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THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT,
MOUNT VERNON PLACE. 
&hit:.Tr -r ~ i   -r -r    -t YL,1YA-I!    jj~
BY
EORGE OW. AowA~D.
~
BALTIMORE:
J. D. EHLERs & CO., ENGRAVERS AWD STEAM BOOK PRINTERS,
87 Second Street,
1873.
ti
.ROR
I 
I —
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1878, by
GEORGE W. HOWARD,
In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C
P'  i,yX
l.y I a
!    YES I
e  it  I 
14 
TO
CIIAUNCEY BROOKS, ESQ.
This volume is dedicated by its author, as an humble testimony of the
personal esteem he has entertained for him through a long series ofr
years, and as, in some measure, a memorial of the proud position that
gentleman to-day occupies in the city of Baltimore. Time in its cycles
works many changes. Some men are unable to stem the current of'
adverse fortune, and pass away with naught left to embalm their
memories, save the sad thought that their efforts were honest but unavailing; while others live to see the realization of their hopes and theglorious fruition that accompanies a well-spent and successful life.  To
the latter class Mr. Brooks belongs, and it seems peculiarly appropriatethat a volume professing to give a sketch of Baltimore, with a succinct
recital of the vast resources she at present possesses, should be dedicated
to one who is so thoroughly identified with her history through a period
of more than fifty years. Mr. Brooks, at a ripe old age, can look with,
pleasure upon gigantic corporations, great business enterprises, and
mechanical forces, the birth of which he favored, and whose feeble
infancy he strengthened by timely, judicious and unostentatious aid.
That He who knoweth the good deeds of men may bountifully lengthen
out his life, and that his future may be as peaceful and serene as his
past has been useful and honored, is the prayer of the
AUTHOR.
) Ott a J9 TO 
I
I 
PR:EFACE.
IT is proposed in the present volume to give a sketch of the past of Baltimore,
with brief allusions to those crises which marked her history and exercised an
important bearing upon her progress as a city, also a running essay upon the
useful and esthetic features which make her to-day the most desirable location
in America for those in search of homes, or contemplating a change of residence;
together with short but comprehensive articles upon the various corporations
at present in existence or soon to be organized, and the different departments
of trade, commerce, and manufactures, which centre in our city.
If readers at a distance are disposed to regard critically, the spirit which
induces a citizen of Baltimore to sound her praises more than perhaps the
most guarded taste might suggest, let them consider that the same course has
been pursued by all the larger cities in America, and that the great spirit of
competition more thoroughly developed in this country than elsewhere, will
not suffer her to remain silent at a time when her sisters have inundated the
United States with the most fulsome accounts of their respective advantages.
Let them bear in mind also, that already have travellers, not only from different sections of the Union but from the great centres of'Europe, placed on
record the most ample and possibly exaggerated accounts of the various features
which endear her to her own citizens, and render the city peculiarly inviting to
strangers; and lastly, let them remember that a pardonable pride is the
greatest incentive to development and progress in the future. We ask at the
hands of the public a generous criticism, inasmuch as this is a novel enterprise
in Baltimore, and the means of securing information are exceedingly limited.
With this brief preface we launch our little vessel, trusting that it may bring
to our port the treasures which our merchants and business men so richly
deserve.
40- E -
I 
I 
BALTIMORE.
HISTORICAL SKETCH.
R. McMAIHION has remarked, in his Historical View of the Government
of Maryland, that "the colonial history of Maryland is distinguished
more by results than by incidents;" and he has further pointed out that
"the gradual accessions to a nation's wealth, power and liberty, which she
derives from a peaceful devotion to her own interests, are perceived only in their
general results." If this be true of a nation, more especially is it true of a city;
and therefore especially devoid of incident must be a historical sketch of a city,
the principal object of which is to note the rise and progress of its commercial
importance. In the following pages it is sought to set forth such facts as will
best illustrate the growth and development of Baltimore, and the causes which
most directly contributed to those results,-noting events of general or national
character only where the history of Baltimore is intimately connected with
them, in the relation of a part to the whole; and while the annals of Baltimore
have at different times been marked by events of striking character and of
considerable local interest, they have, for the most part, been such as belong
to a political, rather than a commercial history.*
As introductory to the history of the city, it may be found useful to give
some preliminary account of the Province in which it was founded, and the
causes which led to its establishment.
