OIAIHOTI TYPANNO 2. ~vdyC 8a Cid(9EtLV a, t(PI V,C'ot [E Icn aVvate-o xa6cazos 7modvjv. THE (EDIPUS TYRANNUS OF SOPHOCLES. EDITED, FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS, WITH ENGLISH NOTES AND AN INTRODUCTION, BY JOHN WILLIAMS WHITE, A. M. REVISED EDITION. Nulla Sophocleo veniet jactura cothurno. OvID. BOSTON: GINN BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS, 1875. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1873. BY GINN BROTHERS, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington UNIVERSITY PRESS: WELCH, BIGELOW, & CO., CAMBRIDGE. TO MY FATHER, THE REV. JOHN W. WHITE, Ctjis Mork ]s'lffectionatrIg I3tncribb. PREFACE. THIs edition of the CEdipus Tyrannus has been made for the class-room. The wants of a student, who in taking up the present tragedy makes his first acquaintance with the Greek drama, have been kept steadily in view. The book is for learners. It is certainly true that by the time the student reaches the present play, he should be master of the main principles of Greek grammar and be able to apply them; but it is also true that this is often not the fact. To meet this case, and to avoid the necessity of settling grammatical questions in the class-room at that point'in his course when the time should be spent otherwise, much help has been given in the way of grammatical references. These references are for those who need them. The Text is that of Campbell. The places where other readings than his have been adopted are specified in the list that immediately follows the Notes. I wish here to express my high estimate of Dr. Campbell's edition of Sophocles, and to say that I have found it a constant help. Much aid has been- received also from other editors. I have endeavored at all points to acknowledge my obligations. It is the fact, however, not only in the case of Sophocles, but in that of every Greek author as well, who has been frequently edited, that there is much matter in the way of annotation that has become common property. The play has been illustrated only from itself, the grammars, and by means of such examples in classic English as I found apposite. vi PREFACE. Following the Preface will be found a list of such editions of this tragedy as would prove valuable to the student. It is not at all exhaustive, and presents in the main only the more recent school editions of the drama. Some others, however, on various grounds, have been added. The Introduction is an adaptation of the first three parts of Schneidewin's celebrated Einleitung. Mr. Browne's translation, in T. K. Arnold's edition of Sophocles, has been used, subjected, however, to a revision. There follows the Notes in the present volume a Rhythmical Scheme of the Lyrical Parts of the Text. It was at first a part of my general plan to add to the book an Appendix on Greek Rhythmic and Metric, which should be a brief statement of the subject, on the theory of Dr. J. Heinrich Schmidt. This, however, has not been done. What would have been given there will appear in a separate volume, which has already been announced by the publishers. Just how soon this will be ready is uncertain. The work will be done with all reasonable expedition. I desire to acknowledge my obligations to Dr..Goodwin of Harvard University for valuable suggestions; and also to Dr. WWilliam G. Williams of the Ohio Wesleyan University, at whose suggestion this work was undertaken, and whose kindly sympathy and aid have greatly assisted in its prosecution. Whoever will inform me of errors detected, or suggest how the book might be improved, will receive my hearty thanks. JOHN W., WHITE.BALDWIN UNIVERSITY, November 17, 1873. PREFACE TO THE REVISED EDITION. IN this revised edition typographical errors have been corrected, a few of the notes somewhat changed or rewritten, the rhythmical scheme rearranged, and a commentary added with references to the " Introduction to the Study of the Rhythmic and Metric of the Classical Languages." An appendix also has been added on the differentiation of choreic and logaoedic, and of dactylic and Doric rhythms. In January of the present year, I associated with myself in the translation of Dr. Schmidt's " Leitfaden in der Rhythmik und Metrik der Classischen Sprachen," my good friend Dr. Carl Riemenschneider, Professor of Ancient Languages in German Wallace College. This translation has been completed, and when revised by the author, to whom it has already been sent, will go to the printer. The commentary in the present volume containing references to this translation has been made very full, and yet it must not be supposed that this fulness renders a preceding systematic study of the "Introduction" unnecessary. The student will not be able to get a satisfactory insight into the poetical structure and the rhythm of the present drama unless such a study has been made of at least the more important parts of the "Introduction." I am indebted to the personal kindness of Dr. Schmidt for the Appendix. Let me add a grateful acknowledgment of the general favor with which this book has been received. While conscious that it must be more or less defective in details, I am at the same viii PREFACE. time glad to know that the general plan on which it was written, one of avowed simplicity, is generally approved. The day for putting a bare text and a Greek-Latin lexicon into the hands of a student, and telling him to elicit the beauties of his author, is happily past. The method of instruction that inducts the learner thoroughly into the spirit of what he reads, and makes him for the time a living, feeling actor in its scenes, must be the better. My thanks are due to Dr. B. L. Gildersleeve of the University of Virginia for valuable suggestions. Correspondence is solicited. JOHN WILLIAMS WHITE. HARVARD COLLEGE, Cambridge, Mass., Oct. 6,1874. A PARTIAL LIST OF THE EDITIONS OF THE (EDIPUS TYRANNUS. SOPHOCLES, with English Notes. By the Rev. F. H. M. Blaydes, M. A. Vol. I. 8vo. pp. lvi & 634. 18s. London: Whittaker. 1859. (This is a volume in the Bibliotheca Classica, and contains, besides the (Ed. Tyr., the CEd. Col. and the Ant. The second volume has never appeared.) THE CEDIPUS REX OF SOPHOCLES, with Critical, Philological, and Explanatory Notes. By the Rev. John Brasse, D. D. Post 8vo. pp. xi & 94. 5s. London: Longman. 1838. SOPHOCLES, THE PLAYS AND FRAGMENTS. Edited, with English Notes and Introductions, by Lewis Campbell, M. A., LL. D., Professor of Greek in the University of St. Andrews. Vol. I. 8vo. pp. viii & 495. 14s. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1871. (This volume contains the (Ed. Tyr., CEd. Col., and Ant., together with a valuable Introductory Essay on the Language of Sophocles. The second volrnle has not yet appeared.) THE (EDIPus TYRANNUIS OF SOPHOCLES, with English Notes. By Howard Crosby, D. D. Ninth Ed. 12mo. pp. 138. New York: Appleton. 1866. SoPHocLIs CEDIPUS REX ex Recensione et cum Commentariis G. Dind'orfii. Third Ed. 12mo. pp. 130. 2s. 6d. Oxford: Parker. 1860. (Usually bound in one thick volume with the CEd. Col., Ant., and Ajax, with a preface, pp. xxi. This with the companion volume at 21s.) SOPHOCLIS (EDIPUs TYRANNUS ex Recensione Petri Elmsley, A. M., qui et Annotationes Suas Adjecit. 8vo. pp. xlv & 90. 5s. Oxford: Parker. 1825. (To this are added (pp. 40) - Scholia Antiqua X PARTIAL LIST OF EDITIONS. in Sophoclis (Edipum Tyrannum. Ex Codice Laurentiano Plit. xxxii. 9.) SOPHOCLIS (EDIPUS REX. Emendavit, Varietatem Lectionis, Scholia Notasque turn Aliorum tum Suas Adjecit Car. Gtlo. Aug. Erfurdt. 8vo. pp. xiv & 483. 3 Thal. Leipsic: Gerharci Fleischer. 1809. FREUND'S SCHULER-BIBLIOTHEK. Praparation zu Sophocles' Werken. IV. Konig Oedipus. Pp. 246. 5 Sgr. Leipsic: Wilhelm Violet. 1869. SOPHOCLES' K6N'IG OEDIPUS. Griechisch mit metrischer Uebersetzung und priifenden und erklarenden Anmerkungen, von J. H. Hartung. Large 12mo. pp. 249. 21 Sgr. Leipsic: W. Engelmann. 1851. THE (EDIPUS REX OF SOPHOCLES, with Notes. By William Basil Jones, M. A. 16i1o. pp. 60 & 73. 1 s. 6 d. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1867. (EDIPUS TYRANNUS OF SOPHOCLES, with Notes, Critical and Explanatory. By T. Mitchell, A. M. 8vo. pp. viii & 203. 5s. Oxford: Parker. 1840. THE (EDIPUS TYRANNUS OF SOPHOCLES, with short English Notes. 18mo. pp. 55 & 34. is. Oxford: Parker. 1853. (Oxford Pocket Classics.) SOPHOKLES' K6NIG OIDIPUS. Nach der altesten Handschrift lund den Zeugnissen der alten Grammatiker berichtigt, iibersetzt, durch einen exegetisch-kritischen Commentar erklart von Franz Ritter. Large 8vo. pp. viii & 252. 1 Thal. 20 Sgr. Leipsic: Teubner. 1870. SOPHOKLES ERKLAXRT von F. W. Schneidewin. (Edipus Tyrannus. Fiinfte Auflage besorgt von Aug. Nauck. 8vo. pp. 174. 10 Sgr. Berlin: Weidmansche Buchhandlnmg. 1866. (There is an English translation of the first edition of this in Arnold's School Classics, made by Henry Browne. 4s. London: Rivington. 1852.) THE (EDIPUS TYRANNUS OF SOPHOCLES, with Notes and a Critique on the Subject of the Play. By J. W. Stuart, Professor of Greek and Roman Literature in the College of South Carolina. Pp. vi & 222. New York: Gould and Newman. 1837. LES TRAGEDIES DE SOPHOCLE. Texte grec, publie dapres les tra PARTIAL LIST OF EDITIONS. xi vaux les plus recents de la phiologie, avec un commentaire critique et explicatif, une introduction et une notice, par EId. Tournier. Ouvrage couronne par l'Association pour l'encouragement des etudes grecques. 8vo. pp. xxxii & 781. 12 fr. Paris: Hachette et 0ie 1867. (There is also a 16mo. edition of this work. Each tragedy of this smaller edition may be had separately at 1 fr.) SOPHOCLIS (EDIPUS REX. Edidit et adnotavit iHenricus Van Herwerden. Editio Major. Trajecti ad Rhenum, aplud L. E. Bosch et Fil. Large 8vo. pp. viii & 216. 1 Thal. 20 Sgr. 1866. SOPHOKLES K6NIG OIDIPUS. Fur den Schulgebrauch erklirt von Gustav Wolff. Large 8vo. pp. vi & 159. 10 Sgr. Leipsic: Teubner. 1870. SOPHOCLIs TRAG(EDIAE. Recensuit et explanavit Ed. Wunderus. Vol. I., Sect. II., continens CEdipum Regem. Fourth Ed. large 8vo. pp. 167. 12 Sgr. Leipsic: Teubner. 1859. (There is an English translation of this. 3s. London. 1851.) SOPHOCLES CEDIPUs TYRANNUS, with Notes. By Henry Young. 12mo. pp. viii & 84. Is. London: Lockwood. 1871. (Weale's Classical Series.) LEXICA. LEXICON SOPHOCLEUM. Edidit Guilelmnus Dindorfius. Lex. 8vo. pp. viii & 534. 3 Thal. 20 Sgr. Leipsic: Teubner. 1870. (This lexicon was seized by the police soon after its publication as an infringement on Ellendt's, and is now, consequently, hard to obtain.) LEXICON SOPHOCLEUM. Composuit Fridericus Ellendt, A. M. Editio Altera Emendata. Curavit Hermannus Genthe. Lex. 8vo. pp. xvi & 812. 8 Thal. Berlin: Borntrager Bros. 1872. (The first edition of this celebrated work appeared in 1835. An English translation and abridgment was published in 1841. 8vo. pp. 275. Now quoted at 3s. Oxford: Talboys.) INTRODUCTION. ADAPTED FROM SCINEIDEWIN. LAUS, son of Labdacus, king of Thebes, had been warned by an oracle of Apollo that he was destined to die by the hand of a son whom he should beget from his wife Jocasta, daughter of Menceceus. By what offence he had incurred this doom, Sophocles leaves untold; not so the pretended oracle: — A4tFe Aag6aKl77, 7ral8wv yPvos 6Xhpov alCreg. ro0w -0r Xov vbov r' a'rp 7reTpw/fzvopv fr-v 0o0 7ratcbs Xelpe'L XtLWreCp adoS' s 7&yp g'evo'ev Ze&s Kpovl6Vs HIoXoros rTvyepas apa? Wap?t crtOoas oi OIXov i4pcraoas vl6v 6' 6' Var6 ooc rcCe wrdrvra. Accordingly, a son being born to him, Laius binds his ankles together, and in this condition gives him into the hands of a slave, with orders to expose him upon the mountain. So Jocasta herself tells the story, 711 sqq., but suppresses some of the particulars. One of the omissions the old slave himself supplies, to the effect that he received the child, with command to make away with it, the rather from the mother's own hands, 1173, its feet being bound with a thong through holes cruelly bored in its ankles, which treatment was intended, without killing it outright, to insure its perishing, and to prevent its being taken up by others. Jocasta also keeps back the fact that it was on the subject of posterity that LaIus consulted Apollo, who warned him against begetting a son. Cf. 1184, ad+' &v o XPv,. The slave, however, takes compassion on the babe, and xiv INTRODUCTION. gives it, on Mount Cithseron, to a herdsman from Corinth, 1142 sq. But he, instead of rearing it for himself, gives it to his childless master, King Polybus, and his wife Merope. With kindly affection the pair bring up the foundling, which, from its swelled feet, they name oZ18,rovs (1036). He is generally accounted the first of the citizens of Corinth, until an apparently insignificant occurrence disturbs him in his youthful felicity. At a banquet, - as he himself, 779 sqq., relates, - one of his drunken companions assails him with the reproach that he is only the supposititious son of Polybus. Being stung by the affront, he with difficulty restrains himself for that day. On the morrow he presents himself before father and mother, tells them what has happened, and wishes to learn the truth. They are incensed against the author of the taunt, but fail to satisfy his doubts. The reproach still rankles in his breast, and will not let him rest. At length, without the knowledge of his parents, he sets off for Delphi, to obtain satisfaction from Apollo; but the god, instead of answering his question, announces to him as his destiny, that he shall wed his own mother, beget a race hideous to mankind, and be the slayer of his own father. Cf. 788 sqq., 994 sqq. Having received this oracle, he resolves, hard as it may be to him, never again to see his parents (999), but to turn his back forever upon his Corinthian home, in order to escape from the doom predicted by Apollo; for that he is truly the son of the affectionate fosterers of his infancy, he thinks he can no longer doubt. Alone he wanders, unknowing whither, through Phocis. At this same time (114 sqq.) it chanced that Laius was on his way from Thebes to Apollo's oracle at Delphi, we know not upon what errand. At the point where the highroads from Delphi and from Daulia (733 sq.) meet in a narrow pass (arevcnro'), the wanderer is met by an old man riding in a chariot, the driver at the time leading the horses. Cf. the note on 804. Both with violence attempt to force him out of the way. Being enraged, he deals the driver a blow, and then INTRODUCTION. XV essays to pursue his way quietly. The old man, however, watches his opportunity, and at the moment when CEdipus is in the act of passing the chariot, with his double goad deals him a blow right on the middle of his head. Upon this CEdipus instantly strikes him a fatal blow with his walking-staff; he falls backward from the chariot and dies. In the heat of his rage, CEdipus slays the other attendants also. So at least he believes: but one of them escapes, and to save himself from the reproach of a cowardly flight, on his arrival in Thebes relates that a band of robbers had fallen upon the party, 122 sq. This falsehood was indispensable for the poet, in order that CEdipus might not be allowed to come too soon upon the right track; so likewise was the representation that only one escaped, whose account of the matter could not be contradicted by other witnesses. Proceeding on his way, CEdipus arrives in the neighborhood of Thebes a short time after the escaped attendant has brought the intelligence of the violent death of Laius. Here, at that precise time, the Sphinx had her lair, a monster who, seizing on all that passed that way, propounded her enigma, and if they could not solve it, hurled them headlong from the rock, thereby decimating the city. Her enigma is couched by an unknown poet in the following verses: —'EoTt 8l7roUV &TIr 7y Kac Terp&Trov, o AtdCa oqp, iKa rplTov.