THE (EDIPUS TYR ANNUS OF SO P H —O-C L E S; WITH ENGLISH NOTES, FOR THE USE OF STUDENTS IN SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES. BY HOWARD CROSBY, D.D. PROFESSOR OF GREEK LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE IN THE UNIVERSITY OF TIE CITY OF NEW YORK. SEVENTH EDITION. NEW YORK: D. APPLETON & COMPANY, 346 & 3-18 BROADWAY. 1859. Entered, according to act of Congress, in the year 1852, by E:3NVAILD X R). BEL In tle Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Urn; ed States for the Southern District of New-York. TO PROFESSOR J. J. OWEN, D. D., THa T4TTLE V LUME RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED. PREFACE. THIIE desire, of which this issue is the exponent, is that college-students may have the master-piece of the first of Greek tragic poets in convenient form. I have attempted no criticisms upon the text, but, following chiefly the Tauchnitz edition, have thrown in the way of Notes such aids to the study of the Greek as may assist, not render needless, the efforts of the student. I have, therefore, left all geogranphical and histor-ical information for the Classical Dictionary. Too much help begets indolence, too little begets despair; —I have striven to present the happy mean —to furnish a cane, not a carriage. HOWARD CROSBY. UNIVERSITY OF TIIE CITY OF NEw-YORi, fikay 1, 1852. ARGUU ENT. LAIMU, King of Thebes, had been forewarned by the oracle, that his son should be his murderer; and should become the husband of his wife Jocasta. He, accordingly, determined to destroy whatever male children should be born to him. In pursuance of this resolution, he gave his newly-born son CEdipus* to a servant to be exposed on Mount Cithaeron. The babe was, however, rescued and carried to Polybus, King of Corinth, by whom he was nourished. When the chlild had become a man, he learned from the oracle that he should be the murderer of his father, and tlie husband of his mother. To avoid such issues he fled from Corinth, supposing thus he was leaving his own parents. This very step prepared the fulfilment of the prophecy. For as he was journeying through Phocis, he met a chariot carrying a man of distinction, who was accompanied by several attendants. Being ordered to remove out of the way by the charioteer, he refused. A contest arose, in which (Edipus slew his opponents, one servant alone escaping. On arriving at Thebes, CEdipus found the people in great grief, by reason of the presence of the Sphynx (a monster, part woman, part lion, and part bird), who had propounded a riddle to the citizens, and was destroying them one by one until they should-solve it. As the King Laius was dead, the citizens promised the- kingdom and Laius' widow to any one who should solve the riddle, and thus rid the * Edipus was not so called by his parents, but by Polybus, as having " swollen feet," by reason of his exposure, thongs having been passed through then 6 ARGUMENT. city of its destroyer. (Edipus, on learning this, solved the riddle, mar ried Jocasta the widow of Laius, and became King of Thebes. Such is the history antecedent to the period of the tragedy. The play opens with the prevalence of a pestilence in Thebes. The people wait upon CEdipus and beseech him to find some way of relief. lie answers that he has sent Creon his brother-in-law to Delphi to consult the oracle on the subject. Creon returns and states that the misery should cease as soon as the murderer of Laius is discovered and punished. Tile investigation then ensues, when (by the testimony of the old servant of Laius) it is proved that the exposed child of Laius had been reared as the son of Polybus, and it is also proved (by the escaped attendant's testimony), that the man whom (Edipus had slain in Phocis was Laius. Thus (Edipus is recognized as the unwitting murderer of his father and husband of his mother. The oracles are fulfilled;-the tragedy closes with the self-inflicted punishment of the unhappy aliplm TA TOT LPAMATOW IHPOI2HIA. OIA IiiOT~. TEIPEIAZ. IEPET.. IOKA2TH. KPE2N. ArrEAO:2. XOPO E PA IflN Aa'ov. EK?yEprTWV' 07~lawv'. E A r E A O. DIVISIONS OF THE TRAGEDY. FIRST SCENE.-Investigation by the Oracle, 1-150. Chorus. SECOND SCENE.-Investigation by the Prophet, 216-462. Chorus. THIRD SCENE.-Quarrel woith Creon; Aid of Jocasta, 513-862. Chorus. FOURTT SCENE.- Thepartical and the complete Discovery, 911-1185. (A brief choral ode divides the two discoveries.) Chorus. FIFTH ScEN.E.-The Catastrophe, 1223-1530. PLAcE.-Before the palace at Thebes. NOTE. The 7rpwraywvl0"7Ts acts the part of aFdipus. The 8ewvepayvwlpT~r7 the parts of Creon, Tiresias and Messenger. The'TpLTa-ywvomT?7 the parts of Priest, Jocasta, Servant and 2nd lessenger. OIJl1O YX T -YPANNO X. OIFIOHOT2. 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XE7Y 7yp Kca TA &buop', v L vo KcaEr op3ov tEX C0 ovTa, 7raPT av eTvxeXEv. OIzlISHOTX. 6 v~ 8\ OOV TOV7O'; OVT6 r/ap ~pauv9, 90 OVT OVP vripo&eluas elpL T 7ye VyV XoTY.e KPEI2N. eCl 7re8e XPl7eL,6 "rXq7TLcatorv KGXVE LV, e7TOL/LO E7TELVP, ETE Kacl EoTELXeLv crco. OIIHOT10. aE rJvTas ai8a. TvWv8e?yap TrXeov pepo TO 77WEvSOSa 1 KaEl Tl7- e/IS0 IV2Q V% Tept. KPE2N. 95'a'"'... p95 aryop pa, 0 T/OvOrpat Tl) ov XOVrap. PO 7P3, Xavuev!o o lo' aveo va p v. V 7T8 c tvvpetv, jL? ar/IeETOP TPEfJlO. 0I IHOT,. qrOltp KLL2ap/u O; TLS ~ TpWOSp T7S ~itVopcs OIAIHOTY TTPANNO:. 13 KPEn2N. at8ppv7XaTovvT-asX,' 6i0 +6rvov vraXLw 100 XvovTaS%, W; %3 XEata'ov 0X7iV. 7rotov 3,ap avvpo~s T9IV81e /qVV'Ec TXVV; KPEd2N. ~v ypv,3 J vas, Aaio6s 7-ror' yTecLov y0i T083, -rplv o0e T-v' a1cv~r,5VVW 70r6'Xv. OIJIHOTX. 6CtoL' acovtA' b 7yap eLs'c6Dv 7y zrwo. 105 KPEd2N. 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Kcat 0o0 7' E7rLcrj77rTo) TE, Kat 7rpoTpEftoLtaAt,, Tr PAv tear' o'tcLovq avro ov,o \ XeXL rafo, O ov 3 Keca ryp opco3s Tv 7 erW ToW reXes V'7rep. EALOu ALsT0\ / k or l0toS70 TTO& 7raTrpov aXoTv'vroT o LKr7ro0 v TrvXev. 1450 aXX' ea ALe paltev opEcLv, Ev%-a KcX?'rTat OVAOb KPitatpvp OV7TOp, O V pAr)Trp r~ LOL OIAIIIOYT TTPANNOV. 7raTrjp 7 C$sC&f7qV O)VTtL KV'pLOV Ta%7Ov, tv' e EKEIVO)V) Oit 0 k a7rcLhXXVTrTV, oa'vco. 1455 Kat7'o0 7ro0oo7T'v' o78a,,W?'Tre IL' av vo'-ov, Pl?7' acXXo 7repoat jir/8ev' oV 7tap av'voTre'~rvjCtcw Ev O P77V,',U 7Tf 7'T 8ewl( KalC&(. 2XX')t?7,LLE I//kW) /CLO p 07fTEp EU, m7(. 