The Province of Maryland had been settled for nearly a century before the
first foundations were laid of the city that was destined to become the commercial metropolis of the State, and one of the leading cities of the American
continent.
George Calvert, the first Lord Baltimore, having found that his efforts to
establish a colony at Avalon, in Newfoundland, were attended with but little
success, determined to seek a more favorable region in which to carry out his
plans of colonization. With this view he visited, in the year 1628, the colony
of Virginia. Of the favorable situation and flourishing condition of that
colony he was well aware, having himself been a member of the Virginia;
*E.g.-The outbreak of the war with England in 1812, the bank failures in 1835, and the outbreak of
the civil war in 1861, were occasions of great excitement in the history of Baltimore. 
THE MONUME.TAL CITY,
Company before it had been deprived of its charter, in 1624, by a judgment of
the Court of King's Bench.  During his visit to Virginia, it is probable that
Lord Baltimore personally explored the Chesapeake Bay; at all events his
experienced judgment readily detected the advantages that would be secured
to a colony upon its shores. Accordingly, upon his return to England, he
procured from his royal master, Charles I., the promise of a grant of territory
in the region which he had just visited.
The Virginia colonists were not unmindful of the facilities for traffic
afforded by the Chesapeake, which stretches inland for a distance of two
hundred miles from the ocean, with rivers emptying into it whose head waters are far back in the interior. In the years 1626, 1627 and 1628,
William Clayborne, Secretary of State for the colony of Virginia, obtained
from the English government authority "to discover the source of the
Chesapeake, and to make other explorations within the government of Vii ginia." Vested with this authority Mr. Clayborne appears to have improved
the opportunities it gave him for establishing and conducting a trade with
the natives upon the shores of the upper part of the bay; and for the further ance of this object he probably erected some trading houses upon the Isle of
Kent, which thus became the first place within the limits of Maryland in
which any European settlements were made.   The value which  the Virginians placed upon the bay and the adjacent country, is further shown by
the violent opposition they manifested to the establishment of Lord Baltimore's colony; and in a petition preferred to the King shortly after the
grant had been made to Lord Baltimore, they particularly complain "that
grants had lately been made of a great portion of the lands and territory of
their colony, being tle places of their tfrafic."
The advantages for trade, together with the attractions of a fertile soil and
a grateful climate, determined Lord Baltimore in the selection of the site for
his future colony; but in consequence of his death, which occurred early in
1632, the charter promised to him, but which did not pass the seals until;
June 20th of the same year, was issued to his son Cecilius, second Lord
Baltimore, upon whom devolved, together with his father's title and estates,
the work of carrying out his wise and beneficent plans of colonization.
The territory embraced in Lord Baltimore's grant is described in the
charter as follows: "all that part of the Peninsula, or Chersonese, lying in
the parts of America between the ocean on the east, and the bay of Chesapeake on the west; divided from the residue thereof by a right line drawn
from the promontory, or headland called Watkin's Point, situate upon the
bay aforesaid, near the river Wighco, on the west unto the main ocean on the
east; and between that boundary on the south, unto that part of the bay of
Delaware on the north, which lieth under the fortieth degree of north latitulde from the equinoctial; and passing from the said bay, called Delaware
Bay, in a right line, by the degree aforesaid, unto the true meridian of the
first fountain of the river of Potomac, thence verging towards the south, unto
8 
ITS PAST IHIISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
the farther bank of the same river, and following the same on the west and
south, unto a certain place called Cinquack, situate near the mouth of the
said river, where it disembogues into the aforesaid bay of Chesapeake, and
thence by the shortest line unto the aforesaid promontory or place, called
Watkin's Point." All the waters comprehended within these boundaries,
and the islands lying in them, together with all islands off the coast, within
ten leagues of the shore, were expressly mentioned as included in the grant.
