BUR A 6235 a39015 0 1817I b, Ado K 8 1 1T1E 15 W.ai _ilI a XA A i l t, i, 1 4 In Memory Of. jI_ aty Goer Hatch r ]'i[i..l | (~~~~~~~~~~~n....... 7-M~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ , 0 ~ l V,\ I //f,., i:.. -/-/ ^ ~I o; Illustrated by Pllhoto-Gra(-l\u frorn ori tinal Ph t:,')rotraphs taken esp ecially i thi \\is ok. /1:;,-, J _ O". ) i, 2,C1' I 1~ -~pi.j "-_t \ ol i,.-~_` "THE PARADISE OF THE PACIFIC < AN INFERNO OF THE WORLD" Iiust;rated aqd Publisihed by 'X/ilianm F. Sesser',.t.,Joseph, vMichigar!,,? A,, fr tile Kilauea V/olcano Hlouse (Conrpan/ and the D3ahu F!aiway and _.and Co rTnan.y, Honoluiu, Ha'aiiarn siasqds.:I) Ir'tH-l) BY t1, (RIN A. THURSTOlN, HO( )N(O)L.L.JU, H. I. tT *-. F v:,:\: -':: XT I'd $::; 1;: A. B. MORSE, PRINTER AND BCNDER, ST. JOSEPH MICHIGAN ~PREFATORY 4 ",' Tcrse mayfind him who a se Zrmon f cts.' THIS is not a boo —k of sermons, but of verses, intended primarily to reveal to the world a glimpse of the artistic and scenic beauties, and the great natural wonders of an almost unknown country. Lying in mid-Pacific, on the northern verge of the tropics, with a climate tempered bv the balmy trade winds, in the direct line of travel between every principal port of the Pacific Ocean, wvith its wonderfully even temperature, magnificent mountain scenery, stupendous volcanoes, its wealth of tropical vegetation, its material prosperity and advanced civilization, Hawaii is at once the commercial and strategic key of the Western Ocean; an unrivaled resort for health, pleasure, and interesting travel, and a land unique upon the face of the earth. While this is not intended either as a history or a guide book, the geography, history and characteristics of the Islands are so little known to the outside world, that a brief summary of historical and practical information is incorporated herewith, in the belief that it will lend added interest to a wolk primarily designed to illustrate the beautiful rather than the practical features of the Island Kingdom.,... In addition to those whose names are attached to the articles publ)islhedl hereiln, obliigation is acknowledged o tohe "Tourists' Guide through the Hawaiian Islands,'' by H. M. Whitney, 'Thrum's Haw\aiian Almanaic and Annual" and the 'Legends and Mythls of Hawaii," from whlichl materi:l has been compiled. 1i( )11011illi, August, 189 1 LORRIN A. Tutlus~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oN" 2 Ho)nolulu, Augtlust, t891. L(ORRIN A. TH-tllRSTON. (,5 ort~,: ~.~. Ot-HL E CIIARM F ( HIA\WAII *- -------— B MARt K TW AIN 'IHt ixlndescrillab)l chlarml whiclh IHtawaiii exercises -over all \:,who:ice l)reatltce lier 1 lllnv air, wa.s recently heautilfully exprssed.(1 in a lJiulil ad(dress btv Mar-k 'Twalin. Rtterrill-( t awii lie s-aid: "No alli e land ili all tlhe world has any (eep, strolng-:: clarmn or ftM but tlhat onet' II(,) (o other land could si:) lolgigliv ii(tl )esetecilhinl hanit me, sleepiyng an.d wa king", thro-1l lOf a litc time01. ias that 0one hias; done. O)il tiliigs leavetx tIll, nbuht it ahildese; otilier things challge, but it remaills tlie s 1ame. 'or lme its; 1.bal ixv a 11is are always 1blowilng its summer seas flashilng i tl, l su the pulsitg of its.lurf-l)cat is in imSi ear, I all see its g-arlanded craigs, its leaping,ca sca,;ldes;, its Ilultn:y I)alms dtro:\wsiig by tle shoore, its retmote sutullits floating liku islandi abrov tlle cloud-rack; I cal feel tlie spirit of its w(ootdlaind t(litude - I can hear tlie plash of its brooks iin mlyv nostrils still lives the breathl of flowers that perished twenty years ago. i.4NA ".,A / I.iS/',._,^|*|%^|_'^^^A'^:i, i"~ $~~~~~~~~~~~;irdri:J~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. Voxan Route Steaer VISTAS OF HAWAII. Oc~a' Steamship Company's St~re AsWa I 0 0, olao el r- -,, 1 I % 1* rl,, " -, \. I 1 1 I -1-1, Iy /A, —: , 1, i c' r 1, 11 11 i I I I ;, I -v: 5 I, -, '? li", I, I 11 I ) 11 - - (I, f, / I!, " I I 1,, j 1 1 11 "!,- ,, " i -I I; j I 41 11 - 31 Alt 1u III 11~~~~~~~~~T 17 n 7 71. 77 1 7 >I t -K 7 11,7 7 '17 7 1 -1 11371' 7' 7 1 17 77 WAIA IANAf A71 L 1i 7) A 1 ~ 13 1 i Is 7t h 7 7~ 7' 71 7 717 7 73731111; 1' 1; 3' 7 7 7 71 71 - - 1,17 '77 1 7 >17 13;177 '7t1 '17 1 7 >71 11 'I 17 117 1 >7337Th " 1. " 11 1 i/ 7 2>. ^ O\I tiN AH EARLY Hli5T~RY o, THE HAWAIIAN PE~PLE 1 H - ii. we p al vt'i).;. str l ok, iigiatirg fr( Asia Minor, through India, il i ' JI I to thtI _Sloatilm Pitlft I'slalilds, andI fr-o, ii telce gra:dulially splreadiiig out to New Zeelald,. Saoli, VTiti, ld i tl e islands of tSi:cific. T'o tie,resent day, na1: s of localities, of mlen, and of thiti:ls lar ill iu lllUtmcrale istai iic's i IcVnt'ica l itl the Ltur last:al nl'd giouts of islancd, andl the general structure of the several lgtg: s V; sio iilr pil' t l1t a vr- l amiiiar xxiti r ioiC rtadili uindertstanids aiid learns the others. the ( liiect k Inovl clgi wic we ha o e 0 C ly a t xxaiii history is (ie to thle fact that an order of priesthood ws 'm; I i tiai e v; o Com1 -i1tted to emr1Iy d ih tlded down\ f'ro I; falthr to son the acts an;d genllelogy of tli cii fs. So sx teati lil and iaccur ll wi s this (lone tha t late chiefs of HIawraii are able to give their gell log'y 1d Fcit ie tli (eilS of t ii, cstoi il,ors- tll lai rids of Iort generatiolis. Altlllugli the earlier periods ore in'ixc ed witfli ay tlologai;a:i exagge-'oratio s, 'certainl f'c ts tre well estat'islhed,. The first arrivals here were ili thle sisli ce lttry, ltider a. chief falan l, fllol. x byc liy otliers froml Talhiti and Samoa. They came in large, doubl)L c' ls, loldiiig o1101 lifty to oile hundired( ( l 1po, t dl1111 d ouglht witlih tliem their pIriests, gods, dogs, swine, fowls, alild seeds. For four cit11tirie o o;i:lric iti;s we ire ileil xith tle sortli, evlen i series of wxxarlike ilc rsi(lss t oolk piIIce lr Sa a 1'o i i tlie te:t anid e ith ceCnltuirics, led hy Naoaxoa, a xwarlike chlief', and Paao, Iis i1igi p1,ist. l)isiag tihe e Ixt o;le iu':hred ai.1l fift x xears a ol imumae'r of wairriors overra:n and coniqueredt the countryl- -. V o\-!ges hback an1:l i fortlI rtn tu ite groti ) o ir f l:-1(s, epr;ar ted )y tv0 tlhousand m:t iles of oceanl, wre freq uerit, tile mre ei:1 gol( amd ilttllige lt m' g rl^-ix''ioa:t:orI seaililg by tie stairs in ctlloes caiptablhe of withstandiig thle severest stormis. Near thI cl:; of thle 2ti 'i c iefry o uni, xcaxtio'n wiith tle soutli a(ain cefased. Ii 15555 thie Islands wxlere visited l)b thle Spa:i:s, w. xlio (id li lo h! xi' owNeer, ILmake their discxtir-x' klnowRm. In 1778 thleir existence was nmade knioxvwn to the (i'ilizC(l xorl r1) Ca.)ptili r Cook, tle Eiglish navigat for. In 1795 Kam -. i nelia coq(nttere( the group. after ten years of war, first unnitimgr the country ulder oe ead. Km||'^ l; liam'll 'a 'ais lite al:raitble for mlilitair genius a0(d adlin;istrative ability. Tme lawvaiiisl" fr itties xw';'ee te IIle' filt oltersa kim(,\iixx tiIi 1to a r. el'it;L1r ix;ing: nor expectinlg q(I1rtter. Ilheir hIistory is fulil of alventture, 'war and roanolmmce. KaiMlehiame.ll loailmltalined his kiiigdomioi in pec'(e imntil 1tis deathl i 89 i g, a11id tlie drnllasty founded by him conltilinued as rulers of the coulltr\y uilitil I874, wi henl by popular electionl thie late Kiing Kalakaua came to tlhe throne. Tri miSjt 9, Kanle-ainehia I I abohlished the systeim of tabus, and decreed the destruction of the termlple anI d idols. HIe -was sustained Lx' tahe H-igh Prie sti fxewtwllhewa, and within a few weeks, idols, temples, altars, and a priesthrood xwhich had held prinice and subject i-1 awe for cwnlmtnries, were sxwept away, leavinlg the people iwithout a religionl an evelnt for xxwhich history offers no paraltel. The A-m nierican nlissioilaries arrive(d shortly after, antd howx a heathen nattioin waxrs witllin a few years coinverted to Christianity is a m rastter of hlistory. Unlder the guidance of the missionaries the lan'uage was reduced to writing, a conlstitution and laws.'crated, elducation was tli'de comll)pulsory. e inependence the Kimlngdom was recognized by tle great powers, a11id within fifty i ears a contitry of the most advanced civilization was evolved from barbarislm. 6 .iAIAMIAEA ATE QEAT, [r H: NAPOLEON OF THE PACIFIC ' /;'f {c) 'il/'fovb Iis _work bI, ':NI of; thle chief ornaniients of l-loiulnlun is tle bronze K|.j/ statti of Kamelhaneha I, b the scul'ptor, (;:'id, whliclh...... stands iin front of the Goverinent buildi. I It is a worthy inle;niorial of the gIreat chlief, whlo broug:4h'lt all tlet islands under one strong gov~ 11 unchanged, a;tt(d cVC-e atta ck (o Il(o olir,Mai Ias relclled. At lengtht- in 17S2, after an interval of seven ears, stlips ^(r^ ble-gail xi])(nt it to visit he isla'ids, alld a brlisk trade- sprang: u1!, Fromii tlic- first. Kam]ehiaimchia shotved -i's Slltui fo-esiglt ~'-"" ' - atndl sagac1ity' by li^iS pFoiicy towiard-s ftorcigictlerIs. -11 protected thei fro'm' the treache r' of K aian; a-Ind othler cli:efS, and gr adu al~...I. lv, built up a reputatioii for good faith, hospitality anld fa'ir (caling 'k: ":'' whiicli secured llii the friendship of white men, and a lion's shlare of tlheir trad-e. I1n tlii-s wayx lie canme in.to possession of-a number of iusklc:s, as xwell as soule field-pieces, and what was mnore, had the fait"hllfu scr- xices and advice of John Young and Isaac Davis. A t T; A '4I j '4 1111 ', ' 44 '4 4f'T t l tiw' fi, 41i c li:4 w ar te n 4: 4 4' * 1 t o ' b l o 4 4 ) ' a '(:; i l ') atEt -,.\,11 -'.'Kahekin li.,~,Ea- _~s forces r~,So<)ii yl e tin 1' ^ '/ ' 1 VanI.IS~coiver' three9 visitss toe~Fl~l\ th~.! 4 *^ '4 4. 4history, and 1 m m ernorv w l l '14' 4 4 4 s rd ' i r i b m m 1 - 1 1' ' e 1 ^ 1 ' and rar'eijs nsc'ini plants,~~~4 ' ' ^ 1 ^ ' 1. * powder. lie irnmed 44il4,1/ ' '1 ^ 1, wll~~~~~l~l lit: hi id a Hmal4l44 ~r:A)t hxu~ll c~ n-Il.li 44 a sca-44 h 4 o 444 hi: i.! fc -ie v 4' 4 4 4 1 r:: i Ib:i 4ind 4-the I di o,e er, 'sa~~at~i.)1? advic 444tg'r 4444 iiieiit ol ins king lai~ored to imp~ 4 4 41i c i 444 4 %~l.