* XctkdoeL of Ov7 h6Ovov 6ao'" iTrl 7yatCaC Eplrer& KLveTraaL Iy' aiO'pa Kal Kar& r6prov. dXX' 06r6-rav -rXElTro0wv p peL6Fevov wool /3avL, WOa radXos yvloLov davUp6rarov irAtec airov. CEdipus also passes by the mountain of the Sphinx, a stranger, and not as yet apprised by the Thebans concerning her proceedings; yet he intrepidly tries his fortune, and solves the Enigma of Man, whereupon the monster throws herself from the rock. This?Vmrts also has been put in verse:KXD00 Kat OK MEdXovoa, KaKorrepe MoOua Oav6vrcw, q/wvpts 41er7Tpqs abT rAXos d/t7rXCaK1s e Xvi INTRODUCTION. dvOpwrov KaTgXEcaq, 6T'7PV'Ka yacarp a pnret, 7rpwTov FELU TETpdrovs pv rtos &K X7,y6vwv. -yqpoaXVov 7reXcwv rTpCtTOV ro6a iafKTpov cpeletl, acXva qoprT'wv, y75pai Kac,'r6tcEvos. He is recognized as the savior of the state, and receives, together with the throne left vacant by the death of Laius, the widow of the king as his wife, and now as king in Thebes passes many years in undisturbed prosperity. Jocasta bears him four children; the city honors him as the greatest and best of men, who, not without the special favor of the gods, overcame the Sphinx, 33 sqq. But suddenly, after long years (561), the happiness which the gods awarded him is disturbed by a blight upon the fruits of the earth, and a pestilence on man and beast, — the punishment sent by Apollo because of the neglected expi-ation of the old murder. - In his vigilant care for the city, CEdipus has sent the man who stands next to himself and to the throne, his wife's brother Creon, with whom he has ever lived in undisturbed friendship (590 sqq.), to Delphi, for the purpose of invoking, in this trying emergency likewise, the aid of the Pythian god. At this point begins the action of the tragedy. PROLOGOS, 1 - 150. The distress having risen to the highest point, the whole population, not as yet acquainted with the measures taken by the king, has formed suppliant processions to the sanctuaries of the gods. Those who are the most in need of help, gray-headed old priests, young children, and chosen youths, repair to the palace of their sovereign on the Cadmeia. OEdipus, as a father, comes forth among his children, to inform himself of the purpose of this assembly, and to express his readiness to aid them to the utmost of his power. The priest of Zeus, whose age and dignity call him to be spokesman, depicts the general distress as the cause of their thus betaking themselves to him, the approved deliverer, who owes it to himself to be still the savior of the state. Deeply moved, (Edipus replies to this confiding and honorable address, that without waiting for INTRODUCTION. xvii any exhortation from others, he has of his own accord taken thought for all that can be done for the deliverance of his people from a calamity which indeed presses upon him above all others. Creon has been sent to Delphi, and whatever the god may order for the deliverance of the city, that will he do willingly. To the joy of all, Creon appears. At the express wish of CEdipus, he announces, in the presence of the whole assembly, that Apollo peremptorily demands from the citizens that the slayer of Launs, who is living in the land, be either banished or put to death, seeing this polluted person has brought upon Thebes the present calamity. Hereupon, while the points of moment for the connection of the fable are brought out by a series of questions and answers, CEdipus learns that Laius upon a time having left Thebes upon a Oeopla, — with what object, and to what oracle, is purposely not specified,- never returned; it was only known that he had been slain by a band of robbers. That no search was made at the time for the doer of this deed was caused by the Sphinx, who obliged them to confine their thoughts to their own immediate concerns. CEdipus, all unsuspecting, is prompt with his resolve to lose not a moment in executing the divine injunction. Needs must he himself apprehend that so daring a murderer, who, he fancies, must have been set on by political opponents in Thebes, may lay hands on him likewise! He then bids the assembled suppliants withdraw, and appoints one of his attendants to summon the principal citizens of Thebes, as he will leave nothing unattempted that may lead to the desired end. CEdipus and Creon go within the palace. Creon advises him to send a messenger for Tiresias, which he does, and after a time, impatient at his not arriving, he despatches a second. The citizens, whom the king has summoned, appear before the palace. As the age, sex, and position of the choreute are for the most part chosen to match the protagonistes, so here the xviii INTRODUCTION. Xpas ai'aKeSr form the Chorus, as- in the (Ed. Col. old men, in the Electra maidens, in the Ajax comrades in war, in the Philoctetes mariners. The deficiency in mental acumen and insight into the bearings of the events which appears in our choreutme was necessary for the poet in the management of the action; they must needs be men of limited minds and slow perception, that they may not, any more than their king, be able to see through the true connection and dependence of the incidents, and may still enter into and echo their master's tone of feeling. At the same time, their quietude makes them well adapted for thoughtful appreciation of the stormy passions which rave before them. As they take their place in the orchestra around the thymele, they strike up the PARODOS, 151 - 215. Aware of Creon's re. turn, but as yet unacquainted with the purport of the- oracle brought by him, with their expectation wrought up to the highest pitch, they invoke, in solemn rhythm, the chiefest of Thebes' tutelary deities, and depict in vivid colors the tribulations of their city; and then once more supplicate the succor of the gods, severally invoking them in long detail. By thus separating the Chorus from the iKtraL, Sophocles gets a natural occasion for letting (Edipus, by his announcement of the oracle, and of the measures which he has taken accordingly, exhibit himself in all his security and consciousness of innocence; while, at the same time, his address shows how heinous he considers the crime to be, and how earnestly he takes the injunction of the god. FIRST EPEISODION, 216 - 462. (Edipus, who, shortly before the close of the choral song, again appears, takes up the concluding thought, and bids the Chorus depend upon his active zeal, to which the command of the god has appointed its course of proceeding. But in his haste to obey the god, he neglects to acquaint the Chorus, in the first place, with that which they so ardently desired to know, - the purport of the oracle. This they learn only by way of corollary, 242, in quite general terms. For (Edipus, hurried on unawares by a supernatural excitement, INTRODUCTION. xix begins with emphatically protesting his own utter ignorance, until now, of that which he is about to communicate, thereby explaining how it comes that he, hitherto the wise counsellor in time of need, is obliged, for this time, to have recourse to the help of the citizens. Upon these he solemnly enjoins it as a duty in every way to aid in the discovery of the slayer of Laius,i upon whom he imprecates the heaviest curse, should he remain secret, while he commends the innocent population to the abiding protection of the gods. Upon the spectator, apprised from the outset of the real bearings of the events, the impassioned address of CEdipus must have had a thrilling effect. His speech, now quiet and gentle, now vehement and impetuous, becomes most impassioned at the very point where he imprecates upon the perpetrator and the abettor the evil that falls back upon himself. The Chorus protests its innocence and ignorance, but counsels to send for Tiresias. For this (Edipus has already taken care. In his disquietude, he marvels that the seer, though two messengers have been sent, has not yet made his appearance. The choragus then meditatively remarks that the story once current in the mouths of the people leads to nothing. CEdipus, not despising any, even the slightest trace, bids him tell what this was; but he learns nothing more than what Creon had already communicated as the report of the escaped attendant, that Laius was slain by robbers, or, as it is here said with a nearer approximation to the truth, by travellers. Then comes the blind seer Tiresias, whose mental eye has long clearly seen through all, and from whom the Chorus, with confidence, hopes that he will bring the doer of the deed to light; as in fact does come to pass, though in a manner wholly unexpected. (Edipus also expects speedy deliverance through Tiresias; and so it comes about that the very man on whom the entire population had built all its hope looks for help to the blind seer, who yet in the times of the Sphinx had held his peace! xX INTRODUCTION. The king welcomes the prophet with most honorable expressions of entire confidence, lays before him the purport of the oracle, and calls upon him to put forth all the resources of his art for the deliverance of the city. Tiresias, embarrassed, and repenting of his coming, adjures him to desist: his knowledge profits him not! It has been out of forbearance to the welldeserving ruler that he has so long shut up the secret in his own breast, and even now only upon provocation does he make the disclosures which follow. The king importunes, the seer persists in his refusal: let him be wroth if he will, - it will all come to light without a word from him! By degrees the already excited king is wrought up into a towering passion. Conscious that he himself is doing everything to carry out the injunction of the god, it exasperates him that Tiresias, having the power to help, refuses his aid. In bitter altercation he gives vent to the accusation that Tiresias himself was the instigator of the murder. Upon this, the seer, himself by this time angered, declares that ZEdipus is the murderer. But the king, his suspicions once having been roused, listens no longer to the child of night. Tiresias adds yet further — and in this CEdipus, in a calmer state of mind, could not have failed to perceive an echo of his own old oracle - that he is cohabiting with his nearest kindred in horrible intimacy. But no sooner has the seer appealed to Apollo, who will presently bring the matter to an issue, than a new suspicion adds to the infatuation which already possesses the blinded king. At the very hearing of Apollo, it flashes upon him that Creon —the bearer of the oracle from Delphi —is at the bottom of the matter, and that the seer, for love of base gain, has been acting upon his suggestions. This thought, rendered in some measure plausible by the fact that it was Creon who had advised the sending for the seer, in the impetuous CEdipus becomes at once a certainty; and the rather as, on the very first hearing of the matter, it had occurred to him that the murderer must have been set on by political motives. Following INTRODUCTION. xxi it up, he indignantly accuses Creon (who in company with CEdipus had left the stage at 146, and is not now present) as a conspirator with whom Tiresias is leagued to compass his overthrow. Now he scoffs at that which he has just before so highly extolled, -the prophetic skill of Tiresias, - a man who, for all his pretensions, had no power to help in the time of the Sphinx! His confidence shaken in all whom he had revered and loved, CEdipus, once so discreet, now sets up his 7?v'oL?) against the rIXVq of the professed seer, with all its infallibility, and menaces both the conspirators with the punishment they deserve. Tiresias now, for the second time, reveals in connected detail (412-428) the calamities which await (Edipus, living, as he does, in most disastrous unconsciousness of the horrors by which he is surrounded. In a burst of wrath, he bids the seer be gone. The latter, in replying to the taunt of his having uttered nothing:but follies, with the answer, "CThy parents thought me wise," has launched at the king a new shaft, so that from this time the painful recollection of the old unexplained mystery of his extraction mixes itself up with his present solicitude. With his demand for enlightenment Tiresias declines to comply, but darkly hints that this day, ere it close, will explain all. Then, before he withdraws, he for the third time expresses himself concerning the murderer in terms awfully enigmatical, but still clearly calculated to remind CEdipus of the old oracle; not now, however, as before, addressing the king himself, and expressly mentioning him by name, but speaking as if concerning a third person. He concludes with the words, "If these sayings be not made good, then CEdipus shall say that Tiresias knows nothing of the art which he professes." The king, also, for whom each fancied access of insight but deepens his blindness, retires into the palace. The spectator has now before him, in all its completeness, the prodigious contrast between the outward semblance and the reality. The truth which ZEdipus desires to have he thrusts from him, and falls at variance, xxii INTRODUCTION. moreover, with the seer, until now his well-wisher, and with his most faithful friend. It sets this contrast in a sharper light that the Chorus is involved in the same delusions with its lord. This short-sightedness of the Chorus appears immediately in bold relief in the FIRST STASIMON, 463 - 512. SECOND