And in order that this region might "be eminently distinguished above all
other regions in that territory, [America,] and decorated with more ample
titles," it was erected into a Province and nominated Maryland.* Of this
Province Lord Baltimore was made Absolute Lord and Proprietary, yielding
only unto the crown of England, as pledge of his allegiance, two Indian
arrows annually, and the fifth part of all gold and silver ore which should
be found within the limits of the Province. To the Proprietary were given
by the charter, the same rights, jurisdictions, prerogatives, royalties, &c., as
appertained to the Bishop of Durham, within the bishopric or county palatine of Durham; with power to enact laws with the advice and assent of the
freemen of the Province or their delegates; to appoint judges, administer the
laws, and exercise jurisdiction over the persons resident in the Province even
to the extent of depriving them of life or liberty; to impose taxes; to raise
and command an army, either to defend the Province from invasion or to
quell insurrection. At the same time, it was provided that persons emigrating to this Province should retain their rights as English subjects, both for
themselves and their children; and the privilege was granted to them of
trading with England, or in default of finding a market there, of conveying
their merchandise thence to "any other countries they should think proper"
which were in amity with England.
The boundaries prescribed for the Province of Maryland, as given above,
became at different times the occasion for dispute on all sides, and as a consequence thereof, the present limits of the State are considerably less than those
assigned to the Province. On the northeast, the State of Delaware has been
erected within the limits of Maryland. On the north, the location of the
boundary between Maryland and Pennsylvania was a matter of dispute until
1763, when it was determined by Messrs. Mason and Dixon, who, acting under
a joint commission of the two Provinces appointed for the purpose of settling
the difficulty, surveyed the line which now constitutes the boundary between
the two States, and which, as the recognized boundary between the Northern
and Southern States, has acquired a notoriety far beyond that which belongs to
its local and original purposes. On the part of Virginia, a dispute arose as to
whether the north or south fork of the Potomac was its "first fountain," by
which the location of the western boundary of Maryland was to be deter
*England's first Province. It was at first intended to call the Province Crescentia; but when the
charter was presented to Charles I. for his signature, he struck out that name and substituted Maryland,
in honor of his Queen, Henrietta Maria of France.
9 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
mined; and although the south fork is sixty miles the longer, and the territory lying between the forks is estimated at half a million of acres, Maryland
has been compelled to establish her boundary upon the north fork. Upon
-the eastern shore of the Chesapeake, the precise location of the boundary
between Maryland and Virginia is unsettled to the present day.*
Provided with a charter upon such favorable conditions, Lord Baltimore
immediately commenced preparations for sending a colony to his new possessions.  He at first intended to accompany the expedition in person, but
abandoning this plan, he confided the leadership to his brother, Leonard
Calvert, whom he appointed Governor of the Province, with the title of
Lieutenant-General. On the 22d November, 1633, the colonists, to the number
,f about two hundred, many of them gentlemen of fortune, and most of them
Roman Catholics, set sail from Cowes in the Isle of Wight. Taking the
old route by the Azores and West Indies, and having stopped for some time
at the Island of St. Christopher's and Barbadoes, they arrived off Point
Comfort in Virginia on the 24th February, 1634. Letters which Governor
Calvert brought from the King of England, secured for the colonists
a favorable reception by the government of Virginia, and on the 3d of
March they proceeded up the bay to the Potomac. Entering the river, they
effected a landing and made their first settlements upon its banks. On the
25th of March, having erected a cross and celebrated mass, they took formal
possession of the country "for our Saviour, and for our sovereign lord, the
King of England."  On the 27th the whole company landed and occupied
an Indian town that had been ceded to them by the natives, and which, under
the name of St. Mary's, continued to be the capital of the Province until
1692.
Thus the colony was first established almost at the southern extremity of
the Province, and for some time after, the settlements upon the western shore
of the bay were chiefly confined to that portion of the country.  Various
causes contributed to hinder the extension of settlements into the interior, in
places remote from the more thickly settled-portions of the Province.  Wars
occurred, both with the Indians and the Dutch settlements in the northeastern portion of the Province, upon the Delaware Bay, and the Province
itself was not exempt from internal commotions. In 1644 occurred the
formidable insurrection known, from the name of its leader, as the "Ingle
rebellion," the effects of which are felt to the present day by reason of the loss
of many of the early records of the Province, which were carried away from
St. Mary's by the insurgents and destroyed. The Proprietary government
too was twice interrupted from without during the first hundred years of its
existence. During the time of the Commonwealth in England, the government of the Province was usurped by commissioners appointed by Cromwell.