~ I v I~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1M:l kill cin l 7 - a1d Kahkd dld R- 3 -aiiikiipiileeiiga~ed in suicidal wa:."F in s6~i~~.l winch.Kao t n.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~" a~~~~~~~~~~~j ~ ~:l a hot.!:,s- i4r cnf bd: I:qEt. K l1."r 11 o 4l1 '' 'is'~ d 4ecep< 'ai.:t: 1i' '4: '!: I':i11:1 '.r Ii'ii 4x r:. 4hsl i: tl' l:~"irl iv i 41..; ' i:. 41. ii' 1 eovt.:riinieiit. He d%~ividedi;k -~all: the land inf the~4 k~ingdom aniors I 4: haracti ri: nd1>~il:::' > was::?ee <>a1:<,,',<,, 414:: i ':.' t4les4 1 4! 1;]~:l::< I<>~fr::4.cz.:tt:: ci:':~f I:;ist.::c~ }~i"l.: 'f l': is:7::5, []:fc:a.: <:iaa'eli;' 141 -slld lo 4 '~nai 44t, 4a >44 41~io 4 o retna 4n hast '4 4444awai 41 '41 s '41 4 the~ las 1 f 444 s w14441 s 1 4.41' 44 44r4s41 44 r i ' a44 t'44 144444 1,4. 414 444114 444 t14'he is:.lioi,:::ii, as~ th'e o:ld' sayi::: lias i:, 'te 4ol e' 4, <:1:d'1444- 1 44I! ' MI 4, 4:4 S ) 4 41 1a', li' ' u ' ',1 ~(4 Iliu >lir4 1he4 4 4 reie j J f '4 lie li 4 mad va: ' 4441rI a 4u4s 44 1I1 Kp of A a.4 tter psl e a < t iilw i c11 14 off1 '44 i <"1 44,4i 4i4l d "v (ie 41d 41 a 4s, aId 1ade ai' 4 a 4 c4 414 44 1 to1 144 i a t4 4( 14 44 ii>n h wd 4 44 714ai4' 4 d ka Vn, 44I t 4 44 1 ii ii] 18141 a114 44 a4 t 144 '1. 4a 4 iiiii 144s 11 tl M a14 84 ~, ',4o:ri:':4 t!his< t~ime: te< >:!-:: l trade w::::- hii 41 a < t: ca, (N,4 4 1 1 4 1'., 4 < i4l4 114 ~.11 4 4 tabus, and tlex;:l:: strictest: 'rItci ltm l:,:ir:':l chaa:::<: hlt is s:on t to) do te sace.. < i sa: s forqade th: sa'a '1rif e 4 14 1 s 4:': n 14 Tit 1 1 s i 1 ' 44til:':j4444 <.4i 1 41i't~~: '"::..:' 44.414::2 4::: 41 ~ i 4 ~t'1~ 4: 4 JT::, 4 4:!.': % 1:: 44444 44 ,OOK1 U U ' * AN INCIDENT OF THE CONQUEST OF OAHU BY KAMEHAMEHA I. It was less than a week after the decisive battle of Nuualnt, when a royal Hookuptl was proclaimed in honlor of the collqueror, Kamehameha. (A Hookupu is the presentation, at a given time, of gifts by all the people to a chief.) During te preceding fortnight Kamnehameha had appeared off Waikiki in his fleet of war canoes. A few days had been iimpatiently spent in waiting for Kaiana to join him with the rest of the arimy, but the latter had treacherously deserted and united his forces with those of Kalanikupule, king of Oahu. Upon learning of this, Kamehaimeha had promptly marche(l against the enemy in Nuuanu Valley and had fought the battle which permatnently affected the destinies of the Hawaiian Islands. The enemy bravely contested the battle to the last, and on the very edge of the appalling precipice of the Pali, with Lanihuli's fair summit smiling down upon them from toward the setting sun, and Konahuanui, grim and stern, with its story, clou-s cp liffs standing guard on the other hand, thesweet homeand t of Koolau beneath and behind them, with their thatched huts in sight and the blue sea beyond, where but the other day had rode in sportive rivalry the untamed surf steeds of the great ocean, they gave their lives in heroic combat to the lost cause, many of them being hurled headlong over the precipice to the jagged rocks hundreds of feet below. During the inactivity of Kainmeihaha's troops before the battle, Hakuole, one of his officers, a young chief and a fighter of renown, had met Leilehua, a Waikiki girl, the daughter of a chief of considerable rank. Leilehua was beautiful, with a lithe and tropical grace, and fHakuole, with his torrid nature, had imnpetuously fallen in love with her at sight, and nightly hovering about her house told his love through the strident notes of the Ukeke, in the musical dialect understood by all Hawaiian lovers. His devotion, however, brought him no response by night or recognition by day, though the friend of Leilehua began to notice in her a carefully disguised interest in the movements of the young warrior chief. At length the army was on the march again and Hakuole had to do his part in the battle of Nuuanu, through which he passed without serious injury. The Hookupu was a grand affair. The Oahu people saw that Kamehameha was master of the situation and that submission to the terrible conqueror, upon whose whim now depended their lives and property, was the politic course, the whole population thronged to the Hookupu at the appointed day, every one bringing some gift, which was laid down before the king until the pile grew beyond all precedent. 10 Princss Kiulai, NATIONAL PALACE, HONOLULU. uill Home f, Aged Haain Governmen ulding. QUEEN LILIUJOKALENI i ta i:. A. I;. I i m 4i Jo ( T the height of the bustle of the coming and going, an old man was seen approaching leading a girl by the hand a fair, transparent skin, and hair of a tawny hue that showed here and there a shimmer of gold, which fell over her shoulders to her knees in crisp, heavy masses. She had soft, hazel brown eyes and was dressed in a skirt of yellow kapa, marked in black with a zigzag design, reaching from her waist to her knees; on her head she wore a wreath of yellow oo feathers and at her wrists bracelets '/ _t 7' of shells, while on her breast rested an ivory Niho Palaoa, suspended from her neck by the mystic \i \ three hundred braids of human hair. A moment she stood there alone in the midst of the great "'7\"" _^- concourse of people, her eyes downcast and wet with tears and the warm blood manteling her - ^ face and bosom, and then dropping to her knees she hid her face in her hands. It was Leilehua. Her hard hearted old father had hoped to retrieve his fortune by this conspicuous devotion to his new master. Hakuole was in a most tumultuous state of mind over the situati-on, and acting entirely on the impulse of the moment, deserted his position as one of the king's personal attendants, walked rapidly around to where the damsel was crouched in her forlorn and pathetic attitude, and taking her by the hand assisted her to rise and led her away. This daring act of interference and familiarity with a womllan sacred to the great Kamlehalmeha was commented on with grave concern by the people present. The king was mulch irritated, but after a few moments thotught, divining somTewhat of the true state of affairs he sent for the offender, who appeared before him in a state of deep dejection. " It seems you are tired of being a soldier," said the king. Hakuole groveled still lower, but shook his head in vigorous denial of so humiliating a charge. ''And you prefer the society of women to that of your comrades in arms." Then addressing an officer, he said, '"Bring this tribute girl here." Leilehua was led into the august presence, whereupon Hakuole furtively raised his head and looked around and seeing Leilehua, recovered something of his natural manner. Kamehalmehalha then said, "Listen! This is your punishment: You are suspended from your official rank for thirteen moons. Take this girl and retire to her father's estates which I give to her children forever. Go!" The king allowed the radiant Leilehua to kiss his hand d then the happy couple backed out of the royal presence in the most approved style in a tumult of feeling that can better be imagined than described. I I — %tar~j - "~ - f CGDK'3 1, )OVRY o'r- t lAWA IAN IjLANb5ts/,'t' if'A: t:e,. '{ / v l rt/ is'// / 'h.~ ^ E O!.HSK ' I t "!d \d.f the fslani.:,, tlhe iSlandf4a l7 I E I: 1I'\ '11 1 I; l:la a I t -l w.:re acciddellt:ily discl v red T by C ptt Co k t7 i 77. j's it th:t t lt h I tis a ifjt. I i 'f i '. i::' surret lde(r', v'liicht will helpl. llerir:lc s kto lt etll ll r tle d t. t was i c'i al ' f t1 " l 1ititl a1d tle i ")3iscoverv ", of the Blritis! Rlxpl.oring xI;l etdition, o) 1 1's wa fto the Society stlinl t Alat.sk. ()i the o8th of iJan'.lar e sl ghtet )Ali3 a(' ndEl K ai, latdit' at Wairulnea on t1le 2ot-:, atl I d led silefrom Ni for tlhe Ilo:rthl oi1 Fei )utl-al 211dt. I Tie w nllterfl ews ofii t X he straOlfIlers lsnd thluei 'r ships r tI tr-outgh tle gol n p j) V et re siip afitt l -.rl 0 i, wt' ci '' l )r catled flanet:l. alld smollke. Ttheir sh)ips wer ' islanti(s whicl bellch(t. tthuudter;a!d l iglhtli gI. TI lleir co-, tmmanmder waVs iione othller t:an a r- -itcar I ation of the great god, Loiio, one of the diviie Triad of Suprelm:e Gods. Kn", Ku. and I one> %.f ()1! On(ilelo(i Nov' 30, afte.ti tenll l monti s Cab)senci tley touched at Waillua, on N afnii, x'ere tlieh fnamous chiif, KI eaniel t a t Ia', boarded tlbe I' R'.solution,1 l14'.tillg t l n alo g HXLwXLaii, C(ook was ovr a. i lonlt inl allkinlg tie circuit i It Xa;. not tu til J'tlualy 1,, 779, t t e a lst ldrolp d his ac11C'(11o il the f.ated b1acv o(f nt l i K alakIekuat escortted b a. tIhol ls l tatoit s, '' i w't U iti 1,'01 w ippig 1 pIe:lade \it, o s, f'wIs, sw t ' X C potatoes', v a s bread t f'ruit, tar to i ':ad sur-c a- c t 'f:r t ei: r l ean atid t1il r visitor. i h iteei davs of fstivitis followedi in w ich al ttI e recsol''rceso of: t4 e cu c 'tri y were tax Ad to fee',d ' tand s1ti'iate tlie wondeifuIl go(d and lis crewPs. Cook,was loaded with divine hoo.rs, c'iducted to Lonro's g'iret iciau I or teimplle writh itll Cer a i s eril elt:s, tl Cii c n tl o pe.l, p1 i l.ostrat:i t tlheI lvet s be fore i lhii. All were at iS serevice, f-rom tlie rt l t1aa,,opin to his lovest stlject.. 