carolina, August 26, 1857, while returning from Que- 17, 1817. 3o78 BI O G RAPH I CAL SKETC E S. PICKENS, FRANCIS W. say, in his History of the American e was born in South Carolina Revolution. In April, 1775, on reHe was born in South Carolina, epresentative in Con- ceiving intelligence of the battle of gress, from that State, from 1835 Lexington, he marched with the reto 1845. giment of which he was at the time commander, to Charlestown, but PICKENS, ISRAEL. had not an opportunity of coming to action. Before the close of the Born in Cabarrus County, North same year, when the provisional Carolina; served one year in the Carolina seve ngovernment was organizing, he was State Legislature; was a Represenappointed one of the judges of the tative from that State in Congress, Court of Common Pleas for Essex,, Court of Common Pleas for Essex, from 1811 to iSi, in which year his native county; and sole Judge he was appointed Register of the of the Maritime Court (which had Zn of the Maritime Court (which had Land office of Mississippi Terricognizance of all prize causes) for tory; on removing to Alabama, he the Middle District, comprehending was elected Governor of that State, with Salem and the other Boston, with Salem and the other in 1821. ports in Essex. These offices he held until he accepted an appointPIC(KERING, TIiM~OTHY ment in the army. In 1777 he was Was born in Salem, Massachu- named adjutant-general, by Washsetts, July 17, 1745; graduated at ington, and joined the army then at Harvard College in 1763, and after Middlebrook, New Jersey. He conthe usual course of professional stu- tinued with the Conmmander-indies, was admitted to the practice of chief until the American forces went law. When the dissensions between into winter quarters at Valley Forge, the mother country and our own having been present at the battles commenced, he soon became the of Brandywine and Germantown. champion and leader of the Whigs He then proceeded to discharge the of the quarter where he lived. He duties of a member of the Contiwas a member of the Committees of nental Board of War, to which he Inspection and Correspondence, and had been elected by Congress, then bore the entire burden of writing. sitting at Yorktown, Pennsylvania. The addresses which, in 1774, the In this station he remained until he inhabitants of Salem, in full town- was appointed to succeed General meeting, voted to Governor Gage, Greene in the office of quartermason the occasion of the Boston Port- ter-general, which he retained durBill, proceeded from his pen. A ing the residue of the war, and in part of it, disclaiming any wish on which he contributed much to the the part of the inhabitants of Salem, surrender of Corwallis at Yorktown. to profit by the closing of the port From 1790 to 1794 he was charged, of Boston, is quoted by Dr. Ram- by President Washington, with se BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 379 veral negotiations with the Indian rope, and on his return studied law, nations on our frontiers. In 1791 and, though admitted to the bar, he was also made Postmaster-Gene- abandoned that profession, devoting ral; and in 1794 removed from that himself to mercantile pursuits. In station to the Secretaryship of War, 1800 he was elected to the State on the resignation of General Knox. Legislature, and re-elected a numIn 1795 he was appointed Secre- ber of years to the State Senate; tary of State in the place of Mr. in 1807 he became a member of the Randolph. From that office he was Executive Council; was a Repreremoved, by President Adams, in sentative in Congress, from 1809 to 1800. At the end of the year 1801 1811; and in 1820 was a member he returned to Massachusetts. In of the Convention for revising the 1803 the Legislature of that State State Constitution. He also held chose him a Senator to Congress, many other offices of trust and hofor the residue of the term of nor, and died at Salem, MassachuDwight Foster, who had resigned; setts, in August, 1843. and in 1805 re-elected him to the same station for the term of six PIERCE, FRANKLIN. years. After its expiration, in 1811, he was chosen, by the Legislature, W as born in the town of Hillsa member of the Executive Council, borongh, New Hampshire, in 1804, and after completing his academical and during the war of 1812 he was studies, entered Bowdoin College, appointed a member of the Board Maine. On leaving college he comof War for the defence of the State. In 1814 he vwas returned to Con- menced his legal studies at Northampton, Massachusetts, but subsegress, and held his seat until March, ampton, 181. Hehefnalyetr quently returned to his native State, 1~817. Hie then fnally retired to privatHe life. HisT. deathir took and finished his studies at Amherst. private life. His death took plate January 29, 1829. In his He was admitted to the bar, and place January 29, 1829. In his manners, Colonel Pickering Tw~as commenced the practice of his profession in his native town; but beplain and unassuming. In public plain ad u. puc fore the end of two years he was life he was distinguished for energy, elected a Representative in the ability, and disinterestedness; as a elected a Representative in the State Legislature and during his soldier he was brave and patriotic; and his writings bear ample testimony to his talents and information. Speaker of the House. In 1833 He was one of the leaders of the b'he was elected to Congress, and remained a member of the House of Federal party in the United States. Representatives four years. In 1837 he was elected a member of the United States Senate, but, after five He was born in 1763; graduated years' service in that body, resigned at Cambridge in 1784; visited Eu- his seat. He settled in Concord, 380 BIoGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. and resumed his practice at the bar. PIERSON, ISAAC. He adhered to his resolution of ac- I-Ie was born August 15, 170, cepting no political office, declined and died September 22, 1833, in to be a candidate for Governor of New Jersey. He was educated at the State, or United States Senator; Princeton College, graduating in and refused the offices of Attorney- 1789, and was subsequently a FelGeneral and Secretary of War, which low of the College of Surgeons and were tendered him by President Physicians of New York. He Polk. On the breaking out of the practiced medicine for forty years; Mexican war, however, he enrolled and was a Representative in Conhimself as a private soldier in the gress, from New Jersey, from 1827 New England Regiment, but Presi- to 1831. dent Polk sent him a colonel's commission, and subsequently raised PIERSON, JEREMIAH HI. him to the rank of brigadier-general He was a Representative in Conin March, 1844. He was in most gress, from New York, from 1821 of the battles which were fought be- to 1823. tween Vera Cruz and the City of Mexico. On the restoration of PIERSON, JOB. peace between the two countries, he Ile was a Representative in Conresigned his commission, and re- gress, from New York, from 1831 turned home, where he remained, to 1835. comparatively unobserved, until the action of the Baltimore Democratic PIKE, JAMES. Convention gave him a new import- He was born in Salisbury, Masance throughout the Union. He sachusetts, in November, 1818; was nominated by that body as the was educated at the Wesleyan UniDemocratic candidate for the Pre- versity, in Connecticut; was a sidency. He was elected Presildent ~minister in the Methodist Episcopal of the United States in November, Church from 1841 to 1854; and 1852, was inaugurated tMarch 4, was elected a Representative, from 1853, and served to the end of his New IHampshire, in the Thirtyterm, after which he retired to pri- fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, vate life. The best biography of and is a member of'the Committee him was written by his personal onEnrolled Bills. friend, Nathaniel Hawthorne. PILLSBURY, TIMOTHY. PIERCE, JOSEPH. HIe was born in Newbury, MasHe was a Representative in Con- sachusetts, April 12, 1789; regress, from New Hampshire, during ceived a common school education; the years 1801 and 1802. spent two years as a clerk in a BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 381 store, and several subsequent years PINCKNEY, THOMAS. as a sailor and coasting trader, He was a soldier of the American making one trip to Europe, as cap- Revolution; was elected Governor taim. of a brig; settled in Maine, of South Carolina in 1787; was apand was appointed a member of pointed Minister to Great Britain the Executive Council; also served by Washington; and was a Reprein the State Legislature; went from sentative in Congress from 1799 to Maine to Ohio, thence to Louisiana, 1801. He died in 1828. and finally to Texas; he served a number of years in the Senate and PINCKNEY WILLIAM. House of Representatives of Texas; and when that Republic came into Born in Annapolis, Maryland, March 17, 17651 Having prepared the Union he was elected a Repre-, sentative in Congress, from 1846 to 1849. IlHe died near Danville, struction of Judge Chase, he was Texas, ovember 23, 1858. admitted to practice in 1786, and Texas, November 23, 1858. immediately gave promise of high distinction. He was a member of PINCKNEY, CHARLES. the Convention which ratified the Born in Charleston, South Caro- Federal Constitution, and from 1789 lina, in 1758; was a patriot in the to 1.792 was a Representative in revolutionary struggle; received the Congress, and then a member of the degreeof LL.D. from Princeton Col- Executive Council, and made its lege in 1787; and in 1787 was a President. In 1795 he was a memdelegate to the Convention which ber of the State Legislature. In framed the Constitution of the 1796 he was a Commissioner under United States. He was Governor Jay's treaty, in conjunction with of South Carolina, from 1789 to Mr. Gore, and remained in London 1792, and from 1796 to 1798. He eight years. He recovered for Matywas a Senator in Congress, from land a claim on the Bank of England 1798 to 1801, and was appointed, in for $800,000. In 1806 he was Envoy 1802, Minister to Spain, by Presi- Extraordinary to England, and in dent Jefferson, holding that posi- 1808, on the return of Mr. Monroe, tion till 1805. He was subsequently was made Minister Plenipotentiary. a Representative in Congress, from He returned to the United States, 1819 to 1821, and died October 29, and settled in Baltimore, in 1811, 1824. and was soon after a member of the State Senate. In December, 1811, PINCKNEY, II. L. he was appointed Attorney-General, He was born in South Carolina, and remained in that position until and was a Representative in Con- 1814. He commanded a battalion gress, from that State, from 1833 to of riflemen, and was wounded at 1837 Bladensburg, in August, 1814. He 382 B I O GRAPHICAL SKE TCHES. was a [Representative in Congress, House during five sessions, and a from 1815 to 1816, and then made Iepresentative in Congress, from Minister to Russia and Envoy to 1805 to 1819. In 1816 he pubNaples. On his return, in 1819, he lished "A Statistical View of the was elected a member of the United Commerce of the United States," States Senate, and continued in that and in 1828 his "Political and Civil station until his death, February History of the United States, from 25, 1822. He possessed splendid 1763 to the close of Washington's talents, and was one of the most ac- Administration." He died in New complished orators and statesmen of Haven, December 18, 1847. his time. PITMAN, CHARLES W. PINDELL, JAMIES. PINDELL, JAMES. lHe was born in New Jersey, and He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1849 to from that State, from 1817 to 1820. 1851. PIPER, WILLIAM. PLANT, DAVID. He was a Representative in Con- Was a native of Stratford, Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1811 necticut, and graduated at Yale to 1819. College in 1804. In 1819 and 1820 he was Speaker of the House of PITCHER, NATHANIEL. Representatives; in 1821 a memHe was born at Litchfield, Con- ber of the State Senate, and was necticut; and was a member of the twice re-elected. From 1823 to New York Legislature in 1806, 1827 he was Lieutenant-Governor 1815, 1816, and 1817; a delegate of the State, and from 1827 to 1829 to' the State Constitutional Conven- a Representative in Congress. He tion of 1821; at one time Lieute- died October 18, 1851. nant-Governor and acting Governor of the State; at another, Commis- PLATER, THOMAS. sioner to survey the State roads; He was a Representative, in Conand a Representative in, Congress, gress, from Maryland, from 1801 to from New York, from 1819 to 1823, 1805. and again from 1831 to 1833. PLATT, JONAS. PITKIN, TIMOTHY. Judge of the Supreme Court of Born in Farmington, Connecti- New York, was a Representative cut, in 1765, and graduated at Yale in Congress, from New York, from College in 1785. He was for seve- 1799 to 1801, and died in Peru, ral years a member of the State Clinton County, New York, in Legislature, and Speaker of the 1834. B I GRAP I CAL SKETCHES. 383 PLEASANTS, JAMES. gress, from that State, from 1802 to 1807. He died at Epping, New Born in ~irginia, in 1169, and died at Goochland County, Novem- Hampshire, December 22, 1850. ber 9, 1836. He was a Represen- PLUMER, WILLIAM. tative in Congress, from 1811 to 1819, United States Senator, from Born in Epping, New Hamp1819 to 1822, Governor of Virgi- shire, in 1790, and died, Septemnia, from 1822 to 1825, and a mem- ber 18 1854. He graduated at ber of the Convention of 1829-30, Cambridge in 1809, studied law, for amending the State Constitu- but never practiced his profession. tion. He was twice appointed to -lHe frequently served in the State tion. He was twice appointed to Legislature, and was a Representathe bench, but declined, from a dis- Legislature, and was a Representa-.'t. five in Congress, from 1819 to trust of his own qualifications. He tive in Congress, from 1819 to 1825, —his father, whose name he was a man of rare modesty, greatly, n bore, having been a United States respected and esteemed for public in Senator in 1802, from the same and private virtues. State. He was also a member of PLUMER, ARNOLD. the Convention to form a new State Constitution, in 1850. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from 1837 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1843. He was at one time a Judge of the Circuit Court of Mississippi, PLUMER, GEORGE. and a Representative in Congress, He was a Representative in Con- from that State, from 1831 to 1833, gress, from Pennsylvania, from and again from 1833 to 1835. He 1821 to 1827. died at Jackson, Mississippi, September 24, 1852. PLUA:MER, WILLIAM. He was born at Newburyport, POINDEXTER, GEORGE. Massachusetts, June 25, 1759; re- He was the second Governor of ceived a good education; studied Mississippi, under the State Conlaw, and was admitted to the bar in stitution, from 1819 to 1821; was 1787; was for many years Solicitor a Delegate to Congress, from the for the County of Rockingham; he Territory, from 1807 to 1813, when was for eight years a member of he was appointed Federal Judge of the State Legislature, and two the Territory; he was a Repreyears Speaker of the House; served sentative in Congress, from 1817 as a member, and President of the to 1819, and United States SeState Senate. He was also Go- nator, from Mississippi, from 1831 vernor of New -Iampshire for four to 1835. He died in Jackson, Misyears; and was a Senator in Con- sissippi, September 5, 1853. 384 BIO GRAP H I CAL S K E T C H E S. POINSETT, JOEL R. were acquired. He died at NashHe was born in South Carolina, ville, Tennessee, June 15, 1849. in 1779; spent the most of his POLK~ TRUSTEN. youth in traveling in foreign countries; was a Representative in Con- He was born in Sussex County, gress, from South Carolina, from Delaware, May 29, 1811; gradu1821 to 1825; was appointed, by ated at Yale College in 1831; stuPresident John Q. Adams, United died law at the Yale Law School; States Minister to Mexico; he was and in 1835 he emigrated to MisSecretary of War under President souri, where he commenced the pracVan Buren; and from 1840 until tice of his profession. In 1845, his death he lived in retirement. while absent from Missouri for the He was a man of letters, and, among benefit of his health, he was elected other things, wrote an interesting a member of the Convention called book on Mexico. He died in State- to remodel the State Constitution; burg, South Carolina, December in 1856 he was elected Governor of 14, 1851. Missouri, and inaugurated January, 1857, but soon resigned for a seat in POLK, JAMES KNOX. the United States Senate, to which he was elected for the term of six Born in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, November 2, 1795; years, from March 4, 1857. e is a member of the Committees on removed with, his father, in 1806, to a member of the Committees on Tennessee, and lived in the valley Foreign Affairs and on Claims. of Duck River, a branch of the Cumberland. He graduated at the POLK, WILLIAM II. University of North Carolina in He was born in Maury County, 1815; studied law in Tennessee Tennessee, May 24, 1815; educated with Felix Grundy, and was ad- at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and mitted to the bar in 1820; he was the University of Tennessee; studied a member of the House of Repre- law, and was admitted to the bar in sentatives in Congress, from 1825 to 1839; in 1841 and 1843, he was 1839, and Speaker in that body elected to the State Legislature; from 1835 to 1837; and was elected was appointed, by President Tyler, Governor of Tennessee, in 1839, for Charg6 d'Affaires to Naples, where two years. In December, 1844, he negotiated a treaty with the two the Electors chose him President Sicilies; served as a major of draof the United States; and during goons in the Mexican war; was a his eventful administration the Ore- delegate to the Nashville Convengon question was settled, Texas an- tion, in 1850; and a Representative nexed, war with Mexico declared, in Congress, from Tennessee from and New Mexico and California 1851 to 1853. BIOGRAP HICAL SKETCIIES. 385 POLLOCK, JAMES. at Louisville, Kentucky, in May, 1841. He was born in Pennsylvania; graduated at Princeton College in PORTER, ALEXANDERl. 1831; was a Judge of the Court Born in Ireland in 1786, and his of Common Pleas; was a Represenfather having fallen a victim there tative in Con gress, from that State, during the disturbances of 1798, he emigrated to America, and settled POND, BENJAMIN. at Nashville, Tennessee. He at He served four years in the As- first engaged in commerce, but sembly of New York, from:Essex afterwards studied law, and reCounty, and -was a Representative moved to Louisiana about the year in Congress, from that State, from 1809, where he soon acquired dis1811 to 1813. tinction. He assisted in forming the Constitution of the State, and POPE, JOHN. became a Judge of the Supreme He was born in Prince William Court of Louisiana; and was a County, Virginia, in 1770; having Senator in Congress, from 1834 to lost one arm, by accident, he de- 1837. He died at Attakapas, termined to study law, and attained Louisiana, January 13, 1844. eminence at the bar; he removed to Kentucky, and served a number PORTER, AUGUSTUS S. of years in the Legislature; was a Born in Canandaigua, New York, Senator in Congress, from. that January 18, 1798; graduated at State, from 1807 to 1813; and a Union College in 1818; studied Representative in Congress, from law, as a profession, and practiced 1837 to 1843. In 1829 he was ap- for twenty years in Detroit, Michipointed Governor of the Territory gan, of which city he was chosen of Arkansas, and died in Kentucky Mayor in 1838. He was a Senator in 1842. in Congress, from Michigan, from 1840 to 1845, and in 1848 he rePOPE, NATHANITL. moved to Niagara Falls, the resiIte was a Delegate to Congress, dence of his father, where he has from the Territory of Illinois, from since lived in retirement. 1816 to 1818, in which year he was appointed Register of the Land- PORTER, GILCIIRIST. office, in Edwardsville, Illinois; and He was born in Virginia, and was appointed, in 1819, Federal I was a Representative in Congress, Judge of the Illinois District. from Missouri, from 1851 to 1857. POPE, PATRICK iH. PORTER, JAMES. IIe was a Representative in Con- He was a member of the New gress, from 1833 to 1835, and died York Assembly, in 1814 and 1815, 25 386 B I O G RAPH I CAL SKETC I E S. and was a Representative in Con- of that State, and also five years in gress, from that State, from 1817 the State Senate, and was a Repreto 1819. sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1825 to 1827. PORTER, JOHN. He was a Representative in Con- POSEY, THOMAS. gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1806 He was a Senator in Congress, to 1811. from Louisiana, from 1812 to 1813. He died, March 19, 1818. PORTER, PETER B. He was born in 1773, a native POST, JOTHAM. of Salisbury, Connecticut, and gra- He was a member of the New duated at Yale Colleoe in 1791. n. York Assembly, for four years, from He completed his law studies at the City of New York, and was a the City of New York, and was a Litchfieldl and emigrated to`WestLitced, and emigrated to West- Representative in Congress, from ern New York. He was a Repre- 1813 to 1815. sentative in Congress, from that State, from 1809 to 1813, and from 1815 to 1816. As Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Rela- He filled, for forty years, a large tions, he reported the resolutions space in the political transactions authorizing immediate and active of Rhode Island, having been for preparations for war; and in 1816 twenty-five years a member of the was appointed Commissioner under General Assembly, and a Reprethe treaty of Ghent. In 1813 he sentative in Congress, from that was made major-general, and chief State, from 1796 to 1797, and from in command of the State troops, 1809 to 1815. HIe was a man of and in 1815 he received, from Pre- superior talents, and died at South sident Madison, the appointment Kingston, Rhode Island, September of commander-in-chief of the Uni- 26, 1835. ted States army, which he declined. Soon after the war, he was chosen POTTER, ELISHA R., JR. Secretary of the State of New He was born in Rhode Island, York. In 1828 he was appointed and was a Representative in ConSecretary of War, by President gress, from that State, from 1843 Adams. He died at Niagara Falls, to 1845. lMarch 20, 1844, aged seventy-one years. POTTER, EMERY D. He was born in Ohio, and was a PORTER, TIMOTHY H. Representative in Congress, from He was a native of New York, that State, from 1843 to 1845, and served five years in the Assembly again from 1849 to 1851. BIoGRAPHI CAL SKETCHES. 387 POTTER, JOHN F. POTTLE, EMORY B. Born in Augusta, Maine, May Born in Naples, New York; is a 11, 1817i; educated at Philips's lawyer by profession; was once in Academy, New Hampshire; is a the Legislature of New York; and lawyer by profession; was a mem- was elected a Representative in the ber of the Legislature of Wiscon- Thirty-fifth Congress, from that sin in 1856, and Judge of Walworth State, serving on the Committee County, from 1842 to 1846, and on Expenditures in the Navy Deelected a Representative in the partment. He has also been reThirty-fifth Congress, serving as a elected to the Thirty-sixth Conmember of the Committee on Re- gress. volutionary Pensions. He has been re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con- POTTS, DAVID, JR. gress. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1831 Born in Granville County, North to 1839. Carolina. He entered the navy as a midshipman, but resigned this POTTS, RICHARD. position, and studied law. He enposition, and studiedlaw. He en- He was Governor of Maryland tered the State Legislature in 1826, during the years 1781 and 1782 and was in Congress, from 1829 to "^","''and a Senator in Congress, firom 1831. He was a second time in that State, from 1792 to 1796. He the Legislature, but owing to an received from Princeton College, in outrage that he committed upon the 1805, the degree of LL.D. persons of two men, of whom he was jealous, he lost all political influence, and removing to Texas, was POWELL, ALFRED H. killed in a private brawl. He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from POTTER, SAIUEL J. that State, from 1825 to 1827. He was a Senator in Congress, from Rhode Island, during the years 1803 and 1804, having died in October of the latter year, aged fifty- He was at one time Mayor of four years. Alexandria, in Virginia, and on his removal to Loudon County, was POTTER, WILLIAM W. elected to the Legislature; was subHe was a Representative in Con- sequently a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1837 gress, from 1841 to 1843. lIe died to 1839, and died at Bellefonte, in at Langollen, Virginia, May 8, that State, October 28, 1839. 1849. 388 BIOGRAPH I CAL S K ETC I ES. POWELL, LEVIN. ton College; was bred a lawyer; He was a Representative in Con- was Governor of Maryland, from gress, from Virginia, from 1799 to 1844 to 1848, and was a Senator 1801. in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1857. POWELL, PAULUS. He was born in Virginia, and PRATT, ZADOCK. hlaving been elected a Representa- Was born at Stephentown, Renstive in Congress, from that State, selaer County, New York, October in 1849, has continued in that ca- 30, 1790. He commenced in early pacity to the present time, and is a life without means, but by his inmember of the Committee on Ex- dustry gained a large fortune. Dependitures in the Navy Depart- voting his attention to tanning, he ment, and that on Post-offices and attained eminent success in that Post-roads. branch of the mechanic arts, and his name will ever be associated POWELL, SAMIUEL. POWELL, SAMT~lUEL. with Prattsville, and that vast tanHe was a Representative in Con- nery, where, previous to the close gress, from Tennessee, from 1815 of it, in 1846, he had tanned more to 1817. than a million sides of leather. HIe was elected to Congress in 1836, Pand labored successfully for the He was a Representative in Con- public good. His career in Congress, from New York, from 1829 gress will be remembered for his to 1831. efforts in behalf of the reduction of postage, his plans for the new postPOYDRAS, JULIAN. office buildings, and the bureau of He was a Delegate in Congress, statistics, which owes its origin to from the Territory of Louisiana, him. from 1809 to 1812. PRENTISS, JOHN H. PRATT, JAMES T. IHe was born in Massachusetts, He was born in Middletown in and was a Representative in Con1805; was bred a farmer, which gress, from New York, from 1837 occupation he still follows; has to 1841. served in the Connecticut Legislature; and was a Representative in PRENTISS, SAMUEL. Congress, from 1853 to 1855. IIe was born in Stonington, Connecticut, March 31, 1782; removed PRATT, TI~HOMI5~AS~ G. with his father to Worcester, MasHe was born in Washington City sachusetts, and subsequently to in 1800; was educated at Prince- Northfield, where he commenced BIOGnRAPHICAL SKET.CHEs. 389 the study of law. He completed chosen a Representative in Conhis professional studies in Brattle- gress, for the years 1838 and 1839. borough Vermont, and commenced From that period until the close of practice at Montpelier in 1803, his life, he was devoted wholly to where he soon attained success, and his profession, appearing frequently became one of the foremost men of in court at New Orleans; and as a the Vermont bar. In 1824 and jury orator, he was acknowledged 1825 he represented Montpelier in as having no equal in the Souththe State Legislature. In 1829 he western States. was elected Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the State, having PRESTON, FRANCIS. several years before declined the He was a member of Congress, office of Associate Justice of that from Virginia, from 1793 to 1797, Court. He was a Senator in Con- and died at Columbia, South Carogress, from Vermont, froLm 1831 to lina, May 26, 1835, whither he had 1842. While Senator, he did much gone upon a visit to his son, the to effect the passage of the law distinguished William C. Preston. against duelling in the District of He was in the seventieth year of Columbia. In 1842 he was ap- his age. pointed Judge of the Federal District Court in Vermont, which office PRESTON, JACOB A. he held at the time of his death. He was born in Maryland, and He died in Montpelier, Vermont, Haye died in Montpelier, Vermont, was a Representative in Congress, January 15, 1857. from that State, from 1843 to 1845. PRENTISS, SERGEANT S. PRESTON, WILLIAM. Born in Portland, Maine, Sep- He was born near Louisville, tember 30, 1808, and died at Long- Kentucky, October 16, 1816; was wood, near Natchez, Mississippi, liberally educated at St. Joseph July 1, 1850. He graduated at College, Kentucky, in New Raven, Bowdoin College in 1826, when, and at Harvard University; he after studying law at Gorham, he settled, in the practice of law, at removed to Mississippi, an( passed Louisville, and there remained untwo years as tutor in a private til the Mexican war, when he went family. He studied law at Natchez, to Mexico as Lieutenant-Colonel of and on removing to Vicksburg, the Kentucky Volunteers; he served became from the start the leader of in the Convention called to frame the bar in his adopted State,-ac- anew the Constitution of Kentucky; quiring by his profession a large in 1850 and 1851 he was elected to property. He entered into politics, the State Legislature; he was a was elected to the State Legisla- Presidential Elector in 1852, voting ture in 1335, and in 1837 was for Scott; was a member of the 390 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETC H E S. Cincinnati Convention, which nomi- tice of his profession in South Canated Mr. Buchanan in 1856; and rolina. In 1845 he became Presihas recently been appointed, by dent of the University of South President Buchanan, Minister to Carolina, which office he filled with Spain. great credit until he was forced to resign, in consequence of ill health, PRESTON, WILLIAM B. since which time he has lived in retirement. He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849. PRICE, RODMAN M. Born in Sussex County, New PRESTON, WILLIAM C. Jersey, November 5, 1816. He attended Princeton College until'~ras born December 27, 1794,, his health compelled him to retire, in Philadelphia, while his father Pateni, C es fattha and he devoted some attention to was attending Congress, at that V i n... the study of law; was appointed place, as a member from Virginia. Purser in the Navy in 1840; is said His maternal grandmother was the to have been the first person to sister of Patrick Henry.:tie was exercise judicial functions under the educated at the Universitv of South American flag on the Pacific Coast, Carolina. In 1812 he graduated, as Alcalde; in 1848 was -made lavy and returned to Virginia, where he'Agent for the Paeific Coast; was studied law in the office of William a Representative in Congress, from Wirt, at Richmond. In 1816 he his native State, from 1851 to went to Europe, and after visiting 1853; and subsequently elected France, England, and Switzerland, Governor of New Jersey. He resided for some time in Edinburgh, caused the establishment, in that where he attended the lectures of, State, of a Normal School, and has Hope, Playfair, and Brown. In done much to improve the militia 1819 he returned to the United of the State. of the State. States, and being admitted to the bar in 1821, commenced the prac- PRICE, STERLING. tice of law in Virginia. In 1822 he removed to Columbia, in South He Has born in Virginia; was a Carolina, where he continued to Representative in Congress, from Car olina, where he continued to practice his profession with great Missouri, from 1845 to 1847. distinction and success. In 1832 he was elected to the Senate of the PRINCE. OLIVER H. United States, where he assumed a He was a Senator in Congress, high position as a debater. In from Georgia, during the years 1842 he resigned his place in the 1828 and 1829, and died at sea, Senate, and returned to the prac- October 9, 1837. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHE S. 391 PRINCE, WILLIAM. PURDY, SMITH MI. He was a Representative in Con- He was born in New York, and gress, from Ohio, from 1823 to was a Representative in Congress, 1824. - from that State, from 1843 to 1845. PRINGLE, BENJAMIN. PURVIANCE, SAMUEL A. He was born in New York, and Born in Butler, Pennsylvania, was a Representative in Congress, November 8, 1809. He was a from that State, from 1853 to 1857. student of Washington College, but did not graduate; is a lawyer by profession, and has practiced for PROFFIT GEORGE H. twenty-five years; was a member of He was a Representative in Con- the Convention to amend the State gress, from Indiana, from 1839 to Constitution, in 1836, and served 1843; and in 1843 was United in the Legislature in 1838 and States Minister to Brazil. He died 1839; was a member of the Elecat Louisville, Kentucky, September toral College in 1848; and a 5, 1847. Representative in Congress, from 1854 to the present time, the Thirty-fifth Congress. IHe is a member of the Committee on Public BuildBorn in Cincinnati, Ohio, Noings and Grounds. vember 28, 1822; graduated at Miami University in 1840, and is a PURVIANCE, SAMUEL D. lawyer by profession. tIe was A member of Congress, from captain of the 4th Regiment of ember of Congress, from North Carolina, from 1803 to 1805. Ohio Volunteers, in the Mexican war, in 1847; Representative in PURYEAR, RICHARD C. the Legislature in 1848 and 1849; was appointed Solicitor to the City Tie was born in Mecklenburg, of Cincinnati, in 1850; was Attor- Virginia, February 9, 1801; reney-General of the State in 1851; ceived a good English education; and elected a Senator in Congress, has spent the most of his life enfrom March 4, 1855, for six years, gaged in merchandising and farmand is a member of the Committees ing. In 1838, having removed to on Public Lands and on the Judi- North Carolina, be was elected to ciary. the Legislature of that State; in 1840 to the State Senate; in 1844, PUGH, JOHN. 1846, and 1852, he was again choHe was a Representative in Con- sen to the Legislature; and was a gress, from Pennsylvania, from Representative in Congress, from 1805 to 1809. North Carolina, from 1853 to 1857. 392 B I O G RAPH I CAL S K E T CH E S. PUTMAN, HARVEY. lished works are "Speeches in For many years a leading mem- Congress, and Orations on Various ber of Genesee County bar; was Occasions," "Memoir of Josiah elected, several times, to both Quincy, jr., of Massachusetts," "Centennial Address on the Two branches of the New York Legis- " Centennial Address on the TSo lature; and was a Representative Hundrem th Ano iversary of the Setin Congress, from New York, from 1847 to 1851. He died in Attica, of Harvard University, from 1636 New York, September 21, 1855, to 1836," " Meoir of James Graaged sixty-two years. hame, Historian of the U. S. A.," "Memoir of Major Samuel Shaw," QUARLS TUNSTALL. "istory of the Boston Athene um," "A Municipal History of He was born in Virginia; was the Town and City of Boston, from a Representative in Congress, from 1630 to 1830."' KIentucky, from 1817 to 1820, and was subsequently Receiver of QUITM'IAN JOHN A. Public Moneys at Cape Girardeau, Missouri. Born in Rhinebeck, Dutchess County, New York, September 1, QUINCY, JOSIAII. 1799. He had a liberal education; Born in Boston, Massachusetts, studied theology, but preferred the February 4, 1772. He graduated at law, and in his twentieth year was Harvard in 1790, and entered on a professor of law in Mount Airy the practice of law in Boston. In College, Pennsylvania. In 1820 he 1804 he was chosen Representa- emigrated to Ohio, and was admittive, from Boston, in the Congress ted to the bar of that State, but of the United States, and held that soon afterwards removed to Natchez, station eight successive years, until Mississippi. In 1827 he was elected he declined a re-election in 1813. to the State Legislature; in 1828 He was chosen State Senator, for was appointed Chancellor of the Suffolk, from 1814 to 1819; Re- State, serving three years; in 1835 presentative, from Boston; and was he was elected to the State Senate, Speaker of the House, in 1820; and as President of that body was Judge of the Municipal Court, in called upon to perform the duties of Boston, in 1821; and Mayor of Governor; in 1836 he distinguished that City in 1823. He held the himself as a soldier and leader in office of Mayor six successive years, behalf of Texas against Mexico; in until he declined a re-election, in 1839 he visited Europe on business December, 1828. In 1829 he was for the Mississippi Railroad; on his chosen President of Harvard Uni- return was appointed Judge of the versity, and held that office until High Court of Errors and Appeals; his resignation in 1845. His pub- he served with distinction in the BIO GRAP H ICAL SKETCHES. 393 Mexican war; had a horse shot ber 7,1719. In 1803he was appointfrom under him at Monterey; corn- ed Surveyor of his native county, an manded at Victoria; was at Vera office held by his father during the Cruz and Ojo Del Agua; commis- Revolution; and he also held the sioned, by the President, major- offices of Prothonotary, Register, general in the army; he also ac- Recorder, and Clerk of the Orphans' quitted himself with great credit at Court; studied law, and practiced Chapultepec; he was Governor of with success. In 1826 he was Mississippi in 1850; and in 1855 elected a member of Congress, rehe was elected a Representative in elected in 1828 and 1830, and died Congress, from Mississippi, and in September, 1831. re-elected in 1857, serving both terms at the head of the Committee RAMSEY, WILLIAM S. on Military Affairs. By virtue of Born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, his experience and strict integrity June 12, 1810; was educated at he ever commanded the respect of Dickinbson College, but on account all, and the kindness of his heart of bad health did not graduate; he and amiable manners won for him traveled in Europe; was an attach6 troops of friends among all parties. to the American Legation in LonHe was spoken of on two occasions don, and formed the acquaintance as the Democratic canditate for of Walter Scott and General La Vice-President, and was the recog- Fayette; returning to Carlisle, he nized leader of those favorable to was admitted to the bar in 1832; the annexation of Cuba. He died elected a Representative to Conat his residence in Mississippi, July gress in 1838, re-elected in 1840, 17, 1858. but died in Baltimore, October 17, 1840, a few weeks after his election. RAMSAY, ALEXANDER. He was born in Pennsylvania, RANDALL, ALEXANDER. and was a Representative in Con- IHe was born in Maryland, and gress, from that State, from 1843 to was a Representative in Congress, 1847. from that State, from 1841 to 1843. RPAMISAY, ROBERT. RANDALL, BENJAMIN. He was born in Pennsylvania, He was born in Massachusetts in and was a Representative in Con- 1789; graduated at Bowdoin Colgress, from that State, from 1833 lege in 1809; studied law, and was to 1835, and again from 1841 to admitted to the bar in 1814, and 1843. commenced to practice in Bath, MIaine, where he resided forty-five RAMSEY, WILLIAM. years. He was a member of the State Born at Sterrett's Gap, Cumber- Senate in1833, and aRepresentative land County, Pennsylvania, Septem- in Congress, from Maine, from 1839 394 BIOGRAPHICAL SIKETCIIES. to 1843, and a member of the Com- of whom he said he "never learned mittee on Invalid Pensions. lHe anything." He passed a short time was appointed, by President Tay- at Princeton College, Columbia lor, Collector of the port of Bath, College, and at William and Mary and died at that place October 14, College; and for a time he studied 1857. law with Edmund Randolph. IHe was elected a Representative in ConRANDOLPH, JATMES F. gress, in 1799, and he continued a Born in Middlesex County, New member of the House of RepresenJersey, June 26, 1791; received -a tatives, with the exception of two common school education, served intervals of two years each, until an apprenticeship to the printing 1829; in that year he was a membusiness, and became editor of the her of the Convention to revise the Precdonia, a weekly newspaper, in Constitution of Virginia, and he 1812, and continued in that crpa- was afterwards appointed Minister city for thirty-years. He was ap- Plenipotentiary to Russia, by Presipointed Collector of the " Internal dent Jackson, in 1830. During one Revenue" of the United States, in of the intervals alluded to, from 1815, and held that office till the 1825 to 1827, he was a Senator of close of the war in Texas. He was subsequently Clerk of the Court of married, and was possessed of a Common Pleas for the County, and le estate on the Roanoke. He for two years a member of the State died at Philadelphia, May 24, 1833, Legislature. 1He was a Represen- while about to depart for Europe tative in Congress from 1828 to tative in Congress fromn 1828 to for the restoration of his feeble 1833, and was afterwards president health. He was distinguished alike of a bank in New Brunswick, New for his genius, his effective eoJersey, for ten years. quence, and for many eccentricities of thought and manner. RANDOLPH, JOHN, OF ROANOKE. RANDOLPH, JOSEPH F. He was born in Chesterfield, Virginia, June 2, 1773, and was a de- Born in 1803, in New Jersey, and scendant, through his mother, from obtained an ordinary school educaPocahontas, the daughter of Pow- tion, after which he studied law and hatan, the great Indian Chief. His was licensed to practice in 1825; father died in 1775, leaving three he settled at Monmouth Court sons and a large estate; and his House, and was appointed States mother was married in 1783 to St. Attorney for the County. He George Tucker, who was his guar- was a Representative in Congress dian during his minority. His early from 1837 to 1843, and during life was spent at different places, one term he was Chairman of under different instructors, of most the Committee on Revolutionary BIOG RAPHICAL SKETCHES. 395 Claims. In 1844 he was a member from 1851 to the time of his death, of the Convention which framed the which occurred at Washington, AuState Constitution; and in 1845 gust 7, 1852. His writings have was appointed a Judge of the Su- since been published in a large vopreme Court of New Jersey, for lume. seven years, after which he resumed the practice of his profession at RARIDEN, JAMES. Trenton, where he now resides. He was a native of Kentucky, and was an early settler of the White RANDOLPH, THOMAS M. Water Valley, in that State; he was He was a native of Virginia; Go- self-educated, and became eminent vernor of that State; and a Repre- as a lawyer. He was a Represensentative in Congress, from 1803 to tative in Congress, from Indiana, 1807, and died at Monticello, June from 1837 to 1841, and died at 20, 1828. Cambridge City, in that State. RANKIN, CHRISTOPHER. RATHBUN, GEORGE. He was born in Washington He was born in New York, and County, Pennsylvania, and was a was a Representative in Congress, Representative in Congress, from from that State, from 1843 to 1847. Mississippi, from 1819 to 1826. RAYNER, KENNETH. RANTOUL, ROBERT. Born in Bertie County, North Born in Beverly, Massachusetts, Carolina, in 1808; received an acaMay 13, 1805. He graduated at demical education; and though he Harvard University in 1826; stu- studied law, he did not practice. died law; was admitted to the bar -lHe entered public life, in 1835, as a in 1827, and settled to practice in member of the House of Commons, South Reading, and removed to and the same year was a member of Gloucester in 1832; was elected to the Convention to revise the State the State Legislature in 1834, and Constitution. He served again in in 1837 a member of the Massachu- the local Legislature in 1836 and setts Board of Education. In 1838 1838, and was a Representative in he removed to Boston, and in 1843 Congress, from 1839 to 1845. In was appointed Collector of that 1846 he went for the third time into port; in 1845 was appointed, by the Legislature. President Polk, United States District Attorney for Massachusetts; REA, JOHN. in 1851 succeeded Mr. Webster in He was a Representative in Conthe United States Senate, but re- gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1803 mained there only a short time; and to 1811, and again from 1813 to was a Representative in Congress, 1815. 396 ] IO G RAP I CAL S KET C H E S READ, ALMON H. 1795 to 1802, and was appointed, by He was born in Vermont in 1790; President Adams, Judge of the graduated at Williamstown Col- TUnited States District Court of lege; studied law, and removing to South Carolina, in 1801. Pennsylvania, was frequently elected to the State Legislature; in 1840 READ, NATHAN. was appointed Treasurer of the Born in Essex County, MassaState, and in 1541 was elected to fill chusetts, in 1760; graduated at a vacancy in the National House of Harvard University in 1781, and Representatives. Died at Montrose, two years afterwards officiated as Pennsylvania, June 3, 1843. tutor in that institution. He was a Representative in Congress, from READ, GEORGE. Massachusetts, from 1800 to 1803; Born in Cecil County, Maryland, and having removed to Hallowell, in 1734, but, with his father, re- Maine, was for many years Judge moved to New Castle County, Dela- of the Court of Common Pleas. ware. He was educated for the law, He was devoted to science, and a and was admitted to the bar in Phi- petitioner for a patent for an invenladelphia, at the age of nineteen, tion, before the patent laws were and practiced his profession in New enacted; and before the time of Castle; was made Attorney-Gene- Fulton's experiments, he had tried ral of the three lower counties on the effect of steam upon a boat in the Delaware, in 1763, and held the Wenham Pond. He died at Haloffice until he was chosen a Delegate lowell, January 20, 1849. to Congress, in 1775. In 1776 he was a signer of the Declaration of READ, THOMAS B. Independence. He was President He was a Senator in Congress, of the Convention which formed the f s 1 to from Milssissippi, from 1826 to first Constitution of Delaware, and i 1827, and also during the session of also a member of the Convention 1829 and died soon afterwards. which framed the Federal Constitution, and was elected a member of READE, EDWIN G. the United States Senate, serving from 1789 to 1793. IHe was then Born in Orange County, North appointed Chief Justice of the Su- Carolina, November 13, 1812; he preme Court of Delaware, in which had a liberal education; studied office he remained until his death, law, and was admitted to the bar in in 1798. 1836, in Person County, and engaged in a lucrative practice. He BEAD, JACOB. was elected a Representative in He was a Representative in Con- Congress, in 1855, serving until gress, from South Carolina, from L 1857. B IOGRAPHICAL SKETC H E S. 397 RtEADY, CHARBLES. gress, from that State, from 1841 to 1845. Born at Readyville, Rutherford County, Tennessee, December 22, REED, CHARLES IM. 1802. He graduated at Greenville He was born in Pennsylvania, College, and received from the and was a Representative in ConNashville -University the degree of gress, fiom that State, from 1843 Master of Arts. He was bred a to 1845. lawyer, and has practiced his profession with success. He was a REED, EDWARD C. mnember of the Tennessee Legisla- He was a native of New York; ture in 1835, and closely identified graduated at Dartmouth College in with the organization of the Judi- 1812 and ciary. By special' commission he Congress, from New p ork, from has twice presided in the Supreme 1831 to 1833. Court of Tennessee, and was elected a Representative in Congress, REED, ISAAC. from that State, in 1853, to which He was a Representative in ConHe was a Representative in Conposition he has been twice re-electgress, from Maine, his native State, ed, and is a member of the Comn-from 1852 to -853. frtom 1852 to 1853. mittee on the Judiciary. REED, JOHIN. REAGASN, JOHNS H. Graduated at Yale College in Born in Sevier County, Tennes- 1772; was ordained as a minister see, October 8, 1818; is a lawyer of the gospel in 1780, and settled at by profession; was appointed De- West Bridgewater, Massachusetts. puty Surveyor in the Republic of He was a Representative in ConTexas, in 1840; and in 1843 was a gress, from that State, from 1795 justice of the peace and. militia cap- to 1801, and from 1813 to 1817. tain; in 1846, Probate Judge and Hle died February 17, 1831, aged colonel of militia, and elected a eighty years. member of the Legislature in 1847; was a Judge qf the District Court REED, PHTLIP. from 1852 to 1857, when he was He was a Senator in Congress, elected a member of the Thirty- from Maryland, from 1806 to 1813, fifth Congress, serving on the Com- and a Representative in Congress, mittees on Indian Affairs and Ex- from 1817 to 1819, and again from penditures in the Post-office De- 1821 to 1823. He died November partment. 2, 1829. REDING, JOHN R. REED, ROBERT R. He was born in New Hampshire, He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Con- and was a Rvepresentative in Con 398 BI O G RA P H ICAL SKE T C H E S. gress, from that State, from 1849 to He studied law, and was admitted 1851. to practice in 1843; he was elected REFED, WILLIA3M. to the State Legislature in 1835, and served continuously until 1842. He was a native of WMcassachu- In 1843 he was elected a Represetts, an eminent merchant, and sentative in Congress from North highly esteemed for his benevolent Carolina serving that term; and and religious character. He was a andreligious character. e was a was re-elected in 1845 for a second member of Congress, from Massa- term; he was, in 1850, elected chusetts, from 1811 to 1815; was Governor of North Carolina, and President of the Sabbath-School in 1852, serving until re-elected in 1852, serving until Union of Massachusetts, and of the 185, when he was elected a SenarAmei can Tract Society; Vuice- tor in Congress, which position he President of the American Educa-continues to hold. He is Chairtion Society; a member of the Board man of the Committee on Patents of Visitors of the Theological Semi- and the Patent-office, and a member nary at Andover, and of the Board of the Committee on Commerce. of Trustees of Dartmouth College. Besides liberal bequests to heirs and REID, ROBERT R. relatives, he left $68,000 to benevolent objects, of which $17,000 were Iice was born in Beaufort Disto Dartmouth College, $10,000 to trict, South Carolina, in 1789; reAmherst College, $10,000 to the moved early in life to Georgia; Board of Commissioners for For- was a Representative in Congress, eign Missions, $9000 to the First from that State, from 1818 to 1823; Church and Society in Marblehead, was also a Judge of the Superior $7000 to the Second Congrega- Court of that State; was appointtional Church of Marblehead, and ed, in 1832, by President Adams, $5000 to the Library of the Theo- District Judge forEastern Florida; logical Seminary at Andover. He and mas appointed, by President died at Marblehead, February 18, Van Buren, Governor of the Ter1837, very suddenly, while attend- ritory of Florida; and was a meming a Sabbath-school meeting. ber of the Convention which formed a State Constitution for Florida, REESE, DAVID A. over which body he presided in a creditable manner. He died near IHe was born in South Carolina, and was a Representative in Con- Tallahassee, July 1, 1841. gress, from Georgia, from 1853 to 1855., ~~~~REILLY, WILSON. 1855. Born in Pennsylvania; followed REID, DAVID S. for a time the business of a hatter, Born in Rockingham County, and was elected a Representative North Carolina, April 19, 1813. in Congress, in 1857, serving as a BIO GRAPHICAL S K ETCHES. 399 member of the Committee on Pa- gress, from that State, from 1835 tents. to 1837, and again from 1839 to 1843. REILY, LUTHER. He was born in Pennsylvania, REYNOLDS, JOSEPH. and was a Representative in ConHe was born in New York, and gress, from that State, from 1837 was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 1837. RELFE, JAMES H. He also served in the Assembly of that State, in 1819. He was born in Virginia, and having settled in Missouri, was elected a Representative in Con- RHEA, JOHN. gress, from that State, from 1843 to 184F7. He was a Representative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1803 RENCHER, ABRAHAM. to 1815, and from 1817 to 1823. Born in Wake County, North In 1816 he was appointed United Carolina, and in 1822 graduated at States Commissioner, to treat with the University of that State. He the Chocktaws. practiced law for a time, but taking an interest in politics, was elected to Congress, where he served from 1829 to 1839, and again from 1841 He was born in Beaufort, South to 1842; and he was appointed, Carolina, December 24, 1800; reby President Buchanan, Governor ceived a liberal education, and of the Territory of New Mlexico, adopted the profession of law; in which office he still retains. 1826 he was elected to the State Legislature, and in 1832 he was REYNOLDS, GIDEON. elected Attorney-General of South He was born in New York, and Carolina; and was a Representawas a Representative in Congress, tive in Congress, from 1838 to 1847, from that State, from 1847 to 1851. and for a second term, ending in 1849, and was a Senator in ConREYNOLDS, JAMES B. gress during the years 1850 and He was a Representative in Con- 1851, having resigned, contrary to gress, from Tennessee, from 1815 the wishes of his State. He is to 1817, and again from 1823 to said to have been the first man who 1825. proposed, and advocated on the floor of Congress, a dissolution of REYNOLDS, JOHN. the Union. Of late years he has He was born in Pennsylvania, lived wholly retired from public and was a Representative in Con- life, on an extensive plantation. 400 B I OGRAPHICAL SKETCH E S. RICAUD, JAMIES B. Committees on Indian Affairs and Born in Baltimore, Maryland, on Post-offices and Post-roads. February 11, 1808; graduated at RICE, THOMAS. Washington College, Maryland, and n,, He graduated at Harvard Uniis a lawyer by profession;, was a versity in 1791; was a Representamember of the House of Delegates of ve in Congress, from Rassautive in Congress, from MassachuMaryland, in 1834, and of the State setts, from 1815 to 1819; and died Senate of Maryland, from 1836 to in 1854. 1844, inclusive; was an Elector of President and Vice-President in RICH, CHARLES. 1836 and 1844; and a Representa- He was born in Hampshire Countive in the Thirty-fourth and Thirty- fifth Congresses, serving on the ty, Massachusetts, in 1771, and was fifth Congresses, serving on the a Representative il Congress, floln a Representative in Congress, from Committee on Manufactures, and Vermont, from 1813 to 1815, and also that for investigating the Ac-.again from 1817 to 1824. e died counts of the late Clerk of the at Sherburne, Vermont, October 15, House. 1824. 1824. RICE, HENRY AM. RICHARD, GABRIEL. He was born in Vermont, Novem- IHe was a Roman Catholic priest, ber 29, 1816; emigrated to PMichi- and a man of learning. He was gan when it was a Territory, and born at Saintes, in France; came to since that time has lived in three America after the commencement other Territories, viz., Iowa,Wiscon- of the French Revolution; labored sin, and Minnesota, much of his life in Illinois as a missionary; went to having been spent among the wild Detroit, Michigan, in 1798, whence Indian tribes of the Northwest; in he was sent as a Delegate to Con1840 he was appointed a sutler in gress, in 1823. HIe died in Detroit, the army; has been employed as September 13, 1832, aged sixtyCommissioner in making many In- eight years. During his ministry, dian treaties of great importance; it became his duty, according to the in 1853 he was elected a Delegate [Roman Catholic religion, to excomto Congress, from Minnesota; re- municate one of his parishioners, elected in 1855, having secured the who had been divorced from his passage of the act authorizing the wife. The parishioner prosecuted people of Minnesota to form a State the priest for defamation of characConstitution; and in 1857 he was ter, which resulted in his obtaining elected a Senator in Congress, from a verdict of $1000. This money Minnesota, for the term of six years. the priest could not pay, and was At the commencement of the second consequently imprisoned in the cornsession of the Thirty-fifth Congress mon jail; as he had already been he was appointed a member of the elected a Delegate to Congress, he B I OGRAPHICAL SK E TCHES. 401 went from his prison, in the wilds of Common Pleas, and Presiding lichbigan, to his seat on the floor Judge of the Court of Appeals; of Congress. and was elected a member of Congress, in 1820, but owing to some RICHARDS, JACOB. exigency in his private affairs, he He was a Representative in Con- was not qualified. He was also at gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1803 one time a member of the State to 1809. Legislature, and also Attorney-General for the State. RICHARDS, JOHN. He was a Representative in Con- RICHARDSON, JOSEPH. gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1795 He graduated at Dartmouth Colto 1797. lege in 1802, and was a RepresenRICHARDS, JOHN. tative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1827 to 1831. He was a member of the New York Assembly, in 1814 and 1815, RICHARDSON, WILLIAM A. and a Representative in Conglress, from that State, from 1823 to 1825. having removed to Illinois, was having removed to Illinois, was RICI-tARDS, MARK. elected a Representative in Congress, from 1847 to 1855; and was lie was born in ~ew Haven, appointed, by President Buchanan, Connecticut, and was a Represen-'tviC sfoVro Governor of Nebraska Territory, tative in Congress, from Vermont, which office he resigned in 1858. from 1817 to 1821. PRICHARDS, ATHIAS. RICHARDSON, WILLIAM M. He was a Representative in Con- He was born at Pelham, New gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1807 Hampslire, January 4, 1774, and to 1811. graduated at the University of Cambridge in 1797. He practiced RICHARDSON, JOHN P. law for a few years at Groton, MasHe was a judge, and a member sachusetts, and was a member of of the House of Representatives, in Congress, from 1811 to 1814. He reCongress, from South Carolina, from moved to Portsmouth, New Hamp-.1837 to 1840, and died in South shire, in 1814, and was appointed Carolina, in 1850. Chief Justice in 1816; and he discharged the duties of the office with RICHARDSON, JOHN S. high reputation nearly twenty-two Born in South Carolina, in 1777, years. He was a man of distinand died at Charleston, May 11, guished talents, great industry, and 1850. He was an Associate Judge extensive acquirements, and highly of the General Sessions and the respected for his integrity and 26 402 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. estimable character. He was the RIDGELEY, HENRY M. author of " The New Hampshire Born in 1778; a lawyer by proJustice," and "The Town Officer." fession, and for many years was a A considerable portion of the first distinguished member of the Delaand second volumes of the New ware bar. He was a RepresentaHampshire Reports was drawn up tive in Congress, from Delaware, by the Chief Justice; nearly all the from 1811 to 1815; and supplied a cases of the third, fourth, and fifth, vacancy as Senator in Congress, were furnished by him; and of the from 1826 to 1829. He died at matter for, perhaps, four volumes his residence in Dover, Delaware, more, he prepared a large share. August 7, 1847. He died at Chester, New Hampshire, March 23, 1838. RIDGWAY, JOSEPH. He was born on Staten Island, RICHMOND, JONATHAN. New York, May 6, 1783, received He was born in Bristol, Massa- a limited education, and acquired chusetts, in 1774; was one of the the trade of a house carpenter. In pioneers to Western New York, in 1811 he emigrated to Cayuga Coun1813; was once Collector of the ty, New York, and devoted himself Customs for the United States, and to making fanning mills; and in a Representative in Congress, from 1822 settled in Columbus, Ohio, New York, from 1819 to 1821. and established an extensive iron He died in Cayuga, New York, foundry, which subsequently became July 29, 1853. an establishment for manufacturing railroad carriages. In 1828 he was HewasRIDDLE, GEORGE HRn. Nelected to the Legislature of Ohio, He was born in New Castle, and re-elected in 1830; and was Delaware, in 1817; educated at a Representative in Congress, from Delaware College; studied survey- Ohio, from 1837 to 1843. He ing, and was engaged for years in failed in business in 1811, and locating canals and roads in Penn- though exonerated by the Banksylvania, Maryland, and Virginia; rupt law, he thought proper, in he studied law, and was admitted 1857, to pay up his old debts, at the to the bar in 1848;- he was soon rate of two dollars for one; and of afterwards appointed Deputy At- seventy creditors, he only found torney-General for his native coun- four living, so that he had to hunt ty, which he held until 1850; and up and pay the heirs, which occuhe was elected a Representative in pied four months of his time. Congress, from Delaware, from 1851 to 1855. He was also a Delegate RIGGS, LEWIS. to the several National Conven- He was born in New York, and tions of 1844, 1848, and 1856. Now was a Representative in Congress, devoted to his profession. from that State, from 1841 to 1843. B I OGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 403 RIKER, SAMUEL. RITCHEY, THOMAS. He was a member of the New He was born in Pennsylvania, York Assembly, in 1784, and a and having settled in Ohio, was Representative in Congress, from elected a Representative in Conthat State, from 1804 to 1805, and gress, from that State, from 1847 again from 1807 to 1809. to 1849, and again from 1853 to 1855. RINGGOLD, SAMUEL. RITCHIE, DAVID He was a Representative in Con- He was born at Canonsburg, gress, from Maryland, from 1810 to Washington County, Pennsylvania, 1815, and again from 1817 to 1821 August 19, 1812; graduated at Jefferson College in 1829; adRIPLEY, ELEAZAR W. mitted to the bar, at Pittsburg, in He graduated at Dartmouth Col- 1835; received the degree of lege in 1800; studied law, and set- S.W.D. from the University of tied in the District of Maine; was Heidelberg, Germany, in 1837; Speaker of the IMtassachusetts House and has been a Representative, from of Representatives, in 1811; ac- Pittsburg, in the Thirty-third, quitted himself with credit as an Thirty-fourth, and Thirty-fifth Conofficer in the last war with Eng- gresses, and is a member of the 0 Committee on Foreign Affairs. land; removed to Louisiana, whence he was elected to Congress, serving RITTER, JOHN. from 1835 to the time of his death, hich occurred at New Orleans,:He was a Representative in Conwhich occurred at New Orleans, March 2, 1839, aged fifty-seven gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1843 to 1847, and died in Reading, Pennsylvania, November 24, 1851. RIPLEY, JAMES W. RIVERS, THOMAS. He was a Collector of Customs He was born in Tennessee, and for the Passamaquoddy District of He was born in Tennessee, and Maine; an officer in the late war was a Representative in Congress, with England, and a member of Con- from 1855 to 1857. gress, from Maine, from 1829 to RIVES FRANCIS E. 1831. He died in June, 1835. He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, RISLEY, ELIJAH. from that State, from 1837 to 1841. He was born in Connecticut, and was a Representative in Congress, RIVES, WILLIAM C. from New York, from 1849 to He was born in Nelson County, 1851. Virginia, May 4, 1793; was edu 404 [BIO GRAPHIIICAL S K ET C H E S. cated at Hampden Sidney and Wil- ROANE, JOHN T, liam and Mary Colleges; studied He was a Representative in Conlaw and politics under the direction ress, from Virginia, from 1809 to of Thomas Jefferson; was aid-de- 1815. camp in 1814 and 1815 with a body of militia and volunteers, ROANE, WILLIAM H. called out for the defence of Virginia; and was a member, in 1816, twice elected a member of the etwice elected a member of the Exeof the Staunton Convention, called cntive Council of that State; once to reform the State Constitution. a Delegate to the General Assema Delegate to the General AssemHe was elected to the Legislature bly; a Representative in Congress, of Virginia in 1817, 1818, and from 1815 to 1817; and a Senator 1819, from Nelson County; in 1819, from Nvelson County; in of the United States, from 1837 to 1822 to the same position from Al- 1841. He died at Tree Hill, near bemarle County; in 1823 he was.., elected a Representative in Congress, and he served for three suc- ROBBINS, GEORGE R. cessive terms; in 1829 he was apBorn near Allentown, Monmouth pointed, by President Jackson, County, New Jersey, September County, [New Jersey, September Minister to France.; on his return 24, 1812; graduated at the Jefferin 1832 he was elected a Senator in son Medical College, Philadelphia, Congress, and resigned in 1834; in 1837, and pursued the practice was re-elected in 1835, and served of medicine, until his election to to the end of the term, in 1839; in the House of Representatives, du1840 was elected to the Senate, for ring the Thirty-fourth Congress, a third term, where he remained and was re-elected to the Thirtyuntil 1845. In 1849 he was a fifth, and is a member of the Comsecond time appointed Minister to mittee on Invalid Pensions. France, and returned in 1853, when he finally retired from political life. BOBBINS, JOHN, JR. He was born in Pennsylvania, itOANE, JOIIN. and was a Representative in ConHe was born in Virginia; and gress, from that State, from 1849 was a Representative in Congress, to 1855. from that State, from 1827 to 1831, and for a third term, from 1835 to ROBERTS, ANTHONY E. 1837. Born in Chester County, Pennsylvania, October, 1803, but reROANE, JOHN J. moved with his parents to Lancaster He was a Representative in Con- County, in his infancy; he regress, from Virginia, his native ceived a common school education, State, from 1831 to 1833. and commenced life as a merchant. BIO GRAP H I CAL SKETCH E S. 405 In 1839 he was elected Sheriff of 1817 to 1821. He was a member of Lancaster County, and held the the Legislature, and Spealier of the office till 1842. In 1 849 he was House four sessions, ending in 1827. appointed, by President Taylor, In 1828 he was Secretary of State, Marshal of the Eastern District of and the same year chosen Judge of Pennsylvania, and remained in that the Court of Appeals, and in 1829 position until 1853, and collected commissioned Chief Justice of Kenthe statistics for the Seventh Cen- tucky, which position he resigned sus of that District. He was a Re- in 1843, and resumed the practice presentative in the Thirty-fourth of law in Lexington, in 1835. He Congress, and re-elected to the was Professor of law in TransylThirty-fifth, and is a member of the vania University for twenty-three Committee on the Militia. years, and is still engaged in teaching law. Hie has repeatedly deROBERTS, JONATHAN. dined important offices, including Born in 1771, and early in the missions to Colombia and Peru. present century was elected to both branches of the Legislature of ROBERTSON, JOHN. Pennsylvania; was a Representa- He was born in Virginia, and tive in Congress, from 1811 to was a Representative in Congress, 1814, and an advocate of the war from that State, from 1834 to 1839. of 1812. From 1814 to 1821 he was a Senator of the United States; ROBERTSON, THOMAS B. and in 1841 he was appointed Collector of the port of Philadelphia, He was a Representative in Conby President Harrison. e died gress, from Louisiana, from 1812 by President Harrison. He died in Philadelphia, July, 1854. to 1818, having been the first member elected under the State ConstiROBERTS, ROBERT W. tution. He was born in Delaware, and having settled in Mississippi, was elected a Representative in Con- He was born in Vermont, and gress, from 1843 to 1847. having settled in New York, was elected a Representative in ConROBERTSON, GEORGE. gress, from that State, from 1851 to Born in Mercer County,Kentucky, 1853. November 18, 1790, and completed his education in Transylvania Uni- ROBINS, ASHER. versity. He studied law, and com- Born in Weathersfield, Connectimenced to practice in 1809. In cut, in 1757. He held many im1816 he was elected a Representa- portant public positions, and was a tive in Congress, and served from leading Senator in Congress, from 406 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Rhode Island, from 1825 to 1839. Jay's Treaty. He died at BenningDied at Newport, Rhode Island, ton, May 26, 1813, aged seventyFebruary 25, 1845. two. ROBINSON, ORVILLE. ROBINSON EDWARD. ROBINSON, EDWARD. He was born in New York, and He was a Representative in Con- was a Representative in Congress, gress, from Maine, during the years from that State, from 1843 to 1845. 1838 and 1839. He also served four years in the Assembly of New York, from OsROBINSON, JOEIN L. wego County. He was born in Kentucky, and was a Representative in Congress, ROBINSON, THOMAS. from Indiana, from 1847 to 1853. He was a Representative in Congress, from Delaware, from 1839 to ROBINSON, JOHN MWI. 1841, and died in Sussex County, He was born in 1793, and was of that State, October 28, 1843. one of the early settlers of Illinois; and one of the Judges of the Su- ROBISON, DAVID F. preme Court of that State. He He was born in Pennsylvania, was a Senator in Congress, from and was a Representative in Con1830 to 1842, and died at Ottawa, gress, from that State, from 1855 Illinois, April 26, 1843. to 1857. ROBINSON, JONATHAN. ROCHESTER, WILLIAM B. He was appointed Chief Justice He was a man of legal acquireof Vermont in 1801, in the place of ments, much respected for his abiliJudge Smith, who resigned, and in ties, and a Representative in Con1806 was elected to succeed Mr. gress, from New York, from 1821 Smith as Senator in Congress, to 1823. He was lost, with many serving from 1807 to 1815. He others, off the coast of North Cadied at Bennington, November 3, rolina, by the explosion of the 1819, aged sixty-four. steamer Pulaski, June 15, 1838. ROBINSON, MOSES. ROCKHILL, WILLIAM. He was Governor of Vermont, He was born in New Jersey, and having succeeded Mr. Chittenden, having settled in Indiana, was electin 1789. He was a member of ed a Representative in Congress, the Senate of the United States from that State, from 1847 to 1849. under the Administration of President Adams, from 1791 to 1796. ROCKWELL, JOHN A. He was one of the minority who Born in Norwich, Connecticut; were opposed to the ratification of graduated at Yale College in 1824; BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 407 studied law; was at one time, RODMAN, WILLIAM. Judge of Probate, in New LonJudge of Probate, in New Lon- Born in Bensalem, Bucks County, don County; and was a Represen- Pennsylvania, October 7, 1757, his tative in Congress, from Connec- parents being of the Society of ticut, from 1847 to 1849. Friends. He received a liberal education; served in the revoluRO(CKWELL, JULIUS. tionary war as a soldier; under the call from Washington, he raised Born at Colebrook, Litchfield and commanded a company, durCounty, Connecticut, April 26, ing the "Wlisky Insurrection" in 1805. Entered Yale College in Western Pennsylvania; he was, for 1822, and graduated in 1826; stu- many years, in the Legislature of died law at the New Haven Law his native State; and he was a ReSchool, and was admitted to the presentative in Congress, from 1811 bar in Litchfield County, in 1829, to 1813. Ie died at the place of commencing to practice in 1830, at his birth, July 27, 1824. Pittsfield, Massachusetts. He was a member of the House of Repre- RODNEY, CIESAR A. sentatives, of Massachusetts, from 1834o183, andwHe was a Representative in Con1834 to 1838, and was Speaker, gress, from Delaware, from 1803 to from 1835 to 1838, and in that year,, 1805. lHe was appointed Attorneywas appointed Bank Commissioner,, General of the IUnited States, by and held the office three years. He President Jefferson President Jefferson, and in 1812 was a Representative in Congress, commanded a company of volunfrom 1847 to 1851,and United States. teers in defence of Baltimore. He Senator for two sessions, to succeed was a Senator of the United States, Mr. Everett. In 1853 he was a from 1821 to 1823, in which year member of the Convention to rehe was appointed United States vise the Constitution of Massachu- in Minister to Buenos Ayres. He died setts; and in 1858 was again elected June 10, 1824. to the House of Representatives of the State. RODNEY, DANIEL. He was a Representative in ConRODGERS, JAMrES. gress, from the State of Delaware, He was born in South Carolina; from 1822 to 1823, and a Senator graduated at the University of that in Congress, from 1826 to 1827. State in 1813; adopted the profession of law; and was a Represen- RODNEY, GEORGE B. tative in Congress, from that State, He was born in Delaware; grafrom 1835 to 1837, and again from duated at Princeton College in 1820; 1839 to 1843. and was a Representative in Con 408 BIO GRAP HICAL SKETCH ES. gress, from his native State, from lie is at the present time, President 1841 to 1845. of the HIagarstown Bank. ROGERS, CHARLES. ROOSEVELT, JAMES I. He was born in New York, and Born in the City of New York, was a Representative in Congress,; was educated at December, 1796; was educated at from that State, from 1843 to 1845.; studied law with Columbia College; studied law with He also served in the Assembly He also served in the Assemnbly Peter Augustus Jay, and was for Cof Nw York, from Washington several years his partner. In 1835 and 1840 he was a member of the ROGERS, EDWARD. State Legislature, and in 1842 and 1843 was a Representative in Con~He was born in Connecticut; gress, from New York City. lie dereceived a classical education, stu- lined a re-election, and went abroad died law, and settled in Madison in 1843. On his return he retired County, New York. He was, for from the practice of law to private many years, County Judge; and life; but was induced to accept the was a Representative in Congress, appointment of Judge of the Sufrom New York, from 1843 to 1845. preme Court of the State, in 1851. He died in Galway, Saratoga Coun- He was also for several years in early ty, New York, May 23, 1857, aged life, a member of the city governseventy years. ment. ROGERS, SION H. ROOT, ERASTUS. He was born in North Carolina, Born in Hebron, Connecticut and was a Representative in Con- March 16, 1772; graduated at Dartgress, from that State, from 1853 to mouth College in 1793; after which 1855. he taught school for some time and then studied law and settled in Delaware County, New York, in 1796. He was born in Waterford, Ire- He was a Representative in the Asland, and came to this country when sembly eleven years; Speaker of three years of age; was a Represen- the House three years; State Setative in Congress, from Pennsylva- nator eight years, and a Represennia, from 1818 to 1824. tative in Congress, from 1803 to 1805, from 1809 to 1811, 1812 to ROMAN, J:AMES D. 1813, 1815 to 1817, in which year He was born in Maryland; was he was appointed Postmaster at educated a lawyer; was a Presiden- Delhi, New York, and was re-elected tial Elector on two occasions; and to Congress, from 1831 to 1833. was a Representative in Congress, In 1822 he was chosen Lieutenantfrom that State, from 1847 to 1849. Governor of the State, and he was BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 409 also nmajor-general of militia. He in Congress, from 1794 to 1803, and died in New York City, December died at his residence near Pittsburg, 24, 1846. His intellect and tastes November 27, 1847. were highly cultivated. ROSS, JoHN. ROOT, JOSEPH M. He was a Representative in ConBorn in Caynga, New York, Oc- gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1809 tober 7, 1807; read law at Auburn, to 1811, and again from 1815 to and removed to Ohio in 1829; was 1818. appointed Prosecuting Attorney in ROSS, THOMAS. that State; in 1840 chosen to the Hewas a native of Pennsylvania; State Senate; and served as a Re- graduated at Princeton College in presentative in -Congress, from 1845 1825; and was a Representative in to 1851. He was for a time Chair- Congress, from that State, from man of the Committees on the Post- 1849 to 1853. office and Expenditures in the Trea- ROSS, THOMAS R. sury Department. He was born in Chester County, ROSE, ROBERT L. Pennsylvania, and was a, Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from Born in Geneva, New York, Oc- 1819 to 1825. tober 12, 1804; is a farmer by occupation; has held the office of Su- ROWAN, JOHN. pervisor for the town of Allen's He was born in Pennsylvania, Hill, and was a Representative in in 1773; emigrated to Kentucky Congress, from New York, from when quite young; he was a merm1847 to 1851. ber of the Convention which formed the Constitution of 1799; he was ROSE, ROBERT S. Secretary of State in 1804; elected He was a Representative in Con- a member of Congress, from 1807 gress, from the State of New York, to 1809; for many years a member from 1823 to 1827, and again from of the General Assembly; Judge 1829 to 1831. HI-e died at Water- of the Court of Appeals in 1819; loo, New York, November 24, 1835, and was a Senator in Congress, aged sixty-three years. from 1825 to 1831. His last public position was that of CommisROSS, HENRY H. sioner for carrying out a late treaty He was a Representative in Con- with Mexico. He died in Louisgress, from New York, from 1825 ville, Kentucky, July 13, 1843. to 1821. ROWE, PETER. ROSS, JAMES. He was a Representative in ConBorn about the year 1761, in gress, from New York, from 1853 Pennsylvania. He was a Senator to 1855. 410 BIOGRAPHIICAL SKETCHES. ROYCE, HOMER E. Court of Common Pleas for the Third Circuit. He was elected, by H3e was born in Berkshire, Ve.mont, in 1819; received a common the Legislature, a Senator of the XUnited States, from Ohio, serving school education; studied law, and United States, from Ohio was admitted to the bar in 1842; from 1815 to 1833; and from his was a member of the State Legis- well-known habits of industry and constant devotion to the interests lature in 1846 and 1847; was Proof his clients, he was called "The secuting Attorney for the State in, 1 Wheel-horse of the Senate." From 1848; a State Senator in 1849,, his youth he was a member of the 1850, and 1851; and was elected a Masonic fraternity. He died at Representative, from New York, to St. Clairsville Sptember 2 185 the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving n aged seventy-four years. as a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. He has also been RUGGLES, CHARLES H. re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress. He was a member of the New York Assembly in 1820, and a ReRUFFIN, THOMAS. presentative in Congress, from that Born in Edgecomb County, North State, from 1821 to 1823. Carolina; graduated at Chapel Hill University; is a lawyer by pro- RUGGLES, JOHN. fession, and served as Circuit Attor- He was well educated, but posney of the Seventh Judicial Circuit sessed a taste for the mechanic arts, of the State of Missouri, from De- and was a Senator in Congress, from cember, 1844, to December. 1848; Maine, from 1835 to 1841, and a and was elected a Representative, member of the Committee on Comfrom North Carolina, to the Thirty- merce. He took a special interest third, Thirty-fourth, and Thirty- in, and was the originator, when in fifth Congresses, and is a member Congress, of the idea of a reorganiof the Committees on Public Lands zation of the Patent-office, and the and on Accounts. very first patent granted after the reorganization, July 28, 1836, was RUGGLES, BENJAMIN. granted to him for a locomotive Born in Windham County, Con- steam-engine. necticut. He obtained the means for receiving a classical education RUGGLES, NATHANIEL. by teaching a school in winter. He He was a native of Massachustudied law, and after his admission setts; graduated at Harvard Unito the bar removed to Marietta, versity in 1781; was a IRepresenta: Ohio;'he subsequently settled at tivein Congress, from Massachusetts, St. Clairsville; and in 1810 was from 1813 to 1819, and died near elected President Judge of the the close of the latter year. B I OGRAP I CAL SKETCHES. 411 RUMSEY, DAVID. last office he resigned early in 1842. In 1845 he was President of the He was born in [New York, and Convention that consummated the was a Representative in Congress, annexation of Texas to the United from that State, from 1841 to 1851. States. Upon the admission of RUMSEY, EDWARD. Texas into the Union he was elected one of the Senators in the Congress He was born in Kentucky, and was one of the Senators in the Congress of the United States, in which office a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1839. he served two terms, and was elected for the third term. He RUNK, JOHN. was Chairman of the Committee on the Post-office. He took a deep IHe was born in New Jersey, and interest in the wagon-road to the was a Representative in Congress, fr a Se ofrm 15 18 Pacific, and the overland mail. At from that State, from 1845 to 1841. the time of his death, which ocRUSK, THOMAS J. curred in Nacogdoches, Texas, July 29, 1856, he was President, pro He was born in South Carolina; [tem., of the Senate. In a moment studied law, and practiced with suc- of insanity, cause by overwhelming cess in Georgia. In the early part grief at the death of his wife, he of 1835 he removed to Texas, and too his own life, aged fifty-four. was a prominent actor in all the important events in the history of RUSS, JOHN. the Republic and State of Texas. p I-n Elte was a native of Ipswich, MasHe was a member of the Conven-t tion that declared Texas an inde- sachusetts, and was a Representative in Congress, from Connecticut, pendent Republic, in March, 1836; tive in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1819 to 1823. was the first Secretary of War; participated in the battle of San RUSSELL, DAVID. Jacinto, and took command of the army after General Houston was He was born in Massachusetts, wounded. He continued in com- and was a Representative in Conmand of the army until the organi- gress, from New York, from 1835 zation of the Constitutional Govern- to 1841. He was also in the Asment, in October, 1836, when he was sembly of that State, in 1816 and again appointed Secretary of War, 1830, from Washington County. and resigned after a few months. He afterwards commanded several RUSSELL, JAMES M. expeditions against the Indians; He was born in Pennsylvania, served as a member of the House of and was a Representative in ConRepresentatives, and as Chief Jus- gress, from that State, from 1842 to tice of the Supreme Court, which 1843. 412 BI G RAPH ICAL SKETCE S. RUSSELL, JEREMIAH. RUST, ALBERT. He was born in New York, and Hle was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, removing to Arkansas, was a Refrom that State, from 1843 to 1845. presentative in Congress, from that State, from 1855 to 1857. RUSSELL, JOHN. He was a Representative in Con- RUTHERFORD, JOHN. gress, from New York, from 1805 He was a native of New York to 1809. City; a nephew of William Alexander, Earl of Stirling; graduated RUSSELL, JONATHAN. at New Jersey College in 177 6; He was a Representative in Con- was educated a lawyer; was one of gress,from Massachusetts, from 1821 the first Presidential Electors, and to 1823. a Senator of the United States, from New Jersey, from 1791 to RUSSELL, JOSEPH. 1798; and was the last survivor of He was a Representative in Con- the Senators in Congress, during gress, from New York, from 1845 the administration of Washington. to 1847. He early retired from public life, and, being one of the largest landRUSSELL, SAMUEL. holders in New Jersey, was actively He was born in Pennsylvania, engaged in agricultural and interand was a Representative in Con- nal improvements. He died at gress, from that State, from 1853 to Ederston, New Jersey, February 1855. 23, 1840, in the eightieth year of his age. RUSSELL, WILLIAM. He was born in Ireland, and hav- RUTHERFORD, ROBERT. ing emigrated to Ohio, was a Rep- He was a Representative in Conresentative in Congress, from that gress, from Virginia, from 1793 to State, from 1827 to 1833, and again 1797. from 1841 to 1843. RUTLEDGE, JOHN. RUSSELL, WILLIAM F. He was born in Ireland; emiBorn in Saugerties, Ulster Coun- grated in 1735 to South Carolina; ty, New York; was a merchant for studied law in England, and, returntwenty years, and a member of the ing to South Carolina in 1761, took Legislature of New York, in 1850, an active part in the revolutionary serving one term; was elected a Re- cause, and was a Delegate to the presentative, from New York, in the Continental Congress. In 1776 Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the he was appointed President of South Committee on Indian Affairs. Carolina, and commander-in-chief BIOG RAPHICAL S K ETC a HE S. 413 of that Colony. He was Governor can Fisheries,"' and "Notes on Duels of the State in 1779; a Represen- and Dueling," and has been a contative in Congress, from 1797 to tributor to the North American 1803; and, after having been Judge Review. The degree of A.M. was of the Court of Chancery, Chief conferred upon him by Bowdoin Justice of South Carolina, Judge and Harvard Colleges. of the Supreme Court of the United States, was finally promoted to the SACKETT, WILLIAM A. position of Chief Justice, in which Born in New York, and was a capacity he died in 1800. Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1853, and RYALL, D. B. was a member of the Committee on He was born in New Jersey, and Revolutionary Pensions. was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 1841. SAGE, EBENEZER. tie graduated at Yale College in SABIN, ALOAIH. 1778, and was a Representative in He was born in Vermont, and Congress, from New York, from was a RIepresentative in Congress, 1809 to 1815, and again from 1819 from that State, from 1853 to 185T. to 1820. IHe died in 1834. SABINE, LORENZO. SAGE, RUSSELL. He was born in Lisbon, New Born in Oneida County, New Hampshire, February 28, 1803; was York, August 4, 1816; received a entirely self-educated; was bred a common school education; commerchant; was for many years a menced active life as clerk in a store bank officer, and is at the present at Troy, and until 1853 was wholly time Secretary of the Boston Board devoted to mercantile pursuits. In of Trade. He was three times 1841 he was elected an alderman in elected to the Legislature of Maine, the City of Troy, and, by annual from Eastport, and was at one time elections, served seven years in that Deputy Collector of the port of capacity; he was also Treasurer of Passamaquoddy. I-e has held, in Rensselaer County for seven years, Massachusetts, the position of Con- in which office he was especially fidential Agent of the Treasury De- popular; and he was a Representapartment; and was a:Representa- tive in Congress, from New York, tive, from that State, to the Thirty- from 1853 to 1857, serving on the second Congress. He has devoted Committees on Invalid Pensions much of his time to literary pursuits, and on Ways and Means. He was and is the author of "Life of Com- the first man who advocated, on the modore Preble," "The American floor of Congress, the purchase by Loyalists," "Report on the Ameri- the General Government of Mount 414 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Vernon, and he was among the made a bequest of valuable books most active supporters of Mr. Banks to Phillips's Academy, at Exeter, for the office of Speaker of the where he commenced his education. House of Representatives. He is He died at Salem, Massachusetts, at the present time wholly devoted May 8, 1845. to his private affairs. SAMMONS, THOMAS. SAILLY, PETER. He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, fromnt 1803 He was born in Loraine, France gress, from New York, from 1803 y I to 1807, and again from 1809 to first came to the United States in 180, and agin fom 1809 to 1783, and settled in Clinton County, New York. Having been well SAMPLE, SAMUEL C. educated, and possessing a decided talent for business, he acquired con- was born in Maryland, and siderable influence, and held several was a epresentative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1843 to 1845. offices of public trust in his adopted State. He was a Representative SAMPSON ZABDIEL. in Congress, from New York, from 1805 to 1807, and on his retirement He was born in Plynpton, Masfrom that position, he was appoint- sachusetts; graduated at Brown ed, by President Jefferson, Collec- University in 1803, and adopted tor of Customs for the District of the profession of law. He was a Champlain, holding the office until Representative in Congress, from his death, which occurred at Platts- his native State, from 1817 to 1819; burg, in 1826. and in 1820 he was appointed Collector of Customs at Plymouth, SALTONSTALL, LEVER]ETT. where he died, while in office, July 19, 1828. Born in Massachusetts in 1781; graduated at Harvard College in SAMUEL, GREEN B. 1802; commenced the practice of Born in Virginia, and was electlaw in Salem in 1805, and was dis- ed a Representative in Congress, tinguished as a lawyer; he fre- 1839 to 1841. quently served in the State Legislature, and was a Representative in SANDFORD, JOHN. Congress, from 1839 to 1843. He He was a native of New York, was also all active member of the and was a Representative in ConAmerican Academy of Arts and gress, from that State, from 1841 Sciences, and of the Massachusetts to 1843, and a member of the New Historical Society, and the degree York Senate, in the extra session of Doctor of Laws was conferred of 1851. He died in Amsterdam, upon him by Harvard College, to Montgomery County, New York, which he left a legacy, and he also October, 1857. B I O GRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 415 SANDFORD, JONAH. SANDS, JOSHUA. He was a member of the New HIe was a member of the New York Assembly in 1827 and 1830, York Senate, from King's County, from the County of St. Lawrence, from 1792 to 1799, and a Repreand was a Representative in Con- sentative in Congress, from 1803 to gress, from 1830 to 1831. 1804, and again from 1825 to 1827. SANDIDGE, JOHN M. SAPP, WILLIAM R. Born in Franklin County, Geor- SAPP, WILLIAM gia, January 7, 1817; is a planter He was born in Ohio, and was a by occupation, and served as mem- Representative in Congress, from ber of the Legislature of Louisiana from 1846 to 1855. In 1852 he was a member of the Convention that SAUNDERS, ROMULUS M. framed the present Constitution of Born in Caswell County, North that State; Speaker of the House Carolina, March, 1791. He rein 1854 and 1855; and elected a,, Representative to the Thirty-fourth ceived an academical education, and spent two years in the uniand Thirty-fifth Congresses, and is versity of that State. He studied Chairman of the Committee on Prilaw in Tennessee, and was admitted vate Land Claims. to practice there in 1812. He reSANFORD, JAMES T. turned to North Carolina; was in the House of Commons from 1815 He was a Representative in Conto 1820, and for two years Speaker gress, from Tennessee, from 1823 to of the House. He was a eape1825, of the House. He was a RepreSAN NATH1825. AN.sentative in Congress, from 1821 SANFORD, NATHAN. to 1827, and from. 1841 to 1845. He was a native of New York, In 1828 he was Attorney-General and held successively the public po- of the State; in 1833 was Presisitions of Speaker of the New York dent of the Board of CommissionAssembly, District Attorney of the ers to settle the claims of American United States for his State, United citizens under the Treaty of July 4, States Senator from 1815 to 1821, 1831, with France; in 1835 he was Chancellor of the State, and was elected a Judge of the Supreme again a Senator in Congress, from Court; in 1846 he was appointed, 1825 to 1831. He died on Long by President Polk, Minister to Island, in October, 1838. Spain, where he remained four years; on his return, he was again SAhNFORD, THOIMAS. elected to the Legislature of North He was a Representative in Con- Carolina, and since then has been gress, from Kentucky, from 1803 to devoting much attention to the rail1807. road improvements of the State. 416 BIOG RAPHICAL SKETCHES. SAVAGE, JOHN. 1849; he was re-elected in 1851; He was a member of the New declined being a candidate in 1853; York Assembly in 1814; and from and was re-elected in 1855 and 1815 to 1819 a Representative in 1857. He is a member of the Congress, from that State. HEe Committee on Military Affairs. subsequently held the positions of District Attorney, Comptroller of SAWTELLE, CULLEN. the State, Chief Justice of the SuHe was born in Maine; graduapreme Court, and Treasurer of the ted at Bowdoin College in 1825; ted at Bowdoin College in 1825; United States for lnew York. and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1845 SAVAGE, JOHN H. to 1847, and again from 1849 to He is a native of Warren Coun- 1851. ty, Tennessee; during his minority he volunteered as a private soldier SAWYER, LEMUEL. under General Gaines to defend the Texan frontier, also served during s born in Camden County, a campaign in Florida. He after- North Carolina, in 1; educated wards studied law, and commenced; studied practice, in 183, at Smithville, law; was in the State Legislature in 1801 andvoted intheElectoral Tennessee. He was elected colonel 01; and voted in the College for Thomas Jefferson in of the Tennessee militia; was elected 1804. He was elected a Repreby the Legislature Attorney-General of the Fourth District of his sentative to Congress, in 1801, servState in 1841, and held the office ing until 1813; and subsequently until 1847'. During that year he served in the same capacity, from received from President Polk the 1817 to 1823, and from 1825 to 1829. About the year 1850, he reappointment of major in the 14th Regiment United States Infantry, moved to Washington, and held a and joining the American army in clerkship in one of the Departments. Mexico, was present at the battles mets. of Contreras, Cherrubusco and MoSAWYER, S. T lina del Rey, and was wounded at Chapultepec. He was promoted He was born in North Carolina, to the position of lieutenant-co- and was a Representative in Conlonel, and as such, had command of gress, from that State, from 1837 his regiment, after the death of to 1839. Colonel Graham, until the close of the war. On returning to Ten- SAWYER, WILLIAM. nessee, he resumed the practice of Born in Ohio, and was a Reprehis profession, and was first elected sentative in Congress, from that a Representative in Congress, in State, from 1845 to 1849. ]BIOG RAPHICAL S IKE T C H E S. 417 SAY, BENJAMIN. I New Jersey, from 1833 to 1837. He was a Representative in Con- He was a member, in 1844, of the Convention to revise the State Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1808 to 1809. stitution, and was soonI after elected a Judge of the Court of Errors, SCALES, ALFREPD Al., Ja. which position he held for eight He was born in Rockingham years. County, North Carolina, November SCHIENCK, ROBERT C. 26, 1827; was educated chiefly at Born in Franklin, WTarren Counthe Chapel Hill University; adopt- ty,.Ohio, October 4, 1809; graed the profession of law, and was duated with high honors at the admitted to the bar in 1851; was Miami University in 1827, where elected to the Legislature of North he remained one or two years as a Carolina in 1852 and 1856; and in tntor; he studied law and was ad1857 he was elected a Representa- mitted to the bar in 1831, and settive, from his native State, to the tied in Dayton, where he has since Thirty-fifth Congress, and is a mem- resided. In 1840 he was elected ber of the Committee on the Dis- to the Ohio Legislature; re-elected trict of Columbia. in 1842; and was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1843 SCAMT:M\JON, JOHN F. to 1851, serving on many comHe was born in Maine, and was mittees, and during the Thirtieth a Representative in Congress, from Congress, as Chairman of the that State, from 1845 to 1847. Committee on Roads and Canals. On his retirement from Congress, SCHI-ENCKD, ABR!AE1hAM II. President Fillmore tendered to him He was a member of the New the appointment of Minister to York Assembly in 1804, 1805, and Brazil, which he accepted, and 1806; and a Representative in Con- during his residence in South Amegress, from that State, from 1815 rica took part in negotiating a to 1817. number of treaties. -IHe returned home in 1853, since which time he SCI IENLCI, FIRDINA&ND ~S I,has taken no special interest in poliBorn in Middlesex County, New I tics, but is extensively engaged in Jersey, February 11, 1790; he re- the railway business, being preceived a common school education; sident of a company owning the and, having studied medicine, has line between Fort Wayne and the been devoted to the practice ever Mississippi River. since. In 1829 he was elected to the State Legislature, and re-elect- SCHERMERFIORN, ABRAHAM M. ed in 1830 and 1831, and was a He was a Representativein ConRepresentative in Congress, from gress, from New York, from 1849 27 418 3B I o G RAP HI CAL SKETCHES. to 1853, and died in Rochester, SCHOONMAKER, MARIIUS. RNew YXork, August 22, 1855. Born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from SCHLEY, WILLIAM. that State, from 1.851 to 1853. Born in Frederick City, Mary- SCHUREIAN, JAMES. land, December 15, 1786. He received an academical education in He wasa prominent man in New Jersey, during the Revolution, and Georgia; studcied law, and was admitted to the bar at Augusta, in was a graduate of Queen's College. mitted to tthe bar at Augusta, in. ie was a Representative in Con1812; continued the practice of his gress, from New Jersey, from 1789 profession until 1825, when he was from 1 to 1791, and from.1797 to 1799; elected a Judge of the Superior 99 Court' of the Middle District of Senator in Congress, from e was elected to the to 1801; and again a RepresentaState ILegislature in 1830, and was tive, from 1813 to 1815. He was SaLesa i nd w also, at one time, Mayor of New a Representative in Congress, from also, at one time, 1833 to 1835, and during the two Brunswick. following years was Governor of SCHUREMAN, IMJARTIN G. Georgia. He published a "Digest of the English Statutes."' He was a Representative in ConI-Ie was, when Governor, one of the gress, from New York, from 1805 most active supporters of the YWest- to 1807. ern and Atlantic Railroad, and at the time of his death was President of the Medical College of Georgia. He was a Representative in ConHe died at Augusta, Georgia, [No- gress, from NTew York, from 1817 vember 20, 1858. to 1819, and died in New York City, February 21, 1835, aged sixtyseven years. SCH-OOLCRAFT, JOHN L. SCHUYLER, PHILIP. Born in [New York, and was a SCHUYLER, PHILIP. Representative in Congress, from Was a native of Albany, New that State, from 1849 to 1853. York. He was appoiated majorgeneral in the army of the Revolution in 1775, and dispatched to the SCHOONMAKIER, CORNELIUS C. fortifications in the north of New 1-le was a Representative in Con- York, to prepare for the invasion of gress, from New York, from 1791 Canada. By the loss of his health, to 1793, and was for fourteen years, the command soon devolved upon before and after the above term, a ~Montgomery. On his recovery, he member of the New York Assem- directed the operations against bly, from the County of Ulster. Burgoyne, and in consequence of B I O G RAPHICAL SKETCHES. 419 the evacuation of Ticonderoga, he a Representative in Congress, from unreasonably fell under some suspi- the same State, from 1821 to 1827. cion, and was superseded in command by General Gates. Hie after- SCOTT, JOHN. wards rendered important services, He was a Representative in Conthough not in command. -le was gress, from Huntingdon County, a Delegate to Congress previous Pennsylvania, from 1829 to 1831. to the present Constitution, and a Senator of the United States, from SCOTT, THOMAS. 1789 to 1791. He died at Albany He was a Representative in Conin 1804, aged seventy-three. in 1804, aged seventy-three. gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1789 to 1791, and again from 1793 to SCOTT, CHARLES L. 1795. He was born in Richmond, Virginia, January 23, 1837; graduated SCUDDER, TREADWELL. at William and Mary College; He was for six years a member studied law, and formed a partner- of the New York Assembly, and a ship with his father in the practice Representative in Congress, from of his profession, at Richmond. New York, from 1817 to 1819. In 1849 he embarked, as a member of the Madison Mining and Trad- SCUDDER, ZENO. ing Company, for California. In He filled with credit various pub1851 he abandoned the mines, and lie positions. He was President of resumed the practice of law in the Massachusetts Senate, and a Tuolurmne County, California. I-e Representative in Congress, from was elected a Representative in 1851 to 1854, when he was comthe Thirty-fifth Congress, from Cali- pelled, by failing health, to resign fornia, and is a member of the Con- his seat. He was a good lawyer, mittees on Indian Affairs, and on enjoyed the confidence and respect Post-offices and Post-roads. of the community in which he lived, and died at Barnstable, MassachuSCOTT, HENRY D. - setts, June 26, 1857. He was born in Ohio, and having removed to Indiana, was elected a SCURRY, RICHARDSON. Representative to the Thirty-fourth Born in Tennessee, and was electCongress, from that State. ed a Representative in Congress, from Texas, from 1851 to 1853. SCOTT, JOHN. He was born in Queen Ann SEAMAN, HENRY J. County, Maryland, was a Delegate IHe was born in New York, and to Congress, from the Territory of was a Representative in Congress, Missouri, from 1816 to 1821, and from that State, from 1845 to 1847. 420 B IO GRAPHICAL SKETCHES. SEARING, JOHN A. SEDDON, JASIES A. Born in Queen's County, New He was born in Virginia, and York, May 14, 1814. His father was elected a Representative in died when he was young, and he Congress, from that State, from was educated at the common schools 1845 to 1847, and again from 1849 of New York, by his grandparents. to 1851. He was bred a farmer, held several public positions previously to his,SEDGWICK, THEODORE. election as a member of the State Legislature in 1853, and was chosen Was born at West Hartford, a Representative to the Thirty- Connecticut, in May, 1746. He was fifth Congress, serving on the Comn- educated at Yale College, but did mittees of Revolutionary Pensions not graduate. On leaving this inand Accounts. stitution, he commenced the study of theology, but soon relinquished SEAVE~R, lEBENEZER. it, and studied law, and was admitBorn in 1763, graduated at Hiar- ted to the bar before reaching the vard University in 1784; and was age of twenty-one. He commenced a Representative in Congress, from to practice at Great Barrington, Massachusetts, from 1803 to 1813. Massachusetts, then settled at ShefHe died in Roxbury, Massachu- field, and afterwards at Stockbridge, setts, March 1, 1844. in the same county. He was a zealous patriot in the revolutionary SEBASTIAN, W. aK. war. He was a member of the Born in Vernon, Tennessee, and Provincial Congress, in 1785 and educated at Columbia College, in 17860; and a Representative in that State. He settled as a lawyer Congress, after the adoption of the in Arkansas, in 1835, and was soon Constitution, from 1789 to 1796. after appointed Prosecuting Attor- I-e was a Senator of the United ney, and held the office until 1837; States, from 1796 to 1798. In he was Circuit Judge from 1840 to 1799 he was again a member of the 1842, and was appointed in the H-ouse, and was chosen Speaker. latter year Supreme Judge. He From 1802 until his death, he was was a State Senator, and President a Judge of the Supreme Court of of the body in 1843; and Presi- Massachusetts. He died at Boston, dential Elector in 1848. He was January 24, 1813. He received the a'United States Senator, from 1848 degree of LL.D. from Princeton to 1852, and re-elected for a term and Cambridge; as a statesman of six years; he is Chairman of the and jurist, he was highly valued by Committee on Indian Affairs, and his country. His life was in an a member of the Committee on uncommon degree varied and acTerritories. tive; his industry was unwearied, BIOGRAP I CAL SKETCHES. 421 and an ardent enthusiasm was the SEMPLE, JAMES. basis of his character. lHe was a Senator in Congress, from Illinois, from 1843 to 1847. SELDEN, DUDLEY. Formerly a prominent member of SENEY, JOSHUA. the New York bar, and a Represen- He was a Representative in Contative in Congress, from New York, gress, from Maryland, from 1789 to from 1833 to 1835. He died in 1792. Paris, France, November 7, 1855. SENTER, WILLIAM T. SEMMES, BENEDICT J. Born in Granger County, TenWas born in Charles County, nessee, in 1802, and died there Maryland, November 1, 1789. He August 28, 1849. He was a Rewas bred to the profession of medi- presentative in Congress, from that cine, and graduated at the Medical State, from 1843 to 1845. School in Baltimore, about the year 1811. He settled in Piscataway, SERGEANT, JOHN. Miaryland, where he acquired an ex- He was born in Philadelphia in tensive practice, but subsequently 1'79; graduated at Princeton Colrelinquished his profession. In the lege in 1795; he was for a short year 1821 he was elected to the time a clerk in a store, but studied State Legislature; was again elected law, and was admitted to the bar in in 1825, 1827, and 1828, and during 1799. His first appointment was one session was chosen Speaker of that of Prosecutor for the Commonthe House of Delegates. In 1821 wealth, which he held several years. he introduced and carried through, lie was for more than half a cena bill for removing religious tests, tury known and honored for his exas applicable to office in Maryland. traordinary ability in his profession In 1829 he was elected to Congress, of the law, for his habitual courfrom the district composed of Prince tesy, his liberal fairness, and his inGeorge and Anne Arundel Counties, tegrity. Elected to Congress, he and the City of Annapolis. He served there from 1815 to 1823, was re-elected in 1831, but his from 1827 to 1829, and from 1837 health soon after failing, he found to 1842. He was especially famous it necessary to retire, at a time for his part in the great Missouri when there was no opposition to Compromise of 1820. For the Pahim in his district. I-le again nama Congress, Mr. Sergeant was served in the State Legislature in selected by President Adams to re1842 and 1843, since which time present the United States. The he has lived in retirement on his measures of international law which estate, in the County of Prince were proposed to be settled in that George. Congress were deemed so important, 0 zn~~~~~~~~~~~~~ NJrlV VI4~ V LII LCCCII 422 B IOGRAP HICAL SKETCH ES. that Mr. Clay, the Secretary of was frequently a member of the State, had filled eighty pages of in- Maine Legislature, and, by Presistructions to Mr. Sergeant on the dent Taylor, was appointed Comsubject. In 1832 MIr. Sergeant missioner to the Sandwich Islands. was the Whig candidate for Vice- HIe died of a cancer, January 25, President, being upon the same 1855, at Augusta, lMaine. ticket with Henry Clay. Fortynine electoral votes were cast for SEVIER, AMBROSE IH. these candidates. At the outset of Born in Tennessee, in 1802. He Harrison's administration, Mr. Ser- had few early advantages of educageant was tendered the mission to tion, but he relied on. his own enerEngland, which he declined. In gies, and removed to the Territory the cause of charity he was never of Arkansas, where, before the age appealed to in vain; and for many of twenty-one, he was admitted to years before his death, took an active the bar as an attorney. He was interest in all the public affairs of first elected Clerk of the Legislahis native city. He died in Phila- ture, and so soon as he was eligible, delphia, November 23, 1852. was elected a member of that body, first in 1823, and again in 1825. SETTLE, THOMAS. From 1827 to 1836 he was a DeleIHe was born in Rockinughbam gate to Congress, from Arkansas, CC and when the Territory became a County, North Carolina. He was State, in 1236, he was elected a a Representative in the State Le-,, Senator in Congress. He was gislature of that State in 1815, and in 1826, 1827, and 1828, at Chairman, for many years, of the Committee on Indian Affairs, and which last session he was Speaker of the House of Commons. He afterwards of the Committee on of the House of Commons. He Foreign Relations. Ie resigned was a Representative in Congress r fromn 1817 to 1821. In 1832 he his seat in the Senate in 1848, to was chosen Juge of the Supeior accept the appointment, from President Polk of a special mission to Court of Law and Equity, and held the office for twenty years, when he Mexico, to negotiate a peace. He resigned. He was highly esteemed possess far hismayvrtes of his constituents and party. Iie far his many virtues. lHe died in Roiagham County, Augst, died at Little Rock, December 21, Rockingham County, August 5, 1848. 1857, aged sixty-five. SEVIER, JOHN. SEVERANCE, LUThI:ER. A native of Tennessee; was an He was the founder and editor of officer in the revolutionary war, the Kfennebecec Journal, and a and distinguished himself ill the batRepresentative in Congress, from tle at King's Mountain, in 1780. MIaine, from 1843 to 1847. He For his services, on that occasion, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETC E S. 423 the Legislature of North Carolina, their candidate for Governor of the in 1813, voted him a sword. Hie State, but failed of an election. In commanded the forces which defeat- 1838, however, on a second nominaed the Creek and Cherokee Indians, tion for the same office, he was in 1789. He was afterwards a elected, and entered upon the disgeneral in the Provisional army, and charge of his duties in January, in 1793 Governor of Tennessee; he 1839. During the four years that was a Representative in Congress, he held that office, he upheld the from 1811 to 1815, and was then system of internal improvements, appointed one of the Commissioners and devoted himself to reforming to ascertain the boundary line, and and improving the system of public died while engaged in that service, education. His plan for taking the at Fort Decatur, in October, 1815. management of the public schools in New York out of the hands of SEWALL, SAMUEL. the Public School Society, and subjecting them to the control of the Born in Boston, December 11, 1757. ~He grad nated at Harvard State, caused considerable feeling on College in 1776; was a lawyer by the subject at the time, andc gave rise Co in I., r by to an animated contest between the profession, and settled at Marblehead; in 1'96 was elected a epre- Protestants, who maintained the exsentative in Congress, serving till isting system, and the n Ctho1800, and was distinguished in that lies, who favored the change. On the body by his knowledge of fommer- expiration of his second term ofoffice, l l. hi 10e w ped Mr. Seward declined to be a candicial law. In 1800 he was placed upon. the bench of the Sapreme date for re-election, and resumed the Court of IMassachusetts, -and ia 1813 practice of his profession at Auburn, was appointed Chief Justice. He in 1843. He had an extensive pracwas appointed Chief Justice. te died at Wiscasset, June 8, 1814, tice, chiefly ia the Federal courts. when.the gentlemen of the bar In March, 1849, he was chosen erected a monument to his memory. United States Senator for six years, and took his seat at the extra sesSEW.ATtD, WILLIAM HT. sion called to consider the nominations of President Taylor. -He was Born in Florida, Orange County, re-elected in 1855, and still holds New York, in 1801. He graduated the position. at Union College in 1820; was admitted to the bar in 1822, and enSEYBERT, ADAMI. tered upon the practice of his profession at Auburn, in his native He was a citizen of Philadelphia, State, the following year. In 1830 and a Representative in Congress, he was elected to the New York from Pennsylvania, from 1809 to Senate for four years. In 1834 he 1815, and again from 1817 to 1819. was nominated by the Whig party He died at Paris, May 2, 1825, be 424 B I O G RAPHE I(CAL SKETCHES. queathing $1000 for educating the the MIiddletown Military Academy; deaf and dumb, and $500 to the Or- studied law and practiced the prophan Asylum in Philadelphia. He fession; was a Judge of Probate; was a man of science, and was par- a Representative in Congress, from ticularly skillful as a chemist and Connecticut, from 1843 to 1845; in mineralogist. He published Statis- 1846 went to Mexico as a major of tical Annals of the United States, the New England Regiment and C as from 1789 to 1818. with General Scott at the City of Mexico; he was elected to the State SEYMIOUR, DAVID L. Senate in 1850, and re-elected three HIe was a member of the New times; and was appointed, by PreYork Assembly in 1836, from Rens- sident Pierce, Minister to Russia, selaer County, and a Representative which position he continues to oein Congress, from 1843 to 1845. cupy. SEY'MiOUR, DAVID L. SEYMOUR, WILLIAM. Born in Connecticut, and was a He was born in Connecticut, Representative of that State, in served as a member of the New Congress, from 1851 to 1853. York Assembly, in 1832 and 1834, and was a RPepresentative in ConSEYNMOUR, HORATIO. gress, from 1835 to 1837. Born in Litchfield, Connecticut, _May 31, 1778; graduated at Yale SIHADWICK, WTTILLIAM. College in 1797; studied law at the IHe was a member of Congress, Litchfield school, and settled in }Mid- from North Carolina, during the dlebury, Vermont. H-Ie was a Judge years 179G and 1797. of Probate, mem-Lber of the Council, and a Senator in Congress, from SHANNON, THONMAS. 1821 to 1833. Hle died at Middle- He was a Representative in Conbury, November 21, 1857. gress, from Ohio, from 1826 to 1827. SEYMOUR, ORIGEN S. SHIANNON, WILSON. He was born in Litchfield, Con-NON, WILSON. necticut, in 1804; was bred a law- He was born in Belmont County, yer; has been in the State Legisla- Ohio, February 24, 1802; educated ture, and served as Speaker in 1850; at Athens College, in Ohio, and and was a Representative in Con- Transylvania University, in Kengress, from Connecticut, from 1851 tucky; adopted the profession of to 1855. law, and in 1835 was Prosecuting Attorney for the State of Ohio; SEYMOUP, THOMAS II. was elected Governor of Ohio in Hle was born in Hartford, Con- 1837, and again in 1842; by Presinecticut, in 1808; was educated at dent Tyler, was appointed Miinister BIOGRAPH ICAL SK E T CHE s. 425 to Maexico; and was a Representa- culit of Illinois, alnd was a member of tive in Congress, from Ohio, from the State IIouse of Representatives, 1853 to 1855. In 1855 he was ap- in 1849-50. He was elected a Repointed, by President Pierce, Go- presentative to the Thirty-fifth Convernor of the Territory of Kansas. gress, from Illinois, serving as a member of the Committee on the SHARPE, PETER. Militia. He was a member of the Assem- SHAW, HENRY. bly of New York, from 1814 to lie was born in WVindlham Coun1820, officiating a nunmber of sesty, Vermont; studied law with sions as Speaker; he was also a Judge Foot in Albany, New York, member of the State Constitutional Judge Foot, in Albany, New York, and settled to practice in LanesboConvention of 1821; a Representa- rough, Berkshire County, Iassative inl Congress, firom 1823 to 1825; u,, chusetts, at the age of twenty-two; and a member of the Tariff Conand a member of the Tariff Con- he was nominated for Congress bevention held in 1827. fore he was eligible, and was subsequently elected, in 1816, to the SixSIIARPE, SOLOMON P. teenth Congress, and voted for the He was born in Virginia, but re- Missouri Compromise, which premoved to Kentucky, when a child; vented his re-election. He was an he received a limited education, but intimate friend of Henry Clay, and studied law, and was admitted to was a personal friend and acquaintthe bar when nineteen years of age, ance of ten of the Presidents of the and was successful; he served a United States. He was a member number of years in the State Legis- of the Massachusetts Legislature lature; was Attorney-General of the for eighteen years, also a member of State; and a Representative in Con- the Governor's Council, and was the gress, from Kentucky, from 1813 to pioneer in the manufacturing pros1817. He fell by the hand of an perity of Western Massachusetts. assassin, while a member of the Le- In 1848 he removed to New York, gislature, inl November, 1835, aged and resided at Fort Washington, on thirty-five years; and a legislative the Hudson; was a member of the reward of $3000, for the arrest of Board of Education in New York the murderer, was offered, but in City, and two years in the Common vain. Council, and in 1853 was a member of the Assembly. Hle removed to SHAW, iAARlON. Newburg in 1854, where he reBorn in Orange County, New sided until within a few months of York, in 1811; a lawyer by profes- his death, which occurred at Peekssion; was States Attorney for eight kill, October 17, 1857, aged sixtyyears, in the Fourth Judicial Cir- nine years. 426 - IOG RAPHICAL SKETCHES. SHIAW, HENRY M. of New York; he was subsequently stationed at Greenbush, St. Lonis, Be was born at Newport, Phode d J Island, November 20, 1819; studied and at Norfolk, and held this office until 1816. As an instance of his medicine, and graduated at the University of Pennsylvania; removed physical endurance, it may be menversity of Pennsylvania; removed I - to North Carolina, and was a State tioned that he, on one occasion, rode Senator in 1852, and a Representa- on horseback from St. Louis, Mistive, from that State, in the Thirty- souri, to Albany, New York, in third and Thirty-fifth Congresses, twenty-nine consecutive das. Ic died at Clarendon, Vermont Octoand is a member of the Committees died at Clarendon, Vermont, Octoonl Manufactures and Revolutionary ber 22, 1827. Pensions. SIHAW, TRISTAMK. SHAW, SAMUEL. Born in New Hampshire in 1787; was a Representative in Congress, Ie lsas born in Dighton, RMassa- firom that State, from 1839 to 1843; chusetts, in December, 1768, and anc died at Exeter, NTew Rampremoved to Putney, Vermont, at shlire, iaLch 14 1843. the age of ten years; he received a limited education; commenced SIHEFFER, DANIEL. the study of medicine at the age of R e was born in Pennsylvania, and seventeen, and in two years entered upon the practice of his profession was a Rep resentative in Congress, from that State, from 1831 to 1839. at Castleton, Vermont, and became eminent as a surgeon. He entered.. n^~ SIItEFFEY, DANIEL. early into politics, and was one of the victims of the Sedition Law; for Hie was born at Frederick, Mahis denunciation of the administra- ryland, in 1770; had a limited tion of John.Adams, he was impri- ed u c a t tii o n, was bred to the soned, and liberated by the people trade of a shoemaker, and settled without the forms of law; and in in Augusta, Virginia; he after1799 was returned as a member of wards studied law, engaged in a the Scate Legislature. He was for lucrative practice; and fiequently some time a member of the State represented his county inthe I-ouse Council, and was a Representative of Delegates. He was a Reprein Congress, from Vermont, from sentative in Congress, from Vir1808 to 1813. He was a personal ginia, from 1809 to 1817, and took friend of Jefferson and Madison, and a high rank. His speech in favor gave his earnest support to the of the renewal of the first Bank of measures for the prosecution of the the United States was a masterly war. Onl his retirement from Con- production. He was opposed to gress, he was appointed surgeon in the war of 1812. lie died at his the army, and removed to the City home, December 3, 1830. BIOG APHICAL SKETCHES. 427 SIEPARD, CHARLES:B. settled in Portland; lie was in the Massachusetts Legislature in Born in Newbern, North Caro- t, lina, December 5, 1807; graduated 1819; a member of the Convention at Chapel Hill, in 1827; was that formed the first Constitution of at Chapel Hill, in 1827; was elected to Congress, in 1837, where Mine, in 1820; he was for thirteen he continued to serve until 1841; years Attorney of the United and died in October, 1843. States for Maine; after leaving the Senate of the United States, he was chosen a Justice of the SuBorn in Newbern, North Caro- preme Court of Maine, and subseBorn in Newbern, North Caroquently Chief Justice of the same, lina, iln 1199; educated at Chapel which latter position he held until HEill studied law and became 1855. While on the bench he fureminent in his profession; was a eminent in his profession; was a nised the materials for twenty-six?.epresentative in Congress, fcomt Representative in Congress, from volumes of Reports, and as sole 1827 to 1837, when he declined a Commissioner, was appointed to rere-election; in 1838 he was elected vise the statutes of.aine. He is to the State Senate, and served five Tt'ustee of Bowdoi n College, from terms. He died at Elizabeth City, 1 which institution he received the June 20, 1852. degree of LL.D. SHEPHIERD, WILLIAM. SHEPLOR, MATTHIAS. Born, in Massachusetts, December 1, 1737; he served six years as -orn in Pennsylvania; *and was a captain in the revolutionary a epresen in Congress, fro Ohio, from 1837 to 1839. army, and distinguished himself at Ohio, from 183 William Henry and Crown Point; in 1783 he was chosen a brigadiergeneral, having fought in twenty- He was born in Surry County, two battles; he was subsequently North Carolina; educated a lawa major-general of militia; and a yer; served in the House of ComRepresentative in Congress, from mons, from 1822 to 1826; and was 1797 to 1803. Died at Westfield, a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, November 11, 1817. 1829 to 1839, again from 1841 to 1843, and again from 1847 to 1851. SHEPLEY, ETHER. A Senator in Congress, from SHERBUtnE, J. S. Maine, from 1833 to 1836. He He was born in New Hampshire; was born in Groton, Massachusetts, graduated at Dartmouth College in November 2, 1789; graduated at 1776; attended the law school at Dartmouth College in 1811; stu- Harvard; was a Judge of the Sudied law and commenced the prac- perior Court of New Iampshire; tice in Saco, but subsequently and was a Representative in Con 428 BIOGRAPHICAL S KETCHE S. gress, from New Hampshire, from of Independencein 1776. After the 1793 to 1797. He died in 1830, adoption of the Constitution of the aged seventy-three years. United States, in regard to which he took a prominent part, he was SHEREDINE, UPTON. elected a Representative to ConHe was a Rep;esentative in Con- gress; and chosen a Senator in gress, from Maryland, from 1791 to 1791, continuing in that station till 1792. his death, July 23, 1793. He was SHERMAN, JOHN. a profound and sagacious statesman, an able and upright judge, and Born in Lancaster, Ohio, May an exemplary Christian. He was 10, 1823; is a lawyer by profes- made Master of Arts by Yale sion; and was elected a Represen- College, and was for many years tative to the Thirty-fourth and Treasurer of that institution. Thirty-fifth Congresses, and is a member of the Committee on Naval SHERRILL, ELIAKIM. Affairs. He was born in New York, and SHERMAN, J. W. was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849, He was born in New Yorkl; and and was a member of the Commitelected a Representative, from that and was a member of the CommitState, to the Thirty-fifth Congress, tee on Manufactres. and is a member of the Committee SHERWOOD, SAMUEL. on Unfinished Business. Ite was a Representative in ConSHERMAN, ROGER. gress, from New York, from 1813 Born at Newton, Massachusetts, 1815. April 19, 1721. He had no advan- SHERWOOD, SAMUEL B. tages for education, yet he was,He was born in Connecticut; eager in the pursuit of knowledge, graduated at Yale College in 1786; and while apprenticed to a shoewas a Representative in Congress, maker, he often had a book open befaoere himb he a. hia work. In from that State, from 1817 to 1819, before him while at his work. In 1743 he removed to New Milford, and died i Connecticut, carrying his tools upon SHIELDS, BENJAMIN G. his back. Hle afterwards studied iHe was a Representative in Conlaw, and settled at New Haven, and was admlitted to the bar in 154. gress, from Alabama, from 1841 to was admitted to the bar in 1754., 1843. Hle was a Judge of the County and Superior Courts; and a mem- SHIELDS, EBENEZER J. ber of the first Congress, in 1774, Born in Georgia, and was electand continued a member for many ed a Representative in Congress, years. Ile signed the Declaration from Tennessee, from 1835 to 1839. B I O G RAP IICAL SKET C E S. 429 SHIELDS, JAMES. was a Representative in Congress, from that State, fiom 1833 to 1831. He was a Representative in Con- fro that State, fro 1833 to 183 gress, from Ohio, from 1829 to SIIIPPERD, ZEBULON R. 1831. He was a Representative in ConSIELDS, JAMES. gress, from New York, from 1813 to 1815. Was born in County Tyrone, Ireland, in 1810, and emigrated to SHIORTER, ELI S. America about 1826. HIe pursued Born in Monticello, Georgia, his mathematical and classical stu-Marh 15,1823 graduated at Yale dies until the year 1832, when he College in 1843; is a lawyer by went to Illinois, and commenced the profession, but engaged in the plantpractice of the law at Kaskaskia. ing business. Re was elected a In 1836 he was elected a member IIn 1836 he was elected a mepmresentative, frolm Alabama, to of the Illinois legislature, andl Au- the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth ditor of the State in 1839. In Congresses, and is a member of the 1843 he was appointed Judge of Committee on Indian Affairs. the Supreme Court; and in 1845 Commissioner of the General Land- SHOWERS, JACOB. office. At the commencement of the Mexican war, he was appointed, gress, from Maryland, from 1853 to by President Polk, a brigadier-ge- 1855. neral in the United States army, and, for his distinguished services SIBLEY, IIENRY 1I. during the course of the war, was He was born in February, 1811, promoted to the rank of brevet ma- in Detroit, Michigan; spent much jor-general. In 1848 he was ap- of his early life on the Northwestern pointed Governor of Oregon Terri- frontiers; was for many years an tory, which he resigned. In 1849 Indian trader in the employ of he was elected to a seat in the Uni- the American Fur Company, at ted States Senate, for the term of Mackinaw and Fort Snelling; was six years, from the State of Illinois. a Delegate to Congress, from He subsequently took up his resi- Minnesota Territory, from 1849 to denuce in the Territory of Minne- 1853; and, having witnessed the sota, and in 1857 was elected to re- progress of Minnesota from a wilpresent the same in the Senate of derness to an organized State, he the United States, when she became was elected, in 1857, its first Gova State, in which position he con- ernor, which office he still occupies. tinues. SIBLEY, JONAS. SIINN, WILLIAM N. IHe was a member of Congress, He was born in New Jersey, and from Worcester County, iMassachu 430 IOGRAPH I CAL SKET C H E S. setts, from 1823 to 1825, and died when Mr. Buchanan was the Ameat Sutton, in that State, February rican Minister in Enbgland,he was the 10, 1834, aged seventy-two years. Secretary of that Legation; and was elected a Representative, from New SIBLEY, MARK IT., York, to the Thirty-fifth Congress, Born in Great Barrington, Mias- and is a member of the Committee sachusetts, in 1796, and removed to on Foreign Affairs. In 1847 he Canandaigua, New York, in 1814. was a member of the Assembly of He studied law, and was distin- New York, and in 1856-57 was a guished as an advocate. He was a member of the State Senate. He member of the New York Assem- has been re-elected to the Thirtybly in 1834 and 1835; a Represen- sixth Congress. tative in Congress, from 1837 to 1839; subsequently a State Sena- SICKLES, NICHOLAS. tor; and in 1846 a county judge. I-e was born in Kinderhook, He died in Canandaigua, New New York, was a Representative York, September 8, 1852. in Congress, from 1835 to 1837, and died at Kingston, New York, SIBLEY, SOLOMON. May 13, 1845. He was born in Sutton, Massachusetts, October 7, 1769. He studied SILL, THOMAS H. law, and removed to Ohio in 1795, HIle was a Representative in Conestablishing himself first at Mari- gress, from Erie County, Pennsyletta and then at Cincinnati, in the vania, from 1829 to 1831. practice of his profession. He removed to Detroit in 1797, and in SILSBEE, NATHANIEL. 1799 was elected to the first Terri- Born in Essex County, Massatorial Legislature of the North- chusetts, in 1773, and died at Sawestern Territory. He was a De- lem, Massachusetts, July 1, 1850. legate to Congress, from the Terri- He was a distinguished and successtory of Michigan, from 1820 to ful merchant, and frequently elected 1823; in 1824 he was appointed to the State Legislature, and was Judge of the Supreme Court, and for three years President of the held the office until 1836, when he State Senate; he served as a Reresigned in consequence of increas- presentative in Congress, from 1816 ing deafness. He died at Detroit, to 1820; and was a Senator of the April 4, 1846. He was universally United States, from 1826 to 1835. respected for his talents and mani- HIe was the firm supporter of the fold virtues. Administration of J. Q. Adams, and when his term expired, Mr. SICRKLES, DANIEL E. Silsbee offered to vacate his seat in He was born in New York, and the Senate, in his favor, but the was bred a lawyer; for a short time, ex-President -declined the proposal. B I 6GRAP ICAL SKETCH E S. 431 SILVESTER, PETER. ted States Senate in 1841, for six He was born in New Yorkl, was years, from March 4, 184 7; and a member of the Albany Committee again chosen for another term, beof Safety in 1774, and of the New ginning March 4, 1857; and is a York Provincial Congress; was a member of the Committees on Judge of the Common Pleas in Claims, and on Patents and the 1786, and elected a member of the Patent-office. first Congress under the Federal z!) SIMONS, SAMUEL. Constitution. He was subsequently a State Senator, and died at He was a Representative in ConKinderhook, January 30, 1845. d a gress, from Connecticut, from 1843 to 1845, and died in Bridgeport, SILVESTER, PETER H. Connecticut, January 13, 1847, He was born at Kinderhook, ged fifty-fve years. Columbia County, New York, FebSI3IONTON, WTILLIAMI. ruary 17, 1807; graduated at Union College in 1827; studied He was a member of Congress, laws, and was admitted to the bar in from Pennsylvania, from 1839 to 1830; and he was a Representative 1843, and died at South Hanover, in Congress, from New York, from Pennsylvania, May 18, 1846. 1847 to 1851. SILMPKINS, ELDRED. SIMMONS, GEORGE A. He was born in Edgefield CounHe was born in New York; ty, South Carolina, and was a Regraduated at Dartmouth College in presentative in Congress, from 1816; served a number of years in South Carolina, from 1818 to 1821. the Assembly of that State; and was elected a Representative in SIMPSON, RICHARD F. Congress to the Thirty-third and He was born in South Carolina, Thirty-fourth Congresses, from that and was a Representative in ConState. In 1852 he received from gress, from 1843 to 1847. He his Alma Ilaater the degree of graduated at the University of LL. D., and died in 1857, agedsixty- South Carolina in 1816; adopted six years. the profession of law; and before entering Congress had been a memSIMMNIONS, JAMllES F. ber of the Senate of his native Born in Little Compton, Rhode State. Island, September 10, 1795. His employments were farming and SIIS, ALEXANDER D. manufacturing; he was a member He was born in Brunswick Counof the General Assembly, from ty, Virginia, June 12, 1803, and 1828 to 1841; elected to the Uni- died at Kingstree, South Carolina, 432 BIOG RAPI CAL SKETCHES. November 16, 1848. He went on his way to Washington to take through a course of studies at his seat, he died at Raleigh, North Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and Carolina. finished his education at Union College, New York. He read and SINNICKSON, THOMAS. practiced law in Virginia, and re- Born in Salem, New Jersey, Demoving to South Carolina, taught86; received a co z t cember 13, 1786; received a coman academy at Darlington Courtcation; commenced mon school education; commenced House. In 1839 he commenced active life as a merchant; was a the practice of law in South Ca- Judge of the Court of Common rolina, and becamie a prominent Pleas for twenty years; a member member of the bar in that State. of the New Jersey Legislature; of the New Jersey Legislature; He had a taste for politics, and Judge of the Court of Errors and during the Nullification times was Appeals; and a Representative in active and decided; and he was a Congress, during the years 1828 member of Congress, from 1845 to and 1829. 1849. SIMS, LEONARD II. SINNICKSON, THOMAS. Born in North Carolina, and was Born in Salem County, New Jerelected a Representative in Con- sey, received a classical education, gress, from Missouri, from 1845 to and was bred a merchant. Hle served 1847. in the revolutionary war at the batSINGLETON, O. R. tles of Trenton and Princeton, in the capacity of captain; was for Born in Jessramane d oantS., Jsep- many years, a member of the Countucky; graduated at St. Joseph cil and Assembly of New Jersey College, Bardstown, Kentucky, and and the Presiding Judge of the adopted the law as a profession; Court of Common Pleas; he was he was two years in the Lower a correspondent o f Common Plhe Committee House of the Mississippi Legisla- of Safety, during the Revolution, ture; six years in the State Senate; and a Representative in the first a Presidential Elector in 1852; and Congress, after the adoption of the was elected a Representative to the onstitution, from 1789 to 1791 Thirty-third Congress, and re-elect- and again from 1797 to 1799. ed to the Thirty-fifth Congress, from the same State, and is a member of the Joint Committee on SITGREAVES, SAIUEL. Printing. He was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1795 SINGILETON, THI1OMAS D. > / to 1798; and was then appointed, He was elected to Congress, from by President Adams, Commissioner South Carolina, in 1833, and while to treat with Great Britain. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 433 SKELTON, CHARLES. ed, by President Jefferson, Commissioner of Loans. Born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from SLADE, CHARLES. New Jersey, from 1851 to 1855. He was a Representative in ConSKINNER, RICHARD. gress, from Illinois, from 1833 to He was born at Litchfield, Con- 1834, and died on his return from necticut, May 30, 1788, and re- Washington, in Knox County, Indiana, after an illness of only twentyceived his education at the cele- diana, brated law school of his native four hours. town; he was admitted to the bar SLADE, WILLIAM. in 1800, and removed to Manchester, Vermont. In 1801 he was He was born in Vermont; graappointed States Attorney for Ben- duated at Middlebury College; and nington County, and in 1809 Judge was a Representative in Congress, of Probate; and was elected a from his native State, from'1831 to Representative in Congress, from 1843; and Governor of Vermont, 1813 to 1815; Judge of the Su-from 1844 to 1846. preme Court in 1816; and Chief SLAYMAKER, AMOS. Justice in 1817. In 1818 he was elected to the lower branch of the He was a Representative in Legislature, and was Speaker. He Congress, from Pennsylvania, from was Governor in 1820, 1821, and 1814 to 1815. 1822; was re-appointed Chief Justice in 1824, and resigned in 1829. SLIDELL, JOHN. He died at Mianchester, May 23, Born in New York about the 1833, much respected for his pub- year 1793, and on reaching the age lic services and private worth. Hie of manhood removed to New Orwas President of the Northeastern leans, where he established himself Branch of the American Education as a lawyer, and practiced his Society; was a member of the profession with success. He was Board of Trustees of Middlebury appointed, by President Jackson, College, from which institution he United States District Attorney; received the degree of LL.D. He was frequently elected to the was also interested in various local Legislature of Louisiana; was a benevolent associations. Representative in Congress, from 1843 to 1845; while in Congress SKINNER, THOMSON J., JR. he was appointed, by President He was a Representative in Con- Polk, Minister to Mexico; and in gress, from Massachusetts, from 1853 was elected to the United 1796 to 1799, and again from 1803 States Senate for the unexpired to 1805; in 1804 he was appoint- term of Senator Soul6, and was re28 434 BIOG RAP ICAL SKETCHES. elected for six years, and was Chair- SLOCUM, JESSE. man of the Committee on the Con- Was a Representative in Condition of the Banks, and is a member gress, from North Carolina, from of the Committees on Naval Af- 181 to 1821, and died in ashfairs and Foreign Relations. ington before the expiration of his term. SLINGERLAND, JOHN. term. He was born in Albany County, SMART, EPIIRAIM K. New York, March 1, 1804; re- Born at Prospect, Maine, (now ceived a good common school edu- Searsport,) in 1813. Hewasthrown cation; and, as a business, has upon his own resonrces to obtain devoted nearly his whole life to means for his education, which he agricultural pursuits. He was a received at the Maine Wesleyan Semember of the New York Legisla- minary. After the study of law ture in 1843, and was a Represen- for three years, he was admitted to tative in Congress, from New York, the bar in Camden. He was ap frorm 184'1 to 1849. 1 pointed Postmaster in 1838, and in SLOAN, JAMES. 1841 was elected State Senator. In 1842 he was aid to the Governor, He was a Representative in Con- with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, gress, from New Jersey, from 1803 and was re-elected to the Senate to 1809. the same year. In 1843 he went SLOANE, JOHN. to }Missouri, and practiced law, as Born in York, Pennsylvania, but an attorney and counselor and soremoved to Ohio, while yet a Ter- licitor in chancery; but returned to ritory. He was elected a member Camden, and was again Postmaster of the General Assembly in 1804, in 1845. He was a Representative and in 1805 and 1806 was Speaker. from Maine, in Congress, from 1847 He was Receiver of Public Moneys to 1849, and from 1851 to 1853. at Canton, from 1808 to 1816, and From 1853 to 1858 he was Collecafterwards at Wooster, until 1819, tor at Belfast. In 1854 he estabwhen he was elected to Congress as lished theJiXaineFree Press, and was a Representative, continuing a mem- its editor three years; and in 1858 ber until 1829. He was also Clerk returned to the practice of law in of the Common Pleas for seven Camden, and in September of that years, Secretary of State for three year was again elected to the Leyears, and Treasurer of the United gislature. States under President Fillmore. He was a colonel of militia during SMELT, DENNIS. the war of 1812, and died in Woos- He was a Representative in Conter, May 15, 1856, aged seventy- gress, from Georgia, from 1806 to seven years. 1811. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 435 SMILIE, JOHN. SMITH, BERNARD. He was a Representative in Con- He was born in Morristown, New gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1793 Jersey, and was a Representative to 1795, and again from 1799 to in Congress, from his native State, 1813. from 1819 to 1821, when he was appointed, by President Monroe, SMITH, ALBERT. Register of the Land-office in ArHe was a Representative in Con- kansas. gress, from Maine, from 1839 to SMAKITH, CALEB B. 1841, and was a member of the Committee on Public Expenditures. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts, April 16, 1808; emigrated with his parents to Ohio in 1814; and SMiITH, ALBERT. was educated at the Cincinnati iHe was born in New York, and College and Miami University; was a member of the New York adopted the profession of law, and Assembly, from Genesee County, settled in Indiana; in 1832he estain 1842, and a Representative in blished and edited a Whig journal Congress, from that State, from called the lndiana Sentinel; in 1843 to 1847. 1833 he was elected a member of the Legislature; re-elected in 1834, SMIITH, ARTHUR. 1835, and 1836, during the latter year officiating as Speaker; in Born in the County of Isle of. Bhorn in the County of Isle of 1847 and 1848 he was a member of Wight, Virginia, November 15, Wight, V a, N e the Board of Fund Commissioners; 1785; was educated at the College and he was a Representative in of William and Mary; served with Congress, from Indiana, from 1843 credit at the head of a militia force n n to 1849. He was also a Presidenat Norfolk, in 1812; was a member tial Elector in 1840 and 1856; of the Privy Council of Virginia,, and after leaving Congress, in 1849, and subsequently a member of the he was appointed, by President State Legislature; and was a Reesetateegis re, a R Taylor, one of the members of the presentative in Congress, from 1821 aIe i s Cge, fBoard for investigating the claims to 1825. Hie was a lawyer by pro- of American citizens against Mexfession, but never practiced. He died iVr a0. iceo. He is at the present time practicing his profession in Cincinnati, Ohio. SMITH, BALLARD. He was a Representative in Con- SMITH, DANIEL. gress, from Virginia, from 1815 to He was a Senator in Congress, 1821. from Tennessee, during the years 436 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1198 and 1799, and again from tled at Rupert, Vermont. Hle sub1805 to 1809. He died in July, sequently settled at Rutland, and 1818. was sent to the State Legislature from that town. He was a RepreSt'ITH, F. O. I. SMITH, F. 0. L sentative in Congress, from 1791 to He was born in Massachusetts, 1797, again in 1800, and a Senator and was a Representative in Con- in Congress during the years 1801 gress, from MAaine, from 1833 to and 1802. Hie was also appointed 1839. Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in 1797, and was Governor of YerSMIITH, GEORGIE. mont in 1807. He died December H3[e was a Representative in Con- 2, 1810. gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1809 to 1813. SMITH, JAMES S. SMITH, GERRITT. He was born in Orange County, Born in New York, and was a North Carolina, and was educated Representative in Congress, from for the medical profession; served that State, from 1853 to 1855. in the Legislature of North Carolina in 1821; and was a RepresenSMITH, ISAAC. tative in Congress, from that State, from 1817 to 1821. I-e was a graduate of Princeton College in 1755, and a tutor in that institution; a Representative SMITH, JEDEDIAH K. in Congress, from New Jersey, from He was a Representative in Con1795 to 1797; was appointed, by gress, from New Hampshire, from President Washington, in the latter 1807 to 1809. year, a Commissioner to treat with the Seneca Indians; and was a SMITH, JEREMIAH. Judge of the Superior Court of New Jersey. He died in 1807. Born in Peterborough, New Hampshire, and graduated at ]RutSMITH, ISAAC. ger's College, New Jersey, in 1780, He was a native of Pennsylvania, and also received, from Harvard and a Representative in Congress, College, the degree of Doctor of from that State, from 1813 to 1815. Laws. He was a Representative in Congress, from New Hampshire, in 1791, and continued there till 1797, SMhITH, ISRAEL. being one of the last survivors of Born in Connecticut, April 4, the distinguished men who partici1759. He graduated at Yale Col- pated with Washington in the adlege in 1781, studied law, and set- ministration of the government. B I G RAP H I CAL SKE T C H E S. 437 He was appointed, by John Adams, SMITH, JOHN. in 1801, a Judge of the United He was born in )35, was a States Circuit Court, but did not Senator in Congress, from Ohio, serve, as the office was soon after- from 1803 to 1808, and died in wards abolished by Congress. He July, 1816. was chosen Governor of New Hampshire in 1809, and was for several years Chief Justice of the Superior Court of the State. His extraordi- He was born at Barre, Massanary nental endovments not only re- chusetts, in August, 1789; received mained unimpaired, but even shone a limited education, and removed in forth brightest when he was near early life to St. Albans, Vermont, the close of his long life. Few per- where he was admitted to practice sons have been more widely known as a lawyera in 1810. te repreas statesmen and jurists, or have sented St. Albans in the Legislaleft behind them a more enduring ture for nine successive years, and reputation. HIis acquaintancewith was elected States Attorney of books was extensive, and his lite- Franklin County in 1826, and rary taste remarkably correct and served six years. In 1831, 1832, pure. He was highly esteemed, and 1833, he was Speaker in the not only as a lawyer and judge, but General Assembly. He was a Refor his eminent social qualifications, presentative in Congress, from Verand for all the attributes of a great mont, from 1839 to 1841, after and good man He was a patron he resumed the practice of and friend of Daniel Webster, ald his profession. In 1846 he became died at Dover, New Hampshire, enlisted in important railroad proSeptember 21, 1843. jeets, and was so engaged at the time of his sudden death, which occurred at St. Albans, November HewasaITH, JROHpresN.tav 20, 1858. He received the degree He was a Representative in Con- of A.M. from Middlebury Colgress, from New York, from 1799 lege and the University of Verto 1804; from 1804 to 1813 he was mont. a Senator in Congress; and was appointed, in the latter year, by SMITH, JOHN B. President Madison, United States I-Ie was a Representative in ConMarshal for New York. He died gress, from Louisiana, from 1853 to in 1816. 1855. SMITH, JOHN. SMITIH, JOHN COTTON. IHe was a Representative in Con- He was born in Sharon, Connecgress, from Virginia, -from 1801 to ticut, February 12, 1765, and gra1815. duated at Yale College in 1783. 438 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. lie studied law, and was admitted SMITH, JOSIAH. to practice, in Litchfield County, in He was born in Massachusetts; 1786. Hie was a miemnber of the graduated at Harvard University in General Assembly in 1793, and 1774; was a Representative in Confrom 1796 to 1800 was a member gress, from Massachusetts, from of the Lower House, and in 1799 1801 to 1802, and died in 1828. was elected Speaker. He was a Representative in Congress, from SMITH, NATHAN. Connecticut, friom 1800 to 1806, Connecticut, from 1800 to 1806, He was born at Roxbury, Conand was again a member of the Lenecticut, in 1770; received his progislature until 1809, when he was i fesstonal education at the Law chosen a member of the Council. School in Litchfield; was a memHIe also held the several offices of ber of the Convention that formed Governor of Connecticut, from 1812 the State Constitution; for many to 1817, Lieutenant-Governor, and Judge of the Superior Court. He years States Attorney for the CounJudge of the Superior Court. He ty of iNew Haven; frequently in received the degree of LL.D. from the State Legislature, and for seveYale College; was a member of ral years United States Attorney the Northern Society of Antiqua- for the District of Connecticut. He ries in Copenhagen; also of the C ec ir Society, and represented his native State in the Connecticut Historical Society, and of various religious associations. Senate of the United States, from of various religious associations. 1833 to 1835. He was long known He died at Sharon, Connecticut, November t7, 1845, an had devoted as an eminent lawyer, respected for November 7, 1845, and had devoted....'. his integrity and ability. He died the latter years of his life to agriat Washington, District of Columcultural and literary pursuits. bia, December 6, 1836. SMITH, JOHN SPEED. SMITH, NATHANIEL. He was repeatedly a member of He was born in Woodbury, Conthe Kentucky Legislature, and from necticut, January 6, 1762. His 1821 to 1823, a Representative in education was limited, but he obCongress. He died in Madison tained distinction by the energy of County, Kentucky, June 6, 1854. his talents. He studied law, and settled to practice in his native town, in 1789. He was for many SMIITH, JOHIN T. years a member of the State LegisHe was born in Pennsylvania, lature, having served in both Houses. and elected a Representative in He was a Representative in ConCongress, from that State, fiom gress, from that State, from 1795 1843 to 1845, and was a member of to 1799. In 1806 he was elected the Committee on Expenditures in Judge of the Supreme Court of the the State Department. State, and held the office until 1819. B I G RAP H I CAL SKETCHES. 439 He died March 9, 1822; his legal part in organizing the railroads in knowledge was extensive, and he his adopted State. was greatly esteemed for his integrity and piety. SMITH, SAMUEL. He was born in Pennsylvania, SMIITH, OLIVER H. July 27, 1752. He was a distinHe was a Senator in Congress, guished merchant of Baltimore, and from Indiana, from 1837 to 1843, contributed largely to the advanceand a Representative from 1827 to ment of that city, of which he was 1829. He is the author of a work once mayor. He rose from the rank giving his " Recollections of Con- of captain to that of brigadier-genegressional Life." ral in the revolutionary war. In 1776 he was a member of the ConSMITH, PERRY. vention for framing the Constitution Born in Washington, Connecti- of Maryland; and was a Represencut; attended the Litchfield Law tative in Congress, from that State, School, and settled in New Milford from 1793 to 1803, and again from in 1807. He was a State Repre- 1816 to 1822; and a Senator in sentative for fourl years, Judge of Congress from 1803 to 1815, and Probate for two years, and a Sena- again from 1822 to 1823. He died tor in Congress, from 1837 to 1843. suddenly, at Baltimore, April 25, He died in New Milford in 1852. 1839. SMITH, ROBERT. SMITH, SAMUEL. Born in Peterborough, New Born in 1767, in Peterborough, Hampshire, June 12, 1802, and re- New Hampshire; held many public ceived a limited education. He positions; was for many years a was a farmer by occupation until manufacturer of paper; and a Rehe attained his twentieth year, but presentative in Congress, from that subsequently engaged in manufac- State, from 1813 to 1815. He died turing and merchandising. Re- in 1842. moving to Illinois in 1832, he served in the Illinois Legislature from 1836 to 1840; was Enrolling and Hle was a Representative in ConEngrossing Clerk of the House of gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1805'Representatives of Illinois, from to 1809. 1840 to 1843, and was then elected to Congress, and served till March SMITH, SAMUEL A. 4, 1849, and was re-elected to the He was born in Pennsylvania, and Thirty-fifth Congress, being Chair- was a Representative in Congress, man of the Committee on Mileage. from Backs County, Pennsylvania, Of late years he has taken an active from 1829 to 1833, serving, during 440 BIOG RAPuICAL SKETCHES. his second term, on the Committee SMITIIH, THOMAS. on Agriculture. Born in Pennsylvania, and was a SRepresentative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1839 to 1841, and He was born in Monroe County, again from 1843 to 1847. Tennessee, June 26, 1822. He lost his father when quite young, SAuITH TRUMAN. and with limited opportunities for attending school, spent the most of. He was born in Roxbury, Litchhis time on a farm, until he became field County, Connecticut, Novemof age. At that time he began to ber 27, 1791; graduated at Yale attend school in earnest, and at College in 1815; he studied law, the end of three months became a and was admitted to the bar in teacher, and for two years alter- 1818; he was elected to the State nately attended and taught school Legislature in 1831, and re-elected in his native county. He also in 1832 and 1834; in 1839 he was taught school, for awhile, during elected a Representative in Conten months that he studied law, and gress, and re-elected in 1841, 1845, was admitted to the bar in 1845. and 1847; in 1849 he took his seat During that year he was elected in the United States Senate, for a Attorney-General for the Third Ju- full term of six years, resigning in dicial District of Tennessee, which 1854. Of late years he has been office he held until 1848. He was engaged in the practice of his proa delegate to the National Conven- fession in New York City. tion of that year held at Baltimore, and was soon afterwards elected a SMITH, WILLIAM. Presidential Elector, and was again chosen an Elector ill 185l. In EIe was a Delegate to the Contichosen an Elector in 1852. In 1850 he took a deep interest in the nental Congress, from Maryland, affairs of the East Tennessee and from 1777 to 1778, and a RepreGeorgia Railroad, and he was elect- sentative under the Constitution, ed. a Representative, from Tennes- from 1789 to 1791, when ie was see, to the Thirty-third Congress, appointed, by President Washingand re-elected to the Thirty-fourth ton, Auditor of the Treasury. and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and is Chairman of the Joint Committee SMITH, WILLIAM. on Printing. He was a Representative in Congress, from South Carolina, from SM.ITH, TFIOMA\S. 1789 to 1797, and resigned on being He was a Representative in Con- appointed United States Minister gress, fron Pennsylvania, from 1815 to Portugal, by President John to 1817. Adams. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 441 SMITH, WILLIAM. SMITH, WILLIAM R. Hle was born in 1765, and was a He was a iRepresentative in Connative of South Carolina. He was gress, from Alabama, his native elected a Representative in Con- State, from 1851 to 1855, where gress, from the Charleston District, he acquired reputation by making a South Carolina, from 1797 to 1799. demonstration against Kossuth. He He was a Senator of the United has chiefly devoted himself to literaStates, from 1816 to 1823, and ture and law, and has had a seat on again from 1826 to 1831. He was the bench of Alabama. a distinguished supporter of the doctrine of State rights. He spent SMITH, WILLIAM S. the later years of his life in Ala- He was for three years a member bama, and died at Huntsville, in of the New York Assembly, and a July, 1840. Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1813 to 1816. SMITH, WILLIAM. SMYTH, ALEXANDER. Born in King George County, He was a Representative in ConVirginia, September 6, 1797. After gress, from Virginia, from 1817 to prosecuting his studies at Plain- 1825, and again from 1827 to 1830. field Academy, in Connecticut, and at private schools in Virginia, he SMYTHE, GEORGE W. studied law, and commenced the Born in North Carolina, and was practice in 1818. Soon after he elected a Representative in Conwas the means of establishing a line gress, from Texas, from 1853 to of post-coaches through Virgina, 1855. the Carolinas, and Georgia, by which he made a fortune; and in SNEED, WILLIAM H. 1836 he was elected to the State He was born in Tennessee, and Legislature; and re-elected in 1840. was a Representative in Congress, He was a Representative in Con- from that State, from 1855 to 1857. gress, during the term of 1842 and 1843; in 1845 he was elected Go- SNODGRASS, JOHN FRYALL. vernor of Virginia for three years; Born in Berkeley County, Virgiand in 1853 was re-elected a Re- nia, March 2, 1804; was a lawyer presentative in Congress, in which by profession, and practiced in position he has continued to the Parkersburg, Virginia. He was a present time. Hewas Chariman of member of the Virginia Constituthe Committee on the Laws of tional Convention assembled at Public Printing, and is a member of Richmond, in 1850; and was a Rethe Committee on Territories. presentative in Congress, from 1853 442 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. until his death, which occurred while of fifteen he took part in a conspitrying a case in court, in Parkers- racy against the Bourbons, and the burg, June 5, 1854. plot having been discovered, he was obliged to take refuge in a little vilSNYDER, ADAM W. lage of Navarre, where he remained Born in 1801; frequently served for more than a year, following the in the State Legislature of Illinois, occupation of a shepherd. He was and was a Representative in Con- permitted to return to Bordeaux; gress, from that State, from 1837 to but he longed for a more exciting 1839. He was a candidate for Go- scene of action, and accordingly revernor of the State at the time of paired to Paris. Here, in conjunchis death, which occurred at Belle- tion with Barthelemy and Mery, he ville, Illinois, May 14, 1842. established a paper advocating liberal republican sentiments. This SNYDER, JOHN. soon brought him under the eye of He was born in Pennsylvania, and the authorities, and he was put upon was elected a Representative in his trial. His advocate appealed to Congress, from that State, from the clemency of the court in behalf 1841 to 1843, and was a member of of the prisoner on the score of his the Committee on the Militia. youth. This line of defence did not suit the prisoner, who rose from his SOLLERS, AUGUSTUS R. seat and addressed the court, denyBorn in Maryland, and was elect- ing the criminality of his opinions, ed a Representative in Congress, and conduct. His eloquence did not from his native State, from 1841 to save him from St. Pelagie, whence 1843, and again from 1853 to 1855. he succeeded in making his escape to England. Disappointed in his SOULE, NATHAN. expectations of obtaining a situation He was a Representative in Con- in Chile, which had been promised gress, from New York, from 1831 him, and finding himself alone in a to 1833. He was also a member of strange country, wholly ignorant of the State Assenmbly, from Ononda- the language, he returned to France. ga, in 1837. At Havre he met a friend, a captain in the French navy, who advised SOULE, PIERRE. him to seek an asylum in the United Born at Castillon, in the Pyre- States, and offered him a passage in nees, during the First Consulate of his ship as far as St. Domingo. He Napoleon. He was destined for accepted the proposition, and arthe church, and in 1816 was sent to rived at Port-au-Prince, in Septemthe Jesuits' College at Toulouse. ber, 1825. From this place hetook He was afterwards sent to complete passage to Baltimore, and finally his studies at Bordeaux. At the age removed to New Orleans, in the fall BIOGRAPH ICAL SKETCHES. 443 of 1825. Having determined to SOUTHARD, ISAAC. make the law his profession, he first He was a Representative in Conapplied himself assiduously to the study of English, and passed his ex- gress, from New Jersey, from 183 to 1833. amination for the bar in that language, and was admitted. In 1841 SOUTHARD, SAMUEL L. he was elected a Senator in Congress, from Louisiana, to fill a va- Was the son of H-lenry Southard; cancy, and was re-elected, in 1849, born in Baskingridge, New Jersey, for the term of six years. In 1853 June 9, 1787. He graduated at he was appointed, by President Princeton in 1804, and soon afterPierce, Minister to Spain. wards removed to Virginia, where he was admitted to the bar. In 1811 he returned to his native State, and SOUTHGATE, WILLIAM W. rose to a high position as a lawyer. He was, for several years, Deputy orn in etucky, and was a Re- Attorney, and in 1814 was admitted presentative in Congress, from that as counselor-at-law, ahd appointed State, from 1837 to 1839. Law Reporter, by the Legislature. In 1815 he was elected to the LeSOUTHARD, HENRY. gislature, and, in a week after taking his seat, was placed on the Born on Long Island, October, bench of the Supreme Court of 1749. When he was eight years of New Jersey. In 1820 was a Preage his father removed to Basking- sidential Elector. In 1821 he was ridge, in the Colony of New Jersey. elected a Senator in Congress, reHe received but an ordinary educa- -mained there until 1823, when he tion, and, as a day-laborer, earned was appointed, by President Monthe money to buy a farm. He took roe, Secretary of the Navy; he was an active part in the revolutionary also Acting Secretary of the Treawar, and after the adoption of the sury, and for a short period, ActConstitution, served nine years in ing Secretary of War. In 1822 the State Legislature, and was a he was elected a Trustee of Nassau Representative in Congress, from Hall, and also of the Theological 1801 to 1811, and from 1815 to Seminary of Princeton. In 1830 1821. A short time before retiring he was elected Attorney-General of from Congress, he met his son in the State; and in 1832, was Goverjoint committee, and they voted to- nor of the State. In 1833 he was gether on the Missouri Compromise. re-elected to the United States SeHe died June 2, 1842. He was a nate; and served until 1842, and on man of superior talents and remark- the death of President Harrison, he able memory. became the President of the Senate. 444 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. He is remembered in New Jersey, I versity of that State, in 1815; stuas the "favorite son" of that State. died law; served four years in the He died at Fredericksburg, Virgi- State Legislature; was a Reprenia, June 26, 1842. sentative in Congress, from 1823 to 1825; he subsequently served ten SPALDING, THOMAS. years in the State Senate, and was He was a Representative in Con- Governor of North Carolina, in gress, from Georgia, from 1805 to 1835 and 1836. After retiring 1806. from that office, he declined all public positions, and devoted himSPAIGHT, RICHARD D. SPAIGHT, RICHARD D. self to agricultural pursuits. IHe He commenced his academic stu- died in 1850. dies in Ireland, and finished his education at the University of Glas- SPANGLER, DAVID. gow. HIe joined the American army He was a Representative in Conin 1778, as aid-de-camp to General gress, from Ohio, from 1833 to Caswell, and was at the battle of 183, and in 1844 was nominated 1837, and in 1844 was nominated Camden in 1780. In 1781 he by the Whig party, Governor of entered the House of Commons the State, but declined the nomiof North Carolina; from 1782 to nation. He died in Coshocton 1784, was a member of the Continental Congress, and also dur-,, ing the years 1785 and 1786; and he was one of the delegates to form the Constitution of the United Born in 1768, was a RepresenStates, to which his name is ap- tative in Congress, from Pennsylpended. In 1792, he was again vania, from 1816 to 1818, and subelected to the local Legislature, and sequently Surveyor-General of the was the same year elected Gover- State. Died at York, Pennsylvania, nor of North Carolina. He was a June 17, 1843. Representative in Congress, froml 1798 to 1801, after which he was SPAULDING, ELBRIDGE G. elected to the State Senate. On He was born at Summer HIill, Sunday, September 5, 1802, he Cayuga County, New York, Febfought a duel with the Honorable ruary 24, 1809; was educated at John Stanley, was wounded in the Auburn Academy; taught school, side, and died in about twenty studied law, and was admitted to hours. practice in Genesee County. In 1834 he removed to Buffalo, and in SPAIGHT, RICHARD D. 1836 was attorney of the Supreme He was the son of the above, and Court of New York, and also soliborn in Newbern, North Carolina, citor inl chancery, and in 1839, was in 1796. He graduated at the Uni- counselor of the same. In 1836, BIO GRAPHICAL SKETCHE S. 445 he was appointed city clerk of and a Representative, from 1823 to Buffalo; in 1841 he was alderman, 1825, and again from 1831 to 1833. and in 1847 was elected mayor. In 1848 he was a member of the As- SPENCE, THOMAS A. sembly of the State, and from 1849 He graduated at Yale College in to 1851 he was a Representative 1829; and was elected a Reprein Congress, serving on the Com- sentative in Congress, from Marymittee of Foreign Relations. In land, from 1843 to 1845. 1853 he was elected Treasurer of the State of New York, and was a SPENCER, AMBROSE. member of the Canal Board for Born in Salisbury, Connecticut, two years; and is now President of December 13, 1765; in 1799 enthe Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank tered Yale College, and remained of Genesee, at Buffalo. three years, but graduated at Harvard University in 1783; studied SPEED, THOMAS. law, and settled at Hudson, New York. Hie was a member of the He was a Representative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1817 to Assembly in 1193; from 1795 to 1819. 1798, State Senator; in 1796 Assistant Attorney-General of the Counties of Columbia, and RensseBorn in Greene County, North laer, and a member of the Council Carolina, September 22, 1795. of Appointment; in 1802 was AtHis education was limited, but his torney-General for the State; in natural abilities were of a high 1804 was chosen Judge, and in 1810 order. In 1822 he was a member Chief Justice of the Supreme of the -louse of Commons; in Court of the State. In 1823 he 1823 of the Senate, where he con- retired from the bench, and was tinued until 1827, officiating several engaged at the bar; and was years as Speaker; and he was a Re- elected a Representative in Conpresentative in Congress, from North gress, from New York, from 1829 to Carolina, from 1829 to 1837. He 1831. He was also mayor of Aldeclined a re-election; removing to bany one term. He retired to the Mississippi, was elected to the Legis- village of Lyons, in 1839, and enlature there and made Speaker; and gaged in agricultural pursuits, and from 1845 to 1847, was a Senator in in 1844 was President of the NaCongress, from his adopted State. tional Whig Convention, at BaltiHe died at Columbus, Mississippi, more. He died at Lyons, March May 5, 1847. 13, 1848. SPENCE, JOHN S. SPENCER, ELIJAH. He was a Senator in Congress, He was a member of the New from Maryland, from 1837 to 1841, York Assembly in 1819; and a 546 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Representative in Congress, from Chancery; in 1813 he was Brigade that State, from 1821 to 1823. Judge-Advocate, in active service on the frontier; in 1814 he was apSPENCER, J. B. pointed Postmaster of CanandaiIHe served as a captain in the gua; in 1815 was Assistant Attorwar of 1812, and was in several en- ney-General for the western part of gagements; he was in the Legisla- the State; and in 1816 was elected ture of New York, in 1831 and to Congress, where he remained 1832; and was a Representative two years. While there he was one in Congress, from that State, from of the Committee who examined 1837 to 1839. He subsequently into the affairs of the United States held the various positions of Elec- Bank, and their report was drawn tor, Magistrate, County Judge, by his hand. In 1820 he was first Collector, and Indian Agent. He elected to the Assembly, and was died at Fort Covington, Kentucky, chosen Speaker. The next year he in March, 1848. was returned, but was in the minority. In 1824 he was elected to the SPENCER, JOHN C. State Senate, and served four years. He was born in Hudson, New He joined the Anti-Masonic party York, January 8, 1783. He en- and was appointed, by Governor tered Williams College, but soon Van Buren, Special Attorney-Genewent to Union College, where he ral, under the law passed for that graduated in 1806. President Nott purpose, to prosecute those conwas then at the head of the Col- nected with the alleged abduction lege, and one of the last profes- of Morgan. In 1832 he was again sional acts of Mr. Spencer was to elected to the Assembly. In 1839 defend in Court the President's Ad- he was appointed Secretary of ministration for many years of the State and Superintendent of Comaffairs of the College. Mr. Spen- mon Schools, and did much to recer was admitted to the bar in 1809, duce them to a system. He served and opened an office in Canandai- for two years. He was appointed gua. He lived in Canadaigua until Regent of the University in 1840. 1845, when he removed to Albany, In October, 1841, he was made where he resided until his death. Secretary of War, by President He was private secretary to Gover- Tyler, and in March, 1843, was nor Daniel D. Tompkins, and at the transferred to the Treasury Departage of nineteen, became connected ment, but resigned in 1844, from with public affairs, and from that his opposition to the annexation time until his last illness, no promi- of Texas. Mr. Spencer was a sucnent public event occurred in which cessful lawyer, but he achieved his he did not take an interest. In highest fame from his connection 1811 he was made Master in with the revision of the statutes of BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 447 New York. Not content with Accounts. He has been re-elected merely preparing the statutes, he to the Thirty-sixth Congress. followed them up with a series of essays explaining their purposes. SPRAGUE, PELEG. So great confidence was placed in He was a Representative in Conhim by the people, that he was se- gress, from New Hampshire, from lected to revise the whole body of 1797 to 1799, and is supposed to the law of the State; but his ad- have been the father of the Reprevancing age compelled him to de- sentative from Maine of the same cline the task. He was industrious, name. and a man of intellect and intense energy. He died at Albany, May SPRAGUE, WILLIAM. 