And after the revolution which resulted in the establishment of William
* There is now a Joint commission appointed from the two States, for the purpose of adjusting the
boundary line between them.
10 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
and Mary upon the throne of England, the government of the Province was
assumed by the crown. The royal government continued from 1692 until
1715, when the Proprietary's rightful authority was restored to him by
George I.
The interval between the suppression of the Ingle insurrection and the
arrival of Cromwell's Commissioners, (1651,) short as it was, was  long
enough to be signalized by an event that has made illustrious the colonial
history of Maryland, and which to this day is looked back upon with
pride. In 1648 Lord Baltimore prescribed a new oath of office to be taken
by the Lieutenant-General of the Province; and in that age, when religious
toleration, as now understood, was unknown in Europe, that officer was
made to bind himself by this oath that he would not "directly or indirectly
trouble, molest or discountenance any person whatsoever in the Province
professing to believe in Jesus Christ, for or in respect of his or her religion,"
or the free exercise thereof; and that he would not "make any difference of
persons in conferring of offices, rewards or favors for or in respect of their
said religion;" and further that if any officer or person should molest or
disturb any person within this Province on account of his religion, he would
protect the person molested and punish the offender. At the session of the
Assembly the same year, "an act concerning religion" was passed, by which
these principles were embodied in the statute law, and their observance
enforced under penalties.
In consequence of this wise and liberal policy of religious toleration,
Maryland, under the auspices of a Roman Catholic Proprietary, became the
common refuge for all who were suffering religious persecution. Members
of the Church of England, Quakers and others, resorted thither from among
the Puritans of New England, and Puritans came from Virginia to escape
the requirements of the Established Church there; while Protestants from
France and Portugal and the Netherlands, fled thither from the persecutions
in those countries. So that this policy was in its effect as beneficial to the
Province, by the valuable additions secured to the population, as in its conception, it was honorable to the Proprietary.*
As the population gradually increased, new and more extended settlement
began to be made. Baltimore County was created in 1659, and in 1683, at
a session of the Assembly held at the Ridge in Anne Arundel County, among
several new towns that were created, two were situated, in that county.
Indeed there seems to have existed at that time a mania for making towns,
no less than thirty-three having been created by the Assembly in the space of
* Of the Proprietary who thus stands before us as a man far in advance of the ideas of the age in which
he lived. it may be said, that his life which lasted until 1675, was continually devoted to the best interests
ofthe Province. Of him it was written, "never did a people enjoy more happiness than the inhabitants
of Maryiand under Cecilius, the founder of the Province."  (Ramsay-Hist. Rev. War.)
The condition of religious equality which he established continued until 1692, when under the royal
government which temporarily supplanted the Proprietary, there was for the first time an ecclesiastical
establishment in Maryland.
11 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
four years. But for the most part they were but tentative, being intended
only for places of landing and shipment, having but little territory assigned
to them, and being as easily unmade as made. The excessive number of
the towns was however for a long time a great hindrance to their growth and
development, on account of the division of interests it occasioned, and the
rivalries and jealousies which consequently arose.
As the settlements extended northward it was impossible that the advantages
to be derived from the establishment of a port near the head of the bay could
long escape the consideration of the colonists; and in looking for a place
adapted for that purpose, their attention would naturally be drawn to the
Patapsco River, in which, at a distance of only about fourteen miles from the
bay, they found, at tide water, a safe and commodious harbor, easy of access,
and navigable by the largest vessels. Accordingly, in 1729, an act was passed
by the Assembly "for erecting a town on the north side of Patapsco in Baltimore County, and for laying out into lots sixty acres of land in and about the
place where one John Flemming now lives." The "sixty acres" which were
thus assigned as the dimensions of the town, were purchased by the Commissioliers appointed for that purpose, at forty shillings per acre, or about ten
dollars of our present money.