1 2 :~i:::~"i~i ~~i~~i ~~~~~~~;;i~;l;;;i~~;;~;li'' PI : ""t`.r a i~ 51" 1 i'l"" s 8; " -i- F1 e r s I ii~iu~~; rT~;"~8u:::r~:i~;:E ii ITfRIVA7E IIAF711I, -(ONC)LVLU. A Vv'ii"JE F)AtFu3 I T ET U5 AATCH fA LITTLE F TME LO CAL rOLORINQ The writer was orn and spentt xel.vel years of childhood near the plIace. It was nearly sixty years ago, and less ti;anl t.alt tife afte the ev-e1t, wheii gre:t lnulmbers of witnesses of it still sur- ^S/, vived, I knew intii:atte I a notle, wh ite-haired ladyl, with face writnkled like morocco, who savw.... Cook killed. In those early Eida s clotlhes were nmitters of display rather than of propriety. A few -v 'K,-ears earlier iy V mother was one molllning tartleld by te entlance of a bevy of royal princesses andl their datmsels,:for a morlinlg's call, fresh drieppinlgt from the surf,. in all their native charms, Thhe maids carried the k,'wLis wherewith to decorate the ladies after they got dry. It miay be conceived what a "beach-comber's paradise" H-Tawaii xwas. We dwelt on tle arid lIav-sh-res of Kona, below7 the towering (donl of fuialcai, fro 1 whose pcmn stides htad fro-: ci etury to centt-ry gutlSI ba flooId of lava, buildingr out the coast into thie sea. SoSme of these i)road rock floods seelmed( still freshl as of y esterday. Inlan d where it raied they were clothed with verdure.. The frio it of ( lor ilo home loked out t the sea, between the da rk, talln, sinluou ste ns of cocoa-palms, wo.exv: i lt i g yellowx fr ods s; a eid far a;ilot in tite cooling sea breeze. Froml sewald i oti ally swelled long ilatt i itis o t ig ailit /5 1(1 | rollers, rearing trie ir green crystal frotlls, as x ithl combitg nrtes tthey cilargrd shgl rexvards, to) dashl in towceringi lft ' spray upoay n bpla ck1 llav' p oints, or to s-weep tip the whie shell santlds of tlie coves. IDow)l the rionts of thlese swift, C comblIlers ro!e every lhour scolrecs of ilen, itwoIen and children, crouchiin, lIing. 0 r even standing upon tiicir 2 to ~ sshootilg surf boards, thleir browna skinis gleaimin in the ssie aid tli l u L Tilose swa rming crowds of g(entlec, gay, alf-naked natives have lalost disappeartd froltni thosle!tiit 'ailets aoiing the c oast 1Their cl anly, nlicely matteit gras.ii cottages, like smooth ha-stalcks, a-e a l i see. Sprlce, white hloses oAt f S.lttle fir now dot the shores, withil Ihee and thleal-e ta neat little curchl on la rise (of grolid, TliI great double canoes with the flashilg paddle blades of a score of rili m ie av g.\il ei plaxce to sloops and 'le w bat ali e oats. lusty brown frames, once girlt onil withl a i;nv)il,n saIitler i '.' store clothesi and ape the ha/ 's a sill fions, till ail of victr ove.r ilFmilille xuiberalce. OO00K and his lusty, reckless tars caught the people in their primitive simplicity. They revelled in their opportunity. \Worshippcd as a god, the commiander grew more and more overbearing. He set up an observatory near hiis telnple and colinvezrted a sacred platform into a sail-loft. The sacred palisades of this /hiam lhe transported to his ship foir fire wood, violating all the religious instincts of the people. In return for the king's profilse presents of fruit, vegetables and hogs —the excess of which he salted down-and his rich gifts of feather mantles and helinets, Ihe gave a few hatchets and knives. A most ungracious and penurious deity, indeed. On Feb-ruary 4th lhe sailed away, loaded down with fresh gifts, but leaving the people doubtful a-ndl alienated. A gale sprung the Resolution's foremast and after a week lie returned to port. The people received him sullenly. The king was away. The injured mast was sent ashore, tlle carpenters were set to work, the priests remainling friendly and tab)ooing the workmlenl and their tools. Kalaniopuu returned on the i 2th HIe was no less loyal or liberal towards the strangers than before. But trouble soon arose with the people, throughl their discontent and the violent conduct of the whites. This culminated ill the stealing of a pinnace, for the sake of its iron fastenings. Cook became fuiriously enraged. He stationedl boats to blockade the bay, with orders to shoot aly natives persisting in crossing it. He himself lanlded with a force of marites, in order to possess hinmself of the king's person, and take him on board his sihip until satisfaction was made. Cook went to the king's house, and prevailed upon him to come. As he led him unwillingly, by the hands, hundreds of chiefs and people thronged the path to the boat, protesting. At that juncture word came that a prominent chief had beenl slhot by one of the patrol boats. This infuriated the people. Cook then shot dead a warrior who hit him with a stone, and struck with his sword a chief, who closed with him. In his struYggles Cook uttered a groan. The people exclaimed "He groans! He is not a god! " and instantly slew him. He fell with his face in the water. A severe fight ensued between the marines and the crowd, with lmuch loss of life on both sides. The ship fired on the town. Cook's body was dragged away, some of the flesh burned, and bones used as charms. Portions of limbs were subsequently restored to his shiplmates. / 3^ ~ His heart was devoured by mistake by certain children. There was no cannibalism in Hawaii. So perished the great explorer, victim of his own unbridled imperiousness. On the 22d the ships sailed for the last time, the natives having sued for peace, with genuine sorrow for the sad event. i4 n-E QREAT VoLCANO or iILAUEA;~' -" IAiJL/M/O 1 THE INFERNO OF THE WORLb:. WRITTEN ESPECIALLY FOR THIS WORK BY WILLIAM T. BRIGHAM. In the southeast part of the Island of Hawaii is the volcano of Kilauea, in many respects the most remarkabhle volcano in the world; not only because it is the largest active crater, but because even in those rare intervals when the imolten lava is ixnvisible, the wonderful mechanism of the volcano nmay be closely inspected. We may stand in the midst of this terrible mountain builder and look upon the forces which have fashioned the crust of this earth. And when the lavas are welling up from their cisterns in the bowels of the earth, surging in the pits of Halemaumau, spreading in black, ropy streams over the main bed of the crater, or dancing in frenzied delight at ttheir escape from the dungeons of Pluto, not alone. s:-:" '''::'.' -' the child of Hawaii can see the divinities of more than mortal power.5:, ^ in tle home of Pele, but the man who is not moved with awe as well as wonder in the- presence of these " rock consuming fires, ' lighted by no mortal hand, is less than half a man. 15 / ass by the gratn Haleakala (the dwelling of the sun) whose vast but silent crater would almost V hold Vesuvius; Maluna Kea, whose cinder cones and sunmmnit lake, fd firom the snows that imtuch of tle yealr mlatle the upper slopes, are of great interest; Mauna:lnalalai, a wose sunnit is crowNned Uwith maly pit craters and cones, but whose fires have beexn invisible.siice tearly inl this centtturl 'assing also NMatuna 1,oa, the migihtiest if not loftiest oftiest f awaiian volcanoes, whose fires.re only 'banked" and come far doxwn on the southeast slopes of this last giant to a vast pit bet weenI seven and eighlt miles in girth alnd varying betwxeent seven iandI twelve hundred feet in depth, xwhic h seelms to the casual observer no more than a lateral orifice of Mauna Loa. flHowever the traveler approaches Kilauea, were he not warned of its existence and on the alert to spy it out, it would -reak upon him in unexpected suddenness. He might come from Hilo and clinmb four thousand feet vithout apprecialting the elevation, pass through luxuriant forests and at last cone abruptly through green fields upon the very brink of the crater. Or on the other side he might ascend no steeper path fron Kau and in the midst of dry and gravelly desert come as unexpectedly upon the crater. No tremblling of the grounds no clash or roar betokens the near presence of this mighty monster. Standing on the brink of the vast ampllitheater, whxose massive walls are seamled with ilany an eartlhquake, xwhose floor is covered with frozen stone which glistens in the sunlight, while far in the dis tance rises the Tmysterious smnoke, the travel er does not live who cares to knlow no more of what is before hinl. A longing to know the past and the causes of the mystery struggles within him. XXh ile the records of Vesuvius go back twetnty centuries, those of Kilauea lbarel cover (a hundred years, and beyond this all nIust be inference. In imagination we lay strip off the lavas which Mauniia 1oa has poured against the sides of his neighbor and ve have a mountain as high as Vesuvius blut of more than twice its diamreter (twenty mfiles). If it stood alone it would be nearly as prominent as the cone wh.ich guards the bay of Napldes. Matna Loa, perhaps the grandest dome in the world, nearly 4,o0oo feet high, has a slope f o only seven degrees, whichl is about that of Kilauea.:6 8~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~>t o enmR: A T Ad A. k x GLIMPSES OFR IH GREA VOLC0 ANO, J 0LAUEA. i~~~~~~~4iill~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~l~~~~~~~ 4' H E foundations of Kilauea are laid deep beneath the surface of the sea, but to illustrate its formation we may suppose a mouth in upper air communicating with some internal source of lava around which successive outflows of molten m atter have built up layer upon layer of a solid material. The cooling of successive overflows, the action being intermittent, forms a wall around the mouth or crater, and so raises the lava column until the walls are no longer able to withstand the pressure, when they give way and the lava escapes to some lower level by the rent. When the lava stops flowing, at the end of a so-called eruption, the rent is closed by the cooling lava and the growing mountain may be stronger than before at that place. This mountain-building may be readily seen on the slopes of Loa, where the flows may be traced on every side. When by this process of overflow the mountain had reached its present height of about 4,000 feet, this breaking action became the rule and for centuries the height has not increased by overflows from the rim of the crater, the volcano expending all its energies in increasing its bulk on the lower slopes or below the sea, and so strengthening its crater walls that successive eruptions have risen to a greater height before bursting out, and if this action continues the overflow from the crater will be resumed in the