7ral8oov 8,'r&v /vtu apo-vcov,/rw /iot, Kpeov, 1460 7'rp9S7,L EptJvcL'a av p pe cLV,' TE,L' c 7rav'v 7r0)7e (IXeUv, Ev alv Cot, T70o /lOv. TraIl' arXiatLv oblc'patv T7e vrap Srvotv /xaiv abz o0v 7ro0?7 pI97 %Cip19 E(TTLs~r7 P0pas 7paL7rE~' aLveu To0V aevtpos, aX' O owv e.yO 1465 4avaotpt, 7Tra'VTv 7'v8v8 ac(1,LE7ELtXE-7V' av OL XEcUiLU't. I fLG Xtwa LEVz Xvpo'v IfraVo'ai P Laoov, Kca7r'o0Xavoaca L Kca Kca'. r 0) va;, N', 5 yor, yevva'e. Xepol 8' av 7tryc'v 1470 aO8Foi''Xetv cbaiq, T97Trep?l''' Xer/cov. ov 8) KXVo 70rov,,r'po9 1eOv, TOWiv /UOL tILXowV 8a3Kpvpp0oov0TroLt; cICL L EW'rOLCTrlpCaI Kp'o6v e7r6/1re,L OL t Ti XrbX C'lryoVOLV JILOvL; 1475 X7co TL; KPE2N. XeryLct. e7Yo 7ap elp' 6 7ropo'vas 7Tace, 7y0ovs 7-rv?raIpovoav TcpzJL, 7 0 EV 7rILXa1. OI4IHOTZ. bXX' EV7VX1O"P, ILcal (e 7r)s98 72/7 ooi3 8alCowv aIeLaov ]'LE \bpovprCoas Tv;XOL. 1480 o) TeKcva, rov 7ro0 E6TE; 83EVp''T, EXkSeTe;0 9 7Ta &wovEo /')L Ta7'o 7W4 E[La X'pwa, ai 70ov ()VT0vpyov raLrpo9 v/LWv O( Opiiv OIAInOTv TTPANNO:. 73 ra 7rpoO-re Xar7rpa wrpo4elvnYvoav opa7a' 50 bu!v, 01 i, ovr opwOv, 0ov? tar opoov, Jra7t7p Efav3Y~?7v yervov a'TS po0 iv. 1485 cat or ab &aKcpwco, (7rpo3XwE7retv 7yap ov c Ovvo,) VOOVSIpvO Ta, aotw' roV pov fov, 0)ov 3towva6 c obo rp? apgrpcOroy Xpeiw. 7rotia9 yp aGcTwv 7er' e7 l 96XlaS; zrotas 8' EopTa~s, evlev ov KecXav/xevaL 1490 vp5O oicov tleoY. a'vTb rJs %eosplat; a',x' 2iJc a,,v' 7 Tpo9 r/yaLWV 971C77T al a9, TVS; OVTOS 6JTat; rTv vrapapptfet, Tepva, TotaT' 3ovel3t Xa1s3ciJw, Ct ToS C/Lot 7o0YEvotl.'rco-rat o v 4' o/ouV 8GqXiata; 1495 T. y7ap IcaCtlw kE7rffT7; Top 7raTepa 7raTrTp V/tO CWE(Jfl) 7E v T 1EOU-av 7poev, 8Orev 7rep au'TOS' &erdapj, KalK TCv (w CKr)ojaY v VLaTS, wo7rep avTOS cEv. ToLavL ove8te't0'-e. KcLTa 71T yanLea; 1500 OVK EJTt?) Ovv C t, 0) TEIC)* a' XXCa vXa %eprovS'~ 0CapJat KCtyaa/ltovS V/ais Xpewv. r) wrab MevOLKtSe, aX' ct7rE LovO9 7raTy7p TratUratv XXet'at, (vu ySp,' p'vvreaSa'/zev, oXctXa/aev v ovT') /t, j ce 7repdlyS' 1505 7:TTWXa?, aCtrav pOV'v, E7EyeveS' a'Xo/eVraS, aXX' oLtcrrtov o'b5q, e8 TrqXXLCaS' opav, 7tavTcov eprLovS, r)TXv O0Ov TO COv LEpOS'. ~vvuovEov, o 7ryeuate,'y favraS' Xep[. 1510 o00v 8, W 0) TEKp, eE/L E) CiXETO?) 7 0 O7 jpe'vas, wrXX' tv 7rapcvovv' vvv 8 TOVT C' eVXee Ot, oV KcaetpO aLe, v, tov 6?iovoSo v/Las tcvprjoat Trov vTe-VavroT OTrarpO. 7a4 OIAMIrOT TTPANNOX. KPEd2N. 1515 a"Xt.'vi' c':7cetl &alcp cov; at'X-' o grey' CoW. OIAIHOT2Y. 7MerTCO)v, Ket (18EI v rqv. KPE!2N. 7ravra?yap KaLpt K/aXga. OIAIIIOT2. OlC'r' E OL OV ELLL; KPEl2N. Xetqs icalb TO7' E'YotaL KcXuVwv. OIAIHOT'. 7ny /,' 0o7rw9 W'4e~t aWrotlcov. KPEJ2N. OIAIHOI10r.!Xha reoZ?' 7X So'To~ x17cO. KPEJ2N. TOt7ryapoCv1 TE'uEt TaXa. OIdITOIQYX. 1520 +S T s8' Ovv; KPEd2N. a I/yL? cpov) 7ryap, ov bALX&, Xe7etrv,-fraTql. OIAIIHOT'. a7ra7eye PVv (6 eVT6El~V 171. KPEJ2N. orTe:X YVVv, TrCVmo 8' av 0o OIa IHOT'. pqSa) L"L Tavra9 y';',X pov. OIAIIIOTE TTPANNO7. 75 KPEJ2N. 7vraVa /Ly /3ovXov IcpaTrEvP. EKat yap a'KcpaT7jcs, oi0 0ob 0T) /3tp0 uvlrerT0. xoPoZ. t 7raTrpaS OE/3)7S evotLoL, XteV'Coer', OUiVriou' o08e, ol Ta IAEWftv aluvltu7/LaT y8,q, ca, KpatoLTo 5v arvp, 1525 O(Mt~ Ob 7'-X~ rOLXrtoV ca v'Xat, rtbX4e'rOv, e,6 oJoov,cXV)8ova 8ewtvi, ~vkfopas e'XlXvrev. wsie rvvyrev..v.r CKEly.). 7 Xv rTXFVTaalp l&8ewv 9//cpa EIaTWKOWO VTCt /f7,v''X/3i'TEti,'7TrP' TEpp) a T7P E7icOPT Wo7etUc, P]lv eXeLV raV. i530a r"Epa OV /1o epdfr, prlScv a"Xewa. t rt7V. L530 0 LI .-po T E Smus was t 1.L-rpoo+'q poetically used for rra^Bs&. AS Cadclnus was the founder of Thebes, the Thebans are called his children. 2. —rTvaS tro' E'Spas — o4ETEE, PrCay what supplications a}'e these that you hurr'y before nze? From the seats at the foot of the throne where suppliants were wont to sit, the term E3pa is applied to the supplications themselves. Musgrave and others are inclined to make.oad9om in this place the same as 9aao-cro-w, but their reasoning is slender. 3. —KXCBoLOLtv iEGreT&EhVot, Frnished with boughs. Suppliants bore in their hands boughs of olive wrapped in wool. These boughs were called rE la/ra (see Homer's Iliad, book I, line 14). 5.- -ratdvov. The Poean was a hymn addressed to Apollo, and took its name from his title of "P.ean" (saviour or soother). 6. —8KacWlv, Thtinking prope'. 9.-7rpEr5wv & Tvs, Thou art a suitable person, i. e., by reason of thy age and priesthood. 10. —rlTt TrpOr?, For what purpose. (See Eur. Sup. 151.) 12.- am& understood before 7rav. --— ias understood after 7rposapKeJV. 13. —3apav. See note on 2. 16.-A-cwro-crt iz -r o os, Thy altars. The altars are termled iris, because near his palace. It was the custom to have altars in that locality. 20. —.ayopao-Lt. The images of the gods were generally placed in the forum. - HaXkd8os &LXoTs vaomT. There were twotemples of nMinerva at Thebes. 21.-T'Iorlvoo bWavTrEc (rro$~, The Istmenzzts, a little rivulet or brook very near Thebes. It was sacred to Apollo, and on its banks stood a temple dedicated to that god. Hence'Io-wuqvov for'Arro-oXXvo3. - p- tLaV7TTe'a, same as (LaV7LK7. 22.-The student is supposed to be familiar vith the contraction of Kac as seen in KaT SOb and KvaKov,'(at. The metaphor of a violent storm and flood is here introduced: The city is violently agcitated ancd canzn2ot raise its head above the depthhs of the bloody surge. 27.-Ev 8', adverbially, Besides. Or the Ev may be con, sidered as separated by tmesis from ox<~as. - Hvp-,Mpos, Fever-bearingz. By' fever-bearing god," is meant the plague with which the city was visited. 29.-8-opa Ka8/ETov, i. e., the city. See note on line 1. 33, 34. —iv o-vuqbopaZs lov r'v rE 8oacLvovxY ~vvaXXayacs, Iz the eve/nts of life aZdt in the interventions of divinities, i. e., in the ordinary circumstances of life and in those extraordinary circumstances where gods directly interfere.'The effect of the tragedy is greatly enhanced by this lofty reputation of CEdipus. 36.-o-KXr-pas adot8ou 8ao-1u0, Thie tribute to the cruel 2ocetess. By "poetess," is meant the Sphynx, whose riddle was given in verse, thus: oTtL 8Lt7OvV EirL KyOr K'L KrEpa7rov, o0v Ll (Ja )V), Kat rptnov' aXXa(do-oE 8' Ovv pov/ov, oo-' ErL yatav EpT7rETa KtVELat, L ava Tr aeLpac Kat KaTa 7rOVTOV. &XX' oror'av 7rXEoroLurTv b~WELOtEVOV lrocTL patvI, v3a TC0os -vo'ctLV avpoSracrov rEXEL a(VoTV. NOTES. 81 The " tribute" given was one citizen every year. See Class. Dictionary, articles " Sphynx,' " (Edipus," etc. 40.-KpaToTrov rractv, First in all vir'tues. Oi8'Tov Kapa, a circumlocution for " (Edipus" simply. See Antig. 1 42. — rov for TLVo. - 44, 45.-As Isee trhat especially the events of experienceld counsel are alive. By this they mean, That experienced counsellors are not apt to be mistaken. 46. —' for It, imperative of E Lt, as from iat. 48. —r-s rapos 7wpo3v/la%, By reasonz of your former zeal, i. e., in interproting the riddle of the Sphynx. They then go on to say that they do not want to be reminded of his government as of one that began under fair auspices, but was at length overrun with calainity. They thus provolke him to zeal for the honour (f his good namle. 52.,-pv9.0 aolit, W'ith good onwen. As omens were prin. cipally derived from birds, the word opvLw became used for " ollen." 56.