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A- 1  SKE~TC H~ O~  RECN2 VN   T St
A SKETCH OF RECENT EVENTS,
BEING
A SHORT ACCOUNT OF THE EVENTS WHICH CULMINATED ON
JUNE 30, 1887, TOGETHER WITH A FULL REPORT


OF THE


\L


GREAT REFORM MEETING,
AND    I';*:
THE TWO CONSTITUTIONS IN PARALLEL
THE TWO CONSTITUTIONS IN PARALLEL COLUMNS.


HONOLULU:
PUBLISHED BY A. M. HEWETT.
XAWAAuN GASITTB Jb3iT.
1887.




116




0,- t,:S 1-c  rv.1 A.Ak
(
A RETROSPECT.
The origin of the events which had their culmination in the revolution
of July 1st, 1887, must be sought for in the Moreno episode of 1880.
The teterrima causa, of course, was the vicious and worthless Constitution of 1864; but, as the Hon. C. R. Bishop said in the now historical
meeting of June 30th, 1887, he had lived under it during the reign of
five Kings, and had not found out that it was a bad one until the last few
years, when it had been so thoroughly misused. We may, for the
moment, dismiss that, and concentrate our attention on the last eight
years, when it became patent to one designing mind how the " worthless
rag" of a Constitution might be used by an unscrupulous man for private
aggrandizement.
C. C. Mareno came here in 1880, with a scheme for a trans-Pacific
cable and a plan for a set of Chinese steamers, which were to touch here
on their way between San Francisco and the Flowery Kingdom. He
soon found his way to the ear of the King, and put before him some
dazzling schemes. Moreno was a keen politician, and made use of Mr.
W. M. Gibson, who was then leading the Opposition in the Legislature,
to further his views in thel House, and also learned Gibson's plans, some
of them, according to his story, very desperate ones, for acquiring power.
The Cabinet at that time consited of Messrs. S. G. Wilder, Interior; J.
M. Kapena, Foreign Affairs; Simon Kaai, Finance, and Edward Preston,
Attorney-General. An attempt was made to overthrow this Cabinet in
the legislature by a vote of want of confidence, but it was defeated, and
the session came to a close. Within a few hours after the prorogation the
Cabinet was summarily dismissed by the King, and cormmissions were
signed (August 14th) for John E. Bush, Interior; C. C. Moreno, Foreign
Affairs; Kaai, Finance, and Claude Jones, Attorney-General.  The
change called forth a perfect storm. A mass meeting was held, the
Diplomatic Corps intervened, and the most objectionable feature in the
Ministry, C. C. Moreno, was forced to resign, August 19th, and left for
San Francisco in the Ho Chung, a steamer belonging to the Chinese
Navigation Company. By September 27th, 1880, an entirely new Ministry was formed, with Messrs. W. L. Green, H. A. P. Carter, J. S.
Walker, and Mr. W. N. Armstrong joined them later as Attorney-General.
This was but an episode, but it showed what could be done. If a:




-4 -


stranger could drop, as it were, from the clouds, and do what Moreno had
done, why should not another, who was a resident here, do likewise?
The seed sown by Moreno took rapid hold in the mind of Gibson, and
from the moment of Moreno's fall, he resolved to work on the lines of the
wily Don.
It took some time to organize his scheme, but Gibson kept his aim
steadily in view. On May 19th, 1882, during the first weeks of the
Legislative session, the Green-Carter Ministry. resigned, and Gibson was
called to the head of affairs. iHis colleagues were Messrs. Simton Kaai,
Interior; J. E. Bush, Finance, and Edward Preston, Attorney-General.
From  1882 to June 30th, 1887, a system of gradual extension of royal
prerogatives, a using of the public funds for private ends, has steadily
gone on. The changes in the Cabinet have been so frequent that it
acquired the name of kaleidoscopic; but whatever change took place, one
central figure always remained, and that was W. Mi. Gibson. During his
career lie occupied every place in the Cabinet, and on one occasion he
filled three positions at the same time, viz.: Foreign Affairs, Interior and
the Attorney-Generalship.
The policy at first adopted was to play upon the King's vanity, and for
that purpose a gorgeous coronation pageant was arranged, which took
place February 14th, 1883. The bills incurred on that occasion were
enormous-how large has never yet been learned, but at the session of
1886 the outstanding accounts under tis head still tamunted to some
$20,000. The coronation, however, was but tlhe thin end of the wedge.
In every way that could add to the tinsil and glitter of the Kingdom,
money was spent.
It becamle very clear that to do this it was necessary to 'i hold " the
Legislature. To this end political heads were cliopped off in all directions, and tile places of the forllmer incumbents filled by men devoted to
the new regimse, without reference to their fitness for the positions.
Thlus Mr (Godfrey Brown was sunimarly ldismissed Iromi the Finance
Otlice and (Colonel Allen from the Collector-Generalhip of Customls, wllile
the Bo"rd of Educatioll, consisting 1f M3essrL..  It. 1Bishop, E. 0. Hall,
Godfrey Rhodes and J. Kawainui, were turned out in an insulting manner. Tie namie and influe:ice of the King were freely used in the elections, and tle Government candidates for election were chosen from
among the office-hlolders. In tle Legislature of 1884 an effort was mlade
to meet tle evil, but the Opposition was not united enough; it needed
that the governing powers should more plainly show their evil qualities
before all men would unite in a solid pihalanx against them.
Tlie Appropriation bill of 1884 far exceeded anly previous one. Money
was voted for many useless things; the expenses of tie Privy purse were
swelled; so was thle military vote, the vote for Foreign Missions, and,
throughout the wliole session and long after it, thie Spreckels' influence
was supreme. The following two years told the same tale of extrava



- 5 -


gince, only the Government were becoming more bold. Jobs of the most
flarant description were constantly being brought before the public,
thlough the press, and the Cabinet calmly smiled and asked the complainants what t.iey were going to do about it?
The leprosy question, also, hlad been growing into a crying evil.
Lepers were let free, either on the authority of Mr. Gibson or the King,
and these permits were used for political purposes. To quell tle feeling
in this direction, for it was growing serious, Dr. Arning, a specialist,
was sent for from Germany. lie came, instituted a set of valuable experiments, and then, proving only a scientific man and not a political
tool, was dismissed, under circumstances which are fresh in the minds of
all our readers. Debt, too, began to accumulate rapidly, and to bolster
their failing finances, loans were obtained from Mr. Spreckels.
For the Legislature of 1886 a gallant fight was -made to have a body of
men elected who would vote mIoney with some sense of its value. and
who should, in some degree, represent the capital and brains of tile
country. The effort was abortive. Every scandalous means was used to
secure a victory for tlie men in power. Bribery was employed, liquor
was allowed to run in a tide, promises of office were given, intimidaition
was resorted to, and in one district a numbler of soldiers were taken up to
outvote the Opposition candidate, while in another tlhe voting lists were
openly tampered with.
Withl a Legislature composed of such matterials, and obtained by such
means, it is not surprising that the right of free speech was cut off, and
that a reckless disregard for the rights of capital and brains reigned
supreme,
The session lasted from April 30th to October 16th-a period of 170
days. The results were an appropriation bill {of somewhat over four-anda-half millions of dollars, tile income of the country being' about two inillions. A loan bill was passed authorizilg tlle Goverlnment to lorrow
$2,00,()000 tle affair to be nlmanaged by a syndicate in London. A free
liquor bill ltlad been pa.ssed in tlhe Legiklature of 1884, and that of 1886
gave an oplium bill, which was so flllrame that bribery could be freely used
to obltaini tle license. The results of this bill will be seen later on. Then
there ^\as an armyy bill authorizing the expenditure of a very large sum
of 1moneiy, atnd creating generals, colonels, intelligence officers, and no
end of frippery. rTle buying a(nd fittilng out of a nitan-of-war was authorized, and tile vote for foreign missions was still further increased.  One
thing was made clear, during the session, and that was the Ministerial
view of the Constitution. In open delate the question was argued:
( Whlere lies, or should lie, the preponderating, the actual ruling power?"
Ole of tlhe Independent members maitntained ', in thle Legislature; " the
ilnistry held '' In the Crown; " and the latter theory was acted upon.
Great dissatisfaction was felt at the close of the Legislature; but
paatters were not so bad yet as to Cause all men to unite. W hat the




- 6 -


Government intended to do soon began to be developed. An embassy,
under charge of John E. Bush, was sent, at great expense, to Samoa. A
large sum of money was expended over festivities in honor of the King's
birthday. The Explorer (re-named the Kaimiloa)-a vessel totally unsuited for the purpose-was purchased by the Government for twenty
thousand dollars, and some $50,000 or $60,000 were expended in turning
her into a man of war. The crew was largely made up of boys from the
Reformatory School, and their conduct, together with that of some of the
officers, created a perfect scandal. On the evening before the day appointed for the sailing of the vesel, a mutiny broke out and several of the
officers were summarily dismissed. Meantime, money was very scarce,
the loan was bungled, and though the money had been subscribed in
England it was not forthcoming in Hawaii. The roads all over the group
were in a terrible condition; the harbor had not heen dredged for months,
no funds being forthcoming for the purpose; the landi ngs were neglected
and Government indebtedness was not liquidated.
So bad had things become that men set seriously to work to right them,
and early in tlhe present year a number of gentlemen in Honolulu and on
the other islands began to consider the best means for putting an end to
the then state of affairs, and placing the government of the country on a
basis wlich should for the future do away with the system of corruption
and fraud which had( ruled so long. For this purpose arlms were imported, and every preparation made beforehand. The organization' took
the name of the Hawaiian League, and had enrolled among its nmembers
some of the weightiest ien in the city.
The agitation was progressing favorably, when a weapon was put into
the hands of the patriotic party which served to unite the whole population as one man against the regime under which such iniquities could be
perpetrated.
WVe have spoken above of the opium law which was passed in the
LegiSlature 1886, and which had received the King's signature in spite
of the most vigorous protests from all classes of the comnmu nity. The
bill prov(tided that a license for the sale of opium, at the rate of $3),0()0
per annulm, should be given to whomsover the Minister of the Interior
might choose.
T'he facts in the matter, furnished on undeniable authority were published in the HAWAIIAN G(AZETTE of May 17th, and from that paper we
quote. The paper said:, tEarly in November, 1886, one Junius Kaae, heretofore conspicuous for
nothing except being La t  Palace hanger-on," (since promoted to the office
of Registrar of Deeds,) went to a Chinese rice planter named Aki, and
asked him if he (lid not want the opiulm license. A ki said lie did. Kaae
then informed him that he could help himt to get it; and that tle first
step necessary was to pay tile King the sumn of $60,000; but that he
muiut hurry up about it, because there were others trying to get the King




-7 -


to give it to them. After some discussion, Aki agreed to act upon Kaae's
suggestion. About the 6th of December, in the afternoon, $20,000 were
taken to the Palace in a basket. The King, seeing others around, told
the bearers to come in the evening. They came in the evening and met
the King, who directed them  to see Kaae. Kaae, being present, conferred with the King, and then went to the King's private office, and he
there received the $20,000, and put it in the King's private drawer. A
few days after, the King stated to the owner that he had received the
$20,000. Shortly after a check on the bank for $10,000 was handed to
the King personally. The same day Kaae returned it, saying that they
preferred coin to checks. The same evening the coin to that amount was
delivered to Kaae. A day or two later $30,000 in gold coin and certificates of deposit, in two baskets, were taken to the Palace and delivered,
together with a present of a little baked pig, to the King personally.
This completed the $30,000. Finding how easily $60,000 was made,
probably there were some qualms of conscience about letting the licence
go so cheap. Aki was therefore informed by Kaae that John S. Walker
was backing another Chinaman, and that unless $15,000 more was forthcoming, Walker's Chinaman would get the license. Aki reluctantly
raised the amount, and it was paid to the King personally."
Shortly after this, Aki heard that the license had been given to another
Chinese syndicate, at the head of which was Chun Lung.
The fact that he had lost his money and his license, nmade Aki tell, and
the whole circumstances were drawn up in a series of affidavits. On
MIay 31st the Gazette published Aki's affidavit, giving the matter more
fully in detail, and likewise exposed an illegal land transaction, in which
the Minister of Foreign Affair, W. N. Gibson, while Acting Minister of
Interior, had been engaged.
It had also transpired that the Minister of Interior, J. Aholo, had
drawn a sum of money out of the treasury, certifying that it was for the
work done on the continuation of Queen's street, when it was known, for
a fact, that no such work had been bone.
These publications created an immense sensation, and the entire press,
united in denouncing the venality and corruption of the Hawaiian
Government.   Preparations were made for holding a public meeting
on Monday, June 27th, but it was deemed advisable to postpone the
meeting till Thursday, June 30th. Early on Tuesday, June 28th, it was
rumored that the Ministry had resigned. This was found to be a fact.
During that day and the next the ex-Attorney-General made efforts to
get together a coalition Ministry, but without success, and on Thursday,
June 30th, the mass-meeting was held. The account of it, which appeared in the Gazette, is reproduced here corrected by the accounts pub.
lished in the Commercial Advertiser and Herald. It reads as follows:




- 8 -


THE GREAT MASS MEETING.
The most enthusiastic, largest and yet most orderly meeting ever held
in Honolulu took place on Thursday afternoon, June 30th. The meeting
had been advertised June 29th by posters in English, Hawaiian and
Portuguese, and long before the appointed hour, 2 p. n., the approaches
to the armory of the Honolulu Rifles, corner of Punchbowl and Beretania
streets, were thronged with crowds of people of all classes, hurrying to
the rendezvous. All the stores in town were closed by 1 p. m., and all
work on buildings or in machine shops was brought to a close. Passing
the Palace a considerable stir was noticed, and as the Gazette reporter
passed, a native with half a dozen rifles on his shoulder was proceeding
thither from the barracks.
Outside the armory the Honolulu Rifles, were drawn up under arms,
with fixed bayonets, and each man carrying fifty rounds of ammunition,
our citizens soldiers looked a fine body of men, " ready as one of the
speakers afterwards said in the meeting "t to defend their right or enforce them."
IN THE ARMORY
Seats had been arranged, and by two o'clock the building was filled in
every part, while a large crowd blocked up every opening. The platform
was placed on the mauka or land side of the building. On the table was
the Hawaiian flag, while at the back the flags of the United States and
Great Britain were intertwined, fit emblems of the Mother and Daughter
country standing shoulder to shoulder.
THOSE WHO WERE PRESENT.
The assemblage was thoroughly representative-Mechanics, Merchants,
Day-laborers, Planters, Professional men, all were there. Of nationalities
there were Americans, Britons, Colonials, Germans, Hawaiians, Portuguese, Chinese and Japanese. In numbers, a good many estimated the
crowd as being about 2,500. With but a few exceptions, all were animated by the same feelings, the same determination, to put an end, once
and for; all, upon the present iniquitous system of misrule and extravagance.
The following list of names was compiled by Mr. Dan Logan, of the
Herald, Dr. Emerson, and Mr. Alatau T. Atkinson, of the Gazette, and
though necessarily imperfect, will serve to show the material of which
the meeting was composed:
REPRESENTATIVE NAMES.
Jonathan Austin, Hon. W. F. Allen, Alatau T. Atkinson, J. B. Atherton, L. C. Ables, H. J. Agnew, L. Aseu, F. E. Atwater, W. Alexander,
Hon. C. R. Bishop, Major Benton, U. S. A., Hon. Cecil Brown, Godfrey
Brown, Frank Brown, V. P. A. Brewer, Rev. Dr. Beckwith, W. R.
Buchanan, P. Butler, J. E. Brown, J. Bushee, Rev. S. E. Bishop, Geo. C.
Beckley, A. J. Cartwright, Sr., H. W. Schmidt, R. J. Creighton, Hon.