not distant future. But let us look back a hundred years instead of speculating upon a very uncertain future. Probably for years-it may be centuries-Kilauea had been quiescent, when in I789 took place a paroxysmal eruption quite similar to that from Vesuvius, which destroyed Herculaneum and Pompeii in '79. We may fairly suppose that Kilauea had been long quiet when Keoua led his army from Hilo to Kau to battle with Kamehameha the Great. As they approached the crater by night a terrific eruption took place " throwing flame, cinders, and even heavy stones to a great distance." To the terrors from below were added electrical disturbances in the air, and the frightened soldiers dared not proceed. On the following two nights the disturbances continued and the army decided to move on; but hardly had the van reached the southwest edge of the crater, when " the ground began to shake and rock beneath their feet and it became quite impossible to stand." A black cloud rose from the crater amid flashes of lightning and the roll of thunder, spreading like night over the whole region. The blue and red lights from the pit below, and the blinding lightning from the Em^ black pall above showed too clearly the sand and rock fragments that, thrown high in heaven, came *| -4 +c showering down upon the army, burning to death and otherwise maiming. The main body of the army +I was wholly destroyed by steam or heated vapors, but not buried in sand nor injured by falling stones, and as the outburst slackened the rear body passed in safety, leaving unburied the bodies of their comrades. 17 i' J.:,.,d'' I.,:,'.,; ^,11 TK @ t_ ~,! $, t^ (jx 7~i, ~'}. ' -lt.s 'a1 regio. 1Th s depo ts ar jn e thick t,te so1uth'.......... ian ieit } K il -'ta 1uea,~: t. -. IS'i.; 4 4 4 i. s ' eig$l-Rit c'.r t4j * 4i4i; t4i4. ith als 4f te jsti4s -I. T l' i t4 ' p4i4, \:e iviii. af1.er~~ a, lo ' sleep, repeated is ~ 6 1 the a wak.:.i~'~~ig f,i7 caii's-i!~ t'he dea. th of"Ii'~ 1 000. ~: peo:le, but Kilauea lias ot for te psas Xt ce:it'irv exiii;jitd any siic'l violenen a. a 44 K4 )'4 74 pit44 e ied b I s ra a Ihe 444'Nt a t "B a L g i i - o e 4 F,' dd ti- ' vo.m ae wit s l 3g. l F florid ' 'ava 4 4w( s ol 444 4i '44 444 ' '4ow 44i >l4, 4 44444 444 44,X 4. U k 'gd i4 Fr v,. I, F 4t T-1Tf,ig. 4 'f '\- r f X idt f g g 4>y s if'kf t F Pl r j f 1 ' 4-4 i '1 '4 4 X> 1 N 4 _, 4,.~o: 'nr.-~{'~* ~R'}ra ~Ea~c~~ RRY4-?% ql Si'a l i.... IN~a c var I 2 e T"L, T `,i~~~~~~~~... q.tflu %s NT~?~ 1 -")~ ~ ~ ~~~k. ~q~ I'{~ I. (~1 ~I tlk 'v,;n ~~~,, "._%CC.l. ~R 1 A' of i t aals aers 44j " '01 foud'4 tl4e 44( rr::,dqF %'tids 3. a, k.7SE & g 4,4 s 4 a si t4; rise 4 4' t 0.* 0 2 t, % ~ i y e l sen;n':f; t t 4 4 J; 4 - y ta L * a1-c i4 ' I 41.44 4'atior where4J Lor ' f f.the t4 1 4a4ter 4 w4 4 mt as s.: el 4t' M. I. di a 4es "'twelve or twr44t 4 \ is eth' u4sti.ng lapva or 44 lt g ited 4 4g t 4 de 4a 3rt 'f 6V o' 44.a f. 4'4ii 4y4 44o4 4es, alli'i~ g4 4 t,,e 'a44 i4 bhe.a t ac l e, ort 1i. a 4 Als 4; g c 44, a 4 a4 4 It~ ( yIt A Ax!",r a li i- 'F. -l f;,, c, 4444 te tle a f e 4 4a4n sI 4 4 o slit 4 4) 44~ 'i, l i ';40 d;et jfl l is tile low plW t;69t atfn whichX> SX seprt es tg 6 g K Xil a from *- Ki ar teaii, b J t I ib t 3 T 0 l; S t ^g2z, ~a-wcco4rd>' in; a,,g t < - R v, J sep.-t l,;' (}__ ~dA"f G L I M PS S OF TH E VOLC~ n~l Wt t~ u EAR A;LONG TH E VOLCANO R~t En * 6 *I I-I -: hit;,E the xNork of KilalUa is Iprincipally intietig ithil eresti it its te that of Illiuna loi is t ost I:: / tl > notewxorthy, oil its ulltert slope s An account of the various eruptions of the larger ill:Olultain woruld *t| -/; takle uts be yonid the li soits of this pap a thse, tereted should con-ultlt the larger x work of I)aa:i ' " but ta enumitieration of the eruptions may be gi en Of tlhese tie earliest recordeld took iiacC'e i 832. anld flowed four -weeks. In t843 the sennmit crater Mokuaxxaweoweo -roke oit autd the lavai floxw:-e fn * o k to a distance of perhaps twe 8 t -five miless ifro the crater. In Augtst, r5, a sliglt eruption caine f it0 alt a tos fet a tloussant -t belowi the Stinmit and floxwed aborit tell iles, porilng out o nly about r O0,( ilo,00)) cehie xbic s of -liva. SiN ionithls later camie anotielr cruption.t tis tite ninch miore imporltant, axs tthe stre ait flowed sole- tIi hirt mie tIthrll-Iu.li thl: forest towards Hilo. On Auutst: 1 855, caie anotiher outlreakl wh.ichl fiwe fi.t ftee na mlonths anld rteacleid W itliil five mtiles (of Iilo. In I5g t i tlllise flow camie idoo\x, et.veeit Ke and l:aalali -enacing tile sea at \rinanali.i makinl - the distance of thirty three miles in leiglt days. It conitinued. fior ten months. In 1 8,6 canlie at teruption att inded xwithl severe eartlhquakest A fountain of lava was t1lrotnl, to thle heigt of t1hosand feet, and the lava ra il at the rate of tTe to txweit-xfive- mil es an hour. The eruptionl lasted only five days. In 173-4. the Stliumn.it crater was. 'very active, lbt ino flt:i!ppieared durlli — the eigl ttiteen months tlle fires wevre visible from the shore. During tl tle three foll (wing yars gll disila-s swer sI e il oi, the sutl lit, unlatte idedi It fl,ows. On May, 1( r88to, the sulllit crater thlrew up a jet of lava ntearl.y a tlhou1sanid feet, btUt eoint'1titn fd ' otxly-i. iewt dals. Frol Nfe'xi-er 5o. 1f88 tr A.gtSt tO, t 81t, o1Ste 'of the mightiest euptions tecor totook pl;lace. T'ilree st-reoaols tloxve-d t,I tlhe-satne soure. - land the nt-ai one rlle ae withini tlhrete-,qua rters of a ltile fo-rom Eilo. Il 1 88 7 a srmall falowh caime t ihroughll K;.an. (tilt x t l-o -f tle 1i t t Se eSupttions Si ( 1i8 a1ld 1i8i7) haxve been attdced wixxth. eaCliltlqltllake-1-.'. T'lie Haiwaiian x olc.anoes be long to tthe ltasaltic class andi froli the ecxtrellie fnisibilitl of their laas gi\-e risie ti c iriI forins. Thel ' Pele's hair" is- a glassy thread, spun out:,) proje cted tdrops of lava. Thle "limu.a" - or fioth is co(rt ytposed of cells with1 the thinnest possi.ble partitions. Tthe "t Paiahoehc " or smloott lav:a, ofteln alssulimes rcpe forIns an1Il strange wrinkles, wht iie the "Aa i is of rentlarkalte roughness. Very fte-w lrlinterals besidcs n.ilphr ae foutinn ato1lig thle htaxaiian lavas asnd l there is but a snall suppll'y ft this. TIhe-' It: orei solid varteietis of clinkstone xxere used by the Ilawaiilans i thie 111tietfaclture of adzheS 21 / 71 Ieer n of Jele e ADAPTED FROM THE " LEGENDS AND MYTHS OF HAWAII " BY WILLIAM R. CASTLE. /HE legendry of Hawaii is rich and varied, and many are the stories of gods, goddesses, fairies, and imps "? who assumed at will the human form or became invisible. Among these tales those concerning Pele are numerous and interesting. t Pele is the Fire Goddess of Hawaii. She is represented in the mythological story as a beautiful 13 ~ ~woman, perfect in form and feature. Her hair was long and wavy and hung in graceful tresses over beautiful shoulders; but the face and eyes bespoke the goddess. A queenly dignity forbade too great familiarity with the bewitching beauty of her form and the seductive tones of her voice. For many years Pele dwelt at various places on the different islands, and many are the tales of her battles with other gods, notably Kamapuaa, a god half hog; of the repeated defeats by water gods, by whom her fires were extinguished and she driven from place to place, until she finally established herself in the great volcano of Kilauea, where she maintains herself to this day, defying gods and men, and holding her court in the fiery chasms beneath the floor of the crater. 22 ;~~~~~saga ~ ~ ~ ~ Sc. h i.... r. ii~'R "r~iaa lrEl rr~llW *, S S '' W ' ' N. 1E.1 MxW~~ll l Hffll ~i,j, jj.,jj jjnu~ j X ''j,~ljjjjj..~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i....i; l.E jj'.... 1 lj, Ijc.l.'',jjj, j jjxlj j~~~t?.Ix;.a -.'....'...IC -.C-2;25grX~~~~~~~~~j,,jE"'l:.i_ 0021SE g l I I- l |I * iii~ * l|l* L~~~fi~~~~f I~ I~.1i 1 || ll _+ 1i1 ~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ lsrrr~ * 111~ f8;..l0 l l ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1111 I * 1 -~iia.. m___, _;:r 1|11~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1~~ - _ 11 __ _ _ _ | ~rl~~~~- - _ __ _-;,~~~~~~ ~9i: _l" _; ** Ig~~~i;~ _ * _ __ _ E 'R;I ~ ~ ~ ~ - _ _ __ i ~E:;1~~~ _E, _~~; _ _ Z Z * i - rw s _ 1 w ili i _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~rr~~i Bi 11 _ |! _ - g _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.~~.. _ S___~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Il~ HE E Ht AtX NgAR nn1 Rl~i;11a E~~~~~~~~~~~~~~s:; Sfd u A,,,.: AS, iI L~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ THE FOLLOWING IS A TYPICAL TALE OF PELE: i ANY years ago Kahawale was the prince of Puna. He was famled far and wide for his skill in all athletic games and sports. During the feast of Lono, great crowds were gathered to witness a M ANY\ Holua contest, at which the prince was one of the principal contestants. (The Holua consists in riding, lying flat on the stomach, on a long, narrow sled-papa-upon a prepared way down a long and steep hill. It was a favorite amusement among the Hawaiians.) The first competitors were Kahawale and Ahua, who was noted for his skill in riding the papa. They climbed the long hill and prepared to race down, when a beautiful young woman stepped from behind some ferns and challenged the prince to race with her. Surprised and contemptuous, he ordered Ahua to give his sled to her, and they started down the long descent. The girl rode her sled with consummate skill, but as they started she lost her balance for a moment, and in the brief time required to regain it, lost the race. Kahawale was greeted with exultant cheers, but the girl frowned and her eyes flashed fire. Saying nothing, she imperiously pointed to the top of the hill, and they remounted. As they were about to start again, she suddenly asked to exchange sleds, claiming that his was the best. "Why should we exchage ou are nothinge to me! he replied contemptuously, and throwing himself upon his sled dashed down the hill. At the foot he turned to look for his competitor, but was horrified to see a broad stream of burning lava pursuing him. Upon its foremost hissing wave sat the Goddess Pele, no longer disguised, thunder beneath her feet, lightning flashing froni her flaming tresses, with fury pursuing him. Seeingl that the whole assemblage were already buried beneath the awful torrent, he turned and fled. Swift of foot he soon reached the ocean, sprang into a canoe and paddled away; but not without being scorched with Pele's; hot breath, for she followed fast after, and hurled a cloud of red hot stones after him, which fell hissing and splash-. ing around his frail bark. -I.. t: S The Hawaiian believes this tale, and points with convincing gesture - to the long, smooth slide of black glistening lava where Pele rushed after the prince down the Ala Holua, and to the maze of rocks just off the sea coast, where the surges of the ocean roar and break into Y milk white foam. Yes, it mnust be true! 23 JJ AW AII PAST A PRE5ENT cv..... /'p:ciatll a,,'ri//en fi; / ifs 7,1rk /'i G:e 'rl.'