OIAIHOTI TYPANNO 2.
~vdyC 8a Cid(9EtLV a, t(PI V,C'ot [E Icn aVvate-o xa6cazos 7modvjv.
THE
(EDIPUS TYRANNUS
OF
SOPHOCLES.
EDITED,
FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS, WITH ENGLISH NOTES
AND AN INTRODUCTION,
BY
JOHN WILLIAMS WHITE, A. M.
REVISED EDITION.
Nulla Sophocleo veniet jactura cothurno.
OvID.
BOSTON:
GINN BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS,
1875.
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1873.
BY GINN BROTHERS,
in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington
UNIVERSITY PRESS: WELCH, BIGELOW, & CO.,
CAMBRIDGE.
TO
MY FATHER,
THE REV. JOHN W. WHITE,
Ctjis Mork
]s'lffectionatrIg I3tncribb.
PREFACE.
THIs edition of the CEdipus Tyrannus has been made for
the class-room. The wants of a student, who in taking up the
present tragedy makes his first acquaintance with the Greek
drama, have been kept steadily in view. The book is for
learners.
It is certainly true that by the time the student reaches the
present play, he should be master of the main principles of
Greek grammar and be able to apply them; but it is also true
that this is often not the fact. To meet this case, and to avoid
the necessity of settling grammatical questions in the class-room
at that point'in his course when the time should be spent otherwise, much help has been given in the way of grammatical references. These references are for those who need them.
The Text is that of Campbell. The places where other readings
than his have been adopted are specified in the list that immediately follows the Notes. I wish here to express my high estimate of Dr. Campbell's edition of Sophocles, and to say that
I have found it a constant help. Much aid has been- received
also from other editors. I have endeavored at all points to
acknowledge my obligations. It is the fact, however, not only
in the case of Sophocles, but in that of every Greek author as
well, who has been frequently edited, that there is much matter
in the way of annotation that has become common property.
The play has been illustrated only from itself, the grammars,
and by means of such examples in classic English as I found
apposite.
vi PREFACE.
Following the Preface will be found a list of such editions of
this tragedy as would prove valuable to the student. It is not
at all exhaustive, and presents in the main only the more recent
school editions of the drama. Some others, however, on various
grounds, have been added. The Introduction is an adaptation
of the first three parts of Schneidewin's celebrated Einleitung.
Mr. Browne's translation, in T. K. Arnold's edition of Sophocles,
has been used, subjected, however, to a revision.
There follows the Notes in the present volume a Rhythmical
Scheme of the Lyrical Parts of the Text. It was at first a part
of my general plan to add to the book an Appendix on Greek
Rhythmic and Metric, which should be a brief statement of the
subject, on the theory of Dr. J. Heinrich Schmidt. This, however, has not been done. What would have been given there
will appear in a separate volume, which has already been announced by the publishers. Just how soon this will be ready
is uncertain. The work will be done with all reasonable expedition.
I desire to acknowledge my obligations to Dr..Goodwin of
Harvard University for valuable suggestions; and also to Dr.
WWilliam G. Williams of the Ohio Wesleyan University, at whose
suggestion this work was undertaken, and whose kindly sympathy and aid have greatly assisted in its prosecution.
Whoever will inform me of errors detected, or suggest how
the book might be improved, will receive my hearty thanks.
JOHN W., WHITE.BALDWIN UNIVERSITY,
November 17, 1873.
PREFACE TO THE REVISED EDITION.
IN this revised edition typographical errors have been corrected, a few of the notes somewhat changed or rewritten, the
rhythmical scheme rearranged, and a commentary added with references to the " Introduction to the Study of the Rhythmic and
Metric of the Classical Languages." An appendix also has been
added on the differentiation of choreic and logaoedic, and of
dactylic and Doric rhythms.
In January of the present year, I associated with myself in
the translation of Dr. Schmidt's " Leitfaden in der Rhythmik
und Metrik der Classischen Sprachen," my good friend Dr.
Carl Riemenschneider, Professor of Ancient Languages in German Wallace College. This translation has been completed, and
when revised by the author, to whom it has already been sent,
will go to the printer. The commentary in the present volume
containing references to this translation has been made very full,
and yet it must not be supposed that this fulness renders a
preceding systematic study of the "Introduction" unnecessary.
The student will not be able to get a satisfactory insight into
the poetical structure and the rhythm of the present drama unless such a study has been made of at least the more important
parts of the "Introduction." I am indebted to the personal
kindness of Dr. Schmidt for the Appendix.
Let me add a grateful acknowledgment of the general favor
with which this book has been received. While conscious that
it must be more or less defective in details, I am at the same
viii PREFACE.
time glad to know that the general plan on which it was written,
one of avowed simplicity, is generally approved. The day for
putting a bare text and a Greek-Latin lexicon into the hands of
a student, and telling him to elicit the beauties of his author,
is happily past. The method of instruction that inducts the
learner thoroughly into the spirit of what he reads, and makes
him for the time a living, feeling actor in its scenes, must be the
better.
My thanks are due to Dr. B. L. Gildersleeve of the University of Virginia for valuable suggestions. Correspondence
is solicited.
JOHN WILLIAMS WHITE.
HARVARD COLLEGE,
Cambridge, Mass., Oct. 6,1874.
A PARTIAL LIST OF THE EDITIONS OF THE
(EDIPUS TYRANNUS.
SOPHOCLES, with English Notes. By the Rev. F. H. M. Blaydes,
M. A. Vol. I. 8vo. pp. lvi & 634. 18s. London: Whittaker. 1859.
(This is a volume in the Bibliotheca Classica, and contains, besides
the (Ed. Tyr., the CEd. Col. and the Ant. The second volume has
never appeared.)
THE CEDIPUS REX OF SOPHOCLES, with Critical, Philological, and
Explanatory Notes. By the Rev. John Brasse, D. D. Post 8vo. pp.
xi & 94. 5s. London: Longman. 1838.
SOPHOCLES, THE PLAYS AND FRAGMENTS. Edited, with English
Notes and Introductions, by Lewis Campbell, M. A., LL. D., Professor of Greek in the University of St. Andrews. Vol. I. 8vo. pp. viii
& 495. 14s. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1871. (This volume contains the (Ed. Tyr., CEd. Col., and Ant., together with a valuable
Introductory Essay on the Language of Sophocles. The second volrnle has not yet appeared.)
THE (EDIPus TYRANNUIS OF SOPHOCLES, with English Notes. By
Howard Crosby, D. D. Ninth Ed. 12mo. pp. 138. New York:
Appleton. 1866.
SoPHocLIs CEDIPUS REX ex Recensione et cum Commentariis G.
Dind'orfii. Third Ed. 12mo. pp. 130. 2s. 6d. Oxford: Parker.
1860. (Usually bound in one thick volume with the CEd. Col.,
Ant., and Ajax, with a preface, pp. xxi. This with the companion
volume at 21s.)
SOPHOCLIS (EDIPUs TYRANNUS ex Recensione Petri Elmsley, A.
M., qui et Annotationes Suas Adjecit. 8vo. pp. xlv & 90. 5s. Oxford: Parker. 1825. (To this are added (pp. 40) - Scholia Antiqua
X PARTIAL LIST OF EDITIONS.
in Sophoclis (Edipum Tyrannum. Ex Codice Laurentiano Plit.
xxxii. 9.)
SOPHOCLIS (EDIPUS REX. Emendavit, Varietatem Lectionis,
Scholia Notasque turn Aliorum tum Suas Adjecit Car. Gtlo. Aug.
Erfurdt. 8vo. pp. xiv & 483. 3 Thal. Leipsic: Gerharci Fleischer.
1809.
FREUND'S SCHULER-BIBLIOTHEK. Praparation zu Sophocles' Werken. IV. Konig Oedipus. Pp. 246. 5 Sgr. Leipsic: Wilhelm Violet.
1869.
SOPHOCLES' K6N'IG OEDIPUS. Griechisch mit metrischer Uebersetzung und priifenden und erklarenden Anmerkungen, von J. H.
Hartung. Large 12mo. pp. 249. 21 Sgr. Leipsic: W. Engelmann.
1851.
THE (EDIPUS REX OF SOPHOCLES, with Notes. By William Basil
Jones, M. A. 16i1o. pp. 60 & 73. 1 s. 6 d. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1867.
(EDIPUS TYRANNUS OF SOPHOCLES, with Notes, Critical and Explanatory. By T. Mitchell, A. M. 8vo. pp. viii & 203. 5s. Oxford: Parker. 1840.
THE (EDIPUS TYRANNUS OF SOPHOCLES, with short English Notes.
18mo. pp. 55 & 34. is. Oxford: Parker. 1853. (Oxford Pocket
Classics.)
SOPHOKLES' K6NIG OIDIPUS. Nach der altesten Handschrift lund
den Zeugnissen der alten Grammatiker berichtigt, iibersetzt,
durch einen exegetisch-kritischen Commentar erklart von Franz
Ritter. Large 8vo. pp. viii & 252. 1 Thal. 20 Sgr. Leipsic:
Teubner. 1870.
SOPHOKLES ERKLAXRT von F. W. Schneidewin. (Edipus Tyrannus.
Fiinfte Auflage besorgt von Aug. Nauck. 8vo. pp. 174. 10 Sgr.
Berlin: Weidmansche Buchhandlnmg. 1866. (There is an English
translation of the first edition of this in Arnold's School Classics,
made by Henry Browne. 4s. London: Rivington. 1852.)
THE (EDIPUS TYRANNUS OF SOPHOCLES, with Notes and a Critique
on the Subject of the Play. By J. W. Stuart, Professor of Greek and
Roman Literature in the College of South Carolina. Pp. vi & 222.
New York: Gould and Newman. 1837.
LES TRAGEDIES DE SOPHOCLE. Texte grec, publie dapres les tra
PARTIAL LIST OF EDITIONS. xi
vaux les plus recents de la phiologie, avec un commentaire critique et
explicatif, une introduction et une notice, par EId. Tournier. Ouvrage
couronne par l'Association pour l'encouragement des etudes grecques.
8vo. pp. xxxii & 781. 12 fr. Paris: Hachette et 0ie 1867. (There
is also a 16mo. edition of this work. Each tragedy of this smaller
edition may be had separately at 1 fr.)
SOPHOCLIS (EDIPUS REX. Edidit et adnotavit iHenricus Van Herwerden. Editio Major. Trajecti ad Rhenum, aplud L. E. Bosch et
Fil. Large 8vo. pp. viii & 216. 1 Thal. 20 Sgr. 1866.
SOPHOKLES K6NIG OIDIPUS. Fur den Schulgebrauch erklirt von
Gustav Wolff. Large 8vo. pp. vi & 159. 10 Sgr. Leipsic: Teubner.
1870.
SOPHOCLIs TRAG(EDIAE. Recensuit et explanavit Ed. Wunderus.
Vol. I., Sect. II., continens CEdipum Regem. Fourth Ed. large 8vo.
pp. 167. 12 Sgr. Leipsic: Teubner. 1859. (There is an English
translation of this. 3s. London. 1851.)
SOPHOCLES CEDIPUs TYRANNUS, with Notes. By Henry Young.
12mo. pp. viii & 84. Is. London: Lockwood. 1871. (Weale's
Classical Series.)
LEXICA.
LEXICON SOPHOCLEUM. Edidit Guilelmnus Dindorfius. Lex. 8vo.
pp. viii & 534. 3 Thal. 20 Sgr. Leipsic: Teubner. 1870. (This
lexicon was seized by the police soon after its publication as an infringement on Ellendt's, and is now, consequently, hard to obtain.)
LEXICON SOPHOCLEUM. Composuit Fridericus Ellendt, A. M.
Editio Altera Emendata. Curavit Hermannus Genthe. Lex. 8vo.
pp. xvi & 812. 8 Thal. Berlin: Borntrager Bros. 1872. (The first
edition of this celebrated work appeared in 1835. An English translation and abridgment was published in 1841. 8vo. pp. 275. Now
quoted at 3s. Oxford: Talboys.)
INTRODUCTION.
ADAPTED FROM SCINEIDEWIN.
LAUS, son of Labdacus, king of Thebes, had been warned by
an oracle of Apollo that he was destined to die by the hand of a
son whom he should beget from his wife Jocasta, daughter of
Menceceus. By what offence he had incurred this doom, Sophocles leaves untold; not so the pretended oracle: —
A4tFe Aag6aKl77, 7ral8wv yPvos 6Xhpov alCreg.
ro0w -0r Xov vbov r' a'rp 7reTpw/fzvopv fr-v
0o0 7ratcbs Xelpe'L XtLWreCp adoS' s 7&yp g'evo'ev
Ze&s Kpovl6Vs HIoXoros rTvyepas apa? Wap?t crtOoas
oi OIXov i4pcraoas vl6v 6' 6' Var6 ooc rcCe wrdrvra.
Accordingly, a son being born to him, Laius binds his ankles
together, and in this condition gives him into the hands of a
slave, with orders to expose him upon the mountain. So Jocasta herself tells the story, 711 sqq., but suppresses some of
the particulars. One of the omissions the old slave himself supplies, to the effect that he received the child, with command to
make away with it, the rather from the mother's own hands,
1173, its feet being bound with a thong through holes cruelly
bored in its ankles, which treatment was intended, without
killing it outright, to insure its perishing, and to prevent its
being taken up by others. Jocasta also keeps back the fact that
it was on the subject of posterity that LaIus consulted Apollo,
who warned him against begetting a son. Cf. 1184, ad+' &v o
XPv,. The slave, however, takes compassion on the babe, and
xiv INTRODUCTION.
gives it, on Mount Cithseron, to a herdsman from Corinth, 1142
sq. But he, instead of rearing it for himself, gives it to his
childless master, King Polybus, and his wife Merope. With
kindly affection the pair bring up the foundling, which, from its
swelled feet, they name oZ18,rovs (1036). He is generally accounted the first of the citizens of Corinth, until an apparently
insignificant occurrence disturbs him in his youthful felicity.
At a banquet, - as he himself, 779 sqq., relates, - one of his
drunken companions assails him with the reproach that he is
only the supposititious son of Polybus. Being stung by the
affront, he with difficulty restrains himself for that day. On
the morrow he presents himself before father and mother, tells
them what has happened, and wishes to learn the truth. They
are incensed against the author of the taunt, but fail to satisfy
his doubts. The reproach still rankles in his breast, and will
not let him rest. At length, without the knowledge of his
parents, he sets off for Delphi, to obtain satisfaction from Apollo;
but the god, instead of answering his question, announces to him
as his destiny, that he shall wed his own mother, beget a race hideous to mankind, and be the slayer of his own father. Cf. 788
sqq., 994 sqq. Having received this oracle, he resolves, hard
as it may be to him, never again to see his parents (999), but to
turn his back forever upon his Corinthian home, in order to
escape from the doom predicted by Apollo; for that he is truly
the son of the affectionate fosterers of his infancy, he thinks he
can no longer doubt. Alone he wanders, unknowing whither,
through Phocis. At this same time (114 sqq.) it chanced that
Laius was on his way from Thebes to Apollo's oracle at Delphi,
we know not upon what errand. At the point where the highroads from Delphi and from Daulia (733 sq.) meet in a narrow
pass (arevcnro'), the wanderer is met by an old man riding in
a chariot, the driver at the time leading the horses. Cf. the
note on 804. Both with violence attempt to force him out of
the way. Being enraged, he deals the driver a blow, and then
INTRODUCTION. XV
essays to pursue his way quietly. The old man, however,
watches his opportunity, and at the moment when CEdipus is in
the act of passing the chariot, with his double goad deals him a
blow right on the middle of his head. Upon this CEdipus instantly strikes him a fatal blow with his walking-staff; he falls
backward from the chariot and dies. In the heat of his rage,
CEdipus slays the other attendants also. So at least he believes:
but one of them escapes, and to save himself from the reproach
of a cowardly flight, on his arrival in Thebes relates that a band
of robbers had fallen upon the party, 122 sq. This falsehood was
indispensable for the poet, in order that CEdipus might not be
allowed to come too soon upon the right track; so likewise was
the representation that only one escaped, whose account of the
matter could not be contradicted by other witnesses.
Proceeding on his way, CEdipus arrives in the neighborhood
of Thebes a short time after the escaped attendant has brought
the intelligence of the violent death of Laius. Here, at that precise time, the Sphinx had her lair, a monster who, seizing on all
that passed that way, propounded her enigma, and if they could
not solve it, hurled them headlong from the rock, thereby decimating the city. Her enigma is couched by an unknown poet
in the following verses: —'EoTt 8l7roUV &TIr 7y Kac Terp&Trov, o AtdCa oqp,
iKa rplTov.* XctkdoeL of Ov7 h6Ovov 6ao'" iTrl 7yatCaC
Eplrer& KLveTraaL Iy' aiO'pa Kal Kar& r6prov.
dXX' 06r6-rav -rXElTro0wv p peL6Fevov wool /3avL,
WOa radXos yvloLov davUp6rarov irAtec airov.
CEdipus also passes by the mountain of the Sphinx, a stranger,
and not as yet apprised by the Thebans concerning her proceedings; yet he intrepidly tries his fortune, and solves the Enigma
of Man, whereupon the monster throws herself from the rock.
This?Vmrts also has been put in verse:KXD00 Kat OK MEdXovoa, KaKorrepe MoOua Oav6vrcw,
q/wvpts 41er7Tpqs abT rAXos d/t7rXCaK1s e
Xvi INTRODUCTION.
dvOpwrov KaTgXEcaq, 6T'7PV'Ka yacarp a pnret,
7rpwTov FELU TETpdrovs pv rtos &K X7,y6vwv.
-yqpoaXVov 7reXcwv rTpCtTOV ro6a iafKTpov cpeletl,
acXva qoprT'wv, y75pai Kac,'r6tcEvos.
He is recognized as the savior of the state, and receives, together with the throne left vacant by the death of Laius, the
widow of the king as his wife, and now as king in Thebes passes
many years in undisturbed prosperity. Jocasta bears him four
children; the city honors him as the greatest and best of men,
who, not without the special favor of the gods, overcame the
Sphinx, 33 sqq. But suddenly, after long years (561), the happiness which the gods awarded him is disturbed by a blight
upon the fruits of the earth, and a pestilence on man and beast,
— the punishment sent by Apollo because of the neglected expi-ation of the old murder. - In his vigilant care for the city, CEdipus has sent the man who stands next to himself and to the
throne, his wife's brother Creon, with whom he has ever lived
in undisturbed friendship (590 sqq.), to Delphi, for the purpose
of invoking, in this trying emergency likewise, the aid of the
Pythian god. At this point begins the action of the tragedy.
PROLOGOS, 1 - 150. The distress having risen to the highest
point, the whole population, not as yet acquainted with the
measures taken by the king, has formed suppliant processions
to the sanctuaries of the gods. Those who are the most in need
of help, gray-headed old priests, young children, and chosen
youths, repair to the palace of their sovereign on the Cadmeia.
OEdipus, as a father, comes forth among his children, to inform
himself of the purpose of this assembly, and to express his
readiness to aid them to the utmost of his power. The priest of
Zeus, whose age and dignity call him to be spokesman, depicts
the general distress as the cause of their thus betaking themselves to him, the approved deliverer, who owes it to himself to
be still the savior of the state. Deeply moved, (Edipus replies
to this confiding and honorable address, that without waiting for
INTRODUCTION. xvii
any exhortation from others, he has of his own accord taken
thought for all that can be done for the deliverance of his people from a calamity which indeed presses upon him above all
others. Creon has been sent to Delphi, and whatever the god
may order for the deliverance of the city, that will he do willingly.
To the joy of all, Creon appears. At the express wish of
CEdipus, he announces, in the presence of the whole assembly,
that Apollo peremptorily demands from the citizens that the
slayer of Launs, who is living in the land, be either banished or
put to death, seeing this polluted person has brought upon
Thebes the present calamity. Hereupon, while the points of
moment for the connection of the fable are brought out by a
series of questions and answers, CEdipus learns that Laius upon
a time having left Thebes upon a Oeopla, — with what object,
and to what oracle, is purposely not specified,- never returned;
it was only known that he had been slain by a band of robbers.
That no search was made at the time for the doer of this deed
was caused by the Sphinx, who obliged them to confine their
thoughts to their own immediate concerns. CEdipus, all unsuspecting, is prompt with his resolve to lose not a moment in executing the divine injunction. Needs must he himself apprehend
that so daring a murderer, who, he fancies, must have been set
on by political opponents in Thebes, may lay hands on him likewise! He then bids the assembled suppliants withdraw, and
appoints one of his attendants to summon the principal citizens
of Thebes, as he will leave nothing unattempted that may lead
to the desired end.
CEdipus and Creon go within the palace. Creon advises him
to send a messenger for Tiresias, which he does, and after a
time, impatient at his not arriving, he despatches a second.
The citizens, whom the king has summoned, appear before the
palace. As the age, sex, and position of the choreute are for
the most part chosen to match the protagonistes, so here the
xviii INTRODUCTION.
Xpas ai'aKeSr form the Chorus, as- in the (Ed. Col. old men, in the
Electra maidens, in the Ajax comrades in war, in the Philoctetes
mariners. The deficiency in mental acumen and insight into
the bearings of the events which appears in our choreutme was
necessary for the poet in the management of the action; they
must needs be men of limited minds and slow perception, that
they may not, any more than their king, be able to see through
the true connection and dependence of the incidents, and may
still enter into and echo their master's tone of feeling. At the
same time, their quietude makes them well adapted for thoughtful appreciation of the stormy passions which rave before them.
As they take their place in the orchestra around the thymele,
they strike up the PARODOS, 151 - 215. Aware of Creon's re.
turn, but as yet unacquainted with the purport of the- oracle
brought by him, with their expectation wrought up to the highest pitch, they invoke, in solemn rhythm, the chiefest of Thebes'
tutelary deities, and depict in vivid colors the tribulations of
their city; and then once more supplicate the succor of the gods,
severally invoking them in long detail. By thus separating the
Chorus from the iKtraL, Sophocles gets a natural occasion for letting (Edipus, by his announcement of the oracle, and of the
measures which he has taken accordingly, exhibit himself in all
his security and consciousness of innocence; while, at the same
time, his address shows how heinous he considers the crime to
be, and how earnestly he takes the injunction of the god.
FIRST EPEISODION, 216 - 462. (Edipus, who, shortly before
the close of the choral song, again appears, takes up the concluding thought, and bids the Chorus depend upon his active
zeal, to which the command of the god has appointed its course
of proceeding. But in his haste to obey the god, he neglects
to acquaint the Chorus, in the first place, with that which they
so ardently desired to know, - the purport of the oracle. This
they learn only by way of corollary, 242, in quite general terms.
For (Edipus, hurried on unawares by a supernatural excitement,
INTRODUCTION. xix
begins with emphatically protesting his own utter ignorance,
until now, of that which he is about to communicate, thereby
explaining how it comes that he, hitherto the wise counsellor
in time of need, is obliged, for this time, to have recourse to
the help of the citizens. Upon these he solemnly enjoins it as
a duty in every way to aid in the discovery of the slayer of
Laius,i upon whom he imprecates the heaviest curse, should he
remain secret, while he commends the innocent population to
the abiding protection of the gods. Upon the spectator, apprised from the outset of the real bearings of the events, the
impassioned address of CEdipus must have had a thrilling effect.
His speech, now quiet and gentle, now vehement and impetuous,
becomes most impassioned at the very point where he imprecates
upon the perpetrator and the abettor the evil that falls back
upon himself.
The Chorus protests its innocence and ignorance, but counsels
to send for Tiresias. For this (Edipus has already taken care.
In his disquietude, he marvels that the seer, though two messengers have been sent, has not yet made his appearance. The
choragus then meditatively remarks that the story once current
in the mouths of the people leads to nothing. CEdipus, not
despising any, even the slightest trace, bids him tell what this
was; but he learns nothing more than what Creon had already
communicated as the report of the escaped attendant, that Laius
was slain by robbers, or, as it is here said with a nearer approximation to the truth, by travellers.
Then comes the blind seer Tiresias, whose mental eye has
long clearly seen through all, and from whom the Chorus, with
confidence, hopes that he will bring the doer of the deed to
light; as in fact does come to pass, though in a manner wholly
unexpected. (Edipus also expects speedy deliverance through
Tiresias; and so it comes about that the very man on whom
the entire population had built all its hope looks for help to
the blind seer, who yet in the times of the Sphinx had held
his peace!
xX INTRODUCTION.
The king welcomes the prophet with most honorable expressions of entire confidence, lays before him the purport of the
oracle, and calls upon him to put forth all the resources of his
art for the deliverance of the city. Tiresias, embarrassed, and
repenting of his coming, adjures him to desist: his knowledge
profits him not! It has been out of forbearance to the welldeserving ruler that he has so long shut up the secret in his
own breast, and even now only upon provocation does he make
the disclosures which follow. The king importunes, the seer
persists in his refusal: let him be wroth if he will, - it will all
come to light without a word from him! By degrees the already
excited king is wrought up into a towering passion. Conscious
that he himself is doing everything to carry out the injunction
of the god, it exasperates him that Tiresias, having the power to
help, refuses his aid. In bitter altercation he gives vent to the
accusation that Tiresias himself was the instigator of the murder.
Upon this, the seer, himself by this time angered, declares that
ZEdipus is the murderer. But the king, his suspicions once
having been roused, listens no longer to the child of night.
Tiresias adds yet further — and in this CEdipus, in a calmer
state of mind, could not have failed to perceive an echo of his
own old oracle - that he is cohabiting with his nearest kindred
in horrible intimacy. But no sooner has the seer appealed to
Apollo, who will presently bring the matter to an issue, than a
new suspicion adds to the infatuation which already possesses
the blinded king. At the very hearing of Apollo, it flashes upon
him that Creon —the bearer of the oracle from Delphi —is at
the bottom of the matter, and that the seer, for love of base
gain, has been acting upon his suggestions. This thought, rendered in some measure plausible by the fact that it was Creon
who had advised the sending for the seer, in the impetuous
CEdipus becomes at once a certainty; and the rather as, on the
very first hearing of the matter, it had occurred to him that the
murderer must have been set on by political motives. Following
INTRODUCTION. xxi
it up, he indignantly accuses Creon (who in company with
CEdipus had left the stage at 146, and is not now present) as a
conspirator with whom Tiresias is leagued to compass his overthrow. Now he scoffs at that which he has just before so highly
extolled, -the prophetic skill of Tiresias, - a man who, for all
his pretensions, had no power to help in the time of the Sphinx!
His confidence shaken in all whom he had revered and loved,
CEdipus, once so discreet, now sets up his 7?v'oL?) against the
rIXVq of the professed seer, with all its infallibility, and menaces
both the conspirators with the punishment they deserve.
Tiresias now, for the second time, reveals in connected detail
(412-428) the calamities which await (Edipus, living, as he
does, in most disastrous unconsciousness of the horrors by which
he is surrounded. In a burst of wrath, he bids the seer be gone.
The latter, in replying to the taunt of his having uttered nothing:but follies, with the answer, "CThy parents thought me wise,"
has launched at the king a new shaft, so that from this time
the painful recollection of the old unexplained mystery of his
extraction mixes itself up with his present solicitude. With
his demand for enlightenment Tiresias declines to comply, but
darkly hints that this day, ere it close, will explain all. Then,
before he withdraws, he for the third time expresses himself
concerning the murderer in terms awfully enigmatical, but still
clearly calculated to remind CEdipus of the old oracle; not now,
however, as before, addressing the king himself, and expressly
mentioning him by name, but speaking as if concerning a third
person. He concludes with the words, "If these sayings be
not made good, then CEdipus shall say that Tiresias knows
nothing of the art which he professes." The king, also, for
whom each fancied access of insight but deepens his blindness,
retires into the palace. The spectator has now before him, in
all its completeness, the prodigious contrast between the outward semblance and the reality. The truth which ZEdipus
desires to have he thrusts from him, and falls at variance,
xxii INTRODUCTION.
moreover, with the seer, until now his well-wisher, and with
his most faithful friend. It sets this contrast in a sharper light
that the Chorus is involved in the same delusions with its
lord. This short-sightedness of the Chorus appears immediately
in bold relief in the FIRST STASIMON, 463 - 512.
SECOND EPEISODION, 513 - 862, with a KOMMos, 649 - 697,
with interposed trimeters. With great art the following scene
is brought on by the dialogue with Tiresias. Creon, informed
of the accusation raised against him by CEdipus, indignantly
appears and endeavors to learn from the Chorus whether that
harsh charge had indeed been made by a sane mind. But
while the Chorus, in its loyal attachment to its lord, considerately shrinks from satisfying the inquiry, the king himself
appears, and so the full explanation is reserved for the dialogue
between the parties concerned. He gives his wife's brother a
rough reception. To have the audacity to come into his presence, -him, his detected murderer and the robber of his throne!
Creon must needs regard him a coward or fool, if he thinks to
delude him, or supposes that his plottings will not be promptly
met! Creon, on the other hand, advises (Edipus first to look
calmly into the facts of the case. And now the king, to make
his grounds sure, commences an examination, point by point.
He asks whether it was not Creon's suggestion that he should
send for the seer. This being answered in the affirmative, he
asks whether Tiresias had ever, in former times, pointed at him
as the guilty person. If he, who now all on the sudden thinks
fit to mark him as the murderer, has before this held his peace,
it is to him a demonstrated fact that he was prompted by Creon,
who coveted the throne. The more conclusive ZEdipus deems
this inference, the more firmly does he here once more fix himself in his error.
Hereupon Creon, having first shown how near he stands to
CEdipus and his queen, goes into a long train -of argument,
wishing to demonstrate, by a rational discussion of all the
INTRODUCTION. xxiii
circumstances, how utterly absurd it would be in him to entertain the ambitious design upon the throne of which he is
accused. If CEdipus can convict him of having a crafty understanding with Tiresias, he protests himself ready to die a shameful death. Without listening to this oath, or taking heed to
the pacific admonitions of the Chorus, the king insists that
Creon must die as a traitor.
At this point the choragus, 631 sqq., announces the approach
of Jocasta, whom the altercation has called from the palace.
She bids them for shame desist, in the midst of the general
distress, from stirring up private quarrels. Upon this, (Edipus
lays before her his impeachment of Creon, and the latter by
the most solemn oath again asseverates his innocence. It is
only upon the most urgent entreaties of his wife and of the
choreutse, that the king lets Creon go, - not in the least convinced that he has wronged his wife's brother, - but with the
express declaration that he will never cease to hate him. Creon
withdraws, protesting that his sovereign has misjudged him,
whereas the whole city knows that he is still what he always
was; and he ominously predicts that (Edipus will be pained by
the thought of his injustice, when once his passion is allayed.
Upon Creon's departure, at Jocasta's desire, her husband
relates the occasion of the quarrel, the Chorus having vainly
besought him to let the matter rest. Creon, he says, would
fain make him out to be the murderer; so little is he able to
free himself from his preconceived opinion that Tiresias was
suborned by him to accuse him of the deed! With shrewd!
womanly art, Jocasta now sets herself to convince her husband,
already more than enough entangled in a web of self-deception,
that the vaunted science of the seers is not worth heeding.
There was an old oracle given to LaYus which was so far from
receiving its fulfilment, that foreign robbers, as the story goes,this then she trusts implicitly, without much questioning its
grounds or want of grounds, - slew him on the common high
xxiv INTRODUCTION.
way: as for her child, it was exposed immediately after its
birth. Thus was the response of the ministers of the Delphian
temple put to shame!
But here the punishment follows close on the heels of the
blasphemy. This very story, which was meant to set her husband's mind quite at rest as regarded one oracle, by the instance
of another oracle which was falsified by the event, produces
just the opposite result. The words of the seer, so plain and
pointed, remained an enigma for CEdipus: now one casual harmless word arrests his attention and staggers him in the confidence
he has thus far felt. Now begins the wonderfully contrived?rEpLT-rerLa; a faint presentiment of the truth arises in the hero's
mind, but the poet has the skill yet for a long time to retard
the full discovery. Not only now but again and again hereafter
this same tragical effect attends the process of the discovery,
that the gradual uplifting of the veil is effected by the very
persons who are endeavoring to relieve the hero's mind of its
growing anxieties.
When, namely, Jocasta mentions that Laius was slain irpos
TpLtrXaL dlaLToiS, - a spot where there would naturally be frequent encounters of people coming from different directions, -
CEdipus eagerly catches at this description of the locality, and
inquires whither the pass led, how long ago this occurrence
befell, how old Laius was, and of what appearance. When
all tallies with his own old adventure, an indescribable anxiety
takes possession of his mind, lest after all Tiresias be found to
see but too truly. For even the number of the attendants
accords; and now he desires Jocasta to send with all speed
for the slave who had then returned, that he may gain the
satisfaction he needs from him. The slave had recognized in
the highly praised deliverer of the city, and husband of the
queen, the slayer of his lord. As the sight of him must ever
remind him of his falsehood about the band of robbers, he had
withdrawn from Thebes, Of the fact that the new king was
INTRODUCTION. xxv
the son of LaYus, he had no knowledge. It was a necessary contrivance of the poet's that the slave, whom CEdipus had omitted
to summon in the first instance (118), should not be present,
yet not too remote; and the mention by Jocasta, just at this
point, where the elucidation of the mystery lies so close at hand,
of the reason why he wished to be dismissed into the country,
is ominously significant.
Jocasta, having as yet no foreboding of the ground of her husband's anxiety, wishes to learn what it is; whereupon (Edipus,
who in Thebes was universally held to be the son of Polybus,
fiankly relates his juvenile history, and the adventure in the
XWrqlT0 d6s. If the old man whom he slew was Laius, he must
bewail himself as of all mortal men the most hated of the gods,
since upon him must then light all the heavy curses which he
has openly denounced upon the murderer. In his contemplation of this contingency, he is still so blind that he bewails
the hard fate which makes it impossible for him, if the case be
so, ever to return to his old home and his beloved parents at
Corinth, if he would not incur the yet worse misery of fulfilling
the old oracle by slaying Polybus and wedding Merope. At
every step which the hero takes toward the truth, the poet has
the art to excite afresh, and with more intensity, the'AXEov and
d43os of the spectator. The way in which, step by step, the
truth comes out, is managed with inimitable art. As yet the
hero's misgiving is limited to the milder half of his disastrous
condition, the apprehension that he may have been the slayer of
the royal husband of his wife; his parents he innocently assumes to be living in Corinth, and dreads the possible fulfilment
of that which lies long years behind him in the past! Even for
that milder object of his apprehension, dreadful as the contemplation of it is to the high-souled king, he has still a ray of hope.
If, namely, the herdsman shall persist in his story that robbers
were the slayers of the old king, he, a solitary individual, cannot
be the culprit. Jocasta goes yet further; even if the herdsman
2
xxvi INTRODUCTION.
should vary in his tale, this need not trouble him. Loxias
plainly declared that her husband should fall by the hand of his
own son; but this son perished long before his father. Consequently she will never believe in prophecy and divination.
Meanwhile she will send forthwith for the herdsman; until then
let CEdipus with her enter their palace.
SECOND STASIMON, 863 - 910. The pious old men, deeply
offended by the daring levity shown by Jocasta in her avowed
disregard of the utterances of the gods, and by the godless way
in which she has spoken of her past life, especially the icy coldness of heart which she betrayed in her account of the exposure
of her infant, pray to Zeus that he will confirm the truth of the
oracle given to Lalus. Armed with the holy primeval laws of
religion and morality, they contend for their inviolable sanctity,
unchecked by any misgiving that the object they would obtain
by their prayer is indeed none other than the speedy overthrow
of the king to whom they still adhere with the same devoted
loyalty as ever.
THIRD EPEISODION, 911 - 1085. Suddenly Jocasta comes
forth, and explains that a fancy has taken her to offer to the
gods. Need teaches prayer. Within doors she cannot breathe
freely; while CEdipus, a prey to boundless dejection, persists in
rejecting all that she can suggest for the quieting of his disturbed
mind, and lends an ear only to the most alarming representations. Jocasta draws near to the altar of the very god whose
utterances she has but now again treated with contempt, and
whose wisdom she will presently, on the first seeming lull of the
storm, once more, with her usual levity, turn into derision. The
impression made by the language of the profane queen —irreligious even in her devotions - tells with the greater effect by
contrast with the loftiness and purity of the sentiments to which
the magnificent ode, whose last accents have but just died away,
has attuned the minds of the spectators.
Apparently, the god instantly grants the prayer, that the real
INTRODUCTION. xxvii
ity, when it comes, may be all the more crushing. A messenger
appears from Corinth, who, in the belief that he is the bringer
of joyful tidings, shows a cheerful bearing. Polybus is dead;
and he, in hope of rich reward, has immediately set off on his
journey hither to be the first bearer of the tidings to CEdipus,
whom, as he says he has heard, the Corinthians intend to make
their king. On hearing this, Jocasta triumphantly calls out her
husband. There now are the oracles again falsified! And now
even the pious king, with this new fact before him, cannot forbear to chime in with her ex-ultation, and emboldens himself to
speak disparagingly of oracle and flight of birds. True, upon
recollecting the studied ambiguity and equivocal character of the
language of oracles, it occurs to him — always ready-minded,
and always at fault in the direction of his reflections - that
Polybus' death may have been caused by grief for the loss of
him, in which case the god will yet be true, and he, in a sense,
the slayer of his father. So difficult does he find it to accord
with Jocasta's tone of feeling, and so much does his pious mind
revolt from her profane levity, that rather than doubt the truth
of the divine words, he chooses to take refuge in casuistical refinements. And then forthwith the other part of the old oracle
falls heavily on his soul, - that he should become the husband
of his mother. Jocasta, indeed, is prompt with *her woman's
counsel; one must drive such crotchets out of one's head; that
is the only way to live comfortably, 977 sqq. But the messenger from Corinth, to whom OEdipus makes known the cause of
his fear, hastes, with the best intentions, to relieve him of his
distress. Polybus was of no kin to (Edipus; from his own
hands the pair received the boy. LaYus' herdsman, who handed
the child over to him upon a time when they were together in
Cithaeron, would be able to throw further light upon the subject. The Chorus recognizes in this herdsman the very man
who has been summoned to explain the circumstances of the old
king's death. For he it was that had accompanied Laius and
xxviii INTRODUCTION.
escaped with the tidings of his death to Thebes. Jocasta, the
scales now at once falling from her eyes, adjures (Edipus to desist
from further investigation; but this he peremptorily declines.
Upon this Jocasta hurries off from the scene, with words which
portend some frightful resolve on her part. CEdipus, again misapprehending the true bearings of the case, imagines that Jocasta's vanity is wounded; that she fears he may be found to be of
ignoble extraction. For his part, he will not rest until he gets
at the whole truth of his parentage; come what will, he regards
himself as a son of Tyche,:who Ias made him small and great.
Nothing daunts the strong hero; before all things he will learn
the full truth.
A HYPORCHEMA, 1086 -1109, of cheerful character serves,
just before the catastrophe, to shed a last gleam of light upon
the gathering gloom, while the Chorus, wholly entering into the
tone of the protagonist, pictures to itself that CEdipus may perchance be the child of a god by some mountain-nymph of Cithteron.
FOURTH EPEISODION, 1110 —11 85. The herdsman for whose
coming CEdipus has longed appears, and is recognized by the
Corinthian as the person from whose hands he received the
child. Of the attack made upon Laus by a number of robbers,
which was the point on which the king desired satisfaction when
he was urgent to have this man summoned, we hear no more,
now that matters have taken a new turn, in consequence of
W-hich all is cleared up at once so soon as the hero's origin is
brought to light. The other recalls to the recollection of the
Theban herdsman the days they spent together on the mountains, and thinks to give him a joyful surprise with the discovery that the boy wholm the other handed over to him is none
other than the king before whom they stand. The horrified
Theban is forced by violent menaces to confess that Jocasta herself consigned the child to his hands for destruction, moved to
this by fear of an oracle which foretold that the child would one
INTRODUCTION. xxix
day slay his father. That he would also wed his mother was no
part of the oracle given to Laius; this was only prophesied to
(Edipus. Now first the whole hideous reality, in all its parts, is
laid bare before the.eyes of the -king... Having, with a bitter
cry, bid farewell to the light of day, and summed up with pregnant brevity the chain of horrors through which Tiresias so well
saw, he rushes into the house.
THIRD STASIMON, 1186 —1222. The Chorus having contemplated the sudden vicissitudes of all earthly things, then follows,
The ExoDos, 1223 to the end. Inserted in this is a second
KOMMos, 1313-1368, intermixed with trimeters by the Chorus.
An exangelus gives a relation of the portentous horrors
which have befallen in the palace. Jocasta has strangled herself in the thalamus; (Edipus, like a maniac, with loud yell, has
burst in, and with Jocasta's golden clasps bored out both his
eyes, to escape the sight of-his misery and misdeeds. So, says
the messenger, has measureless wretchedness entered in, where
once dwelt high prosperity.
Then, to show to the Thebans in his horribly mutilated condition - for which the description given by the messenger has
prepared them —the unhappy sufferer, whose noble spirit, as it
never knew concealment, so now will have no disguises, the palace-doors fly open, and CEdipus totters forth. He now bewails
alternately with the Chorus, without reproaching any other than
himself, his self-inflicted blindness, and his disastrous destiny.
Anon, collecting himself, he speaks (from 1369) of the fearful
punishment he has inflicted upon himself; he weighs the circumstances which made it impossible for him any longer to behold the light. He concludes with the prayer that the Chorus
will thrust him out of the land, or make away with him. So
little is he content with the punishment which, in his frenzy, he
has inflicted upon himself, until the oracle of the Pythian god
concerning the slayer of Lalus be also satisfied to the uttermost.
The Chorus refers him to Creon, whom it sees approaching.
xxx INTRODUCTION.
During the minority of the sons, Creon is the natural successor
to the throne, as Sophocles luakes the hero forthwith abdicate
the sovereignty. So, after the lapse of a few hours, Creon,
without doing anything toward it himself, has through CEdipus'
own proceedings attained to the very dignity which he was previously accused of unrighteously affecting! The unhappy king,
who has now seen how greatly he was deceived in the suspicion
he was led to entertain of his old friend, is alarmed at the
announcement of Creon's approach. But, as in the Ajax,
Ulysses, after the death of his enemy, comes forward as the
noble vindicator of his merits, and in the Philoctetes the position of Neoptolemus relative to Philoctetes in the course of the
action undergoes a complete revolution, so the relation of Creon
to (Edipus takes an unexpected turn; for Creon, entirely vindicated by the events, comes forward as a sympathizing friend and
helper in time of need, and makes it plain that he has retained
no recollection of the offence. In the first place he desires them
immediately to withdraw from the light of day the shocking
spectacle of the unhappy sufferer; but when (Edipus addresses
to him also the request that, agreeably with the dictate of
Apollo, he may be banished, he bids him wait patiently for
the decision of the god, which he holds himself bound to seek
once more before taking any further measures. Submitting to
this arrangement, and having commended to Creon's pious care
the obsequies of his wretched sister, on his own behalf he has
nothing more to ask but that he may be thrust out to Cithxeron,
the place once appointed by his parents for his grave; only the
thought of his two poor daughters weighs heavily upon his
fatherly heart; as for the sons, they are already able to help themselves. The latter he does not ask to see, - their character as
godless men is fixed in the myth, - but the maidens, whom he
dearly loves, he would fain embrace once more. Even for this,
Creon, who knows the heartfelt love which their unhappy father
has ever borne them, has taken thought. Cordially thanking
INTRODUCTION. xxxi
him for this kindness, CEdipus pathetically surveys all the painful circumstances which may await the orphaned maidens, who,
in the innocence of their hearts, incapable of comprehending the
horrors of the situation, stand mutely by. With warm affection
he commends them to the faithful guardianship of Creon, who
must supply to them the place of a father. So the poet manages
to give to the horrors of the drama a milder close, and to afford
the spectator a consolatory glance into the future. e
Upon this Creon bids him go in: if such be the will of the
god, he will surely obtain his desire of quitting the land.
In the concluding trochees, the Chorus points out how in
the man who but now was extolled as wisest and greatest of
men, the maxim of Solon is verified, that no mortal must be
accounted happy until one has learned by experience whether his
good fortune will be faithful to him unto the end of his days.
Undoubtedly this is the most evident idea that suggests itself
to us in our contemplation of the Drama of the Fall of
CEdipus: as accordingly it is carried out at greater length in
the last stasimon, and is also brought forward by the exangelus,
1282 sqq. Here also that reflection of Ulysses in the Ajax is
in place, 5p; yap,~/av oL8Ev o'vras GaXXo 7rX.'v'E&OX &rOep ci"Zev,'-Kovir:aKLoa. Buit it would be a great mistake to imagine that
Sophocles intended in this gnome toi put at once into our hands
the idea which his drama was meant to enforce, and in which all
should find its central unity. The world unfolded in this drama
exhibits a portraiture much too individually marked for any
such conception; its relations, bearings, characters, are far too
special to admit of our spanning with this formula the poetical
conception of the drama considered in its essence. The vicissitude exhibited is but the external consequence of inward contradictions; it lights upon CEdipus, who seems to have been
singled out by fate as the ball of its caprice. His entire life
is one continued oscillation between unmitigated opposites;
his endeavor and will stand to the actual result in the most
xxxii INTRODUCTION.
crying contradiction; where he strives after the best, he works
misery; where he thinks to go right cleverly to work, his
sagacity is ever at fault, while, if he does hit the truth, it is
but by accident, unconsciously and unavailingly. The language
of the oracles he misinterprets throughout: the Sphinx's riddle
he solves while yet his own being is, and continues to be, to
him an enigma. Personally conscious of no guilt, he becomes
entangled in the most disastrous destinies: circumstances,
seemingly the most unfavorable, lend him a hand to unlookedfor success. As these contrasts are seen in that part of his life
which is external to the action of our drama, so in the drama
itself they lie before us in all their asperity. The deep tragedy
of the play lies in the very circumstance that a terrible utterance
of the god receives its fulfilment at the very poingwhere CIEdipsi-h'amn6t' had-a remote conception of it4 that where he most
zealously and with keen eye explores the traces of another's
guilt, he accelerates the downfall of his own prosperity, and
puts a sharper edge to his unhappy destiny by blind precipitancy in consequence-'of his seeming wisdomi; that he attains
the object to which he has bent his mind day and night, the
salvation of the state, but that the new deliverance of the city
he has once happily delivered is'his own destruction. The
pestilence which gave occasion to the discovery of the truth
ceases; the sorely visited and yet innocent city breathes freely
again, and the perdition falls upon the very man who at the
opening of the play, alone together' with those belonging to
him, seemed exempt from the general destruction, of which,
nevertheless, he was the cause.
The higher CEdipus seems to stand in outward felicity, in
endowments of understanding and heart, the vaster the separation, as the drama develops it, between truth and semblance.
He was worthy of a better fate: but even before he was begotten
he was chosen to be the unnatural instrument of the divine
vengeance upon his father and his mother: their transgression
INTRODUCTION. xxxiii
should thereby undergo the severest retribution. He takes the
life of him who gave him life; she, the mother who would put
her child out of the way, conceives children by this her child.