The metes and bounds of the town as originally laid out are thus described
in Griffith's Annals, viz: "Commencing at a point near the northwest intersection of what are now called Pratt and Light streets, and running northwesterly along or near Uhler's alley towards the great eastern road, and a
great gully, or drain, at or near Sharpe street, then across Baltimore street
east of the gully northeasterly with the same road afterwards called the
Church Road, and now McClellan's alley, to the precipice which overhung
the falls at or near the southwest corner of St. Paul street [now Saratoga]
and St. Paul's lane, then with the bank of that stream, southerly and easterly,
various courses unto the low grounds ten perches west of Gay street, then due
south along the margin of those low grounds to the bank on the north side of
the river, and then by that bank various courses, nearly as Water street runs,
westerly and southerly, to the first mentioned point." Although the position
selected for Baltimore indicates that its founders had in view the facilities for
trade which it enjoyed, the small amount of land originally taken, and the
nature of the ground selected, surrounded as it was by hills, water courses and
marshes, clearly show that they had no anticipation of what were actually to
be the size and importance of the city they were founding. The hills with
which the city abounds, and which at this day contribute so much to its
picturesqueness, have rendered the work of extending and grading streets in
many instances both difficult and expensive. "The precipice overhanging the
falls"* alluded to, has either entirely disappeared, or been converted into
graded declivities. Through the city of to-day flow no less than three streamng,
known as Jones' Falls, liarford Run and Chatsworth Run, (but of these only
* Jones' Falls, a stieam that flows through the midst of the city.
12 
ITS PAST IHISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
the first named is now uncovered,) while a fourth, Gwynn's Falls, forms a
portion of the city's boundary upon the west. A marsh which extended along
the border of Jones' Falls, and formed the eastern boundary of the town as
first laid out, has long since been filled up and built upon.
Notwithstanding these disadvantages, the unusual facilities for direct communication -with the interior, the great security of the harbor, the remarkable
healthfulness of the situation, (probably greatly contributed to by the excellent natural drainage,) the fertility of the surrounding country, the abundance
of stone, lime, iron and timber in the immediate vicinity, and the many mill
seats obtainable upon the neighboring streams, amply justify the sagacity
shown in the selection of the site.
The town having been duly surveyed, and divided into sixty lots of about
one acre each, an office was opened for purchasers on the 14th of January,
1730.  It was stipulated in the terms of purchase that a house "covering at
least four hundred square feet" should be erected within eighteen months;
and no person was permitted to take up more than one lot during the first
four months. The buyers appear to have been very few, and the lots went
off but slowly;-so slowly indeed that some of them having remained untaken
for seven years, reverted to the original owners of the land, according to the
terms of the law under which the town was erected.
When the town was first laid out, there was scarcely a house standing upon
the whole sixty acres; some few settlements had however been made in the
neighborhood, and lands had been taken up as early as 1662. The first
actual settler is said to have been Mr. David Jones, who, about the year 1680,
having purchased some land, erected a house upon the north [or east] side of
the falls, which bear his name. Other houses were built in that neighborhood, and in 1732 the settlement was erected into a town by the name
of Jones-Town, comprising ten acres of land, and separated from Baltimore-Town by the falls and the marsh, of which mention has already been
made. In 1743 the two towns were united, and the name of Baltimore given
to both, and in 1747 the intermediate territory, comprising eighteen acres,
was added to the town. On account of the older settlement in that locality,
Jones-Town was generally called "Old-Town," and the name is still applied
to that portion of the city which occupies the site of the ancient town. In
1730, William Fell, a ship-carpenter, settled upon the point one mile southeast from the town upon the outer basin. In 1773, although at that time a
long stretch of vacant country lay between, the point, which had then become
a flourishing settlement, was added to the town.  Like "Old-Town," it has
retained its ancient name, being still called, after its first settler, "Fell's
Point." Whetstone Point, on the south side of the basin, upon the extreme
end of which Fort McHenry is situated, and which now forms a part of the
city, was made a town as early as 1706. From these separate towns and
settlements the city has grown up. They have for many years been united,
not only in name, but by unbroken lines of buildings which cover all the
13 
spaces by which they were once separated; so that only the traditionary
names are left to distinguish the old localities.