. (/'.:1'ti/uoz,. RECKENT v-isit to the Hawliiia isla11'Ids:, aftter ian llab eice of lmanlly years ll(d a inti illate acquain(tance with the is!alldst of thirty yearls.ag, Ias sutLggested inl vivid conltrast the old1 and the lnew HaI-vaii. Thlirty years ago tihe Sandwich Islalnder served a1 the schoollmaster's illustration of the typical s:avage. To-day HI:awaSii stands inl the front line of nlinletteeltt centltry civilizati)on, withl a public seltool, judt icial ndsyste-ii m, anld with educational facilities equL led inl but few coui nltries inl tlhe world. Thirty years ago Hlawaii vwas a "sleepy holllow" under a notmilall.ly collstitutional, but really se lii-p atriatal government, the king lhaving absol'ute veto power over legtislatio. o To-day tlhe islatllds are arlouse( to al textraordinary iindustrial energy. A bloodless revolution lhas miad e the mlo.arcl a nominall andt th.e Ilinistry thel real:'ve-ning power, rwho represent the p)op lar wvill of conl)ined I aHa waiia ls, Alglo-S axonls, hlalf-breeds and P1 ortullguese the first n:lmeln beilg inl the majority, tlie second Iam:ed beinlg practically dominiant. The stbility of th tehrone, the f, siuccession to whichl is very scant, dlepends on its support of good governlent whlich the inlreasilng ilnportance of the islands and espec'ially tlhe growth of foreign wealth mlakes imperative. The IHawaiian government lhas the lmost ldifficutlt social anld political hle l s to d eal with, and in tle limited area of this little kingdoml they become si t;ii-le a ld yet itltense, malla king tlhe study of theL of the greatesitinterest. In 186o the islands were comml:ercially of little accIount. T1heir principal expo rt was a few thious riand tIons of sugar; their lmain. source of intcome liad been, the furnishing of supplies to whale ih;lips; tlheir fo'reign cfm1imer1 e ian( ilmail was carried lby a f-w sailinixg vessels; their inter-islanid trade was carried on by little scl'homelrs. In 1i8go thie fore ign c tmmerce of Hawaii exceeded t)20,00 0,())000, a nd tlt exports from Soln 'lran1llCisco t:o -awaii were greater than to any other Pacific conltry, and exceeded only by h'er exports to Great i r a fin e flepo et of sailing vr ssel s ii an twenty-two stea t ers. er IIl L86o there were no railroads. In t1 89o tlhere tare three publiic roads, besides a score of plaItations each operating from tell to thirty mtliles of track. 24 w~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~............ SOME PRIVATE RESIDENCES, HONOLULU. IHH^ HIRTY years ago Honolulu was an inconsiderable provincial town, with wooden buildings, dirt roads, no street lights, no street railways, no hacks, and of limited society. To-day it is a prosperous city of twenty-three thousand inhabitants, with well-kept public buildings; the business portion of the town of stone and brick; with miles of macadamized streets; lighted by electricity; fifteen miles of street railway; thirteen hundred telephones; three hundred hacks; a refined, cultivated, cosmopolitan society. The greatest change, however, has been in the number and character of population. This has been caused primarily by the growth of the sugar interest, which has brought the total up to 95,ooo souls, one-third larger than in I860. The demand for labor caused an increase of Chinese from about 5,000 in i86o to 20,000 in 1884-by restrictive legislation reduced to I5jooo in 1890. The Japanese, numbering 164 six years ago, now number over 20,000. The Portuguese, numbering but a few hundred in i880, now number nearly 9,00ooo. The American, English, and German have slowly increased to 4,500, while Hawaiian, born of foreign parents, have increased from about I,ooo in I884 to 7,500 in I890. The half-caste element has increased to 6,ooo, over fifty per cent in six years, while the pure natives have decreased from about 6o,oo000 to less than 35,000; they are now dying out at the rate of two per cent a year. The Portuguese are the best foreign laboring class, as they bring their families, work hard, buy land, build homes and multiply. They become voters and identify themselves with the country. The Asiatics, chiefly from sea port towns, bring but few women with them-a low class at that; they come mostly under labor contracts and usually return home when they have made money. They are prohibited by the constitution from voting. The fast growing half-castes are influential, socially and politically, and as a rule more intelligent and capable than the native Hawaiians. N I I 25 -HE VALUE IS EJTIMATEb AT F1 PRIVATE oooo ooo PK^vAT^ $4000,000. [ROFERTY Of this over $30,000,000 is invested in the sugar industry. The enorlmotiu prc)po11ndrance( of the Amlerican element in the country is shown by the fact that the estimated value of all property owned by native Hawaiians is not over $3,000,000, while Americanls own $25,000,000 invested in sugar alone. Havinlg lost thie advantage of free sugar in America, Hawaii is entering upon a period of general dcvelopment; the raising of coffee, htiana.nas, pineapples and other fruits, which caln be put into the California markets two lmonths. ahlead of local crops. Tourist trav-el is rapidly increasing, for nowhere in the world-is there grander or more attractive scenery, the finest of which is the great Volcano of Kilauea. The loftiest island mountain peaks in the world are here, access to them is being made easy )beyond parallel. Whatever mistakes may have beeni made in the past, the government is to-day conducted on honest and clean principles, and the news Qu een: appears to have taken her stand on the sice of right. Justice is assured to all; the meanest voter is unhindered at the polls. The future population of Hawaii, of which the children of Chinamien and Hawaiian womnein will t n211 important and excellent element, will be a mixed one. The color line is not drawn, and harmoiny prevails between the races in business, school, and society. Americans are by far the strongest element in the country, holding ifcur-fifths of Hawaiian wealth, nine-tenths of her foreign commerce, and carrying in their ships eight-tenths of her freights. The Hawaiian Islands have, by their strategic position, the positive control of the commerce of the North Pacific ocean, to be enormously increased when the Nicaragua Canal shall be completed. It is vital to the United States, in view of this great development, to establish the closest relations with Hawaii, and to improve the magnificent harbor of Pearl River, which the government has secured by treaty. In no: one way can this so well be done as by the establishmlent of telegraphic communlication. In no otther way, short of actual annexation, can United States influence be better established, while Hawaii's continued prosp:erity depencls directly upon the most intiimate colercial union with the United States of Amlerica. 26 4 i~~7 (B A RVT AD OOUU / I:::7i mIN ANLb AROUNbF o 2HO1 /'NO f ULU V /l 7'f -"':; QQN(:)1 TlUl is the capital city of Hawaii. It is situated on the south side of the I1.lan f Oahlu, atd is the principal seaport of the country. A brief exainatiot of the ma/ Un* ifterial facts concerning the city shows that its population is 23,0o.. Thle lusiness portion is wel l built with brick and stone buildings. Almos t without xception residences ":,-:\ - -_ an:.. fare of wood. It has sixty-seven mi les of streets and drives, about txventy miles of which -' —?-:_..:......