EPEISODION, 513 - 862, with a KOMMos, 649 - 697, with interposed trimeters. With great art the following scene is brought on by the dialogue with Tiresias. Creon, informed of the accusation raised against him by CEdipus, indignantly appears and endeavors to learn from the Chorus whether that harsh charge had indeed been made by a sane mind. But while the Chorus, in its loyal attachment to its lord, considerately shrinks from satisfying the inquiry, the king himself appears, and so the full explanation is reserved for the dialogue between the parties concerned. He gives his wife's brother a rough reception. To have the audacity to come into his presence, -him, his detected murderer and the robber of his throne! Creon must needs regard him a coward or fool, if he thinks to delude him, or supposes that his plottings will not be promptly met! Creon, on the other hand, advises (Edipus first to look calmly into the facts of the case. And now the king, to make his grounds sure, commences an examination, point by point. He asks whether it was not Creon's suggestion that he should send for the seer. This being answered in the affirmative, he asks whether Tiresias had ever, in former times, pointed at him as the guilty person. If he, who now all on the sudden thinks fit to mark him as the murderer, has before this held his peace, it is to him a demonstrated fact that he was prompted by Creon, who coveted the throne. The more conclusive ZEdipus deems this inference, the more firmly does he here once more fix himself in his error. Hereupon Creon, having first shown how near he stands to CEdipus and his queen, goes into a long train -of argument, wishing to demonstrate, by a rational discussion of all the INTRODUCTION. xxiii circumstances, how utterly absurd it would be in him to entertain the ambitious design upon the throne of which he is accused. If CEdipus can convict him of having a crafty understanding with Tiresias, he protests himself ready to die a shameful death. Without listening to this oath, or taking heed to the pacific admonitions of the Chorus, the king insists that Creon must die as a traitor. At this point the choragus, 631 sqq., announces the approach of Jocasta, whom the altercation has called from the palace. She bids them for shame desist, in the midst of the general distress, from stirring up private quarrels. Upon this, (Edipus lays before her his impeachment of Creon, and the latter by the most solemn oath again asseverates his innocence. It is only upon the most urgent entreaties of his wife and of the choreutse, that the king lets Creon go, - not in the least convinced that he has wronged his wife's brother, - but with the express declaration that he will never cease to hate him. Creon withdraws, protesting that his sovereign has misjudged him, whereas the whole city knows that he is still what he always was; and he ominously predicts that (Edipus will be pained by the thought of his injustice, when once his passion is allayed. Upon Creon's departure, at Jocasta's desire, her husband relates the occasion of the quarrel, the Chorus having vainly besought him to let the matter rest. Creon, he says, would fain make him out to be the murderer; so little is he able to free himself from his preconceived opinion that Tiresias was suborned by him to accuse him of the deed! With shrewd! womanly art, Jocasta now sets herself to convince her husband, already more than enough entangled in a web of self-deception, that the vaunted science of the seers is not worth heeding. There was an old oracle given to LaYus which was so far from receiving its fulfilment, that foreign robbers, as the story goes,this then she trusts implicitly, without much questioning its grounds or want of grounds, - slew him on the common high xxiv INTRODUCTION. way: as for her child, it was exposed immediately after its birth. Thus was the response of the ministers of the Delphian temple put to shame! But here the punishment follows close on the heels of the blasphemy. This very story, which was meant to set her husband's mind quite at rest as regarded one oracle, by the instance of another oracle which was falsified by the event, produces just the opposite result. The words of the seer, so plain and pointed, remained an enigma for CEdipus: now one casual harmless word arrests his attention and staggers him in the confidence he has thus far felt. Now begins the wonderfully contrived?rEpLT-rerLa; a faint presentiment of the truth arises in the hero's mind, but the poet has the skill yet for a long time to retard the full discovery. Not only now but again and again hereafter this same tragical effect attends the process of the discovery, that the gradual uplifting of the veil is effected by the very persons who are endeavoring to relieve the hero's mind of its growing anxieties. When, namely, Jocasta mentions that Laius was slain irpos TpLtrXaL dlaLToiS, - a spot where there would naturally be frequent encounters of people coming from different directions, - CEdipus eagerly catches at this description of the locality, and inquires whither the pass led, how long ago this occurrence befell, how old Laius was, and of what appearance. When all tallies with his own old adventure, an indescribable anxiety takes possession of his mind, lest after all Tiresias be found to see but too truly. For even the number of the attendants accords; and now he desires Jocasta to send with all speed for the slave who had then returned, that he may gain the satisfaction he needs from him. The slave had recognized in the highly praised deliverer of the city, and husband of the queen, the slayer of his lord. As the sight of him must ever remind him of his falsehood about the band of robbers, he had withdrawn from Thebes, Of the fact that the new king was INTRODUCTION. xxv the son of LaYus, he had no knowledge. It was a necessary contrivance of the poet's that the slave, whom CEdipus had omitted to summon in the first instance (118), should not be present, yet not too remote; and the mention by Jocasta, just at this point, where the elucidation of the mystery lies so close at hand, of the reason why he wished to be dismissed into the country, is ominously significant. Jocasta, having as yet no foreboding of the ground of her husband's anxiety, wishes to learn what it is; whereupon (Edipus, who in Thebes was universally held to be the son of Polybus, fiankly relates his juvenile history, and the adventure in the XWrqlT0 d6s. If the old man whom he slew was Laius, he must bewail himself as of all mortal men the most hated of the gods, since upon him must then light all the heavy curses which he has openly denounced upon the murderer. In his contemplation of this contingency, he is still so blind that he bewails the hard fate which makes it impossible for him, if the case be so, ever to return to his old home and his beloved parents at Corinth, if he would not incur the yet worse misery of fulfilling the old oracle by slaying Polybus and wedding Merope. At every step which the hero takes toward the truth, the poet has the art to excite afresh, and with more intensity, the'AXEov and d43os of the spectator. The way in which, step by step, the truth comes out, is managed with inimitable art. As yet the hero's misgiving is limited to the milder half of his disastrous condition, the apprehension that he may have been the slayer of the royal husband of his wife; his parents he innocently assumes to be living in Corinth, and dreads the possible fulfilment of that which lies long years behind him in the past! Even for that milder object of his apprehension, dreadful as the contemplation of it is to the high-souled king, he has still a ray of hope. If, namely, the herdsman shall persist in his story that robbers were the slayers of the old king, he, a solitary individual, cannot be the culprit. Jocasta goes yet further; even if the herdsman 2 xxvi INTRODUCTION. should vary in his tale, this need not trouble him. Loxias plainly declared that her husband should fall by the hand of his own son; but this son perished long before his father. Consequently she will never believe in prophecy and divination. Meanwhile she will send forthwith for the herdsman; until then let CEdipus with her enter their palace. SECOND STASIMON, 863 - 910. The pious old men, deeply offended by the daring levity shown by Jocasta in her avowed disregard of the utterances of the gods, and by the godless way in which she has spoken of her past life, especially the icy coldness of heart which she betrayed in her account of the exposure of her infant, pray to Zeus that he will confirm the truth of the oracle given to Lalus. Armed with the holy primeval laws of religion and morality, they contend for their inviolable sanctity, unchecked by any misgiving that the object they would obtain by their prayer is indeed none other than the speedy overthrow of the king to whom they still adhere with the same devoted loyalty as ever. THIRD EPEISODION, 911 - 1085. Suddenly Jocasta comes forth, and explains that a fancy has taken her to offer to the gods. Need teaches prayer. Within doors she cannot breathe freely; while CEdipus, a prey to boundless dejection, persists in rejecting all that she can suggest for the quieting of his disturbed mind, and lends an ear only to the most alarming representations. Jocasta draws near to the altar of the very god whose utterances she has but now again treated with contempt, and whose wisdom she will presently, on the first seeming lull of the storm, once more, with her usual levity, turn into derision. The impression made by the language of the profane queen —irreligious even in her devotions - tells with the greater effect by contrast with the loftiness and purity of the sentiments to which the magnificent ode, whose last accents have but just died away, has attuned the minds of the spectators. Apparently, the god instantly grants the prayer, that the real INTRODUCTION. xxvii ity, when it comes, may be all the more crushing. A messenger appears from Corinth, who, in the belief that he is the bringer of joyful tidings, shows a cheerful bearing. Polybus is dead; and he, in hope of rich reward, has immediately set off on his journey hither to be the first bearer of the tidings to CEdipus, whom, as he says he has heard, the Corinthians intend to make their king. On hearing this, Jocasta triumphantly calls out her husband. There now are the oracles again falsified! And now even the pious king, with this new fact before him, cannot forbear to chime in with her ex-ultation, and emboldens himself to speak disparagingly of oracle and flight of birds. True, upon recollecting the studied ambiguity and equivocal character of the language of oracles, it occurs to him — always ready-minded, and always at fault in the direction of his reflections - that Polybus' death may have been caused by grief for the loss of him, in which case the god will yet be true, and he, in a sense, the slayer of his father. So difficult does he find it to accord with Jocasta's tone of feeling, and so much does his pious mind revolt from her profane levity, that rather than doubt the truth of the divine words, he chooses to take refuge in casuistical refinements. And then forthwith the other part of the old oracle falls heavily on his soul, - that he should become the husband of his mother. Jocasta, indeed, is prompt with *her woman's counsel; one must drive such crotchets out of one's head; that is the only way to live comfortably, 977 sqq. But the messenger from Corinth, to whom OEdipus makes known the cause of his fear, hastes, with the best intentions, to relieve him of his distress. Polybus was of no kin to (Edipus; from his own hands the pair received the boy. LaYus' herdsman, who handed the child over to him upon a time when they were together in Cithaeron, would be able to throw further light upon the subject. The Chorus recognizes in this herdsman the very man who has been summoned to explain the circumstances of the old king's death. For he it was that had accompanied Laius and xxviii INTRODUCTION. escaped with the tidings of his death to Thebes. Jocasta, the scales now at once falling from her eyes, adjures (Edipus to desist from further investigation; but this he peremptorily declines. Upon this Jocasta hurries off from the scene, with words which portend some frightful resolve on her part. CEdipus, again misapprehending the true bearings of the case, imagines that Jocasta's vanity is wounded; that she fears he may be found to be of ignoble extraction. For his part, he will not rest until he gets at the whole truth of his parentage; come what will, he regards himself as a son of Tyche,:who Ias made him small and great. Nothing daunts the strong hero; before all things he will learn the full truth. A HYPORCHEMA, 1086 -1109, of cheerful character serves, just before the catastrophe, to shed a last gleam of light upon the gathering gloom, while the Chorus, wholly entering into the tone of the protagonist, pictures to itself that CEdipus may perchance be the child of a god by some mountain-nymph of Cithteron. FOURTH EPEISODION, 1110 —11 85. The herdsman for whose coming CEdipus has longed appears, and is recognized by the Corinthian as the person from whose hands he received the child. Of the attack made upon Laus by a number of robbers, which was the point on which the king desired satisfaction when he was urgent to have this man summoned, we hear no more, now that matters have taken a new turn, in consequence of W-hich all is cleared up at once so soon as the hero's origin is brought to light. The other recalls to the recollection of the Theban herdsman the days they spent together on the mountains, and thinks to give him a joyful surprise with the discovery that the boy wholm the other handed over to him is none other than the king before whom they stand. The horrified Theban is forced by violent menaces to confess that Jocasta herself consigned the child to his hands for destruction, moved to this by fear of an oracle which foretold that the child would one INTRODUCTION. xxix day slay his father. That he would also wed his mother was no part of the oracle given to Laius; this was only prophesied to (Edipus. Now first the whole hideous reality, in all its parts, is laid bare before the.eyes of the -king... Having, with a bitter cry, bid farewell to the light of day, and summed up with pregnant brevity the chain of horrors through which Tiresias so well saw, he rushes into the house. THIRD STASIMON, 1186 —1222. The Chorus having contemplated the sudden vicissitudes of all earthly things, then