- 9 -

John A. Cummins, James Campbell, I-on. W. R. Castle, G. P. Castle,
KIwong lHanrg Chenlg, Yuen (Chonllg, J.. 0. Carter, E. S. C(ulha, Lau Chong,
Robert Catton, C. K. Cooke,. C..)Damol, M. D)ickson, W. E. 11. Deverill,
J. A. Dower, J. Dowsett, Dr. N. B. Emerson, G. 1). Freeth, W. S. Forsyth,
Chas. Foster, (Maul), W. E. Foster, C. J. Fishel, Iron.. L. Green, I[.
F. Glade, Sir A. Gooch (England), Robert (Gay, R1. Jay Greene,    W.
Robinlson, R. Grieve, Capt. W. B. (Go(lfrey, Chr. Gertz, Frailk Gertz,
Walter Hill, A. Ioffinung (England), Julius 1Ioting, Major Hlills, C. Hlami
met, F. M. H11altch, W. W. Itall, W. L. lloloklahiki, C. W. lHart, Thos.
Huglies, W. E. HIerriek, Major A. 13. Ilayley, Ion(. P. Isenberg, A.
Jaeger, P. C. Jones, E. \V. Jor(lan, W. A. Kiinney, Geo. Kiml, A. Kraft,
Capt. J. King, Prince Albert Kunuiakea, M. LouissolR, 1R..  Laille, D.
Logan, I. R. RMacfarlane, E.. (. Maacfarlane, Fred. WX. Macfarlane, M.
Mclnerny, Rev. W. C. Mlerritt, Alex. IMcKibbin, Capt. Mist, t. N., IE.
Muller, Rev. Alex. Mlackintosh, Dr. J. S. lMcGrew, A. Marques, J. A.
McCandle-ss, M.. M. onsarrat, Dr. Robt. iMcKibbil, Captain Macaulay,
Jolhn Nott, P. Neumann, Rev. W. 13. S()tson, Hon.    ia. Parker, I. W.
Purvis, John It. Paty, W. C. Peacock, W.:I..Rice, Mark P. lobinsol,
Dr. C..  R. Rdgcrs, H. Rienenlschneider, 11. Renljes, Cap)t. Ros, L. F.
Stolz, Capt. larry S. Swlnton, J. 1I. Soper, S. Savidge, F. M. S"twanzy,
G. M. Stillman, Dr. Tucker, 11. S. Tregloan,l J. G. Tucker, T. G. T'hrumn
Fred Turril, HI. S. Townsend, R. von Trempsky, J. M. Vivas, J. T. Walterhousne, E1. M. Walshl, Wlln. C. Wilder,.J. Hay Wodehouse, II. M. Whiitney,
Henry Waterhouse, C. L. Wlite, J. A. Wilder, T. Rain Walker, G. L.
Wilcox, Rev. Geo. \VWallace, C. B. Wilson, R. N. Webster, Chief Engineer
Whittaker, U. S. A., A. S. Wilcox, A. Young.
At the lleporters table were Messrs. Daniel Logan, editor of the Daily
Herald, Walter }lill, editor of the Bulletin, Alatau T. Atkinson, editor of
the Gazette; Messrs. Taylor al(n Gilbert, of the 1P  C. Advertiser, Mr.
S. Kaaikaula, of the Pae Ainca, Mr. Ho Fon, of the COhinese News, and Mr.
F. J. Testa, of the JElele.
THE MEETING.
Shortly after the stroke of 2, HIon. S. B. Dole came on to the ilatform
and calling the meetinlg to order, nominated Mr. P. C. Jones as chairman.
The nomination was accepted unanimously and amid loud applause, the
genial gentlemian, who has presided over so many a social gathering, took
charge of tile most important meeting that has ever been known in
Hawaiilan history.
Mr. Jones, on ascending the platform, said: I feel honored at being
nominated chairman of this, the largest and most important meeting that
has ever assembled in tlis city. We h:ave assembled in a con.stitutional
manner, and propose to coln(luct it in a constitutional manner. We are
here for the purpose of asking for goo l government, a thing we have not
had, but which we earnestly desire.  We, representatives of all nations,
are assembled here and we can afford to conduct ourselves in a firm and




- 10 —


dignified manner, because we are firm and determined in what we ask.
(applause.)
A set of resolutions have been prepared which will be read to you by
Mr. L. A. Thurston and also a communication from the King which has
just been received by the Hon. C. R. Bishop. Then there will be short
speeches, as there are many speakers and the place is warm and we are
warmed up they will be limited to five minutes. We must make the
work short, sharp and decisive. (loud cheers.)
Hon. Lorrin Thurston apologised for appearing in uniform, but he had
been so ordered by his commanding officer, and he obeyed his orders.
He then read the following:
RESOLUTIONS.
We, the citizens, residents and tax-payers of Honolulu, acting, as we
firmly believe, in sympathy with and in behalf of all rightininded
citizens, residents and tax-payers of this Kingdom, and been assembled
in mass meeting in the city of Honolulu, on the 30th day of June, 1887,
do resolve as follows:
1-That the admninisteration of the Hawaiian Government has ceased,
through corruption and incomnpetence, to perform the functions and
afford the protection to personal and property rights, for which all Governments exist.
2-Tlhat while some of the evils of which we complain cannot be at
once adequately redressed, and their recurrence prevented, and many
others are incurable except by radical changes in the present constitution;
yet there are some evils which we feel mnust be remedied at once, before
a permanent reform movement can be inaugurated with any reasonable
prospect of success.
3 —Holding these views we request of the King:
First-That he shall at once and unconditionally dismiss his present
Cabinet from office, and we ask that he shal cll one of these persons,
viz: Williamn L. Green, Henry Waterhouse, Godfrey Brown or Mark P.
Robinson to assist him in selecting a new Cabinet, which shall be cornmitted l;o the policy of securing a new constitution.
Second-That Walter M. Gibson shall be at once dismissed from each
and every office held by him under the Government.
Third-In order, so tar as possible, to remove the stain now resting on
the throne, we request of the King that he shall cause immediate restitution to be made of the sum, to wit: Seventy-one tliousand dollars ($71,000), recently obtained by him in violation of law and of his oath of
office. under promise that the persons from whom the same was obtained
should receive the license to sell opium, as provided by statute of the
year 1886.
Fourth-Whereas, one Junius Kaae was implicated in the obtaining of
said seventy-one thousand dollars ($71,000), and has since been, and still
is, retained in office as Registrar of Conveyances, we request, as a safe



- 11 -


guard to the property interests of the country, that said Kaae be at once
dismissed from said office, and that the records of our land titles be placed
in hands of one in whose integrity the people can safely confide.
Fifth —That we request a specific pledge froml the King(1) That he will not in the future interfere either directly or indirectly
with the election of representatives.
(2) That he will not interfere with or attempt to unduly influence legislation or legislators.
(3) That he will not interfere with the constitutional administration of
his cabinet.
(4) That he will not use his official position or patronages for private
ends.
Resolved, That
Paul Isenberg, VW. W.  all, J. A. Kennedy, W. tI. Rice, Capt. Jas. A.
Killg, E. B. Tho)mas, H. C. Reed, John Vivas, W. F. A. Brewer, W. B.
Oleson, Cecil Brown, Capatain Joln Ross, J. B. Atherton,
Are herely appointed to present the foregoing resolutions and requests
to the King; and said Committee is hereby instructed to request of the
King that a t)ersonal answer to tlhe same be returned within twenty-four
hours of the time when the same are presented; and to further inform
the King that his neglect so to anlswer tlhe same within said time will be
construed as a refusal of tile sai(l requests.
Resolved, That said Commllittee, in case of the King's refusal to grant
said requests, or in case of his neglect to reply to tile sam1e, is atutlhorized
to call another mass meeting at this place on Saturday, July 2d, at 2 p1. I.,
to further consider tlhe situation.
lWhen the seconid request, relative to the sumnmary dismissal of Walter
M. Gil)son, was readl, a perfect storm( of cheers Swept through the building.
Holl. C. tI. lBishop then read the co'lllmlunication lie had received from
the King, premising that it liad reacled hinm at 1 p. im.
TIlE KI NGS I.Er TTEmR.
Hon. C. R. Bishop, Member of the House of Nobles, Privy Councillor of
State, etc.                                             '
MY DIEA: SI:R:-Reposing especially confidence in your loyalty and
sound judgment as a councillor, an(l knowing your regard for our people,
we are moved to call upon the IIon. W. L. Green to form a Cabillet land a
Ministry which he may select, and will be accel)talle to thetl  respectable
and responsible majority of our t)eol)le, will be welcome to us; and aly
guarantees which may be reasonably require(l of us under thle (Constitution and laws of our Kingdom  will be at once conceded to such Admninistration.                                    Your friend,
KA LAKAUA.
The chairman re-read the letter for the benefit of those wlho were far
off, Mr. Bishop's voice not being strong enough to reach the whole atsseram
blage.




- 12 -


Mr. W. A. Kinney read a translation of the resolutions in Hawaiian,
the reader being frequently interrupted by applause.
Hon. W. L. Green, on being called was received with great applause.
He said a speech from  him was impossible. He could not tell, no one
could tell what the course of events would be. He knew no more than
any one present about the letter from the King. The meeting had assembled to express themselves as to the past and in regard to the future,
aud he urged upon the speakers to keep their language firm and decisive.
He renmembered a meeting held somte three years ago he thought at the
Lyceum. It was a large meeting, though not so large as this, and its
object was to protest against the mal-administration the Gibson Cabinet.
He was not there, not being well, but sent a letter, in which he expressed
himself in strong language. He need not go into the details-that could
be done better by others; but they were met again to-day, because from
that day to this that same administration had been getting worse and
worse until at last it had become intolerable. He considered that their
united attitude to-day was one which would teach His Majesty that he must
turn over a new leaf, and see that this country is governed as a constitutional monarchy. lie thought the King's letter precluded his saying anything further on this point. If he should be called upon to head a Mi1nistry
it should be one pledged to the commanon good, and which would carry out
the resolutions passed there that day.
Mr. W. A. Kinney, before addressing the meeting in Hawaiian, spoke
in English.  lIe said that he ha(d been born here and please God he was
going to die here, and would try to live hlere under this flag, but he
wanted tlhat flag to be clean. It would not be clean unless they went
much rurther than the removal of the Gibson ad(ministration. IHe had
been reminded of the words of Lord (Chatham, ',It is time that the crown
were addressed in the language of truth.'" It is tle height of folly to put
four men into la hostile calmp, and( support tle tension to try and keep
themi there. (Mr. E. M. W;dlsh —'We will support them!"') The speaker
had a great deal of confidence in Mr. XValsh, but he preferred a good constituti(Ai-a new constitution every time, and anything less than a new
constitution would not suit lhil1.
The miserable rag of a constitution we had did not afford adequate
representation nor irmplose proper restrictions upon the power of the throne.
HIe believed it was written on the hearts of those before hinm —ta new
constitution, and that speedily." It was the height of folly to su-ppose
that corn(mercial men and others in the community could stand and hold
these mene in their places. We had tried this kind of things for the last
six years. With a good constitution we would have peace-peace flowing
like a river. The franchise will be reconstructed and the king will h-ave
power as great as the Queen of Great Britain, and that ought to be enough
for him. If to his own rights he wants to add the rights of seventy-five
thousand subjects he is not going to have them. The revolution of thought




- 13 —


would be followed by a revolution of arms, as it always had been, if our
reasonable requests were not granted. IIe pledged his life, every cent that
he possessed and his sacred honor, under that flag that sheltered himi from
his birth. (cheer) If the mnen would not put this thing through, the women
would. He referred to the mental agony the women had endured these
passed years for want of proper protection against (lisease, manay having had
to isolate their children in foreign lands. No tman can stop or stay this
movement now. The sails are set, the slip is in motion; we cannot go
back. Push her forward into the open sea. (cheers)
Mr. Kinney then spoke several minutes in H1awaiian.
Hon. S. B. Dole being called upon, said: Fellow-citizens-There
are two thoughts to which I will call your attention in our Constitution. First:  The King conducts his Govertnment for the coulralon
good."  The second is like unto it: t All men are allowed to assemble to
consult upon the common good." WXe have a right to be lhere, and we
have assemibled according to law; but we would not be here to-day if the
King had conducted the Government for the coinnon good; lie llas not
done so. This meeting lhas come togetler to consider the public interests, and is compnosed( of Inen who are (letermined to have good governinent. As I understand the situation, this meeting is called to give
the King one chance to fall into line for political reform-njust one chance.
I d(o not say ble will take the chance. I am not here to talk about the
Ministers, but about the King (loud cheers), for he is not cond(licting the
Government for the hlenefit of the people. I need not (letail the fact of
bad government by the King to you; it relates to all departments of the
ad ministration; interference with everyth i nl aI)pertaii inig to governmnent
has been his rule, and( he  s has sld(1 is sacre(l oath of office to thle highest
bidder. We are here for no unlawful purpose; we are here to leinaind
that the Kinlg cleanse the Government, anl tihat he return this mtioneywhich every man, woman and(1 hild in the coluntry beli(eveis he took unlawfully —not for the sake of the parties to( whoIm it belongs, but to slow
thalt the Government is to be con(lucted henceforth upon clean principles.
WVe remneil)er the last six years, during which tile righlts of titl people
have been traimpled un(ler foot, the representative principle of government has been practically destroyed, tl e princile of Minlisterial responsibility interrupted, and public moneys recklessly squantered. These
things cannot go on. This movement means political reformr, and it has
gone so far that, from the talk I hear as  go along the street, opposition
or hostility to it is in the public mind something akin to treason.
Mr. J. A. MIcCandless, whom the chairman introduced as a gentleman
who wevnt down into the bowels of the earth, spoke next. Ile said lie
supported these resolutions, and in doing so he believed that he represented
some fifteen hundred people. Ite was ready to support theml with the last
drop of his btlood. All were united-mrerchants, mlechanics, laborers and
all, le believed that there was a unanimity which had never before been




- 14 -


attained. Fifteen hundred persons had been disfranchised for no other
reason than they were white men, and they were not going to have this
much longer. They hed a right to have their franchise granted unconditionally. [A voice: We'll take them.] He was afraid there were sone
among them who were weak-kneed. One man had got his gun and taken
it home, and left a note upon the table with the words: "Good-bye; shall
be out of town till next Sunday."  That there were some who wanted
bracing up. There were men among them the grandchildren of those who
had fought at Waterloo, and made it what it was; of the noble six hundred
at Balaklava. They had among therm some of the heroes of Appotomax,
and also of the Franco-German war. These were the kind of men this
community is made up of. Abraham Lincoln had remarked on the eve of
the late war, "It may be necessary to set the foot down hard."  And a
great newspaper correspondent, who was present, said that he knew then
for the first time that the great North was ready, and, concluded the
speaker, from what I see here to-day I know that we are ready to put our
foot down. (Applause.)
Hon. C. R. Bishop said-This is unquestionably an important meeting, the
most important ever held in Honolulu. I see before me mechanics, merchants, professional men. They are not here for am usement, but because
they feel that the course of affairs calls for prompt and determined action.
We should discuss matters in a peaceable manner without any threats;
we do not need any threats. The fact that so many men have come here
shows that we do not need any threats. I came here in 1846, became
naturalized in 1849, and have lived under five kings. We thought we
had really a liberal constitution, because those kings did not encroach
upon the rights of their suljects. But we have found out within the last
few years that our constitution is defective, partly on account of bad advice to the king but largely on his own account. The king has encroaled
on our riglts. We liave had very few mass meetings, but when we have one
like this I believe it means either a new constitution or one with material
reforms, which I am sure we shall have. I come here as a HIawaiian, not
for an~~class or clique. If it was any class or clique, I would not come
here at all. (Applk.use. )
Mr. Henry Waterhouse spoke in native in substance as follows:
Fellow citizens of Hawaii nei-Ilon. C. R. Bishop says the constitution
is full of faults. If so, let us have a new constitution. Therefore, let us
stand by the resolutions. We shall see from those who stand by these
resolutions who are the friends of the 1Hawaiian people. My counsel is to
stand firm, and go before the King without fear, and make our demands
fearlessly.
Mr. I. Jay Green said: Gentlemen, fellow citizens, friends, neighbors
and brothers: I was not aware that I should be asked to spealk lere or I
should have put on my other coat. But the boys left me to come lhere,
and I had to follow them, and all I want to say is that I expect to keep
on following the boys. (Applause.)
$