-ovrrE 7TVp7Yo OVTE va;S, N~either the fortresses of the aC'?rnzy qzor the bzlwarvs of the navy are worth aught when devoid of men. 58. — vo-r, K0o'C /yv~rca, a tautology frecquent in the poets. Compare Soph. Elect. q'gs, ov'8 8vsXEpr'/, and Aj. 289, caKXr7To, OVrTE KX7qE&lS. An example is also'seen in the New Testamlent-John xx. 27, tI y7lov aTLTroS, JaXXa GO, 61.-,W cyw —E'Icrov, As nutch a(is I 63. —/ovov ica,' aVorv, KOEV&' aXXov. For this mode of expression, see above, note on line 58. 67. —=XaXvos (mase.) for the more common wX~avats (fem.). See Phil. 759, and (Ed. Col. 1114. These mental exercises had probably been undergone in seeking the causes of the calamity. 70.-yakfl3piv. This word, derived from y4/aos, signifies 4 82 NOTES, any one connected by marriage. HIV#LKa oft/3ov S'9 /ta', that is, The temple at Delphi. The epithet, "Pythian," is given to Apollo (and to his temples). because he slew the serpent Python near Delphi. 73, 74.-Literally, The day mzeasured with the time grdieves mze, as to what is the matter. That is, I am troubled (when I see that he has been absent the full time allotted for the duty,) lest some mishap may have occurred. 74, 75. —Ite is absent mnore than the suitable tinze, beyond what is natural. That is, He is absent longer than is necessary to go and return; and, even allowing some time for stoppages, he has remained away more time than is attributable to such a cause. 78.-EcS KaXo~v, that is, Kau&,. - oLIe, These, i. e., the youth near him. 80. —r,. Some would emend by writing ems, but it seems with a desire more to make an elegant construction than to preserve the more genuine text. r? is used as rTLw. See JEsch. S. Th. 474. -et yap, the same as cLE,i, TiozuttlCl thCat. 82. -ELcao-a. co-r7 is understood. -- i8s-ESor'r is here also understood, viz., Hie is p2leeasing,' i. e., he brings pleasing news. 83.-It was the custom for those, who returned from the oracle with a favorable answer, to wear garlands of laurel on their head. GComp. Aristoph. P1. 21. The laurel was sacred to Apollo (Class. Diet., article " Daphne"). 84. —-lkzerpos. Kr.TX., For lhe is near enoug'h to hear uts. Literally, Folr he is qneasurzed (frSom zus) so as to heasr. 85. —Kj8$EV/a and yapt3po's are synonymes. (Comp. line 70.) Creon is termed ava4, not " king," but "chieftain."' NOTES. 83 87, 88. — Good news. For I declare that eten reg'arding dificult circumstances'if they find a rigAt issze, all would be well. This sentence is obscure purposely as Creon did not wish to disclose the whole truth at once. 90 -— r YE vvv XvSy, With your words just utte~red. (Edipus says that Creon's words were so obscure, they neither encouraged nor discouraged him. 97. —~1tacrua, Polluted person; the abstract for the concrete. 101.0 L- aula XELCUaov, accusative absolute. The accusative absolute has a pronominal subject generally. Preceded by as, however, a substantive subject is common in the Attic writers. 105.-E-e(rE8V yE. The -yE renders Ec1-EG$ov emphatic as antithetical to a'ov'xv. 108.-7.wo- 7yrs; Where in the wold? 110. —The sozught is seized, but the neg'lected escapes; a metaphor taken from the chase. 1 14. —wEhpops is the term used for a consulter of an oracle; literally, " a spectator." l15. —J7rerkar&/, used in the middle sense, le vwent. 1 6.-vj7rrpacrKrop, Companion. 117.-Xvpro-ar' al,, Migfht have used, as testimony. I 19.V-o8Ev EX;', Was not able. 120. —r Oroiov, not:What, but What lind of a circumstance is this he remembers. 1'21.-a-pXyv /paXEaav iXr$6os, A small beginning of hop2e, i. e., a small beginning which shall excite hope of more. 122.-ofh!uz 5piu/, Not with one strength, i. e., not with the strength of one. There were many robbers, not a single man. Notice here how true to nature is the exaggeration of this cowardly attendant, who magnifies the solitary (Edipus to a band of robbers. 84 NOTES. 125. —v39Ev3', Iizencen; i. e'., from this city (Thebes). - -— s Tr0E TOSl, To this pitch oj' audacity. CEdipus here hints at Creon himself, who might have slain Laius to obtain the crown, being apparently the next claimant. 130. —7ro0LKXo il, cliddle-siizging. - ra wrpo 7roro-l, Things present. -- Taavri, Things absent, i. e., matters touching the death of Laius. 134. — 7rtrTpo0iv, Car'e. 136. —TrtopoUvra K.T.X. The land needed avenging for the death of its king, and the god (Apollo) needed avenging, because the death of Laius was an insult to himn Laius having been on his road to Apollo's shrine when lie met his death. 137. —rJv 7rorTEpW C(XLov; the citizens in general. 138. — arocrKE83, an Attic form of the future a&roe1-Kc3c-tW. 143. —acrracre, as &vo —rao-'E, Arise. 144.-Ka8,uov Xaov, elegantly for "the inhabitants of Thebes." See note on line I. 145.-J - rav Eo0VU 8procvro), For I shallG Cdo all in n7zy power. 146.-The &vv rE3 3e, By God's hel2p, belongs only to the Ej3VXe7s, not to the,-EwTTOrKOrTES. Comp. Eur. iled. 625. 798. CEdipus here leaves the stage for the time. 147.-o-T7jrEo-rra. The form in ecr3a is common with thle poets. 148.-a 2CyykXraL, for gayyzy&klX. See Soph. Elec. 9N3. 150. —The ical introdcles not a distinct but an explanatory epithet, viz., our' saviour as a stopyer of the pl2aguze. 151. —The Clhorus is composed of Theban elders assembled by order of (Edipus. See line 144. a3vErjs —ras-E-' ag, Doric forms for'8VE7'1r3-T7-S'/q. The tragic writers use the Doric dialect in the Chorus. NOTES. 85 15Q.-rri roXvyjJ~Scrcv HCvJ~vcfyvo Xas c 3ay ~6aa; Hfast thozl come from, golden. ~ zDelp-2,i to ilzlustrious Thzebes? Delphi is called golden from the quantity of valuable offerings there deposited. For IHIvS.3vos, see note on line 70. The Chorus know an oracle has arrived, but do not know its purport. Hence their question, Tls 7rore K.iz.X. The oracle is called Jove's, because even Apollo's prophetic power was said to be derived from Jove. l53.- Ecl'eTaat, perf. pass. of'KTlv, I a anxious; or literally, I acn on the st'etcl.-o —-- 3pav for wrEp[o/3ov. So in English we use "fearful" in both senses, subjective and objective, as "I am ft[aqful of that monster," and "I shrink from that fea2ful monster." 154. —Apollo was called'I'ico from io/tat (to heal), AXLoS from1 A~Xos (the island), and Halcsv from iravw (to calm, i. c., diseases). i55.-Ud/-'os, r l understood with ud/cL frol, ReveriSng thirTe cqafairs. - vfov, adverbially, 2Now. 1 56.-rrdXJ, fe.reafte r. 158.-The oracular response is styled the "child of Hope," because it is witlh heope of its favorable character that the oracle is sought. 159.-KoEKXCoo&V agrees with /Iot in line 163. 161, 162.