18, 1855. He was born in Cranston, Rhode Island, in 1800. When quite young SPENCER, RICHARD. he was elected to the General AsHe was a Representative in Con- sembly, and in 1832 was chosen gress, from Maryland, from 1829 to Speaker of the House. In 1835 he 1831. was chosen Representative to Congress, and declined a re-election. SPINNER, FRANCIS E. He was Governor of Rhode Island, in 1838 and 1839, and in 1842 was Born in the town of German elected to the United States Senate. Flats, Herkimer County, New Flats, Herkimer County, New He was a member of the Assembly York, (where the village of Mo- of his State at the time of his hawk -now stands,) January 21, death, which occurred in Provi1802; and received most of his dence October 19 1851 instruction from his father, who was a highly educated German clergy- SPRAGUE, WILLIAM. man. For twenty years he was the executive officer of the Mohawk He was born in Rhode Island, Valley Bank; he held all the com- and removing to Michigan, was a missions, from the Governors of Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1851. New York, from a lieutenant to a that State, from 1849 to 1851. major-general of the State Artillery; was County Sheriff, and Commissioner for building the State Born in Maryland, and was elected Lunatic Asylum. From 1845 to a Representative in Congress, from 1849 he was Auditor in the Naval Kentucky, from 1841 to 1843. Office at New York; and in 1854 was elected a Representative to the SPRIGG, MICHAEL C. Thirty-fourth Congress, and was He was frequently a member re-elected to the Thirty-fifth, serving of the Maryland Legislature, at as a member of the Committee on one time President of the Chesa 448 BIoGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. peake and Ohio. Canal, and a Re- STANFORD, RICHARD. presentative in Congress, from 1827 lHe was a Representative in Conto 1831. He died at Cumberland, gress, from North Carolina, from Maryland, in December, 1845. 1797 to 1816. SPRIGG, RICHARD. STANLEY, EDWARD. He was a Representative in Con- Born in North Carolina, and gress, from Maryland, from 1796 to served three years in the House of 1799, and from 1801 to 1802. Commons, most of the time as Speaker; and was a Representative SPRIGG, THOMAS. in Congress, from 1837 to 1843, He was a Representative in Con- and again from 1847 to 1853. He gress, from Maryland, from 1793 to subsequently left his native State,'17~96. and emigrated to California. SPRUANCE, PRESLEY. STANLEY, JOHN. He was a Senator in Congress, He was born in North Carofrom Delaware, from 1847 to lina; was a distinguished member 1853. of the Legislature of North Carolina, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1801 to Born in Conecuh County, Ala- 1803, and again from 1809 to 1811. banma, April 7, 1822. He received He was an able and eloquent debaan academic education; studied ter, greatly respected for his talents law; served in the Legislature dur- and private character. While deing the years 1845-6, and 1847-8; livering a speech in the Legislature, was twice elected Solicitor for his in 1826, he was arrested by an atDistrict; and was elected a Repre- tack of heminplegia, from the effects sentative to the Thirty-fifth Con- of which he suffered until his death, gress, serving as a member of the August 3, 1834, at Newbern, North Committee on Commerce. Carolina. STANBERRY, WILLIAM. STANTON, BENJAMIN. He was a Representative in Con- Born at Mount Pleasant, Jeffergress, from Ohio, from 1827 to son County, Ohio, June 4, 1809. 1833. H3[e lived on a farm until the age of seventeen, and then worked at the STANDIFEIR, JAMES. trade of a tailor until he was twentyIH-e was a Representative in Con- one. He studied law, and settled gress, from Tennessee, from 1823 in Bellefontaine, Ohio, in April, to 1825, and again from 1829 to 1834, where he practiced his pro1837. He died near Kingston, fession. He was elected to the Tennessee, August 24, 1836. State Senate in 1841, resigned in BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 449 1842, but was re-elected the same New York, from 1847 to 1849, and year. In 1850 he was a delegate was a member of the Committee on to the Ohio Constitutional Conven- Accounts. tion, and in October of that year was elected to the House of IRepresenta- STEARNS, ASAHEL. tives of the Thirty-second Congress. He was born at Lunenburg, MasHe was re-elected to the Thirty- sachusetts, in 1774; graduated at fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses; Cambridge University in 1797; was and is one of the Regents of the Q) educated as a lawyer; practiced Smithsonian Institution, and a mem- with reputation many s at with reputation many years at ber of the Committee on Military Ceveral years Chelmsford; was several years Affairs. He has also been re-elect- County Attorney for Middlesex County Attorney for iddlesex ed to the Thirty-sixth Congress. County; was a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, STANTO}T, FREDERICK P. from 1815 to 1817; was appointed Born in the District of Columbia, Professor of Law at Cambridge in and was elected a ]Representative in 1817, and continued in the office Congress, from Tennessee, from 1845 till 1829, when he resigned. In to 1847', anad again from 18-47'5 to 1824 he published a volume on Real 1855. Actions-a learned work. Hle was STANTON, JOSEPH. afterwards appointed one of the Commissioners for revising the sta-, tutes of the Commonwealth. After from Rhlode Island, from 1190 to from Rhode Island, from 1790 to this work was completed, his health 1793, and was a Representative ine continued very declined, and he continued very Congress, from 1801 to 1807. feeble till his decease. He died at Cambridge, Massachusetts, FebruSTANTONT, RICHARD H. ary 5, 1839. Born in the District of Columbia, and was a Representative in Con- STEDMAN, WILLIAM. gress, from Kentucky, from 1849 to 5He graduated at Harvard Uni1855. versity in 1784; was a Representative in Congress, from MassachuSTARKWEATHER, DAVID A. setts, from 1803 to 1810; and died Born in Connecticut, and was in 1831. elected a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1839 to STEELE, JOHN. 1841, and again from 1845 to 1841. A Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1790 to - STARKWEATHER, GEORPGE A. 1793. He was born in Salisbury, Born in Connecticut, and was a November 1, 1764, and died AuRepresentative in Congress, from gust 14, 1815. He was brought up 29 450 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. a merchant, but turned his attention voted to redeeming from the hands to agricultural pursuits. He served of strangers, the home of his childa number of years in the State Le- hood, which had been sold after his gislature, part of the time as Speak- father's death, and upon which he er; wavs a member of the State Con- still resides. In 1836 he was electvention to consider the Constitution ed to the Lower House of the State of the United States; he was, in Legislature, where he served five 1806, Commissioner to adjust the years, devoting himself especially to boundaries between the States of the internal interest of his native North and South Carolina; was a State. In 1839 he was chosen a general of the militia; and held the delegate to the Commercial Conoffice of First Comptroller of the vention at Charleston, where he is Treasury, under Presidents Wash- said to have made a deep impression ington and Adams. On August 14, by his peculiar eloquence. In 1842 1815, he was again elected to the he was elected to the Senate of his Legislature, but on that day he State; and in 1843 he was elected a died. Representative in Congress, from Georgia, to which position he has STEELE, JOJIN N. been regularly re-elected to the preBorn in Maryland, and elected a sent time. He has served on many Representative in Congress, from committees, delivered many speechthat State, from 1835 to 1837. es; and it was while he officiated as Chairman of the Committee on STEENROP, LEWIS. Territories, that the Territory of o Minnesota was admitted into the pBorn itirgvinia, and elecCted a Union. He is still Chairman of the Representative in Congress, from ommittee on Territories. that State, from 1839 to 1845. STEPHENS, ALEXANDER IEl. STEPHENS, PHILANDER. Born in Taliaferro County, Geor- Was a member of the House of gia, February 11, 1812. IHe was Representatives in Congress, from left an orphan at the age of four- Pennsylvania, from 1829 to 1833. teen, when kind friends, unsolicited, He died at Springfield, Pennsylvafurnished him with the means to ob- nia, July 8, 1842, aged fifty-four tain an education, all of which he years. subsequently returned with interest. He prepared himself for college in STEPHENSON, BENJAMIN. nine months, and graduated at He was a Delegate in Congress, Franklin College in 1832. He from Illinois Territory, from 1815 studied law, and was admitted to to 1816, when he was appointed practice in 1834. After paying Receiver of Public Moneys in Edhis debts, his first earnings were de- wardsville, Illinois. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 451 STEPHENSON, JAMES. lature; and a Representative in He was born in Gettysburg, Penn- Congress, from 1821 to 1823. He sylvania, March 20, 1764, and hav-died at Watertown, New York, ing removed to Virginia at an early April 10, 1844. day, commanded a company in the campaign of General St. Clair; was present at the quelling of the Whis- He was a member of the House ky Insurrection in Pennsylvania, of Representatives of the United and was promoted to the office of States, from Maryland, from 1791 brigade-inspector; he served for to 1793; and died at Baltimore, many years as a Delegate to the July 12, 1833, aged seventy-seven Virginia Assembly; and was a Re- years. presentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1803 to 1805, from 1809 STETSON, CHARLES. to 1811, and again from 1822 to Born in New Hampshire, and 1825. He died in August, 1833. was a Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 1849 to 1851. STEPHENSON, JAMES S. STETSON, SAMUEL. HIe was a Representative in Con- STETSON, SAMUEL. gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1825 He was born in New York; to 1829; and died at Pittsburg, served for three years in the AsOctober 17, 1831. sembly of that State, and was a Representative in Congress, from STERIG, JOHN B. 1843 to 1845. He was born in Pennsylvania, andc STEVENS, ABRAHAM P. was a Representative in Congress, from Montgomery County, Penn- Born in New York, and elected sylvania, fiom 1827 to 1831, and a a Representative in Congress, from member, in 1829, of the Committee that State, from 1851 to 1853. on Private Land Claims. STEVENS, HESTOR L. WSTElRLING, ANSEL. HI e was born in New York, and He was a native of Connecticut, on taking up his residence in Michiand a Representative in Congress, gan, was elected a Representative from that State, from 1821 to 1825. in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. STERLING, MICAH. Born at Lyme, Connecticut, in STEVENS, ISAAC I. 1781, and graduated at Yale Col- H[e was born in North Andover, lege in 1804. He removed to the Massachusetts, in 1818; graduated State of New York, and was for at the West Point Military Acasome years a member of the Legis- demy in 1839, and entered the 452 BIoGRAPHICAL S ETCHES. corps of engineers, in which service where, after several sessions, he was he continued until 1853, when he elected Speaker of the House. He was appointed Governor and Su- was a Representative in Congress, perintendent of Indian Affairs for from Virginia, from 1821 to 1834, the Territory of Washington. This and for the Twentieth, Twenty-first, office he resigned in 1857, having and Twenty-second Congresses,from previously been elected a Delegate 1828 to 1834, was Speaker. He to Congress, from Washington Ter- was appointed Minister to Great ritory, where he still continues. As Britain in 1836, and remained there an officer of the army, he was at till he was succeeded by Mr. Everett, the siege of Vera Cruz, under in 1841. After his return to AmeGeneral Scott; fought in several rica, he devoted himself chiefly to subsequent battles; was severely agricultural pursuits, and to the wounded in the final assault upon interest of the University of Virthe City of Mexico, and was twice ginia, of which institution he was breveted for gallant services. He Rector at the time of his death. also served for a time as an assist- As a friend and neighbor he was ant in the Coast Survey Office in much beloved. He died at Blenheim, Washington City. When Governor Albemarle County, Virginia, Januof Washington Territory, he tra- ary 25, 1857, aged seventy-three. veled throughout its whole extent, and as Commissioner made many STEVENSON, JOHN W. treaties with the Indian tribes. Born in Richmond Virinia; Born in Rilchmond, Virginita; STEVENS, JAMES. graduated at the University of Virginia; read law, and settled in IH-e was born in Fairfield, Con- Covington, Kentucky, in 1841, pracnecticut; served in Congress as a ticing his profession with success; Representative, from that State, was elected to the Kentucky Legisfrom 1819 to 1821; and in 1822 lature in 1845, 1846, and 1847; in was appointed Postmaster at Stam- 1849 he was elected to the State ford; he died at that place, in Constitutional Convention, in which April, 1835, aged sixty-seven years. he took a leading part; he was a member of the Democratic National ST3EVENS, THADDEUS. Conventions of 1848,1852 and 1856; Born in Vermont, and was elected he was twice a Senatorial Elector; a Representative in Congress, from was one of three Commissioners apPennsylvania, from 1849 to 1853. pointed to revise the civil and criminal code of Kentucky; and was STEVENSON, ANDREW. elected a Representative in ConHe was a native of Virginia, and gress, from that State, and is a entered public life in 1804, as a member of the Committee on Elecmember of the State Legislature, tions. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 453 STEWART, ANDREW. STEWART, JOHN. Born in Fayette County, Penn- He was a Representative in Consylvania, in June 1792. He studied gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1800 law, and was admitted to the bar in to 1805. 1815; was soon afterwards elected to the State Legislature, and served STEWART, JOHN. three years; he was appointed, by Born in Chatham, Connecticut, President MIonroe, District Attor- in 1795; is by occupation a farmer; ney for Western Pennsylvania; and has served many years in the Conwas a Representative in Congress, necticut Legislature; and was a from 1821 to 1829, from 1831 to Representative in Congress, from 1835, and from 1843 to 1847. In that State, from 1843 to 1845. Congress and out of it, he was ever a warm advocate of what is known STEWART, WILLIAMI. as the "American protective sys- He was born in the town of temrn," and of late years he has been Mercer, Mercer County, Pennsyldevoted chiefly to the congenial vania, September 16, 1811; was pursuits of agriculture, though pay- educated at Jefferson College, in ing some attention to the business that State; studied law, and was of manufacturing. admitted to practice in 1835. He was a member of the State Senate STEWA RT, DAVID. STEWART, DAVID. of Pennsylvania for three years, and -le was a Senator in Congress, was elected a Representative, from from Maryland, from 1849 to 1850. that State, to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and re-elected to the ThirtySTEWART, JAMES. sixth. le is a member of the ComlIe was a Representative in Con- mittee on Expenses in the War gress, from North Carolina, during Department. the years 1818 and 1819. STILES, WILLIAMI H. STEWART, JAMES A. le was born in Georgia, and Hie was born in Dorchester Coun- elected a Representative in Conty, Maryland, Novellmber 24, 1808; gress, from that State, from 1843 to received a good education, and stu- 1845, and before leaving Washingdied law; served in the State Le- ton was appointed Charg6 d'Affaires gislature; was a Judge of the Cir- to Austria. cuit Court of Maryland; and was elected a Represeltative to the. JOHN, HENRY. Thirty-fourth, and re-elected to the He was born in New York, and Thirty-fifth Congress, and is Chair- was a Representative in Congress, man of the Committee on Patents. from Ohio, from 1843 to 1847. 454 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. ST. MARTIN, LOUIS. was placed in command of our fleet He nwas born in Lou:isiana, a~nd in the Pacific, and performed the was a IRepresentative in Congress, duties f Conmodore, General, and from that State, from 1851 to 1853. Governor, and the foundation of religion, education, and social proSTOCKTON, RICHARD. gress were laid by his instrumentality in many of those outposts of our orn at rinceton, ew Jersey, Western world. Soon after his April 17, 1764, and graduated at Naprilau, alliand7graduaa return from the Pacific he resigned Nassau Hall in 1779; on leaving. his commission in the navy, and college he studied law, and was ad- devoted himself to the internal immitted to practice at the age of provement of Mls native State. He twenty. In 1792 he was a Presiwas elected United States Senator, dential Elector. He was a Senator from 1851 to 1853, serving as a of the United States from 1796 to member of several important com1799, and a Representative in Congress from 1813 to 1815. In 1827 m tirement at Princeton. he was a Commissioner for settling the boundary line between New STODDART, EBENEZER. York and New Jersey. HIe was eminently distinguished for his talents, Born in West Woodstock, Conwas an eloquent and profound law- necticut, May 6, 1v86, and graduer, and during more than a quarter ated at Brown University in 1806; yer, and during more than a quarter he was a lawyer by profession, and of a century was at the head of the he was a lawyer by profession, al bar in New Jersey. He dlied Mairch practiced extensively; had several 7, 1828, at Princeton. years been a member of the State Legislature; and was LieutenantSTOCKTON, ROBERT FIELD. Governor of the State for one year. H-le was a Representative in ConHie was born at Princeton, New Jersy. E gress, from 1821 to 1825, and died Jersey. Early in life he entered tost k Aut, 1848 the United States navy, and was actively engaged in some of the STODDART, JOHN T. most important naval battles during the war of 1812. I-Ie commanded He was a Representative in Conthe American squadron on the coast gress, from Maryland, from 1833 to of Africa, and he was one of the 1835, and was a member of the founders of the Colony of Liberia. Committees on Claims and on the He was one of the first of our com- District of Columbia. manders to introduce and apply steam to naval purposes, the famous STOKELY, SAMUEL. sloop-of-war Princeton having been He was born in Ohio, received a built under his supervision. When liberal education; adopted the prowar was declared with Miexico, he fession of law; served in the State BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 455 Legislature; and was a Represen- position he resigned, on account of tative in Congress, from Ohio, from disagreements with his constituents. 1841 to 1843, serving on two pro- Died October 7, 1818. minent committees. STONE, JAMES. STOKES, AIONTFORD. Born in Kentucky, and was a Born in North Carolina in 1760; Representative in Congress, front was for several years Clerk of the that State, from 1843 to 1845. Superior Court, and subsequently of the Senate, in which capacity he STONE, JAMIES W. became so popular as to be elected Born in Kentucky in 1813, and to the United States Senate, which died October 13, 1854. I-e was a honor he declined. I-e was again Representative in Congress, from elected in 1816 to the same posi- 1843 to 1845, and again from 1851 tion, and served until 1823. In to 1853. 1826 he went into the General AsSTONE, MIICHAEL. sembly as Senator, in 1829 into the Commons, also in 1830, when he He was born in Charles County, was elected Governor of the State. Maryland, about the year 1750, and In 1831 he was appointed, by Presi- died in 1812. He was a Repredent Jackson, Indian Agent in sentative in Congress, from his naArkansas, where he died, in 1842. tive State, from 1789 to 1791; and was subsequently, for many years, STONE, ALFRED P. Judge of the Charles County Court. He was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1844 to, 1845. He was a Representative in ConSTONE, DAVID. gress, from Tennessee, from 1838 to 1839. Born in Bertie County, North Carolina, February 17, 1770; gra- STORER, BELLAMY. duated at Princeton College in He was a Representative in Con1788; studied law, and rose to gress, from Ohio, from 1835 to a high position at the bar; he 1837, and was a member of the was four years in the State Le- Committee on Revolutionary Pengislature; Judge of the Supreme sions. Court from 1795 to 1798; a Representative in Congress, from 1799 to STORER, CLEMENT. 1801; a Senator in Congress, from He was born in 1760, and died 1801 to 1807; Governor of North at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, Carolina in 1808; and served a November 22, 1830. I-Ie was a second term as United States Se- United States Senator, from New nator, from 1813 to 1814, which Hampshire, from 1817 to 1819. 456 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. STORRS, HENRY R. dent Madison, a Judge of the SuBorn in PM~iSiddletown, Connecti- preme Court of the United States, cut in He graduated at which office he held until his death. cut, in 17 8 7. He graduated at Yale College in 1804; practiced He acquired a large fortune from Ylaw some years at U4tica, Ncew his practice as a lawyer, and it is r i, Ne said that his income from the sale YTork, and during his residence there, was a;Representative in Con-gs, which are gress, from 1819 to 1821, and from numerous and of the highest order, 1823 to 1831. He afterwards es- numbering twenty-seven volumes, tablisbhed himself in the City of with thirty-four volumes of decisions, has amounted to ten tlhouNew York, where he soon becameounted to ten thousand dollars per annum. In 1830 a very eminent practitioner in his profession. ]H3e was possessed of he was appointed Dane Professor in the Law School of Harvard extensive and various acquirements, uncommon poers of discriina- University; and subsequently pubuncommon powers of discrimina-, lished his Commentaries on the tion, great logical exactness, and a ready and powerful elocution; and Constitution of the United States. ready and powrerful elocution; and In early life he was a writer of as a debater in Congress, he stood In early life e was a writer of conspicuous in the first rank. He poetry, and in his later years, was considered, even in England, "the died July 29, 1837, at;New Haven..., first of living writers on law." He STORRS, WILLIAM L. received the degree of LL.D. from the Colleges of HIarvard, Brown, He was born in Connecticut; and tmoth. e died in amand Dartmouth. He died in Camgraduated at Yale College in 1814; bridge, September 10, 1845. bridge, September 10, 1845. His adopted the law as a profession; life was published by his son, life was published by his son, W. was a iPepresentative in Congress, W. Story, in 1851. from Connecticut, from 1829 to 1833, and again from 1839 to 1840; STOW, SILAS. and has, for many years past, been Ie was a Representative in Conthe Chief Justice of the Supreme gress, from New York, from 1811 Court of Connecticut. to 1813. STOWER, JOHN G. STORY, JOSEPH. B~orIn in Mi~arblehead, ~Miassachu- BHe was a Representative in Consetts, Septemnber 18, 1'79. -le gress, from New York, from 1827 graduated at Harvard C ollege in to 1829, and was a State Senator, 1~98; stcudied law; ~was a member from'Madison County, in 1833 and of the State Legislature in 1805, and elected Speaker; and during STRANAHAN, J. S. T. the years 1808 and 1809, he was a He was born in New York, and Representative in Congress. In was a Representative in Congress, 1811, he was appointed, by Presi- from that State, from 1855 to 1857. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 457 STRANGE, ROBERT. STREET, RANDALL S. Born in Virginia, September 20, He was born in New Haven, Con1796; educated at Hampden Sid- necticut, and was a Representative ney College; studied law and re- in Congress, from New York, from moved to North Carolina, where 1819 to 1821. he took a high position in his profession; he served a number of STROHM, JOIIN. years in the State Legislature; He was born October 16, 793, -was elected in 1826 a Judge of the in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, Superior Court; and held the of- in what is now Fulton Township; fice until he was elected a Senator received a common school educaof the United States, from 1837 to tion, and taught a school for six 1841, but resigned his seat in 1840, years. In 1831 he was elected a having received from his State in- Representative in the Legislature structions incompatible with his of his native State, serving three ideas of duty. He was subsesessions in the House and eight in quently appointed Solicitor for the the Senate, and during one term as Fifth Judicial District of the State, Speaker. He was a Representative and toward the close of his life, in Congress, from 1845 to 1847, was wholly devoted to his profes- and for a second term ending in sion. He died in 1854. 1849. STRATTON, CHARLES C. STRONG, CALEB. He was born in New Jersey, and Born in January, 1745, and grawas a Representative in Congress, duated at Harvard College in 1764. from that State, from 1837 to 1839, In consequence of poor health he and again from 1841 to 1843. did hot commence the practice of law for eight years afterwards. He - ST~RATTOIN, JOHN. spent his life at Northampton, He was a Representative in Con- where his paternal ancestors had gress, from Virginia, from 1801 to lived from the year 1659. He held 1803. various public offices. In 1780 he was chosen one of the Council of XSTERATTOXN, NATHAN T. iMassachusetts. In 1779 he assisted Born in New Jersey, and was a in forming the Constitution of that Representative in Congress, from State; and in 1787 he also assistthat State, from 1851 to 1855. ed in forming the Constitution of the United States. From 1789 to STRAUB, CHRISTIAN M. 1797 he was a Senator in Congress, Born in Pennsylvania, and was a and from 1800 to 1807 he was GoRepresentative in Congress, from vernor of the State; also, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. 1812 to 1815. Governor Strong 458 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. was a man of unimpeachable moral gress, from New York, from 1839 character, and he possessed a vigor- to 1841. ous and well cultivated mind. He died November 7, 1819. STRONG, WILLIAM. He was born in Windhaul CounSTRONG, JAMES. ty, Connecticut, and was a RepreHe was born in Windham, Con- sentative in Congress, from Vernecticut, in 1783, and graduated at mont, from 1811 to 1815, and again the University of Vermont in 1806; from 1819 to 1821. was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1819 to STRONG, WILLIAM. 1821; and again from 1823 to Born in Somers, Tolland County, 1831. He died in Chester, New Connecticut, May 6, 1808; attendJersey, August 8, 1847. ed Plainfield Academy, and graduated at Yale College in 1828; STRONG, SELAH B. taught school in Connecticut and He was born in Brookhaven, New Jersey; studied law in New Long Island, May 1, 1792; gradu- Haven, and was admitted to the ated at Yale College in 1811; bar, in Philadelphia, in 1832; and studied law, and was admitted to was a Representative in Congress, the bar in 1814; was at one time from Pennsylvania, from 1847 to Attorney for Suffolk County; a 1851. Representative in Congress, from 1843 to 1845; and was appointed,E F. in 1847, a Judge of the Supreme He was a native of Culpepper Court of New York. County, Virginia, a lawyer by profession, and a Representative in STRONG, SOLOAMON. Congress, from Virginia, from 1817 He was a Representative in Con- to 1820, when he was appointed gress, from Massachusetts, from Receiver of Public Moneys at St. 1815 to 1819. Louis, Missouri. STRONG, STEPHEN. STROTHER, JAMES F. He was born in Connecticut, and He was born in Culpepper Counwas a Representative in Congress, ty, Virginia, September 4, 1811, from New York, from 1845 to 1847. received a collegiate education, and adopted the profession of law, which STRONG, THERON R. he still continues to practice. He He was born in Connecticut; served ten years in the Legislature served in the Assembly of New- of Virginia, having occupied the York, from Wayne County, in 1842; chair of Speaker during the sessions and was a Representative in Con- of 1847 and 1848. H-le was a mem BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 459 ber, in 1850, of the Convention cond Congresses, and was elected, in which formed the present Constitu- 1853, a Senator in Congress, where tion of the State; and a Represen- he still continues, serving as Chairtative in Congress, from 1851 to man of the important Committee on 1853. Public Lands. STRUDWICK, WILLIAM E. STUART, DAVID. He was a Representative in Con- Born in New Yori, and was gress, from Maryland, froml 17 96 to a Representative in Congress, from 1791. )Michigan, from 1853 to 1855. STUART, ALEXANDER H. H. STUART JOHN T. He was born in Virginia; studied Born in Kelntucly, and was a law, and settled in the practice of r his. profo at S n Representative in Congress, from his profession at Staunton, Vir-Illinois fro 139 to 1843. ginia; served a number of years in the Legislature of Virginia; STUART PHILIP. was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843; He was a Representative in Conanwsppie,. gress, from Maryland, from 1811 to and was appointed, by President Fillmore, Secretary of the Interior Department. His last public STURGEON, DANIEL. position, which he now occupies, He was a Senator in Congress, is that of State Senator in the Le-from Pennsylvania, from 1840 to gislature of Virginia. 1851. STUART, ANDREW. STURGES, JONATHAN. Born in Pennsylvania; and was Born in Pennsylvania; and was Born at Fairfield, Connecticut, elected a Representative in ConAugust 23, 1740; graduated at Yale gress, from Ohio, from 1853 to 1855. Collegein 1759,andbecame alawyer. STUART, ARCHIIBALD. In 1775 he was chosen a Delegate to Congress; he espoused and supportEe was born in Virginia, and elected a Representative in Con- ed the cause of Independence, and elected a Representative in Conwas a Representative in Congress gress, from that State, from 1837 to was a epresentative Congress, 1839. from 1789 to 1793, when he was appointed a Judge of the Supreme STUART, CHARLES E. Court of Connecticut, and continued IHe was born in Columbia Coun- in the office until 1805. He died at ty, New York, November 25, 1810, Fairfield, October 4, 1819. and adopted the profession of law. He was a member of the Michigan STURGES, LEWIS BURR. Legislature in 1842; a:Representa- Born in Fairfield, Connecticut, in tive in the Thirtieth and Thirty-se- i 1762, and graduated at Yale Col 460 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. lege in 1782. He was a Represen- and Twenty-eighth Congresses. In tative in Congress, from Connecti- 1850 he was elected a member of cut, from 1805 to 1817; and subse- the State Convention which framed quently emigrated to the State of the present Constitution of VirgiOhio. He died in Norwalk, Ohio, nia. In 1851 he was unanimously March 30, 1844. nominated as the Whig candidate for Governor, at the first election of SULLIVAN, GEORGE. the Governor by the people, that He was born in Durham,:New officer having been previously chosen HEampshire, in 1772; graduated at by the Legislature, but was defeatHarvard University in 1790, and ed. In May, 1852, he was elected commenced in early life the practice Judge of the Eighteenth Judicial of law in Exeter, which he continued Circuit in Virginia, and having for more than forty years, and ac- served in that capacity for six quired a high reputation. IHe was years, he resigned his office, July a- Representative in the General 1, 1858, there being two years of Court, in 1805 and 1813; a Repre- the term for which he had been sentative in Congress, in 1811 and elected unexpired. He is now de1812; and a member of the State voting himself to agriculture, and Senate, in 1814 and 1815. HI-e was the practice of law. twenty-one years Attorney-General of the State, which office he resigned SUMNER, CHARLES. in 1836,. ie died at Exeter, June in 1836 He died at Exeter, June Born in Boston, January 6, 1811. 14, 1838, highly esteemed for his After preparing himself at a Latin talents and public usefulness. talents and public sefulessschool in his native city, he entered Harvard College in 1826, and in SUMMERS, GEORGE W. 1831 commenced his studies at the He was born in Fairfax County, Cambridge Law School. While Virginia, near Alexandria, but has yet a student, he wrote several arlived from infancy in IKanawha tides in the American Jurist, which County, in the western part of the attracted attention, and before his State. He was educated for the admission to the bar he became the legal profession, and came to the editor of that periodical. He conbar in 1827. In 1830 he was tinned to occupy this position for elected a member of the House of three years. He was admitted to Delegates, and continued to repre- the bar in 1834, and commenced sent Kanawha County in the Le- the practice of his profession in gislature for several years. He Boston, where he was appointed rewas elected to the House of Repre- porter to the Circuit Court, and sentatives in the spring of 1841, published three volumes known as and re-elected in 1843, serving "Sumner's Reports." During the throughout the Twenty-seventh three winters succeeding his admis BIOGRAPHICAL SIETCHES. 461 sion to the bar, and again in 1843, SUTHERLAND, JOEL B. he lectured at the Cambridge Law le was a Representative in ConSchool, by invitation of the faculty. gress, from Philadelphia County, In 1837 he visited Europe, where Pennsylvania from 1827 to 1837 he remained until the spring of and was Chairman of the Cor1840. On the death of Judge mittee on Commerce dring the Story, in 1845, he was offered the Twenty-fourth Congress. appointment to the chair he had occupied, but he declined the honor. He was elected to the Senate of SUTIEPLAND, JOSIAH. the United States in 1851, which He was born in New York, and position he continues to hold at the was elected a Representative to the present time. Since the assault Thirty-second Congress, from that made upon him by Mir. Preston State. Brooks, on the floor of the Senate, SWAN, S A3MIUEL. he has not taken any part in the proceedings of that body, and has Born in 1771, was a Represenagain visited Europe for the benefit tative in Congress, from New Jerof his health. sey, from 1821 to 1831, and died at Brunswick, New Jersey, August 24,2 1844. SUMIITER, THOMAS. SWYANWICK, JOHN. A distinguished soldier of the American Revolution; was a citizen Re was a Representative in Conof South Carolina; and was pro- gress, from Pennsylvania, from moted, by Governor Rutledge, in 1795 to 1798. 1780, from the office of colonel to that of brigadier-general. For his SWART, PETER. services he received the thanks of -IHe was a member of the New Congress, and the applause of his York Senate, from Schoharie Councountry. In 1809 he was appoint- ty, from 1817 to 1820, and had ed Miipister to Brazil, and on his been a Representative in Congress, return, in 1811, he was chosen a from that State, from 1807 to 1809. Senator of the United States. He died suddenly, June 1, 1832, aged SWEARINGEN, HENRY. ininety-seven. jBorn in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from SUMTER, THOMAS D. Ohio, from 1839 to 1841. Born in Pennsylvania, and elected a Representative in Congress, SWEARINGEN, THOMAS V. from South Carolina, from 1840 to He was born in Jefferson Coun1843. ty, Virginia, and elected a Repre 462 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. sentative in Congress, from that himself as a lawyer at Windham, State, from 1819 to 1821. Connecticut, where his superior talents gained him a lucrative practice SWEENY. GEORGlE. in his profession. He was a RepreBorn in Pennsylvania, and was a sentative in Congress, from ConRepresentative in Congress, from necticut, from 1I93 to 179, and in Ohio, from 1839 to 1843. 1800 was secretary to Ellsworth, Davie, and Mnurray in their mission SWEETSER, CHARLES. to France. Soon after his return he in Vermont and was a Re- was placed on the bench of the SuBorn in Vermont, ancd was a [Reoreen perior Court of the State, where he presentatfve in Congress, firom Ohio, pfroen 1849 to 1853in Congressfrom, continued eighteen years, during the from 1849 to 1853. last five of which he was Chief JusSWIFT, BENJAMIN. tice. He was afterwards a member of the State Legislature, and was He was born at Amenia, New,one of a committee to revise the York, April 5, 1781; he received Statute Laws of tle State. He puban academic education; studieclaw, lished severalworks; among them and was admitted to practice at was a Digest of the Laws of ConBennington in 1806; he was settled Recticut7 on the model of Blackfor a time in Manchester, and sub- stone. e died at Warren, Ohio sequently in St. Albans, where he Septeer, 1823. rose to eminence in his profession. In 1813 and 1814, 1825 and 1826, SWOOPE, JACOB. he was a Representative to the GeHie was a 1%epresentative in Conneral Assembly, and was a Repregress, from Virginia, from 1809 to sentative in Congress, from Ver- 11 mont, from 1827 to 1831. He received the degree of A.M. from SWOPE, SAMUEL F. Middlebury College in 1820, and He was born inr Kentucky, and was a member of the corporation of was a Representative, in- Congress, that institution, from 1830 to 1839. n 1833 he as elected to the from that State, from 1855 to 1857. In 1833 he was elected to the Senate of the United States for six SYKES, GEORGE. years, after which he retired to pri-, vate life. While in apparent good He was born in New Jersey, and health he died suddenly, in an open was a Representative in Congress, field on his farm, November 1 1,1841. from that State, from 1843 to 1847. SWIFT, ZEPHANIAH. TAGGART, S SAMUEL. Born in Wareham, Massachu- Born in Londonderry, Mfassachusetts, in 1759; graduated at Yale setts, and graduated at Dartmouth College in 1778, and established in 1774; he studied for the minis BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 463 try, and settled in Coleraine in 177. -member of the United States SeHe was elected a Representative in nate, and for a second term, from Congress, from Massachusetts, serv- 1820 to 1825. HI-e died near Franking from 1803 to 1817, and died in fort, September 27, 1837. 1825, aged seventy-one years. TALBOT, SILAS. TAIT, CHARLES. He was a Representative in ConHe was born in Louisa County, gress, from New York, from 1793 Virginia, but removed at an early to 1794, when he was appointed, by age to Georgia. He was for several President Washington, captain in years a Judge of the Superior the navy, having previously served Court of Georgia, and a Senator in a number of years in the State AsCongress, from that State, from sembly, from Montgomery County. 1809 to 1819. He distinguished himself as a supporter of the ad- TALIAFERRO, BENJAMIN. ministrations of Madison and Mon- He was a Representative in Conroe. In 1819 he removed to Ala- gress, from Georgia, from 1'799 to bama, and was appointed a Judge 1802. of the District Court, when first established in that State, which of- TALIAFERRO, JOHN. fice he resigned in 1826. He died He was born in Virginia in 1768; in Wilcox County, Alabama, Octo- was a Representative in Conber 7, 1835, in the sixty-eighth year gress, from that State, from 1801 to of his age. 1803, from 1811 to 1813, from 1824 to 1831, and from 1835 to 1843. TALBOT, ALBERT G. For three years before his death he He was born in Kentucky, and was Librarian of the Treasury Dewas elected a Representative, from partment in Washington. tHe died that State, to the Thirty-fourth at his residence in Virginia, August and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and is 18, 1853. Chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the VWar Depart- TALLMADGE, BENJAMIN. ment, and a member of that on He was born in Litchfield, ConRoads and Canals. necticut, about the year 1754 His military services were very valuable; TALBOT, ISTIAM. i he acted a prominent part in the He was born in Bedford County, capture of Andre; planned and Virginia, in 1773; received a good conducted the expedition in 1780, education; studied law, and prac- which resulted in the capture of ticed with success; he was a mem- Fort George and the destruction of ber of the Kentucky Senate, from the British stores on Long Island; 1812 to 1815; from 1815 to 1819 a and was a member of Washington's 564 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. military family. After the war, founders of the University of New having attained the rank of gene- York, and was President of the ral, he engaged in mercantile pur- Council. He was honored with suits, and acquired a large property. the degree of LL.D. from that inHe was a Representative in Con- stitution. He died, suddenly, in gress, from Connecticut, from 1801 New York City, September 29, to 1817. He was highly respected 1853. for his public services and private character, and died at Litchfield, TAILAMADGE, NATHANIEL P. Connecticut, March 6, 1835. He was born in Chatham, Columbia County, New York, FebTALLMADGE, JAMES. ruary 8, 1795; graduated at Union College; studied law, and was adI-le was born in Stanford, Dutchess mitted to the bar in 1818; was a County, New iYork, January 28, member of the Assembly of New 1788; graduated at Brown Uni- BYork in 1828; of the State Senate, versity in 1798, and was by profes- from 1830 to 1833; a Senator in sion a lawyer. He was early in his Congress, from New Yorki, from public life private secretary to Go- 1833 to 184; and was subsequently verner Clinton, and during the war appointed, by President Tyler, Terof 1812 commanded a portion of ritorial Governor of Wisconsin the force detailed for the defence of where he now resides, devoted to New York City. From 1811 to his profession. 1819 he was a Representative in Congress, from New York, and de- TALLMAAN, PELEG-. dined a re-election; he was a mem- lie was born at Tiverton, Rhode ber of the Convention which framed Island, in 1764; in 1778, at the age the Constitution of the State, and of fourteen, he entered into the priin 1823 was elected to the Assembly vateering service for employment; from Dutchess County. From 1825 in 1780 he had his left arm shot to 1828 he was Lieutenant-Govenor, off; and in 1781 he was taken priunder Clinton, and in 1846 a mem- soner, and was confined in Ireland her of the Constitutional Conven- and England till the peace in 1783. tion of New York. For the last He soon afterwards became comtwenty years of his life he was Pre- mander of a merchant vessel, and, sident of the American Institute inll after following a seafaring life for New York. He visited Europe, many years, he devoted himself to and benefited the United States by the business of a merchant, and achis introduction of a knowledge of quired a large fortune. He was a American machinery into Russia, Representative in Congress, from and induced that government to 3M/assachusetts, from 1811 to 1813, adopt it in their manufacture of and died at Bath, Maine,; larch 8, cotton goods. He was one of the 1841. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 465 TALMADGE, FREDERICK A. as Chairman of the Committee on the Library. He died at Steubenlie was born in Litchfield, Con- the ibr. He died at Steubennecticut, August 29, 1792; gra-, duated at Yale College in 1811, TAPPAN, MASON W. and having studied law, settled in New York, to practice, in 1814; in Born in Newport, Sullivan Coun1836 he was elected an alderman of ty, New the city, and also a State Senator; lege, and studied law as a profession; he was a member of the State was, subsequently, five years Re- Legislature in 1853, 1854, and 1855; corder of the city; a Representa-,, tive, from New York, of the Thir- and a Representative, from New.'. Hampshire, in the Thirty-fourth tieth Congress; was again Recorder mpshire, in the Thirty-fourth for three years, and in 1857 was Congress, and re-elected to the appointed General Superintendent Thirty-fifth, and is a member of the Committee on the Judiciary. of the Metropolitan Police, in which Committee on the Judiciary. position he is now acting. TARR, CHRISTIAN. TANNEHILL, ADAMSON. He was born in Baltimore, Maryland, and was a Representative in He was a Representative in Con- Congress, from Pennsylvania, from gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1813 and again from 1820 1817 to 1819, and again from 1820 to 1815. to 1821. TAPPAN, BENJAMIN. TATE, MAGNUS. Born at Northampton, MIassa- He was a Representative in Conchusetts, May 25, 1773; was taught gress, from North Carolina, from the business of copper-plate en- 1815 to 1817. graving and printing; devoted some attention to portrait painting; and TATNALL, EDWARD F. subsequently studied and adopted He was a Representative in Conthe profession of law. In 1799 he the profession of law. In 1799 he gress, from Georgia, from 1821 to emigrated to Ohio, and was one of 1827. the earliest settlers there; in 1803 was elected to the Legislature of TATTNALL, JOSIAH. the new State; he served in the war He was born at Bonaventure, of 1812 as aid-de-camp to General near Savannah, and died in the Wadsworth; was for seven years West Indies, in 1804. His boyPresident Judge of the Fifth Ohio hood was full of adventure, and at Circuit; in 1833 he was appointed, the age of eighteen he joined the by President Jackson, United States army of General Wayne, at EbeneJudge for the Ohio District; and zer. In 1793 he was appointed he was a Senator in Congress, from colonel of a Georgia regiment, and Ohio, from 1839 to 1845, serving in 1800 a brigadier-general, partici30 466 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. pating extensively in the military has passed through four editions, affairs of the State, and serving oc- and been highly applauded by the casionally in the Legislature. He critics of England and France. also served in 1796 at Louisville, in He has also written much in behalf the General Assembly that rescinded of popular education, and his colthe Yazoo Act of 1795; and was a lected addresses and lectures make Senator in Congress, from Georgia, quite a large and interesting vofrom 1796 to 1799. lume. TAYLOR, JOHN. TATUM, ABSALOM. A Representative in Congress He graduated at Princeton ColA IPlepresentative in Congress, from North Carolina, during the lege in 1aI90; was distinguished years 195 and 1796. for his attention to agriculture, and years 1795 and 1796. published a work entitled " ConTAUL, MICAH, structor Construed: an Inquiry into the Principles and Policy of He was a Representative in Conthe Government of the United gress, from Kentucky, from 1815 to the Government of the nited States, 1814; " and was a Senator of the United States, from VirTAYLOR, GEORGE. ginia, from 1792 to 1794, in 1803, He was born in Wheeling, Vir- and from 1822 to 1824. He died ginia, October 19, 1820, and after in Caroline County, Virginia, Aureceiving a liberal education, turned gust 20, 1824, at an advanced age. his attention to the study of medicine, but subsequently adopted the TAYLOR, JOHN. profession of law; he was admitted He was a Representative in Conto the bar in 1840, and removed to gEress, from South Carolina, from Indiana, where he was successful as g o a special pleader. In 1844 he re- 80m to 1810, a nd for a second term, from 1815 to 1817, when he moved to Alabama, and there pracwas appointed Receiver of Public ticed his profession for four years, after which he removed to hNew Moneys in Mississippi Territory. York, where he now resides. In 1856 he was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, He was born in Massachusetts, and is a member of the Committees and having settled in New York on Revolutionary Claims, and on was elected a Representative in the Cost of Public Buildings. As Congress, from that State, from an author, writing upon topics 1853 to 1855. connected with the natural sciences, he has been successful. A TAYLOR, JOHN L. work published in 1851, and en- Born in Stafford County, Virtitled " Indications of the Creator," ginia, March 7, 1805; was educated BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 467 in the common schools and semi- Louisiana, was elected a Reprenaries of the neighborhood; studied sentative, from that State, to the law in Washington City, and was Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Conadmitted to the bar in 1828; set- gresses, and he is a member of the tiled in Chillicothe, Ohio, in 1829; Committees on Claims, and on the he was for six years major-general Judiciary. of the Ohio militia; and he was a Representative in Congress, from TAYLOR, NATHANIEL G. Ohio, from 1847 to 1855, serving He was born in Tennessee, and from time to time on important was a Representative in Congress, committees. from that State, from 1854 to 1855. TAYLOR, JOHN W TAYLOR, ROBERT. Born in Saratoga County, New He was a Representative in ConYork, in 1784, and graduated at gress, from Virginia, his native Union College in 1803. He studied State, from 1825 to 1827. law in Albany; was elected to the State Legislature in 1811, and, while in that body was elected to He was a Senator in Congress, Congress, where he served from Indiana, from 1816 to 1825, 1813 to 1833. He was Speaker of and died August 26, 1826. the House, during the second session of the Sixteenth Congress,, during the passage of the Missouri He was born in Connecticut; was Compromise. He removed to a Representative in Congress, from Cleveland, Ohio, in 1843, where New York, from 1833 to 1839, and he died in September, 1854. He served two years in the Assembly was for many years a leading and of that State, from New York prominent stateman of New York, City, and two years from Onondaga and was esteemed for his personal County. virtues and liberal hospitality. TAYLOR, WILLIAM. TAYLOR, JONATHAN. Born in Alexandria, District of Columbia; was elected a RepreHe was a native of Connecticut, sentative in Congress, from Virand having removed to Ohio, was ginia, from 1843 to 1847, but died elected a Representative in Con- in Washington City, January 17, gress, from that State, from 1839 1846. to 1841. ~~~to 1841. ~TAYLOR, WILLIAM. TAYLOR, MILES. He was born in Virginia, and He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, having taken up his residence in from that State, from 1833 to 1835. 468 B I G R P H I C AL SK E T C ES. TAZEWELL, HENRY. the assertors of his country's rights; He was a Senator in Congress, and was present at the battle of Bunker's Hill, where he was emfrom Virginia, from 1794 to 1799. Bnker's Hill, where he was emHe died Jaary 24, 199. ployed in attending upon the wounded. He served during the whole war, and was attached to the TAZEWELL, LITTLETON W. Rhode Island line of the Provincial He was a Representative in Con- army. At the close of the war he gress, from Virginia, during the retired from his profession, and setyears 1800 and 1801; a Senator tied at Exeter, New Hampshire. of the United States, from 1824 to For many years he was Judge of 1833; and Governor of Virginia, and in 1800waselected from 18374 to 183Z7. a Representative in the Congress of the United States, serving until TELFAIR, THOMAS. TELFAIR, THOMIAS. 1807. His death, which occurred He was a Representative in Con- in 1816, was universally regretted. gress, from Georgia, from 1813 to An ardent lover of his country, a 1817. faithful expounder of her laws and institutions, and an elegant scholar, T:EN EYCK, E. his memory is still fondly cherished He was born in Rensselaer Coun- by many who knew him. ty, New York, April 18, 1.779; graduated at Williams College; TERRILL, WILLIAM. studied law in Albany; was a mem- He was frequently a member of ber of the Assembly in 1812 and the Georgia Legislature, and was a 1813, and Speaker; member also of Representative in Congress, from the Constitutional Convention of that State, from 1817 to 1821. Be1822; and a Representative in Con- coming tired of politics, he took gress, from New York, from 1823 great interest in the promotion of to 1825. I-Ie also held the offices agricultural science, and in 1853 he of Judge of the Jefferson County -made a donation of $20,000 for the Court, and president of a county'e sablishment of an agricultural proagricultural society. He died at fessorship in the University of GeorWatertown, New York, April 11, gia, which professorship bears his 1844. name. I-e was one of the most TENNEY, SAMUEL. accomplished and usefiul citizens of his State, and died at Sparta, Was born at Byfield, 3Massa- Georgia, July 4, 1855. chusetts; and having received a collegiate education at Harvard TERRY, NATHANIEL. University, commenced the study Born in Enfield, Connecticut, in of medicine. When the revolution- 1768, and graduated at Yale College ary war began, he was found among in 1786. He resided in Hartford, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 469 Connecticut, and held various offices to the entire satisfaction of the pubin his native State; from 1817 to lie. He was famous for his wit, and 1819 was a Representative in Con- when a bill was reported in Congress gress; and died in New Haven, respecting the use of the eagle on June 14, 1844. American coin, he playfully recommended a goose, for which he was TEST, JO1N. challenged by the reporter of the He was a native of iN~ew Jersey, bill, and the challenge he ridiculed. and emigrated to Indiana; was a THACHER, SAMUEL. Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1823 to 1827, and He was born in Massachusetts; from 1829 to 1831. He was Pre- graduated at Harvard University in siding Judge of one of the Circuit 1793; and was a Representative in Courts of Indiana; and afterwards Congress, from Massachusetts, from removed to Mobile, Alabama, where 1802 to 1805. he gained a high reputation for his learning and talents as a lawyer., He died near Cambridge City, In- Born in M endon, Worcester diana, October 9, 1849. County, Massachusetts, June 11, 1819; graduated at Brown UniverTI-IACI-IER, GEORGE. sity; is a farmer by occupation; and served as alderman of the City Born in Yarmouth, MassachuBoriYrmut, Maof Worcester in 1853; he was a setts, April 12, 1754; graduated at,R'epresentative in the MassachuHarvard College in 1776; studied chusetts Legislature during the law, and established himself to pracyears 1853 and 1854, and elected a tice in Biddeford, Maine; he was a tice in Biddeford, Maine; e was a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Delegate to the old Congress, and ton J Congress, from that State, serving on the adoption of the Constitution, a as a reemlber of the Colmlmittee on the served as a Representative in Con- Militia. He has been re-elected to gress, from Massachusetts, from 1 8 9 the Thirty-sixt Congress. the Thirty-sixth Congress. to 1801; in 1792 he was elected a District Judge, in Maine, serving THIBODEAUX, B. G. until 1800, when he was chosen a He was born in Louisiana, and Judge of the Supreme Court in was a Representative in Congress, Massachusetts; and he held the latfrom that State, from 1845 to 1847, ter office until January, 1824, when and for a second term ending in he resigned, and died on the sixth 1849. of April following. HIe was also a member of the Convention which THOMAS, DAVID. formed the Constitution of Maine, He was a Representative in Conin 1819. He was a man of superior gress, from New York, from 1801 abilities, and performed allhis duties to 1808; served four years in the 470 BIOG RAPHICAL S KETCHES. Assembly of that State; and also held the position from 1818 to 1829, held the position of State Trea- and serving on important Commitsurer. tees. He died in February, 1850. THOMAS, FRANCIS. THOMAS, JOHN C. He was born in Frederick Coun- He was a Representative in Conty, Maryland, February 3, 1799; gress, from Maryland, from 1799 to educated at St. John College, in 1801. that State; studied law, and was THOMAS, PHILEMON. admitted to the bar in 1820; was a member of the House of Delegates A native of North Carolina, in 1822, 1827, and 1829; and he where, during the revolutionary was a Representative in Congress, war, he was engaged in many from Maryland, from 1831 to 1841. skirmishes with the British. He When in Congress he was Chair- resided some years in Kentucky, man of the Judiciary Committee, and was a member of the Legislaand a report made by him led to ture of that State; he afterwards the settlement of the boundary diffi- removed to Louisiana, and, in 1810 culties between Ohio and Michigan. and 1811, headed the insurrection After leaving Congress, he was the at Baton Rouge, which threw off Democratic candidate for Governor the yoke of Spain from West Floof Maryland. rida. He was a Representative in Congress, from Louisiana, from THOMAS, ISAAC. 1831 to 1835, and died at Baton He was a Representative in Con- Rouge, Louisiana, November 18, gress, from Tennessee, from 1815 to 1847, aged eighty-three years. 1817. THOMAS, PHILIP FRANCIS. THOMAS, JAMES H. He was born in Talbot County, He was born in North Carolina, Maryland, September 12, 1810; was and was a Representative in Coneducated at Dickinson College; gress, from Tennessee, from 1847 to gress, from Tennessee, from 184 to studied law, and was admitted to 1851. THOMASJEE1851. Bthe bar in 1831; in 1836 was a THOMAS, JESSE B. member of the State Constitutional He was a Delegate to Congress, Convention; in 1838 was elected from the Territory of Indiana, from to the State Legislature; was a 1808 to 1809, and was then ap- Representative in Congress, from pointed United States Judge of Illi- 1839 to 1841; was, subsequently, nois Territory. Judge of the Land-office Court of the Eastern Shore of Maryland; in THOMAS, JESSE B. 1843 and 1845 was elected to the He was one of the first Senators House of Delegates; and in 1847 in Congress, from Illinois, having was elected Governor of Maryland. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 471 THOMAS, RICHARD. cially valuable. He died in Charlestown, September 24, 1852. He was a Representative in Con-, 1 gress, from Pennsylvania, from 17 95 THOMPSON GEORGE W. to 1805. He was born in Ohio, and, reTHOMASSON, WILLIAM P. moving to Virginia, was elected a Born in Henry County,:Ken- Representative in Congress, from tucky; commenced the study of law that State, from 1851 to 1852. at an early age; and when eighteen, was licensed to practice at Corydon, Indiana, from which place he was He was a Representative in Conelected to the Legislature. He re- gress, from New Jersey, during the moved to Louisville about the year years 1827 and 1828. 1841, and was chosen a Representative in Congress, from Kentucky, THOMPSON, JACOB. from 1843 to 1847. He afterwards He was born in Caswell County, went to Chicago, where he is now North Carolina, May 15, 1810, and engaged in the practice of his pro- received his education at the Unifession. versity of Chapel Hill. He studied law, and was admitted to the bar in THOMPSON, ALEXANDER. THOMPSON, ALEXANDER. 1834, and during the following year He was a Representative in Con- removed to the State of Mississippi. gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1824 Locating himself in what was known to 1826; died at his residence, in as the Chickasaw Country, he apChambersburg, Pennsylvania,'Au- plied himself to the task of making gust 2, 1848, aged sixty-three years. the wilderness blossom like the rose, and through his influence the InTHOMPSON, BENJAnMIN. dian lands were divided into counBorn in Massachusetts, in 1798. ties, and became politically identiHe held many responsible offices in fied with the. State. The consethe town of Charlestown, and was, quence was that a grateful constituseveral times a Representative in the ency called upon him to represent State Legislature. He was twice them in Congress, and, having been elected to Congress as a member elected in 1839, he continued. to from the Fourth District of Massa- serve in that capacity, with ability chusetts, serving from 1845 to 1847; and fidelity, until 1851. On first and again from March 1851, till his taking his seat in Congress, he was death. He united mental cultiva- placed on the Committee on Public tion and sound judgment with great Lands, and was for some years business talent. His services upon Chairman of the Committee on Inthe Committee on Military Affairs, dian Affairs. He was one of the during the Mexican war, were espe- most devoted defenders of Missis 472 BIOGRAPI CAL S KETCHES. sippi, and of the Democratic party, the last session as Speaker; in 1836 at the time when the cry of repu- he was a Presidential Elector; he diation was ringing throughout the was Presiding Judge of the Disland; and as he had, in 1845, de- trict Court for six years, and a Reclined going into the United States presentative in Congress, from 1845 Senate, by appointment of the Go- to 1851. Of late years he has been vernor of Mississippi, so did he, in chiefly devoted to the practice of 1851, decline a re-election to the his profession, and in 1847 was House of Representatives, prefer- elected a Judge of the Supreme ring to lead the more peaceful life Court of Pennsylvania, for fifteen of a man of fortune, in the midst of years. troops of friends. But this retireTHOMPSON, JOEL. ment did not happen to coincide with the views of President Bu- He was a Representative in Conchanan when he came into power, gress, from New York, from 1813 and as he was familiar with Mr. to 1815, having previously served Thompson's career in Congress and one year in the State Assembly, the National Nominating Conven- from Albany, and two years from tions, the natural result was his ap-Chenango County. pointment as Secretary of the Interior Department. THOMPSON, JOHN. He was a member of the New TH-O.IPSON, J. B. York Assembly, from Albany, in He was born in Kentucky, and 1788 and 1789, in 1827 from Delawas a Representative in Congress, ware County, in 1802 and 1841 from that State, from 1841 to 1843, from Dutchess County; and was a and again from 1847 to 1851; and Representative in Congress, from in 1853 he was elected. a Senator in New York, from 1799 to 1801, and Congress for a long term. He is again from 1807 to 1811. a member of the Committee on Private Land Claims and of that THOMPSON, JOHN. on Pensions. Il-e was born in 1777, and was a TRepresentative in Congress, from THIOMPSON, JAMIES. Ohio, from 1825 to 1827, and again Born in Middlesex,Butler County, from 1829 to 1837. He died at Pennsylvania, October 1, 1806. He New Lisbon, Ohio, December 2, received a good education, and com- 1852. menced life as a printer; he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in THOMPSON, JOHN. 1828; he was elected to the As- He was born in IRhinebeck, sembly of his native State, in 1832, Dutchess County, New York, July 1833, and 1834, presiding during 4, 1809. He was educated at Yale BIOG RAPHICAL SKETCHES. 473 and'Union Colleges; lived on a to the Indiana Legislature; was farm until sixteen years of age, re-elected in 1835; in 1836 he was since which time he has devoted elected to the State Senate, served himself to the law; and against two years, and was for a time Prehis own wishes and consent was sident pro tern. of the Senate, and elected a Representative in Con- Acting Lieutenant-Governor; he gress, from New York, to the Thir- was a Presidental Elector in 1840, ty-fifth Congress; serving on the and voted for General Harrison, Committee on Roads and Canals. whose election he zealously advocated with his pen and on the THOMPSON, MARK. THORpresOn, A. in stump; and in 1841 he was elected He was a Roepresentative in on- a Representative in Congress, for gress, from New Jersey, from 1795 the term ending in 1843. In 1844 to 1)799. he was again chosen a Presidential THOMPSON, PHILIP. Elector; was again a RepresentaHe was a native of Kentucky, tive in Congress, from Indiana, from 1847 to 1849, when he deand a Representative in Congress, from 184a to 1849, when he defrom that State, from 1823 to 1825. time he has held no public office, THOMPSON, PHILIP R. but has been devoted to the pracBorn in 1766, and died in Ka- tice of his profession at Terre nawha County, Virginia, July 22, Haute. President Taylor offered 1837. He was a Representative him the appointment of Charg6 in Congress, from Virginia, from d'Affaires to Austria, and President 1801 to 1807. Fillmore, the office of Recorder of the General Land-office, both of TH OMPSON, RICHARD W. which honors he declined. He was born in Culpepper County, Virginia, June 9, 1809; THOMPSON, ROBERT A. received a good English and classical education; and his love of He was born in Virginia, and adventure led him into the wilds of was a Representative in Congress, Kentucky before he became of age. from that State, from 1847 to 1849. In 1831 he settled in Louisville, Land Commissioner in Caliand became a clerk in an extensive fornia. mercantile house; tiring of this, he removed to Lawrence County, Indiana, taught school for a few He graduated at Harvard Unimonths, but again turned his atten- versity in 1786; was a Representation to merchandising, selling goods tive in Congress, from New Hampand studying law at the same time. shire, from 1805 to 1807, and a UniHe was admitted to the bar in 1834, ted States Senator from 1814 to and was almost immediately elected 1817; and died in 1821. He was a 474 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. neighbor, and one of the earliest 1817, and in 1820 established himfriends of Daniel Webster. self as a merchant in Canton, and was appointed Consul of the UniTHOMPSON, WADDY. ted States at that port in 1823, and Ile was born at Pickensville, remained there until 1825. Since South Carolina, September 8, 1798, the year 1830 he has been engaged graduated at the South Carolina in the management of several rail-.College in 1814, and having studied ways, and of the New Jersey Canal. law, was admitted to the bar in In 1844 he was a member of the 1819. He has served in the Legis- Constitutional Convention of New lature of his native State, was at Jersey, and was United States Seone time Solicitor for the Western nator from 1853 to 1857, and was Circuit of South Carolina, was re-elected for the term ending in chosen a Presidential Elector, at- 1863. He was offered a seat in tained the military title of brigadier- the cabinet by President Buchangeneral, and was appointed, in an, which he declined. He is at 1842, Minister Plenipotentiary to present a member of the CommitMexico, about which he published tees on Naval Affairs and on Postan interesting work. He was a Re- offices and Post-roads. presentative in Congress, from 1835 to 1841, serving in 1840 as Chair- THORINGTON, JAMES. man of the Committee on Military He was born in North Carolina, Affairs.He ws b i North Carolina, and removing to Iowa, was elected THOMPSON, WILEY. a Representative from that State He was a native of Georgia, and to the Thirty-fourth Congress. a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1821 to 1833. THROOP, ENOS T. He was born in Johnstown, THOMPSON, WILLIAM. Montgolmery County, New York, He was born in Pennsylvania, August 21, 1784; while performand having settled in Iowa, was ing the duties of an attorney's elected a Representative in Con- clerk, he acquired a classical educagress, from that State, from 18471 tion; studied law, and settled in to 1851. Auburn; was a Representative in Congress during the years 1815 THOMPSON, JOH-N H. and 1816; in 1823 was elected CirBorn in Philadelphia, September cuit Judge; in 1829 Lieutenant5, 1800; entered Princeton Col- Governor of New York; and in lege, but left in the junior year, and 1831 was Governor of that State. devoted himself to mercantile pur- Tn 1838 he was appointed Charge suits, making a voyage to China in d'Affaires to the two Sicilies. B I OGRAP I CAL SK E T C H E S. 475 TIHRUSTON, BUCKNER. to 1857. He is at the present time a member of the Senate of Born in Virginia, about the year time a member of the Senate of 1763. He emigrated in early life to Kentucky, and being possessed THURSTON, JOHN B. of superior talents, he was soon called into the public service. He He was born in Virginia, in 1757; was appointed Federal Judge in the studied law, and emigrated to KenTerritory of Orleans, in 1805, and tucky, whence he was sent to the was the same year elected a mem- United States Senate, in 1805, for ber of the United States Senate, a long term. He was subsequently for six years, but he resigned in elected a Judge of the Circuit 1809, on being appointed, by Presi- Court of Kentucky, in which posident Madison, Judge of the United tion le continued until his death, which occurred at Washington, States Circuit Court of the District of Columbia, which office he held August 30, 1845. until his death, which occurred at THURSTON, THOMAS R. Washington, August 30, 1845. He was born in Maine; graTHURMAN, ALLEN G. duated at Bowdoin College in 1843, and was a Delegate in Congress, He was born in Virginia, and He was orn in Vrgina, and from the Territory of Oregon, from having taken up his residence in 1849 to 1851. He died on board Ohio, was elected a Representative the steamer California on her pasin Congress, from that State, from sage from Panama to San Francisco, April 9, 1851. THURMAN, JOHN R. TIBBATTS, JOHN W. He was a Representative in ConHe was born in Kentucky, and gress, from New York, from 1849 was a Representative in Congress, to 1851, and died in New York, to 1851, and died in New York, from that State, from 1843 to 1847. July 25, 1854. THURSTON, BENJAMIN B. TIBBETS, GEORGE. He was born in Hopkinton, Rhode HIe was a Representative in ConIsland, June 29, 1804; he received gress, from New York, from 1803 a common school education; was to 1805, and a member of the State bred a merchant; was elected four- Assembly, from Rensselaer County, teen years in succession to the As- in 1802 and 1820, and of the State sembly of his native State; and in Senate, from 1815 to 1818. 1838 was Lieutenant-Governor; and he was a Representative in TICHENOR, ISAAC. Congress, from ERhode Island, from He was born in 1754; graduated 1847 to 1849, and again from 1851 at Princeton College in 1775; and 476 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. died at Bennington, Vermont, in sions; and to him was awarded the December, 1838. He was an officer authorship of the free schools and of the Revolution; a Judge of the improved judiciary systems of his Supreme Court of Vermont; a Re- native State. presentative in the State Legislature; and a Senator in Congress, TILLINGIHAST, THOMAS. during the sessions of 1796 and He wasa Representative in Con1797; Governor of Vermont from gress, from Rhode Island, from 1791 1797 to 1808, and again in the to 1799, and again from 1801 to United States Senate, from 1815 1803. to 1821. TIPTON, JOHN. TIFFIN, EDWARD. He was a Senator in Congress, IHe was born in 1765; was Go- from Indiana, from 1832 to 1839; vernor of Ohio from 1803 to 1807; and died at Logansport, of apoand a Senator in Congress, from plexy, in 1839. that State, from 1807 to 1809. He died in July, 1829. TITUS, OBADIAH. He was a Representative in ConTILDEN, DANIEL R. gress, from New York, from 1837 He was born in Connecticut, and to 1839. having settled in Ohio, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1847. He was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from TILLINGHAST, JOSEPH L. 1821 to 1824. Born in Taunton, Massachusetts, TODD, LEMUEL. in 1791, and removed to Rhode I Born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, Island in his boyhood. He graJuly 29, 1817; educated atDickinduated at Brown University in 1819,; educated at Dickinand in 1833 was elected a member son College; stidied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1841, and of the Board of Trustees of that institution. He studied law, and de- practiced in his native town. In voted himself to its practice in Pro- he was elected a Representavidence, with marked success, for tive to the Thirty-fourth Congress. thirty years; and was a Representative in Congress, from Rhode Isl- TOLAND, GEORGE W. and, from 1837 to 1843. He was He was born in Pennsylvania, also for many years a member of and was a Representative in Conthe State Legislature, and was gress, from that State, from 1837 elected Speaker on several occa- to 1843. BIO G RAPHICAL SKETCHES. 477 TOMLINSON, GIDEON. ticed for twenty-two years; and IHe was born at Stratford, Con- was elected a Representative from necticut., December 31, 1780, and Ohio to the Thirty-fifth Congress, graduated at Yale College in 1802. serving as a member of the ComHe studied law and practiced the ittee on the Militia. profession in Fairfield. I-e was TOMIPKINS, CHRISTOPHER. then called to public life, and in 1818 was chosen a Representative He was a Representative in Conin Congress, in which office he was gress, from Kentucky, from 1831 to continued till 1827. That year he 1835, and died at Glasgow, Kenwas chosen Governor of Connecti- tucky, in 1845. cut, and remained in that station until M arch, 1831, when, on being TOMPKINS, DANIEL D. appointed a Senator of the United He was born in Westchester States, he resigned his office as Go- County, New York, June 21, 1774. vernor. After six years service he 1-is father was a farmer, and he returned to private life. Died Oc- was his seventh son. He graduated tober 8, 1854, at Fairfield, Connec- at Columbia College in 1795, then ticut. studied law, and was admitted to practice in the City of New York, TOMLINSON, THOMAS A. in 17 97. Inn 1831 he was a memHe was born in New. York; ber of the Constitutional Convenserved in the State Assembly, from tion of the State, and also served Essex County, in 1835 and 1836, in the State Legislature. He was and was a Representative in Con- elected a Representative in Congress, from 1841 to 1843o gress, from 1805 to 1807, but resigned, to accept an appointment as TOnMPKiINS, CALEB. Associate Judge of the Supreme IHe was born in Westchester Court of the State. In 1807 he County, New York, and was a was elected Governor of the State, member of the New York Assem- and held that office ten years. His bly, from that County, from 1804 to aid in support of the National Go1806; and was elected a Repre- vernment, during the war of 1812, sentative in Congress, from New gave him prominence as a statesYork, from 1817 to 1821. man. He prorogued the State Legislature, in 1812, for the space TOMPKINS, C. B. of ten months, to prevent the esBorn in Belmont County, Ohio, tablishment of the Bank of AmeNovember 8, 1810, and was edu- rica, in the City of New York; cated at the Ohio University, at his opposition postponed, but did Athens; was bred a farmer, and not defeat the measure, and a charafterwards studiedl law, having prac- ter was granted in 1813. In 1817 478 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. he resigned the office of Governor, term, ending March 4, 1865. In and was elected Vice-President of the House, and also in the Senate, the United States, and served two he has always served on important terms; by virtue of which office he committees. was also President of the Senate. He died in New York, June 11, TOUCEY, ISAAC. 1825. He was born in Connecticut, in 1798. He received a common TOMPKINS, PATRICK W. school education; adopted the proI-e was born in Kentucky, and fession of law, and early in life was settling in Mississippi, was elected States Attorney for his native a Representative in Congress, from county. He was a Representative that State, from 1847 to 1849. in Congress, from 1835 to 1839; in 1846 was elected Governor of ConTOOMBS, ROBERT. necticut; in 1848 went into President Polk's cabinet as Attorney~Ie was born in Wilkes County, Georgia, July 2, 1810. The first General; in 1850 he was elected to the State Senate of Connecticut; three years of his collegiate life e he was a Senator in Congress from were spent at the University of e left it during the 1852 to 1857; and in March of the Georgia, but he left it during the senior year, and went to Schenecta- latter year went into President Buchanan's cabinet as Secretary of the dy, New York, and graduated at Union College. e read law at Navy, which position he continues Union College. He read law at y to occupy at the present time. the University of Virginia, under Judge Lomas, and practiced it regularly until his election to Congress, TOWNS, GEORGE W. B. in 1845. His first public service Born in Wilkes County, Georgia,, was as captain of volunteers, in the May 4, 1802. He was prevented, Creek war in 1836, under General by ill health, from receiving a colleWinfield Scott. In 1837 he was giate education, and commenced life elected to the Legislature, from his as a merchant, afterwards studied native county, where he now re- law, was admitted to the bar of Alasides, and with the exception of bama in 1824, and for a time per1841, continued a member of the formed the duties of editor of a polower branch, until his election to litical paper. In 1826 he returned the Federal House of Representa- to Georgia, and settled in Talbot tives, where he served during the County. He served for several Twenty-ninth, Thirtieth, Thirty- years in both branches of the Lefirst and Thirty-second Congresses. gislature of that State, and was a He entered the Senate during the Representative in Congress from Thirty-third Congress, for six years, 1835 to 1839, and was re-elected in and was re-elected for a second 1846; his last public position was BIO GRAPHICAL SKETCHE S. 479 that of Governor of Georgia, to Congress, from Genesee County, which office he was elected in 1847, New York, from 1827 to 1833, and and was re-elected in 1849. He died was a member of the Committee on at Macon, July 15, 1854. Expenditures on Public Buildings. TOWNSEND, GEORGE. TRACY, URI. He was a Representative in Con- He graduated atYale College in gress, from New York, from 1815 1789; was a Representative in Conto 1819. gress, from New York, from 1805 TOWNSEND, N. S. to 1807, and again from 1809 to 1813, and died in 1813. He was born in England, and having settled in Ohio, was elected a Representative in Congress, from TRACY, URIAH. that State, from 1851 to 1853. Born in Franklin, Connecticut, February 2, 1755; graduated at TRACY, ALLBERT H. jYale College in 1778; read law in He was born in Norwich, Con- Litchfield, and settled in that town. necticut, June 17, 1793; received a He was often chosen a State Regood classical education; studied presentative, and in 1793 was medicine with his father, but when Speaker of the House. He was a eighteen years of age he removed to Representative in Congress from New York State, studied law, and 1793 to 1796, and from 1796 to was admitted to the bar in 1815; 1797 a Senator of the United States. and he served three terms in Con- lHe was also a major-general of migress as a Representative from a litia, commanded the respect and district comprehending almost the enjoyed the friendship of the leading whole of that part of New York men of his time; and died at Washwest of Seneca Lake, from 1819 to ington City, July 19, 1807, and was 1825; and in 1829 he was elected the first person buried in the Conto the Senate of New York for four gressional Burying-ground. years, and was re-elected for a second term of four years. TRAFTON. MARK. He was born in Maine, and electTRACY, ANDREW. ed a Representative, from MassaHe was born in Vermont, and was chusetts, to the Thirty-fourth Cona Representative in Congress, from gress. that State, from 1853 to 1855. TREADWAY, WILLIAM M. TRACY, PHINEAS L. TRACY, PHINEAS L. He was born in Virginia, and was He graduated at Yale College in a Representative in Congress, from 1806; and was a Representative in that State, from 1845 to 1847. 480 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCRHES. TREDWELL, THOMAS. terruption till 1827, being highly He was for seven years a member esteemed for the integrity of his of the New York Assembly, from principles and his devotion to his 1?76 to 1783, from Suffolk County, public duties. After his retirement and was a Representatie in Con- from Congress, he became engaged and was a Representative in Congr~ess, fm York, f 9 in agriculture and the iron mannto 1795. to 195. hfacture, and in the latter interest he did much to develop the resources TREZVANT, JAMES. of the State. He died at Trimble's He was born in Sussex County, Furnace, Kentucky, October 26, 1842. Virginia; was a lawyer by profession; was Attorney for the State; TRIMBLE, WILLIAM A. member of the State Legislature, and of the Constitutional Conven- He was born in 186; he served with credit in the'army of the tion of 1830i a Representative in with credit in the army of the Congress, from Virginia, from 1825 United States during the war of to 1831, serving during his last 1812; occupied, as commander, to 1831, zn ~~~~several frontier posts; was a Senaterm as Chairman of the Committee everal frontier posts; as a Senon Military Pensions. He died in tor in Congress, from Ohio, from ~~~~1838. ~1819 to 1821, having died December 13, of the latter year. TRIGG, ABRAM. TRIPLETT, PHIILIP. Hle was a Representative in Con- TRIPLETT, PHILIP. gress, from Virginia, from 1797 to He was born in Virginia, and was 1809. a Representative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1839 to 1843. TRIGG, JOHN. He was a Representative in Con- TRIPPE, ROBERT P. gress, from Virginia, from 1797 He was born in Georgia, and was to 1804. elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, to the ThirtyTRIMBLE, DAVID. fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses. He was born in Frederick County, Virginia, about the year 1782; edu- TROTTER, JAMES. cated at William and Mary Col- He was a Senator in Congress, lege; studied law, and, when he from Miississippi, during the years came of age, removed to Kentucky. 1828 and 1829. He was engaged in the war of 1812, serving two campaigns under Gene- TROUP, GEORGE M. ral Harrison. In 1817 he was Born on the Tombigbee River, chosen a member of Congress, from September, 1780; graduated at Kentucky, and served without in- Princeton College; studied law; B I OGRAPHICAL SKETC H E S. 481 and in 1800 was elected to the Le- Washington as secretary and first gislature of Georgia, and re-elected aid, with whom he continued until for four terms; was a Representa- the close of the war. He was for tive in Congress, from Georgia, from several years a Representative in the 1807 to 1815, and a Senator from State Legislature of Connecticut, 1816 to 1818, and from 1829 to and Speaker of the House; was a 1834. From 1823 to 1827 he was Representative in Congress, from Governor of that State. IHe died that State, from 1789 to 1795; in Laurens County, Georgia, May elected Speaker of the House of 3, 1856. He was an advocate of Representatives in 1791, and conState rights, and the champion of tinued in that station till he was State sovereignty. transferred to the IU;nited States Senate, in 1795, where he served TROUT, MICHAEL C. only one year, having been elected Lieutenant-Governor of ConnectiEe was born in Pennsylvania, cut, and in 1798 Governor, in which and was a Representative, in Congnrewas f a thatesentative, frm 1 o position he remained until his death, gress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. which occurred August 7, 1809. TRUMBO, ANDREW. TRUMBULL, JOSEPH. A native of Kentucky; was born Born in Lebanon, Connecticut, in in Montgomery County, now Bath, 1783; graduated at Yale College September 13, 1799; he had a in 1801; studied law, and practiced limited English education, and at it with success, and was a Reprethe age of fifteen went into the sentative in Congress, from ConCounty Clerk's office, and afterwards necticut, from 1839 to 1843. became clerk; studied law, and commenced to practice in 1824. He TRUMBULL, LYMAN. was a Representative in the Twenty- Born in Colchester, Connecticut, ninth Congress, and one of the Pre- in 1813; is a lawyer by profession; sidential Electors of Kentucky, in was a member of the Illinois Le1848. gislature in 1840, Secretary of State in 1841-42; Justice of the Supreme TRUMBULL, JONATHAN. Court of Illinois, from 1848 to 1853; Born in Lebanon, Connecticut, elected to the House of RepresenMarch 26, 1740, and graduated at tatives of the United States, in Harvard College in 1759. In 1775 1854, and chosen United States he was appointed, by Congress, Senator, by the Illinois LegislaPaymaster in the Northern depart- ture, in 1855, and is a member of ment of the army, and not long the Committees on the Judiciary after was attached to the family of and on the Patent-office. 31 482 B I O GRAPHICAL SKETCHES. TUCK, AMOS. gress, from Virginia, from 1815 to 1819. He died at Winchester, He was born in Maine; graduated at Dartmouth College in Virginia, August 28, 1848. 1835; was for some time a tutor in TUCKER, STARLING. that institution; and removing to New Hampshire, was elected a Re- He was born in Halifax County, presentative in Congress, from that North Carolina, and was a RepreState, from 1841 to 1853. sentative in Congress, from the Laurens District of South CaroTUCKER, EBENEZER. lina, from 1817 to 1831. He died Hie was born in New York, in February 4, 1834. 1758, but'when a young man reTUCKER, THOMAS T. moved to New Jersey; he was a soldier in the revolutionary war, He was a Delegate to the Conand served at the battle of Long tinental Congress, from 1787 to Island; he filled many offices of 1788; and was a Representative distinction and trust, among them in Congress, from South Carolina, those of Collector and Postmaster from 1789 to 1793. in New Jersey, and he was a member of Congress, from New Jersey, TUCKER, TILGHMAN W. from 1825 to 1829. He also held He was born in North Carolina, the offices of Judge of the Com- and was a Representative in Conmon Pleas, Justice of the Court of gress, from Mississippi, from 1843 Quarter Sessions, and Judge of the to 1845. Orphans' Court. He died at Tuckerton, New Jersey, September 5, TURNER, CHARLES. 