- 15 -


Hon. L. A. Thurston said: Gentlemen, you and I have been waiting
a long time for this day, but it h:s conme. It is a lonlg lane that has no
turning, but we have coime to the turning of our lane. There are persons
here to speak to all of you, but I am here to speak as a Hawaiian.  My
ancestors camne here in the reign of Kamehalnehta I. I was born and
brought up here, and I mean to (lie here. Hawaii is good enough for me.
I speak for Hatwaiians, because you foreigners can speak for yourselves and
can look out for yourselves, but inany of these IHawaiians are ignorant
and have been deserted by their leaders. I am the representative of the
constituency of Molokai, and spent some weeks there last summnner, and I
wish to say that the Hlawaiians on Molokai are with us to a man. It may be
that this letter fronm -is Maljesty was meant to head off this resolutions.
I remember reading somewhere of a man who was going to shoot a coon,
and tie coon said:  )Don't shoot; I'll come down."  The King is the
coon and thlis meeting the gun. [Great appllause.] History repeats itself.
We all remember the King's message to the Legislature in 1884, recommending economy, and asking that it should begin with His Majesty's
privy purse. That message was accepted in good faith, and there was a
grand torchlight procession to the Palace to thank hinl-I carried a torch
in that procession myself-but it was followed by alpropriations enormously in excess of the revenue. And again, in 1886, camne another message
for retrenc llment, but this time it didn't wash. There was a meeting during the Moreno time to protest against bad government, ani( into the midst
of it some one came and said, 'Itt's all right; the King has appointed a
new Ministry," and there were three cheers for the King, and that was
the last of it. Are there a:iy cheers to-day? (Loud cries of No! No!)
The King was taken at his word. I noticed that there were no cheers
proposed for the King to-day. It is not sufficient to have the King accept
these resolutions; we must have a new Constitution, and must have it now.
A Constitution is a contract, and if the King and the people both agree to
change it, there is no violation of constitutional rights and no revolution.
If we have let things come to this pitch, and take the King at his
word, it is to rely on wind. Let a change in the Constitution be tie first
and last, and only request if necessary, but let that be the one to be insisted
on till tle last moment.
Hon. Paul Isenberg said that on many points he agreed to these resolutions, but as far as the new constitution was concerned he was somewhat
doubtful. Let it be done legally. The subject had been broached the
previous day of his entering a new Ministry. If so, he would not be a
party to pushing a new constitution through in a hurry. It would not be
legal unless carried by the Legislature. (Dr. C. T. Rodgers: What Asseinbly gave us our present constitution?) We could have an extra session
to pass the constitution, and another extra session to ratify it. (Hisses
and applause.) He hoped all would be peaceful and not hasty. (A voice:
We have been waiting six years.) If so, we could very well wait another.




- 16 


(Great uproar and cries of "No, no."  Dr. Emerson: "We won't wait
another year."  A voice:,XWe mean to have it now."    Cries of "Sit
down."') The speaker took his seat.
H. L. Swinton said, in Hawaiian, I am not going to speak in the English language, because the hadoles all think as I 10o. It has been said that
this m-eeting is called to incite to kill the IHawaiians. I have always been
called a relel. Tllis is because I alm not afraid to speak my mind, and Iny
mind is firlm and clear that the government is false and corrupt. My
advice is stand by the resolutions for ta new constitution and let us not be
satisfied with promises by the King. Lot us not be satisfied when the
King tells us he has turned out the cabinet, what lmore do you want. Let
us follow the lead of Thurston, and demand a new constitution.
Mr. Alexalder Young, who represented the HIonolulu Iron Works, said
he was proud to stland upon the platform and look so many honest men in
the face. They were men w\ho not only looked what they meant, but
meant what they looked. Ile was no speaker, but a thinker. lie came
here twenty-three years ago, and at one time, when traveling, he was
proud of living here. Lately lie hiad done.some traveling, and had to hide
his face when he fou(nd tllis flag, stinking abroad. lHe repre.sented a large
class of mnci not only in this country, but all over the world. The class
hle represented were the horny-lhanded sons of toil, wlho earned their
honest dollar and could lie down and sleep without it burning them. He
was ready to shloullder a muskett to tlefen(l Kialtkaua, i and not a knave.
Some thad counselled thein to wait; but ~he said wait not, strike the iron
while it is hot. Kalaklaua lhad hlad a great nmany years to let us see
whether lie was a man or not. The tension about our hearts had long
been strained, and to-day the strings hatd broken, and we must express
ourselves. He was not a lawyer, and couuld not tell wletler we could
have a Constitution in five mtll mutes; but necessity was the mother of invention, and we miust get it as soon as possible. There was not a coward
in that assembly- not one, tlough it was not always wise to rush into
mischief. If tle King woul(l not (lo wlat was wanted, lie must be- made
to do it, Let us exercise patience and put tlhe matter in the handsl of
people able to deal with it. Let us have a new Constitution, and if it is
not legal, the same power would make ancother.
Dr. Tucker said th;t when he clame to this co untry there were mutterings of dliscontent, and it was all Walter Murray Gibson. We arraign
the King. lte dles not know that this assembly —largely compposed of
men wlio think that kings are not of much account anyway; he does not
know that if it was not for the wise counsel of men in this movemnent his
head would have been off before this. They could not wait any longer
for reform. The King had better be a saint while he is well, as well as
when lhe is sick.
Mr. L. C. Ables, who represented the clerks, said that he had come here
to seek his fortune, but had not seen it. lie was an American, the stars




- 17 -


and stripes was his flig, hut the Tl:w:aiian fl:ti would suit him as well,
and( he was going to st:y l)y it. The (cltss whomll  lie repre.S!ented wanted
a new constitution, and they were g ingr to have it. lie was not a lawyer,
but hfe had bleen told lby latwye(rs that tile colnstitution was I)1'ro(ullgateCd by
a King. It coulld be donle aga in. Soille would ask,  '(Are you g(oiltg to
get it?" In illusrtration of his determlination to have it, he related anl
anecdote about a certain youth who had evinced Ian ill(doinitale determination in hunting for a wood chuck wher'ewith to regale the lappetite of a
hungry   lethodist prealchier. Th'e boy chased tiheX wood clulck into his
hole. A   1manl came along and asked the boy if he could get him,
''Mister," said tie boy, "1've got to get himl;" and for the constitution.
we've got to hlave it!
-lon. Cecil Brown said, in llawaiian: Perhaps you ask, why is tlis
meetilg of citizen.si? Perlhalps the tlhought tyll enter thlat it is to) pr)opose
to do evil to Hawaiians. Not so. I am an -tlawaiian, and was born under
thils flag, and under it mly bones shall be buried. Has there been good
govertnment in the ptast few years? No. tas tilhe Legislative right been
respected? No. We want, tlhen, a new con.stitution. We waint tile King
to think of the public good, not of of petrs.onal ends. We have just seen
the Jul)ilee of Queen Victo ria, and if Kalakaua would follow her example,
he iiigilt reig, ass long. But if Queen Victoria were to act as badly as
Kalakaua, she would not live an hour. Let us, then, go for a new constitution.
Mr. E. M. Walsh, mainager of the Paia plantation, Maui, said that lie
represented the planlters, who, he felt sure, would elldorse the sentiments
so ably expres.ed. In 1882 a deputation representing the plantations on
the otlier,lands waitetl oni tlhe King to )petitioll 1His M.jesty to give tlhem
hoInest goverinment. Tie result w.as they were snulbed. Tle King afterwards went to North Kona, iand with the assistance of his soldiers defeated
Pilipo il the election. They did not want to use threats, but to-day they
were prepared, land would not be agtiin iisulted. I-e believed it would
be wise to change tile constitution. lie did not know the best way of
doiing it, but in view of the consummate skill which had broughit this
movemlent forward, lie was ready to leave it to the thirteen gentlemen to
see that it was done right. It seemed to hil. Ihowever, that this w;as a
time to hlave the voice of the people. From Maiui all were with them.
Ill 1882, as lie had said, the King let, them go with false promises. They
took his word then. Now, let us prepare a constitution and say, This is
whatt we want and what, we must have. (Applause.)
Mr. J. M. Vivas then read the resolutions in Portuguese, and made a
speech which evidently went to the lhearts of his countrymen.
Mr. J. G. Tucker said they had heard talk about this flag and that flag,
but they had gone into thlis tling as people of all nationalities iergedl into
HawaLiians. They had come and meant to stay till they got what they
wanted.




- IS -


Mr. W. H. Rice, of Kauai, spoke in the native language as follow:
Hawaiian citizens, from  Hawaii to Niihau; from northwest to southeast; we wanlt to clean up the government.  Has the government been
clean? No! The roads are wasting alld tro1anilng from onle end to another
of the land. Where is the money for the roads? Sent on an exploration
with the Kaimiloa. If we go asking for bread, shall we be satisfied with
sto(nes? Somne one asked me to-day if I lhad lmy guun? Well, yes; 1 ain a
cattle drover, and I need one. It has beel well said that the ship of tllis
movement has been launched, the anchor is weighed, the sails set, now
let us take the helm and steer.
Lieutenant C(. W. Ash ford was the last speaker. Ie appeared upon the
plaLaform in uniform, and armed with a rifle and belt of cartridlges. 1ie
stated that he was under mililtary orders, and had been conmmanded by
hi.s superior officer not to indulge in a plitical speech. lie had not had
the privilege of listening to all the speeches, but froln reports which had
been carried to tlhe corps outside, he understood that a gentlem in repi-esenting vast moneyed interests here had counselled the meeting to wait
another year for a new Constitrtion.
Here the Rifle colmpany mnarcihed round the outer edge of the building
and took up their position inside to hear the speech of their comrade, and
as they did so three rousing eleers and( a. tiger were given for the 'tboys."
Lieutenant Ashford, resuming, acknowledged the comlililment on behalf
of the corp)s. He had joined it three years ago in anticipation of troulle
such as they saw that day. Returning to Mr. Isenberg's renark, he s:iid
tha1t gentleman, in view of his position, would naturally hatve an aver-ion
to anythi:g having a tendency to disturbance. He (tle speaker) did not
want to fight, but by heaven if we did —. If we set about getting reform under the present constitution we might wait till our grand-clhildien
were grey. He felt sure Mr. Isenberg (lid not express the sentiments of
that meeting, certainly not tiose of the Hondolulu Rifles. At tle same
time lie htld the greatest respect for the great nation that gentleman
represented. He thought that Germans were pretty well decided not to
submit'to dictation abroad, however much they might at home.
The German heart is strong and true,
The Germian arm is strong,
Tle German foot goes seldom back
Where armed foemen throng.
If armed foemen should throng here, he did not think the German foot
would go back. He wished to say a few words on the merits of a new
constitution. It has been oljected that we could not have it at once,
becau.e such a thing would be tinconstitutional and illegal. He would
show the fallacy of that argument. In 1864, when Kamehameha V.,
convoked his Legislature, it was thought that a new constitution was
wanted. After solme weeks they failed to agree upon olne satisfactory to
His Majesty. The Legislature was arbitrarily dismisecd, and the King,




- 19 -


without even saying "By your leave," forced upon them a new constitution. That was the constitution we were living under to-day, and somne
people had the gall to say we were living under a constitutional governnient. He held that nothing was constitutional which was forced upon
the people without their consent.  The present constitution (lid not
adequately protect personal rights, and it gave the King power which no
monarch in a civilized country in the present day p)ossessed. Who had
ever heard of an absolute veto by the monarclh anywhere in recent years?
King Kalakaua had a great many very pleasant qualities, and many whiich
were not so pleasant. Personally, he had behaved in a very friendly
manner to the speaker wheln he canme here, and pelrhaps wo)uld still if he
were to truckle to limn as some (lid. Cries of "'Time" b)eing healrd, he
concluded by urgingl upon all not to let thp matter drop until sone sensible and concerted action was taken. (.Applause.)
Hon. W. R. Castle moved the adoption of the resolutions, seconded by
Dr. Emrerson anld many others. On being put to the meeting they were
carried unanimously, there being a roar of ayes! and delad silence when
Mr. Jones put the question: "'Contrary rindedl!'
The chairman state(l, as the meeting was dispersing, that he had been
requested to say that Mr. Gibson ha( sent for a squad( of the Honolulu
Rifles to go down to his house and protect himl against tle IHawaiians.
The committee immediately waited on the kilg, who stated tha:t he
was willing to give an answer off hand; but the co()rllittee informerd him
that they would leave the documents in his hands, and expect a reply in
writing.
The meeting was thoroughly orderly throughout, but it was strong and
detertllilled.
After the meeting tlhe Committee of thirteen proceeded to the
Palace and plresented tlie resolutions t tlie King requestingr a reply.
The next day tlie King called a meeting comlpose(l of the Almerican
Minister, W. II. Merrill; the British (Commissioner, Jalnts Hay Wodlehouse; tlle French Cotmmnli.ssioner, Henri Feer and the P:rtuguese C(mImissioner, A. de Souza Canavarro, to wlhomll he offered to transfer the
powers vested in him as King. These gentlemen refused to accelpt the
trust but advised the King to lose no time in formling a new Cabinet and
sitgning a new Constitution, which would meet the dermands( of tlie leople.
Accorditlgly in the afternoon the following reply was forwarded to tlhe
citizen's Clommittee.
THE KING'S REPLY.
To Ionorcable Pca(l Idsebe)lg and the GentlemenQ Compnosing the Commiftee of ca     ofeetini of Stubjects and2 Citizces:-GENTLEM:N: —In ack.nowledging tlme receipt of the Icesoiuliolns adlopted at a [Mass MIeetinl held yesterday and presented to Us by you. We are ple.sedl to coinvey tllrough
you to Our loyal subjects as well as to the citizens of Honolulu. Our ex.




-  20 -


pression of good-will and our gratification that Our people have taken the
usual constitutional step in p;esenting their grievances.
To the first proposition contained in the resolutions passed by the
meeting, whose action you represent, we reply that it has been substantially complied with by the formal resignation of the Ministry, which
took place on tile 28th day of June, and was accepted on that date, and
that we had already requested the lHon. W. L. Green to form a new Cabinet on the day succeeding the resignation of the Cabiet.
To tle second proposition, we reply that Mr. Walter M. Gibson
has severed all his connections with the Hawaiian Government by resignations.
To the third proposition, We reply that We do not admit the truth
of the matter stated thereinl, but will submit the whole subject to Our new
Cabinet and will gladly act accordling to their advice and will cause restitution to be made by the parties found responsible.
To the fourth proposition, We reply that at Our command Mr.
Junius Kaae resigned the office of Registrar of Conveyance on the 28th
day of Junie, and his successor has been appointed.
To tile fifth proposition, We reply that the specific pledges required
of Us are each severally acceded to.
We are pleased to assure the iemnbers of the committee and our
loyal subjects, tllat we are, tltnd shall at all times be anxious and ready to
co-operate with oUr Councillors and advisers, as well as with our intelligeut
and patriotic citizens in all matters touching tlie honor, welfare and prosperity of our Kiiigdlon.
Given at Our Palace this first day of July, A. D., 1887, and the
fourteenth year of Our Reign.                 KALAKAUA REX.
The new Cabinet, consisting of MAessrs. XV. L. Green, Finance; Godfrey
Brown, FoIreign Afftai.s; Lorrin A. Thurston, Interior, and C. W. A.hford, Attorney-(leleeral, were sworn in tlhe same day, and tlte revolution
was practically over. It only remlained to sign tlhe nelw Constitution.
Tills document was prepared with great care, a large nulmber of the miemibers oft tile Htawaiian League beilng lresent <and taking part in the
debates. The (locumentt was ready oil Wednesday, July 6th, received
the King's signature at 6:15 P). M. of that day, and was duly proclaimel
on tlhe next, copies being sent forward to the other Islands.
Without the organization known as tile Hawaiian League, this revolutiorn could never liave taken place. Tlie rjoimlelt that the imemblers were
called uponl they were ready and well armred. Without the assistance of
Ma.jor V. V. Ashlford, who had command of the }Htonolulu Rifles, order
could not lhave been kept. To the gentlemen who form tllat corp-, tlhe
citizens of Honolulu owe a deep debt of gratitude. For two days Honolulu was under martial law, and yet the most perfect order was kept, the
banks and bursiness places were open, and there was perfect security to
both life and property. It was the most peaceful and most complete of
revolutions, but it was so because the power was there to sustain it.