It is she who undergoes the most hideous fate, because it was
she who seduced Lalus to slight the prohibition of Apollo, and
because she thereafter stifled the natural voice of a mother's
love.
If now we trace more closely the contrasts, in the hero's life
and destinies, as Sophocles has carried them out in minutest
detail, we are met by the wide chasm between the outward
welfare of the son of Tyche (1080 sqq.) and the misery once
for all doomed to him by the gods from his very birth. Scarce
three days old is he, when by the hands of the parents - who
nevertheless longed for heirs- he is ruthlessly maimed, and
consigned to destruction. Given over to a foreign shepherd to
be brought up as his child, he is presented as a gift to a childless pair in afvetls KO'dpvOov, and by their consentient love is
reared - he, the foreign-born, the maimed foundling, the child
of unknown parents-as own offspring of royal parents, as
heir of an illustrious throne. A mere chance, in a party met
for pleasure, shatters the juvenile happiness of the youth who
in the eyes of every man ranked as first of the Corinthian
citizens. Thirsting for the clearing up of his doubts, he thinks
to betake him to the surest source; but concerning the past,
which he wishes to know, Apollo is silent, and intimates all
that is most horrible concerning the future, for which he was
not questioned. He would fain secure himself against the
fulfilment of the oracle. What it is in the power of man to
do, he does. But while the homeless pilgrim wanders lonely
and without an aim into the country where he may be farthest
removed from his Corinthian parents, he slays his true father
in an encounter wherein he was justified in using violence in
self-defence. For that father purposes at the cross-roads also
to slay him, unknown, whom as a child he had wittingly sought
2* c
Xxxiv INTRODUCTION.
to put out of the way; but this time also his attempt miscarries,
that the will of the gods may be done. Chance leads the young
man to Thebes: he solves the enigma at which all before him
had labored in vain; and this very fortune hurls him into the
deepest abyss of ruin. The community of his native city
rewards him with the vacant throne and the hand of his
mother. Then, long undisturbed domestic and public felicity.
But the gods leave no sin unpunished, be it early or late; and
blood -once shed, above all the blood of a father shed by the
hand of a child, may not remain unavenged, be the culprit
accountable or not. Apollo sends blight and pestilence'upon
the city which harbors the blood-guilty one. Again CEdipus
betakes him- to the same god who has once prophesied to him,
and whom he must needs regard as the author of his prosperity,
seeing that his oracle, by warning him against returning to
Corinth, has been the means of his present exaltation. At
last, when he has wandered through many a maze of error, his
eyes - and this is the matter of our play - are opened. Ere
this, he who solved the Enigma of Humanity is left, concerning
his own human relations, to grope his way, even to the hideous
catastrophe, in utter darkness. It is a point of deep significance
- and this formed from the first a marked trait of the popular
fiction -that he takes revenge upon the bodily eye for the
blindness of his mind; that the darkened mind in the midst of
light may have its counterpart in the seeing mind and darkened
body.
The character of the Sophoclean (Edipus is spotless, as in fact
he stands there in the popular fiction, - the innocent victim of
ruthless destiny. From his youth up he has confidingly surrendered himself to the guidance of the bright god of Delphi,
and with him will he stand or fall (145). Passionate he is,
no doubt, else were he no subject for tragedy. But the poet
is ever anxious-to let it be seen:that- even his excesses spring
from noble impulses. To him, as the prologue and many other
INTRODUCTION. xxxv
passages of the play declare, the public weal is supreme above
all other considerations. Conscious of the purest aims, and
convinced that he is serving the god, he becomes harsh and
suspicious toward those whose proceedings seem not to be
directed to the same end: he loses his steadfastness of selfcommand and self-consistency, thereby aggravating the miserable
lot, which cannot be, nor is meant to be, referred to this as its
cause. Without these darker shades in the portraiture of the
hero, otherwise sagacious in insight and mild in disposition,
yet ever putting himself palpably in the wrong, the dramatic
action would lose in inner truthfulness and consistency. As it
is, the sentiment in the Antigone,, 622 - 624,. becomes applicable
to him, ro KaKOV cOKEIV 7TOT E6cYaov ra 49:EVr (/0 )p vas de ayeL'po''crav. So likewise, and "only so, the way in which the
poet has contrived, with wonderful skill, to retard the catastrophe acquires its ground of psychological truth. The passion,
too, is quite natural; it is, as CEdipus says (334), enough to
provoke a stone to see Tiresias so reluctant to serve his god.
And, as if it were not enough that he has in this way thrown
the king off his self-possession, the seer must needs also awaken
the old uncomfortable feelings about his parentage, and moreover
gives him occasion to impute a criminal design to Creon, though
Creon has not the slightest notion of the true state of the case.
And then, when all at once the seer turns round and impeaches
him as the murderer, is it not enough to set him ablaze with
indignationl For he could not possibly see that Tiresias had
all these years kept silence only out of respect for his noble
qualities as a man, and for the wisdom with which as king he
was guiding the state. And Tiresias, likewise, himself loses
his temper, and is forced out of the dignified repose of his
sacred character. In all else (Edipus is throughout a graid,
heroic figure; not, indeed, to be scanned by the rule of later
times, but one of the forms of the gigantesque olden time, and
of that hard, granite-like generation with which old Nestor
xxxvi INTRODUCTION.
conversed in his younger days. In particular, the princely stock
of the Cadmeiones is characterized by a lofty sternness and
stubbornness which in fact makes the traditions of that race
stand in such marked contrast to those of the Achaian houses.
If to others CEdipus is harsh, his greatest harshness is to himself; the utmost severity of punishment that could of right be
visited upon him, he outdoes by the measureless vengeance he
takes upon his innocent eyes. For such is the length to which
the tragic illusion is carried, that in the state into which his
feelings are wrought up, he does not pause to examine the facts
of his case in their proper characters, but holds himself alone
responsible for all that through him has come to pass.
Cedipus, then, the hated of the gods, is a standing example
of that article of the popular creed according to which a man,
in spite of the purest intentions, may fail utterly, only becaugse
he is an object of aversion to the gods; a faith which took its
rise from observation of the enormous disparity which is so
often seen between men's merits and their fate. Let it not be
thought that this conception of the CEdipus is not that which
in a moral point of view would commend itself to the religious
mind of a Sophocles. It should be remembered that for the
basis of this surpassingly wonderful creation of his genius, he
found the story ready-made to his hand. To settle the odds
of guilt and punishment could never be the task he set himself,
unless he would mar the whole sense of the fable. Further, it
should be considered that (Edipus, however pure in his own
person, bore with him an inherited sin; for as, in the faith of
the ancients, the misdeeds of the parents were often left unpunished in them, to be visited on children and children's children,
so likewise the parents' sin imparts itself to the children, and
weighs upon them; nay, even in the common.intercourse of
life, the sin of the impure passes by contagion to the pure, and
draws them together into the same destruction.
All things considered, the fundamental idea of the drama can
INTRODUCTION. xxxvii
be no other than this: For mortal man, be he ever so good, not
all the watchfulness he can use in pondering his steps will s2ufce
to guard him against misgoings; not all the penetration he can
exercise in the discovery of the right will avail for his good, if
once the love of the gods be withheld. Be the outward semblance
ever so dazzling, the longer the respite the deeper the perdition
into which the gods, by inexorable necessity, will at last hurl the
e'X0podalAzlv. In AEdipus we have the impersonation of the utter
impotence of man when put upon his own resources. What
has it availed him that the gods, by fore-anno-uncement of his
destiny, have given him a look in-to the future which lies before
him l Destiny has spread her toils for him, and he falls into
them at the very point where he thinks right cleverly to evade
them, and to secure his safety. That it is the duty of man'humbly to submit himself to a higher guidance, was the general
popular faith; this lowly resignation expresses itself in the fact
of their praying to the gods that they would grant the power
to do that which was right. Of the too harsh destiny which
lights upon (Edipus, a righteous compensation is afforded in his
end: this is the idea presented in the counterpart of our'play,
the CEdipus at Colonus, which at the same time affords the
fullest proof that the conception of the CEdipus as here stated
was, and must have been, that which Sophocles from the first
intended.
The parts assigned to all the other persons of the drama seem
intended, from first to last, to furnish motives to the procedure
of the protagonist, and to draw out his character in a stronger
light. In particular, Jocasta stands there beside her noble
husband, with a mind how differently constituted! It is her
maxim to live for the day. Should anything occur to disturb
the god-forgetting tenor of her course, she seeks only to thrust
it aside as soon as possible. The earnestness of CEdipus in learning the truth, regardless of what may follow, is to her alien.
For truth and right she cares less than for present comfort. To
xxxviii INTRODUCTION.
her first husband, reckless of the divine warning he has received,
she, having by her arts infatuated him, bears a child, and then,
fearing the consequences, without more ado, puts it out of her
sight: whether it was really destroyed, of this she had no certainty. Set at rest for the moment, she asks no further questions: gods and oracles give her no concern, save at the actual
pinch of need; at other times, her daring levity carries her even
to the length of reckless blasphemy. Her marriage with the
young Corinthian prince makes her oblivious of the sacred duty
of bringing to light her husband's murderers. The old slave she
willingly dismisses, because his presence must continually remind
her of her child, and of her former husband. She meets with
nothing beyond her demerits, when in the full view of the
horrors of which her wickedness has been the guilty cause, with
her own hands she strangles herself. It is wisely done that the
poet dismisses her from the scene before the final disclosure, that
the sympathy of the spectators may not be frittered away and
diverted from the more worthy (Edipus.
TEXT.
TA TOT JPAMATOZI HPOI2H1A.
OIAIIIOTT.
IEPETM. IOKATTHI.
KPEQN. ArrEAOZ.
XOPOZe yep6vrwt OrPfalwv. OEPAIIhN Aatov.
TEIPEIIA2. EBArrEAOM.
OIzIFIOTZ TTPANNOX.
DRAMATIS PERSON-E.
UpD, I-PUS, King of Thebes. SERVANT of LA' I-US.
JO-CAS' TA, his wife.
CRE' ON, her brother.
TI-RE' SI-AS, a blind seer. AN-TIG O-NE, I Youthfid daughters
PRIEST of Zeus. IS-ME' NE, )of (EDIPUS.
CHORUS of Theban old men. SUPPLIANTS; BOY, attendant on TIMESSENGERfj'rO2 Corinth. RESIAS; ATTENDANTS on CEDIPUS,
MESSENGERfirOln within the palace. JOCASTA, and CREON, two to each.
SCENE, before the royal palace in Boeotian Thebes. Along itsfiront stand altars
and images of the gods. The priest of Jupiter and certain agqed companions,
afew chosen youths and several children, all with woollen fillets upon olive
branches, slowly enter from the city. They ascend the stage and place their
suppliant boughs on the altars and statues of the gods, and then seat themselves
on the steps of the former, looking expectantly towvard the palace, from which,
through its central door, aUdipus comesforth and addresses them.
OIAIIIOT~.
TEKNA, rKa'1ov Tovy 7rcXa vea'rporl, [Introit.
Ttlvac zroO' epaq Traose,uoo 9oa'cere
KT'7~p oL0,. CX1a OtL V /Lr-LeIvOt
WTXvPt ) 6'fLOuO L V OvluataTErY 7,L.EL,
o/Lou eE 7raLalvov Te Kab erera7[artWr 5
aryw 8tLaKLv p/ v'rap' a7ey/wv, fe/Cva,
aXXov aKcovetv avTroq 8' EXlXvOa,
o 7Ta-t: KXCetV'oV O'bTrovq,caXovitLevoq.
axX', e( yepate, bpal', e7re 7TrpErTov kpv
wrpo rav;e o Voept, 1TMl TpO7T6r KaOcCTaTe, 10
8eacavTeS r) rTrepaavTe9; co eOXOVTO9 av
4 ZODOKAEOYS,etov?rporapdet rv 7ar CVX7y7To (yatp a'
Ec1V TotavWe,Tl ov iCaTOLCTElpCWV E Opav.
IEPET~.
daX,'o tCpaTrvvov OV067rov? Xc fpa U;
opa? e/rv r7/LaS yXtICOL rrpoo-rLeOa 15
(gUo0oatu TOvS O'lo, ot;Cv oiVf>rco /.LaKpav'7rTEcOat o0CVOZVTE7, Ot 8VV 7fc11tpa 3apet,
tept%, 7ro pev Zq1vo, o0 67r VO Ev
XeIcTO' T' 8' aXXo ovpXov''erTEfl/EvOV
a7yopa'ct Oace^b, 7rpo T'e IlaEXXca8o& 87rXOt' 20
vao7t, Tr' IcrpIUvov'e LavTreta'7rro&.
7rOXLt ryap, o'7rep KcavroE eaLoopaq, ayav
183i oraXeve c Kava:ovqicattrapc
~vO&, "' X O" I'
3voOxV'zET ovX ota ve coLvLov craXov,
pOivovo-a tkEv,caXvt:v EKycap7rOt? XOVOIl, 25
Otlvouo'a 8 a7yEX iLV /ovvo3uoJ,, TOKOlt't e
a7ovotc 7yvvatKv~ eV) 8'o 7rupVopo9 OEO
nrgr etaq r Xa~vvet, XouzoqoF 7'rro Lv,
V ov xCeVOVTat Mlua Ka8reaov t o Xac'''Aths crTEva7EyovL Kat 9oos rK7XOVTr'LeTat. 30, c,.^ t.t,,oteo, y\
OCOEOUt JkV PVV OVKC LO-OVkLEVOV 0 7(C0)
OVW ot&e vraot8cE EJ'oL7eO Ef Ea7TtOt,
aVOpuv 8s'rpO'rTOV e, Te cvgcopatq tL[ouV
ICplVOVT'ES eV e E at!Loolv ovWavvaXXayaa'l
o's T e'EXvoaq,'avv Ka84LsEov /)oXo v, 35
catXflpa9, d ao8ov aolv ov 7apelXozev
IcaL raiO' av )/L ol v cE L3(A JXE0O9V
OIAIIOYM TYPANNOS. 5
ove EKc aXOEtB, aXXa 7r'poo'rO cIf Oeov
X67eL VO/,IU/&^ 6' 7'7A'v oOpOW'at 310OV
vUv T C) KpaTO'To70V 7raoaw O8L7rov capct, 40
tKCTeVO/-E6V Ue 7ravTre? oo6e 7rpocrpo7rot
aXKc71v 7tV EUPEV n7/1V, ECtTE 7TOV OEcV
c71[7v2 aKcovO-at e, a7r av8po' otOd', 7rovW) 70T0&ZV J7rTEtpOt0T KaC TaS U/LVjopast'
Cacrq opC p(aCXTra 70ov1 flevcuarowv. 45'0I, 2 fTpouv; ap'pta', avopOwooov 7roTXv
0,l EXa eiaBrOqO'~ () a'e vvv,Av e 8re ryq
a'i)Tpa ICXt T 777r 7TCpo9 7rpoOvB/.ua9'
apX?' 8e 7,' O?7S op q8a;LW9 pLe/ifu/Jee,,d s
TravTCe 7 ES opOOiv KCaLt'reoVuoTE VaTEpOV' 50
aXX acoaXet 7rlv78' avopcoov 7ro'Xtv.,/
opvit yap eat 7T) OT atarC TVqV
rapeo'xeV npv, Kca'rarvv iao'o ryevov., Ec&Trep ap:e9 72r7e T 7c,, oootrep K:pavTEq,
vv av8pa.v wKAcXXtov r KCevr' KcpaTeh,' 55
oK ov8ev Crrtv ovTCe rvp7yo0 oTre vavT
ep17/Jo0 av8pv p?7 c vtKI V1 )7W.
OIAIHOTT.
9,
C Trat8e9 OlK7pOlTp, ryVW7v ICOWv aoyvo7Ta 1.o0
7rpooa-7XOeO' tetppOV7E. euv yap o8' OrTb
vocreTE vravre7, Kata voo'70vreT, (09 Ey7 60
O S e ) O' e O t10
OVIC KecTLY V/AtWlV O0CTV; 6(701V VOME.
\ \...
TO LEcv?ap vtc~v axT os clE e6 EPXETaL
IAvoV Kca0' auTov,,Covev a XXov, D' P77
6 2OOKAEOY2
d vxv vrodXv Te Kca/.E Kcat oov eve.
/,,,.,,,,
Xr oz'w v77 rv ry' evoovra eeryelpeTe, 65
ax''TEre rokXXa /iev /Je &alcpuravra (r7,
8V C' 0v -lCo7rcv ev'ptclov bao'lv LovYn!l (!'I
TavT77v 67rpata wra8Xa fyap MevoLKeo'?
Kpe"ovT', 7E[avtrov ya[4?8pov, e- va HvOuecc 70
7%TELC a lo/t3ou 8o3 aO'', n 7rvOolO' o 76
(Ap)v?7 Tt foi~ov T-7)vc jpvaal]ytv 7roxtv.
Kcalt,.ap qo8) Vt1plTpoVutEvov XpoVW
XV7re6 T' 7rpac'e' ToU Ty(p eWxT To 7repa
avrecrTt 7XrAtco'TOi KaO7.KOPTOo XP?O. 75
/aXreo7l "r~el )ov )Ca~Kv0fo Xp ovo. 5
oTav, (' Lucrl-aL, T17ruKaVr E/Y KcKoq
-Lqi 8p-o aov etl?) 7raVO ocr a'v OrqXo6 eoE09.
IEPET2.
aXX' E? KaXbov a-v T' ras o'oE T apT''
KpEIOVTa 7rpo0aUTeLXovPTa rxIaivoovaL IO&.
OIAIIHOT.
dvaW "A'roXXov, el ryap cv xrvx 7m Tw 80
rCeoIp6 /i3a7) Xalt7rpoq or7rep opLqa67.
IEPET2.
a' eucacraat uev, 8v' ov fyap av Kcapa
7roXvcTCeO7 5c' eJp7re 7raryKcaap 7rov 8avw.
OIAIIIOTZ.
eTax elaurofeCO tVC ETe7pO yap' 0c KXveUv.
ava:, elkov IC 8ev/Ca, vrat MeroKce')o, 85
TLV e77/iAV 7CIESt TOV IE!0 I7/jt OEpwv;
OIAIHOY2 TYPANNO2. 7
KPEf2N.
aeyOXiv Xc'yep yao p Kca& Ta 8 bop, eb 7TvXoL [Introit.
KcaT' opAov eCetXovTa, TpL' X ev' e,' v.
OIAIIHOT.
E(O1V 8\& foZoV TVowroVs; OTe TE ap paov
OVT" o0v WrpoMeo'aa eti]t Tr7?e ViV XO7W. 90
KPEQN.
eb TWV86 XPh'E( iT?1ctaovTv KXUEW,
e7oqtJo eTretw, e7e Kai oTeetXEV c E-o.
OIATIIIO2.
7e lrraV7a9 ava. c'TWPve 7yatp 7rXe0o 0epwo
TO WEVmO Ka) Tq qcEa&79 *VX% Ept.
KPESN.
Xe'yotlt av oi yl ovo-a ov OE ru 7rcpa,. 95
iaazQba %Xcpas) co TE9Opap#5Evol xOoV
ev'9T,8 eXavveLv, pqvs avr-qcevTov Tpe'bev.
OIAIHIOTY.
7T1(o KacapFLfJ; s o Tpoiro'729 Tr v acop&q;
KPEQN.
av;p~TXa'rovv~'a, y po"v 0pvov'7Taxtv 100
Xvop'oras, co Toc aCpa, XEtqtagov 7AM0Xa,
OIAIHOTM..'rotov ryap avojpo; Tf'V; izVVe TvUXqV;
8 2OOKAEOYB
KPEQN.
XqV tjvUN cva4, Aa ik 7roO' r eyEciV
yT T?)03e, 7TptV 0E 7TfV8J a7TEVUVVEtV 7TOXLV.,, vtsw,, o ae,,, a
6e018 aKOrvWZ 0ov ryap eLfELO8J eye 7rCo. 105
KPEQ2N.
TovTrov Gayvo ro9 vvv EflTMTeXXCI caefATOWV awTvroewTaq Xe9 t TCLWpEtP Ttva,.
OIATIIOTTE.
o: o3' e6o6'oi y;'O'c8 E~pEO7Jf-Ea
at o''8 C'
v lraXataa 9 vTe-uapTov atTia,;
xy016' ~o~ Tap e3UeTE o v /a proa. lo5
KPE2iN.
tE 7T8 eofaKE Ey. 70 se qT0V/ev0ov 110
aX(oTOv, aEKawEV7rL 86 Ta:f/EXaova.EaOV.
KPEfQN.
OEwpo9, (0 a0CEI, EKf8lpwV, 7raXtv
aBw'ov, e; eytaalev, fic ae ovpeov
7rpo09 OLKOV OVICOEG /cEO 0)9 af7A7g. n5
OIAIIIlOT.
o~v' ay'yeXo 7L9 Ove o-vIJ7rpaKTp oov
KcaTevB, ov'tl fcCcl.aOJv e'XploaTr av;
OIAIIIHOY TYPANNO2. 9
KPEQN.
Ol/77cKOuy i'yap, o7rXv E'Ts Tt, O' 0pao' cv
(0' e606 7TM)v ev 0ov80E 6EXX 610(; ppacrat.
OIAIIIOTT.
70'rotov; ev 7yap 7roXX ae evpo0L tzaueBc, 120
apXlv 3paXciav et Xa/loLELcv'X r' o'.
KPEQN.
*XOTa'; efaO"Ke UvvTvXovraS' ov 0 a
pc: c-rTaveZ vi,, a aXX a UUv'rX'eOt X6ep",.
OIAIIIOTT.
Irco' OVV O etij71', E Tt U7i tvv apryvp(o
~crpaoroeT evOeve, E o3 7- T7oX/4r e/3,'; 125
KPEON.
SoicoivvTa Tair,v. aialov 8' oXwoXToIo
ovue apco7o' E: KcaKoZb e7ryyveTo.
OIAIHIOTZ.
KcaKov 8e 7roo0v Ce/ro8tov Tvpavvi'ov
oVTo r0Vreo'ovv).e6bp76y TroVT Eeeevat;
KPEQSN.
0 7rouI 80 X 0 t T0 l'rp7 O 0rot pKo07'rEV 130
PCJeOEVTaq pLa~L Tcqbavl 7rpoho'l7ye0T.
OIAIIIOTZ.
aX': vi7rapXrnq avO VT alT (e CO.
eCrato;C ryap ~PoZ/3o;, ao%6';'8\ v
TSOS- TOavo'a o'oP T07V'3 7 OcoO E 7rt0-Tp0ojbV
10 MObOKAEOY2
7y/ T?7"E Tt/LcPOvVTa,7COC) 0 a a.
\,,,.
v7rp e p T Vap oVx T v aOTepaO oV,
avC av'os avTrovO O, Ta rO7KEoc'' VfOOe 0.
OoTtL Tayap EEv eLCEWvov 0 KIc TaO) aX av
icKL acv aTOaVTp XeLP& rlplpEv OeXot. 140
leeyT vrpoa0apiKv obv etavrTov woexw.
(ai7 o ToXa WM 7vra, &3, va6e Le vS LeV /3aOpz'
W'oTac Oe, Tov8' apavre9 tKTrctpa9 KcXaov%
CtXXoq &E Ka'Stov Xaov'8 adOpoLtro,
9 qrav d e/ov opaoo'ooVTO. 177 ap EVTVXeI/ 145
c rv tO 7Etcc pavovLeL 9, 7 7ErM7rTOKOTESO.
[Exeunt (EDIPUS et CREON.
IEPET.Z
c 7rawoev, 1tz0iu-ecra. T'revoe Tap Xaptv.ica> seip",3,rt/ev cwv gS' eayeXXkeraT'.
ot/3os 8'o 7 vrealfa9 7TadSe /Uarr'e'a atICa
O)T7.p 0 LroLTO; ca& voo'ov wravo'rwptoo. 150
[Exeunt supplices.
XOPO2.
crp. ci.' Zltos 8Ve7T'E (qaTi, T 7T19 TOTe Ta' 7rOXVXPvO'ov [Introit.
H7vO&vos a'yXaa' q'3a9
9'3as; JKTceTaaL, 0of/oa3c bpeia C SLe6uaTt7-raXLX cov
7'e-tddxe. rHat-v,
a.ufb o-ot Jco;evo,, T- o- V OV 71 rrEPXtoevats
copats qraXLv 155
ebavvoev Xpew'o'. 6e7re 6oP, Gt XpVaEGa s'.CPOV )EXrt8os, a4OpoTre qa'1*a.
OIAIIIOY~ TYPANNO2. i
CVT. a.
7rpcoa ro6e Keicxozevos, OoacTEp ZLd4O, alt3pot'arOava,
yatao-xov 7T" aC8eAeav 160
"AprepLv, a VKcXOevT' ay/ a Opovow- EvXcxeta- Oao'o'et,
KCatb 4Po/3ov EcKa30oXov,',
7pLO'Ol a ietMopot?rpooavlrE LLOt, St wOTE Kab6 wpOTepaS? Taq v7rep
opvvULLVag 7rdoXel va otOv pxdya jptrO X~e'e
icat vUv. 165.T-p. p'.
7ryara vooec- e!to.n-po7ra9
-TOJos' ov3 Ezv cpovri0s yXo 170
ytoWV KagaTovo aveva 7,ov o-u"aE
aOV e aNV aC 7rpotO,'a'rep-evrTepov-opnv 175, 9 x e!
acrlav w7po.. curvepov -Ocov
eov- -jroM avap o g.~L~v7,a&''"vr. pa.
tWe woTsLS cwapwB/os, ooXhvraL.
v7xc'a 8e ryeveOXa\ -7rpog 7re&F 180
Oavcsraoopa- KCetTaL avoafortK7
ev' aXoxot wroXat r''7 raTepec
aKav w'rapa, foopov.- aXXoOev -'XXat 18
XVepWav WOVyOV KTpEpe eVF c-revaXoVvct.?ratazJ Xdta oe6 -ovoE oa'oe(, fpvq o'pavxoq
OV V7repj O, XpvOe'a Ova7rep log,.
Evucora, a reuf0ou.- a~.caop
12 2ODOKAEOY~
0-1rp. y',
"Apead T Tov 1CtXepov, os IvvP %aaCLXxICO- a'Trlcowv 190
fXe 7Et 4e 7rEpt/o3aTao9- aVTt(slov,
7raXtccv ov 8patpza vCorioat vraTr7paq
avrovpov, eLT es p e'ya OXaauov Ap, trptTas, 195
e6 6& Top avro'cvo opotpov., 0pIVao v Y XcvSava'',, c. o V,'C', 9
eXet yap tb YV a y, toUT c7r ypap ePXeraCL' 9 ^ I
o, c) Tay 7TvprU opawv oTrfpa7rav IcpayTq vfuPov, 200
- ZGev'rraTep, vTro- cO iov iepavm.
&v1.. y'.
To-p~ Xpvaolkt~pV Tc KtcKXfl7oKO UT 81 E7TCOvv/LOP pya9, 210
&tv&jwra Ba'Xov- EoIOv, Mcva'&)v cwO/O`TOXOV
reXaKOjvat vaXE ovr -'r yXara Xpuotpow aXov
cX*ov s&XCoOa& T' v' W 0 vr77pE7-P,
aXKpl' Xa/3ovs'v IcP avaKcovcLet atv KalcVD
afry ea V V TOi Xnou roVO' ep,
-: o09 e6 701o r-PaXyEleroq. 01 yap Cv Izaicpav 220
f/,,.,
ovva aorp 7r, ovIIO cra tlov TOP' arovv
tXp\v'8'rpoc fx'v 0'' Ka"pco9
au/ooS'to per& e't o v yoP Atao'3'd o2
OIAIIIOY2 TYPANNOM. 13
aoCaT0L8e avpov'cI TwVOV 8tWXeTo, 225
/, * * *
TOUVTOV tKeXeVO 7ravra'/caalatvetv e/io0t
Icet IeV tOrbo aa, TOVWCX9JLLb VTMErECXjv
avroS ica' auaVTOv. 7rele7Tat, 7yap aXXo,v
e' av r' c aXXov od3ev a dXXc x0Lob 230
Tov avToxetpa, /?r) Ltcora7ToW TO ryap
d' ~019 TA'' Cy'
rc~po~ 7eXco )'y;~.X Xc apLt 7rpoGc-Kae6Tat.
et,8 (7wr0~r]0-cG, Ka Ttq O tXOV
Seoaq a 7ro'e-t, Tov7roq XavTov,78
a tc 7T)ve 8paroT,'faVTa XPq Kc'v'etb eFou. 235
Tov aop' a7ravo, ToV0Tov,o 0fTt TL, ry
T7acr3', Eryo /cPaTfl rE Iat OpoPOv9 v't/o,
/,qT' cTaex ab,/t 7e qTrpoo0o0vev Tlvaa,
77' 7 ev Oe&pv evxatwl /77Te Ov'laoclt
COUJOV'7rocefdOat, /Jrip-e Xdpv./3v e/leLv. 240
Cetev 3 a7r o,)cov 7ra'v7a9, C9? /LtarCLaTo9
~TOV3't61 OVTOS Gt) 7o IIvHOLV OcOl
FavTetov rE+E`17VEV apTt.l. ECllt.
e7C0 /Le OVV Gy 060(JPc& TYT( Te 8a/p0ovt
T7) T avpit T'j OadavovT Crvja%o aX TETXr(c 245
KcaTevxouat 8\ T'o 8e3paKOT el'T T";
et9 mv Xexq7O ev ETe qrXE0tovoV /xeTa,
Kaicov tKaKwed vtv acopov eKTptaat, pov.
e7rvxouac 8', o cKOO'ClV Et:VPEOrTt o
ev T0 v e/oL0L9 fyeVtT' e/0o V vveL0OTO, 250
-raevs aW7Trep To0Wo' afpTlFr 7ipacrap4fv.
vpA \E Tav Taa 7ravT E7rtGc7v7rT7G) Te'XezV,
14 -2O~OKAEOY2
E,,, T T'
v7rep r EpaVTOv, ToV OeoV Te, Tv7doe Te
ryTq co atcapvros,caOcEw cAapr 4v77.
ovu eb 7ap 70 vo 7rpct7ya rn OfelXaTov, 255
aKalapTov vtlCta ELKOCO 77 ovT7oS eaE,
avupoS 7y aplo-TOV 3actXE'o) T oXwX@ToT,
5 I 3 P 11 N Aa X1 i 3,
a;XX' epevvav P vv( 6 7reb Kvp&o 7' E.y.
EXV 4e1Vl apaqS as eKcetvoS eLXe 7rpsv,
exOP 8e BXeIcTpa Kab yvvatX opoCTOpOv, 260
Kcot&V Te Tralto v'oiV a", 6 /t'UO
k'~'8vcrTv'Xqocvr,'V av, E C7EELvCO'a
e,7, \ e
vvv elS To0 Kebvov Kcpa' evr'- XaO 7 TvX
aO cov eryo 0Ta8', o r'epeb TOV/tov TraTpo%
vrwepuaXovtab Kacm7r v7ravT abcpotat,. 265'7'ToV 0' T7O avToXEtpa TOo Odvov Xap,8ev
TAa 38aLE'rra8a Ho oXv8&pov TE Kaa'o0'rpoerOe KaSc83ov 7o 7rcaXab v''Ayivopo'
Kab! 7Ta Ta TOt9 /17 —p"OYLV VUXO/L at, OU eo
L7T ap.oov. aVTO' ry7/ apvEvaL TIva 270
v77" o,yvvatlcGoI 7rata9, (XXa Tco 7ror'co
S VyV' cEOepE' OaL KaTL TOV70 EXbOPL'
V/oe u6( TvOS; aXXoto't Ka(8teliov, oolto,
Ta$'' ov', q' TE u"a"'Ao
T 0a T apEo,ao
XO 7TavTeS E6V tlvebev efaea 06eo. 275
XOPOT.
coo7rrep, apa6o v epWXae, c) avato epco.
OVT eKTavoOV yap ovTe ToV ICxavovr eXo
Metlb. jTO &e 77T7/Ia TOV rEWpaVToV 9V!oliov T0o3 ELreWVV OYT7' e6pya'-Tat rroTre.
OIAIIIOY2 TYPANNO2. 15
OIAIIIOTI.
8Kat eXcEa aXX' ava7Kycalac OEovu 280
8' /T I T Eo', ors" 8ca * *
e66 Ica& Tptr e6oTt6 vj rapw tp s To ov cppacra.
aVctfC avarCTt Tav O pavrT C7fTap'a
LAXWcrTa Pol/3p Tetpeavtav, 7rap ov Ts 28av
oTKo7rav Td83, dowad, eK/LccOz a0e'aaTa.
OIAIHOTZ.
axX OVK El ap7yo0 oVP TOaT erTpa7a/f77v.
e7rqek~a ryap KpE'oVToS EI7rozVTOs'&7rXOvs
no/V7O7roV 7rcXab 8e [7) 7rapa'v Oavpc'ETat.
OIAIfOTI.
Ta r TaTa; 7rap'a Yap oKO7rW Xo'7ov.
XOPO2.
Oavecv EX6x'q' TrpO Z TJal.M OAOoTOp' W.
OIAIIIOTY.
qIcovaa cfy&* TOP 3' 38oVT ovio5 ropao.
16 MOSIOKLAEOY~
XOPOx.
aXX' 3EL rtL LEV 8' 8elucLaTojv eXEL /elpo9,
T'rag o a a:ovaw ov,teVe re Toacaao' apas. 295
OIAIIIOT2.
/ P CT.t WPlolT T(Lap/30, OV8 6E7T0o 04EL.
XOPOZ.
aX' ovt5eXe'yXoov avrov e-rrLv' otOe eyap
T7o OeYov Y' aaCVTLV Y7L O' aTovo'w, C.7d'X)OE E/'eTEdvKEv av Optotv /Aov,'.
OIAIHOTZ.'o ravr a yCdO/Uv Tetpe'ya, 8SaeCrda Te 300
appTra 7', povpalvta re Kat X0ovoo''l,, [Introit TIRESIAS.
7rOXlV /l'kU, EL Kca fq /3XWEL,7 ct fbpoveL9 83 o,/Lw!i / / \ /
oLa voco a'VVEoCT7' U o' JE 7vrpooTaTflv
CoCrOTpa Ir, dWat, Aovvov E'vEUpt'c'KOfV..opo30 ta(p, El Kaa?7 ICKXEL6,'-o) a7yeXtov, 305
7e/dAfao-LV 7luutv advTrCE7E,#v, EKXVO-tV
p,ovv av etXOev TOv,8E ToO voo-ai o0,
cE TiOV? cTavov-aq Aca'ov L0aOOVTreV eV'''''I
IcTeLvaL/evL, i7 7?7y9 pvy/aoac EKc7rcEqataEca.
cr 09V 0j0Oov7o-aq ) a7 oowVCoV faTLV 310
EL LV) aXXq?7I EaPVK'7 EL "'E? (v;
pvCrat oeavwTov icat 7ToXLv, pv-aL 6' ~6
pvc-air \ ay 7rv taca 7o v T.eOvrfcoTo0.
ev o-ot (yap Ec/aev' avbpa 8' oEEpeXe~v La v
eXOL Te icat 8vvaaro caXLctT0-o 7rOVCyo. 315
OIAI1OYS TYPANN-O. 17
TEIPE2IA2,.
JEv bEcV, bpovEtv (o 8ELVOV ev cta V7 7Te'X;Xvfl /povovvrt. TaVTa yap KcaXCE' cey
etcov ) oXe a o"v tap av VePp LCOiqV.
OIAIOTM.
eo 60'T; (O aOv[ovL eo'6erXvOaa.
TEIPEEIAZ.
a fc pEl 0I/OVC0V p(oaTa ryap TO cO-O TC OV 320
Kdycl) E0lva0 T?0V/JTO fl ft0 rt/A.
OTAIIIOTM.
t PO 6Lf,, 9 O,,
OUT EVI/JO CL 01r)F O6Ve 7rpo0BX?7 UrCX'JtOe
~'o, ~ d ~ ~ e ~pe, 7nvi) arocYEpawv bart.
TEIPEMIA2.
(pr yap ovt uov T0 &w f 8 lvOn toy
7tpo0 icatpov w" oJv p1V8' e To tavrov'rCO) - 325
OIAIIIOT12.')avTev'6e WrpotrKvvo0OVV 0o6 ~ETt7ptot.
TEIPEZIA.,ravrce yap ov pObVt,. Eyo' oV i TOTG
Ta/u 09 aPF rE 7T' Tq Oa ao e, avo ACCC3t3a.
OIAIIIOT.
1J Qb69; r ^vveLt&0 oV c7pct0-eLS, 6XX' EVvO6eL; 330!./aq 7qrpoOUvvatC Ka6 KaTraCfOetpat 7ro'xdw;
2
18 ZOOKAEOYB
TEIPEZIAZ.
C7Y( OVT epaloVTOP ou0e6 ( aX7yvv0o. T7 TaVT
aXX69 xe`Xetxe; ov 7yap av 7r~voo 16ov.U
OIAIHOTM.
OVx:, C) KeatcWV aKctaK e, tca 7yap av 7Trepou
OU-Vw oV y7 oprYCveba9, eepels,'roTe, 335
axX WL3 aTe, ryKT7oq KaTceXevT7To9 cPaves;
TEIPE2IA2.
opyrv cweqO Tufl E/L/7Vg 7'V (' 7 Opou
vraovorav oV KaT7mEdS, aXX' ele Ne7Ev.
OIAIllOT2.
Tt7 rap TopaVT ay ovc ay otp7to oyl e 6rT,cxtov, a rv o'v a) 7vl arTl' s 7rOXtv; 340
TEIPE~TIA2.
m f \ A /:et, yap aVra,,cav r/o 0' /,?'nC
OIAIIHOT.
ovKovv a y?tEb ca& a Xp72 k7'eL,eepot.
TEIPEXIAI.
Owue av ne-pa Opaampt. Wpo09 TaS, Ce OUeX1e4%
tuv/LO2 36 Op7r/y 77Tr l aY7pwt7Ta71.
OIAIHIIOT.
Kcab IFpv'raptfle 7 or8 o, P7 Op7qS eXo 34M
avrep:vvUl7,. " 6 yap'OKIv CEOb
cab tV/I(V7eVo-ab TovpJ7OV, ebpTao'Oat, 0 o
-L67 XeP(t atKVCwV eb 83 eTvyXaves pXerrv,
*a\ "O I N, ) T 1
Kao TOVp7ov av oov ToV0'o0qv elvC povov.
OImAInOY~ TYPANNO2. 19
TEIPEMIA2.
UX1l061 e;CVEr(. Kxpv CTt 350
a, ~1n3V L:)~ ~VV )! ~,
o'rep wpoefras EJLEEcvEw, /cKaob &pa'
T7 PvP r'pooaav&v?TE ~'tovo'e NT"'C)?os Tuvs crY'' avoo'/ E/La'Eop,.
(A9 OV1,76 7 7T97CY 0 avob(7) ptacrT7Op6.
OIAIHOTM.
OVTro9 aval8,? e:Klv9tcaa TO8E
T0 pria; Ica6?TOUVTOrT 0/64eo0Oat 3oKEs; 3i5
TEIPEZIAY.
7euvra Ta XqOe9 rya'p 6ovov rpebow.
OIAIHOTM.'rpOs TO) & 8aXOclq; o' ryap r ye 7,6 TE U.
TEIPEMIAM.
rpo aovo 0av 7ycip; acov7a 7TrpO rpElfO XEyeV.
IrOtov Xoeyov; Xey avotg, cg )aXXov a8Ow.
TEIPEZIAM.
ovXt ~vvys a 7rpo(o-E V 97relpa xO/e; 360
OIAIHOTZ.
OvJ (007 r6 E7TEVr1yva0oOV aXX avi097 bpaoop.
TEIPE2IA2.
coveoa oe k rTac8po9 ov'fIqTC&E 1cvpe'tv.
OIAIIIOTT.
aXX OV' Tb Xacov &s 7e6 7T7/6ovag epaq.
20 O~bOKAEOY2
TEIPEZIAM.
ErO T6t 3ora KcaXx, v' op7tr, 7rxEov;
OIAIROTI.
olOV eye XPVp' e WS;s,iav'v EtpCafETra&. 365
TEIPE2IA2.
XexqeO'vac (E'Prut aovv 70-ro Sbq tXTca'Tot
aooXt' o 6ktovv'r, ov) opav JL El KicaOV.
OIAIIIOYM..
7 Eat 7Ey7'qCJsO TavT aeb XE`etv 8o0cePL;
TEIPEMIAi.
elv7rep 7 1 eLy 6 rs7 aa flOetas o0cvoq.
OIAIIIOT~.
3',,, I,,,, a
X CE 5 771v 0o''rov 6 TOVT OVIc 7T, errTE 370
TvO0o0 Taa T7 ora 70Or TE OUrV Ta T OLCIotar 6e.
TEIPEZIA2.
\ cs,,," s ^,,, \
av a' a Ulo' g 7e ravr OVeto tWV, a a06
ovoebl 0~ OVI TCO8 OxLbeta'&' T'axa.
OIAIIIOT2.
/ )V e ep % 2 9e
/Lua9 Tp~ecEL 7rpo' P1V)1709, CrWOe pUr'T 4ee
a/T aXXov, o0o79 OwS /3aaq'bra T a' 35
TEIPEZIAM.
ov ya ope lotpa rpo' 7 e/foV f re'e, eOr.e
Lcavo'An7roXXcov, Ta3 ec4 vpaaa fz`e.
OIAIIIOTZ.
KpEJoVTOs, ) aov- TavTa TaEvp7rjIaTa;
.snaodO da. v0o aX snao a.ovL'l/tnap
9gt1 Sm0danD (%X no?V7V?Od s&3Xog n([(VflX~,
ooP vszyaxu s5?i3' otdO S1O0L an3o~,cg~ aaLlnd4 \
soneod0 wsm tod/n3, X./ox soidi3' av.ao
-.9?XpD Woiln. o (OX gno N1 sL0dn1 (nrCIszz
l ~' s o c s~ ~ t~ c,,'
Cmu DvD-O('saOLQo SgQ 3 aq'd# ~
I i.19g, sv3yqLnaw vvXv lapmi37g sodgnr
a o So no7lraoL?XAno AIalv h i0 10.LivX
6 t C \ C C A~ C i I! aodttiaxLRY31 4?qoOQ p?D 1L V 5?~ aq,'cRn. al mo8,n 5s~odAvd f 0o'Xno scoz,.
06S! 5ttDvo ig siJtol no( (19L',317o. dod3 C3.LL'~sov?nL Qa9of g aiJ,, aqxdog39 aoaol
asoc.Igd Sio0L 1a3 sj.oo'zaad tdna aorXoq'aoOvddonaxX&rI qgd0?oo naLv'd.si0a
CivjWLsd73qr1 a?.x7g3fX3 na3coogn 71 vd~p
Q8o~ - i0x s/tXdv'qro ( sOL7z o WcIgdf s$Ln(v.L'Ilan oidq3X.o'anoLlt-Lq xno Snotdcg
SroZ'7obO aI' X9ao sttXdn D hgC.L?
8 C \) C C ) C C u C
1 n7 9oDDrnoaSoq o o a dpP r dv Cd SODo'd(n ayQLnyol o Vsnocqd3.dgn
ow ~ 51xn%3- tkn%~, 1t3~H qS ll~ldn~?'II# DS 3 tno JN'O L OIIIVIIO
T' 515NNVdXIZ 3OLIIVIO
22; 2ObOKAEOYM
XOPOZ.
rnLp /J.Ev etLKca IoveL at a V o 677 er
opry~z XeXEXOat KaL a', OIt7rov, OCKE' 405
86t S ov To OvTr0Ev, -X' oorwa 75T 7 rov, Oeo5
/avTet apt-cTa, XVUO~/eV, TOe oC07relbV.
TEIPEZIAZ.
eL eKa TvpavveLs, fcLaoT'eoV T7O 7ovv
-(r aVTLXe-aL& TOV6e yap tKayo KparO.
ov fa' T Ot o'o OUXo9, BXX\ Aota 410
Ct CT OV KpEOpTOv 7rpocTaTOV YEypaCopat.
Xeryo 3', E7rEL&7t acaa TrvOXOV pv COJvclc8tas,, 8ea 8op/pKa9 Icoz / iX e'F' Le Ka.EoP,
OUv evOa VaE, OU 07TWV OblCEf9 /zeTa,
-ap OlcO aCj o w et; -Katl AEXO0a', cxpOP c'v 415
1/ 0 \ /'JOL9 0O~6ff awroU epuep ICa~r& 7r7 avo,
a U a/LcLfrL7?7F,?7lTpOS' TE Kat TO?) (OU T4-d7pOq
EX~ T~OT C 7av'ro v S' L' VO ~V apa,,iXE7rovTa VVv L.ev opO, e7rcTa 8\e COTrov.
/o017 86 7 S? C?7S rotO' OVC EaCTat XLFt71V, 420
7rotol? KLOatLpCOV OVU%6 UV//UPOV Taxa,
~OLTaP K{aTa6UtSp 0W? ot L vE 8aLOv) o oltoL
orav KcaTaELrEv, E V a ova;-W
avopl.4ov ewae~rkeucaa, evUrkot'av TUXooV )
~aXXCov 8\ 7rrXi7o oVe C'7raLoOaveL Icalcawv,.,, 9, /,
a U cE6Wo0 6EL 0-0 a TE Ka L TOLW 0OLS'' TCVOLT.T 425
"rpo rTavTa Icab KpEovra IKab TovFov -'ro7a'
0rpo?7X)6E. Coo'v"aLp ovEc EoTLV pOT$V
I ef e E tL I.
catctov o0-Ttg EcTpl/t3,1oeTar grOTe.
oIAInorY TYPANNOS. 23
OIAIIIOT2.
TavTa 8 ave/eTa 7rpoS TovTOV KXVeZeV;
OUKV, ct OXepov; orvx Oo-r'ov; ov 7raxtv 430
g4oppo09 OQ&CwV TiJ a7"roqTpa6' a7'7b;
TEIPEMIA2.
Ov Ocl wCOV c7ty7 av, t V y p7 KacXeie.
OIAIIIOYT.
ov 7yap &' f pa "'''TE, cr
cr"oxv af av 0 o&ovS TOV3 6t0Vou Co-Teat z.
TEIPEIA.
I&Aopol, yOV O1 al ECcvav, qk povcE.OIAIIIOT2.
wototac; /eioVo. T71 / C b /8po'rcOTv;
TEIPEMIAE.
"5)'' uepa'b v/ct e caI 8taO epet.
OIAIIIOT2.
) WrT'avYT a, aicra, aacy, e.
TEIPEZIAM.
ov1/COv, o v TaVT ap'ptcO e7p' ECVPt7C EV9. 440
OIAIITOT~.
To0aVT OVLeLo, 0( oS i eVp?jyel7 /peyav.
TEIPEZIAM.
avTrf 7e( t1ewoT a I V UXrl )8 oJet'cV.