For some years after its foundation, Baltimore gave little promise of its
future greatness. In 1752 a rough sketch of the town, as it appeared
from Federal Hill, was made by Mr. John Moale. A reduced cut of this
sketch as corrected and completed by Mr. Daniel Bowly, is given on the
opposite page.  Though twenty-two years had elapsed since its foundation,
the town then numbered but twenty-five houses, including a school-house
and a church. The church (St. Paul's) which is represented in the sketch
upon the highest point in the town, was begun by the members of the Church
of England in 1731, but was not completed until 1744. Its successor, the
present church at the corner of Charles and Saratoga streets, occupies a site
Very near that upon which the original building stood.  But four of the
houses in the town at that time were built of brick, and for these the bricks
Were imported from England; as the inhabitants had not yet discovered that
directly under their feet was the clay for making the finest bricks in the
world.  Judging from the number of houses, the population of the town
could not then have been more than 200; but in the Gentlemen's Magazine
the population of the county for the same year is given as 17,233.
The only two sea-going vessels then owned in the town, are represented in
the sketch. They were the sloop "Baltimore," belonging to Mr. William
Lux, and the brig "Philip and Charles," belonging to Mr. Nicholas Rogers.
The latter was the first square-rigged vessel owned here. To the right of the
picture appears the first Tobacco Inspection Warehouse, the importance of
that product of the Province, which at that time was its principal article of
export, having already given occasion for the inspection system which prevails to this day.
The effect of the war, which raged shortly after this period between the
English and French settlements in this country, tended to promote the growth
of Baltimore by disposing the inhabitants to remain at the old settlements
rather than penetrate into the sparsely inhabited regions in the interior. After
the defeat of the English forces under General Braddock at Fort Du Quesne,'
in 1755, the Indian allies of the French, having passed Forts Cumberland and
Frederick, penetrated to within eighty miles of Baltimore. So great was the
consternation created in the town by raids in the neighborhood, that the
women and children were put, for greater safety, upon the vessels lying in the
harbor, and a strong fence of palisades was ordered to be constructed, encircling
the town. The successful issue of the campaign of 1758 and the capture of
Fort Du Quesne having caused the fears excited by these incursions to be
allayed, the defences soon fell a prey.to the more needy portion of the community, who found in the palisades a convenient supply of fire-wood.
In the year 1756 a considerable addition was made to the population of the
town by the arrival of a band of French refugees from Nova Scotia, (then called
Acadia,) of which the English had obtained possession.
THE MONUMENTAL CITY.
14  
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
From about this time seems to date the growth of Baltimore. Fell's Point,
which, as has been already remarked, was not added to the town until 173,
became a busy seat of industry. Ship-yards were established there, and on
account of its greater accessibility for the shipping, many merchants made their
residence there, so that for a long time it was doubtful whether town or point
wvas to be the nucleus of the future city. A disposition for internal improvements manifested itself at this time.  In 1763, the first market-house was
built, situated at the corner of Baltimore and Gay streets. In 1766, the marsh
between Frederick street and the falls was ordered to be filled, and in 1768,
Baltimore had risen so much in importance as to justify the removal of the
court-house from Joppa, (now an inconsiderable village in the northwestern
portion of the county, on the Gunpowder River,) to this place. Baltimore
continued to be the county seat until 1851, when the city and county jurisdictiois were separated and the county courts established at Towsontown.  In
1769, the first fire-engine, which was bought by a few public spirited men at a
cost of ~99, was introduced, and the same year, the first Roman Catholic
Church was erected.  The site of it is now occupied by Calvert Hall, a
school of the Redemptorists, on Saratoga street. In 1773, a workhouse was
established, a small theatre erected, and a Methodist congregation organized.
The members of the Methodist Society (which was yet in its infancy) built a
church for their uLse in Strawberry alley, and the next year, one in Lovely lane.