- 21 -


A word or two about Mr. Gibson. HIe was arrested by the Military
on the morning of July 1st, and was halnded over to tle civil authorities
on a charge of embezzlement on the evening of the Saturday. IIe was
permitted to remlain in his house under guard, but on July 5th was removed to the Prison. When brought before thie Police Court the Attorney
General entered a nolle pros, and Mr. Gibson quietly got on on board the
brigantine John D. Spreckels which was leaving that same day and
sailed for California. Thus bringing one of the most unpleasant episodes
in Hawaiian History to a conclusion..




THE TWVO CONSTITUTIONS.


CONSTITUTION OF 1864.
GRANTED BY IllSN MAJFqry KAMFITAMETIA V., BY THE, (GRACE' OF Gox,
KINGI OF TUE' HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.
ON TflE,, TwENTIE"I'- DAY oF AuG'USTI A. 1). 1864.
ARTICLE 1. God bath enidowedl all
iena with ceirtarn infiliena ble rights;
aniong whi(ch arc 1ifec liberty, 'iiid thie
right 01Aiejuirii i g, possessi ng' '111(1 proteetitig propei'ty, aiiil(It o )f PIrfinhg and
obtainiiig safety andl hi pp~iiiss.
A nTI C LE 2.  All men tare  free to
worship God 'aecor(lini" to tril' (dictates
of thlei r ow i  011i oncieit(s 5,but this
sacred privilege hereby securedl shall
not) he s9 construed as to justifv acts of
becen tioustieSs, or Practices i necoiisistent,
with the peace or safety of the Kingdo n.
AirTICLE 3. All inei n may freely
speak, wvrite, andl publish their sentiMetitS On all subjects, being respoinsible for the abuse of tlhit right, 'I id no
law shall be eniacted to res~t ran the
liberty (If SI~etelh, 0r (If the- pr'ess ecxept
suich lawN.s a's ma'-y be iicccssary for I le
Tprotectioii of His Majesty the Kingr
and thle Royal Famn-ily.
AiRTICLE 4. All men shall have the
right, in an ordlerly and pea ceabile
manner, to assvmb~e, w\ithout arms, to
eon'sult, upon the common good], and to
petition the King- or Legislative Assembly for redress% of grievances.


CONSTITUTION OF 1887.
XWIivER x, the Constitution (of this
Kingdiomi hcei etofore iii force contains
many prov isions subversive of civil
righits 111(1 inoip( 0 tib&o wvitieni ht
cued (Conistitutiona (Ii ovcinment..AND WHEREiiiAS, 'It Ii s becomle imnperative in or(l( i to iestoi e ordeJcr and
tranqulility 'lull the contidencee necessary to a furthici maintenance, of the
present G&ovcinmcllnt flbit anew Con1 -stitlition should be 'it once promn-ul
Now,' u T   niER'PoRE,1",bCI I  alak aui-a,
King- of thle H1aiiw'ian Isal) Ids, in mI-y
cap~acity as 1_oi cirec-n otfthis Kii'igdoin,
and] as the rejpres,,eint'ative ol the people
hereunto by them- dn1tly authorizied and
en~ipowxred (1 (1(nulm andl abro-aite the
Cloistit utioii pion ulointed by Karnaliameha the Fiftthi onl the 20th di'y of Angust, A.. 1) 64, Hi-1d 1( procl1m. ndumc
lproiinuilf'te this tonstitutioliA\niu ivricm  1. (od Ii th e( ii(1vW(( all
men wxitli cirtaiiiii inl iena blce riihts?
a tmoiig which 'are life, libetiyx, aii(l the
rigli t of eqiingpossessi ug, an'ld protecting- property, ailn of pu'tiiluin  andl~
obtaiiliiiig Safety landl Iipil~leis~s.
A v 'rrCmLE 2. All cnii alrc free to
woishil-) God), aeeornliiio to the (dictates
(If their owni eoiis~ceieues; but this saerc(l p)ivilV 1eire hereby seci ire I] shin I not
be 5) coistnIe sto justity acts of
licentiouIsness, or praeticee5  ineo(nsistent wvith the peace or safety of' the
ARTIiCLE 8    All men     may   freely
speak~, wArite, and publish their scutlments on all subjects, being- resp-onsibHe for the abuise of that right, and iio
lawv shall be enateed to restrain the
liberty of spech(l, or of the pr'ess.
ARTITCTJ: 4. Allt] men shall have the
right, iii anl ordierly aind peaceeable
maniimer, to assemble, wit lout arms-, to
Coiisult, 1i1)Of the common good, and to
petition the King or Legislature for
rediress of grievances.




- 23 -

ARIL. rl      riviliege of  I he
writ, of Jilobcqas Corp/I beloiigs to aild
mcii, anid shall iiot be susfwrid~ed, tinles y the Kivnge Wheni ill casts of i'ebellion or iovasioli, tili poLbliO safety
shall r(i'eri i its S11'ilM)iiSi0ii
Awir i cto, 6.  No per'sou shaill li subject to ploiiililineiit for ally otkii11s, except oii (tue aiid legal eo~i~etion
thereof, iii a C'ourt liavio ig JIi'd(CtioLi
of tbt cast.
A Li Iiu,  I ~-.No0 pers'on shall be hield
to aiiswer foi.ily    (,i ime or offeiise,
(c Xc 'P i:'-  i I Ic ss of fiiipeaehinlent, or
for oticiic's witlhin tlo itiris~lietioii of a
Police or D~isticit J stiec, 01' iLl s501 innilaiy iiotecetiiigs loir eoiiterlijpt) tiiiles L upoii iiidiC'tiiCI~t7f, otly and painly
des('r 1ibitig such ('P111 iie 1 olieiise, a1nd
lie s'lidi hIave the righl, to m1eet tHie
Wvitinesses wh~o are proluceed againist.
himi face to fit(e  to pi odoec witnecss'es
Iiiitl pJ'00ff5- ini hiis owli hvor' aiio1l by
lliil)Scdf or hiS eooLM-/e of, his c"leetioii,
to eXaniioie thle Wvifiie'/ses p"rodole(1 by
bisfaii d croiss-examHin1ie those pri'
(lUC~d aginttiiiii, aid       to be folly
hetrdt inl huis (totee no  Ii all eases Iil
whlich thle ri rilt Of tpi ml by.Jory has
bee i heretoifore used, it shall be held
inviolable forever, execPt iii actioiis of
debt or' aSSURIn)Sit inl Woi~hti lit LIIOLnLilt
claimed is less fhaol Filtty IDoll uls.
ARTICLE 8.     NO I~lcioll sli'ill be requiredI toi aiisxver agai 1n1(o1 any otho ene,
of Which hie hsas beco (lilly I ooxiceted,
01' of Wvluiech lie has 'b een do ly acquittedI
111)0n a good and sut~lecit, ioldiCtinciit.
Atr~iclE 9. No iocisoiisliatl be comlpeltled, inl anly crii iioal. ease, to be a
witliess ag-ai aIst lii iself; 11(1' be dlepirived of life, libei'ty, 01' property
Withou~t due pi-ocess Of law.
ARTICLE it). No person shall sit as
a juldge 1)1' juror', in any case Inl which
his relative is iiiterested], either as
plaintiff or defendint, or Din the issuc
of which the said joolge or' jur01', may
have, either dii'ectly or thi'ough a relativye, any pecuniary interest.




ARTTCUE ~5. Thse privilege of the
Wr-it, Of lPIOf(aMa Coqpu   tiiiistoLi
men01, aod)( shall not be sospmendd o
lsby the Kinge, %wheii iii ease o)f icfuellil 101oiri lvasloil, the pt blile safety
shall r'equ'iie its suspeiisioii,
A     i.n~   - I o 1) ~ersoni shall be subJect to 1)0ii isli nenit for' aiiy offense, excep~t oii dotil nid legaf (coiivietioii t hereif, inl ai Court liing jur'isdiction of
the eas.
Awr(ic V 7. No person shall be field
to aiiswer( foi aliiy   criimie 01' offeo)se
e-_xcep~t iii cisos of inilwpaclinient. or
for offen~ses wvit liiii the uris~icid(tioiii of a
Police 01 tDiStrIi t.11Osice, 01' inl 50111 -l~l iN floced ii'sfoi' conte]11 4 ) U iiless opiu)M iildi( I niC ut, folly and pfAIAillly
(lesil )11 5((11cii iiie 01' o)fh'o1ICe aiid lie,
slia-l I have the eig'lt,, to meet, thle witnitsses W ho nor piroduoced against, hira
fac'e toi fai( ( to pi)ohWee witnesses aoid
p~roo)f in tii, ow n I avor; anod bylimsf
01' Id s coiunsel "It Illis election,7 to cxa ii n lh11~ witnlesses pro'Ohiiced by lifiiiself, aind Crioss-e xamiiinc tnos'e prodolech
againlst lidiii, /.111d1 to be folly hear'( in.
hiis owoi (lefeocee.  III all eaIses iii wh~ich.
thle ri-ght of tirial by.Jmoy has been
hieretofore used, it shaltI be held i aviolable forever, excep~t in actions of diebt,
(iii ll1su0 mpsi t iii wxvlili the amloun1t,
claimed is less thian Fifty Doltars.
A RTI C LE 8. NI) personi shiall be reqoifrco to answver ag-tihu foir aii offhii~se,
of xvhic li h. It is be(-Ii outiy conivicted,
01' of whichl lie fhas been duly aceloitted.


I


A itrric iiE 9. No  ' prson- i, shall beC con- Ii'l)elleil, inl any cri'nimiiii case, to be a
witiicss a-aiiist himself; iuoir be dIcpIrive/l of life, liberty, or profpel'ty withiout 010e fproct5s of law.
ARTICLE It).   No pesnsalSit aIs
auug   roi jo'r, in any cisc ne vic
his relative, biy -atlinity, or by con~saligoiiiity within thle thirI degrrct~, is interested, either as plain~tiff or (defenid/ nt, 01' ini the issue of which the said
judge or jUror, may heave, either di

/reetly 01' thuroughi suech relative, any
pecuniai'y iiitticst.
ARTTCLE 11. Involuntary servitude,       AtR Pc oE 11. In1voluntary     serviexcept foi' crime, is forever prohiibited tude, excep~t for crimie, is forever proin this Iiipogdin; whene~ver a slave hibited in this Kingdom.         Wheniever
shall enter Hawaiian     Territory, he a slave shiatt ciitei' 1-awafian Territory,
shall be tice.                          lie shiaft be free.
ARriciLi! 121. Every person~ has the     ARTrICLE' 12. Every person has the
righit to) be secui'e fm'om- all unreasoii- right t~o be secure from al11 unreasoniaable searches and seizoII'es Of his p~er- bsesarches atido scizurics of his persons
son, his hourse, his papei's, and~ efietbs; his house, his papers, and effects; and
aiid ho warr'ants shall issoc, but 0i1 no Wairrants shial~l iSSUe. except on
probable cause, Suipported by oath or probable cause, supporiited by oath or
uffirmation, andi des~cribing the place affirmation, "and describing the place


0




- 24 -

to be seairched, and the     persons or to be setarched, and       the  persons or
thiuigs to be Seized.                      thin, S to be seizedi.
Au nci~icuu; 13.  The  Ring conduits t     A \ aicLE~ 1.3. The  (benuctis
His ( 1ve'ii nen1lC~t foi' thle corn ly10l goal  ea C1I acted foil thle coin inoi n good, a ad1(
and inot for' the 1)1011t, 1101101', O1' 1)r\aftc nlot toi the p)0)it, hoiou,? or p11 vote inlfinte.rest of oi'ly one mal, forni ly  or terest, of army oIle 1"ly auhui lv, 01' (lass
class of men amaoug 1-us suibj ects        ot in1 ii.
A   ril[CLiE 14. FPocli tnm beire of SOCi-  AR ifCLE 14. Each   member of soety Ii s a might to he protected by it, in  cietv h.-is au ri-lat, to tiL 1)1ohtetel iii the
tilt etii 0  nito    i   i   hbmt     1(   eioiit iet, of lis' life, hib i ty  iiidl pro~1 op  t '~ aco )rd og tolow  11(1, thle-e- peu-1,t V,, ocean1 I i I hr to I,1 1W aid, therefore, lie Shuo 11 be ohliged to  oiitriibate fore, he shi'i II e 01)11 (ed to ('01ntribute
his pir01)01tioai.l share to t le ex penlse his 1)1opori (n1 i li ihar to time expeimse
of I his 1)1otectien, and( to gnyc hIs pci'- of this protecti mi andl to give his per'soial iservices, 01' O.tl equivl\alt nt wht i  01 s ia so rvlc'Vsl( 01' 'ili e(jui1c ltlint whien.
neeCssilly  l!I~t 110 par1t at tlit properity  nei'essaru  Pr ivixat( pr1opeirty  may be
of any~ uindi idu Il shiall I ex takea train  toakeii foi pabid I us(e hut oimly 1)1p1 (tinc
hiiiio 01 applied to lIublic U.SeS, Without iprocess at law and just comipenmsation.
his owil eaiseint, or thle en. tetlileit, of
the Le-islative Assem bly, excepht the
sanic SI,-i'll be necessary tor' thle military operation of the Ki mgloin in time
of warl or insurrection; 011n1 whenever
thle pull.lic exigelicies maI-y requlire that
thle p)ro%)erty of aily lid~ividua iiShould
be app)ropriatcd to lpubhc uses, lie shall
rtec(i ve  a  reatsoniable  compentlsation)
theriefor.
AnrTicLEr, 15. Na subsidly, duty or        AwRiCIE 15. No subsidy, duity, or
tax of aimy dct5s'ilptioit shimll. be estab- t~ax, of oniy desc-ri ptioi, sh1-iill be eslislied or levied, without tlit talses.t of tablishmcd 01' leviedl withiout thme coolthe  Legislative Assembly, 11o1 shall seiit of the Legrislaturi t  101  shall auy
any maimey be dr'awii fromi the Puhlie money be         (Iruiwn  fioam  the  Pa hi ic
Trreasur~ wihu      uheusit        xcept T reasitry   wvitlout suhe   tonisent, cxwhico between thie se~ssiols, at the Leg- cept. whe n thle sessions at the lxegislaislati ve Ass-m bly thle  uinergreniels of tllr(, the ernei-geliCIes at wir, i ulvasion1,
wam', in vasioli, 'etiel lion  lpestilence, or relbellioil, pestilence  01' (Ither' ~imblic
othler p)1b)1ic, disaster smlal Iarise, 011(1 1lisaster shlila 11)raisen, 1)11( theim not wV i thithiei liat WvitliouLt thaaiclrlieo ohI ot the eoneurrance at all tic Coldbiiet,
the (-Cabiumet, andl of a maijo'it~y of thle aoil of a mllijail ity of thle whole Privy
whole Pr'ivy Councnil; Candf tile Miillis- Council; andt the Miiiistei' of Fliiarce
ter of Financee shiall i'eiidei' a (letailedl Shall rendi~er a. )&'taile(1 aceouil11t of such
aCcaa ult Of such expenditure totlie Leg-  Clexpenditure to thle Legislatnie.
islotive Asseuntdy.
AnricLE It~iA. No RetrospectiveLaws       _Awr~micLE 16. No retrospective laws
shall ever be, eniaeted.                   shall evci' be enacted.
A ivartmtt 1.7. TeMilitlary shall al-      Au~rfcLEi 17. The M~ilitary shall always be stmb jectto) the laws of thle la nd;ways be subJect, to thle lows at the
and mm Soldiei' shall, inl timin  of peace, halan; and h o Soldiei' shall, iii time of
be quai'teredl in aiiy house without the peaIce, be quartered~ iii tav house withco"iseit oIf thle         noir;10 inl tittle a ouwt, thle conisenit of tlit awun 1; 1)0)r in.
wvar, but in a mninier to bt. prts( ribed  til-11( of Wvai', bat inl a  mlannler' preby the Le~islatoi'e. striubtd by the Le-isl, iturt
AtvrwticL   is. Every Elector sh-all be    Alt rictPE 18.  Every 14 lector shall be
pi'ivilegedl from ari'vest onl elt( tioi d iys, privileged fr'om arre~st, oii election da.ys,
dari I g his atten~laiicc at electionl aiind  dii1irhis attemlidaict at, ecth otho, amid
ii  a h  oaidit 1'mul~ tiefo            in piii ion m to a11(i returlini g tlierefiromn
except in eases (If treason, felony, or excep~t iii case oIf treason, feloiny, or
breach. of the, peace.                     br'cach of thme peace.
ARtTILcE 19. No Elector shall be so        A wricm,   19.  No Elector shiallI be so,
obliged to pei'forin1 in ilitary duty, oifl obligred t(I per'form'  mi litti'y duty, on
thle day of eheetioim, as to prlevent his the day oIf electiomi, -.s to pr~evenit his
votilig; except in. time of war, or 1101- votinmg; (.except in timle( of wvar, or publie, danger.                               lie, danager..