24 ODOKAEOYS
OIAIIIOTM.
aXX' cE 7r XLV T7?1q CecE7o', ov potL p/EX~E.
TEIPEZIA2.
a7retp TOlYVV irat ov, Tra, icopLtE Le.
OIAIlOT2.
KO"T& 9,,'. -D 7 o8 445
bXXcv6 aO~c's T7 av ovKc av aXyvvatl 7rxTeOV.
TEIPEUIAM.
Get,'rr rrp~ov r~rov ~ o; ~)~P8)'rrov ~ud
et7rcv a7Tel v ovvecV?Xov, Ov TO ov
foeoa' vrpofc'rwov' ov ryap cv' o7rov U oXevq.
XCyM O8 C0oo, TOV avvpa TOVTOPV Oov TrXa
r7TeCS a7reTEcXv Y avaKcpV'ccTo)v 0fovov 450
zTov Aalctov, oVTO CrTtV ~pOae,8
evos? X7y' ETOlO Ta EE:avrjo'ei'atE E/a3oq, ov'8'?7-jor8Tat
T ~vwZop, TVcOFXo9 yap EK & e6opKOTO
Iat 7rTrwXO? aVT7 TrXOVCTOlv vEiV 6'T- 455
_uC?7pPO 7rpooeuclV\? ryatav c7ropevSoerat.
ObaV7jlETat, &e 7ratr To'S a'vTov? ~VvroY
da&e'xo, avTo9 (cat?raTiap, Kca 97 e'v
If I op'' -,,v',? a/,v T
fyvvoatAcoD VWs xca& )To', icat'To,tarpo9
ouocrAro po9 76 icat qov&E. ca&'ravr' " ow 460
66cO XOrytV' KaV XaCL/37 E*4 EVOV,
dbcbcewv ep 97a uaVTtK?/ bLv7&v qpovev. [Exeunt.
XOPO~.
aTp. a.'ANo 9 e!
T7t OVT7Lv a pserOL -7reo t taJXqxS ctr eT-E~pa
apLp7T applTCOV TXECv7aPTa, pootmatat Xcpiz; 465
OIAlIOY~ TYPANNO2. 25
wpa vtl cZXav cov
Lr7rTTOwv OevapOTepov
Ovry?ro3a vcopauv.
evo0rXos ryap e-rW avTov E!evVUp(o7CeC'rvpt Kat oTepovraq o A to, 7reveTa9' 470
etzva'a a' E' erovTatL Kqrpeg ava7rXda'C7ro.
CLVT. &`Xapt*re-rcyap yrov Lp0E'T70 apTU9 Oaveo6Ca
pa4pa IlapvaG'ao Tov a38lXov avSpa 7rav'T 1xvEXUbV. 475
borc rap 5v7;r aYptaV
vXav ava T aprTpa. Kai
wreTpaos' Travpo9,
/AEXE'o7 /h'EXp r XvnP-O CO
~a 7 eo'op4aXa fyac, a"rovoorT'Sbov 480
/.zaVT'ea Ta a''c jvrTa 7repp7rTOCTat,.
a-p. 3'.
e86va\!uev oUv, eEtvt rapawGEa a-ofboc o&voOeTag
OUT6 &KOVVT OV-T a7To0aO'XOVO ~ 7* Xedo 3 a7ropo. 485
* I 31 2 W r X ) eO e o ~' )'.
WETopat 8 elxrtatV OvT c a8 op@V OVT 076bft..r,-rotaL o' eXrTo'LV ol;' ~v'''' ow
r1 ryap y) Aa/%8atc:[8at
TC;o HloX/,3ov eKO3 eKec6T ovLTEe a otOcEV 7troT e7yo7 OVwTe
ravLvv 7or) 490
&aOov,?rpoS oT-ov Xpnpapevog 8rJ /3a8aca
f'rt- Tav ft'ap'oP
barTI 4V.' O'&Waroa Aa/aKcia e7rtovpo' aaXv" Oav.aTO7l. l 495
vrf. \'
aXX' o pe ozvv Zevs o' r"A7r' Xcov tvvoEo oCa6 Ta'- fipoTGv
26 MOMOKAEOYT
8 TE'o avpv 7P 07, /CvTt9'TXEoV N ky7 7 0cpemac, 500.....,,,,
a oVrovr ey7oy acw, orppvov E"7oOS, Mq6Uotev~,wv
av KaTac atv., 505
Oavepa yap e7r av7-co vr7TTepoO' 1XOe c'pa
\,\ o l.
7ZOQTE, Kat a0 oro-o osp0ey
paoavc 0' a8rUTOrXtL Tco a7r caqLasq pevoq o06wo 34X7roeL
Kcaktba p., 510
KPEQN.
avope9 7rOXTTat, eiV E"T`17 7rTTrvo'aEVO [Introit.
KcaT7yopel,puov TOv Tvpavvov OCiltrovv
racpetLt arX7rl7Tv. el yatp ev,acs %viopag 5x15
7atC vvp,olk0,/t'e, 7rTpo 7 eaLOv, 7rerovpeVat
XOdtOfWL eELT Cfp71OL( V e L fik/3,8V OfepoV,.
ovro /3iLov o Tov 1 aKpaitovo 7'0ooG'O,
oe'pOVT7 T'8e /arv. ov 0 ap EL adrXo3v
q/ta od &t TOO XO7OV TOVTOPV fEpEt, 520
axx' E9 uLEryCTOV, Et KaKcog Erv elv 7rTOXl,!~e \ t oo..ca b /
Kcatog 8e 7rrpos rou'!ca;l 0oX celtCXao'oal.
XOPO97.
acX W0e 1v 87' TOVTO TOVVEC809 Tar'X av.
opr/p I3tacWez p XoJ ij ryvflb cppEvKPEoN.
KPEf2N.
Tov wrpoq 8' eoac1bO7V ras epa 7vyctpatg on 525
6Q0E a0 T9 9L r 7 vov' Xoryovs? Nrevoev XE7o0;
XOPO2.
fv8tTo /ILEV Ta3o, o"ta ov 0yo TI7 t.
97v a 18a OU, rlVWP',q TIM..
OIAIIIOY TYPANNO. 27
KPEON.
c HU1aMowv 83 opOl&0? re fc(X o'pO8n' 4pevoicaTn70opEt ToV70vTiCXfl a 70TVTo pov;
XOPOM.
OVK ola a' & actp po/ ot IcpaToV^7eU ovX opio. 530
avTo' 3&' p''y & Vo co 7repa.
OIAIHOTI.
OVT0o cTV, 7rT( bp?\X0E9; T 7oov eXeol [Introit.
TOX/A/(? 17TO C.T6 TaP? E/aL Y7T7LV(
KoVps brrpoVwrrov wo~7e Ta ela e/as k(ya;
6fC0ov, fOQE1C CV TOV'8 6 TavsPos'118 av
Xy'77nS 7) Evap7y279 7T')s Er/L7 7rvpavvt3o0; 535
0Ep epre 7lrpo E Oew0, aietlavi 7) pwpiav
Tl1) e/l)X )LO TauT E/3ovXevaco 7rotcwv;
— 7 TOVpf70v Ol Sw OV erVpTlcOLlu COV 7oe6
X ed 7rpOfceprrolv) KOVIC aXEt/ 7v,ljaOyv;,IX(O 7\pOO' 7,. V,,,,
ap OV%6,pp pOV e'Tl ToV7YXetPfl/za cov, 540
avev TV 7'rXBOov ieca2 4/Xowv Tvpavv[ta
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30 lOIbOKAEOY2
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OIAIrIOY2 TYPANNO2. 31
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OIAIIIOYS TYPANNOM. 33
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34 2ObOKAEOY2
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r) lry a'ttov Tri-8' a'7woBoOqvat 834. 670
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36 SOIOKAEOY2
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OIAIMIOY2 TYPANNO2. 37
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38 ZOOOKAEOY2
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OIAIUOY~ TYPANNO2. 39
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40 2O)OKAEOY2
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9
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OItAIIOYE TYPANNO0. 41
OIAIMOTI.
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PT79p oe Mepo0r7w,Zopis. ry7rv 3' a vrlp 775
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42 ZO0OKAEOYS
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OIAIIIOY2 TYPANNO2. 43
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po'Xv3ov,' E aUO'E K''EOEpee'ue;
p oc a7r oTLov Taura 8atL/ovoq TrS aKpivaV w-' avop't T' v o3pOoi Xo'yov;
zj &opa, a "7,T, cowe' V ayvov e'3pa9, 830
8otLL 7TavT7)v )/pEpaV, acXX' ec I poT7
/3l?8V cOavTo' 7Tpo0EV?7 TOt aI 8lJ L
vaUT ovixropof ty/v.!e, (LaO, a'',
7)tv pEvI1 Coaa, 7TauvT oKcV?7p *e O) 9 av ovIJ.'rpo 7ToV 7rapoVTrO eKUdtOq., eX eX 7r era. 835
OIAIHOT2g.
cat PL7v TOOOUTOV 7 EOTL LOL0 T7q9 EAMTLOO9?,
Tov "av'pa T po'0T/rpa 7rpoolevat'ovo.
IOKA2TH.
7recaoy/LEv o 8e 7S9 rroO' 7 rpoOvua;
OIIIIOT~.
E7y L& cC:ro o"' v yap EupeO XeTecov
UrO 7TaVT Ey"(07 a)' v E 7rIEEV7ryOr) Vra 7o0. 840
IOKAfTUH.
r)OTOV pO6 7LIE rpILo JKcOVoaqc Xoryov;
OIAIHOTY.
ef 9 1/,' 9 f
Co VYtv tcaTaC'KTevaLcEv. EC (LEV OVV ev,
XEte& T)ov aVoT'o apLtO/hO ), O0C cry( IrTavov
44 2OOKAEOY2,',,, ^
70VT OTLZV?() T0Up7Ov' EL 6/4E pe67oY.
IOKA2TH.,, e,,,',
a cXXog 0Savev ye T0o7VroS0 C( E7rbTUaoo,
70Xtl fyaLp 7/C1OV, Ov/c E7,C) AwlI, 7oasE. 850
el (' o"v 7L IEaKTpe7LOT ov 7 ppcQTOr Xoy.ov,
OVrtOl 7rO07, &ta4, T7oV e6 Aatov jqovov
cave& 8&Kalco opoov, ou ye 7 Ao~ta
toeB7re Xp.vat wratog e e r/LOvc Oavetv.,t,, e
icaroT vcLv 0 ) ov KEPQv7 0 oVT77V09 7rOTr 855
OT TOV th avT ra, 7y av ro 67
/e"taq. av ov1vec 0ovT6 760 aov VTEpoV.
OIAIHlOT.
KcaXgo vo1te. aXX 0/0oJq TOV Ep7aTMV
or lTuElov 7LTt CcYTeXo#vTa aIq8e TOOUT wab0. 860
IOKAI THE.
r u c Taxvvw sao XX' oo' royev eS t01o9q.
Ov$ev yap av 7rpaEatp2 av co) ov o-o tca Xov.
[Exeunt JOCASTA et CEDIPUS.
XOPOZ.
Oa-p. c.
e& g0ot E vve1/1 U E+pOVrt Itotpa 7TaLv EVE'7rTov adylvEav Xdoywv
6pyovl 76 7oraPTVw, CO)V /pOOL 7poCZE7vTa 865
vJt7roeg, ovpavia
OIAIIIO~Y TYPANNOS. 45
atOBp TeCvCoOe'VTe, V)v'QOXvp7Troq
7ra7T-p to'vos, ove vtv OvaT'a Svb aVe'p' o
ETUCreV oVu8 /jk 7roTE Xada KaTa~KoLb4a-c/ 870
EryaSe EU TOvTOt' Oeo`, 0v p fyfpLao-'cel.
aVT. A.
v/' ptq wVCve. Tvpavvov. t, de'roXXC, V'epw'Xa'O',, ~ V'' P~,
-paTav,
a,r 7rucatpa A/.,e rt -v povTa, 875
alcpoTraTo ew'avalcaTo',. f....
a7ro,'oaov Copov'ev eti aVola7iaV,
eV)0 ov t Oob Xpffb' XpTrat. To Ka~r' oexo
7rOXEL rTaXawLc pa. AriOTE Xvaat EOv a0LTOVpaLt. 880
eob Ov o X.j o TroTe'rpo~rarav ~oxwV.
orp. fP'.
E &6 7tL v7repoorTa Xepoftv
Xd07y0 7ropeUErat,
/LicaC nc ofJv3ro~ ovte 885
Batpoov v'v E aoe3Woy,
KCaKac VtV A6OTO JobOpa,
&vorTo7ToTov XaPLV XXt8a9,
E& 4L7 7o0 KEp80' KepoaveL 8tKa'ot
tK W )cTE aoE7rTTV EPEat, 890
d TwV L,TWV e4EoTat [LaTeC&ov.
Tl b 7oT EL Ev ToU78 avcqp V/ucJoV 8frl7
EV:eTatL 4rvxca auvvewv;
ey yap at Trotatcl 7rpaetL'4LCa, 895
&, o
Tt tf pe %opevLet;
46 SODOKAEOY2
OUVCETL T70 atLc6Tov e6LL,
rya E7r oiL4aXov oE icoV,
o'8' C''A/' 0 V.,
0' trav'Aaot~ va~v,
oU8' Trw' Okvujrav, 900
7rao'lv Lpt o'eL fpOTovS'.
aXX,, co cpaTvowv, e7rep opa acouVE%
Ze6. 7'rLv'T aracoteo, Lt7 XaCOoL
-e Tav re Ecav dOatvapoavo atEv apXav. 905,b1vovoTa 7ryp HIvOo'Xpo-Ta Aafov
OEo+baT E~Cltlp0Vc~t ~?y,
Od-o'ar' J~apoio't. qj,
Kcov8a[lou Truat'A'rdXXWv e/t4avq/v
eppe 86c Ta Mea. 910
IOKAMTH.
X opac vaCTC, &oa fLOL rapeCaTa7 [Introit.
vaove tccoOat &oLCLFOltIv, Tatc eV XEpOw
v*rov?ap atpE6t OvOV OtivoqTOU atyav
Xv7ra warToatat'rt' ov o vo airjp 915
evPorV Ta Icatva To'? 7raakta TecLaLtapeTa&,
aX\ eCo"L TOO XE7'VTO% EL etPOu'v xcfl/y.
OT ov 7rapaivovo- ovov c'q XE"ov wnoeJ,
rpos crl Avxice, A7roXXov, aXte-rTo1? ]ap et,
CKETtq a qpu7LatL Trlo'e o-vw KcaTev7aryavo-, 920
r07rTCO XV1 7Wv'7?epL2tv evay? q7ropyP)
CO'? VV OOVLero 7raVTe 9 o vepE7rrXv e/rOV.
IE6VOV /XE7T0PTES (0'; CV/3EpV'T'V VEW';9.
OIAIIIOY. TYPANNO2. 47
ArrEAO1.
acp av?rap' vuv, o UEvoL, [aOotp' w07ov [Introit.
ra; TOV Trvpavvov O/aT EYcoar V OLt'7rov; 925
t'ar 3 a l;O' 0 7I'0A) e i,aXtoTa 8 awov E7 aT7, CEt,zTOaT' 07rOv.
XOP02.
TTE/at I EV aC'86e, cavTros e'vov, c~ E've
vvj 8oe /JT?7p?86e T'Ov ICElvOV'TEClVWP.
ArrEA02.
ax ox' XL'a TE Ka& P v OX/31ot act
7evot7, 6eeBvov 7 ovoa 7ravTEX ps a aaf)p. 930
IOKA2TEH.
avTCor 8NE Kat, u v* atto 7Yap Et
T27r evETreta OvveKc. aXXa Qpa{" orov
xpoi)v aoa6 ul, at O'6Xow
APrEA02.
aa8ag 8o/luo'TE icam v0E 7' CTo, fvva&.
IOKAZITHo~
Ta vrota TaVta; 7rapa Ttvo9 8 a0L716yevog 935
ArrEA02.
eu1 T KopLVOOV. T'O 8' rno? ot4epw TXa,,q80Fo jkcv,'7r 6 Ovic av, affXafxx6OP tacog.
IOKAMTH.
T eCaTt; oLav 8UvalLtv COJ 0 egel 8t7rXq'v;
48 2OOKAEOY2
ArrEAOZ.
rTvpavvov avTov ov7rTtXwptot X'ovo
Tr3'IuOLLbas (T7'OV'Lov', (78 EviCE. 940
IOKAITH:I.
Tr Hv; o,X o 7rpE/8v9 IiIoXv/o3 cmycpaT)s' T;
ArrEAOY.
ov r/T, ~7e~ ryv OayVaT'o eV T7aobt eXet.
IOKAETIH.
zrwS etqraS'; ) TELIoyGE IOXVPOq, w 7EpOV;
ArrEAO.
Fb 7(O 7aX?avOE', aLCt Oavrev.
IOKAZTH.
o,rpoa7ro'oX, ovyx OeroT TaO' S aX 945
TT, e To'roy,,
J/ aoT I TOVQ ( a0L tac' /CO
Tov aC'p E<e vEae I7 KCTaCOt, KCat i/VP oCE
7rpo? Tn7 TvXl oXf oXel ov;e TOU8' Vo.
OIAIIIOT.,
co jIXTaTov?Yvvaualco, IOKcaOqv7 Icapa, [Introit. 950
Pd' EtE7E/vr' ) &eupo rTi'v& &L)aaTcov;
IOKAITH.
alCOVE Tav8po'o TOv8s, KaCt cKo7e K'VV
\ o'Er/ )/ Oeo aT aa.
Ta ae-v tv qcet Tov^ 0U eov,avTevpuaTct.
OIAIrIOYS TYPANNOS. 49
OIAIHOT2.
ovro9 TP 7vr OT' ea TeCa2 T[ 0ol XTer;1
IOKAITH.
CKc 7r KopvrOov, raerepa Vo o-vw a7rycrcv 965
oq oGICET OvTa lo'Xvfiov, AxX' oXwXo'Ta.
OIAIHOTM.
E,,, X, I,?,95,,e v'; avTro,o o' v oU7cn vaq ryevov.
ArrEA02.
et 70TOT70 rpcwTOJV &e p' c7rary7eXat oraca9&,
eiv 6oE0 eceKLOV) Oava'otov 8ev8,aeroTa.
OIAIIIOT2.
7roTepa oxoto'w, " tooov.;vaa 96
AIrEAOM.
o,-LtKpa 7ra aba fc)LaT eC vav4E po7rT7.
OIAIIIOTT.
V009 oo 0 T'X7WoV, 9g~ "OLKEP, e6bO'To.
ArPEA0M.
ca, TO uaKpao pye o'v1.e'eTpovpevoq Xpovw.
OIAIIIIOT2.
EV aV, 71 o 7T aV, oi 7vvat, rKO7TTOt7T 7T,77 lHuvCokCavrTL eCTLtav, 7o ToV at i&65
ICXa'ovTra O'pvtI, "V y"-7qTo'y(c
KcTaJvet efoe, XXov 7raTrpa 7rv ~cLov; o Oavcov
50 MODOKAEOY2
cevO Oc camA 8'' co 8 vOaae
arav-7Tros cEyovJ, 6e T t kl) T WIU) T(OO7
icarvOtOtc OftO) 8' av Oavov J t E97OV. 90
Ta 38 o rapovTa uvXa/3o ar ccaa7o
KetTaL 7rap "At38, IlXv30o aL' oe"v8'6.
IOKATIIH.
O/cOVv ey7)o o-O TavTa 7rpovXeyov 7TaXac;
OIAIIIOT2.
V3oa' efy () "C ("'4)Pct) 7rwtapryo'tvqv.
IOKAZTHI.
vut7 vv eT avTCOV Ov98eS p pNVv / czL.p 98'5
OIAIIHOT.
xab 7rw 70 To/poLTPO F XeKTpO O OVIC oKveLV e 8e';
IOKAZTH.
Il 8 v fo/3o' avOapw co7ros, G a TV
lcpatrel, 7rpovota 3' Co-r7v ov'Oevqo c'aa"';
CE/rI CpaTT'rov 0r)V, co'W9 v3UvatTo tl9.
Oav 3' et' Ta''rpo3 w1) fooov vvFtocevtaTra 980
7roXxo "ya'p r8&i C'aU ovelpao-tv /3pOTCo')
IL7:v7pt vevvacaOrloCav. aXO' avO TO
7rap ov8v Ec7t, paTrra'TOv /Iov &epc.
OIAIHOTY.
icKaXo a'ravrTa TavT av'ctPl'7O O'-t,,',, q, T., a O
Ct /6r?) Ktvpe ctL v'a EK *ca VP 3' ewe, te6 rl 985
7raco avaycyI,,ce, EcaXko X'ctqev,'K "6V.
OIAIIIOYS TYPANNO.. 51
IOKA2TH.
KCat LV ke79a 7' O4aXjuoF ot warpPos Trdot.
OIAIIIOT2.,ucjaq, {vvyku *ata\ Tqs 7 cO-qq 0F9oBg.
ArrEA0f.
Iro cal 8&' Kaa ryvvaltcoS EKcKO/e3bO Vrep;
OIAIIIOTz.
M 0p7rw'?, 7e6pate FIoxv/os'? C,K66 ue Ta. o90
ArrEAOf.
7l'''aY CeI Wv77 VIUV k /x9ov c'pov;
OIAIIIOTT.
e"Xa~rov aUvTrevta 8etLvov, co E:ve.
ArrEaoZ.
~ * ~ 3\ n \ 3 *
&a'XtaTca Iy El7Te rycp 4e Aotia9 7rO7e
xp)vas X ~ralvb,T7Pr T?71avrov, TO TE 995
z t O, 9.
rraTp ov a.Lpa %epaC't Tra' epas eXetv.
V ove)'7 Ko'ptvOo9 J.o raX,aacpav (arreL7 erLT evTvXco~ /ev, daXX oglm
Ta TwV T7KOVTO-)V 0/t[7 qOuOatTOV AXE7TELY6V.
ArrEAOZ.
I 7yap 7 vd8 OKVCeZJ EOCV1 7O6''To7rT0; 1'00
o OOv o'. arroy7oXT 1000
52 2O'OKAEOYS
OIAIIIOTM.'nrarpk TIE XPP7"' /L'V P ip? ewat, y7epov.
ArrPEAO.
TI'qT E7CO OVU V0V E 701) (900 &, aI val,
e7eTr7Ep CVpVo qXOov, eeXv07ap7 Iv;;
OIAIlOTYZ.
Kat prv XaPtv 7 aiv a~tav X/)30L9 E/LOv.
ArrEAOE.
t6a tl T' ~Xto'T'V-T' a'o 07'
Kcat P )v 1uL.kU -Tao TrOT7 afL07 o),? 1005
rro0 ~robp Gd'v e~ov~roF f~ ~rp~aLa~p 7r.
rO-. pOg O/1LL0U EXOO VT0 ev p aatibt
OIAIfIOT2Z.
aXX owv7roT0 EL/Lt 700o VTcvo-av-ta 7' 0/LO.
ArrEAOZ.
co 7rab, KCaXcj EL 987X? OWEI e&'80 TI 8 a",
OIAIIIOT;.'1r&, r yepated; irpos Ocaw 8[$aoCKE /LE.
ArPEAOT.
Ob 0KOV9 OXt.
EC TcOZ/& ()E;V7EL9 014/cv I /EK OL. 1 0ovg uoo cb'v, 1010
OIAIIIOTI.
-rap/3c 7eye /1 pot 4 309 BEf'4OB owaonj9.
ArrEAOE.
r'
eoL7 /'eat iLa a TOW VTVOCaVTWOV Xdl'y9;
0IAIllOTe.
70o7 alT /,O'' 0 Ea'"'
TOVTaVT rpEG,8VTOVTO 1(k oaeb 6
OIAIIIOYY TYPANNOX. 53
ArrEAOM.
ap' otoOa, )a TrpoS 8Lp C Kr o01eV Tpe/COv;
OIAIIIOT2.
ArrEAO~.
OrozoveKc 1V o'0o roIoXv/io8 ov& 8 ev e,?ve&.
OIAIIIOT:.
77WS Ew'ra; ov,yap 17OAVvos9 EEovfoe pe;
ALrEAOM.
oia ax i W' a pot, axx' * o*ov.
OIAIIIOTM.
Kcas 2rT O9 Ov ofaq E4 1'C ro nO 78er;
ArrEAOI.
dXX','!,0,2 t t,, ^.'.'.
aXX ov 0a ce7yevaT OVT 6f1EVO OVT E70o. 1020
OIAIHlOTI.
aXX avTb 7oV a?) 7raL&a /A (O)x4'ETO;
ArrEAOM.,pov TrOT, 6aOt, Tov E/Uv XEtpWv Xa3co'v.
OIAIHOT2.,co et' awr aXX9)9 XcEtpoq E-TEppEV lE7a;
ArrEAOT.
7 7yap -rp v avwTov aE''7rE' aw'at'a.,
54 BO~OKAEOY~
OIAIHIOTZ.
av 6e'IeroXlcra,, Te"coV p avO OP; 1025
ArFEA0Z.
evplv va7ralca Ev KtOatpvos 7rTvXa?.OIAIHIOT2.
O8t7rOpfEt'E'rpo' Tr TOWUo TroVU'oT7rovS;
ArrEAOI.
evrav,' OpeIOL? 7rOt/LPOL e7r'eoCTaTovv.
OIAIHOTZ.
7ro0/J7lv 7ap src0a ca7t Orl-eTba;rXavrv;
ArPEA0Z.
o', u A') T3 E VOV, o —717p 7e 70 707 TO XpO'. 1030
OIAIflOT:.; a, E' o (o 1,caKot pe Xacp av';
APiEAOT.
70o8o, v av apOpa papTvp71'e0-eteV Ta ca.
OIAIIIOTY.,, I,, I I
0bl~t 7, T, TOVT apXaLov Evve7re9 KcaKOV;
AFFEAO.
Xvo a' exovTa &8aT'opovv 7ro otv acCLa9.
OIAIIHOTf.
evo'V 7'Ove1tO8o a7Tapyavcov avetXopv. 1035
OIAITIOYM TYPANNOS. 55
ArFEAO.
Co60To covoaaot EI C TUX97x vavmv71 o 66t.
OIAIIIOTE.
o )7rpos 0eav, 7rpoq IrTpos', y 7rarpoq, qpacov.
ArrEAO2.
oUVic ot3 o ovs & 7aUT Eo/ Xov O C poD E
OIAIIIOT2.
ryap 7rap aXXov' eXa/3c3 ov8' aVT'o? TVXO;
AiPEAO0Z.
ArrroZo.
O1)/C, tXXCa Tro tL7rlf7 aXXoq ICbec8loWoot/O;. 1040
OIAIIIOTI.
7TV OVTO?;! KaTaocBOa 8iXwo-at Ao7lt);
ArrEAOZ.
Ta)v Aatov 817-rov T7e coooa07TO.
OIAIIIOT2.
T roU TVrpaVVov To'7c 7yq 7racXaa 7rore;
OIAIIIOTT.
r caaTf eT / OvT 0U70, C'OXT 3 8eV e/hE; 1045
ArrEAOM.
vl669 7, apLo'T E8b 6bT aV o7rXcop60o.
56 E20cOKAEOYT
OIAIlIOT2.
eO'T7V'Tl? Iu, oV WJv 77rapEO-ToT07OV rreXa',
OotV TTcaVTo6pOe v 0TP, OP VE7rCt,
ET ovTv Eree vypwVao o'; e68cov;
ar/q7jvaO', cA 6 IKcatpo? evprjo'Oat Ta8. 1053
XOPO02
otzat /Lev ovov aXXov To) v ~c'aypcv,
ov Ka/lkaEVE'9 7rPO'CoEv elOcetb* aaap
c.; &, 013 Ix' "'/') 7
o ao Tra8 O VX q~CrLr aU Io0ca'?Tq eX'ot.
OIAIHOTW..vvaL, VOE' eEIC6eOV, OVTLV apTtL(o
iLoXet4 v e'cLeoBe Oaa; 7Ovv8' oV-ro; Xye; 10)55o
IOKAITH.
T r o'Vg r' cwre;,Cu On Evrpa7Tr?). Ta e
pjqOcvra o/3vXou pj8' l ejv7I7Oat /aQTrIlV.
OIAIHOTZ.
oViC av r)evotzro'7ovO.7r8 S ceyco XaI3coa
O7lLeta TOavWT' o0v )aVrO ToV!Ov rE4VoT.
IOKAITH..tfl'rTpO9 eEV, 6rep 7T t 7t0o tavrov $tov 1060
ICjot, ILcTEV TOV X2 vooio' 6ryc.
OIAIHIOTY.
OapcEt,.av yap 0ov av T p77" e'yco
hj7rTp~o ofavo rTptlovXog, ecbazveb IcaC71o
OIAI1-OY2 TYPANNO2. 57
IOKA2TH.
opwt 7r600o p0o,'6o0'oa' Pi Pa Tae6.
OIAIHIOTI.
OVIc aLv 7r-tOotp4n7lv l ov' Ta8' EcKLkaOEwi aia0. 1065
IOKA2TH.
xat,)v fpovovaa'y EL X',Ta 0ot Xeryco.
OiAIIIOTI.
Ta X(Oc'Ta TOLVVP TavTa / aXyvvet 7aXat.
IOKAZTH.
C6 &'c7TroT7u', eLOe'7/J7roTE ryVOLq o0 Eb.
OIAIIIOTg.
aget rt7 EXOLV eVpO 70Tv orT7pa'';ot
TavT/JV c'aETe 7rTX0vcU xatpetJ ryeve&. 1070
IOKA2TH.
OV LOV, oVaT' ve' TOV7O 7yap C Cxo%
/.WVOV'TpOactEtLWV, aXXo 8' oV'7ro' v'repov. [Exit.
XOPOZ.
Tl VT07TE /E CEVo v, O' rov, aypa
"acara XVq"f1S 7? FyV/n; 8E8otX of7r(oA
IX IC TS74 0WW2)9I T?70-8 avapp EL ICcaL. 1075
OIAIIIOTT2,
o'roca Xpyve p?77PvrwU TOVo q cYy
EL (lU ET / J2 L8ELP ^rOUX O a.
58 2OOKAEOY~
avrTq to 7w, cpovet ryap +cm 7vvcP Letya,
T71 vYeveLav v)7v ekj1v aL'XuveVat.
eyEo 8 elaw'ov Ma aV7 T' T VXW jV 1080
7'q eyap r'eu4vca /pV7Tpdo' ol 8E 0V77YrevC.oego,ue /LtEcpOV Kai ueylav $c31)pLtav.
Jf a E X J
-TOLOd 86 o''IOv' O'fC'P Sco eTL
WrOT aXX~oI, (0cToe S7)'cKpa0etv Tov01ov 7EVro. 1085
XOPO2.
MTp.
EcOep EyCO JaLLVTtL9? EL4 xat KcaTa 7v1col/av Sopt9,
ov ToV "OXv/-Lrov' 7rctp(v, Ct) KtOatp' v,
OVfC evq Tcv avpLtov 7avre'Xr/ov, p) OLV Oe YE - 1090
caa 7rarptorav O,8&rov
ica; Tppoov Kca; taL ep' aa eev,
Kca XOpeVeo'a wrpos VpLwuv, dc cwri'pa E'povTa zTo? e/pov
7Tvpavvozo. 1095
r'^e qi EoEfe, * oo. *
TavrT apefOT et/.
avrp.
7L9 oe, r0Efcvov, V719 7 ec7k e Tc v /taKgpatwVoWv coopav,
lIav'o oppecctL'/3aa 7raTpo0 reXa(oOeo'(, 1100
o1 a 7 elJ6vaTrEpa l AJoiov; Tr'yap 7rXaKC9
a'ypopvo to& 7rc'at c1Xat'
e;'O' d KvXX;avas ava'Yo-ov,'O' Bacxeo9 0Oe vai'V ~' 7r apcwV opeov evflFvla ee'ar
"Vf TO/ 1105
OIAIIIOYT TYPANNOM. 59
Nvpoavt'EXtcwvsot'ov, alT
7rXe7o'ra avTrat'et.
OIAIIIOT~.
EC XP Tt IcaC e p7l ovvaXX a'avT'a rwi, 1110
7rpea,8te9, a'raOuaa'Oat, Tovr 3oTnp' opa)v 8oKiW,
f~ \ m
ova'rep 7rcaXat qTov1tevv. v Te yI7ap I.aItpo)
yripa VzaaeBL TzoE ravop& cvuet/~apos,
aXBXCw Te'ovT atyovTa9 o wo7rep oteraq
eyvcwK: el avTrov'r.''TmTL7p: atU / 11
7TpovXoL Ta X av 7rOV, TOP /or0Tp torov rrapo;.
XOPOY.
6oYVca ryap, arCe tr-O Aa o aiov ap' v
cOe&irp s9 a'XXoV Mr7TO' cog VIoOlev av?7p.
OIAIIIOT2.
c'e'rpT' EpCr'TC, TvO KopLvOtov tEvoV,
9
2) TOv8e fpaeis;
ArrEAO2.
TOUTOP, ov7Wrep eL0opag. 1120
OIAIIIOTZ.
Ovro0T v, Irpea'vU, 8e upo /hOt 9Ovet /3XE7rWov [Introit
oo azv cr EpOTC. Aalbov 7o T yo'la o'i; pastor LAII.
OEPAIIHfN.
9 8o0DXoI'O1C ( oV17TO%, aXX oto'rpaoeL,.
60 O20OKAEOY2
OIAITHOT.
Cp7ov I4Eepqtlv&v 7rOLOv 1 3iovr'3va;
OEPAIIgN.
7ro zval T' 7r X6eTta To' /Lov Uoevvt73rob1V. m25
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%x6pOD ~ictaXto'a:rpOv ac6 utVavXo cov;
OEPAHIN.
1v P\EP KtOatp6pov,?v 8,'rpdaXXCpo0 T07roT
OIAIHIIOT.
ov a opa Trov8 Ov oto'Oa O'c8$ oOV i a0Y;
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OIAIITO~~~.
7Jovo oS 7rapeO7tV 2 vv znjXaa a r rCo; 1130
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a3ryvjoT avLavy)co3 VLV. ev Yap o' 0oT6
arot~SfEV'jPo,'wov KtOatpvo9 pr7rov
F ev 8t~rXo'to-t 7otVt&lo9, UYU 8 E 135
e7Xlo'a'ov Tr,8e rTa'v8p;' TpE;q AXOV
E: 9po9 e6d ap'KTOVlpov IE1qpfVOVq Xpovov0'
OIAIlOY2 TYPANNO2. 61
xlclolva 8'; 7a?7 c 7T cb E7ravX Crpo'
X Uavvov OVTOd eF t la Aov tTaa a.
XerCO TOV70z-v, r ov Xeco 7rerpa7evov; O40
OEPAIITN.'tyes Xq0, KcaTrep Ec tapo Xpovo W.
ArrEAOT.
e&P 6Tre ZJVU, TOT ooOOa 7ra'Sa 6o[ Tlva
8 Juw c4atT Opepa, Opeha'fafqv'ryo',
oov?, w) epavT'T epoo perfa/sq~zo cfY;
OEPAIION.
8' T 7Q76 —'TpO 9 T& TOUTO TOV7PO?;OT0pebf;
ArrEAo2.
g8ds'~ 2~a7, C 9N id~rrvo. 11t45
LS eOTIV7, ) TatV Kebuos 0o TOT 21V VEOT. 45
OEPAIIgN.
OMvc e OXeoov; ov o r-tcorl'jra ereb;
OIAIIIOTZ.
a,,/u7 Ko aE, rrpECpv, T'0V', E TEb t a a
eTca& KtoXac'rrov /a XXov Ta 70U TOV'S e7rfl.
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T' I pco e &6.T07Y,o. aap'OTao;
OIAII1OTI.
OVK zeve7rOV TO ta3S V V OV70o? o'T'ope.. 1150
OEPAII'N.
XEyes 7yap et;0 o0vEv, aXX aXXog 7rrovet.
62 2O4OKAEOY~
OIAIIIOTI.
rv 7rpo(s XpwI puEV o0vC epet, KXaacv (' EpE6.
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vo3T1voT, aLTi 7ToD; T' P'XpooX-p ),ua0Oet; 1155
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7'oXXe 7y puaXXov, 3"v bpa'ow, 3tXXvpa6.
OIAIIIOT1Y.
av7p', cog e0eowcev, E rpttfac A. 3160
OEPAHION.
ov Trr eCry/, aXX? EfrOV;G (3olnv 7lraXa&.
OIAIIIOTZ.'ToCev X)a/'vo; OKE&OV,) " aXXov 7-tvo;
OIAIIIOY~ TYPANNO2. 63
OEPAIIHN.,1VO E q c,ov,,...
elvo /pev o0sv eto07, e3eva/7Av 8d rot.
OIAIHIOTI., ^ ^,,,
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OEPAIIW2N.,p 7rpg OeEWv, jt71j, e87rowo, t"opeE 7rxteov. 1165
OIAIHIOTM.
Or~aDa 66' 0-6 TaVT ep71ropat 7rao'p.
OEPAIIWN.
TV& AaTov TOUVVV Tlg 7,v ycevwvaaThov.
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$ 8oVXoS, ve eKVOV TV?, lr Se77ev?9 7y7Co;
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A 8 )' X
olpot, 7rpo0 aVTol 7Cy,CtLb Tx O ECo XeT e,.
OIAIIIOYT.
KaT7(7 alcove. I' aaX/' CooVOTEOV, 1170
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IeCEIVO? 76 rot 8?7 rat9 EIcX77gEO * 8'o,ca avt c lr Et7rot aq ry) Ta8 c erae6.
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7) 7Lap 8180V7LV?)8E oot;
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64 ZO)OKAEOY~
OIAIHOTT.
co avaAwo'-alt, vt&Z.
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Oea0ba acovT 7 C K iacv. 75
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XECZCtw Z nX fcIJ rca/cv.! f~
KTEVE6V vwV'rovu TenCoVw'ag zv Xo070.
OIAIIIOT2.
row aTL;
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KcaT'ot/c'aaz, ve,9 O7OvO ero,'.aa,X/v X0Oyva
lpaK C9 FLE7tT eO-COO-EV. Eb yap OVT7-9 E& n18
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rSv toy * 7a 7'alV) e YPOI tB86 oac;.
e O4&, rcXevrawo v 0-' 7rpoo'i3Xae,*at/ vo v,
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[Exeunt.
OIAII1IO~Y TYPANNOS. 65
XOPOE.
xoPoz.
o'rp. U.
tco yevea fpOTCov,
CS vuaS~ wa,ab TO'c To-' exapuEocvo
0'O, /,, I
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)o TOUOVTOV 0po0V sOLKEV
Kab &tavr awoKXlvab;
TO' oov oatcova, TOv o'ov, c9 T'XauoL Ot Ltro7 a,' poTZo, 1195
OuTEV /.uaKapto )
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O'TL9g KaG' VrwEp/o0aXv
Troevfo-aq eKparlVatp To 7a ev (.atovao Otpo8%v,
) ZeV, caT'a,Uev Oo'va9c;
~rap fyaficfov;vxa TrapOeVov
XPl'TLoVO8a' WvaraTV 8E J 1200
Xcopa?rvp7o9 aveo-Trav
ov ica& /3atxevqu KcaXe6,luoS, Cal Ta / LEYWT C Ttl ct3aU,'Tabg Et7 Oa6ZOz E
e?/3aL0-TV aVaoCoz'.
Tralvv o' alovetv T719 aOXtT'epo9;
uptVObco dXXa7a taov;
&Oa KXEcloV OCL8rov Kcapa,
a t?"a E,C, V
wratSl Ica" rraTrp& Oa"a~7roXW 7rEro-V,
66 2OOKAEOY~
7TF' OTCE 7r? Wro0 ate 7TrasTppaa' a XOKE pEpELV,
TaXaq, 1210
tiry' E8vvdar-Oiaav E T0oaov&e;
aVT. p3'.
E'eEpe a a;covO o rarvOw' Opv Xpovoo,)
&cKale ToV aryalov ryaov z raXat,
TEWcOVV'Ta Kcal TEICVOVcVOP. 31215
Eo, Aaietov CO TEKcvOv,
dOe 0-,,t' 0rC
~,''oay' ~'' s',,,
c YTolaTOwv. rTO opOop e7arev, ave7lrvevaa T C'C
UeGO: 1220
ca~ GareT'o4tcoja TOUOV o',ouqa.
E~ArrEAoZ.
o rg lEa7ctEY Tq /7as8 act'tpw/CeCVO, [Introit.
ot epPy' acOveo-'O, oia 8' ewo'eoca-O, oa0f 8'
apaEOe C revoq, eCrbep eyyeO77v er 1225
TOWv Aa/SaKeieo ePvTpe7reo'Oe 8.odrLTOW.
Oluat&,yap OVrT v "Ia irpoIv'e 0 aUEr a"v
vlrat KaOap/.O T7jV&r Tlrjv YTE7flv9, ocaa
IcEvOEt, Ta 8' aVwrKi Eb' C5 TNOf OaveM Kaca
ECKOt a IcoVI ax ovTa. 7'V 8'6 7r9PoVClO 1230,ta'XtoTa Xvrrovo" ad' bavco" atOa'pero&.
XOPOI,
XeI7re&,ev ov,8 a, 7rpOTOV'8e,.teV TO'/e OU
f3apvaTor evat''rpQo 8 6ECe'VIOtuW T'6';'
OIAIrlOY2 TYPANNO2. 67
EArrEA02.
0 /eEv TaXtarrro TWrv X0oYov 5 7treW Te icat
aOeiv, TE'OVfltce Oelov'IoKcarT7l Kafpa. 1235
XOPO:2., 8vo'TaAawva, 7rpoq 7Tvo 7roTr arLta;
E-ArrEAO2.
avTr) 7rpoq avrrl?' wov 8E 7rpaXeOvTov Ta,ca
ahxyWrT avrecTtV7 r) yap O6} L ov 7rapa.,
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-rev(cet Ta Ice6vg)9 aOA\ta 7TraU?/LaT(L. 1240
o07TS 7yap opry Xpolue-vl'rnapXO er'oa
COoon \,' e3 \;,. T \ VVI-L,
OVpWVO9,,E rE,),'JTO9 Ta ZV/ICt, ca
EXfC' KO/zIV orrto' a/ ELtBetotqo alttat9;.
wvXa, 8' ow7rEoo eLrXO' p e p7rtppaa co-o;caXe; T'ov r2 l Aa'Cov rcaXab veEpdv, 1245t
LVz7,l)?V )raaXatc1)v ca7rEppa(TCOV EXO.Vc, Vr 6VZ
CmOaVoI /Av avToT, Tu 8J TIKCTOucav'Xtro
TOIT otcrv avro. oUVTEKVOV 7rcatovpytav.
yoaLTO o evvac, evOa o VT/7vos &t7rTXOV
cE avlpoq acvSpa Ka't TEKICV) CIc'T6KCOV TEKOt. 1250
XwGA)7769 /EVf C/C T&p OV'KET OLO aroXvTa
/30oc.v yrap tcTEr'aetoev OBI7rovr, aovp omv,,,
aXlX etS EKCEVOV TEpLtOXOVVT AXEVOaO/eUV.
obra o rp 7ap eryXo'EaTCt), V'vopezv, 1255
fyvvatica Tv ov ryvvaa, lr9Tcoauv 07r OvO
KICXOL 7rkXo v apovpav ov Te EKa TEKVoV.
68 OcbOKAEOY2
Xvarwo'vrt 8' avT5o a43atLLovwv &KIC VVOt TtL
OV,Se r7ap cLvSp)V, o% 7rapqiiEv EyyvOev.
8e&wov 3 acas co0 Vcf qTrroV 7TV09 1260
rvXaLt 8t7rXai evinjXaTr, EK E'rrvO1ieLvoV,.
o0 8y1 Kpe/JaOTrI)v TV 7VvvatC' C''ct~o/sv,
v7rXeKfcraWo ataw'paotv e/J 7re7-rXqy7/ev7qV.
~ col opa VLV, 86Lva /pVXVO6El9 TaXaq, 1265
xaXa^ Kpe/LaaerIv aprTavlv. E7TE c 7?p
eKTerO Tr'vVX7j,, cva 8 v va'vOv' oepav.
daro7ra'acya9 7ap Et/aTrov Xpvo' aava ov
7repovag aw aVrv7, altotV E ec'TEXXe7TO
apa erraepv'Opa'r v aTrov KcVKxw, 31270
avoRw'rotavO, Oozvec' o)uc oJVrov'rJ V6t1
ovu o, eraoxev ov0' 7ro' epa ca
OU(7,C,Oqr, i a K agcb
dxx' ev KC7oT'r o Xot7rov oV ev oIEV OVK 6e
o*iao o)0 8' eXP7'ev o01 7r0yoClTroo 0.
7,otavr eCJ)OVUVv ]TOXxaKeL TE KOvX m7Tra' 1275'pao'o' e7ratpwv p/3Xedapa. 0ovtcas'a osV
yX vat rey-e7ob TerTyOV, ovt ai Le'
vovI C,.vscxaq Oara ovag, taXX' dOlov,,tXa9
o014pos XaXaX('?7 alaTo'70v T ETe77rTO.
Ta' JK 8VO "v eppco7ev, ov /OVOV KaKa, 1280
aXX' avsp6 fKaa 7yvvatlKt uVpt7l7 Kcalca.
O 7rptv qraXatob 8' AXo8 nv 7rrapote,.e
xoq 8tKa(ca9 ZZVVV 8& T! 7& 0O71epa
o-reva7y/Jo9, o?7, Oera,'avaTo9, ao'Xtvly, Kfca:Cov,l, ) aT 1285
oEY EOT& 7raVTCL0V opol'dT7, 01JOV EV' 1T rov 1285
OIAIIIOYS TYPANNO2. 69
XOPOM.
hvu aOO) or TX' C71 ) e'LV& TXOXV?7 KaKOV;
3om' &olqfe6Lv'yOpa Kat 8 -Xoiv LWa
Toc 7rTr& Kaadioeao Tlobv 7rarpocKTOVOV,,
lTuy /7Tppo9 - aveCwv; Lav o'L V pra oo,
tos, Xetc301Jo PI'tww eavTov, ovS eT 290
/LeVVco pO 0otL c"pato0, 9c fpao-aTo.
eC r O oo aa r~'' ^
P:l#1t9 7E I/EVTOl Kat 7rpOfl7fyTO' TLWO
erat T~ r7o?p voo0-l/la /peLtov } cepepEv.
86t1Ee 8.6 Kcat ~o. KcX'Opa'yap'rvXCv TaSe
zotryErat Oaeua o' e8oe#e' ~aXa 1295
TOtOVTOV OMOV Kab rTV7UyOVT EWTOICT0&a&m.
XOPO.
oEt) vv 86eW V t'ta'Ooq avOapowrrot, [Introit (ED.