1845. Graduated at Harvard University TUCKERB, GEORGE. in 1752, studied for the ministry, and settled in Duxbury, MassachaHe was a native of Virginia, and setts; was elected a Representative a Representative in Congress, from in Congress, from Massachusetts, that State, from 1819 to 1825. serving from 1809 to 1813, and died in 1816, aged about sixty-six TUCKER, HENRY ST. GEORGE.. Born in Virginia in 1779; received a liberal education, and be- TURNER, DANIEL. came a prominent lawyer. He was Born in Warren County, North at one time President of the Court Carolina, September 26, 1796. He of Appeals; also Professor of Law commenced his education at Warin the University of Virginia; the renton Academy; completed it at author of several valuable works on West Point; in 1814 was appointlaw; and a Representative in Con- ed lieutenant of artillery, as such, BIO GRAPHICAL S KETCHES. 483 served at Brooklyn Heights, and unusual exertions to assist in the at Plattsburg, and resigned in 1815; support of the family, which he did after leaving the army, he spent by working as a laborer on the two years at William and Mary Pennsylvania Canal, and contributCollege; from 1819 to 1823 he ed his earnings to his father until served in the Legislature of North the age of eighteen. Leaving his Carolina; and was a member of father comfortable, he went to the Congress, from 1827 to 1829. He "far West," and spent three years subsequently had charge of the in St. Paul's County, Indiana, and Warrenton Female Seminary. finally settled in Freeport, Stevenson County, Illinois. He was made TURNER, JAMES. justice of the peace, which office he Born in Virginia, in the year held for several years; in 1838 he 1766. His education was such as studied law as a profession, and could be afforded by the common obtained a lucrative practice. In schools of the country; he served 1842 he was elected Probate Jus-'in the Revolution as a private sol- tice of the Peace, and in 1844 was dier; entered public life in 1800, as appointed Postmaster. In 1845 a member of the Legislature of he was chosen States Attorney for North Carolina; in 1802 was elect- the Sixth Judicial District, and in ed Governor of the State; and wag 1846 he was elected a Representaa Senator in Congress, from 1805 tive in the Thirtieth Congress. to 1816. He died at Bloomsbury, In 1854 he was a member of the January 15, 1824, much respected Lower House of the Legislature, for his talents and personal worth. and chosen Speaker. Since that time he has devoted himself to the TURNER, JAMES. practice of law. He was born in Maryland, and was a Representative in Congress, TURNEY, HOPKINS L. from that State, from 1833 to 1837. Born in Smith County, Tennessee, October 3, 1797. IHe was in his TURNER, THOMAS J. boyhood bound to a tailor, and Born in Trumbull County, Ohio, served at that business several April 5, 1815, where he resided years; in 1818 he entered upon until ten years of age, receiving all the campaign against the Seminole his school education within that Indians; he did not learn to write time. In 1825 he removed with his until twenty-two years of age, and father's family to Butler County, yet soon after studied law, and was Pennsylvania, where he worked on very successful at the bar; he a farm until fourteen years old, served about ten years in the Lewhen the destitute circumstances of gislature, from 1828 to 1838, and his father compelled him to make he was a Representative in Con 484 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. gress, from Tennessee, from 1837 having been elected to the Virginia to 1843, and in the Senate of the Legislature at the age of twentyUnited States, from 1845 to 1851. one years, and five years later to He died in Winchester, Tennessee, Congress. In 1826 he was elevated August 1, 1857, leaving behind him to the station of Governor of his a high reputation for his abilities native State. He discharged the and virtues. duties of his office but one year and a half, when the Legislature selectTURRELL, JOEL. ed him to fill a vacancy in the SeHe was born in Vermont, and nate of the United States. He was a Representative in Congress, served in this capacity until a diffromn New York, from 1833 to 1837, ference of opinion having arisen having been a member of the State between General Jackson and himAssembly, from Oswego County, self, he resigned his seat, and went in 1831. into voluntary retirement. AIr. Tyler did not again make his apTWEED, WILLIAM M. pearance in public life until 1840, Born in the City of New York, when he was selected by the Whig April 3, 1823; received a common party as their candidate for Viceschool education; is by occupation President. He was elected to that a chair manufacturer; was a city office by a large majority, and enalderman in New York in 1852; tered upon the discharge of his dua member of the Thirty-third Con- ties in March, 1841, when the gress; a member of the State death of the President, General Board of Education in 1857; and Harrison, shortly after, raised him a Supervisor of New York County to the chief magistracy of the Rein 1858. public. His term of office expired in 1845, since which time he has TWEEDY, SAMUEL. been living in retirement in VirHe was born in Connecticut, and ginia. was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1835. TYSON, JACOB. He was a member of the New TYLER, ASHER. York Senate, from Richmond CounHe was born in New York, and ty, in 1828, and a Representative in was a Representative in Congress, Congress, from New York, from from that State, from 1843 to 1823 to 1825. 1845. TYLER, JOHN. TYSON,JOB R. Born in Charles City County, He was born in Montgomery Virginia, in 1790. He commenced County, Pennsylvania, in 1804, and his political life at an early age, died near Philadelphia, in 1858. B I GRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 485 Ile was educated a lawyer, fre- landed from the prison-ships on quently served in the City Councils Lake Erie, near Cleveland, where of Philadelphia, and was a member he was lodged in a hospitable cabin of the Twenty-fourth Congress. until sufficiently recovered to return He commanded uncommon infiu- home. In the fall of 1813 he loence in Congress, and was a man of cated at Glasgow, Kentucky, and refined tastes in literature and the practiced law for ten years, during fine arts. He also served in the which time he was Trustee of the Legislature of Pennsylvania, and town, and County Attorney; and through his exertions the archives was a member of the Legislature of that State were first published. from 1816 to 1819. In 1823 he removed, with his family, to Bowling UDREE, DANIEL. Green, and was elected a member of the General Assembly in 1825 He was born in Philadelphia, and 1826. From 1828 to 1835 he and was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, fromnwas Judge of the Court of Ap1813 to 1815, from 1819 to 1821, peals, and resigned o being elecand from 1823 to 1825. ted a Representative in Congress, in which position he served for ten UNDERHILL, WALTER. sessions. In 1846 he was again elected to the Legislature of KenHe was born in New York, and t tucky, and was Speaker of the was a Representative, in Congress, ouse. In 1847 he was elected a from that State, from 1849 to 1851. member of the United States Senate, for six years, and at the expiUNDERWOOD, JOSEPH R. ration of the term returned to the Born in Goochland County, Vir- practice of law. In 1824 and in ginia, October 24, 1791. He was 1844 he was a Presidential Elector. adopted by his maternal uncle in 1803, who resided in Barren County, UNDERWOOD, WARNER L. Kentucky. He received his education at various schools in that State, Born in Goochland County, Virand ended his scholastic course at ginia, August 7, 1808; graduated the University of Lexington, in at the University of Virginia, where 1811; and then read law with Ro- he received the first honors in the bert Wickliffe. In 1813 he entered studies of law, mathematics, and the service of the United States, as the modernlanguages, in 1830. He lieutenant of a volunteer company, removed to Bowling Green County, and was badly wounded and taken Kentucky, at the age of seventeen; by the enemy at Dudley's defeat, is a lawyer by profession, with an commanding his company after the extensive practice. In 1833 he captain was mortally wounded. visited Texas, and spent most of He was released from captivity, and the time, until 1840, in that Repub 486 BI OGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. lic. He was appointed, by Presi- UPHAM, GEORGE B. dent Lamar, Attorney-General for He graduated at Harvard Unithe Eastern District of that Republic,, versity in 1789; and was a Reprebut held the office only a short time, sentative in Congress, from New and also declined the offer of a Hampshire, from 1801 to 1803. place in General Houston's cabinet, He died in 1848. being unwilling to relinquish his citizenship of the United States. In UPIAM JABEZ. 1848 he was a Representative in the Kentucky Legislature, and in 1849 He was born in Massachusetts; a member of the State Senate; and graduated at Harvard University was elected a Representative to the in 1785; and was a Representative Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Con- in Congress, from that State, from gresses, serving as a member of the 1807 to 1810. He died in 1811. Committee on Engraving. UPHAM, NATHANIEL. UPMAN, CHARLES W. Born in Deerfield, lockingham Born in St. John, New Bruns-, County, New Hampshire, June 9, wick, May 4, 1802. He commenced wick,May4,1802. Hecommenced,1774. He was educated at the life by becoming a merchant's clerk; schools of his native town, and at graduated at Harvard College in Phillips's Exeter Academy. At an 1821; in 1824 he was settled over 1821 in 1824 he was settled over early age he engaged in mercantile the first church in Salem, Massain e, - pursuits. He was a member of the chusetts; and in 1844 he relinLegislature of New Hampshire, and quished the ministry on account of and of the Governor's Council; and a loss of voice. He has also, at difRepresentative in Congress, from ferent times, edited the Christian tate Review, (Unitarian;) was Mayor of Salem; in 1840 and 1850 was in the State Legislature; in 1851 UPRAM, WILLIAM. President of the Senate; and he He was born at Leicester, Maswas a member of the Thirty-third sachusetts, in 1792; in 1802 reCongress, serving upon the Com- moved with his father to Vermont; mittee on Post-roads and the Post- spent some time in the University office, and was Chairman of a Spe- of Vermont; and was a lawyer by cial Committee on the Smithsonian profession. He was a member of Institution. As an author he has the Vermont Assembly in 1827, been industrious, and among his 1828, and 1830; and was States publications are the following: Attorney, for Washington County, "Letters on the Logos," "Lectures in 1829. He was a Senator in Conon Witchcraft," "Life of Sir Henry gress, from 1843 to the time of his Vane," and " Life of John C. Fre- death, which occurred in Washingmont." ton City, January 14, 1853. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 487 VAIL, GEORGE. fifth Congress, he was placed on the Committee on Territories. T-le was born in New Jersey, and was elected a Representative in VAN ALLEN, JAMES I. Congress, for the terms between 1853 and 1857. He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1807 VAIL, hIIENRY. to 1809, having been a member of He was born in New York, and the State Assembly, in 1804, from was a Representative in Congress, Columbia County. from that State, from 1837 to 1839. VAN ALLEN, JOHN E. VALK, WILLIAM W. He was a Representative in ConHe was born in South Carolina, gress, from New York, from 1793 to and, on removing to New York, 1799, and was a member of the was a Representative in Congress, State Assembly in 1800 and 1801, from that State, from 1855 to 1857. from Rensselaer County. VALLANDIGHAM, CLEMENT L. VAN BUREN, JOHIN. He came of a Huguenot family, He was one of the ablest lawyers and was born in New Lisbon, Co- of the Ulster County bar, in New lumbia County, Ohio, in 1822. He York, and a Representative in Conreceived a good education; spent gress, from 1841 to 1843. He died one year in Jefferson College, in at Kingston, January 16, 1855. Ohio; spent two years as principal of an academy at Snow Hill, Maryland; returned to Ohio in 1840; Was born at Kinderhook, New studied law, and was admitted to York, December 5, 1782. His the bar in 1842; was, elected to the father's circunistances were humState Legislature in 1845 and 1846; ble, and the son was only able to was editor of the Dayton EEmpire obtain an ordinary education at the from 1847 to 1849; for some years common school and academy of his subsequent to that date he devoted native village. In 1796 he left the himself wholly to his profession and academy, and commenced the study politics; was a member of the Na- of law. In 1800 he represented tional Democratic Convention held the Republicans of his native town at Cincinnati in 1856; ran for the in the Congressional Convention for Thirty-fifth Congress against Hon. that district. A part of the, years L. C. Campbell, whose seat he suc- 1802 and 1803 he spent in New cessfully contested; and he has York, still engaged in the study of been re-elected to the Thirty-sixth his profession, and in November of Congress. At the commencement the latter year he was admitted to of the second session of the Thirty- the bar. He still continued to take 488 BIGRAPHI CAL SKETCHES. an active part in politics. The first dent, and elected. The principal official distinction which he received measure of his administration was was conferred upon him by Go- the establishment of the Independvernor Tompkins, who appointed ent Treasury. In 1840 he was him Surrogate of Columbia Coun- again nominated for the same office, ty, in 1808. He took his next step but defeated by the Whig candiin public life in 1812. In the spring date, General Harrison. Since the of that year he was elected to the close of his Presidential term, in State Senate. He continued a mem- 1841, he has been living in retireber of that body until 1820, having ment at Kinderhook, his place of been, during that period, a sup- birth, on an estate to which he has porter of the war and the canal pro- given the name of Lindenwald. In ject. A portion of this time he 1848 he was the Presidential candialso held the office of Attorney- date of the section of the DemoGeneral. He was a member of the cratic party styling themselves Constitutional Convention of the " Barnburners," or, on that occaState of New York, in 1821, and sion, "Free-Soilers," but was unin February of the same year he successful. was elected to the United States Senate, and re-elected in 1827. VANCE, JOSEPH. The following year the guberna- He was one of the earliest resitorial chair of the State of New dents of the State of Ohio; served York became vacant, by the death frequently in the Legislature of that of Governor Clinton, and Mr. Van State; was a Representative in Buren was selected as the candi- Congress, from 1821 to 1835; Godate for that office, by the Demo- vernor of the State in 1836; and cratic party of the State. He was again in Congress, from 1843 to elected, but his career as Governor 1847, serving: as Chairman of the was brief. Scarcely was his ad- Committee on Claims. In every ministration commenced, when Pre- public position he acquitted himself sident Jackson offered him the ap- with ability, and died near the town pointment of Secretary of State, of Alabama, Ohio, August24, 1851. and Mr. Van Buren at once accepted it. The President appointed VANCE, ROBERT B. him Ambassador to England, but the Senate refused to confirm the nomi- e was born in North Carolina, nation. He received a large ma- and was a Representative in Conjority of the electoral votes for Vice- gress, from that State, from 1823 to President in 1832, which office he 1825. continued to fill during President VANCE, Z. 3. Jackson's term. In 1836 he was We was born in Buncombe Counnominated for the office of Presi- ty, North Carolina, May 13, 1830; BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 489 received a limited education, and held until 1850. From the chaspent one year at the State Univer- racter of his oratory, he was known sity, through the friendship of its among his constituents as the "Kindistinguished President; he studied derhook Roarer." law, and was admitted to the bar in 1853; in 1854 he was elected to VANDERVEER, ABRAHAM. the Legislature, from Buncombe He was born in New York; and County; and, on the resignation of was a Representative in Congress, Hoon. T. L. Clingman, in 1858, he from that State, from 1837 to 1839. was elected to succeed him in the Federal House of Representatives. VAN DYKE, JOHN. He was born in New Jersey, and VAN CORTLANDT, PHILIP. was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1851. He was a member of the [New York Assembly, from Westchester VAN DYKE, NICHOLAS. County, in 1788, 1789, ancll790; of County, in 1788, 1789, and 1790; of He graduated at Princeton Colthe State Senate, from 1791 to teSa t, flege in 1788; was a Representa1794; and a Representative in Con- e in tive in Congress, from 1807to 1811; gress, from New York, from 17193 a Senator in Congress, from 1817 to 1826; and died in May, 1826. VAN CORTLANDT, PIERRE. VAN GAASBECK, PETER. He was a Representative in Con- He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1811 gress, from New York, from 1793 to 1813, having been a member of to 1795. the State Assembly in 1777. VAN HORNE, ARCHIBALD. VANDERPOOL, AARON. He was a Representative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1807 to He was born at Kminderhook, New 1811. York, February 5, 1799; received a classical education; he studied VAN HORNE, ESPY. law, and was admitted to the bar He was a Representativein Conin 1820; he served in 1825, 1829, gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1825 and 1830, in the State Legislature; to 1829. and he was a Representative in Congress, from 1833 to 1837, and VAN HORNE, ISAAC. again from 1839 to 1841. On his He was a Representative in Conretirement from Congress he settled gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1801 in New York City, and was ap- to 1805, and was then appointed pointed one of the Judges of the Receiver of Public Moneys in Supreme Court, which office he Zanesville, Ohio. 490 B I O GRAPHI CAL SKETCHES. VAN HOUTON, ISAAC. VAN RENSSELAER, JEREMIAH. He was a Representative in Con- He was born in 1741; was a pagress, from New York, from 1833 triot of the Revolution; Lieuteto 1835. nant-Governor of New York; a member of Congress, from that VAN AMTETRE, JOHN J. State, from 1789 to 1791. He died He was a Representative in Con- in Albany, February 22, 1810. gress, from Ohio, from 1843 to 1845, VAN RENSSELAER, SOLOMON. and was a member of the Commit- VAN RENSSELAER, SOLOMON. tee on Expenses in the Navy De- He was born in Rensselaer partment. County, New York, in 1774; he served as an officer under General VAN NESS, JOHN P. Wayne, in 1794, and was wounded through the lungs, and received HEe was born in Ghent, Columbia' Nw born inG four wounds at the battle of QueensCounty, New York, in 1170. He Coy, Nw Y7. town Heights. In 1799 he was was educated at Columbia College, promoted to the rank of major. and studied law, but gave up the He was Adjutant-General of New practice on account of ill health. York from 1801 to 1810, and in He was a Representative in Con- - 1813. He was a Representative in gress from 1801 to 1803; and, hayvCongress, from that State, from ing taken up his residence in Wash-, 1819 to 1822, when he was apington City, became the first Presipoiuted Postmaster at Albany. He dent of the Bank of the Metropolis, died near Albany, April 23, 1852. in 1814; he was also elected Mayor of Washington, and both as a pubVAN RENSSELAER, STEPHEN. lic and private citizen did much to promote the prosperity of the seat He was born in the City of New of Government. WThile a member York, in November, 1764, and graof Congress he received, from duated at the University in CamPresident Jefferson, a commission Massachusetts, in 1782; as major of militia for the District was elected a member of the New of Columbia, which, with the fact York Senate in 17 95; was six years that he married a Washington lady, Lieutenant-Governor of New York; was the cause of his change of resi- a member of Congress from 1822 to dence. He died in Washington, 1829; was appointed, in 1810, one March 7, 1846. of the Canal Commissioners, and, for the last fourteen years of his life, was President of the Board; VAN RENSSELAER, HENRY. and, during the last war with EngHe was born in New York, and land, he commanded, with reputawas a Representative in Congress, tion, as major-general on the Niafrom that State, from 1841 to 1843. gara frontier. He was distinguished BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 491 for his wealth and munificent chari- 1811, being four years Speaker, ties, and enjoyed the inherited title during the Tenth and Eleventh of Patroon. He died at Albany, Congresses. He was chosen SenaJanuary 26, 1839. tor in 1811, and served till 1817. Of three conventions of MassachuVAN RENSSELAER, WILLIAMI. setts he was a useful member; he I-e was born in 1763; was a died suddenly, September 11, 1821, member of Congress, from New being then major-general of a diviYork, from 1801 to 1811, after sion of the militia. which he retired to private life, and died in New York City, June 18, VENABLE, ABRAHAM B. 1845. He was a graduate of Princeton VAN WYrCK, WILLIAM. College in 1780; a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from He was born in New York, and 1791 to 1799, and a Senator of the was a Representative in Congress, -United States, from 1803 to 1804. from that State, from 1821 to 1825. He perished in the conflagration of VANZANT, JOSEHUA. the theatre at Richmond, Virginia, December 26, 1811. He was born in Maryland, and was a Representative in Congress, VENABLE, ABRAHAM W. from that State, from 1853 to 1855; Born in Prince Edward County, was also for many years President Virginia, October 17, 1799; graof the MA'iarylancd Institute. of the Maryland Institute. duated at Hampden Sidney College VARNUM, JOHN. in 1816; studied medicine for two He was a Representative in Con- years, and then went to Princeton College, where he graduated in gress, from Massachusetts, from Collee, here he graduated in 1825 to 1831. He was a native of 1819; he then studied law, and was admitted to the bar in North Carolina, in 1821. He was a Prevard University; practiced law for some years at averhill, assach- sidential Elector in 1832, and also in setts, was freuently a member of a 1836; and a Representative in Consetts, was frequently a member of the State Legislature. He removed gress, from North Carolina, from 1847 to 1853. His father and six to [Niles, in the State of Michigan, 1847 to 1853. His father anl six where he died, July 23, 1836, aged uncles were in the revolutionary sixty-three years. war, serving their country faithfully. VARNUM, JOSEPH BRADLEY. VERPLANCK, DANIEL C. Born in 1759, in Dracut, Massa- He was born in New York, and chusetts; he was a general in the was a Representative in Congress, revolutionary war, and a Represen- from that State, from 1803 to tative in Congress, from 1195 to 1809. 492 BIOcGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. VERPLANCK, JULIAN C. City of New York, and he was afterwards, for several years a member An American author, and born in of the New York Senate. He also the City of New York. He graduated at Columbia College, pursued published, in 1833, a collection of ated at Columbia College, pursued the study of the law, and, after his his discourses and addresses on varithe study of the law, and, after his admission to the bar, he passed se- ous subjects, and in 1844-46, a handsome edition of Shakspeare. veral years abroad, in Great Britain handsome edition of Shakspeare. and on the continent. On his re-VINING -JOHN turn home, he became interested in politics, and, in 1814, was a candi- was a Representative in Condate of the "malcontents" in New gress, from Delaware, from 1789 to York for the Assembly. In 1819 1792, and a Senator in Congress, from 1793 to 1798. He had previhe wrote the "State Triumvirate, a ously been elected a Delegate to Political Tale," being a satire on the Continental Congress, from the political parties of the day, and 1784 to 1786. other works of a similar description. In 1820 he was a prominent VINTON, SAMUEL F. member of the New York Legisla.- Born at South Hadley, Massature, in which he was Chairman of Born at South e arley, Massathe Committee on Education. He chusetts, September 2, 1792. He soon after became Professor of the graduated at Williams College, Evidences of Christianity, in the Massachusetts, in 1814; studied Theological Seminary of the Pro- law in Middletown, Connecticut, testant Episcopal Church in New and was admitted to the bar in York, and, in 1824, he published 1816, when he removed to Ohio, his "Essays on the Nature and Uses and practiced his profession with eminent success. He was first of the various Evidences of Revealed Religion," a work written elected a Representative in Conwith simplicity and elegance. The gress, in 1823, and served fourteen following year appeared his "Es- years, when he declined a re-elecsay on the Doctrine of Contracts, tion; he was re-elected in 1843, being an Inquiry how Contracts are and served eight years in succesaffCected, in Law anad~ Morals, by sion, when he again declined a reConcealment, Error, or Inadequate election, and retired to private life, Price." Besides these works, he where his tastes and wishes incline him to remain. While in Congress, contributed much to various maga- ir to re main. While in C ongress, zines, and in conjunction with Mr. Bryant and Mr. Sands, he published several of the most important comthe Talisman, a sort of annual, mittees. three volumes of which appeared. VOSE, ROGER. From 1825 he was for eight years He graduated at Harvard Unia member of Congress, from the versity in 1790; was a Representa BIO GiRAPH ICAL SKETCHES. 493 tive in Congress, from New Hamp- Ohio, in 1821, where he remained shire, from 1813 to 1817; and died until 1824, and engaged in clearing in 1841. the land. He studied law in Albany and Troy, New York, and was VROOnM, PETER D. admitted to the bar in Jefferson, He was born in New Jersey, and Ohio, in 1827, and was elected juswas a Representative in Congress, tice of the peace in that county; in from that State, from 1839 to 1841. 1832 he removed to Unionville, and He was also Governor of New Jer- remained until 1837, and finally setsey, from 1829 to 1832, and for a tled in Cleveland. He was elected second term, from 1833 to 1836. In a Representative, from Ohio, in'the 1853 he was appointed Minister to Thirty-third Congress, to which poPrussia. sition he has been re-elected to the present time, and has also been reWADE, BENJAMIN F. elected to the Thirty-sixth ConHe was born in Feeding Hills gress. He is a member of the Comparish, Massachusetts, October 27, mittee on Commerce. 1800; received a limited education, and commenced active life by teach- WADSWORTH, JEREMIAH. ing school and attending to agricul- He was a Delegate, from Contural pursuits, in Ohio, to which he necticut, to the Continental Conremoved when twenty-one years of gress, from 1786 to 1788, and a age; he studied law, and was ad- Representative in Congress, from mitted to the bar in 1828; and he that State, from 1789 to 1795. was elected a Senator in Congress, from Ohio, in 1851, for the term WADSWORTH, PELEG. ending in 1857, and re-elected for Was born in Duxbury, Massachua second term, ending in 1863. The setts, May 6, 1748; graduated at other public positions held by him Harvard College in 1769, and afterare, Justice of the Peace, Prosecut- wards engaged in commercial puring Attorney for Ashtabula Coun- suits. He joined the army as capty, State Senator, and President of tan of a company of minute men a Judicial Circuit. He is at pre- at Roxbury, in the beginning of the sent a member of the Committee war, and by his skill and courage, on Territories, in the Senate. rose rapidly in the service. He was second in command of the forces WADE, EDWARD. sent to Penobscotby Massachusetts, He was born in West Springfield, in 1779, on which occasion he disMassachusetts, November 22, 1803, played great courage, and was and received a common school edu- taken prisoner. He rose to the cation; he removed with his father rank of brigadier-general. After to Andover, Ashtabula County, the war, in 1784, he established 494 BIGRAPHI CAL SKETCHES. himself in Portland, Maine, in mer- WAKEMAN, ABRAM. cantile business; and was employed Born in Fairfield, Connecticut much in surveying, in which he was May 31, 1824. He received a disquite skillful. In 1192 he was elect- trict school education; when sixed a Senator to the Legislature of teen years of age he removed to New Massachusetts, and the same year Rochelle, New York, and taught was chosen to Congress the first school; he subsequently attended Representative from his district. an acacley in Herkimer County He was successively re-elected until e was successively redelected afuntil as pupil, working a part of the time on a farm to pay his expenses; *he nomination. In 1798, the citizens then went into the wilderness and of Portland gave him a public dintook charge of a saw-mill; afer ner in approbation of his conduct as that he went into the business of that he went into the business of their Representative. In 1801 he selling books by subscription, traremoved to the County of Oxford, veling through much of the Union; Maine, to improve a large tract of in 1844 he commenced the study of land granted to him by government, in Herkimer County New for his services. Here he passed York; went to H ew ork City in York; went to New York City in the remainder of his days in retire- and was admitted to the bar in 1846, and was admitted to the bar in ment enjoying the respect of a ment, enjoyingtherespectofa1847; in 1850 he was elected to the large circle of his friends and fellow- Legislature; re-elected in 1851 in citizens. Hle died in 1829. 1854 was elected an alderman in New York, serving two years; and He WAGsboENER, D. D. Pennsylin 1856 was elected a RepresentaHe was baorn in Pennsylvania, and tive to the Thirty-fifth Congress. was a Representative in Congress, He has also fRepre ntly served as a from that State, from 1833 to 1841. member of State conventions. WAGGAMANN, GEORGE A. He was Secretary of State of WALBRIDGE, DAVID S. Louisiana, under three administra- Born in Bennington, Vermont, tions; held various other public posi- July 30, 1802; received his educations, and was a Senator in Congress, tion from the common schools of the from- 1831 to 1835 He died at vicinity; has devoted himself to the New Orleans, March 23, 1843, from various employments of the farmer, the effects of a wound received in a the merchant and the miller; he reduel, aged fifty-three years. moved to Michigan in 1842; and was elected a Representative in WAGNER, PETER J. Congress, from that State, in 1854, He was born in New York, and in which capacity he is still serving was a Representative in Congress, his adopted State, and is a member from that State, from 1839 to 1841. of the Committee on Public Lands. BIORAPH I CAL SKE T C H E S. 495 WALBRIDGE, HENRY S. the classics to some extent under Hle was a Representative in Con- private instructors; read law, and gress, from New York, from 1851 was admitted to practice in the to 1853. courts of the State of Connecticut, in September, 1825; located in WALBRIDGE, HIRAM. Tolland County, Connecticut, where Born at Ithica, Tomplkins Coun- he was States Attorney from 1837 ty, ew York, ebruary 2, 1821; to 1849; was two years Judge of ty, Niew York, February 2, 1821; commenced life by learning the the Court of Probate in his district, commenced life by learning the trade of a mechanic; subsequently and six years a member of the Letrade of.amechanicsubsequenl gislature of his State. In April, received a good education at the gislature of his State. In pril, reeOhio Uiversity; whed n atwenty 1849, he was elected to the Thirtyfirst Congress and served the term. three years of age was elected briga- In 1852 he was elected Commiscdier-general of the Ohio militia; sioner of the School Fund of Conand removing to New York City, necticut was in M was elected a Representative in 1853, apCongress, from New York, serving pointed, by President Pierce, Comfrom 1853 to 1855. missioner of Pensions, and in June, 1855, was elected, by the LegislaWALDEN, HIRAM. ture of Connecticut, to the office of Judge of the Supreme Court, which Hie was born in Rutland County,office he now holds. Vermont, August 29, 1800; received i limited education, and having removed with his father to New York, devoted himself to the busi- He was born in Albany, New ness of cloth dressing and wool York, October 11, 1819; graduated carding; he took an interest in at Rutgers's College, New Brunsmilitary affairs, and attained the wick, New Jersey, in July, 1836; beoffice of major-general of militia; came a civil engineer by profession; in 1836 he was elected to the State was elected to the Legislature of Legislature; in 1842 he was elect- Michigan in 1843; and served as ed a supervisor in the County of a Representative in Congress, durSchoharie; and was a [Representa- ing the years 1855, 1856, 1857, tive in Congress, from New York, and 1858; and is a member of the from 1849 to 1851. Committee on Mileage. He has been re-elected to the Thirty-sixth WALDO, LORIN P. Congress. Was born in Canterbury, Windham County, Connecticut, February WALES, GEORGE E. 2, 1802; received a thorough He was a Representative in ConEnglish education in the common gress, from Vermont, from 1825 to schools, and pursued the study of 1829. 496 BIOG RAPHICAL SKETCHES. WALES, JOHN. WALKER, ISAAC P. He was a Senator in Congress, He was a Senator in Congress, from Delaware, from 1849 to 1851. from Wisconsin, froiom 1848 to 1855, and Chairman of the Committee on WALKER, BENJAMIN. Revolutionary Claims. He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1801 WALKER, JOHN. to 1803. He was a Senator in Congress, from Virginia, during the year WALKER, DAVID. 1. 1790. He was a Representative, in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1817 to WALKER, JOHN. 1820. He was a Senator in Congress, from Georgia, from 1790 to 1791. WALKER, FELIXTS. He was born in Hampshire Coun- WALKER, JOHN W. ty, Virginia, July 19, 1753, and He was a Senator in Congress, was a Representative in Congress, from Alabama, from 1819 to 1822 from North Carolina, from 1817 to and died in April 1823. 1823; was the friend and companion of Daniel Boone, when he WALKER, PERCY. explored Kentucky and founded explored Kentucky and founded Born near Huntsville, Alabama; Boonesborough; he served as a sol- received an academic education dier in the Indian wars in the Ca-ed and in 1835 graduated in the medirolinas; settled in Tryon County, North o arolina; and waTs for mony cal department of the TUniversity of North Carolina; and was for many Pennsylvania, and removed to Moyears in the State Legislature; and Pennsylvania, and removed to o bile. He served as an officer in a subsequently removing to the State of nMississippi, he died there in volunteer company during the Creek 1830. war. He afterwards studied law as a profession, and was admitted to 7WIALKER, FRANCIS. the bar in 1842; he was elected He was a Representative in Con- by the Legislature to the office of gress, from North Carolina, from States Attorney for the Sixth Ju1793 to 1795. dicial Circuit, which he held four years. In 1839, 1847, and 1853, WALKER, FREEMAN. he represented Mobile County in IHe was a Senator in Congress, the General Assembly, and in 1855 from Georgia, from 1819 to 1821. was elected a Representative from Alabama, to the Thirty-fourth ConWALKER, GEORCGE. gress. At the next election he He was a Senator in Congress, declined being a candidate, and refrom Kentucky, from 1814 to 1815. sumed the practice of law. B IO G RAP H I CAL SKETCHES. 497 WALKER, ROBERT J. visited England, where he met with flattering attentions. After having Was born at Northumberland, in been for some years out of the pale the State of Pennsylvania, in 1801. of politics, he was appointed, by He entered the University of Penn- of politics, he President ]lBuchanan, in 1857, Gosylvania, in Philadelphia, where he graduted in 1819 On leaving. vernor of the Territory of Kansas, graduated in 1819. On leaving g which office he resigned, and has College, he settled in Pittsburg, studied law, and was aditted tosince occupied no public position. studied law, andl was admzitted to practice in 1821. He interestedVALKER, WILLIA I A. himself in politics at a very early period, and became chairman of a was Democratic committee during a and was a Representative in ConState election, when, only twentytwo years of age. A year or two later he took part in the movement WALL, GARRET D. in favor of nominating General Bornin Monmouth County, New Jackson to the Presidency, and Jersey, AMarch 10, 1783; received was instrumental in bringing about an academical education, and in the action of the Harrisburg Con- 1798 commenced the study of law vention, which nominated Jackson at Trenton; in 1804 was licensed for that office in 1824. In the as an attorney, and in 1807 as spring of 1826 he moved to the counselor-at-law. Was appointed State of Mississippi. He uniformly Clerk of the Supreme Court in refused every political office which 1812, which office he held for five was offered him, until 1834, when years. He commanded a volunteer he consented to become a candidate company'at the defence of Sandy for the office of United States Se- Hook, in the* last war; and was nator; but the Whigs having a ma- Quartermaster-general of the State jority in the State Senate, he was from 1815 to 1837. In 1827 he not elected. In 1836, however, he was elected to the General Assemwas more successful, and took his bly. In 1829 was appointed United seat in the Senate shortly after. In States District Attorney for Newthat body he was one of th e leaders Jersey, and the same year elected of his party, and participated fully Governor of the State, by the Lein the debates, uniformly support- gislature, but declined the appointing the men and measures of the ment. He was a member of the Democratic party. In March, 1845, United States Senate, from 1835 to on President Polk's accession to 1841. In 1843 his health was office, Mr. Walker was called upon greatly impaired by a stroke of to take charge of the Treasury De- paralysis, but in 1848 he was appartment, which he administered pointed Judge of the Court of Errors for four years. He subsequently and Appeals, which office he occu32 498 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHE S. pied until his death, which occurred WALN, ROBERT. in Bu3rlington, New Jersey, Novem- He was a prominent merchant in belr 22, 1850. His disease was Philadelphia, and a member of Condropsy on the chest. gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1798 to 1801, and died January 24, 1836, WALLACE, DANIEL. aged seventy-one years. He was born in South Carolina, and was a Representative in Con- WALSH, MIKE. gress, from 1847 to 1853. He was born in New York; was for some years the editor of a newsWALLACE, DAVID. paper in New York City; and a He was born in Indiana, and Representative in Congress, from was a Representative in Congress, 1853 to 1855. from that State, from 1841 to 1843. WVALSII, THOMAS Y. WALLACE, JAMES M AHe was a native of Maryland, and a Representative in Congress, He was born in Dauphin Coulnty, tfrom that State, from 1851 to 1853. Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, WALTON, E. P. from 1815 to 1821. Born at Montpelier, Vermont, February 17, 1812; studied law, WALLEYL, SAMUEL H. but was a practical printer and ediBorn in Boston, 3Massachusetts, tor, having for several years edited August 31, 1805; fitted for College the Vermont Watchman; he served at Andover Academy; graduated in the State Legislature, as Repreat Harvard College in 1826; stu- sentative, one term; and was then died law; officiated for twenty elected a Representative to the years as treasurer of a savings Thirty-fifth Congress, and is a membank in Boston, for the benefit of ber of the Committee on Public seamen; was also treasurer for a Expenditures. He has also been long time of a railroad in Vermont, re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Conand one in New York; he was also gress. a member of the State Legislature for eight sessions, and Speaker of WALTON, GEORGE. the House for two years; and a He was a native of Virginia, born Representative in Congress, from in 1740; he served an apprentice1853 to 1855. On his return from ship to the carpenter's trade, after Washington, he was the Whig can- the expiration of which he removed didate for Governor of Massachu- to Georgia, studied law, and was setts, but was defeated, since which admitted to the bar in 1774. He time he has lived in retirement. was one of the signers of the Decla BIO GRAP ICAL SK E TC H E S. 499 ration of Independence, and one of tice, and when twenty-two was lithe four individuals who called a censed as an attorney of the Supublic meeting, at Savannah, to preme Court of New York. He concert measures for the defence of settled at Plattsburg in 1811, and the country, in 1774; was one of held successively the offices of Masthe committee who prepared a peti- ter in Chancery, officer of militia tion to the King, and drew up the during the siege of Plattsburg in patriotic resolutions adopted on 1814, and adjutant-general of the that occasion. He was active in combined forces, having, as such, promoting the Revolution at home, participated in the battles of Beekand in 1776 was a Delegate to Con. manstown and Pike's Cantonment. gress, from Georgia. When the He was a member of the House enemy attacked Savannah he was during the Seventeenth Congress, dangerously wounded and taken declined a re-election, and was apprisoner, but was released in 1779, pointed a Circuit Judge in 1823; and the same year was chosen Go- and in 1828 he was made Chancelvernor of the State; in 1780 was lor of the State of New York, which again sent to Congress, and in 1783 he held for twenty years, when the was appointed Chief Justice of the office was abolished. His opinions State; in 1787 was a delegate to as Chancellor were published in the Convention for framing the fourteen volumes, while his other Constitution of the United States, opinions occupy as many more. but declined taking his seat; in 1793 was again Judge of the Su- WARD, AARON. preme Court, and in 1795 was tie was born at Sing Sing, New elected to succeed General Jackson York; was educated at Mount as a Senator in Congress, serving Pleasant Acadenmy, and adopted one year. lHe died February 2, the profession of law. He served, 1804. in 1813, in the regular army, as a WALTON, MATTHEW. captain; was, for a time, after the He was a Representative in Con- war, District Attorney for the Coungress, from Kentucky, from 1803 to ty of Westchester, and subsequently 1807. attained the position of major-general of the New York militia. His WALWORTH, REUBEN HYDE. terms of service as a Representative He was born at Bozrah, Con- in Congress, were from 1825 to necticut, in October, 1789. IHe 1829, from 1831 to 1837, and from spent his earlier years on a farm, 1841 to 1843. and had few advantages of education. He commenced the study of WARD, ARTEMAS. law at the age of seventeen, and Graduated at Harvard College in when twenty was admitted to prac- 1748. He was a Representative in 500 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. the Massachusetts Legislature; a WARD, ELIJAII. member of the Common Council of Ie was born in Sing Sing, New Boston; and a Jndge of the Court York, September 16, 1816; received of Common Pleas for the County of an academical education, and was Worcester. June ni, i7 o5, he was bred a merchant, chiefly in the City appointed Major-General of the of New York, where he was PresiAmerican army, and was intrusted dent of the Mercantile Library Aswith the command of the right wing sociation in 1839; he studied law of the troops stationed at Roxbury, at the University of New York, and for the siege of Boston. He was a was admitted to the bar in 1843; Delegate to the Provincial Con- and was elected a Representative gress, and a Representative in the Thirty-fifth Congress, servUnited States Congress, from Mas- ing on the Committee for the Dissachusetts, from 1791 to 1795. He trict of Columbia. was much esteemed by Washington, and although he resigned his com- WARD, JONATHAN. mission in April, 1776, yet at the He was a native of New York; request of the Commander-in-chief and a Representative in Congress, he continued some time longer in from 1815 to 181T, having been a the service. He was a man of ex- State Senator, from Westchester emplary piety and incorruptible in- County, from 1807 to 1810. tegrity. After a long and patient endurance of many sufferings, he WARD, MATT. died, October 28, 1800, aged seven- He was born in Elbert County, ty-three years. Georgia, but grew up to manhood in Mfladison County, Alabama. Ile received an academical education; WARD, ARTENMAS. was a school teacher for two years;'He was a native of Massachu- studied law; and became a citizen setts, and born in 1763; graduated of the Republic of Texas in 1836. at Harvard University in 1783. He He served a number of years in the studied law and was admitted to Congress of that Republic, and practice, and soon became eminent when it became a State, was elected in his profession. He was elected to the Legislature as a Senator. a Representative in Congress, from He was a member of the two Massachusetts, from 1813 to 1817. Conventions which nominated Mr. In 1821 he was appointed Chief Pierce and Mr. Buchanan for the Justice of the Court of Common office of President; in 1856 he was Pleas, which office he held for nine- chosen President of the State Demoteen years. He died in Boston, cratic Convention held at Austin; October 7, 1847. He was honored and in 1858 was elected a Senator with the degree of LL.D. from in Congress, from Texas, for the Harvard University. term ending in 1863. BIO GRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 501 WARD, THOMAS. WARNER, HIRAM. Was a Representative in Con- Born in Hampshire County, Masgress, from New Jersey, from 1813 sachusetts, October 29, 1802; he to 1817. He died at Newark, New received a good common school Jersey, February 4, 1842, aged education, with some knowledge of eighty-three. the classics, and emigrated to Georgia at the age of seventeen, WARD, WILLIABM T. and there taught school for three years; with his earnings he was He was born in Kentucky; and enabled to study the profession of was a Representative in Congress, law, and was admitted to practice from that State, from 1851 to 1853. in 1825, and opened an office at Knoxville, in Crawford County. W;YARD~W~ELL, DANIEL. From 1828 to 1831 he was a Representative in the General AssemHe was born in Rhode Island, bly, and declined a re-election. In and having taken up his residence 1833 he was elected by the Legisin New York, was elected a Repre- lature one of the Judges of the Snsentative in Congress, from that perior Courts of the State, and was State, from 1831 to 1837, and was reappointed in 1836, holding the Chairman of the Committee on office until 1840. From that time Revolutionary Pensions. He was till 1845 he was engaged in a lucraalso a member of the New York tive practice, and was that year Assembly for four years, from Jef- appointed one of the Judges of the ferson County. Supreme Court, serving for eight years, and then resigned. In 1855 WARE, NICHOLAS. he was elected a Representative in the Thirty-fourth Congress, and deHe was a Senator in Congress, dined a re-election in 185I. from Georgia, from 1821 to the time of his death, which occurred WARREN, CORNELIUS. in New York City, September B7, Born in aPutnam County, New 1824. York, in 1790, and died at Cold Spring, July 28, 1849. He was a WARFIELD, HENRY R. member of Congress, from New Was born in Anne Arundel Coun- York, from 1847 until his death. ty, Maryland; and was a Representative in Congress, from that WARREN, EDWARD A. State, from 1819 to 1825. On Born in Green County, Alabama, the morning of March 18, 1839, he MIay 2, 1818; received a liberal was found dead in his bed, at Fre- education, and studied the profesderick, Maryland. sion of law. He served in the Mis 502 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. sissippi Legislature in 1845 and of the Legislature in 1842, and 1846, and in the Legislature of Ar- elected to the Federal House of Rekansas in 1848 and 1849, as Speaker presentatives, from Maine, for the of the House. In 1850 he was Thirty-second, Thirty-third, Thirtyelected States Attorney for the fourth, and Thirty-fifth Congresses, Sixth Judicial District of Arkan- and is a member of the Committee sas, and was a Representative, from on Elections. He has been rethat State, in the Thirty-third Con- elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, and was re-elected to the gress. Thirty-fifth. He is a member of the Committees on the Militia, and WASIIBURNE, C. C. Railroads and Canals. Born in the town of Livermore, Maine, April 22, 1818. IHe is a lawyer by profession; removed to WARREN, LOTT. WARRE in.Bukeon, y Wisconsin, and was elected a ReBorn in Burke County, Georgia, presentative, from that State, to October 30, 1797; commenced life the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth as a clerk in a store; served in the Congresses. He is a member of Seminole war as a second lieutenant the Committees on Private Land of militia, in 181 8; studied law, Claims and Expenditures on the and was admitted to the bar in Public Buildings. He has been re1821; in 1823 he was elected a elected to the Thirty-sixth Conmajor of battalion; in 1824 went gress. to the State Legislature; in 1825 was appointed Solicitor-General to WASHBURNE, ELIHU B. fill a vacancy; in 1830 he was sent to the State Senate; in 1831 again Born in Livermore, Oxford Conelected to the Lower House; and ty, Maine, September 23, 1816; he was a Representative in Con- studied law at Harvard University, gress from 1839 to 1843. He is and practiced at Galena, Illinois. still devoted to the profession of He was elected a Representative in law. the Thirty-fifth Congress, from that State, and is a member of the ComWASHBURN, ISRAEL. mittee on Commerce. He has also been re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Born June 6, 1813, at Livermiore, Congress. County of Oxford, (now Androscoggin,) Maine. He received a classical education; studied law, and in WASHINGTON, GEORGE C. October, 1834, was admitted to the Born in NTestmoreland County, bar; he commenced the practice of Virginia, August 20, 1789, and the law in Orono, Penobscot Coun- died in Georgetown, District of ty, December, 1834, where he has Columbia, July 17, 1854. He was since resided. He was a member educated at Cambridge, and became BIO GRAPHICAL S KETCrHES. 503 a lawyer by profession, though par- WATMOUGH, JOHN G. tial to the pursuit of agriculture. HI-e was born on the banks of the At the time of his death he was the Brancdywine, Delaware, December oldest and nearest surviving male 6, 1793, and educated at the Unirelative of his granduncle, General relative of his graducle, General versity of Pennsylvania and PrinceWashington. He represented Maryton. He served in the war of 1812, as land in Congress, from 1827 to 33 iand fCrom 1835 to 1837. He a lieutenant in the Second Artillery, 1833, an rm13 t 87 eand while doing service on the fronwas also President of the Chesatiers, in 1813 and 1814, was woundpeake and Ohio Canal, and a Conm- ed by receiving in his body three missioner for the settlement of Indian musket balls, the last of which was claims. When General Scott was extracted in 1835; he resigned his nominated for the Presidency, Mr. commission in 1816, and was elected Washington was spoken of as the a Representative in Congress, from candidate for Vice-President. Pennsylvania, in 1831, where he remained four years, during the whole WASHINGTON, WILLIAM H. of which period his wounds were Born in North Carolina; gradu- open and constantly giving him pain. ated at le College in 1834, an His other public positions were those ated at Yale College in 1834, and is a lawyer b profession. e of aid-de-camp to General Gaines at New Orleans, and in the Creek was in Congress from 1841 to 1843, and subsequently five or six years Sation in 1814 and 1815; Ityan Sheriff of Philadelphia City and in the State Legislature. County, in 1835; and Surveyor of that port in 1841. Of late years AVATKINS, ALBERT G. he has lived in retirement. He was born in Jefferson County, Tennessee, May 5, 1818; was edu- WATSON, COOPER K. cated at Holston College, Tennessee; adopted the profession of law; He was born in Ohio, and was a was elected to the Legislature, from Representative in Congress, from his native county, in 1845; was a that State, from 1855 to 1857. Presidential Elector in 1848; and was first elected a Representative in Congress in 1849, and has been WATSON, J. re-elected to each succeeding Con- He was a Senator in Congress, gress, excepting the Thirty-third, from New York, from 1798 to 1800; when he declined the nomination. has previously been a member of He is at the present time a member the Assembly of New York, during' of the Committees on Manufactures the years 1791i, 1194, 1795, and and on the Militia. 1796; was a State Senator in 1797. .50s a lB I OtGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. WATTERSON, HARVEY M. Representative in Congress in 1791. He was born in Tennessee, and In 1792 he was again called into was a Representative in Congress, military service, and succeeded St. from that State, from 1839 to 1843. Clair in the command of the army against the In dian s, gaining a WATTS, JOHN. complete victory over them in 1794, at the battle of the Miami; He was born in Nlew York in he concluded a treaty, August 3, 1749, and died in New York City,. < 1749em, andbded in New6 Yok Ct, a1795, with the hostile tribes northSeptember 3, 1836. He was a west of the Ohio. While in the member of Congress, from 1793 to service of his country, having at1795. tained the rank of major-general, ANTHONY. he died in a hut at Presque Isle, WA-VYNE, ANTHONY. and was buried on the shore of Lake Born in Easttown, Chester Coun- Erie, in December, 1796. ty, Pennsylvania, in 1746. In 1773 he was elected a Representative in the General Assembly, where he WAYNE, ISAAC. took an active part against the He was a Representative in Conclaims of Great Britain. In 1775 gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1823 he entered the army as colonel, and to 1825. in the battle at the Three Rivers, in June, 1776, received a wound in the leg, and at the close of the campaign he was made a brigadier- He was born in Savannah, Georgeneral. In the battles of Brandy- gia. Having obtained an excellent wine, Germantown, and Monmouth, preliminary education, under the inand especially at Stony Point, he struction of a private tutor, he engreatly distinguished himself, in tered Nassau Hall, (now Princeton the latter assault receiving a severe College,) where he counted among wound in the head. In 1781 he his fellow-students some of the leadled the Pennsylvania line, to form ing men of the present day. On his a junction with La Fayette in Virgi- return home, at the end of his collenia, and engaged in the capture of giate course, he commenced the study Cornwallis; after which he con- of law with one of the most disducted the war in Georgia with tinguished lawyers of Savannah; equal success, receiving from the but his father having died a few Legislature of that State a valu- months afterwards, he left, by the able farm as a reward for his ser- advice of his friends, to prosecute vices, upon which he retired after his studies at the North. On his the war. In 1787 he was a memr- return home he commenced the her of the Convention for framing practice of his profession, and also the Constitution, and served as a took much interest in politics. Af BIoGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 505 ter three or four years, he was were very deficient, and he was inelected a member of the General debted for his earliest instruction Assembly, as an opponent of the to his mother. For a few months "relief law," which had created only, in 1796, he enjoyed the admuch feeling throughout the State. vantages of Phillips's Exeter AcaHe was re-elected the following demy; here his education for colyear, but declined being a candi- lege commenced, and it was comdate the third time. He was next pleted at Boscawen. He entered mayor of the city. On his resig- Dartmouth College in 1797, and nation of that office, he was chosen graduated in 1801. Soon after he Judge of the Superior Court, and engaged in professional studies, served for five years and a half. He first in his native village, and afterwas then elected a member of Con- wards at Fryeburg, in Maine, where, gress in the session of 1829-30. at the same time, he had the charge HIe took a prominent position in the of an academy, and was also a coHouse as a debater, and also proved pyist in the office of Register of himself a good business member on Deeds. Having completed his stuvarious committees. He was a sup- dies in the office of Governor Gore, porter of President Jackson, by of Boston, he was admitted to the whom he was appointed to a seat bar of Suffolk, Massachusetts, in the on the bench of the United States year 1805. He commenced the Supreme Court in 1835. He has practice of law in his native State, proved himself a sound and ac- and county; in 1807 he removed to complished jurist. He has espe- Portsmouth, New Hampshire, and cially devoted his attention to the soon became engaged in a respectasubject of admiralty jurisprudence, ble but not lucrative practice. In and his opinion on points con- 1812 he was chosen a Representanected with that subject are every- tive in Congress, from Massachuwhere cited as high authority. setts,and wasre-elected. Heremoved to Boston in 1816, and was placed WEAKLEY, ROBERT. at once beside the leaders of the He was a epresentative in Con- Massachusetts bar, having already He was a Representative in Conappeared before the Supreme Court gress, from Tennessee, from 1809 and, ino 1819e wassee, appoi of the United States, at WVashingto 1811, and in 1819 was appointed to 1811, and in 1819wasappoi ton. By his argument in the DartUTnited States Commissioner to treat mouth College case, carried by apwith the Chickasaws. peal to Washington, in 1817, he took rank among the most distinWEBSTER, DANIEL. guished jurists in the country. In Born in the town of Salisbury, 1820 he was chosen a member of New Hampshire, January 18, 1782. the Convention for revising the His opportunities for education Constitution of Massachusetts. lHe 506 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. was offered, about this time, a no- lish courts. On the accession of mination as a Senator of the United President Harrison, he was apStates, but declined. In 1822 he pointed Secretary of State, and was elected a IRepresenntative in was continued in this office by PreCongress, from the City of Boston; sident Tyler. President Tyler's he took his seat in December, 1823, cabinet was broken up in 1842, but and early in the session made his Mr. Webster remained in office till celebrated speech on the GCreek the spring of 1843, being desirous Revolution, which at once esta- of putting some other matters, conblished his reputation as one of the nected with our foreign relations, first statesmen of the age. In the in a prosperous train. Mir. Webautumn of the same year he was re- ster returned to the Senate of the elected. In 1826 he was again United States in 1845, and he reelected, and under the presidency mained in that body until 1850, of Mr. Adams he was the leader of when he was appointed Secretary the friends of the administration, of State, by President Fillmore. In first in the House of Representa- December, 1850, the famous Hiilsetives, and afterwards in the Senate, mann letter was written. In 1851, to which he was elected in 1827. by his judicious management of the HIis speech on the Panama Mission Cuba question, he obtained of the was made in the first session of the Spanish Government the pardon of Nineteenth Congress. When the the followers of Lopez, who had tariff law of 1824 was brought for- been deported to Spain. About ward he spoke against it, on the the same time he received from the ground of expediency. He remained English Government an apology in the Senate a period of twelve for the interference of a British years. In 1830 he made what is cruiser with an American steamer, generally regarded the ablest of his in the waters of Nicaragua. This parliamentary efforts, his second was the second time that the British speech in reply to Colonel I-Iayne, Government had made a similar of South Carolina. Mr. Webster, concession at the instance of Mr. although opposed to the admin- Webster. The first was in reference istration of General Jackson, to the destruction of the " Caroline,"' gave it a cordial support in its at Schlosser. He paid much attenmeasures for the defence of the tion to agriculture, and his resiUnion, in 1832 and 1833, but op- dence, when not engaged in public posed its financial system. In 1839 business at Washington, was either he made a short visit to Europe. at Marshfield, in Massachusetts, or His fame had preceded him, and he at the place of his birth, in New was received, in the Old World, with Hampshire. The works of MIr. the attention due to his character Webster were published in six voand talents, at the French and Eng- lumes, with a biographical memoir BIO GRAPHICAL SKEI T CH ES. 507 by Edward Everett. He died Oc- 1846 and 1847; and a Representatober 23, 1852, at Marshfield; and in tive in Congress, from 1851 to 1853. 1857, two volumes of Mr. Webster's He is, at the present time, one of private correspondence were pub- the Trustees of the Ohio Univerlished by his son, Fletcher Web- sity. ster, Esq. WELCH, WILLIAM W. WEBSTER, TAYLOR. He was born in Norfolk, Connecticut, December 10, 1818; received HIe was born in Pennsylvania, inthe rudiments of his education at and having settled in Ohio, was elected a Representative in Con- the common schools and from prielectedl a tiepresentative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to vate instructors, and having turned gress, from that State, from 1833 to 1839. 1his attention to the science of medicine, received the degree of M.D. WEEKS, JOHN W. from the medical institution of Yale College, in 1838; aid, excepting He was a Representative in Con- College, in 1838; a when interrupted by his public dungress, from INew Hampshire, from.. gress,1829 to NewHampshireo33. m ties, has ever been a practicing physician. He has twice been electWEEKS, JOSEPH. ed to the House of Representatives, and twice to the Senate of Conle was born in Massachusetts, necttent; and he was a Representaand was a Representative in Contive, from that State, during the gress, from New Hampshire, from Thirty-fourth Congress. Thirty-fourth Congress. 1835 to 1839. WELLBORN, M. J. WEEMIS, JOHN C. He was born in Maryland, and He was born in Georgia, and was Hie was born in Maryland, and a Representative in Congress, from was a Representative in Congress, that State, fro 1849 to 1851. fromthat State, from 18182649 to 1851. from that State, from 1826 to 1829. WELLER, JOIHN B. WEIGHTMAN, R. C. i He was born in Ohio; was a Relie was a Delegate to Congress, presentative in Congress, from that from the Territory of New Mexico, State, from 1839 to 1845; was the from 1851 to 1853. first United States Commissioner to Mexico, under the treaty of GuaWiELJCH, JOHN. dulupe Hidalgo; and having taken He was born in Jefferson County, up his residence in California, was Ohio, October 28, 1805; was edu- elected to the United States Secated at Franklin College, Ohio; nate, in 1851, for a long term; and studied law, and was admitted to was subsequently elected Governor the bar in 1833; he was a member of California, which position he of the State Senate of Ohio, in continues to hold. 508 BIOGRAPIIICAL SKETCHES. WELLES, WILLIAM H. sentative, having extended from He was a Senator in Congress, 1843 to 1855. from Delaware, from 1799 to 1804, WENTWORTI- TAPPAN. and again from 1813 to 1817; he died March 11, 1829. Ile was born in New HIampshire, and was a Representative in ConWELLS, DANIEL, Jn. gress, from Massachusetts, from He was born in Maine, and adopt- 1853 to 1855. ed the profession of law. In 1836 he removed to Wisconsin, and was WESTBROOKI JOHN. a Representative in Congress, from He was born in Pennsylvania, that State, from 1853 to 1855. -He and was a Representative in Consubsequently held the offices of gress, from that State, from 1841 Judge of Probate and County to 1843. Judge, and died in 1.858. WESTBROOK, THEODORIC R. WELLS, JOHN. He was a native of New York, He was born in New York, and and was a Representative in Conwas a Representative in Congress, gress, from that State, from 1853 to from that State, from 1851 to 1853. 1855. WENDOVER, PETER H. WESTCOTT, JAMIES D. He was born in New York He was born at Alexandria, VirCity; was a member of the State ginia, in May, 1802. He removed Assembly, from the City of New with his father to New Jersey, and York, in 1804; and a Representa- was at an early age admitted to the tive in Congress, from that State, bar of the Supreme Court of that from 1815 to 1821. State, where he practiced his profession until 1829; and he afterWENTWORTH, JOHN. wards held, for a short time, a posiHe was born in Sandwich, New tion in the Consular Bureau of the Hampshire, March 5, 1815. HIe State Department at Washington. received an academic education; He was appointed, by President taught school for awhile, and hav- Jackson, Secretary of the Territory ing entered Dartmouth College, of Florida, and held the office four graduated in 1836. Removing, years, performing the duties of the soon afterwards, to Illinois, he stu- Governor during his temporary abdied law and settled in Chicago, sence. He was a member of the where he has ever since been con- Territorial Legislature in 1832. nected with the press, and practiced He was appointed United States his profession, excepting when in District Attorney for the Middle Congress, his service, as a lRepre- District of the Territory, which of BI0 GRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 509 fice he held until 1836. He was University in 1774. He studied again a member of the Legislature, both theology and law. He was a and a member of the Convention county judge, and a Representafor framing a State Constitution, in tive in Congress, from 1809 to 1817. 1838 and 1839. On the admission He died at Norton, Massachusetts, of Florida into the Union as a March 23, 1846, aged ninety-two State, in 1845, he was elected a years. Senator in Congress, and served ~~~until 1849. WhtEELER, GRATTAN IT. until 1849. IHe was a native of New York, WESTERLO, RENSSELAER. and a Representative in Congress, He was born in New York, and from that State, from 1831 to 1833. was a Representative in Congress, He was also a member of the State from that State, from 1817 to 1819. Assembly, from Steuben County, for four years, and one year a mem-. WETHERED, JOHN. ber of the State Senate. He was born in Maryland, and WHEEELER, JOHIN. was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1845. Born in 1823, at Darby, Connecticut; received a good commerWHALLON, REUBEN. cial education, and at the age of He was a Representative in Con- twenty entered the mercantile busigress, from New *York, fromh 1833 ness in New York City; he subseto 1835, and died in Essex Couty, qently engaged in hotel keeping, New York, April 15, 1843, aged which he followed at the time of sixty-six years. his election, and during his service as a member of Congress, having WHARTON; JESSE. been a Representative from 1853 to He represented the State of Ten- 1855. nessee, in Congress, from 1807 to WHIPPLE, THOMAS. 1809, and was a United States Se- He was bred a physician, and nator in 1814 and 1815. He died served the State of New Hampat Nashville, July 22, 1833. shire, as a Representative in ConWHEATON, HORACE. gress, from 1821 to 1829. He died at Wentworth, New Hampshire, He was born in New York, and was in, January 23, 1835, aged fifty years. was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to WHITECOMB, JAMES. 1847. Was born in 1795. He removed WHEATON, LABAN. with his father to Ohio, in 1806; Born at 3Iarshfield, Massachu- had a country school education, setts, and graduated at Harvard and prepared himself for college by 510 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. teaching school, and graduated at WHITE, ALEXANDER. Transylvania University with the highest honors. He studied law, He was a Delegate to th Contia settled to practie in Bloom- nental Congress, from North Caroand settled to practice in Bloomlina, from 1786 to 1788 and a R.eington, Indiana, in 1824. In 1826,, he was appointed Prosecuting At- presentative in Congress, from 1789 torney, and in 1830 was chosen a to 1793, and distinguished for his member of the State Senate, and eloquence and patriotism. He died at Woodville, Yirginia, in 1804 served five years. He was ap-irginia, in 1804 pointed Commissioner of the Ge- aged sixty-six years. neral Land-office in 1836; and in 1841 returned to the practice of his WIIITE, ALEXANDER. profession at Terre Haute, Indiana. HIe was born in Tennessee, and In 1843 he was chosen Governor of having settled in Alabama, was having settled in Alabama, was the State, and was re-elected in elected a Representative in Con1846. He was elected a Senator gress, from that State, from 185! of the YUnited States in 1849, which, from that State, from 185 to 1853. position he held until his death, which occurred in New York, October 4, 1852. IHe was much in- WHITE, ALLISON. terested in the American Bible So- He was born in Pennsylvania, ciety, of which association he was December 21, 1816; received a vice-president. common school education; studied law, and practiced his profession WHITE, ADDISON. for twelve years. He was elected a Representative from PennsylvaHe was born in Kentucky, and nia to the Thirty-fifth Congress, was a Representative in Congress, from the Fifteenth Congressional from that State, from 1851 to 1853. District of that State, and is Chairman of the Committee on ExpendiWHITE, ALBERT S. tures on the Public Buildings. Is a native of one of the North River Counties of New York, was WHITE, BARTOW. well educated, andis alawyer by pro- He was a Representative in Confession, practicing in Lafayette, Ingress, from New York, from 1825 diana. He was a Representative in to 1827. Congress, from Indiana, from 1837 to 1 839, and a Senator of the WHITE BENJAMIN.'United States, from 1839 to 1845. He has since devoted most of his He was born in Maine, and was time to the railroad business, being a Representative in Congress, from president of a company. that State, from 1843 to 1845. BIOGRAPHICAL SKIETCHES 511 WHITE, CAMPBELL P. pursued a course of mathematical e was born in New York and studies, and then went to LancasHe was born in [New York, asncd ter, Pennsylvania, and studied law. Twas a Representative in Congress, fom that State fo 1829 to 1835. He commenced the practice of his profession at Knoxville, in 1196. WHITE, DAVID. In 1801 he was appointed Judge of He was one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of the State, the Circuit Court of Kentucky, and served until 1807. In 1808 he and represented that State in Con- was appointe District Attorney, gress, fromn 1823 to 1825. He and in 1809 was elected to the diecd illn Frankliln County,?Kien- State Senate; he again served six tucky, February 17, 1835, aged years in the Supreme Court as fifty years. Judge, and in 1815 was chosen President of the State Bank of WHITE, EDWAnD D. Tennessee. In 1820 he was again Governor of Louisiana, and a a member of the State Senate, and Representative in Congress, from about that time was appointed, by that State, from 1829 to 1834, and President Monroe, a Commissioner again from 1839 to 1843. His to adjust the claims of our citizens popularity was great, and well de- against Spain. I-e was elected a served. He died in New Orleans, Senator in Congress, from 1825 to April 18, 1847. 1835, and from 1836 to 1840. At the election for Vice-PresiWHITE, FRANCIS. dent of the United States, in I-Ie was a Representative in Con- 1836, he received all the votes gress, from Virginia, his native (twenty-six) of Georgia and TenState, from 1813 to 1815. nessee. lie resigned his seat in the Senate in 1839, having received WVHI TE, I-IUGH. instructions to vote against his own He was born in New York, fol- judgment. Soon after reaching his lowed the plough until he was home, in Knoxville, he died, April nineteen years of age, and was a 10, 1840. Representative in Congress, from his native State, from 1845 to 1851. He was a Representative in ConWHITE, -TUGTI L1AWSON. gress, from Tennessee, from 1P92 He was born in Iredell County, to 1794. [North Carolina, October 30, 1773; removed with his father to Knox WHITE, JOHN. County, Tennessee, in 1786; volun- He was born in 1805; served teered as a private soldier during from 1835 to 1845, as a Representhe Indian hostilities in 1792. In tative in Congress, and was Speak1794 he went to Philadelphia, and er of the House during the Twenty 512 B3 I OGRAP I CAL SKETCHES. seventh Congress. He was Judge WHITE, SAMUEL. of the Nineteenth Judicial District at the time of his death, which oc- D elaware, from 1801 until his froom Delaware, from 1501 until his curred at iRichmond, KIentuckly, death, which occurred at WilmingSeptember 22, 1845. ton, Delaware, November 4, 1809, aged thirty-nine years. WHITE, JOSEPH L. WHITEHILL, JAMES. He was a Representative in Con- WHITEHILL JAMES. gress, from Indiana, from 1841 to He was a Representative in Con1843. 1 gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1813 to 1814. WHITE, JOSEPH M. WHITEI-IILL, JOHN. He was a Delegate to Congress,, from the Territory of Florida, from ie was a Representative in Con1823 to 1837, and died at St. Louis, gress, from Pennsylvaia, from 1803 Missouri, October 18, 1839, while on to 1807. a visit to his brother. He was an eminent lawyer, and noted for his, eloquence and acquirements. He was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1805 to 1813. WHITE, LEONARD. Bornin Haverhill, Massachusetts, WHITELEY, WILLIAMI G. in 1767. He was a fellow-student Born in Newark, New Castle of John Quincy Adams, under the County, Delaware; graduated at tuition of the Rev. Mr. Shaw, of Nassau Hall, Princeton, in 1838. Haverhill, and at Harvard they He is a lawyer by profession, and were of the class of 1787. He was was elected a member of the Thirtyfor many years town clerk and trea- fifth Congress, serving as Chairman surer, and represented his town in of the Committee on Agriculture. the Legislature, and his district in He has been re-elected to the ThirtyCongress, from 1811 to 1813, and sixth Congress. then he was appointed cashier of the Merrimack Bank, which office he WHITESIDE, JENKINS. held until the infirmities of age He was a Senator in Congress, obliged him to retire. He died in from Tennessee, from 1809 to 1811, Haverhill, October 10, 1849. and died September 24, 1822. WHITE, PHINEAS. WHITESIDE, JOHN. He was a Representative in Con- He was a Representative in Congress, from Vermont, from 1821 to gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1815 1823. to 1819. B I GRAP I CAL SKETCHES. 513 WHITMAN, EZEKIEL. WHITTEMORE, ELISHA. Born in East Bridgewater, Mas- He was a Representative in Consachusetts, March 11, 1776; gra- gress, from New York, from 1825 duated at Brown University in to 1827. 1795; settled as a lawyer in the District of Maine, in 1798; he was WHITTLESEY, ELISHA. Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, He was born in Washington, and also of the Supreme Court of Connecticut, October 19, 178 Connecticut, October 19, 1783; he Maine, presiding as such for twenty- spent a part of his boyhood on a spent a part of his boyhood on a five years; and was a 1Representafarm; received an academical edutive in Congress, from Massachu- cation; studied law; and in 1806 cation; studied law; and in 1806 setts, from 1809 to 1811, and from removed to the Western Reserve of 1817 to 1821; and was a RepreOhio, from which district he was a sentative in Congress, from Maine, from 1821to 1823. Hle isstillliving 1823 to 1839. He served in the in the enjoyment of a happy old age. war of 1812, as aid-de-camp to General E. Wadsworth; was for sixteen years a Prosecuting AttorWHITIAN, LEMhIUEL. ney, and was elected to the State He was a graduate of Yale Col- Legislature in 1820 and 1821. He lege in 1 800; was a Representative was appointed, by President Harriin Congress, from Connecticut, from son, Auditor for the Post-office De1823 to 1824; and died at Farm- partment, and, by President Taylor, ington, November 18, 1841. was appointed First Comptroller of the Treasury, which office he continued to hold until the accession of WHITNEY, THOMAS R. President Buchanan. He was born in New York City, in 1804; served two years in the Assembly of that State; -and was a He was born in Washington, ConRepresentative in Congress, from necticut, in June, 1799; graduated New York, from 1855 to 1857. He at Yale College in 1818; studied devoted much of his life to literary law, and was admitted to the bar at pursuits, having been at one time Utica, New York, in 1821; settled editor of the New York Sunday in Rochester in 1822; was a ReNews, and was the author of a poem presentative in Congress from 1831 called the "Ambuscade," and a po- to 1835; in 1839 he was chosen litical work entitled "The Ame- Vice-Chancellor of the Eighth Jurican Policy Vindicated." He died dicial District of New York, and April 12, 1858. retained the office eight years; he 33 514 I O G RAPHICAL SKETCHES. was also a Judge of the Supreme in 1822 he was chosen President Court of the State, and in 1850 he Judge of the Fifth Judicial Circuit, was elected Professor of Law in and in 1825 became Secretary of Genesee College. He died in Ro- State; in 1829 he was Attorney chester, New York, September 19, for the State, in the same circuit, 1.851. from which office he retired in 1831, and was again President Judge for WHITTLESEY, THOMAS T. three years; in 1839 he was elected He was born in Connecticut; a Representative in Congress, and graduated at Yale College in 1817, again in 1845 and 1847; in 1850 and was a Representative in Con- he was again chosen President gress, from his nati've State, from Judge, and from 1853 to 1857, 1836 to 1839. Postmaster at Indianapolis. He had served in the militia of the WHITTLESEY, W. A. State as brigadier-general, quartermaster, and adjutant-general. In He was born in Connecticut; grraduated at Yale College; studied 1857 he resumed the practice of the legal profession. law, and settled to practice in Ohio, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 WICKES, ELIPHALET. to 1851. He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1805 WICK, WILLIASM W. - to 1807. Born in Canonsburg, Washington County, Pennsylvania, February WICKLIFFE, CHARLES A. 23, 1796. He received a classical He was born in Kentucky; was education, and was pursuing a col- educated at the Bardstown gramlegiate course when the death of his mar school; studied law, and atfather threw him upon his own re- tained a high position at the bar. sources; he then followed the occu- In 1812 he was appointed aid-depation of a teacher, and devoted his camp to General Winlock, and durleisure hours to the study of medi- ing the same year was elected to cine until 1818, when he was induced the State Legislature, and re-elected to adopt the law as his profession, in 1813. He was at the battle of and prosecuted his studies with the the Thames, as aid to General CaldHon. Thomas Corwin, and located, well, after which he was again for practice, in Fayette County, In- elected to the Legislature, where he diana, in 1820. He was that year continued until elected to Congress, Assistant Clerk of the House of from Kentucky, in 1823, and to Representatives, and in 1821 Assis- which he was four times re-elected. tant Secretary of the State Senate; He was for several sessions Chair BIOGRAPHICAL S KETCHES. 515 man of the Committee on Public the StateLegislature; was a Judge Lands. On his retirement from of the Superior Court; and was a Congress, in 1833, he was again Senator in Congress, from New elected to the Legislature, and was HIampshire, during the years 1842 Speaker in 1834; in 1836 he and 1843. He died in 1850, aged was elected Lieutenant-Governor of fifty years. Kentucky; on the death of Governor Clark, in 1839, he became act- WILDE, RICHARD HENRY. ing Governor, and in 1841 was appointed Postmaster-General, by He was born in the City of DubPresident Tyler. lin, September 24, 11789. His childhood was passed in Baltimore. AWIDGERY, WILLIAM. His father having died, he obtained the rudiments of learning from his He was a Representative in Con- mother and a private tutor, and in gress, from Massachusetts, from his eleventh year was placed as a 1811 to 1813. clerk in a store; in 1802 he went with his mother to Augusta, GeorWILBURl, ISAAC. gia, and the twain obtained a living He was a Representative in Con- by merchandizing, in a small way, gress, from Rhode Island, from the boy devoting all his leisure 1807 to 1809. to books. Under many difficulties he studied law, and practiced with WILCOX, JEDUTHUN. success; also devoted himself to Born in New Hampshire, in polite literature; as an advocate 1169, and died at Orford, New he rose to eminence; was made Hampshire, in July, 1838. He Attorney-General of Georgia; and, was a Representative in Congress, in 1815, was elected a Representafrom 1813 to 1817i. tive in Congress, from that State, was re-elected in 1823, and again WILCOX, JOHN A. in 1827, serving with marked ability until 1835. After leaving ConHie was born in North Carolina, gress he visited Europe, and on his and on removinfg to Mississilppi, return devoted himself to literawas elected a Representative in ture, politics, and law. In 1843 he ture, politics, and law. In 1843 he Congress, from that State, from removed to New Orleans, where he 1851 to 1853. added to his reputation as a lawyer, and was elected Professor of ConWILCOX, LEONARD. stitutional Law in the University He was a native of New Hamp- of Louisiana. He died in New Orshire; graduated at Dartmouth leans, September 10, 1847, leaving College, in 1817; was a member of a reputation composed of the ele 516 B I OGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. ments of the statesman, the orator, from 1815 to 1819. He died at and the poet. One of his lyrics, en- Goshen, New York, February 23, titled " My Life is Like a Summer 1845. Rose," attracted the praise of Lord Byron. His literary productions WILKIN, SAMUEL J. were quite numerous, and they all HIe was born in New York; grabear the impress of a gifted and duated at Princeton College in highly educated mind. His princi- 1812, and was a Representative in pal work was a "Life of Tasso," Congress, from New York, from which evinced his familiarity with 1831 to 1833; having been in the Italian literature, and gave him a State Assembly, from Orange rank among the best scholars. County, in 1824 and 1825. WILDMAN, ZALMON. WILKINS, WILLIAM. He was a Senator in Congress, -Ie was from Danbury, Connecti- firom Pennsylvania, fromn 1831 to cut, and was elected a Representa- Pennsylvania, from 1831 to 1834, and was subsequently aptive in Congress, from that State, 1834, and was subsequently apfrom 1835 to 1836. He died at pointed American Minister PleniWashington, District of Columbia, potentiary to Russia. December 10, 1835, before the expiration of his term. WILLEY, CALVIN. Born at East Haddam, ConnecWILDRICK, ISAAC. ticut, September 15, 1776; he read law and was admitted to the bar in He was born in New Jersey, and 1798; he served in the State Legiswas a Representative in Congress, lature and Senate a number of from that State, from 1849 to 1853. years, and was Postmaster at Stafford Springs eight years; Judge WILEY, JAMES S. of Probate for seven years; in 1824 he was a Presidential Elector; and He was born in Maine, and was a Senator in Congress, from 1825 a Representative in Congress, from to 1831. He died at Stafford, that State, from 1847 to 1849. Connecticut, August 23, 1858. WILKIN, JAMES W. WILLIAM, BENJAMIN. Born in 1762; was a member of He was a native of North Carothe Legislature of New York, in lina, a patriot of the Revolution, 1800, and held many other places in and a member of Congress, from the gift of his fellow-citizens, and 1793 to 1795. He also served was a Representative in Congress, many years in the State Legisla BIO G RAPHICAL SKETCaHES. 