- 25 -,


A i-wterv-cT,, 20, The Supreme IPower,     Awrn(icci i: 0. The S1 Prenm-1  Vower
Of the I\ili~l-(ilfl in it's (ei'('ise. 15 iii- ot the( Riiox1ilo~ inl its ex;el'('ise, isdvi
v id e d ilito the Ilxeeiitive, I,~1eai,)late, (ledI into the Fxeeutix'e, Legislat1ive,
and Ju diejal    these shlul alway"Is, he and Jludi('ial; these shall1 nlwnvixs he
piresei'vco- ulistiiiet, anld no ludee1- ot ai pie i'i'vel Ilist lict, tili110 flo Exeeitive
Couint of lRccoid shall (cv'('i he n, aweiii- (ir'.Ji(fi('iil- (Otheeis, or a ns  eoiitraetoi'1
her of the Legrislative As~sembly.         or' employee of I le( oeiieit1an
li(''Smui iil lie 1-cipe''lt or saa - l enioInntfi ont the (4ioveriiineicit, dial I1 K.
(dio~ild(' to electioi) to f le Legislature
of t heii iiii I if hii'on  1 to holdI
the tpn. itioli of iim ('e(' ive iiieiiiher. of
the ari(  Ad no ntieinher of the Leg
ilatf ture sh-ill1 duti ln-  the  I ine  fo r
Wxhiieh lhe is ilecled, tie ut(1poilte(l to
alIIny ei v I o(T1((II under the I,( II oCv '1I'I I IiientI
exue pt tt"i it (if' I intinlu er of t Ithe ( ',-ihII,;
AT-Mcirv 21, The     Government.    of    2i1cili           hle ( ()ovriimu'iit  of
th i S lvi Igdoolli iStli I t of a tm 401 itiitioi mi,I I Iti~~ul  istht ifa(oittii
hMolivi'iei Viiie 1  0  \l1 itiNi      I - toi    vl M itirlci-, tindei'I us V up 0t's,
A\ iTIJI'  ' —  Tin tI( Towni i4 ti2't')X  i\irici~ 2'". The ('rox'ii is lieieiy
1(')110iii( iity ( (11ti liii. ii to His \fjp t Ix pei In IIc Il it ly  iuiilriieu to II is M,IJe-ly
1k inl~liili( lii.N a1lii to thi  I ffii' ut H' tllI kPIu, (~ dii  t I te I f ei I'so  fi
His" boiI   1 ixvullx  her'o4ten  iiiil to1 body l'iwfully be~otteii, and to their
tinh. 1,ivlxfil hDescelviaikts ili.I (fli'('1t, litu I~sen'nsiiaiiethe
hue (; failling wh loio  tile (roxwi  h"10111 tail iiig wmioni, tin' ( rown shall] di~'seeild
diSeend to Ihi' lto'itd Jflo lii es's the to I ter Royal1 Ii lif iless th li  Iri iieess
Priiiees,-s Nict toi I  ii'ii'i  K   ili- Liiikliiii        l, and Ithe   hirs- (if her
tlmum, andI the heir-s ot lit I bOdx  law\- body, lawfully beg-ottenl, aiid theirlaIwfully begothin, ando- thlier deseejidants  Ii eenat iiaui'e              line. The
ila. ihii'eet liiic  Thei suit t (".iiiti slia~ll Siieee~ssiomi shall lie to tin' seiiiiii ma~le,
he to the Stnior01 f-l itt ci(1111 i, to thu  ehitild, an1d to the leieus of hli's houry; falilheirs of his bodly fidlnguv  a male chil~il 'a Inde eliild, the siileeessioiisal S11* he to
the suees~1i~ilsli ill ie to tit~ seiiuu' til' seliol' femalle eljl,  iiii to  the
femiale eliiuld  iid( to tlh( lit us of liei- Iliel 's (If iiei' hmouy.  lIi aellte-ci'e 1511
t)o(Il Y. i eI e thli're is 11( hIraI IS btixe 1 elj(i' asJ, a bove puovided, th( leSilei'esor
Jprovititei, thi l the s1 ('(P550' stlul] 1 le shli"Il he fin' In pei'soni Nv'lioi  the  orr
till' i)(l'soii whotmf thle Sovereigi sh'all eign shal  npioii xI with tin coisiit. of
appoi nt witi lthe colisent, of the Nobles, thi' Nobles, ii.1  lii d putdcl  pro'onii' ml
aniio  iublflely procbhdin) as suelih dunIi im  hii g tlii( Sovereignls Iie liii; ht Sholo  d
the King's life; but slioulil tiiere be no th'le lie 11(1 stI('il "pi~llhilt it il(lt d( pri'(Suchi "Ippiloltmelit and pi'oelamuation    e'i'toi     iiiil( thle Thrione( shioiuld beand the Thiioine should beeonlie. va( lilt, Colie veait thieii lit Cabiniiet imimethenI tue ( aint o         iim  ediatel Y  (Ii't tly a ftei' the oew i'rrii- oit suell vi0t4
aIfteI' thle oeeuti'iing of sueh0 x'aeiiilt'y, enlycalle   ea111   usel at m1eet 1~ ug f the
s1~ll I en use Ial iectt Iiig (if tile Legop  eil  irw   iI l Iluth:,hllot
tix'e A ssemiibly, Wrho Sh"i II eleet by h1aW  som  nait iv' AMIi of tlit Kiigiloin  as
lot siumie lilttive AMl of t le K Iingiloinl a's Sneessuul to thIei Thronle; 11iid the Se
Suceessor to the Tllroiie; anil the Sue- i'essoril so eteetedl sialll iiet'iiie Ia jl('xv
ce5sori si) etee-ted shiall beomne a nexw  8bips for 'a. Royal FaminIly; ani~ Ithle sueAY u'ps) full a. R,-1zoyalt faiu Iily  aiitltII( theII S(Ic'-(. - eS i o I  froim  f le  So4()verei gn I  bu I IS
Cession fl'onl the Su Veireigii th Ii s eleeteut, et eeted, shahlI be r'egu ll-Ite'l u~y tie sameti
shiall be regulateul by the same Lawt~ as ltaw a~s tile presenit Royal Faimily of
the Presenit Royal Faini ly of Hawaii. I fa,.xva lii
AwlTICLFE23     It shall iiot- be lawfull  Awi'revctiu 23. it, sh-all iiot. he havfull
for any, inenier of tle Royal Famiiily     for aiiy mjem-hei'; of thle RoYal 1Famliily
of Htawaii who may by Law        siieeeed  of         w avixhmo mnay by  [,-Iw  Sil('u'ue(l
toi the Thiionie  to toiltrite t  aUiriag'e ti) tilie Tlhione I, to ('0l."10i a tM  iig
Withlont the Cnentieit of the  wtiiii~     iithlotit fthu  ('u)ise'nt (if tiii IReilil -I
Sox'ei'eigii.  E'very 'N1ai'i'aguu so uvun: vSuxei'eig I I.  Ex'cry i-l riiiige  S0  oltutl'aetedl shiall be x'uiid, 11(1l the" pei'iuoii So I tr'Aetel silal 11 be xuiduh  a iii thle person~~
coiitmeati hg a Marriage,(r~  ni a1y, 1 y thle, su1 eolit raut l, I aLMu 'i'm  (', ]iii i by Itle
Pr'oelama t ion tuf thu. ilegII(I1 hgsover- p rou' i l nitluin of the Ruig-iI iig Si icreignt, be declared to heave forfeited His eign, be declared to heave forfeited Hils




- 26 -

or Her ri iht, to thie Throne, and aifter
SUieh lr0I,'oeLniitionJ thle Rig'lit of "-ueces-sion sh ill ve(st, iii the next, Ieir as
though SolII ot inClid~ Were, 1)cwl.
Aiiiiii  )l His \1 p jsty N  xininehainela li1 w ill)111(1 his Successorsuii)Oi
Coml-ing to tile IThroti( shall tike the
fol lowin  o 100 ti i  I 5()leiilinly swear iii)
1.1ie ipreseniee of A linigit y (,od  nto mintamil thi( ( oistitiit ion of tile K Cilagdon
-wholo Ic 11( iniiVilcate, and1( to goveirn in,
coiifourtity th'erexvith.
\ 0,ii (IA, 25, No person shall. ever'
sit, ulmpii thle Tliuoiie, whto hits hebien
Vicft,(I. of tay iiifait oous en re 0'Who
Is insane~, 01' all idiot.
A1TiF'2(3. Tme, Kling! is thle cou -
nian 4ri t ii C"liief of the Arviny aiid
Nay aiim-1 of al1 o~thei M ilitary, Foices
hal~s fill power by Himiseif, 01 by any
othiee. r 041'tecis, lie) iiidN atl)Poillt, to
tr~iniii aiid go~vern SIUCh torcCt as5 H le
ilay juodge best for flie defn.f se and
safety of time K-ingdom1   Ylut hie Shall
never piroclaint. war wit lioit tlit consenit of the Legislative Assembly.
the Coii)seiit) of His Prjv~y Coouncil has
thre powver toi gril t, repriev'es anid par(lolls, after con-viet ion, for all ofi~eiies,
excejpt in eases of iinpeaelimientt
Alrcwi' 28. Thie King, by and with
thle eonseiit (If His1 Privy Cou-ncil, eonvent's time ILegislativte Assemibly at the
seat (if (Government, oir ait a differenit
platce, if that should become d'angeirous
fromt an enienmy or any dan-geirous disordler; and inl ease oIf dlisagireemieiit, betweex tiiHis Majlesty aiid the LegislatiN'e
AsseiiblyN' lie adljourns1i, pro~rognes, 01'
dissolve (5it, hot iiot beyond the next
orduimaiy Ses. ion nuder any great
euoergency, lie inay convene the Legislativx  Assem-bly to   extraordincary
Sesslins.
A'1'T1CLEr 29.  The- King   has   the
power to make Treaties. Treaties involviiig clilinuges inl thle'arifit our in amiy
law of the Kiuigdoin shial I be referredI
for al~pproval to the Legislative A'sseunlbly. The King aplpoinlts Puoblic Mifinisters, who slial, 1 be commissioned,
eie I Itei and instiucted agreeably to
time, usage andt law of Nations.
ARTICLE, 80. It is the Kiiig's Prerogrativye to receive and aeknowvledge
P.)Ublic Mlinisters;to in formn tle L1_egis1lative Assembly by Royal Message,7
fioun tune to times, of the state (If the
King-domI and to recommend to its
Coiisideuration such iiieasure5 us lie shall
judge necessary and expedient.


01' 11cr r ight to the T hiroli Nled ai-fter,such Procl'mliiitioii the miight oif 'Sue'es~sioui shiall vest iii the otxt l-leii' as
thoughi stle Ii otli-11(1(1' \erc d(lai,
Aniurcri ' '14. His    MaBJesty   Ku Ilakanita, Nvill,,iii( hIes Sucicessois shall
take the(. followin110 outh' 1 solerniil1y
s wvca r ini t; I Ie l)res eu~Ic e o fA iii igl i ty ( Aod,
to m-ai ita tin tle ( onsti toltioul of the
K~ingdoml whole aii1l inviolate, and to
govern iii conformity therewith,
ARTIiCia,; 25. No person sha,,ll sit
uipon~u the Tb- r1one, who hias beei eonlviete(l of anly finfaml-ous crime, or who
is miisaiie_, or li, idiiot.
AuRT[CfE 26. rThle King is the Corn1Olaiiler-ili-ehiief of thle Army arid N-avy
and of all other Mlilit m-ryr iForces if thie
Ni ungrdloi, lby sea  111(a1 land.  But lie
slial 1nueveir lroehfl~iiin w ii xxwthout, th e
comiieiit oif thle  LeI ~ sd 11  'll11(I iio
millita-ry or naival torc  shadl be organmizedI eXecept by the 'ainthority of the
Legisilattire.
ARICLEr 2-'. The King, by and with
the adv~iec of His Pi-ivy Clouncil, and
wvith t~h Consen mt of thi( ( uabiiit, ha"s
the powvcr to grout rpithl N S aiill pardloiis, ittet convictimon, foi ill otlciises,
except 10 c mse oft imptetliincnt.
An'ricn, 2 8 The K~iig convenes
the LegiSl,'tt rc 'it the seda(t ofWUvern,
rneiit, 01 at ditlercuit plice, if that
shoul-1d b( (omc ihisecure f roam ant enemy
o)' any (lalirer-ouS (disordier, aiid p~rorogues the same; and in any gre-at
enme rgciiey tie tony, with flue advice of
Ithle Privy Coouncil, coiiveole the Legislature in extraordinary Sessiotn.
ARrlTCLE 29. The King has the
powver to matke Treaties. Treaties inVoit~ilig chaigt~es i-iu the T.aurfror it, mnmy
law onf the Kingdom, slmiall lie refeured
for approx-al to the   Legislaiture.  The
King~ tappoi Iits iPublic, Mi nisteis, wluo
shall be comni missionied, accredited, amid
instruc-ted amrreeiibly to the usage and
laxv of Nations.
AnTICLE, 80. it1 is flue King's- Prerogative to ieei,,e amurd aickiowledge
lPublic 'Ai~niisters;!o infoirn flue TAcLegslatulre by Roymil INI.ssage, from tinue to
time, oif flue staite of the Kiiigdom; fand
to recoin mtend to its- conusider'atioii such
nieasuires ais lie shall judge necessary
and expedient.