- "Aprepuv and (lPot3ov with their adjectives are in the accusative, because'Aacva is the only deity as yet directly addressed. Understand, therefore, Trv o-mv with "ApTrEuv, thus, nvokinTg thee, 0 Zlin'erva, etc. etc., ccand thy eartth-encircling- sister Diaczca, etc. etc., and the fca-dclcrting A2)polo. Then 7rpoa'vrTEr appears in the 2d person plural, all three being addressed. 161. —-EctXEa is supposed by some to be a nominative for CEKXELa, (as Diana was called by the Boeotians). I 86 NOTES. would prefer considering it the accusative, agreeing with 4povov. 164.-7rporEpa raTas opvvLdEvas. Genitive absolute (which I would consider a genitive governed by a suppressed preposition). --- Vrp for VTrepavw, the adverb. 165. —7roXt, that is, In the city. 166.-mvfvcrar' KroTrlaV K.r.X., Ye achieved [this, viz., the mzaking] the flame of tvoe banished. This is the literal method of filling out the expression, which is the same as, Ye b6aished the flame of woe. Reference is had to the Sphynx. 167. — r 7rot, an exclamation derived from an old nominiative 7ro'r, "' a god." Hence 0) 7r0roL, Ogods! 169. — /woI 7rpSora 3o-Tr&Xo, M2 whole eople. The E~to' is a possessive dative, as if C.Jo. -'(rToXo% from o-rAXO (to equip), is, 1st. Equipment; 2d. Army; 3d. Multitude or People. 170. —'vt for EGtr.-L. - povwr8og`y/Xos, (lit.) Spear of thought, i. e., "strength of mind." 172. —EKyova, Fruits. 173, 174. —Nor do wonmen inz childbiirth rise from, their woefulpains, i. e., they do not survive their labour. The method of explaining avEXovo-L with the genitive is to supply lavrSa l$, thus, "they do not raise them. selves from,' etc. 176.-J-7rep, neut. plural of rsormrp, used adverbially, Just as. 177. —Kp;'crvov, MIor'e fier-cely. 178.-c r7re'pov 3co, Taze evening good, i. e., the god of dark ness or gloom, Pluto. 180. —vmX&a generally bears an active signification, Unt p2ityinig; here it has the passive sense, Unpitied. 181.-The ground is called Savarqo76pos, as if the pestilence was caused by noxious vapours arising from the ground. NOTES. 87 183.- Ev3'. See note on line 27.-'r'- av-aZ' under stood. 184.-J-Krav 7rapa jO&pu/ov. Some would emend this read ing with Brunck thus, &VrTv vrapafnutov. I would rather follow those who retain the old reading and translate it, By the altar"'s beach. The altar is a refuge to the Thebans, as the beach to a shipwrecked mariner. 187.-The Prean was a solemnly-chanted prayer for deliverance. (See line 5.) The tones of the Pean are here interlmingled (0'/avXos) with the groans of the sufferers.- -- o'uavXos is from o/os (united), and avXAo, (Ca Jute). 158. — 9 -Va)rTEp hLdo, i. e.,'Ahava, before addressed. See line 159. 189. — Evra is the accusative from E&v+O, and agrees with aXKav. Help is personified and styled " fair-eyed," as being greatly desired. 193. -Turzq onc a backwa'rd cougrse. KaTa is understood before the accus. 3parl',uyLa, and 3os before the infinitive vamo-aL. 194. —rarpag ar7rovpov, From the bouncdaries of mny land. 1952 — 3adXawov'Ajckt7rptlas, i. e., the sea. See Classical Dictionary for " Amphitrite.' 197.-KXiv'8va, Boisterous sea. The Black Sea is referred to; Thrace bounded it on the southwest. 198. — rXEL, At its close. 200 — TOv for TOTrov, referring to "Apead J1aXEpov. Line 190. io-rparrav, Doric for ao-rpa7rrv. 201.-Kpcar- veovw, Wielding the polwer. 203.-Av'KEJ' ava:. Apollo (say some) is called the Lycian king, because worshipped with peculiar honours in Lycia. 206. —rpoOrra3'rTa, from irpoI-TrrrTt. 208.-a'IyXas, Splendours; poetically for " darts." 88 NOTES. 2 tO. —,r-a8' Errwvvjov yas, Suz2named flom this land. IiHe was called ~r/l~aros. i21.-dc'ov; a title of Bacchus, given him by Jupiter. whc() when aided by him in the war with the giants, cried out Ec vLE (well done, son!). Others derive it from the [Bacchanalian cry, Evo?. 215.-hri, Ag'ainst. -- &oV; see note on1 line 200. 216. —(dipus now re-enters, having heard the last words of the Chorus. - - $' aiTrcT K.ri.X., AnlCd ZVwhat things thou askest (if etc. etc.) thou mightest rcceive, namely, aid and reliefJ 219, 220. —tvo rov X6yov-rEvos rov 7rpaXJ&Eroi, i. e. I now have heard this story for the first time, and I was not living here when the murder was committed (referring to Laius). 221.2.-o-Vl'oov here signifies, "a guiding fact," to assist the search. 222.-Eis a'rovrs rEXW, I Cam enrolled Ca7on.g the citizens. TEXO) has this signification in Eurip. Bach. 822. 223.- Ta8,uco~L. See note on line 1. 227.-KEi IE'v o36eTraL K.T.X., EveCn if he fear9, secretly?emzoving,; the accusationt ca,g'ainst ~hinzseC i. e., even though, through fear of punishment, hlie would strive to remove firom himself, by stealth, the guilt which is really his. 229.-o-rTEpyEs, Sevzere. The student will notice that this 7rPCroeTaL is from'ri-aoXw, not from 7rEl9w. 231. —-av implies a contrary case. 232.-TrEX for TEXE-o), I shall g'ive; literally, "'I shall accomplish." 234.-a[r(To- vo7ros, Shalcll r'estr'ain his spcech. —-- X avTro,-L/(ras undclerstood.'235.-,e rTv8E, After these thiing's; a common expression of Sophocles for iETa raO Ta. NOTES. 89 236. —y/s sgrf is to be joined in translation withl TO:, in the 238th. line. 24O,-X vL/as3. X'pvlv is from XE'p (hanCbd), and vt'71 (tC zvashz), and signifies,' the lustral water," used to wash the hands at sacrifices. - The student will notice v(fo in its two senses, in lines 23'7 and 240. One sense arises frol the other. 241.' —,Eiv depends, as do v1'EpL, 7ro EoJ, ete., on 7rav83, line 236.- — tac-paTros. See lines 11 and 145, for the same method of construction. Of course, /a lua,. refers to the guilty person. 242. —ro HV,9hK0V 3EOV /lJCaV7,EoV, an uncommon form for rO voZ lIvhlov 3EOV!JCVT'rEOV. 244. —atovt, i. e., Apollo.- ~vSp' SavovrT, i. e., Laius. 248.-The order is, vLv datotpov,ca.Kc CEI-pIat ag KaKV ltov. yCV refers to royv 38pado'ra; 8copoov means, "without sharing in the usual custollls of life." 250. —uoV euvVCL8Tos. This reading is altered by Brunck and others -with strong protests against the version we have adopted.-(dipus had denounced fierce curses on the murderer; if he had desired to add, that he wished him cursed even though he should be found in his ((Edipus') house, cal would lhave appeared before ev Tros CEoLs OIoKOtLL. Moreover avToV would have been expressed with -a,9-Ev. Evidently, (Edipus, after cursing the murderer, calls for a curse on himself if he had screened the guilty; he does this to show clearly to the people his honesty of purpose. With these considerations we would conservatively hold fast to the common reading. 253; —roU &oh, i. e., Apollo. 254.-d-Koapwro@ KJ0h-%, WTil-thout fzuit and witfhout God. The land was oppressed with iamine, and showed no signs of divine protection. 90 NOT]ES. 255. —For, though the matter were not commanded by eaven, TO 7rpa~/kCa, i. e., the expiation of the murder of Laius. 