517 ture, and was twice elected Gover- WILLIAMS, JAMES W. nor of North Carolina, in 1799 and While on his way to Washing1807. He died in Moore County, ton, Decemler 2, 1843, he was of that State. stricken with paralysis, while in his carriage, and survived the attack WILLIAMS, CHRISTOPHER H. but a short time. His age was He was born in Tennessee, and about fifty-five years. He was a was a Representative in Congress, native of Maryland, and was for from that State, from 1837 to 1843, many years a prominent member of and again from 1849 to 1853. the Legislature of that State, being for a time Speaker of the House WILLIAMS, DAVID R. of Delegates. In May, 1841, he was elected to Congress, and conHe was a Representative in Con- tinned a member of that body ungress, from South Carolina, from til the time of his death. As a 1805 to 1809, and again from 1811 faithful public servant, a sagacious to 1813, in which year, he was ap- statesman, and an upright man, he pointed, by President Madison, bricommanded the confidence of his gadier- general. neighbors, and the esteem and respect of all who knew him. WILLIAMS, HENRY. WILLIAMS, JARED. HIe was born in Massachusetts, He was born in Montgomery and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1839 County, Maryland, March 4, 6, gress, from thatState, from1839and died in Frederick County, Virginia, January 2, 1831. In 1811 he was elected to the House of ~W~ILLI~iAMS, JIHEZIEKIAH. Delegates of Virginia, and served He was born in Vermont, gra- a number of years; and he was a duated at Dartmouth College in Representative in Congress, from 1820; and was a Representative in Virginia, from 1819 to 1825. In Congress, from Maine, from 1845 1829 he was a Presidential Elector, to 1849. He died in 1856, aged voting for General Jackson, and fifty-eight years. was appointed, by the Electoral College, to transmit the vote to WILLIAMIS, ISAAC. Washington. When not in public life, he was devoted to the pursuits He was a native of New York, of agriculture. and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1814 WILLIAMS, JARED W. to 1815, and from 1817 to 1819, He was born in New Hampshire. and again from 1823 to 1825. and was a Representative in Con 518 BIoGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. gress, from that State, from 1837 to | qualities and his long service, he 1841; and a Senator from 1847 to was known as the "Father of the 1849. House." He died in Washington, while representing his State in ConWILLIAMS, JOHN. gress, February 23, 1842, aged He was a member of the New nearly sixty years. York Senate, from 1777 to 1779, and from 1783 to 1795, from Wash- WILLIAMS, MARMADUKE. ington County; of the Assembly, April 6 1772 in Caswell from 1781 to 1782; and a Repre- County, North Carolina; he was a County, North Carolina; he was a sentative in Congress, from New sentative in Congress, from New lawyer by profession, and served as York, from 1795 to 1799. a Representative in Congress, from his native State, from 1803 to 1809. WILLIAMS, JOHN. In 1810 he removed, with his family, He was a Senator in Congress, to Madison County, Alabama, and from Tennessee, from 1815 to 1823, thence to Tuscaloosa, in 1818. He and was highly respected for his was repeatedly elected to the Legistalents and character. He died at lature, and was a delegate, from TusKnoxville, August 7, 1837. caloosa County, to the Convention which formed the State Constitution. Was a candidate for GoverWILLIAMS, JOSEPH L. nor, but defeated by William W. He was born in Tennessee, and Bibb. In 1826 was appointed a was a Representative in Congress, Commissioner to adjust the unsetfrom that State, from 1837 to 1843. tled accounts between Alabama and Mississippi, growing out of their WILLIAMS, LEMUEL. territorial relationship. In 1832 was elected Judge of the County He was a Representative in Con- Court, which office he held until gress, from Massachusetts, from April, 1842, when he resigned, 1799 to 1805. having attained the age of seventy, which the Constitution declares a WILLIAMS, LEWIS. disqualification for the bench. He Born in Surry County, North died in Tuscaloosa, October 29, Carolina; graduated at the Uni- 1850. versity of North Carolina, in 1808;, WILLIAMS, NATHAN. entered the House of Commons, of his native State, in 1813, was re- He was born in New York; elected in 1814; and was a Repre- served in the State Assembly, from sentative in Congress, from 1815 to Onondaga, in 1816, 1817, and 1818, 1842, where, for his many good and was a Representative in Con BIOG RAP H I CAL SKETCHES. 519 gress, from New York, from 1805 to at Litchfield; was admitted to the 1807. bar in Windham County, in 1799, WILLIAMS, REUEL. and commenced to practice at Mansfield, whence he removed to HartBorn in iallowell, (now Angus- ford in 1803. In 1809 he was apta,) Maine, June 2, 1783; had an pointed attorney of the Board of academic education, and is a lawyer Managers of the School Fund. He by profession. He was a Repre- represented the town of Hartford sentative and Senator in the Legis- in the General Assembly for seven lature, and a Senator in Congress, terms, from 1813 to 1829; and was from 1837 to 1843. He received a Representative in Confrom Bowdoin College the degree gress, from Connecticut, from 1817 of LL.D., and is a Trustee of that to 1819. In 1829 he was appointed institution. an Associate Judge of the Supreme WILLIAMS, ROBERT. Court of Errors, and'in 1834 was appointed Chief Justice; and in He was distinguished for his atthe same year he received the degree of LL.D. from Yale College. of North Carolina during the revoHe was Mayor of the City of Hartlutionary war; and a Represen- from 1831 to 1835. In 184 tative in Congress, from 17191 to tatie iChe resigned his position as Chief 1803, and was appointed CommisJustice, his term having expired by sioner of Land Titles in Missouri. constitutional limitation. He is now Territory. He emigrated to Ten- O i. living in retirement at Hartford. nessee toward the close of his life, and there died. WILLIAMS, THOMAS W. WILLIAMS, SHERROD. Born in Stonington, Connecticut, September 28, 1790; was educated He was born in Kentucky, and at Plainfield and Stonington Acadewas a Representative in Congress, mies; received a commercial educafrom that State, from 1835 to 1841. tion in New York City, and has WILLIAMS, THOMAS H.. been engaged in mercantile business at New London, Connecticut, since e was a Senator in Congress, 1809. He was a Representative in from Mississippi, from 1817 to 1831, Congress, from 1839 to 1843; a and againduring the years 183 member of the Legislature in 1846, and 1839........ and chosen Presidential Elector in WILLIAMS, THOMAS SCOTT. 1848. Born at Wethersfield, Connecti- WILLIAMSON, HUGH. cut, June 26, 1777; graduated at Born in Pennsylvania, December Yale College in 1794; studied law 5, 1735, and died suddenly, May 520 BIO GRAPHICAL S KETC H E S. 22, 1819. He graduated at the tor in the Maine Legislature; a University of Pennsylvania in 1757; member of Congress from 1821 to studied divinity, and preached two 1823; and a Judge of Probate for years; in 1760 was appointed Pro- several years. He was the author, fessor of Mathematics in the Uni- also, of a History of Maine. Died versity of Pennsylvania; resigned at Bangor, May 27, 1846. in 1764, and went to Edinburgh to study medicine; on his return, in WILLIS, FRANCIS. 1772, settled to practice his profesHe was born in Frederick Counsion in Philadelphia; he again visited Europe andhty, Virginia, January 5, 1825; resited Europe, and had much to do with matters connected with the ceived a good education; and, rewith matters connected with the... moving to Georgia in 1784, he was Revolution; he subsequently ena Representative in Congress, from gaged in commercial pursuits, and that State, firom 17191 to 1793. In an accident took him to Edenton, North Carolina. With that State 1811 he took up his residence in Tennessee, and led the life of a rehe was long and honorably identified. Hie served a number of years tired gentleman. He died in Maury fied. He served a number of years County, Tennessee, January 25, in the House of Commons; also for County, Tennessee, January 25, 1829. three years in the Continental Congress; was a Delegate to the ConWILLOUGHBY, WESTEL. vention which formed the Constitution of the United States; and was He was a Representative in Cona Representative in Congress, from gress, from New York, from 1816 1790 to 1793. In 1811 he publish- to 1817. ed a work on the climate of AmeWILMOT, DAVID. rica, in 1812 a History of North Carolina; and he was associated Born at Bethany, Wayne Counwith De Witt Clinton, in 1814, in ty, Pennsylvania, January 20, 1814. forming the Literary and Philoso- He was educated at Bethany Acaphical Society of New York. He demy, and at Aurora, Cayuga enjoyed the respect of all who knew County, New York; read law, and him, and died universally lamented. was admitted to the bar in 1834; he was a member of Congress, from 1845 to 1851; and subsequently WILLIAMSON, WILLIAM D. President Judge of the Thirteenth Born in 1780; studied and adopt- Judicial District of Pennsylvania, ed the law as a profession, coin- which position he resigned, but to mencing practice, in 1807, at Ban- which he was re-elected. Ile regor; he was for several years in the sides at Towanda, Pennsylvania. Senate of Massachusetts,'before the He was the author of a slavery separation of Maine; also a Sena- proviso which caused some excite B IOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 521 ment in Congress when he was a body; and was elected to the Unimember. ted States Senate in 1855, where he still remains. From 1842 to 1853 WILSON, ALEXANDER. he took a great interest in the miliHe was a Representative in Con- tary affairs of the State, and from a gress, from Virginia, from 1804 to major waspromoted to a brigadier1809. general; and he was also a delegate to the Whig Convention of 1848, TWIILSON, ]E. C. and to the Free-Soil National ConHe was a native of Virginia, and vention at Pittsburg, in 1852. He was a Representative in Congress, has recently been re-elected to the from that State, from 1833 to 1835. United States Senate. WILSON, E. K. WILSON, ISAAC. He graduated at Princeton Col- During the war of 1812 he comlege in 1789, and was a Represen- manded a company of cavalry, and tative in Congress, from Maryland, was in some of the severest actions from 1827 to 1831. onil the Northern frontier. He Was subsequently elected a member of WILSON, HENRY. the Assembly of New York, and also of the Senate. H:e was electHe was born in Pennsylvania, and was a'Representative in Con- ed a Representative in Congress, g~ress, frolm that State, from 1823 in 1823, and at the end of his term to 1826. was appointed first Judge of Genesee County, and held it until his WILSON, HENRY. removal to Batavia, Illinois, where he died October 25, 1848. Born in Farmington, New Hampshire, February 16, 1812; was WILSON, JAMES. brought up a farmer; went to Boston when twenty-two years of age, Born in 1757; graduated at Haryard University in 1789; was a and learned to make shoes; at the ard University in 189; was a age of twenty-four years attended lawyer by profession; and a Represeveral leading academies in New sentative in Congress, from New Hampshire; commenced business at Hampshire, from 1809 to 1811. Natick, as a shoe manufacturer, in He died at Keene, New Hampshire, 1838; served eight years in the two January 4, 1839. branches of the Massachusetts Legislature, twice President of the WILSON, JAMES. Senate; in 1853 was a member of He was a native of Pennsylvania, the Constitutional Convention, and and-a Representative in Congress, part of the time President of that from that State, from 1823 to 1828. 522 BIOGRAPHrICAL SKETCHES. WILSON, JAMES. WILSON, JOHN. He was born in New Hampshire, He was a native of South Caroand was a Representative in Con- lina, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 gress, from that State, from 1821 to to 1849. 1827. WILSON, JAMES. WILSON, NATHAN. He was a Representative in ConHe was born in Crawfordsville, i gress, from New York, from 1808 Montgomery County, Indiana, 1809 April 9, 1852; graduated at Wabash College in 1842; was admitted THOMAS. to the bar in 1845; went to Mexico in 1846 as a private in the Indiana He was a Representative in ConRegiment, and before his return gress, from Virginia, from 1811 to home was promoted to the office of 1813. quartermaster; and was elected a Representative from Indiana to the WILSON, THOM Thirty-fifth Congress, and is a He was a Representative in Conmember of the Committee on Elec- gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1813 tions. He has also been re-elected to 1817. to the Thirty-sixth Congress. WILSON, WILLIAM. WILSON, JAMES J. He was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1814 He was a Senator in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1815 to to 1819. 1821, when he was appointed Post- WILSON, WILLIAM. master at Trenton, New Jersey. He died July 28, 1824. He was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1823 to 1827. WILSON, JOHN. WING, AUSTIN E. He was born in 1777; graduated at Harvard University in 1799; He was born in New York; was studied law, and attained a high po- a Delgate to Congress, from the sition in his profession; and was a Territory of Michigan, in 1832; Representative in Congress, from resided at Monroe, and was for Massachusetts, from 1813 to 1815, many years a leading man in all its and from 1817 to 1819. Iie died local affairs. He died at Cleveat Belfast, Maine, July 9, 1848. land, Ohio, August 25, 1849. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 523 WINGATE, J. F. WINSLOW, WARREN. He was born in Massachusetts, He was born in Fayetteville, and was a Representative in Con- North Carolina, January 1, 1810; gress, from Maine, from 1827 to entered Chapel Hill University, and 1831. graduated in 1827; having studied law, was soon afterwards admitted to the bar. In 1854 he was appointed, by President Pierce, a conHe was born at Amesbury, Mas- fidential agent to Madrid, on busisachusetts, May 14, 1739; gra- ness connected with the Black duated at Harvard University in Warrior affair; during his absence 1759; ordained as a Congrega- abroad he was nominated for the tional minister at Hampton Falls, Senate of North Carolina, was New Hampshire, in 1763; and elected a member thereof, and placed afterwards removed to Stratham, in the chair of Speaker; while in and engaged in agricultural pur- that position, Governor Reid was suits. He was appointed a mem- elected to the United States Senate, her of Congress under the Con- and the duties of Governor devolved federation in 1787; after the adop- upon and were performed by Mr. tion of the Constitution, he was Winslow. He was elected, in 1855, elected a member of the United to the Thirty-fourth Congress, servStates Senate, in 1789, and served on the Committee on Naval Affairs; till 1793, when he was elected a and was re-elected to the ThirtyRepresentativeinCongress,inl 1793, fifth Congress, and is a member of serving until 1795. In 1798 he the Committees on Naval Affairs was appointed a Judge of the Su- and on the Library. He was ofperior Court of New Hampshire, fered, by President Buchanan, the and continued in office till May, mission to Sardinia, but declined. 1809, when he attained the age of seventy. He survived all others WINSTON JOSEPH. who were members of the United States Senate at the time of his Born in Virginia, in 1746. In taking his seat in that body upon its 1760 joined a company of rangers, first organization; and he was for and marched to the frontier of the some years the oldest graduate of State; in a battle on the Greenhis college. He was a man of brier, was twice wounded, and had talents and extensive information; a horse killed under him; had a highly esteemed and respected for pension granted to him by the Lehis character, and his honorable and gislature, for his gallantry in battle; useful life. He died at Stratham, in 1766 removed to lNorth CaroNew Hampshire, March 7, 1838. lina; took an active part in the 524 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Revolution; raised a regiment, and Scott; and is President of the Hismarched against the Cherokee In- torical Society of Massachusetts, dians; was appointed a major in and other literary and charitable 1776, and had various actions with associations; also President of the the forces of the Tories; commanded Commissioners chosen by the City the right wing of the American of Boston for building a Public troops in the battle of King's Moun- Library. He delivered the Inaugutain, and for his bravery had a sword ral of the Franklin Statue in 1856, voted to him by the Legislature; and also that of the Washington was elected to Congress in 1793, Monument in 1848. and again in 1803, and served till 18sO. WISE, HENRY A. Born December 3, 1806, in WINTER, ELISHA J. Drumnmond Town, Accomac CounHe was a Representative in Con- ty, Virginia; graduated at Washgress, from New York, from 1813 ington College, Pennsylvania, at to 1815. the age of nineteen; studied law, and was admitted to the bar at WINTHROP, ROBERT C. Winchester, Virginia, in 1828; the same year removed to Nashville, Born in Boston, Massachusetts, Tennessee, and practiced his proMay 12, 1809; graduated at Har- fession for two years, when, from vyard College in 1828; and studied local attachment, he returned to law with Daniel Webster. He Accomac, and became a Represenentered the Legislature of Massa- tative in Congress, serving from chusetts in 1835, and was Speaker 1833 to 1843, when he resigned his of the House from 1838 to 1840; seat for the mission to Brazil, which was a member of the United States post he occupied until the fall of House of Representatives, from 1847. In 1848 he was one of the 1840 to 1842, when he resigned on Presidential Electors for Virginia. account of domestic circumstances, In 1850 he was a member of the but was re-elected the same year, Reform Convention of Virginia, and continued in that body until which adopted the present Consti1850, having been Speaker during tution of the State. In 1852 he the session commencing in 1847. was again Presidential Elector; IHe was appointed to the Senate of and in 1855 was elected Governor the United States to fill the va- of Virginia, which office he now cancy occasioned by the resignation holds. of Mr. Webster, and served from 1850 to 1851. He was President WITIERELL, JAMES. of the Electoral College of Massa- He was a Representative in Conchusetts which voted for General gress, from Vermont, during the BIO GRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 525 years 1807 and 1808, and was in State, from 1813 to 1815. He died the latter year appointed Federal at Belfast, Maine, November, 1834, Judge in Michigan Territory. aged sixty-two years. WOOD, AM-OS E. WITHERSPOON, ROBERT. Born in Jefferson County, New H3e was a Representative in Con-s York, in 1800; he removed with gress, from South Carolina, from 1809 to 18110 his father, in 1812, to Portage County, Ohio. In 1833 he settled permanently in Woodville, SandusWITTE, WILLTAiM H. ky County; he twice represented He was born in New Jersey, and his district in the lower branch of having settled in Pennsylvania, was the Legislature, and once for a term elected a Representative in Con- of two years, in the State Senate; gress, from 1853 to 1855. and was elected a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1850 WOLF, GEORGE. to 1852. He died in Fort WTayvne, Indiana, November 19, 1850. He was born in Allen Township,, Northampton County, Pennsylva- WTOOD, BRADFORD R. nia, August 12, 1777. After pur-.~a, August 12' 1777. After pur- He was born in Connecticut and suing a course of classical education in his own county, he studied law was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1845 to became eminent, and engaged in a 1847. lucrative practice. In 1814 he was elected a member of the Legislature of his native State; and he was a Born in Philadelphia in 1812, Representative in Congress, from and from the humble employment Pennsylvania, from 1824 to 1829; of a cigar-maker, he rose to the poGovernor of that State from 1829 sition of clerk in a counting-house, to 1835; in 1836 was appointed and was for many years a shipFirst Comptroller of the United owner and successful merchant in States Treasury; and, subsequently, New York. IHe was a RepresenCollector of Customs for Philadel- tative in Congress, from 1841 to phia, in which city he died of an 1843, and in 1854 was elected affection of the heart, March 14, Mayor of the City of New York, 1840. and re-elected. WOOD, ABIEL. WOOD, JOHN J. He was a distinguished merchant Hie was a Representative in Conof XWiscasset, Massachusetts, and a gress, from New York, from 1827 member of Congress, from that to 1829. 526 BI O G RAPICa L S IE E T C H E S. 5VOOD, JOHN M. and during the same period he was He was born in Minlnisilnk, also a member of the State Senate. Ortange County, New Yorkli, INo- In 1814 he received, from President vember 17, 181a; received a good Madison, unexpectedly, the apcommon school education; was a pointment of Secretary of the Termember of the Legislature of ~Maine; ritory of Michigan, and removed to and has for years been occupied as Detroit; and in 1819 he was electa constructor of railroads and other ed the first Delegate, from Michipublic works. He was elected, in gan, to Congress, where he was 1854, aiRepresentative, from Maine, very active in promoting the interin the Thirty-fourth Congress; was ests of his constituents. In 1828 re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Con- he was appointed Judge of the Sugress; and is a member of the Coin- preme Court of Michigan Territory, mittee on Post-offices and Post- and held the office four years; in roads. 1835 he was a member of the Convention called to form a State ConWOOD, SILAS. stitution; in 1837 he was elected to He was born in Suffolk County, the State Senate of Michigan; in New York; graduated at Princeton 1839 he was chosen Governor of the College in 1789; was the author of State; and he was a Senator in a History of Long Island; and was Congress, from 1841 to 1847. He a Representative in Congress, from was a working member on many New~iv York, from 1819 to 1829. important committees, and his reHe died at Huntington, Suffolk ports and speeches were numerous; County, Long Island, March 2, and Daniel Webster, in a note to 1847, aged seventy-eight years. his speech in defence of the Ashburton Treaty, attributed to Mr. Woodbridge the first suggestion WOODBRIDGE, WILLIAM. that was ever made to him for inBorn in Norwich, Connecticut, serting in that treaty a provision August 20, 1780; and his father for the surrender of fugitives, under becoming one of the earliest emi- certain circumstances, upon the degrants to the Northwest Territory, mand of foreign governments. Of he removed to Marietta in 1791. late years he has lived in retireHe received his earliest education ment at Detroit. in Connecticut; studied law at Litchfield, Connecticut, and was admitted to the bar, in Ohio, in 1806. In 1807 he was elected to Born in Francestown,New Hampthe Assembly of Ohio; in 1808 was shire, December 22, 1789. HIe graProsecuting Attorney for his coun- duated at Dartmouth College in ty, which office he held until 1814, 1809; attended the Law School at BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 527 Litchfield; continued to study law WOODRUFF, JOHN. in Boston, Exeter, and Frances- le was born in Hartford, Contown, and entered upon the practice necticut, in 1826; is a clock-maker in 1812, in which he was successful. in,~~~~ ~by occupation; has been in the ConIn 1816 he was appointed Judge necticut Legislature, and was a of the Superior Court of New member of the Thirty-fourth ConHampshire, and in 1819 settled in gress. Portsmouth. In 1823 he was elected Governor of New Hampshire; WOODRUFF, THOMAS M. was Speaker of the State House of He was a resident of New York Representatives, in 1825; was a City, a furniture dealer by occupaSenator in Congress, from 1825 to tion, a member of Congress, from 1831; was appointed Secretary of, 1845 to 1847, and died some time the Navy, by President Jackson, in 1831; was transferred to the Trea- ago. sury Department, as Secretary, in WOODS, HENRY. 1834, by President Van Buren, and' He was a Representative in Conserved until 1841; he was again a gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1790 Senator in Congress, from 1841 to 1845, when he was appointed, by President Polk, a Justice of the WOODS, JOHN. Supreme Court of the United He was a Representative in ConStates. He was also tendered the gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1815 appointment of Minister to Eng- t land, but declined it. He died at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, Sep- WOODS, JOHN. tember 7, 1851. He received the He was a native of Dauphin degree of LL.D. from Dartmouth County, Pennsylvania, in 1794, and College and the Wesleyan Univer- removed with his father to Ohio in sity of Connecticut, and was a mem- his infancy. He wasadmittedtothe ber of various literary societies bar in 1819, settled in Hamilton County, and at once took a high WTOODCOCK, DAVID. stand in his profession. In 1824 he was elected to Congress, and He was a member of the New served two terms. In 1829 he beYork Assembly, from Seneca Coun- came the editor and publisher of the ty, in 1814 and 1815, and from Hamilton Intelligencer, and so conTompkins County, in 1826; and tinued until 1832, when he returned a Representative in Congress, from to his profession, which he successNew York, from 1821 to 1823, and fully practiced until 1845, when he again from 1827 to 1829. was elected Auditor of the State, 528 B I O GRAPHICAL S K E T C H E S. which office he held for two terms. WOODWARD, WILLIAM. Wrhile Auditor, he did much to While Auditor, he did much to He was a Representative in Conpreserve the credit of the State. gress, from South Carolina, firom He died in Hamilton, Ohio, July 1815 to 1817. 30, 1855. WOODS, WILLIAM. WOODWORTH, JAMES H. He was a Representative in Con- HIe was born December 4, 1804, gress, from New York, from 1823 in Greenwich, Washington County, to 1825, and a member of the State New York. IHe lived on a farm Assembly, from Steuben County, in until twenty-one years of age; re1828. ceived a limited education at the schools in the vicinity, and removed WOODSON, SAMUEL B. to Fabius, Onondaga County, New York; taught a village school for a Born in Jessamine County, KenJe, K- few months, and then engaged in tucy, October 24, 1815; grau- mercantile business. In 1827 he ated at Centre College, and became t ~) Twent to Erie County, Pennsylvania, a lawyer by profession. He was a residing there four years, and remember of the Constitutional Conmoved to Chicago, Illinois, in 1833. vention of Missouri, in 1855; and a In 1839 he was elected to the State In 1839 he was elected to the State member of the Missouri General Senate, and in 1842 was a member Assembly, in 1853 and 1854; and, of the Lower House. From 1845 was elected a Representative to the to 1850 he was connected with the Thirty-fifth Congress, from that city government of Chicago, being State, serving as a member of the Committee on Indian Affairs. He two years mayor. e was epresentative, from Illinois, to the has been re-elected to the Thirty- Congress. Thirty-fourth Congress. sixth Congress. WOODSON, SAMUEL H. WOODWORTH, WILLIAM VW. H[e was a Representative in Con- He was born in Connecticut, and gress, from Kentucky, from 1820 to was a Representative in Congress, 1823. from New York, from 1845 to 1847. WOODWARD, JOSEPH A. WORD, THOMlIAS J. Ile was born in South Carolina, and was a Representative in Con- He was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to gress, from Mississippi, from 1838 1847. to 1839. BIOGtRAPHICAL S KETCHESo 529 WORMON, LUDWIG. ment from that office, he was appointed a member of the first He was a Representative in Con- Boasd of Canal Commissioners gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1820 to 1822. in which capacity he served until 1820 to 1822 his death, which occurred in 1827. WORTENDYKE, J. R. WORTHINGTON, THOMAS C. Born at Chesnut Ridge, in the Township of Harrington, Bergen He was born in Maryland, and County, New Jersey, November 27, was a Representative in Congress, 1818; graduated at Rutgers's Col- from that State, from 1825 to 1827. lege, in 1839; and was for several years teacher of the classics and UWRIGHT, AUGUSTUS It. mathematics. He commenced the study of law in 1849, and was ad- at Wrightsborough, Comitted to the bar in 1852; was Al- lumbia County, Georgia, June 16, derman of Jersey City, where he 1813; correnced his education at practiced law; and was elected a a grammar school; afterwards enREepresentative in the Thirty-fifth tered Franklin College, but left in Congress, firom NSew Jersey, serving the latter part of the junior year, on the Committee of Public Ex- without graduating. e is a Xpenditurres. lawyer by profession; and at the age of twenty-nine was elected Circuit Judge; he resigned before the WORTHINGTON, J. T. H. ORT TON, J. T. H. expiration of the second term, and He was born in Maryland, and was elected a Representative, from was a Representative in Congress, Georgia, to the Thirty-fourth Confrom that State, from 1831 to 1833, gress, and re-elected to the Thirtyand again from 183' to 1841. fifth, serving as a member of the Committee on the District of Columbia. WORTHINGTON, THOMAS. HIe was born in Jefferson County, WRIGHT, DANIEL B. Virginia, about 1769; emigrated to He was born in Tennessee, and Ohio, and settled in Ross County, was a Representative in Congress, was a Representative in Congress, in 1798. In 1803 he was a memfrom Mississippi, from 1853 to ber of the State Constitutional from Mississippi, from 1853 to Convention. He was a Senator in Congress, from Ohio, from 1803 to 1807, and againfrom 1810 to 1814; and from 1814 to 1818, he was Go- He was born in Concord, Massavernor of Ohio. After his retire- chusetts, June 4, 1817; spent seven 34 530 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. years on a farm; settled in Boston, WRIGHT, ROBERT. as a merchant, in 1822; was con- He was a Senator in Congress, nected with the Boston Cozurier from Maryland, from 1801 to 1806; for two years, from 1837, after at one time member of the State which he settled in Nantucket, in Executive Council; was Governor the whaling business; went to Cali- of Maryland, from 1806 to 1809; a fornia in 1849; and was a Repre- Representative in Congress, from sentative in Congress, from that Maryland, from 1810 to 1817; reState, during the years 1850 and elected for the term from 1821 to 1851. 1823; and died September 7, 1826. WRIGHT, HENDRICK B. WRIGHT, SAMUEL G. He was a native of Pennsylvania, Born in 1787, and at the time of and a Representative in Congress, his death, was a member elect of from that State, from 1853 to 1855. Congress, from New Jersey. Died near Allentown, New Jersey, July WRIGHT, JOHN C. 30, 1845. He was a Representative in Con- WRIGHT, SILAS. gress, from Ohio, from 1823 to 1829. Was born at Amherst, Massachusetts, May 24, 1795. He workWRIGHT, JOHN W. ed upon his father's farm, in Born in McNairy County, Ten- Vermont, in the summer, and attended school in the winter. He nessee, June 28, 1828; is a lawyer prepared for and entered college in by profession; was elected a Repre- entered college in sentative to the Thirty-fourth and Angust, 1811, and graduated at Middlebury College in 1815. He Thirty-fifth Congresses, from his na- Middlebury College in 1815. He tive State; and is a member of the read law in Washington County, Committees on -Revolutionary Pen- New York, teaching school one or sions and Expenditures in the ~W~ar two winters to aid in defraying his own expenses. In 1819 he settled, in the practice of the law, at Canton, St. Lawrence County, New York, WRIGHT, JOSEPH A. WRIGHT, JOSEPH A. where he continued his residence He was born in Pennsylvania, and, until his death. He was soon made having settled in Indiana, was elect- a magistrate and postmaster of his ed a Representative in Congress, town, and surrogate of his county. from that State, from 1843 to 1845; He early raised a uniformed militia and in 1857 he was appointed, by rifle company, of which he was President Buchanan, Minister to unanimously chosen captain, from Prussia. which position he rose to be colonel BIOGRAPHICAL S KETCOHES. 531 of a rifle regiment, and became a a seat upon the bench of the Subrigadier-general of infantry, in preme Court, which he declined. 1827. IHe was elected to the State By other Presidents he was offered Senate in November, 1823, and seats in their cabinets and missions served until March 4, 1827, when abroad, all of which he refused. he resigned that office, having been His last labor for the public was the elected to Congress in November, preparation of an address for the 1826. He took his seat in Congress State Agricultural Society, which in December, 1827. He was re- having been finished, was read to elected in November, 1828. Having that body, a short time after his been elected State Comptroller, death, by his friend General Dix. January 27, 1829, he resigned his He appeared twice in the Supreme seat in Congress, before serving out Court of the United States to argue this term. While in Congress, he cases of high importance, and served as a member of the Commit- established in that tribunal a high tee on Manufactures, and took an reputation as a lawyer. active part in the tariff investigations and discussions of 1828. He WRIGHT, WILLIAM. served as Comptroller from the He was born in New York, and time of his election until he was having removed to New Jersey chosen United States Senator, in was a Representative in Congress, the early part of January, 1833, from that State, from 1843 to 1847; when he immediately took his seat and in 1853 was elected a Senator in that body. He was re-elected in Congress for the term ending in in February, 1837, and again in 1859. He is Chairman of the February, 1843, and continued to Committee on Engrossed Bills, and serve until December, 1844, when of that on the Contingent Expenses he resigned. In November, 1844, of the Senate. he was elected Governor of New York, and entered upon his duties WURTZ, JOHN. January 1, 1845. In 1846 he reHe graduated at Princeton Coltired to private life, devoting himlege in 1813, and was a Represenself to the cultivation of his farm, tative in Congress, from Pennsyland enjoying the society of his early from friends and neighbors. On August 27, 1847, he died suddenly, at his residence in Canton. While in theOOP, HENR United States Senate, he served He was a Delegate to the Contimost of his time on the Committee nental Congress, from 1779 to 1783, of Finance, and introduced the first and a Representative in Congress, Sub-Treasury bill, which became a from Pennsylvania, from 1789 to law. President Tyler offered him 1791. 532 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. WYNN, RICHARD. YATES, JOHN B. He was a Representative in Con- IHe was born in New York, and gress, from South Carolina, from was a Representative in Congress, 1793 to 1797, and again from 1802 from New York, from 1815 to 1817, to 1813. and was a member of the Assembly of that State in 1836, from Madison WYNN, THOMAS. County. He was born, lived, and died, in YATES, RICHARD. Hertford County, North Carolina. He was born in Kentucky, and He was a general of militia; a was a Representative in Congress, planter by occupation; served a from Illinois, from 1851 to 1855. number of years in the House of Commons and Senate, and was a YELL, ARCHIBALD. member of Congress, from 1802 to He was born in Tennessee, and re1807-. lmoving to Arkansas, was elected a Representative in Congress, from 1837 to 1839, and was re-elected in He was born in North Carolina, 1845, serving only until 1846. and educated at the University of that State, where he was, for a time, YORKE, THOMAS J. a tutor. His first appearance in He was born in New Jersey, and public life was as a member of Con- was a Representative in Congress, gress, in 1813, where he served four from that State, from 1837 to 1839, years; he served for many years in and again from 1841 to 1843. the State Legislature, and frequently as Speaker of the House; and his YOST, JACOB S. position as a lawyer was unsurpass- He was born in Pennsylvania, ed. He died in 1828. and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 YANCY, JOEL. to 1847. He was a Representative in Con- YOUNG, AUGUSTUS. gress, from Kentucky, from 1827 to 1831. He was born in Arlington, Ver1831. mont, March 20, 1785, and was adYANCY, WILLIAM L. mitted to the bar in St. Albans in 1810; he commenced to practice at He was born in South Carolina, Stowe, and in about eighteen and, removing to Alabama, was a months removed to Craftsbury, Representative in Congress, from which town he represented in the that State, from 1844 to 1847. General Assembly during eight ses BIO GRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 533 sions. He was four years States moved with his father to LivingAttorney for Orleans County, and ston County, New York, and reJudge of Probate in 1830. In ceived a common school education 1836 he was chosen State Senator, at Conesus; studied law, and was and was twice re-elected. He was admitted to the bar in 1829; was a Representative in Congress, from in the State Legislature in 1831, Vermont, from 1841 to 1843, and 1844, and 1845; was a Represendeclined a re-election. In 1847 he tative in Congress, from New York, removed to St. Albans, and was from 1841 to 1843; Governor of for several years Judge of Franklin the State, from 1847 to 1849.; and County Court. He subsequently Assistant Treasurer of the United devoted himself to literary and States, in New York City, at the scientific pursuits, and being a time of his death, which occurred learned geologist and mineralogist, April 23, 1852. was appointed, in 1856, State Naturalist. He died at St. Albans, YOUNG, RICHARD M. June 17, 1857. He was highly He was a Senator in Congress, popular, possessed great talents, from Illinois, from 1831 to 1843. and his scientific books and tracts indicate that he was a great matheYOUNG, TIMOTHY R. matician and a profound reasoner. He was born in New Hampshire; YOUNG, BRYAN R. graduated at Bowdoin College in He was born in Kentucky, and 1835; and was a Representative in was a Representative in Congress, Congress, from Illinois, from 1849 from that State, from 1845 to 1847. to 1851. YOUNG, EBENEZER. YOUNG, WILLIAM F. Born in Killingly, Connecticut, He was a Representative in Conin 1184, and graduated at Yale gress, from Kentucky, from 1825 to College in 1806. In 1823 he was 1821. elected to the State Senate, and YULEE, DAVID L. twice re-elected; he was also two He was born in the West Indies, years Speaker of the House, and in 1811, but when quite young was was a Representative in Congress, removed to Virginia, where he refrom 1829 to 1835. He died at ceived the rudiments of a classical West Killingly, August 18, 1851. education. He emigrated to Florida in 1824, and though he studied YOUNG, JOHN. ) law, he divided his time between He was born in Vermont in the practice of his profession and 1802; when quite a boy he re- the pursuits of agriculture. He 534 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH E S. was a Delegate to Congress, from Paris, Tennessee. In 1834 he was the Territory of Florida, from 1841 editor and publisher of the Columto 1845, a delegate to the Conven- bian Observer, in the same State; tion which formed the State Con- in 1835 he was elected State prinstitution, and was elected a Senator ter, and re-elected in 1837; in 1842 in Congress, in 1845, where he still he removed to Nashville, and edited continues, officiating as Chairman the Banner; in 1843 he was electof the Committee on Post-offices ed Comptroller of the State Treaand Post-roads. He is also Presi- sury, and was re-elected in 1845 dent of the Atlantic and Gulf Rail- and 1847; in 1849 was elected to road in Florida. the State Senate; in 1850 was a contractor for building the Suspension Bridge, at Nashville; in 1851 ZOLLICOFFER, FELIX K. and 1852, again edited the NashBorn in Mowry County, Tennes- ville Banner, and was elected a see, May 19, 1812, and received an Representative in Congress, from academical education. He served Tennessee, in 1853, where he has for a few months in a printing- continued to the present time; and office, and in 1829 took upon himself is a member of the Committee on the management of a newspaper at Territories. SPECIAL NOTICE. THE AUTHOR embraces the present opportunity of acknowledging his obligations to the following gentlemen, who have favored him with much valuable assistance in this undertaking, viz.: William Willis, Esq., of Maine; Ben Perley Poore, Esq., of Massachusetts; George F. Houghton, Esq., of Vermont; Gideon J. Tucker, Esq., of New York; Hon. James Parker, of New Jersey; A. L. Ashley, Esq., of Kentucky; and Col. Peter Force, George J. Abbot, Esq., Yelverton P. Page, Esq., Daniel Buck, Esq., William Hickey, Esq., and John H. Wheeler, Esq., of Washington City; and while thanking them for their kindness, he takes the liberty of adding, that he would be glad to receive from ex-members of Congress, and from the friends of deceased members, any information they may be pleased to communicate, calculated to make his work more correct and complete, in the subsequent editions that may be published. Address, CHARLES LANMAN, GEORGETOWN, District of Colznmbia. e APPENDIX, SUCCESSIVE SESSIONS OF CONGRESS. STATEMENT Showing the Commencemnent and Termination of each Session of Congress, held under the Present Constitution, with the N2umber of -Days in each. *7~6 From To Mhere held. { 1 March 4,S1789 Sept. 29, 1789 13 210 New York. 1 q 2 January 4, 1790 August 12, 1790 14 221 do. 3 Dec. 6, 1790 March 3, 1791 15 88 Philadelphia. 2 f 1 Oct. 24, 1791 May 8, 1792 16 197 do. 2 Nov. 5, 1792 March 2,1793 17 119 do. 3 f 1 Dec. 2, 1793 June 9, 1794 18 190 do. X 2 Nov. 3, 1794 March 3, 1795 19 121 do. 4 1 Dec. 7, 1795 June 1, 1796 20 177 do. l 2 Dec. 5, 1796 March 3, 1797 21 89 do. I May 15, 1797 July 10, 1797 21 57 do. 5 2 Nov. 13, 1797 July 16, 1798 22 246 do. 3 Dec. 3, 1798 March 3, 1799 23 91 do. 6 1 Dec. 2, 1799 May 14, 1800 24 164 do. 1 2 Nov. 17, 1800 March 3, 1801 25 107 Washington. 7f 1 Dec. 7, 1801 May 3, 1802 26 148 do. 2 Dec. 6, 1802 March 8, 1803 27 88 do. 8 1 Oct. 17, 1803 March 27, 1804 28 163 do. 2 Nov. 5, 1804 March 3, 1805 29 119 do. 9f 1 Dec. 2, 1805 April 21, 1806 30 141 do. 2 Dec. 1, 1806 March 3, 1807 31 93 do. 10 ( 1 Oct. 26, 1807 April 25, 1808 32 182 do. 2 Nov. 7, 1808 March 3, 1809 33 117 do. f 1 May 22, 1809 June 28, 1809 83 38 do. 11 2 Nov. 27, 1809 May 1, 1810 34 156 do. 3 Dec. 3, 1810 March 3, 1811 35 91 do. 12 f 1 Nov. 4, 1811 July 6, 1812 36 245 do. l 2 Nov. 2, 1812 March 3, 1813 37 122 do. 4 APPENDIX. Statement of the Successive Sessions of 6iongress — (Continued.). 0 From 0o. FbX.0 B ~ ~ ~Prom To Where held. 0u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ > T 1 May 24, 1813 August 2, 1813 87 71 Washington. 13 r 2 Dec. 6, 1813 April 18, 1814 38 134 do. 8 Sept. 19, 1814 March 3, 1815 39 166 do. 14 1 1 Dec. 4, 1815 April 30, 1816 40 148 do. 2 Dec. 2, 1816 March 3, 1817 41 92 do. rs J 1 Dec. 1, 1817 April 30, 1818 42 141 do. 2 Nov. 16, 1818 March 3, 1819 43 108 do. 16 ( 1 Dec. 6, 1819 May 15, 1820 44 162 do. 2 Nov. 13, 1820 March 3, 1821 45 111 do. 1 7 1 Dec. 3, 1821 May 8, 1822 46 157 do. 2 Dec. 2, 1822 March 8, 1823 47 92 do. 1 8 1 Dec. 1, 1823 May 27, 1824 48 178 do. 2 Dec. 6, 1824 March 3, 1825 49 88 do. 19( 1 Dec. 5, 1825 May 22, 1826 50 169 do. 2 Dec. 4, 1826 March 3, 1827 51 90 do. 20 ( 1 Dec. 3, 1827 May 26, 1828 52 175 do. \ 2 Dec. 1, 1828 March 3, 1829 53 93 do. 21 ( 1 Dec. 7, 1829 May 31, 1830 54 176 do. 2 Dec. 6, 1830 March 3, 1831 55 88 do. 22 ( 1 Dec. 5, 1831 July 16, 1832 56 225 do. 2 Dec. 3, 1832 March 3, 1833 57 91 do. 23( 1 Dec. 2, 1833 June 30, 1834 58 211 do. 2 Dec. 1, 1834 March 3, 1835 59 93 do. 24 ( 1 Dec. 7, 1835 July 4, 1836 60 211 do. 2 Dec. 5, 1836 March 3, 1837 61 89 do. 1 Sept. 4, 1837 Oct. 16, 1837 62 43 do. 25 i 2 Dec. 4, 1837 July 9, 1838 62 218 do. 3 Dec. 3, 1838 March 3, 1839 63 91 do. 26 1 I Dec. 2, 1839 July 21, 1840 64 233 do. 2 Dec. 7, 1840 March 3, 1841 65 87 do. 1 May 31, 1841 Sept. 13, 1841 65 106 do. 27 i 2 Dec. 6, 1841 August 31, 1842 66 269 do. 3 Dec. 5, 1842 March 3, 1843 67 89 do. 28 J 1 Dec. 4, 1843 June 17, 1844 68 196 do. 2 Dec. 2, 1844 March 3, 1845 69 92 do. 29 f 1 Dec. 1, 1845 August 10, 1846 70 253 do. 2 Dec. 7, 1846 March 3, 1847 71 87 do. 30 J 1 Dec. 6, 1847 August 14, 1848 72 254 do. 2 Dec. 4, 1848 March 3, 1849 73 90 do. 31f 1 I Dec. 3, 1849 Sept. 30, 1850 74 302 do. 2 Dec. 2, 1850 March 3, 1851 75 92 do. 32 f 1 Dec. 1, 1851 August 31, 1852 76 275 do. 2 Dec. 6, 1852 March 3, 1853 77 88 do. 33J 1| Dec. 5, 1853 August 7, 1854 78 246 do. 2 Dec. 4, 1854 March 3, 1855 79 90 do. 1 Dec. 3, 1855 August 18, 1856 80 260 do. 34 A 2 August 21, 1856 August 30, 1856 81 110 do. 3 Dec. 1, 1856 March 3, 1857 81 93 do. I 35 f 1 1 IDec. 7, 1857 June 1, 1858 82 177 do. 2 Dec. 6, 1858 March 3, 1859 83 88 do. APPENDIX. 5 SPEA KERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 1st Congress. F. A. Muhlenberg, Pennsylvania. 2d " Jonathan Trumbull, Connecticut. 3d " F. A. AlMuhlenberg, Pennsylvania. 4th 6" Jonathan Dayton, New Jersey. 5th " f Jonathan Dayton, " " George Dent, Maryland. 6th " Theodore Sedgwick, Massachusetts. 7th "' Nathaniel Macon, North Carolina. 8th' Nathaniel IMacon, 9th "' Nathaniel Macon, 10th'" Joseph B. Varnum, Massachusetts. lth'" Joseph B. Varnum, s 12th' Henry Clay, Kentucky. 1 3th GG f ]Henry Clay, Ist session, 6 Langdon Cheves, 2d'" South Carolina. 14th' Henry Clay, Kentucky. 15th "' Henry Clay, 16th h f Henry Clay, 1st session,'4 John W. Taylor, 2d' New York. 17th " P. P. Barbour, Virginia. l8th' Henry Clay, Kentucky. 19th "' John W. Taylor, New York. 20th'" Andrew Stevenson, Virginia. 21st " Andrew Stevenson, 22d " Andrew Stevenson, 23d I r Andrew Stevenson, Henry Hubbard, New Hampshire. 24th "' John Bell, Tennessee. 25th' James K. Polk, 26th "' James K. Polk, 27th'" R. M. T. Hunter, Virginia. (John White, Kentucky. 28th " John 1W. Jones, Virginia. George W1T. Hopkins,' 29th " John AV. Davis, Indiana. 30th i Robert C. Winthrop, Massachusetts. Armested Burt, South Carolina. 31st 6 Howell Cobb, Georgia. 32d "' Linn Boyd, Kentucky. 33d "C Linn Boyd, sc 34th " Nathaniel P. Banks, Massachusetts. 35th " James L. Orr, South Carolina. 6 ~APPENDIX, PRESIDENTS OF THE SENATE, VICE-PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. Co~zngresses. 1 to 4. John Adams, Massachusetts. 5 and 6. Thomas Jefferson, Virginia. 7 and 8. Aaron Burr, New York. 9 to 12. George Clinton,* j' 13 and 14. Elbridge Gerry,* Massachusetts. 15 to 18. Daniel D. Tompkins, New York. 19 to 22. John C. Calhoun,t South Carolina. 23 and 24. Martin Van Buren, New York. 25 and 26. Richard M. Johnson, Kentucky. 27 John Tyler,j Virginia. 29 and 30. George M. Dallas, Pennsylvania. 31. Millard Fillmore,~ New York. 32. William R. King, Alabama. 33. (Vacant.) 34. (Vacant.) 35. John C. Breckinridge, Kentucky. PRESIDENTS OF THE SENATE-Pro ten. 1st Congress. John Langdon, New Hampshire. 2d " f Richard Henry Lee, Virginia. John Langdon, New Hampshire. 3d Ralph Izard, South Carolina. Henry Tazewell, Virginia. 4th s f Samuel Livermore, New Hampshire. William Bingham, Pennsylvania. (William Brad-ford, Rhode Island. Jacob Read, South Carolina. 5th G G Theodore Sedgwick, Massachusetts. John Lawrence, New York. KJames Ross, Pennsylvania. > Samuel Livermore, Newv ampshire. 6th Uriah Tracy, Connecticut. John E. Howard, Maryland. LJames Hilhouse, Connecticut. * Died in office. t- Resigned December 28, 1832. 1: Became President by death of Harrison. Q Became President by death of Taylor. APPEND I X. 7th Confgress. fAbraham Baldwin, Georgia. th Congre Stephen R. Bradley, Vermont. (John Brown, Kentucky. 8th " Jesse Franklin, North Carolina. Joseph Anderson, Tennessee. 9th 6' {Samuel Smith, Maryland. Samuel Smith, " f Samuel Smith, 10th "~ Stephen lR. Bradley, Vermont. John Milledge, Georgia. ( Andrew Gregg, Pennsylvania. 11th' John Gaillard, South Carolina. John Pope, Kentucky. 12th S William H. Crawford, Georgia. Joseph B. Varnumn, Massachusetts. 13th'" John Gaillard, South Carolina. 14th " John Gaillard, " " 15th 66 f John Gaillard, cc'~ James Barbour, Virginia. 16th 4 > f James Barbour,' John Gaillard, South Carolina. 17th " John Gaillard, 18th' John Gaillard, "'~ 19th'" Nathaniel Macon, North Carolina. 20th "G (Nathaniel Macon, 6' " t Samuel Smith, Maryland. 21st " Samuel Smith, " 22d f J Littleton W. Tazewell, Virginia. Hugh L. White, Tennessee. 23d f George Poindexter, Mississippi. John Tyler, airginia. 24th " William RI. King, Alabama. 25th " William R. King, " 26th W William R. King,' 27th'5 Samuel L. Southard, New Jersey. 28th' Willie P. Mangum, North Carolina. 29th G David R. Atchison, Missouri..30th " David R. Atchison, 31st " William R. King, Alabama. 32d " William R. King, " 33d " David R. Atchison, Missouri. 34th " Jesse D. Bright, Indiana. 35th'" 8 ~A P P END I X. SECRETARIES OF THE SENATE. Names. States.' Time of appoint- Expiration of serment. vice. Samuel Alyne Otis............. Massachusetts.. 8 April, 1789 18 April, 1814 Charles Cutts................... N. Hampshire... 11 Oct. 1814 12 Dec. 1825 Walter Lowrie................... Pennsylvania... 12 Dec. 1825 5 Dec. 1836 Asbury Dickins.................. North Carolina.. 12 Dec. 1836 Present incumbent. CLERKS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENT&TIVES. aNames. States. Time of appoint- Expiration of sermernt. vice. John Beckley.................. Virginia.......... 1 April, 1789 15 May, 1797 Jonathan Williams Condy.... Pennsylvania... 15 May, 1797 9 Dec. 1800 John Holt Oswald.............. Pennsylvania... 9 Dec. 1800 7 Dec. 1801 John Beckley.................. Virginia.......... 7 Dec. 1801 26 Oct. 1807 Patrick Magruder.............. Maryland......... 26 Oct. 1807 28 Jan. 1815 Thomas Dougherty............. Kentucky......... 30 Jan. 1815 8 Dec. 1822 Matthew St. Clair Clarke..... Pennsylvania... 3 Dec. 1822 2 Dec. 1833 Walter S. Franklin............. Pennsylvania... 2 Dec. 1883 20 Sept. 1838 Hugh A. Garland............... Virginia......... 3 Dec. 1838 31 May, 1841 Matthew St. Clair Clarke..... Pennsylvania... 31 May, 1841 6 Dec. 1.843 Caleb J. McNulty.............. Ohio............. G6 Dec. 1843 18 Jan. 1845 Benjamin B. French............ N. Hampshire.... 18 Jan. 1845 7 Dec. 1847 Thomas Jefferson Campbell... Tennessee.. 7 Dec. 1847 13 April, 1850 Richard M. Young.............. Illinois............ 17 April, 1850 1 Dec. 1851 John W. Forney................. Pennsylvania... 1 Dec. 1851 4 Feb. 1356 William Cullom.................. Tennessee........ 4 Feb. 1856 6 Dec. 1858 James C. Allen.................. Illinois............ 6 Dec. 1858 Present incumbent. APPENDIX. 9 SUCCESSIVE ADMINISTRATIONS. FIRST ADMINISTRATION-1789 TO 1797. —EIGHT YEARS. President-GEORGE WASHINGTON, Virginia. Vice-President-Jo HN ADAMS, Massachusetts. Secretaries of State* —Thomas Jefferson, of Virginia, September 26, 1789; Edmund Randolph, of Virginia, January 2, 1794; Timothy Pickering, of Massachusetts, December 10, 1795. Secretaries of the Treasury-Alexander Hamilton, of New York, September 11, 1789; Oliver Wolcott, of Connecticut, February 3, 1795. Secretaries of War and of the Yavyt-IIenry Knox, of Massachusetts, September 12, 1789; Timothy Pickering, of Massachusetts, January 2, 1794; James McHenry, of Maryland, January 27, 1796. Postmasters- reneral —Samuel Osgood, of Mlassachusetts, September 26, 1789; Timothy Pickering, of Massachusetts, November 7, 1791; Joseph Habersham, of Georgia, February 25, 1795. SECOND ADMINISTRATION-1797 TO 1801.-FOUR YEARS. President-JoHN ADAMS, Massachusetts. Vice-President —THoMAS JEFFERSON, Virginia. Secretaries of State —Timothy Pickering, continued in office; John Marshall, of Virginia, May 13, 1800. Secretaries of the Treasury —Oliver Wolcott, continued in office; S. Dexter, of Massachusetts, December 31, 1800. Secretaries of War-James McHenry, continued in office; S. Dexter, of Massachusetts, May 13, 1800; Roger Griswold, of Connecticut, February 3, 1801. Secretaries of the Navy —George Ca bot, of Massachusetts, May 3, 1798, declined; Benjamin Stoddert, of Maryland, May 21, 1798. Postmaster- General —Joseph Habersham, continued. * The Department of State was created by the Act of September 15, 1759, previously to which, by Act of July 27, 1789, it was denominated the Department of Foreign Affairs. t The WVar Department, as created by Act of Congress of August 7, 1759, had also the superintendence of Naval Affairs. A separation took place in April, 1789, when a Navy Department was established. 10 APPENDIX. THIRD ADMINISTRATION- 1801 TO 1809.-EIGHT YEARS. President-THOMAS JEFFERSON, Virginia. Vice-Presidents-AARON BURR, New York; GEORGE CLINTON, New York. Secretary of State-James Madison, of Virginia, lMarch 5, 1801. Secretaries of the Treasury-S. Dexter, continued in office; Albert Gallatin, of Pennsylvania, January 26, 1802. Secretary of War-Henry Dearborn, of Massachusetts, March 4, 1801. Secretaries of the Nacvy —Benjamin Stoddert, continued in office; Robert Smith, of Maryland, January 26, 1802; Jacob Crowninshield, of Massachusetts, March 2, 1805. Postmasters-General —Joseph Habersham, continued in office; Gideon Granger, of Connecticut, January 26, 1802. FOURTH ADMINISTRATION-1809 TO 1817.-EIGTHT YEARS. President-JAMES MADISON, Virginia. Vice-Presidents-GEORGE CLINTON, New York; ]ELBRIDGE GERRY, Massachusetts. Secretaries of State — Robert Smith, of Maryland, March 6, 1809; James Monroe, of Virginia, November 25, 1811. Secretaries of the Treasury-Albert Gallatin, continued in office; George W. Campbell, of Tennessee, February 9, 1814; Alexander J. Dallas, of Pennsylvania, October 6, 1814. Secretaries of War —William Eustis, of Massachusetts, March 7, 1809; John Armstrong, of New York, January 19, 1813; James Monroe, of Virginia, September 26, 1814; William I. -Crawford, of Georgia, March 2, 1815. Secretaries of the Navy-Paul Hamilton, of South Carolina, March 7, 1809; William Jones, of Pennsylvania, January 12, 1813; Benjamin W. Crowninshield, of Massachusetts, December 17, 1814. Postmasters- General —Gideon Granger, continued in office; R. J. Meigs, of Ohio, March 17, 1814. APPENDIX. 11 FIFTH ADMAINISTRATION- 1817 TO 1825.-EIGHT YEARS. President-JAMES MONROE, Virginia. Vice-President-DANIEL D. TOMPKINS, New York. Secretary of State-John Q. Adams, of Massachusetts, March 3, 1817. Secretary of the Treasury —William H. Crawford, of Georgia, March 5, 1817. Secretaries of War —Isaac Shelby, of Kentucky, March 5, 1817, declined the appointment; John C. Calhoun, of South Carolina, December 16, 1817. Secretaries of thae Navy-Benjamin W. Crowninshield, continued in office; Smith Thompson, of New York, November 30, 1818; Samuel L. Southard, of New Jersey, December 9, 1823. Postmasters- eneral-Return J. Meigs, continuecl in office; John McLean, of Ohio, December 9, 1823. SIXTH ADMINISTRATION-1824 TO 1829. —FouR YEARS. Presidentt-JoHN QUINCY ADAMS, Massachusetts. Viee-President —JHN C. CALHOUN, South Carolina. Secretary of State —Henry Clay, of Kentucky, March 8, 1825. Secretary of the Treasury - Richard Rush, of Pennsylvania, March 7, 1825. Secretaries of FWar-James Barbour, of Virginia, March 7, 1825; Peter B. Porter, of New York, May 26, 1828. Secretary of the cNavy-Samuel L. Southard, continued in office. Postmaster-G eneral-John McLean, continued in office. SEVENTH ADMINISTRATION-1829 TO 1837.-EIGHT YEARS. President-ANDREW JACKSON, Tennessee. Vice-Presidents-JOHIN C. CALHOUN, South Carolina; MARTIN VAN BUREN, New York. Secretaries of State-Martin Van Buren, of New York, March 6, 1829; Edward Livingston, of Louisiana, 1831; Louis McLane, of Delaware, 1833; John Forsyth, of Georgia, 1834. Secretaries of the Treasury-Samuel D. Ingham, of Pennsyl 12 APPENDIX. vania, March 6, 1829; Louis McLane, of Delaware, 1831; William J. Duane, of Pennsylvania, 18833; Roger B. Taney, of Maryland, 18337 (not confirmed by the Senate;) Levi Woodbury, of New Hampshire, 1834. Secretaries of IYar-John HI. Eaton, of Tennessee, March 9, 1829; Lewis Cass, of Ohio, 1831. Secretaries of the Navy-John Branch, of North Carolina, March 9, 1829; Levi Woodbury, of New Hampshire, 1831; Mahlon Dickerson, of New Jersey, 1834. Posmasters- Generalc-William T. Barry, of Kentucky, March 9, 1829; Amos Kendall, of Kentucky, 1835.* EIGHTH ADM[INISTRATION- 1837 TO 1841. -FouR YEARS. President-MARTIN VAN B]UREN, New York. Vice-President-RICHARD M. JoItNSON, Kentucky. Secretary of State-John Forsyth, appointed June 27, 1834, resigned March 3, 1841. Secretary of the Treasury-Levi Woodbury, appointed June 27, 1834, resigned March 2, 1841. Secretary of War —Joel R. Poinsett, appointed March 7, 1837, resigned MIarch 2, 1841. Secretaries of the Navy-Mahlon Dickerson, appointed June 30, 1834, resigned June, 1838; James K. Paullding, appointed from June 30, 1838; resigned March 2, 1841. Postmasters- eneral —Amos Kendall, appointed May 1, 1835, resigned; John M. Niles, appointed from May 25, 1840, resigned March 1, 1841. NINTH ADMINISTRATION-1841 TO 1845.-Foun YEARS. President-GENERAL WILLIAM HENrY HARRISON, Ohio. Died April 4, 1841. Vice-President-JOHN TYLER, Virginia. President —JOHN TYLER, Virginia, (from April 4, 1841.) * Before the accession of Andrew Jackson to the Presidency, the PostmasterGeneral was looked upon as the head of a bureau, but President Jackson invited Mr. Barry to a seat in his cabinet meetings, since which time the head of the Post-office Department has been considered a regular member of the cabinet. APPENDIX. 13 Secretaries of State-IDaniel Webster, appointed March 5, 1841, resigned May 8, 1843; Hugh S. Legare, appointed May 9, 1843, died June 20, 1843; Abel P. Upshur, appointed June 24, 1843, died February 28, 1844; John Nelson, acting, February 29, 1844; John C. Calhoun, appointed March 6, 1844, resigned March 1, 1845. Seeretaries of the Treasury-Thomas Ewing, appointed March 5, 1841, resigned; Walter Forward, appointed September 13, 1841, resigned; George M. Bibb, appointed June 15, 1844, resigned March 3, 1845. Secretaries of TFar-John Bell, appointed March 5, 1841, resigned; John C. Spencer, appointed October 12, 1841, transferred to Treasury Department; James M. Porter, appointed March 8, 1843, rejected by the Senate; William Wilkins, appointed February 15, 1844, resigned March 3, 1845. Seeretaries of the rcavy-George E. Badger, appointed March 5, 1841, resigned; Abel P. Upshur, appointed September 13, 1841, transferred to Department of State; David Henshaw, appointed July 24, 1843, rejected by the Senate; Thomas W. Gilmer, appointed February 15, 1844, died February 28, 1844; John Y. Mason, appointed March 14, 1844, resigned March 3, 1845. Postmasters- General-Francis Granger, appointed March 6, 1841, resigned; Charles A. Wickliffe, appointed September 13, 18411, resigned March 3, 1845. TENTH ADMINISTRATION-1845 TO 1849.-FoUR YEARS. President-JAMES KNOX POLK, Tennessee. Vicee-President-GEORGE M. DALLAS, Pennsylvania. Secretary of State-James Buchanan, of Pennsylvania, appointed March 5, 1845. Secretary of the Treasury-Robert J. Walker, of Mississippi, appointed March 5, 1845. Secretary of WVar —William L. Marcy, of New York, appointed March 5, 1843. Secretary of the cNavy-George Bancroft, of Massachusetts, appointed March, 1845; John Y. Mason, of Virginia, appointed 1846. _Postmaster- General-Cave Johnson, of Tennessee, appointed March 5, 1845. 14 APPENDIX. ELEVENTH ADMINISTRATION-1849 TO 1853.-FOUR YEARS. President-ZACHARY TAYLOR, Louisiana. Died July 9, 1850. Vice-President-MILLARD FILLMORE, New York. President-MILLARD FILLMORE, New York. Succeeded Zachary Taylor, on his death, July 9, 1850. Secretaries of State-John M. Clayton, of Delaware, appointed March 7, 1849, resigned July 10, 1850; Daniel Webster, of Massachusetts, appointed July 20, 1850, died October 24, 1852; Edward Everett, of Massachusetts, appointed November, 1852. Secretaries of the Treasutry-William M. Meredith, of Pennsylvania, appointed March 7, 1849, resigned July 10, 1850; Thomas Corwin, of Ohio, appointed July 20, 1850. Secretaries of War-George W. Crawford, of Georgia, appointed March 7, 1849, resigned July 10, 1850; Charles M. Conrad, of Louisiana, appointed August 15, 1850. Secretaries of the Navy-William B. Preston, of Virginia,, appointed March 7, 1849, resigned July 10, 1850; William A. Graham, of North Carolina, appointed July 20, 1850, resigned 1852; John P. Kennedy, of Maryland, appointed 1852. Secretaries of the Interior-Thomas Ewing, of Ohio, appointed March 7, 1849, resigned July 10, 1850; Alexander H. H. Stuart, of Virginia, appointed September 12, 1850. _Postmasters- General-Jacob Collamer, of Vermont, appointed March 7, 1849, resigned July 10, 1850; Nathan K. Hall, of New York, appointed July 20, 1850, resigned 1852; Samuel D. Hubbard, of Connecticut, appointed 1852. Attorneys-General-IReverdy Johnson, of Maryland, appointed March 7, 1849, resigned July 10, 1850; John J. Crittenden, of Kentucky, appointed July 20, 1850. TWELFTH ADMINISTRATION-185 3 TO 1857.-FOUR YEARS. President-FRANKLIN PIERCE, New Hampshire. Vice-President-WILLIAM R. KING, Alabama. Died April 18, 1853. Secretary of State-William L. Marcy, of New York, appointed March 7, 1853. APPENDIX. 15 Secretary of the Treasury —James Guthrie, of Kentucky, appointed March 7, 1853. Secretary of War-Jefferson Davis, of Mississippi, appointed March 7, 1853. Secretary of the Navy-James C. Dobbin, of North Carolina, appointed March 7, 1853. Secretary of the Interior-Robert MeClelland, of Michigan, appointed March 7, 1853. Postmaster- General —James Campbell, of Pennsylvania, appointed March 7, 1853. Attorney- General-Caleb Cushing, of Massachusetts, appointed March 7, 1853. THIRTEENTH ADMINISTRATION-1857 TO 1861.-FoUR YEARS. President-JAMES BUCHANAN, Pennsylvania. Vice-President-JOHN C. BRECKINRIDGE, Kentucky. Secretary of State-Lewis Cass, of Michigan, appointed March, 1857. Secretary of the Treasury-Howell Cobb, of Georgia, appointed March, 1857. Secretary of War —John B. Floyd, of Virginia, appointed March, 1857.,Secretary of the Navy-Isaac Toucey, of Connecticut, appointed March, 1857. Secretary of the Interior-Jacob Thompson, of Mississippi, appointed March, 1857. Postmnaster-General-Aaron V. Brown, of Tennessee, appointed March, 1857. Attorney- General-Jeremiah S. Black, of Pennsylvania, appointed March, 1857. 16 APPENDIX. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS. THE election of the President and of the Vice-President, by Colleges of Electors, chosen in each State, was first proposed in the Convention for the formation of the Constitution, by James Wilson, a delegate from Pennsylvania. It was adopted after a prolonged discussion, and was regulated by an Act of Congress, of March 1, 1792. The Electors must be chosen within thirty-four days preceding the first Wednesday of December of the year in which an election of President and Vice-President takes place. They must be equal in number to all the Senators and Representatives in Congress, but no Senator or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States can be appointed an Elector. The Electors were at first chosen in four different modes, viz.: —by joint ballot of the State Legislature, by a concurrent vote of the two branches of the State Legislature, by the people of the State, voting by general ticket, and by the people, voting in districts. This latter mode was evidently that which gave the fairest expression to public opinion, by approaching nearest to a direct vote.. But those States which adopted it were placed at the disadvantage of being exposed to a division of their strength, and neutralization of their vote; while the Electors chosen by either of the other methods voted in a body on one side or the other, thus making the voice of the State decisively felt. This consideration induced the leading States of Massachusetts and of Virginia, which originally adopted the district system, to abandon it in 1800. The Electors meet at the capitals of their respective States, on the first Wednesday of December, and vote by distinct ballots for President and Vice-President, one of whom shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves. They make lists of the number of votes given, and of the persons voted for, which they transmit sealed, by a special messenger, to the President of the Senate, at Washington. The Senate and the House of Representatives having met in convention, on a day fixed, the President of the Senate opens all the certificates, and the votes are counted. The person having the greatest number of votes for President is duly elected, if such a number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed. If no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest number, not exceeding three, in the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose, immediately and by ballot, the President. If the House of Representatives shall not choose a President, whenever the right of choice devolves upon them, before the fourth of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President. Should the offices of President and Vice-President both become vacant, it then becomes the duty of the Secretary of State to communicate information thereof to the Executive of each State, and to cause the same to be published APPENDIX. 17 in at least one newspaper in every State, giving two months' previous notice that Electors of President shall be chosen or appointed in the several States, within thirty-four days next preceding the first Wednesday in December ensuing, when the choice of President must proceed as usual. FIRST PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION. GEORGE WASHINGTON Was unanimously elected President, receiving 69 votes. JOHN ADAMS was elected Vice-President, receiving 34 votes; while John Jay had 9 votes, Robert H. Harrison 6, John Rutledge 6, John Hancock 4, George Clinton 3, Samuel Huntington 2, James Armstrong 1, Edward Telfair 1, and Benjamin Lincoln 1. The Electors were:NEw HAIPSHIRIiE. Benjamin Bellows, Ebenezer Thompson. 1. John Pickering, 2. John Parker, 3. John Sullivan. MASSACHUSETTS. Caleb Davis, David Sewall. 1. Samuel Phillips, Jr., 4. Moses Gill, 7. William Sever, 2. Walter Spooner, 5. Samuel Henshaw, 8. William Shepard. 3. Francis Dana, 6. WilliarA Cushing, CONNECTICUT. Samuel Hunltington, Er.astus Wolcott. 1. Oliver Wolcott, 3. Richard Law, 5. Matthew Griswold. 2. Thaddeus Burr, 4. Jedediah Huntington, NEW JERSEYo David Breasley, David Moore. 1. James Kinsey, 3. John Neilson, 4. Matthias Ogden. 2. John Rutherford, PENNSYLVANIA. Edward Hand, James Wilson. 1. George Gibson, 4. David Grier, 7. Lawrence Keene, 2. James O'Harra, 5. Collinson Read, 8. Alexander Graydon. 3. John Arndt, 6. Samuel Potts, DELAWARE. Gunning Bedford, George Mitchell. 1. John Baning. /MARYLAND. John Rogers, Philip Thomas. 1. George Plater, 3. William Tilghman, 5. Alexander C. Hanson, 2. Robert Smith, 4. William Richardson, 6. William Mathews. VIRGINIA. Patrick Henry, W. Tikhugh. 1. John Pride, 4. Anthony Walke, 7. John Harvie, 2. Edward Stevens, 5. James Wood, 8. John Roane. 3. Zachariah Johnston, 6. David Stuart, 2* 18 APPENDIXO SOUTH CAROLINA. Christopher Gadsden, Edward Rutledgeo 1. Henry Lawrens, 3. Charles C. Pinckney, 5. John F. Grimke. 2. Arthur Simkins, 4. Thomas Heyward, Jr., GEORGIA. George Handley, John Wilson. 1. George Walton, 2. H. Osborne, 3. John King. SECOND PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION — 1793. GEORGE WASHINGTON was again unanimously elected President, receiving 132 votes. JOHN ADAM)s was elected Vice-President, receiving 77 votes; while George Clinton had 50 votes, Thomas Jefferson 4, and Aaron Burr 1. The Electors were:NEW HAIIPSHIRE. Josiah Bartlett, Benjamin Bellows. 1. John T. Gilman, 8. Jonathan Freeman, 4. Ebenezer Thompson. 2. John Pickering, MASSACHUSETTS. Azor Orne, Francis Dana. 1. Samuel Holten, 6. Walter Spooner, 11. Thompson J. Shinner, 2. Ebenezer Mattson, Jr., 7. Moses Gill, 12. Daniel Cony, 3. Thomas Dawes, 8. Solomon Freeman, 13. Dwight Foster, 4. William Sever, 9. William Shepard, 14. Peleg Wadsworth. 5. Increase Sumner, 10. Nathaniel Wells, RHODE ISLAND. Arthur Fenner, Samuel J. Potter. 1. George Champlin, 2. William Greene. CONNECTICUT. Samuel Huntington, John Davenport, Jr. 1. Oliver Wolcott, 4. Elijah Hubbard, 6. Sylvester Gilbert, 2. Thomas Grosvenor, 5. Thomas Seymour, 7. Marvin Wait. 3. David Austin, VERMONT. Samuel Hitchcock, Lemuel Chipman. 1. Lot Hall, 2. Paul Brigham. NEW YORE. Jesse Woodhull, David Van Ness. 1. Edward Savage, 5. William Floyd, 8. Stephen Ward, 2. Samuel Clark, 6. Volkert Veeder, 9. John Bay, 3. Johannes Bruyn, 7. Abraham Ten Eyck, 10. Samuel Osgood. 4, Abraham Yates, Jr., APPEND IX. 19 NEW JERSEY. Thomas H. Sanderson, Aaron D. Woodruff. 1. Richard Stockton, 3. Joseph Bloomfield, 5. Franklin Davenport. 2. John W. Vancleve, 4. Samuel Dick, PENNSYLVANIA. William Henry, Robert Coleman. 1. Joseph Huster, 6. Robert Johnston, 10. James Morris, 2. Thomas Bull, 7. John Wilkins, Jr., 11. George Latimer, 8. Thomas McKean, 8. John Boyd, 12. Robert Hare, 4. Cornelius Coxe, 9. David Stewart, 13. Hugh Lloyd. 5. Henry Miller, DELAWARE. James Sykes, Gunning Bedford. 1. William Hill Wells. MARYLAND. Alexander C. Hanson, John Seney. 1. John E. Howard, 4. William Smith, * 7. William Richardson, 2. Levin Winder, 5. Richard Potts, 8. Donaldson Yates. 3. Thomas Lee, 6. Samuel Hughes,* VIRGINIA. John Wise, George Carrington. 1. Nathaniel Wilkinson, 8. Stephen T. Mason, 14. John Bowyer, 2. John Early, 9. John Roane, Jr., 15. Thomas Claiborne, 3. William 0. Callis, 10. Moses Hunter, 16. Maxwell Armstrong, 4. Catesby Jones, 11. James Murdough, 17. John Pride, 5. Elias Langham, 12. Archibald Stuart,'18. Claiborne Watkins, 6. Daniel C. Brent, 13. Michael Bailey, 19. Tarlton Woodson. 7. John Dawson, NORTH CAROLINA. Stephen Cahames, John L. Taylor. 1. Alfired Moore, 5. Benjamin Smith, 8. Peter Dange, 2. John Mocon, 6. John M. Binford, 9. James Taylor, 3. Joel Sane, 7. Matthew Lock, 10. William Porter. 4. R. D. Spaight, SOUTH CAROLINA. Charles C. Pinckney, John Chestnut. 1. Andrew Pickens, 3. John Barnwell, 5. Robert Anderson, 2. John Hunter, 4. Edward Rutledge, 6. John Julius Pringle. GEORGIA. Benjamin Taliaferro, William Gibbons. 1. John King, 2. Seaborn Jones. KENTUCKY. R. C. Anderson, Charles Scott. 1. Benjamin Logan, 2. Notley Conn. * Not present. 20 APPENDIX. THIRD PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION-1797. JOHN ADAMS was elected President, receiving the entire vote of New HIampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Vermont, New York, New Jersey and Delaware, with 10 scattering votes from other States, making 71 of the 140 votes cast. THoIoAS JEFFERSON was elected Vice-President, having the next highest number of votes, 68; while Thomas Pinkney had 58, Aaron Burr 30, Samuel Adams 15, Oliver Ellsworth 11, George Clinton 7, John Jay 5, James Iredell 3, Samuel Johnston 2, George Washington 2, John Henry 2, Charles C. Pinckney 1. The Electors were:NEW HAIIAPSHIRE. John T. Gilman, Timothy Farrar. 1. Oliver Peabody, 3. Benjamin Bellows, 4. Timothy Walker. 2. Ebenezer Thompson, VERMONT. Elijah Dewey, John Bridgman. 1. Elisha Sheldon, 2. Oliver Gallup. M[ASSACuUSETTS. William Sever, Stephen Longfellow. 1. Samuel Holton, 6. Increase Sumner, 11. Elisha May, 2. Edward H. Robbins, 7. Thomas Dawes, 12. Joseph Allen, 3. Elbridge Gerry, 8. David Rosseter, 13. Thomas Rice, 4. Ebenezer Mattoon, 9. Nathaniel Wells, 14. Ebenezer Bacon. 5. Samuel Phillips, 10. Ebenezer Hunt,:RHODE ISLAND. Arthur Fenner, Samuel J. Potter. 1. George Champlin, 2. William Greene. CONNECTICUT. Oliver Wolcott, Jonathan Trumbull. 1. Jeremiah Wadsworth, 4. William Hart, 6. Jesse Root, 2. Heman Swift, 5. Elias Perkins, 7. Jonathan Sturges. 3. Elizur Goodrich, NEW YORK. Lewis Morris, R. Van Rensselaer. 1. Richard Thorne, 5. A. Van Vechten, 8. St. John Honeywood, 2. Peter Cantine, Jr., 6. William Root, 9. Charles Newkirk, 3. A. Ten Broeck, 7. Peter Smith, 10. Johannes Miller. 4. Obijah Hammond, NEw JERSEY. John Neilson, Caleb Newbold. 1. Aaron Ogden, 3. Jonathan Rhea, 5. Elisha Lawrence. 2. John Blackwood, 4. William Colefax, APPEND IX 21 PENNSYLVANIA. Thomas McKean, John Smilie. 1. James Boyd, 6. William Irvine, 10. Samuel Miles, 2. Joseph Heister, 7. Peter Muhlenberg, 11. Jacob Morgan, 3. William Brown, 8. Robert Coleman, 12. William Maclay, 4. John Piper, 9. Abraham Smith, 13. James Hanna. 5. John Whitehill, DELAWARE. Thomas Robinson, Isaac Cooper. 1. Richard Bassett. MAR YLAND. John R. Plater, John Archer. 1. Francis Deakins, 4. John Roberts, 7. Gabriel Duvall, 2. John Gilpin, 5. John Lynn, 8. John Done. 3. George Murdock, 6. John Eccleston, VIRGINIA. William Nimmo, William Terry. 1. Nathaniel Wilkinson, 8. Levin Powell, 14. John Bowyer, 2. David Saunders, 9. Benjamin Temple, 15. Robert Walker, 3. John Taylor, 10. Moses Hunter, 16. John Brown, 4. Catesby Jones, 11. Josiah Riddick, 17. George Markham, 5. Wilson C. Nicolas, 12. Archibald Stuart, 18. Robert Crockett, 6. D. Carroll Brent, 13. John Mason, 19. Peter Johnson. 7. William Madison, NORTH CAROLINA. James Martin, Richard D. Spaight. 1. Gabriel Raysdale, 5. James Bradley, 8. Evan Alexander, 2. John Gray Blout, 6. John Hamilton, 9. Anthony Brown, 3. John Hamilton, 7. William Martin, 10. Sterling Harwell. 4. William Edmunds, SOUTH CAROLINA,. Edward Rutledge, Arthur Simkins. 1. Andrew Pickens, 3. John Chesnut, 5. Thomas Taylor, 2. William Thomas, 4. John Mathews, 6. John Rutledge, Jr. GEORGIA. James Jackson, Charles Abercrombie. 1. Edward Telfair, 2. William Barnett. KENTUCKY. Stephen Ormsby, Caleb Wallace. 1. Isaac Shelby, 2. John Coburn. TENNESSEE. Daniel Smith, Hugh Neilson. 1. Joseph Greer. 22 APPENDIX. FOURT:H PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION-1801. THOMAS JEFFERSON and AARON BURR having each received 73 of the 128 electoral votes cast, the choice devolved upon the House of Representatives. The 73 votes comprised all from the States of New York, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, South Carolina and Georgia, with 8 from Pennsylvania, 5 from Maryland, and 8 from North Carolina. John Adams had 65 votes, Charles C. Pinckney 64, and John Jay 1. The Electors were:NEW HAMPSHIRE. Oliver Peabody, Benjamin Bellows. I. John Prentice, 3. Ebenezer Thompson, 4. Arthur Livermore. 2. Timothy Farrar, VERMONT. Elijah Dewey, Roswell Hopkins. 1. Jonathan Hunt, 2. William Chamberlain. MASSACHUSETTS. Samuel Phillips, Francis Dana. 1. E. H. Robbins, 6. John Hooker, 11. William Baylies, 2. Samuel Sewall, 7. Walter Spooner, 12. Lemuel Weeks, 3. David Rosseter, 8. Joseph Allen, 13. Thomas Dawes, 4. Theophilus Bradbury, 9. William Sever, 14. Andrew P. Fernald. 5. Ebenezer Hunt, 10. S. S. Wilde, RHODE ISLAND. George Champlin, Oliver Davis. 1. Edward Manton, 2. William Greene. CONNECTICUT. Jonathan Trumbull, Jonathan Ingersoll. 1. John Treadwvell, 4. Matthew Griswold, 6. J. O. Moseley, 2. Tapping Reeve, 5. Jonathan Sturges, 7. Stephen M. Mitchell. 3. Jesse Root, NEW YORK. Isaac Ledyard, Peter Van Ness. 1. Anthony Lispenard, 5. James Burt, 8. Jacob Eaker, 2. Robert Ellis, 6. J. Van Rensselaer, 9. Thomas Jenkins, 3. P. Van Cortlandt, Jr., 7. Gilbert Livingston, 10. William Floyd. 4. John Woodworth, NEW JERSEY. Isaac Smith, Samuel S. Smith. 1. Thomas Sinnickson, 3. Richard Stockton, 5. Joshua L. Howell. 2. M. Williamson, Jr., 4. William Griffith, APPENDIX. 23 PENNSYLVANIA. Frederick Kuhn, Samuel Wetherill. l. James Armstrong, 6. Gabriel Heister, 10. N. B. Borheau, 2. John Kean, 7. William Hall, 11. James Crawford, Sr., 3. George Ege, 8. Presly Carr Lane, 12. Isaac Van Horn, 4. Jonas Hartzell, 9. Samuel W. Fisher, 13. Robert Whitehill. 5. John Hubley, DELAWARE. Kensey Johns, Nathaniel Mitchell. 1. Samuel White. MARYLAND. Edmund Plowden, Francis Deakins. 1. George Murdock, 4. Perry Spencer, 7. Nicholas B. Moore, 2. John Gilpin, 5. Gabriel Duvall, 8. Littleton Dennis. 3. Martin Kershner, 6. William M. Robertson, VIRGINIA. George Wythe, Walter Jones. 1. William Newsum, 8. John Preston, 14. John Shore, 2. Richard Brent, 9. Thomas Newton, 15. Creed Taylor, 3. William H. Cabell, 10. Hugh Holmes, 16. John Bowyer, 4. William Ellzey, 11. Joseph Jones, 17. Thomas Reade, Sr., 5. James Madison, Jr., 12. Archibald Stuart, 18. Daniel Coleman, 6. John Brown, 13. William B. Giles, 19. George Penn. 7. John Page, NORTH CAROLINA. William Tate, Thomas Brown. 1. Joseph Winston, 5. Spruce Macay, 8. Thomas Wynns, 2. William Martin, 6. Nathan Mayo, 9. Gideon Alston, 3. Absalom Tatom, 7. Joseph Taylor, 10. John Hamilton. 4. Bryan Whitfield, SOUTII CAROLINA. John Hunter, Arthur Simkinso 1. Paul Hamilton, 3. Robert Anderson, 5. Theodore Gaillard, 2. Andrew Love, 4. Joseph Blyth, 6. Wade Hampton. GEORGIA. John Morrison, Henry Graybill. 1. Dennis Smelt, 2. David Blackshear. KENTUCKY. John Coburn, Charles Scott. 1. John Pope, 2 Isaac Shelby TENNESSEE. Daniel Smith, Robert Love. 1. John Locke. 24t ~ APPENDIX. The House of Representatives, on which devolved the choice between Jefferson and Burr, voted to commence balloting on Wednesday, the eleventh day of February, to attend to no other business while the election was pending, and not to adjourn until a choice was effected. Seats were provided upon the floor for the President and the Senators, but during the act of balloting the galleries were cleared of spectators, and the doors were closed. Upon the first ballot, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky and Tennessee, (8,) voted for Thomas Jefferson; New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Delaware and South Carolina, (6,) voted for Aaron Burr; and the votes of Vermont and Maryland, (the representatives of which were divided,) were given blank. The balloting was continued, and the House remained in session, nominally without adjournment, for seven days, during which one hundred and four members were present. Some of them were so infirm or indisposed that it was necessary to provide beds for them, and one member, who was quite ill, was attended by his wife. On the thirty-sixth ballot, which was taken on the afternoon of the seventeenth, the votes of Delaware and South Carolina were given blank, while those of Vermont and Maryland were given to Mr. Jefferson, and elected him. The Vice-Presidency, of course, devolved upon Mr. Burr. FIFTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION-1805. THOMTAS JEFFERSON was re-elected President, receiving 162 of the 176 votes cast. This comprised the entire electoral vote of all the States, except Connecticut, Delaware and Maryland; the two first of which threw their full vote for Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, and the last gave nine votes for Mr. Jefferson and two for Mr. Pinckney. GEORGE CLINTON was elected Vice-President by the same majority and vote, Rufus King receiving fourteen votes. The Electors were:NEW HAMPSHIRE. John Goddard, Robert Alcock. 1. Levi Bartlet, 8. Timothy Walker. 5. William Tarlton. 2. George Aldrich, 4. Jonathan Steele, VERMONT. Josiah Wright, Nathaniel Niles. 1. Samuel Shaw, 3. Ezra Butler, 4. John Noyes. 2. William Hunter, MASSACHUSETTS. James Sullivan, Timothy Newell. 1. Elbridge Gerry, 7. Thomas Kitteridge, 13. James Warren, 2. John Whiting, 8. John Woodman, 14. John Farley, 3. James Bowdoin, 9. James Winthrop, 15. John Davis, 4. John Bacon, 10. Charles Turner, 16. Jonathan Smith, 5. John Huthorne, 11. Edward Upham, 17. Josiah Deane. 6. William Heath, 12. Thomas Fillebrown, APPENDIX. 25 RHODE ISLAND. Constant Taber, James Helme. 1. James Aldrich, 2. Benjamin Remington. CONNECTICUT. Jonathan Trumbull, Lewis B. Sturges. 1. John Treadwell, 4. Asher Miller, 6. Sylvester Gilbert, 2. David Smith, 5. David Daggett, 7. Joshua Huntington. 3. Oliver Ellsworth, NEW YORK. Sylvester Dening, John Cramer. 1. James Fairlie, 7. Ezra Thompson, 13. Stephen Miller, 2. Thomas Brooks, 8. Jonas Earl, 14. Adam Comstock, 3. Cornelius Bergen, 9. John Wood, 15. Albert Pawling, 4. Matthias B. Hildreth, 10. Joseph Ellicott, 16. Abraham Bancker, 5. John Herring, 11. Conrad I. Elmendorff, 17. Isaac Sargent. 6. William Floyd, 12. Henry Quackinboss, NEW JERSEY. Solomon Freligh, Thomas Newbold. 1. Alexander Carmichael, 3. Phineas AManning, 5. William Rassell, 2. Moore Furman, 4. Jacob Hufty, 6. Abijah Smith. PENNSYLVANIA. Charles Thompson, Casper Shaffner, Jr. 1. William Montgomery, 7. William Brooke, 13. Henry Spering, 2. John Bowman, 8. Jacob Hostetter, 14. John Minor, 3. Matthew Lawler, 9. Thomas Long, 15. James Boyd, 4. William Brown, 10. Jacob Bonnett, 16. John Hamilton, 5. Robert McMullen, 11. Francis Swaine, 17. Peter Frailey, 6. George Smith, 12. James Montgomery, 18. Nathaniel Irish. DELAWARE. MIaxwell Bines, Thomas Fisher. 1. George Kennard. MARYLAND. John Parnham, Tobias E. Stansbury. 1. Joseph Wilkinson, 4. William Gleaves, 7. John Tyler, 2. John Gilpin, 5. Edward Johnson, 8. Ephraim K. Wilson, 3. John Johnson, 6. Perry Spencer, 9. Frisby Tilghman. VIRGINIA. Richard Evers Lee, Richard Field. 1. John Goodrich, 9. George Wythe, 16. Archibald Stuart, 2. Thomas Read, 10. Hugh Holmes, 17. William Ellzey, 3. Edward Pegram, 11. John Taylor, 18. James McFarlane, 4. Creed Taylor, 12. James Dailey, 19. William Dudley, 5. William H. Cabell, 13. Larkin Smith, 20. John Preston, 6. John Taliaferro, Jr., 14. James Allen, 21. Mann Page, 7. George Penn, 15. John Minor, 22. William McKinley. 8. Richard Brent, 26 APPENDIX. NORTH CAROLINA. Felix Walker, Robert Cochran. 1. Peter Forney, 5. Montford Stokes, 9. Joseph Taylor, 2. Lemuel Sawyer, 6. Reading Blount, 10. Samuel Ashe, Sr., 3. Joseph Williams, 7. Solomon Graves, 11. Joseph John Alston, 4. James Jones, 8. Bryan Whitfield, 12. Gideon Alston. SOUTH CAROLINA. John Blake, Samuel Warren. 1. John Gaillard, 4. William Hill, 7. Joseph Calhoun, 2. Arthur Simkins, 5. Joseph Blythe, 8. John Taylor. 3. Thomas Taylor, 6. James Miles, GEORGIA. Edward Telfair, James B. Maxwell. 1. David Emanuel, 3. Henry Graybill, 4. David Cresswell. 2. John Rutherford, KENTUCKY. Charles Scott, Isaac Shelby. 1. John Coburn, 3. Hubbard Taylor, 5. William Irvine, 2. Ninian Edwards, 4. Joseph Lewis, 6. William Roberts. TENNESSEE. David Deaderich, William Martin. 1. Richard Mitchell, 2. George Ridley, 3. Robert Houston. OHIO. William Goforth, James Pritchard. 1. Nathaniel Massie. SIXTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION-1809. JAMES MADISON was elected President, having received the entire electoral vote of Vermont, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Ohio, and 13 of the 19 votes of New York, 9 of the 11 of Maryland, and 11 of the 14 of North Carolina-in all 122 of the 175 votes cast; George Clinton received 6 votes of New York, and the balance (47) were given to Charles Cotesworth Pinckney. GEORGE CLINTON was elected Vice-President, receiving 113 votes, while iRufus King had 47, James Madison 3, and James Monroe, 3. The Electors were:NEW HAMPSHIRE. Jeremiah Smith, Timothy Farrar. 1. Oliver Peabody, 3. Samuel Hale, 5. Robert Wallace. 2. Benjamin West, 4. Jonathan Franklin, VERMONT. Israel Smith, Samuel Shepardson. 1. Jonas Galusha, 3. John White, 4. William Cahoon. 2. James Tarbox, APPENDIX. 27 AMlASSACHUSETTS. Caleb Strong, Daniel Dewey. 1. Francis Dana, 7. William Bartlett, 13. Josiah Stearns, 2. Ebenezer Warren, 8. Lemuel Williams, 14. Samuel S. Wilde, 3. John Brooks, 9. Ebenezer Bridge, 15. John Hooker, 4. Samuel Tobey, 10. Andrew Fernald, 16. Jeremiah Bailey, 5. Moses Brown, 11. Benjamin Heywood, 17. John Barrett. 6. Joshua Thomas, 12. Samuel Freeman, RHODE ISLAND. Thomas P. Ives, James Rhodes. 1. C. Fowler, 2. Thomas Noyes. CONNECTICUT. Jonathan Trumbull, John Cotton Smith. 1. John Treadwell, 4. Jesse Root, 6. Frederick Wolcott, 2. Stephen T. Hosmer, 5. Roger Griswold, 7. Samuel W. Johnson. 3. David Daggett, NEW YORIc. Ambrose Spencer, H-enry Yates. Jr. 1. Henry Huntington, 7. John Garretson, 13. James Tallmage, 2. Benjamin Mooers, 8. William Hallock, 14. Hugh Jamison, 3. John W. Seaman, 9. Ebenezer White, 15. Jonathan Rouse, 4. Adam B. Vroman, 10. Russel Atwater, 16. Matthew Carpenter, 5. Henry Rutgers, 11. Thomas Lawrence, 17. Micajah Petit. 6. Thomas Shankland, 12. Joseph Simonds, NEW JERSEY. James Mott, Benjamin Egbert. 1. James Morgan, 3. Amos Harrison, 5. David Welsh, 2. Thomas Hendry, 4. George Burgin, 6. Abijah Smith. PENNSYLVANIA. Charles Thomson, Adamson Tannehill, 1. Thomas Leiper, 7. William Rodman, 13. Joseph Lefevre, 2. James Cowden, 8. Jacob Hostetter, 14. Joseph Huston, 3. Michael Leib, 9. Archibald Darrah, 15. Gabriel Heister, Jr. 4. William Wilson, 10. David Fullerton, 16. William Montgomery, 5. Joseph Engle, 11. Jacob Weygandt, 17. George Hartman, 6. Robert Griffen, 12. Peter Kenimell, 18. John McDowell. DELAWARE. James Booth, Daniel Rodney. 1. Nicolas Ridgely. MARYLAND. John R. Plater, Tobias E. Stansbury. 1. Robert Bowie, 4. Richard Tilghman, 7. John Tyler, 2. Thomas W. Veazey, 5. John Johnson, 8. Henry James Carroll, 3. Edward Johnson, 6. Earle Perry Spencer, 9. Nathaniel Rochester. 28 APPENDIX. VIRGINIA. Joseph Goodwin, Sr. Benjamin Harrison. 