C stVOTraTOV T7raPvT(wv oa02 ~e?rpoo'EICvp'. 7-lq, CO TXfOV,
wrpooCE377 pavia; TS o Wr787crag 1300
LzEt4ova 8alpov T-Ov /uaKcLTAv
4EV EVI Va av- aX ovs e2c83eW
Urvaat ee, OXE'v woXX' avEp' c0at,
0roX\a 7rvOe'Oat,?roXXa 8) atWplo'aa 1305
Tolawv dplcqv vrapeXetq p0ot,.
OIAIIIOT2.
a at atat, suoTavoq ryCo,
7roi yag 06epolbat TXa1(Ov; 7ra h0o&
70 2OOKAEOY2
quoeyrya &' cXcas 7rETaTvai fopaylSv; 1310
w Svo'p0, 68V' 6' x'ov.
xOPOl.
s B&EtVV, 0oW a'KovGTOv, oOV r' e7roJfqov.
OIAIIIOT].
qvp. a.
tO O'KOTOV
vcoxosq Etov a7ror0po07rov, e7t7rt'X0oeov adOarov,
alaaT'ov T're fCat, vo'OvpLT7-ov o. 1315
9 b,,!J, 01~ s.ta8 e
o,-'ot aVX auOvg Ol' OV V'' a/ca
Kev7poAv rTe c7roW OiLtTpcqyLa caa'LV7LA KaKICOt)V.
XOPOY.
Kat Oai3E ry' oo6v -v roo-ooce 7r7Uao-v
8&7rXa' e 7revOeiv cKalt B7rka e'pew aItala. 1320
OIAIIIOTT.
dvT. Q.
N'' \ P f' -V?
av pEV e!o e' f7tr7roXo09 et, ft.OVtFo eT r7ap
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0ev, 0ev
ov 7yap Lpe X7fsE,. daXXL 7t7vC0-C0 o'a qco, 1325
Kae7rep oKo'eKOTi,7O, Trv rye ojv av8Jv ogpow.
XOPO2.
c petva' 8payaS, 7rb dEX7 TopaV79ta z a
OAefl hapavat; 7t9 0 fo wpe &aqL/ov 0;
OIAIIIOYe TYPANNO2. 71
OIAIIIOT2.
orTp.'.'A7rO;XXv p'ra' v,'A7d1xxwov, btXot,
o Kaeca Kaca TreXwv Eca TaO ELa a 7rarea. 1330
Er'atre 3' avTroxep ovt7cv OV% AX''r Tx Uacztv.
Tt Tap $e3E,' opav,
TCO ri Co)T pq 8, V e'q 7VKV 1335
XOPOZ.
7v T avo o7rwavrEp /cat arv,?.
OIAIHOTY.
TI 377 E CLON /ie7r'7Tv, q GTepXICTov, ) 7Trpor'j71opoV
31' 5'1 a,8ova, OkXi
ET eCOr aicovetv aoot., )O
7raye;T EICTOorov oL TraxLtCTa Ue, 1340
a7rcrye, 0 () TlOL, TOY XE oXpIoV,
TOV KcaTapaToTaTov, @el K8 ea, O1eo 1345
CXOpo'TaCov /3poT'ov.
XOPO2.
8deXatE TO)e oV O To fS TE (vfIcd0opaq o01ov,
aF o)~Oe'Xqo'a 8 ava7vcaovata "roT av,.
OIAIHOT2.
wvr.,B'.
oXo' Oo'rt~L )1v o c arypLta're8a9
Yo'a' E7r't'7ro8ta e'a/3ae / a7'ro TVe ovov 350
p Tcaveo'cooev, ov8ev ~8 /pv v rparcor.'7' Xapw'npaawv
70TTe yap aiv Oavov
OVK IV 0;6l OU' X, 1355
Gvic 77V oklL taiv Ov TOa'OY, o0 aXog. 1355
72 2OOKAEOY~
XOPOZ.
06XoVM leao I'rOUT' ]av yV.
OIAIIIOT.
ov'covv -7raTpo- ey' dV JOevo? Xov, oi;8 vvr.8 lpo
Bpo-oq ecXjOnl7v wv ef~vv a'7ro.
vv 8' aOEos ev tlV' a'vor'ov 8 "7raair 1360
O/Of7EZVJ79 8a' a c bv avTlo, 6vv TaXaT.
etb 6B Tt?Tp6,V'T~pOV eTt IcaKQo aK OV, 1365
t^O',,,0I1
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XOPOT.
Owf oc rww o'e.r I3eIouvevOa& tcaX&~.
o /fe ~0~ s n K,.,
iper&oOv ryap 7oeca /1IC6'ET iV O q V rVbX' q.
OITAIHOT2.'X 3, 3' t
K IIEz Tao V% W8 60erT apt or' epryaoLeva,
I-,7t'' Ec8i8aKE, _ uq8E eV/3OxOV)EV ET'. 1370
7'y C ~p o,)ic OV' " op'iao-Ctv 7rotoft E7r&)V
7rarepa tror' Wv 7rpoOe80ov eg "A'A8ou,oXdo;v,
v1 ai TaXatvav /.1qEpT o' aVoy
Ep7 EOTC KCpeItaOV' a7Xovq etpry7aro eva.
aXX' 7 re'KVcov 8&qT' t3lt qv EcolpepO9, 1375
t~Xaerto (I Ho" I
3Xkaro-ov oV Crroo ef3lXa-re, 7rpoowevo-elw e.oli;
ov 87a TO&C 7 q6LOOV o- iaX tT 7roTe
ov8' aOTV 7ry OV8 7r-Lpyoq, OV8o E 8aLqkovw v
aryaXctaO tpa, Tcv o 7raVTX7ll oV cry
tcaXXtc7 awljp eIT CV 7eat" OT l atv Trpaqbet; 1880
a7reCOTEpO cELaVTOV, avToT EVVere7r
OIAIIIOY TYPANNO2. 73
oE)v a'7ralVTaq TOP aeI3?7, TOTv EIC OEZ'V
/ 2 V Ik " Ad.
opIotk e/)EXXov o,,4pacv TOVTOVI? opaV; 1385
f IF I I-XC el TXae, aOV a Oe
qfcTra 7y Ea L TlYs ay8OVOvT9 e7 rET
lrll7f?7 (-' @T C opparf osl ourc av o aK c; o/7
0o fwlqroz p ~a vou~uv ax7bOVo'l 3' a f,
TO Ix)roKXpcat TOvtxov WMOXov'1ta,
v T)V TV XOSd TE a icXV:Xtvwv trI8v' 7To y7ap
TjV CpOPTt. )O TWrV Kaicav o rceyv Xvucv.
sco KtOatp o, Tt I,' E3ExoU; TI' ou Xa/3c\V
39
eKTeLVaqc uOva u, e co eAEca [Irj7rore
4t4avrov dvpropwott v Ev 7 ryeyco;
t IdoXv/3e ica Ko'ptvOe ca& -l Ta 7raTpta
Xoyap 7raXa oa pcaO', O13o9 apa Ie 1395
ca'XXoq Ecaicwv v7rovXov eeOp4etare.
OpU 7yap Icaco'd T CV KaKe caicov evpi'cogat.
T TpE66 KEXEvOot Ica K6ECPV1L/jXf Pca7T7
Bpv/udo9 Te kia& OTEPco7To9 EP Tpr7tXaL'; 6~o~;,, 1,,.,
aPcE ovtavov apa rwvppva, KXtpe v,aEro 1400
7reTpae 7rarpo;, apa pTov atedtu F, 7IJXE O
q vaaca,. flTapa';, x a
ao0 xLpa o paoTra Uo`tv eTpa 8yp E'a''V
X-ov ryp avv' a t pi 9o'
MM, c7rpacoJov av; go 7yaUot 7 aao6
It o rrp, taet o
avtO aT eV ava;aprotoit'epl a 7t'v Xoe'at.
aXX' ov fyap av8aave~ O a pq8\ pW'v /caXoz&
74 2O&OKAEOYS
o7rrw~ aXt;Ta 7'pog O ev v e p id t7rou 1410'aXvfa'r,-' o/eQV'EVoa7, OaaXa'o'ovP
cEcp~lmaT,'vO a'uorro E e3oIe'r''
Cppt~aT EV w~k'77oT'EtC o*EC- Mo,,
I'T, cat'aaT arvpoc ahXov Oryew.
7riOecrOE / t.c7e. Tat.a ryap Kaica
Ov3;Et oo's me 7rX7)v ejoV /e'pev ipormWv. 1415
XOPOZ.
aXX o Eq7ra'TEbg eq &cOV Trapel o'e'
Kpeow 7T0 qrpaaaetv t Tca To fovxevJEv,' e6
Xcopag XeXeOTrTat!UOuIvoa a ooiv qvXaa.
OIAIHIOT2.
oo0, T rTa, X8EoFLev Tp7op vz) co';
T[7 pot, aavre'Tat doTlf ev votO9; T7 ap 1420
7rapog 7rpog av7oV artvaT eevqpr/atb icalco'.;KPEQN.
oO' co a/Xa'aT?1~1, 08[6frov9, eX{XvOa, [Introit.
Olk Cog OZVJe&J@V 7&T T77 w7rapoq lcaicoV.
aXX E eTa r;OV?7 / t/i' IcaTatcxvrveaO' 6t,
ryEveOXa, 7r)V (yov 7raVTa lc0aoKvorav vOX67a 1425
at3 6K avaTcro HXIOV, Troov0 aryo
aicaXvUro7v OVTCO 8e6CKVVVa, ro f7T7e r7'/,1T o/4pO9 tpo /JTE cbSo 7rpocre&E7a&.
axxc''o 7'XLCT7'E: OTICOV O71COILU 7E
T0O Eev,eve P r TaTrYyer/ pt'aXO opav 1430
ia, o,o, r K,,
/. a7cCoveEp evretWo eXL Eca-ica.
OIAIIIOYM TYPANNO2. 75
OIAIIIOTZ.'rpo0 GeV, E7E7Ero p e'X7rO, a07rErera'a9,
aptoT9 e XOwO rpO Cr IC la8p Ee,
ritvo TI #LO~ rp~o aOv Tap, ou et ov, pO.
KPEfN.
gal'TOV,ue XpeCaq IWe Xco rape 7vrXetv; 1435
OIAIIIOTI.
p*kOV /e'?E 7 CK T& A' 90o'o, raxwtO', 7, rou.OvW'zCv avovipat p7l&evo, 7rpoo?7yopO9.
KPEON.
aepa av eV TOUT 1o'0 av, ToO Oeov
7rpoTIa~T 6XpvP' ov EK/caOEb 7T rpacTeov.
OIAIHOTT.
a 7xx 7f EIEEVOV'7rao7 Erlx(' Af87a farTl9, 1440
rov 7raTrpofoVT?)v, Tov a-e3rei a7 roXXvtvat.
-KPEQN.
O1T70 EXeXOfl ravO' O*/con 8'9 LV ecTapeV
Xpeta, a,etvov KcpaOev'rI apaoTreov.
OIAIHOT~.
OvbT@S ap avo' ac ov 7revoecO v'7rep;
KPEQ2N.
ICa cyap'v vuv 7av Y~V e(O'7rlfTTL C ep~. 1445
76 ZODOKAEOYE
OIAIIIOTT.
Kcat crot y Ert07c'7r07) re KCa 7QrporpEtrO(La&,
73q /.EV KaT oA.OVS aVTOS O 0 eXeLt raov
fo \ sA'7rOT' a'zZW'TW To`
E/OV fV06 /?pl7 cioO1rw7Z 70&)iv, u
7raTrp9ov aav 5'vro9 ObKfTOV TVXev, 1450
aX e'a pe valew vopertv, evOa APv7ErTa&
-vraTr-p' feEcrOv'c~vre'icp'ov "~ rov,
I Ca ceWCv, OV 5 o' A Xa7rcoXXvvT7, O' o.
Ka6O& TOcOOVTOV 7 6o8a, /?)7Te6 p av voc0ov 1455,, Zr ~ /, Sf.
lj71' aXXo'r7epaa cc18 /vo' ov 7oap av 7roTe
0710aKWV E(aco80)7 v,, /7T 79 TE LVetI KaFC.
a;X?c (hE v'f11U 0 O6 P 0p, O7T0Mep'T0 " M
-raltov a e &T7V c eV aptevwrLv An pot, Kpeov,
Erpoo-,O LepqLvav' av~ pe9 eCLV, Ct3) e JUI) 1460
7 ravtOLv roTe ace&v, evO av Ot, T70 /"Ltov
Tatv c' oI c Vpai) T'e 7rapOevoE v QeLa6Ev,
a'v orvroo' V17j Xcopiv Eo'raO7fl Fop~a
Tpa7re5" alev ov7v av pog, oXX ocov cEo)
ravotp.t, 7ral)TCV TrOWV a'b ~-eTetXE7v 1465
aYt Foi LXeoOat' O Ka uaLaXTra exv Xepowis
reavfai' eaG'ov cKa7roKcXav'a'O'a& Kcaaca.
Y.'
10 lv e,
oV 8qj KXVJO rrOU WTpOT060)B 70(ov /o't OdXowv
OIAIHOYS TYPANNOM.'77
8aKpvppoovz'Totv, cal p e7roLKTEtpav Kpneov
crre/*E A0Lb Ta bXTaT EKyOVOLV E/wOV;
X67CO 7,; 1475
KPEDfN.
)Xteye6C r;y ey ap cH o wropo'vva~ Ta&e,
rylove Tqr}V 7rapovaoav pZtrfl, r -p fEEV caXact
OIAIlHOT2.
axx' eV7vXOt7V% Keat oe qj8ae T7q- O300
oa4aov UaeLvov ) pe qbpovproa'TVxO.,,,,,opo l
co ecva,'roV Vro7T eoe; 8ep' T', X676 1480
r NsZa IrO,O \ /N S8
c T a a&Xcb9 TaO ac 7a9 &"aqs xepai,
da ToO bVTOVpfyOV wrarp'o VtzV oe8 opazv'ra 7rpo'Oe Xa/a7rpa r'povetvaycav oc~paTa'
t~N c,1,) t 2 I o, rT ^o
0o VLlV), cO TEKV, OVO O pV OVO'toTop
vraT?7p,CecavOv E'vOev auVro9 IpoOqiv. 1485
kia& crC w.aKpvA T —7rpoo8XEWEtv yTap ov'0evo -
voov/iuevo Ta Xotlra Tov 7TICpOV /L3ov,
otov ortvat o;'b 7rpoq avOpo7r Xpeo l Xp.
7rotaS yap a-rowv r cE6 oC \a
troa9 8) EcopTas', EVOEl ovce, EKXavpe'vat 1490
rpol OcOV teCO arpt'To' eCopltaa;
I, f,f I
aX )VtK, a'v " I 7rpog ryalov 9)/C?7T aKIa
oTL 0OVr70 C7Tat, TvS 7rapappl+et, TEIeca,
TOLCVT' OvE L?7 XavL'3avvo, a TOVC /cIOts
ryoverotv cCTab o-opwb 0' 0,aov 8]X7-yjarTa; 1495
Tr 7yap Kcaicco a7rT6,7L; To7 7ra"epa 7raTrC p
VILt6v OEOEVE - Tv 7v TEKOV'Wav rpooev,,
78 ZODOKAEOYE
oOev 7rep avrov erapf, ac TOv'cov'
o,, OT a 60. crmapa, Ti V,, Y
hcrjo-aO vcaq, cPvTrep aVTOs Eq 0V.
TotavT OVe1LELe0-. fccaTa T lq yaPe2&; 1500
OViC EcTIV O LIS, ao TEKV, aXXa rslXa8)
)
Xeprov? cdapJ vaL Kt7ItIOS UL XPe.
CO 7rCa IIeVOC cve, aXX e7reu a xovoo 7ra77ep'awiaCv XXeuf~erac, vI e4ip, 6 (jvTEvOa/hev,
oXoWXa/uz v! OVTe /71ic 7Te Wep fl9 1505
7rxoXa az4avapovq cc/yEyvetov? axcopeva,
co q Meo.E TO"?,,' KaKo
IuLfl etz~GtrFfp va(oe EoL0'CL) CLooa'.p: t/XX' C OV c-caq, c"E 7VqXcKaW' op'V
i:~! x e \!
7raVTUov eprlpov), 7rX7Jv o0o0 0Vo Tov a epo9.
stvVyUevvC0o, o 7evvat, (ay aavo-a Xepi. 1510
arv 6, CO TceICV E fE IEy 6XETI7V 07 pEvaq,.roxx' Tv 7raplovu' v PU TOvT EX O,
ov icatpo acet vI,,3LoV XToovo0
yva& icvpiaaT otV Tvcvalrroq 7raTp0o.
KPEQN.
a Wt tv ElV cq& &SaKpvcoV aXX t'o cTfj 3'-o,. 1515
OIAIHIIOT.
wef'rlTov,:td fp7&eV rSIUv.
KPEQ2N.
n'avTra 7ap Kcapco iKaXa.
OIAIIIOT2.
Mot0' CI' 4, OV EC/i;
OIAIrIOYZ TYPANNO:. 79
KPEQN.
Xe\etS, Ka6 TOT cfooaa& icXtv@v.
OIAIIIOT2.?yrlh 07rO(O, 7rE,IhrE*T a7rogICOv.
KPE&2N.'o OEo, a&T7c'6 80o4W.
OIaIHOTz.
Axxa e60' O WxTOT q'co.
KPEQN.
Trotyapovv TeCVC& Ta'a.
OIAIIIOTY.
c7'reat'S Ovy;
KPEQ2N.
a t1j bpovi ycap ov SbX&V Xyetlv /aTrv. 1520
OIAIIOTI.
arrafyc VV1 CP VTEUE?ZrS.
KPEf2N.
CTCEX~ VV, TvE5KVCOV S cboO.
OIAIIIOT2.
/qSaV TraVTaq 7' xp'.ov.
KPEDN.'7ravTa Ito /3ovXov xcpaTe6wy
icac Tap aKcpaTrloa oUv ao ro 8 vveo''7rer. [Exeunt.
80 2ObOKAEOYE OIAIIIOY2 TYPANNO2.
XOPOE.
o 7ra7paq L7 rW,8/3)T9 eVOKCot, XEV'O'eT, OLOrnovS 00e,
C\ "I / \,,I.9,,,,525
OSra KXEIZ av0T7laT p$ Car KparTo' DV av?)p, 1525
O'T&3 Ov) i4Xq) 7TObXLT& Kgab'vxat( Ert/Xertwov,
ets o00ov KXvoiL'a 3etvyq avCopas EX7'XvOE'.
c7eG, UOV'r7oV ovT, EKeI')P T7JaV TEXEVTatav t'cev?yepav c7rtrco7rouvPra, pq/78ev oleXLLv, 7rptv ap
Teptza TOV fiLOV repao' t v aXe7rov rawExv. 1O0o
[Exit CHORUS.
NOTES.
TABLE OF ABBREVIATIONS.
Camp..................Campbell.
Cf.......................Confer, i. e. compare.
Dind.................. Dindorf.
G......................... Goodwin's Elementary Greek Grammar.
H...................... Hadley's Greek Grammar.
K. T...................Ka ac XoLr, et cetera.
Lex............. Liddell and Scott's Greek-English Lexicon, Sixth Oxford Edition, 1869.
Lexx.................. The above, and Dr. Drisler's edition of the same, 1846.
The references before the colon are to the former;
after it, to the latter.
M..................... Goodwin's Syntax of the Moods and Tenses of the
Greek Verb.
Mitch..............Mitchell.
Ox........... Oxford Pocket Edition of the (Edipus Tyrannus.
Schn. or Schneid...Schneidewin.
Schol............ Scholium, Scholia, or Scholiast. The Scholia Antiqua
are meant, quoted from Elmsley.
Schol. Min............Scholia Ainora, quoted from Erfurdt.
Wund..........W........Wunder.
NOTES.
SUGGESTION. - It is suggested that the student read either pp. 134-184
inclusive of J. L. Klein's GESCHICHTE DES DRAMA'S, Vol. I., Leipzig, T.
O. Weigel, 1865; or Chapter VII. (on the Representation of Greek Plays)
of J. W. Donaldson's Treatise on the History and Exhibition of the Greek
Drama, to be found in his THEATRE OF THE GREEKS, seventh edition,
London, Longman, 1860; or the article THEATRUM, in the Dictionary of
Antiquities. The Introduction should be read at the outset, and then reread with the progress of the drama.
The characters are distributed among the actors as follows:PROTAGONISTES: OIAIIIOT.
DEUTERAGONISTES: IEPETE, IOKAZTH, OEPAITQN, E-ArrEAO2.
TRITAGONISTES: KPEQN, TEIPEZIAM, ArrPEAO.
1. Note the antithesis of the words lr&XLa, ancient (G. 141, N. 3; I-H.
492, f), and vEa, last-born, heightened by their juxtaposition. The latter
is not used absolutely. Only in contrast with old-time Cadmus could a
part of the suppliants at least, the priests, be considered youtlful. The
poet has in mind also rather his own age than that of (Edipus when he calls
Cadmus ancient. In fact these two both belonged to the heroic age of the
Greeks, and lived but three generations apart. The line of descent was
Cadmus, Polydorus, Labdacus, Laius, CEdipus.
2. The eager gestures of the suppliants justify the use of OotErcE, in
which the sense of rapid motion (from oo6s, quick) is inherent: what petitions pray do you urge upon me here? %Spas, lit. sittings, acquires the meaning
of petitions from the posture of the suppliants. For another interpretation
of efpas 0oct-ere, see lexx., Ood>co, II., according to which another simpler
expression of the thought is &b rore ror e r ae rspas Blot KcdOq-Oae;
3. KXMSO[oLV (G. 188, 1; H. 607). — EorqJFM.voL, furnished (rTob U eieTre)
IJvOL, dvrT1 toO KeKO',5'/tvOL: Schol.), for the suppliants were not themselves
crowned, unless perhaps the priests. The reference is to the fillets upon
84 NOTES.
the olive branches. These suppliant boughs were placed on the altars, from
which they were removed if the prayer was granted. See 143.
4, 5. While the city is at the same time full of incense and of wailings which
yet mingle with the strains of the hopeful pcean. Although the tone of interrogation is dropped, the statements are virtually questions. - Notwithstanding CEdipus asks the occasion of the ascending incense and the reason
for the prayers and lamentations heard in the city, he certainly was as fully
acquainted with the calamity under which his people were laboring as any
one before him. See 58. But for the purposes of the drama he leads them
to relate their distress, and then assures them of all possible help. - The
antithesis here is not exact. The poet begins with the contrast between
OvLtalcdrwv,, offered to the gods with hope of their removing the plague,
and eva-rscmyctwv, indicating the despair of the people, when a word much
stronger than the former, 7ratcdvwv, suggests itself. The pean here is a
song of hope. - OupLac&i-v (G. 172, 1; H. 575). The plural is used where
we should employ the singular to denote that incense is offered in many
different places. — The repetition of 6 uo0 is emphatic, heightening the
antithesis.
6. ayq (G. 11 and N. 1; H. 68 and rem. b). - It, which things, i. e. the
reason of them. - SLKcLLV (G. 277, 2; H. 789, c). - ILi (G. 283, 3; H. 837).
7. ayyXAov.&XXcov: said with poetic freedom, since it is evident that
(Edipus does not in fact belong to the class of which by the form of expression he is made a member. Cf.So hand in hand they passed, the loveliest pair
That ever since in love's embraces met;
Adam, the goodliest man of men since born,
His sons; the fairest of her daughters, Eve.
PARADISE LOST, IV., 321 - 324.
8. rr&oaL, in the judgment of all (H. 601). So that 7raw- KXev6s is worldrenowned.
9. He addresses the priest of Zeus.
10. 4wveiv (G. 261, 1, N.; H. 767; M. 93, 1, N. 2, (a), third ex.).rTCVL, K. T. X., in what temper sit ye here?
11. (Ti) SEo<rctvIES (T-C) o-rTpcCLvTes; o-rpoyw, in the sense of to desire. So
Dind., who however makes the form of the epexegesis of Itvm -rp67r different,
namely (Tro'epov) helocareTs X er-T'pavres; Nam hoc dicit: utrum deorum
iram atque poenam ob impi2um aliquodfacinus metuentes, an auxilium in prcesente
calamitate desiderantes?? - OOVroS &v (G. 278, 1; 277, 2, and N. 2, and
211; H. 790, c; 795, e, and 803, a).
12, 13. The object of'rpoooapKtEZ is ib/sv understood. Cf. 141. — 8vo-X
NOTES. 85
ylros, K. vr. X., for hard-hearted should I be not to compassionate such supplication.
-&v EAtdV (G. 224; H. 748). —KaroLK'Epcov (G. 226, 1, and 283, 4; H. 751
and 839). - oa' follows /h, because of the negative idea involved in Bv(o-cXy-qroS (M. 95, 2, N. 1, b, ad fin., where note the use of XaXewrat in the last
example).
14. The aged priest of Zeus, who had been singled out from the others
and personally addressed, now rises, as respect for his sovereign requires,
and replies. - OtSCirovs: for its declension see lexx. and G. 60, 1; H. 191.
-Xdpas (G. 171, 3; H. 581, a).
15. bpas ev iqaces: ~ev corresponds to U6 in 19;.zdv in 16 to d6 in 17,
and A&d in 18 to 56 in the same line. This correlation is possible. See,
however, the note given below on iutv in verse 18.
16. pwCaoor-L (G. 187 and 44; H. 605 and 143). The altars were those
of Apollo and other deities before the king's palace. See on 159. - oL Pev
(G. 143, 1; H. 525, a). Together with ol U6 in 17 and oa 66 in 18, in partitive apposition with the relative 7XIlKoa. - The children are likened to birds
not yet strong of wing.
17. oL 8i, Kr. X.., others weighed down by old age. The feeble because of
youth are contrasted with the feeble because of years.
18. Lepfs (G. 53, 3, N. 2; H. 190, d). An appositive to the preceding
ot 6.-lEyl& Rpv Zqv6os: this does not introduce a new class. The speaker
belonged to the second one mentioned, that of the priests. - iI': instead of
the correlation given under 15, e'v is perhaps better considered the correlative to oa 6d in the phrase oa 8& dXX\wv Oe&v to be supplied, &W' gdv and oa 6d
in such an expression being the terms necessary to distribute fully lepas.
0o 6e expressed in 18 is then along with oa 6U in 17 correlative to ot judv in
16. These three terms distribute -/XiKom. See lex., /xd, A, II., 2. — riC:
cf. on 183. - neeOov XEKroC = XeCKroa p'eon0.
19. Tb 8' iXXo (G. 142, 2, N. 3; H. 538, e). -This one before the palace
was but one of the crowds of suppliants. There was, beside this, one in
each of the two market-places, one at each temple of Pallas, and another at
the temple of Apollo on the river Ismenus.
20. ayopa'cmL (G. 190 and 39; H. 612 and 129).
21. pLaveCaL o-r'roS, oracular ashes, those of burnt sacrifices through
which divination was practised. - The gen. depends on sirt, while the dat.
o~ro&p is governed by wrpos, like,aois.
22-24. The English order is: r6XLs ydp (H. 530, b), ba-rep Katrbs elaopes,
aaXeeL Set 7 dyav Kat (&ort) oaK'rt oara re (G. 151, N. 4, and 261, laund
N.; H. 814 and 856, a) civaKol,,0aV aL Kpa /vB0v (G. 174; H. 580) otvtlov
~dXov. - ko;vCov or4Xov, the ensanguined sea, red with the blood of so many
dead.
86 NOTES.
25. K&XVtLV (G. 188, 1, N. 1; H. 609).
26. fouvvdoLs = sowov vexo/hvw.ev. - -rKOLcTC TE &yOvoLs: travail that
causes the death of the mother before the child is born. Cf. II. Kings,
xix., 3.
27. iv, in among them (as if vr ro65roS), adverbially. Possibly to be connected with OK?'cias by tmesis. -- wrupdpos, fever bringing, from IIT^P=
7rvpero6 and IE'Pgf. Less probable the interpretation of Schn., who says
the plague was so designated because keeping continually ablaze the funeral
pyres. - No6s: the plague is called a god, as indeed among the Greeks was
almost anything that was mighty in its operation.
28. EXauvEL, agitat.
29. 84soa Kas8LEuov, the home of Cadmus, i. e. Thebes.
30. -rEvaWyLots —y/6os: "Effectum pro efficienti. The dead are poetically represented by the cries of those they have left behind them." Wolff;
For the case, see KXchdottv in 3. — rrXouTCtETCr;L: in contrast to KevoUrat, in
the preceding line.
31 sqq. Therefore I and these youths beseech thy aid, not because we judge
thee equal to the gods indeed, but, etc. - 0eoEo-L (G. 186; IH. 603). - vvv, since
the city is in such dire plight. - 1o'iLo Evov (G. 280; H. 799).
32. raEr8Es: the other aged priests, who were probably near him, he
regards as one with himself, and so does not include them in the term of
reference. With the utterance of the word 7racets, he makes a gesture
toward the children and young men. - -to'gEcrO (G. 122, 2; H. 355,
D, d).
33, 34. cvSp(v (G. 168; H. 559). —'v'E, K.r. X., both in the case of the common accidents of life, and in those greater events where a god's help is needed.
The speaker has in mind the overthrow of the Sphinx by CEdipus, aided
by divine power. See 38.
35. v4 finds its correlative in 40. — E'uoe:ras: see lexx., II. -- oru
(G. 162; H. 551).
36. oaKXlp&s &oLso: the Sphinx is so called from the metrical enigma
she proposed to the Thebans. For this and its solution, see the Introduction.
37. KOa TCaOTa: sc. 47rotwas (H. 508, b).- -u+' il'v: to be connected
with eK&ScaXOXes alone. - $EL8sS (G. 277, 5; H. 789, f). -This word signifies information gathered casually; while KMt&axOeil, that given him by
the Thebans with a purpose. - oiSv rr.Mov, nothing more (than the fact that
the riddle had been proposed).
38. "The priest says that the deliverance wrought by CEdipus was accomplished by the assistance of a god, while in actual fact CEdipus is an
exOpoaiauwv. " Schn.
NOTES. 87
39. k-yey (G. 114, 2, N. 1; H. 363, rem. a). -i-1Cv (G. 184, 3; H. 597).
Note also the accent (G. 79, N. 2, ad fin.; H. 232, ad fin.).
40. wraCrv: see 8. — OLSCwrov Kepa: a poetic expression frequently occurring and equal to the simple vocative, Oitb7rovs.
42, 43. i're TOV, K. r. X., whether by having heard the voice of some one of the
gods thou knowest of it, or perchancefrom a man. - rov (G. 84; H. 244, b). -
After the first e're supply ot-Oa, with the subject of which C&Koarcgas will
agree.
44. KaCl: the poet had in mind at first a co-ordinate relation for the substantives, which finally, as the sentence took shape in his mind, yielded to!
the genitive construction: not only the plans, but also their results.
45. tiXW-orca, most of all, to be taken with the dat. troaev izrelpo&,l
itself an adverbial element. - Note the position of the attributive gen.
46. Go, 0 best of men, restore the state.
47. c6Xap7O7trt, iA r'v 7rpoUrwcpxovoav 864av ir 7r-.r e"irot'q rwoXo~s..
Schol.
48. zrpoOvpct~s (G. 173, 1; H. 577, a).
49, 50. Let not this be our recollection of thy reign, that it both led us to prosperity and saw usfall. —pxfis (G. 171, 2; H. 576).- pElavdE"eaL. (G. 253; H.
720, a, and. 393, rem. a). —rcf-vress (G. 280; H. 799 and 802). The fact
that geuW'yAeea has the gen. apxis depending on it does not invalidate this
construction.- is 6p06v = dp0&is, and expresses manner.
51. &acaLXae: "Dative of the manner. The noun is used with a consciousness of the. verb oaq5ciXXeo-Oa, referring to reeo'6Vre.'Let your restoration of this city be without failure or falling.'" Camp. But Wund.,
"erige civitatem, ut firma stet," making oabaXeXelg a dat. of intent or
purpose.
52. gpvL6O atoCc?: not that (Edipus actually observed the flight of birds
in his solution of the enigma. Cf. 398. The phrase conveys simply the
thought that he was successful in his attempt, since in the ordinary sense
to do anything 5pvtOc aIoTic, was to do it successfully. - KC - aC, as - so.
54. &pELs —KpaEtls: no difference of meaning in these words is intended.
The second is used for the sake of variety. So certain of the editors. But
according to Young, dpxetv means to exercise authority; Kparew,, to possess
or be invested with it.
55. tvv c&vSpcirtv is best considered an adjective element, corresponding
to Kevi s.
56. oeTe (G. 283, 8; H. 843).
57. Without men dwelling together within. There is a seeming redundancy
here of the negative idea. The negative notion of lp4lnos, destitute, i. e. NOT
88 NOTES.
having, is made explicit by the apparently pleonastic niL. The two constructions, t'p'quos civhp&v and dcvp&ov /e6q UvvoLKOlvrwv o- (a gen. abs.), are united
in one. - &vSpcov (G. 180, 1; H. 584, b). -With the sentiment cf. -
Sicinius. What is the city, but the people?
Citizens. True,
The people are the city.
CORIOLANUS, Act III., Scene 1.
So Proverbs xiv., 28.
58. The fatherly address as in 1. - yvcor- - &lyvcWTr: "The ace. for the
gen. after l/eepcu occurs only here." Wolff.
60, 61. VOEitTE, sick both in body and at heart. The word evidently
has a double sense. - Kac Voo-oivlEs, K. T. X., and yet, although ye are sick,
there is not one of you whose grief is equal to mine.- KaL = Katl'o — vo-oovvrEs
modifies the real subject of the sentence, but the construction is changed
from the formal completion of it by ou vooedte ei'iov oiueotl to the more emphatic expression of the text. An anlacoluthon (H. 886). See lexx., &vaKoXkovOcL.
62, 63. For your distress aficts one alone in his own person and none other.
- oV8Siva: governed by ehs.
65. irvmW y' Ei8ovTa: the repetition is emphatic. - vrvy (G. 188, 1;
H. 608).
66. troXX&k: adverbial. — 8aKpavca v'raa: see references on iwo'vEvov in
31.
67. And have journeyed many ways in the wanderings of thought, i. e. have
much considered how we might obtain relief.
68. But what sole cure on careful consideration Ifound, this Iput into execution. - tartv: the noun thrown into the relative clause instead of the
demonstrative, by which ipv becomes adjective (G. 154; H. 809, 3 and a).
69. wraiSm = vl6v.
70. IIV0LKd: let the student here read the article DELPHI in his Dictionary of Geography.
71, 72. rrOoLro (G. 216, 1; H. 739). —Spr'v (G. 226, 1; H. 751).Obs. the use of 6' r and il in the same sentence (G. 149, 2, top of p. 126;
H. 682). -'pura-cqlv (G. 224 and N.; H. 722 and c).
73. The day being already commensurate with the (sc. computed) time (sc. for
his absence) troubles meas to what he is doing. Another construction is possible. Wolff arranges: (5 Kpe'wv) Xvwre? ue, tv/eu1erpo6ueEvov (middle voice)
R/eap (ro6e TrO Ka0'4KOvr', cf. 75) Xp6vy.
74, 75. The use of two different expressions in TO EtdKO'OS irEpac and
irXEIC T00 Ka0OKOVros Xpdvov for the same idea, longer than is necessary, is
emphatic. -- rrWo: sc. Xp6vov,
NOTES. 89
76, 77.'Kyrql (G. 232, 3; H. 758). —.TvLKcV'TD'...0EoS: "IlEdipus, unconscious of what he is saying, by these words imposes upon himself the necessity of investigating a matter, the discovery of which casts him into the
greatest calamity." WUND. <" Many cases of this sort occur in this tragedy, especially in the first part, the double meaning of which the spectators
easily understand, but (Edipus, since he is conscious of no guilt, fails to
discern." DIND. - 1JL SPpv a/v EiqV: the same use of the moods that occurs
in 13.- &1rXot: pres. subj. We should have expected the optat. without
diz here by assimilation (G. 235), since b' &p6h = ei gij ApsP'ev. But while the
optat. accurately expresses the thought of the condition, since the supposition that the speaker will not do must be shown by the form of expression
to be as remote as possible, it would not that of the relative sentence, that
the god will make manifest his wishes, being an hypothesis that under the
circumstances is very likely to be realized, and so to be stated distinctly.
See M. 64, 2, rem. 1. The use of tzKrat in 76, which depends on av hc'v
at once, is the same. Creon's coming is a supposition to be stated distinctly
and vividly.
78, 79. The young eyes of the boys have descried Creon approaching in
the distance, and while (Edipus has been speaking they have informed the
priest of the fact, not by words, but by pointing. This fact, joined to
(Edipus' evident reliance on the oracle, which it is fair to suppose Creon is
bringing, gives the priest hope of speedy deliverance. So he says, eCs KaXbv
eibras and Kpiovra ets KaXOv 7rpoaoTELXoVTa. Not only has (Edipus spoken
at the right moment (eIs KaXOV), but equally at the right moment Creon approaches.
80, 81. {e y/p, K,'T. X., may he come invested with some saving fortune, even
as he is beaming in eye. - T'Xn (o'rTPL: a masculine substantive used adjectively with a feminine noun. To be parsed as an appositive. — U1Lq
(G. 251, 1; H. 721 and a). - SppTL L: the dat. as KcdXUVt in 25.
82. But, as far as we can judge, he brings good news. - dLKo'aL (G. 268,
fifth ex.; H. 772).- K-Cpa (G. 160, 1; H. 549 and a).
83. wroXvr4isl~s: as was the custom in the case of those who, having
consulted the oracle, returned with a joyful answer from the god. -- v
ELdprE (G. 222; H. 746). The protasis is omitted. - Sc4>vqls: the Mediterranean laurel or bay-tree. For the case, see references on hvbppv, in 57.
84. tvPlITPOS, K.'r. X., for he is within hearing distance. - KXELVv (G. 266,
2, N. 1; H. 875, f).
85-88. So anxious is CEdipus to learn what is to be done, that he calls
aloud to Creon, yet at a distance, inquiring what Apollo commands. The
latter, prudently thinking that the oracle should first be considered by
90 NOTES.
(Edipus alone, that the guilty one may not betake himself to flight, answers
evasively, afair one; for I am sure that even the difficulties that beset us, if they
should by chance have good issue, would turn out altogether well. This means to
Creon, that if the effort to discover and punish the murderer of Laius,
difficult because of the length of time that has elapsed since the event,
should be successful, they would be freed from the plague; but to those he
addresses, his answer is as unintelligible as he designed it to be. - -tvao,
used in 85 in the address to Creon, is an honorable title of very extensive
application. - KiSev!ua, relation, for KMqfeor5s, relative (by marriage). —
Creon, coming from abroad, enters the theatre through the left-hand or
eastern parodos, and goes upon the stage. His coming is so timed that he
begins his reply as he ascends its steps. - Xkyw shows that Creon, and not
the oracle, is the authority for the statement. - iEfXdvTTa (G. 279, 2; H.
801). —6TvUXlV (G. 242, 2, and 224; H. 734, c, and 748).
89.'LgrLv, K. 7. X., but the oracle, the ORACLE, tell me what THAT is.
90. oSv emphasizes the antithesis between Opaaos and rpoSeaocs. -.-rTc ye
vOv XoyT, by YOUR saying. - Xo'y/ (G. 188, 1; H. 611).
91-93. Quasi dicat - Do you wtish ALL to hear? And the answer, Yes,
tell all. - ei TOvSe... KXMELV, if you wish these at hand to hear. -r:v6e Xp'yets
KX6Ew,, where in prose we probably should have had ro6ale XpileasL KXetv.
92. E'trEv: see references to G. and H. on tocveV,- in 10. - E e... eor-o:
there is an ellipsis: etre (tX r6w3ve XXp.'ets rX-r1ta~6vraWv KX6etv, 9froet6s elut)
Kal (rT etXeLV Jsw; or more simply for the first part: etre ('-rcXetv a~oJ XPiI
pets,'ros6ts EaL), K. r. X.
93, 94. Es...ctb8ac: OEdipus by this command seals his fate. The oracle
is made public, and the first step taken that leads to, his eventual overthrow. - T?>v8e, K. T. X., for the anxiety that I feel in behalf of these irks me
more than my anxiety for my own life even. To put his life to hazard would
be less a cause of grief to him than the present misery of his subjects.
And how certainly, though unconsciously, was he putting his life to hazard!- 7vSE: scilicet wept. - rkXov te'po, feel more sensibly. -T Irb veos,
my grief. Note the force of the article. - ArrPL (G. 23, 2; H. 102, b).
95. X/yo~' div (G. 226, 2, ad fin.; H. 722, b). - -rrwpca: as 7rpt in 94.
97. X&pas: see refs. on pv0&v in 24.- W-s: to express subjectivity, as
in 11.
99. IroCt KaLa0p1J': sc. idvcyev l u~as EXa6vev.
100. After (Edipus' question, Creon resumes his speech, as if not yet
complete. Accordingly, dvp-lXarovras must be referred to Aexas in 96.
101. cS TOSE& K. T. X., since this is a case of bloodshed troubling the state.Sc. darl. The adj. r66e impugns the construction of a/-am as an ace. abs.
NOTES. 91
a/ac is now mentioned for the first time, and ought therefore to be anarthrous. - The same figure underlies XetLtd~'ov (from xe^'Za, a storm), that
occurs in 23.
102. yap expresses surprise.- - llViE;c: sc. o Me6s.
103. itjjv (G. 184, 4'; H. 598 and a).
104. &irEvOeVELv (G. 274; H. 769).
107.'rovs avCroEvras T'vL&S, the murderers, whoever they may be.
108. o' 8e (G. 143, 1, N. 2; H. 525, (y)).- yis (G. 168, ninth ex.; H.
589, first ex. ). - roSE, this, which we must discover.
112. i'v: "Sometimes in Attic poetry a weak and grammatically unimportant syllable is excluded by a preceding long vowel; this is especially
the case with the augment. This omission of the vowel is called aphmresis
(d&qalpeors)." Kiihner. See also H. 68, D.
113. urvlWCrrTEL: historical present.
114, 115. He went, as he said, to consult the oracle, but never returned.
Creon answers in general terms, not specifying either the place where Laius
was murdered, or the occasion that he had for consulting the oracle, - not
even saying what oracle it was. Here the skill of the poet is seen, for any
one of these might have put (Edipus on the right track. This effect is
increased by the confused account in 122, 123. - asrEo-zriX (H. 706; M.
19, N. 4, (b)).
116, 117. But was there no one to announce the deed, no fellow-traveller who
saw it, whose information could have been used to advantage? - CxppiiacrT' tv:
sc. r.j /a=Oioet. Note the form of this apodosis (G. 222; H. 746), and the
tense of the contrary reality.
118, 119. OviA-O'uWL, they are dead, being equal to TreOv KaC. - CSS TLs:
when this attendant got back to Thebes, all that he could say was that the
king had been set upon by a numerous band of robbers and killed. This
statement, that the robbers were many in number, which in the course of
the action of the play is proved false, for a long time delays the self-conviction of (Edipus. Undoubtedly the attendant was terrified at the crossroads. Well might he be; but still not so badly as actually to magnify
the one man, (Edipus, into a number. His aim in this falsehood was to
shield himself from the charge of cowardice. - Schn. calls attention to the
emphatic connection of 7rX'v es —irXi v ly, meant to show how very remote
the chance of discovering the murderer was. — v (G. 153 and N. 1; H.
808, 1). - Syntax of 9v?
120, 121. o wrotov, what was that? (1. 538, d). - -v itdVpoL, Et XaPoLIpev (G. 224; H. 748). - The order for the English sentence will be either, v ta te6pom wroXX& xaMev, or xuaOesv iv aie6por iroXXc.
92 NOTES.
123. KTcLVEtV (G. 260, 2; H. 717, b).
124, 125. 6 kNrQ9-Is: "The singular referring to the plural may only be
an idiomatic way of speaking, but mlay also be a stroke of art in representing (Edipus as wholly careless about the number of the persons, which
at a later period (842 if.) is his only refuge." CAMP. - Ti1: subject of
erpaioaoero. - givv &pyvipcy Evev8e, with money from here, i. e. bribes sent to
the robbers from Thebes. - odXpqls (G. 168 and N. 1; H. 559, c).
126. AC'tov: limit of apw'yos.
128. Irvpvvt8os: the use of the abstract term is emphatic.
129. M. 95, 2, (a), fourth ex.
130. rOLKLXpOS6S: cf. on 36.
132. It is not an exact expression by which the two adverbs i $wrapXis
and caOLs are connected with HavO, since Taocwqf of 131 had never yet been
brought to light. But the participle i5rdpxwv is sufficiently implied in the
substantive b5rapxes. But I a second time (abOs, entering upon the inquiry)
from the beginning (e brapxis), etc. The subjects of Laius had once begun
an investigation of the causes of his death, but had been obliged to drop
it. (Edipus declares that it shall not only be again begun from the very
start, but that it shall be brought to a successful conclusion.
133. V',: Creon.
134. Have shown this care in behalf of the dead. -'OEoE0e (G. 199, 2; H.
689). The way in which the interest of the twofold subject in the matter
is indicated by the use of the middle is very delicate.
136. ye: as 4;jluf in 39.
137.'rcv &rwTpwo qIXwov: his wife's former husband, whom he said (105)
he had never seen. And yet how closely related he was to this same man!
138. cVirToi (G. 146, N. 2; H. 672, a).
139. TdXk' &v: perhaps (G. 212, N.).
140. "Since GEdipus assumes as a fact the surmise expressed above
(124), he is apprehensive lest the murderer, a political malcontent or one
hired by political opponents, may in like manner with violent hand (107)
take vengeance on him." SCHN. - TOLCLqTn XELP(: " The same hand which
unwittingly slew Laius did, eventually, wreak vengeance on (Edipus by
tearing out his eyes." YOUNG. - 04XOL (G. 226, 2, and 224; H. 722).
142. 6s TAXL-Trc: for Trdxa'ra Us (5iaeroe) (H. 664 and 821). - PM.Opwv
(G. 174; H. 590, b, first ex.).
143. Cf. on 3. - tK[Tpas: cf. on awrqxpl in 81. The two substantives
here are of the same gender.
144. kLXXos: one of his own attendants.
145. / yap, K. T. X.: to the spectators the king's words have a double
NOTES. 93
meaning. The prosperous issue at which he aims - the discovery and punishment of the murderer -will prove to him the direst ruin.
146. CEdipus and Creon go into the palace by the middle door. See
Introduction.
147. watSEs: cf. on 32. Possibly here, as being the oldest, he addresses
all in general as children.- Eo'-<'pEEoOa (G. 253; H. 720, a). For the ending see 32. -X6.pLv (G. 160, 2, sixth ex.; H. 552, tenth ex.).
148. wy'CLyyXX'raL: " Subjective middle.' Which he announces as coming from himself.' "- CAMP.
149, 150. And may Phcebus, he that sent this oracle, come at the same time
both our deliverer and the stayer of the pestilence. - Their request granted,
the suppliants retire into the city by the same way by which they had
entered.