follows, The ExoDos, 1223 to the end. Inserted in this is a second KOMMos, 1313-1368, intermixed with trimeters by the Chorus. An exangelus gives a relation of the portentous horrors which have befallen in the palace. Jocasta has strangled herself in the thalamus; (Edipus, like a maniac, with loud yell, has burst in, and with Jocasta's golden clasps bored out both his eyes, to escape the sight of-his misery and misdeeds. So, says the messenger, has measureless wretchedness entered in, where once dwelt high prosperity. Then, to show to the Thebans in his horribly mutilated condition - for which the description given by the messenger has prepared them —the unhappy sufferer, whose noble spirit, as it never knew concealment, so now will have no disguises, the palace-doors fly open, and CEdipus totters forth. He now bewails alternately with the Chorus, without reproaching any other than himself, his self-inflicted blindness, and his disastrous destiny. Anon, collecting himself, he speaks (from 1369) of the fearful punishment he has inflicted upon himself; he weighs the circumstances which made it impossible for him any longer to behold the light. He concludes with the prayer that the Chorus will thrust him out of the land, or make away with him. So little is he content with the punishment which, in his frenzy, he has inflicted upon himself, until the oracle of the Pythian god concerning the slayer of Lalus be also satisfied to the uttermost. The Chorus refers him to Creon, whom it sees approaching. xxx INTRODUCTION. During the minority of the sons, Creon is the natural successor to the throne, as Sophocles luakes the hero forthwith abdicate the sovereignty. So, after the lapse of a few hours, Creon, without doing anything toward it himself, has through CEdipus' own proceedings attained to the very dignity which he was previously accused of unrighteously affecting! The unhappy king, who has now seen how greatly he was deceived in the suspicion he was led to entertain of his old friend, is alarmed at the announcement of Creon's approach. But, as in the Ajax, Ulysses, after the death of his enemy, comes forward as the noble vindicator of his merits, and in the Philoctetes the position of Neoptolemus relative to Philoctetes in the course of the action undergoes a complete revolution, so the relation of Creon to (Edipus takes an unexpected turn; for Creon, entirely vindicated by the events, comes forward as a sympathizing friend and helper in time of need, and makes it plain that he has retained no recollection of the offence. In the first place he desires them immediately to withdraw from the light of day the shocking spectacle of the unhappy sufferer; but when (Edipus addresses to him also the request that, agreeably with the dictate of Apollo, he may be banished, he bids him wait patiently for the decision of the god, which he holds himself bound to seek once more before taking any further measures. Submitting to this arrangement, and having commended to Creon's pious care the obsequies of his wretched sister, on his own behalf he has nothing more to ask but that he may be thrust out to Cithxeron, the place once appointed by his parents for his grave; only the thought of his two poor daughters weighs heavily upon his fatherly heart; as for the sons, they are already able to help themselves. The latter he does not ask to see, - their character as godless men is fixed in the myth, - but the maidens, whom he dearly loves, he would fain embrace once more. Even for this, Creon, who knows the heartfelt love which their unhappy father has ever borne them, has taken thought. Cordially thanking INTRODUCTION. xxxi him for this kindness, CEdipus pathetically surveys all the painful circumstances which may await the orphaned maidens, who, in the innocence of their hearts, incapable of comprehending the horrors of the situation, stand mutely by. With warm affection he commends them to the faithful guardianship of Creon, who must supply to them the place of a father. So the poet manages to give to the horrors of the drama a milder close, and to afford the spectator a consolatory glance into the future. e Upon this Creon bids him go in: if such be the will of the god, he will surely obtain his desire of quitting the land. In the concluding trochees, the Chorus points out how in the man who but now was extolled as wisest and greatest of men, the maxim of Solon is verified, that no mortal must be accounted happy until one has learned by experience whether his good fortune will be faithful to him unto the end of his days. Undoubtedly this is the most evident idea that suggests itself to us in our contemplation of the Drama of the Fall of CEdipus: as accordingly it is carried out at greater length in the last stasimon, and is also brought forward by the exangelus, 1282 sqq. Here also that reflection of Ulysses in the Ajax is in place, 5p; yap,~/av oL8Ev o'vras GaXXo 7rX.'v'E&OX &rOep ci"Zev,'-Kovir:aKLoa. Buit it would be a great mistake to imagine that Sophocles intended in this gnome toi put at once into our hands the idea which his drama was meant to enforce, and in which all should find its central unity. The world unfolded in this drama exhibits a portraiture much too individually marked for any such conception; its relations, bearings, characters, are far too special to admit of our spanning with this formula the poetical conception of the drama considered in its essence. The vicissitude exhibited is but the external consequence of inward contradictions; it lights upon CEdipus, who seems to have been singled out by fate as the ball of its caprice. His entire life is one continued oscillation between unmitigated opposites; his endeavor and will stand to the actual result in the most xxxii INTRODUCTION. crying contradiction; where he strives after the best, he works misery; where he thinks to go right cleverly to work, his sagacity is ever at fault, while, if he does hit the truth, it is but by accident, unconsciously and unavailingly. The language of the oracles he misinterprets throughout: the Sphinx's riddle he solves while yet his own being is, and continues to be, to him an enigma. Personally conscious of no guilt, he becomes entangled in the most disastrous destinies: circumstances, seemingly the most unfavorable, lend him a hand to unlookedfor success. As these contrasts are seen in that part of his life which is external to the action of our drama, so in the drama itself they lie before us in all their asperity. The deep tragedy of the play lies in the very circumstance that a terrible utterance of the god receives its fulfilment at the very poingwhere CIEdipsi-h'amn6t' had-a remote conception of it4 that where he most zealously and with keen eye explores the traces of another's guilt, he accelerates the downfall of his own prosperity, and puts a sharper edge to his unhappy destiny by blind precipitancy in consequence-'of his seeming wisdomi; that he attains the object to which he has bent his mind day and night, the salvation of the state, but that the new deliverance of the city he has once happily delivered is'his own destruction. The pestilence which gave occasion to the discovery of the truth ceases; the sorely visited and yet innocent city breathes freely again, and the perdition falls upon the very man who at the opening of the play, alone together' with those belonging to him, seemed exempt from the general destruction, of which, nevertheless, he was the cause. The higher CEdipus seems to stand in outward felicity, in endowments of understanding and heart, the vaster the separation, as the drama develops it, between truth and semblance. He was worthy of a better fate: but even before he was begotten he was chosen to be the unnatural instrument of the divine vengeance upon his father and his mother: their transgression INTRODUCTION. xxxiii should thereby undergo the severest retribution. He takes the life of him who gave him life; she, the mother who would put her child out of the way, conceives children by this her child. It is she who undergoes the most hideous fate, because it was she who seduced Lalus to slight the prohibition of Apollo, and because she thereafter stifled the natural voice of a mother's love. If now we trace more closely the contrasts, in the hero's life and destinies, as Sophocles has carried them out in minutest detail, we are met by the wide chasm between the outward welfare of the son of Tyche (1080 sqq.) and the misery once for all doomed to him by the gods from his very birth. Scarce three days old is he, when by the hands of the parents - who nevertheless longed for heirs- he is ruthlessly maimed, and consigned to destruction. Given over to a foreign shepherd to be brought up as his child, he is presented as a gift to a childless pair in afvetls KO'dpvOov, and by their consentient love is reared - he, the foreign-born, the maimed foundling, the child of unknown parents-as own offspring of royal parents, as heir of an illustrious throne. A mere chance, in a party met for pleasure, shatters the juvenile happiness of the youth who in the eyes of every man ranked as first of the Corinthian citizens. Thirsting for the clearing up of his doubts, he thinks to betake him to the surest source; but concerning the past, which he wishes to know, Apollo is silent, and intimates all that is most horrible concerning the future, for which he was not questioned. He would fain secure himself against the fulfilment of the oracle. What it is in the power of man to do, he does. But while the homeless pilgrim wanders lonely and without an aim into the country where he may be farthest removed from his Corinthian parents, he slays his true father in an encounter wherein he was justified in using violence in self-defence. For that father purposes at the cross-roads also to slay him, unknown, whom as a child he had wittingly sought 2* c Xxxiv INTRODUCTION. to put out of the way; but this time also his attempt miscarries, that the will of the gods may be done. Chance leads the young man to Thebes: he solves the enigma at which all before him had labored in vain; and this very fortune hurls him into the deepest abyss of ruin. The community of his native city rewards him with the vacant throne and the hand of his mother. Then, long undisturbed domestic and public felicity. But the gods leave no sin unpunished, be it early or late; and blood -once shed, above all the blood of a father shed by the hand of a child, may not remain unavenged, be the culprit accountable or not. Apollo sends blight and pestilence'upon the city which harbors the blood-guilty one. Again CEdipus betakes him- to the same god who has once prophesied to him, and whom he must needs regard as the author of his prosperity, seeing that his oracle, by warning him against returning to Corinth, has been the means of his present exaltation. At last, when he has wandered through many a maze of error, his eyes - and this is the matter of our play - are opened. Ere this, he who solved the Enigma of Humanity is left, concerning his own human relations, to grope his way, even to the hideous catastrophe, in utter darkness. It is a point of deep significance - and this formed from the first a marked trait of the popular fiction -that he takes revenge upon the bodily eye for the blindness of his mind; that the darkened mind in the midst of light may have its counterpart in the seeing mind and darkened body. The character of the Sophoclean (Edipus is spotless, as in fact he stands there in the popular fiction, - the innocent victim of ruthless destiny. From his youth up he has confidingly surrendered himself to the guidance of the bright god of Delphi, and with him will he stand or fall (145). Passionate he is, no doubt, else were he no subject for tragedy. But the poet is ever anxious-to let it be seen:that- even his excesses spring from noble impulses. To him, as the prologue and many other INTRODUCTION. xxxv passages of the play declare, the public weal is supreme above all other considerations. Conscious of the purest aims, and convinced that he is serving the god, he becomes harsh and suspicious toward those whose proceedings seem not to be directed to the same end: he loses his steadfastness of selfcommand and self-consistency, thereby aggravating the miserable lot, which cannot be, nor is meant to be, referred to this as its cause. Without these darker shades in the portraiture of the hero, otherwise sagacious in insight and mild in disposition, yet ever putting himself palpably in the wrong, the dramatic action would lose in inner truthfulness and consistency. As it is, the sentiment in the Antigone,, 622 - 624,. becomes applicable to him, ro KaKOV cOKEIV 7TOT E6cYaov ra 49:EVr (/0 )p vas de ayeL'po''crav. So likewise, and "only so, the way in which the poet has contrived, with wonderful skill, to retard the catastrophe acquires its ground of psychological truth. The passion, too, is quite natural; it is, as CEdipus says (334), enough to provoke a stone to see Tiresias so reluctant to serve his god. And, as if it were not enough that he has in this way thrown the king off his self-possession, the seer must needs also awaken the old uncomfortable feelings about his parentage, and moreover gives him occasion to impute a criminal design to Creon, though Creon has not the slightest notion of the true state of the case. And then, when all at once the seer turns round and impeaches him as the murderer, is it not enough to set him ablaze with indignationl For he could not possibly see that Tiresias had all these years kept silence only out of respect for his noble qualities as a man, and for the wisdom with which as king he was guiding the state. And Tiresias, likewise, himself loses his temper, and is forced out of the dignified repose of his sacred character. In all else (Edipus is throughout a graid, heroic figure; not, indeed, to be scanned by the rule of later times, but one of the forms of the gigantesque olden time, and of that hard, granite-like generation with which old Nestor xxxvi INTRODUCTION. conversed in his younger days. In particular, the princely stock of the Cadmeiones is characterized by a lofty sternness and stubbornness which in fact makes the traditions of that race stand in such marked contrast to those of the Achaian houses. If to others CEdipus is harsh, his greatest harshness is to himself; the utmost severity of punishment that could of right be visited upon him, he outdoes by the measureless vengeance he takes upon his innocent eyes. For such is the length to which the tragic illusion is carried, that in the state into which