26L. —KoLvo here (as in Soph. Antig. line 1,) is used for a3EXAo;. The meaning here is, " brothers of brothers would they have been to my offspring, had his line been prosperous," i. e., if he had had any children to survive him. For Jocasta, the widow of Laius, was now the wife of (Edipus. 263.-KELvov, though it may refer to Laius himself, (see CEd. Col. 1760-1763 for such a construction,) yet more probably refers to the pjrogeny of Laius; which progeny, as (Edipus thought, had not survived. This speech forcibly presents the ignorance of (Edipus regarding his own origin, and prepares the audience for greater surprise at the discovery that (Edipus is the son of the slain Laius. - E-vq'XaS', HIas lecaled violently. FIor other examples of this metaphor, see line 1300, and Soph. Ant., line 1347. 264. —v93' dv, Therefor'e, i. e., because I am, as it were, his heir, having his wife, his kingdom, etc. etc. The student will note how well-managed all this speech of (lEdipus is to move an audience. Hle speaks of Laius so tenderly, and likens him to a father, little aware that the dead monarch was his father, and that this very fact formed his own fierce accusation. 265.-. 7rL 71rVT' ao/otact, literally, I will come to all things, i. e., " I will try all methods." 267. —Tr Aa&3XaKeL[ -rat3o, IloXv&Wpov sE K.l-.., a peculiar construction for r^) Aa/a&oKov -rat3s, Ilohv3d8pov K.-.X., Ta- 7rate& for TOV 7ra3osg, A" Seeking to seize the 2perpetrator of the nmurz'der of the son of Labdacus, and Polydorus," etc. Labdacus was the father, Polydorus the grandfather, etc. etc. of Laius. 269. —raTa, the same referred to in line 252. that is, NOTES. 91 all acts of assistance in lthe search for the murderer. 271. —vdvLEat is to be repeated before -ra3as, or iather some kindred verb applicable to rat8as is to be substituted; as, for instance, av'etv. 272. — EX.9Yov, More deadly. 276. —S7rep p' JpaZov EXaflEs, As yozu have laid mne under curse (if I dclisobey). 2'78, 279.-But this question, " Who com1mzitted the deed?" was fbr Apollo, vwho sent (the oracular order) to acnswer. 282. —ra 8evTEpa, Tlhe next mnethod. ---- Tv8 refers to the plan of seeking a solution from Apollo. The whole line is, " I would sug22'est what appears to mne the zext mnethod (of procedz6ure) after this (plan of askizng Apollo, which yozt say is impq2'acticable). 284. —avaKTa is applied to Tiresias, as a title of respect due his prophetical character. See Classical Dictionary. The occurrence of a'va$ three times in this short speech of the Chorus is certainly a defect. 287.-Ev apyos', same as apyt..- oiie, Not even. 288.-Erd'vToS, Suggesting. - 8t7rXoo, poetically for 8o0. 289.-9av,/uaLerat, Is won2der'ed at. 290. —K-oi, Confused. He refers to the common reports of the death of Laius. Some translate Kioa, 1" senseless," or " silly;" but there was nothing either senseless or silly in those reports; they were conflicting and thus " confused," and the transition of meaning in KWcU' from 1" stopped up," (its original sense,) to " confused,': is readily seen. 293. —-rov o' goSr' ovtS opa, But zno one sees the mnan who beheld (the attack). 294.-8ELTats —e'pos, A pFarticle of fear (iln his nzatze). The nominative to E'XEL here must be O 8pWv, under 92 NOTES stood in the mind of the speaker, because (Edipus in answer says, W' 8pJvrt K.T.X., evidently referring to the words of the Chorus. 299,-pr:(EVI~ Ov, Is innate. 306. —avre'7reUerV, Sent back as anszwer. 303.-J- aSovres eV, Ascertaining corr'ectly. 310.- -3ov r ag, Withholding. 311.-The full expression would be t-qT' yaXXVv $38v tavTLKr/s, 1 T LV aV'XXrv jkavWTqK'S EXEL3 030v. 312.-fro-caL. The first and second occurrences of.froac have a different signification front the third. In the former, it is applied to the sufferers, in the latter to the plague. In the former it is "deliver," in the latter "remove." This may be explained by considering "to draw" the original meaning of the verb. Then in the first two instances we have "draw thyself," and "draw me," from the evil; and in the latter instance we have " draw the plague" from zs. 313.-rE9v.TE3KdroT, i. e., Laius. 314.-Ev ro-l ytp rO-Lv, _For we are in thee, i. e., our hopes of deliverance are placed in thee. Acts 17: 28. Eur. Ale. 279. 316.-TEXr XvEt, literally, Pays expenses, i. e., produce a profitable result-for Xvnr-Ie-E. 318.-8-('XEo-a, HTaveforgotten. 321. —&too-w, I will bear Pmy (burden). 323. —Trav' a7ro-rrepv cr/Tv, Dep2riving the city of this oracle. It is by such a translation that the use of aLrooT(rEpv with the accusative of the object withheld may be explained; Tr7v norAtv understood. 325. —tS oVV K.r.X.,'" In order, then, that I may not do the same, I am silent." The verb -7rda-Xw signifies, "to be in a condition;" as here the " condition" of aEdipus referred to, was that of speaking ino~pportunely; NOTES. 93 we translate arc.9o fitly by " do," a verb-representa. tive. (Edipus had spoken rather harshly to Tiresias (322), and here Tiresias answers rather abruptly. The Chorus then interposes with an humble and soothing petition. 329. —rT' for va /cta, and refers to the oracular words of Tiresias, the KaJa only belonging to ra oa. 331. —KaraqS.cEpa 6roAXv, by the continuance of the plague, which can only be stopped by banishing the murderer of Laius, and only through thee (Tiresias) can he be discovered. 333.-a-kd s, Rashly. o3- OV av 7rv'tot, You will not learn. 336. —ar'EyKroT KaEXEvrTros, Harcslh and unyielding. --- 4avJe, Attic for 4iav7j. 337. —rTv v se. VpyTv. Some suppose T jv a-v refers to aXoXov understood, that is; to Jocasta; but this interpretation is too harsh. 341.-The Typ refers to a sentence understood; thus, " There is no need of my saying these things,for" etc. etc. — av, as if cavrioara, Of its own accord. 342. —o3Kogv. This word comes to mean "therefore," in an assertion from being " (is it) not therefore" in interrogation, wlere the interrogation is one that enhances the affirmation. For example, " Is it'zot, therefore, a fact that Cesar conquered Gaul?" is equivalent to " It is, therefore, a fact that Csesar conquered Gaul." Here the "therefore" may be thus explained in its reference, " Since these things would (as you, say) come out of themselves, therefore," etc. etc. 344. —3vjov, imperative of 9Svo'w. 345. — O3py7 EXo, literally, Thus of anger I have, i. e., " so much anger I have," or, " I am so angry." 94 NOTES. 346. —'rSt yp 0oKJv, For now thou appearing; idiomatic for " know that thou appearest." 347.-oo-ov, As mnuch as (thou couldst). 348. —l 8' E'ryXaves /3Xe7rwO, And if thou hadst hadppened to have thy sight. 350. —aXakEs; a sarcastic question or exclamation. 351. — rep, by attraction in the same case as KTpVy/Mart. 355.