151-215. The parodos. ANALYSIS: An eager inquiry as to the nature
of the command with which Creon had returned, addressed to the Oracle
itself (Op3as); great anxiety on the part of the Chorus in regard to what it
will enjoin upon the city (Xpeos); it is besought to disclose itself (4cMIua);
Athene, Artemis, and Phcebus severally invoked to appear in defence of
the state (auol), and to come again to her aid as they have done in times
past (vsv); the general ground of this petition given to be immediately explained at length (aXVeerat); namely, the fruits of the earth wither and
the women perish in child-birth (yvuvaiKes); the dead are speeding like wellfledged birds to the realms of night, leaving the city desolate (6XXvrat);
death-bringing corpses strew the plain ('EoLKrcos); bereaved wives and
hoary-haired mothers wail at the altar's base (iwrre,,4xouva, ); the voice of
lamentation mingles with the hymn for help (iceavXos): to relieve all this
woe the oracle is implored to send help (aXKavd), and drive the plague into
the sea for his destruction (KX6bwva), since day destroys what night spares
(gpXerat); Jove is besought to blast him with his bolt (Kepavu); glad would
be the sight of Apollo's arrows showered forth to protect the city (7rpooTaXOPTra), and of the bright torches of Artemis (&dtaoe0); Bacchus too is
invoked to draw near with his train and flash death upon this god unhonored among gods (Oe6v).
151 sq. 0 sweetly speaking Oracle of Jove, of what purport, pray, art thou
come from Pytho rich in gold to illustrious Thebes? - The CHORUS, representing the Kdciouv Xa6o of 144, now enters the orchestra from the city. - For
QSve-rrs, Ir&s, kpas, and many such cases hereafter in the choric parts,
G. 30, 1; H. 24, D, b. - 4M-L: the voice of Zeus is personified and addressed. The oracle comes through Apollo, but its original source is the
father of all things, Jupiter. The Chorus has evidently heard of Creon's
94 NOTES.
return. - rCs stands in the predicate to {#as. — rroXvXp'ra-ov: the immense
riches stored away in the temple at Delphi have been the subject of remark ever since even Homer's day.
153. EKE&aCLJaL, K. r. X.: "' I lie outstretched, my timorous heart quak.
ing with dread.' The uses of IKTr&'aL/t favor this punctuation. "- CAMP.
The commoner punctuation is to put the comma after <piba in place of
EKrT&ag/a: I am distracted in mind, shaking with fiight. In either case
Ope'a is an ace. of respect. -" In dramatic poetry a cHoRvs is commonly treated as an individual, the Coryphaus being regarded as speaking
and acting for the whole body; so that the singular is often used in reference to it." HADLEY, 519, a. — 4oepaiv, timentem. —SetpacTL sri'XXov:
davi Too 7raXX6fLEoe 06f3&,,yWvtwiv. SCHOL.
154. Apollo is now himself addressed, but interjectionally. So the
Schol.: &v ry cEra~- TrorTo. - tIie: derived from the cry ~1, with which
the god was invoked. - AcXLE: Apollo was born in Delos.
155 sqq. - &il4 (rot &ho6Evos, tC ForL cavro'ELS XpEos, in holy dread of
thee as to what destined thing thou wilt accomplish for me. - aoC: its antecedent is bCret. - veov is used adjectively. On the other hand the word in
corresponding relation is the adverb rcidXt, which in prose would have
been connected with Xpeos by means of some participle, say /awv,6erov.
So that rrEplrfEXXoU'vacLS....-r4Xv means again appearing in the course of time.
The Schol., however, construes differently: T1 poLt 0 VOY X pjuer& Xp6vop Wvvets. In accordance with this the lines have been freely translated:
Daughter of hope, fair child of light,
What great events in time's dark womb concealed,
Are now emerging to our sight;
Or wait the circling hours to be revealed?- MAURICE.
— patL (G. 189; H. 613).
158. i-Kvov'EXrkwios: because those who consulted the oracle always
hoped for the best. So in 151 the oracle is called hAveirls, though the
Chorus as yet knows nothing at all of its import. — &/LpporE: because
from Jupiter, first of the immortals. The student will notice throughout
this drama, and especially in the present chorus, that the tendency to repeat a word once used, in a different connection, and even with a different
meaning, a practice not allowed in modern languages, seems to have been
unusually strong in Sophocles.
159. KEKX0tLEVOS: cf. a corresponding irregularity in 60, 61. In regular
construction with the participle one expects Xlaao/kat rpooavval;xot in 163.
In its excitement the Chorus changes the form of expression and breaks
into the exclamation i', K. r. X.- The three divinities here invoked,
NOTES. 95
Athene, Artemis, and Apollo, are doubtless those whose altars stood before
the palace, upon the steps of which the three classes of suppliants had sat.
160. YCaLOoXOV= 7roXLoxov. SCHOL.
161. KVKXOEVTi'yOpLs OpOvov= KvKXoEf'oT27S iyop&s Opp6vo, according to a
not infrequent custom of the poets of joining the adjective belonging to
one noun with another immediately connected with it. See lexx., u7raXXaeyh, II. The forum was of circular shape. But Neue takes KvKX6evra
at once with Op6vov and interprets it vroXXoks KVKXObS (choruses of dancers)
lXovra. - &yopas (G. 179, 2; H. 590, a). - *EiKXiea: a shortened form for
etKX6ea, evSXeac. The throne or pedestal is called so because the goddess is
there celebrated.
164 sqq. If ever in the case of a former calamity also rising against the
state ye put the flame of mischief out of the way, come now as well. But in the
place of iTprep governing the gen. iTras we may read b7rep (adverb), or, e con.
jectura Musgravii, in one word, &7repopvvkyevas, though this word occurs no.
where else. iras then is a gen. abs., if ever, formerly also calamity impending, to the city's weal ye extinguished, etc., 7r6kXe being a dat. com. with
)vcriar' Kro7rlav. According to the first construction 7r6Xec is a dat. inconm.
with 6pvv/e'vas. Writh 7iTas iTrep, because of calamity, to avert calamity, cf.
v PiTrep in 188. - itLas: the presence of 7roTr shows that a specific reference to the case of the Sphinx is not intended.
166. EKTocLav (G. 166; H. 556).
169, 170. vooe e 8' polL wrpowras rro'Xos, my whole people is sick, the entire
population is sick on my hands. - ~povwTsos ~yXos, weapon (= device) of
thought, i. e. a means of defence gained by a careful consideration of their
present exigency.
171. a&X4eIcL: future. See 538, 539.
172-174. A third divine judgment is mentioned in 26. Cf. Deut..
xxviii., 18. — TOKOLcrLV, in the hour of birth; cf. on TrKOTIVW, K. r. X., in 26.
-- qltcv, accompanied by cries, grievous, from the noun 1i-, Ionic for'IA', a
cry. - &ve'XovorL, recover, find relief.
175 sqq. But thou couldst see one speeding close upon another as a wdllwinged bird more swifily than irresistible fire to the shore of the evening god.
AiXX: as Swtopioa in 16.
177. &KT&v: because the river Acheron flows around Hades.
178. o-rrrepov OEou: Pluto, whose realms according to the Homeric belief
were at the western extremity of the world, where the sun sets.- -rpos
governs the accusative that precedes it, on which the adnominal genitive
of possession, OeoD, depends.
179. In countless numbers of whom the city is perishing.- x v (G. 180, N. 1;
96 NOTES.
H. 584, b). - Schneid. notes the striking similarity of the first part of the
strophe and antistrophe.
181. Oavarafopa: rendered so by contagion and putrefaction. Such
numbers die that many remain unburned.
182. &vo(KTIoS, with none to pity.
183. tv, among them. Used adverbially. Cf. 27. So Irtl following. -
wroXLaci, K. T. X., and hoary-headed mothers withal.
184. CLKT&LV rapa pibLov, along the altar's slope. The altar was on raised
ground, so that there would be an ascent, like that of a sea-shore, in reaching it.- zrapa: when an oxytone preposition of two syllables stands between the noun it governs and an adj. modifying this noun, it does not
suffer anastrophe.
185. &XXo0Ev MtXmaL, some from one place, some from another. Their
lamentation rises from different places in the vicinity of the altar.
nro'vov: to be construed with edrzo'revxo vo-',. See the references on 7rpoOvdulas in 48.
187. rraCLLv, K. T. X., and the pecan sounds forth clear, but blended with the
voice of woe. See 5. - Xk&lrL: the metaphor doubtless suggested by the
circumstances. Cf. the note on qXyet in 192 and the following:" His beams shall cheer my breast; and both so twine,
Till even his beams sing, and my music shine."
- yijpvS is in the feminine gender.
188. av refers not to persons, but to the woes which have been detailed.
- -OeyaEp: the oracle, as in 158.
190. "ApEa: " The pestilence is called Ares because both are 8poroXotyol;
but to mark him as distinct from the actual god of war, the poet adds, diaXKOS davicwV. "- SCHNEI). The plague was less distinctly called Oe6s in 27.
191. iLXaXKos o'rr8wov, unarmed with brazen shield. The genitive as ov
in 179.
192. cX~yEL Ise: lit. burns me. The funeral pyres lighted by the plague
burn throughout the city, and so the idea of fire, devouring and destructive, is constantly present to the mind of the speaker. Cf. the use of X57cya
in 166, iruph6 in 177, and cLaXep6v, the Homeric epithet of fire, in 190. It
will be understood, however, that when the Chorus says of the plague,
SXiyeL ILe, it does not of course refer to any physical effect of either fire or
fever on itself, but uses the word in a tropical sense, consumes me. See lexx.,
Xeyw, A, 2. - 1repL6c/rTos: having called the plague Ares, the poet is
easily able to employ a term, which, although eminently fitting to the god
of war as delighting in tumult and confusion and advancing against his
NOTES. 97
enemies with loud outcry, is not applicable to the pestilence itself. There
is more or less reference, however, in this word to the cries and lamentations
occasioned by the plague, giving the word a causative meaning, spreading
lamentation around. - VTLQ'tLOV: in the hostile sense, confronting.
193 sqq. "ApE4 Ti TO'V aXEpbov raXrCTo'urov, K. T'. X., and force ravening
War to turn back his course in backward hurrying flight from the borders of nmy
fatherland. The accumulation of words of the same signification is highly
intensive. Cf. 430, 431. -vow r-wra: governed by the notion of causing
involved in 7rdtWov in 189. It is trans. with 5papduyta as ace. obj. —
XraXICorovTov: lit. rushing hurriedly back (G. 138, N. 7; H. 488, rem. c).
An ace. masc.
195. 0ikaalcov'A4v-rpiTras: the Atlantic Ocean. The pestilence is to
be driven for its destruction into the depths of the Atlantic or the Euxine.
196. 6p4lov: the entire land-locked sea is called a harbor.
198, 199. ZXel, K. I, X., for'if night at her close leave aught, this day
assails. -'rEXEL: poetic use of the dat. of time without iv. So the Schol.,
who paraphrases 6rln r4 iavres TAXeL. - -E (G. 223, N. 2; H. 747, b).
200. ro'v: the plague. The article used as the relative. - crTpa7rw&v
(G. 39, Gen. Plur.; H. 128, D, c). So'Tv for rTdv.
201. Kpcit VEIIov, who hast power over, who controllest.
202. irwd: " Since the thunder-bolt is shot down from above. Otherwise the poet would have been able to use dr6 by tmesis for a&r6o850ovp oa~
Kepauv'" -- DIND.
203, 204. A41KEL' &vac: Apollo. -XpvtrocrrpdpOV wrr' &yKvXav, from thy
bow-string of twisted gold. Plural for singular as in 496, 779, 1095, and elsewhere in this play.
205. &s8a6wra, notwithstanding its position, which makes it emphatic,
is here used attributively. - vsaEcL -0aCL: to be taken passively, to be sent
forth, to be showered (H. 694, c). So the Schol.: 30ovXolpuAv i Ka l Tar
e3iXq, k "A7roXXov, r& a ti/caora KaCra KTauepl-eaaa els ardSv, Kali h's Xa/L7racas'Aprfeluteos.
206. &pwy&:' predicate adj. to the following participle.
208. acyXas: a case of zeugma (H. 882).
209. Xpro'krlpavcv: the luxuriant locks of Bacchus were bound up in a
golden head-band. - Some time in the course of this last antistrophe iEdipus appears again upon the stage through the middle door of the palace,
but alone. He pauses as he comes to hear the last words of the Chorus.
210. Errcvv[lov y&s, named after this land. He was called OVfPanos. -
y&s: a gen. of connection (H. 587, d).
211. oivrwa, his face flu.shed with wine.
98 NOTES.
212. bp.moroXov, accompanied by, with.
213 sqq. irEXcarOfvacL, K. 7. X., to approach blazing with his beaming torch
as our ally against the god dishonored among gods.
215. rbov &rowTLJov 0ov: i. e. Tv XoOzv'P. - SCHOL.
216-218. &: the antecedent of the relative is at first vague. But as
the sentence proceeds the expression of the: thought becomes more accurate
and &XKiv and &vaKodi~L0rLV are made the objects of Xk&Lots.- -O8ks (G.
227, 1; H. 750; M. 54, 1, (b)). -- tirnIperetv, to obey the requirements of.
219 sq. ay&: the antecedent of the relative is e7r- in 216. - te'vos IJv,
K. T'. X., ignorant formerly as well of this report of the murder of Laius as of
the deed itself: So the Schol.: o0K dKcKO&ab 7rpoTepov 7rept TOO 06vov you
Aaoiv, oS XcvtM KaO' 6v Xp6vov ewrpcdXOq 6 c 06vos rapcv. - Xoyov (G. 180, 1,
and 171, 2; H. 584, c).- The Chorus as yet being ignorant of what has
been done to-day, so far, CEdipus proposes to bring the matter before them.
When he speaks of himself as ~TvoT TOO X6yov and Sevos roO 7rpaxdv'ros he
does not mean to protest his innocence, for he had as yet not the faintest
suspicion of the fact that he was the murderer. He means as he says,
that until to-day he has never been made acquainted with the particulars
of the murder. Cf. his inquiries in 112 sqq. Of the fact of the murder
he may have known, but not its details. This certainly is improbable;
but the improbability is external to the action of the play, and must be
overlooked in favor of the poet. At 112 sqq. the dramatic interest
demands that the particulars of the death of Laius shall be brought out
before the spectators.
220, 221. yip, to be taken with gEpc3, explains why he is so explicit
with them, he needs assistance: for, since I have no clew at all, I should not,
restricted to myself (aSr6s), be getting far into the matter. ar6os. here takes the
place of the suppressed condition, el f irs qyb6opevuov Riv, and 9Xwv is used
as 6&Kat&v in 6. The Laur. MS., however, reads here aTSr6,, 7 oiK, where
avcr6 refers to the murder, ibj OLK is used as in 13, and S/6gpo\ov is to be:yeferredl to the oracle which Creon had brought. So the Schol. interprets:
w3'y&p &v tGr;,'ru'bIVro s wov TroO Xp6hvou ^ ro e7Tari dvePNrovv (investigate) rb
wip,7gYMa, el,urye.6'etI KaTaCX'1i6/lePvos. Here tull otK XwPcv=ei T dXov,, and
ycap may be translated though.
222. sE', so then, resumes 219 after the explanatory parenthesis. The
clause beginning with Voorepos must stand in connection with vOv: so then I
now make proclamation, (and I do it Now, for when formerly the matter of this
murder was before you I had not yet been enrolled among your citizens), etc.TEX1<: see lexx., II., 3, and cf. its use in 232.
223. laptv rw&a KaSlsCoLS: he addresses the Chorus.
NOTES. 99
224. Ai'dov: a case of prolepsis. The noun, which is properly the subject of g&bXero, has been transferred from the dependent to the principal
sentence with change of case. Cf. -
Let my intrusion here be called my duty,
That come to see my sovereign how he fares..
Old Play of Edward III., Act II., Scene 1, quoted by Boyes.
-,rdv (G. 141, N. 4;* H. 509, b, (P)).
227, 228. And if he fears (as is shown by his) having withheld (or suppressed) the self-accusation, (nevertheless let him now declare all). Sc. r-Lqa&VTrw. The eagerness of CEdipus makes the ellipsis extremely natural.
avrbgs KaO' aTro0 depends partly on the verbal notion implied in &ri1KXrLega,
(though the ordinary prose construction would be roTcKaXe? airbos avrco),
and partly on,atea,,IrcJ to be supplied. In the first case avrbos KaO' a-Tro
is a compound adjective phrase modifying the noun e7r1KXqrca. Cf. the
English translation. In the second it is to be divided, aver6s being construed with the subject of oaW-acLVTrW, and the adverbial phrase KaO' aiTroU
modifying that verb itself. These verses have been variously interpreted.
230. e &iXXqs xOovds is to be taken in connection both with?1s and
&iXov. That the murderer was a foreigner is possible, since Laius was
killed beyond the borders. In this case the partaker of his secret would in
all likelihood also be a foreigner.
232. AEXe: Attic future. In 222 it is a present.
233. Antithesis to 224 sqq. - tXkov: as 7rpodvluias in 48.
234. &'rr'xEr'roriwos, shall refuse to give information, ro7-rOs itself being
the edict of the king.- tkXoV - caroi): the cases are here cited in inverse
order. Cf. 228 and 230.
235. cK.&VSE, postea. —ipoi (G. 171, N. 1; H. 576, a). — Profound
silence and feeling throughout the theatre as the ill-fated king in the following verses lays his commands, so dire to himself, in solemn tones upon
his people.
236. robv &vSpoa'rorov: the murderer. - ils depends on rTiV by the
principle which governs avSpov in 33.'rLvd is the subject of the infinitives, WvSpa their object.
238. IJiiE (G. 283, 6; H. 838). —Sa-84XEcL0aL: supply els ot'kovr from
241.
240. KOLVbV wrOLEt0ieLt, to make him an associate.- XE'VLpos vELEWv (G.
170, 2; H. 574, a). Those who were to take part in sacrifice were beforehand sprinkled with consecrated water. Here equivalent to admitting
one into the religious fellowship of the family.
100 NOTES.
241. UeiEv: dependent on aSdw& understood from i7ravu&w in 236.F[LLio-?TOS: cf. 97.
244. pJEv: its correlative is in 252. — v", Sa4ovL: Apollo. Cf. 136 and
253.
246.'r'v 8EspcKdOTa. is the subject of,KTpi/ac. The subject is resumed
for the sake of precision after the two interposed clauses in the pronoun
249..7rEvxo!ta;L: sc. 4elavTr. This imprecation shows how terribly in
earnest he is.
250. et y4vovro (M. 54, 2, (a)). This protasis depends on the infinitive
7raOei,, which would naturally have had i&va yep-vTaL for its apodosis.
251. rcraOEtv: sc. c/i. — T'ot<r-E: the guilty ones, the murderers. We
must look for the antecedent in 246, 247, where it is evident that (Edipus
had not yet determined whether the murder had been done by one man
or by a number, as he was told in 107 and 122. For the time being the
latter seemed the more probable, and so the pronoun is in the plural. In
like manner when atrep is put in the plural the reference is not alone to the
single curse in 248, but also to the terrible consequences which would follow
obedience on the part of his people to the commands laid on them by the
king in 238-241. If CEdipus consciously concealed the murderer, well
might he imprecate on himself just the curses he had imprecated on him,
for in that case he becomes his abettor. The apparently careless way in
which the murderer is mentioned, sometimes as one person and again as a
number, greatly enhances the effect hereafter when just this point becomes
to CEdipus one of vital importance. See 842 sqq., and the note on 124.
253. w7rap uPavUroig: cf. 137-141.
254. " Ruined with sterility and the frown of Heaven." — CAMP. With
dKip7rws, cf. 25 and 171, 172.
255, 256. For not even if the inquisition were not ordered by Apollo, was it
right that you should have let this murder go thus unpunished (G. 222 and N. 2;
H. 746 and b). The protasis refers to present time, the apodosis to past.
See here M. 49, 2, rem., (a).
257-269. "Every line calls attention to the real position of (Edipus, of
which he is profoundly unconscious. Note esp. (1) 566OTropov, cf. 1. 460;
(2) Ko0l&JV iraioyv; (3) el KeiRtP yevos pX'3vo-r'Xro-er (CEdipus says this in
ignorance of Laius having had a child, but he unwittingly expresses the
fact of his own misfortune); (4) 1. 263, which points to the curse pursuing
Laius and his offspring; (5) the words W'-7repelt ro/aoO 7rarp6S. The effect
of all this on the spectators may be imagined. Yet every word is suitable
to the apparent situation and to the generous character of (Edipus." —
CI. P
NOTES. 101
258. Note the anacoluthon found in 258 sqq., by which the subordinate
sentence wrrel... bo'do-wopov, after the two declarative sentences in 261 - 263,
suggested by 616aoropov, have been thrown in parenthetically, is made dependent not on an independent member, as would be legitimate, but on
the relative sentence, avO' Ov, K. r. X.
258, 259. Kvp lXO xv (H. 801; M. 112, 2).
260. yvvcLat' 1po'o-a'ropov: sensation throughout the theatre. — 61adcropov = b7r' daf ov T7retpopfdvlv.
261, 262. There is a vagueness of expression here which is increased by
the tautology, KOLV6V- KOLV6. The meaning, however, is clear: there would
be a family of common children, i. e. his children and mine would now be
associating as half brothers and sisters. Kotvd is a singular use of the
neuter plural to express the same idea that is conveyed by KOLVWV 7rai&Lv.
Literally: and (his) children, kindred to (my) kindred children, would have been
born from her (;K). KOzV6S, kindred, having a common mother, followed by a
genitive of connection. More precisely: and, had not offspring failed him,
children would have been born to him from her akin to my children, akin to his.
263. Kpclva: ace. See lexx. - vIkXaTo: fr. eivaXXogat.
264, 265. y /bE a&S rE Jp[laXou1Lca, I will fight this battle for him. - &ve'
Wv, for which things' sake. —'r&E (G. 159, N. 2; H. 547, c). -- arpo's
(G. 177; H. 583). He says, ias IF for his own father! - -irl 7rcrwT' ALtcSoICaU, will resort to every expedient, will use all possible means.
266.'rbv ai'r6xaipo, the perpetrator.
267. A[38aKELp: the adj. is logically equivalent to the following genitives. - -raLSt: as?yz't in 39.
268. For the pedigree of Laius see note on 1. Agenor was the father
of Cadmus. - wpdorOe - rrkcLL: cf. 7rdXat in 1.
269, 270. rots [LA SpoprLv: those not willing to aid him in his search
(qTCvD, 266). The words stand grammatically in connection with azdyCva.
- eovs would properly be Oeois after e6Xotzal (G. 184, 2; H. 595, b), but
is made the subject of cid'vat. - &poTov: note the accent and see lexx.CwdVotiS as avt in 248. See note on 246.
271. obv is continuative. For the sentiment cf. note on 172-174.
272. 4EcpcEtZO-aL (M. 27, note 2 and (a)).
273. Cf. on 223.
276. As thou hast bound me by a curse.
278, 279. Order: etirei bU'r6e rb'Nr-ya (this question), o-rtp erpyao-ral
7roTre, iV 4otlouv, roi 7rITpi/avrov (Tr'v Q5sav,, 86).- - oLfpou (G. 169, 1; H.
572, e).
280. gXcgas: "Interlocutors, in referring to the words of the last
102 NOTES.
speaker, use the aorist, where in English the present would be used."
JONES.- &XXd, K. T. X.: he speaks from experience. Cf. 789.
281. 0eeXo-tv (G. 232, 3; H. 757). The apod. is C&vayK&o-aL, to compel
the gods to what they may not wish (= /ev AL OXowarv). — o48' &v EIs &v Ip, NO
man (G. 77, 1, N. 2; H. 255). - &v svacrTo (G. 226, 2; H. 722, a).
283. Kai emphasizes rppira. — The text, i9OL, makes rpira subject, if
there is even a third point. The accent dcC, the common reading, makes
7pirta a predicate, if the things you have in mind are even less important, third
in rank. — rrmtps: from 7rap/&xtu. - —'b ph O4 cpora' (G. 263, 2, and ad
fin.; H. 847, a, second ex.; M. 95, 3, next to last ex.).
284-286. Notice the triple application of lvat. - dVaKrL (G. 186; H.
603). - bplwvrc (G. 280; H. 799).- pFCtLrTMa: modifies 6p vra. - orKowr6v:
conditional. See lexx., -Kol7rew, I., 4.
287. Iv &pyois= aip7ys. Schol. Min. — Note the force of the mid.
voice.
288. KPOv'TOS Eird6vtros: see 555. Creon gave (Edipus this advice after
they entered the palace together at 146. - S-LrwXos: (Edipus first sent one
attendant after Tiresias, and then in his impatience a second.
289. I'h nrappv=-elt = ll 7rcipeart, the regular construction with. Oavgdc6p
(G. 228). See also lexx., Oavci dw, I., 6, a, and II., 1: A, IV., and B.
This justifies the use of eL5.
290-292. While they wait for Tiresias the Chorus, emboldened by
(Edipus' injunction in 283, says that there is another matter which occurs
to it (r& rpiTa), namely, reports abroad immediately after the death of
Laius that he had been killed by robbers, which reports, however, it supposes now to have been forgotten. Line 290 is spoken meditatively. The
Chorus is acquainted with the action of the play only from 151 on, and does
not know that this same old (7raXatd) report was revived by Creon in 122,
123.- OavEtv (G. 260, 2; H. 717, b). The form of the verb in the orat.
rect. was 0avev. -o6SoLr'powv: Creon called them (122) XiTa-a'. So Jocasta
in 716.
293. (Edipus refers to what he had learned from Creon. He adds that
the only eye-witness of the deed (the servant that escaped, 118) is not immediately at hand (6pi). He does not send for this servant at this point
because of his momentary expectation of Tiresias, by whom he hopes the
whole matter will be cleared up. When he consulted with Creon within
the palace, doubtless the plan of summoning the servant suggested itself,
but was abandoned for the better one of sending for Tiresias.
294. lpv Si: see lexx., gev, B, I., 3; II., 4.- -XEL: not the servant,
but the murderer. Note the number.
NOTES. 103
295. The Chorus expects a confession. - uEVEtr: b7rojueve?.
296. c p4'crTL (G. 231 and 232, 1; H. 761). The antecedent of g is
the object of fopoe.
297. oieteXOEywxv: the present tense expresses certainly, he is as good as
discovered, for the seer is here. Literally: there is one who convicts him. ot$eXVYXOv is the reading of Cod. Laur. The future ob'eXie5ywv occurs. -oM8$E:
the two attendants whom (Edipus had sent after Tiresias (288), and the
boy that was the blind seer's ordinary guide (444).
300 sqq. "The eloquent description of the high endowments with which
Tiresias as a seer is gifted makes the ensuing disunion and altercation stand
out in more startling contrast, where CEdipus is led to doubt first the goodwill, then the power of the seer to help." SCHN. — oZCv: see lexx.,
vwLxiw, II., 3. - SLacKr4, what may be learned, knowledge. - lppqra, myste.
ries. - Led by the hand of his boy-attendant, the white-haired and blind
old prophet here slowly ascends the stage.
302. 7ro'XLv: as Aacov in 224. - Et Kct, although (H. 874, 1, ex. and 874,
2, a). - SE' (G. 227, 2; H. 862, b).
303.'s: its antecedent is 7r6Xv.
304. Ilovvov: Ionic form. See lexx., P6vos.
305. Kal gives a slight emphasis to the following words, indeed.- KXaELS
(H. 698; M. 10, N. 5).
307 sqq. &v EX0Etv —EtL K'TE(VCtILEV Y {K:rEI+aCiEOCa (G. 224 and 246 with
N.; H. 748 and 734, c). -,o'vlv: this is the only method of deliverance.
308, 309. Cf. 101.
310. SE' slightly contrasts cr, with'Iot[os; oSv draws the inference that
since the god has done so much, the seer, as his ally, should also aid the
distressed about himself. - -Ooviacras: see lexx., q0ovto, II., 2: 3. - - s'
oitoviv: see on 55.
311. i8dv: see lexx., III., 1.
313. The construction of the two clauses in 312 is carried on into this,
where we should have expected tro judoyltaros. The use of AWo=ac here is
parallel to that of eKXL5W in 35.
314, 315. er-.Ev: as the verb subs. etclt retains its accent in all persons. - &vSpa has here a pronominal use. The infinitive of which it is the
subject is itself the subject of the copula that is to be supplied, of which the
predicate is KCdXXLTOS (7r6vos). - &l,' 6V'XO, K. r. X.: we should expect
d4q' (v &v rXeq re Kat U6'qrrac KaXXLSTOT 7r6vwV (o-rie). See H. 760, d; M. 63,
4, (b).- "IXOL refers to outward means, 8ivarTo to inward, mental resources." - SCHN.
316. Tiresias says this rather to himself, in a low, distressed voice, and
with his head partly averted. - XIq Xk1iS = XVLTreXj.. SCHOL.
104 NOTES.
317. X4n (G. 234 and 225, ad fin.; H. 759). Cf. ad7,f in 198. — Taraa:
its antecedent is the preceding sentence. The prophet came, not knowing
the recent course of events at the palace, and not stopping to consider for
what purpose his king had summoned him.
318. 8L&Xeroa, I altogether forgot it. - OUK &v IKo'jlqV: sc. eL' A UAX\eo-a.
319. TL S' 9-TLv, what ails thee? Note the accent of fe-aY. The interrogation-point might be carried to the end of the line: what is the matter, why
is it, how comes it, that thou hast come despondent?
320. Note the inversion, Tb cr-ov - o-V: y- To!ov. - r-6: sc. dXoS.
321. 8LoCo-e (G. 135, K. 1; H. 511, h). From ~&adfpp. - wLOii: referring to a/pes, 320.
322. Erra: cf. note on 280.
323. &;LV: see 310.
324. With reference to what CEdipus had said in 305-315, as well as to
his last words.
325. raVo'Trdv (G. 79, 2, N.; H. 234). - rc48o (G. 216, 1; H. 739).The seer half turns to leave.
326, 327. (Edipus excitedly interrupts him: in the name of heaven, when
thou knowest (the truth), turn not thysef away firom us, seeing we all as suppliants
here beseech thee! - 4povdiv ye: the participle could be made conditionali
if at least you understand the matter.
327, 328. Note the emphatic place of wlrVTES in each verse.
328, 329. But I will never reveal what I know, (and this is my motive),
that I may not tell the evil plight in which thou art. The order is: 7yc& $' o0
JroTe eKc/nvc Trae5 cbs av S dE17W /X i T0 Ta KaeKi. - oE m1 CKjiJVO (G. 257;
H. 845; M. 89, 1). - &v e'iro (G. 216, N. 2; H. 741).
330, 331. (Edipus questions with surprise and rising indignation.
332. ra9rTa: see references on rdie, 264.
333. rT... 4-yXELs: " The seer pauses and then speaks with compassionate earnestness." MITCH. - dXXoS, to no purpose. - av wiOoioo: see the
references on X.yost a, in 95.
334. He faces the prophet in a passion.
334, 335. 0v wripov vrav a y' 6pyyvetcLs: compare —
And put a tongue
In every wound of Caesar, that should move
The stones of Rome to rise and mutiny.
JULIUS CaSAR, Act III., Scene 2.
— opyaveLas (G. 116, N. 1; H. 349, rem. b).
336. TLEYK~To KcsTEXEV''rTos, hard-hearted and impracticable.- PavEt (G.
114, 2, N. 1; H. 363, remn. a).
NOTES. 105
337. opyiv: see lexx., the two meanings. - ep1iJ[: cf. on 280. -.rhv -i/v: referring in fact to 6p/yrv, but capable of being interpreted of
Jocasta, in which case the added words o5/ouz valovoav are especially significant. (Edipus of course does not see this covert reference.
338. kXX' E1l AiysLs: emphatically repeating the first part of the preceding line.
339. 6v- - v (G. 212, 2; H. 873, a).
340. IL (G. 159, N. 4; H. 555). This is not the proper correlative of
roCa7ira, which would be ora. There is an ellipsis: hearing such words (as
these are), which thou speukest in dishonor of the city.
341. For these things will of themselves (aMtbT= aucr6ouaTa: SCHOL.) meet their
accomplishment.
342. That we may arrive at a definite settlement of the matter with as
little delay as possible. - KtLC: construe with Xeyev. - The reading OZKOVV..4.!oC; is perhaps preferable.
343. &v cp oCalL: cf. with tav wroto in 333. —rrpo's: see lexx., C, III.,
2; C, III., 3.
344. Y'rLs &YPLorCLTIr (borrCv) = =ayptorrfrTs.
345, 346. And indeed I will in my anger pass over nothing of what I know.
When CEdipus declares in great passion that he knows that the prophet
was accessory to Laius' death, his complete and lamentable ignorance is
brought into bold relief. - Ws opyijs'Xw: literally, as (not thus) of anger
I have (myself), i. e. in the condition of anger in which I am (G. 168, N. 3; H.
589, fifth ex. fr. the last). -8SoKcV: as hpivCera in 284.
347, 348. Kat, even, throws its force on both infinitives. Schn., among
others, says, "not in correlation with ri."- -EVlT-?VCaL: see 124. -
56ov, K. Tr. X., except sofar as killing him with your own hand.
350. Terribly angered at the charge made against him, the prophet loses
self-control and speaks the awful truth. - &XlOes, indeed? Note the accent
and see lexx., III., 2.- KqlpSvyLarL: see 224-275. It was only by his more
than human power that Tiresias had any knowledge of this proclamation. And yet CEdipus, in his passion, quite overlooks this so significant
fact.
351. arrmp (G. 153; H. 808, 2). - rl+veWLV, abide by.
352. Cf. 238.
353. dVTL agrees with otl understood, the object of evvrco. - IJLdropL:
cf. 241.
355. rroO: see lexx., II.: I., 2. - -roT-o: i. e. s56e Trb Airia, the charge
itself, though the punishment for it is meant. — eVSgEo-0cL, thou wilt
escape.
106 NOTES.
356.,&XqOe's, K. r. X.,for I have in my bosom truth in its might, i. e. what I
have affirmed is true.
357. By whom hast thou been taught truth? Thou certainly didst never learn
it from thine art.
358. wrpbs croi: se. ra'X-q0s &axOels. When the sentence is completed
in this way from what precedes, as if it is completed must evidently be
done, the statement is not correct in fact, since the prophet was far from
having been taught the particular truth in question by the king. Aside
from the purposes of grammar, however, it is not necessary to press the
sentence too closely, uttered as it was in the heat of altercation. In the
mind of the speaker the instigation to speak is the chief idea, and what he
means by these two words is explained by what immediately follows.
359. o'yov: observe that a pronoun referring to this word is to be supplied as the direct object of each of the verbs in this and the two following
lines, with the exception of &K'IELp~.
360. ~'KwrELp k Xoyc, or are you trying me in talk?
361. The answer is to the former question. -- wetv (G. 266, 1; H.
770).
362. Ordo: qbnlt ae Kvpeiv (AEra) qovea c Vprcbpos oi (;ovla)'7Trel. See
references on 258, 259, and lexx., KvpEw, II., 3. Or /iove'a predicate to ei'va
understood and KVpeti transitive, its object being povea to be supplied, of
which oi will be the limit.
363. irqiuovcs = Xotloplas. - XcLpov, with impunity.
364. Erwco (G. 256; H. 720, c). - opyia: with reference to 335 and 345.
The human side of the prophet is coming out strongly.
365. Spoken with assumed indifference. — yE: see lexx., II., 2; A, I., 4,
ad fin. -!F'rrv, in vain, without effect. - Etpoar-eTa'c: fut. perf. of apw.
366, 367. XkeXqeivaL 61LLXoVTC, hast unwittingly associated (G. 279, 2; H.
801). - c4LXrC'roLs: the reference is to his wife. The use of the mas. plur.
designedly obscures the relationship. (Edipus had as yet no thought that
his wife was also his mother. - KaKo: as yiAs in 108.
368. -yy/~qOds: cf. the use of Xalpwv in 363.
369. Yes, at least if there is any power in truth. Cf. 356.
371. Notice the remarkable assonance of letters and syllables in this
line, and cf. 425. There is a line in Cicero quoted from the Annals of
Ennius:
O Tite, tute, Tati, tibi tanta, tyranne, tulisti.
- Ta (G. 160, 1; H. 549, a, third ex.).
372, 373. IL: obj. of'vet&e?. Eng. order: 4 (gSoTv) oiets TWv&e 8s oxt
T&Xa ovrecacet o01.
NOTES. 107
374. YoU live in per2petual night, referring to his blindness.
375. PX6LcLL tv: if the metre and negative had allowed, we might have
had here the opt. mood, pXcdectas td. See MA. 41, N. 4.
376. E1,ov: emphatic, contrasted with'Aro6Xwv.
377. &SEe: i. e. er6 roe 7reOeTc.
378. When the prophet openly accused CEdipus of being the murderer
of Laius, the king could come to but one conclusion, that the seer, for purposes of his own, was deliberately falsifying. And how certain he must
have felt of this! His active mind immediately jumps to the idea of a
conspiracy. But it was not until the name of Apollo was mentioned, that
he suspected Creon as the seer's accomplice. He rapidly establishes a
chain of evidence sufficient for himself: it was Creon who brought back
the answer from Delphi, and he it was who advised to send for the prophet.
Yea, this man and the blind seer have taken this time, when the city is in
such dire distress, to endeavor to deprive me of my kingdom!
380, 381. XE'Xv, K. T. X.: "Art surpassing every art in the life of man,
which is so full of emulous endeavors. CEdipus is thinking of the proof
which his solution of the enigma has given of his mental acumen, which
he here calls -rXpq (in 398 SyvCPw5u), not without sarcastic allusion to Tiresias' rLXVq, 389. Cf. the counter-taunt of the seer, 440." ScHN.
382. uXVo-<ro-Ca L, abides, is in store.
383. oVwVEKa (od and fevKa) as a preposition is exactly equivalent to efVKa,
oi having lost all significance.
384. SoprlroTv modifies jv (G. 63, N.; H. 209, rem. a). So cadtlrov.
385. TaerdL s repeats r7iT?' X aphxis after the relative sentence.
386. t{rEXk0v: see lexx., ire'pXoatc, III., 2; III.
388. o'rTs, K. T. X., who has an eye for his gains only.
391. 7rcs ovx, how does it come that thou wast not, etc. - STe (G. 12, N. 2,
and 17, 1; H. 70, D and 72). — p+cs8o's: cf. on 36.
393. Wai'vLyau: obj. of &ewTreTv. - V'ro7rdv'ros = To rvx6'vro, of the
chance-comer (G. 169, 1; H. 572, c).
394. lcvw'rEcLs'iEL, divinatione opus erat.- cCav'recTs, real inspiration.
395, 396. Which it was plainly manifest THOU neither hadst from birds nor
hadst learned from any one of the gods. - gXwv (G. 280; H. 797).- yvo'r6v
(G. 166, N. 2; H. 556). See also on 384. - F.oXkv: cf. 35.
397. i e pnS&v rSd's Ots$~'ovs: eldMs, notwithstanding its position, expresses condition (G. 277, 4; H. 789, e), and so its negative is fA', not ot
(G. 283, 4; H. 839). But I having come, (Edipus, even if (as was said, cf.
verse 37) I did know nothing, put an end to her. - viv: the Sphinx.
398. yvin iq: said in depreciation of, the seer's "art." - Kvpio(rs: see
lexx., Keptw, II., 2.
108 NOTES.
401. KXacLov, to thine own hurt. - KaCL. TV' X&, K. r. X.: cf. 378.
402. &y1qXacriAELvW: cf. 100 and 309.
403. Punishment would have taught thee what sort of things thou art plotting,
i. e. well punished once thou wouldst have begun to appreciate how dangerous a thing it is to attack the king.
404. The Chorus interposes. - dLKCLtOv-L, comparing (the impressions your
words have made upon us).
406. 8zrcos, K. T. X.: the indirect question is in apposition with -r6e.
407. dp;Lo-ra: adverbially. - Xi'roJEv, shall fulfil. See lex., III., 1.
-KorEzLv: SC. Bec from the preceding line: but it behooves us to consider this,
etc. (G. 259 and 134, N. 2). H. makes this the obj. rather than the subj.
of 8&E (764, b, ad fin.).
408. Paying no attention to what the Chorus has interposed, Tiresias
addresses the king. - tLroWTriov (G. 281; H. 804).
409. TofSE, K. T. X.: as a prophet under the protection of Apollo, his
words would be held in reverence.
410, 411. Tiresias proudly declares the god his sole master. In consequence, he needs not the patronage of Creon, for Apollo's protection is
enough. - Kpeovros: as'ilOVTroS in 393. - yeypjoFcLaL: see lexx.,'ypdw,
A, II., 3; A, III., 3.
412 sqq. Three sentences constitute the obj. of XEyco: first, 0a Kal...~ ATa;
secondly, Kai XdXO0as...aew, and thirdly, a' aetXq.TrX... K6TOV. - The question, ip' oTCra, K. xr. X., in 415, is thrown in skilfully. The seer knew how
the matter of his parentage had once distressed (Edipus, and how calculated
it was now again to cause him pain. - 41rEL8, K. r. X., since indeed thou reproachest me even with being blind. Cf. 371. - Syntax of!it?
413. lyv EL KCaKOoi: cf. 367.
414. Mvac: i. e. in thine own father's house. - For a similar change of
verb, see 54. - Srwv: see on 366, 367.
416. oarov (G. 137, N. 1; H. 675, b, and 676, ad fin.). - The reference
is to Laius and Jocasta.
417. pqrxpds se Ka troO ooO'rrCLTpds: epexegetic of a&irXwk/ij.
418. SEvdo7rovs: cf.And long upon my startled ear
Rang his dark courser's hoofs of fear.
BYRON, The Giour, 206, 207.
419. 1PX4rovra orK6TOV, seeing darkness, i. e. being blind. Cf.Looking on darkness, which the blind do see.
SnAKS., Sonnets, xxvii.
420. Mo$s Ar's flEs'crfvpovos, echoing to thy cry. " Particularly do verbs
NOTES. 109
and adjectives compounded with rov or 6oo0 often take the gen. in place of
the dat." MATTHIME, Griech. Gram., ~ 379.
421.'rotos KLOCaLpCdv = 7roLov pos, with reference to the exposure of the
infant CEdipus. " Perhaps to the route which he would take on quitting
Thebes. " JONES.
422, 423. When thou shalt have come to understand aright thy marriage, that
inhospitable haven (inhospitable because eventually he is driven out from it
upon a stormy sea), into which with favoring gale (his solution of the enigma)
thou didst sail in the palace halls. Perhaps 86.uots is governed by alvopmuov
(= avoXfo,), inhospitable, i. e. destructive. — XLJAiv, in 420, doubtless suggested
the figure which appears in doplxov, eloa&rXevoaas and ebirXoias. The appropriateness of such frequent use of the nautical metaphor as occurs in the
Greek tragic poets will be allowed, if the student will but call to mind that
the theatre at Athens, in which their dramas were presented, afforded from
its 30,000 to 40,000 unroofed seats a wide prospect of the expanse of the
]Egean Sea.
425. I. e. which will show thee what thou art, and that thou art thine own children's brother. - Note the sigmatismus.
426. irpos: see on 343. -.rov'ov cr rCoL = ro b os X6yovs.
427, 428. Eng. order: a~tyv y&p o6' (uts) ppo-rwv boats &Krptlpa Taratl irore
KCdKtOv 000. Cf. the similar expression in 248.
429. CEdipus in this line turns to the Chorus. In his anger it is difficult
to say what he might have done to Tiresias, if he had not known and remembered the great reverence of the people for their prophet. This same
fear of incensing them was doubtless what stayed his hand in 402 and 403,
rather than that which he asserted, - the seer's advanced years. - KXvELV
(G. 261, 1; H. 767).
430, 431. He turns again to Tiresias. - Oacrrov (H. 662). - ovr r1kXLv,
K. r. X., wilt thou not turn from these halls and get thee back? Notice the
variety of ways in which in his heat the idea of departure is expressed.
433. (True, I did so,) for, etc.
434. oXoX: cf.I'l trust by leisuwre him that mocks me once.
TITUS ANDRON., Act I., Scene 2.
- &v oC-'rELMXjJ.av, would I have had thee fetched.
435, 436. Uttered with the intention of again calling the attention of
(Edipus to the question of his parentage. - otoCSE (G. 148, N. 1; H. 679).LeopoL: calling up tx&pa in 433. - yoveicrL 8', ot cr' o"vcraV, thy REAL parents.
437. JietovV: Tiresias had turned to leave. -- KjV'EL: note the historical
present.
110 NOTES.
438. Enigmatically: to-day will declare thy birth, and overwhelm thee with
calamity.
440. Tauntingly. Cf. note on 380, 381.
441. ots: see on 340.
442. rluXl: the seer virtually denies that (Edipus had done what he had
done reXvp, (380). He solved the enigma by a lucky hit, which the prophet
here ominously says ae dbiXkcoev.
443. o6S JoL iE'KEL, I care not.
444. ToLvvv: in connection with o6 LotL AuXeL. CEdipus, in the preceding line, not deigning to ask what ruin the prophet means, has just declared that it is a matter of no concern to him. - wrar: Tiresias' page..
The Sophoclean drama had three characters (7rp6ow7ra) only at one time on
the stage, but these might be attended by any number of mutes.
445. KOVtL-ro 8fra, ay, let him, spoken with bitterness.
446. eru0Egs: fr. aecw. - Note that Lv occurs twice in this line. Cf. on
339.
447. xv OVVEK' WXov, to tell which you summoned me. Tiresias did not
come with the deliberate intention of revealing what he knew, and was at
first most unwilling to do so. See 317, 318, and 320, 321. There is a
bitter reference here to the fact that (Edipus has forced from him this revelation of his own pollution. - oVEKa: see 383.
448. BoECLas: depends on rwELILL, and expresses cause.- ao-r' rrov, in
any way. See lexx., 6brov, III., 2; I., 2. — rpdoo'w7rov: thy threatening
front. Cf.-his look
HIauhty as is his pile high-built and proud.
SAMSON AGONISTES, 1069.
449. &v8pcu (G. 153, N. 4; H. 817).
451. For the repetition of ovos cf. 383 - 385.
452. Xkyc, in name. - E-Ta, soon.
454.'ucOs yap EK SESOpKOrOS: cf.How cam'st thou speakabte of mute.
PARADISE LOST, IX., 563.
455. 9-rL: notice the anastrophe.
456. -ycatv: Attica. The self-exiled king wanders to Colonus, where
he meets his death. This forms the subject of the " (Edipus Coloneus."
460. do'warropos = rei aVrv or'eipwv wyvvaZKa. SCHOL. Cf. the passive
use of the word in 260.
462. Spoken bitterly with reference to 390. -- ofiKELV (G. 269; H.
784). - Tiresias, led by his boy attendant, returns to the city. (Edipus
retires within the palace. The Chorus begins to sing the first stasimon.
NOTES. 111
463-512. The first stasimon. Analysis: the first strophe and antistrophe refer to the oracle sent by Apollo in itself considered, the second to
the dread declaration of Tiresias that CEdipus himself was the murderer.