his feelings are wrought up, he does not pause to examine the facts of his case in their proper characters, but holds himself alone responsible for all that through him has come to pass. Cedipus, then, the hated of the gods, is a standing example of that article of the popular creed according to which a man, in spite of the purest intentions, may fail utterly, only becaugse he is an object of aversion to the gods; a faith which took its rise from observation of the enormous disparity which is so often seen between men's merits and their fate. Let it not be thought that this conception of the CEdipus is not that which in a moral point of view would commend itself to the religious mind of a Sophocles. It should be remembered that for the basis of this surpassingly wonderful creation of his genius, he found the story ready-made to his hand. To settle the odds of guilt and punishment could never be the task he set himself, unless he would mar the whole sense of the fable. Further, it should be considered that (Edipus, however pure in his own person, bore with him an inherited sin; for as, in the faith of the ancients, the misdeeds of the parents were often left unpunished in them, to be visited on children and children's children, so likewise the parents' sin imparts itself to the children, and weighs upon them; nay, even in the common.intercourse of life, the sin of the impure passes by contagion to the pure, and draws them together into the same destruction. All things considered, the fundamental idea of the drama can INTRODUCTION. xxxvii be no other than this: For mortal man, be he ever so good, not all the watchfulness he can use in pondering his steps will s2ufce to guard him against misgoings; not all the penetration he can exercise in the discovery of the right will avail for his good, if once the love of the gods be withheld. Be the outward semblance ever so dazzling, the longer the respite the deeper the perdition into which the gods, by inexorable necessity, will at last hurl the e'X0podalAzlv. In AEdipus we have the impersonation of the utter impotence of man when put upon his own resources. What has it availed him that the gods, by fore-anno-uncement of his destiny, have given him a look in-to the future which lies before him l Destiny has spread her toils for him, and he falls into them at the very point where he thinks right cleverly to evade them, and to secure his safety. That it is the duty of man'humbly to submit himself to a higher guidance, was the general popular faith; this lowly resignation expresses itself in the fact of their praying to the gods that they would grant the power to do that which was right. Of the too harsh destiny which lights upon (Edipus, a righteous compensation is afforded in his end: this is the idea presented in the counterpart of our'play, the CEdipus at Colonus, which at the same time affords the fullest proof that the conception of the CEdipus as here stated was, and must have been, that which Sophocles from the first intended. The parts assigned to all the other persons of the drama seem intended, from first to last, to furnish motives to the procedure of the protagonist, and to draw out his character in a stronger light. In particular, Jocasta stands there beside her noble husband, with a mind how differently constituted! It is her maxim to live for the day. Should anything occur to disturb the god-forgetting tenor of her course, she seeks only to thrust it aside as soon as possible. The earnestness of CEdipus in learning the truth, regardless of what may follow, is to her alien. For truth and right she cares less than for present comfort. To xxxviii INTRODUCTION. her first husband, reckless of the divine warning he has received, she, having by her arts infatuated him, bears a child, and then, fearing the consequences, without more ado, puts it out of her sight: whether it was really destroyed, of this she had no certainty. Set at rest for the moment, she asks no further questions: gods and oracles give her no concern, save at the actual pinch of need; at other times, her daring levity carries her even to the length of reckless blasphemy. Her marriage with the young Corinthian prince makes her oblivious of the sacred duty of bringing to light her husband's murderers. The old slave she willingly dismisses, because his presence must continually remind her of her child, and of her former husband. She meets with nothing beyond her demerits, when in the full view of the horrors of which her wickedness has been the guilty cause, with her own hands she strangles herself. It is wisely done that the poet dismisses her from the scene before the final disclosure, that the sympathy of the spectators may not be frittered away and diverted from the more worthy (Edipus. TEXT. TA TOT JPAMATOZI HPOI2H1A. OIAIIIOTT. IEPETM. IOKATTHI. KPEQN. ArrEAOZ. XOPOZe yep6vrwt OrPfalwv. OEPAIIhN Aatov. TEIPEIIA2. EBArrEAOM. OIzIFIOTZ TTPANNOX. DRAMATIS PERSON-E. UpD, I-PUS, King of Thebes. SERVANT of LA' I-US. JO-CAS' TA, his wife. CRE' ON, her brother. TI-RE' SI-AS, a blind seer. AN-TIG O-NE, I Youthfid daughters PRIEST of Zeus. IS-ME' NE, )of (EDIPUS. CHORUS of Theban old men. SUPPLIANTS; BOY, attendant on TIMESSENGERfj'rO2 Corinth. RESIAS; ATTENDANTS on CEDIPUS, MESSENGERfirOln within the palace. JOCASTA, and CREON, two to each. SCENE, before the royal palace in Boeotian Thebes. Along itsfiront stand altars and images of the gods. The priest of Jupiter and certain agqed companions, afew chosen youths and several children, all with woollen fillets upon olive branches, slowly enter from the city. They ascend the stage and place their suppliant boughs on the altars and statues of the gods, and then seat themselves on the steps of the former, looking expectantly towvard the palace, from which, through its central door, aUdipus comesforth and addresses them. OIAIIIOT~. TEKNA, rKa'1ov Tovy 7rcXa vea'rporl, [Introit. Ttlvac zroO' epaq Traose,uoo 9oa'cere KT'7~p oL0,. CX1a OtL V /Lr-LeIvOt WTXvPt ) 6'fLOuO L V OvluataTErY 7,L.EL, o/Lou eE 7raLalvov Te Kab erera7[artWr 5 aryw 8tLaKLv p/ v'rap' a7ey/wv, fe/Cva, aXXov aKcovetv avTroq 8' EXlXvOa, o 7Ta-t: KXCetV'oV O'bTrovq,caXovitLevoq. axX', e( yepate, bpal', e7re 7TrpErTov kpv wrpo rav;e o Voept, 1TMl TpO7T6r KaOcCTaTe, 10 8eacavTeS r) rTrepaavTe9; co eOXOVTO9 av 4 ZODOKAEOYS,etov?rporapdet rv 7ar CVX7y7To (yatp a' Ec1V TotavWe,Tl ov iCaTOLCTElpCWV E Opav. IEPET~. daX,'o tCpaTrvvov OV067rov? Xc fpa U; opa? e/rv r7/LaS yXtICOL rrpoo-rLeOa 15 (gUo0oatu TOvS O'lo, ot;Cv oiVf>rco /.LaKpav'7rTEcOat o0CVOZVTE7, Ot 8VV 7fc11tpa 3apet, tept%, 7ro pev Zq1vo, o0 67r VO Ev XeIcTO' T' 8' aXXo ovpXov''erTEfl/EvOV a7yopa'ct Oace^b, 7rpo T'e IlaEXXca8o& 87rXOt' 20 vao7t, Tr' IcrpIUvov'e LavTreta'7rro&. 7rOXLt ryap, o'7rep KcavroE eaLoopaq, ayav 183i oraXeve c Kava:ovqicattrapc ~vO&, "' X O" I' 3voOxV'zET ovX ota ve coLvLov craXov, pOivovo-a tkEv,caXvt:v EKycap7rOt? XOVOIl, 25 Otlvouo'a 8 a7yEX iLV /ovvo3uoJ,, TOKOlt't e a7ovotc 7yvvatKv~ eV) 8'o 7rupVopo9 OEO nrgr etaq r Xa~vvet, XouzoqoF 7'rro Lv, V ov xCeVOVTat Mlua Ka8reaov t o Xac'''Aths crTEva7EyovL Kat 9oos rK7XOVTr'LeTat. 30, c,.^ t.t,,oteo, y\ OCOEOUt JkV PVV OVKC LO-OVkLEVOV 0 7(C0) OVW ot&e vraot8cE EJ'oL7eO Ef Ea7TtOt, aVOpuv 8s'rpO'rTOV e, Te cvgcopatq tL[ouV ICplVOVT'ES eV e E at!Loolv ovWavvaXXayaa'l o's T e'EXvoaq,'avv Ka84LsEov /)oXo v, 35 catXflpa9, d ao8ov aolv ov 7apelXozev IcaL raiO' av )/L ol v cE L3(A JXE0O9V OIAIIOYM TYPANNOS. 5 ove EKc aXOEtB, aXXa 7r'poo'rO cIf Oeov X67eL VO/,IU/&^ 6' 7'7A'v oOpOW'at 310OV vUv T C) KpaTO'To70V 7raoaw O8L7rov capct, 40 tKCTeVO/-E6V Ue 7ravTre? oo6e 7rpocrpo7rot aXKc71v 7tV EUPEV n7/1V, ECtTE 7TOV OEcV c71[7v2 aKcovO-at e, a7r av8po' otOd', 7rovW) 70T0&ZV J7rTEtpOt0T KaC TaS U/LVjopast' Cacrq opC p(aCXTra 70ov1 flevcuarowv. 45'0I, 2 fTpouv; ap'pta', avopOwooov 7roTXv 0,l EXa eiaBrOqO'~ () a'e vvv,Av e 8re ryq a'i)Tpa ICXt T 777r 7TCpo9 7rpoOvB/.ua9' apX?' 8e 7,' O?7S op q8a;LW9 pLe/ifu/Jee,,d s TravTCe 7 ES opOOiv KCaLt'reoVuoTE VaTEpOV' 50 aXX acoaXet 7rlv78' avopcoov 7ro'Xtv.,/ opvit yap eat 7T) OT atarC TVqV rapeo'xeV npv, Kca'rarvv iao'o ryevov., Ec&Trep ap:e9 72r7e T 7c,, oootrep K:pavTEq, vv av8pa.v wKAcXXtov r KCevr' KcpaTeh,' 55 oK ov8ev Crrtv ovTCe rvp7yo0 oTre vavT ep17/Jo0 av8pv p?7 c vtKI V1 )7W. OIAIHOTT. 9, C Trat8e9 OlK7pOlTp, ryVW7v ICOWv aoyvo7Ta 1.o0 7rpooa-7XOeO' tetppOV7E. euv yap o8' OrTb vocreTE vravre7, Kata voo'70vreT, (09 Ey7 60 O S e ) O' e O t10 OVIC KecTLY V/AtWlV O0CTV; 6(701V VOME. \ \... TO LEcv?ap vtc~v axT os clE e6 EPXETaL IAvoV Kca0' auTov,,Covev a XXov, D' P77 6 2OOKAEOY2 d vxv vrodXv Te Kca/.E Kcat oov eve. /,,,.,,,, Xr oz'w v77 rv ry' evoovra eeryelpeTe, 65 ax''TEre rokXXa /iev /Je &alcpuravra (r7, 8V C' 0v -lCo7rcv ev'ptclov bao'lv LovYn!l (!'I TavT77v 67rpata wra8Xa fyap MevoLKeo'? Kpe"ovT', 7E[avtrov ya[4?8pov, e- va HvOuecc 70 7%TELC a lo/t3ou 8o3 aO'', n 7rvOolO' o 76 (Ap)v?7 Tt foi~ov T-7)vc jpvaal]ytv 7roxtv. Kcalt,.ap qo8) Vt1plTpoVutEvov XpoVW XV7re6 T' 7rpac'e' ToU Ty(p eWxT To 7repa avrecrTt 7XrAtco'TOi KaO7.KOPTOo XP?O. 75 /aXreo7l "r~el )ov )Ca~Kv0fo Xp ovo. 5 oTav, (' Lucrl-aL, T17ruKaVr E/Y KcKoq -Lqi 8p-o aov etl?) 7raVO ocr a'v OrqXo6 eoE09. IEPET2. aXX' E? KaXbov a-v T' ras o'oE T apT'' KpEIOVTa 7rpo0aUTeLXovPTa rxIaivoovaL IO&. OIAIIHOT. dvaW "A'roXXov, el ryap cv xrvx 7m Tw 80 rCeoIp6 /i3a7) Xalt7rpoq or7rep opLqa67. IEPET2. a' eucacraat uev, 8v' ov fyap av Kcapa 7roXvcTCeO7 5c' eJp7re 7raryKcaap 7rov 8avw. OIAIIIOTZ. eTax elaurofeCO tVC ETe7pO yap' 0c KXveUv. ava:, elkov IC 8ev/Ca, vrat MeroKce')o, 85 TLV e77/iAV 7CIESt TOV IE!0 I7/jt OEpwv; OIAIHOY2 TYPANNO2. 7 KPEf2N. aeyOXiv Xc'yep yao p Kca& Ta 8 bop, eb 7TvXoL [Introit. KcaT' opAov eCetXovTa, TpL' X ev' e,' v. OIAIIHOT. E(O1V 8\& foZoV TVowroVs; OTe TE ap paov OVT" o0v WrpoMeo'aa eti]t Tr7?e ViV XO7W. 90 KPEQN. eb TWV86 XPh'E( iT?1ctaovTv KXUEW, e7oqtJo eTretw, e7e Kai oTeetXEV c E-o. OIATIIIO2. 7e lrraV7a9 ava. c'TWPve 7yatp 7rXe0o 0epwo TO WEVmO Ka) Tq qcEa&79 *VX% Ept. KPESN. Xe'yotlt av oi yl ovo-a ov OE ru 7rcpa,. 95 iaazQba %Xcpas) co TE9Opap#5Evol xOoV ev'9T,8 eXavveLv, pqvs avr-qcevTov Tpe'bev. OIAIHIOTY. 7T1(o KacapFLfJ; s o Tpoiro'729 Tr v acop&q; KPEQN. av;p~TXa'rovv~'a, y po"v 0pvov'7Taxtv 100 Xvop'oras, co Toc aCpa, XEtqtagov 7AM0Xa, OIAIHOTM..'rotov ryap avojpo; Tf'V; izVVe TvUXqV; 8 2OOKAEOYB KPEQN. XqV tjvUN cva4, Aa ik 7roO' r eyEciV yT T?)03e, 7TptV 0E 7TfV8J a7TEVUVVEtV 7TOXLV.,, vtsw,, o ae,,, a 6e018 aKOrvWZ 0ov ryap eLfELO8J eye 7rCo. 105 KPEQ2N. TovTrov Gayvo ro9 vvv EflTMTeXXCI caefATOWV awTvroewTaq Xe9 t TCLWpEtP Ttva,. OIATIIOTTE. o: o3' e6o6'oi y;'O'c8 E~pEO7Jf-Ea at o''8 C' v lraXataa 9 vTe-uapTov atTia,; xy016' ~o~ Tap e3UeTE o v /a proa. lo5 KPE2iN. tE 7T8 eofaKE Ey. 70 se qT0V/ev0ov 110 aX(oTOv, aEKawEV7rL 86 Ta:f/EXaova.EaOV. KPEfQN. OEwpo9, (0 a0CEI, EKf8lpwV, 7raXtv aBw'ov, e; eytaalev, fic ae ovpeov 7rpo09 OLKOV OVICOEG /cEO 0)9 af7A7g. n5 OIAIIIlOT. o~v' ay'yeXo 7L9 Ove o-vIJ7rpaKTp oov KcaTevB, ov'tl fcCcl.aOJv e'XploaTr av; OIAIIIHOY TYPANNO2. 9 KPEQN. Ol/77cKOuy i'yap, o7rXv E'Ts Tt, O' 0pao' cv (0' e606 7TM)v ev 0ov80E 6EXX 610(; ppacrat. OIAIIIOTT. 70'rotov; ev 7yap 7roXX ae evpo0L tzaueBc, 120 apXlv 3paXciav et Xa/loLELcv'X r' o'. KPEQN. *XOTa'; efaO"Ke UvvTvXovraS' ov 0 a pc: c-rTaveZ vi,, a aXX a UUv'rX'eOt X6ep",. OIAIIIOTT. Irco' OVV O etij71', E Tt U7i tvv apryvp(o ~crpaoroeT evOeve, E o3 7- T7oX/4r e/3,'; 125 KPEON. SoicoivvTa Tair,v. aialov 8' oXwoXToIo ovue apco7o' E: KcaKoZb e7ryyveTo. OIAIHIOTZ. KcaKov 8e 7roo0v Ce/ro8tov Tvpavvi'ov oVTo r0Vreo'ovv).e6bp76y TroVT Eeeevat; KPEQSN. 0 7rouI 80 X 0 t T0 l'rp7 O 0rot pKo07'rEV 130 PCJeOEVTaq pLa~L Tcqbavl 7rpoho'l7ye0T. OIAIIIOTZ. aX': vi7rapXrnq avO VT alT (e CO. eCrato;C ryap ~PoZ/3o;, ao%6';'8\ v TSOS- TOavo'a o'oP T07V'3 7 OcoO E 7rt0-Tp0ojbV 10 MObOKAEOY2 7y/ T?7"E Tt/LcPOvVTa,7COC) 0 a a. \,,,. v7rp e p T Vap oVx T v aOTepaO oV, avC av'os avTrovO O, Ta rO7KEoc'' VfOOe 0. OoTtL Tayap EEv eLCEWvov 0 KIc TaO) aX av icKL acv aTOaVTp XeLP& rlplpEv OeXot. 140 leeyT vrpoa0apiKv obv etavrTov woexw. (ai7 o ToXa WM 7vra, &3, va6e Le vS LeV /3aOpz' W'oTac Oe, Tov8' apavre9 tKTrctpa9 KcXaov% CtXXoq &E Ka'Stov Xaov'8 adOpoLtro, 9 qrav d e/ov opaoo'ooVTO. 177 ap EVTVXeI/ 145 c rv tO 7Etcc pavovLeL 9, 7 7ErM7rTOKOTESO. [Exeunt (EDIPUS et CREON. IEPET.Z c 7rawoev, 1tz0iu-ecra. T'revoe Tap Xaptv.ica> seip",3,rt/ev cwv gS' eayeXXkeraT'. ot/3os 8'o 7 vrealfa9 7TadSe /Uarr'e'a atICa O)T7.p 0 LroLTO; ca& voo'ov wravo'rwptoo. 150 [Exeunt supplices. XOPO2. crp. ci.' Zltos 8Ve7T'E (qaTi, T 7T19 TOTe Ta' 7rOXVXPvO'ov [Introit. H7vO&vos a'yXaa' q'3a9 9'3as; JKTceTaaL, 0of/oa3c bpeia C SLe6uaTt7-raXLX cov 7'e-tddxe. rHat-v, a.ufb o-ot Jco;evo,, T- o- V OV 71 rrEPXtoevats copats qraXLv 155 ebavvoev Xpew'o'. 6e7re 6oP, Gt XpVaEGa s'.CPOV )EXrt8os, a4OpoTre qa'1*a. OIAIIIOY~ TYPANNO2. i CVT. a. 7rpcoa ro6e Keicxozevos, OoacTEp ZLd4O, alt3pot'arOava, yatao-xov 7T" aC8eAeav 160 "AprepLv, a VKcXOevT' ay/ a Opovow- EvXcxeta- Oao'o'et, KCatb 4Po/3ov EcKa30oXov,', 7pLO'Ol a ietMopot?rpooavlrE LLOt, St wOTE Kab6 wpOTepaS? Taq v7rep opvvULLVag 7rdoXel va otOv pxdya jptrO X~e'e icat vUv. 165.T-p. p'. 7ryara vooec- e!to.n-po7ra9 -TOJos' ov3 Ezv cpovri0s yXo 170 ytoWV KagaTovo aveva 7,ov o-u"aE aOV e aNV aC 7rpotO,'a'rep-evrTepov-opnv 175, 9 x e! acrlav w7po.. curvepov -Ocov eov- -jroM avap o g.~L~v7,a&''"vr. pa. tWe woTsLS cwapwB/os, ooXhvraL. v7xc'a 8e ryeveOXa\ -7rpog 7re&F 180 Oavcsraoopa- KCetTaL avoafortK7 ev' aXoxot wroXat r''7 raTepec aKav w'rapa, foopov.- aXXoOev -'XXat 18 XVepWav WOVyOV KTpEpe eVF c-revaXoVvct.?ratazJ Xdta oe6 -ovoE oa'oe(, fpvq o'pavxoq OV V7repj O, XpvOe'a Ova7rep log,. Evucora, a reuf0ou.- a~.caop 12 2ODOKAEOY~ 0-1rp. y', "Apead T Tov 1CtXepov, os IvvP %aaCLXxICO- a'Trlcowv 190 fXe 7Et 4e 7rEpt/o3aTao9- aVTt(slov, 7raXtccv ov 8patpza vCorioat vraTr7paq avrovpov, eLT es p e'ya OXaauov Ap, trptTas, 195 e6 6& Top avro'cvo opotpov., 0pIVao v Y XcvSava'',, c. o V,'C', 9 eXet yap tb YV a y, toUT c7r ypap ePXeraCL' 9 ^ I o, c) Tay 7TvprU opawv oTrfpa7rav IcpayTq vfuPov, 200 - ZGev'rraTep, vTro- cO iov iepavm. &v1.. y'. To-p~ Xpvaolkt~pV Tc KtcKXfl7oKO UT 81 E7TCOvv/LOP pya9, 210 &tv&jwra Ba'Xov- EoIOv, Mcva'&)v cwO/O`TOXOV reXaKOjvat vaXE ovr -'r yXara Xpuotpow aXov cX*ov s&XCoOa& T' v' W 0 vr77pE7-P, aXKpl' Xa/3ovs'v IcP avaKcovcLet atv KalcVD afry ea V V TOi Xnou roVO' ep, -: o09 e6 701o r-PaXyEleroq. 01 yap Cv Izaicpav 220 f/,,., ovva aorp 7r, ovIIO cra tlov TOP' arovv tXp\v'8'rpoc fx'v 0'' Ka"pco9 au/ooS'to per& e't o v yoP Atao'3'd o2 OIAIIIOY2 TYPANNOM. 13 aoCaT0L8e avpov'cI TwVOV 8tWXeTo, 225 /, * * * TOUVTOV tKeXeVO 7ravra'/caalatvetv e/io0t Icet IeV tOrbo aa, TOVWCX9JLLb VTMErECXjv avroS ica' auaVTOv. 