-7rov, an enclitic, Perhaps., —-- cEVc-at, To fly, i. e., from punishment for this shameless speech. 356. —radX1es yap L rxvov'pe o. A noble saying —or I have truth (as mny) fortress. 359.-7roiov Xoyov, What speech (did I command you to utter)? 360. —" Did yozu not utnderstand mne at first, or do you tenz2pt mne to sl2eak (vzore at large)?" I have retained the old reading XIyetv, instead of altering it (with Brunclk) to Xyowv. 361. —(Edipus answers the former question of Tiresias. Tiresias says, " Did you not understand me at first?" UEdipus replies, " I did not.understand you so that I can say that the remark was perfectly intelligible." 362. —od refers to fovea, and is governed by KVpEiV. KVpELV governs the genitive often, probably because its original signification is " to happen," and therefore a /xera is required with the genitive, which utEr&a at length was dropped. 363.-ovr Xatpwv, sarcastically. 365.-o&Tov ye Xp-jessL (SpIoeak) as much as you zwish. The adverb /Mt7v is undoubtedly the accusative of TE1ar, (a failure,) with its KaTa understood. 366. —XeXrlSevat ouXkovrra. For the construction of Xavagdvo and a participle, see the Grammars. --- tkrTrOLS, Nearest relatives. The plural is here used for the singular, the mother of (Edipus being alone meant. We NOTES. 9O5 see this idiom in English. We may say to a friend: "I see you travel in steamboats," when we only are aware of his having been in one. Perhaps there is, in this manner of speech, the expression of our conviction that, though only one be known, it is very probable there are mzany of the objects, whatever they may be. 367. —L,' EG K aKOV, literally, Wheare of evil you ar'e, i. e., in what a state of misery you are. 368. —Let the student remark here how certain (Edipus must have felt that Tiresias was uttering falsehood, and therefore how natural in his violent language toward the old prophet. 369. —Eirep, (I do think so) if, etc. 372. —Ta'ra refers to blindness, physical and mental. 371. —T-_ v8E belongs to o.VELs. 37t4.-T-pEOcCLfT —-pcE, as in line 356 for E. ——. - VVKT0o; by this is meant his blindness. -— s E and ab'Xov are accusatives after f/SXiac. ---- cE understood is the accusative before. - - ps is Continual. 377.-E-K7rpaaLt, To p2unish. 380.- TXV"7 TX'v-q v3rcEp'Povoua, Art excellin, (any other) ar't. He probably refers to "the art of governing," though some would prefer referring it to "skill in interpretation," as shown in the matter of the Sphynx. 382.r-o'ao,% Hozo nmuch. - -vX-cro(rETat, Is stored. 385. —6 wTorra,, J pXA3s 4(hos. This is not said in irony, because (Edipus had actually believed him such. 386.- -7rEX,\v, a term taken from the games, where it was applied to the wrestler when he stole under his adversary to overthrow him. 387.-V-koyov, Sor ce'ere; a disparaging word. In later times, and among Orientals, it was an honorable term. See Matthew ii. 1. The word is Persian. B9t NOTES. 38S. — yyvprnv, Crozwd-collector, i. e., juggler or mountebank. 389.-SE'8opKE. The same idiom is seen in English, " He only looks to his own interest." 390.-brEr, For. 391. —pa~fps3. By this is meant the Sphynx, any monster being called Kvov as a generic name. 393. —i67rtO VT0s Jv3p, An2y?aC an hap2 eni7ng to be at hanZd..o uE'poS is understood. 395. —rpovc0vrls cEXwv 7yvTr0v, Appeared to know. 397.-p-u8Ev v dE8s, that is, Not pretending to be like thee, a prophet, but a plain man, ignorant of all such matters. 39S. —yvJp, subjective reasoning, as opposed to &r' OkWoV) kahc0v, objectively acquired knowledge. 402.- ryXarr-ELv governs ip& understood. 403.-E-yvos av ola,reyp povJEs, Thouzt shouldst havzce a vivitl senzse of the folly of thy thoug'hts; literally, Of what thou thinkest. 404. —EdiKdovo-L, Comp2ar'ing- (you' speech). 406.-r ToLoVM, Such angr'y zvords. - ro'se a-KorETL is the antithetical clause. 407.-X- v`op.v. The oracular response was, as i;t were, bozund, until its practical effect had resulted. To bring about this result was to loosent the oracle's reply. 40S.-i'w~oJEov, To be equalled, i. e., To be equally permitted (to me). This is the predicate; the rest of the sentence is the subject, &o-rr; being understood. 409.-Kpazr&, respecting Tiresias, is opposed to rvpavvsEt, respecting (Edipus. 410.- ov rt has the force of "not at all," Tt being, probably, the accusative governed by KaT7a. 4.1. —rpocrdrov. The,rpot-rrrar was the patron of for. cigners resident in a Grecian city. Tiresias here says, NOTES. 97 that, as he was Apollo's servant, he would not enrol himself as one of Creon's clients. HIe had higher help. 413. v EL KaoL'ov y' dr' uasrov. Supply from the preceding clause Xpqo-jV-,,&X&9cV. The olxe only accompanies this part of the parenthetical sentence; the last clause being an affirmation. 71 3.- ~EL. The indicative future is used in Greek where in Englishl we use the verb with " would;" The Greek, as it were, throws itself back into the past time, 110 NOTES. and then the future indicative becomes the natural tense. 715. —KaL rOv S.lv, And in the first place, as regards him, i. e., Laius. 716. — ovE.oUvot. The note on line 713 will explain this present. All languages have this idiom, viz., present for past. 717.-7rat35os 8E /3Xaor'i, In the second place, as reg'ard the birth. of the child; KarTa is to be supplied. o 8tEcXOV ijL patL pEt Kat vtV afpJpa KElVOS K.T.X,, 2Not thlree days intervened, and he having bound himn by the joints of his feet (i. e., his ancles). This use of "and" for "when," is to be noticed. ---- ara is to be supplied before apJpa. 720.-evra3a, Here, i. e., in this case. 725.-XpEtav lpEvva, Seeks the use. 726. —oLov agrees with \rXavr-qLa. 728. —ivroarpaOtds, IJiluenced. 729. —aKoo-at has /tE understood as the accus. before it. 730.-K.araoraays`. Here in English we would use the indicative. 731.-X- tavrT' eX. This use of Etyv with the participle, has been noticed before (see lines 699, 701). It is here equivalent to the 1st aor. ind. 3 pers. sing. of the participle's parent-verb. 732. —ra'So refers to the death of Laius. 734. —AEXOCv. Supply a-ro before. 735.-i-$EXqrXvJ,;% Elapsed. Literally, "gone forth." 736. —crXE3ov L, fJust. Literally, " something near." 738. —OEdipus, full of the circumstance of the murder, and with a conviction of the truth flashing across his mind, exclaims, (as if forgetful that Jocasta as yet knew nothing of the fact,) " What hast thou determined to do fbsr me? "-or it may be addressed to Jupiter. Cotmpeare lile 1198. NOTES. 111 740.-,- t m/ro' / poCra, -Do zot as/c m72e yet. OEdipus hopes that his surmises may be wrong-that he may have made too hasty a conclusion that the murder he committed was the murder of Laius, and therefore asks for further particulars, before he condemns himself.,rJ-tv, Al2Fear'ance oJ bocly. 