^ are macadanlized with crushed lava rock. Fifteen miles of street railway. Is lighted iby \. ~: -^ "-. electric light. Does busine ss and gossips, over 1,300 telephones. Has a State Prison Public -Insane Asylum, Public Hospital, Old Folks' Home and Public library. A finely equipped Y. M. C. A building. Churches, first-class private sclhools, a good public school system, all children under fourteen being collpelled to attend school. A goodl Xwater works system, and a fire department equipped with the latet steam fire engines. One of the features which attracts the attention of a stranger, is the large yard and lawns, and the profusion of flowers and palnis around eaci house. Honolulu is es- sentially a city of homes, tenement ihouses beilig unknown. ' "i 27 HE Government Buildings and the National Palace are two striking buildings, each standing in a large enclosure, surrounded by well kept lawns, trees, and flowers. The Palace is occupied by the Queen, who owns several fine private residences. a iHe~y'~ ~The society of Honolulu is cosmopolitan, refined and educated, g~',* i~'-~. ~alike devoted to good works and having a good time. Another thing that will attract attention is the good roads about the city. Excellent drives extend to Kapiolani Park and Waikiki, the favorite seaside resort, four miles from town. The park contains several hundred acres of well laid out grounds, with fine drives overhung by algaroba and ironwood trees. Other beautiful drives i~-,> " are up Manoa Valley, a large valley extending several miles back into the mountain just east of the;iy city; through Nunanu Valley, six miles to the Pali-the Great Precipice 1,200 feet above sea level, J I the scene of Kamehameha's last great battle and one of the grandest views on earth; to Moanalua, four miles west of the town; and to the top of Punch Bowl Hill. The "Punchbowl" is a cir-,, cular hill, 498 feet high, reaching abruptly out from the foot-hills back of Honolulu, with the i | town and its outskirts nestling around its foot. Situated as the hill is, in the center of the 4' town, the view from the top is unsurpassed. The whole country from Pearl River to Diamond Aw Head lies spread out like a map. w/7 In the immediate foreground lies the city, with its luxuriant foliage, looking like a carefully kept garden. In the middle distance lie the rice fields of Waikiki, backed by a feathery fringe of cocoanuts; the continuous line of white surf from Diamond Head to Barber's Point; the varying tints of ocean, from blue to green and gray, along the coast line, showing distinctly all the channels through the reef; the rice fields and taro patches of Palama; and the immense shallow lagoons around Moanalua, and the Pearl River Lochs. 28 I N THE DISTANCE... frame for as beautiful a picture as the eve) of man can rest upon. The " Punch Bowl" drive is one of the imost fascinating in tlhe town. Another object of interest is the " Bishop Museum ' situated at tlhe Kamehameha School. It is a handsome building of cut lava rock, and contains the best collection of Hawaiianl curios in existence. It is being extended to include the curios of the other Islands of the Pacific. I A trip which all visitors should take is over thle railroad nineteen miles to Pearl River and the E14w+a suigar plantation. The road runs through miles of rice and banana plantations, and the Ewa plantation is one of the best equipped on the Islands, giving an excellent illustration of the methods of cultivation and manufacture of sugar. A three or four days trip around the island, returning by way of the Pali, is a delightful excursion over the best of carriage roads, through most magnificent mountain scenery. A description of Honolulu would never be complete without a reference to the "Hawaiian Band,' a military band of thirty odd pieces, composed entirely of native Iawaiians, led by a German musician, and mainainined by the Government. The band plays several times each week, and compares favorably with high class organizations of a similar character in other countries. 29 A**IM 2 EAb* ** BY MRS. E, L, DILLINGHPM /,' 5. " We watch thy stern unchanging brow, and know No secrets of the past wilt thou bestow; Thy history too drear light speech to wake, And memories too sad to silence break. kE know not when primeval fires upheaved Amidst the Western Sea, thy rugged forn, 0, Dia-lmond Head; \We know not what the mighty force that tore Thee from the perfect calm and tideless deptl Of ocean's bed. Did chaos reign in wildest, fiercest mood? Did darknes s still upon the waters brood? With fervent heat was firnmament ablaze? Had time itself been portioned into days? 5 Dear Diamond Head. Long centuries have failed to aught efface The keenest anguish from thy fire-seamned face, That reach from summit to the circling plain; No clinging verdure smoothes the lines of pain; But 'neath thy settled, steady frown, we see The smile of constant, life-long sympathy. 6 Grand Diamond Head. Though heart of fire to ashes long has turned, And cold and gray the brow where frenzy burned, The morning's loveliest dawn, the noontide's light, The sunset's changing hues, so heavenly bright, Upon thee fall in thousand dyes, and lo! Responsive, all thy form with radiance glows. 3 'Midst crash of elements and thund'rous roar Of molten matter surging wild and high Thou first saw light. The lightning's flame played hotly round thy head, And floods of fiery rain thy crude form bathed By day and night. Of chaos thou wast truly then a part, Thy breast the seat whence lurid fires did dart; Thou filled'st the heavens with angry, sulphurous breath That wrapped all nature's dawning life in death. 4 Old Diamond Head, We measure not in years thy raging youth, E'er out of tumult, from a mass uncouth, Thy furrowed form reclined its massive length, At nenae with arth. content in rock-bound strength. 7 True Iiamond Head. A faithful sentinel, long watch hast kept, while ocean raged or waters peaceful slept. A "diamoad in the rough," thy headland stands, set round with emerald palms and silver sands. Thy "wreath of fire" through ages gone, refined the dross and all false jewels there irtwined, And now the lustre by "Leahi" shed, all coming time shall note pure I)iamond head. "IL i- k IV 1+1kl %us, y Diamond Head is the most striking and individual feature of the landscape surrounding Honolulu. It is an extinct volcanic crater extending out into the ocean, lying four miles east of the city, and is 750 feet high. Its western face presents a clear cut, majestic appearance, resembling a sleeping lion. 30 NERgm Na —" VOCNORUT TEMRS IAOD ED I .........-LIFE AT W IKIKII Aspecially vi/whilln for this workL by I/RS' G. G..ANDRE' ItS. ET me give you a day at this place of leaping, dancing, springing water, for that the native namne signifies. Xz L~ r!As one steps out from the seaside cottage for the early bath, what a soft sheen and shimmler of light enfolds one like a garment. The sun is rising over the mountain tops, throwing the tall, old cocoa palms into fine relief against the sky. In the background are the mountains. Travellers may recall Switzerland when among the heights of Oahu, but the Alps are as far removed from these in luxury of colors, as the Equator from the Poles. The beach stretches a wide crescent, one tip pointed by the great red crag of Diamond Head, dark in shadow, the othler by the Wa ianae range, veiled in showy tints of opal into which the fire light is now creeping, as the sun touches it more and more. When we go to breakfast, how we relish the meal. From this we betake ourselves to the beach, in hammock or easy chair, under the trees. Now our Neptune has girded himself, and such a girdle! 'Tis made of the violet end of the rainbow, deepest purple and blues melting into one another, now royal purple, now navy blue. Within that a band of lapis-lazule, then aqua-marine, thet peacock green, malachite, graygreen, gray-blue, each tint as distinct and separate as a ribbon and shining with metallic lustre. World wide travelers tell us that nowhere else is this miracle in color tone to be found. Across the glory a native canoe glides past, manned by Hawaiians. But what are those sounds of screaming and laughter? We turn and see the water full of women, girls and children, inmates of those cottages which line the the shore. These people, so refined and cultured, are yet perfectly natural. When they are in the water they think of nothing but the delight of it. None of the posing, half-hearted dips of Nantasket bathers. They swim in every imaginable way. They float, they tread water, they dive, they plunge, and are so in love with it all, that an hour, sometimes two, passes before they can tear themselves away. A little later this same company forms a group under the trees. Some one steals in with a guitar, music fills the air. One or two fall asleep, the surf laps the shore, all is peace. After luncheon, those disposed take a siesta. The children, however, are not to be caught napping. Barefooted, bareheaded, in briefest of bathing suits, they are digging holes in the sand, rearing earthworks, going to sea in tubs, laughing and shouting as they tumble in and scramble out. 31 A/AIKIKI. VAI I{IKJ_ ---.... By HON. R, M I _-^^^^-~ ~Ex U S. Mirlj Tl HE cocoa, with its crest of spears, sThe c Stands sentry 'round the crescent shore, Is shadi \And algaroba, bent with years, And o Keeps watch beside the lanai door. 3 Of brow Thle cool winds fan the mango's cheek, Iyes irt, iThe myvnah flits from tree to tree, The stur And zephyrs to the roses speak Ald l) Their sweetest words at Waikiki. I n t ~.....": L Uke truant children of the deep Escaped behind a coral wall,.......'~:~~ ' ~ The lisping wavelets laugh and leap, E' '~1 -52^. Nor heed old ocean's stern recall. 2 All day they frolic with the sands,.^~^' " '~ ~ Kiss pink-lipped shells in wanton glee, Make windrows with their patting hands, ~( ^ /'~Wa~ ~l~ And singing sleep at Waikiki. DAGGETT, ister to Hawaii. losing curtain of the night ng down to gold the gray, n the reef the flaring light n-armed fisher, far away, red the waves that thunder by rdy bulwarks of the sea, )reaking into riplets, die ie breast of Waikiki. Now come wild echoes through the air, And shadow of a rugged face, With iron limbs and shoulders bare, The chieftain of a dusky race Whose hostile front, with lifted lance, And war-proas flecking all the sea, Sweep thro' the palms with bold advance Along the shores of Waikiki. And all unchecked in martial course By menace or the spear of foe, The misty columns move in force, lTheir chieftain leading as they go. Up, up Nuuanu's rocky bed, Till, looking down through clouds, they see The beetling front of Diamond Head And silver sands at Waikiki. On, on! The foe has reached the verge. And o'er the Pali's awful side, With shout and stroke and battle-surge 6 Is poured a shrieking human tide. Then all is still; the work is done. And thus the shadows come to me When twilight clouds, kissed by the sun, Have bronzed the shores of Waikiki. O Waikiki! 0 scene of peace! 