7rele7Tat, 7yap aXXo,v e' av r' c aXXov od3ev a dXXc x0Lob 230 Tov avToxetpa, /?r) Ltcora7ToW TO ryap d' ~019 TA'' Cy' rc~po~ 7eXco )'y;~.X Xc apLt 7rpoGc-Kae6Tat. et,8 (7wr0~r]0-cG, Ka Ttq O tXOV Seoaq a 7ro'e-t, Tov7roq XavTov,78 a tc 7T)ve 8paroT,'faVTa XPq Kc'v'etb eFou. 235 Tov aop' a7ravo, ToV0Tov,o 0fTt TL, ry T7acr3', Eryo /cPaTfl rE Iat OpoPOv9 v't/o, /,qT' cTaex ab,/t 7e qTrpoo0o0vev Tlvaa, 77' 7 ev Oe&pv evxatwl /77Te Ov'laoclt COUJOV'7rocefdOat, /Jrip-e Xdpv./3v e/leLv. 240 Cetev 3 a7r o,)cov 7ra'v7a9, C9? /LtarCLaTo9 ~TOV3't61 OVTOS Gt) 7o IIvHOLV OcOl FavTetov rE+E`17VEV apTt.l. ECllt. e7C0 /Le OVV Gy 060(JPc& TYT( Te 8a/p0ovt T7) T avpit T'j OadavovT Crvja%o aX TETXr(c 245 KcaTevxouat 8\ T'o 8e3paKOT el'T T"; et9 mv Xexq7O ev ETe qrXE0tovoV /xeTa, Kaicov tKaKwed vtv acopov eKTptaat, pov. e7rvxouac 8', o cKOO'ClV Et:VPEOrTt o ev T0 v e/oL0L9 fyeVtT' e/0o V vveL0OTO, 250 -raevs aW7Trep To0Wo' afpTlFr 7ipacrap4fv. vpA \E Tav Taa 7ravT E7rtGc7v7rT7G) Te'XezV, 14 -2O~OKAEOY2 E,,, T T' v7rep r EpaVTOv, ToV OeoV Te, Tv7doe Te ryTq co atcapvros,caOcEw cAapr 4v77. ovu eb 7ap 70 vo 7rpct7ya rn OfelXaTov, 255 aKalapTov vtlCta ELKOCO 77 ovT7oS eaE, avupoS 7y aplo-TOV 3actXE'o) T oXwX@ToT, 5 I 3 P 11 N Aa X1 i 3, a;XX' epevvav P vv( 6 7reb Kvp&o 7' E.y. EXV 4e1Vl apaqS as eKcetvoS eLXe 7rpsv, exOP 8e BXeIcTpa Kab yvvatX opoCTOpOv, 260 Kcot&V Te Tralto v'oiV a", 6 /t'UO k'~'8vcrTv'Xqocvr,'V av, E C7EELvCO'a e,7, \ e vvv elS To0 Kebvov Kcpa' evr'- XaO 7 TvX aO cov eryo 0Ta8', o r'epeb TOV/tov TraTpo% vrwepuaXovtab Kacm7r v7ravT abcpotat,. 265'7'ToV 0' T7O avToXEtpa TOo Odvov Xap,8ev TAa 38aLE'rra8a Ho oXv8&pov TE Kaa'o0'rpoerOe KaSc83ov 7o 7rcaXab v''Ayivopo' Kab! 7Ta Ta TOt9 /17 —p"OYLV VUXO/L at, OU eo L7T ap.oov. aVTO' ry7/ apvEvaL TIva 270 v77" o,yvvatlcGoI 7rata9, (XXa Tco 7ror'co S VyV' cEOepE' OaL KaTL TOV70 EXbOPL' V/oe u6( TvOS; aXXoto't Ka(8teliov, oolto, Ta$'' ov', q' TE u"a"'Ao T 0a T apEo,ao XO 7TavTeS E6V tlvebev efaea 06eo. 275 XOPOT. coo7rrep, apa6o v epWXae, c) avato epco. OVT eKTavoOV yap ovTe ToV ICxavovr eXo Metlb. jTO &e 77T7/Ia TOV rEWpaVToV 9V!oliov T0o3 ELreWVV OYT7' e6pya'-Tat rroTre. OIAIIIOY2 TYPANNO2. 15 OIAIIIOTI. 8Kat eXcEa aXX' ava7Kycalac OEovu 280 8' /T I T Eo', ors" 8ca * * e66 Ica& Tptr e6oTt6 vj rapw tp s To ov cppacra. aVctfC avarCTt Tav O pavrT C7fTap'a LAXWcrTa Pol/3p Tetpeavtav, 7rap ov Ts 28av oTKo7rav Td83, dowad, eK/LccOz a0e'aaTa. OIAIHOTZ. axX OVK El ap7yo0 oVP TOaT erTpa7a/f77v. e7rqek~a ryap KpE'oVToS EI7rozVTOs'&7rXOvs no/V7O7roV 7rcXab 8e [7) 7rapa'v Oavpc'ETat. OIAIfOTI. Ta r TaTa; 7rap'a Yap oKO7rW Xo'7ov. XOPO2. Oavecv EX6x'q' TrpO Z TJal.M OAOoTOp' W. OIAIIIOTY. qIcovaa cfy&* TOP 3' 38oVT ovio5 ropao. 16 MOSIOKLAEOY~ XOPOx. aXX' 3EL rtL LEV 8' 8elucLaTojv eXEL /elpo9, T'rag o a a:ovaw ov,teVe re Toacaao' apas. 295 OIAIIIOT2. / P CT.t WPlolT T(Lap/30, OV8 6E7T0o 04EL. XOPOZ. aX' ovt5eXe'yXoov avrov e-rrLv' otOe eyap T7o OeYov Y' aaCVTLV Y7L O' aTovo'w, C.7d'X)OE E/'eTEdvKEv av Optotv /Aov,'. OIAIHOTZ.'o ravr a yCdO/Uv Tetpe'ya, 8SaeCrda Te 300 appTra 7', povpalvta re Kat X0ovoo''l,, [Introit TIRESIAS. 7rOXlV /l'kU, EL Kca fq /3XWEL,7 ct fbpoveL9 83 o,/Lw!i / / \ / oLa voco a'VVEoCT7' U o' JE 7vrpooTaTflv CoCrOTpa Ir, dWat, Aovvov E'vEUpt'c'KOfV..opo30 ta(p, El Kaa?7 ICKXEL6,'-o) a7yeXtov, 305 7e/dAfao-LV 7luutv advTrCE7E,#v, EKXVO-tV p,ovv av etXOev TOv,8E ToO voo-ai o0, cE TiOV? cTavov-aq Aca'ov L0aOOVTreV eV'''''I IcTeLvaL/evL, i7 7?7y9 pvy/aoac EKc7rcEqataEca. cr 09V 0j0Oov7o-aq ) a7 oowVCoV faTLV 310 EL LV) aXXq?7I EaPVK'7 EL "'E? (v; pvCrat oeavwTov icat 7ToXLv, pv-aL 6' ~6 pvc-air \ ay 7rv taca 7o v T.eOvrfcoTo0. ev o-ot (yap Ec/aev' avbpa 8' oEEpeXe~v La v eXOL Te icat 8vvaaro caXLctT0-o 7rOVCyo. 315 OIAI1OYS TYPANN-O. 17 TEIPE2IA2,. JEv bEcV, bpovEtv (o 8ELVOV ev cta V7 7Te'X;Xvfl /povovvrt. TaVTa yap KcaXCE' cey etcov ) oXe a o"v tap av VePp LCOiqV. OIAIOTM. eo 60'T; (O aOv[ovL eo'6erXvOaa. TEIPEEIAZ. a fc pEl 0I/OVC0V p(oaTa ryap TO cO-O TC OV 320 Kdycl) E0lva0 T?0V/JTO fl ft0 rt/A. OTAIIIOTM. t PO 6Lf,, 9 O,, OUT EVI/JO CL 01r)F O6Ve 7rpo0BX?7 UrCX'JtOe ~'o, ~ d ~ ~ e ~pe, 7nvi) arocYEpawv bart. TEIPEMIA2. (pr yap ovt uov T0 &w f 8 lvOn toy 7tpo0 icatpov w" oJv p1V8' e To tavrov'rCO) - 325 OIAIIIOT12.')avTev'6e WrpotrKvvo0OVV 0o6 ~ETt7ptot. TEIPEZIA.,ravrce yap ov pObVt,. Eyo' oV i TOTG Ta/u 09 aPF rE 7T' Tq Oa ao e, avo ACCC3t3a. OIAIIIOT. 1J Qb69; r ^vveLt&0 oV c7pct0-eLS, 6XX' EVvO6eL; 330!./aq 7qrpoOUvvatC Ka6 KaTraCfOetpat 7ro'xdw; 2 18 ZOOKAEOYB TEIPEZIAZ. C7Y( OVT epaloVTOP ou0e6 ( aX7yvv0o. T7 TaVT aXX69 xe`Xetxe; ov 7yap av 7r~voo 16ov.U OIAIHOTM. OVx:, C) KeatcWV aKctaK e, tca 7yap av 7Trepou OU-Vw oV y7 oprYCveba9, eepels,'roTe, 335 axX WL3 aTe, ryKT7oq KaTceXevT7To9 cPaves; TEIPE2IA2. opyrv cweqO Tufl E/L/7Vg 7'V (' 7 Opou vraovorav oV KaT7mEdS, aXX' ele Ne7Ev. OIAIllOT2. Tt7 rap TopaVT ay ovc ay otp7to oyl e 6rT,cxtov, a rv o'v a) 7vl arTl' s 7rOXtv; 340 TEIPE~TIA2. m f \ A /:et, yap aVra,,cav r/o 0' /,?'nC OIAIIHOT. ovKovv a y?tEb ca& a Xp72 k7'eL,eepot. TEIPEXIAI. Owue av ne-pa Opaampt. Wpo09 TaS, Ce OUeX1e4% tuv/LO2 36 Op7r/y 77Tr l aY7pwt7Ta71. OIAIHIIOT. Kcab IFpv'raptfle 7 or8 o, P7 Op7qS eXo 34M avrep:vvUl7,. " 6 yap'OKIv CEOb cab tV/I(V7eVo-ab TovpJ7OV, ebpTao'Oat, 0 o -L67 XeP(t atKVCwV eb 83 eTvyXaves pXerrv, *a\ "O I N, ) T 1 Kao TOVp7ov av oov ToV0'o0qv elvC povov. OImAInOY~ TYPANNO2. 19 TEIPEMIA2. UX1l061 e;CVEr(. Kxpv CTt 350 a, ~1n3V L:)~ ~VV )! ~, o'rep wpoefras EJLEEcvEw, /cKaob &pa' T7 PvP r'pooaav&v?TE ~'tovo'e NT"'C)?os Tuvs crY'' avoo'/ E/La'Eop,. (A9 OV1,76 7 7T97CY 0 avob(7) ptacrT7Op6. OIAIHOTM. OVTro9 aval8,? e:Klv9tcaa TO8E T0 pria; Ica6?TOUVTOrT 0/64eo0Oat 3oKEs; 3i5 TEIPEZIAY. 7euvra Ta XqOe9 rya'p 6ovov rpebow. OIAIHOTM.'rpOs TO) & 8aXOclq; o' ryap r ye 7,6 TE U. TEIPEMIAM. rpo aovo 0av 7ycip; acov7a 7TrpO rpElfO XEyeV. IrOtov Xoeyov; Xey avotg, cg )aXXov a8Ow. TEIPEZIAM. ovXt ~vvys a 7rpo(o-E V 97relpa xO/e; 360 OIAIHOTZ. OvJ (007 r6 E7TEVr1yva0oOV aXX avi097 bpaoop. TEIPE2IA2. coveoa oe k rTac8po9 ov'fIqTC&E 1cvpe'tv. OIAIIIOTT. aXX OV' Tb Xacov &s 7e6 7T7/6ovag epaq. 20 O~bOKAEOY2 TEIPEZIAM. ErO T6t 3ora KcaXx, v' op7tr, 7rxEov; OIAIROTI. olOV eye XPVp' e WS;s,iav'v EtpCafETra&. 365 TEIPE2IA2. XexqeO'vac (E'Prut aovv 70-ro Sbq tXTca'Tot aooXt' o 6ktovv'r, ov) opav JL El KicaOV. OIAIIIOYM.. 7 Eat 7Ey7'qCJsO TavT aeb XE`etv 8o0cePL; TEIPEMIAi. elv7rep 7 1 eLy 6 rs7 aa flOetas o0cvoq. OIAIIIOT~. 3',,, I,,,, a X CE 5 771v 0o''rov 6 TOVT OVIc 7T, errTE 370 TvO0o0 Taa T7 ora 70Or TE OUrV Ta T OLCIotar 6e. TEIPEZIA2. \ cs,,," s ^,,, \ av a' a Ulo' g 7e ravr OVeto tWV, a a06 ovoebl 0~ OVI TCO8 OxLbeta'&' T'axa. OIAIIIOT2. / )V e ep % 2 9e /Lua9 Tp~ecEL 7rpo' P1V)1709, CrWOe pUr'T 4ee a/T aXXov, o0o79 OwS /3aaq'bra T a' 35 TEIPEZIAM. ov ya ope lotpa rpo' 7 e/foV f re'e, eOr.e Lcavo'An7roXXcov, Ta3 ec4 vpaaa fz`e. OIAIIIOTZ. KpEJoVTOs, ) aov- TavTa TaEvp7rjIaTa; .snaodO da. v0o aX snao a.ovL'l/tnap 9gt1 Sm0danD (%X no?V7V?Od s&3Xog n([(VflX~, ooP vszyaxu s5?i3' otdO S1O0L an3o~,cg~ aaLlnd4 \ soneod0 wsm tod/n3, X./ox soidi3' av.ao -.9?XpD Woiln. o (OX gno N1 sL0dn1 (nrCIszz l ~' s o c s~ ~ t~ c,,' Cmu DvD-O('saOLQo SgQ 3 aq'd# ~ I i.19g, sv3yqLnaw vvXv lapmi37g sodgnr a o So no7lraoL?XAno AIalv h i0 10.LivX 6 t C \ C C A~ C i I! aodttiaxLRY31 4?qoOQ p?D 1L V 5?~ aq,'cRn. al mo8,n 5s~odAvd f 0o'Xno scoz,. 06S! 5ttDvo ig siJtol no( (19L',317o. dod3 C3.LL'~sov?nL Qa9of g aiJ,, aqxdog39 aoaol asoc.Igd Sio0L 1a3 sj.oo'zaad tdna aorXoq'aoOvddonaxX&rI qgd0?oo naLv'd.si0a CivjWLsd73qr1 a?.x7g3fX3 na3coogn 71 vd~p Q8o~ - i0x s/tXdv'qro ( sOL7z o WcIgdf s$Ln(v.L'Ilan oidq3X.o'anoLlt-Lq xno Snotdcg SroZ'7obO aI' X9ao sttXdn D hgC.L? 8 C \) C C ) C C u C 1 n7 9oDDrnoaSoq o o a dpP r dv Cd SODo'd(n ayQLnyol o Vsnocqd3.dgn ow ~ 51xn%3- tkn%~, 1t3~H qS ll~ldn~?'II# DS 3 tno JN'O L OIIIVIIO T' 515NNVdXIZ 3OLIIVIO 22; 2ObOKAEOYM XOPOZ. rnLp /J.Ev etLKca IoveL at a V o 677 er opry~z XeXEXOat KaL a', OIt7rov, OCKE' 405 86t S ov To OvTr0Ev, -X' oorwa 75T 7 rov, Oeo5 /avTet apt-cTa, XVUO~/eV, TOe oC07relbV. TEIPEZIAZ. eL eKa TvpavveLs, fcLaoT'eoV T7O 7ovv -(r aVTLXe-aL& TOV6e yap tKayo KparO. ov fa' T Ot o'o OUXo9, BXX\ Aota 410 Ct CT OV KpEOpTOv 7rpocTaTOV YEypaCopat. Xeryo 3', E7rEL&7t acaa TrvOXOV pv COJvclc8tas,, 8ea 8op/pKa9 Icoz / iX e'F' Le Ka.EoP, OUv evOa VaE, OU 07TWV OblCEf9 /zeTa, -ap OlcO aCj o w et; -Katl AEXO0a', cxpOP c'v 415 1/ 0 \ /'JOL9 0O~6ff awroU epuep ICa~r& 7r7 avo, a U a/LcLfrL7?7F,?7lTpOS' TE Kat TO?) (OU T4-d7pOq EX~ T~OT C 7av'ro v S' L' VO ~V apa,,iXE7rovTa VVv L.ev opO, e7rcTa 8\e COTrov. /o017 86 7 S? C?7S rotO' OVC EaCTat XLFt71V, 420 7rotol? KLOatLpCOV OVU%6 UV//UPOV Taxa, ~OLTaP K{aTa6UtSp 0W? ot L vE 8aLOv) o oltoL orav KcaTaELrEv, E V a ova;-W avopl.4ov ewae~rkeucaa, evUrkot'av TUXooV ) ~aXXCov 8\ 7rrXi7o oVe C'7raLoOaveL Icalcawv,.,, 9, /, a U cE6Wo0 6EL 0-0 a TE Ka L TOLW 0OLS'' TCVOLT.T 425 "rpo rTavTa Icab KpEovra IKab TovFov -'ro7a' 0rpo?7X)6E. Coo'v"aLp ovEc EoTLV pOT$V I ef e E tL I. catctov o0-Ttg EcTpl/t3,1oeTar grOTe. oIAInorY TYPANNOS. 23 OIAIIIOT2. TavTa 8 ave/eTa 7rpoS TovTOV KXVeZeV; OUKV, ct OXepov; orvx Oo-r'ov; ov 7raxtv 430 g4oppo09 OQ&CwV TiJ a7"roqTpa6' a7'7b; TEIPEMIA2. Ov Ocl wCOV c7ty7 av, t V y p7 KacXeie. OIAIIIOYT. ov 7yap &' f pa "'''TE, cr cr"oxv af av 0 o&ovS TOV3 6t0Vou Co-Teat z. TEIPEIA. I&Aopol, yOV O1 al ECcvav, qk povcE.OIAIIIOT2. wototac; /eioVo. T71 / C b /8po'rcOTv; TEIPEMIAE. "5)'' uepa'b v/ct e caI 8taO epet. OIAIIIOT2. ) WrT'avYT a, aicra, aacy, e. TEIPEZIAM. ov1/COv, o v TaVT ap'ptcO e7p' ECVPt7C EV9. 440 OIAIITOT~. To0aVT OVLeLo, 0( oS i eVp?jyel7 /peyav. TEIPEZIAM. avTrf 7e( t1ewoT a I V UXrl )8 oJet'cV. 24 ODOKAEOYS OIAIIIOTM. aXX' cE 7r XLV T7?1q CecE7o', ov potL p/EX~E. TEIPEZIA2. a7retp TOlYVV irat ov, Tra, icopLtE Le. OIAIlOT2. KO"T& 9,,'. -D 7 o8 445 bXXcv6 aO~c's T7 av ovKc av aXyvvatl 7rxTeOV. TEIPEUIAM. Get,'rr rrp~ov r~rov ~ o; ~)~P8)'rrov ~ud et7rcv a7Tel v ovvecV?Xov, Ov TO ov foeoa' vrpofc'rwov' ov ryap cv' o7rov U oXevq. XCyM O8 C0oo, TOV avvpa TOVTOPV Oov TrXa r7TeCS a7reTEcXv Y avaKcpV'ccTo)v 0fovov 450 zTov Aalctov, oVTO CrTtV ~pOae,8 evos? X7y' ETOlO Ta EE:avrjo'ei'atE E/a3oq, ov'8'?7-jor8Tat T ~vwZop, TVcOFXo9 yap EK & e6opKOTO Iat 7rTrwXO? aVT7 TrXOVCTOlv vEiV 6'T- 455 _uC?7pPO 7rpooeuclV\? ryatav c7ropevSoerat. ObaV7jlETat, &e 7ratr To'S a'vTov? ~VvroY da&e'xo, avTo9 (cat?raTiap, Kca 97 e'v If I op'' -,,v',? a/,v T fyvvoatAcoD VWs xca& )To', icat'To,tarpo9 ouocrAro po9 76 icat qov&E. ca&'ravr' " ow 460 66cO XOrytV' KaV XaCL/37 E*4 EVOV, dbcbcewv ep 97a uaVTtK?/ bLv7&v qpovev. [Exeunt. XOPO~. aTp. a.'ANo 9 e! T7t OVT7Lv a pserOL -7reo t taJXqxS ctr eT-E~pa apLp7T applTCOV TXECv7aPTa, pootmatat Xcpiz; 465 OIAlIOY~ TYPANNO2. 25 wpa vtl cZXav cov Lr7rTTOwv OevapOTepov Ovry?ro3a vcopauv. evo0rXos ryap e-rW avTov E!evVUp(o7CeC'rvpt Kat oTepovraq o A to, 7reveTa9' 470 etzva'a a' E' erovTatL Kqrpeg ava7rXda'C7ro. CLVT. &`Xapt*re-rcyap yrov Lp0E'T70 apTU9 Oaveo6Ca pa4pa IlapvaG'ao Tov a38lXov avSpa 7rav'T 1xvEXUbV. 475 borc rap 5v7;r aYptaV vXav ava T aprTpa. Kai wreTpaos' Travpo9, /AEXE'o7 /h'EXp r XvnP-O CO ~a 7 eo'op4aXa fyac, a"rovoorT'Sbov 480 /.zaVT'ea Ta a''c jvrTa 7repp7rTOCTat,. a-p. 3'. e86va\!uev oUv, eEtvt rapawGEa a-ofboc o&voOeTag OUT6 &KOVVT OV-T a7To0aO'XOVO ~ 7* Xedo 3 a7ropo. 485 * I 31 2 W r X ) eO e o ~' )'. WETopat 8 elxrtatV OvT c a8 op@V OVT 076bft..r,-rotaL o' eXrTo'LV ol;' ~v'''' ow r1 ryap y) Aa/%8atc:[8at TC;o HloX/,3ov eKO3 eKec6T ovLTEe a otOcEV 7troT e7yo7 OVwTe ravLvv 7or) 490 &aOov,?rpoS oT-ov Xpnpapevog 8rJ /3a8aca f'rt- Tav ft'ap'oP barTI 4V.' O'&Waroa Aa/aKcia e7rtovpo' aaXv" Oav.aTO7l. l 495 vrf. \' aXX' o pe ozvv Zevs o' r"A7r' Xcov tvvoEo oCa6 Ta'- fipoTGv 26 MOMOKAEOYT 8 TE'o avpv 7P 07, /CvTt9'TXEoV N ky7 7 0cpemac, 500.....,,,, a oVrovr ey7oy acw, orppvov E"7oOS, Mq6Uotev~,wv av KaTac atv., 505 Oavepa yap e7r av7-co vr7TTepoO' 1XOe c'pa \,\ o l. 7ZOQTE, Kat a0 oro-o osp0ey paoavc 0' a8rUTOrXtL Tco a7r caqLasq pevoq o06wo 34X7roeL Kcaktba p., 510 KPEQN. avope9 7rOXTTat, eiV E"T`17 7rTTrvo'aEVO [Introit. KcaT7yopel,puov TOv Tvpavvov OCiltrovv racpetLt arX7rl7Tv. el yatp ev,acs %viopag 5x15 7atC vvp,olk0,/t'e, 7rTpo 7 eaLOv, 7rerovpeVat XOdtOfWL eELT Cfp71OL( V e L fik/3,8V OfepoV,. ovro /3iLov o Tov 1 aKpaitovo 7'0ooG'O, oe'pOVT7 T'8e /arv. ov 0 ap EL adrXo3v q/ta od &t TOO XO7OV TOVTOPV fEpEt, 520 axx' E9 uLEryCTOV, Et KaKcog Erv elv 7rTOXl,!~e \ t oo..ca b / Kcatog 8e 7rrpos rou'!ca;l 0oX celtCXao'oal. XOPO97. acX W0e 1v 87' TOVTO TOVVEC809 Tar'X av. opr/p I3tacWez p XoJ ij ryvflb cppEvKPEoN. KPEf2N. Tov wrpoq 8' eoac1bO7V ras epa 7vyctpatg on 525 6Q0E a0 T9 9L r 7 vov' Xoryovs? Nrevoev XE7o0; XOPO2. fv8tTo /ILEV Ta3o, o"ta ov 0yo TI7 t. 97v a 18a OU, rlVWP',q TIM.. OIAIIIOY TYPANNO. 27 KPEON. c HU1aMowv 83 opOl&0? re fc(X o'pO8n' 4pevoicaTn70opEt ToV70vTiCXfl a 70TVTo pov; XOPOM. OVK ola a' & actp po/ ot IcpaToV^7eU ovX opio. 530 avTo' 3&' p''y & Vo co 7repa. OIAIHOTI. OVT0o cTV, 7rT( bp?\X0E9; T 7oov eXeol [Introit. TOX/A/(? 17TO C.T6 TaP? E/aL Y7T7LV( KoVps brrpoVwrrov wo~7e Ta ela e/as k(ya; 6fC0ov, fOQE1C CV TOV'8 6 TavsPos'118 av Xy'77nS 7) Evap7y279 7T')s Er/L7 7rvpavvt3o0; 535 0Ep epre 7lrpo E Oew0, aietlavi 7) pwpiav Tl1) e/l)X )LO TauT E/3ovXevaco 7rotcwv; — 7 TOVpf70v Ol Sw OV erVpTlcOLlu COV 7oe6 X ed 7rpOfceprrolv) KOVIC aXEt/ 7v,ljaOyv;,IX(O 7\pOO' 7,. V,,,, ap OV%6,pp pOV e'Tl ToV7YXetPfl/za cov, 540 avev TV 7'rXBOov ieca2 4/Xowv Tvpavv[ta Oflpawv, o 7rXO1eL Xpparv 0''aX'C 7at; KPE2N. OL6o-O 6e 7Trotlo'OV; aVTt Tc7V etpnpevov ato aVwtCOVOVO Ka7a l:ptV avTo pa Co L. OIAIIIOTg2. XE7etbV o-V\ 8ebvO'? uav~avoetv 8' 6'7(aee K'aKo? 54 (*f,,ev C-OD' vqrevij ryap Kat capvv eVpKEI ot. KPE~N. TOVT aVTO VVVrI Lo.- 7rpWT aCovoov w epw. 28 2OOKAEOYS OIAIHOTI. TOVT avTo /17 /-LOt, Opa c, o'7rw'o ovKx e6 Karoco. KPEONo e6 Trot rOpLtq ide r K'aa'rqv aviOa3yav ewat, TOV POV XOpPi OUcK OfplU9 povet~. r&5o OIAIHIOTI. et T0.VO. toeL avSpa ovr77evr Kca&'oG 6p() O'VX;V, 6V Tr> 3tiqv, Oi5K fpoev fOVE. KPEQN. IVra lp(t o-o rarv 61Ju) Ecp93boa T0 &a r-Oypo 0roor. ov csn 7'ra etv &B[aov',C e. OIAIIIOT2. CCLOCIes, 7' OVK: Oerecte9, (0 pe9 X/ /Jk E7r&'rov creJvopavPTw avpa'rn4aaOal'Trva; KPEgON. Ks e U!o ca& ZJVIJ 0 avu-og EtU To /ovXuE/vpart. OIAIIIOT2.'ro'OV WIs' 2? 6)0' 0 Ac' povoKPEQN. &WpaKe 7ro'tov epyov; ov eyap evvoOo. OIAIIIOTM. acavro? Ep pet Oavaouep XfepwP/aT' 560 KPE2N. Epatpo t 7raXa, To a v LErpq70eEEv Xp'voIb OIAIIIOYS TYPANNO2. 29 OITAIIIOTC.,, 9 f, d' 9'9, TOT ovV o 0 aV7L OVT0?OV 6V TE? TEXYP, KPEnN. o'oo9 7 0L01 Ka4 t crOV Tt'rCeVo09. OIAIIIOYE. e,vpr7aT OVIJ ~/OV T TO T{OT'Ev'pOU KPEfN. OVICOVV Eu OV 7 ET 6'To oV8at ov 7teXas. 