1. Edward Pegram, Sr. 9. Hugh Nelson, 16. Archibald Stuart, 2. Robert Nelson, 10. Hugh Holmes, 17. John Roane, 3. Richard Field, 11. George Penn, 18. Andrew Russell, 4. Mann Page, 12. Osborne Sprigg, 19. Robert Taylor, 5. Thomas Read, 13. Philip N. Nicholas, 20. John Preston, 6. Richard Barnes, 14. James Allen, 21. Gustavus B. Horner, 7. Joseph Eggleston, 15. Spencer Roane, 22. William McKinley. 8. John T. Brooke, NORTH CAROLINA. Francis Locke, Robert Cleveland. 1. Thomas Wynns, 5. Murdoch McKenzie, 9. John Winslow, 2. Kemp Plummer, 6. Peter Forney, 10. Joseph Riddick, 3. Samuel Ashe, Sr. 7. Robert Love, 11. William Gaston, 4. Joseph Taylor, 8. James Rainey, 12. Henry I. Toole. SOUTH CAROLINA. Joseph Gist, Joseph Bellinger. 1. John Wilson, 4. Paul Hamilton, 7. William Zimmerman, 2. Langdon Cheves, 5. William Strother, 8. William Rouse. 3. John MeMonies, 6. Samuel Mays, GEORGIA. John Rutherford, David Meriwether. 1. John Twiggs, 3. Henry Graybill, 4. James E. Houston. 2. Christopher Clark, KENTUcKY. Samuel Hopkins, Charles Scott. 1. William Logan, 3. Matthew Walton, 5. Robert Ewing, 2. Robert Trimble, 4. Hubbard Taylor, 6. Christopher Greenup. TENNEs SEE. James Robertson, Joseph Greer. 1. William Martin, 2. James Sevier, 3. Baldwin Hale. OHIO. Nathaniel Massie, Thomas McCune. 1. Stephen Wood. APPENDIX. 29 SEVENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION-1813. JAMES MADISON was re-elected President, having received the entire electoral vote of Vermont, Pennsylvania, Virginia, North and South Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio, and Louisiana, and 6 of the 11 votes of Marylandin all 128 of the 217 votes cast; the balance (89) were given for De Witt Clinton, of New York. ELBRIDGE GERRY was elected Vice-President, receiving 131 votes; while Jared Ingersoll had 86. The Electors were:NEw HAMPSHIRE. John Goddard, Timothy Farrar. 1. Oliver Peabody, 3. Samuel Hale, 5. Nathan Taylor, 2. Benjamin West, 4. Caleb Ellis, 6. Jonathan Franklin. VTERMONT. Nathaniel Niles, Josiah Wright. 1. Noah Chittenden, 3. William Slade, 5. John HI. Andrus, 2. William A. Griswold, 4. Elihu Luce, 6. Mark Richards. MIASSACHUSETTS. William Heath, John W. Hurlbert. 1. Harrison G. Otis, 8. Nathaniel Goodwin, 15. Eleazer James, 2. Joshua Thomas, 9. John Walker, 16. James McLellan, 3. Nathan Dane, 10. Samuel Parris, 17. E. Williams, 4. David Scudder, 11. George Bliss, 18. William Crosby, 5. Jeremiah Nelson, 12. Abiel Wood, 19. Isaac Maltby, 6. Lathrop Lewis, 13. Benjamin Heywood, 20. Israel Thorndike. 7. Abraham Bigloe, 14. Lemuel Paine, RHODE ISLAND. Christopher Fowler, William Rhodes. 1. Samuel G. Arnold, 2. Ephraim Bowen. CONNECTICUT. Nathaniel Terry, Daniel Putnam. 1. Theodore Dwight, 4. Stephen T. Hosmer, 6. Jonathan Barnes, 2. James Gould, 5. Calvin Goddard, 7. S. B. Sherwood. 3. David Daggett, NEw YORx. Joseph C. Yates, David Van Ness. 1. Simeon De Witt, 10. William Kirby, 19. David Boyd, 2. Robert Jenkins, 11. P. Van Cortlandt, 20. Jotham Jayne, 3. Archibald McIntyre, 12. Henry Frey, 21. Cornelius Bergen, 4. M. S. Van Dercook, 13. John Chandler, 22. Jonathan Stanley, Jr. 5. John C. Hodgeboom, 14. Tho. H. Hubbard, 23. Joseph Perine, 6. George Palmer, Jr. 15. Henry Huntington, 24. William Burnet, 7. G. S. Mumford, 16. John Russell, 25. Chauncey Belknap, 8. James Hill, 17. John Woodworth, 26. George Rosecrantz, 9. J. Delamontagnie, 18. James S. Kipp, 27. John Dill. 30 A P P E N D I X. NEW JERSEY. Matthew Whillden, William Griffith. 1. William B. Ewing, 3. Franklin Davenport, 5. Jacob Losey, 2. Elias Conoyer, 4. Andrew Howell, 6. William McGill. PENNSYLVANIA. Walter Franklin, Hugh Glasgow. 1. David Mitchell, 9. Joseph Engle, 17. Edward Crouch, 2. David Fullerton, 10. Chas. Shoemaker, Jr. 18. Joseph Reed, 3. Paul Cox, 11. James Fulton, 19. Henry Allshouse, 4. Samuel Smyth, 12. James Mitchell, 20. Alexander Dysart, 5. Isaac Worrell, 13. Isaiah Davis, 21. James Stephenson, 6. Robert Smith, 14. John Murray, 22. David Mead, 7. Michael Baker, 15. John Whitehill, 23. Abia Minor. 8. Nathaniel Mickler, 16. Clement Paine, DELAWARE. Jas. L. Clayton, James Sykes. 1. Benjamin Blackiston, 2. Thomas Fisher. MARYLAND. Henry H. Chapman, Tobias E. Stansbury. 1. Edward H. Calvert, 4. Thomas Worrell, 7. Henry Williams, 2. Thomas W. Veazey, 5. John Stephen, 8. Littleton Dennis, 3. Edward Johnson, 6. Edward Lloyd, 9. Daniel Kentch. VIRGINIA. Richard Henry Lee, Gustavus B. Horner. 1. Benjamin Harrison, 9. Matthew Cheatham,.17. W. G. Poindexter, 2. Robert Nelson, 10. Hugh Holmes, 18. Andrew Russell, 3. Edward Pegram, 11. William Armistead, 19. Spencer Roane, 4. Mann Page, 12. Daniel Morgan, 20. Charles Taylor, 5. Richard Field, 13. Charles Yancey, 21. Sthreshly Rennolds, 6. Walter Jones, 14. Archibald RPutherford, 22. W. McKinley, 7. Thomas Read, 15. George Penn, 23. Robert Taylor. S. John T. Brooke, 16. Archibald Stuart, NORTH CAROLINA. William H. Murfree, James Mebane. 1. Redar Ballard, 6. Montfort Stokes, 10. Jonathan Hampton, 2. James Rainey, 7. James W. Clarke, 11. Thomas Davis, 3. James Bright, S. Joseph Uniston, 12. Henry Massey, 4. Francis Locke, 9. H. G. Burton, 13. Kemp Plummer. 5. Thomas D. King, SOUTH CAROLINA. James Campbell, Reuben Starke. 1. John Johnson, 4. William Smith, 7. Samuel Johnson, 2. John McCreary, 5. William Caldwell, 8. Richard Singleton, 3. Andrew Pickens, 6. William Alston, 9. Sampson Butler. APPENDIX. 31 GEORGIA. Daniel Stewart, John Twiggs. 1. Henry Graybill, 3. Charles Harris, 5. John Rutherford, 2. Oliver Porter, 4. Henry Mitchell, 6. John Howard. KSENTUCKY. Robert E-wing, William Irvine. 1. William Casey, 5. Samuel Caldwell, 8. Walker Baylor, 2. Robert Mosby, 6. Duval Payne, 9. William Logan, 3. Samuel Murrell, 7. Richard Taylor, 10. T. D. Owings. 4. Hubbard Taylor, TENNESSEE. E. K. Dulany, William Trigg. 1. Henry Bradford, 3. James Trimble, 5. James McCampbell, 2. Thomas Washington, 4. David McEwen, 6. Thomas Johnson. OHIO. John Jones, James Pritchard. 1. Matthias Corwin, 3. David Purviance, 5. James Dunlap, 2. D. Abbott, (not present) 4. Thomas Ijams, 6. John Hamm. LOUISIANA. Julien Poydras, Stephen A. Hopkins. 1. Philemon Thomas. EIGHTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION-1817. JAMES M[ONIOE was elected President, having received the entire electoral vote of every State except Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Delaware-in all 183 of the 217 votes cast; the remaining 34 being given for Rufus King. DANIEL D. TONIMPINS was elected Vice-President, receiving 183 votes; while John E. Howard had 22 votes, James Ross 5, John Marshall 4, and Robert G. Harper 3. The Electors were:NEw HAMP SHIRE. Thomas Manning, Richard H. Ayer. 1. Benjamin Butler, 3. William Badger, 5. Amos Cogswell, 2. Jacob Tuttle, 4. Thomas C. Drew, 6. Dan Young. VERMONT. J. Robinson, James Roberts. 1. Apollas Austin, 3. Robert Holly, 5. William Brayton, 2. Asaph Fletcher, 4. John H. Cotton, 6. Isaiah Fisk. 32 APPENDIX. BMASSACHUSETTS. Christopher Gore, Bezabeel Taft. 1. Prentiss Mellan, 8. S. Longfellow, Jr. 15. Daniel Howard, 2. Jonas Kendall, 9. Joseph Locke, 16. William Phillips, 3. Israel Thorndike, 10. William Abbot, 17. Wendell Davis, 4. E. H. Robbins, 11. Thomas Dwight, 18. Josiah Stebbins, 5. Benj. Pickman, Jr. 12. Timothy Routelle, 19. Seth Washburn, 6. John Low, 13. Peter Bryant, 20. Thomas H. Perkins. 7. David A. White, 14. Luther Carey, RIIODE ISLAND. James Fenner, Edward Wilcox. 1. Thomas Pitman, 2. Dutee Arnold. CONNECTICUT. Jonathan Ingersoll, William Perkins. 1. Nathaniel Terry, 4. Elijah Hubbard, 6. Asa Willey, 2. Elisha Sterling, 5. Jirah Isham, 7. S. W. Johnson. 3. Seth P. Staples, NEW YORK. Henry Rutgers, Alexander McNish. 1. Lemuel Chipman, 10. Daniel Root, 19. Jacob Wertz, 2. Artemus Aldrich, 11. P. 5S. Van Orden, 20. Richard Townley, 3. John W. Seaman, 12. Montgomery Hunt, 21. Gabriel North, 4. Henry Becker, 13. J. W. Van Wyck, 22. Samuel Lawrence, 5. Jacob Drake, 14. Nicholl Fosdick, 23. Charles E. Dudley, 6. Aaron Searing, 15. J. D. Monell, 24. Nathaniel Rochester, 7. James Farlie, 16. E. Edmonds, 25. Benjamin Smith, 8. Israel W. Clark, 17. John Blake, Jr. 26. Worthy L Churchel, 9. Augustus Wright, 18. George Petit. 27. Samuel Lewis. NEw JERSEY. Lewis Moore, Charles Ogden. 1. Aaron Kitchell, 3. David Welsh, 5. John Crowell, 2. Daniel Garrison, 4. William Rossell, 6. Robert McNeely. PENNSYLVANIA. Paul Cox, M. Fackenthal. 1. David Mitchell, 9. William Brooke, 17. John Harrison, 2. James Wilson, 10. Robert Clark, 18. Joseph Huston, 3. John Geyer, 11. Isaac Anderson, 19. Jacob Hostetter, 4. Gabriel Heister, 12. Abiel Fellows, 20. Samuel Scott, 5. Daniel Bussier, 13. Matthew Roberts, 21. John Rea, 6. James Meloy, 14. David Marchand, 22. James Alexander, 7. John Conrad, 15. John Mohler, 23. William Gilliland. 8. James Banks, 16. Thomas Patterson, DELAWARE. Thomas Robinson, Andrew Barratt. 1. Isaac Tunnell, 2. Nicholas Ridgely. APPENDIX. 33 MARYLAND. William D. Beall, George Warner. 1. Joseph Kent, 4. Benjamin Massy, 7. John Buchanan, 2. William C. Miller, 5. John Stephen, 8. Littleton Dennis, 3. Edward Johnson, 6. Thomas Ennalls, 9. Lawrence Brengle. VIRGINIA. George Newton, John T. Brooke. 1. Charles H. Graves, 9. Charles Yancey, 17. Isaac Foster, 2. Hugh Holmes, 10. Charles Taylor, 18. Winm. Brockenbrough, 3. John Pegram, 11. Spencer Roane, 19. Brazure W. Pryor, 4. Archibald Rutherford, 12. Robert B. Starke, 20. Daniel Morgan, 5. John Purnall, 13. Sthreshly Reynolds, 21. William Jones, 6. Archibald Stuart, 14. William Archer, 22. John Edie, 7. Joseph C. Cabell, 15. Robert Taylor, 23. William Lee Ball. S. Andrew Russell, 16. Benjamin Cook, NORTH CAROLINA. Robert Love, Nathaniel Jones, 1. Jesse Franklin, 6. Joseph Riddick, 10. Vine Allen, 2. John Hall, 7. Abraham Phillips, 11. Joseph Pukett, 3. Peter Forney, S. James Hoskins, 12. Thomas D. King, 4. Thomas Wynns, 9. Alexander Gray, 13. Thomas Ruffin. 5. Francis Locke, SOUTH CAROLINA. William Garrett, James Duff. 1. Philemon Bradford, 4. Thomas Lee, 7. John Thomas, 2. Thomas Evans, 5. Frederick Nance, 8. Joseph Reid, 3. William McKeralls, 6. John L. Wilson, 9. Richard B. Screven. GEORGIA. David Adams, Charles Harris. 1. John McIntosh, 3. Jared Irwin, 5. Henry Mitchell, 2. John Clark, 4. John Rutherford, 6. David Meriwether. KENTUCKY. Duvall Payne, Richard Taylor. 1. Hubbard Taylor, 5. Thomas Bodley; 8. Samuel Murrell, 2. William Logan, 6. Samuel Caldwell, 9. William Irvine, 3. Robert Trimble, 7. Willis A. Lee, 10. Robert Ewing. 4. Alexander Adair, TENNESSEE. Alfred M. Carter, Robert Allen. 1. Joseph Hamilton, 3. David Campbell, 5. Adam Huntsman 2. M. M[cClanohan, 4. Samuel Buchanan, 6. James Baxter. 3* 34 APPENDIX. OHIO. John G. Young, Abraham Shepherd. 1. Aaron Wheeler, 3. John Patterson, 5. William Skinner, 2. Othniel Looker, 4. Benjamin Haugh, 6. James Curry. INDIANA. Jesse L. Holman, Thomas H. Blake. 1. Joseph Bartholomew. LOUISIANA. Garrigues Flanjac, Squire Lea. 1. John R. Grimes. NINTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION-1821. JAMES MONROE was re-elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote of every State (228) except New Hampshire, of which one vote was thrown for John Quincy Adams. DANIEL D. TOnMIPlINS was elected Vice-President, receiving 215 votes; while Richard Stockton had 8 votes, Daniel Rodney 4, Robert G. Harper 1, and Richard Rush 1. The Electors were:NEW HAP SHIRE. William Plumer, John Pendexter. 1. David Barker, 3. William Fisk, 5. Samuel Dinsmoor, 2. Nathaniel Shannon, 4. Ezra Bartlett, 6. James Smith. VERMONT. James Galusha, William Slade, Jr. 1. Gilbert Denison, 8. Pliny Smith, 5. Aaron Leland, 2. Daniel A. A. Buck, 4. Ezra Butler, 6. Timothy Stanley. MAAsSACHUSETTS. John Adams, Seth Sprague. 1. William Phillips, 6. Ezra Starkweather, 10. John Davis, 2. Thomas H. Blood, 7. B. W. Crowninshield, 11. Samuel Dana, 3. William Gray, 8. Wendell Davis, 12. Joseph Woodbridge, 4. Jonas Sibley, 9. John Heard, 13. Ebenezer Mattoon. 5. Daniel Webster, RHODE ISLAND. James Fenner, Robert F. Noyes. 1. Dutee J. Pearce, 2. Dutee Arnold. CONNECTICUT. Henry Seymour, Isaiah Loomis. 1. Samuel Welles, 4. John Alsop, 6. S. W. Crawford, 2. William Cogswell, 5. Ebenezer Brockway, 7. Samuel H. Phillips. 3. William Moseley, APPENDIX. 35 NEW YoRK. William Floyd, John Baker. 1. Henry Rutgers, 10. Ferrand Stranahan, 19. David Hammond, 2. John Walworth, 11. Jacob Odell, 20. Wm. B. Rochester, 3. Abel Huntington, 12. Henry Wager, 21. Mark Spencer, 4. Daniel McDougall, 13. Peter Waring, 22. Charles Thompson, 5. Edward Severich, 14. Elisha Harnham, 23. Benjamin Knower, 6. Seth Wetmore, 15. Edward P. Livingston, 24. Philetus Swift, 7. Isaac Lawrence, 16. Jonathan Collins, 25. Gilbert Eddy, 8. Latham A. Burrows, 17. Peter Millikin, 26. James Brisban, 9. John Targee, 18. Samuel Nelson, 27. Howell Gardner. NEW JERSEY. David Mills, Samuel L. Southard. 1. John Wilson, 3. John Crowell, 5. Aaron Vansychel, 2. Joseph Budd, 4. Isaiah Shinn, 6. John L. Smith. PENNSYLVANIA. Thomas Leiper, James P. Sanderson. 1. Paul Cox, 9. Andrew Gilkerson, 17. D. W. Dingman, 2. William Clinghan, 10. George Plumer, 18. Hugh Davis, 3. Daniel Groves, 11. John Hamilton, 19. Gabriel Heister, 4. George Barnitz, 12. George Hebb, 20. Patrick Farrelly, 5. Chandler Price, 13. James Kerr, 21. John Todd, 6. James Griffen, 14. Andrew Sutton, 22. Melchior Rahm, (de7. Pierce Crosby, 15. William Mitchell, ceased,) 8. John Miley, 16. Joseph Huston, 23. Philip Benner. DELAWARE. Peter Robinson, Nicholas Ridgely. 1. John Clark, 2. Andrew Barratt. MARYLAND. James Forrest, Elias Brown. 1. Robert W. Bowie, 4. William R. Stuart, 7. William Gabby, 2. John Forward, 5. A. McKim, 8. Joshua Prideaux, 3. John Stephen, 6. John Boon, 9. Michael C. Sprigg. VIRGINIA. William C. Holt, Thomas Brown. 1. Charles H. Graves, 9. B. T. Arthur, 17. W. Breckenbrough, 2. Robert Shields, 10. Hugh Holmes, 18. Andrew Russell, 3. John Pegram, 11. William C. Rives, 19. Armistead Hoomes, 4. William Jones, 12. W. Armstrong, Jr. 20. Samuel Blackburn, 5. R. B. Stark, 13. Charles Yancey, 21. James Hunter, 6. John Taliaferro, 14. Archibald Rutherford, 22. John Edie, 7. John Purnall, 15. Joseph Martin, 23. Robert Taylor. 8. John T. Brook, 16. Archibald Stuart, 36 APPENDIX. NORTH CABOLINA. Robert Love, Kinborough Jones. 1. Jesse Franklin, 6. C. E. Johnson, 10. H. J. G. Ruffin, 2. John Hall, 7. Abraham Phillips, 11. B. H. Covington, 3. Michael McLeary, 8. Lewis D. Wilson, 12. Thomas Kenan, 4. George Outlaw, 9. Alexander Gray, 1] 3. James Mebane. 5. Francis Locke, SOUTH CAROLINA. Benjamin James, Benjamin Rynalds. 1. L. M. Ayer, 4. John Dunovant, 7. Benjamin Dickson, 2. Isaac Smith, 5. Matthew J. Kirth, 8. William A. Ball, 3. John S. Glascock, 6. Rasha Cannon, 9. Charles Miller, GEORGIA. Oliver Porter, John Graves. 1. Henry Mitchell, 3. John McIntosh, 5. David Meriwether, 2. John Rutherford, 4. John Foster, 6. Benjamin Whitaker. KENTUCKY. Samuel Mourrel, Martin D. Hardin. 1. E. M. Ewing, 5. John E. King, 8. Thomas Bodley, 2. Willis A. Lee, 6. Jesse Bledsoe, 9. Richard Taylor, S. $. Caldwell, 7. John Pope, 10. Hubbard Taylor. 4. James Johnson, TENNESSE E. A. M. Carter, Joseph Dickson. 1. J. Hamilton, Sr. 3. David Campbell, 5. John J. White. 2. German Lester, 4. Henry Small, MIssoURI. William Shannon, John S. Brickey. 1. William Christy. MAINE. William Mloody, Lemuel Trescott. 1. Joshua Unigate, Jr. 4. Josiah Prescott, 6. Levi Hubbard, 2. Joshua Gage, 5. William Chadwick, 7. Samuel Tucker. 3. Elisha Allen, OHIO. Jeremiah Morrow, James Caldwell. 1. William H. Harrison, 3. Alexander Campbell, 5. Robert Lucas, 2. James Kilbourne, 4. John McLaughlin, 6. Lewis Dille. INDIANA. Nathaniel Ewing, John HI. Thompson. 1. Daniel J. Caswello ILLINOIS James B. Moore, A. F. Hubbard. 1. Michael Jones. APP PENDIX. 37 ALABAMA. John Scott, George Phillips. 1. Henry Minor. lM-ississIPPIo Duncan Stewart, Daniel Burnet. ]. Theodore Stark. LOUISIANA. Philemon Thomas, John R. Grymes. 1. Daniel L. Todd. TENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION- 1825. John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, William H. Crawford, and Henry Clay were candidates, and the Electoral College not giving either of them the requisite majority, (132 votes,) the choice again devolved upon the House of Representatives, when MR. ADAMS was elected. Andrew Jackson received the entire electoral vote of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Indiana, Mississippi, and Alabama, 1 of the 36 votes of New York, 7 of the 11 votes of Maryland, 3 of the 5 votes of Louisiana, and 1 of the 3 votes of Illinois. John Quincy Adams received the entire vote of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, and 26 of the 36 votes of New York, 1 of the 3 votes of Delaware, 3 of the 11 votes of Maryland, 2 of the 5 votes of Louisiana, and 1 of the 3 votes of Illinois. William H. Crawford received the entire vote of Virginia and of Georgia, and 5 of the 36 votes of New York, 2 of the 3 votes of Delaware, and 1 of the 11 votes of Maryland. Henry Clay received the entire vote of Kentucky, Ohio, and Missouri, and 4 of the 36 votes of New York. JOHN C. CALHOUN was elected Vice-President, receiving 182 votes; while Nathan Sanford had 30 votes, Nathaniel Macon 24, Andrew Jackson 13, Martin Van Buren 9, and Henry Clay 2. The Electors were:NEW HIAMP S HIRE. Josiah Bartlett, Abel Parker. 1. William Badger, 3. Samuel Quarles, 5. William Fisk, 2. Caleb Reith, 4. Moses White, 6. Hall Burgin. MASSACHUSETTS. William Gray, Oliver Smith. 1. Levi Lincoln, 6. John Endicot, 10. Cornelius Grinnell, 2. Enos Foot, 7. Joseph Kettredge, 11. Jonathan Davis, 3. T. L. Winthrop, 8. Thomas Weston, 12. Hezekiah Barnard, 4. William Walker, 9. Augustus Tower, 13. Edmund Cushing. 5. N. Silsbee, RHODE ISLAND. Caleb Earle, Elisha Watson. 1. Stephen B. Cornell, 2. Charles Eldridge. 38 APPENDIX. CONNECTICUT. Calvin Willey, David Keys. 1. Oliver Wolcott, 3. Rufus Hitchcock, 5. David Hill, 2. John Swathel, 4. Lemuel White, 6. Mloses Warren. VERMONT. Jonas Galusha, John Mason. 1. Titus Hutchinson, 3. Joseph Burr, 5. Jabez Proctor. 2. Dan Carpenter, 4. Asa Aldis, NEW YonR. Nathan Thompson, William Townsend. 1. Darius Bentley, 13. Marinus Willett, 24. Clark Crandall, 2. Thomas Lawyer, 14. Phineas Coon, 25. Isaac Sutherland, 3. Micah Brook&; 15. Ebenezer Sage, 26. I. Sutherland, 4. E. B. Crandale, 16. Azariah Smith, 27. William Walsh, 5. Pierre A. Barker, 17. Richard Blanvelt, 28. J. Lansing, Jr. 6. Samuel Hicks, 18. Eleazer Burnham, 29. Alexander J. Coffin, 7. Joseph Sibley, 19. Abraham Stagg, 30. Benjamin Bailey, 8. Edward Savage, 20. Solomon St. John, 31. Benjamin Smith, 9. Timothy H. Porter, 21. John Drake, 32. Samuel Smith, 10. Benjamin Mooers, 22. Elisha B. Strong, 33. Elisha Dorr, 11. Samuel Russell, 23. James Drake, 34. Heman Cady. 12. Chester Patterson, NEW JERSEY. Peter Wilson, John Buck. 1. Daniel Vliet, 3. Jacob Kline, 5. Joseph Kille, 2. James Cook, 4. James Parker, 6. J. W. Scott. PENNSYLVANIA. Thomas Leiper, William Beatty. 1. Cromwell Pearce, 10. Abraham Addams, 19. Adam King, 2. Valentine Giesey, 11. Joseph Engle, 20. Philip Benner, 3. Philip Peltz, 12. Isaac Smith, 21. John Rush, 4. John Reed, 13. John Pugh, 22. Henry Scheetz, 5. A. McCaraher, 14. William Thomson, 23. Peter Addams, 6. James Duncan, 15. Adam Ritscher, 24. Adam Light, 7. Daniel Sheffer, 16. Asa Mann, 25. James Ankrirn, 8. John Boyd, 17. Charles Kenny, 26. James Murray. 9. Daniel Raul, 18. John Fogel, DELAWARE. John Caldwell, Isaac Tunnell. 1. Joseph G. Rowland. MARYLAND. Henry Brawner, William Brown. 1. John C. Herbert, 4. Samuel G. Osborn, 7. William Tyler, 2. Thomas Hope, 5. Dennis Claude, 8. Littleton Dennis, 3. George Winchester, 6. James Sangston, 9. Thomas Post. A PPENDIX. 39 VIRGINIA. William C. Holt, Robert Shield. 1. Charles H. Graves, 9. James Jones, 16. James Hoge, 2. Ellison Currie, 10. William Armstrong, 17. W. Brockenbrough, 3. John Cargill, 11. Charles Yancey, 18. Andrew Russell, 4. Robert Taylor, 12. Archibald Rutherford, 19. John T. Somax, 5. W. H. Brodnax, 13. Joseph Martin, 20. Joseph H. Samuels, 6. Isaac Foster, 14. John Bowyer, 21. William Jones, 7. Joseph Wyatt, 15. Thomas M. Randolph, 22. William Marteney. 8. Daniel Morgan, NORTH CAROLINA. Montfort Stokes, William Martin. 1. Robert Love, 6. Edward B. Dudley, 10. Walter J. Leake, 2. William A. Blount, 7. James Mebane, 11. William Drew, 3. Peter Forney, 8. A. H. Shepperd, 12. John M. Morehead, 4. William B. Lockhart, 9. John Giles, 13. Josiah Crudup. 5. Vine Allen, SOUTH CAROLINA. Robert Clendinen, Evan Benbow. 1. John K. Griffen, 4. Eldred Simkins, 7. M. J. Keith, 2. William Garrett, 5. Joseph W. Alston, 8. Thomas Benson, 3. Angus Patterson, 6. William C. Pinckney, 9. William Laval. GEORGIA. Elias Beall, William Matthews. 1. Thomas Cumming, 4. John Rutherford, 6. William Terrell, 2. John McIntosh, 5. John Harden, 7. Warren Jordan. 3. John Floyd, KENTUCKY. J. R. Underwood, Richard Taylor. 1. John E. King, 5. Young Ewing, 9. James Smiley, 2. Joseph Allen, 6. Thomas Bodley, 10. J. J. Crittenden, 3. Alney McLean, 7. Benjamin Lecher, 11. Joshua Fry, 4. W. Moore, 8. D. Payne, 12. HI. Taylor. TENNESSEE. John Rhea, William A. Sublett. 1. T. A. Howard, 4. Joel Pinson, 7. William Mitchell, 2. Joseph Brown, 5. B. C. Stout, 8. Robert H. Dyer, 3. W. E. Anderson, 6. Willie Blout, 9. Samuel Hogg. OHIO. W. H. Harrison, James Caldwell. 1. W. McFarland, 6. S. Kingsbury, 11. William Kendall, 2. David Sloane, 7. Henry Brown, 12. James Steele, 3. Thomas Kirker, 8. Ebenezer Merry, 13. William Skinner, 4. Samuel Coulter, 9. E. Buckingham, 14. John Bigger. 5. James Heaton, 10. James Cooley, 40 APPENDIX. LOUISIANA. William Nott, John B. Planche. 1. James H. Shepherd, 2. S. Heiriart, 3. Pierre Lacoste. MissouRI. David Todd, James Logan. 1. David Musick. INDIANA. Elias McNamee, John Carr. 1. David Robb, 2. Jonathan McCarty, 3. Samuel Milroy. M~ISSISSIPPI. Thomas Hinds, Bartlett C. Barry. 1. James Patton. ILLINOIS. William Harrison, Alexander P. Field. 1. Henry Eddy. ALABAMA. Reuben Safford, James Hill. 1. Henry Chambers, 2. John Murphy, 3. William Fleming. MAINE. James Campbell, Lemuel Trescott. 1. Thomas Fillebrown, 4. Benjamin Chandler, 6. Benjamin Nourse, 2. James Parker, 5. Rev. Joshua Taylor, 7. Stephen Parsons. 3. Nathaniel Hobbs, The choice between Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, and William H. Crawford, the three highest on the list of those voted for by the Electoral College for President, devolved on the House of Representatives. Twenty-four members, one from each State, were appointed Tellers, and they announced as the result of the first ballot:-For John Quincy Adams: Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Vermont, New York, Maryland, Ohio, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, and Louisiana —13 States. For Andrew Jackson: New Jersey, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, and Indiana-7 States. For William IH. Crawford: Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, and Georgia —4 States. The Speaker then declared that JOHN QUINcY ADAMs, having received a majority of the votes of all the States, was duly elected President. APPENDIX. 41 ELEVENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION-1829. ANDREW JACKSON was elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote of Pennsylvania, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio, Louisiana, Mississippi, Indiana, Illinois, Alabama, and Missouri, 1 of the 9 votes of Maine, 20 of the 36 votes of New York, and 5 of the 11 votes of Maryland-178 in all; John Quincy Adams receiving the other 83 electoral votes. JOHN C. CALHOUN was re-elected Vice-President, receiving 171 votes; while Richard Rush had 83 votes, and William Smith 7. The Electors were:MAINE. Thomas Fillebrown, John S. Kimball. 1. Simon Nowell, 4. Levi Htubbard, 6. John Moore, 2. Joseph Southwick, 5. James C. Churchill, 7. Ebenezer Farley. 3. Joseph Prime, VERMONT. Jonas Galusha, Asa Aldis. 1. Ezra Butler, 3. John Phelps, 5. Apollos Austin. 2. Josiah Dana, 4. William Jarvis, NEW HAIMPSHIRE. George Sullivan, William Bixby. 1. Samuel Quarles, 3. Nahum Parker, 5. Samuel Sparhawk, 2. Thomas Woolson, 4. Ezra Bartlett, 6. William Lovejoy. MASSACIHUSETTS. Thomas C. Winthrop, Edmund Cushing. 1. Samuel Lathrop, 6. Samuel Jones,. 10. Oliver Starkweather, 2. Eliel Frost, 7. Baily Bartlett, 11. Jonathan Davis, 3. Jesse Putnam, 8. E. H. Robbins, 12. Bradford Dimmick, 4. John Gilbert, 9. Nathan Chandler, 13. Seth Sprague. 5. Stephen White, RHODE ISLAND. Caleb Earle, Elisha Watson. 1. Stephen B. Cornell, 2. Charles Elbridge. CONNECTICUT. Sylvester Norton, Roger Taintor. 1. Rufus Hitchcock, 3. Moses Warren, 5. Charles Hawley, 2. Homer Boardman, 4. George Pratt, 6. W. R. Kibbee. NEW YORK. Moses Rolph, Asaph Stow. 1. John Garrison, 6. Alexander Coffin, 11. Morgan Lewis, 2. A. D. W. Bruyn, 7. Gilbert Coutant, 12. E. B. Shearman, 3. Benjamin Bailey, 8. Gilbert Eddy, 13. Egbert Jansen, 4. John Lloyd, 9. Jacob Odell, 14. A. McIntyre, 5. John Targee, 10. A. Van Vechten, 15. John E. Russell, 42 APPENDIX. 16. Salmon Childs, 28. Rufus Crane, 29. William Hildreth, 17. Peter Pine, 24. Augustus Chapman, 30. John Taylor, 18. Peter H. Myers, 25. Thomas Blakeslee, 31. James H. Guernsey, 19. J. C. Yates, 26. Benjamin Cotton, 32. Charles Dayan, 20. James Campbell, 27. Freeborn G. Jewett, 33. Shubal Dunham, 21. Elkanah Brush, 28. John Beall, 34. Ebenezer Walden. 22. Jesse Smith,, NEw JERnSEY. Theodore Frelinghuysen, J. J. Ely. 1. A. Leaming, 3. A. White, 5. Gabriel Hoff, 2. Abraham Brown, 4. T. Elmer, 6. C. Zabriskie. PENNSYLVANIA. John B. Gibson, William Thompson. 1. William Findlay, 10. John Harper, 19. David Hottenstein, 2. Leonard Rupert, 11. John W. Cunningham, 20. John M. Snowden, 3. Edward King, 12. John Scott, 21. Peter Frailey, 4. Jacob Gearhart, 13,. George G. Leiper, 22. Robert Scott, 5. John Lisle, 14. William Piper, 23. Francis Baird, 6. George Barnitz, 15. Henry Scheetz, 24. Henry Allshouse, 7. Jacob Holgate, 16. Valentine Giesey, 25. Henry Winters, 8. Jacob Heyser, 17. Adam Ritscher, 26. James Duncan. 9. Samuel Humes, Sr., 18. James Gordon, DELAWARE. James Canby, David Hazard. 1. John Adams. MARYLAND. William Fitzhugh, Jr., Benjamin F. Forest. 1. William Tyler, 4. Thomas Emory, 7. Elias Brown, 2. James Sewell, 5. Benjamin C. Howard, 8. Littleton Dennis, 3. John S. Sellman, 6. T. R. Lockerman, 9. Henry Brawner. VIRGINIA. William C. I-olt, Robert McCandlish. 1. Winm. H. McFarland, 9. James Jones, 16. John E. George, 2. Ellyson Currie, 10. Jared Williams, 17. Wm. Brockenbrough, 3. John Cargill, 11. William Daniel, 18 Andrew Russell, 4. John W. Green, 32. Jacob D. Williamson, 19. Garret Minor, 5. Thomas M. Nelson, 13. Joseph Martin, 20. Joel Shrewsbury, 6. John Gibson, 14. John Bowyer, 21. William Jones, 7. Richard Logan, 15. William F. Gordon, 22. John McMillan. 8. George Rust, NORTH CAROLINA. Robert Love, Josiah Crudup. 1. Montfort Stokes, 6. Kedar Ballard, 10. R. D. Spaight, 2. John Hall, 7. Abraham Phillips, 11. Walter F. Leake, 3. Peter Forney, 8. Louis D. Wilson, 12. E. B. Dudley, 4. Joseph J. Williams, 9. John M. Morehead, 13. Willie P. Mangum. 5. John Giles, APPENDIX. 43 SOUTH CAROLINA. Sanders Glover, William Pope. 1. David R. Evans, 4. Arthur P. Hayne, 7. William Johnston, 2. John McComb, 5. David Sloan, 8. Henry L. Pinckney, 3. John Stewart, 6. Green B. Colmi, 9. Wade Hampton, Jr. GEORGIA. John Rutherford, William Terrell. 1. Robert RIt. Reed, 4. Augustus S. Clayton, 6. John G. Maxwell, 2. John Moore,* 5. Solomon Graves, 7. Oliver Porter. 3. David Blackshear, ALABAIA. Thomas Miller, John A. Elmore. 1. Enoch Parsons, 2. Thomas D. Crabb, 3. William Y. Higgins. MIssIssIPPI. Joseph Dunbar, William Downing. 1. Wiley P. Harris. LOUISIANA. John B. Planche, Alexander Mouton. 1. Thomas W. Scott, 2. Placide Bossier, 3. Trasimon Landry. TENNESSEE. John Rhea, William A. Sublett. 1. Samuel Bunch, 4. Joseph Brown, 7. Andrew J. Marchbanks, 2. Alfred Flournoy, 5. Benjamin C. Stout, 8. Adam R. Alexander, 3. Thomas McCorry, 6. Willie Blount, 9. George Elliott. KENTUCKY. Thomas S. Slaughter, Reuben Munday. 1. Matthew Lyon, 5. Nathan Gaither, 9. Robert J. Ward, 2. Benjamin Chapeze, 6. John Sterrett, 10. Richard French, 3. Edmund Watkins, 7. Tunstall Quarles, 11. Tandy Allen, 4. John Younger, 8. Benjamin Taylor, 12. Thompson Ward. OHIO. Ethan Allen Brown, Robert Lucas. 1. George McCook, 6. George Sharp, 11. Thomas L. Hamer, 2. John McElvain, 7. Henry Barrington, 12. William Hayne, 3. William Piatt, 8. Walter M1. Blake, 13. Valentine Keffer, 4. Samuel Herrick, 9. Thomas Gillespie, 14. Hugh McFall. 5. James Shields, 10. Benjamin Jones, INDIANA. Benjamin V. Beckes, Ratliff Boon. 1. Jesse B. Durham, 2. William Lowe, 3. Ross Smiley. ILLINOIS. John Taylor, Richard M. Young. 1. Alexander M. Houston. MISSOURI. John Bull, Augustus Jones. 1. Benjamin O'Fallon. * John Moore having declined to serve, Seaton Grantland was elected in his place by the Legislature. 44 APPENDIX. TWELFTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION-1833. ANDREW JACKSON was re-elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote of Maine, New Hampshire, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, Ohio, Louisiana, Mississippi, Indiana, Illinois, Alabama, and Missouri, with three of the eight votes of Maryland-219. Henry Clay of Kentucky, received the entire vote of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Delaware and Kentucky, with five of the eight votes of Maryland-49; John Floyd received the entire vote of South Carolina —11; and William W~irt the entire vote of Vermont-7. MARTIN VAN BUREN was elected Vice-President, receiving 189 votes; while John Sergeant had 49 votes, William Wilkins had 30, Henry Lee had 11, and Amos Ellmaker had 7. The Electors were: — MAINE. Nathan Cutler, Samuel Moore. 1. Isaac Lane, 4. Ellis Burgess, 7. Rowland H. Bridgham, 2. Silas Barnard, 5. Joseph Sewall, 8. E. Fletcher. 3. J. C. Churchill, 6. Joseph Kelsey, NEW HAMPSHIIRtE. Benjamin Peirce, John Holbrook. 1. Phineas Parkhurst, 3. Samuel Collins, 5. John Taylor. 2. Joseph Weeks, 4. Moses White, VERMONT. James Tarbox, Amos Thompson. 1. Nathan Leavenworth, 3. Ezra Butler, 5. William Strong. 2. John S. Pettibone, 4. Augustus Clarke, MASSACHUSETTS. Charles Jackson, E. Mattoon. 1. Thomas H. Perkins, 5. Ebenezer Moseley, 9. Aaron Tufts, 2. James Byers. 6. James Richardson, 10. Cornelius Grinnell, 3. Gideon Barstow, 7. Nathan Brooks, 11. Samuel Lee, 4. Henry Shaw, 8. Jotham Lincoln, 12. Nymphas Marston. RHODE ISLAND. Samuel Ward King, Nathaniel S. Ruggles. 1. William Peckham, 2. Peleg Wilbur. CONNECTICUT. Morris Woodruff, John D. Reynolds. 1. John Baldwin, 3. Eli Todd, 5. Erastus Sturges, 2. Chester Smith, 4. Oliver H. King, 6. E. Jackson, Jr. APPENDIX. 45 NEW YoRK. Edward P. Livingston, Amos Buck. 1. Nathaniel Garron, 15. Abraham Miller, 28. Truman Spencer, 2. Theophilus S. Morgan, 16. Darius Bentley, 29. John N. Quackenbush, 3. Moses Ralph, 17. William Taber, 30. Abel Baldwin, 4. David Moulton, 18. Samuel Payne, 31. Daniel D. Campbell, 5. Henry Waring, 19. Samuel Hunter, 32. James Sutherland, 6. Ebenezer Wood, 20. G. Curtis, 33. John Gale, 7. Gideon Lee, 21. Peter Crispell, Jr., 34. Calvin T. Chamberlain, 8. Peter Collier, 22. Seth Thomas, 35. Dudley Farlin, 9. John Targee, 23. William Deitz, 36. Orris Crosby, 10. John Hyde, 24. Jonas Seely, 37. James B. Spencer, 11. Preserved Fish, 25. Samuel Anable, 38. M. A. Andrews, 12. Thomas Humphrey, 26. Oliver Phelps, 39. John S. Veeder, 13. J. W. Hardenbrook, 27. James Woods, 40. Asa Clark, Jr. 14. Joseph Reynolds, NEW JERSEY. Daniel Vliet, Aaron Vansychel. 1. Peter J. Terhune, 3. Joseph Rogers, 5. William Munroe, 2. John AM. Perrine, 4. James Newell, 6. William L. Slites. PENNSYLVANIA, Samuel McKean, David D. Wagener. 1. C. Garber, 11. George W. Smick, 20. David Frazier, 2. William Swilland, 12. Frederick Orwan, 21. Adam Ritscher, 3. John T. Knight, 13. John Slaymaker, 22. P. Mulvany, 4. W. Brindle, 14. George McCullock, 23. William Addams, 5. William Thomson, 15. Oliver Alison, 24. J. Patten, 6. Adam Light, 16. John Murray, 25. John Schall, 7. Edward King, 17. George G. Leiper, 26. J. Y. Bauley, 8. George Barnitz, 18. David Gilman, 27. J. Rooker, 9. B. W. Richards, 19. Henry Scheetz, 28. Wilson Smith. 10. D. Sheffer, DELAWAR E. George Truitt, C. P. Comegys. 1. H. F. Hall. MARYLAND R. H. Goldsborough, William Price. 1. J. S. Smith, 3. William Frick, 5. U. S. Heath, 2. William B. Tyler, 4. Albert Constable, 6. John L. Steele. VIRGINIA. George Loyall, Samuel Blackwell. 1. John Cargill, 8. James M. Mason, 15. W. H. Roane, 2. John Gibson, 9. Richard Logan, 16. Thomas Bland, 3. James Jones, 10. John McMillan, 17. Samuel Carr, 4. J. Horner, 11. Joseph Martin, 18. A. Russell, 5. Thomas M. Nelson, 12. J. D. Williamson, 19. L. T. Dade, 6. H. L. Opie, 13. William Jones, 20. Philip N. Nicholas, 7. Archibald Austin, 14. Charles Beale, 21. A. R. Harwood. 46 APPENDIX. NORTH CAROLINA. A. W. Venable, J. 0. Watson. 1. Robert Love, 6. F. Ward, 10. Owen Holmes, 2. I. I. Daniel, 7. Thomas G. Polk, 11. J. M. Morehead, 8. George L. Davidson, 8. R. D. Spaight, 12. Henry Skinner, 4. W. B. Lockhart, 9. Thomas Settle, 13. William H. Leak. 5. Peregrine Roberts, SOUTH CAXOLINA. Robert J. Turnbull, Elijah Watson. 1. W. Thompson, Jr., 4. Thomas Lyles, 7. Benjamin Hart, 2. Samuel Cherry, 5. W. B. Seabrook, S. Joseph S. Shelton, 3. William Dubose, 6. Thomas Dugan, 9. Thomas Evans. GEORGIA. Beverly Allen, Henry Holt. 1. Elias Beall, 4. William Terrell, 7. John Floyd, 2. Henry Jackson, 5. W. B. Bullock, 8. Wilson Williams, 3. David Blaclshear, 6. John Whitehead, 9. Seaton Grantland. TENNESSEE. M. Aikin, Daniel Bowman. 1. William Snodgrass, -6. William Pillow, 10. David Feutress, 2. J. G. Bostick, 7. Joseph McMillon, 11. John Heam, 3. Jesse Wallace, 8. Willie Blount, 12. B. Coleman, 4. Elliott Hickman, 9. William Stroud, Sr., 13. George Elliott. 5. W. B. A. Ramsey, KENTUCKY. Joseph Eve, Alney McLeon. 1. Benjamin Hardin, 6. William Ousley, 10. D. S. Patton, 2. W. K. Wall, 7. Burr Harrison, 11. E. M. Ewing, 3. M. P. Marshall, 8. Thomas Chilton, 12. M. Beatty, 4. J. L. Hickman, 9. John I. Marshall, 13. Thompson MI. Ewing. 5. M. V. Thompson, OHio. Benjamin Tappan, Joseph J. McDowell. 1. John MI. Goodenow, 8. John Chancy, 14. William S. Tracy, 2. Valentine Keffer, 9. Alexander McConnell, 15. George Marshall, 3. I. D. Morris, 10. George Sharpe, 16. Jeremiah MecLane, 4. Isaac Humphreys, 11. Michael Moore, 17. Eli Baldwin, 5. Mark T. Wills, 12. Fisher A. Blocksom, 18. H. J. Harman, 6. Alexander Elliott, 13. John Lamill, 19. Jonathan Cilley. 7. R. D. Forsman, LOUISIANA. J. B. Planch6, Alexander Mouton. 1. Thomas W. Scott, 2. W. H. Overton, 3. T. Landry. INDIANA. George Boone, M. Crume. 1. W. Armstrong, 4. John Ketchum, 6. Thomas Givens, 2. Alexander J. Burnett, 5. Arthur Patterson, 7. N. B. Palmer. 3. James Blake, A PPENDIX X 47 }II SIS SIPPIo William Dowsing, Samuel Hunter. 1. Wiley P. Harris, 2. W. W. Cherry. ILLINOIS. James Evans, Adams Dunlap. 1. John C. Alexander, 2. Thomas Ray, 3. Abner Flack. ALABAMA. H-Tenry King, William Edmondson. 1. John J. AWTinston, 3. William R. Pickett, 5. Theophilus Toulmin. 2. William P. Gould, 4. George Phillips, MIIssonIo. Joel H. Haden, John Hume. 1. William Blackey, 2. Henry Shurlds. THIRTEEbNTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION -1837. AIARTIN -VAN BUREx was elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote of laine, New H1-lampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New iork, Pennsylvania, Virginia, North Carolina, Louisiana, BMississippi, Illinois, Alabama,'Aissouri, Arkansas, aichigan —.170. 7Villiam f1. Harrison received the entire vote of Vermoant, New Jersey, Delaware, M:aryland, Kentucky, Ohio and Indiana723; Hugh L. White, the vote of Georgia and of Tennessee-26; Daniel YWebster, the vote of ilassachusetts-14; and W. P. iA.angum, the vote of South Carolina —I.. RICHARD M. JoI-IsoN was chosen Vice-President by the Senate, no one having received a majority of the electoral votes, which stood: Richard M. Johnson 147, Francis Granger 77, John Tyler 47, WAvilliam Smith 23. The Electors were: MAINE. Renel Williams, Shepherd Carey. 1. Sheldon Hobbs, 4. John Hamblet, 7. John H. Jarvis, 2. Joseph Tobin, 5. Benjamin Burgess, 8. S. S. Heagan. 3. Jonathan Smith, 6. William Thompson, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Jonathan Harvey, Josiah Russell. 1. Isaac Waldron, 3. Tristam Shaw, 5 Stephen Gale. 2. G. Gilmore, 4. Ebenezer Carlton, VERMONT. Jabez Proctor, T. Howe. 1. S. Swift, 3. David Crawford, 5. Edward Lamb. 2. Titus Hutchinson, 4. W. A. Griswold, 48 APPENDIX. IMASSACHUSETTS. Nathaniel Silsbee, Samuel Appleton. 1. E. A. Newton, 5. Loammi Baldwin, 9. J. G. Kendall, 2. Leverett Saltonstall, 6. Thomas Longlay, 10. Howard Lothrop, 3. Benjamin Walker, 7. Samuel Lee, 11. Charles W. Morgan, 4. Isaac C. Bates, 8. Bezabeel Taft, Jr., 12. Charles J. Holmes. RHODE ISLAND. James Fenner, Henry Bull. 1. John D'Wolf, 2. B. H. Thurston. CONNECTICUT. Lorain T. Pease, Luther Warren. 1. Alfred Bassett, 3. Julius Clark, 5. Moses Gregory, 2. Seth P. Beers, 4. R. P. Williams, 6. Carlos Chapman. NEW YORi. Cornelius W. Lawrence, John Cox. 1. Jacob Sutherland, 15. Lucas Hoes, 28. Elisha Doubleday, 2. Gideon Ostrander, 16. Whitcombe Phelps, 29. Frederick Lammons, 3. Moses Rolph, 17. Henry Koon, 30. Joseph Sibley, 4. John Targee, 18. David Munro, 31. Henry Ellison, 5. Jacob Crocheron, 19. Peter Wendell, 32. Samuel Benedict, Jr., 6. Jeremiah Anderson, 20. Daniel Dickey, 33. Parker:Halleck, 7. Stephen Allen, 21. Herman Gansevroot, 34. Daniel H. Bissell, 8. James Hooker, 22. Peleg Slade, 35. George F. Falley, 9. Nathaniel P. Hill, 23. John Gale, 36. Thomas J. Wheeler, 10. Ichabod Bartlett, 24. Alanson MI. Knapp, 37. Orville Hungerford, 11. Jeremiah Russell, 25. Walcott Tyrrell, 38. Guy H. Goodrich, 12. Augustus C. Welch, 26. Jared Willson, 39. Joshua Babcock, 13. Zadock Pratt, 27. David C. Judson, 40. Hiram Gardner. 14. Lyman Strabridge, NEw JErs~EY. William Stevens, Allison Ely. 1. John H. Hall, 3. William Brittan, 5. Josiah S. Worth, 2. Joshua Burr, 4. David Beevis, 6. J. Leaming. PENNSYLVANIA. James Thompson, Henry Welsh. 1. Robert Patterson, 11. Gardner Furness, 20. Wallace M. Williams, 2. Thomas C. Miller, 12. Asa Mann, 21. Jacob Kern, 3. Thomas D. Grover, 13. Oliver Allison, 22. James Power, 4. William Clark, 14. William R. Smith, 23. Jacob Dillinger, 5. Joseph Burden, 15. Henry Myers, 24. Robert Orr, 6. John Mitchell, 16. S. L. Carpenter, 25. Paul Geiger, 7. John Naglee, 17. John B. Sterigere, 26. John Carothers, 8. Leonard Rupert, 18. Robert Patterson, 27. Calvin Blythe, 9. Samuel Badger, 19. Henry Chapman, 28. John P. Davis. 10. George Kriner, APPEND IX. 49 DELAWARE. William W. Morris, William Dunning. 1. H. F. Hall. MARYLAND. Elias Brown, David Hoffman. 1. J. B. Ricaud, 4. J. M. Coale, 7. T. Burchenal, 2. George Howard, 5. Anthony Kimmel, 8. Thomas G. Pratt. 3. William Price, 6. Robert W. Bowie, VIRGINIA. A. Smith, Samuel Carr. 1. John Cargill, S. A. S. Baldwin, 15. A. R. Harwood, 2. W. Holladay, 9. Richard Logan, 16. James Hoge, 3. James Jones, 10. J. D. Williamson, 17. John Moncure, 4. I. Horner, 11. A. Stuart, 18. John Gibson, 5. Williamt R. Baskerville, 12. D. B. Layne, 19. W. H. Roane, 6. H. L. Opie, 13. H. Hudgins, 20. Samuel L. Hays, 7. Archibald Austin, 14. A. Bierne, 21. John Hindman. NORTH CAROLINA. Robert Love, Josiah 0. Watson. 1. George Bower, 6. G. C. Marchant, 10. W. P. Ferrand, 2. Nathaniel Macon, 7. John Hill, 11. W. A. Morris, 3. John Wilson, S. L. D. Wilson, 12. Owen Holmes, 4. W. B. Lockhart, 9. John Parker, 18. A. W. Venable. 5. A. Henderson, SOUTH CAROLINA. John Littlejohn, Thomas L. Gourdin. 1. Patrick Noble, 4. B. T. Elmore, 7. John Frampton, 2. Thomas Dugan, 5. Thomas F. Jones, 8. B. K. Hanegan, 3. D. J. McCord, 6. R. H. Goodwin, 9. John Maxwell. GEORGIA. George R. Gilmer, Thomas Stocks. 1. John W. Campbell, 4. William H. Holt, 7. Thomas Hamilton, 2. Howell Cobb, 5. E. Wimberly, 8. David Meriwether, 3. Gibson Clark, 6. Ambrose Baber, 9. C. Hines. ALABAMA. William Smith, RIobert H. Watkins. 1. John MlcKinley, 3. Thomas D. King, 5. William Pi. Pickett. 2. John S. Hunter, 4. William FR. Hallett, TENNESSEE. Robert J. McKinney, John Gordon. 1. John Netherlandcl 6. T. F. Bradford, 10. S. D. Frierson, 2. W. E. Anderson, 7. James A. Whiteside, 11. Richard Cheatham, 3. Alexander E. Smith, 8. Neil S. Brown, 12. L. P. Williamson, 4. Andrew J. Hoover, 9. Asa Falkner, 13. William W. Lea. 5. James Park, 4* 50 APPENDIX. KENTUCKY. Burr Harrison, Thomas P. Wilson. 1. Henry Daniel, 6. Thomas Metcalf, 10. J. F. Ballinger, 2. William K. Wall, 7. E. Rumsey, 11. C. Tompkins, 3. Philip Triplett, 8. M. P. Marshall, 12. Robert P. Letcher, 4. Robert Wickliff, 9. Richard A. Buckner, 13. M. Beaty. 5. D. S. Patton, OHIO. Benjamin Ruggles, W. C. Kicker. 1. Joshua Collett, 8. John Codding, 14. John P. Coulter, 2. Ira Belknap, 9. Isaiah Morris, 15, Abell Remick, 3. George P. Torrence, 10. Jared P. Kirtland, 16. John L. Lacy, 4. Samuel Elliott, 11. Alexander Campbell, 17. Christian King, 5. Andrew McClany, 12. D. Hasbough, 18. Andrew Donnelly, 6. Mordecai Bartley, 13. William Kendall, 19. Samuel Newell. 7. Elijah Huntington, Mississippi. Thomas Hinds, R. H. Grant. 1. B. W. Edwards, 2. H. G. Runnels. LOUISIANA. J. B. Planche, Alexander Mouton. 1. T. U. Scott, 2. P. E. Bossier, 3. T. Landry. INDIANA. John C. Clendenin, Achilles Williams. 1. Hiram Decker, 4. A. L. White, 6. AM. G. Clark, 2. A. W. Morris, 5. Enoch McCarty, 7. A. P. Andrews. 3. Milton Stapp, MIs SOURI. George F. Bollinger, William Monroe. 1. John Sappington, 2. A. Bird. ARIKANSAS. John Miller, A. B. Anthony. 1. Joshua Morrison. MICHIGAN. Daniel Le Roy, William H. Hoeg. 1. David C. McKinstry. ILLINOIS. John Wyatt, Samuel Hachleton. 1. Samuel Leach, 2. John Pearson, 3. John D. Whitesides. AP P ND DIX. 51 PFOURTEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION- 1841. WILLIAMi HENRY HARRISON was elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote of Maine, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Vermont, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio, Louisiana, Mississippi, Indiana, and Michigan — 234. Martin Van Buren received the entire vote of New H3[ampshire, Virginia, South Carolina, Illinois, Alabama, Missouri, and Arkansas —60. JOHN TYLER was elected Vice-President, receiving 234 votes; while R. Mi. Johnson had 48, L. WV. Tazewell 11, and James K. Polk 1. The Electors were:I.AINEo Isaac Ilsley, Thomas Fillebrown. 1. Isaac Hodson, 4. Benjamin P. Gilman, 7. Charles Trafton, 2. E. Robinson, 5. Rufus K. Goodenow, 8. Thomas Robinson. 3. Samuel Small, 6. J. Huse, NEW HAM3IPSHIRE. Samuel Burns, S. Perley. 1. John Scott, 3. Samuel Hatch, 5. Andrew Paine, Jr. 2. J. W. Weeks, 4. F. Holbrook, VERMIONT. Samuel C. Crafts, John Conaut. 1. Ezra Meech, 3. William Henry, 5. Joseph Reed. 2.- A. B. W. Tenney, 4. William P. Briggs, MiASSACHUSETTS. Isaac C. Bates, Rufus Longley. 1. Peleg Sprague, 5. S. C. Phillips, 9. Thomas French, 2. Sidney Willard, 6. George Grinnel, Jr. 10. John B. Thomas, 3. Richard Houghton, 7. Samuel Mixter, 11. W. Wood, 4. Ira M. Barton, 8. Joseph Tripp, 12. J. Z. Goodrich. RiHODE ISLAND. Nicolas Brown, W. Weeden. 1. George Engs, 2. William Rhodes. CONNECTICUT. H. Spencer, Reuben Booth. 1. James Brewster, 3. A. Larrabee, 5. J. Green, 2. P. Pearl, 4. P. Bierce, 6, J. S. Peters. NSw YoRK. James Burt, 3Elisha Je nkins. 1. Abraham Rose, 5. John L. Lawrence, 9. J. P. Phoenix, 2. H. Watson, 6. A. McIntyre, 10. Josiah Hand, 3. John T. Harrison, 7. Joseph Tucker, 11. Richard S. Williams, 4. G. P. Griffith, 8. E. Stimson, 12. K. P. Cool, 52 APPENDIX. 1.3. P. Van Cortlandt, 23. Peter Pratt, 32. P. L. Tracey, 14. Jonathan Wallace, 24. Charles Bradish, 33. I. I. Speed, Jr. 15. B. White, 25. E. Merrick, 34. John Wheeler, 16. H. P. Voorhies, 26. Gideon Lee, 35. D. Hibbard, 17. N. Dubois, 27. J. Livingston, 36. Philo Orton, 18. Thomas Burch, 28. Grattan H. Wheeler, 37. John Williams, 19. Peter G. Sharp, 29. Isaac Ogden, 38. H. ZR. Seymour, 20. P. B. Porter, 80. William Garbutt, 39. B. D. Noxen, 21. John I. Knox, 31. Samuel Balcom, 40. Davis Hurd. 22. Albert Crane, NEW JERSEY. Lewis Condict, John Runk. 1. C. Stepton, 3. James Sliff, 5. J. M. Ryerson, 2. Samuel G. Wright, 4. Thomas Newbold, 6. Joshua Townsend. PENNSYLVANIA. J. A. Shulze, A. R. MlcIlvain. 1. J. Ritner, 11. A. Ellmaker, 20. T. M. T. McKennan, 2. Jo K. Zeilin, 12. William Addams, 21. John Reed, 3. L. Passmore, 13. John Harper, 22. H. Denny, 4. Robert Stimson, 14. B. Connelly, Jr. 23. A. B. Wilson, 5. J. P. Wetherell, 15. William MlcIlvain, 24. Joseph Buffington, 6. W. S. Hendrie, 16. Joseph Markle, 25. N. Middleswaith, 7. Thomas P. Cope, 17. J. Dickson, 26. Henry Black, 8. 1. J. Ross, 18. J. G. Fordyce, 27. George Walker, 9. F. Gillingham, 19. J. McKeehan, 28. John Dick. 10. Peter Filbert, DELAWARE. Benjamin Caulk, H. F. Hall. 1. Peter J. Causey. MARYLAND. David Hoffman, J. P. Kennedy. 1. J. L. Kerr, 4. Richard J. Bowie, 7. W. T. Woolton, 2. George Howard, 5. Jacob A. Preston, 8. Thomas A. Spence. 3, Theodore R. Lockerman, 6. James M. Coale, VIRGINIA. A. Smith, Richard Logan. 1. J. Cargill, 8. John Gibson, 15. J. Horner, 2. Archibald Stuart, 9. J. B. Halybirton, 16. James Hoge, 3. James Jones, 10. J. D. Williamson, 17. Richard E. Byrd, 4. William Tod, 11. J. T. Randolph, 18. William Byers, 5. William R. Baskeville, 12. William Taylor, 19. William A. Harris, 6. A. Brockenbrough, 13. W. Holladay, 20. Benjamin Brown, 7. Charles Yancey, 14. A. C. Chapman, 21. John Hurdman. APPENDIX. 53 NORTH CAROLINA. James Welborn, D. F. Caldwell. 1. Charles McDowell, 6. William W. Cherry, 10. Josiah Collins, 2. J. B. Kelly, 7. James S. Smith, 11. William L. Long, 3. D. iRamsour, 8. Thomas F. Jones, 12. James W. Bryan, 4. James Mebane, 9. Charles Manly, 18. Daniel B. Baker. 5. A. Rencher, SOUTH CAROLINA. John Crawford, J. L. Jeter. 1. J. J. Caldwell, 4. J. Buchanan, 7. W. McWillie, 2. W. H. Cannon, 5. H. J. Johnson, 8. J. Jenkins, 3. A. Mazyck, 6. F. J. Goodwyn, 9. John L. Ashe. GEORGIA. George R. Gilmer, A. Miller. 1. D. L. Clinch, 4. C. B. Strong, 7. Charles Dougherty, 2. W. W. Ezzard, 5. Joel Crawford, 8. J. Whitehead, 3. J. W. Campbell, 6. E. Wimberly, 9. S. Grantland. ALABAnIA. William K. Hallett, Joseph P. Frazier. 1. B. M. Lowe, 3. M. F. Rainey, 5. J. Murphy. 2. Benjamin Fitzpatrick, 4. Benjamin Reynolds, MIS SIS SIPPI. S. S. Prentiss, Thomas J. Word. 1. J. J. Stewart, 2. Henry Dickenson. TENNESSEE. E. H. Foster, Thomas I. Campbell. 1. S. Jarnagin, 5. William P. Senter, 9. J. H. C abal, 2. J. F. Morford, 6. James 0. Janes, 10. G. A. Henry, 3. Thomas D. Arnold, 7. A. A. Anderson, 11. E. J. Shields, 4. Thomas L. Bransford, 8. D. W. Dickenson, 12. George W. Gibbs. KENTUCKY. Richard A. Buckner, Charles G. Wintersmith. 1. James F. Morehead, 6. Daniel Breck, 10. M. P. Marshall, 2. Thomas W. Riley, 7. James W. Irwin, 11. James Harlan, 3. Robert Patterson, 8. R. H. Menefee, 12. A. Beatty, 4. William H. Field, 9. B. Y. Ousley, 13. W. W. Southgate. 5. Iredell Hart, OHIO. William R. Putnam, Reasin Beall. 1. Alexander Mayhew, 8. Aquila Toland, 14. John Carey, 2. Henry Harter, 9. Perley B. Johnson, 15. David King, 3. A. Spafford, 10. John Dukes, 16. Storm Rosa, 4. Joshua Collett, 11. Otho Brashear, 17. John Beatty, 5. Abram Miley, 12. James Raquel,\ 18. John Augustine, 6. Samuel F. Vinton, 13. C. S. Miller, 19. John Jameson. 7. John I. Vanmeter, 54 APPENDIX. INDIANA. J. McCarty, Joseph G. Marshall. 1. J. AW. Payne, 4. James H. Cravens, 6. William Herod, 2. Joseph L. White, 5. Caleb B. Smith, 7. Samuel C. Sample. 3. Richard W. Thompson, ILLINOIS. A. W. Snyder, J. A. Mc(lernand. 1. Isaac P. Walker, 2. James H. Ralston, 3. I. W. Eldridge. MICHIGANo Thomas J. Drake, H. G. Wells. 1. J. Van Fassen. LOUISIANA. William De Buys, Jacques Dupr6. 1. J. Birnard, 2. S. Lewis, 3. L. Barras. MIIssouvs. A. Byrd, James Holman. 1. E. Dobyns, 2. W. G. Meriwether. ARKANSAS. John McClellen, Samuel M. Rutherford. 1 John Miller. FIFTEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION-1845. JAMES K. POLK was elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote of Maine, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, South Carolina, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Indiana, Illinois, Alabama, Missouri, Arkansas, and Michigan —170. Henry Clay received the vote of Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Vermont, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Ohio —105. GEORGE M. DALLAS was elected Vice-President, receiving 170 votes; while T. Frelinghuysen had 105. The Electors were:MAINE. James W. Bradbury, John Foster. 1. John Stickney, 4. Levi Morrill, 6. Thomas Bartlett, 2. Ichabod Jordan, 5. J. A. Lowell, 7. Nathaniel Robinson. 3. Alfred Pierce, NEW HAeMPSHIRE. William Badger, Isaac I-Hale. 1. John McNeil, 8. E. R. Currier, 4. J. L. Putnam. 2. E. Sawyer, APPENDIX. 55 MASSACHUSETTS. Abbott Lawrence, A. R. Thompson. 1. Lewis Strong, 5. J. P. Allen, 8. Elijah Vose, 2. Charles Alle, - 6. C. B. Rising, 9. W. Baylies, 3. N. Appleton, 7. Homer Bartlett, 10. Seth Crowell. 4. W. B. Calhoun, RHODE IsLAND. Benjamin Weaver, John Greene. 1. Stephen Steere, 2. N. F. Dixon. CONNECTICUT. Clark Bissell, N. O. Kellogg. 1. Charles W. Rockwell, 3. S. A. Foote, 4. Truman Smith. 2. Joseph L. Gladding, VERMONT. J. II. Harris, C. Coolidge. 1. John Pick, 3 C. Townsley, 4. E. Fairbanks. 2. Benjamin Swift, NEw YORK. Benjamin F. Butler, John Nellis. 1. Daniel S. Dickenson, 13. J. J. Coddington, 24. John Lapham, 2. Clemence Whitaker, 14. Daniel Dana, 25. N. M. Martin, 3. Hugh Halsey, 15. Daniel Johnson, 26. J. D. Higgins, 4. A. Doane, 16. John Gillett, 27. J. K. Paige, 5. H. Thompson, 17. J. Crawford, 28. R. H. Shankland, 6. Thomas H. Hubbard, 18. J. E. Bogardus, 29. John Savage, 7. George Douglas, 19. William Murrey, 30. J. Hascall, Jr. 8. L. Pettengill, 20. J. Boynton, 31. William Heddlcing, 9. Neil Cray, 21. Jacobus Hoerolnburgh, 32. Rufus H. Smlith, 10. William Mason, 22. E. Johnson, 33. John Fay, 11. W. S. Havemayer, 23. J. L. Hogeboom, 34. A. Hogeboom. 12. H. Potts, NEW JERSEY. J. B. Ayerigg, John Emly. 1. Charles Reeves, 3. E. Q. Keasbeg, 5. A. Godwin. 2. E. Y. Rogers, 4. James Stewart, PENNSYLVANIA. Wilson McCandless, Jesse Sharp. 1. Asa Dimock, 9. John Hill, 17. James Woodburn, 2. N. W. Sample, 10. I. Brewster, 18. William Patterson, 3. G. F. Lehman, 11. Samuel E. Leech, 19. Hugh Montgomery, 4. William Heidenrich, 12. George Schnable, 20. A. Burke, 5. Christian Kneass, 13. Samuel Camp, 21. Isaac Ankeny, 6. Conrad Shimer, 14. N. B. Eldred, 22. John M. Gill, 7. William H. Smith, 15. William N. Irvine, 23. C. 3MIeyers, 8. Stephen Baldy, 16. John Matthews, 24. Robert Orr. 56 APPENDIX. DELAWARE. Alfred Du Pont, Thomas Davis. 1. Enoch Spruance. MARYLAND. William M. Gaither, William Price. 1. James B. Ricaud, i 3. Thomas S. Alexander, 5. H. E. Wright, 2. C. K. Stewart, 4. A. W. Bradford, 6. Samuel Hambleton. VIRGINIA. John S. Millson, W. H. Roane. 1. Thomas Wallace, 6. G. B. Samuels, 11. William Smith, 2. Richard Coke, Jr. 7. A. Stuart, 12. R. A. Thompson, 3. R. H. Baptiste, 8. James Hoge, 13. William P. Taylor, 4. H. Bedinger, 9. Thomas J. Randolph, 14. Joseph Johnson, 5. William Daniel, 10. H. S. Kane, 15. William S. Morgan. NORTH CAROLINA. William W. Cheny, Josiah Collins. 1. RI. B. Gilliam, 4. M. Q. Waddell, 7. James W. Osborne, 2. WV. H. Washington, 5. John Kern, 8. J. Horton, 3. D. B. Baker, 6. A. H. Shepard, 9. John Baxter. SOUTH CAROLINA. F. H. Elmore, F. W. Pickens. 1. J. D. Wetherspoon, 4. T. B. Skipper, 6. William Cairn, 2. H. C. Young, 5. L. Boozer, 7. R. De Treville. 3. F. W. luey, GEORGIA. Charles J. McDonald, Alfred Iverson. 1. B. Graves, 4. Charles Murphy, 7. William B. Wofford, 2. H. V. Johnson, 5. William F. Sanford, S. Eli H. Baxter. 3. R. M. Charlton, 6. George W. Towers, KENTUC:Y, P. Triplett, Greene Adams. 1. B. M. Crenshaw, 5. I. K. Underwood, 8. Leslie Coombs, 2. V. W. Southgate, 6. W. J. Gram, 9. John Kincard, 3. Benjamin Hardin, 7. R. A. Patterson, 10. L. W. Andrews. 4. W. R. Grigsby. OHIO. Thomas Corwin, Peter Hitchcock. 1. Bellamy Stover, 8. David Adams, 15. T. W. Bostwick, 2. Samson Mason, 9o Jos. Olds, 16. W. R. Sapp, 3. W. Bebb, 10. D. S. Norton, 17. J. W. Gill, 4. D. J. Cory, 11. W. W. Conklin, 18. Cyrus Spunk, 5. A. Harlan, 12. James K. Holcombe, 19. J. H. Baldwin, 6. J. Scott, 13. H. Chapin, 20. W. S. Perkins, 7. R. W. Clark, 14. J. Crooks, 21. John Fuller. APPENDIX. 57 TENNES SEE. John Bell, Robert L. Caruthers. 1. G. A. Henry, 5. R. H. Hynds, 9. H. L. Bransford, 2. J. H. Crozier, 6. N. S. Brown, 10. William T. Haskell, 3. J. A. R. Nelson, 7. Thomas R. Jennings, 11. Robertson Topp. 4. D. L. Barringer, 8. J. D. Tyler, LOUISIANA. G. Leonard, J. B. Planch6. 1. T. Landry, 3. A. E. Mouton, 4. S. W. Downes. 2. T. W. Scott, ISA. Fox, R. H. BooneSIPPI. -" A. Fox, Ri. H. Boone. 1. J. W. Matthews, 3. I-I. S. Foote, 4. Jefferson Davis. 2. Jos. Bell, INDIANA. James G. Reed, G. N. Fitch. 1. William A. Bowles, 5. William W. Wick, 8. H. W. Ellsworth, 2. Elijah Newland, 6. P. C. Dunning, 9. Charles W. Cathcart, 3. J. M. Johnston, 7. Austin M. Puett, 10. John Gilbert. 4. Samuel E. Perkins, ILLINOIS. A. W. Cavarly, William A. Richardson. 1. J. D. Wood, 4. Isaac N. Arhold, 6. John Calhoun, 2. John Dement, 5. A. C. French, 7. Norman H. Purple. 3. Willis Allen, MICHIGAN. Lewis Beaufait, George Redfield. 1. P. S. Paulding, 2. Charles P. Burch, 3. Samuel Arford. ALABAMA. R. B. Wathall, Daniel Hubbard. 1. W. R. Hallett, 4. J. J. Winston, 6. Jeremiah Clemens, 2. Dixon Hall, 5. J. A. Nooe, 7. William B. Martin. 3. Thomas S. Mays, ARKANSAS. W. W. Izard, Solon Borland. 1. W. S. Oldham. MIssOURI. James S. Green, William A. Hall. 1. W. P. Hall, 3. C. C. Jones, 5. William L. Sublette. 2. William Shields, 4. Franklin Cannon, 58 APPEND I X. SIXTEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION- 1849. ZACHARY TAYLOR Was elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Vermont, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Louisiana, and Florida-163 votes. Lewis Cass received the entire vote of Maine, New Hampshire, Virginia, South Carolina, Ohio, Mississippi, Indiana, Illinois, Alabama, Missouri, Arkansas, Michigan, Texas, Iowa, and Wrisconsin127 votes. MILLARD FILLMnoRE was elected Vice-President, receiving 163 votes; while William 0. Butler received 127. The Electors were: MAINE. Rufus MlcIntire, Thomas D. Robinson. 1. H. J. Anderson, 4. A. Masters, 6. Asa Clark, 2. A. Wiswell, 5. E. L. Osgood, 7. D. R. Stran. 3. 0. L. Sanborn, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Samuel Tilton, Jesse Bowers. 1. Joseph H. Smith, 3. R. H. Ayer, 4. Simeon Warner. 2. J. Eastman, MASSACHUSETTs. Levi Lincoln, David Pungree. 1. E. Dwight, 5. B. F. Thomas, 8. H. A. S. Dearborn, 2. D. Adams, 6. M. Lawrence, 9. William Baylies, 3. Albert Fearing, 7. A. Howland, 10. William K. Easton. 4. Isaac Livermore, RHODE ISLAND. William Sprague, George C. King. 1. I. T. Rhodes, 2. R. Babcock. CONNECTICUT. T. W. Williams, Solomon Olmsted. 1. E. Jackson, 2. J. McClellan, 3. J. B. Ferris. VERMONT. Erastus Fairbanks, Timothy Follett. 1. George T. Hodges, 8. A. L. Catlin, 4. E. Cleveland. 2. A. Tracy, NEW YORK. H. H. Ross, George Griswold. 1. A. T. Rose, 7. Jo. Hoxie, 13. J. McKie, 2. George Benson, S. J. S. Smith, 14. B. J. Clark, 3. J. M3. Cross, 9. J. Whittemore, 15. S. Freeman, 4. J. C. Cruger, 10. Robert Dorlan, 16. J. A. Collier, 5. D. Lord, 11. J. Seymour, 17. I. C. Duff, 6. T. D. Bull, 12. C. F. Crosby, 18. J. Bradley, APPENDIX. 59 19. William B. Welles, 25. S. Francher, 30. William Kelchum, 20. Daniel Larkin, 26. J. Davenport, 31. E. D. Smith, 21. Charles R. Barstow, 27. E. Sheldon, 32. 0. P. IHaskall, 22. 0. Poole, 28. D. E. Sill, 33. Asa Chatfield, 23. D. Kellogg, 29. Mv. Butterfield, 34. Solomon Parmalee. 24. B. F. Harwood, NEnw JERSEY. John Runk, Isaac V. Brown. 1. J. Brick, 3. Charles Burroughs, 5. Peter I. Ackerman. 2. Robert V. Armstrong, 4. C. Howell, PENNSYLVANIA. Thomas M. T. McKennan, Charles Snyder. 1. John P. Sanderson, 9. Thomas W. Duffield, 17. I. Landes, 2. W. G. Hurly, 10. William McIlvaine, 18. Joseph 5Markle, 3. J. G. Clarkson, 11. J. Dungan, 19. Joseph Shomacher, 4. Francis Tyler, 12. Charles W. Fisher, 20. Daniel Agnew, 5. J. P. Wetherill, 13. Daniel E. Hitner, 21. A. Mil. Loomis, 6. H. Johnson, 14. A. G. Curtin, 22. Thomas H. Sill, 7. J. M. Davis, 15. J. D. Steele, 23. Richard Ir-win, 8. William Calder, 16. Thomas R. Davidson, 24. Samuel A. Purviance. DELAWARE. P. Reybold, Samuel Cotts. 1. G. H. Wright. MARYLAND. W. L. Gaither, A. G. Ege. 1. Joseph S. Cottman, 3. J. M. S. Causin, 5. B. C. Wicker, 2. J. P. Roman, 4. J. M. Starris, 6. J. C. Derickson. VIRGINIA. J. S. Millson, H. G. Scott. 1. F. E. Rives, 6. G. B. Samuels, 11. J. S. Barbour,2 Sr. 2. Henry A. Wise, 7. W. M. Tredway, 2. A. G. Pendleton, 3. H. L. Hopkins, 8. John Letcher, 13. H. A. Washington, 4. Thomas Sloane, 9. S. F. Leake, 14. Samuel L. Haynes, 5. W. P. Bocock, 10. John B. Floyd, 15. O. W. Largefit. NORTH CAROLINA. Kenneth Rayner, H. W. Miller. 1. Edward Stanley, 4. J. Winslow, 7. Jas. W. Osborne, 2. W. H. Washington, 5. John Kerr, 8. Tod R. Caldwellj 3. George Davis, 6. Rawley Galloway, 9. John Baxton. SorTH CAROLINA. Benjamin F. Perry, Alexander Ervins. 1. Thomas Lehre, 4. W. J. Hanna, 6. J. B. Campbell, 2. J. L. Manninfgu 5. N. R. Eaves, 7. Benjamin G. Allston. 3. P. C. CalCdwell, 60 APPENDIX. GEOR GIA. William Terrell, Seaton Grantland. 1. H. W. Sharpe, 4. Asbury Hull, 7. William Moseley, 2. W. Aiken, 5. A. W. Redlding, 8. George Stapleton. 3. Willlam H. Crawford, 6. Y. P. King, KENTUCKY. A. Dixon, rM. V. Thomson. 1. L. Lindsay, 5. T. W. Lisle, 8. Leslie Coombs, 2. J. L. Johnson, 6. M. D. McHenry, 9. A. Trumbo, 3 F. E. McLean, 7. B. It. Young, 10. W. C. Marshall. 4. William Chenault, TENNES SEE. James C. Jones, John Netherland. 1. T. A. R. Nelson, 5. William Kercheval, 9. A. Goodrich, 2. A. G. Watkins, 6. S. E. Rose, 10. G. D. Searcy, 3. R. B. Brabson, 7. J. S. Brien, 11. C. H. Williams. 4. John L. Goodall, 8. William Cullom, OHIO. L. Byington, Samuel Starkweather. 1. J. Sniden, S. D. T. Swinney, 15. D. A. Starkweather, 2. George Kesling, 9. Lewis Anderson, 16. J. B. Butler, 3. J. Kinney, 10. John Lidey, 17. H. B. Payne, 4. G. Volney Dorsey, 11. William Lawrence, 18. A. Ives, 5. C. M. Godfrey, 12. William J. Fry, 19. John Caldwell, 6. S. Diffenderfer, 13. Joseph Burnis, 20. John Glover, 7. S. M. Littell, 14. W. McDonald, 21. Van. S. Murphy. LOUISIANA. Jacques Joutant, J. P. Benjamin. 1. M. J. Carcia, 3. John Moore, 4. J. G. Campbell. 2. C. Adams, Jr. MISSISSIPPI. J. A. Quitman, J. W. Chalmers. 1. D. B. Wright, 3. William MeWillie, 4. G. W. L. Smith. 2. J. A. Ventress, INDIANA. Robert Dale Owen, E. M. Chamberlain. 1. N. Albertson, 5. James Ritchey, 8. Daniel Mace, 2. C. L. Dunham, 6. George W. Carr, 9. G. N. Fitch, 3. William M. McCarty, 7. I. M. Hanna, 10. A. J. Harlan. 4. Charles H. Test, ILLINOIS. I. Manning, Ferris Foreman. 1. M. Sweny, 4. H. W. Vandervier, 6. M. E. Hollister, 2. C. Lansing, 5. S. S. Hayes, 7. W. L. Furgerson. 3. William Martin, APPENDIX. 61 ALABAMA. John A. Winston, Columbus WV. Lee. 1. J. E. Saunders, 4. James Armstrong, 6. C. C. Clay, Jr. 2. Lewis MI. Stone, 5. J. J. Seibels, 7. James F. Dowdell. 3. Francis S. Lyon, MIs sounI. J. C. Welborn, G. D. Hall. 1. Abraham McKinney, 3. E. B. Ewing, 5. Tristam Polk. 2. B. T. Massey, 4. James H. Rolfe, ARKANSAS. John Martin, John S. Krane. 1. James Yell. MICHIGAN. John S. Barry, L. M. AMason. 1. Rix Robinson, 2. H. C. Turbur, 3. William T. Howell. FLORIDA. Jackson ~Morton, Samuel Spencer. 1. J. E. McIntosh. TEXAS. James B. Miller, T. G. Brooks. 1. William C. Young, 2. M. A. Dooley. IOWA. A. C. Dodge, J. J. Selman. 1. Joseph Williams, 2. Lincoln Clark. WISCONSIN. F. Huebschmann, Samuel F. Nichols. 1. William Din-widclie, 2. D. P. Mapes. SEVENTEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION -1853. FRANKLIN PIERCE was elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote of Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Miississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Iowa, Wisconsin, and California-296. Winfield Scott received the vote of Vermont, Massachusetts, Tennessee, and Kentucky-42. WILLIAMIt R. KING Was elected Vice-President, receiving 254 votes; while William A. Graham had 42. The Electors were:MAINE. R. Mclntire, J. C. Talbot. 1. G. F. Shepley, 3. I. H. Fuller, 6. D. Richardson, 2. R. Lowell, 4. 0. Mores, 6. J. W. Tabor. 62 APPENDIX. NEW HAMP S IRIE. H. Hubbard, L. Jones 1. J. A. Douglas, 2. S. Webster, 3. N. B. Baker. VERMONT. Porters Baxter, A. P. Lyman. 1. E. P. Walton, 2. E. Kirkland, 3. L. Adams. MASSACHUSETTS. R. C. Winthrop, J. H. W. Page. 1. George Bliss, 5. E. Torrey, 9. J. Coggin, 2. J. Gardner, 6. George A. Crocker, 10. R. Bullock, 3. R. G. Shaw, 7. Amos Lawrence, 11. E. R. Colt. 4. George Coggswell, 8. Daniel C. Baker, RHODE ISLAND. George Turner, A. Ballou. 1. A. Eddy. 2. J. Spink. CONNECTICUT. Thomas H. Seymour, N. Belcher. 1. A. P. Hyde, 3. S. Bingham, 4. William F. Taylor. 2. Charles Parker, NET YoaRx. S. B. Piper, Charles O'Conor. 1. P. S. Crooke, 12. L. Van Buren, 28. T. II. Hubbard, 2. E. B. Litchfield, 13. J. Pierson, 24. T. G. McDowell, 3. R. T. Compton, 14. J. W. Bishop, 25. S. G. Hathaway, 4. J. MI. Marsh, 15. C. Vosburgh, 26. F. C. Divinny, 5. I. Murphy, 16. Thomas Crook, 27. D. De Wolf, 6. William H. Cornell, 17. W. C. Crain, 28. D. Warners, 7. G. F. Conover, 18. William Taylor, 29. J. C. Collins, 8. A. F. ~ache, 19. C. S. Grinnell, 30. T. B. Skinner, 9. E; Suffern, 20. W. C. Beardsley, 31. William Vandervoort, 10. Alexander Thompson, 21. L. J. Walworth, 32. W. L. G. Smith, 11. Zadock Pratt, 22. D. A. Ogden, 33. Benjamin Chamberlain. NEW JERSEY. V. D. Vroom, William Wright. 1. William S. Bowen, 3. P. B. Kennedy, 5. E. A. Stevens. 2. G. Black, 4. J. N. Taylor, PENNSYLVANIA. H. MicCandless, Riobert Patterson. 1. N. B. Eldred, 6. H. McCoy, Jr. 11. R. E. James, 2. Peter Logan, 7. A. Apple, 12. J. McReynolds, 3. George H. Martin, 8. N. Strickland, 13. Pardon Damon, 4. I. Miller, 9. A. Peters, 14. H. C. Eyer, 5. F. W. Bockius, 10. D. Fister, 15. J. Clayton, APPENDIX. 63 16. Isaac Robinson, 20. J. McDonald, 23. William Dunn, 17. H. Fetten, 21. W. S. Callahan, 24. J. S. McCalmont, 18. J. Burnside, 22. A. Burke, 25. George K. Barrett. 19. M. McCaslin, DELAWARE. J. Merritt, William I. Clark. 1. Henry Bacon. MARYLAND. R. M. McLane, C. Humphries. 1. J. Parren, 3. Carroll Spence, 5. J. A. Wickes, 2. R. 11. Alvey, 4. C. J. M. Gwinne, 6. E. K. Wilson. VIRGINIA. M. Cooke, A. H. Dillard. 1. T. Rives, 6. R. L. Montague, 10. James McDowell, 2. W. E. Flournoy, 7. James Barbour, 11. J. B. Floyd, 3. J. Goode, Jr. 8. Rt. Tucker, 12. M. H. Johnson, 4. R. G. Scott, 9. George E. Deneale, 13. Z. Kidwell. 5. H. A. Wise, NORTH CAROLINA. James C. Dobbin, William 11. Thomas. 1. Burton Craige, 4. A. Rencher, 7. D. G. W. Ward, 2. W. F. Leak, 5. L. O. B. Branch, S. Thomas Bragg. 3. Robert PE.Dick 6. Samuel J. Person, SOUTH CAROLINA. G. Cannon, Thomas P. Brockman. 1. J. H. Adams, 3. I. F. Marshall, 5. W. D. Porter, 2. R. F. W. Allston, 4. M. E. Carn, 6. C. G. Memminger. GEORGIA. Wilson Lumpkin, H. V. Johnson. 1. T. M. Forrman, 4. H. A. Haralson, 7. R. W. Flournoy, 2. H. HC. Clarke, 5. I. E. Brown, 8. William Schley. 3. H. G. Lamar, 6. William L. Mitchell, FLORIDAo Jesse Coe, McQueen McIntosh. 1. J. C. Smith. ALABAMAo J. A. Winston, E. Saunders. 1. F. S. Lyon, 4. L. M. Stone, 6. C. C. Clay, Jr. 2. J. S. Seibels, 5. Jas. Armstrong, 7. J. S. Dowdell. 3. C. W. Lee, MIS I SIPPI, E. C. Wilkinson, A. M. Jackson. 1. W. H. Johnson, 3. J. H. R. Taylor, 5. Hiram Casseday~ 2. 0. K. Singleton, 4. U. S. Featherston, 64 APPEN DI XO LOUISIANA. E. Warren Moise, T. G. Davidson. 1. J. B. Planch6, 3. T. Landry, 4. R..V. Richardsono 2. Thomas 0. Moore. TEXAS. George W. Smyth, R. S. Neighbors. ARKANSAS. H. M. Rector, J. A. Carter. 1. T. B. Flournoy, 2. B. T. Duval. TENNESSEE. G. A. HIenry, William T. Haskell. 1. N. G. Taylor, 5. J. Stokes, 8. J. A. McEtwen, 2. _. AIay ar~d, 6. J. {M. Davidson, 9. A. G. Shrewsbury, 3. George Brown, 7. E. R. Osborne, 10. J. R. Moseby. 4. S. M. Fite, KENTUCKY. J. F. Bell, Charles S. Morehead. 1. L. Anderson, 5. J. L. Helm, 8. J. Rodman, 2. J. S. McFarland, 6. C. F. Burnan, 9. L. M. Cox, 3. J. G. Rogers, 7. Thomas F. Marshall, 10. Thomas B. Stevenson. 4. Thomas E. Bramlette, 01-o. W. MIcLean, William Palmer. 1. B. Burns, 8. H. J. Jewett, 15. Joseph Kyle, 2. J. B. Damble, 9. E. G. Dial, 16. J. Finley, 3. Charles Rule, 10. W. 0. IKey, 17. F. Cleveland, 4. William Golden, 11. L. K. Steedman. 18. S. D. Harris. 5. G. W. Stokes, 12. C. HI; Mitchener, 19. E. T. Wilder, 6. O. Keyser, 13. C. J. Orton, 20. E. H. Haines, 7. R. C. Cunningham, 14. E. T. McArtor, 21. B. T. Johnson. MN'HICI-1Gw4N. J. S. Barry, D. J. Campau. 1. A. Edwards, 3. Salmer Sharpe, 4. John Stockton. 2. William McCauley, INDIANA. John Pettit, Nathaniel Balton. 1. J. H. Lane, 5. Jas. S. Athon, 9. E. Dumont, 2.. F. orrison, 6. George B. Buell, 10. A. H. Brown, 3. J. F. Read, 7. Jas. S. Hester, 11. J. M1. Talbott. 4. W. C. Larabee, 8. Sanmuel A. Hall, ILLINOIS. J. A. McCle!Iand, Richard J. Hamilton. 1. John Calhoun, 4. Vierby Benedict, 7. Jas. Mahon, 2. E. G. Sanger, 5. D. L. Gregg, 8. Joseph Knox, 3. E. P. Ferry, 6. E. O'Melveny, 9. C. A. Warren. APPENDIX. 65 Missouti. E. D. Bevritt, Alexander Kayser. 1. H. F. Gary, 4. J. D. Stevenson, 6. J. M. Gatewood, 2. William D. McCracken, 5. C. F. Holly, 7. Robert E. Acock. 3. C. F. Jackson, IOWA. J. E. Fletcher, George H. Williams. 1. A. Hall, 2. W. E. Leffingwell. WISCONSIN. M. M. Cothren, Charles Billinghurst. 1. B. Brown, 2. Philo White, 3. S. Clark. CALIFORNIA. W. S. Sherwood, Thomas J. Henley. 1. J. W Gregory, 2. Andrew Pico. EIGHTEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION-1857. JAMES BUCHANAN Was elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina Georgia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Louisiana, Mississippi, Indiana, Illinois, Alabama, Missouri, Arkansas, Florida, Texas, and California-173. J. C. Fremont received the entire vote of Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Vermont, New York, Ohio, Michigan, lowa, and Wisconsin-114. Millard Fillmore received the vote of -Maryland-8. JOHN C. BRECKINRIDGE was elected Vice-President, receiving 17 3 votes; while W. L. Dayton had 114, and A. J. Donelson 8. The Electors were:MIAINE. Noah Smith, Jr. S. Perham. 1. James Morton, 3. K. Crockett, 5. A. P. Emerson, 2. Isaac Gross, 4. E. Swan, 6. M. H. Pike. NEW HAIIBPSHIIRE. W. H. H. Bailey, Thomas L. Whitton. 1. Daniel Clarke, 2. Thomas:M. Edwards, 3. J. H. White. VERMONT. W. C. Bradley, George W. Strong. 1. L. Brainard, 2. John Porter, 3. Porter Baxter. 5* ~66 APPENDIX. M!AS SA(CHUSETTS. Thomas Colt, Julius Rockwell. 1. J. Vinson, 5. L. B. Marsh, 9. J. S. C. Knowlton, 2. A. B. Wheeler, 6. George HI. Devereux, 10. Charles E. Forbes, 3. G. R. Russell, 7. James M. Usher, 11. Franklin Ripley. 4. George Odiorne, 8. J. Nesmith, RHODE ISLAND. E. W. Lawton, Isaac Saunders. 1. William P. Bullock, 2. William D. Brayton. CONNECTICUT. H. Dutton, J. Catlin, 1. Thomas Clark, 3. Wm. A. Buckingham, 4. S. W. Gold. 2. E. Spencer, NEW YORK. M. H. Grinnell, Thomas Carnley. 1. J. S. Wadsworth, 12. H. H. Van Dyck, 23. A. Davenport, 2. E. Field, 13. J. S. Belcher, 24. Le Roy Morgan, 3. M. Tompkins, 14. J. C. Hulbert, 25. E. Burnham, 4. J. P. Jones, 15. D. D. Conover, 26. Mi. IH. Lawrence, 5. A. P. Stanton, 16. J. D. Kingsland, 27. J. B. Williams, 6. E. Cooke, 17. S. Stilwell, 28. Isaac L. Endress, 7. James Kennedy, 18. D. Cady, 29. F. Clarke, 8. R. A. Barnard, 19. R. S. Hughston, 30. W. S. Mallory, 9. H. Raster, 20. W. S. Sayre, 31. W. Keep, 10. J. G. McMurray, 21. J. S. Lynch, 32. R. Wheeler, 11. J. Kelly, 22. D. I11. Marsh, 33. Delos E. Sill. NEW JERSEY. E. A. Stevens, G. F. Fort. 1. Benjamin F. Lee, 3. D. Von Fleet, 5. George W. Savage. 2. H. L. Little, 4. H. A. Ford, PENNSYLVANIA. Charles K. Buckalew, W. McCandless. 1. G. W. Nebinger, 10. Isaac Stenker, 18. J. D. Roddy, 2. P. Butler, 11. F. W. Hughes, 19. J. Turney, 3. [E. Wartman, 12. T. Osterhout, 20. James A. T. Buchanan, 4. William H. Witte, 13. A. Edninger, 21. William Wilkins, 5. J. McNair, 14. R. Wilbur, 22. J. C. Campbell, 6. J. H. Brinton, 15. George A. Crawford, 23. Thomas Cunningham, 7. D. Laury, 16. James Black, 24. J. Keattey, 8. Charles Kessler, 17. H. J. Stahle, 25. V. Phelps. 9. James Patterson, DELAWARE. George C. Gordon, H. Ridgeley. 1. Charles Wright. APPENDI X. 67 MARYLAND. J. D. Roman, James Wallace. 1. R. Goldsborough, 3. C. C. L. Leary, 5. F. A. Schley, 2. E. HI. Webster, 4. Thomas Swann, 6. A. R. Sollers. VIRGINIA. E. W. Massenburg, A. H. Dillard. 1. T. H. Campbell, 6. R. L. Montague, 10. A. G. Pendleton, 2. James Garland, 7. James Barbour, 11. J. B. Floyd, 3. J. Goode, Jr. 8. J. R. Tucker, 12. S. L. Hayes, 4. Alexander Jones, 9. J. J. Harris, 13. Sherrard Clemens. 5. William B. Taliaferro, NORTH CAROLINA. H. M. Shaw, S. P. Hill. 1. W. F. Martin, 4. G. H. Wilder, 7. R. P. Waring, 2. William P. Blow, 5. S. E. Williams, 8. W. W. Avery. 3. M. B. Smith, 6. Thomas Settle, Jr. SOUTH CAROLINA. J. A. Inglis, J. L. Nowell. 1. W. A. Owens, 3. J. J. Pickens, 5. F. W. Pickens, 2. B. T. Watts, 4. J. Chesnut, Jr. 6. J. L. Manning. GEORGIA. W. H. Stiles, J. N. Ramsay. i. J. L. Harris, 4. J. W. Lewis, 7. J. P. Saffold 2. L. J. Gartrell, 5. S. Hall, S. T. W. Thomas. 3. Thomas MI. Fournan, 6. J. P. Simmons, FLORIDA. M. A. Long, WP. D. Barnes. 1. George W. Call. ALABAIA. W. L. Yancey, J. W. A. Sanford. 1. L. P. Walker, 4. J. D. Rathers; 6. W. O. Winston, 2. J. G. Barr, 5. J. L. Pugh, 7. J. L.: M. Curry. 3. A. B. Meek, MISSISSIPPI, C. S. Tarpley, J. W. Matthews. 1. J. F. Cushman, 3. B. Matthews, 5. H. T. Ellett. 2. J. A. Orr, 4. William M. Estelle, LOUISIANA. C. J. Villerre, W. A. Elmore. 1. T. Landry, 3. T. 0. Moore, 4. H. Gray. 2. J. McVe, 68 AP PPENDIX. TEXAS. William R. Scurry, M. D. Ector. 1. A. J. Hood, 2. A. J. Hamilton. ARKANSAS. L. H. Hempstead, N. B. Burrow. 1. J. J. Green, 2. J.~Coy TENNESSEE. W. H. Polk, D. M. Key. 1. J. G. Harris, 5. J. M. McHenry, 8. G. G. Poindexter, 2. E. L. Gardenhire, 6. J. H. Thomas, 9. J. D. C. Atkins, 3. S. Pawel, 7. J. J. Brown, 10. D. M. Currin. 4. E. A. Keeble, KENTUCKY. E. Hise, J. A. Finn. 1. J. W. Stevenson, 5. George W. Williams, 8. R. W. Woolley, 2. S. Cravens, 6. Benjamin F. Rice, 9. R. H. Stanton, 3. I. T. Hawkins, 7. William D. Reed, 10. Hiram Kelsey. 4. B. Magoffin, OHIo. C. B. Smith, J. B. Stallo. 1. J. Perkins, 8. J. R. Hubbell, 15. J. M. Hodge, 2. R. M. Corwine, 9. R. G. Pennington, 16. Davis Green, 3. P. Odlin, 10. F. Cleaveland, 17. M. Pennington, 4. J. S. Conklin, 11. J. Welch, 18. J. S. Herrick, 5. William Taylor, 12. D. Humphrey, 19. A. Wilcox, 6. E. P. Evans, 13. H. D. Cooke, 20. J. Dumas, 7. W. H. P. Dennys, 14. E. Pardee, 21. A. E. Burs. MICHIGAN. F. C. Beaman, O. Johnson. 1. H. Chamberlain, 3. C. H. Millen, 4. Thomas J. Drake. 2. W. H. Withey, INDIANA. G. N. Fitch, M. M. Ray. 1. S. H. Buskirk, 5. S. K. Wolfe, 9. D. D. Jones, 2. J. M. Hanna, 6. O. Evarts, 10. S. Mickle, 3. W. T. Parrett, 7. S. W. Short, 11. E. Johnson. 4. I. S. McClelland, 8. F. P. Randall, ILLINOIS. A. M. Herrington, C. H. Constable. 1. M. L. Joslyn, 4. I. P. Richmond, 7. W. A. J. Sparks, 2. Hugh Maher, 5. S. W. Moulton, 8. J. A. Logan. 3. R. Holloway, 6. 0. B. Ficklin, APPENDIX. 69 IOWA. D. F. Miller, IH. T. Downey. 1. W. M. Stone, 2. H. O. Connor. CALIFORNIAo A. Olvera, George Freaner. 1. P. Della Torre, 2. A. C. Bradford. MissoUnRIt J. B. Henderson, J. B. Benjamin. 1. W. Y. Slack, 4. J. T. Coffee, 6. W. D. McCracken, 2. J. N. Burns, 5. F. Kenneth, 7. L. Cooke. 3. J. W. Torbert, WISCONSIN. E. D. Holton, W. D. McIndoe. 1. I. H. Knowlton, 2. Billie Williams, 38. G. Menzel. 70 APPENDIX. THE SUPREMiIE COURT OF THE UNITED STATES. CHIEF JUSTICES. JOHN JAY, of New York, appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, September 26, 1789. Nominated April 16, and confirmed April 19, 1794, Envoy Extraordinary to England. Resigned as Chief Justice. Successor appointed July 1, 1795. JOHN RUTLEDGE, of South Carolina, appointed July 1, 1795, in recess of Senate, in place of John Jay resigned, and presided on the bench at August term, 1795. Nominated December 10, and rejected by the Senate December 15, 1795. WILLIAM CUSHING, of Massachusetts. Nomination confirmed and appointed, etc. January 27, 1796, in place of John Jay, resigned. Declined the appointment. IHe was then an Associate Justice..OLIVER ELLSWORTH, of Connecticut. Nomination confirmed and appointed, etc. March 4, 1796, in place of W. Cushing, declined. Appointed Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to France, February 27, 1799. He presided on the Bench at the August term, 1799. Proceeded on his mission to France, November 3, 1799. Resigned as Chief Justice. Successor appointed December 19, 1800. JOHN JAY, Governor of New York. Nomination confirmed and appointed, etc. December 19, 1800, in place of Oliver Ellsworth, resigned. Declined the appointment. JOHN MARSHALL, Secretary of State.* Nomination confirmed January 27, and appointed, etc. January 31, 1801, in place of John Jay, declined. Died in 1835. ROGER B. TANEY, of Maryland. Nomination confirmed and appointed, etc. March 15. 1836, in the place of John Marshall, deceased. d John Marshall, Secretary of State, was nominated to the Senate as Chief Justice, January 20, 1801, was confirmed on the 27th, commissioned on the 31st, and presided on the bench of the Supreme Court from the 4th to the 9th of February, or during February term, 1801. From a message of the President to Congress, accompanied by a report from John Marshall, Secretary of State, dated February 27, 1801, it appears that he also continued to act in the latter capacity until that day, and from other circumstances, that he continued to act as such until March 3, 1801, on which day the then administration terminated. APPENDIX. 71 ASSOCIATE JUSTICES OF THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES. JOHN RUTLEDGE, of South Carolina. Nomination confirmed and appointed September 26, 1789. Resigned, and Thomas Johnson appointed. WILLIAM CUSHING, of Massachusetts. Nomination confirmed September 26, and appointed September 27, 1789. Died, and Levi Lincoln appointed. JAMIES WVILSON, of Pennsylvania. Nomination confirmed September 26, and appointed September 29, 1789. Died, and Bushrod VWashington appointed. JOHN BLAIR, of Virginia. Nomination confirmed September 26, and appointed September 30, 1789. Resigned, and Samuel Chase appointed. RORERT H-. HARRIsON, of Maryland. Nomination confirmed September 26, 1789. Resigned, and James Iredell appointed. JAMIES IREDELL, of North Carolina. Appointed in recess of Senate, in place of Robert H. Harrison, resigned. Nomination confirmed and appointed February 10, 1790. Died, and Alfred Moore appointed. THoiArs JOHNSON, of Maaryland. Appointed ALiugust 5, 1791, in recess of Senate, in place of John Rutledge, resigned. Nomination confirmed and appointed November 7, 1791. Resigned, and William Paterson appointed. WILLIAAI PATERSON, Governor of New Jersey. Nomination confirmed and appointed March 4, 1793, in place of Thomas Johnson, resigned. Died, and Brockholst Livingston appointed. SAMUEL CHASE, of Maryland. Nomination confirmed and appointed January 27, 1796, in place of John Blair, resigned. Died, and Gabriel Duval appointed. BusIROD VASHINGTON, of Virginia. Appointed September 29, 1798, in recess of Senate, in place of James Wilson, deceased. Nomination confirmed and ap-. pointed December 30, 1798. Died, and Henry Baldwin appointed. ALFRED M[OORE, of North Carolina. Nomination confirmed and appointed December 10, 1799, in place of James Iredell, deceased. Resigned, and W7illiam Johnson appointed. WILLIAM JOHNSON, of South Carolina. Nomination confirmed and appointed March 26, 1804, in place of Alfred Moore, resigned. (Confirmed and appointed Collector of the Customs, February 22, 1819, and declined the appointment.) Died in 1834, and James M. Wayne appointed. THOMIAS TODD, of Kentucky. NTomination confirmed March 2, and appointed March 3, 1807. BROCIIIIOLST LIVINGSTON, of New York. Appointed November 10, 1806, in recess of Senate, in place of William Paterson, deceased. Nomination confirmed and appointed December 17, 1806. Died, and Smith Thompson appointed. LEVI LINCOLN, of Massachusetts. Nomination confirmed and appointed January 3, 1811, in place of William Cnushing, deceased. Declined the appointment, and John Quincy Adams appointed. 72 APPENDIX. JOHIN QUINCY ADA MS, of Massachusetts. Nomination confirmed and appointed February 22, 1811, in place of Levi Lincoln, declined. Declined the appointment, and Joseph Story appointed. JOSEPH STORY, of Massachusetts. Nomination confirmed and appointed November 18, 1811, in place of John Quincy Adams, declined. Died, and Levi Woodbury appointed. GABRIEL I)uvAL, of Maryland. Nomination confirmed and appointed Novemzber 18, 1811, in the place of Samuel Chase, deceased. Resigned, and Philip P. Barbour appointed. SMITH TtHOMIPSON, of New York. Appointed September 1, 1823, in recess of the Senate, in place of Brockholst Livingston, deceased. Nomination confirmed and appointed December 9, 1823. Died, and Samuel Nelson appointed. ROBERT TRIMBLE, of Kentucky. Nomination confirmed and appointed May 9, 1826, in the place of Thomas Todd, deceased. Died, and John McLean appointed. JOI-IN MCLEAN, Of Ohio. Nomination confirmed and appointed March 7, 1829, in the place of Robert Trimble, deceased. HEENRY BALDWIN, of Pennsylvania. Nomination confirmed and -appointed January 6, 1830, in place of Bushrod Washington, deceased. Died, and R. C. Grier appointed. JAmES M. WAYNE, of Georgia. Nomination confirmed and appointed January 9, 1835, in place of William Johnson, deceased. PHILIP P. BARBOUR, of Virginia. Nomination confirmed and appointed March 15, 1836, in place of Gabriel Duval, resigned. Died, and P. V. Daniel appointed. JOHN CATRON, of Tennessee. Nomination confirmed and appointed March 8, 1837. WVILLIA SMIITH, of Alabama. Nomination confirmed and appointed March 8, 1837. Declined the appointment, and John McKinley appointed. JOHN MCKINLEY, of Alabama. Appointed April 22, 1837, in recess of the Senate, in place of William Smith, declined. Nomination confirmed and appointed September 25, 1837. PETER V. DANIEL, of Virginia. Nomination confirmed and appointed March 3, 1841, in place of Philip P. Barbour, deceased. SAMUEL NELSON, of New York. Nomination confirmed and appointed February 14, 1845, in place of Smith Thompson, deceased. LE~vI WOODBURY, of New Hampshire. Appointed September 20, 1845, in recess of the Senate, in place of Joseph Story, deceased. Nomination confirmed and appointed January 3, 1846. ROBERT C3. -RIER, of Pennsylvania. Nomination confirmed and appointed August 4, 1846, in place of Henry Baldwin, deceased. BENJAIIN ROBBINS CURTIS, of Massachusetts. Appointed during the recess of the Senate, in place of Levi Woodbury, deceased. Nomination confirmed and appointed December 20, 1851. Resigned. JAMES A. CAMPBELL, of Alabama. Appointed in 1853. NATHAN CLIFFORD, of Maine. Appointed in 1858, APPENDI X. 73 CLERKS OF THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES. JOHN TUCKER, of Massachusetts, appointed February 3, 1790. Resigned. SAMUEL BAYARD, of Delaware, appointed August 1, 1791. Resigned. ELIAS B1. CALDWELL, of New Jersey, appointed August 15, 1800. Died. WILLIAM GRIFFITH, of New Jersey, appointed February 9, 1826. Died. WAILLIAM T. CARROLL, District of Columbia, appointed January 20,1827. Present incumbent. REPORTERS OF DECISIONS OF THE SUPREME COURT. ALEXANDER J. DALLAS, reported from 1789 to 1800, inclusive. WILLIAM CRANCH, " 1801 to 1815, HENRY WHEATON, " " 1816 to 1827, RICHARD PETERS, JR. " " 1828 to 1842, " BENJAMIN C. HOWARD, " " 1843. Present incumbent. MARSHALS OF THE UNITED STATES ATTENDANT ON THE SUPREME COURT. Under the construction of the Judiciary Act of 1789, the Marshals of all the Districts were required to attend the sessions of the Supreme Court, until, by the act of June 9, 1794, the Marshal of the district alone in which the Court shall sit was required to attend its sessions. DAVID LENOX, Marshal of the District of Pennsylvania, attended from January 28, 1794, to February, 1801. DANIEL CARROLL BRENT, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended froml August 3, 1801, to August, 1808. WASHINGTON BOYD, MIarshal of the District of Columbia, attended from February 1, 1808, to August, 1818. TENCH RINGGOLD, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from November 30, 1818, to A ugust, 1831. HENRY ASHTON, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from February 4, 1831, to February, 1834. ALEXANDER HUNTER, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from March 6, 1834, to December, 1848. ROBERT WALLACE, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from December 5, 1848, to December, 1849. RICHARD WALLACH, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from December 4, 1849, to May, 1853. JONAH D. HOOVER, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from May 31, 1853, to April, 1858. WILLIAM SELDEN, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from April 1, 1858, t6 present time. MINISTERS TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES. A LIST OF DIPLOMIATIC APPOINTMENTS MADE BETWEEN 1789 AND 1858, BOTH INCLUSIVE. AN asterisk affixed to a name indicates that the individual has been a member of Congress, and that further information concerning him may be found, under the proper head, in the body of the work. En. Ex. and Min. Plen. signifies Envoy Extraordinary and l Minister Plenipotentiary. (74) Name. B~ce. Place. When ap- Rlemarks. Name. Office. Place. pointed. *Adanms, John Q...M.................... Minister Resident. Netherlands. 1794 Authorized in 1795 to exchange the ratifications of Jay's Treaty of 1794 with..~...............i.......... Mnister Plenipotentiary. Portugal. 1796 Great Britain; in 1797, to negotiate concerning the renewal of the treaty.......................Prussia. 1797 hetween the United States and Sweden; in 1818, jointly with Albert Gal"c ".......Russia. 1809 latin and James A. Bayard, to meet, under the mediation of Russia, a Min-....................En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Great Britain. 1815 ister from Great Britain, and negotiate a treaty of peace; in 1814, jointly with James A. Bayard, Albert Gallatin, Henry Clay, and Jonathan Rnssel, to negotiate a treaty with Great t Britain at Ghent. *Anderson, Richard C................... Minister Plenipotentiary. Colomhia. 1823 Appointed in 1826, jointly with John M Sergeant, En. Ex. and Min. Plen. to the Assemhly of American Nations L proposed to be h~eld at Panama. X Anderson, Charles E.................. Secretary of Legation. France. 1886 *Allen, Reman...........M............... Minister Plenipotentiary. Chile. 1823 Angel, Benjamin F.........M........ Minister Resident. Sweden. 1857 *Appleton, John........................... Charge d'Affaires. Bolivia. 1848,L........................... I Secretary of Legation. Great Britain. 1853......................Charge d'Affaires. Great Britain. 1855 Appleton, John J....................... Secretary of Legation. Portugal. 1819................... 4Spain. 1822........................ Charge d'Affaires. Two Sicilies. 1825 (L ( (L L Sweden. 1826 *Armstrong, John........................ Minister Plenipotentiary. France. 1804 Appointed, jointly with James Bowdoin, Coin. Plen. and Ex. to negotiate a treaty with Spain. Aulick, John H........................... Captain U. S. Navy. Japan. 1851 Authorized to negotiate a treaty with Japan. -T __T Name. Office. Place. When ap- iemarks. Pointed. Rmrs Baber, Ambrose.......................... Charge d'Affaires. Sardinia. 1841 Bacon, John E.........................? Secretary of Legation. Russia. 1858 *Bagby, Arthur P................ Envoy and Min. Plea. Russia. 1848 Bainbritlge, William..................... Captain U. S. Navy. Algiers. 1815 Appointed, jointly with W. Shaler ant S. Decatur, to negotiate a treaty with Algiers. Balestier, Joseph.....................S.. pecial Agent. 1849 Authorized to negotiate treaties with Siam, Anam, ant Bruni. Bancroft, George.......................En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Great Britain. 1846 In 1849 authorized, jointly with Richard Rush, to negotiate a postal treaty with Great Britain and France. Banks, W. W...............Secretary of Legation. Brazil. 1857 *Barbour, James.......................... En. En. and Mmn. Plen. Great Britain. 1828 *Barringer, Daniel M................... (( Spain. 1849 Barlow, Joel............m................ Minister Plenipotentiary. France. 1811 *Barnard, Daniel D...................... En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Russia. 1850 *Barrow, Washington.................. Charge d'Affaires. Portugal. 1841 *Barry, William T...................... En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Spain. 1835 Barton, Seth............... Charge d'Affaires. Chile. 1847 Barton, Thomas P.................. Secretary of Legation. France. 1833 *Bayard, James A........................ Minister Plenipotentiary. France. 1801 Appointed in 1813, jointly with John Q. Adamns and Albert Gallatin, to negotiate -ith Great Britain, under the mediation of Russia; and in 1814, with Jonathan Russell, John Q. Adams, Henry Clay, and Albert Gallatin, to negotiate treaties with Great Britain, at Ghent. *Bayard, James A...................... En. En. and Min. Plen. Russia. 