More at length:-Who, pray, is the accursed one? (Xepoiv); now should
he fly on the wings of the wind (vyawv), for the armed son of Zeus assails
(yye~vras), and the dread, unerring fates pursue him (dvxarXaKro0); fromn
Parnassus comes the command to track the murderer by every means
(iXveketv); for outcast and forlorn he wanders wide (X-?pe6wV), striving in
vain to escape the oracles from the central spot of earth (7repL7ror6rat).
Dread are the words of the seer, and unable I to answer ((drop&); I hover
in uncertainty, seeing neither what is nor will be (07rriw); I know of no
quarrel between the Labdacid and the son of Polybus, by which my King
shall be convicted of this deed (Oavacrwv); Jupiter and Apollo are my stay
(eil6res); a seer is but a man (&dXqOrs), and in wisdom one man may surpass his fellow (acivp); I would never assent to this charge against CEdipus
until fully proved (Karapaltrv); for how wise and good to our state has he
been shown (a6iroXts); I will not then believe him base (KaKtiav).
463 sqq. Who is he whom the fatidic Delphic mount (Parnassus) declared to
have done with bloody hands the most horrible of deeds?-: see second note
on 151.
464. AEXCgs: see lexx., AeXqol, II., ad fin. The oracle of Delphi lay
under a lofty wall of rocks at the foot of Mt. Parnassus. Cf. 473- 475.
465. TE.eXava: an extended use of the supplementary participle (G.
280; HI. 799).
467, 468.'T is time for him to ply in flight a foot mightier than storm-swift
steeds. - orwov: obs. that the sentence is condensed. - creevaprTEpov: an
adj. in agreement with rordSa. Lit. stronger, but here of speed, swifler. So
Kpedoaov in 177, from KPAtTOZ.
469. rwEvep0 o-KEL, is leaping forth. Cf. 263.
470. rvpl Kal oDreporacLs: as in 151 Apollo was endowed with the prophetic power of his father Jove, so he appears here as an avenger, to pursue
the murderer of Laius with his sire's lightnings. The two words by hendiadys. Connect them with gvowXos. - yetvrics: generally father, but here
son. Apollo is meant.
472. Kfjpes: according to Hesiod, avenging deities, daughters of Night,
and sisters of the Mcerme. See Diet. of Biog. and Mythol., CER. -iva-'krXLKq-rOL = CPaALWrXdK-qTOt, whom there is no escaping, from a privitive, and
&dl7rXaKCeWi, to miss, akin to IIAAtZf, to ma7ce to wander, the a being euphonic,
and the /u inserted.
473 sqq. For the command Jfashed forth, just now having come to light from
112 NOTES.
snow-clad Parnassus, to track the hidden man by every means. - XacqE fcipa:
cf. wrata, Xdi7re in 187. The oracle brought by Creon is aptly compared to
a beacon set on the summit of the Delphic mount, to lead to the discovery
of the concealed murderer. - V46EV'TOS: cf. -
O thou Parnassus! whom I now survey,
Not in the frenzy of a dreamer's eye,
Nor in the fabled landscape of a lay,
But soaring snoeo-clad through thy native sky,
In the wild pomp of mountain majesty I
CHILDE HAROLD, I.,1x.
476. Schn. says, rbv &,SqXov, obj.; Elvpa wrcvra, subj.
478. wrErpcLos, among rocks. This word corresponds to the two adverbial
elements, {rhr' &ypiav'XcLav and &v& &vr'pa.-6'rCaIvos (G. 137; H. 500, c).
479. rro8tl: modifies oOLTr. - XqpEPcOv, outcast, living in solitude, referring
to the curse under which the murderer lay. See 236 sqq. - The figure in
these verses is suggested by ixve6etv in 476. As a bull escaped from the
herd roams alone through the wild, rocky, cavernous woodlands, and is not
easily caught, so the murderer wanders, harassed and wretched, an outcast
from society, making every effort to escape detection.
480. peao't1caXcLk: Delphi was considered by the ancient Greeks to be
the centre of the earth. Cf. 898. - yE&s: the gen. is partitive and depends
on the included substantive, as if we had, di roS 1zou Tov 7s'yixs 6baXo (H.
587, e). - &rovoroLowv, shunning. - How entirely contrary to what the
Chorus pictures are the actions of the actual murderer! He is present
among them enjoying the association of friends, and using his every effort
to obey the commands of the oracle!
483 sqq. Fearfully then, fearfully does the wise seer trouble me, neither assenting nor denying. For I am at a loss what to say. But I hover in uncertain
expectation, seeing neither what is nor will be. The participles modify I.e understood, the object of rapcr&o-eL. A second interpretation, but not so good,
makes SELtv the object of rapdoeet, and the participles agree with it in the
sense, as explained by the Schol., of olre rhTer& o6tre lrurLra. - Obs. the
delicate use of Irv and oiv difficult to express in translation. A& in connection with 84 in 487 contrasts the terrors caused by the seer's words with
the uncertain expectation of the Chorus (XwrCr-Lv), inclining, however,
toward hope. 8S in 486 is causal, and almost equals ydp. oiv is continue
ative, joining the thought that precedes, the miserable state of the accursed
and the certainty of his punishment,.to the allied but more definite one that
follows, - the accusation of CEdipus by the seer as himself the murderer.
487. wriToJact 8' &Xt'rov: as we should say, to be suspended between hope
and fear.
NOTES. 113
488. OUT' IVUO&E -or' rrClW%, neither the present nor future, i. e. neither
whether (Edipus or the seer is right, nor who will be shown the murderer.
-- 6r(rl: lit. behind. So our own poet
We were, fair queen,
Two lads that thought there was no more behlind
But such a day to-morrow as to-day,
And to be boy eternal. - WINTER'S TALE, Act I., Scene 2.
489, 490. For what quarrel existed either between the house of Labdacus (and
the son of Polybus), or between the son of Polybus (and the Labdacidne), etc.
So explained by the Schol. The disjunctive form of the expression makes
the name of the aggressor in the quarrel prominent, each in turn being put
first. - Ac8ctKL'8sLS: Laius. Poetic use of plural for singular. -T
iIokX4ov: (Edipus, the supposed son of Polybus (G. 141, N. 4; H. 509,
(/)).
492. ravOiv, in the present case.- g Oaeov with rrdpoLOEv translate as an
aorist, with rr6 as a perfect. - The antecedent of lb-oV is -rL6s understood
to be taken with iicaO0ov, at whose word I assail with proof the popular renown
of (Edipus. Or the antecedent, as often construed, may be VEdKOS, from
which, as a starting-point.
495. OLStvrr6Sa: gen. See lexx., Oinrovus and Ol&7r66sbI, and H. 191, D.
496. ALP38aKC8a LS: the number as in 489. So also Oav&Tov, limiting
gen. of hr~K'ovpos.
497. &8iAXwv, mysterious. - Oavc&Tov: an objective genitive.
500 sqq. But that a prophet among men surpasses me in wisdom, there is no
sure way of judging; but a man might surpass wisdom by wisdom. Cf. with the
last sentiment 380. He is thinking of the success of (Edipus, and how
signally superior he was even to this same seer, Tiresias. Cf. 390 - 398.
505.'ooLMm (G. 240; H. 760, d; M. 67, 1, ninth ex.).
506. peov: predicate adjective, before I should see their charge proved.uEIfolpevwv: sc. &XXcwv (G. 278, 1; II. 790, a, and 791, a).
507. &v Kacra~Cdl1v, would assent. — ~4vepac: in opposition to adbXcv in
497. Nom. sing. fem.
508. arLZ,: (Edipus, who is prominently in mind.
510. paa-ivw, by actual test.
511. Tr, therefore. - &rr' EI&s pevods, by my mind.
512. $Xiro'eL: from o0XLcI Avw, to incur a charge of.
513. Creon, who left the stage at 146 on the best of terms with (Edipus,
having heard with astonishment of the charge made against him by the
king, here hurriedly returns. He enters from the city through the western
parodos, and during his dialogue with the Chorus stands in the orchestra.
- 8ev' Wirq: see 378 - 389, and sqq.
114 NOTES.
514.'ripcwvov: not our tyrant, but rather monarch, possessed however of
absolute power.
515. &TXq'rv, ill brooking it. — v'rats TvpCfopaLts'rats viv, in the existing
crisis.
517. The first eire is omitted. —Ets pkxipqv;E pov, tending to injury.
Sc. rL.
518.'roe: the article points out a long life as an unusual gift of the gods,
and one generally desired by men.
519. &krXoiv does not mean slight, small (/E~cKpO'), but single. He means
the injury done him will be manifold.
520. This charge damages me. — 0bpoJ occurs three times in four lines.
See on 158.
521. &v rd6eL: i. e. by those in the city, by the citizens in general.
522. KEKXAcrO!cLL: fut. perf. as simple future (H. 712 and a; M. 29, N. 5).
523, 524. The Chorus says, in a conciliatory way, to be sure (eiv ia, like
AVTOrL: see lex., zve, B, I., 3) this charge was made, but perhaps rather in the
violence of anger than by a deliberate judgment of his mind. - s'rX' dv: Wunder says that div does not here belong to JXOE, but to the participle
PLcLar-Ov. He has thus explained its force by a periphrasis: aiXX&L TOOTS, iOvetos. 3 e6 rX'e, Tdi a o'pyjy [ eptPao/eoiv ap eo /dkhov, K. r. X.
525, 526. From what was it shown that the seer spoke his words.falsely persuaded by MY counsels? The singular inversion in mTOu WrpOs, and the position
of'rats EaXs yvWl[aLLS before 8TL, express the excitement under which the
speaker was laboring. -X'-yoL (G. 243; H. 736, 1).
527. Such was the report, but I know not with what proof. Sc. 71viTro A rt
rates oats 7yvceaats wetOels 6 Adcivtrs -ros XSyovs XTyot. - yvnp.v, a ground for
judgment, a proof.
528. Creon wishes to learn from the outward bearing of CEdipus, at the
time he made the charge, whether he was honest in what he was doing, and
sane, or not. - t, with.
529. Was this charge brought against me?
530. The Chorus will not commit itself.
531. 8' S8e, but see.
532. Creon turns toward the king, who is entering from the palace.oUTos (G. 148, N. 2; H. 680, a). Emphasis on crv.
534. zKOV (G. 237; H. 771). — ro8Se rvvSpos = ieoi. (Edipus declares
Creon to be to him, in intention at least, ~ovewis and X-crTjs.
535. Xlo-'rls'fis lirJs'pavptVVos: cf. -
- the attempter of thy Father's throne,
And thief of Paradise.
PARADISE REGAINED, IV., 603, 604.
NOTES. 115
538. c's oV, K. r. X.: dependent on some such word as voctlo-as, implied
in l&bV. - Ws O4 -yVWp(tOLJoL, that I should not detect.
540: &p' o1xyL (G. 282, 2; H. 829). - -lxpov: with reference to twplavw
in 536.
542. 8, (a thing) which, etc. Cf. the similar use of the predicate adj.
(G. 138, N. 2, (c); H. 522, fifth ex.).
543. Creon, who during the preceding violent charge of CEdipus had
been in mute protest unconsciously approaching the steps of the stage,
here rapidly ascends them, and addresses his king face to face. - olcre' Wcs
zrolrcrov: Sophocles here in place of saying oleO' Ws (for'czrws) irotiocat Me?;
or 7roljo'ov Wcs KeXe6w, combines the two, and that not into 7roeorov, otoO' Wcs;
but the more remarkable expression of the text (G. 252, N.; M. 84, N. 3).
545. Thou art a sharp talker, but - am slow to learn from thee.
547. First hear now this very point (whether I am hostile to thee) from me,
how I shall tell it. - rrporac, before thou condemnest me finally. - Creon concluded that he had been maligned to the king by his enemies, and believed
that he could clear up the matter if given a chance to explain. vom indicates his desire that this should be done at once.
548. -owi-' cu'-o: here and in the if. 11. (Edipus repeats Creon's words
sneeringly. - &rcos: the declarative conjunction (G. 249, 1, ex.).
550. cLa9SCtav XWp'Ls Toe vo6: see on 55.
552. ovxX, K. T. X., thou wilt not pay the penalty. - 551, 552, are spoken
with bitter contempt.
554. ir0aua: cf. on Adiov in 224.
555. See 288.
556. CJVOPClsVTLV: (Edipus is now far from believing Tiresias such, and
uses the word ironically.
557. And I still think that was good advice. - ouvXEkmwrL: as aVPaKTr in
284. Like the phrase o a SroS eCxavrti.
558. rdo'rov TLV' 8jl XpdOvov, how long a (nvad) time ago559. Creon, whose mind is on Tiresias, breaks in on the question of
(Edipus.
560. &bavTos Z ppEL, did (i. e. Laius, occurring above) disappear and
perish. - It will be noted that dppes (lit. is clean gone) has the force of a perfect. (M. 10, 1, N. 4.) The perfect (86SpGKE, has been doing) is the tense
Creon employed in the preceding line. This enables us to see the pertinence of the ace. of duration of time, Xp6ov, in 558.
561. I. e. uAaKpot 7raXatoi r' iv, ed'nav ol Xp6vot, eti,erpvOecev.
563. y: cf. ye in 365.
564.;pvvicra'To: see lexx., /L/v/'aKW, B, 2. — eipo: as dpX~s in 49.
116 NOTES.
565. oiUSaLov is the antecedent of the subordinate conjunction of time
implied in Ea'r'T0os (G. 278, 1. and 277, 1; H. 790, a), and is incorporated
into the relative sentence (H. 811, a). Observe that it is transferred from
the signification of place to that of time,- at no time when I was standing by.
566. rou OvCLdV'Tos (G. 167, 3; H. 565).
567. Of course we made inquiry, but we learned nothing. The parenthetic
question, wrs 8' ovxtC, strengthens rrapErxouev, which in itself is stronger
than the word used by CEdipus (&aXere) in his question just asked. Creon
would show the earnestness that the people manifested. They began a
vigorous inquiry, but the overwhelming calamity of the Sphinx (130, 131)
paralyzed their effort. (Edipus refers to this partial and abortive effort in
the compound verbs in 129 and 258.
568. oZros 6 crobds: contemptuously repeating the appellation Creon
had given Tiresias in 563.
569. e' ols (G. 153 and N. 1; H. 810).
570. CEdipus echoes Creon's words, o$ak and opo'6,. So Creon in the
next line repeats ola. - (Edipus thinks that Creon, in the maxim he has
just uttered, it is well for one to be silent concerning the things he understands
not, is talking at him, and answers scornfully. - E6 4povCv expresses manner, couldst say understandingly, and is retorted with a sneer upon the AX
ppovi2 of the last speaker.
572, 573. The sentence depends on the verbs orOa and?dyoLts tv, supplied from 570. - -60ViEKa, that, equalling's or 6rt (M. 78, N.). — rs A s:
"' He would not have spoken, as he did (362), of my being Laius' murderer.'" Camp. The student will easily see the double meaning possible
in the words,' he would not have spoken of my murder of Laius.'
574. Creon was not present during the altercation between OEdipus and
Tiresias. Somewhat angered, he repeats ole-Oa sarcastically. He now endeavors to show (Edipus how unlikely a thing it is that he (Creon) would
wish to exchange his present honorable position for one bringing but little
more honor and much more anxiety.
575. ram0' dwrEp, just as. That is, just as thou hast tried by interrogating
me to prove that I suborned Tiresias, in the same way do I wish to show
that that is impossible.
576. EKpgVOcave: defiantly. - ov yap, K. r. X.: Edipus suspiciously
thinks that Creon is aiming to convict him of the murder.
577. yfiLpas 9XES: periphrastic perfect (M. 112, N. 7).
578. CEdipus was not expecting this sort of a question. So- in place of
the fiat denial he was ready to make, he answers ironically, there is no denying THAT.
NOTES. 117
579. 84: as if elv occurred in 577, and there had been no interruption.
- Ta&': cogn. ace., being equal to TY'p aSrTYv d&pX7z, i. e. conjointly. Cf.
the lexx. for the cases allowed with tlpXw in its second signification.to'ov: sc. pepos, with which connect yis. Jocasta was queen in her own
right, and so she and CEdipus were joint rulers of Thebes. But he, like a
man,, arrogates dominion to himself. See not only his answer in the next
line, but also 237. - Possibly yais is the object of idpELS.
580. He seems to evade the question. - OEXova-a (M. 108, 2,-N. 6, first
ex.). This construction is quite common in this drama.
581. two'oiab, am on an equal footing.
582. (Undoubtedly, and that is what astonishes me), for in this very thing
thou showtest thyseyf even a bad friend.
583. oZK: sc. av 0aLVoie-qYpv. - Eit OSLSol s'YE cra 4 X/oyov, if thou wouldst
only render an account to thyself - O's iy~: sc. soi ai/wbu/ X6yov.
584. wrpTOV: adverbially. So in the thought 97retra occurs in 603.
- E (G. 282, 4; H. 733). — iv: to be taken with WXiO0at.
585. /pXELV iVv d163OLGO: with Creon's general sentiment, cf.Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown.
IENRY IV., Part II., Act III., Scene 1.
586. The circumstantial participle EiiSovTa expresses manner, just as the
adverbial phrase 5iv 56,folot in 585. Cf. the use of &irpeo-'ov with that of
7rvtw in 65. - eL: a case where protasis and apodosis belong to different
forms. For 4eLt see G. 221, N. Then the whole expression comes under
G. 227, 1. See here M. 49, 1, N. 3, and 54, 1.
587. Ey~: emphatic. -- av oov: a strengthened form of oiv, so then.
See lex., /dv, B, II., 2. -- Lldpov ivrv, am of a nature to desire.
588. TvpacvvcL: adj. use of Trpavvos.
589. oir' &XXos: evidently with reference to Tiresias, with whom CEdipus had affirmed he was in collusion. -EwrrLo-raatL, like olca, takes either
the participle or infinitive, but with a difference of meaning (G. 280, N. 3;
HI. 802). Cf. the construction in 284.
590. ivEu 4dpov: contrasted with bpv /6pSocoL in 585. — ipow, I obtain.
592. gXELV: as KX6eY, in 429.
594. Not yet am I so misled. - L/a7rTpqeLVOS KVpO): cf. 258, 259.
595. r& oiv<r KE'pSEL KCLXC, honor accompanied with profit.
596. viv rrc&r XaCpco, now I am on good terms with all.
597. cE'E0v (G. 79, 1, N. 2; H. 233, D).
598. Make ww&v the subject of TruXEiv, and consult lexx., rvyXdv%, B, 2.
Orit may be taken adverbially with what follows, rests wholly here.
599. K&v,: i. e. rb aTrbrs IpXeLv, while 68~e is r6pavva S6pv.
118 NOTES.
600. No mind that judges rightly (sees things as they are) could turn
to evil.
601. TorSe G' Ts yvPrjqs, this way of thinking.
602. L&e' /dXXov: see on 589. —TrXaiCvV: sc. 6pav from the preceding
pSwvTos.
603. In the second part of his address, 603 - 615, Creon exhorts CEdipus
to look at the facts and not rush into hasty judgment. - MXETyXov: in apposition withthe following sentence as a whole. The correlatives, ToDrTo piv
and ToiT' dXXo, are distributively in similar construction before the two
imperative sentences. - HIIvu0E - rEiOouv: no intentional play on the similar syllables; nor in 70, 71, IIvOTKaC- 7r0Go0'o. That is, not cases of paronomasia. See lexx., 7rapovo/aoria, II.
604. T& Xpqlov'EcTV: a case of prolepsis.
605. TEpa-rKdTr': Creon calls Tiresias so, says Schn., with reference to
the meaning of his name, 6 Tri repea OcKow7rV.
606, 607. KTdVnq Xa.3wv, take and slay me (G. 254; H. 723, a).
608. yvvlujq &i'ljX: lit. on the ground of an uncertain opinion, i. e. an
opinion concerning the soundness of which not even thou canst be certain.
Better, on a vague surmise. - XepCs is used absolutely, without evidence.
609. PiClqv, without cause.
612. KQa (H. 856, c). -- ipaXitv is to be repeated before 3CoTov. -- ov
wrcLp' aTi' lo'rov, one's own life.
614, 615. " Because the bad but too easily betray their worthlessness,
while the good are often modestly retiring, and the recognition of their
worth is a work of time." SCHN.
616. A cautious man would judge he had counselled well. - EXapoqovlvy:
as Frazo in 8. - wrecrEtv depends on ediXapovuevy.
617. Connect cfpovedv with both TaXtis and &o'aaXdts, a hasty judgment
isunreliable. Colloquially in Eng., "slow and sure." -Note how appropriate da-aXeis (a priv. and DAAAtAOMAI) is to the figure employed in
-rec-eu'.
618. "'When my secret enemy is swift in his advance.'" CAMP.
CEdipus will hear no arguments. -- rcaXVs TLS is predicate to Xpii. TS
with adjectives indicates that the epithet must be taken in a restricted
sense. See lexx., A, 8: TIM, IV., 1.
618, 619. Cf. with this -
We must be brief when traitors take the field.
RICHARD III., Act IV., Scene 3.
620. To8Se: referring to obrtwpovxAevw in 618, but at the same time
meaning Creon.
NO;ES. 119
621. Will have been accomplished, etc.
623. Ovito-KELV - Vysitv (G. 202, 1, ad fin.; H. 716, a, ad fin.).
624. Sc. E70roZipos 0w'Ketv before Orcv, K. i. X. - 7ib BOovEIt = O iA/bs 7rpos
oe tO6Ovos. See 382.
625. Dost thou sipeak as determined neither to yield nor obey? The king demands unconditional obedience.- The altercation has now reached its
highest point, and finds expression only in short, condensed sentences,
which the speakers deal at one another like blows.
626.'o Vyoiv 4o'v: sc. e5 bpovovprd' He PXiErecs. So in the first half of
the next line; sc. ed ObpoYevZ oe.
628. et 84, but what if, etc. - tvvl(s: pres., not imperf., indic. - -pKTov
('uol a-oi) y' 5ows, ay, I must maintain my authority even then (G. 281, 2;
H. 804, b). Or acpKT7oV passively, thou must obey.
629. Never, if thou rulest unjustly. - &pXovTos: sc. ooO. A gen. absol.
- IroXLs (G. 157, N.; IH. 541, ad fin.).
630. nroXEws (G. 184, 2, N. 1; H. 571). - Creon would have a claim
upon the state, not only as a citizen, but also as brother of the queen.
632. TiVSE: use in English an adverb (H. 678, a, sec. ex.). Or 6ELK7rKwC, cf. 811.
633. Et 0E'OCtL, to settle.
634, 635. Jocasta enters from the palace. As she comes, the two men
pause in the midst of their altercation, at the words of the Chorus, and
turn to meet her.- - rrCwrLV yXaxrcrl's, strife of tongues. — rnw1pacwOe: see
lex., e7ralpw, I., 4. The force of the middle can be expressed by, against
one another.
636. MtM KLVOVTIES KaCLK, to stir up private quarrels. Cf. -
What! in a town of war,
To manage private and domestic quarrel!'T is monstrous. OTHELLO, Act II., Scene 3.
637, 638. A fine example of the different uses of ov and ]IJ in inter.
rogative sentences (G. 282, 2; H. 829; M. 89, 2, N. 2). -cr- TE: Joe.
addresses her husband imperiously. -oiKovs: the place whither. It is fanciful to draw a distinction of meaning here between O'gKOUS and a-Eyas. A
variation in the verb similar to this in 414.- Et = 7rope6rp.
639 sqq. Creon seizes the first opportunity to address her: O my sister,
thy husband designs a terrible deed, of these two evils, either to banish me or to
take and kill me, having determined upon - Yea, I HAVE, for, etc. Notice
the great excitement under which the speakers labor. Before Creon can
complete his sentence, (Edipus breaks in on him. See 325. Jocasta would
easily gather from the connection which punishment Creon meant.
120 NOTES.
643.'rovtiv y4oa, my person, me.
644. 6vatcF1v: the mood as in 81.
645.'v: attracted.
646. &SIE (G. 160, 1; H. 549, c). Sc. air' with the verb.
647. iXLo-ar pE'v, first and above all. -- T6v' SpKOV OEiV, this oath sworn
by the gods. Objective gen. The reference is to apaos in 644.
648. Kac, also.
649 sqq. " Sophocles has here employed the Chorus with great skill.
Without any pause in the action, which must be continued until the colloquy between Jocasta and CEdipus has taken place, the short musical strains
which allay the exasperation of CEdipus, and assure him of his people's
loyalty, also relieve the mind of the spectator from the tension caused by
the preceding dialogue, and prepare him to give undivided attention to the
central scene, - in which the first doubt is suggested to the mind of CEdipus, while the impious confidence of Jocasta is revealed." CAMP. - The
Oxford trans.: "Be prevailed on willingly and sensibly." Campbell translates
better: "We pray thee, bend to our request thy will and mind." The Chorus,
believing that (Edipus, in his accusation of Creon, is in the wrong, entreats
him to be differently minded (dppoiv7,as), yield his hitherto, in this matter,
stubborn will (OeXuras), and be prevailed upon (7rwLOO) by their united
request. Jocasta had just besought him to believe Creon.
651. In what wilt thou, then, that I give way to thee? - -ELK&0Wo (G. 256; H.
720, c).
654. KarTiLSecCL: first aorist imperative middle.
655. Op~tE, K. T. X.: he speaks impatiently.
656, 657. That thou accuse (&v ai&T* paXEtv) not nor dishonor with an obscure suspicion the friend that has bound himself by an oath. Sc. Xp.qw'.- The
adverbial phrase oriv 4cave Xo'yc, (with which cf.?yzgu d87bXco, 608)
modifies?LTL[ov.
658, 659. (Edipus still believes it was Creon who had charged him with
the murder of Laius. Cf. 703. If Creon should be let off, then he would
press his charge and bring (Edipus, innocent though he should be, to punishmenit. -M waerco: imperative. - trIT(V: cf. the use of dp-nra in 284.
660 sqq. " This solemn adjuration, made by the whole choral body with
uplifted hands and while a vernal sun, it may be, was shining brightly
over their heads, must have produced no small effect in the theatre."
MITCHELL.
661. 0EOv (G. 163, N.; H. 545). -rrpo'dov: seeing, but not understanding, the existing confusion, and much desiring that (Edipus and Creon may
be illuminated and brought to understand one another, the Chorus swears
NOTES. 121
by the sun as foremost of the gods, which, as the god who brings all things
to light, in their present exigency he is to them.
662. dOEos: cf. d0ows in 254.
663. rtl wvIavov sustains (the antecedent being incorporated) the relation of cognate accusative to o6koCmv, as if the poet had said, rTi 7rvucidr'V
arrdXetav. -- rrviarov: predicate to &irl understood.
665 sqq. But the wasting (0btvais, see lexx.) land consumes my wretched
soul, if she is to add to her other evils these which arise from you two. But see
lexx., 7rpoacilrrw, II. — rpoor'-eL (G. 221, N.).
666. ~OLevcs: cf. 25-27.
669. 6 BSE: cf. ol &4 in 108. —8' obv, well then.
671. ro'dFm: see on 426.
673, 674. It is evident that thou yieldest (E'L'Kao as fXwv in 395) sullenly, but
weighed down by remorse wilt thou be whenever thou shalt have passed from thy
anger. Cf. the Schol.: 6aXos cidi da&i e'Kwv,'ra' h er- ir 7r e lT pas 9XOvs riXs'opyjs, r6re pfapews oets Tr'b wrpdy/ia. oTov, tercavooj'etS Kai dtLKa ievOv/ISh1. — 0upoO: a poetic gen. of separation, or the gen., says Dind., quod
7rwep6nOs idem est, quod wrpav's. - Schn., taking oruvyvds actively, translates
differently: plainly thou art full of hatred toward me, though thou yieldest, etc.
677. &yvi*Tos, without discernment.- -v s8, K. T. X., but in the estimation of
these the same as ever. But perhaps STo os= atKato. Schol. Min., followed by
some of the commentators.- Creon exit.
678 sqq. The Chorus addresses Jocasta apart, and entreats her to conduct CEdipus immediately into the palace. The king stands at one side
wrapped in moody thought. The queen, though she was herself desirous
at 637 that (Edipus should at once go within, now refuses to comply with
the request of the Chorus until she learn the occasion of the quarrel. This
very natural action on her part leads skilfully to the unravelling of the plot.
680. Sc. KoWTUc avr6,v. - iTLS ) IrSXr, what has happened.
681 - 683. An unfounded suspicionfound vent in words, and words even when
unfounded sting. The Chorus speaks with designed ambiguity. What it
says may refer either to the accusation of Tiresias and the consequent anger
of CEdipus, or the charge that the latter himself made against Creon, and
the distress with which he thereby afflicted him. -Xo'yov is a vague gen.
depending on sOdKclcTS.
684. t44otv irw' avCotv: sc. iXOe. Jocasta has in mind CEdipus and
Creon. — valXL: compelled to answer the question as to these two, the
Chorus says yes, though it evidently shrinks from giving CEdipus pain. Its
good-will to him is so extreme as to make it unjust; for it says this unfounded suspicion was mutual, which was not the fact.
122 NOTES.
685. 1rporrovouiijvas: see lexx., 7rpo7rovLw, II., 2; II. Stronger than
the simple verb.
686.;/XrqEv: sc. O X67os.
687, 688. (Edipus, who has heard the last words of the Chorus, loses
his temper, and says, dost thou see to what thou art come, honest man though
thou art at heart, leaving my interests out of view, and trying to blunt my wrath?
He means that, if it had not been for the Chorus, he would have punished
Creon. KaLcqLTX-VCOV (G. 200, N. 2; H. 702, ad fin.). The principle
extends to the participle. Cf. rKTpe'rovra in 806.
689 sqq. The Chorus again (see 660 - 664) protests its loyalty: Prince,
I have said it not once alone, but know that I should be proved beside myself; destitute of sense, to abandon thee, etc. -i recvav6L dv: in the orat. rect. ren5aoi,'vos &v eiry'. - voo'C'toaeL (G. 227, 1; H. 750).
694. On the correlation of ar —rE' here, cf. on 35, where an exactly
parallel case occurs. Similarly Kai —Kai in 52, 53.
695, 696. o-raXei'ovo'v: the image is continued in oSpLo-s, didst speed on
her course, from oipos, a fair wind directly astern. - KaT' OpOo'v: the same
phrase in 88.
697. yEvoLo (G. 251, N. 2; H. 721, a).
699. Thou hast conceived so great wrath. - rrpyfLarTos: see refs. on 48. -
gXELs: see lexx., B, IV., 1: A, IV., 7. Cf. the use of ixev, with the perfect
participle in 701.
700. For I respect thee more than these do. The Chorus, 685, had refused
to explain the matter to the queen. Or, I respect thee more than I do these,
i. e. am more willing to comply with thy request than with the desire of
the Chorus, who want the matter dropped. The latter interpretation
accords better with the emphatic oi'.-" As he turned from Creon to the
Chorus, 671, so now, being angry with them, he turns gladly to Jocasta.
With similar impetuosity he breaks away from her, infra 1078." CAMP.
701. KpEov'os: answering to 7rpcdy7aTro in 699. Sc. /7Vit1v -ToLvOe o-roar {Xw. — ola, K. r. X., in respect to what he has plotted against me. Epexegetic. - The whole line can be expressed by TWVj KpeovrTos pov\evzchuTWv,
where the second word answers to 7rpd&ytyaros.
702. Speak, if, though charging the quarrel on him, thou art willing to speak
plainly. Jocasta has heard enough ambiguous statements, and demands
impatiently the cause of the quarrel.
703. Creon had said nothing of the sort. What CEdipus means can be
gathered from 705, 706.
704. On his own knowledge, or by report?
705. Nay, rather (see lexx., /i'v, jB, II., 2; II., 6) by introducing, etc.
NOTES. 123
706. Explained by Triclinius: airbos ytp 7rep 7ro6TroV KaOd7rac o'y?.AXEv0epovv o-'lLPct is literally tofree one's mouth of a subject. CEdipus means
that Creon himself has never directly made the charge, but always through
Tiresias as a mouth-piece.
707 sqq. " The catastrophe hangs upon this speech. Jocasta, in endeavr
oring to direct the attention of (Edipus from the charge of Tiresias, inci.
dentally mentions a circumstance which confirms the charge. The contempt
here thrown upon the oracles by Jocasta, is the sin which justifies the catastrophe as far as she is concerned. It is also a sin which is ingeniously
made to be the occasion of its own punishment." JONES. - n VUV, K...,
letting then these things go of which thou speakest, hearken thou to me, etc. With
a elds oeavT6v sc. TroT6wv.
708. orol (G. 184, 3, N. 5; H. 599). So sometimes in English. Cf. -
Here's a scull now hath lain you i' th' earth three-and-twenty years.
HAMLET, Act V., Scene 1.
So, TAMING OF THE SHREW, Act I., Scene 2.
709. iXov is here used as the middle X6ouevov, depending on, having to do
with (G. 171, 1; H. 574, b). Jocasta does not mean to say that mortals
have no share in the art of prophecy, the sentiment toward which the Chorus inclined in 500, but that absolutely no dependence is to be placed upon
it, and that men in consequence should pay no attention to it.
710. crl'vro[La, briefly.
711, 712. OV1K fip&, K. T. X., I won't say it came from Phcebus himself.
Spoken with more or less contempt. As much as to say, although I believe it, I won't say so, in order that I may not seem to blaspheme the god.
In 720 she says, without qualification, that Apollo did falsify himself.
713. EosL: the mood as in 526.
714. berrLs YiVOLTO, who should be born. The original prophecy wasaV'ov ilet Adoopa 7rpb5s 7ratobS OavevY, iorts &v,Pyv7r7at, K. T. X.
715. Kac=K Kalrot. — Tro bv: i. e. Laius. Contrasted with 7ratubs b in
717. — ye strengthens wip, which means at all events, at least.- ivotL: says
Jocasta, not only did not his own son kill him, but also even those who did
were foreigners!
716. rpL7tXaCiS &Ia~LTots: these words give GEdipus the first suspicion of
the truth. See 730.
717. Literally, but as to the birth of the child, three days had not intervened,
when, etc., i. e. the child had not been born three days, when, etc.
718. KaCl: temporal. - &p0pac: in partitive apposition with vCv, which is
the object of the participle.- For the manner in which OEdipus was exposed, see the Introduction; also 1032, with the note on 1034.
124 NOTES.
719. bpos: Cithberon.
720. EvTai0a, herein, as in 582.
721, 722. o7-E Adtov, K. 7. Xi: a repetition in a new form of the preceding thought, orT' eKEPOP, K. 7. X. — 7O 8ELVdv (G. 137, N. 3; H. 502, a
and b).
723. Not spoken with much reverence.
724, 725. xv (G. 171, 2; H. 576). —v ya&p, K. T. X., for whatever things
God seeks as necessary, these unaided will he easily bring to light. ijyovv & yiap
hv 6O ebs, 7rp;7rovrTa Kpivas ~qredoOcua, ls&w, 7ts yo0v ebK6Xos, aur~s deliec.
Schol. Min. Necessitatem sive utilitatem rei dixit pro re qua opus est.
HERMANN. This apparently devout sentiment, coming on the heels of her
blasphemy, cannot be supposed to mean much to Jocasta. She speaks in
too vague a way, the anarthrous 0ebs referring neither to Apollo nor to any
particular deity, but meaning god in a general sense. But to the pious
spectator her words mean that whatever the god determines to do, he easily
accomplishes of himself, and they find a startling verification in the impending catastrophe. That is, Apollo commands the discovery of the murderer, and discovered will he be before the day's close.- avir os ve
LuapreIwc.
726, 727. An exclamatory sentence.
728.,[ep[pvvs: a causal gesi.
730. wpobs 7pLkrXats &IJaLrots: see 716.
731. Xlcavur' 9XEL~: cf. -soC-as gxets in 699.
732. ov: relative adv. of place.
734. is Ta'irTo': not meaning to Phocis, but to the same place in Phocis, for
both Delphi and Daulia were in this country. The third road, starting
from the point where they all met, led to Thebes. - Cf. the similar omission of the preposition with one of the nouns in 637.
735. And what length of time has elapsed since this event? — otScrE (G. 184,
3, N. 1). And supplying wroc0elot (H. 601, a).
736, 737. acXSdov: see lexx., IV., ad fin.; II., ad fin. — Xov faCtCvov,
didst appear as ruler of this land.
738. Spoken half aside.
739. But why is this a cause of alarm to thee? Why dost thou take this to
heart?
741. TCva C8, K. T. X.: literally, but what point of life (he was) having, i. e.
how far advanced he was in years. - jllqs: properly youth, the time when
the beard begins to grow, but here used as applicable to any period of life.
Perhaps the speaker has in mind the unexpected strength and vigor (characteristics of youth) which Laius displayed in attempting to force him
from the road.
NOTES. 125
742. He was a man of large stature and just turning gray. - XVoitWv: literally, getting downy, generally applied to the first appearance of the beard in
youth, but here to the first gray hairs as the sign of coming age.
743. Jocasta does not know what a startling comparison she is making,
and that the likeness between the old king and the new is that between
father and son.
744, 745. ofoO raixas: (Edipus is terribly affected by what he hears.
Jocasta looking upon him says in 746, OKVO) rOL, K.. X. - OLKe ilalvTov,
K. T. X., I seem to have unwittingly exposed myself just now to terrible curses.
de'vctaL (G. 203, N. 1).
747. pi? [XiMwv, K.'r. X., lest after all the prophet see only too well. With
reference, doubtless, to the reproach he had cast on the seer in 371.
749. jcl0ourc;, /f I have learned, i. e. know, them.
750. poLds, thinly attended.
751. MivSpas: see lexx., VI., 1. — ot, as.
752. They werefive all together.
753. awriv. pita, a single chariot. Laius was travelling unostentatiously.
754. The five men and the single chariot are so exactly what (Edipus
remembers, that the terrors of conviction seize him.
755. v'tiv: with reference not only to Jocasta but also the other Thebans.
756. Cf. 118.
758. a4' o5=cir' VKelo ro Xp6voU ev o (G. 153, N. 2; H. 808, a, and
810).
760.,tKe'7euvE: the oire6s recognized (Edipus as the man who had done
the bloody work at the triple ways. His earnestness and desire to get
away from Thebes would be explained to Jocasta, who, of course, did not
know the real motive, by his love for the murdered king.
761. aypo's: as &sT-r in 35. With votis, wrt is expressed for the sake
of variety. Or 6rl can be supplied with ciypo6s from vo/lds. So in 637.o4E (G. 79, 1, N. 2; H. 233, D).
762. otrrEws (G. 180, 1, and 174; H. 584, f).
763.'s y' &vRap, K. T. X.: Jocasta means this man had done more for her
than might have been expected from a mere slave. This remark would
recall to the spectators the fact that this same servant was he who exposed
the infant CEdipus on Mt. Citheron.
765. The form of the question implies an earnest wish on the part of
the interrogator (obs. iitecat in 766), and to this the answer is made in the
next line, IrtipEoLV, it can be done (M. 82, N. 5). The sentence is exclamatory rather than interrogative.
767, 768. Ifear me, 0 wife, lest I have said too much; it is on account of
126 NOTES.
this I wish to see him.- ro'X)' iylav: in particular what is given in 236 - 243.
Cf. 816-820. - ol (G. 188, 3; H. 600).
770. K&y&, I too, as well as thou.
771.?repqOjs: sc. ro0 rcaOra amOeLtv. For the mood see cKvnOw, 329.ye, (now) at least, when, etc. - -XWrCov: Clrls is here the expectation of
something bad.
772. so, (G. 84; H. 244, b).- KaC, besides this. -- jpdOLw, more worthy.
Schol. Cf. 769.
773. u.&...Z$v, when at such a crisis in my life.
777. OLcS.e, such as I shall relate to thee. — ol rEaor-rl, befell me.-0avpaaLaL (G. 261, 1; H. 767).
778. Not however worthy at least of the earnest heed that I gave it. — errovsqs (G. 178, N.; H. 584, e).
779, 780. For at a banquet a man overcha7yed with wine brands me, as we
are drinking, with being a supposititious son of my father. We should have
expected, in place of the dependent clause, the adj. in the ace. as predicate
modifier of It, KaXei gLe 7rXaororv.
781. papuv0eds: sc. X6Xo.
782. KaCra'Xov: SC. U~avrov. - 0&rTp'q (G. 11, N. 2; H. 68, rem. c).
783. Ixqtrpos (G. 182, 2; H. 589).- 8Svauo'pws Ajyov, they were regarding
with anger.
784. Tr, IteOv'TL: the adverb b6vorspcos, denoting disposition toward an
object, is followed by the dat. just as the verbs ov'Pdopel, XaXe7ralvw, etc.
(G. 185; H. 595, b).
785. I. e., I was pleased at seeing how grievously they bore the insult
that had been offered me. Of course Polybus and Merope, from the start,
treated the man's charge as a foul slander, never giving (Edipus the slightest
ground to believe it was true. But he was a man of sensitive nmind and
could not forget it, slander though it was. It kept creeping upon him as
time passed on until it got full possession of him, so that there was finally
but one thing for him to do, - consult the oracle, and be forever freed from
his trouble by its holy utterance.
786. Ocetprre: sc. udJe. Literally, to creep under, or, as we should say of
an involuntary (expressed by wr6 in composition) feeling, to creep upon, to
fee possession of.
787. Unknown to my parents. -XOepa (G. 182, 2, ad fin.; H. 589, last
ex.).
788. Ov: as of in 758. For the case of the relative required by its own
sentence, see G. 188, 1; H. 611. For the case of the antecedent, see G.
180, 2, N.; H. 584, b.
NOTES. 127
789. dTLLOV: the oracle refused to enlighten him on the subject of his
parentage.
790. &exML Ka1 SELv& Ka sCe'rrvca: just as the oracle that follows is
threefold. - irpovq4vvq Xyovv, he clearly uttered.
791. Ws XpECq, that I was doomed.
792. And that I should makce manifest a race unendurable to the eyes of men.
- 6p&v: parallel in syntax to KX6eIr in 429.
794, 795. Cf.Save back to England, all the world's my way.
RICHARD II., Act I., Scene 3.
795. That is, judging where Corinth lay by means of the stars, and so
keeping clear of it. -- T XoLrwov (G. 160, 2, ninth ex.; H. 552, a, eighth
ex.).
796, 797. Where I should never see come to pass the disgrace predicted by
those evil prophecies concerning me. - MvOa: i. e. ficeie &Oa. - I'ofaIqv (M.
65, PN. 1, (a), first ex.).
799. 6kXXvcrOct (G. 203, N. 1).
800. KCC oGrOL K.'r. X.: these words give him pause to collect himself as
he approaches the critical point of his story. - rpLIrXi2s: the all-important
word (cf. 716 and 730), and so, emphatic, not only from its isolated position
at the end of the line, but also since it begins the sentence.
801. bTE: see on 391. —i: imperfect of ei.. —o 6SOropcv, journeying,
on my journey.
802. Kfpv1: cf. 753. - -wOXLKqS, drawn by young horses. Because they
were travelling through a rough, hilly country.
803. &rilvrls: cf. 753. -oiov crai His: cf. 742, 743.
804. 5 0' iy~E!cv: there were five persons in the company. See 752.
The herald with his staff preceded. Then followed the driver, who, at the
time (Edipus met them, was leading the horses over the hilly road. With
reference to this (Edipus calls him iyepu/cv. Then Laius in the chariot, and
behind two attendant servants, one of whom was the olKe6S mentioned by
Jocasta in 756.
805. ilXavv'&qv (G. 200, N. 2; H. 702).
806. KTPErov'rc'T: cf. on Ka-ra/ahXSv5wz in 688.- TpoxqX&c qv: the lyeAdd' of 804.
807. SL' opyis: the same expression in 344. - -cs 6p~ HLE: sc. 7raitovr
TOi TpOXvqXdT.?7'.
808, 809. Construe'xo,, denoting the origin of motion, with KOaCKEo
in the next line, and cf. fScOpwv in 142. - jCroov KCpa c iov, the middle of my
128 NOTES.
head. —SLwrXots KvoTpOLmL: a goad with two prongs, used to urge on the
horses.
810. o-tqv: sC. -'v' sc. - o-urvOuLs, instantly.
811. {K qcrSE XELPoS: with appropriate gesture. "The son shows his
mother the very hand with which he slew his father. There is an unconsciousness in the expression which calls forth at once horror and pity. For
(Edipus, though beginning to be doubtfully aware that he has slain Laius,
has as yet no idea of his relation to him." CAMP.
813. tpwrvrows: there seems to be a discrepancy between the statement
of (Edipus, when he says that he killed them all, and the declaration of
Jocasta in 756 that one attendant escaped. Wolff explains, that the
attendant in question, struck by the hand of (Edipus, fell to the ground
and either pretended death or was actually so stunned as to be senseless.
After the latter left, he rose and fled back to Thebes with the report of the
death of Laius.
813, 814. E; Sk ro, K. I. X., but if this stranger I have mentioned had any
connection with Laius, etc. CEdipus tries to fight off the conviction that is
coming home to him, that the man he had killed was Laius himself.gEvo depends on 7rpo-1iKEL and is parallel in syntax to wAwo-t in 16.
Aca;T stands with o-vyyEvEs (G. 186; H. 602).
815. roD8E y' &vSpds: i. e. myself. So in 534. He strikes his breast
with his hand.
817. To whom it is not allowed any one of the aliens or native citizens to receive
him in their homes, etc. - -tvowv: aliens dwelling in Thebes. These are a
part of the class -represented by?yis Tr86 r7Tva in 238, on whom the commands of the king were laid in 236- 243.
819. &0etv: change of dependence from upon a negative clause to an
implied positive, as in 241. Sc. Xpb 7rdvras. - -rsE, the object of rpoo-rleCs, is repeated in the more specific expression, a-&o8' &pcs.. "Note the
growth of the idea in the mind of (Edipus. He now imagines as certain
what he at first treated only as a supposition." CAMP.
821. By the words, Xe'Xq...Xpclv(, the spectator is led to remember how
much more terrible his pollution is than CEdipus himself knows. And yet
how terrible even to him. As he pauses and looks at Jocasta, once the
wife of the man his own hands murdered, how horrible must seem to him
the truth he utters i - v has here an instrumental force.
822. 0virep: obs. the lack of agreement in number between the pronoun
and its antecedent.
823 sqq. et!e XPAi, K. I. X.: the three conditional sentences of co-ordinate value of which this is the first, whose verbs are XPiA, i-rTC, and SEt,
NOTES. 129
depend as subordinate members of the complex sentence on the principal
member, op' ovxyl ras tvayvos. The first and second are united copulatively by KcLC, the second and third disjunctively by I; the third, that is,
cannot be realized unless the second fail.
824. GAIrTIL: a crasis.
825, 826. wcaTptsos: as he supposes, Corinth. The case as that of &yop2s in 161. - yC&LoLs LTrp6s, in marriage with my mother. Ty-qrp6s depending
on ycduots is at the same time a subjective and an objective gen., since marriage is a reciprocal act.