565 OAOIIIOYT. axx ovic Eppevvav Tov Oavo'ro9 ecr-eTIe; KPE2N. 7rapEoXoL oev, 7r ov O%; f OV''ycova'ev. OIATIIOTT.,,9 o,v\',,O,t Z709 OVVr To O ovro0 0 0 o os c ov~ oW fvOa Taoe; XKPEf2N. OV oo V *o'; oE 7yap of bpoveo actpaw otXa. OIAIHOT2. oivVec', eK Fur 0a VV7i^XO, 7Ta qpal. oVfG av iroT et7re Aaiov 8taoOopa'b. 30 lOIbOKAEOY2 KPEQN. Ic [LEV X7Et TdO', av' o' o Io'i' *; o ov aC0ev &KIcato TavO2 cLa7rep KaLovU o- vvv. 575 OIATIIOT2I eK/av Oa* ou3 rya4p 8q Oovevs AXco-opac. KPEQ2N.'Tr JT a'; 7aCL eX'dv T7iv Ev er 7?,aW' exctL; OIAIIIOTM. apvlsT ov01 KeLECrTtIV oV alt'-T70pEL. IPEON. ap~XELs 6 ~eKetlvp vavTa tecrov fVE/V; OIAIIIOTI. Ev UEa ryva-p 87 -r Kar, Cov aloL IEatL. 580 KPEQN. KPE&'N. OfG, EL eLtO 7 yco eeyo, o'avTrco Xoyov. CfeJac 0E TOUVTO 7TpOTOV, cL TLV alv 3o0iELI apXElV 9EXE(aOL %vv /oCl X yXVoY o 587 3f ef 1za, efeft, aTpec-rov T, et Ta y avO EeOO pqTf. e E0o PEv ovv QVT aVTO? 1Lep(oV Ev, OIAIrIOY2 TYPANNO2. 31 TvpavvoE cLvat /LuaXXoPv q rvpavva 8paw, orT aAXo0 o0T7V o-o opoveEV E7rtLaTTaL. 7)vv 1EV y ap EcK (YO WratT CvWEv ao/3ov bp, 5 0 eb 8 av5o ]pXov, 7 aoXXa, xa aacor CpCoV. 7Tr(' 87T E[LOo Tvpavvq 1?wowv eXetv i apbx] aXv7;rov caKb tuvao-rela' uv; OV77T TOOOV7TO y71raT71LcEvo0 KvpU) TO 7ap 7TaUX avTon'7T, L e7T-avO'vt." 3a,3r.r KEE? P )d;V Xa/oq' acbd9 Ta8E vvv osvo)M CooeM ppvres aarovvb H 0oIC av 7( Po' 0 vovS KaKO KaX pov. 600 axx OUT E/aJ'),E 7,) (YV8 TU, rO/j4 ovT av /LerT aXXov oprVTo0 aV TXalvV Toe7. Kcalb TO ex, E7%OV OVo7070 tLE7 HV,0)8' "6 VrEvOUV Ta XPqoOEUT, Eb oEcf6 caE('' 77' b 0 TOVT TXX', C T o TEa a 605 KOL TL/j 3 7 vX povOevo-aV7a, ur7,u aX7rX, CTav2)7 4trOU, a 7rXap 6', T E/1a7 Ka po Xa/3cv. 7fyv)txL / a L7, p7(e Xwplt abzT7. 02) ryap A\ \ \ XP)7o0Vo UOflt7 CUTE 7'o)9 xp?}("TOV? EK:oKv. 610 Iap\ov 7yap.V(O c03aXVv X6(70 7) a5 E XPO0 ryvwc0YL Ta(3 acTa coSX eqre\6 XPOUVO u pcaou avpa'6tV'Ea tv AO97vo, pOVO 8t\ KCao, ep, t 0 A fKacov \ fav 271.epa y7vob3 i ta. 615 32 2OOK/AEOY2 XOPO2:. /caXwO EX4EeV evXaov'uevo) q7eioTv, a'va' OpoVe'V 7yap ot TraxeLC oVfc aca'eaXeJ. OIAIIIOT2. Trav,Taxv9'tl ovrt/3lovXevEv XcaOpa X0op,, Taxv e KaE pIovXveev e ra'E \'v. XCOPI,,,/ t apE 6' 8 vxa'cov 7powGurcvw Ta TOV8ES e/v 620 7reorpat/y EV EaCTat, TatLa o n/tapT7/zleva. KPEf2N. I;rb'8a p en; yq'oe yqq /3aaexov;t OIAIIIHOT. ~I'TcUaa'Ow}'aKELV, OV oUryEJv ccE 3ouXoUpat. KPEQN. oTav 7rpo8etl S o Eov T& Tb 00Vpe6V. OIAIIIOTg. Ce ovX V7Tt' EOV ov3e rT\ fTEV-aw XhE7EL9; 625 EPEQN. O6 fyap JpovouvTa' e /3Xe7ro. OIAIHOT2. TO 7ovv eOv. KPEQN. OIAIIIOTY. adht e0u; Ecatcos. OIAIIIOYS TYPANNOM. 33 KPEON. OIAIHOYT. apicrcov el o/7O'. KPEQN. ovTo ftcatcw 7y aPXoVr'O. OIAIIIHOT2. col rTr06'TOX6S. KPE2N. eICalol 7roXecoS ieTe'LV, ovX o0o uovp.. 630 XOPO0. ravcao-aO', avatacre~ icaLplav 8' ~Ikv Op^ 7T7),C1 803LWV 0-T(EXOVr aV )eo' IoIcOCTrlv,.EeO' 2 To vvz 7rapE0o' V6EKOq Ev Oc'Oa Xpeov. IOKAIT H. Ti 7Tlvj a/ovXov, c TaXat7rropot, oTacLv [Introit.,yXWcof'9 c7rTlpaoO'; ov3 67rato-Xveo-Oe 7yi 635 OVTo) vooCovcr., 8c;a ICt7VOVVT-e9 caa; OVIC OE TV 7 06yOV C'Vt Te, Kpeov, arTa coTer7a9, %' \ tfi,, /,,, cab!n To )Irov akXfyov eUl /e7 o6-eTe; KPEQN. pcatpe, 8,Eca /Lv' b8O8',rov' oU 7T`ot9;pao-ab &tCKaob, 8vov a7Troxptlva9 Kafo;v, 6. 0 qry ara; arccat raTrpI6o, n KcTeva& Xap3 wOIAIIIOTZ. Fu~[L~ 8.p&wvra 7yap vWv co 7yvvat, KcaKOc E&Xfa, roo T oU cLW a aVT TCVv a"CKj. 34 2ObOKAEOY2 KPE.N. I7 VVV oZvaqtrlv, aXX apa9o%, e6 0e T, 8eSpacOc, OXOu raLTul, t e Spav. 645 IOKAMTH. co 7rpo? OeV v E')V 7raTE7V0V, OL&7ro','TaC'e /aCL~thva UY~ Toa B ooptcov aOevea e erfWv, ew'eTa tcKate TovW7e to 0 7racpeutf0 o'o. xoPo~. T7 Oot 0eJesc 8re Eicaj o; XOPOI..aa O xoPo px 7TO OTe 7rp&V Jfl7tOV VirV 7i px jP.0 #ELav Ka'raibaa. OIAIHOTM. OLo0' oVP a %XP?)Et9; XOPOE. ova. oz al 06xot 87,Cu OIAIIIOTI. bpaa', a xpc5 XOPOM. rv bvary? 0Xov wiin7roT' ev alira afvv a tEi Xo6eyc & aTt ao /3a XEwv. vv V. E7rti7cTT TaV0 OTav- 4'OT7, 4?O",)T')V OAXeOPQV?' bunyqv EC T'7a6 fe yjC. OIAILMOY2 TYPANNO. 35 XOPO. ov Tov 7ramv'wv c(v 0oEv vrpopov'AXtov,''a"o a"0 0 Tt v'aT XotL6av, ppoVfl-tJv eL Ta'v' eXo. axxa 1oO 8vo'8 o'p(~ rYa J c0k&vua 665 TPVXEL AVVv'Ta8 a KaK8t9 KaKa,,rpvxe q/,XVdv, Ta' I t cao tat YrpoaCbvef 7TObl 7raXat Ta 7rpos aCzbJv. OIAIlOTI. O a' ov LrTO), elb Xp71 pe vravTeXcoV Oavetv, r) lry a'ttov Tri-8' a'7woBoOqvat 834. 670 T70 cap cOv, OV TO TOV, oo To, e7roCTepO.Toua cXetvo'vov'ros,'/ ~, o rjO'ea, exetp~lo'7 ovr OTo, eVS av 1), O-TVy71f-ETab. KPEQTN. CTVyVo IEV EfCcWC 8)X0 E? L, I8apu' 8, oeav DvlkoO vrepo'v. a a'Be TotaTrat, Tvee, aVTai b`a 8tKatlwS falfv eXyrat bEPeLV. 675 OIAIHOTr2. ovtCovv [Ub eao6t9 ca/CTo0 Ec; KPEi2N. vropevao'oac, OV /6V1 TVXV ayvwTo 9, ev 8e'ro t8 [Exit. XOPOM. oyvvat, T PE/XXXeP CO/.IELW V 80'"eV T0p8 o; IOKAMTH. 4aOovo'a,y "tqL 7v~. 680 36 SOIOKAEOY2 XOPO2. 6oMln acF yvco Xojycov qXOte, 8aKv& 8e i cab 0 T Up'v&Iov. IOKAITH. apol v dw' avrowz; XOPO. vatxL. IOKAZTH. icati 7Lb Yv AoryoQ; XOPOE. ateL 6otry, aoA, aLL,? 7zrpo7rovovJlervaS, 65 fati veTrat, evO eX t:ev av'Tov /eveEV. OIAIIIOT2. opag?7ret, aya~oq'V fyvaolllv avlp, Lo 7)v L', a T0op/OV raptel KaIa cara/pi vowV KIceap'; XOP02. ava4, 4`7rov PcEv ovx ad7`aa /o pov, 690;'Ot oe 7rrapadpo'vt/Lov, "aropov Errb ppvla 7rTE~ avcab,k av, EL ce voaotoiL'aL, OS 7 e zav yav /lXav Ev'rOvoLc, 695 oaXevovo-av ca7- opOov ovptc a", TaVvV T VEU7QerOrros et 7yevolo. IOKAZTH. 7rpo0 Oejv,&a4ov i'cap, ava, OTOV 7roT0e IOvL Troo. 7Ive TCpa7ya/ os7 oTrTl)oa eqebL. OIAIIIOTI. Epw' Oce 7yap rcov' e9 7rXeov, ryvvac, o'e/3coA 700 Kpe'ovrog, ol PLL LOL tef30ovXevECo exeL. OIAIMIOY2 TYPANNO2. 37 IOKAITH. Xe7,ea 75 0 etKo veco eYKaXVOv epe&9. OIAIIIOT2. bove'a e' rbrt,, abaou KcaOecTTavat. IOKAMTII. avTroq qVvetVol,,q tzaOdev'Xxov a'opa; OIAIIIOTZ.,_avrtv tLv ov rcaicovy7ov ct renu'at, 6re 705 To ye eb &auvroVy 7rav eXEvOEpo a-To'roa. IOIKATH. ov vvv aobet ceavTOV cOV Xe'7E6t 7rEpb'i'alOVEO' EJT& 010 cpov 7ralcov-ov c ab /ul ac ppOTe6ov o )v t aTTKlS eXov 7TElXN7. javco & d cob c0rEta TOWv8E Yvvro/ta. 710o XPffoI'O? Tap,JXOe dabfO,) oroT, OVK Ep ~olo3ov r7 a7r av'Tov7),, 3' v7r7pe7v a7ro, A)9 aVTOv 17ob tLoLpa qrpoo 7rat8o Oarvrev, TO ) 3,, O(r-Tt /E VOoT eov te calcetvov 7rapa. Kab Top UEv coV-77rcp y n +astl, tEvOL 7rOTE 715:CZab'OV'Ov- ~' v pb7rXa'JvS afpatoZ 7raL68o; 8 dcka qas o G8 tEOv rV 7LE/pab TpebC, Kcal vlv ap pa, icetVOs E4cvas 7roo2v epp~tYPev aBaov Xepob et' aaT7ov' opos. e DOVa)v')ATr' XXwv ovT)7'EcLVroV 27vvev 720 a OVE'a'evel'aab ora'TpO OiV'Te Aa'w, T'O 8erov orvofeero, Trp\O~ rat~8\o Oavecv. 38 ZOOOKAEOY2 TotavTa hJyzat uIavTnecat wo)pLcrav, toV EVTpE77ov ) VOvE' o'v 7ap aC OCeo Xpeeav epevva pa8tso? avT'o9 aLe. 725 OIAIiIOTZ. OoV u atCOVcraVT apTtol eXel, 7tvvaa, rvXs 7r-Xavi7lpa Kcara/ctwlVrts opeEOrOv. IOKAMTH. DroOas' /eplvr 9 oy0 vro-rpaocvS XEEL7S; OIAIHOTT. 3,, o,' /'"''' A Eao4 CaC:ovoCat, ov TOW, S o a60s KaTao~a7Eie 7rpI o' Tptr7Xa? a/t.a:Tro6',. 730 IOKAZTTH. v'aTo y'ctp'ra'r' ov,6C'r'o Xi'avr exc. OIAIITOTf. Kcab 7ru'o0' o xc-poq ovToq ov zoS o v - ravOoq; IOKAMTH.'cS',ev 7 ey7? e at, x-X' ~~'; e TravTo A6X9v Ka'7rTO AJavXlav afyet. OIAIHOTI. a Xpo 7T pOO' T o'r T oVueAXXvUOco9 735 IOKATZTH. aXe8OV Tt 7'rpooOEv? 7TV T7'o8 Exov X'0ovo' apxrJv efatvov 7TOVT EKcpVPXOvq 7r'Oe,. OIAIHIIOT. CZe ZEV, TI pOV 8pa'at /e/3ov'xevO-at'rrEpt; OIAIUOY~ TYPANNO2. 39 IOKA2TH. I e' o tL o'o TOVT, 067IOUov, evOvov; OIAIHOTE. wolw' cpoJra v P8e AaIcov kvtvw 740 TIv ebxe bpac, riva 83 aKLqv il oXv. IOKAMTH. /Lenas, Xvoagowv a/prk XevcKavOe Icapa, /woprlc oe z71 0 ^ ovIC a7TeoTaT6eL roXv. OIAIHOT2%. Ot/,Ot 7aXa,''OIC E!'TOV EL'q aL"a oDetY va~ av sf v )! etvas 7Tpo3a\XWV aprvat, ovc e&o Lvat. 745 IO1KAETH. r7TW OK CO 70o T Tp09 0 a7rToCWorovo % avaf. OIAIHIOT2. 8zctv)9 aOvuO) MI 8j XCrcov o kia'VTts 7.,\ co cEtiLC 8e PXHXov, q ev ev:etrf M71. IOKAITH. Ical U&7)V O&O /Cluev, a' av ep:y ha-o epo. OIAIITOT2. 7ro'repov eXlopet /3atos, 7'roXXove xv eo 750 avopaq XoXtora, o av'lp apXr?7/e7rT; IOKAITH. 7rcv'T 7a.vav ol eVuraavTe, Ev 8( avI'r'oZoa yV K:pv' dar vq 8 (3' ye Aau'ov pta. 40 2O)OKAEOY2 OIAIHOT2. atat, Ta(a 7) lalaz4V. rtL?)V 7rOT6 o TovoSe Xea ou0V Xo7ov vv1, tvuva&; 755 IOKAITH. OLKEV9 Tl9. O0-7TEp OSET el~So't"? /kV09. OIAIHOT2. 9 q!car 8coto0 o 7rt Tv7XaVel Ta'zv TrapwWv; IOKA:TH. Ov 8-r' *4 ov 7yap tcEO Xl e,ca iC' e' dEO e2'XovTa ALaov 7 o' XcoXwOTa, C'tcTevo'ev7e Tr7V, YS XeLPO OtBryo 760 a7ypovu' Yfe 7re'lj'aL Ka7t 7r'tLtoW'Vo/Jka4, W qTrX\EZlTOV Ea TOV awT7OrrTot0 ateoy. eKa7Aeqp E7co VlV akL0o9 eap o, 7 a' np SOovXoq ebpCwV "v T^?C8e icat /1eiow Xpotv. OIAIIIOT2. 7Ts LL /AX0o t?714V 61' T Xet 7raaXtv; 765 IOKAMTH. rr, \ \, ^,,n,'7TapEOCTtV. aXXa 7rpos't ToviT ceiCuat; OIAIflOTz. 88ou6EC /JavTrOv, 9) yvvat,,/J, 7r"oXX aryav eLpflpEV,r ptOL,&/ a LV ELCLwe(v OeCo. IOKAMTH. axx''leTrat ie'v atLa 8e' 7rov iuaOLv Kcay1o Tc y r o Ovop VXOPT' a var. 770 OItAIIOYE TYPANNO0. 41 OIAIMOTI. EpoC0 pfetp o709. Tz,yap av Kai &eLOv EtOZ Trarvp a ev HII Xv/3o%'v Kopv'Otos, PT79p oe Mepo0r7w,Zopis. ry7rv 3' a vrlp 775 corTwv ILkEYTGOq TOW)V EKE&, 7rptV LOt TVWXf T0ota e'7rervTq, OavpULco-ata LEV ata, T7rOVoS 7 ye [LEVTOtL 77'bLL OUiK c atla. yavrp'aSp ev 8el7vrvoLt, v7,prep7rXfT'0eL9 pEOy KaXEL 7rap' o/vq 7TrXa0CT7o0 9n Eev 7raaTpi. 780 cayw pIapvvctq mTr)v e-LV ovrav ri)Lpepav Lido't tcKaTe'0XOV, OcdrEpqa o' v r'AXa,.P7TpOS 7TraTpo9 7 IXeIYXo V o 8\6 3vuo(prpw9 7OVYe&b 770V T) kLe0OEVTL TOP XY07V. Kcay$o Ta Pev /KEtvotv ETrepTro, 0/LW 785 ~evrte k6 aet'roo ~ vOepr7e tap roXv'. XudOpa 8E /A7Tpo9 Kat 7Ta.TpO. 7r.opevuo0at IIvOw86, Kat' p'. o (iOl/309 t KEV CO''7v artpLov eE7ereueGvY, caXa 8' aOXta icatl bev Ka& ov0-'qva 7rpovavv XEycv, 790 C, W7T7pTl UV XPC)7 tE6 [tbO'vat, 7EVo0 ( aTX?'7ov aavOpc)7roto-t qX;oo'oto o pav, 4oveV' 8) ECOl/)7V TOV (VTEV(taaVT0 7-aTapod. Kcayo) 7raGovo'aV TavTa'rTv Koptv0Otav a'T~pos'to XOLTrOJv Ee-TpOVEVo S 90ova 795;C;VwomV, epOa, 77'OT tol,,U7,V,aKCO)V XP9lo7'fv ovPEL6 TOv E/owv TEXXoV/,eva. 42 ZO0OKAEOYS TELX6V 8 f tvcovthat 70Vro6e Tov70 XCOpov EV Ob' o(V To 7Tvpavvo 7070v) oo bXXvoOaLt X67ev. Kat aco,,yvvat, 7TavX7Ueq Eepw. 7Tpv71rX?7 800 07) Kq ceXeVOOV 7?o8; 0,8ot7ropwV,TeXa, EvTavUa 0uot KcVP 7Te K'7rT 7ro)XLt/cr) aV7np a7Trrv7l7l eP,/3ei3C0, oV o) v p,7c fvvvT-lab.v Ka oov;oa 0' w o'?,vL avroI 0 d Vo8 ard. T03 o 7rpeotvs 7.rpov 8tav q Xavve`Tl. 805 1 \ \ 1ov ~ca[ cKay) 7T0o EIC7pE7o0v7a, 70o) TpOXXaT?77v, 7raefC% &t oprygr Kcalt A 7rpE(73vi? Op - oXoV qrapacr7eXOva 7rlprlo'a9 tEc0ov icapa L7rXot' IcKETpOLO't pov Ica lOceTo. 0V!) t. o 7?tuo'Er, aXa OVTO/Io9 810 t(7?71),7 671(EV, 810 C Tr7pC TV7TCv S vc C 7Toe6 XetpO' VW7T'09O /eLE-r? a7r'lv?]9 eVu;v ecKvX, IvErat KTE7L O~e 70rov u/L7aTava. Ce (e T),Ev T70V7o 7rpOc7KEeCt Aa'L T7 Cvy7evecl, n' 7010 708 a~p\Os E0Tw at'X ep9; 815 71S t0rv 6 V8p' rTV'O\t60/ep 85 e'COpo KWa. acopT 0XX7 XXov "''v I) 7 U aC0) a7Tvo0t') avv Z p; G)01 oevov /.eer p8t ao'Teo'v'rtva 8X'1 -6 TE OXsal6 V709 z) XE7POV O a/1a'An'' TIM C0otoev %0 a57roat,, 1cwv. roao Ta e OVTtS, axoq XE v 8 voO OavovTo~ ev Xepotv e/ihav XpaltVo, C,'V7Ep WXET. ap ecUvv Kaico0; ap ov07J 7ra3 avayro9, et Pte Xp] cV7/etr, Kal 1tL o V70A t. P/tk07. 70v9 Eou /.fovs 2v3E /L2)8 eipqaTEvetv'arpi(09, ) I /tJat9 /1E 866 825 OIAIIIOY2 TYPANNO2. 43 t0U7pO9 ETvyivat Kat 7ra-TE'pa caKTaKaTavEt po'Xv3ov,' E aUO'E K''EOEpee'ue; p oc a7r oTLov Taura 8atL/ovoq TrS aKpivaV w-' avop't T' v o3pOoi Xo'yov; zj &opa, a "7,T, cowe' V ayvov e'3pa9, 830 8otLL 7TavT7)v )/pEpaV, acXX' ec I poT7 /3l?8V cOavTo' 7Tpo0EV?7 TOt aI 8lJ L vaUT ovixropof ty/v.!e, (LaO, a'', 7)tv pEvI1 Coaa, 7TauvT oKcV?7p *e O) 9 av ovIJ.'rpo 7ToV 7rapoVTrO eKUdtOq., eX eX 7r era. 835 OIAIHOT2g. cat PL7v TOOOUTOV 7 EOTL LOL0 T7q9 EAMTLOO9?, Tov "av'pa T po'0T/rpa 7rpoolevat'ovo. IOKA2TH. 7recaoy/LEv o 8e 7S9 rroO' 7 rpoOvua; OIIIIOT~. E7y L& cC:ro o"' v yap EupeO XeTecov UrO 7TaVT Ey"(07 a)' v E 7rIEEV7ryOr) Vra 7o0. 840 IOKAfTUH. r)OTOV pO6 7LIE rpILo JKcOVoaqc Xoryov; OIAIHOTY. ef 9 1/,' 9 f Co VYtv tcaTaC'KTevaLcEv. EC (LEV OVV ev, XEte& T)ov aVoT'o apLtO/hO ), O0C cry( IrTavov 44 2OOKAEOY2,',,, ^ 70VT OTLZV?() T0Up7Ov' EL 6/4E pe67oY. IOKA2TH.,, e,,,', a cXXog 0Savev ye T0o7VroS0 C( E7rbTUaoo, 70Xtl fyaLp 7/C1OV, Ov/c E7,C) AwlI, 7oasE. 850 el (' o"v 7L IEaKTpe7LOT ov 7 ppcQTOr Xoy.ov, OVrtOl 7rO07, &ta4, T7oV e6 Aatov jqovov cave& 8&Kalco opoov, ou ye 7 Ao~ta toeB7re Xp.vat wratog e e r/LOvc Oavetv.,t,, e icaroT vcLv 0 ) ov KEPQv7 0 oVT77V09 7rOTr 855 OT TOV th avT ra, 7y av ro 67 /e"taq. av ov1vec 0ovT6 760 aov VTEpoV. OIAIHlOT. KcaXgo vo1te. aXX 0/0oJq TOV Ep7aTMV or lTuElov 7LTt CcYTeXo#vTa aIq8e TOOUT wab0. 860 IOKAI THE. r u c Taxvvw sao XX' oo' royev eS t01o9q. Ov$ev yap av 7rpaEatp2 av co) ov o-o tca Xov. [Exeunt JOCASTA et CEDIPUS. XOPOZ. Oa-p. c. e& g0ot E vve1/1 U E+pOVrt Itotpa 7TaLv EVE'7rTov adylvEav Xdoywv 6pyovl 76 7oraPTVw, CO)V /pOOL 7poCZE7vTa 865 vJt7roeg, ovpavia OIAIIIO~Y TYPANNOS. 45 atOBp TeCvCoOe'VTe, V)v'QOXvp7Troq 7ra7T-p to'vos, ove vtv OvaT'a Svb aVe'p' o ETUCreV oVu8 /jk 7roTE Xada KaTa~KoLb4a-c/ 870 EryaSe EU TOvTOt' Oeo`, 0v p fyfpLao-'cel. aVT. A. v/' ptq wVCve. Tvpavvov. t, de'roXXC, V'epw'Xa'O',, ~ V'' P~, -paTav, a,r 7rucatpa A/.,e rt -v povTa, 875 alcpoTraTo ew'avalcaTo',. f.... a7ro,'oaov Copov'ev eti aVola7iaV, eV)0 ov t Oob Xpffb' XpTrat. To Ka~r' oexo 7rOXEL rTaXawLc pa. AriOTE Xvaat EOv a0LTOVpaLt. 880 eob Ov o X.j o TroTe'rpo~rarav ~oxwV. orp. fP'. E &6 7tL v7repoorTa Xepoftv Xd07y0 7ropeUErat, /LicaC nc ofJv3ro~ ovte 885 Batpoov v'v E aoe3Woy, KCaKac VtV A6OTO JobOpa, &vorTo7ToTov XaPLV XXt8a9, E& 4L7 7o0 KEp80' KepoaveL 8tKa'ot tK W )cTE aoE7rTTV EPEat, 890 d TwV L,TWV e4EoTat [LaTeC&ov. Tl b 7oT EL Ev ToU78 avcqp V/ucJoV 8frl7 EV:eTatL 4rvxca auvvewv; ey yap at Trotatcl 7rpaetL'4LCa, 895 &, o Tt tf pe %opevLet; 46 SODOKAEOY2 OUVCETL T70 atLc6Tov e6LL, rya E7r oiL4aXov oE icoV, o'8' C''A/' 0 V., 0' trav'Aaot~ va~v, oU8' Trw' Okvujrav, 900 7rao'lv Lpt o'eL fpOTovS'. aXX,, co cpaTvowv, e7rep opa acouVE% Ze6. 7'rLv'T aracoteo, Lt7 XaCOoL -e Tav re Ecav dOatvapoavo atEv apXav. 905,b1vovoTa 7ryp HIvOo'Xpo-Ta Aafov OEo+baT E~Cltlp0Vc~t ~?y, Od-o'ar' J~apoio't. qj, Kcov8a[lou Truat'A'rdXXWv e/t4avq/v eppe 86c Ta Mea. 910 IOKAMTH. X opac vaCTC, &oa fLOL rapeCaTa7 [Introit. vaove tccoOat &oLCLFOltIv, Tatc eV XEpOw v*rov?ap atpE6t OvOV OtivoqTOU atyav Xv7ra warToatat'rt' ov o vo airjp 915 evPorV Ta Icatva To'? 7raakta TecLaLtapeTa&, aX\ eCo"L TOO XE7'VTO% EL etPOu'v xcfl/y. OT ov 7rapaivovo- ovov c'q XE"ov wnoeJ, rpos crl Avxice, A7roXXov, aXte-rTo1? ]ap et, CKETtq a qpu7LatL Trlo'e o-vw KcaTev7aryavo-, 920 r07rTCO XV1 7Wv'7?epL2tv evay? q7ropyP) CO'? VV OOVLero 7raVTe 9 o vepE7rrXv e/rOV. IE6VOV /XE7T0PTES (0'; CV/3EpV'T'V VEW';9. OIAIIIOY. TYPANNO2. 