The general prosperity of the Province since the foundation of Baltimore
appears from the rapid increase in the population. In 1733, the taxable
i1habilants, (i. e. all males above the age of sixteen and all negro or mulatto
females,) numbered 31,470.  In 1748, the entire population was 130,000,
(94,000 whites and 36,000 blacks.)  In 1756, it had increased to 154,188,
(107,963 whites and 46,225 blacks.)   In 1761, it amounted  to 164,007,
(114,332 whites and 49,675 blacks.) A valuable addition to the population
during this period, (but one which was greatly deplored at the time by the
good people of the Province,) was the numbei of convicts imported, which
is estimated to h ve been no less than fifteen or twenty thousand. They
were brought over by private shippers, who made a contract with the government of England for the purpose, and sold them into servitude in the
Province for their term of transportation. Hazardous as it was to introduce
into a community such great numbers of persons whose past record was that
of crime, the experiment worked well. The lack of labor, which, as in all
new countries, had been felt as a serious inconvenience in the colony, was
by this means supplied, and the convicts, becoming identified with the
ordinary population, when their term of servitude expired, many of them
were transformed into useful and reputable citizens, and some of them rose
to honorable distinction.*
The exports of tobacco from Maryland to England were estimated in 1761
to be about 28,000 hhds. annually, valued at ~140,000. The other exports at
* McMahon, p. 314.
I (; 
ITS PAST: HISTORY AND) PRESENT RESOURCES.
this period were wheat, lumber, corn, flour, pig and bar iron in small quantities, skins and furs; but the total value of all these commodities was estimated
in 1, 61 at only ~80.000.*
The policy of England was to stifle all manufacturing industry in her
colonies, so as to preserve in them a market for her own productions. In
pursuance of this system, manufactures were prohibited, and notwithstanding
the guaranty given in the charter of Maryland to the contrary,t the trade of
the colonies was restricted to England and her possessions. Thus thwarted
and repressed, Maryland made but little progress in commerce during this
period. Beyond the coarse homespun manufactured in private famnilies for
their own use, there was nothing deserving the name of manufacture in the
Province; excepting the production of iron; and so great was the jealousy with
which England looked upon even this enterprise, that in order to discourage
it, a bounty was offered upon English iron imported into the colonies.1 The
Assembly of Maryland, in 1719, attempted to counteract this influence by
offering a free grant of one hundred acres of land to any one who would
put up a furnace or forge.  As early as 1749, eight furnaces and nine forges
were in operation in the Province; ~ but for the materials for clothing
and all the appliances of civilized life, the colonists were kept entirely
dependent upon England.  In the condition of the shipping, the same state
of dependence existed; in restricting the trade of the colonies to English
ports, England took care to see that that trade was carried in English
bottoms.  So that, while in 1761 there were employed in the trade between
England and Maryland, one hundred  and twenty vessels of 18,000 tons
burthen, the entire shipping of the colony, (which indeed had suffered con siderable diminution during the war with the French settlements,) amounted
to but thirty vessels of 1,300 tons, chiefly employed in the trade with the
,,Euglish possessions in the West Indies.ll  Notwithstanding that these condi tions of commercial dependence upon England were for a long period quietly
acquiesced in, the Province gradually grew in strength and population, and
in the development of those internal resources which are a necessary con dition to the independent existence of every State.
Affairs were in this condition when there came the first mutterings of that
storm which was about to break over the American colonies, and amid  the
* McMahon, p. 315.      t See page 9.
1 McSherry's History of Maryland, page 116.  In 1750 an act was passed by the English Parliament,
taking the duty off of. American iron, but at the same time prohibiting the erection of slitting or rolling
mills in the colonies. The object of this measure was the preservation of the English forests from consnmption as fuel for furnaces.
~ An interesting relic of the iron manufactories of those days recently came into the possession of the
Stickney Iron Company, consisting of two or three pigs of iron discovered at the bed of the Patapsco River,
just below the city, at a point between Fort McHenry and the wharf of the Stickney Company's Furnace.
These pigs are corroded and covered with barnacles, but distinctly bear the mark "Principio * 1751,"
showing that they have probably lain at the bottom of the river for more than a century. The Principio
Furnace was erected in Cecil County, about 1715-20
McMahon, p 316
2
17 
1rTHE MONUMENTAL CITY,
struggles and hardships of which, the bands which bound them to Eng land were to be finally severed, and the foundations laid of their future
greatness.