828. aw' &loi ScCp!ovos is a predicate adj. phrase denoting source and
modifying Ta9Ta, and is used after KpvoWV just as 7rpTroY in 33 is used after
KpivoTreS.
829. 6peo q Xoyov, would guide his speech aright, i. e. speak the truth?
831. racl'rqv iUpav: when the conditions beginning with yciduots in
825 would be fulfilled.
832. caLC1v a4Cavfos: as in 560.-'LSEtv (G. 274, N.; H. 768).
835. EKI40Tqs (G. 239, 2; H. 758 and 760, a).
837. The infin. phrase, TO'V...wpoorLE tVctL, is in apposition with rooa-oOTov and is modified by 6ovov. - Tbv toTiqpac: cf. as to syntax TOP, rpoXvXdTrlZ' in 806.
838. And what, pray, dost thou expect after he shall come? -- ewac'pvou:
SC. atroO.
839, 840. qv yap, K. T. X.: the moods as in 216 and 218.
841. wripLuco'v, remarkable.
842. Cf. 716. -Xqo',rTs: emphatic by its position. In construction as
A4'o' in 224. - EvvweLv: representing the imperfect indicative.
843. KavaKE~vacXLev (G. 203; H. 717, b; M. 21, 2, a).
844;y&: emphatic. -Cf. note on 124, 125.
845. Tots: the restrictive article distinguishing wro tXo;s as before mentioned.
846. ot$tovov (OI'O~ and'pvvvut), girt up alone, i. e. travelling alone, since
to gird one's self was a necessary preparation for a journey.
847. Edrwov: as the heavier side of the scale.
848. cliv&v, uttered. Note the change of meaning from the root signification of qalvo, and cf. the example given in the note on 187. -cs Wcavfv
(M. 113, N. 10, b). Jocasta speaks with all possible emphasis.
849. eKpaXtehLv, to retract. - waXLv: not of time, but strengthening &Kg3aXe?v, as in the English phrase, "to take a thing back."
851. 8' ozv, so then. - irI, in any respect.
852. " Will never show the murder of Laius to be in true accordance with the
130 NOTES.
prophecy." CAMP.- Jocasta's attempt to show that the oracle concerning
Laius had totally miscarried, although made with the intent of calming the
mind of CEdipus, was irrelevant, for entirely disregarding everything else he
was now all concerned to know what were the facts of the triple crossroads. And so, while assenting in 859 to what she had said, he persisted
in demanding that the oiKe6s (756) should be brought at once.
853. hpOv: predicative, as in 506. - 8v yE, K. T. X.: a causal sentence
(G. 238).
854. SLEitE: &aC in composition here means expressly or distinctly.
855. Cf. 720 sqq.- vv: Laius.
857, 858. vdcvas: governed by o&CveKa. -- orE SE — 8 o'E Tsf8e, neither this way nor that..be —7'6 are used without particular reference.
The design is to show her utter contempt for all oracles.
859. Epy7L'qv: the OlKEdS of 756.
862. yap: giving a reason for 7ri4'w aXf6a ao'a in 861. -& (for iv, which
gets its case by attraction) od ooi fiXov (lari el 7rpataL). - CEdipus and
Jocasta retire into the palace.
863 sqq. The following ode, although far from being unintelligible at
any point, is nevertheless throughout designedly obscure. Serving as it
does to give pause to the action of the play, it is immediately called forth
by the daring impiety of the queen. And yet, though she has outraged the
religious sentiments of the Chorus, it dares not express its censure openly,
since she is its queen, but to a greater or less degree veils its reproof. In the
first strophe it prays that as it ever has lived obedient to the laws that the
gods have laid on mankind, so it may ever continue to live thus. The
hearer could not but contrast this pious prayer with the irreverent sentiments of Jocasta in 851 - 858.
863-865. May it be my lot ever to be characterized by reverential purity in
all my words and deeds; for these (the words and deeds of men), laws have
been ordained on high, etc. "In place of the infinitive odpetr attaching
itself to AmoL 4vveqt /oipa and completing the notion /opa, the participle is
immediately joined on to vvetl gkot, so that from it the infinitive is to be
understood. In the participle is implied the consciousness of having thus
far lived purely; hence, also, T&v ege7rrov i&yvelav." SCHiN. - iE: as in
697.- Eoic'rerov: actively, as if ebo-efi. - rpoKELVaCLL, have been set forth.
866. ae04pL (G. 190; H. 612).
867. "OXvrros: the seat of the gods. Used as we do the word
" Heaven," meaning thereby the sovereign of heaven, the Omnipotent.
868. vCv, them, i. e. the v/oyot of 865.
870. Nor will they ever sleep or be forgot. The same figure of a sleeping
(unenforced) law in -
NOTES. 131
The law hath not been dead, though it 7bth slept:
now,'t is awake.
MEASURE FOR MEASURE, Act II., Scene 2.
871, 872. Great is the divine power in these, and it grows not old.
873 sqq. In the antistrophe the Chorus indulges in reflections upon the
direful consequences of a spirit of lawlessness, when developed in the ruler
of a state, and calls to mind, in contrast, the patriot, who strives only for
his country's weal; it prays God never to suffer this spirit of patriotism to
be lessened, and professes an unshaken confidence in Him.
873. ui4pLs fv'reE'L'r'pvvwov, a spirit of lawless violence begets the tyrant.
Note -r6papvov. In the following verses;[pts personified, presumptuous
and insolent and for the time successful, is represented as mounting to the
topmost height, and in her mad course suddenly precipitated headlong over
the precipice into the dark abyss below, where she finds her foot of no use
to save her. fSpas is the opposite of the egtreTrrov &yefla, X67ycv gpywv re
dvpTrwop already mentioned. There is a concealed reference to Jocasta, who
has insolently avowed her utter lack of faith in oracles and her determination, hereafter, to give them no heed. In like manner, in the general case
cited in 879, the Chorus cannot but remember the earnest, patriotic zeal of
its now deeply involved king, manifested not in the case of the Sphinx
alone, but throughout his entire reign.
874 sqq. If she be idly glutted with much that is neither seasonable nor profitable, having mounted to the topmost height rushes into rugged doom, where she uses
herfoot to no purpose. -- ELt rEp7rXqcrAO: the particle as in 198. - Farctav,
idly, to no purpose, without satisfying her appetite for more.
876. &ir6ooov: to be taken with &vCyKKMv.
877. d'pova-ev (G. 205, 2, and 225, ad fin.; H. 707).
878. XPlrTaL: indicative (G. 123, N. 2; H. 371, c).
880. OEv: " Here generalized more completely than elsewhere in Sopho.
cles." CAMP.
883 sqq. In the second strophe the Chorus imprecates an evil fate on
him who transgresses the ordinances of Heaven, at the same time expressing its confidence that his punishment is certain and sure. In the antistrophe it becomes far more specific in its references than at any time before,
and declares that if the ancient oracle concerning Laius shall not be exactly
fulfilled, then the honor of the gods is at an end. The Chorus is not to
be regarded as doubting the ultimate triumph of right and the overthrow
of presumptuous wickedness, but only impatient and more or less bewildered, that the vindication of the infallibility of the sacred oracle is so long
delayed.
132 NOTES.
883, 884. vrrwporrTa: adverbially, disdainfully, haughtily. - XEpo' v
oXdyc: cf. X6ywuv Epoywco e in 864, 865. The character here drawn (883891) is in marked contrast to that to which the Chorus piously aspires in
863- 865.
885. ALKas: as aciortiwv in 191.
886. ScLLqvwv SVq, the sanctuaries qf the gods. Jocasta had cast open
insult upon the oracle at Delphi.
887. XkOLTo, may claim himfor her own!
889. The condition begun in 883 is resumed with emphasis. - -1l modifies KepSavdE and ptETacLL, but not t~Eca.
890. -rTv &o&'rwrov, from unholy deeds, the opposite of e6oewrrov in 864.YpeaTCLL: from pywv (depyw).
891. Or shall wantonly lay hold on things sacred. —'riv &O~KTroV: cf. the
gen. in 709.
892 sqq. In its excitement the Chorus has highly wrought its description of the sins of the offender. The vivid portrayal of his offences seals
its conviction, so consonant with its wish, that he cannot escape punishment, and it breaks forth, what man, pray, in such circumstances, shall longer
boast that he wards offfrom his soul the arrows of wrath?
893. evuyv, the wrath of the gods. Lexx., II., 4: 11., 2. Intensive plural.
895. It is the fate of the Chorus to be subject to conflicting and rapidly
changing opinions. For the moment doubt takes hold on it. Notice the
form of hypothesis (G. 221; H. 745).
896. Td SEt [E XOPEVELv: "These words are to be understood of the
sacred dances common at the festivals of the gods, and so of their worship." WIUNDER. The other interpretation of Xopebewt, to perform the part
of the chorus, necessarily supposes that the Chorus has forgotten its historic
character.
897. The apodosis in 897- 900 finds its protasis in 901, 902.
898. IclXakodv: cf. 480. - o-cd4ov, with reverential soul.
899.'Aato'L: Abae, an ancient town of Phocis. Near it was a celebrated temple and oracle of Apollo.
900.'OXvjrrCav,: the temple and sacred grove of Zeus Olympius, situated somewhat west of Pisa in Elis. An oracle of the Olympian god
existed on this spot from the most ancient times.
901, 902.'crie: the oracle of Apollo given to Laius on the one hand,
and the actual facts connected with his death at the cross-roads on the
other. -XeLpdSELKTac, K. T. X., shall manifestly coincide in the sight of all men.
903. &gKOVELS: see lexx., III., 1.
904. wravzr' &vro —crw, all-ruling, the all-ruler, predicate to ciaoK06e. - XMkoL:
an impers. verb, whose subject is the thought in 906 - 910.
NOTES. 133
908. ataLpoU-Lv, they set aside. The plural in a general way, though the
reference evidently is to Jocasta.
909. And nowhere is Apollo in manifest honor.
911. Jocasta here enters from the palace with attendants. How little
true piety she has, is seen from her language: I have taken the fancy into my
head to go to the temples of the gods. See Introduction. - X(pac EVCKTIES, ye
nobles of the land. Cf. the terms used in addressing them by the idtciyyeXo
in 1223.
913. croTEb,, suppliant boughs. In v. 3 the poet calls them K\d3oi L'irpot.
914. For the soul of (Edipus is sorely tossed on high by all sorts of griefs.
a'pEL OvuLbV OLS'rrovs, where we should have expected rather ac'perat 6 Ofi7rov Ov/o6s. The Schol. enumerates as the causes of his disquietude, asrpov
rO O6'opY Ti) 7'V y -vyauKa gxetv T70 aYv'p-ryov' 7'ri wrpoo'lOKLcw/dL /7VP -'
U7 /U0 66vacOaa dva'rpifOat 7rp'is 7TOb OLKElOV. T7' UOS TWO XpIo'WV.
915. 6,rota, as.
916. T& KcLLvd: the words of Tiresias, who had declared (Edipus the
murderer. Tots wr&XL: the oracle that Laius should perish by the hands
of his own son, concerning the miscarriage of which Jocasta has not the
shadow of a doubt. And she thinks that, since the god has been shown
in fault in this oracle, no reliance should be placed on the words of his
prophet, Tiresias. It will be observed that she fails to remember that the
cause of the fears of CEdipus is not nearly so much the assertions, in themselves considered, of the seer, as the fearful coincidence in time and place
of his own bloody slaughter, in a moment of uncontrollable anger, of five
travellers, with the death of Laius and his party. Indeed, it may be said
that, for the time, (Edipus lets oracles and seers pass from his mind. Much
nearer home to him are facts too terrible to contemplate. No wonder his
soul sits on the borders of distraction!
917. c0TL (G. 28, N. 1, (3)). — E: as in 198. — 4o'ovs: i. e. eopepd.
918. Since then I effect nothing.
919. In place of going to the temples (912), she contents herself with
making her prayer before the first (d/yxtr~ros) image of a god that presents
itself as she comes from the palace, which happens to be that of Apollo.
This is in keeping with the want of piety that she has before shown.
920. KarEvyFlacLrLV: see lexx.
921. ea/ayf, that shall free (eb) us of our guilt ("ArFO).
923. ubs (I&v Kvocev vata7 iK7rew'Xrgyov) KvUPepDv7ll YeaS (tPX7roYves).
The simile is condensed.
924 sqq. The entrance of the messenger interrupts the worship of Jocasta, who, when he comes in and begins to speak, turns and listens. He
134 NOTES.
enters through the eastern parodos, and, while questioning the Chorus,
stands in the orchestra. But for this man's coming, the facts of the birth
of (Edipus would not have been brought to light. For the herd, for whom
they had sent, though he had recognized in (Edipus the murderer of Laius,
had no thought that he was the child whom he had been commnissioned to
expose to death on Cithaeron. The messenger from Corinth supplies the
missing link, though himself unacquainted with the fact that the child,
whom he had received from the herd's hands years ago, was the son of
Laius.
925. iLrTv (G. 28, N. 1, (2); H. 111, c).
926. I. e., uciXWra 8' ef'7raG''rov avrTos eort,, el Kdi&TTre.
927. The choragus points with his right hand first to the palace before
which they stand, and then, lowering his arm somewhat, with respectful
gesture to the queen.
928. And this lady is the mother of his children.- -yuvl Si iJrtqp Ije: the
Schol. says that there is a studied ambiguity in the arrangement of these
words, suggestive to the spectator of the terrible fact soon to be revealed,
that Jocasta, namely, is the wife-mother of CEdipus.
929. He bows low to the queen as he speaks.
929- 932. So Jessica and Portia exchange fair wishes with one another
in the Merchant of Venice, Act III., Scene 4.
930. KELVOvU o'TravTEXhS.8$4jap, his perfect wife, said, says the Schol., with
reference to rTcV reK1COY in 928, children being the object of wedlock. "Here
seems to be a masterly allusion to the real state of things. The very messenger, whose intelligence leads to the fatal discovery, lays emphatic stress
upon the married felicity of Jocasta." BUCKLEY.
931. aiTcs, hoc ipso modo. It is worthy of note that the Laur. MS. writes
this word here with the rough breathing.
932. With natural (feminine?) curiosity Jocasta does not stop to send
for CEdipus, but at once asks the man what his business is.
934. The messenger ascends its steps and stands upon the stage. - Sc.
o-17Yivat OXw. So in the next line, e-Vz'ar OeXets.
936. As he was not officially sent, but had undertaken the journey on
his own responsibility and for his own advantage (1005, 1006), he replies
in general terms, from Corinth. - 9Iros: the antecedent is assimilated to the
case of the relative immediately following it. jSouat governs the dative.
937. From iros 8' 1oK Iv, &v must be supplied with iSoLo and &cX&XkXoLs.
- 4Soto: because the kingdom of Corinth would now fall to her husband.
cLcXiiXXOLs: because her (supposed) father-in-law had died. The Schol.
says, &&l T'o darlva Otl31rov, ea'rl Tc OlKera.
NOTES. 135
939, 940. 7rtOavs 6o &dyyeXos r' ijia 7rpw rov cirayiyXXet, 7rp2v eilrev, r&
rzepi Oavrrov. SCHOL. -'IcOULas, Corinthian.
943. We can well believe the cold-hearted Jocasta to be overjoyed at
what she hears.
945. She despatches an attendant to tell (Edipus. Oepa7raavr& KeXe(et.
SCHOL. - (S 7TXos: i. e.'s arXLra."'
947. Wv' o'rT: more an exclamation.than interrogation, see where ye are!
So the Schol.,'r7rou (not iroO) ekrr.
949. wpbs r'f]s Tv'Xqs, by course of nature, by a natural death.
950. (Edipus. hurriedly enters through the central door of the palace and
at once addresses Jocasta, not regarding the messenger.
951. ~ewtEsro: causative middle, why hast thou had me called out?
952. For the change of the verb, cf. 54 and 414.
953. erFva: contemptuously, as o-eu/v6CaV'riv, 556.
954. He turns and scans the man standing by, but still questions Jo.
casta.
955. ayyEXov (G. 277, 3; H. 789. d).
956. Ls OVKETL O6VTMr (G. 280 and N. 4; H. 797 and 795, e). Cf. 959
below, where, since the messenger himself speaks, the Ws does not occur..957. To the messenger himself. -- a'qivas yevof: for,uhr~vov. - o'q+vas (M. 108, 2, N. 6).
958. The messenger would prefer to tell his good news first. Cf. the
Schol. on 939, 940.
959. 0MvCirL-ov PEPfrlqKOST: lit. has gone dead. Similarly in German, mit
dem Tode abgegangen ist.
960. By treachery or visitation of disease?
963. Strictly literally, and by the long too being-measured-with (it, sc. air'
referring to Xp6va) time; i. e. yea, and by the years too, whose long course he
had measured. Possibly ovuLeFTpoiv'pevos expresses manner (see lex.), the
dative not being causal, as in the first interpretation, but depending on
the participle.
964. j~9O 4EO: expressing not so much grief as wonder passing into
momentary exultation, which, however, quickly subsides when he thinks
of his still living mother (97.6).
965. The prophetic shrine at Pytho.
966. 6pVLS: ace. plur. — v u4nyqr9Tv: gen. abs.
967. Was to kill myfather.-'- EkXXov (G. 98, 3, and 202, 3, N.; H. 711).
968. KIE0i': intransitively. See lexx.
969. +luavuoros (a priv. and ia6co,'A'O2, to touch) is used actively. Cf.
eto-rerrov in 864. Sc. etal. -— ELp=eo0v used objectively.
970. OiTrw (G. 226, 1, last ex.; H. 751).
136 NOTES.
971. 8' obv, however that may be (de), true it is that (oO).
972. &gL' o8SEv6s, so that they are worth nothing. Note the position of
these words. (Edipus does not speak them with bold confidence, but is
in the anomalous position of a man saying what he wishes above all else
to say believingly and what the facts seem to render an inevitable conclusion, and yet speaking with no great assurance.
975. is OuvFo.v IciXs, take to heart.
976. Immediately after saying in 972 that the oracles (791-793) were
worth nothing (and that conclusion was seemingly unavoidable), he here
is terrified at the thought of the possibility of their being in part, at least,
fulfilled. This corresponds well with what Jocasta declares concerning
him in 914 sqq.
977. Notice that 4 of this verse stands syntactically in the second relative sentence also, after Fo'rTCv. - The form of the question TrC...&vOparwos,
implies the negative affirmation, o5 6' &v ofpoi7r' dvOpwTros, man should not
fear. The idea of propriety or obligation, however, conveyed by the word
should does not come from the optative, qoP/ooro, (the optative mood never
has this force in Greek), but from the suppressed protasis, which supplied,
the sentence would be, man wouLD not fear, if he should do as he ought. &v
(opoi'ro is the ordinary potential optative. - -' Trf& s TrVX.s (G. 141, N. 4).
979. lrrwos, K. T. X., as one best can. For the mood cf. 315.
980. Eis $.i o5peov, have no fear of.
982. T'iO'ra: oracles, dreams, and the like.
983. rcap' o8e'v, for nothing, as nothing.
985. EKVpEL go-t: see 258, 259.
987. KaMl alv, and yet. The words both introduce another statement to
be added to what has been said in 977-983, and in particular express opposition to what CEdipus has just said.
988. Tris $orqs: objective gen. depending on qb56os. The thought is
i Noa 5oPe? ALe.
989. But say further, on account of what woman feel ye so great fear? The
messenger has been listening to what has been said with great interest.
See lex., Kat, B, II., 2.
991. But what is there that leads you to fear her? - -KECVS: as r'qr Aisr
above.
992. OBEXkrmov: the same word in 255.
994. ~&kXL(TrT YE, most certainly it is. Sc. pr'p6v. y' strengthens.dkcXc-ra.
Cf. iKto7trd ye in 1386. -For the oracle see 791-793.
997. 4i K6pwvOos, K. r. X.: lit. Corinth was long ago emigrated from by me
a long way, i. e. for many years I have had my honze far from Corinth, e i o9
NOTES. 137
occurring for bjr' 4Toi. IrdcXact aKpcp v dlrw.bovv (first pers. sing. ) r^s KoplvOov,
would be the more common way of expressing the thought; but the case
is quite parallel to the not unusual, though inelegant, construction in our
own language of an intransitive verb in the passive voice with a preposition, the object of the preposition when the verb is in the active voice
becoming its subject when changed to the passive. Cf. -
There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio,
Than are dream'd of in your philosophy.
HIAMLET, Act I., Scene 5.
998. E1'TvX(s: referring to his overthrow of the Sphinx, marriage, and
sovereignty.
999. And all these years one of his parents at least had been ever by
his side!
1000. The messenger is somewhat taken aback at what (Edipus has said.
He came to announce good news, but had no idea that he would be able to
do the king so great a benefit as he now sees it lies in his power to do him,
namely, by a word (the announcement that Polybus and Merope are not
his parents) release him from a great fear. - In r'CSE the messenger refers
to both parts of the oracle. But in the next line, 1001, CEdipus in his
overpowering horror of rb iU?7y~'at /xarpt thinks that in rTde he has referred
to this part of the oracle alone, and so answers, 7rarp6 s re, K. r. X. - KEiOEV,
K. r. X., hast thou been selfbanishedftom there?
1002, 1003. Tn Sfw' Ey~, K. T. X.,for what reason then do I not free thee
from thisfear? The question, although addressed to (Edipus, is really propounded to himself, why do I delay to end his fear? For this use of the
aorist see M. 19, N. 6, ad fin. - EzXuovru'1jv (G. 199, 2; H. 689). Even
now, as the voice of the verb shows, the thought of personal advantage is
present to him. Cf. 1005, 1006.
1004. The messenger had virtually said, i- will free thee, and so (Edipus
replies, Kal lPiv, K.'r X. - Sc. el roOhe roo^ 6/Pov 12 EKX&cetas.
1005. The word XcipLv suggests anew to this man what a hold for gratitude he has on the king, and so, easily forgetting the feeling that prompted
him in 1002 to instant revelation, he keeps delaying the vital statement
down to 1016, thinking that his reward will be greater in direct ratio to
the strength of the reaction in the mind of the king. - TO -ro = ah& rTOTO.
1006. ropbs s8oovs: i. e. to Corinth. - Eb irpC&aL+L. (G. 165, N. 2).
1007. 6boii, together with. —rots veuTcraco-rlv = rTf /vpl.. (Edipus accepted
the fact that Polybus was dead.
1008. ircet, my son. An address warranted by the old man's years.
138 NOTES.
UEdipus calls him'ylpov in 943, and again in the line following the present
one, yepate.
1011. i'Xkq oeaclcs, may turn out true. Cf. uaris in 390.
1012. Sc. Tapgets. — Q vTEvorvryWy: as in 1007.
1014 prpbs SKlS oi8'v, from no just cause. — rp4cwv (G. 280; H. 799).
1016. 0ooVvEKa., because. — o'l oi8'v &v yeveL, of no kin to thee,, yYvet
being equal to Eyyevzs. o5v'6v is used adverbially.
1018. Toise r&vSpOds: as in 815.-Says the messenger, he was no more
thy father than l am.
1019. And how can my father be my father no more than he who is nothing
of the kind? Sc. 6if'qvuoe ye from 1017. —T'r!rtSEvy: Sch. explains by
completing, 7TW /x-0eVL (b'VrT Ka-c' ye rib qpbo-aa u/e), i. e., ro~ xniev 56oarCrt.
1021. &WvoJaLETo: the middle conveys less forcibly the idea that -6v with
raba would have done.
1022. Xajwv: causal. - By taking and adopting the child, Polybus
bound himself to raise him as his own son.
1023. Sc. Xa/q3%, though he had taken me, from 1022.
1029. Etwl 01TEi'zrXvrs:' t10-roS Kao K' l teuo'0r4 wXdvg. ScHsOL. -rrX&'lvtqs: the man took his flocks in the summer from Corinth to Mount Citharon for pasturage.
1030. c'FrKVOv: cf. on 1008. The address further comes appropriately
from the man who had for a time exercised a father's care for the foundling.
1031. "The question is supposed to be suggested by the word or-cip;
i. e.'From what pain that I was suffering in my misfortunes did you rescue
me?' but is introduced, as the Scholiast properly observes, in order to lead
to the mention of the personal mark by which Jocasta's conviction is brought
home. In his eagerness to' delve to the root" the mystery of his birth,
(Edipus is wholly unconscious of the effect which fact after fact he elicits
has upon the mind of the queen — the horror of whose discovery is the
chief interest of this part of the play, and who may be supposed to remain
immovable until her outbreak in i. 1056. The same explanation applies to
1. 1037, which adds poignancy to the stroke." CAMP.
1032. &pOpov ('AP-, to join), the part of the limb where the foot is articu.
lated to the ankle. See 718.
1034. &vro'povs: see lexx., II. —rrosotv &KiLs ('AKH', a point), the
extremities of thy feet, meaning exactly what is expressed by dpOpa above.
When the child was exposed on the mountain, thongs were passed through
his limbs between the so-called tendo Achillis and the bones of the ankle,
and his feet were thus bound together.
1035. c'rapyacvov, from my swaddling-bands. See, however, the lexx.,
sub voce, for another interpretation.
.NOTES. 139
1036. 8s ed: i. e. OltsCous, from oio~w, to swell, from OI'AO, a swelling, and IIOT'X, afoot.
1037. Not to be taken with Po/aci-rOs in the preceding verse, but rather,
was the cruel deed done by my mother or my Jfther? It is evident that he was
named Oibl7rovs by neither mother nor father. -irpo's; in two different significations with the same case.
1040. OSK: SC. avCrbs TUvX&V iXapov, o&K negativing UvXyv.
1042. 84irov, l am quite sure. - dvolpitEro: here passive. Cf. 1021.
1043. The prose order and expression would be, probably: X roo Tiooef
T7e 7yjs 7raXCat 7rore -UvpivvovU;
1044. piJLcrra, yes.
1045. pJE is the subject of the infinitive.
1046. ELSEtTIE: for the longer form, eilelrlre.
1047. (Edipus addresses the citizens immediately at hand, the old men
who compose the Chorus.
1050. epije-0ua (G. 202, N. 2, second ex.). The tense is emphatic, the
timefor full discovery.
1051. piev is correlative to &'Tp in the next line.. — obv' &XXov: sc.
auriv Jvpl7retp.
1053. ovX 4KL-ra = ipt-a. - For the repeated 5v, see on 339.
1054. voets, hast thou in mind.
1055..LLE'leo-0c: imperf. mid. from 1i5iylu.-v- TvE, K. X. X.: lit. does
this man (oS-ios, i.e. o aiyyeXos, in speaking of the man who gave him the
child) speak of that one (r6obe, i.. ovra' a dpTrto,, K. T. X.)? —i. e. is he the
man of whom he speaks?
1056. TC, K. r. X., but why ask of whom he spoke? The fatal truth has at
length dawned on Jocasta. So overcome as not to see that her effort to,conceal will only the more excite CEdipus to investigation, as it does, she
wildly and unsuccessfully endeavors to dissuade him from further inquiry.
— Il v, K. r. K.: note the asyndeton.
1057. IRd'mlv: to be taken with,q1levra.
1058. 8rrws is the declarative conjunction, equalling 8n, and the clause
it introduces is in apposition with roiTo. See 548.
1061. &XLs vooa-oir' Eyo~: lit. I suffering (am) enough, i. e. it is enough
that I should be tormented. This construction of an adverb in the predicate modifying the subject is unusual.
1062, 1063. (Edipus thinks Jocasta is horrified at the thought that he
may be of plebeian birth. -o8S' S&v'rpnr*s, K. r. X., not even if my mother
and hers and hers be thrice-proved slaves. - KaKAi, of low birth.
1065. jit ovi (G. 283, 7; H. 847).
140 NOTES.
1066. K1at fiv, and yet.
1067. roClvuv, why now. —7r&Xak (G. 200, N. 4).
1068. Ss: the simple relative in indirect question.
1069. Both the personal attendants of (Edipus here leave the stage
through the side door in the eastern parascenium to execute his command.
1070. Said with a touch of irony. He still supposes that all her efforts
to dissuade him from following up the clew of his birth are prompted by
her fear that he will be proved plebeian. - TaCv'rnv: emphatic.
1072. Impious woman though she was, the wretchedness of the doomed
queen could not but move the spectators to pity. With this wild wail
upon her lips, she rushes into the palace through the middle door, bent
on suicide.
1074. STrrws p.i (G. 218, N. 1; H. 743, a).
1075. &wvapplgeL is used intransitively with KMKM' as subject. So'jnqyv1ST
in the next line.
1076. XpiiEL: sc. IoKciaTr.
1077. But I will choose to see my origin, even if it is mean.
1078. povet cWs yvvi pyca, is high-mindedfor a woman.
1080. He calls himself the son of Fortune, proverbially fickle, but to
him, in the main, heretofore beneficent, Tqs eS 8SL&ovols.
1082. Trs: used demonstratively (G. 140 and N. 4, ad fin.; H. 524
and a). "The article as a demonstrative is generally accompanied, in
Sophocles, by ycip or U4." CAMP. - oYYEVEts, connate. Sc. 4Eoi.
1083. pLKPbV KaQ pkEYyav: referring to the fact that, though once a foundling, he was afterwards a king's adopted son; and that though once a selfexiled wanderer, he is now himself a king. - SL'pLoa-v: &ia. in composition
here means by turns, at one timne-, at another time-.
1084, 1085. Being the child of Fortune and having experienced many
changes of life, I could never hereafter turn out other than that which I
have been (whatever, that is, be the result of the present investigation it
will leave me only what I have been before); so that I have no sufficient
motive for refusing to learn my race. After such vicissitudes of fortune
mere fear of changing my estate cannot deter me from the investigation of
my birth.
1086-1109. Hyporchema. TRANSLATION: --
STROPHE.
If my prophetic soul (doth well divine,
Ere on thy brow to-morrow's sun shall shine,
Cithaeron! thou the mystery shalt unfold:
The doubtful (Edipus, no longer blind,
Shall soon his country and his father find,
And all the story of his birth be told:
NOTES. 141
Then shall we in grateful lays,
Celebrate our monarch's praise,
And in the sprightly dance our songs triumphant raise.
ANTISTROPHE.
What heavenly power gave birth to thee, O king?
From Pan, the god of mountains, didst thou spring,
With some fair daughter of Apollo joined?
Art thou from him who o'er Cyllene reigns,
Swift Hermes, sporting in Arcadia's plains?
Some nymph of Helicon did Bacchus find;Bacchus, who delights to rove
Through the forest, hill, and grove,
And art thou, prince, the offspring of their love?
FRANCKLIN.
1086 sqq. (Edipus remains on the stage anxiously awaiting the coming
of the herdsman. Taking up the thought to which the king has given
utterance, the Chorus sings a joyful ode, whose confident tone serves to
give greater emphasis to the coming catastrophe.
1087. KcLT& d yvcCLv'lSPLS: this explains what the Chorus means when it
calls itself JV'TLSs. It is not in any strict sense a prophet, but thinks it
sees with prophetic eye the facts that the day will bring to light. Cf. the
remarkably similar language of Milton:If there be aught of presage in the mind,
This day will be remarkable, etc.
SAMSON AGONISTES, 1387, 1388.
1088. "OXkvrrov: see 0e6v in 661.
1089. KLOcatpv: cf. 1026.
1090. T&v acplov rravcrE'X-qvov: sc. iy1/pav, on the full-mooned morrow.
The use of the ace. without a preposition to express the time "in which"
is poetic. - OiK fep, ELs TV'a acptoi &reipca'Los 7To0 /IcLS avleP c, 0,s Tpo0bj, Kai
Ar77pas roD Oili7rohog. SCHOL.
1091 sq. Of our celebrating thee as not only compatriot of (Edipus, but also
nurse and mnother. Wunder, following Elmsley, makes the Kal before 7rarptCTav correlative with the Kal before xope6eoOat. He also construes Oil7rov
with rpoqoY, and Au'qrepa, the predicate objects of aiicev; thus —rarpcLbrqs
Tpoq6s Kalt,t7'qp Ois7rov. Elmsley gives the following as the order': ci' oi
Kac Tpo2o', Kal cprW'pa (Corinthum scilicet et Thebas) ad'etv ere ('s dyra) rarp&bravu Ol&17rov. -g1 or (G. 283, 7 and 6; H. 847 and a).
1094. Wcs irbqjpa, K. T. X., as one who was doing (~[povra (G. 204, N. I;
M. 16, 2)) oqlces of kindness to my king. - cEpovrCa modifies the subject (ea
understood) of Xope6eeOat, which is passive.
142 NOTES.
1096. ij';E: see on 154.
1098-1102. Order: nis (mret'K) 0e, T&KVOV, TS rav UpaKpaUSVwv Kopiav reXaOebfo' opeaTtfcidra 7rarpbos IlHavbs TLK7Tr oe, i TLS evY'Tretpa Ao~tov (b71K-r)
cg ye;
1099. Kopav::in the same case as aiorpa7ra, in 200. The nymphs are
meant.
1100. IIavos (G. 176, 2; H. 582, a). -- proc-rL3plra (G. 39, Gen. Sing.;
H. 136, rem. d).
1101. o- ye, THEE, i. e. seeing thou art who thou art, seeing thou art
so sapient as thou art. - L. reads, X ah ye Ovydi7rp Aotlov. Cf. Franklin's
translation.
1102. Tol: i. e. Loxias. As -ris in 1082, on which see the note.
1104. E'L' (edie), not to be mistaken for e0e. Before the indirect disjunctive question sc. /'ovvov or an equivalent word. - 6 KivXXQvas v&oara-cov: Hermes (Mercury), born in a cave of Mount Cyllene in Arcadia. Sc.
TrLKrT'Te.
1105 sqq. Or the god Bacchus, whose home is on the tops of the mountains,
received thee,foundling that thou wast, from some one of the leliconian Nymphs,
with whom he ofttimes sports. - ovwJlraCLite: euphemistic.
1107. iprlcL: said with reference to verse 1026, where note particularly
ep v'. - The thought of the antistrophe is:- Surely, OEdipus, thou art
of no human stock. What nymph-mother bore thee to Pan, or to Apollo,
or to Hermes, or to Bacchus?
1108. Nvuj_&v: as in 1099.
1110, 1111. (Edipus sees the herd approaching at a distance.- If it at
all befits me too, who have never (L'e, H. 841) before met with him, to conjecture,
etc. -7rpE'pr3ELs: he addresses the Chorus. -" The unconsciousness of
(Edipus is specially marked at the beginning of the scene in which he is to
learn all (also in 1115, 1116)." CAMP.
1112, 1113. ev'E yap, K. T. X.,for both in respect to his advanced years does
he exactly accord with this man, etc. — rSe'r&vSpL: he indicates by a slight
gesture the messenger from Corinth.
1114, 1115. lXXWos, K. T. X., and besides, I recognize those who are conducting him as domestics of my own. —'yvolaK: to have distinguished by some mark
or other, so to recognize. -'L0Tr[lV,q, actual knowledge of the man. Contrasted with the preceding o-rabOctoOat..- a-iv: he addresses the leader of
the Chorus.
1117, 1118. Yes (sc. rpoS6oqe' ai&v (ou), for I recognize him, know it of a
surety. For he was the herdsman of Laius, and for his degree faithful, if ever
any one was. - Cs voiJers &vip: cf. 6s y' dvsp 6oiXos in 763.
NOTES. 143
1120. j rodvS& 4pm'eLS: cf. r6ov' OrTOS XIyet in 1055.
1121. The old man, who is now ascending the stage, avoids meeting
the eye of the king for fear he will recognize him as one of the five present
when Laius was slain. Cf. 758 sqq. - ov'ros cr: see 532.
1123. i: as in 801.
1126. Staying with (sc. thy flocks) in what places most?- Obs. the unusual
position of the interrogative.
1129. The herdsman had not as yet distinguished the Corinthian messenger from the other attendants present. In the preceding line Cldipus
had made but a slight, hurried gesture in referring to him. — rotov, K. T. X.,
what man too dost thou mean?
1130. He now points him out distinctly.- q, K. T. X., hast thou ever yet
had anything to do with him? (H. 706; M. 19, N. 4, (a)).
1131. No, at least I cannot say so at once (i. e. I must have time to: think),
and by the mere aid of my memory.
1132. KOiS&V, K. T. X., yes, and no wonder.
1133. &yvyTa': Schol. Min., ertXa6/Yeov,, since he hasforgotten. Actively,
as in 677.
1134. {!~os: poetic adverb of time used to introduce the indirect question, where roir,uos would have been more regular (H. 825, b).- Trorov:
an ace. dependent on the verb (participle) which must be supplied to express the motion necessarily antecedent to the state expressed by;irXlo-Cratov, say AX0dv.
1135, 1136. The verb with its immediate modifiers is adapted in construction to iyw/. A similar adaptation must be made to ob RIv. - T-PES, K.
Tr. X., three entire periods qf six months each, from spring until early autumn.
1137. cpKrTOfpov: about the middle of September.
1138, 1139. XELpCvL,, when winter came. An ace. of specification involv.
ing the idea of time. - rLracLvX and oraCLOp4 mean here just the same thing,
folds.
1140. Do I relate any one of these things as it happened, or not? wrEarpatyp..
vov expresses the manner of the action.
1141. When the herdsman was brought into the presence of the king,
his fear was that he would be forced to reveal what he knew of the murder
of Laius. The fact that long years ago, by the order of the king and
queen, he had exposed their child to death on Mount Cithneron, and then,
moved by compassion, had given it to another shepherd, was not now
present to his mind. When that time is suddenly and harshly called up,
and he sees, in the man before him, him to whom he had given the infant
son (of whose fate, after the transaction, he probably knew nothing at all),
144 NOTES.
his fear is doubled. Jocasta, from whom he had carefully kept the fact,
may now learn that her son had never perished! See the dramatic power
of the poet. This man, acquainted with these two facts known to no other
mortal, still does not see the terrible connection between them!
1144. Not knowing just what to say to avoid committing himself, the
herdsman halts in his answer. A slight pause after oN-t and a resumption
of the question in another form. -- roiTO'rowos, this question, ace. cogn.
1145. X Tr&v, O friend.
1146. For the first time the terrible truth flashes in on him! For a
moment he gazes at the messenger from Corinth in dumb amazement.
Then terror at the revelation, and instantaneous and overpowering anger
at the man who had made it, overwhelm him, and he raises his hand for a
blow. - OV1K ELS, K. Tr. X.: cf. 430. - cownro-as: cf. 580.
1147, 1148. The man had given slow and unsatisfactory answers, which
added to his present action might well exasperate (Edipus, impatient to
learn all. - KXatE: sc. 7rX-7iY, strike him not. Much the more vivid interpretation, and better suited to the following KokXco-ov.
1150. See lexx., uses of Utoropi4.
1151. "' He is speaking in ignorance, and laboring in vain;' i. e. He
is seeking your favor, but the tendency of his speech is the very opposite,
though he knows it not." CAMP.
1152. Thou wilt not speak to oblige me, but shalt be compelled to do so.
1153. rbov yipovr i [E, me, old man that I am.
1154. (Edipus will have the truth. - 6s raxos: cf. on 945.
1155. 8ivow'nivos: sc. eycg (G. 157, N.; H. 541).
1156. 8v oi'ros taoropEt, about whom he inquires of thee?
1157. h{jEkov (G. 251, N. 1; H. 721, b, ad fin.). — ad8' Ij1ips: when I
gave him to him.
1158.!/, K. T'. X., that is, if thou dost not say what is right. - To-VSLKOV,
what thou shouldst. Not the truth, since the man's refusal to speak, not his
want of truthfulness, was the trouble.
1159. rroXX yE, even much, etc. - SLO8XXva c (G. 200, N. 7; H. 699, a).
Cf. 6wXkas in 1166.
1160. es, K.'r. X., will drive at delays.
1161. akXaL modifies &Erov. - Sotv v: see first part of 1157.
1162. OIKEtov, of thine own house, thine own son?
1164. 7roias or'Eyils, a house of what rank.
1165. The repetition of Iil is emphatic.
1166. Thou art a dead man, if I ask thee this again.
1167. "'Well then, the child was born of the house of Laius.' The
NOTES. 145
expression is purposely ambiguous. As ot Aatov are' Laius' people,' so r&
Aavov?yepvLaxra include their offspring." CAMP.-Note the lack of agreement in gender between ris and ye'nvyka.
1168. KEIVov: a gen. of connection after eyyevijs (H. 587, d).
1169. Woe me! I am on the verge of the very horror itself. —XElyeLv does not
limit 6ewvo, but seems to be added to the sentence epexegetically as an
after-thought, where the full expression would have been, 7rpos -C avrob (i. e.
To bewvo') Xeyew.
1170. K&yYW/' &cKOvELV: spoken pitiably. The man that at 1166 sternly
threatened the herd's life, is for the moment overwhelmed and broken by
the horror of what he sees coming. But he nerves himself again and
questions till he learns the uttermost.
1171,1172. ye' ToL 87!: see lex., y4, I., 5. —1 8''o-wo atI yuv/, but she
within, thy wife.
1173. oXLa-rca, she and none else, 0 prince.
1174. Ws irpbs T' Xpelas: an emphatic to what end? for what purpose? -
Lvaks'calL:: dependent on the historical present i6woav, above.
1176. Tois'EK0dVTCS: i. e. -ir v wrarpa. Cf. 1007.
1181. The herdsman has not been asked to give the information for
which he was summoned!
1182. During the preceding dialogue CEdipus, though with terrible effort,
had kept his eyes and mind intent On the herd. But now knowing all the
fearful truth, in utter despair, his hands thrown wildly over his head and
his pitiable face turned upward toward the light, he cries LOU ioV in a tone
that fairly paralyzes the whole theatre. Cf. the cry of Jocasta as she left
the stage at 1071. - &v Ai KOtL: Camp. translates, it would seem that all is
come out clear, and calls it a use of dv with the optative to express certain
inference in present time. The Oxford pocket edition of this play makes
it parallel to Xeyott' fa in 95. - With E'gi1KOL CaLi cf. AX.V- ea's in 1011.
1183. X Cobs, K. T. X.: suggesting the motive of his terrible act hereafter. See 1271-1274.
1184, 1185. osrTLs (G. 238). -- Wv — os -oiis: plural for singular in
each of the three cases, as /vrektao-wr in 1007. - The stricken king rushes
into the palace. The messenger from Corinth, who had come for gain but
had unwittingly led to the revelation of such fearful facts, hurries from the
stage looking back fearfully over his right shoulder toward the palace, and
is followed by the herd, a broken man, whose head hangs heavily on his
breast. They leave through the eastern parodos. The stage is empty.
After a pause the Chorus begins its dirge-like lament, so different from the
hyporchema that precedes.
146 NOTES.
1186- 1222. Third stasimon. ANALYSIS: -Men are but nothing (Ivap0OgG)); what man more than lays his hand on happiness, only to have it
slip from him? (laroKXivas); with thine example and fate, O wretched
(Edipus, before me, I deem naught that is mortal happy (IaKapi['w); who
didst attain prosperity by overthrowing the Sphinx (Xp-o161.y&o), and wast
a bulwark to my land (aivea'ras); therefore we called thee King (vadct —wv).
But now, who more wretched, who more acquaint with woe? (ilov);
O CEdipus, married to thine own mother (7reae-v), how rested so long the
spirit of thy father in his grave at such dishonor? (roo-6soe); omniscient
time discovered thee (Xp6vos), and condemns this unholy marriage (TreKo6sevov). Would I had never seen thee! (eibso6av); for I bewail thee. (o-ro1&drcos); yet thou wast he who gave me succor and repose (bj6aa).
1187, 1188. How I deem you while in life the same as nothing!-!-'n
KaL (H. 856, c). In actual fact vi$[&s and rob &8$v are co-ordinate, being
connected by Kai, and are the direct objects of EvapL0e0*, whose predicate
object is fe-a (sc. 7rp&yt/a ra). Cf. fiOov KaC in 611, 612. - wo'as, while in
life. None-are to be called happy till after death. Cf. 1528 -1530. But
Mitch. translates, in yodur most flourishing condition, and compares 45 and
482. The position of No-as immediately after orb gV3qiev gives weight to this
interpretation, since the two expressions are then in abrupt contrast.
1190. +cEpeL: cf. 590.
1191. rooofiirov Sorov, enough (M. 93, 1, N. 1; H. 814). — OKeV: sc. 6eS.atAsnW ssvat.
1189- 1192. wrts y/ap,...&rrorKXvL': with the thought cf.Nativity, once in the main of light,
Crawls to maturity, wherewith being crowned,
Crooked eclipses'gainst his glory fight,
And Time that gave doth now his gift confound.
SHAKS., Sonnet 60.
1195. OLswodSa.: vocative from Oi&rw6sbv for Ol6wrovs. Cf. the gen. in
495, from the same form. - Pportcv oiSev, nothing mortal.
1196. o-rCs s: its antecedent is OLw6t7ra.- otoE'ciras: the figure is that
of an archer who has shot with exceeding skill (Kae' wirppoXkv), and hit
the exact mark, here the solution of the Sphinx's riddle.
1197. EKp'ql-craS, K. T. X., didst become master of that all-blissful fortunee.
- -ro: the prosperity of CEdipus was well known.
1198. X Z~e: the recollection of his glory then is crossed by the involuntary thought of his misery now, and for the moment the pious Chorus
apostrophizes the god, whose oracles they are that have been fulfilled. -
Note the unusual position of Re'v. — KCTQOcs-a: a case of tmesis. -Tv
NOTES.:147
fiF4+vVXca: e roL Thv Zqtyc77a -Terov i, TrC i7,Cy X ese irp6ao-w7ro Kat
KCeqaX7, K6p?7, aowla Kxvr6, rpa Kp a b'po0os, rpip, cOpewrov, 6vvXas oorroS.
1200. OiavCvov wrvpyos, a tower of defencefromn death. The plural, since
the victims of the Sphinx were many.
1204. But now who is more wretched to hear than thou? The reference
is to 1182 sqq. But &KoewLv has been construed parenthetically by some
of the editors and not made dependent on &OXLTepoS, - so far as I hear.
Cf. eicKaiaat in 82. Perhaps, without reference to 1182 sqq., to hear of, to
be heard of. Cf. 1224.
1205, 1206. datLs Ev, ~v wrvoLs tvVOLKOS, a dweller among calamities
and troubles. arat and 7revol are personified, and OEdipus is said to dwell
with and among them.- Order: -is (erT et6LXXov) 5rVOKOSo ie &apiteas dirac,
Tis (iarl uA6OXXOV tVPOLKOS) EV T6rorS () ah' c) a-lXXCaay /eV;- &XXaya pClov,
through thy reverse of life. The Schol., however, takes t5rOtKOS with dXXa7ya, thus: ~-tvoLKos &XX/ay4;pCov * -VOtKKr TW TOU p3lov oerapooX.