47 ArrEAO1. acp av?rap' vuv, o UEvoL, [aOotp' w07ov [Introit. ra; TOV Trvpavvov O/aT EYcoar V OLt'7rov; 925 t'ar 3 a l;O' 0 7I'0A) e i,aXtoTa 8 awov E7 aT7, CEt,zTOaT' 07rOv. XOP02. TTE/at I EV aC'86e, cavTros e'vov, c~ E've vvj 8oe /JT?7p?86e T'Ov ICElvOV'TEClVWP. ArrEA02. ax ox' XL'a TE Ka& P v OX/31ot act 7evot7, 6eeBvov 7 ovoa 7ravTEX ps a aaf)p. 930 IOKA2TEH. avTCor 8NE Kat, u v* atto 7Yap Et T27r evETreta OvveKc. aXXa Qpa{" orov xpoi)v aoa6 ul, at O'6Xow APrEA02. aa8ag 8o/luo'TE icam v0E 7' CTo, fvva&. IOKAZITHo~ Ta vrota TaVta; 7rapa Ttvo9 8 a0L716yevog 935 ArrEA02. eu1 T KopLVOOV. T'O 8' rno? ot4epw TXa,,q80Fo jkcv,'7r 6 Ovic av, affXafxx6OP tacog. IOKAMTH. T eCaTt; oLav 8UvalLtv COJ 0 egel 8t7rXq'v; 48 2OOKAEOY2 ArrEAOZ. rTvpavvov avTov ov7rTtXwptot X'ovo Tr3'IuOLLbas (T7'OV'Lov', (78 EviCE. 940 IOKAITH:I. Tr Hv; o,X o 7rpE/8v9 IiIoXv/o3 cmycpaT)s' T; ArrEAOY. ov r/T, ~7e~ ryv OayVaT'o eV T7aobt eXet. IOKAETIH. zrwS etqraS'; ) TELIoyGE IOXVPOq, w 7EpOV; ArrEAO. Fb 7(O 7aX?avOE', aLCt Oavrev. IOKAZTH. o,rpoa7ro'oX, ovyx OeroT TaO' S aX 945 TT, e To'roy,, J/ aoT I TOVQ ( a0L tac' /CO Tov aC'p Eco, II., according to which another simpler expression of the thought is &b rore ror e r ae rspas Blot KcdOq-Oae; 3. KXMSO[oLV (G. 188, 1; H. 607). — EorqJFM.voL, furnished (rTob U eieTre) IJvOL, dvrT1 toO KeKO',5'/tvOL: Schol.), for the suppliants were not themselves crowned, unless perhaps the priests. The reference is to the fillets upon 84 NOTES. the olive branches. These suppliant boughs were placed on the altars, from which they were removed if the prayer was granted. See 143. 4, 5. While the city is at the same time full of incense and of wailings which yet mingle with the strains of the hopeful pcean. Although the tone of interrogation is dropped, the statements are virtually questions. - Notwithstanding CEdipus asks the occasion of the ascending incense and the reason for the prayers and lamentations heard in the city, he certainly was as fully acquainted with the calamity under which his people were laboring as any one before him. See 58. But for the purposes of the drama he leads them to relate their distress, and then assures them of all possible help. - The antithesis here is not exact. The poet begins with the contrast between OvLtalcdrwv,, offered to the gods with hope of their removing the plague, and eva-rscmyctwv, indicating the despair of the people, when a word much stronger than the former, 7ratcdvwv, suggests itself. The pean here is a song of hope. - OupLac&i-v (G. 172, 1; H. 575). The plural is used where we should employ the singular to denote that incense is offered in many different places. — The repetition of 6 uo0 is emphatic, heightening the antithesis. 6. ayq (G. 11 and N. 1; H. 68 and rem. b). - It, which things, i. e. the reason of them. - SLKcLLV (G. 277, 2; H. 789, c). - ILi (G. 283, 3; H. 837). 7. ayyXAov.&XXcov: said with poetic freedom, since it is evident that (Edipus does not in fact belong to the class of which by the form of expression he is made a member. Cf.So hand in hand they passed, the loveliest pair That ever since in love's embraces met; Adam, the goodliest man of men since born, His sons; the fairest of her daughters, Eve. PARADISE LOST, IV., 321 - 324. 8. rr&oaL, in the judgment of all (H. 601). So that 7raw- KXev6s is worldrenowned. 9. He addresses the priest of Zeus. 10. 4wveiv (G. 261, 1, N.; H. 767; M. 93, 1, N. 2, (a), third ex.).rTCVL, K. T. X., in what temper sit ye here? 11. (Ti) SEovqls: the Mediterranean laurel or bay-tree. For the case, see references on hvbppv, in 57. 84. tvPlITPOS, K.'r. X., for he is within hearing distance. - KXELVv (G. 266, 2, N. 1; H. 875, f). 85-88. So anxious is CEdipus to learn what is to be done, that he calls aloud to Creon, yet at a distance, inquiring what Apollo commands. The latter, prudently thinking that the oracle should first be considered by 90 NOTES. (Edipus alone, that the guilty one may not betake himself to flight, answers evasively, afair one; for I am sure that even the difficulties that beset us, if they should by chance have good issue, would turn out altogether well. This means to Creon, that if the effort to discover and punish the murderer of Laius, difficult because of the length of time that has elapsed since the event, should be successful, they would be freed from the plague; but to those he addresses, his answer is as unintelligible as he designed it to be. - -tvao, used in 85 in the address to Creon, is an honorable title of very extensive application. - KiSev!ua, relation, for KMqfeor5s, relative (by marriage). — Creon, coming from abroad, enters the theatre through the left-hand or eastern parodos, and goes upon the stage. His coming is so timed that he begins his reply as he ascends its steps. - Xkyw shows that Creon, and not the oracle, is the authority for the statement. - iEfXdvTTa (G. 279, 2; H. 801). —6TvUXlV (G. 242, 2, and 224; H. 734, c, and 748). 89.'LgrLv, K. 7. X., but the oracle, the ORACLE, tell me what THAT is. 90. oSv emphasizes the antithesis between Opaaos and rpoSeaocs. -.-rTc ye vOv XoyT, by YOUR saying. - Xo'y/ (G. 188, 1; H. 611). 91-93. Quasi dicat - Do you wtish ALL to hear? And the answer, Yes, tell all. - ei TOvSe... KXMELV, if you wish these at hand to hear. -r:v6e Xp'yets KX6Ew,, where in prose we probably should have had ro6ale XpileasL KXetv. 92. E'trEv: see references to G. and H. on tocveV,- in 10. - E e... eor-o: there is an ellipsis: etre (tX r6w3ve XXp.'ets rX-r1ta~6vraWv KX6etv, 9froet6s elut) Kal (rT etXeLV Jsw; or more simply for the first part: etre ('-rcXetv a~oJ XPiI pets,'ros6ts EaL), K. r. X. 93, 94. Es...ctb8ac: OEdipus by this command seals his fate. The oracle is made public, and the first step taken that leads to, his eventual overthrow. - T?>v8e, K. T. X., for the anxiety that I feel in behalf of these irks me more than my anxiety for my own life even. To put his life to hazard would be less a cause of grief to him than the present misery of his subjects. And how certainly, though unconsciously, was he putting his life to hazard!- 7vSE: scilicet wept. - rkXov te'po, feel more sensibly. -T Irb veos, my grief. Note the force of the article. - ArrPL (G. 23, 2; H. 102, b). 95. X/yo~' div (G. 226, 2, ad fin.; H. 722, b). - -rrwpca: as 7rpt in 94. 97. X&pas: see refs. on pv0&v in 24.- W-s: to express subjectivity, as in 11. 99. IroCt KaLa0p1J': sc. idvcyev l u~as EXa6vev. 100. After (Edipus' question, Creon resumes his speech, as if not yet complete. Accordingly, dvp-lXarovras must be referred to Aexas in 96. 101. cS TOSE& K. T. X., since this is a case of bloodshed troubling the state.Sc. darl. The adj. r66e impugns the construction of a/-am as an ace. abs. NOTES. 91 a/ac is now mentioned for the first time, and ought therefore to be anarthrous. - The same figure underlies XetLtd~'ov (from xe^'Za, a storm), that occurs in 23. 102. yap expresses surprise.- - llViE;c: sc. o Me6s. 103. itjjv (G. 184, 4'; H. 598 and a). 104. &irEvOeVELv (G. 274; H. 769). 107.'rovs avCroEvras T'vL&S, the murderers, whoever they may be. 108. o' 8e (G. 143, 1, N. 2; H. 525, (y)).- yis (G. 168, ninth ex.; H. 589, first ex. ). - roSE, this, which we must discover. 112. i'v: "Sometimes in Attic poetry a weak and grammatically unimportant syllable is excluded by a preceding long vowel; this is especially the case with the augment. This omission of the vowel is called aphmresis (d&qalpeors)." Kiihner. See also H. 68, D. 113. urvlWCrrTEL: historical present. 114, 115. He went, as he said, to consult the oracle, but never returned. Creon answers in general terms, not specifying either the place where Laius was murdered, or the occasion that he had for consulting the oracle, - not even saying what oracle it was. Here the skill of the poet is seen, for any one of these might have put (Edipus on the right track. This effect is increased by the confused account in 122, 123. - asrEo-zriX (H. 706; M. 19, N. 4, (b)). 116, 117. But was there no one to announce the deed, no fellow-traveller who saw it, whose information could have been used to advantage? - CxppiiacrT' tv: sc. r.j /a=Oioet. Note the form of this apodosis (G. 222; H. 746), and the tense of the contrary reality. 118, 119. OviA-O'uWL, they are dead, being equal to TreOv KaC. - CSS TLs: when this attendant got back to Thebes, all that he could say was that the king had been set upon by a numerous band of robbers and killed. This statement, that the robbers were many in number, which in the course of the action of the play is proved false, for a long time delays the self-conviction of (Edipus. Undoubtedly the attendant was terrified at the crossroads. Well might he be; but still not so badly as actually to magnify the one man, (Edipus, into a number. His aim in this falsehood was to shield himself from the charge of cowardice. - Schn. calls attention to the emphatic connection of 7rX'v es —irXi v ly, meant to show how very remote the chance of discovering the murderer was. — v (G. 153 and N. 1; H. 808, 1). - Syntax of 9v? 120, 121. o wrotov, what was that? (1. 538, d). - -v itdVpoL, Et XaPoLIpev (G. 224; H. 748). - The order for the English sentence will be either, v ta te6pom wroXX& xaMev, or xuaOesv iv aie6por iroXXc. 92 NOTES. 123. KTcLVEtV (G. 260, 2; H. 717, b). 124, 125. 6 kNrQ9-Is: "The singular referring to the plural may only be an idiomatic way of speaking, but mlay also be a stroke of art in representing (Edipus as wholly careless about the number of the persons, which at a later period (842 if.) is his only refuge." CAMP. - Ti1: subject of erpaioaoero. - givv &pyvipcy Evev8e, with money from here, i. e. bribes sent to the robbers from Thebes. - odXpqls (G. 168 and N. 1; H. 559, c). 126. AC'tov: limit of apw'yos. 128. Irvpvvt8os: the use of the abstract term is emphatic. 129. M. 95, 2, (a), fourth ex. 130. rOLKLXpOS6S: cf. on 36. 132. It is not an exact expression by which the two adverbs i $wrapXis and caOLs are connected with HavO, since Taocwqf of 131 had never yet been brought to light. But the participle i5rdpxwv is sufficiently implied in the substantive b5rapxes. But I a second time (abOs, entering upon the inquiry) from the beginning (e brapxis), etc. The subjects of Laius had once begun an investigation of the causes of his death, but had been obliged to drop it. (Edipus declares that it shall not only be again begun from the very start, but that it shall be brought to a successful conclusion. 133. V',: Creon. 134. Have shown this care in behalf of the dead. -'OEoE0e (G. 199, 2; H. 689). The way in which the interest of the twofold subject in the matter is indicated by the use of the middle is very delicate. 136. ye: as 4;jluf in 39. 137.'rcv &rwTpwo qIXwov: his wife's former husband, whom he said (105) he had never seen. And yet how closely related he was to this same man! 138. cVirToi (G. 146, N. 2; H. 672, a). 139. TdXk' &v: perhaps (G. 212, N.). 140. "Since GEdipus assumes as a fact the surmise expressed above (124), he is apprehensive lest the murderer, a political malcontent or one hired by political opponents, may in like manner with violent hand (107) take vengeance on him." SCHN. - TOLCLqTn XELP(: " The same hand which unwittingly slew Laius did, eventually, wreak vengeance on (Edipus by tearing out his eyes." YOUNG. - 04XOL (G. 226, 2, and 224; H. 722). 142. 6s TAXL-Trc: for Trdxa'ra Us (5iaeroe) (H. 664 and 821). - PM.Opwv (G. 174; H. 590, b, first ex.). 143. Cf. on 3. - tK[Tpas: cf. on awrqxpl in 81. The two substantives here are of the same gender. 144. kLXXos: one of his own attendants. 145. / yap, K. T. X.: to the spectators the king's words have a double NOTES. 93 meaning. The prosperous issue at which he aims - the discovery and punishment of the murderer -will prove to him the direst ruin. 146. CEdipus and Creon go into the palace by the middle door. See Introduction. 147. watSEs: cf. on 32. Possibly here, as being the oldest, he addresses all in general as children.- Eo'-<'pEEoOa (G. 253; H. 720, a). For the ending see 32. -X6.pLv (G. 160, 2, sixth ex.; H. 552, tenth ex.). 148. wy'CLyyXX'raL: " Subjective middle.' Which he announces as coming from himself.' "- CAMP. 149, 150. And may Phcebus, he that sent this oracle, come at the same time both our deliverer and the stayer of the pestilence. - Their request granted, the suppliants retire into the city by the same way by which they had entered. 151-215. The parodos. ANALYSIS: An eager inquiry as to the nature of the command with which Creon had returned, addressed to the Oracle itself (Op3as); great anxiety on the part of the Chorus in regard to what it will enjoin upon the city (Xpeos); it is besought to disclose itself (4cMIua); Athene, Artemis, and Phcebus severally invoked to appear in defence of the state (auol), and to come again to her aid as they have done in times past (vsv); the general ground of this petition given to be immediately explained at length (aXVeerat); namely, the fruits of the earth wither and the women perish in child-birth (yvuvaiKes); the dead are speeding like wellfledged birds to the realms of night, leaving the city desolate (6XXvrat); death-bringing corpses strew the plain ('EoLKrcos); bereaved wives and hoary-haired mothers wail at the altar's base (iwrre,,4xouva, ); the voice of lamentation mingles with the hymn for help (iceavXos): to relieve all this woe the oracle is implored to send help (aXKavd), and drive the plague into the sea for his destruction (KX6bwva), since day destroys what night spares (gpXerat); Jove is besought to blast him with his bolt (Kepavu); glad would be the sight of Apollo's arrows showered forth to protect the city (7rpooTaXOPTra), and of the bright torches of Artemis (&dtaoe0); Bacchus too is invoked to draw near with his train and flash death upon this god unhonored among gods (Oe6v). 151 sq. 0 sweetly speaking Oracle of Jove, of what purport, pray, art thou come from Pytho rich in gold to illustrious Thebes? - The CHORUS, representing the Kdciouv Xa6o of 144, now enters the orchestra from the city. - For QSve-rrs, Ir&s, kpas, and many such cases hereafter in the choric parts, G. 30, 1; H. 24, D, b. - 4M-L: the voice of Zeus is personified and addressed. The oracle comes through Apollo, but its original source is the father of all things, Jupiter. The Chorus has evidently heard of Creon's 94 NOTES. return. - rCs stands in the predicate to {#as. — rroXvXp'ra-ov: the immense riches stored away in the temple at Delphi have been the subject of remark ever since even Homer's day. 153. EKE&aCLJaL, K. r. X.: "' I lie outstretched, my timorous heart quak. ing with dread.' The uses of IKTr&'aL/t favor this punctuation. "- CAMP. The commoner punctuation is to put the comma after