742. —Xvoa'cOv "apTL XcEvKav&e Kapa, literally, Blooming ias to his clately-whitented head. 745. — rpo/3aXwov oVrK eE'vat. Translate as if the. verbs interchanged their words; thus. I" To have unwittingly exposed," etc. 747.-XAEiro)v like a&X3i~, for what is true sees, as what is false is blind. 750.-Pact%, With a small combplany. 757. —ravvv, formed from -ca and vvv, and requiring a preposition to be supplied, becomes, as here, simply an adverb, "now. " 761.-J-ypo5i', that is, fTl aypoiv. 764.-7~o-c Kal IVE(oW4 Xdptv, Even a ggreater' faCvour' than this. 766. —vaic c-rtv, he is present, i. e., he is near enough to be brought before you soon. --- — crae, Dost thozu desire. 767. —8E3,LK' i.UavrTv simply, Ifear. 769. —i'Erat, governed by o 8oviXo understood. 770. —vo'6pws exovra, as if "vor6opa ov7-a. 771. —rTEpyl-9S. Supply -rov 4ta9lv from the preceding sentence. The hopes (fCrd3wo) of CEdipus had refer ence to the information, that the servant (who had been sent for) would bring. -- - Ei -ro-ovTrov EXr/t&w To suc a degr'ee of expectatio,.. 776 —EKE, Thzee, in Corinth. - -— r'x, Event. This refers to the suspicions against his birth. See what follows. 778. —orwov8s, Anxiety. 112 NOTES. 780. —rap' o'ev is not superfluous, but refers to the exact tine of,caxE, viz., I his culpS. 781. —r71v'tI' o'v-av f/,pav, FJor that clay. We, in English, have the similar phrase,' For the time being,"; e. g., "t That was a good method for the time. being'; but," etc. 782. —:" and /lov is governed by an understood preposition. $09. — Xor, KxCVTpOcrt,' literally, " WithL double staves:" NOTES. 113 a Greek idiolmatic expression for " aith two blows of his staff." 810.-oV to0-7v =!JczEova.'T1/LOp'Lav is understood. 814.-If any'eclationshil sublsists between this str'anger and Laius. 815. —ro93e av poS- -=E-o. 81 7. —, Whrejeeore. 822 —ap' E&vV KaKOS. This question has no negative. The next has. I would paraphrase it thus: " Ai2 I thCen a sinfuzl mzortal? Nay, rCather, cam I Tzot inz every r'espect imp,?u)re?" 823. —The C' fuE Xp' refers to CEdipus considered as a Corinthian; the' ya/oLs /E &Ec in line 825, refers to him in the alternative of returning to Corinth. 828. — r' dWov raZra 8auovo's. Supply EJvat in construction after vravTa.- -is KpLVov governs avopoG. —--- avSpc Tr8E. See note on line 815. 833. —rot0V8E KqX.8a tv/oop&s. We have the same form in English, viz., Such a disg'race of a caClamity. More evident in this instance, " Such a monster of a man," for "Such a disgraceful calamity,' and " Such a monstrous llman." 835. —vrpos Trov irapdvroIs, Fromn zhimz _present, i. e., the servant who had been sumlmoned. 836. —D roe'r-ov's itr[8OS. In such constructions supply uapos. -- The whole of line 837 is in apposition with TOOCOVTOV. 838. — reaoyxetvov. Supply poorxpos; — and with 7rpov/zLa supply rov. 84l1.-7repLcr o-v, Particular = more noticeable than the rest. 842.-avrov is accus. before EVV/E'TELY, and refers to fporTpa. X.o-a.s;vSpas is governed by 7rep[ understood, while oTrot, as referring to Xoarrs, must be supplied 5* 114 NOTES. as nomn. to KaTarEKTELvEtav. For a similar formn, see Eurip. Hec. 976, Elre uot rovy 1okX8Copov et Ci. 844.-Supply Aatov after hKTaVOV. 845.-For one cozuld not be equal (in his sight) to the many (who thou sayest, and lhe would have said lwe' e with the murderer.) 847. —i'o-Lv fpe7o,, as if pE7rEL. It may be here rendered, Belong's. 848. -ravTv TroV7oS-. Supply E7vat as a connective between these words. See last note. 853.-op3ov, Rtight, = in accordance with the oracle. 855.-vtv refers to Laius, KEvY61S 8VSoT-VO to his son (supposed by Jocasta to be dead). 857. —uctvrTEas, governed by o'vEcKa, which is poet. used for -vKca. 1 -re here, and 728E in line 858, refer to the two reports,-lst. That his son slew Laius. 2d. That CEdipus slew him. She could not believe the former, because the son died (she thought) before the father; she could not believe the latter, because the oracle had said his son should. She was thus thrown into doubt. 859. —rov marks a par'ticular person (viz., the servant referred to); Ltva means "' some one" indefinitely. 862. —Wv, in the gen. by attraction to the understood Trovr1. 863. —E', Would that. The conjunction E' is the 3d pers. sing. subj. pres. of Eil~, usually written. This explains its different renderings, as E'(cav) rvrr7, "If he strike," i. e., " Be it he strikes;"-and EL' /ooL eVVEL' pkocpa, " VWTould that prosperity might be to me," i. e., " Be it prosperity might be to me." So in English. ". If," (anciently "gif,") is the imperative of "gifan,i' the Anglo-Saxon verb "to give," so that it is correct to say, "If I may be happy," without understanding, NOTES. 1 15 "I shall be glad," or any other apodosis; the ex pression being merely a wish or prayer,. viz., " Give (grant) I may be happy." 864.-[-oipa. This sentence, which literally is, "Would that the lot might be to me bearing a reverential sanctity," may more freely be rendered, " Would that mine were the lot to bear," etc. This is preferable to rendering /uopa by "good fortune," as some do. 365. —,rpKELvraL, simply "Are."-. v refers to XAyoWv Ep. y(OV TE. 867.-Wyv here refers to vOlet. 868.-vvL is here for''VroV, (laws). We see vtv thus used for avra in the Electra, line 624, and for aVTroV in Pind. Nem. 4, 5. 870. -X ah, Doric for XA'Sq. 873. — rpavvov seems to have a worse meaning than "monarch." It means " tyrant," as we use the term. 874.-Insolence, if it befoolishlyyfilled with zanzy things, which aqre neither ajppropriate nor 6eneficial, havizng nozunted thle topmost preci2pice, rushes to ruin, where it m2cay not use a zuseful foot (i. e., whence it may not extricate itself). 879. —7rawtxo-!a, Thie endeavour, i. e., to find out the murderer of Laius. The Chorus seems to think Jocasta wished to stop inquiry and therefore inveighs against her, though in an indirect way. 883. —mrwpowrTa, neut. plur. of vrreporro, used adverbially. 887. —'XoLro K.T.X., 11/lay mnisfortune seize him. 888. —Xapv is called a preposition. It is really the unaltered accus. of Xaopt, and governed by 7rpos, which is sometimes expressed, as for instance Soph. Antig. line 30, 7rp3 X.pav [fopas, "For the sahe of (i. e., love of) prey." 889. -Ed'. / goes with Kepsavw and Eprpat, but is 116 NOTES. separated fronm Erat by I. It should not, therefore, be joined in translation with c, viz., "unless," but left separate, viz.,'" if-not." 89 L. — E'-_rLat fJaTCoV, Willffoolishly grasp. 