1208, 1209. The Schol. gives two explanations. The first is, 4i 5rosox
ElS TO &flew iaeaCOa6L, o-' Kal TrV rrarTepa, where arebm (with r-ro6oxO) and'pKEGev must be supplied from the text. According to this interpretation
Camp. translates the two lines, in whose case the same wide harbor served
for son and father to come chambering within. The two datives, $ and
ancrp(, stand after ipKeo'ev, and OaXacl7qrrXA is in apposition with them.
rwaUSl is in apposition with (. The second interpretation of the Schol. is, X
6'TpL tp iV Kal yyvv'' i'Io:oiarq, ~) XVyet XeCLtga: here 7racmi and uraTpl both
refer to (Edipus, and are both in apposition with oi. 0aXaypr'6Xo then
stands with uratpi. In either case ree-ir is the object infinitive of j'pKEafev.
- 0acamXr0}Xq*: one to whom the 0dcXaos was open.
1210, 1211. wrraTp, pac XOKES, the fierrows that thy father ploughed. The
same figure is used in 1497, 1498 in ijpo er and 6Eirdp-q.
1212. es Toao'vSe: sc. Xpvo,.
1213. &Kov'ra, unwitting, unconscious.
1214, 1215. Long has it (i. e. time) been judging (i. e. condemning) this
unholy (lit. marriageless) marriage, long thee, the father and son, supplying
a- from 1213. Or throwing out the comma after rrkXaL the two participles
may modify ya&iov, - this unholy marriage, begetting and begotten, a marriage by which children are brought forth whence the sire himself is born,
what is strictly true in regard to (Edipus being affirmed of his marriage
with his mother. - /-yaiov y/&pov: an oxymoron.
1217. E[iSo'av (G. 251, 2; H. 721, b).
1218. &s rrEpCacXXaL: a case of incorporation, for (3ie) replaX\a Wds (36caekam). Like the constantly recurring phrase, cbs TdXtarC. See 142 and
the note there.
148 NOTES.
1219. ilaKXtcWV K Wo'o.rc'v, from wailing lips. — tKXLS, wailing,
laKXacos, from IdXw, to cry, through"IaKxos.
1220. Eitv: as eciKdoat in 82.
1221, 1222. By thy help I recovered, and lulled mine eye to rest. CEdipus overthrew the Sphinx, and gave the people repose after their long
trouble.
1223. A servant of the palace enters through one of the side doors and
addresses the Chorus. For the difference between the &yyEXos and the
i6EyyEXos on the Greek stage, see the lexx. on the latter word.
1224. The acc. with C&KOV in the sense of to hear of, where in prose we
should have had wrept with the gen. The sentence is exclamatory. - ot'
9pya, K. T. X.: the suicide of Jocasta. -ota 8, K. T. X.: the blindness of
the king.
1225. iyy'vOs, with the feeling of kinsmen. The Theban elders were
closely allied by blood to the royal house. See the address in 911.
1226. Sw&TroWv: as dP in 724.
1227 sqq. For the sentiment cf.Will all great Neptune's ocean wash this blood
Clean from my hand? No, this my hand will rather
The multitudinous seas incarnadine,
Making the green -one red.
MACBETr, Act II., Scene 2.
- C&o LV: the Phasis, flowing into the Euxine from the east. From its
remoteness from Greece its size was often overestimated, as here.
1228. KaLOGpFI': dat. of manner and equal to FarTe KaOapadv eYvat. The
reference in that part of the sentence ending with KEi$EL is general and includes all the horrors of the royal house yet known to the Chorus from the
exposure of the child on the mountain till now. But in r& 8' CLaiTCKal,
K. T. X., he speaks of the suicide of Jocasta and the self-inflicted blindness
of (Edipus.
1229. r& SE, but other evils. Observe that a preceding r& dv fails
here.
1230. KOVra, K.. X.: the incest of (Edipus e. g. was unwitting, but
these two acts (see on 1228, ad fin.) were voluntary.
1231. xavc'rL: for the omission of iv, see G. 234; H. 759.
1232, 1233. XECreL ov8'rEb T ah oZ, K. T. X., fail not indeed of being griev.
ous. -ph oh: as in 283.
1234. 0 T&XtLToS'TCv X.dyv (G. 137, N. 3; H. 501).
1236. By what means, pray?
1239. ye helps to introduce the clause that limits the statement that
NOTES. 149
they shall learn the sufferings of Jocasta, —so much, at least, as Ican
recall.
1241. op-y,, passionate despair. - Xpwpezvq: see lexx., XPA'12 (C), C,
II., 1; XPA'&2 (B), C, II., 1.- Cf."I have a heart as little apt as yours
To brook control without the use of anger."
1242. Ovp(vos: in the Greek house this was the passage leading from
the street door (i abXeia 06pa) to the court (aaXrS). After Jocasta left the
stage (1072) by the central palace door, she passed through this and across
the court into her chamber. The house was of simpler construction than
ordinary, having but a single court, at the farther end of which was the
chamber mentioned, secured by folding doors. See Dict. Antiq., DoMus.
1243. i4LSegCoLs &KRaMZs, with both hands.
1244. wrVXas: properly the gate (double) of a town or rampart, and so
differing from 06pa. Here, however, the double-door of the chamber. The
Schol. interprets the line, 6'rws eieriXOev eo'w, fertppaoua -&es 7rwXas, roureo'T, KXel'aaoa. Musgrave, however, takes eorw with lnrepp5ao-a and translates, vi et impetze ab interna parte occludens.
1246. orriEpLATrv: 1UoVOVLSWV, coituum. Or perhaps offspring, meaning,Cdipus. The plural in that case for the singular as otrv (1248) and TeKvv (1250). 7raXaLiov would then show that the mind of Jocasta was dwelling first on the early years of the child.
1247. UvOL, XlroL: " If the relative clause contained merely the idea
of the speaker, 9Oave and fXtre would be used." GOODWIN. See G. 248, 4;
H. 755 and 736; M. 77, 1, (e), examples.
1249. yo&ro: without augment.
1250. TEKOL: as in 1247.
1251. " And after this she perishes, in what way indeed I cannot further
tell." CAMP.
1253. EK0OEasrcarcLt: note the force of eK in composition.
1256, 1257. 5'rrov: the indirect interrogative within the sentence in
place of beginning it. - 5wro KLXOL: dependent on 4at-rdv (G. 241, 3, and
244; H. 733 and 737).
1260.'s 04yyrj'roi'rTLvos ('v'ros) = PIe5rep a, pe'Xacro, eti r Ts a?7yT7s
Xv. On the force of the conclusion in this sentence consult M. 49, 2,
rem. (a), p. 95.
1261. The double-door (7r6Xae) opened inward. When closed the outer
edge of each half rested against an upright post. These valves were secured
each by a bolt (properly KX-,Opov) which was slipped into a socket (Urv0/xtv)
150 NOTES.
in the sill. There were other fastenings, but these are all Jocasta had
secured after entering the chamber. See Diet. Antiq., JANUA.
1262. But from their sockets he was bending the yielding (KOXCL) doors.
- KXj0pa.: here the doors themselves. See lex., KXeOpov.
1264. acpcaLcrov, nooses, from'AEI'PO2, to raise. - lEpTearXkqyEvqv: literally, having struck herself into, i. e. having leaped into. This is the
reading of the chief MS. (Laur., XXXII., 9), and a much better word than
reTrXey.4evrv, because expressing violence of action.
1266. yjj: as awepLt in 866.
1267. 81, then. See lexx., II., 1 4.
1270. //pOpov, first a joint (from *"APOf), then more specifically the socket
of the joint, then the ball as opposed to the socket. So here aippa rd-v KVKcXWe, the balls of his eyes.
1271 sqq. 0o'lvEKCa: the declarative conjunction that. - vCv, him, i. e.
cEdipus. A case of prolepsis. Translate it as the subject of the two finite
verbs in 1272. The original language of (Edipus was, olK fi/LeaOe Lel, o060'
ot' 7rayxo0' oe' 6r On fEpwv KaKa., daX' iV oKOT7L TO7 XoTObV o0s /ek, OQIK eo&t
6eo-'0e, ob)e 6' gLXp-pov ol yvCoeo'Oe.
1272. ot' wraao'Xv, what he had suffered, all the misfortunes of his life,
viewed from the stand-point of their effect on himself. - 6rrot''Spa KaK',
what evil deeds he had done, the murder of his father and the incest with
his mother.
1273. ovs pLev OZK'8sL, whom they should never have seen, his children.
- v cTrKOT, in darkness, i. e. not at all. Cf. 419.
1274. ouis SE: his parents. The desire to know who were his father and
mother had been the one great unsatisfied wish of his life. For though he
fled from Corinth, he never fully believed that its king and queen were
his father and mother. By putting out his eyes he prevented the possibility
of his seeing and recognizing Laius and Jocasta when he came to Hades.
See 1371-1374. —,olao (G. 122, 2, fourth paragraph; H. 357, D).
1276. 6O'o9: to be taken in the thought with yXfvaL, - the pupils together, i. e. both pupils.
1277. ov84, K. -r. X., nor did they emit (merely) oozing drops of gore. But
Camp., nor ceased from pouring the wet drops of gore. Consult the lexx.,:dcit t.
1278. oFo': i. e. as above, (popiwov) 0'oV ('yXWvc& ) riT7ye-ro, was falling
from both at once.
1279. La[-ro6s: i. e. aituaroels.
1284, 1285. KgKgV...-6Vd aLa, whatever evil has a name. An inversion
for KaKi b'swv gi-rIv &v6arTa. The five nouns preceding obs'v are to be explained by anacoluthon.
NOTES. 151
1288. -v n7rapol'r5vov, K. 7. X., his father's murderer, his mother'ssaying unholy things and not to be repeated by me.
1292. However [though he is strong in his resolution), he lacks at least
strength and some one to guide him.
1293. cEpELV (G. 265, N., second ex.; H. 768, first ex.).
1294. KOl -oi: as contrasted with J/oL. - KXjOPCL, K. 7. X., for see (a'iSE)
the doors are opening. The messenger points at the central palace door with
his right hand, inside of which is heard the noise of the slipping bolts.
1296. Either, (ec) Kal avtyov,'ra (av-rb, i. e. rb Oiaaua) ferocKT'iaL; or,
(7 —Vt) Kcal o'7vyoY7'a (a7r'bv, i. e. Oi6&iroba) iroKcT'ria. -1rOLOiTo v olov: see
1191.
1297. His eyes mangled and bloody, (Edipus enters from the central
door of the palace, and gropes his way slowly to the front of the stage. He
yet holds in his hand the blood-stained brooches. The exangelus remains
upon the stage, but steps back looking with dumb horror and pity on the
king. - rihOos: as 7r6Xts in 629.
1299. Only Sophocles uses irpoo-KvpO with the ace.
1300 sqq. Order: ris (fr) o 6alcwv vrrys7q as Aet'lova (7rr-q/hara) rtvy /aKtl(errwv rp's o'a uvo-aalovol AOLpqc; The immediate reference is to the destruction of his eyes, and the figure is of one cruelly leaping upon the man
already down and trampling him into the dust. The same less vividly in
263.
1303. As (Edipus comes nearer, the Chorus is unable to bear the sight
and turns away.
1307. In. utter misery, seeing no one, bewildered at the sound of his
own voice, the wretched and fallen king presents indeed a OWa/a 7rotOTro
OTov KMa CTV rv7OU7VT 7roucrToat.
1307-1311. Woe, woe! woe, woe! wretched man that r am, to what
spot of earth am 1, unfortunate, borne? Which way hurriedly flies my
wandering voice? 0 fate, whither hast thou leaped!
1310. S' dXas: wanderingly, an adverbial phrase of manner, as'i 0p-,yis in 807. See lexx., a&d, A, III., c; A, III., 2.- -rEraraL: from 7r4Tausat, a form of 7r4ro/uat, which see.
1311. Not the same figure as above. The man's Fate leaps violently
away bearing him along without power of resistance.- 1v' tilkXXov: see on
947.
1312. Into a calamity too horrible either for hearing or sight.
1313 sqq. 0 horrible closed of darkness, pressing awfully upon, me, etc.
By v~ios he means his blindness. -The participle'1rvrrXipevov, having
come uepon, and so as the result, being upon, must be given its proper force
152 NOTES.
as an aorist, since his blindness was already an accomplished fact. - Observe the mingling of figures: first a cloud of perfect blackness surrounding
the man from which it is impossible for him to free himself (&s86p.aaov);
then the thought of how this came about suggesting the idea of a ship
driven by fair winds (his former prosperity), but fatally fair, since his
prosperity has been followed by such complete wretchedness.
1315, 1316. The lines were begun as an epexegesis of ii0arov, but the
epexegesis extends only through dc6dcar6v re, where the figure changes.
1317. ici'X caLLs, again and again.
1318. K'VirpToV: the points formed on the brooches by the projection
where the point of the pin was secured. Each brooch in this case was an
arc in shape, its pin being the chord. See Dict. Antiq., FIBULA. - TV0YSE:
he raises them as if to look at them. See on 1297.
1319. Yes, and it is no wonder, etc.
1321-1324. 0 friend, thou art still my faithful attendant. For thou
submnittest still to care for me, the blind. tWoe, woe /
1327. TolCaal'L: adverbially.
1329. See 377.
1332. viv: 6ftet in 1328.
1334, 1335. $p&v and OpOwVTL, to have sight, but LSEiv, to see (G. 202, 1;
H. 716, a).
1337-1339. WThat object of sight then is there yet for me to see with satisfaction, or what can I love, or what is there that may address me that I can
still hear with pleasure, 0 friends?- The full order would be: i 1 fXezrroV.rdci (c-il 7cL) eioi (3XiiresV ao3Vea), T (-i) C —EPKp6v (ic- ip (eT c-T- pyetv), ) (T-)
7rpoor7yopov e'r' e' ar' KO6ec' iog, tAlol; The three infinitives limit their
respective nouns, PXewr7-'Y, o-repK7T'6V, and 7rpocfyopov (G. 261, 2, N.; H. 767),
though it is possible to construe these as the objects of the infinitives,
which then in turn became the subjects of icri. It is further possible (so
Wolff) to make PXewrr6zv and O-TepKt-6Y at once subjects of c-Tl (understood),
what have I yet worth seeing or loving?
1343. ILyam: adverbially.
1347. T&o voi, thy penetration, i. e. thy perception of thy misery (G. 173,
3; H. 592, a).
1348. The ordinary interpretation is, how I should have wished that I had
never recognized thee (i. e. /f it would have been qf avail), where /v belongs to
i10eXqor- (G. 222 and 226, 2; H. 746 and 752), and the aorist infinitive
denotes action prior to the action of that verb. But it is a fatal objection
to this interpretation that, after a verb of wishing, the dependent infinitive
never refers to time prior to that of the verb on which it depends. With
NOTES. 153
this interpretation reference is generally made to 1217. Restoring to
&veCyvWvaoL its proper time-force the meaning will be, how I should have
wished (i. e. had it been possible) not to recognize thee. Better still, ai- can be
made the subject of dYvayvdvat, when the meaning is, how I should have
wished (i. e. if it had been in my power) thee not to recognize thyself. But this
was prevented by the penetration of (Edipus. Cf. ToO VoV, preceding line.
The supply of avaTO6v here is somewhat harsh.
1349. Mlay he perish, whoever he was, who took me in the wild from the fierce
fetter on my feet, etc. Here, in his passion, CEdipus throws the brooches,
which he has so far held in his hands, upon the stage.
1359. xv: antecedent to be supplied. So in 1362.
1362. i'.oyEv/is, consort, used actively.
1364-1366. But if there still be an evil heavier than his fellow, this fate
allots to (Edipus.
1368. For thou wert better no longer be than live blind. For Kpeciov (av) Xv,UVKl-z el5vat 0E, K. T. X. Cf. -
Thou wert better gall the devil, Salisbury:
If thou but frown on me, or stir thy foot,
I'11 strike thee dead.
KING JOHN, Act IV., Scene 3.
1369-1415. The passion of the speaker rises in regular gradations till
it culminates in the wonderful outburst of 1391-1408. Then, in great
contrast, his language subsides into a tone so pitiful and pathetic that it
greatly moves the compassion of the hearer.
1371 sqq. Cf. the sentiment here with that in 999. See also on 1274.
Cf. furtherWitth what eyes could we
Stand in his presence humble?
PARADISE LOST, II., 239, 240.
1373. otv (G. 165, N. 3). — oC: as in 768.
1374. KpeLcroov' ayXgvyqs, for which hanging would be an insufflcient punishment. Cf. the common expression, hanging is too goodfor him. Or, as Camp.
translates, which I would rather have died by strangling than do.
1376. pXcwrTo' a-cL and EPXcLoa-re, to be taken with TiKvov, are attracted
into an agreement with oILs.
1379. 7rov (G. 140, N. 4; H. 243, D).
1380. KVAL-T' &vclp pS rPCLr fds, who had been reared better than any other
one man.
1381. c&rwEorpq ercL (G. 164, N. 2; H. 580, a). - vvErcov: cf. 241- 243.
1383. KCL yEvovs ToO Aa;Cov: sc. o-rTepov qavw'va, since the oracle did
154 NOTES.
not declare that CEdipus was the murderer, but only led the way to the dis.
covery of this fact. But the speaker had, of course, no such ellipsis in
mind. It is quite in keeping with his present agitation, and highly dramatic, that he should thus confuse the utterance of the oracle with the
development to which it led.
1385. 6pOois 6`JocaWLV, with steady, unflinching eye, as one conscious of no
wrong. Cf. 528. -T-ro4-OV s: he indicates the Chorus by a gesture. It
will be noted he is speaking to the chordgus.
1386. iKLr'T& ye, nay, not so.
1388. FllrroKXjoa-L: "It is to be observed that where this construction
occurs [the one explained in G. 283, 6 and 7; H. 847, a], the circumstances
of the negation are generally actual and present. In a purely hypothetical
case [as here], or one actual but remote in time, juS alone is used." CAMP.
1389. iv (G. 216, 3; H. 742).
1391-1408. He recounts in wild passion the four prominent times in
his life: 1391- 1393, his exposure in babyhood; 1394-1397, his home at
Corinth; 1398 - 1402, his fatal parricide; 1403-1408, his still more fatal
marriage with his mother.
1392. 8ELtaL: as iv in 1389.
1395, 1396. otov K'XXos KaKioV ZirovXov, what a fair outside but festering
underneath with ills. oAXh was the cicatrized wound. Cf.It will but skin and film the ulcerous place;
Whiles rank corruption, mining all within,
Infects unseen.
HAMLET, Act III., Scene 4.
1399. Spvpots repeats vwirq, and 6Sots, KEA(UOoL.
1400. Tolpbv atca wrarpds, mine own blood from a father's veins. Not
merely my father's blood, but, as indicated in the translation, a double
meaning in -01eo66e, my father's blood which was also my own.
1406. craLTpas: CEdipus; rratcSas: his children; ASeX$ o4s: both, since
they were the offspring of the same woman. - a11.';F4iXLov may be either
one kindred blood, and sustain the relation of predicate to the three preceding accusatives (G. 166; H. 556), or may mean murder of kin, and be parallel
to them in syntax.
1407. Wolff, throwing out the commas, translates vi[Lacs yvvaiaLKs pq?pas as a compound noun, calling Jocasta the bride-wife-mother of (Edipus.
1409. &kXXk: he checks himself.
1411. 0akLXrcrlov: an adjective for an adverbial phrase, equalling els
OdXaooav. Cf. 7rerpaos, 478, and KT6rtlOv, 1340.
NOTES. 155
1416. Zv: ii e. 7rep T06rTWV -&, to be taken with PoveAetv. — E' 8sov, to
meet thy need. See here G. 139, N., the ordinary prose expression being ets
To' 6op. For this use of els to express the end, see lexx., V., 2: A, III.
8oe: as r'Ve in 632.
1417. ib wpoo'crELv KCL. Trb povUXEEv, to act and to counsd, in apposition
with lovp. The infinitive used to express purpose is without the article.
See G. 265.
1420. What argument (zr(TL9s, see lexx., II., 2) that I advance will appear
just to him? CEdipus believes Creon completely estranged, and that he will
regard with coldness any requests he may make of him.
1423. KaKCKV, wrong deeds.
1424. He turns abruptly to the attendants and addresses them with
some harshness.
1425, 1426. aiSEZtrE has a double construction following it, the accusative rihV 4)XdycL and the epexegetic infinitive 8ELKVVcaL: reverence at least the
all-feeding flame of the royal Sun, and be ashamed to exhibit thus openly such a
pollution. —'HXou: cf. "AXiov in 661.
1427 sqq. Tb FAi/E yi, K. T. X., a pollution which neither earth nor the sacred
elemnent of water nor the light of day will endure; namely, from fear of pollution. -TO: as in 1379. - IT!E: the use of /X shows that the statement in
the relative clause has a conditional as well as causal force (M. 65, 4,
rem.), if neither earth nor, etc., is about to endure it (G. 221, N.).
1430. TOts v y'wvEL: cf. 1016. - k'XLo-rc: to be taken with E'EcpioS.
1432.'XirtSos: the word has here the same meaning that it has in 771.
1433. Cf. the use of,Xtov in 1358.
1434. wpo's: see lexx., A, III., 2.
1435. roO XpeCas rvXeiv, to obtain what desire?
1437. ~avovpau rpocriyopos=7rpo'ayope6~o/oac, passively. Cf. 790. -'lq8evds (G. 176, 2; H. 582, a).
1438. The oracle certainly had been explicit enough. See 100, 101.
But since it has developed that (Edipus, the King, is the guilty one, Creon
will not venture to inflict punishment until the shrine at Delphi has again
been consulted and has confirmed its former utterance. This, of course,
would take time.
1439. et xpnttov, if I did not desire.
1440 sq. Yes, but the oracle clearly was all for destroying, etc. -- &a:
predicate to EiSjrqk0.
1441. Ptg: cf. note on 1383. - &aokXX1vaL: in a broad sense so as to cover
either alternative, banishment or death. So /tlaa-a lXa6erv in 97, 98. In
syntax it is an object infinitive, as if we had e;eiLos cakqes eKE'X evoE.
156 NOTES.
1442. Wv' o-CrapcEv XpECas: Schol. Min.,, racOa T-s xpeaas 8rov Cio'p,
f'yovv ev ra6p7 rj xSpewi iV j ioeev.
1445.'r6v: i. e. oal adv. —'rcr'rtLV POLpos=-7rre6oL.
1447. *TS Ka.T OtKOvS: Jocasta.
1450. tZvros: my bones may be laid to rest here after death, but let not
the city be corrupted by my living person. - otKlqoD: not from o0KeTrS.rvXedv: see lexx., A, II., 2.
1451. MvMa KXiEE'TatL, K..T. X.: &O8a (TrlT 6) KIOatp&vy OTOSg, (Os) oAo's
KX!evTatL.
1453. 40&oEOv: note the voice and number.
1454. That I may die in accordance with their wishes who were seeking to
destroy me.
1457. >i: sc. ow'6oAevos. The phrase is equivalent to el t Aeo6top6v.
1459 sq. But (as to the fate of my children) of vny boys indeed I would not
have thee, Creon, add to thyself the care. — raCw8o'rZv x pav pivv: limit of zdk1461. Mye' &v icrl: cf. vPO' aev in 672.
1462.'rapOevoLv: the case is suggested by the construction above (crad86v 7rporOj tieprtuvav), but after the long descriptive sentence (1463-1465),
the expression changes, and the thought is resumed under a new form in
aLv ILOL JIAXEOOaL.
1463. XyopCs, apart, explained by dvevu ro0' &vSpos in the next line.
The father and daughters always ate at the same table.
1464. After caXXka supply at' as subject of /LE6ELX4T-qv (G. 156, N.).
1466. atv, K. r. X., for whom care thou for my sake. —IEo'Oa L: for /XIov,
as /da-KeaV in 462. - Ka~Lt PXL'ra, K. T. X.: Creon here motions to an
attendant to go within and fetch Antigone and Ismene, which he departs
in haste to do.
1467. &aroKXoccoa-(rOcL: note here the force of the middle voice, to bewail our woes.
1469. riv: as in 1445.
1471. He stops in his address to Creon and listens eagerly, and as he
listens, hears the sobbing of his daughters as they are conducted across
the court, before they emerge from the palace. -4-qjou: the enclitic anomalously retains its accent. The words are emphatic and stand extra metrum.
1472. Trotv ckXoLv: masculine form for the feminine (G. 138, N. 5; H.
521).
1475. X.yo'T, am I right?
1477. rapoicrcav, still existing, yet strong.
1478. qiir6e rilWs 6SoO, in reward for this their coming. A causal genitive.
NOTES. 157
1479. cpovpiacrcs (G. 279, 2, and 204, N. 2; H. 801). See also lexx.,
T7vYXCVo, B, II., 1.
1480. The two girls who have been led in by the attendant come up
close to their father's side. CEdipus is still standing.
1482. viELXv, to your grief. Dativus incommodi. -The subject of 4p6v is
Siup.rcma in the next line.
1490, 1491. KEKXCaVIEVCaL &v?1 fqs 0ewopLas, bathed in tears instead of pleased
with the spectacle.
1498. 65ev Ecr'rCipq: a contracted expression for oi e5aodpv cal 6O0ev &i'yveTo.
1503. In the order of the thought &XXdk precedes the vocative.
1506. irmoX&S &v&vSpovs: predicates to &Xctva s. -.yyEvEts, being thy
kinswomen. To be taken attributively with aod. — 4Ocacvas (G. 279, 3;
H. 799).
1515. &XLS, K. T. X.: literally, sufficient (is the point) where thou art come
out (i. e. which thou hast reached) weeping, i. e. jam satis lachrymasti. That
ScaKpvcov is the participle is shown by the quantity of the second syllable.
1516. KcaLpW is a poetic dative of time.
1517. Ef' oTs, on what conditions.
1518. 5rwos (G. 217, N. 4; H. 756, a).
1519, 1520. TOLcapouv, K. T. X.: Creon means that there is very little
doubt that when the oracle i; again consulted it will command his exile.
But CEdipus mistakes the force of his answer and asks, do you then promise
me this? No, says Creon, for I am not fond of saying what I do not mean,
referring to his statement in 1442, 1443, that in this exigency they must
again consult the god. See on 1438. (Edipus is obliged to rest content
with this. — & i/1, K. r. X.: cf. the expression in 569.
1522.'rr.vrC KpaCL'tv, to have your own way in everything.
1523. &Kp4aOr& os: see &ycb in 6. - -r4 ptC, during thy life. — uvvEo'irero:.UVv4v6eyK6, crv/upovra Xiv. Schol. Min. — (Edipus enters the palace through
the central door, conducted by Creon, and followed by his daughters and
the attendants. The leader of the Chorus addresses his fellow choreute.
1524. OLCrrovus: subject of iX'XvOev below in 1527.
1526. Who was not eying with envy the enviablefortunes of his citizens. tkXw
Katl SVXacs by hendiadys for 3qXwTras rXCats. This verse is probably corrupt.
1528 sqq. The order is, &a0re (TrVi), e7rtLKorOrVTa Ketvvy TrvP reXeuVralav'ijyzpav ibeWv, oXli'ewv t1b1iva 6Vra Ovyr76v, 7rpiv av 7raOebv t&e dXAvyev w7repirp
Tr'plfa Too /3[ov. — Sietv to see it (G. 265; H. 765).
Ultima semper
Expectanda dies homini; dicique beatus
Ante obitum nemo supremaqueefunera debet.
Ov1D.
DEVIATIONS FROM THE TEXT OF CAMPBELL'S
EDITION OF 1871.
The reading before the colon is that of the present edition; that following it is the
reading of Campbell, which it has replaced.
18. ot 6' C: o'6 T.
194. &rTovpov: rovpov.
200. Tap rvupfo6pwv:, 7rvp6opwv.
206. 7rpoo7aX08vra: rpoo7TaT PTa.
208. 6p p: Epea.
214. o6iaXov:t.
221. adr6s, o0K: aOi6, Izj oOK.
258. y': T.
492, 493. 7rpos b'TOv Xpo'ac-/Evos:..- -Trph Trov.
657. X6-yw'T drtiov: X6yp rqTLov.
666. qOiv&s: q)Oivovo'a.
667. gvXdv, Td': IVX~&V, Kal rd&'.
682. SaKvEL: acrTTeL.
689. dva: va4.
695. r6vots: *"wvotav. - o'aXeovotav: dikovo'av.
697. Wypvoo: pvaio*.
866. oi'pav[q awept: odpavlav &' ale8pa.
870. 15:./ Lv. - Ka7aKoLpdoT': KaTaKoL/laoqoeL.
877. OpovaoE: [*Et]pov-eY.
893. Ov.w^v: fOuvlz. - de$eTa: tpTe7rat.
906. IIvuO6Xpqoa a Aatv: Aaov [ - - 2].
1062. Atv: %*el.
1099. rav j/aKpatcSlvp Kopav: 7wY ALaKpatC(&tV dpa.
1100-1102.'rarp5s 7reXaoaerte, } 0'4'y edvdwretpd Ls: [*rov] rpoorreXa11ae9f5', O ae -yd T:h oGvy'7rp.
1195. oUv: oW6lva.
160 DEVIATIONS FROM CAMPBELL'S TEXT.
1197. gKp'Vofas a: *fKpivTqoe.
1200.,avoras': da,'{ra.
1205. its d-rats E'v ayptats, rtS,v 7r6vos: ils Iv n6voLS,'is dTraCs iplals.
1212. evvv6dao'av: u6vvadOoa.
1216.: [-_].
1219. laKXLWV: laxlwv.
1303. 6pe 06e, 86ar'av: qEgu 6H'lavom.
1304. oe, 0Xwv: d, EO4,w,.
1310.' aXas 7ra-crata: 6aTr7a7ra.
1343. r6v,Igy' OXXOptov r:Y *6XeOfpov SYaV.
1348. T'oT a: Trorc.
1350. voLC&': VOtd4OS.
1389. Xv: 9.
1393. v,: 9.
RHYTHMICAL SCHEME OF THE LYRICAL PARTS OF
THIS DRAMA.
I.
PARODOS, VERSES 151-215.
Str. at.
[ L IL | -_ II
1. I.,
162 RHYTHMICAL SCHEME.
Str. a.
I. >: A
I..
>:- — 1-Ss — - I>* L, LI - i|-A T|
I. I'
4i
-. L3v_ | L | in | _ A ]
* )- /{ 4~~~~~~~
A) ( (ad~~~~~1
RHYTHMICAL SCHEME. 163
Str. y!.
_ I L'| LIK j - | f —_ AJ
- II- -- 1 - - I a I - I I JA, _ I __ I - I II I1- 1 -a I I
6 -- ir.
6 t
164 RHYTHMICAL SCHEME.
II.
FIRST STASIMON, VERSES 463-512.
Str. at.
I IT. III.
>. - 1
Vw) 6 A
RHYTHMICAL SCHEME. 165
Str. /'.
L _ I _ —11 _- __II_,, IJ I, 1 vl-/\1 11~I
I. II.
/24 - 9
166 RHYTHMICAL SCHEME.
III.
FIRnsT KOMMOS, VERSES 649-668: 678-697.
Dimeter.
Trimeter.
III. * vu- l _, | ||
- > - -- I -A]
Trimeter.
Trimeter.
v. — > -1-v-^ - D
— v1 — i-v-,11
2- L } L i -. l-a - 1-^
L. II. III. IV.... XPI.
4 ) 4 \ { Doch"P. 6
Doch.
RHYTHMICAL SCHEME. 167
IV.
SECOND STASIMON, VERSES 863-910.
Str. Ca.
I. >:_ * 1- _Xu- - a, 11 - - L- I -> —A-ll
>I. L -_ I-s||
". j' - }.->t I - J-, j11,1 L 1A11
1. II. III.
*9 *
6 4/
6
168 RHYTHMICAL SCHEME.
Str. /'.
I. -_... - | I|._-_l~.__ I L J.-A11
II.> __ | -> I -!-) lb — * _ |
> * _ _>|_- -I |-A ||
--:->!..-. I> 1- ^ 11
I. II. III.
i:~~~~~
RHYTHMICAL SCHEME. 169
V.
HYPORCHEMA, VERSES 1086-1109
I }-L.I-. 1 L 1-^ 1i
1 l->1 —1-^1>
-v 1->1v>IY L-1
1j-a L |IAIH
I. II.
( ~4+/ ~~ 4
4?
170 RHYTHMICAL SCHEME.
VI.
THIRD STASIMON, VERSES 1186-1222.
Str. at.
-> J.-_I-. L I-> VI L.- )-.AI 2-3.
L.~~ 1_ 1-1A11 ~~~~4.
->~~ I|~~-as|J~-J|A|| ~6.
( A - 5| _A'|| 8.
* L I -v v I L 1A 11.
~\- Av- l-.
4:
RHYTHMTCAL SCHEME. 171
Str. f'.
~:I- 1 _vl - _- l- A
~..
II.. L I A- l -- v
_I. I - v II- v - I
II.II. III.
646\ 44
4 ETn.
4 =. 6/
172 RHYTHMICAL SCHEME.
VII.
SECOND KOMMOS, VERSES 1313 -1368.
Str. a'.. L- I -AlI
Trimeter.
Trimeter.
Trimeter.
Trimeter.
Doch. rp.
Doch
Doch.
Doch.
IRHYTHMICAL SCHEME. 173
Str.,'.
I.- _ - | -,_ II - - | -h ||
J,]:. V: - ^ I AII
>:v -v 1- A -.-.- I ~- IA L, -I — C-^1
L-I -, 11 I A
IV. >... _A-,I [ I - 11
> *_ -.. -..... I - ^ I1,r, _, R I-,>11 -#- -#- I -All
> rimeter
Trimeter.
Trimeter.
I. II. III. IV.
Doch. 4 Doch. (Doch.
iDoch. 4) *
6 IDoch.
( Doch.
Doch. Doch. )
/4 /. Doch. )
4
6 Doch.
Doch.
Doch. = E7r.
4.~~~~~~~~~~~~
TECHNICAL DIVISIONS OF THE (EDIPUS TYRANNUS, WITH THE NUMBER OF
VERSES IN EACH, AND THEIR RHYTHMS.'wpXcoyos.... 1..... 1-150........Iambic Trimeter.
rrpoos................ 151- 215.........Dactylic, Logaoedic, and Choreic.
EIrEOSLov at..........216 - 462....... Iambic Trinmeter.
cLOV.......... 463-512.........Logadic, Choriambic, and Ionic.
7rEoLov t.........513 - 862....... Iambic Trimeter.
(Includes a Kopip4s, 649 -668: 678 -697, Choreic, Dochmiac, and Choreiec
Paeonic.)
ar&0L-ov PtI.......... 863 - 910.........Logaoedic..rrELroLov yt..........911-1085............ambic Trimeter.
v{lrpX1q*La............1086- 1109............Logaoedic.
rWELro'SLov St.........1110-11 85............ ambi Trieter.
_acrLo v -y/..........1186 - 1222.........Logaoedic and Choreic.
goS~os............... 1223-1530...........amic Trimeter, Anapaestic, and
Trochaic Tetrameter.
(Includes a-KOppLO's, 1313-1368, Dochmiac and Choreic.)
COMMIENTARY.
The references are to the " Introduction to the Study of the Ihythmic and
Metric of the Classical Languages."
PROLOGOS, verses 1-150.
ON 2rp6Xoyos see the lexx. The rhythm employed is the iambic trimeter
(so called. See ~ 10, VII.). This is the verse in which most of the dialogue of the Attic drama is composed. The following scheme shows its
constitution in Sophocles:
i. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
-b -A
[only.
_ — _ __v _ _ -V ul I I In proper names
The' fundamental measure is the choree, ~ 8, 2, V. See further ~ 16, 1 and
2. On anacrusis, ~ 7, 5. On diaeresis, caesura, and break in this verse
and its compositionfrom two tripodies, ~ 26, 3, III. With the last half of
~ 26, 3, III. compare ~ 21, 2, and particularly under this 2) and I. On
syllaba anceps, ~ 19, 2, I., 3). On catalexis, ~ 9. In verse 13 jik-q oO are
pronounced as one syllable, a case of synizesis. Elision at the end of the
verse, as in verse 29, is infrequent. See ~ 19, 2, I., 1).
(In his Griechische Metrilk, ~ 25, 5 - 8, Dr. Schmidt has shown with customary acuteness the congruence of the matter and form of the choruses of
this drama. The inquiring student is especially referred to this.)
PARODOS, verses 151 - 215, Rhythmical Scheme, I.
On 7rdpo&oT, ~ 33, 4, A, I. On strophe and antistrophe, ~ 32 and ~ 33,
and particularly ~ 32, 7, and ~ 33, 1, II. On the period, ~ 24. On the
different finalpauses that may occur, ~ 9, 1.
oap. at, PERIOD I. The rhythm is dactylic. See ~ 8, 2, I.; ~ 10, I.;
~ 22, 1. See further ~ 21, 2, and note that in accordance with the law
there announced the first and third verses cannot be classified as single
176 COMMENTARY.
sentences, but must be regarded as composed of two sentences (KwXa) each,
~18. The beginning of a rhythmical sentence within a verse is marked in
the text by a black letter. On the caesura of these verses, ~ 19, 2, III.
On the Doric mneasures in the second verse, ~ 12, 1. See here Appendix,
II. On the general subject of metrical responsion, ~ 17, and on the particular case in verse third, ~ 17, 2, I. On the contraction (syncope) in verse
four, ~ 11, 3, and ~ 11, 6, Ill. The period ispalinodic, ~ 34, 3, and ~ 36,
1 and 5. PERIOD II. Dactylic as before. Also, as before, palinodic. The
second sentence of verse five seems to contradict the law (SCHMIDT, C0onpositionslehre, ~ 17) that the pere uencontracted dactyl (- v.) cannot close
a sentence unless at least the preceding gmeasure be also a~n encontracted dactyl.
But it is easy to see that the first syllable of 6&pals in the strophe and diras
in the antistrophe had two notes, -dm. The same occurred in the case
of OfeSas above in the third verse of the strophe, as its responsion to "Ap'reTav
in the antistrophe clearly shows.
-rp. pt, I. Logaoedic, ~ 13. The metrical sign e -- =, and the
syllables it here represents constitute the anacrusis. On the subject of sixteeqnth notes, ~ 15. On the cyclic dactyls in the third verse, ~ 13, 3. A
repeated stichic period, ~ 34, 2, and ~ 36, 4. II. Dactylic. On the responsion of the long and short syllables in the anacrusis of verse five, ~ 17, 2,
II., B. A palinodic-antithetic period, ~ 34, 7, and ~ 36, 9.
o-rp. yI, I. Choreic, ~ 8, 2, V.; ~ 10, IV.; ~ 22, 5. A palinodic-antithetic period. II. Choreic. A repeated palinodic period, ~ 34, 4, and ~ 36,
6. With E7rccW&KeV (postlude), ~ 32, 4, and ~ 32, 7, VI.; ~ 35; ~ 36, 11.
FIRST EPrEISODION, verses 216 - 462.
On 17rewt5stov see the lexx. The rhythm as in the prologue.
FIRST STASIMON, verses 463 -512, Rhythmical Scheme, II.
On o —'rdo'UoV, ~ 33, 4, A, II.
o-rp. at, I. Logaoedic and palinodic. II. Logaoedic, and repeated stichic.
III. Logaoedic. On the third measure of the seventh verse in the strophe,
~ 15, 1. Corresponding to this there occurs in the antistrophe an irrational
choree. A stichic period, ~ 34, 1, and ~ 36, 3, with postlude.
r-p. pt, I. Choriambic, ~ 8, VII.; ~ 10, VI.; ~ 21, 2, IV.; ~ 22, 7. Palinodic. II. Ionic, ~ 8, VI.; ~ 10, V.; ~ 21, 2, IV.; ~ 22, 6. On the protraction in the third verse and following, ~ 11, 7, 1). Palinodic.
SECOND EPEISODION, verses 513- 862.
With the exception of the included KO/O/6S6, Iambic Trimeter. Oerv in
v. 536, rw6Xews in v. 630, and avooZ in v. 640 are cases of synizesis, the last
being unusual.
COMMENTARY. 177
FIRST KOMMos, 649-668; 678- 697, Rhythmical Scheme, III.
On KOLtPOS, ~ 33, 4, A, V.
o-rp., I. Choreic and stichic. II. Choreic and mesodic, ~ 32, 4; ~ 34, 6;
~ 36, 10. III. Dochmiac, ~ 23, 4. Palinodic. IV. Choreic-paeonic. On
the 2ceon, ~ 8, VIII.; ~ 10, VIII.; ~ 21, 2, III.: and on the admission of
the bacchius (~ 8, IX.; ~ 10, IX.) as the first measure in verse eleven, ~ 23,
3. An antithetic period, ~ 34, 5; ~ 36, 8, B.
SECOND STASIMON, verses 863 - 910, Rhythmical Scheme, IV.
arp. at. I. Logaoedic (probably, see, however, Appendix, I.) and mesodic.
II. Idem. III. Logaoedic and antithetic.
arp. pt, I. Locaoedic and repeated palinodic. II. ]Logaoedic and mesodic.
III. Idemr with postlude.
THIRD EPEISODION, verses 911-1085.
Iamnbic trimeter.
iYPORCHEMA, verses 1086-1109, Rhythmical Scheme, V.
On v7ro6pxvr/a ~ 33, 4, A, IV.
a-p., I. Logaoedic and palinodic-mesodic, ~ 34, 8; ~ 36, 10, ad fin. II.
Logaoedic and mesodic.
FOURTH EPEISODION, verses 1110 - 1185.
Iambic trimeter.
THIRD STASIMON, verses 1186-1222, Rhythmical Scheme, VI.
a-rp. at. Logaoedic and palinodic-mesodic.
Trp. pt, I. Choreic and stichic, with postlude. II. Choreic and antithetic. On the third measure of the seventh verse, ~ 17, 2, D. III. As
period I.
ExoDos, verses 1223 -1530.
On 9oeos see the lexx. With the exception of the KOF1/kjS5 the rhythms
are as follows: 1223 -1296, 1312, and 1369 - 1514, iambic trimeter, except
1468, 1471, and 1475, which stand extra mzetrum. 1297-1311, anapaestic,
~ 8, 2, II. ~ 10, II.; ~ 11, 6, II.; ~ 21, 2, II. 1515-1530, trochaic tetrameter, ~ 26, 3, II.
178 COMMENTARY.
SECOND KoMmos, verses 1313-1368, Rhythmical Scheme, VII.
This KO/yL6s could be classified as a monody (ahr6 b pKI'j5s), ~ 33, 4, A, VI.,
since, with the single exception of verse six in the second strophe and antistrophe, the chorus replies only in trimeters and that at the end of the
strophe and antistrophe in each case.
~rp. at. Dochmiac and palinodic. On the protraction in the prelude,
~ 11, 7, 2).
orp. pt, I. Dochmiac and palinodic. II. Choreic and stichic. III. Choreic, with a dochmius as prelude. A mesodic period. Note particularly
~ 36, 10. IV. Doc/hniac and repeatedpalinodic, withpostlude.
APPENDIX.
I. -CONCERNING THE DIFFERENTIATION OF CHonEIC AND LOGAOEDIC,
RHYTHMS.
The logaoedic rhythm, as well as the choreic, answers to the modern S
measure, or more properly, since the ancients delivered slowly and solemnly,
to our 4 measure. Specimens of pure choreic strophes are especially common in Aeschylus, e. g. in the Agamemnon, the Choephori, and Eugn enides; but these too in single places have a somewhat more lively character,
i. e. they admit single measures like -
If a song in logaoedic rhythm is examined, as Prom. I., it is found that
it also does not necessarily remain constant; and accordingly Prom. I.,
str. pt, is choreic, but returns at its close to the more lively logaoedic
rhythm.
If the contents are regarded, the greater animation and excitement will
be perceived in logaoedic composition, much more repose in choreic.
But how can an exact boundary line be preserved here? If chorees are
intoned more vivaciously, they will sound quite like logaoedics even in
music; a few series like - > | -- I- A II will then make them
quite analogous to logaoedics.
Let us consider modern melodies in 4 measure, however little these may
be suited to the comparison, since the forms of their measures are so little
constant. How nmuch is here left in single cases (of course not in all) to
the judgment of the executing musician. One employs livelier ictuses,
and so approaches the ancient logaoedics; another gives the same notes
with more repose, and so approaches the ancient chorees.
The ancient trimeters, however, are the best and at the same time a perfectly certain proof. From the pure ground form - - -
there exist the most imperceptible transitions; and yet no one will be able
to doubt, that in every case one and the same verse, one and the same
metre, occurs.
Cf. SCHMIDT, Griechische Metrik, ~ 19, 3.
180 APPENDIX.
In this way the question concerning the intonation also is answered.
Even in pure logaoedic strophes one did not always necessarily intone
h, but also, where more repose was intended, -I. This too can be
proved. For first there are many very lively logaoedic strophes that have
come down to us, with springing series like -A I L I -d- II, while
on the contrary there are others more quiet and measured with series predominating with forms like -_-, - - - L L -_ A II, etc.
Again, we frequently meet in long compositions only series like - I
— v I -- I —,[ 1 1-A - -v L I - All, etc. in both strophe and
antistrophe, while on the other hand elsewhere almost solely series like
- > I - - -- I - A 11, in strophe as well as'antistrophe. And finally,
in most cases, forms like I — _ -- -- - A11 and - > I I- 1
-_ I - A II constantly interchange in the same strophe, or in strophe and
antistrophe correspond _ -- All or even -- - >
- A II, etc. It is clear that the poet-composer did not rigorously
prescribe how the composition should be performed. For how otherwise
could he have given:
Str. — v I -- I — A I - Al Str. - > I -> I - I -A Il
Ant. _ > I -A I- I-A-IA Ant. - J- |- Ad I-A 11
The feeling of the performer, then, and the contents of the poem should.
vary its delivery; here it should be livelier, there more measured, and attention should be paid to the development of the entire composition.
II.- ON THE DIFFERENTIATION OF DACTYLIC AND DORIC RHYTHMS.
The case here is exactly parallel to that of the chorees and logaoedics,
that is, the measures agree in the main, in this instance, as follows:Dactylic Rhythm. Doric Rhythm.
4 measure, I measure,
solemn and measured and therefore somewhat more lively, powerful,
uniformly consisting of the forms tense, and energetic; therefore the
_ vv I and --- I, less often L I [. common series IL - - [, etc.
We must name therefore according to the general character, allow transitions, and in particular remember that the pathetic productions of dramatic poetry could not be rigorously confined to a simple type. But that
nevertheless the two sorts of measure can be accurately distinguished is
shown on the one hand by the rigidly dactylic hexameter, in which measures like L I cannot occur at all, and on the other by the rigidly Doric
strophes of Pindar.
APPENDIX. 181
In CEd. Rex. I., str. at, therefore, both periods are dactylic, ill accordance with the solemn temper of the chorus; but nevertheless both contain
at the same time so much of excitement that the greater measuredness of
the dactyls is very appropriately given a livelier color by means of series
of Doric character (yet always a X measure, like the dactyls). And the
more individual unrest at the beginning of str. PI, how fittingly expressed
in series of logaoedic rhythm. Cf. here SCHMIDT, GC'iechische Metrik, ~ 25,
especially ~ 25, 2.
THE END.
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