0 home of beauty and of dreams! No haven in the isles of Greece Can chord the harp to sweeter themes; For houris haunt the broad lanais, While scented zephyrs cool the lea, And looking down from sunset skies The angels smile on Waikiki. Waikiki is a suburb of Honolulu, bordering the ocean, and lying around the base of Diamond Head. 32 r~~~~~~~""i;~ ~ ~ '1~~~~~~~~~.;~6~i"l-,i;,BRil~C~ 4;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~a~ COC(ANUI C~UWEAl HE HME E PGACEE A~iA NVr2ck W I 1h m AtOf WT la rt I l i^ mi~r:Mil. ^ 5 LL9 WI LU La M CASL ALEA Sr AMU~to N H~La~ Aw L h Ay uOAV '~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I ME siik God?7mfftiN?ts? *I'at:4:1 Allthe s LAL' ILL lIII Iba' aa.b t a 'Th dit. cold aisaa~a LIIt La Lb at aba blast ub15 Id aaf a P %: ~ ' 't *i Oft * a ^S fr) rAi ilg aa La Ald 62il29 ad M!!L. 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Vdgir TV 16; 10 FE 7 E 75I;.J H [ ILO has tle reputation of rain eight days a week and five weeks in a month, but it is not true, and there are few places on the islands where the fine days are more beautiful, or where tropical verdure is richer or more varied. Kona, on the west coast of Hawaii, has a climate unequalled anywhere for all pulmonary troubles. It is so healthy that it is a common saying that people never die-they finally dry up and blow away. This is wrong in that gales are suggested. Gales never blow there. During the sunny hours of the day a gentle sea breeze fans all nature; at night cool zephyrs steal down from the far off snowy mountains. Waikiki is Honolulul's favorite resort. For several miles the coast is lined with villas and less pretending cottages. At all hours of the day or evening bathers splash in the surf along the white sand beach. Moonlight bathing parties are a feature of island life. No one considers the question of winter or summer. Winter in these isles of peaceful quiet only means that when the sun has gone south, the trade winds are broken and a little more rain. But the climate is not monotonous. All of the islands are high. On Hawaii the mountains soar to the region of perpetual snow. High table lands, covered with a park-like verdure, or vast sweeps of lava sand, afford an almost arctic temperature, while the lower slopes and reaches of the mountains are delightfully cool. Within a few miles of Honolulu one can get any variety of climate desired, with the most picturesque and beautiful scenery. Standing on the verge of "Tantalus,' 2,000 feet above the sea, only three niles from Honolulu, the cheek is fanned with a cold wind from the northeast. Far off is the rich blue sea expanding to a boundless horizon. At one's feet lies the plain dotted with houses, gardens, groves of trees, rice and banana plantations, while nearer at hand the mountain ridges sweep away, billows of verdure. In the shade of the forest and in its open, grassy glades, a delightfully cool air tempts one to vigorous sports or rugged climbing, while the knowledge of absolute security from snakes and all other noxious reptiles or wild animals leads to utter freedom of action. Perhaps the best tribute to the perfect climate of lovely Hawaii, is the fact that those who have once made the Islands their home rarely fail to return if they move away to reside elsewhere. 34 HAY\'AIJ AS) A +IV A LT H /I IiSO F "a.... l:, //., Uv//hr ' /; /, '..:, /,' )If, L, /)A; t,,,' 4 4 'IE,1d, doctor, what s.hall I do)' "Mr. Brown, von have been in busiieess for years, have taklen 110 rla-xatio1 and 1now nature will have her revenge. oni must lea l l work, visit a mildt climaIlte, 1and rI (st body, soul and mind for six monlths at leasti. "ery well: I will spend the Awinter in Florida." " N(o;: to miuch n U laa-i and too many cold northers for your scnsative throat." 'Souttlern California, thetn? That is bletter, but ever there rare cold, raw days. Thle Ilawlaiianl Islands a.re thle place for o. Only tw-re da(Is 1o.1 New York, in a palace car overland, and a filnely appointed steanmer from San I rancisco, ad tl you are in Honolulu, nwhrl \onu \will find all the comlforts and luxuries of home. A temllerature never to cool for liglt railment in winter, alld ieerrl too hot for somlle covering at night. Fiven duringi the rainy monl0tlhs, there is rarely a (day when seve-ral h'ours cannot be spent out of doors. Pouring sliowers drench the earth at night, and dturiig inilter, by day, tbut in an hoiri aftr it liall ceased, walking- is pleasant. The scenetry ab.out Honolulu is uniqu ely beautiful: mountain aind valleyx just back of the cit\ aIre cl)tlithl with forests, vary-inl ini exquisite tints of verduire. Srmooth roads in every direction allow of unlimited ex — ercise by c.arriage o r o orseback. As health and strenlgth and ambition return, the ride arounld Oaliu, alll trips to thle great Volcanlo: to HIilo, thie lovely gar-den village of Hawaii; to Maui and it; de:rad volcall tetl thousanld feet above tlle sea, -witlh resting places on its slope whert almost any11 limate mav be f ound )ii (oI r mmland, will occupy the time for weeks. Malaria, the bugbear of so malyll tropical cll1lmates, is al nllmost m ulkunllEown in HJa'' iii n'i. PY. Ki(WN iI y-t j:,) iT1 T 1H1E A(CtO NT N A u i' r 1 1 l l-1 tl ii t; ti.l: IluilI'd:, ii I ii hT ltcn (')c iticivii Il -11111 t i t' l..lt I V f t c 1>S O t 111 1,II I'-X t 1i B I 1, Ilt i B t ' ii s i I] I:r, w eks passi, wil, ' 1re i: ir ili. t. I id-.WcIt::i.l ind, oll. cn1il ]ara.tivc`lv: na ll sie,:. tll~ air is o:f nK'..~siIF clir:3d wvith, sa:l v:p:r;'d: h)id, v:t wr;rrlv is 'it sultry r plpressive. Slr:i iJ5: r,: Iea vc," redl ^' (wa::p. I) h pun,'of' thie,:dr,:vl~iJl has adlmol'st tlt: qulli0i fu,. d on mountain tops. Ihe v"icx' in "li at', 41~*~r I~ V 1~~ . i" ~ '.o'.,,.The group numbers eight inhabited NWoHAT THEY ARE, Oc - isands, with an area of 6740 square WHERE THEY ARE,,S~ e* - miles, or 500 square miles larger i/Whatles~ the~rep is to A see~, New mSn A at pthat the combined area of Connecticut and Rhode Island. The five and how to get there. C Principal islands are, Hawaii, from LOCA TION: which the group is named, with an "The Islands" are near the middle of the area of 42IO square miles; Maui, Nuorth Pacific Ocean, 21 north of the Equa- 760 sq. m.; Oahu, 600 sq. m.; Kauai, tor; 2100 miles from San Francisco; 3810 590 sq. m.; Molokai, 270 sq. m. miles from Auckland, New Zealand; 4484 miles from Sidney, Australia; Honolulu, the Capital city, containing 23,000 in3440 miles from Yokahama, Japan; 4800 miles from Hong Kong, China; habitants, and situated on a fine harbor, ten miles dis4250 miles from the Nicarauga Canal. taut from Pearl Harbor, is located on Oahu. Consists of one or more mountains seamed with valleys and gorges, with rolling plains lying between EACH the mountains, and generally fringed with a more or less level belt along the sea shore. Some portions of ISLAND the coasts are protected by barrier reefs of coral, while others are sheer precipices rising out of blue water to an elevation of thousands of feet. FORM OF GOVERNMENT: The Government is a Limited Constitutional Monarchy, the present Sovereign being Queen Liliuokalani. The Constitution contains the guaranty of protection to life, liberty and property; freedom of the press; religious liberty, and so forth, usually found in the Constitutions of the United States. Executive power is vested in four Ministers, who are appointed by the Sovereign. They hold office subject to the approval of, and can be removed, only upon a vote of want of confidence by the Legislature. The Legislature consists of two bodies of twenty-four members each, the "Nobles" and the "Representatives,' who sit together forming one House. The qualifications of electors of Representatives are ability to read and write, and the payment of $5 personal taxes. Qualifications of Noble electors are the same, plus an annual income of $6o00. The Ministers are ex-officio members of the Legislature. The Legislature meets once in two years. 38 1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~6 F~ DATE PAMAEUEQENS OPTL PUU HNLL ~ EVENUE, CQMMERQE AMd FINANCES The current receipts of the Government for the biennial period ending March 3 st, 1890, were $2,817,000. The excess of current receipts over current expenditures was $145,000. During the same period there was borrowed the suml of $579,000, which was spent on public improveiments Interest paid is fronm 4,1 to 6 per cent. The public debt, onl March 3rst, 189o. was $2,599,000. The revenue is derived fron import duties, a few being specific, and a general advalorumnl duty of io per cent; a direct tax of i per cent on all real and personal estate (bonds, notes and mortgages are not taxed); licenses and stamps. The value of imports from foreign countries during 1890go was $6,962,200. The exports during the same year were valued at $13,282,729, making the total foreign commerce for 1890 $20,244,930, or over $225 for ( each inhabitant of the country. This record is believed to surpass that of any other country in the world. Over 92 per cent of the total foreign trade during 1890 was with the United States. Practically all the exports were to, and 75 per cent of the imports were from the United States, and 73 per cent of the foreign carrying trade was done by American vessels. POPULATION: The total population of the country, as shown by the official census of 1890 was 90,000, of which 34,436 were native aboriginees; 6, 80 half-castes; 15,301 Chinese; 12,360 Japanese; 8,602 Portuguese; 5,616 other foreigners. Up to July, I891, there was an addition of 5,500 Japanese imigrants. THE PRINCIPAL INDUSTRY Is the growth and manufacture of sugar cane into sugar. The amount exported during 89o0 was 130,000 tons. The amount of capital invested in sugar plantations in 1890 was $33,000,000, of which $24,664,000ooo belonged to Americans; $5,724,000 to British; $1,835,000 to Germans, and the remainder to other nationalities. The machinery and methods of cultivation are among the best known. Spreckelsville, on the island of Maui, is the largest sugar plantation in the world, its annual output being from 12,000 to 14,000 tons, the plowing all being done by steam plows and the cane being hauled to the mill by Baldwin locomotives over more thafi thirty miles of railroad. The other principal industries are the cultivation of rice, coffee, bananas, pineapples, and live stock. There are two iron foundries and machine shops, each employing over one hundred men. THE INTER-ISLAND Is carried on by a fleet of 22 steamers and 25 sailing vessels, nearly all of American COASTING TRADE build. Both the foreign and inter-island trade is growing rapidly. THE POSTAL FACILITIES Are good. Hawaii is a member of the Postal Union; has a domestic and foreign money order system; a foreign parcels post convention and a Postal Savings Bank. During the two years ending March 3Ist, 890, the Honolulu central Postoffice received and dispatched 1,757,971 letters; 1,399,o65 papers; sold 2,550.000 stamps; did a money order business of $2,064,000; the Postal Savings Bank deposits amounted to $909,6I3, due to 2,641 depositors. 