1815 Appointed as Envoy to Russia; declined. *Bayard, Richard H-P..................... Charge d'Affaires. Belgium. 1850 *Baylies, Francis..................B...... Buenos Ayres. 1832 *Bedin'ger, Henry Denmark. 1853 C6 16......................... Minister Resident. Denmark. 1854 Beelen, Frederic A...................... Secretary of Legation. Central America. 1853 (c c4......................Chile. 1854 Belmont, Augustus..................... Charge d'Affaires. Netherlands. 1853 *Bidlack, Benjamin A................... " New Granada. 1845 Bigler, John............................ En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Chile. 1857 *Bissell, William H....................... Charge d'Affaires. Buenos Ayres. 1853 Blackford, William M.................. " " New Granada. 1842 *Bleecker, Hermanus.................... b' 6 Netherlands. 1839 Blunt, Joseph............................. Commissioner. China. 1851 Appointment declined. Borden, James W........................ Hawaii. 1858 *Borland, Solon.......................... En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Central America. 1853 Authorized to negotiate treaties with Nicaragua and Honduras. Bowdoin, James....................... Com. Plen. and Ex. Spain. 1804 Appointed, jointly with John Armstrong, to negotiate a treaty with Spain. *Bowlin, James B........................ Minister Resident. New Granada. 1854........................... Commissioner. Paraguay. 1858 Boulware, William...................... Charge d'Affaires. Two Sicilies. 1841 Boyd, James McHenry................ Secretary of Legation. Great Britain. 1846 *Breckinridge, John C.,............... En. Ex. and Minister. Spain. 1855 Appointment declined. Brent, Thomas L. L.............. Secretary of Legation. Spain. 1814 Appointed in 1819 to exchange ratifica- t,....... Portugal. 1822 tions of a treaty with Spain...s. 6.;................... Charge d'Affaires. Portugal. 1825 P ~ Brent, William, Jr....................... " " Buenos Ayres. 1844 Brodhead, John R...................... Secretary of Legation. Great Britain. 1846 Brown, Ethan A........................ Charge d'Affaires. Brazil. 1830 Brown, George.................. Commissioner. Sandwich Isl'ds. 1843 (( rr rr ( nHawaii. 1845................................, Hawaii. 1845 *Brown, James............................ En. Ex. and Min. Plen. France. 1823 Brown, John P..................D......... ragoman. Turkey. 1836 CCLe~~~~~~~~~~~ 4CC 6C 41842........................... 1.."..................... Secretary and Dragoman. "4 1858 Brown, Neil S............................ En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Russia. 1850 Bryan, John A........................... Charge d'Affaires. Peru. 1844 *Buchanan, James........................ En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Russia. 1832 Authorized in 1853 to negotiate a treaty with Bavaria- in 1854, to negotiate a,,........ 1 Great Britain. 1853 treaty with Hanover. Name. Office. Place. Tlhen ap- Bemarks. pointed. Buchanan, Jales M.................... Minister Resident. Denmark. 1858 Buckalew, Charles E................... 6 6 Ecuador. 1858 Butler, Anthony......................... Secretary of Legation. Russia. 11856 Butler, Edward G. PV................... " russia. 1856 Calhoun, William R...................P.. s France. 1857 *Cambrelingr, Churchill C.............. En. Ex. and Min. Plein. Russia. 1840 *Campbell, G. W........... Bussia. 1818 Carmichael, iXilliam................. Choarge d'Affaires. Spain. 1790 Authorized, jointly with William Short, to negotiate with Spain concerning the navigation of the River 1Mississippi, etc. Carr, Dabney S........................... Minister Resident. Turkey. 1843 *'-Cass, Lewis............ En...... an. I Min. Plen. France. 1836 S Cass, Lewis, Jr................... Charge d'Affaires. Papal States. 1849 Ca C 6 6 @ * w Q Q ffi b..... Minister lResident. Pontifial States.1 85 Catheart, James L.. Consul. Tripoli. 1707 In 1797, authorized, jointly with S..... 66.................... Consul General. Algriers. 1802 O'Brien and W. Eaton, to negotiate a.... o...................... Consul. 8unis. $08 treaty with Tripoli. Coverley, Z. 3....................... Secretary of Legation. Peru. 1855 Cazneau, ITV. L Co................ Commissioner. Dominican Rep. 8 54 *Chandler, Joseph I...................... M/inister Resident. Two Sicilies. 1 858 Chauncy, Isaac...............C.......... Captain U. S. Navy. Algiers. 1816 Authorized, jointly with William Shaler, to conclude a treaty with Algiers. Chew, William iI........................ Secretary of Legation. Russia. 1837 Chinn, Thomas W....................... Charge d'A-ffaires. Two Sicilies. 1849 Clark, Franklin H.................... Secretary of Legation. Brazil. 1851 Clarke, Beverly L....................... Minister Resident. Guatemala. 1858......................Honduras.:858 *:Clay,; Henry M............ Pin. Pien. and En. Clhent. i8i4 Authorized, jointly with John Q. Adams, Jonathan Russell, James A. ]Balyard, and Albert Gallatin, to negotiate a treaty with Great Briitain. *Clay, James B................. Charge d'Affaires. Portugal. 1849 Clay, John R.............................. Secretary of Legation. Russia. 1830.............................. Charge d'Affaires. Russia. 1836 6............................. Secretary of Legation. Austria. 1838................................', " Russia. 1845 "......................... Charge d'Affaires. Peru. 1847................................ En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Peru. 1853 Clemson, Thom as G.............. Charge d'Affaires. Belgium. 1844 *Clifford, Nat han.......................... Commissioner. Mexico. 1848 Appointed, with A. H. Sevier, Commis-........................ En. Ex. and Min. Plen. exico. 1848 missioners, with the rank of Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, to treat jointly or severally with Mexico. Cogswell, Joseph G................... Secretary of Legation. Spain. 1842 Appointment declined. Collins, Samuel P............... Consul. Morocco. 1854 Conkling, Alfred...................... E. En. E and Min. Plen. Mexico. 1852 Cooley, James........................... Charge d'Affaires. Peru. 1820'-Cox, Samuel S.................. Secretary of Legation. Peru. 1855 Cox, Ferdinand.......................... " Brazil. 1851 X-Crawford, William H................... Minister Plenipotentiary. France. 1813 Cripps, John.............................. Secretary of Legation. Mexico. 1853 Crump, William.. Charge d'Affaires. Chile. 1844 *Cushing, Caleb..................Cormmissioner. China. 1843 In 1844, authorized to negotiate with............................. En. Ex. and Min. Plen. China. 1843 Japan. Cushing Courtland...................... Charge d'Affaires. Ecuador. 2850 *Dallas, George M....................... En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Russia. 1837 c; h(........................ 146 c Great Britain. 1856 *Dana, Francis.a.............. 6 - France. 1797 Declined the appointment. Dana, John IV......................... Minister Resident. Bolivia. 1854 Daniel, John IMv........................... 6 Sardinia. 1854 Davezaz, Auguste..................... Secretary of Legation. Netherlands. 1829 ~4 "........................ Charge d'Affaires. Netherlands. 1831:........................s.6 6 TWo Sicilies. 1833....................... Netherlands. 1845 Davie, William R..........a......... En. Ex. and Alin. Res. France. 1799 Davis, John C. B........................ Secretary of Legation. Great Britain. 1849 *Davis, John W..................... Commissioner. China. 1848! Q0cs Place. TWhen ap- Remarks. Name. Office. Place. pointed.ap- Remarks. Dearborn, Henry, Sr.................. En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Portugal. 1822 Deas, William Allen..................... Charge d'Affaires. Great Britain. 1795 Deocatur, Stephen........................ Captain U. S. Navy. Algiers. 1815 Authorized, jointly with William Shaler and William Bainbridge, to negotiate a treaty. De Witt, Charles G...................... Charge d'Affaires. Central America. 1833 *Dickerson, Mahlon...................... En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Russia. 1834 Dillon, Romain........................... Secretary of Legation. Brazil. 1858 -*Dodge, Augustus C..................... En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Spain. 1855 Donelson, Andrew J.................... Charge d'Affaires. Texas. 1844......................... En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Prussia. 1846,4 "..................... Federal Gov't. of Germany. 1848 Authorized to negotiate a treaty with Saxony, and exchange ratifications m with Nassau. Eames, Charles...................... Commissioner. Sandwich Isl'ds. 1849...............Charge d'Affaires. Venezuela. 1854........................... M Minister Resident. Venezuela. 1854 Eames, John IH........................... En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Spain. 1836 Edney, Balis M........................... Charge d'Affaires. Guatemala. 1852 Elliott, Jonathan........................ Commercial Agent. Dominican Rep. 1855 Authorized to negotiate a treaty. Ellis, Powhatan.......................... Charge d'Affaires. Mexico. 1836.C.............................:En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Mexico. 18839 Ellis, Thomas 11....................... Secretary of Legation. Mexico. 1839 Ellis, Vespasian......................... Charge d'Affaires. Venezuela. 1849 *Ellsworth, Henry W.................... Sweden. 1845 *-Ellsworth, Oliver....................... En. Ex. and Min. Plen. France. 1799 Erving, R. A.................... Secretary of Legation. Russia, 1853 Ewing, George W........................ ",, Spain. 1804.".......................... Special Minister. Denmark. 1811........................ Minister Plenipotentiary. Spain. 1814 *Eustis, William........................... En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Netherlands. 1814 Eve, Joseph............................... Charge d'Affaires. Texas. 1841 Everett, Alexander H.................. Secretary of Legation. Netherlands. 1814, "'................... Charge d'Affaires. Netherlands. 1818,,,,.................. i En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Spain. 1825,,,.................. c Commissioner. China. 1845 In 1845, authorized to negotiate a treaty with Japan. *Everett, Edward......................... En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Great Britain. 1841............................ Commissioner. China. 1843 Appointment declined. Fair, Elisha Y............................ Minister Plenipotentiary. Belgium. 1858 Fay, Theodore S Secretary of Legation. Great Britain. 1836..........................,,,, Russia. 1837............................ Minister Resident. Switzerland. 1853 Fearn, Walter................... Secretary of Legation. Mexico. 1856 Flenniken, Robert P.............. Charge d'Affaires. Denmark. 1847 Fitzpatrick, Richard.................. Secretary of Legation. Argentine Confederation. 1856 Floyd, G. W.............................. Charge d'Affaires. Texas. 1840 Folsom, George........................... Netherlands. 1850 Foote, Thomas M4........................ 6, New Granada. 1849 ~-~,,,,............... -.......C Austria. 1852 *Forsyth, John............................ Minister Plenipotentiary. Spain. 819i Forsyth, John, Jr........................ En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Mexico. 1 856 Forbes, John M......................... Secretary of Legation. Buenos Ayres. 1823 8."............................ Charge d'Affaires; Buenos Ayres. 1825 *Forward, Walter......................... " " Denmark. 1849 Gadsden, James......................... E. Ex. and Min. Plen. Mexico. 1853 *Gallatin, Albert.......................... France. 1814 In 1813, appointed, jointly with John Q. Adams, Henry Clay, Jonathan Russell, and James A. Bayard, to negotiate with Great Britain. Haddock, Charles B..................... Charge d'Affaires. Portugal. 1850 Hall, Allen A.............................. Venezuela. 1843 Hamilton, Alexander, Jr........... Secretary of Legation. Spain. 1842 Harum, John.............................. Charge d'Affaires. Chile. 1830 I-Hammett, Alexander.................. Consul. Two Sicilies. 1846 Authorized to exchange ratifications of a treaty with the Two Sicilies. *IIannegan, Edward A................. a En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Russia. 1849 When ap- bO |Name. OCice. Place. ohen ap- elmarks. pointed. Hardin, Benjamin R.................... Secretary of Legation. Chile. 18S49 lHasper, Chaliarles C..c.................... 1 arce. 1829 Hlarris, Leavitit........................, " ssia f 1813 Secretary of the Mission Extraordinary t"...................... Clhamrge d'Affaires. Fraince. 1833 for entering into negotiations at St. Petersburg with Great Britain. *-S'arris, William A.agen................. Arentine Confederation. 1846 Harris, Tow nsed........................Cosu General. pan. 1855 Authorized in 1857 to enter into negotiations with Siam.' " t...,..................... Minister Resident Japan. 1858 In 1858 negotiated a treaty with Japan. Harrison, J. 0........................ S ecretary of Legation. Spain. 1835 *lHarrison, Wiilliam Hi................... En. Ex. and lMin. Plen. Colombia. S8 2:8 Haywood, William H...................' Belgium. 1837 Heap, Samuel )......................... Dragoman. TuIkey. 1852 Henry, Patrick............ Ex. and in. Plen. Frnce. 799 Appointment declined. *Iilliard, Henry r. d.................... Charge d'Affaires. Belgium. 184 Hise, Elijab O...e......................... 6 Guatemala. 1848 Authorized to negotiate with San Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa M Rica. HIodgson, William....................... Dragoman. Tuley. 1832 Holman, Jesse B......................... Secretary of Legation. Chile. 1852 Homes, Henry A........................ Assistant Dragoman. Turkey. 1851 *Hopkins, George W........h........... Chrge d'Affaires. Portugal. 1847 Howard, Tilghuman...................... 4 " Texs. 1844 Hughes, Christopher.................. Secretary of Legation. Sweden. 1814 Of the Mission Extraordinary to nego-..;.....................6 Sweden. 1816 tiate with Great Britain..."................... I Choarge d'AffaSires. Sweden. 1819........G 6............. Netherlands. 1 182.5....................... Special Minister. Denrmank. 1830.......................' Charge d'Affaires. Netherlands. 1842 Humphreys, David................... inister Resident. Portugal. 1791....................... Commissioner Plen. Algiers. 1793 Authorized to negotiate with Tripoli, 6............... Spain. 1798'Tunis, Algiers, and _Morocco. !*Hunter, William.............. Charge d'Affaires. Brazil. 1834.6...,,,,.............,....., En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Brazil. 1841 I*Ingersoll, Charles J.................. Secretary of Legation. Prussia. 1837 I"*Ingersoll, Colin TM.... Russia. 1848 *Ingersoll, Joseph R.................... En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Great Britain. 1852 *Ingersoll, Ralph I....................... 6 66 Russia. 1846 Irving, Washington............... Secretary of Legation. Great Britain. 1829......................... 4En. Ex. and iMin. Plen. Spain. 1842 Irwin, William W................ Charge d'Affaires. Denmark. 1843 *Jackson, Andrew.......... En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Mexico. 1823 Jackson, Henry...........-. Secretary of Legation. France. 1813 Jackson, Henry 1........................ Charige d'Affaires. Austr-a. 1853....................... lMinister Resident. Ausstria. 185 4i Jackson, Isaac B R................... Charge d'Affasires. Denmark. 1841 Jay, John................................. En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Great Britain. 1799 Jeffers, William N...................... Charge d'Affaires. ep. of Central Amuerica. 1831 eJenifer, Daniel........................... inister Plenipotentiary. Austria. 1841. Jewett, Albert G......................... Charge d'Affaires. Peru. 1845 *Jones, J. Glncy......................... zE. Ex. and Min. Plen. Austria. 1858 Karanagh, Edward...... Charge d'Aiff.res. Portugal. 18385 *Kennedy, Jobhn P....................... Secretary of Legation. Chile. 1823 *CKerr, John B............................ Chrge d'A aies. Nicaragua. 1851 King, John A....................... Secretary of Legation. Great Britain. 1825 *King, Rufus........................ YMinister Plenipotentiary. Great Britain. 1796 In 1799 authorized to negotiate a treaty 6 C.............................. En. Ex. and M!in. Plen. Great Britain. 1825 with Russia. e-kixng, W;Villiam......................... Secretary of Legation. Russia. 1816.6....,,,,,,,,___,,J... n..... Ex. and Min. Plen. France. 1844 King, Yelvertton P............... Charge d'Affaires. New Granada. 1851L Kinney, William B...................... Sardinia. 1850 *La Branch, Alc6e....................... Texas. 1831 Lamar, Miirabealu B..................... iiter Residenlt. 2:gentine ConI deration. 18657....c..................... Nicamragua. 1858 "'...... c... Costa lica. 1858 Larned, Samuel......................... Secretary of Legation. Chile. 1823 cs~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~x C':) Name. Office. Place. ohen ap- t.emarks. pointedl. Lamed, Samuel.......................... Charge d'Affaires. Chile. 1828 6 6 46..................... 4 4 6Peru. 1828 *Lawrence, Abbott.......................En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Great Britain. 1849 Lawrence, John L.................... Secretary of Legation. Sweden. 1814 Lawrence, William B................... ( 6Great Britain. 1826 Lay, George W......................... Charge d'Affaires. Sweden. 1842 Lake, Shelton F..Commissioner. Hawaii. 1853 Ledyard, Henry.......................... Secretary of Legation. France. 1839 *Legare, Hugh S........................... Charge d'Affaires. Belgium. 1832 Leib, J............................. Consul. Tangier. 1835 X*Letcher, Robert P................ En. Ex. and Mim. Plea. Mexico. 1849 Lippitt, George W....................... Secretary of Legation. Austria. 1856 *Livingston, Edward.En. Ex. and Min. Plen. France. 1833 Livingston, Jasper H.................... Secretary of Legation. Spain. 1844 *Livingston, Robert H.Minister Resident. France. 1801 Appointed in 1803, jointly with James Monroe, to negotiate -with France. Livingston, Van Brugh.................Charge d'Affaires. Ecuador. 1848 Mann, Dudley A......................... Special Agent. Austria. 1846 Full power to treat with Hanover, Olden- 1......................... Special and Confidential burgh, Mechlenburg-Schwerin, end Agent. Hungary. 1849 1Iechlenburg-Strelitz, and in 1847 au-......................... Special Agent. Switzerland. 1850 thorized to exchange ratifications with the same States; also accredited to Saxony, Wurtemberg, Baden, HesseDarmstadt, Nassau, Brunswick, HesseCassel, Frankfort-on-the-Main, Hanover, Oldenburg, Mechlenburg-Schwerin, Mechlenburg-Strelitz, hamburg, Bremen, and Lubec. Mann, William G......................... Secretary of Legation. Brazil. 1854 Mariott, James G........................ Peru. 1853 Marling, John L.....M................... Minister Resident. Guatemala. 1854 *Marsh, George P...................... rr Turkey. 1849 -*(-Marshall, Humphrey........... Commissioner. China. 1852 *Marshall, John........................... En. Ex. and Min. Plen. France. 1797 Appointed jointly with Charles C. Pinckney and Francis Dana. Martin, Jacob L......................... Charge d'Affaires. Papal States. 1848 Martin, John J........................... Secretary of Legation. Peru. 1853 Mason, John.............................. "4 "\ Mexico. 1823 *Mason, John Y........................... En. Ex. and Min. Plen. France. 1853 Massey, Thomas E...................... Secretary of Legation. Chile. 1853 Maxcy, Virgil............................. Charge d'Affaires. Belgium. 1837 Maxwell, John S........................ Secretary of Legation. Russia. 1842 Meyer, Brantz........................... " " v Mexico. 1841 McAfee, R. B............................. Charge d'Affaires. New Granada. 1833 In 1836 appointed with full power to treat with Ecuador. McCluny, Alexander K................ " " Bolivia. 1849 McCurdy, Charles J..................... Austria. 1850 *McLane, Louis........................... En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Great Britain. 1829.......... Great Britain. 1845 3McLane, Robert......................... Commissioner. China. 1853 *Meade, Richard K....................... Charge d'Affaires. Sardinia. 1853.; "........................ En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Brazil. 1857 Medary, Samuel......................... " Chile. ]853 Melville, Gansevoort.................... Secretary of Legation. Great Britain. 1845 Middleton, Henry........................ En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Russia. 1820 Middleton, Arthur, Jr................... Secretary of Legation. Spain. 1833.."....................... Spain. 1836 Miller, Horace H........................ Charge d'Affaires. Bolivia. 1852 Miller, William........................... " " Guatemala. 1825 *Monroe, James........................... Minister Plenipotentiary. France. 1794 Appointed in 1803, jointly with Robert,,,....................... Great Britain. 1803 R. Livingston, to negotiate with France, and with Charles Pinckney, to negotiate with Spain. In 1806 appointed, jointly with William Pinckney, Commissioner Plenipotentiary and Extraordinary to negotiate with Great Britain. Moore, Thomas P........................ En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Colombia. 1829 Moran, Benjamin........................ Assistant Secretary of Great Britain. 1857 Legation. Cl Name. Oflfce. Place. When Remarks. pointed. Mlorgan, George W...................... Minister Resident. France. 1858 Mforgan, Thomas J..................... Secretary of Legation. Brazil. 1847 *M-,orris, Edward J....................... Charge d'A-ffres. Two Sicilies. 1850 MYorris, Gouverneur..................... Commissioner. Great Britain. 1789."....................... /Minister Plenipotentiary. France. 1792 MIorris, Isaac E.......................... Commissioner. New Granada. 1841 Motley, John L........................... Secretary of Legation. Russia. 1841 *-Muhlenberg, Henry A.................. E.. Ex. sand M in. Plen. Austria. 1838 *Mliurphy, Henry C....................... Minister Resident. Netherlands. 1857 Murphy, William S..................... Special and Confidential Central Am. Con- 1841 Agent. federation..................... Charge d'Affaires. Texas. 1843 Murray, William V..................... Minister Resident. Netherlands. 1797,..............En. Ex. and Min. Plen. France. 1799 Appointed, jointly with Oliver Ellswort.h and Patrick Henry. Navoni, Nicholas........................ Dragoman. Turkey. 1831 Nelson, Hugh............................ Minister Plenipotentiary. Spain. ] 823 Nelson, John............................ Charge d'Affaires. Two Sicilies. 188 31 Nelson, Thomas A. R................... Commissioner. China. 18-51 *'Niles, Nathaniel...................... Secretary of Legation. France. 1830."...........................Special Agent. Sardinia. 1838....;.......................... Charge d'Affrires. Sardinia. 1848 O'Brien, Smith........................... Consul General. Algiers. 1797 Ogcle, Andrew J........................... Charge d'Affaires. Denmark. 1852 O'Sullivan, John L..................... " " Portugal. 1854 " I.................... Minister Resident. Portugal. 1854:-XOwen, Robert D......................... Charge d'Affaires. Two Sicilies. 1853..c......................... Minister Resident. Two Sicilies. 1854 Page, Thomas J................ Lieutenant U. S. Navy. 1853 Authorized, jointlywit.hR.C.Schencland J. S. Pendleton, to negotiate with Paraguay, and in 1854 to exchange ratifications. Parker, Peter.......................... Secretary and Interpreter. China. 1845 Parker, Peter........... Commissioner. China. 1856 Parrott, William S..Secretlary of Legation. Mexico. 1841 Peden, James A..................... Charge d'Affaire~. Buenos Ayres. 1854 In 1852 appointed, with R. C. Schlenck, to.......................... Minister Resident. Buenos Ayres 1854 negotiate treaties with Uruguay and Paraguay. Pendclton, J. S........................... Ageretine Confederation. i835l Perry, IHoratio J...................... Secretary of Legation. Spain. 1849 TPeyton, Bailie........................En. Ex. and Min. Plea. Chile. 1849 Pickens, Francis W...........R...... u L ( R Lssi. 1858 Pickett, John C..........................Secretary of Legation. Colombia. 11829 In 1838 authorized to negotiafe with........................... Charge d'Affaires. Peru Bolivian Ecuador. Confederation. 1838 Pinckney, Charles C..Minister Plenipotentiary. France. 1796 In 1797 appointed, jointly with John rr ".............. iEn. Ex. and Min. Plen. France. 1797 Marshall and Francis Dana, and subsequently Elbridge Gerry, to negotiate with France. *Pinckney, Charles..................... Secretry of etion. ussia. 1818................Minister Plenipotentiary. Spain. 1794 Pinckney, Thomas...................C.. r ( Great Britain. 1792 a.. Ex. and Min. Plen. Spain. 1794 *Pinckney, William..................... Commissioner Plea. and Great Britain. 1806 Appointed, jointly with James Monroe, 1Extraordinary, to negotiate with Great Britain...................Minister Plenipotentiary. Great Britain. 1806............. i Great Britain. 1808.."..............I E. Bx. and Mlin. Plen. Russia. 1816....................... inister Resident. Two Sicilies. i 816 *Poinsett, Joel B-....................... i En. By. and Min. Plea. CMexico. 1825 In 1827 appointed, jointly with John Sergeant, Envoy to the Congress at Panama. -Polk, William H..................... Charge d'Affaires. Two Sicilies. 1845 Pollard, Richard.. "................... 6 " C Chile. 1834 Porter, David.......................... Consul General. Algiers. 1830..................... Charge d'Affaires. Turkey. 1831.'......................lMinister Resident. Turkey. 1839 Powers, James H....................... Charge d'Affaires. Two Sicilies. 1844 Go Name. Office. Place. pWhen ap- Remarks. pointed. Pratt, Donn................................ Secretary of Legation. France. 1854 Preble, William P....................... Agent. Netherlands. 1828 Preston, William..............E......... n. Ex. and Min. Plen. Spain. 1 858 " " 4 4..............................Spain. 1829 *Proffit, George H...................Br......Brzil. 1843 Pryor, Roger............................ Special Agent. Greece. 1855 Raguet, Condy.......................... Charge d'Affaires. Brazil. 1825,*Randolph, John.. En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Russia. 1830 Reed, William B......................... ( " China. 1857 *Rencher, Abraham...................... Charge d'Affaires. Portugal. 1843 Reynolds, Thomas C. Secretary of Legation. Spain. 1846 Rich, William............................. Mexico. 1852 Rives, Francis R........... " Great Britain. 1842 *Rives, William C......................... En. Ex. and Min. Plen. France. 1849 Roberts, Edmund...................... Commissioner. Cochin China, Siam and Muscat. 1833 Robinson, Jeremy....................... Special Agent. Spain. 1833 Rochester, William R.................. Secretary. Panama. 1826 Secretary of the Mission to Panama. *Rodney, Cesar A........................ Minister Plenipotentiary. Buenos Ayres. 1823 Rogers, H. G.............................. Charge d'Affaires. Sardinia. 1840 Rowan, John............................. " Two Sicilies. 1848 Rush, Benjamin.......................... Secretary of Legation. Great Britain. 1837 Rush, Richard........................... En. Ex. and AMin. Plen. Great Britain. 1817;.... Special Agent. Great Britain. 1836. "........................... En. Ex. and Min. Plen. France. 1847 Russell, Jonathan........................ Minister Plenipotentiary. Sweden. 1814 Appointed, jointly with John Q. Adams, Henry Clay, and Albert Gallatin, to negotiate with Great Britain. Rutledge, Charles........................ Secretary of Legation. Spain. 1796 Ruyckman, George W.................. ",, Chile. 1858 Sanford, Henry S........................ " France. 1849 Saunders, Romulus M.................. En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Spain. 1846 Sawyer, Frederic A..................... Secretary of Legation. Spain. 18-18 Savage, Charles.......................... Consul. Guatemala. 1838 Authorized to negotiate with the Republic of Central America. *Schenck, Robert C...................... En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Brazil. 1852 Authorized to negotiate with Uruguay and Paraguay. Schroeder, Francis...................... Charge d'Affaires. Sweden. 1849.c <<...................... I Minister Resident. Sweden. 1854 *Sargeant. John......................... En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Panama. 1826 Appointed, jointly with Joel R. Poinsett, to the Assemblage of Nations at Panama. Seaton, Gales............................ Secretary of Legation. Federal Gov't. of Germany. 1849 Seebles, J. J.............................. Charge'Affaires. Belgium. 1853 " ".............................. Minister Resident. Belgium. 1854 *Semple, James........................... Charge d'Affaires. New Granada. 1837. *Severance, Luther....................... Commissioner. Sandwich Isl'ds. 1853 *Sevier, Ambrose H.....................Mexico. 1848 *Seymour, Thomas H................ En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Belgium. 1853 Shaer, William............Commissioner. Algiers. 1815 Appointed, jointly with Isaac Chauncey, k to negotiate a treaty. Shannon, James.......................... Charge d'Affaires. Central America. 1832 ".. En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Mexico. 1794 Sheldon, Daniel.......................... Secretary of Legation. France. 1816 X --— Shields, Benjamin G.................... Charge d'Affaires. Venezuela. 1845 Short, William........................... " " France. 1790 Appointed, in 1794, jointly with William (" "........................... IMinister Resident. Netherlands. 1792 Carmichael, to negotiate with Spain. " <'.......te.........L...Spain. 1794 *Sickles, Daniel E........................ Secretary of Legation. Great Britain. 1855 *Slidell, John........................ En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Mexico. 1841,,,,................................, Mexico. 1845.................................,' Central America. 1853 Smith, Buckingham............S....... ecretary of Legation. Spain. 1855 Smith, John A............................. Great Britain. 1815.................................,,,, Spain. 1825 ",........................., France. 1828.............................,, Russia. 1829 Smith, John C............................ Minister Resident. Bolivia. 1858 O Name. Office. Place. When ap- Remarks. pointed. Snmitl, John S............................. Secretary of Legation. MI~exico. 1827 Appointed Secretary to the Joint Mission at Tacubaya. Smith, Delaron........................... Special Agent. Ecuador. 1844 Smith, T. B................................. Secretary of Legation. Mexico. 1850 Smith, W.................W.............Minister Plenipotentiary. Portugai. 179 7 Smith, William S..... Secretary of Legation. Russ.a. 1812 Somerville, William C.. Charge dAffaires. Sweden. 1825 *Soul6, Pierre.........En.................. En. Ex. anid Min. Plen. Spa in. 1853 Spence, Carroll.........'.................. minister Resident. Turkey. 1 853 Stanton, Stephen K................... Secretary of Legationl Russia. 1848 *Starkweather, David A................. En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Chile. 1854 Steele, William H...............C........ Clrge d'Affai-res. Austria. 1849 Steele- J. Nevitt......t Venezuela. 1850 *Stevenson, Andrew..................... En. Ex. and IMin. Plen. Great Britain. 1836 Authorized in 1838 to negotiate with M Greece. Stiles, William IT H.....................Charge d'ffaires. Austria. S845A St~ockton, John D.........M.......... Minister Resident. Pontificl States. 1I8 58 i- Squier, Ephraim G................ Charge d'Affaires. Guatemala. 1849 Accredited to San Salvador, Nicaragual, ~ Costa Rica, and Honduras. Sunipter, Thomas....................Secretary of Legation. France. 1801.................. Minister Plenipotentiary. Portugal. 1809 Ta-,, ylI o r, E d wvv a r d T.Secretary of Legation. Colomhia. 1828 Ten E yck, Anthony..................... Commissioner. Sandwich Isi'ds. 1845 * Therpson, Wftddy..........E........... En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Mexico. 1842 Thor ton, lames B....................' Charge d' Affaires. er" 1839D Authorized to negotiate a treaty with Bolivia. Throop, Enos T.......................... Two Sicilies. 1838 Tod, David'.........En............. En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Brazil. 1847 Todd, Charles.......................... R6 ussia. 1841 Trescot, William H.........S....... Secretary of Legation. Great Britain. 1852 Trist, -Nicholas P.Special Agent. Spain.. 1833 C......................... ICommissioner. Mexico. 1847 Trousdale, William....................... En. Ex. end Mmin. Plea. Brazil. 1853 Tudor, William.......................... Charge d'Affaires. Brazil. 1827 Turpin, Edward A....................... Minister Resident. Venezuela. 1858 Van Alen, John T....................... Charge d'Affaires. Ecuador. 1849 *Van Buren, MT........................... En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Great Britain. 1831 Vail, Aaron................................ Secretary of Legation. Great Britain. 1831 44................................ Charge d'Affaires. Great Britain. 1832 44................................ Secretary of Legation. Great Britain. 1836 Van Ness, Cornelius P................. En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Spain. 1829 Venable, William E..................... Secretary of Legation. Brazil. 1854 *Vroom, Peter D.......................... En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Prussia. 1853 *Walker, Robert J........................ Commissioner. China. 1853 Walsh, Charles S....................... Secretary of Legation. Spain. 1844 Walsh, Robert M......................... Brazil. 1841 ~" "......................... "'lMexico. 1848 " " ~....................... Special Envoy. Costa Rica. 1852 Ward, John E............................. En. Ex. and Min. Plen. China. 1858 Warren, John E.......................... Secretary of Legation. Central America. 1852 Watterson, Harvey M.................. Special Agent. Buenos Ayres. 1851 Watts, Beaufort T....................... Secretary of Legation. Colombia. 1824' "....................... Charge d'Affaires. Colombia. 1827 " "....................... Secretary of Legation. Russia. 1828 Webb, James Watson...............Charge d'Affaires. Austria. 1849 Webster, Daniel F....................... Secretary of Legation. China. 1839 West, Edward...............Charge d'Affaires. Peru. 1854 Wheaton, Henry......................... Denmark. 1827 Authorized in 1836 to negotiate treaties.....................................Prussia. 1835 with the States of the Zollverein and........................ En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Prussia. 1837 the Hanoverian Union. Authorized in 1837 to negotiate treaties and exchange ratifications with the Zollverein States. In 1843 authorized to negotiate with Mechlenburg, Oldenburg, Bavaria, Wurtemberg, Hesse-Cassel, HesseDarmstadt, and Baden. Wheeler, John I....................... Minister Resident. Nicaragua. 1854 White, Philo.............................. Charge d'Affaires. Ecuador. 1853,; -, I ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Plc. When ap- Rmrs Name. Office. Place. pointed. Remarks. Wilber, J. B....................... Secretary of Legation. France. 1857;"-C-Wickliffe, Robert J.Charge d'Affaires. Sardinia. 1848 Williams, James.......................... Minister Resident. Turkey. 1858 Williams, John......................... Charge d'Affaires. Federation of the Central States of America. 1825 Williams, John G. A................ 6 s 4 Venezuela. 1835 Williams, S. Wells.................. Interpreter and Secretary of Legation. China. 1855 *Wilkins, William........................En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Russia. 1884 *Wise, Henry A.......................... I LBrazil. 1844 Wise, 0. Jennings................. Secretary of Legation. Prussia. 1853 6 6 6 4.............I....... 4 4 6France. 1853 Woodbury, Charles L.Charge d'Affaires. Bolivia. 1854 Woodside, Jonathan F.................. Denmark. 1835 Wright, Edward I................... Secretary of Legation. Prussia. 1850 Wright, Joseph R................... En. Ex. and Min. Res. Prussia. 1858 Yancey, Benjamin C.................... Minister Resident. Argentine Confederation. 1858 TIE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. PROCEEDINGS IN THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED COLONIES RESPECTING "A DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, BY THE REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, IN CONGRESS ASSEMBLED." SATURDAY, JUNE 8, 1776. Resolved, That the resolutions respecting independency be referred to a committee of the whole Congress. The Congress then resolved itself into a committee of the whole; and, after some time, the President resumed the chair, and Mr. Harrison reported, that the committee have taken into consideration the matter to them referred, but not having come to any resolution thereon, directed him to move for leave to sit again on Monday. Resolved, That this Congress will, on Monday next, at 10 o'clock, resolve itself into a committee of the whole, to take into further consideration the resolutions referred to them. MONDAY, JUNE 10, 1776. Agreeable to order, the Congress resolved itself into a committee of the whole, to take into their further consideration the resolutions to them referred; and, after some time spent thereon, the -President resumed the chair, and Mr. Harrison reported, that the committee have had under consideration the matters referred to them, and have come to a resolution thereon, which they directed him to report. The resolution agreed to in committee of the whole being read,Resolved, That the consideration of the first resolution be postponed to Monday, the first day of July next; and in the meanwhile, that no time be lost, in case the Congress agree thereto, that a committee be appointed to prepare a declaration to the effect of the said first resolution, which is in these words: (93) 94 APPENDIX. "That these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States; that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British crown; and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved." TUESDAY, JUNE 11, 1776. Resolved, That the committee for preparing the Declaration consist of five: The members chosen, Mr. Jefferson, Mr. John Adams, Mr. Franklin, Mr. Sherman, and Mr. R. R. Livingston. TUESDAY, JUNE 25, 1776. A declaration of the Deputies of Pennsylvania, met in Provincial Conference, was laid before Congress, and read, expressing their willingness to concur in a vote of Congress, declaring the United Colonies free and independent States. FRIDAY, JUNE 28, 1776. "'Francis Hopkinson, one of the Delegates from New Jersey, attended, and produced the credentials of their appointment," containing the following instructions:- "If you shall judge it necessary or expedient for this purpose, we empower you to join in declaring the United Colonies independent of Great Britain, entering into a confederation for union and common defence," &c. MONDAY, JULY 1, 1776. "A' resolution of the Convention of Maryland, passed the 28th of June, was laid before Congress and read," containing the following instructions to their deputies in Congress: —"That the deputies of said Colony, or any three or more of them, be authorized and empowered to concur with the other United Colonies, or a majority of them, in declaring the United Colonies free and independent States; in forming such further compact and confederation between them," &c. The order of the day being read,Resolved, That this Congress will resolve itself into a committee of the whole, to take into consideration the resolution respecting independency. That the Declaration be referred to said committee. The Congress resolved itself into a committee of the whole. After some time the President resumed the chair, and Mr. Harrison reported, that the committee had come to a resolution, which they desired him to report, and to move for leave to sit again. The resolution agreed to by the committee of the whole being read, the determination thereof was, at the request of a Colony, postponed until to-morrow. Resolved, That this Congress will, to-morrow, resolve itself into a committee of the whole, to take into consideration the Declaration respecting independence. APPENDIX. 95 TUESDAY, JULY 2, 1776. The Congress resumed the consideration of the resolution reported from the committee of the whole, which was agreed to as follows:RESOLVED, That these United Colonies acre, and, of right, ought to be, Free and Independent States; that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is, and ought to be, totally dissolved. Agreeable to the order of the day, the Congress resolved itself into a committee of the whole; and, after some time, the President resumed the chair, and Mr. Harrison reported, that the committee have had under consideration the Declaration to them referred; but, not having had time to go through the same, desired him to move for leave to sit again. Resolved, That this Congress will, to-morrow, again resolve itself into a committee of the whole, t~o take into their further consideration the Declaration respecting independence. WEDNESDAY, JULY 3, 1776. Agreeable to the order of the day, the Congress resolved itself into a committee of the whole, to take into their further consideration the Declaration; and, after some time, the President resumed the chair, and Mr. liarrison reported, that the committee, not having yet gone through it, desired leave to sit again. Resolved, That this Congress will, to-morrow, again resolve itself into a committee of the whole, to take into their further consideration the Declaration of Independence. THURSDAY, JULY 4, 1776. Agreeable to the order of the day, the Congress resolved itself into a committee of the whole, to take into their further consideration the Declaration; and, after some time, the President resumed the chair, and Mr. Harrison reported, that the committee had agreed to a declaration, which they desired him to report. The Declaration being read, was agreed to as follows:A DECLARATION BY THE REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, IN CONGRESS ASSEMBLED. When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume, among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among 96 APPENDIX. these, are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. That, to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; that, whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute a new government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long established, should not be changed for light and tralsient causes; and, accordingly, all experience hath shown, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But, when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for their future security. Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies, and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former systems of government. The history of the present king of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having, in direct object, the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these States. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world:I-Te has refused his assent to laws the most wholesome and necessary for the public good. IHe has forbidden his Governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his assent should be obtained; and, when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them. He has refused to pass other laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of representation in the legislature; a right inestimable to them, and formidable to tyrants only. HIe has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures. He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, for opposing, with manly firmness, his invasions on the rights of the people. He has refused, for a long time after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the legislative powers, incapable of annihilation, have returned to the people at large for their exercise; the State remaining, in the mean time, exposed to all the danger of invasion from without, and convulsions within. He has endeavored to prevent the population of these States: for that purpose, obstructing the laws for naturalization of foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migration hither, and raising the conditions of new appropriations of lands. He has obstructed the administration of justice, by refusing his assent to laws for establishing judiciary powers. He has made judges dependent on his will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries. He has erected a multitude of new offices, and sent hither swarms of officers to harass our people and eat out their substance. APPENDIX. 97 He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies, without the consent of our legislature. He has affected to render the military independent of, and superior to, the civil power. He has combined, with others, to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his assent to their acts of pretended legislation: For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us: For protecting them, by a mock trial, from punishment, for any murders which they should commit on the inhabitants of these States: For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world: For imposing taxes on us without our consent: For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits of trial by jury: For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for pretended offences: For abolishing the free system of English laws in a neighboring province, establishing therein an arbitrary government, and enlarging its boundaries, so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these colonies: For taking away our charters, abolishing our most valuable laws, and altering, fundamentally, the powers of our governments: For suspending our own legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever. He has abdicated government here, by declaring us out of his protection, and waging war against us. He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people. He is, at this time, transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to complete the works of death, desolation, and tyranny, already begun, with circumstances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the head of a civilized nation.,He has constrained our fellow-citizens, taken captive on the high seas, to bear arms against their country, to become the executioners of their friends and brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands. He has excited domestic insurrections among us, and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare is an undistinguished destruction, of all ages, sexes, and conditions. In every stage of these oppressions, we have petitioned for redress, in the most humble terms; our repeated petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people. Nor have we been wanting in attention to our British brethren. We have warned them, from time to time, of attempts made by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. W~re have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them, by the ties of our common kindred, to disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably interrupt 7* 98 APPENDIX. our connections and correspondence. They, too, have been deaf to the voice of justice and consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity which denounces our separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, enemies in war, in peace, friends. We, therefore, the Representatives of the United States of America, in General Congress assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name, and by the authority of the good people of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and, of right, ought to be, free and independent States; that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is, and ought to be, totally dissolved; and that, as free and independent States, they have full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts and things which independent States may of right do. And, for the support of this declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other, our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor. The foregoing Declaration was, by order of Congress, engrossed, and signed by the following members:JOHN HANcoc:. New Hampshire. Josiah Bartlett, William Whipple, Matthew Thornton. Massachusetts Bay. Samuel Adams, Robert Treat Paine, Elbridge Gerry. John Adams, Rhode Island. Stephen Hopkins, William Ellery. Connecticut. Roger Sherman, William Williams, Oliver Wolcott. Samuel Huntington, Neew York. William Floyd, Francis Lewis, Lewis Morris. Philip Livingston, New Jersey. Richard Stockton, Francis Hopkinson, Abraham Clark. John Witherspoon, John Hart, Pennsylvania. Robert Morris, John Morton, George Taylor, Benjamin Rush, George Clymer, James Wilson, Benjamin Franklin, James Smith, George Ross. Delaware. Coesar Rodney, George Read, Thomas McKean. APPENDIX. 99 Maryland. Samuel Chase, William Paca, Thomas Stone, Charles Carroll, of Carrollton. Virginia. George Wythe, Benjamin Harrison, Francis Lightfoot Lee, Richard Henry Lee, Thomas Nelson, Jr., Carter Braxton. Thomas Jefferson, North Carolina. William Hooper, Joseph Hewes, John Penn.: South Carolina. Edward Rutledge, Thomas Lynch, Jr., Arthur Middleton. Thomas Heyward, Jr., Georgia. Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, George Walton. Resolved, That copies of the Declaration be sent to the several assemblies, conventions, and committees, or councils of safety, and to the several commanding officers of the continental troops; that it be proclaimed in each of the United States, and at the head of the army. 100 APPENDIX. SIGNERS OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, IN CONGRESS ASSEMBLED, JULY 4, 1776. The following List of Members of the Continental Congress, who signed the Declaration of Independence, (although the names are included in the general list of that Congress, from 1774 to 1788,) is given separately, for the purpose of showing the places and dates of their birth, and the time of their respective deaths, for convenient reference:NAMES OF rHE SIGNERS. aORN AT DELEGATED FROM DIED Adams, John.......................... Braintree, Mass., Oct. 19, 1735 Massachusetts.... July 4, 1826 Adams, Samuel.................... Boston, Sept. 27, 1722 Massachusetts.... October 2, 1803 Bartlett, Josiah......................Amesbury, ~ in Nov. 1729 New Hampshire.. May 19, 1795 Braxton, Carter.....................Newington, Va., Sept. 10, 1736 Virginia............ October 10, 1797 Carroll, Charles, of Carrollton... Annapolis, Md., Sept. 20,1737 Maryland...........Novem. 14, 18:32 Chase, Samuel........................ Somerset Co., Md., April 17, 1741 Maryland........... June 19, 1811 l0ark, Abraham..................... Elizabethtown, N.J, Feb. 15, 1726 New Jersey........ September, 1794 Clymer, George................. Philadelphia, Penna., in 1739 Pennsylvania..... January 23,1813 Ellery, William...................... Newport, R. I.. Dec. 22, 1727 R. I. and Prov. P1. Feb'y 15, 1820 Floyd, William....................... Suffolk Co., N.Y., Dec. 17, 1734 New York.......... August 4, 1821 Franklin, Benjamin................ Boston, Mass., Jan. 17, 1706 Pennsylvania......IApril 17, 1790 Gerry, Elbridge.....................Marblehead, Mass., July 17, 1744 Massachusetts.... Novem. 23, 1814 Gwinnett, Button.................... England, in 1732 Georgia............. May 27, 1777 Hall, Lyman.........................., Conn., in 1731 Georgia.............IFebruary, 1790 HIancock, John....................... Braintree, Mass,, in 1737 Massachusetts.... October 8, 1793 iarrison, Benjamin................ Berkeley, Va., - Virginia............ April, 1791 Hart, John...................... Hopewell, N. J., about 1715 New Jersey........ 1780 Heyward, Thomas, Jr.............. St. Luke's, S. C., in 1746 South Carolina... March, 1809 Hewes, Joseph........................ Kingston, N. J., in 1730 North Carolina... Novem. 10, 1779 Hooper, William..................... Boston, Mass., June 17, 1742 North Carolina... October, 1790 Hopkins, Stephen................... Scituate, March 7, 1707 R. I. and Prov. P1. July 13, 1785 Hopkinson, Francis................. Philadelphia, Penna., in 1737 New Jersey........ May 9, 1790 Huntington, Samuel............... Windham, Coon., July 3, 1732 Connecticut........ January 5, 1796 Jefferson, Thomas.................. Shadwell, Va., April 13, 1743 Virginia............ Jnly 4, 1826 Lee, Francis Lightfoot............. Stratford, Oct. 14, 1734 Virginia............ April, 1797 Lee, Richard Henry................ Stratford, Jan. 20, 1732 Virginia............ June 19, 1794 Lewis, Francis........................ Landaff, Wales, in March, 1713 New York.......... Decem. 30, 1803 Livingston, Philip................... Albany, N. Y., Jan. 15,1716 New York.......... June 12, 1778 Lynch, Thomas, Jr.................. St. George's, S. C., Aug. 5, 1749 South Carolina... Lost at sea, 1779 McKean, Thomas.................... Chester Co., Pa., March 19, 1734 Delaware........... June 24, 1817 Middleton, Arthur................... Middleton Place, S. C., in 1743 South Carolina... January 1, 1787 Morris, Lewis......................... Morrisania, N. Y., in 1726 New Yorlk.......... January 22,1708 Morris, Robert........................ Lancashire, Eng., Jan. 1733-4 Pennsylvania...... May 8, ]1806 Morton, John......................... Ridley, Penna., in 1721 Pennsylvania...... April, 1777 Nelson, Thomnas, Jr................. York, Va., Dec. 26, 1738 Virginia............ January 4, 1789 Paca, William........................ Wye-Hill, Md., Oct. 31, 1740 Maryland........... -, 1799 Paine, Robert Treat................. Boston, Mass., in 1731 Massachusetts.... May 11, 1804 Penn, John........................... Caroline Co., Va., May 17, 1741 North Carolina... October 26, 1809 Read, George.......................... Cecil Co., Md., in 1734 Delaware...........-, 1798 Rodney, Cesar........................ Dover, Del., in 1730 Delaware...........-, 1783 Ross, George........................... New Castle, Del.,' in 1730 Pennsylvania...... July, 1779 Rush, Benjamin, M.D.............. Byberry, Penna., Dec. 24, 1715 Pennsylvania...... April 19, 1813 Rutledge, Edward................... Charleston, S. C., in Nov. 1749 South Carolina... January 23,1800 Sherman, Roger..................... Newton, Mass., April 19, 1721 Connecticut........ July 23, 1703 Smith, James......................... ~, Ireland, - Pennsylvania...... July 11, 1806 Stockton, Richard................... Princeton, N. J., Oct. 1, 1730 New Jersey........ Feb'y 28, 1781 Stone, Thomas............... Charles Co., Md., in 1742 Maryland........... October 5, 1787 Taylor, George........................., Ireland, in 1716 Pennsylvania.... Feb'y 23, 1781 Thornton, Matthew................., Ireland. in 1714 New Hampshire.. June 24, 1803 Walton, George...................... Frederick Co., Va., in 1740 Georgia............. Feb'y 2, 1805 Whipple, William................... Kittery, Maine, in 1730 New Hampshire.. Novem. 28, 1785 Williams, William.................. Lebanon, Conn., April 8, 1731 Connecticut........ August 2, 1811 Wilson, James........................ Scotland, about 1742 Pennsylvania...... August 28, 1798 Witherspoon, John.................. Yester, Scotland, Feb. 5, 1722 New Jersey........ Novem. 15, 1794 Wolcott, Oliver....................... Windsor, Conn., Nov. 26, 1726 Connecticut........ December 1,1797 Wythe, George........................ Elizabeth City Co., Va., 1726 Virginia............ June 8, 1806 APPENDIX. 101 MIEMBERS OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS, FROM 1774 TO 1788. NEW HAMPSHIRE. FROM TO FROM TO Gorham, Nathaniel............. 1782,'83 Bartlett, Josiah.............. 1775,'79 " " 1785,'87 Blanchard, Jonathan........... 1783,'84 Hancock, John.............. 1775,'80 Folsom, Nathaniel............. 1774,'75................... 1785,'86....4............... 1777,'78 Higginson, Stephen............ 1782,'83 "' "............... 1779,'80 Holten, Samuel.................. 1778,'80 Foster, Abiel.............. 1783,'85 " ".................. 1782,'83 Frost, George................ 1777,'79 " ".................. 1784'85 Gilman, John Taylor........... 1782,'83 ".................. 1786,'87 Gilman, Nicholas............. 1786,'88 Jackson, Jonathan............. 1782,'82 Langdon, John.............. 1775,'77 King, Rufus...................... 178','87 (' ".................. 1786,'87 Lovell, James..................... 1776,'82 Langdon, Woodbury............ 1779,'80 Lowell, John..................... 1782,'83 Livermore, Samuel.............. 1780,'83 Osgood, Samuel................ 1780,'84 " ".............. 1785,'86 Otis, Samuel A................ 1787,'88 Long, Pierce................. 1784,'86 Paine, Robert Treat............ 1774,'78 Peabody, Nathaniel............ 1779,'80 Partridge, George............... 1779,'82 Sullivan, John............... 1774,'75 1.3............... 1783,'85 " ".................... 1780,'81 Sedgwick, Theodore............ 1785,'88 Thornton, Matthew............ 1776,'78 Sullivan, James.. 1782,'82 Wentworth, John, Jr........... 1778,'79 Thacher, George................. 1787,'88 Whipple, William.............. 1776,'79 Ward, Artemas................... 1780,'81 White, Phillips.............. 1782,'83 Wingate, Paine.................. 1787,'88 RHODE ISLAND. Arnold, Jonathan............... 1782,'84 MASSACHUSETTS. Arnold, Peleg..................... 1787,'88 Adams, John..................... 1774,'78 Collins, John.................... 778,'83 Adams, Samuel............... 1774,'82 Cornell, Ezekiel.................. 1780,'83 Cushing, Thomas........... 1774,'76 Ellery, William.................. 1776,'80 Dana, Francis.............. 1776,'78 " ".................. 1783,'85." "................... 1784,'84 Hazard, Jonathan............... 1787,'88 Dane, Nathan..................... 1785,'88 Hopkins, Stephen............... 1774,'77 Gerry, Elbridge............... 1776,'81 ".............. 1778,...".................. 1782,'85 Howell, David.................... 1782,'85 102 APPEND IX. FROM FTO ROM TO Manning,.................. 1785,'86 Boerum, Simon................. 1774,'77 Miarchant, Henry................ 1777,'80 Clinton, George............... 1775,'77 " "................ 1788,'84 De Witt, Charles...... 1783,'85 M{iller, Nathan................... 1785,'86 Duane, James..................... 1774,'84 M~owry, -..................... 1781,'81 Duer, William.................. 1777,'78 Varnum, James M.............. 1780,'82 Floyd, William................... 1774,'77..6.............. 1786,'87. 6....................1778,'83 Ward, Samuel.................... 1774,'76 Gansevoort, Leonard.......... 1787,'88 Hamilton, Alexander........... 1782,'83 CONNECTICUT............ 1787,'88 Adams, Andrew................ 1777,'80 Having, John..,,.................. 1774,'75 6 6........ 17 81,'82 " "'.....1.................785,'88 Cook, Joseph P.................. 1784,'88 Jay, John.,......................... 1774,'77 Deane, Silas...................... 1774,'76..........,'79 Dyer, Eliphalet.................. 1774,'79 Lansing, John................... 1784,'88 s' "6................. 1780,'83 Lawrance, John....... 1785,'87 Edwards, Pierpont.............. 1787,'88 Lewis, Francis................... 1777,'79 Ellsworth, Oliver................ 1777,'84 Livingston, Philip.............. 1774,'78 Hillhouse, William.............. 1783,'86 Livingston, Robert........... 1775,'77 Hosmer, Titus..................... 17795, 876 1 -.................... 1777,'79 Livingston, Walter......... 1784,'85 Huntington, Benjamin......... 1780,'84 Low, Isaac.......................1774,'75....1787,'88 L'Hommedieu, Ezra........... 1779,'8 Huntington, Samuel............ 1776,'84'............ 187,'88 Johnson, William S............. 1784,'87 Morris, Gouverneur............ 1777,'80 Law, Richard..................... 1777,'78 Morris, Lewis.........1...... 1775,'77...................... 1781,'84 McDougall, Alexander......... 1781,'82 Mitchell, Stephen M............ 1783,'84........1784,'85 "'............ 1785,'86 Paine, Ephraim................. 1784,'85 a "~............1787,'88 Platt, Zephaniah................ 1784,'86 Root, Jesse........................ 1778,'83 Schnyler, Philip................. 1775,'75 Sherman, Roger................. 1774,'84................. 1778,'81 Spencer, Joseph................. 1778,'79 Scott, John orin.............. 1780,'83 Strong, Jedediah................ 1782,'84 Smith, Melancthon.............. 1785,'88 Sturges, Jonathan........1...... 1785,'87 Wisner, Henry................... 1774,'76 Treadwell, John.................1785,'86 Yates, Abraham, Jr............ 1787,'88 Trumbull, Joseph............... 1774,'75 Yates, Peter W................. 1785,'87 Wadsworth, James.............1783,'84...........1785,'86 NEw JERSEY. Wadsworth, Jeremiah.......... 1787,'88 Beatty, John..................... 1783,'85 Williams, William............... 1776,'78 Boudinot, Elias............... 1777,'78.................. 1783,'84 " "........ 1781,'84 Wolcott, Oliver............... 1775,'78 Burnett, W........................ 1780,'81...................... 1780,'84 Cadwallader, Lambert......... 1784,'87 Clark, Abraham............. 1776,'82 NEW Yoarc. " e ".................. 7, 8 NEW YORK 9 ". 1787,'88 Alsop, John.................... 1774,'76 Condict, Silas............ 1781,'84 Benson, Egbert................ 1784,'85 Cooper, John..................... 1776,'76 " ".................. 1786,'88 Crane, Stephen.................1774,'76 APPENDIX. 103 FROM TO FROM TO Dayton, Elias..................... 1787,'88 Jackson, David.................. 1785,'86 De Hart, John.................... 1774,'76 Matlack, Timothy............... 1780,'81 Dick, Samuel..................... 1783,'84 McClene, James................. 1778,'80 Elmer, Jonathan............... 1776,'78 Meredith, -........... 1787,'88,,,,................. 1781,'84 Miffin, Thomas.............. 1774,'76,,,,................. 1787,'88.. " " 1782,'84 Fell, John......................... 1778,'80 Morris, Charles.................. 1783,'84 Frelinghuysen, Frederick..... 1778,'79 Morris, Robert................... 1776,'78,,,,..... 1782,'83 Montgomery, John.............. 1780,'84 Henderson, Thomas............ 1779,'80 Morton, John............ 1774,'77 Hopkinson, Francis............ 1776,'77 Muhlenberg, Frederick A..... 1778,'80 Hornblower, Josiah............ 1785,'86 Peters, Richard.................. 1782,'83 Houston, William C............ 1779,'82 Pettit, Charles................... 1785,'87,,,,............ 1784,'85 Read, —........................ 1787,'88 Kinsey, James................... 1774,'75 Reed, Joseph..................... 1777,'78 Livingston, William............ 1774,'76 Rhodes, Samuel.................. 1774,'75 Neilson, John................... 1778,'79 Roberdeau, Daniel.......... 1777,'79 Scheurman, J................... 1786,'87 Ross, George..................... 1774,'77 Scudder, Nathaniel............. 1777,'79 Rush, Benjamin.................. 1776,'77 Sergeant, Jonathan D.......... 1776,'77 Searle, James..................... 1778,'80 Smith, Richard.................. 1774,'76 Shippen, William................ 1778,'80 Stewart, -................... 1784,'85 Smith, James..................... 1776,'78 Stockton, Richard............... 1776,'77 Smith, Jonathan B.............. 1777,'78 Symmes, John C................. 1785,'86 Smith, Thomas................... 1780,'82 Witherspoon, John.............. 1776,'83 St. Clair, Arthur................. 1785,'87 Taylor, George.................. 1776,'77 PENNSYLVANIA. Willing, Thomas............... 1775,'76 Allen, Andrew................... 1775,'76 Wilson, James.................... 1775,'78 Armstrong, John................ 1778,'80................... 1782,'83,4 "................ 1787,'88,, "4.................... 1785,'87 Atlee, Samuel................. 1778,'82 Wynkoop, Henry................ 1779,'83 Bayard, John..................... 1785,'87 Biddle, Edward.................. 1774,'76 DELAWARE.' "4.................. 1778,'79 Bedford, Gunning............... 1783,'85 Bingham, William............... 1787,'88..... ".............. 1786,'87 Clarkson, Matthew.............. 1785,'86 Bedford, Gunning, Jr........ 1785,'86 Clingan, William................ 1777,'79 Dickinson, John.................. 1776,'77 Clymer, George.................. 1776,.'78..................1779,'80,' "................. 1780,'83 Dickinson, Philemon........... 1782,'83 Dickinson, John................ 1774,'76 Evans, John....................... 1776,'77 Fitzsimmons, Thomas.......... 1782,'83 Kearney, Dyre................. 1786,'88 Franklin, Benjamin............. 1775,'76 McComb, Eleazer.......... 1782,'84 Galloway, Joseph............... 1774,'75 Mitchell, Nathaniel............. 1786,'88 Gardner, Joseph................ 1784,'85 McKean, Thomas............... 1774,'76 Hand,........................ 1784,'85............... 1778,'83 Henry, William.................. 1784,'86 Patton, John...................... 1785,'86 Humphreys, Charles............ 1774,'76 Peery, William................... 1785,'86 Ingersoll, Jared.............. 1780,'81 Read, George..................... 1774,'77 Irwine, —.................. 1786,'88 Rodney, Coesar................ 1774,'76 104 APP ENDIX. FROM T0 ROBM TO Rodney, Cmesar.................. 1777,'78 Stone, Thomas.................. 1784,'85. "................... 1783,'84 Tilghman, Matthew............. 1774,'77 Rodney, Thomas................. 1781,'83 Wright, Turbett.............. 1781,'82 (" "...... 1...... 1785,'87 Sykes, James..................... 1777,'78 VIRGINIA. Tilton, James..................... 1783,'85 Adams, Thomas.................. 1778,'80 Van Dyke, Nicholas............ 1777,'82 Banister, John.................. 1778,'79 Vining, John..................... 1784,'86 Bland, Richard................... 1774,'76 Wharton, Samuel............... 1782,'83 Bland, Theodorick.............. 1780,'83 Braxton, Carter................. 1776,'76 MAnYLAND. Brown, John...................... 1787,'88 Alexander, Robert............... 1775,'77 Carrington, Edward............ 1785,'86 Carmichael, William............ 1778,'80 Fitzhugh,.................. 1779,'80 Carroll, Charles........... 1776,'78 Fleming, William................ 1779,'81 Carroll, Daniel................... 1780,'84 Grayson, William............ 1784,'87 Chase, Jeremiah T.............. 1783,'84 Griffin, Cyrus..................... 1778,'81 Chase, Samuel.................... 1774,'78 ".................... 1787,'88,,',.................... 1784,'85 Hardy, Samuel................... 1783,'85 Contee, Benjamin............... 1787,'88 Harrison, Benjamin............. 1774,'78 Forbes, James.................... 1778,'80 Harvie, John............. 1778,'79 Forrest, Uriah.................... 1786,'87 Henry, James................ 1780,'81 Goldsborough, Robert........... 1774,'75 Henry, Patrick.................. 1774,'76 Hall, John......................... 1775,'76 Jefferson, Thomas............... 1775,'77.......................... 1783,'84 ".............. 1783,'85 Hanson, John...................... 1781,'83 Jones, Joseph..................... 1777,'78 Harrison, William............... 1785,'87 "..................... 1780,'83 Hemsley, William.............. 1782,'84 Lee, Arthur.............. 1781,'84 Henry, John..................... 1778,'81 Lee, Francis Lightfoot....... 1775,'80 " "...................... 1784,'87 Lee, Henry........................ 1785,'88 Hindman, William............... 1784,'87 Lee, Richard Henry............ 1774,'80 Howard, John E................. 1787,'88 64 "............ 1784,'87 Jenifer, D., of St. Thomas.... 1778,'82 Madison, James, Jr............. 1780,'83 Johnson, Thomas................ 1775,'77 " "............. 1786,'88 Lee, Thomas Sim................ 1783,'84 Mercer, James............... 1779,'80 Lloyd, Edward................... 1783,'84 Mercer, John F.................. 1782,'85 Martin, Luther................... 1784,'85 Monroe, James................... 1783,'86 McHenry, James................ 1783,'86 Nelson, Thomas.............. 1775,'77 Paca, William.................... 1774,'79 "................. 1779,'80 Plater, George.................... 1778,'81 Page, Mann................... 1777,'77 Potts, Richard........... 1781,'82 Pendleton, Edmund............. 1774,'75 Ramsay, Nathaniel.............. 1785,'87 Randolph, Edmund............. 1779,'82 Ridgely, Richard................ 1785,'86 Randolph, Peyton.............. 1774,'75 Rogers, John..................... 1775,'76 Smith, Merewether.............. 1778,'82 Ross, David..................... 1786,'87 Washington, George............ 1774,'75 Rumsey, Benjamin.............. 1776,'78 Wythe, George.............. 1775,'77 Scott, Gustavus.................. 1784,'85 Seney, Joshua.................... 1787,'88 NORTH CAROLINA. Smith, William................... 1777,'78 Ashe, John B..................... 1787,'88 Stone, Thomas................... 1775,'79 Bloodworth, Timothy........... 1786,'87 APPENDIX. 105 FROM TO FROM TO Blount, William.................. 1782,'83 Laurens, Henry.............. 1777,'80.................. 1786,'87 Lynch, Thomas............. 1774,'76 Burke, Thomas................. 1777,'81 Lynch, Thomas, Jr........... 1776,'77 Burton, Robert.................. 1787,'88 Matthews, John............. 1778,'82 Caswell, Richard.............. 1774,'76 Middleton, Arthur............. 1776,'78 Cumming, William.............. 1784,'84. 1781,'83 Harnett, Cornelius............. 1777,'80 Middleton, Henry............... 1774,'76 Hawkins, Benjamin............ 1781,'84 Motte, Isaac............... 1780,'82,,,'............1786,'87 Parker, John................ 1786,'88 Hewes, Joseph...1774,'77 Pinckney, Charles................ 1777,'78....................... 1779,'80 " "............ 1784,'87 Hill, Whitmill.................... 1778,'81 Ramsay, David.................. 1782,'84 ooper, William................. 1774,'77 c "................... 1785,'86 Johnston, Samuel............ 1780,'82 Read, Jacob....................... 1783,'85 Jones, Allen...................... 1779,'80 Rutledge, Edward............ 1774,'77 Jones, Willie................... 1780,'81 Rutledge, John............ 1774,'77 Nash, Abner................... 1782,'84 c " "............. 1782,'83 14 46......... 178'86 Trapier, Paul................... 1777,'78 Penn, John....................... 1775,'76 Tucker, Thomas T.......... 1787,'88 " "....................... 1777,'80 Sitgreaves, John................. 1784,'85 GEORGIA. Sharpe, William.............. 1779,'82 Baldwin, Abraham............. 1785,'88 Spaight, Richard D......... 1783,'85 Brownson, Nathan........... 1776,'78 Swan, John................... 1787,'88 Bullock, Archibald............. 1775,'76 Williams, John........... 1778,'79 Clay, Joseph..................... 1778,'80 Williamson, Hugh............. 1782,'85 Few, William..................... 1780,'82 cc.............. 1787,'88 ".............c 1785,'88 White, Alexander............... 1786,'88 Gibbons, William............ 1784,'86 Gwinnett, Button............... 1776,'77 SOUTH CAROLINA. Habersham, John............... 1785,'86 Bee, Thomas............... 1780,'82 Hall, Lyman...................... 1775,'79 Beresford, Richard.............. 1783,'85 Houston, John................... 1775,'77 Bull, John....................... 1784,'87 Houston, William........... 1784,'87 Butler, Pierce.................... 1787,'88 Howley, Richard................ 1780,'81 Drayton, William Henry..... 1778,'79 Jones, Noble Wimberly.. 1775,'76 Eveleigh, Nicholas.............. 1781,'82 "..........1 1781,'83 Gadsden, Christopher..... 1774,'76 Langworthy, Edward........... 1777,'79 Gervais, John L................. 1782,'83 Pierce, W.................. 1786,'87 Heyward, Thomas, Jr......... 1776,'78 Telfair, Edward.................. 1777,'79 Huger, Daniel............. 1786,'88.............. 1780,'83Hutson, Richard................. 1778,'79 Walton, George.............. 1776,.'79 Izard, Ralph..................... 1782,'83 c c................., 1780,'81 Kean, John....................... 1785,'87 Wood, Joseph............... 1777,'79 Kinloch, Francis................ 1780,'81 Zubly, John J.................. 1775,'76 106 APPENDIX, PRESIDENTS OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS, FROM 1774 TO 1788. FROM ELECTED, Peyton Randolph................ Virginia................ September 5, 1774. Henry Middleton................. South Carolina............. October 22, 1774. Peyton Randolph............ Virginia..................... May 10, 1775. John Hancock................... Massachusetts........... May 24, 1775. Henry Laurens.................... South Carolina........... November 1, 1777. John Jay........................... New York............D...... December 10, 1778. Samuel Huntington............ Connecticut................ September 28, 1779. Thomas McKean.................. Delaware............. July 10, 1781. John Hanson..................... Maryland.............. November 5, 1781. Elias Boudinot.................... New Jersey................. ovember 4, 1782. Thomas Mifflin............... Pennsylvania............ November 3, 1783. Richard Henry Lee............... Virginia.................. November 80, 1784. Nathaniel Gorham............... Massachusetts............. June 6, 1786. Arthur St. Clair............... Pennsylvania.............. February 2, 1787. Cyrus Griffin.......... Virginia..................... January 22, 1788. SESSIONS OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS. The sessions of the Continental Congress were commenced as follows: — September 5, 1774, also May 10, 1775, at Philadelphiac December 20, 1776, at Baltimore; March 4, 1777, at Philadelphia; September 27, 1777, at Lancaster, Pennsylvania; September 30, 1777, at York, Pennsylvania; July 2, 1778, at Philadelphia; June 30,1783, at Princeton, New Jersey; November 26,1783, at Annapolis, Maryland; November 1, 1784, at Trenton, New Jersey; January 11, 1785, at New York, which, from that time, continued to be the place of meeting until the adoption of the Constitution of the United States. From 1781 to 1788, Congress met annually on the first Monday in November, pursuant to the articles of confederation. CONSTITUTION OF THE IUNITEID STATES OF AMERICA. WE, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this CONSTITUTION for the United States of America. ARTICLE I. SECTION 1. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. SECT. 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen every second year by the people of the several States, and the electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State Legislature. No person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen. Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free per sons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding In. dians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. The actual enumeration shall (107) 108 APPENDIX. be made within three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each State shall have at least one Representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and Georgia three. When vacancies happen in the representation from any State, the Executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies. The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other officers; and shall have the sole power of impeachment. SECT. 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The seats of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth year, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one-third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen by resignation, or otherwise, during the recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies. No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen. The Vice-President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no vote, unless they be equally divided. The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the absence of the Vice-President, or when he shall exercise the office of President of the United States. The Senate shall have the' sole power to try all impeachments. When sitting for that purpose, they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: and no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present. Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under the United States: but the party convicted shall nevertheless be APPENDIX. 109 liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, and punishment, according to law. SECT. 4. The times, places, and manner of holding elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by law make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law appoint a different day. SECT. 5. Each House shall be the judge of the elections, returns, and qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner, and under such penalties as each House may provide. Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member. Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may in their judgment require secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the members of either House on any question shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the journal. Neither House, during the session of Congress, shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting. SECT. 6. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compensation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States. They shall in all cases, except treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any speech or debate in either House, they shall not be questioned in any other place. No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased during such time; and no person holding any office under the United States, shall be a member of either House during his continuance in office. SECT. 7. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments as on other bills. Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the 110 APPEND I X. Senate, shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the President of the United States; if he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his objections, to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such reconsideration two-thirds of that House shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds of that House, it shall become a law. But in all such cases the votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each House respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted,) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their adjournment prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law. Every order, resolution, or vote, to which the concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary, (except on a question of adjournment,) shall be presented to the President of the United States; and before the same shall take effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two-thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill. SECT. 8. The Congress shall have power To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defence and general welfare of the United States; but all duties, imposts, and excises, shall be uniform throughout the United States; To borrow money on the credit of the United States; To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian tribes; To establish an uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States; To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures; To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States; To establish post-offices and post-roads; To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries; To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court; To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offences against the law of nations; APPENDI X. 111 To declare war, grant Letters of MIarque and Reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water; To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years; To provide and maintain a navy; To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces; To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions; To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress; To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such district (not exceeding ten miles square,) as may, by cession of particular States, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent of the Legislature of the State in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock-yards, and other needful buildings.; and To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof. SECT. 9. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person. The privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it. No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed. No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to the census or enumeration herein before directed to be taken. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any State. No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue to the ports of one State over those of another; nor shall vessels bound to or from one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another. No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in consequence of appropriations made by law; and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from time to time. No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States; and no person holding any office of profit or trust under them, shall, without the consent of 112 APPENDIX. the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title, of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign State. SECT. 10. No State shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation; grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto. law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility. No State shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection laws; and the net produce of all duties and imposts, laid by any State on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the Treasury of the United States; and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of the Congress. No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty of tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another State, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger, as will not admit of delay. ARTICLE II. SECTION 1. The Executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his office during the term of four years, and, together with the Vice-President, chosen for the same term, be elected, as follows: Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a number of Electors, equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress; but no Senator or Representative, or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector. E[ The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot for two persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves. And they shall make a list of all the persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each; which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if there be more * This clause within brackets has been superseded and annulled by the 12th amendment, on page 124. APPENDIX. 