- 27 -

AwricbIE 31. The person of thel King,
is iiiviola~ble tad slacied. 1His, Minlis1
ters are i'esponsiblh. To the King- be-.1logs the El'Xeetttive power. All. lawsl
that hiave pa~ss d tine Leg~islative Assent bly, shalt reqfuire His 'Ma-jesty's SignaLUre, inl order to the-,ir validity.
ARTICLE, 320 Whenever, uplOl the
deciase of thle ljeortlijior SoVer j(rI the
11(i1 'sit iii 1) 1 le55 thinl egl' heeii  ecars
of aze, the-, Rmoy'l Power Stlld be exe~rt isted by atRegent or (Con tcil of Iegeuity,,s hmererinafter poidedx u (
AiRuCcA' 33 It slitall ie l iwfnl for
the Kiio, 'at anty tlim( whiin he inty he
about to I-ibsenit hi tmseIf fto onie tnKingdoin., to appoint a liegrent orI C~onneil mif
Regency, who shiah administer the
Governmient in Hits uiane; an11d likewise the King iat iv   yhs atWl
'mmiid T estzfnient, app1ointt a Itegenit or
Councnil. of Rlegency to adminitister the
(X'overainent (uing10  the Minl'iftr y of
ainy Heier to the PThro ne, andt Shmould a
Sove~reerign ( deas(, leaving a, M-inior
leiru atid hILVItig nuol.1e no last WVill
and Test'mntimitt tine (-mhitiet* Clotniiii at
th( timei of 'itich tieccase shall he. a
C(moniittt of Riegetmey, Utitil thle ILagislative Assemtbly, which sha ll in ( tIlled
hitnetatemtitly, ma:.y he.setibem  anid
thle I e-isl'ative A~ssenahfN intitnm diitely
th'at it, is,vm-.ssetlled sha ll pn o~teei 1,o
cho.tsc Im b  ballot, a, 1e-eleit or Council
of lRegeiney, who sh'all adlolin ter~f t te
GoWvet-itietit ill thle tiatoc, of t t K-i t,
andt~ exerecise all thle ltmxvcis witich1 at-e
( ot - ifof t mta lvested il the N i ti,
Utint IIwh shall have attaitteui the age- of'
eigihtceeti Yeats, wVItlih ag'e is mlcelaredl
to h e thle Legal MNajority of sm-itet~
erre igItI.
A erterim: 34A. The K~ing is Sov(i'egtt
of ill the Ch11iefs and of aIll the P'eoptle
the KIiitgdoin is h1i S.
Aietericin 35j* All Titles of Hlonor',
Orders, andi ittlei' disti net ions. cittattate from lie Kit g.
A tcr CI, I  3 6. Th I'II,Ni tIgI, eoinIIS I tooIttey
arid r-egulate's thle enrrettev by lawv.
Ativcic LE, 37. Thle Ki tig, ill cases uif
invazsioti or rebel liotn, eaii placee the
Whole Kitigmdota or naily pat't of it- under
mnartial hlaw.
Anv ti  38  The Nationial Etisign
shia 1 ntot lie elia aged, exeept by Act of
the Legislature.
A ier t ii1.    Th    Kitg'liive
lands and other )aproperty -are iniviolable.


AR1TICLE, 31. The personi of tite King
is iiivioibalenat11( sacreil. HIis, Mintisteris
ate' rctsjuuitsilmle.  To( the PNilx in. a ti t le
Czahi ict helotigs thle Execu tiv e power'1.
All laxNvs tat, have plIissci f lie Legislatuitrc, 'shailI requir icHIis iM'l nest y's sigtilaturit i  iiio 1(1r to theicir val Iidi ty, exceplt
'IS prov~id edl itn A tice Is'.
Atrer:321  X   elmcevct', uphOti   the
decea-se ot the Rei-h.1ii ti Sovercigit, the
Hieir slim II he les, tivitat  cigli tecti yeatns
o)f ag1-e, t la' Rui  ml Po)wer slria II  e cXcrtc  y a Rtegent oi' Cmilii el ofRe
g"eime1y, 'as herchi iftet' lilovithed.
Aunt-ci'tl(LB  383  It shiall Ihe  laxvfnl for
thle 1Kiting Ititaity tulne whlt lie maiy be
'thoit. to absnt, hittlitiself fiota the IKitlgrdihoti tim -aiilutita Itegetit ()I' Cotliteil
(if hicgettey, Wvho) ',hall at(mltitist ci' I lie
Gmmve'itttic1tit ill IHis tiattic; aitild likewvise the( -Kiting mtav- by His last Will
attil T'['stattlle1ti, alipoitit  a  tegcitt. iii
(micttil, if hiegetcicy t ldnimlititist~ct' thec
smi\( evigutl dlceca-c   Icavitig   a   litmitimi
11(1itim ltId hvitmg itmamlde nIt list \Vill
it'll  ITcst'amttnit, thle  (abillettct  at. thIIe
thitti ()I sitch dlecease;( Shatll In a Cmilltitei
itf  1tgnctiy,    1nut ii  the   Legislaftite,
xxwliih Itslia 1 be callcil imtimediately, he
"Isscuiliblem aitu time Legislaturev itititedIt ll jly tant. it is assetllcibl slrial pI iii
mccl1 to elim~se t    bl1)almt,, a  Iitco.~cnt or
(on tcimi of Re-cgcie, NVio( shrall adilntistet t ftc G'o(imvtTIiimiit itttl tit atne of
ti(  Kiting, atid   xeucise all the   liowet's
which1 ate   vcstm..m  itl thle  1K itg, itittil
such.I h1-it' shtal I have at tai mcml the c' mIe
it, cigl itcett yclitt' \Nvlilih age is dIec Ilared
tim lie tIme legal it.ntIjmmiity of Such SmmvciCIgPit.
A  cut 'cii: 14.  l'Thc 1Kitigis Sovereign
of mIt-1 flit Chtiefs andtm ()f illI the peopjle.


A v r it, ri:,     I IAll lIt Ites itt  I Imoitimm)I(t'mlmis, a mml tither, listimtmeimins, eni-antiet fi~mititlthin 1
A ucri II, I,, 3. lime 1K i tII mmmi its ititmney
atmi r-c-1fmil.to.s thle citr~citmc m  law.
A, i IttiL I:17  'lT-TeIii Kit   it cast, mif
inivaIsimnm.t iii'reellitmi, maim11 plamce the
\ltmIl I L)I( Si mIgmImmdoIllt, mIt:y ima it mfi t i, mIttI -
iner' tnarizil — lawv.
A  r  it  8  'P'le Nattitmi ml Euishigi
I;ll timit bin-' ealatgel, cxccpimt by Act mit)
time Legislat mime.
A aie c   a, 39.  The   1Kintg  cainnot lie
S;ici mit mel ml I  to im C  I1 aec iltit   mm iiit   tI i't or
tt'ibuia~t~l ott the 1Kitimlm(muim.
AAri Ou:1.  Thellre slita I  olitti tile
tin  m,.1t CimnImeil i)f Sfatmt, for ailvi7situgr
the Kitng in all unatte's for' thre guomd


A tRTCJrrE 40f.  The Kitig c~minot. iIe
sued to' fiteltd to Imecolit it inl attv Court or
tribUnlal of thre Realmt.




- 28 -


A-RTrTCTv, 41 There shall continue
to he ' Conneiil of S~-tite7 foi' advisinig
the Kil( nol a 'l inm'Pters for the -oodl of
th(e Stcate wheiein   1-h, may riujtire its
advice 'and( for asis5iting( him inii a(ltnllnisteri'ino the E~xectntive aft nis of the
G(loveri'nmeiit in- snic Ii in i i( as, he
inlay (liii(t;which C(otw ii shaill he
C ilit d the Ki nof's Privy ('on iei I of
Staite  aml t)(, nh nih(rs thi(ri of shlilI
he ia1)pT)iiit(d (i y tli( K-iiio' to hold offlee (hirimlo His M i~jestyls pleCasireii


of the State, wherein He may require
its advice, which Connecil shall be
cnile ti te kin 's Privy    Conneil of
State, 'a11( the nmemhers thereof sh'all
he appoiiited by thle King, to hold
office (thirii) Hi fi a~jesty's Jplelisnue,
antid whii( I'i( nic ii shaIll ha"Ive anld exercise oiily stich poxwers aIs are givenl to
it b)y thce ConstitLtn~tio.
ARTICLEn 41. The Clabinet, shahl eonsist, of the Mfiii ster of Foreignt Affairiis,
the Minister of the liiterior, thle Mfinilste' (if Finlance, andl the Attorney (l)'eneial ad they shall be His Majesty's
special adv'isers inl  the   E1,x eent-i tve
af'iris (if the Kiiigdhon; ani(.] they shalt
Ib. ex i-j/icio inembrnhs of His Majesty's
Piv y Conmici I of State  They shall be
appoinlted anld coiniissioiied by thle
hi aiio  d stll b e removed by himi,
onfly npoii( a xVote (it wanit of conlfidlence
fhass( d by a nia jori ty of all, thle elective
im  uleibes of the Leo'islmtnr  o  no
eonivictionl of felonly aund Shaill he snhjiect toi impelachaieii( t No ( t. of the
Kino' shall have aniy effect tmiiss it
b on iteri'jgiiedl by a menriner of the
( i'biiiet, who by thlat si'nmature makes
liiiiist lf i'eslponsihle


ARTTCLE~ 42. The     T~Ang's Cabiiiet IAiIiL       42. lEachi member of the
stled coiisdt of the Miniit4cr of 1 'oi'igi ii (>/ahiiiet shall keep an ii 11ice, at, the seat
Afllairi-i I le Miiii 4r of the I ott i or iOf GOx ci'ii ient, aniid shuall be ae'emniitat1u AMiii sth'" of 1iiiaiice aiid the( \j_ bll toi, the coiidtnct of hiis delmnties 'and
tioriiey (keiicrat o  1) li l&i idea th  Iiks,    Thle Cabinet hold    seats ccx
t~n. s( shiall he His \hLijcst-y's ',peeiai  luoill the Legislatore ic Nvi uh the
Advisers, ini the Ex~e('t ix (aflaiirs oii iiglit to vote, excep~t onl a questiot- of
the Kiiio'donml  muad thyshall be, c,' watlt of contfideiice in them.
0/lieu)~ Meila ibes otf His -NNLijtsty 's Pirivy
Coniicil of "t'ute   Thiey Shall he ai)
P~oil iitiea'.1 cmiiin isioiicul b)y 1i,( lielu
pdeasisnue, siihject to ilinpwa hliiint. No
let f the( 1lxjjjr IGitc d,lhie '11 iy '(~ct
miiless, it In comntci'si-riii hI ai Miiiisteir, wvho by thlit sio'nmlatnir iimikte hili
sellt icsi)Oiisi 1)11
A im'ieii:it  iih ir oxn.  oft~m  mvricmra, 43. The Mfiiiste~r ofFi
-i uig's ( alil in IShadl l e(ip a ii lh(.e 'it IIiiice shial Iprueseult to the L eg'islattire
the seat. of ((-vl-11ox ii m ii  n  l l  aiIn h   a litn (of th e Governmei nut, on
ae1Coii ult ii le foi' thc( oniiliiIf Iliis dep- thle liisti 1mmY y'lf cinch] Bie miai inISessioii,
u1tics 'iall( cleiks. Tihe \ti iiistr i  oild fl  Ii ii filealcia 8viget, inl tile Jiawaitaim
slit's (.1 o/cio, as NohIe' inl the jaris  antd IEnogliSliinongs
I-Ctive Assettbly.
\  tii44. The Mmiiiusteci of li-    A nru( iL 44. The Legislative power
mm i11ce SiciaIl piesentf to tile Lco'i-sLa'ti ye of tilt Klxii milou  is Vested inl the Kinig
Asseun oly in the wma inc f thle A() Iii- awle thel I o I'ti ixiie    hall cimIno it ()II the flist day of thli' meet ingo sist of tlie(, N obles aiild Representcatives
of the Leouslatnre, the Fil naimelcal Bod1(  sittmimg together.
get, ini tile Haw.vaiian.and English lii
gii ages.
Awiitcim:, 45. Thle Legislative power    Aiv rici~v, 45. The Legislative Body
of thec Thlree Estates of flits IK4-ingloi  s iall he styled thle Legislnatiure of thre
is xVested inl t he K i algad tilie. Lcgila 1 m aHaixx m ii hi iiidoun aiidl shall asseuntive Asseully     vliliAscnhl sia Il blt biennially        -inte month of May.
consist of the, Nobles appointeil,by the Tre fitirst, regniar session shiall be hield




- 29 -

K-ing, and of the Representatives of
the People, sitting) together.
ARTICLE 46. The L.egislative body
shall assemnble hiemiii alkl, inl the iiionilh
of AprilH, a iid at sueII li o!.he timle as thle
Kinitg meI-i j ud ge ti eeessa ry, fo r th Ie put'I --
pose of seekitig( the( welfare of f le INCatdoli. Thlis bOdy Sliall he stVle(1 t lie
Legislature of thle Hawvaiiani Kiiigdon.
ARTICAE 471 Every meivihet'of the I
Le-islitive Asseimbh shaill taike the
followviiiro'th: I ms    oeiivser
inl the pi s'ei( e of \liuthrhty Gaoll that
I will fulaitfully support the o-Iiititii -
tionl of tile  II H wdiii1 i in diicoi  anIld
('oiiscieiitiousl a tid ini' 'ii"t ia 11 (its-,
eliat-1 i' V oiv dutiCS' is a nt Mh~e of this
Assembly.
A iRTJ Cj in:, 48.  TeLe-islafture h~as
full power and lauthority to) aIne-idl tie
Conistituitioni as hecreinlafter pItrovded;
and~ froma thime to timte tot mak1w all
aIt -111er of whiolesomie lawsS imt If epugrmaut to the p~rovisionis of tthe C'oiiStitUtioii.
Awirictrai 49. rflw Kicihgshiall signify
IHi 'ipplttox il of oial 111)1l md olc lolwl,
havIich  dle]  have passed thle he isleprei''ouis fto the hailu risialo (if the lg —
islaii rtt But if lie shall Ooltc t to thle
pzassi ii of Such BillI or I 0) lii tot ii I IA
X  iii hi, ~~~ ho s~~t ill eiiter the~, 10( of
will Ii  ttir oi it' tout ii d Lnidk cu
B llh ri te-ol mIitts~t jiurnll no ballotg itch
forward thereafter durling the samle uses
Sioin.


in the year of our Lord Eighteen
hundred land E'ighty-eight.
ARTiCLEi: 4G.     Every   tiietulet' oif the
EeijC1slat tire sh1all ntake  thle  fo ilowi tig
(ItatI:  r soleii itlly swea in, ili the  pieseeeof A.l in ihtv   God, thlat,       will
faii thfu1lly Support the   Colltifiittioti1 of
thle Hlawaiiani K-i igdoiti anl eotiseietitioulsly atll iiiplaftital ly d iseharge tlly
ditties as a mnember, of the Legislatuire.
A huerice, 46.     [lise  i ~egisiat ure hias
full Pomvet atal tauthority to) -ant end thte
Cotisti tultioti as liemreil after. proX'videdl
ati'd fronti t imte to ti tue to tina1w all.
matitier (if whtolesoime law.\s, tiot repugnaut to thle Coltisftettiil.
A wrirciiE 48. Every bill whiiehi shall
hvaVe Pa11sse( Ithe I cegisl a it I I- sia II, loftore
it heronIIIes l axv, he prhesetItt'ih to theI INitIg.
If lie a ppirove lie Shall sighl it 'atul it
slialt Itli-erey hecome a law, blot if not, lie
slial I returnii it. withI his obJect iotis, to
the Legisl'ature, whia h sitall o tierth le
ohbJeetiotis 'at I u'ole onl thlen jonuriual ai l
trocteeed to reeoinsider' it   It 'iftet' slieli
t'-eittmist(deraitioti  it sli ill btt 1.1pprt't-'d
by a.I hvo-t~hud-, vote of 'all the( eleetive
miieliiibet's of thle L egrislitutie it, shial I beeo11,tiie la Iix Ini ai suceh c'ases thle vo)te
shall1 he deterit tiedic  h)   "I isuil mts
atid thl Ia' ittis o)f th lie  r1(1'otis  vol i tigr
for atu'ld ag.ainst the  1)111 slaid   he etiterled ott the.1 or a I of t lie LegislafuiIre.  If ally Bill Shall itot, be ret ut'tt1ed
by the( K11ing with li teti (lays (Sit tuday
execcptedI) after. it shaIll have beenl lieselitted to ihitli, tilie samite sh1all he a law
fil like nlialitiet' as if lIe had signied it,
ii tiless the Legislatit te by t heir:oljtot ittit. Shall utot lie a ltaw.
N mett.'i1 49.   T[le   Legislal itro shall
Ia  I lI ejuile ttf the (I i(d Iicit'~Iiotis, of
Itlf( I Ie  oi't'ile~l hyo'mla, aold 'a Iliahit-tit( ss; lbut a Smtalite' tititubl. tenaly
sotIt   fitiiit(t ditti imtolet' stith  pealties;is thicleg c~islattiire miay itrotvitle.