892. — VT/at mncan ever yet amnid suc/b scenes would refr'ain in his indignation from repelliag these attacks of the soul? I render this sentence very differently from other commentators. The order I have observed, appears more natural to ly thinking, than the varied renderings of Triclinius, Brunck, etc. The Chorus, in this way, defends its conduct in blaming Jocasta. It says that no one could help venting indignation. The Chorus calls this high-handed impiety fXi-q ivXas, " soul-darts;" or, as I have above rendered it, " attacks of the soul;" for they were purely onsets of the soul agCaizst thizgs divize. 896. — XopevEv, JDance as a chorzus. 897.-cw t, used like a future. 898.-'y&s 1,0akov, that is, Delphi, which was considered the earth's centre. 899.-'Aawo-t. Abre was a place in Phocis where Apollo had a temple, older than that at Delphi. 901.-XELtp8ELKTa, the events designated by the oracle. 902.-&p/o'r-e, Shzalljfit the prophecy, i. e., result in accordance with it. 905.-O1vovTa, YDecayed in public estimation. 908. —lCat'povrat, They set aside. 911. —oa LotL -rapeorradSm, as if "o* eol. 913.-EwrSvlzta'ara, salme as 3vpalaLara. 914. - oV &6'pet hvov, Lifts his?ind onz higdh, i. c., is mentally bewildered. 915,-7ravrot-avw refers to the death of Laius, the unfortunate marriage, the anticipated banishment, etc., all which oppressed his mind. NOTES. 117 916. —o83 ra,'rav being th vocative of RE'~ (companion), with v affixed. 1146G. —oK EIt o'Xepov; supply 7reeL. 1147.-7- (ra, i. e.) Ta, Gra v". 1150.-(Thou doest wrong, because) thou dost not say, etc. 1151. —XXmws rovcw,i He labours otherwise (than he su2pposes), i. e., he labours in vain. 1152.-rpog Xaptv, With good will. —-- KXaLv 8' pEts implies that (Edipus would use force in order to make the servant give his testimony. 1153.-This line is spoken deprecatingly. 1154. — a7rorppeaEl, Bend back, in order to bind them. 1155.-o- n'rr vos, aLVTLr Tro. Supply KoXao/atL. - - — or — voa is the epithet he applies to himself, not to U(dipus. o-'oV for T'rvo.. -- Tt 7rpooxpjnov. Supply J. 1158.-E13 o38E, i. e., i it oX&aro. u- Ae Xyov, If t hou dost not speak. -- TOVV8KOV = iTO' "LKOV, The t'uth. 1159.-M-]uc]h rather (say) IZperish, if I do speak (the truthi). 1160. —ZX, Forces (the matter). 1162. —odKtov. Supply TrKVOV Yv. 1163.-i'yoye. Supply XEyo and so-r EKvoV d'vat, I assure thee the child was not mine. ---- roy, i. e., rrap rvo. 1166. —'XoXas. The past sense is used as the future in English also, as " You're a dead man if you stir." 1 169. —rp5o avrwi K.ik.X, I am now where I have to say the. very worst. NOTES. 127 11 70. —-K ywy' aKOm1ELV. Supply 7rp h avro y' Edt 8CtELVG aKOVrTEov, SC. rO 8Etvov. 1171. —This is an answer to the question of (Edipus in line 1168.- -cKEvov, i. e., Laius. 1172.-KadXXtara should be considered as qualifying E lrOL, and not yvvi;, viz., Thy wife withign could tell best how these things are. 1173.-Understand O\ rTEKvov after &BCTovw. 1174. — uirpbs Ad XpetaS, literally, " As for what of use," i. e., With what design did she do so. 1175. —rEKovaa zTXkLcoV; What! the wretched mzother did so? 1176.-vtv is accus. before, and Tos'3TEKOVTra accus. after KTEVEZV. His "parents" (plural) are spoken of, though only one was actually slain by (Edipus. The mother suffered, however, and hence is included. Others say it is the figure, syllepsis. 1177.-The Scholiast here remarks, " It must be remembered that CEdipus had sent for the old man to ask him concerning the murder of Laius, but when a more important question presented itself, he (CEdipus) the rather investigated that." 1178.-KarotLKTro'a. Supply To T'EKVOV. ---- U —S= E3. 1180. —KaK' Es Eyto-Yra, For the greatest woes. - ovTro here and OVTOg in the next line refer to different persons, the former to "the child," the latter to " the messenger." Perhaps we might call this a fault in Sophocles. 1181. ao 7Ey o-S, - wEt 7E7yaK- = YoSt vrapxwv, a Greek idiomatic expression for IKnow that thouc art. 1182.-This line expresses a wish, not a fact. Hence the optative. 183.-(Edclipus, as about to blind himself, makes this affecting address to the light. 128 NOTES. 1186.-The Chorus, contrasting the height of the glory of (Edipus with his present woe, declares its contempt for all things human. ~,87 -The order is, /s'vaptLS vts ~affraS Ka' r5 pEqSv to-a. Literally, "How I reckon you living men and nothing equal things!" i. e, Hlow completely vanity ye zortals are! t1190. —TrEXov Tas; EVsaLqJovLagl, Mlore hap2piness. [191. —Than so much, as to appear (somethilng). 1194. — aLtov va, Fortune. 1196. —A beautiful figure. Havi?,ng specd thine arrow:o the loftiest flight. 1197.-Possessed the all of happiness. 1198.,-yatWvvuXa. This refers to the Sphynx, who had the head of a girl, the body of a dog, the wings of a bird, the voice of a man, and the claws of a lion. 1200.-7r'pyo;, A tower of safety.- Samcdrov = Jvrl 9Savvamrv. 1201. -c ov. Supply Xpovov. 1202.-Tra /wyL-ra, sc. KaTa, i. e., Wit it the highest hoq~OgTb'S. 1204. —a3XucrEpoS aKovErL. The same sort of construction with the Latin " mirabile dictu."' 1205. —" Who, in toils and wild misfortunes, has equal share with you in life's vicissitude?" 1208.-The order is,. p,, TraL8 KaLt pL 7rap' SaXatLuTOX, 7TEOEL' irUTs O-I yas XLkq v 4pxcOEC. By e.'yas Xtpflv is nleant Jocasta. 1211. —aXOKES, though plural, has the singular signification of ": marriage-bed." 1212. —i roYovS0E, SC. XPoVCV. 1214. —&LKaeL, "judges," i. e., Condezmns. a- yapov ya1ttov, lifaririage,whic/h is rio gnar'iage, to wit, the mwother and the offsp ring. NOTES. 129 1220.-These last three lines are a recognition of (Edipus' services in solving the riddle, etc. 1223.-The "exangelus," or " extraordinary messenger,' enters here to relate the death of Jocasta and the self blinding of (Edipus, events that could better be told than be enacted on the stage. ---— /e'ytTa and mp-to/pevot are to be rendered together. 1225.-E-yyEvE, A.s relatives. 1227. —The Ister is now the Danube, and the Phasis is the Fasz-Rione. Both enter the Black Sea, one on the western side and the other on the eastern. 1228. —o'a is accus. after KEVSEct, and v ao-TEy is the nominative understood. Supply KaTa before o'ca. 1230.-E-KoTva, KOVx aKOVTa. An assertion of the positive accompanied by a denial of the negative, in order to strengthen the expression. This is often found in the Greeks poets. The evils were &KovTa, as both Jocasta and (Edlipus acted voluntarily. l231.-The order is, &r (EKebvat) TRev 7rylovwv, at'v ~av vL2r' avatlpErot,,kaXorwa XvwrovrL. 1232. —There is nothing wanting in the woes we have already experienced,.whereby they may 6e deplorable. Literally, " There is not wanting in what we before knew, (any thing) as to the not being deplorable."Read o3e as oc3~v, and supply KaTa before so j or papvcTov' Evat. 1235. —TaXt'r7o, se. Xkyos. Before ETreZv understand /,' and before /La3etv understand iptas. As the verb of a XUTcrTo supply o-rT. Thus T7eV]Ke 3GOV'IOKaC'-TrTS Kapa iS the predicate. 1237.-wavTj, SC. Tvre3V