39 \\lffi!\ 0t T) QET TO HAWAII AM WHAT IT C05T5 L.. \ "' % I ' 'Y 'VI * t, HJV 'I I )') I )) I Y () The IHawaiian Islands are only seven days from San Flrancisco(), and twelve days from New York., The Oceanic Steamship Company's 3,000O ton stamlers, Australia and Zealandia, I leave Sanl Francisco( for Honolulu and return, every other Tuesday. The ro'-ya1 mail steamiers. Alameda, Marip)osa, and Monowlxai, leave San lirancisco or N-ew Zealand and Australia, via Honolulu, once a month. The time occupied in a trip to Honolulu by the local steamer is: San Francisco to Honolulu, sevel days, remlaining in Honolulu seven days. Honolailu to San Francisco, sevcl days. IBy sto)iing ove one trip, a three weeks stay allows ample time to visit the volcano and other poillts of interest, at a total cost for the five weeks roundf trip not exceeding $22,5.,,:5*'^^f m; -,i,;!:!5!i FARES AND HOTEL RATES. - I — Oceanic steamnships-San Francisco to Honolulu, 75. Oceanic steamshti!::s —San Francisco to Honolulu and return, $125. ^...... ~;[>:.ri:i.-.Honolulu to Volcanll and return, incltudingl - all expelnses, t50 t)o So '>Q^m / [~'d'. Ho'rir.1 RxTrEs: IHonolulu, Hilo, Punaluu, and. Volcano House, 2. 50 to 4. (1 a (a v. Oahu Railroad: Round trip to Pearl River, Pearl City, and I-wa sugar plantation an11l return, 3S miles, 1.75- On Saturdays, 75 cents. J. I). Spreckels & Bros, 327 Market street, San Francisco, are agents of the Oceanic Steamship Co. A fleet of large, finely equipped sailing vessels, having- good passe(nger accominodtiatoI, runis regularly between San Francisco and Honolulu. Rates of passage: San Francisco. to Honolulu, $40; round trip, San Franicisco) to Honolullu and return, $65. The sailing time from San Francisco to Honolulu is from ten to eighteen days. Agents of sailing vessels: J. D. Spreckels & Bros., 327 Market street, San Francisco; Welch Co., California street, Sano Francisco; Williams, Dimond & Co., Market street, San Francisco. CURRENT PUBLICATIONS OF HONOLULU. The Friend; monthly; religiois and literary; in English. The Anglican Church Clhronicle; monthly religious; iln Engli.sh. The Par-adise of the Iltacific; literaryt monithly in l nglis The Hawaiian (Gazette; newspaper; weekly; in English. The Weekly 13Bulletin newspaper; weekly in Inglisth. The Hawaiian Chinese Nev.s: wveekly; in Ciniese. The l.tSo Ilawaiiano: newspaper; weekly; in Portuguese. The lele, (esscing er; niewst)apcr weekly; in En'glish and 1 lawaiian. The Kuokoa, (Independent); newspaper; weekly; in tawaiian. 'The Dailv Advertiser; daily; in Ingilish The Daily 'lulletin; daily in 1ln lisl. Ka leo o ka Lahui, (The Voice of the People); daily; in awaiian. Ka lolomua, (The Advance): daily; i ll waiian. Ko Hawaii tnie Aina, ('Tlhe tlawaiian Nati oi idaily i i awaiiat Thrum's Hawaiian Almanac and Annual; annual; statistical and historical. ' rThe aTourist's (uid thiroughi the llawaiian Islands, l)y 1. 'I. MWlitney( Any of the current publications, and such books on the Islands as are not out of print, includingl the tIIawaiian (;uide Book, a very comtileute xwork. can be obtained of Thomas G(. Thrum, or the tHawaiian News Comtpany, m Hontolulu, iI. I. 40 i. l -. g g l K W ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~-X~ w -X ~I X - \ "~"t;~hF ' ---:.Z~ w~~~~~~cr" ~I "S Z _ lO~ ci-E ' -~ oa TII _A-I Ft/Vi'B S K HE OAHU RAILWAY AND LAND CO. AND THE KILAUEA VOLCANO HOUSI CO. These two companies have only recently come into existence, but are destined to exert a strong influence in the future development of Hawaii. THE OAHU RAILWAY AND LAND COMPANY Was incorporated in i888. It has now a well equipped rock-ballasted railroad from Honolulu to Pearl River and the Ewa Plantation, a distance of 19 miles, which is to be immediately extended to Waianae, 15 miles further, and will eventually go around the Island. The Coimpany controls some 70,00oo acres of valuable land, upon which, since its formation, there have been started two sugar plantations, which will harvest their first crop this year, with a cash capital investment of about $2,000,000. The Company has "created" a town-Pearl City, with a complete system of water works, a picnic ground with large dancing pavilion, lighted with electricity, and is laying out upon a peninsula, extending out into the Pearl River Lagoon, a summer and winter pleasure and health resort that will becomle world famous. The Company owns ranch property on which there are some ten thousand head of cattle, and thousands of acres of rich land suitable for fruit culture, which it is offering for settlement. 41 ( THE KILAUEA VOLCANO HOUSE COMPANY I Is a creation of the year I89I, but it is a lusty infant. It has obtained the control of the land on which the Volcano of Kilauea is situated; has erected and comfortably furnished a handsome hotel at an elevation of 4,000 feet above the sea, on the very brink of the crater, at a point from which the active molten lava is visible; put in elegantly appointed baths in which natural sulphur steam is used; is constructing fifteen miles of drives to the adjacent craters and precipices, through the surrounding tropical jungles and fern tree forests; is also erecting well appointed stables. It has hotels at the two seaports of Punaluu and Hilo, from which the Volcano is visited, and a good equipment of both horses and carriages for transportation to the Volcano. From Punaluu the trip can now be made all the way-thirty miles-to the Volcano in a carriage. From Hilo the government is now building a thirty-mile macadamized carriage road, at a cost of about $3,000 a mile, through a. grand tropical forest, making one of the most magnificent drives in the world. The Company has completed arrangements with the local steamship companies by which coupon tickets are issued covering all expenses to the Volcano, allowing the holder fromn five to ten days on shore, which can be spent at any point desired, with stop over privileges, and return by either route. By taking a ticket up by one line and back by the other, the entire circuit of the island is made, and a great variety of scenery seen. Single route tickets to the Volcano are $50. Double route, $75 and $80. Round trip coupon tickets can be obtained of the Oceanic Steamship Company, covering all expenses to Honolulu and the Volcano, during an absence of five weeks from San Francisco, with stop-over privilege, for $225. Further information can be obtained from W. F. Sesser, St. Joseph, Michigan. Thomas Cook & Son, Tourist Agents, New York and Chicago. Raymond & Whitcomb, Tourist Agents, Boston. Oceanic Steamship Company, 327 Market Street, San Francisco. Oahu Railway and Land Company, Honolulu, H. I. Kilauea Volcano House Company, Honolulu, H. I. II/, -\- / 42 - -- ----!1 'It~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~' 43 C ONTENT5 * \J --- — Page.. 3. -~ 4. 5..-. 6. 7, 8, 9. 10, II. 12, 13, 14. 15, 18, 17, 20, 21. 22, 23. 24, 25, 26. 27, 28, 29. 30. 31. 32. 33, 34. 35, 36. 37. 3, 39, 40. 41, 42. 43. 44. Title. Prefatory.. The Charm of Hawaii...... y ark 7Tvain The Sunny Isles of Hawaii....... y. A.. Da.gge Waianae. (Poem)... y TZomeas Raitn Walker )rigin and Early History of the Hawaiian People... Kamehameha the Great, the Napoleon of the Pacific... IBy Pof. I.. -Jlecander A Hookupu: An Incident of the Conquest of Oahu by Kamlehamleha I. Cook's Discovery of the Hawaiian Islands...., Sereno E. B'ishop The Great Volcano of Kilauea: The Inferno of the World.. B'y Witllliam- T. rigram A Legend of Pele. Adapted from the "Legends and Myths of Hawaii". By Willitam A. ast/le Hawaii: Past and Present... y Gen. S. C. Armstrong In and Around Honolulu...... Iianond Head. (Poemi).... By Mrs,,. L. DiUlingham Life at Waikiki........ 1 / s. G. P. Antdreas Waikiki. (Poem)....... y on. R. 1. D)agtget The Climate of Hawaii....... B Williamt R. Castle Hawaii as a Health Resort..... By Dr. G. P. Andirews Lahaina. (Poem).... v Charles UWarren Sltoddard The Hawaiian Islands: Where they are, what they are, what there is to see, and how to get there. The Oahu Railway and Land Company, and The Kilauea Volcano House Company.. Map of the Hawaiian Islands. Table of Contents....a - - --— 7 - C _ -- ' --- —t-_.i ~ —"' ''d~ ~~'''' ~'.. 44 r ^! "' i 1.i ~ 1,.1. '.rl 1y:'..v"A; ^.,! *... ~ *1'. ~. *,' ~?1 1-.~ '' ~....... *.~ ~ ' * ~ ~' ";.-..-........ ~ '-, -,-'''1 te1 * r 1 '".. I I '"'!.~ " - ' ~ '~, W, '.-, *,!..!,!' J i ^ ^^^^^^^^ 1-'":. *-d:: 11'11.,:.,*,1- 1' '.. 1 _. '..... y ^ ^ ^^^ "*; '1 1^.-. /?.,.. '.* - -; 11-:;, 1- *1'; 1 %:,J. ^ftw ^:"^.-^.^;.^ /*'.^ 11 1,:\1 '1 '1^;;.,; i'-y /^I ^ ~i~.~ i; '. '\ L ^i ^^.. ^-^^,";::^ ~':.. 1.'; Y / ', 1 '., 1; I 1;,: ^ ^ I i I~ i i1,",, J,, i (~ 4..r 4 ~-. -,4 v, I i.t\1 I ' UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 115 I11 11 0 I 3 9015 03869 0965