113 than one who have such majority, and have an equal number of votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately choose by ballot one of them for President; and if no person have a majority, then from the five highest on the list the said House shall in like manner choose the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each State having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. In every case, after the choice of the President, the person having the greatest number of votes of the Electors shall be the Vice-President. But if there should remain two or more who have equal votes, the Senate shall choose from them by ballot the Vice-President.] The Congress may determine the time of choosing the Electors, and the day on which they shall give their votes; which day shall be the same throughout the United States. No person except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United States at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of President; neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained to the age of thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resident within the United States. In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the same shall devolve on the Vice-President, and the Congress may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inability, both of the President and Vice-President, declaring what officer shall then act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly, until the disability be removed, or a President shall be elected. The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a compensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that period any other emolument from the United States, or any of them. Before he enter on the execution of his office, he shall take the following oath or affirmation:"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that Iwill fafthfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States." SECT. 2. The President shall be Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual service of the United States; he may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the Executive Departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices, and he shall have power to grant 8* 114 APPENDIX. reprieves and pardons for offences against the United States, except in cases of impeachment. He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States, whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law; but the Congress may by law vest the appointment of such inferior officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of law, or in the heads of Departments. The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which shall expire at the end of their next session. SECT. 3. He shall from time to time give to the Congress information of the state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in case of disagreement between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper; he shall receive Ambassadors and other public Ministers; he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, and shall commission all the officers of the United States. SECT. 4. The President, Vice-President, and all civil officers of the United States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. ARTICLE III. SECTION 1. The Judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compensation, which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office. SECT. 2. The Judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority; to all cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers, and Consuls; to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction; to controversies to which the United States shall be a party; to controversies between two or more States; between a State and citizens of an APPENDIX. 115 other State; between citizens of different States; between citizens of the same State claiming lands under grants of different States; and between a State, or the citizens thereof, and foreign States, citizens, or subjects. In all cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers, and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be party, the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction. In all the other cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions, and under such regulations as the Congress shall make. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury; and such trial shall be held in the State where the said crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within any State, the trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have directed. SECT. 3. Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court. The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason, but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted. ARTTICLE IV. SECTION 1. Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may by general laws prescribe the manner in which such acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof. SECT. 2. The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States. A person charged in any State with treason, felony, or other crime, who shall flee from justice, and be found in another State, shall on demand of the Executive authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having jurisdiction of the crime. No person held to service or labor in one State, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due. SECT. 3. New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new State shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be formed by the junction of two or more States, or parts 116 APP E NDIX. of States, without the consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned, as well as of the Congress. The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of the United States, or of any particular State. SECT. 4. The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion; and on application of the Legislature, or of the Executive, (when the Legislature cannot be convened,) against domestic violence. ARTICLE V. The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the application of the Legislatures of two-thirds of the several States, shall call a Convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of threefourths of the several States, or by Conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by the Congress; Provided, that no amendment which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first Article; and that no State, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate. ARTICLE VI. All debts contracted and engagements entered into, before the adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution, as under the Confederation. This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof; and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, anything in the Constitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding. The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the members of the several State Legislatures, and all Executive and Judicial officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by oath or affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States. APPENDIX. 117 ARTICLE VII. The ratification of the Conventions of nine States shall be sufficient for the establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the same. DONE in Convention by the unanimous consent of the States present, the seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of the Independence of the United States of America the twelfth. IN WITNESS whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names, GEORGE WASHINGTON, President and Deputy from Virginia. NEW HAMPSHIRE. John Langdon, Nicholas Gilman. MASSACHUSETTS. Nathaniel Gorham, Rufus King. CONNECTICUT. William S. Johnson, Roger Sherman. NEW YoRK. Alexander Hamilton. NEW JERSEY. William Livingston, David Brearley, William Paterson, Jonathan Dayton. PENNSYLVANIA. Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Mifflin, Robert Morris, George Clymer, Thomas Fitzsimmons, Jared Ingersoll, James Wilson, Gouverneur Morris. DELAWARE. George Read, Gunning Bedford, Jr. John Dickinson, Richard Bassett. Jaco. Broom, MARYLAND. James Mclenry, Daniel Jenifer, of St. Thomas. Daniel Carroll, VIRGINIA. John Blair, James Madison, Jr. 118 APPENDIX. NORTH CAROLINA. William Blount, Richard D. Spaight. Hugh Williamson, SOUTH CAROLINA. J. Rutledge, Charles C. Pinckney, Charles Pinckney, Pierce Butler. GEOORGIA. WVilliam Few, Abraham Baldwin. Attest: WILLIAM JACKSON, Secretairy. STATE RATIFICATIONS OF THE CONSTITUTION. The Constititution was adopted September 17, 1787, by the Convention appointed in pursuance of the resolution of the Congress of the Confederation of February 21, 1787, and was ratified by the Conventions of the several States as follows, viz.:By Convention of Delaware....... December 7, 1787. I' " r Pennsylvania..... December 12, 1787. C;'6 New Jersey....... December 18, 1787. Georgia........ January 2, 1788. *6 "d Connecticut.. January 9, 1788. 66 " i Massachusetts.. February 6, 1788. L"'~ Maryland....... April 28, 1788. r" r" South Carolina.... May 23, 1788. *' " I New Hampshire..... June 21, 1788.... " Virginia........ June 26, 1788. (" " New York.. July 26, 1788. "6 "( North Carolina.November 21, 1789. I5" " Rhode Island..... May 29, 1790. ARTICLES IN ADDITION TO, AND AMENDMENT OF, THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, PROPOSED BY CONGRESS, AND RATIFIED BY THE LEGISLATURES OF THE SEVERAL STATES, PURSUANT TO THE FIFTH ARTICLE OF THE ORIGINAL CONSTITUTION. ARTICLE I. CONGRESS shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. ARTICLE II. A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. ARTICLE III. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. ARTICLE IV. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. (119) 120 APPENDI X. ARTICLE V. No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. ARTICLE VI. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defence. ARTICLE VII. In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law. ARTICLE VIII. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. ARTICLE IX. The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. ARTICLE X. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. APPENDIX. 121 ARTICLE XI. The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another State, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign State. ARTICLE XII. The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as VicePresident, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the Government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted; the person having the greatest number of votes for President shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers, not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each State having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the VicePresident; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States. 122 APPENDIX. THE FOLLOWING IS PREFIXED TO THE FIRST TEN* OF THE PRECEDING AMENDMENTS. CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OF NEW YORK, ON WEDNESDAY, THE FOURTH OF MARCH, ONE THOUSAND SEVEN HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-NINE. THE Conventions of a number of the States having, at the time of their adopting the Constitution, expressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction or abuse of its powers, that further declaratory and restrictive clauses should be added; and as extending the ground of public confidence in the Government will best insure the beneficent ends of its institution,ResoZved, by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, two-thirds of both Houses concurring, That the following articles be proposed to the Legislatures of the several States, as amendments to the Constitution of the United States, all, or any of which articles, when ratified by three-fourths of the said Legislature, to be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of the said Constitution, viz.:Articles in addition to, and amendment of, the Constitution of the United States of America, proposed by Congress, and ratified by the Legislatures of the several States pursuant to the fifth Article of the original Constitution. - It may be proper here to state that twelve articles of amendment were proposed by the First Congress, of which but ten were ratified by the States-the first and second in order not having been ratified by the requisite number of States. These two were as follows:Article First.-After the first enumeration required by the first Article of the Constitution, there shall be one Representative for every thirty thousand, until the number shall amount to one hundred, after which, the proportion shall be so regulated by Congress, that there shall not be less than one hundred Representatives, nor less than one Representative for every forty thousand persons, until the number of Representatives shall amount to two hundred, after which the proportion shall be so regulated by Congress that there shall not be less than two hundred Representatives, nor more than one Representative for every fifty thousand persons. Article Second. —No law, varying the compensation for the services of the Senators and Representatives, shall take effect until an election of Representatives shall have intervened. AP PEND IX. 123 The first ten amendments of the Constitution were ratified by the States as follows, viz.:By New Jersey............ November 20, 1789. "Maryland............ December 19, 1789. " North Carolina......... December 22, 1789. "South Carolina........... January 19, 1790. "New Hampshire.......... January 25, 1790. "Delaware..January 28, 1790. "Pennsylvania........... March 10, 1790. " New York........... March 27, 1790. " Rhode Island.. June 15, 1790. V" ermont............. November 3, 1791. "Virginia............ December 15, 1791. THE FOLLO)YING IS PREFIXED TO THE ELEVENTH OF THE PRECEDING AMENDMENTS. THIRD CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, AT THE FIRST SESSION, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA, IN THE STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA, ON MONDAY, THE SECOND OF DECEMBER, ONE THOUSAND SEVEN HUNDRED AND NINETY-THREE. Resolved, by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, two-thirds of both Houses concurring, That the following article be proposed to the Legislatures of the several States as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States; which, when ratified by three-fourths of the said Legislatures shall be valid as part of the said Constitution, viz.: 124 APPENDIX. THE FOLLOWING IS PREFIXED TO THE TWELFTH OF THE PRECEDING AMENDMENTS. EIGHTH CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, AT THE FIRST SESSION, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OF WASHINGTON, IN THE TERRITORY OF COLUMBIA, ON MONDAY, THE SEVENTEENTH OF OCTOBER, ONE THOUSAND EIGHT HUNDRED AND THREE. Resolved, by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, two-thirds of both Houses concurring, That in lieu of the third paragraph of the first section of the second Article of the Constitution of the United States, the following be proposed as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States; which, when ratified by three-fourths of the Legislatures of the several States, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of the said Constitution, to wit:The ten first of the preceding amendments were proposed at the first session of the First Congress of the United States, September 25, 1789, and were finally ratified by the constitutional number of States, December 15, 1791. The eleventh amendment was proposed at the first session of the Third Congress, March 5, 1794, and was declared, in a message from the President of the United States to both houses of Congress, dated January 8, 1798, to have been adopted by the constitutional number of States. The twelfth amendment was proposed at the first session of the Eighth Congress, December 12, 1803, and was adopted by the constitutional number of States in 1804, according to a public notice thereof by the Secretary of State, dated September 25 of the same year. ORGANIZATION OF THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS. STATE DEPARTMENT. THE number of persons employed in the Department of State of the United States, is seventeen, as follows: One Secretary of State, one Assistant Secretary of State, one Chief Clerk, twelve Clerks, one Translator, and one Librarian. DIPLOMATIC BRANCH. This branch of the State Department has charge of all correspondence between the Department and other diplomatic agents of the United States abroad, and those of foreign powers accredited to this Government. In it all diplomatic instructions sent from the Department, and communications to Commissioners under treaties of boundaries, etc., are prepared, copied, and recorded; and all of like character received are registered and filed, their contents being first entered in an analytic table or index. CONSULAR BRANCH. This branch has charge of the correspondence, etc., between the Department and the Consuls and Commercial Agents of the United States. In it instructions to those officers, and answers to their dispatches and to letters from other persons asking for consular agency, or relating to consular affairs, are prepared and recorded. THE DISBURSING AGENT. He has charge of all correspondence and other matters connected with accounts relating to any fund with the disbursement of which the Department is charged. THE TRANSLATOR. His duties are to furnish such translations as the Department may require. He also records the commissions of Consuls and Vice-Consuls, when not in English, upon which exequaturs are issued. CLERK OF APPOINTMENTS AND COMIMISSIONS. He makes out and records commissions, letters of appointment, and nominations to the Senate; makes out and records exequaturs, and records, when in English, the commissions on which they are issued. Has charge of the library. (125) 126 APPENDIX. CLERK OF THE ROLLS AND ARCHIVES. He takes charge of the rolls, or enrolled acts and resolutions of Congress, as they are received at the Department from the President; prepares the authenticated copies thereof which are called for; prepares for, and superintends their publication, and that of treaties, in the newspapers and in book form; attends to their distribution throughout the United States, and that of all documents and publications in regard to which this duty is assigned to the Department; writing and answering all letters connected therewith. Has charge of all Indian treaties, and business relating thereto. CLERK OF AUTHENTICATIONS AND COPYRIGHTS. He has charge of the seals of the United States and of the Department, and prepares and attaches certificates to papers presented for authentication; receives and accounts for the fees. Has charge of publications transmitted to the Department under the laws relating to copyrights; records and indexes their titles; records all letters from the Department, other than the diplomatic and consular. CLERK OF PARDONS AND PASSPORTS. He prepares and records pardons and remissions; and registers and files the petitions and papers on which they are founded. Makes out and records passports; keeps a daily register of all letters, other than diplomatic and consular, received, and of the disposition made of them; prepares letters relating to this business. ATTORNE Y-GENERAL'S OFFICE. Attorney-General of the United States; Chief Clerk; and several Copying Clerks. The ordinary business of this office may be classified under the following heads:1. Official opinions on the current business of the Government, as called for by the President, by any head of Department, or by the Solicitor of the Treasury. 2. Examination of the titles of all land purchased, as the sites of arsenals, custom-houses, light-houses, and all other public works of the United States. 3. Applications for pardons in all cases of conviction in the Courts of the United States. 4. Applications for appointment in all the judicial and legal business of the Government. 5. The conduct and argument of all suits in the Supreme Court of the United States in which the Government is concerned. 6. The supervision of all other suits arising in any of the Departments when referred by the head thereof to the Attorney-General. To these ordinary heads of the business of the office are added at the present time the following, viz.:First. The direction of all appeals on land claims in California. Second. The codification and revision of the laws of the District of Columbia. APPENDIX. 127 IN TERIOR DEPAiRTMENT. Secretary of the Department of the Interior. Its clerical force consists of one chief clerk; two disbursing clerks; and ten other regular clerks; and to its supervision and management are committed the following branches of the public service:1ST. THE PUBLIC LANTDS.-The chief of this bureau is called the Commissioner of the General Land-office. The Land Bureau is charged with the survey, management, and sale of the public domain, and the issuing of titles therefor, whether derived from confirmations of grants made by former governments, by sales, donations, of grants for schools, military bounties, or public improvements, and likewise the revision of Virginia military bounty-land claims, and the issuing of scrip in lieu thereof. The Land-office, also, audits its own accounts. Its principal officers are a recorder, chief clerk, principal clerk of surveys, besides a draughtsman, assistant draughtsman, and some one hundred and fifty clerks of various grades. 2D. PENSIONS.-The Commissioner is charged with the examination and adjudication of all claims arising under the various and numerous laws passed by Congress granting bounty-land or pensions for the military or naval services in the revolutionary and subsequent wars in which the United States have been engaged. He has one chief clerk, and a permanent corps consisting of some ninety other clerks. 3D. INDIANSs.-Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Is provided with a chief clerk, and about fifteen other subordinate clerks. 4TH. PATENT-OFFICE. —TO this bureau is committed the execution and performance of all " acts and things touching and respecting the granting and issuing of patents for new and useful discoveries, inventions, and improvements;" the collection of statistics relating to agriculture, the collection and distribution of seeds, plants, and cuttings. It has a chief clerk, who is by law the acting Commissioner of Patents in the absence of the Commissioner; twelve principal, and twelve assistant examiners of patents, some dozen subordinate permanent clerks, besides a considerable number of temporary employees. Besides these four principal branches of this Executive Department, the organic act of 1849 transferred to it from the Treasury Department the supervision of the accounts of the United States Marshals and Attorneys, and the Clerks of the United States Courts, the management of the lead and other mines of the United States, and the affairs of the Penitentiary of the United States in the District of Columbia; and from the State Department, the duty of taking and returning the Censuses of the United States, and of supervising and directing the acts of the Commissioner of Public Buildings. The Hospital for the Insane of the Army and Navy and of the District of Columbia is also under the management of this Department; in addition to which, by laws recently passed, the Secretary of the Interior is charged with the construction of the three wagon roads leading to the Pacific coast. The Department requires an additional building for its accommodation, and 128 APPENDI X. the erection of one has been repeatedly recommended, during the last few years, for that purpose. At present the Pension-office is provided with rooms in what is known as "WVinden's Building," while the other branches of the Department, including the Secretary's office, are all crowded into the Patent-office Building, the whole of which will be required at an early day for the use of the Patentoffice, for which it was originally intended. TREASURY DEPARTMENT. The Treasury Department consists of the offices of the Secretary of the Treasury, two comptrollers, commissioner of the customs, six auditors, treasurer, register, solicitor, light-house board, and coast survey. The following is a brief indication of the duties of these several offices, and of the force employed therein, respectively:SECRETARY'S OFFICE. Secretary of the Treasury, assistant secretary, one engineer in charge, one architect, and three draughtsmen temporarily employed, and twenty-three clerks. The Secretary of the Treasury is charged with the general supervision of the fiscal transactions of the Government, and of the execution of the laws concerning the commerce and navigation of the United States. He superintends the survey of the coast, the light-house establishment, the marine hospitals of the United States, and the construction of certain public buildings for custom-houses and other purposes. FIRST COMPTROLLER S OFFICE. Comptroller and fifteen clerks. He prescribes the mode of keeping and rendering accounts for the civil and diplomatic service, as well as the public lands, and revises and certifies the balances arising thereon. SECOND COMPTROLLER'S OFFICE. Comptroller and seventeen clerks. He prescribes the mode of keeping and rendering the accounts of the army, navy, and Indian departments of the public service, and revises and certifies the balances arising thereon. OFFICE OF COMMISSIONER OF THE CUSTOMS. Commissioner and eleven clerks. He prescribes the mode of keeping and rendering the accounts of the customs revenue and disbursements, and for the building and repairing custom-houses, etc., and revises and certifies the balances arising thereon. FIRST AUDITOR'S OFFICE. First Auditor and nineteen clerks. He receives and adjusts the accounts of the customs revenue and disbursements, appropriations and expenditures on account of the civil list and under private acts of Congress, and reports the balances to the Commissioner of the Customs and the First Comptroller, respectively, for their decision thereon. APPENDIX. 129 SECOND AUDITOR'S OFFICE. Second Auditor and twenty-one clerks. He receives and adjusts all accounts relating to the pay, clothing, and recruiting of the army, as well as armories, arsenals, and ordnance, and all accounts relating to the Indian Department, and reports the balances to the Second Comptroller for his decision thereon. THIRD AUDITOR'S OFFICE. Third Auditor and seventy-eight clerks. He receives and adjusts all accounts for subsistence of the army, fortifications, Military Academy, military roads, and the Quartermaster's department, as well as for pensions, claims arising from military services previous to 1816, and for horses and other property lost in the military service, under various acts of Congress, and reports the balances to the Second Comptroller for his decision thereon. FOURTH AUDITOR S OFFICE. Fourth Auditor and sixteen clerks. He receives and adjusts all accounts for the service of the:Navy Department, and reports the balances to the Second Comptroller for his decision thereon. FIFTH AUDITOR'S OFFICE. Fifth Auditor and six clerks. He receives and adjusts all accounts for diplomatic and similar services performed under the direction of the State Department, and reports the balances to the First Comptroller for his decision thereon. SIXTH AUDITOR S OFFICE. Auditor of the Treasury for the Post-office Department and one hundred and fourteen clerks. He receives and adjusts all accounts arising from the service of the Post-office Department. His decisions are final, unless an appeal be taken in twelve months to the First Comptroller. He superintends the collection of all debts due the Post-office Department, and all penalties and forfeitures imposed on postmasters and mail contractors for failing to do their duty; he directs suits and legal proceedings, civil and criminal, and takes all such measures as may be authorized bylaw to enforce the prompt payment of moneys due to the department; instructing United States attorneys, marshals, and clerks in all matters relating thereto; and receives returns from each term of the United States Courts of the condition and progress of such suits and legal proceedings; has charge of all lands and other property assigned to the United States in payment of debts due the Post-office Department, and has power to sell and dispose of the same for the benefit of the United States. TREASURER S OFFICE. Treasurer and thirteen clerks. He receives and keeps the moneys of the United States in his own office, and that of the depositories, created by the Act of August 6, 1846, and pays out the same upon warrants drawn by the Secretary of the Treasury, countersigned by the First Comptroller, and upon warrants 9* 130 APPENDIX. drawn by the Postmaster-General, and countersigned by the Sixth Auditor, and recorded by the Register. He also holds public moneys advanced by warrant to disbursing officers, and pays out the same upon their checks. REGISTER'S OFFICE. Register and twenty-nine clerks. He keeps the accounts of public receipts and expenditures; receives the returns and makes out the official statement of commerce and navigation of the United States; and receives from the First Comptroller and Commissioner of Customs all accounts and vouchers decided by them, and is charged by law with their safe keeping. SOLICITOR'S OFFICE. Solicitor and six clerks. He superintends all civil suits commenced by the United States, (except those arisfnzg in the Post-office Department,) and instructs the United States attorneys, marshals, and clerks in all matters relating to them and their results. He receives returns from each term of the United States Courts, showing the progress and condition of such suits; has charge of all lands and other property assigned to the United States in payment of debts, (except those assigned in payment of debts due the Post-office Decpartment,) and has power to sell and dispose of the same for the benefit of the United States. LIGHT-EOUSE BOARD. Secretary of the Treasury, ex-officio President; Coin. W. B. Shubrick, United States Navy, Chairman; Major A. H. Bowman, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, Capt. A. A. Humphreys, United States Army, Prof. A. D. Bache, Superintendent of Coast Survey, Prof. Joseph Henry, Secretary of Smithsonian Institution, Com. E. G. Tilton, United States Navy, Com. Thornton A. Jenkins, United States Navy, and Capt. William B. Franklin, United States Army, Secretaries; and five clerks. This board directs the building and repairing of lighthouses, light-vessels, buoys, and beacons, contracts for supplies of oil, etc. UNITED STATES COAST SURVEY. Prof. A. D. Bache, LL.D., Superintendent, and Superintendent of Weights and Measures; Capt. William R. Palmer, Corps Topographical Engineers, United States Army; Lieut. A. P. Hill, United States Army, assistant, in charge of the Coast Survey Office. The other officers are: —A chief clerk, clerk in charge of archives, computer of longitudes, clerk in charge of computing division, assistant clerk in charge of tidal division, United States officer in charge of drawing division, United States officer in charge of engraving division, a disbursing agent, an electrotypist, and an assistant to superintendent of weights and measures. APPENDIX.o 31 POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENTo Postmaster-General. The direction and management of the Post-office Department are assigned by the Constitution and laws to the Postmaster-General. That its business may be the more conveniently arranged and prepared for his final action, it is distributed among several bureaus, as follows:r-The Appointment Office, in charge of the First Assistant Postmaster-General; the Contract Office, in charge of the Second Assistant Postmaster-General; the Finance Office, in charge of the Third Assistant Postmnaster-General; and the Inspection Office, in charge of the Chief Clerk. APPOINTMENT OFFICE. First Assistant Postmaster-General and nineteen clerks. To this office are assigned all questions which relate to the establishment and discontinuance of post-offices, changes of sites and names, appointment and removal of postmlasters, and route and local agents, as, also, the giving of instructions to postimasters. Postmasters are furnished with marking and rating stamps and letter b lanCees )by this bureau, which is chargeld also with providin blanlks and stationery for the use of the Department, and with the superintendence of the several agencies established for supplying postmasters with blanks. To this bureau is likewise assigned the supervision of the ocean mail steamship lines, and of the foreign and international postal arrangements. CONTRACT OFFICE. Second Assistant Postmaster-General and twenty-six clerks. To this office is assigned the business of arranging the mail service of the United States, and placing the same under contract, embracing all correspondence and proceedings respecting the fiequency of trips, mode of conveyance, and times of departures and arrivals on all the routes; the course of the mail between the different sections of the country, the points of mail distribution, and the regulations for the government of the domestic mail service of the United States. It prepares the advertisements for.mail proposals, receives the bids, and takes charge of the annual and occasional mail lettings, and the adjustment and execution of the contracts. All applications for the establishment or alteration of mail arrangements, and the appointment of mail messengers, should be sent to this office. All claims should be submitted to it for transportation service not under contract, as the recognition of said service is first to be obtained through the Contract Office as a necessary authority for the proper credits at the Auditor's office. From this office all postmasters at the ends of routes receive the statement of mail arrangements prescribed for the respective routes, It reports weekly to the Auditor all contracts executed, and all orders affecting accounts for mail transportation; prepares the statistical exhibits of the mail service, and the reports of the mail lettings, giving a statement of each bid; also, of the contracts made, the new service originated, the curtailments ordered, and the additional allowances granted within the year. 132 APPENDIX. FINANCE OFFICE. Third Assistant Postmaster-General and twenty-one clerks. To this office are assigned the supervision and management of the financial business of the Department, not devolved by law upon the Auditor, embracing accounts with the draft offices and other depositories of the Department, the issuing of warrants and drafts in payment of balances, reported by the Auditor to be due to mail contractors and other persons, the supervision of the accounts of offices under orders to deposit their quarterly balances at designated points, and the superintendence of the rendition by postmasters of their quarterly returns of postages. It has charge of the dead-letter office, of the issuing of postage stamps and stamped envelopes for the prepayment of postage, and of the accounts connected therewith. To the Third Assistant Postmaster-General all postmasters should direct their quarterly returns of postage; those at draft offices their letters reporting quarterly the net proceeds of their offices; and those at depositing offices their certificates of deposit; to him should also be directed the weekly and monthly returns of the depositaries of the Department, as well as all applications and receipts for postage stamps and stamped envelopes, and for dead-letters. INSPECTION OFFICE. Chief clerk and seventeen clerks. To this office is assigned the duty of receiving and examining the registers of the arrivals and departures of the mails, certificates of the service of route agents, and reports of mail failures; of noting the delinquencies of contractors, and preparing cases thereon for the action of the Postmaster-General; furnishing blanks for mail registers, and reports of mail failures; providing and sending out mail-bags and mail-locks and keys, and doing all other things which may be necessary to secure a faithful and exact performance of all mail contracts. All cases of mail depredation, of violation of law by private expresses, or by the forging or illegal use of postage stamps, are under the supervision of this office, and should be reported to it. All communications respecting lost money, letters, mail depredations, or other violations of law, or mail-locks and keys, should be directed, " Chief Clerk, Postoffice Department." All registers of the arrivals and departures of the mails, certificates of the service of route agents, reports of mail failures, applications for blank registers, and reports of failures, and all complaints against contractors for irregular or imperfect service, should be directed, "Inspection-office, Post-office Department." APPENDIX. 133 NAVY DEPARTMENT. The Navy Department consists of the Navy Department proper, being the office of the Secretary and of five bureaus attached thereto, viz.: Bureau of Navy-yards and Docks; Bureau of Construction, Equipment, and Repair; Bureau of Provisions and Clothing; Bureau of Ordnance and Hydrography; and the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery. The following is a statement of the duties of each of these offices and of the force employed therein:SECRETARY'S OFFICE. Secretary of the Navy, chief clerk, and eleven clerks. The Secretary of the Navy has charge of everything connected with the naval establishment, and the execution of all laws relating thereto is intrusted to him, under the general direc-.tion of the President of the United States, who, by the Constitution, is Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy. All instructions to commanders of squadrons, and commanders of vessels, all orders of officers, commissions of officers both in the navy and marine corps, appointments of commissioned and warrant officers, orders for the enlistment and discharge of seamen, emanate from the Secretary's office. All the duties of the different bureaus are performed under the authority of the Secretary, and their orders are considered as emanating from him. The general superintendence of the marine corps forms, also, a part of the duties of the Secretary, and all the orders of the commandant of that corps should be approved by him. BUREAU OF NAVY-YARDS AND DOCKS. Commodore Joseph Smith, chief of the bureau, four clerks, one civil engineer, and one draughtsman. All the navy-yards, docks, and wharves, buildings and machinery in navy-yards, and everything immediately connected with them, are under the superintendence of this bureau. It is also charged with the management of the Naval Asylum. BUREAU OF CONSTRUCTION, EQUIPMENT, AND REPAIR. Chief of the bureau, eight clerks, and one draughtsman. The office of the Engineer-in-Chief of the Navy is attached to this bureau, who is assisted by three assistant engineers. This bureau has charge of the building and repairs of all vessels-of-war, purchase of materials, and the providing of all vessels with their equipments, as sails, anchors, water-tanks, etc. The Engineer-in-Chief superintends the construction of all marine steam-engines for the navy, and, with the approval of the Secretary, decides upon plans for their construction. BUREAU OF PROVISIONS AND CLOTHING. Purser, United States Navy, chief of bureau, and four clerks. All provisions for the use of the navy, and clothing, together with the making of contracts for furnishing the same, come under the charge of this bureau. 134 APPENDIX. BUREAU OF ORDNANCE AND HYDROGRAPHY. Captain Duncan Ingraham, chief of bureau, four clerks, and one draughtsman. This bureau has charge of all ordnance and ordnance stores, the manufacture or purchase of cannon, guns, powder, shot, shells, etc., and the equipment of vesselsof-war, with everything connected therewith. It also provides them with maps, charts, chronometers, barometers, etc., together with such books as are furnished ships-of-war. "The United States Naval Observatory and HIIydrographical Office," at Washington, and the Naval Academy, at Annapolis, are also under the general superintendence of the chief of this bureau. BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY. Dr. William Whelan, Surgeon, United States Navy, chief of bureau, one passed assistant surgeon United States Navy, and two clerks. Everything relating to medicines and medical stores, treatment of sick and wounded, and management. of hospitals, comes within the superintendence of this bureau. WTAR DEPARTMEN T. Secretary of War, chief clerk, seven subordinate clerks, two messengers, and four watchmen. The following bureaus are attached to this Department:COMMANDING GENERAL S OFFICE. This office, at the head of which is Lieutenant-General Scott, is at New York. ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S OFFICE. Colonel Samuel Cooper, Adjutant-General. Assistants: Brevet-Major E. D. Townsend, Brevet-Captain S. Williams, and Brevet-Captain J. P. Garesche. Judge-Advocate, Brevet-Major John F. Lee; nine clerks and one messenger. In this office are kept all the records which refer to the personel of the army, the rolls, etc. It is here where all military commissions are made out. QUARTERMASTER-GENERAL'S OFFICE. Brevet-Major-General T. S. Jesup, Quartermaster-General. Assistants:Colonel C. Thomas, Captain M. S. Miller, and Brevet-Major J. Belger; eleven clerks, and one messenger. PAYMASTER-GENERAL'S OFFICE. Colonel B. F. Larned, Paymaster-General; Major T. J. Leslie, District Paymaster; eight clerks, and one messenger. APPENDIX. 135 COIIMMISSARY-GENERAL S OFFICE. General George Gibson, Commissary-General; Assistant: Captain M. D. L. Simpson; six clerks, and one messenger. SURGEON-GENERAL'S OFFICE. General Thomas Lawson, Surgeon-General; Assistants: Dr. R. C. Wood, and Dr. G. K. Wood; three clerks. ENGINEER'S OFFICE. General Joseph G. Totten, Chief Engineer; Assistant: Captain H. G. Wright; five clerks, and one messenger. TOPOGRAPHICAL BUREAU. Colonel J. J. Abert, colonel of the corps; Assistant: Captain J. C. Woodruff; four clerks, and one messenger. ORDNANCE BUREAU. Colonel H. R. Craig, Colonel of Ordnance; Assistant: Captain William Maynadier; eight clerks, and one messenger. 136 APPENDIX. THE SEVERAL STATES AND TERRITORIES OF THE AMERICAN UNION. THE THIRTEEN ORIGINAL STATES THAT FORMED AND CONFIRMED THE UNION, BY THE ADOPTION OF THE CONSTITUTION, ARE AS FOLLOWS:NEW HAMPSHIRE. FIsrT settled at Dover and Portsmouth, in 1623. Embraced under the charters of Massachusetts, and continued under the same jurisdiction until September 18, 1679, when a separate charter and government was granted. A Constitution was formed January 5, 1776, which was altered in 1784, and was further altered and amended February 13, 1792. This State ratified the Constitution of the United States, June 21, 1788. Area, 9280 square miles. Population in 1850, 317,976. MASSACHUSETTS. First settled at Plymouth, by English Puritans from Holland, who landed December 22, 1620. Chartered March 4, 1629; also chartered January 13, 1630; an explanatory charter granted August 20, 1726; and more completely chartered October 7, 1731. Formed a Constitution March 2, 1780, which was altered and amended November 3, 1820. Ratified the Constitution of the United States, February 6, 1788. Area, 7500 square miles. Population in 1850, 994,514. RHODE ISLAND. Embraced under the charters of Massachusetts, and continued under the same jurisdiction until July 8, 1662, when a separate charter was granted, which continued in force until a Constitution was formed, September, 1842. Ratified the Constitution of the United States, MIay 29, 1790. Area, 1360 square miles. Population in 1850, 147,545. APPENDIX. 137 CONNECTICUT. Embraced under the charters of Massachusetts, and continued under the same jurisdiction until April 23, 1662, when a separate charter was granted, which continued in force until a Constitution was formed, September 15, 1818. Ratified the Constitution of the United States, January 9, 1788. Area, 4674 square miles. Population in 1850, 370,792. NEW YORK. Granted to Duke of York, March 20, 1664, April 26, 1664, and June 24, 1664. Newly patented February 9, 1674; formed a Constitution April 20, 1777, which was amended October 27, 1801, and further amended November 10, 1821. A new Constitution was formed in 1846. Ratified the Constitution of the United States, July 26, 1788. Area, 47,000 square miles. Population in 1850, 3,097,394. NEW JERSEY. Held under same grants as New York; separated into East and West Jersey March 3, 1677. The government surrendered to the Crown in 1702, and so continued until the formation of a Constitution, July 2, 1776. Ratified the Constitution of the United States, December 15, 1787. Area, 8320 square miles. Population in 1850, 489,555. PENNSYLVANIA. Chartered February 28, 1681; formed a Constitution September 28, 1776; amended, September 2, 1790. Ratified the Constitution of the United States, December.12, 1787. Area, 46,000 square miles. Population in 1850, 2,311,786. DELAWARE. Embraced in the charter, and continued under the government of Pennsylvania until the formation of a Constitution, September 20, 1776; a new Constitution formed June 12, 1792. Ratified the Constitution of the United States, December 7, 1787. Area, 2120 square miles. Population in 1850, 91,532. MARYLAND. Chartered June 20, 1632; formed a Constitution August 14, 1776, which was amended in 1795 and 1799, and further amended in November, 1812. Ratified the Constitution of the United States, April 28, 1788. Area, 9356 square miles. Population in 1850, 583,034. VIRGINIA. Chartered April 10, 1606, May 23, 1609, and March 12, 1612; formed a Constitution July 5, 1776; amended, January 15, 1830. Ratified the Constitution of the United States, June 26, 1783. Area, 61,352 square miles. Population in 1850, 1,421,661. 138 APPENDIX. NORTH CAROLINA. Chartered March 20, 1663, and June 30, 1665; formed a Constitution December 18, 1776, which was amended in 1835. Ratified the Constitution of the United States, November 21, 1789. Area, 50,704 square miles. Population in 1850, 869,089. SOUTH CAROLINA. Embraced in the charters of Carolina or North Carolina, from which it was separated in 1729; formed a Constitution March 26, 1776, which was amended March 19, 1778, and June 3, 1790. Ratified the Constitution of the United States, MIay 23, 1788. Area, 29,585 square miles. Population in 1850, 668,507. GEORGIA. Chartered June 9, 1732; formed a Constitution February 5, 1777, a second in 1785, and a third May 30, 1798. Ratified the Constitution of the United States, January 2, 1788. Area, 58,000 square miles. Population in 1850, 906,185. THE STATES ADMITTED INTO THE UNION, SINCE THE ADOPTION OF THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION, ARE AS FOLLOWS: VERMONT. Formed from territory of New York. Admitted March 4, 1791. A Constitution adopted July 9, 1793. Area, 10,212 square miles. Population in 1850, 314,120. KENTUCKY. Formed from territory of Virginia. Admitted June 1, 1792. A Constitution laid before Congress November 7, 1792. A new Constitution adopted August 17, 1799. Area, 37,680 square miles. Population in 1850, 982,405. TENNESSEE. Formed from territory of North Carolina. Adopted a Constitution February 6, 1796. Admitted June 1, 1796. Area, 45,600 square miles. Population in 1850, 1,002,717. APPEND IX. 139 OHIO. Formed from Northwest territory. Adopted a Constitution November 1, 1802. Admitted November 29, 1802. Area, 39,964 square miles. Population in 1850, 1,980,329. LOUISIANA. Formed from French territory. Adopted a Constitution January 22, 1812. Admitted April 8, 1812. Area, 41,225 square miles. Population in 1850, 517,762. INDIANA. Formed from Northwest territory. Adopted a Constitution June 29, 1816. Admitted December 11, 1816. Area, 33,809 square miles. Population in 1850, 988,416. MISSISSIPPI. Formed from territory of South Carolina and Georgia. Adopted a Constitution March 1, 1817. Admitted December 10, 1817. Area, 47,156 square miles. Population in 1850, 606,526. ILLINOIS. Formed from Northwest territory. Adopted a Constitution August 26, 1818. Admitted December 3, 1818. Area, 55,409 square miles. Population in 1850, 851,470. ALABAMA. Formed from territory of South Carolina and Georgia. Adopted a Constitution August 2, 1819. Admitted December 14, 1819. Area, 50,722 square miles. Population in 1850, 771,623. MAINE. Formed from territory of Massachusetts. Adopted a Constitution October 29, 1819. Admitted March 15, 1820. Area, 31,766 square miles. Population in 1850, 583,169. MISSOURI. Formed from French territory. Adopted a Constitution July 19, 1820. Admitted August 10, 1821. Area, 67,380 square miles. Population in 1850, 682,044. 140 AP PEND I X. ARKANSAS. Formed from French territory. Presented a Constitution March 1, 1836. Admitted June 15, 1836. Area, 52,198 square miles. Population in 1850, 209,897. MICHIGAN. Formed from territory originally belonging to Virginia. Presented a memorial for admission January 25, 1833. Admitted January 26, 1837. Area, 56,243 square miles. Population in 1850, 397,654. FLORIDA. Formed from Spanish territory. Presented a Constitution February 20, 1839. Admitted, March 3, 1845. Area, 59,268 square miles. Population in 1850, 87,445. TEXAS. Was an Independent Republic. Admitted December 29, 1845. Area, 237,504 square miles. Population in 1850, 212,592. WISCONSIN. Formed from Indian territory. Adopted a Constitution January 21, 1847. Admitted May 29, 1848. Area 53,924 square miles. Population in 1850, 305,391. IOWA. Formed from Indian territory. Presented a Constitution December 9, 1844. Admitted December 28, 1846. Area, 50,914 square miles. Population in 1850, 192,014. CALIFORNIA. Formed from Mexican territory. Admitted September 9, 1850. Area, 188,982 square miles. Population in 1850, 92,597. MINNESOTA. Formed from Indian territory. Admitted May 11, 1858. Area, 166,025 square miles. Population in 1850, 6077. APPENDIX. 141 TERRITORIES OF THE UNITED STATES. OREGON. Organized August 14, 1848. Area, 185,030 square miles. Population in 1850, 13,294. UTAH. Organized September 9, 1850. Area, 259,170 square miles. Population in 1850, 11,380. NEW MEXICO. Organized September 9, 1850. Area, 207,007 square miles. Population in 1850, 61,547. WASHINGTON. Organized November 2, 1853. Area, 123,022 square miles. No census. NEBRASKA. Organized May 30, 1854. Area, 335,882 square miles. No census. KANSAS. Established May 30, 1854. Area, 114,798 square miles. No census. 142 APPENDIX. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Established under the first Article of the Constitution of the United States:"Congress shall have power to exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular States, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the Government of the United States," etc. In pursuance of which provision the State of Maryland, December 23, 1788, passed "An act to cede to Congress a district of ten miles square in this State, for the seat of the Government of the United States." And the State of Virginia, December 3, 1789, passed "An act for the cession of ten miles square, or any lesser quantity of territory within this State, to the United States in Congress assembled, for the permanent seat of the General Government." These cessions were accepted by Congress, as required by the Constitution, and the permanent seat of government established by the "Act for establishing the temporary and permanent seat of the Government of the United States," approved July 16, 1790; and the act to amend the same, approved iMarch 3, 1791. The district of ten miles square was accordingly located, and its lines and boundaries particularly established by a proclamation of George Washington, President of the United States, March 30, 1791, and by the "Act concerning the District of Columbia," approved February 27, 1801, Congress assumed complete jurisdiction over the said District, as contemplated by the framers of the Constitution. Area, 50 square miles. Population in 1850, 51,687. APPENDIX. 143 PROGRESS OF POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES, FROM 1790 TO 1850. First Census, August 1, 1790. Whites. Free Colored. Slaves. Total. Free States............................. 1,900,772 26,831 40,850 1,968,453 Slave States.............................. 1,271,692 32,635 645,047 1,961,374 Total................................ 3,172,464 59,446 697,897 3,929,827 Second Census, August 1, 1800. Free States................................ 2,601,509 47,154 35,946 2,684,609 Slave States........................... 1702,980 61,241 857,095 2,621,316 Total.................... 4,304,489 108,395 893,041 5,305,925 Third Census, August 1, 1810. Free States............................... 8,653,219 78,181 2'7,510 3,758,910 Slave States............................. 2,208,785 1]08,265 1,163,854 3,480,904 Total........5.................. 5,862,004 186,446 1,191,364 7,239,814 Fourth Census, August 1, 1820. Free States.............................. 5,030,371 102,893 19,108 5,152,372 Slave States....................... 2,842,340 135,4384 1,524,580 4,502,224 Total.......................... 7,872,711 238,197 1,543,688 9,654,596 Fi/fth Census, June 1, 1830. Free States............................... 6,876,620 137,529 3,568 7,017,717 Slave States............................... 3,660,758 182,070 2,005,475 5,848,303 Total................................. 10,537,378 319,599 2,009,043 12,866,020 Sixth Census, June 1, 1840. Free States.............................. 9,557,065 170,727 1,129 9,728,921 Slave States.......................... 4,632,640 215,568 2,486,226 7,334,434 Total................................. 14,189,705 386,295 2,487,355 17,063,355 Seventh Census, June 1, 1850. Free States........................ 13,330,650 196,308 262 13,527,220 Slave States...................6......... 6,222,418 238,187 3,204,051 9,664,654 Total................................. 19,553,068 434,495 3,204,313 23,191,874 POPULATION OF THE SEVERAL STATES, THE RATIO OF REPRESENTATION, AND TIlE NUMB1ER OF REPRESENTATIVES A ALLOWED TO EACtH AT THE T'IE OF THEIR ADMISSION, RESPECTIVELY. Ratio of rep- Represeitaresentation tives before STATES. WHEN ADMITTED. Population. t time of net appor- EMARS. admission. tionmeut. New Hampshire... Ratified Constitution, June 21, 1788 141,899......... 3 First census, taken in August, 1790. ~Massachusetts...... " " Feb. 6, 1788 378,717......... 8 " S Rhode Island....... May 29, 1790 69,110......... 1 4 4 Connecticut........ 9 1788 238,141 5 New York............ " " July 26, 1788 340,120 6......... 6 New Jersey.......... " " Dec. 18, 1787 184,139.... 4 Pennsylvania...... " " Dec. 12, 1787 434,373 8 IDelaware............ Dec. 7, 1787 59,096......... 1 MIaryland....."..... " "c April 28, 1788 319,728......... 6 Virginia.............. " " June 26, 1788 748,308......... 10 North Carolina...... " " Nov. 21, 1789 393,751 5 South Carolina...... " " May 23, 1788 249,073 5......... Georgia..........." " Jan. 2, 1788 82,548......3.. 3 Vermont.............. i March 4, 1791.......................... 85,53 9......... 2 See Williams's History of Vermont. Ki~.entucky............. I June 1, 1792.............73,077......... 2 Census of 1790. No census of Territory previous to admission. Tennessee........... June 1, 1796..............77,262 33,000 1 Territorial census. See American State Papers, Mis., vol. i, p. 147. Ohio............. Nov. 29, 1802.....,................... 41,915 33,000 1 See American State Papers, Mis., vol. i. p. 325. Louisiana............ April 8, 1812....................... 76,556 33,000 1 Census of 1810. No census of Territory previous to admission. Indiana.............Dec. 11, 1816..63,897 35,000 1 Territorial census. See American State Papers, Mis., vol. ii. p. 277. Mississippi......... Dec. 10, 1817........................ 75,512 35,000 1 Territorial census. See American State Papers, Mis., vol. ii. p. 407. Illinois............... Dec. 3, 1818.................... 34,620 35,000 1 Territorial census, See Niles's Register, vol. xiv. p. 359. Alabama............ Dec. 14, 1819...................... 144,317 35,000 1 Census of 1820. r Maine............... March 15, 1820........................... 298,335 35,000 7 Census of 1820. * Missouri.......... Aug. 10, 1821........................... 66,586 35,000 1 Census of 1820. z Arkansas............ June 15, 1836................... 52,240 47,700 1 Territorial census. See Ex. Does. H. I., vol. H iv. No. 144, 1st sess. 24th Cong. Michigan............ Jan. 26, 1837........................... 200,000 47,700 1 Estimated population Dec. 1836. See Does. H. R., vol. ii. No. 68, 2d sess. 24th Cong. Florida............. March 3, 1845........................... 54,477 70,680 1 Census of 1840. No census of Territory previous to admission. Texas............... Dec. 29, 1845..................... 250,000 70,580 2 See American Almanac for 1844. Wisconsin.... M.... May 29, 1848........................... 210,596 70,680 2 Territorial census of 1847. See Ex. Doe. 11. R., 1st sess. 30th Cong., No. 55, vol. v. Iowa.................. Dec. 28, 1846...................... 81,920 70,680 2 Territorial census of 1844. See American Almanac for 1846. California...........Sept. 9, 1850......................... 107,000 70,680 2 Estimated population. See Sen. Mis. Docs., vol. i. No. 68, 1st sess. 31st Cong. Minnesota........... May 11, 1858.......1............... 150,042 93,420 2 Territorial census. See Annual Report of the i Sec'y of the Interior, 1st sess. 35th Cong. THE STATE AND TERRITORIAL GOVERNORS, SINCE THE ADOPTION OF THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION. MAINE. NEW IIAMPSHIRE. FROM TO FROM TO William King................... 1820 1821 Josiah Bartlett................ 1792 1794 Albion K. Parris............. 1821 1826 John Taylor Gilman-........... 1794 1805 Enoch Lincoln................ 1826 1830 John Langdon................. 1805 1809 Jonathan G. Hunton.......... 1830 1831 Jeremiah Smith............... 1809 1810 Samuel E. Smith............... 1831 1833 John Langdon......... 1810 1812 Robert P. Dunlap.............. 1833 1838 William Plumer................ 1812 1813 Edward Kent.................... 1838 1839 John Taylor Gilman........... 1813 1816 John Fairfield.................. 1839 1840 William Plumer................ 1816 1819 Edward Kent.................... 1840 1841 Samuel Bell..................... 1819 1823 John Fairfield.................. 1841 1843 Levi Woodbury................ 1823 1824 Edward Kavanagh, (acting). 1843 1844 David L. Morrill.............. 1824 1827 Hugh J. Anderson............. 1844 1847 Benjamin Pierce............... 1827 1830 John W. Dana.................. 1847 1850 Matthew Harvey............ 1830 1831 John Hubbard.................. 1850 1853 Samuel Dinsmoor....... 1831 1834 William G. Crosby............. 1853 1855 William Badger................. 1834 1836 Anson P. Morrill.............. 1855 1857 Isaac Hill....................... 1836 1839 Hannibal Hamlin.............. 1857 1857 John Page..................... 1839 1842 Joseph H. Williams............ 1857 1858 Henry Hubbard................1842 1844 Lot M. Morrill................ 1858 1859 John H. Steele.......... 1844 1846 Salary, $1500. Anthony Colby................. 1846 1847 Term, one year. Jared W. Williams............ 1847 1849 Seat of Government, Augusta. Samuel Dinsmoor.............. 1849 1852 (147) 148 APPENDIX. FROM TO Noah Martin................... 1852 1854 MASSACHUSETTS. Nathaniel B. Baker.......... 1854 1855 FROM TO Ralph MAetcalf.................. 1855 1856 John Hancock................. 1789 1794.. "................... 1856 1857 Samuel Adams................. 1794 1797 William Haile................... 1857 1858 Increase Sumner.............. 1797 1799 " " (re-elected)... 1858 1859 Caleb Strong.................... 1800 1807 Salary, $1000. James Sullivan.................. 1807 1808 Term, one year. Christopher Gore............... 1809 1810 Sceat of Government, Concord. Elbridge Gerry................. 1810 1812 Caleb Strong................. 1812 1816 John Brooks.................. 1816 1823 VERMONT. William Eustis................ 1823 1825 Levi Lincoln..................... 1825 1834 Moses Robinson............... 1789 1790 JohnDavis.1834 1836 Thomas Chittenden........... 1790 1797 Edward Everett................ 1836 1840 Isaac Tichenor.................. 1797 1807 Marcus Morton........ 1840 1841 Israel Smith................... 1807 1808 John Davis.................. 1841 1843 Isaac Tichenor.................. 1808 1809 Marcus Morton........... 1843 1844 Galusha Jones.................. 1809 1813 George N. Briggs.............. 1844 1851 MIartin Chittenden......... 1813' 1815 George Galusha Jones.................. 1815 1820 John H. Clifford................ 1853 1854 Richard Skinner.......1..8... 1820 1823 Emory Washburn.............. 1854 1855 C. P. Van Ness...................... 1823 1826 Ezra Butler1826 1828 Henry J. Gardner............. 1855 1858 Samuel C. Crafts............... 1828 1831 Nathaniel P. Banks.......... 1858 1859 Samuel C. Crafts............. 1828 1831 William A. Palmer............ 1831 1835 Salary, $3500. Silas A. Jenison................ 1835 1841 Term, one year. Charles Paine. 1841 1843 Seat of Government, Boston. John Mattocks.................. 1843 1844 William Slade................... 1844 1846 RHODE ISLAND. Horace Eaton.................. 1846 1849 Charles Coolidge.............. 1849 1850 Arthur Fenner.............. 1789 1805 Charles K. Williams........... 1850 1852 Henry Smith.1805 1806 Erastus Fairbanks............1852 1853 Isaac Wilburn.......... 1806 1807 John S. Robinson.............. 1853 1854 James Fenner.......... 1807 1811 Stephen Royce..8............... 1854 1856 William Jones................... 1811 1817 Ryland Fletcher.................1856 1858 Nehemiah Knight.............. 1817 1821 Salary, $1000. William C. Gibbs............... 1821 1824 Term, one year. William Findlay............... 1824 1831 Seat of Government, Montpelier. Lemuel H. Arnold..... 1831 1832 APPENDIX. 149 FROMI TO FROM TO John B. Francis.............. 1833 1838 William T. Minor.............. 1855 1857 William Sprague............... 1838 1840 Alexander H. Holley............ 1857 1858 Samuel W. King............... 1840 1842 William A. Buckingham....... 1858 1859 James Fenner.............. 1842 1844 Salary, $1100. Charles Jackson................ 1844 1845 Term, one year. Byran Diman.................... 1846 1847 Seat of Government, Hartford. Elisha Harris.................... 1847 1849 Henry B. Anthony............ 1849 1851 Philip Allen..................... 1851 1854 NEW YORK. William W. Hoppin............ 1854 1857 Elisha Dyer..................... 1857 1859 George Clinton.................. 1789 1795 John Jay........................ 1795 1801 George Clinton.................. 1801 1804 Term, one year. ~~~Term, one year. Morgan Lewis................ 1804 1807 Seats of Government, Newport and Daniel D. Tompkins........... 1807 1817 Providence. DeProvidence Witt Clinton............... 1817 1822 Joseph C. Yates.............. 1822 1824 CONNECTICUT. De Witt Clinton................. 1824 1828 Martin Van Buren............. 1828 1830 Samuel Huntington............ 1785 1796 Enos T. Throop........... 1830 1832 Oliver Wolcott................ 1796 1798 William L. Marcy.............. 1832 1838 Jonathan Trumbull............ 1798 1809 William H. Seward........... 1838 1842 John Treadwell................ 1809 1811 William C. Bouck............. 1842 1844 Roger Griswold................. 1811 1813 Silas Wright...................... 1844 1846 John Cotton Smith............ 1813 1818 John Young...............1..... 1846 1848 Oliver Wolcott............... 1818 1827 Hamilton Fish.................. 1848 1850 Gideon Tomlinson.............. 1827 1881 Washington Hunt.............. 1850 1852 John S. Peters................. 1831 1833 iHoratio Seymour............... 1852 1854 Henry W. Ecdwards............ 1833 1834 Myron fI. Clark............. 1854 1856 Samuel A. Foote.............. 1834 1835 John A. King............... 1856 1858 I-Henry W. Edwards.............. 1835 1838 Salary, $4000 William W. Ellsworth......... 1838 1842 Term, two years. Chauncey F. Cleveland...... 1842 1844 Seat of Government, Albany. Roger S. Baldwin.............. 1844 1846 Isaac Toucey................. 1846 1847 Clark Bissell..................... 1847 1849 NEW JERSEY. Joseph Trumbull............... 1849 1850 Thomas H. Seymour.......... 1850 1853 William Livingston............ 1789 1794 C. I-h. Pond, (acting)......... 1853 1854 William Patterson.............. 1794 1794 Henry Dutton................... 1854 1855 Richard Howell............... 1794 1801 :150 A PPENDIX. FROBI TO Joseph Bloomfield............. 1801 1812 DELAWARE. Aaron Ogden................... 1812 1813 FROM TO William S. Pennington........ 1813 1815 Joshua Clayton................. 1789 1.796 Mahlon Dickinson.............. 1815 1817 Gunning Bedford............... 1796.,.1797 Isaac H. Williamson........... 1817 1829 Daniel Rogers.................. 1797 1798 Peter D. Vroom................. 1829 1832 Richard Bassett................ 1798 1801 Samuel L. Southard........... 1832 18233 James Sykes, (acting)........ 1801 1802 Elias P. Seely................... 1833 1833 David Hall....................... 1802 1805 Peter D. Vroom................. 1833 1836 Nathaniel Mitchell............ 1805 1808 Philemon Dickinson........... 1836 1837 George Truett................... 1808 1811 William Pennington........... 1837 1843 Joseph Haslett.................. 1811 1814 Daniel Haines.................. 1843 1844 DanielRodney.................. 1814 1817 Charles C. Stratton........... 1844 1848 John Clarke................ 1817 1820 Daniel Haines.................. 1848 1851 Jacob Stout, (acting)......... 1820 1821 George F. Fort.................. 1851 1854 John Collins..................... 1821 1822 Rodman M. Price.............. 1854 1857 Caleb Rodney, (acting)...... 1822 1823 William A. Newell............. 1857 1860 Joseph Haslett.................. 1823 1824 Salary, $1800 and fees. Samuel Paynter................ 1824 1827 Term, three years. George Poindexter............. 1827 1830 Seat of Government, Trenton. David Hazzard.................. 1830 1833 Caleb P. Bennett.............. 1833 1837 PENNSYLVANIA. Cornelius P. Comegys......... 1837 1840 William B. Cooper............. 1840 1844 Thomas Mifflin.................. 1790 1799 Thomas Stockton......... 1844 1846 Thomas McKean............... 1799 1808 Joseph Maul, (acting)...... 1846 1846 Simon Snyder.................. 1808 1817 William Temple................. 1846 1846 William Findlay............... 1817 1820 William Thorp............. 1846 1851 Joseph Heister.................. 1820 1823 William H. Ross............ 1851 1855 John Andrew Schultz......... 1823 1829 Peter F. Causey................ 1855 1859 George Wolf.................... 1829 1835 Joseph Ritner................... 1835 1839 Term, four years. David R. Porter................ 1839 1845, Seat of Government, Dover. Francis R. Shunk.............. 1845 1848 William F. Johnston........... 1848 1852 William Bigler.................. 1852 1855 MARYLAND. James Pollock.................. 1855 1858 John Eager Howard................. 1788 19 William F. Packer............. 1858 1861 George Plater................... 1792 1792 Salary, $3000. Thomas Sim Lee............... 1792 1794 Term, three years. John H. Stone.................. 1794 1 797 Seat of Government, Harrisbullg. John Henry.................... 1797 1798 AP PEN D I 151 FROMI TO FROM TO Benjamin Ogle................. 1798 1801 John Tyler....................... 1808 1811 John F. Mercer................. 1801 1803 James Monroe.............. 1811 1811 Robert Bowie............. 1803 1805 George W. Smith............. 181.1 1812 Robert Wright................. 1805 1809 James Barbour.................. 1812 1814 Edward Lloyd.................. 1809 1811 Wilson C. Nicholas............ 1814 1816 Robert Bowie................... 1811 1812 James P. Preston.............. 1816 1819 Levin Winder.......... 1812 1815 Thomas M. Randolph........ 1819 1822 C. Ridgely............... 1815 1818 James Pleasants............... ].822 1825 C. W. Goldsborough........... 1818 1819 John Tyler...................... 1825 1827 Samuel Sprigg........... 1819 1822 William B. Giles............. 1827 1830 Samuel Stevens........... 1822 1826 John Floyd...................... 1830 1834 Joseph Kent.............. 1826 1829 Littleton W. Tazewell......... 1834 1836 Daniel Martin.................. 1829 1830 Wyndham Robertson, (act'g) 1836 1837 T. K. Carroll............... 1830 1.831 David Campbell................ 1837 1840 Daniel Martin.................. 1831 1831 Thomas W. Gilmer............ 1840 1841 George Howard, (acting)..... 1831 1832 John Rutherford.............. 1841 1842.. "............... 1832 1833 John M. Gregory............. 1842 1843 James Thomas............. 1833 1836 James McDowell............... 1843 1846 Thomas W. Veasay............ 1836 1838 William Smith.................. 1846 1849 William Grayson............... 1838 1841 John B. Floyd................. 1849 1852 Thomas Francis................ 1841 1844 Joseph Johnson..........1852 1856 Thomas G. Pratt........... 1844 1848 Henry A. Wise.................. 1856 1860 Philip F. Thomas.......... 1848 1851 Enoch L. Lowe............ 1851 1854 Term, three years. Thomas W. Ligon.............. 1854 1858 Term, three years. Seat of Government, Richmond. Thomas H. Hicks............... 1858 1862 Salary, $3600, with a furnished house. NORTH CAROLINA. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Annapolis. Alexander Martin.............. 1789 1792 Richard D. Spaight............ 1792 1795 VIRGINIA. Samuel Ashe.................... 1795 1798 William R. Davie............... 1798 1799 Beverley Randolph............ 1788 1791 Benjamin Williams............ 1799 1802 Henry Lee..................... 1791 1794 James Turner................ 1802 1805 Robert Brooke.................. 1794 1796 Nathaniel Alexander.......... 1.805 1807 James Wood..................... 1796 1799 Benjamin Williams............ 1807 1808 James Monroe................. 1799 1802 David Stone..................... 1808 1810 John Page........................ 1802 1805 Benjamin Smith................ 1810 1811 William H. Cabell.............. 1805 1808 William Hawkins.............. 1811 1814 152 APPEND I X. FROM TO FROM TO William Miller................. 1814 1817 John L. Wilson.................. 1822 1824 John Branch.................... 1817 1820 Richard J. Manning........... 1824 1826 Jesse Franklin.................. 1820 1821 John Taylor................... 1826 1828 Gabriel Holmes................. 1821 1824 Stephen D. Miller............... 1828 1880 Hutchins G. Burton........... 1824 1827 James Hamilton............... 1880 1832 James Iredell.................... 1827 1828 Robert Y. Hayne............... 1882 1834 John Owen....................... 1828 1.830 George MlcDuffie............... 1834 1836 IMontfort Stokes................ 1830 1832 Pierce M. Butler............... 1836 1838 David L. Swain................. 1832 1835 Patrick Noble................... 1838 1840 Richard D. Spaight............ 1835 1837 B. K. Hennegan, (acting)..... 1840 1840 Edward B. Dudley............. 1837 1840 J. P. Richardson............... 1840 1842 John M. Morehead............ 1840 1844 James IH. Hammond........... 1842 1844 William A. Graham............ 1844 1849 William Aiken.................. 1844 1847 Charles Manly................. 1849 1851 David Johnson.......... 1847 1848 David S. Reid................. 1851 1855 W. B. Seabrook................ 1848 1850 Thomas Bragg................. 1855 1859 John H. Means................ 1850 1852 John L. Manning.............. 1852 1854 Salary, $3000, with a furnished house. James H. Adams............... 1854 1856 Term, two years. Seat of Government, Raleigh. HR. F. W. Alston................. 1856 1858 Seat of Government, Raleigh. Salary, $3500. Term, two years. SOUTH CAROLINA. Seat of Government, Columbia. Charles Pinckney.............. 1789.1792 Arnoldus Vanderhorst......... 1792 1794 GEORGIA. William Moultrie............... 1794 1796 Charles Pinckney............. 1796 1798 George Walton.................. 1789 1790 Edward Rutledge............... 1798 1800 Edward Telfair................. 1790 1793 John Drayton, (acting)....... 1800 1800 George Matthews............... 1793 1796 " ".................. 1800 1802 Jared Irwin..................... 1796 1798 James B. Richardson......... 1802 1804 James Jackson.................. 1798 1801 Paul Hamilton................ 1804 1806 David Emanuel, (acting)..... 1801 1801 Charles Pinckney.............. 1806 1808 Josiah Tatnall............... 1801 1802 John Drayton................... 1808 1810 John Milledge.................. 1802 1806 Henry MIiddleton............... 1810 1812 Jared Irwin...................... 1806 1809 Joseph Alston................. 1812 1814 David B. Mitchell.............. 1809 1813 David R. Williams.............. 1814 1816 Peter Early.....................181 1815 Andrew Piclkens................ 1816 1818 David B. Mitchell.............. 1815 1817 John Geddes................... 1818 1820 William Rabun............. 1817 1819 Thomas Bennet................. 1820 1822 Matthew Talbot, (acting).... 1819 1819 APPENDIX. 153 FROM TO FROM TO John Clarke.................... 1819 1823 John Murphy.......1......... 1825 1.8219 George M. Troup.............. 1823 1827 Gabriel Mloore.................. 1829 1831 John Forsyth............... 1827 1829 John Goyle...................... 1831 1835 George R. Gilmer............... 1829 1831 Clement C. Clay................ 1835 1887 Wilson Lumpkin............. 1831 1885 Arthur P. Bagby............... 1837 1841 William Schley.................. 1835 1837 Benjamin Fitzpatrick......... 1841 1845 George R. Gilmer.............. 1837 1839 Joshua L. Martin............... 1845 1847 Charles J. McDonald.......... 1839 1843 Reuben Chapman.............. 1847 1849 George W. Crawford.......... 1843 1847 Henry W. Collier............... 1849 1853 George W. Towns.............. 1847 1851 John A. Winston............ 1853 1857 Howell Cobb..................... 1851 1853 Andrew B. Moore.............. 1857 1859 Herschel V. Johnson......... 1853 1857 James E. Brown............. 1857 1859 Term, two years. Salary, $3000. Seat of Government, Montgomery. Term, two years. Seat of Government, Milledgeville. MISSISSIPPI. FLORIDA. TERRITORY. T E R R I T 0 R Y. Winthrop Sargent.............. 1798 1802 W. C. C. Claiborne........ 1802 1805 William P. Duvall.............. 1822 1834 Robert Williams................ 1805 1809 John H. Eaton.................. 1834 1836 David Holmes............., 1809 1817 Richard K. Call................. 1836 1844 John Branch.................... 1844 1845 STATE. STATE. David Holmes.............. 1817 1819 George Poindexter............ 1819 1821 William D. Moseley............ 1845 1849 Walter Leake.................... 1821 1825 Thomas Brown...,.....,,,,.184%9 1853 David Holmes................... 1825 1827 James E. Broome............... 1853 1857 Gerard C. Brandon. 1827 1831 Madison S. Perry........... 1857 1861 Abraham M. 1831 1833 Salary, $1500. Hiram G. Runnels............. 133 183 18I5 Term, four years. Charles Lynch.................. 1835 18387 Seat of Government, Tallahassee. Alexander G. McdNutt......... 1837 1841 Tilghman Mi. Tucker........... 1841 1843 ALABAMA. Albert G. Brown................. 1843 1848 Joseph W. Mathews........ 1848 1850 William W. Bibb.............. 1819 1820 John A. Quitman............... 1850 1851 Thomas Bibb.................... 1820 1821 John J. Guion, (acting)....... 1851 1851 Israel Pickens.............., 1821 1825 Jas. Whitfield................... 1851 1852 154 AP P E N D I X. FROM TO FROM "TO Henry S. Foote................ 1852 1854 Edward M. Pease............ 1853 1857 John J. McRae.................. 1854 1858 H. G. Runnells................. 1857 1861 William McWillie............... 1858 1860 Salary, $3000. Salary, $4000. Term, two years. Term, two years. Seat of Government, Austin. Seat of Government, Jackson. ARKANSAS. LOUISIANA. T E I R ITO R Y. TERRITORY OF ORLEANS. James Miller.................. 1819 1825 William C. C. Claiborne...... 1804 1812 George Izard................... 1825 1829 John Pope...................... 1829 1835 STATE. William S. Fulton............. 1835 1836 William C. C. Claiborne...... 1812 1816 STATE. James Villare............. 1816 1820 Thomas B. Robertson.......... 1820 1822 James S. Conway.............1836 1840 H. S. Thibodeaux, (acting)... 1822 1824 Archibald Yell................. 1840 1844 Henry Johnson.............. 1824 1828 Samuel Adams, (acting)...... 1844 1844 Peter Derbigny................. 1828 1829 Thomas S. Drew............... 1844 1848 A. Bauvais, (acting)........... 1829 1830 John S. Roane................. 1848 1852 Jacques Dupre.................. 1830 1830 Elias S. Conway............. 1852 1860 Andre B. Roman....... 13..... 1830 1834 Salary, $1800. Edward D. White............... 1834 1838 Term, four years. Andre B. Roman.............. 1838 1841 Seat of Government, Little Rock. Alexander Warton............ 1841 1845 Isaac Johnson................. 1845 1850 Joseph Walker.................. 1850 1854 TENNESSEE. Paul 0. Hebert.................. 1854 1858 John Sevier........ 19......... 1796 1801 R. C. Wickliffe.................. 1858 1862 Archibald Roane.............. 1801 1803 Salary, $4000. John Sevier..........1........ 1803 1809 Term, four years. Wilie Blount..................... 1809 1815 Seat of Government, Baton Rouge. Joseph MeMin................. 1815 1821 William Carroll........... 1821 1827 TEXAS. Samuel Houston.............. 1827 1829 William Carroll................. 1829 1835 J. Pinckney Henderson....... 1846 1847 Newton Cannon................. 1835 1839 George T. Wood................. 1847 1849 James K. Polk.................. 1839 1841 P. 11. Bell....................... 1849 1853 James C. Jones.............. 1841 1845 A PPENDI X. 155 FROM TO STATE. Aaron V. Brown............... 1845 1847 FRoir To Neil S. Brown.............. 1847 1849 Edward Tiffin................... 1803 1.808 William Trousdale............ 1849 1851 Thomas Kirker, (acting)...... 1808 1808 William B. Campbell.......... 1851 1853 Samuel Huntington.......... 1808 1810 Andrew Johnson.............. 1853 1857 Return J. Meigs................. 1810 1814 Isham G. Harris................ 1857 1.859 Othneil Looker, (acting)...... 1814 1814 Salary, $3000. Thomas Worthington......... 1814 1818 Term, two years. Ethan Allen Brown............ 1818 1822 Seat of Government, Nashville. Allen Trimble, (acting)...... 1822 1822 Jeremiah Morrow............. 1822 1826 KENTUCKY. Allen Trimble.................. 1826 1830 Duncan McArthur............. 1830 1832 Isaac Shelby..................... 1792 1796 Robert Lucas.................... 1832 1836 James Garrard.................. 1796 1804 Joseph Vance.................... 1836 1838 Christopher Greenup.......... 1804 1808 Wilson Shannon............... 1838 1840 Charles Scott.................... 1808 1812 Thomas Corwin.................. 1840 1842 Isaac Shelby................... 1812 1816 Wilson Shannon............... 1842 1844 George Madison................ 1816 1816 ThomasW. Bartley, (acting) 1844 1844 G. Slaughter, (acting)........ 1816 1820 Mordecai Bartley.............. 1844 1846 John Adair...................... 1820 1824 William Babb................... 1846 1848 Joseph Desha.................. 1824 1828 Seabury Ford................... 1848 1850 Thomas Metcafe............... 1828 1832 Reuben Wood................. 1850 1854 John Breathitt................. 1832 1834 William edill.................1854 1856 J. T. Morehead, (acting)...... 1834 1836 Salmon P. Chase............... 1856 1860 James Clark..................... 1836 1837 Salary, $1800. C. A. Wickliffe, (acting)..... 1839 1840 Term, two years. Robert P. Letcher.............. 1840 1844 Seat of Government, Columbus. William Owsley................. 1844 1848 John J. Crittenden............ 1848 1850 MICHIGAN. John L. Helm, (acting)....... 1850 1851 Lazarus W. Powell............ 1851 1855T I T O Y. Charles S. Morehead........ 1855 1859 William Hull.................... 1805 1814 Salary, $2500. Lewis Cass...................... 1814 1831 Term, four years. George B. Porter.............. 1831 1834 Seat of Government, Frankfort. Stevens T. Mason, (acting).. 1834 1835 J. S. Horner, (acting)......... 1835 1836 OHIO..STATE. TERRITORY. Stevens T. Mason.............. 1836 1840 Arthur St. Clair................ 1788 1803 William Woodbridge.......... 1840 1841 156 APPENDIX. FROMI TO FROM TO J. W. Gordon, (acting)........ 1841 1842 John Reynolds......... 18....... 1830 1834 John S. Barry.................. 1842 1846 Joseph Duncan................. 1834 1838 Alpheus Felch.................. 1846 1847 Thomas Carlin................. 1838 1842 W. L. Greenley, (acting)...... 1847 1848 Thomas Ford................ 1842 1846 Epaphroditus Ransom........ 1848 1850 Augustus C. French............ 1846 1853 John S. Barry.................. 1850 18,53 Joel A. Matteson............... 1853 1857 Robert McClelland............ 1853 1853 William H. Bissell............. 1857 1861 A. Parsons....................... 1853 1855 Salary, $1500. Kinsley S. Bingham........... 1855 1857 Term, four years............ 1857 1859 Seat of Government, Springfield. Salary, $1000. Term, two years. MISSOURI. Seat of Government, Lansing. Alexander McNair............ 1820 1824 INDIANA. Frederick Bates........... 1824 1826 John Miller.................... 182 6 1832 Jonathan Jennings........... 1816 1822 William Hendricks.......... 1822 1825 Daniel Dunklin. 1836 James Brown Ray............ 1825 1831 L. W. Boggs....... 1836 1840 Noah Noble............... 1831 1837 Thomas Reynolds..... 1840 1844 David Wallace.................. 1837 1840 John C. Edwards.............. 1844 1848 Samuel Bigger.................. 1840 1843 I Austin A. King................. 1848 1853 James WM~hitcomb..........,,,, 1843 1848 Sterling Price................... 1853 1857 Paris tC. Dunning*............. 1848 1849 Trusten Polk.................... 1857 1857 Paris C. Dunning'............ 1848 1849 Joseph A. Wright.............. 1849 1857 Hancock Jackson, (acting).. 1857 1857 R. M. Stewart.................. 1857 1861 Ashbel P. Willard............. 1857 1861 Salary, $2500, with a furnished house. Salary, $1500, with a furnished house. Term, four years. Term, four years. Seat, fof Govearnment, IndianapoliSeat of Government, Jefferson City. Seat of Government, Indianapolis. ILLINOIS. IOWA. T E Rl I T ORY. Ansel Briggs..................1. 846 1850 Ninian Edwarrds................1809 1818 Stephen Hempstead........... 1850 1854 James W. Grimes.............. 1854 1857 STATE. Ralph P. Lowe.................. 1857 1860 Shadrach Bond................. 1818 1822 Salary, $1000. Edward Coles.................. 1822 1826 Term, four years. Ninian Edwards................ 1826 1830 Seat of Government, Des Moines City. * During the unexpired term of Governor Whitcomb, elected in 1848 to the United States Senate. APPEND IX. 157 FROM TO WI S C N S I N. John McDougall, (acting).... 1851 1852 John Bigler..................... 1852 1856 TERRITORYo TERROM TO J. Neely Johnson............... 1856 1.855 Henry Dodge................. 1836 1841 John B. Weller............. 1858 1860 James D. Doty................. 1841 1844 Salary, $6000. Nathaniel P. Tallmadge...... 1844 1845 Term, two years. Henry Dodge.................... 1845 1848 Seat of Government, Sacramento. STATE. MINNESOTA. Nelson Dewey.................. 1848 1851 Leonard J. Farwell............ 1851 1853 TERRiTORY. William A. Barstow......... 1853 1855 William A. Barstow.......... 1853 1855 Alexander Ramsey............ 1849 1853 Coles Bashford............. 1855 1857 Willis A. Gorman............. 1853 1857 Alexander W. Randall........ 1857 1859 Samuel Medary................. 1857 1858 Salary, $1250. Term, two years. STATE. Seat of Government, Madison. 1860 Henry H. Sibley............... 1858 1860 Salary, not known. CALIFORNIA. Term, Peter H. Burnett................ 1849 1851 Seat of Government, St. Paul. 158 APPENDIX. OREGON TERRITORY. James Shields, appointed (declined)......................... August 14, 1848. Joseph Lane, ".................................... August 18, 1848. John P. Gaines, "...................................... September 9, 1850. Joseph Lane, "...................................... March 16, 1853. John W. Davis, "..................................... September 6, 1853. George L. Curry, " (now in office)................. October 24, 1854. Salary, $3000. Term, four years. TERRITORY OF NEW MEXICO. James S. Calhoun, appointed................................... January 9, 1851. William Carr Lane, "................................. July 15, 1852. Solon Borland, " (declined).................... April 18, 1853. David Merriwether, "..M............ May 6, 1853. Abraham Rencher, " (now in office)...............August 17, 1857. Salary, $3000. Term, four years. TERRITORY OF UTAH. Brigham Young, appointed............................... September 28, 1850. Edward J. Steptoe, " (declined)....................... December 21, 1854. Alfred Cummings, " (now in office).................July 11, 1857. Salary, $2500. Term, four years. WASHINGTON TERRITORY. Isaac I. Stevens, appointed.................... March 17, 1853. J. Patton Anderson, " (declined)....................... March 15, 1857. Fayette McMullen, " (now in office)................. May 15, 1857. Salary, $3000. Term, four years. APPENDIX. 159 KANSAS TERRITORY. A. H. Reeder, appointed................................... June 29, 1854. John L. Dawson, " (declined).......................... July 28, 1855. Wilson Shannon, "............................A......... August 10, 1855. John W. Geary, 64............................. July 30, 1856. R. J. Walker, "...................................... March 30, 1857. J. W. Denver,...................................... February 24, 1858. Samuel Medary, " (now in office)................. December 1, 1858. Salary, $2500. Term, four years. NEBRASKA TERRITORY. William 0. Butler, appointed (declined)............... June 29, 1854. Francis Burt, "... August 2, 1854. iMark W. Izard,................................ December 20, 1854. Winm. A. Richardson, " (now in office)..............May 30, 1857. Salary, $2500. Term, four years.