I,.           - 1,      ryl I - __   T-,  __! -.I., 4.... "  'A' " I Y


N.antiLE 'l      Th0  e  Legislative As- I   A i'ttete1011   [ti'e  meiiu
seii itv sut11Iteflt'j utge ttf thepi ti-ehoie its ttwVIi tilieet'rs allotl let erninle
fiottittits o~f its ov~ Iiitettihet's, antI a" thle Rutles tif its own pi'tteeeiltigs.
in  rijtttt  sltiall (moistitiite a qi1mtittmt lto
dit litsiiess; lot ka Sin1allet' itititihltet
umi'ay adtjotuirii ftitn. Iday to ilav,I a11
comtiltt(I flit'ilenmIt ito of labs-etit ituetitOs in such inatitii antI utnder sueth




- 30 -


penalties as the Assembly may provide.
ARTICLE 51. The Legislative Assembly shlall choose its own officers and
determine the Rules of its own proceedings.
ARTICLE 52. The Legislative Assembly shall have authority to punish
by i l) prisol meint, not exceeding thirty
days, every persoii, not a member, who
shaIll Ie guilty of disrespect to the Assembnly, by any disorderlly or contemptuous behavior in its presence; or who,
during the time of its sitting, slhall
publish any false report of its proceedings, or insulting conlenlts upon the
same; or who shall threaten harm to
the body or estate of any of its nmembers, for anything said or done ill the
Assembly; or who slall assault any of
them therefor, or who shlall assault or
arrest any witness, or other plerson
ordered to attendl tile Assembly, in his
way goinog or returnling; or who shall
rescue any person arrested by order of
the Asscemblly.
ARTICLE 53.  The Legislative Assetmbll)y nlay 1)unisl its own members
for disorderly behavior.
AhTICIluE 54. The Legislative Assemlbly shall keep a journal of its proceedlilgs; andl the yeas land nays of the
Imell)ers, onl any (questiot, slhall at thie
desire of one fiftlh of those present, be
entered on the journal,
ARTICLE 55. The members of the
Legislative Assembly   shall, in all
cases, except treasoln, felony, or breach
of the peace, be privileged from arrest


ARTICLE 51. The Legislature shall
have authority to punish by imprisonment, not exceedling t'lirty days, every
person, not a member, who shall be
guilty of disrespect to the Legislature
by any dlisorderly or contemptuous
behavior in its presence; or who, during
the time of its sitting, shall publish
any false report of its proceedings, or
insulting comments upon the sarne; or
who shall threaten harmn to the body
or estate of any of its members for
anything said or done in the Legislature; or who slall assault any of them
tlerefor; or who shall assault or arrest
any witness, or other person ordered to
attend the Iegislature, on his way
going or returning; or who shall rescue
any person arrested by order of the
Legislature.
ARTICLE 52. The Legislature may
punish its own mnembers for disorderly
behavior.
AtrrcrLE 53. The Legislature shall
keelp a joutrnal of its 1)roceetdillgs; alld
tlie yeis land nays of tlhe nmlellbers, on
any question, shalla, at tlhe desire ()f
one-fifth of those present, be entered
on thle journal.
Article 54. The lmelblers of the
Legislature shall, iin all casses, except
treason, felony, (or breach o)f the peace,
be privileged frorm arrest (lurilng their
attenldance at tlle sessions of thle Legislature, a11(l in going to and retu'ring
from tle same; p)rovide(l such privilege
as to goinig and returning shall not
'overl a peri(od of over twenty (days;
and( they shall not be held to anlswer
for any speecll or debate made in the
Legislature, in any  court or place
whatsoever.
Article 55.   Thle  Representatives
shall receive for their services a comnpensation to be determined by law,
and paid out of the Public Treasury,




- 31


duiringo their attendnneea't the Sessons
of thte 'nLeryislatur-e, an'd h  Xin fr~n to 'mnd
returning from    thle staiH  'ard they
shaln11iot he hcel(l to "Iiliswer for aniv
speech or (debate made inl thie Assembly, inl any other Court or place whatsoc ver.
Artaicle 5"6.  The   P( pirsent dtives
shall receive~ for their services ar coinpen intion. to he asceertaila(I thN Ia rxnd1(
p~aid Out Of tile Pu~blic hurs  i xnt 110
rucrease of coinpensatioii shlia take
et~ect do irinc the year. inl Nvidhr( it, shailI
havexl- kni n mad.e; and no Iamxxsh ill, hei
passedi, incr-easing the (0l111 )( n.s:at iOn of
saidt lRCI)tesent-atives hoyoiill thle sumi
of Out lHundlred lanti F'itty IDolltirs for
each seissioni.
Article 57. Thle fC.ing appoints the
Nobles, who shall hold their- anpojirtmeirts dui ring, life, sut)Ject to tlire 1)10 -visions of Article 153 b Iut their niumb er
shall rnot execeed twenty.
Article 58. No person shall bc apPointedi a Noble whio slit-til not heave
attaiined the age of twenty-one years
and resided ini the Kinrgdomn live years.
Article 59. The Nobles shall be a
Court with full and sole authority to


but, no inin ease of compensation shiall
tankel etzect trii il'te bietunhit term11 inl
whieh it sli ill Ii ixve bweni madle; andi no
law shall he J-insel iniereasiug- thle compenisit ion 'if Rel~i esenitati yes heVonid
thle sum  (if Iwo(- 1itnidredt and   Fifty
Dollars caer i for reaci hienniial termIl.
Aritiche 5(     \  IN oh)Ic  slI Irll II )e a
suhljcct oif tile Krngv(loml, who Shall have
atanedl thie 'ige ((f t wenity-fv-te years
aInti resi(Ie(l iii the Kiio~ndonn thr-ee
years, an(l shall he the (niwie (if taxahile
pllollerty ill t11is K.i riloni (if tI ie va1lue
iif Phrlee Th~lims~and~ Dfol Iars, over and
aihove all encinnhr-anees-,, oi    receipJt
of an imlomime of inot less thanl Six
iHurirreri Dollars iper annum.
Article 57.   Thie Nobles shall he a
Courft, with full1 and sole auithor-ity to
In a~r aind hieterlinei i all impewach inclits
inade hy t lie. Rrsit t e,:s thle
(X ial( Id 111(1 Iest" of tHie 1K i iigdminl, argn i list
anyV otirers ti   h   Iirdon      o     mis(oi0i(hiict orI inaainiita     ioi  i  their
(itic-es; hut, previ otis to the tr-ial of every
MIPmj achiieiit the Nohfles shall reslpecti vely he sworn, trufly anrd i in )artially to ty and(1( determiiine the elm i11ge
fii qetion", ractoii (i lug toi evi(leince a iid
laxv. IThei r 'i1(igiieiit, lioweveir, sun Ii
nlot ('xt( id fuit her flhain toi renillval
from- ofh i   rul (is(Ilualificatioii to 11(11(
or' elnjiyan plx11nec of honor, tiust, or
p)ro Iit In noler t Iiis (Gboverinmineit; 11,01 tth
party s(o (colie (t(d shall h~e, iiev'rtlieless, Ii ah.  1(o iid ict nent, trial, I id~gmeiit aiid ptl iishirrleiit acco-irn ig to tire
laws of the han11d.
A rticle  58.   Twenty-fou r     Nohies
shall bie elected as fol lows:   Six fromt
thle Island of H-aNNvaii; six fr-oml tlire
Islanrls of Malani, M~olokai  a -nd Lanai;
nine from    thle Islandi of On hlii; and
thr-ee from the Isharnds of Karuai anti
Nillnau.   At  the   first- election  hield
under this CIonstitutrton, thiet Nobiles.shall lie electedl to serv xiiintil thne
general election. to the ILeorsltmtn-e, for
the yeair of our Loid 1.890, at whicht
election, and    thereafter, the   N ohl Ies
Shall he elected ait thle sarme timIn andi
lilaces mrs thle Repr-esent'rtives.  At thte
elect~ioii for the yeai (if our Ljord 1890,
Ione-thiir of thne Nobles from ewnehi rof
Ithe dlivisioiis afhiresaridl sh ill lIbe electedi
for two yearis, an~i oiie-tlri id foi' four
Years, aind one-third for six years, and
the elcossiah I hal lot for thein      for
suchi terns, irespectively; arnd at all
sti bseq ueiit geiierarl elect ions they slirrl
tie elected fo~r six yetar's. The(,, Nob~les
shall. serve without p~ay.
Article 59.    Every    mlale  resident
of the, Hawaiian Islands, of Hawaiian,




-  32 -

liuan '111( lestel tnie Kill I dnipe' h wincuts
Ifl ly offcn tfhte Kii(ing(itltl e, 85l tIns
(-rnd lic lf-l4                      ilf the Iiiln  ii,  
offiies; but p1)11 viton to the ti1111 of
rsetvely 1)0 swol'l, t'i-ily 'and (1 -Jai 111iX  to  try  a11(  (letel'liiii   th(
elhairo'e, in (Itliestlonl it(col'(itllg to 0v1 -(101ce ando tlit I lav    11h(11' judillen t,
ho)\ve(ei', sh ~Il hot extthid furithe(r thlan
to) re ii o valI fro ii i o ttile c aniid (Ii s (iialt Ii t a'tt i oII to)Ii 10(1(11- - Ii (lly.o dhl Ilfpee"I. o f 1101101'o,
trust, 01' lprohti u1n(10r this Governtinent;
b1t the. par'ty So1 'onlvicted sh~ld 1 e,
niev(''tlielessit 1h(1 I) 11It to nimll it trial,
j uidgnineti a11( pun ishnieuit-aceon'(h n.- to
thle lttws of the 11           No   Mlinister
shall sit -is a. Nobie onl the trial ot any
impeachment.
Article 630. The Representation of
tle People shall 1be based n 1ponl the
pr'uieip~'.1 of e(juiahity, kald shatll ibe reguhlated 811(1 aIpportiotled b)V tihe Legishatore accord(inlg to tile poIplilatiolI, to be
aseeittii-110(1, fr'om  ti ttie to itin~e, by tlte
othejial vehlsisU.   The liepr1esetltaiti yes
s11a11  ilot  1)0  less  ill illineit  thani
tweilty-fOlt 1, 1101' more thani forty, who
shall. be elected bietinially.


Anleriean 01' Eur opetqn bitt h 01' deflt
Who Sh-all. ha1ve att'a 1ined the ac-e of
tweitly yearIils, 811(1 sh dl hIx-v  pail us,
taeand( sh'all have eauttse~d his, 1(81110
to he enlter'ed oni the list of Votf's to)'
Nob les for, his (15t1'l(t, slid be ati.1
(,lc(,tol' of Nobles',:I11( T 'Jiall be en1titledto vote at any e. ( (tion. of1 Nobles7
Firs: Tht he Shall hive reid~ied iln
tile eon nitiy not less than thl leeye's
and in the dllstt'lt inl wvieh hie ofleis to
vote, iiot less, thin tbhtee month1 s fin.tiedia-tely  pr 1ecedhi g  tile  election  at
wh1-.Ileb h  of i~s to vote:
KSc(eodcl Tb 1t hie Shall owni and( be
110550550, (1 111111 OWl rIght'i(1   ol tIaxabieh
l)1'(7l))tyt ini this 5(ountrty' oif thle raltne ot
riot, less flbian I tee Thousatn( Dollars
over 111( ulnd abo. "ill, etneliillbratlees, or
Sh1-811 haveO aetitally 'e('eiv101 (if 1i hieome
of iot less thanl 'Six Hundredt'     D)ollars
di 'tgthe  year 1k xt prece~dintig  his
regist ratiot) toi' Such e lec(tion:
1/1i1(1: Thlat lie shil (11 hI ble to i'ead
ptiplert prtintted1 in either tli( I fawai ian,
1Eilghish 01' sonicl 11"llrtopl)("u lingoa11:ge:
il(O'f/1: rrhiat h.( shill IiiaVe ta ken
aii) oaith to) sllppmott the ( onstitoti(oni
atid l1aws, Suchl oaItll to 1)1 1(1d1ill stet~ed
by alty p   snai ho     /(   oI    fi)itr
oat hs, or bly mtty I 1slpef'tor- of E''leetionls:
Pt'lovid( (1 hiowevert, thilt thi ret'efirenietits of i, three veisl' i'esideiiee 811(1
of abilitty to todId c111 f0t11)eb('td an
orilliitiai y ief \X5I).1t1, p1 lttf(d eithe'. ill
tile liatwatian 11 to_' nlislh or 501110 Europfaill filuourliga) i hll not iapply to
personst1 r'(st(11fig ill the Kingd'(omi a-t the
timtie of tin proiilnmi gtmi of this
Coa'sti tutlonl if they shaIll regrister an11(
vote tit thif titSt (('ectiot Wvhichl shahl be
held tindoer' this C1onsti tutionl.
Article IOt. There sliall Ile twetityfomr   leplltesnfitit't  es  of  tile  pleople
electedl 1)11 1111111y, exeept  thiose tir'st
elected 1u1de i this ("on sti tu tion, Who
shiall. servo, Uitil the. gellerat electifon
for the year of onar Lord( 18901.       The
i'epreset"ittiflt shall be ho"sed miponl the
pt'ificipl)0   oft e1jaliy,  td   shall 1(0
l'egnIa11tefi atid hIIpoI'tiohIlfl by tile
AIeg-islI atte  eoi'fli jtigto te )0)1 ppla-timII
to be. -Iseettailiel, fi'oin ti tue to tith Ie,
by the( othjal1 eilIsus. lBnt Unitil suehI
'applh7)on'm1)1101t, Ily thle Legislatit're, the
appoortioinment 1n0w esfablisiiedi by law
shall r'emaian iii foi'ee, with thle followilmg exeeptiotis, tnamlely: there swial h e
hot Iwo IDpeeiaiye          o'teiisti'iets
(If H-ilo  antid  Pillm, oil thle IslatdolIf
H11awa.ii; bl~lt 0110 for thle  lst'tsof
Laha-ina a1n0d Kttanapali, on tile Island
of Maui; an~d but one for the Distric~ts




- 33 --


Article 61. No person shall be eligible for a Represeltative of the People, who is insaineot an id(iot; nor unless
he be a male subject of the Kitngdom,
wiio shall have airrlivedl at the full Iage
of Twenty-onle years-who sLhall know
how to reald andl write —who shall understa nll ac(coun 1 ts-a:llnd sll).11 have )been
domiciled in the Kingdoml for at least,
three years, the last of which shall be
the year imnmediately prece(lillg his
electioll; and who shall own Real Estate, within the Kingdom, of a clear
value, over and above all inc.umnbratces,
of at least Five Hund(red Dollars; or
who shall have an annual income of
at least Two Hundred andl Fifty Dollars, derived from  any property, or
some lawful enmpoymnent.
Article 62. Every male subject of
the Kingdo n, who shall have paid his
taxes, wlho shall hlave attained tile age
of twenty years, and shall have been
domiciled in the Kingdom for one year
immediately preceding the election;
and shall be possessed of Real Rroperty in the Kingdom, to the value, over
and above all illcumbrances of One
Hundred andl Fifty l)ollars-or of a
Leasehold property on which the rent
is Twenty live I)ollars per year-or of
an income of not less than SeventyFive )Dollars per year, lderived from
any lprop rty or sonme lawful eIlnployment an, slhall know how to rea(l land
write, if born sillce the year 1S40 andll
shall have caused his name to be entered on the list of voters of his District
as may be provide(l by law, shall be
entitlel to onle voto for the Replresentative or Representatives of thlat District. Providede, however, that no in
sane or idiotic personl, nor atly person
who shall have been convicted of any
infamous crime witlinl this Kingldomn,
unless l  le shall have been l)ar(doned by
the Kingl, and by the terms of stlch
pardon have been restored to all tile
riglits of a subject, shall be allowed to
vote.
Article 63. The property qualification of the Rep)resentatives of the
People, and of the Electors, nmay he increased by law.


of Koolauloa and Waialua, on the
Islalnd of Oahu.
Article 61.  No   person shall be
eligible as a RIelresentative of the
people unless he be a male stblject of
the litingdol(l)l, wlho sliall lthave arrived
at the full age of twenty-one years;
wlho shall know lhow to read( and write
either the Hltawaiian, English or some
E',uropean language; \llo slhall lunderstanld accotults; who slall have l been
dlomiciled ill the Iilngdo(ll for at least
three years, the last of wlicll slhall be
the year imnmediately prece(ding his
electionl; andl who shall own real estate
within the Ki(lgdolm of a clear value,
over andl above all enei unmbranlces, of at
least Five Hundred I)ollatrs; or wlo
shall have an antnual incomie of at least
Two Hutnlred lanld Fifty Dollars, derived fromn any property or some lawllul
em lloyenCl t.
Article 62.  Every  male resident
of the Kingdton, of Hawaiia.l, American, or Europela birth or descent, who
shall have taken an oath to support the
Constitution and laws in the nlanner
provided for electors of Nobles; who
shall have paid hlis taxes; who shall
ha-ve attained the age of twenty years;
atnd shall have been (loiicile(l in the
King(dom  for one year immeldiately
precedinlg the electioni; and slall know
how   to read andl write either the
Hawaiia, EInglish or some European
language, (if born silee the year 1840),
anld sllall liave ca1sed his lnatte to be
elitered on the list of voters of his
district as may be l)rovi(leIl by law,
shall be entitled to one vote for the
Relresentatti ve or Representatives of
that district; provilded, llowever, that
the requiremelits of bein)g!do)ieiled in
the Kingdloln for otne year imm ediately
preceding the election, a1nd of knowing
how  to readl atld write, eitlter the
Hatwaii.an, English or somre European,tlanguatge, shall not apply to persons
residilng in this Kingrdlom at the titme
of tlhe plromultgatiot of this Constitution,
if they shall register antl  vote at the
first election which shall be held under
this Colstitution,
Article 63.-No person slall sit as
a  Noblo  or Relpresentative in tile
Legislltutre unless electe(d lirnder, and
In conformity with, the provisions of
this Colnstittitonr.  T'le )ltro)erty or
Income (tlialitication of IRepresentatives, of Nobles, and of Electors of
Nobles, may be increased by law; and
a property o!' income qualification of
Electors of Representatives, may be
reqated and altered by law.




- 34 


Article 64. The Judicial Power of
the Kingdom shall be vested in one
Supreme Court, and in such Inferior
Courts as the Legislature may, from
time to time, establish.
Article 65.  The Supreme Court
shall consist of a Chief Justice, and not
less than two Associate Justices, any
of whom may hold the Court. The
Justices of the Sulreme Court shall
hold their offices during good behavior,
subject to removal upon impeachment,
and shall, at stated times, receive for
their services a compensation, which
shall not be diminished during their
continuance in office. Provided, however, that any Judge of the Supreme
Court or any other Court of Record
may be removed from office, on a resolution passed by two thirds of the Legislative Assembly, for good cause shown
to the satisfaction of the King. The
Judge against whom the Legislative
Assembly may be about to proceed,
shall receive due notice thereof, accompanied by a copy of the causes alleged
for his removal, at least ten days before the day on which the Legislative
Assembly shall act thereon. He shall
be heard before the Legislative Assembly.
Article 66. The Judicial Power
shall be divided among the Supreme
Court and the several Inferior Courts
of the Kingdom, in such manner as the
Legislature may, from time to time,
prescribe, and the tenure of office in
the Inferior Courts of the Kingdoin
shall be sucll as may be defined by the
law creating them.
Article 67. The Judicial Power shall
extend to all cases in law and equity,
arising under the (Constitution and
laws, of this Kingdom, andl Treaties
made, or which shall be made under
their -uthority, to all cases aftecting
Public Ministers and Collsuls, and to
all cases of Admiralty and Maritime
jurisdiction.
Article 68. The Chief Justice of the
Supreme Court slall be the Chancellor
of the King(lomn; lie shall be ex officio
President of the Nobles in all  ases of
impeachment, unless when impeached
hinself; and exercise such jurisdiction
in equity or other cases as the law nay
confer upon him: his decisions being
subject, however, to the revision of the
Supreme Court on appeal. Should the
Chief Justice ever be impeached, some
person specially comnmissioned by the
King shall be President of the Court
of Impeachment during such trial.
Article 69. The decisions of the Su.


Article 64. The Judiciary Power of
the Kingdom shall be vested in one
Supreme Court, and in such inferior
Courts as the Legislature may, from
time to time, establish.
Article 65. The Supreme Court shall
consist of a Chief Justice, and not less
tihal two Associate Justices, any of
whom may hold the Court. The Justices of the Supreme Court shall hold
their offices during good behavior, subject to removal upon impeachment,
and shall, at stated times, receive for
thoir services a compensation, which
shall not be diminished during their
continuance in office. Provided however, that any Judge of the Supreme
Court or any other Court of Record
may be removed from office, on a resolution passedl by two-thirds of all the
members of the Legislature, for good
cause shown to the satisfaction of the
K ing. The Judge against whom the
Iegislature may be about to proceed,
shall receive notice thereof, accompanie( by a copy of the causes alleged
for his removal, at least ten (lays before
the (lay on which the Legislature shall
act thereon. He shall he heard before
the Legislature.
Article 66. The Judicial Power shall
be divided among the Supreme Court
and the several inferior Courts of the
Kingdom, in such    manner as the
legislature may, from time to time,
prescribe, and the tenure of office in
the inferior Courts of the Kingdom
shall be such as may be (defined by the
law creating them.
Article 67. The Judicial Power shall
extend to all cases in law and equity,
arising under the Constitution and
laws of this Kingdom, and Treaties
male, or which shall be made under
their authority, to all cases affecting
Public Ministers and Consuls and to
all eases of Admiraity and Maritime
jurisdiction.
Article 68. The Chief Justice of the
Supreme Court shall be the Chancellor
of the Kingdoml; lie shall be ex officio
President of the Nobles in all cases of
imrpeachlmtent, unless whenli mlpeached
himlself; and shall exercise such jurisdiction in equity or other cases as the
law may confer upon him; his decisions being subject, however, to the
revision of the Supreme Court on appeal. Should the Chief Justice ever
be impeached, some person specially
commissioned by the King shall be
President of the Court of Impeachment
during such trial.
Article. 69, The decisions of the iu



- 35 -

preme C(ourt, when made )by a majority
of the.lustices thereof, shall be final
and conclusive upon all parties.
Article 70. The King, His Cabinet,
anfd tile Legislative Assembly, slhall
have allthority to require tthe opitions
of the Justices of tle Supremle Court,
upon importlant questions of law, antl
upon solemni occasions.
Article 71. 'i'lTe King appoints the
Justices of the SIupreme Court, and all
other Judges of Con rts of Record; their
salaries are fixed by law.
Artiel, 72. No judge or \Magistrate
can sit alone on an appeal or ntew trial,
in any case on which he may have
given a previous judgment.
Article 73. No person shall ever hold
any office of Honor, Trust, or Proiit
under the Governmenet of the H:awaiian
Islands, who shall, in (tile course of law,
have been convicted of Theft, Bribery,
Peljury, Forgery, 1Emibezzlement, or
other high crime or niisdemteanor, unless he shall have been pardoned by
the King, and restored to his Civil
Rights, and by tle express terms of
his pardon, declared to be appointable
to offices of Trust, Honor, and Profit.


premne Court, when made bya majority
of the Justices tltnreof, shall be final
and conclusive upon all p1arties.
Article 70. 'The ling, His Cabinet,
and( the Iegisla:ture shaltl have authority to require the opinions of the Justices of the Supreme Court, upon ilmportant questionls of law, and upon
solemn(l occasions.
Article 71. The King appoints the
Justices of the Supreme Court, tand all
otlier Judlges of thle (C llrts of Record.
Their salaries are fixed by law.
Article 72. No Judge or Magistrate
shall sit all alone on ani alppeal or new
trial, in any case on which lie may
have given a previous j l(udgelnt.
Article 73. The following persons
shall not be perllited to register for
voting, to vote, or to hold office under
any delparntment of the Govern ment, or
to sit in tile 1Jegislature, namely: Any
person who is iinsane or an idiot, or
any person who shall have been convicted of any of the following named
otffbnses, viz: Arson, Barratry, Bribery,
Burglary, Counterfetiting, Emb1 ezzlement, Felonious Brainding of Cattle,
Forgery, Gross Cheat, Incest, Kidnapping, Larceny, Malicious Burlliug,
Manslaughter in the First l)egree,
MAl( rer,  Peij ury, Rape, Robbery,
Sodonmy, Treason, Subornation of Perjury, and Malfeasance in Office, unless
he shall have been pardoned by thle
King and restored to his Civil R.ights,
and b)y the express terms of his pardon
declared to be eligible to offices of Trust,
Honor and l'rofit.
Article 74. No officer of this Government shall hold any office, or receive
any s.alary fromn any other Government
or Power whatever.
Article 75. The Legislature votes
the Ap)lropl riatiol hienn ially, after due
consideration of the revenue and expenditure for the two preceding years,
and the estimates of the revenue and
expenditure of tl:e two succeeding
years, which shall be submitted to
them by the Minister of Finance.
Article 76. T'he enacting style in
making and passing all Acts and Laws
thall be, "Ble it enacted by the King,
and the Legislature of the Hawaiian
Kingdom."
Article 77. To avoid improper influelcees which may result from intermixing in one and the same Act, such
things as have no proper relation to
each otler, every law shall embrace
but one object, and  that shall be
expressed in its title.


Article 74. No officer of this Government shall hold any office, or receive
any salary from any other Government
or Power whatever.
Article 75. The Legislature votes the
Appropriations biennially, after due
consideration of the Revenue and expenditure for the two preceding years,
and the estimates of the revenue and
expenditure of the two succeeding
years, which shall be submitted to them
by the Minister of Finance.
Article 76. The enacting style in
making and passing all Acts and Laws
shall be, "Be it enacted by the King,
and the Legislative Assembly of the
Hawaiian Islands, in the Legislature
of the Kingdom assembled."
Article 77. Toavoid improper influences which may result from intermixing in one and the same Act, such
things as have no proper relation to
each other, every law shall embrace
but one object, and that shall be expressed in its title.




- 36 -


Article 78. All laws now in force in  Article 78. Wherever by this Conthis Kingdom, shall continue and re- stitution any Act is to be done or
main in full effect, until allered or perforlned by the King or tile Soverrepealed ly the Legislature; such parts eign, it shall, unless otherwise exonly eXcel)ted as are rel)lpugnant to this pressed(, mnean that such Act shall be
Constitutioll. All laws heretofore enl- (done andll l)erformled by the Sovereign
acted, or that may hlereafter be enlcted(, by and( with the advice and consent of
which -are contralry to this CoIstitu- the Catbillet.
tion, sllall be nlull and: void.
Article 79. This Colstitution shall  Article 79. All Laws now in force
be in force from the rwentieth da y of in tlis Kiingdomn, shaill continue and
August in theyearOnle Thousand Eight remain in full effect, uItil altered or
Hundrl(ld a1nd Sixty-F'our, butt that reptealed by the Legislature; such parts
there may I)e no failure( of justice, or only excepted as are rel)ugnllt to tlis
inconvenience to the Kigdiomn, fron I Constitution. All laws heretofore enany change, all otficers of this King- acte(l, or tlat may hereatfter be enacted,
doii. at the ti  this Costittion shll wi    c thit C tihis Constitution,
take effct, shall have, hold, andl exer- shall be null and void.
cise all the power to them granted, until other persons shall be appointed in
their stead.
Article 80.  Any  amendment or      Article 80. The Cabinet shall have
arnmendments to this Constitution may power to make and publish all necesbe proposed in the Legislative Assenm- s;.ry  rules and regulations foi the
bly, and if the same shall be agreed to holding of any election or elections
by a majority of members thereof, ulnder this Constitution, prior to the
s11h1 proposed amendment or amend- passage bIy the Legislature of appromerits shall be entered on its journal, priate laws for such purpose, and to
With the yeas and nays taken there- provide for administering to officials,
on, and referred to the next Legislature; subjects and residents the oath to supwiich proposed amendment or amend- port this Cocs!:itution. The first elecments shall be published for three tonl hereun ler shall be held within
molnths previous to the next election ninety days after the promulgation of
of E[epresentatives; and if in the next this Constitution, and the Legislature
Legislature such proposed amendment then  elected may be convened at
or amendments shall be agreed to by H)nolulu upon the call of the Cabinet
two-thirds of all the members of the Council, in extraordinary session at:Legislative Assembly, and be approved such time as the Cabinet Council may
by the King, such ameandment or deem      necessary, thirty days notice
a.nendments shall become part of the thereof being previously given.
Constitution of this country.        Article 81. 'Phis Constitution shall
KAMEIHAMEHA R.         be in force from the 7th day of July,
A. D., 1887, but that there m Iy be no
failuret of justice, or convieieace to the
Ki igdom, from any change, all officers
of this Kingdom, at the time this ConStitution shall take effect, shall have,
hold, and exercise all the power to
them granted Such officers sh'all take
an oath to support this Constitution,
within sixty days after the promulgation thereof.
Article 8'.  Any amendment or
amendments to this Constitution lnay
be proposed in the Legislature and if
the same shall be agreed to by a
majority of the members thereof, such
proposed amendment or amendments
shall be entered on its journal, with
the yeas and nays taken thereon, and
referred to next Legislature; which
proposed amendment or amendments
shall be published for three months
previous to the next election of Representatives and Nobles; and if in tUe




- 37 -


next Legislatures eli proposed amendDniet]t orl a 1endlmlents shall be agr-eed
to lby two-d irils of all thre meniherss of
the Legislatuire, sneeli a nendl ient 01'
11ame"Ildiillents slhaIll hcome part of the
Constitution of this h-iii-doni.
KALAKAUA REX.
By the King,
W., L. G i zEN
Minister of Finance.
HONOLIU, 1,IT
OA-HU.i
I, KALATKCATA, King of the
Jawai ian Is. Slands, ill thle lleseicee of
Almighty 00(1, (10 solemnly swear to
maintain thlis (CoImstituition whole and
in violate, and to govern ill eonforniity
therewith.
KALAKAUA REX.
Snbscribed ai-nd sworn to
beforie mire this sixth( day
of July, A. I)., li87.
A. F'. J-UDD,
Gh'if Jw'wc (4f the S'J)rcmre Court,
anI CGhancellor qf the Kingdom.




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