The restrictions and encroachments which had been made by England, under
the plea of regulating commerce, upon the trade of the colonies, although giving
rise to occasional manifestations of dissatisfaction, had for the most part been
quietly submitted to. But notwithstanding this, the colonies with one consent
stoutly maintained their exclusive and indefeasible rights to regulate all matters
relating to their own internal government, and the imposition of taxes. In no
colony was this feeling more deeply rooted than in Maryland. Proud of their
charter government, and the rights it assured them, the freemen of this
Province viewed any encroachment upon their liberties with peculiar jealousy.
England on the other hand was as persistently determined to abrogate all chartered rights, and take the matter of taxation into her own hands, so as to derive
a revenue from the colonies by this means. When, at length, the war with
France having been brought to a successful termination, the French possessions in America were ceded to England by the Treaty of Paris, (1763,)
and England was thus left to deal with only her own colonies, without the
possibility of foreign intervention, the time seemed to have come when the
long cherished plans of taxation might be put into successful operation.
Well aware of the difficulties of the undertaking, and the opposition which it
would excite on the part of the colonists, the English government proceeded
slowly towards its accomplishment, cautiously feeling the temper of the colonists, and seeking to adopt, as the entering wedge of the odious measures, some
plan of taxation which should be as little onerous as possible. The history of
the "Stamp Act," by which it was hoped that a tax-free from all the annoyances of collection-might be successfully imposed upon the colonies, belongs
to the history of the whole country.   The act was passed by the English
Parliament in March, 1765. Perceiving the necessity for united and concerted
action on their part, the colonies had recourse in this emergency to a Continental Congress. The Congress assembled at New York in October of the
same year, and in its firm but temperate tone, the colonies gave unmistakable
evidence that they were arrayed with an unbroken front against the aggressions of the mother country.
The sturdy opposition to the tax which was maintained by all the colonies,
and which led to the repeal of the act by the English Parliament the very
next year after its passage, manifested itself in Maryland by the prompt
expulsion of the Stamp distributor from the Province, with every mark of
indignation and contempt, immediately upon his arrival from England; and
a quantity of stamped paper which arrived here was not suffered to be taken
from the ship in which it was brought over.
Although from the impossibility of enforcing it, the English Parliament
was thus obliged to repeal the Stamp Act, the long cherished purpose
of taxing the colonies was not abandoned. The next method resorted to
18 
ITs PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
for accomplishing this object, was the imposition of a duty on certain articlesespecially tea-inimported into the colonies. This duty, it was thought, might
be successfully imposed under cover of the right to regulate commerce,
which had been already conceded to the English government. But public
feeling in this country was now too thoroughly aroused for any plan of taxiation to be submitted to.  "Non-importation Societies" were formed for the
purpose of excluding English merchandise from the colonies. The American
market being thus closed, a large quantity of tea accumulated in the warehouses of the East India Company. It then became the interest of that
Company to co-operate with Parliament in attempting to force the tea into
the American colonies; and in order to facilitate that Company in its efforts,
in May, 1773, Parliament allowed a drawback upon tea exported to America,
so that the duty might be imposed without enhancing the price of the article.
Under this arrangement, several cargoes of tea were shipped with the hope
that now they would be admitted into the country. But the colonies were
contending for a principle; they claimed that they could not be taxed by a
Parliament in which they had no representation, and they would agree to
nothing that involved a surrender of that principle.  The vessels consigned
to New York and Philadelphia were forced to return without unloading; that
consigned to Boston was boarded at night by a party of citizens in disguise,
and its contents thrown overboard. Several packages of tea that were brought
over by a vessel that came into the St. Mary's River, Maryland, in August,
1774, were sent back without being unloaded; while a vessel which arrived in
the October following, at Annapolis, (then the principal city, and still the
capital of Maryland,) with eighteen packages of tea on board, was not allowed
to come up to the landing; and the consignee, who had paid the duty on the
tea, in the hope of being permitted to land it, could only allay the popular
indignation by burning the vessel and its contents, setting fire to it with his
own hand. As a consequence of the destruction of the tea at Boston, a bill,
depriving that city of its privileges as a port of entry and discharge, was
passed by Parliament, and received the royal sanction March 31, 1774.
A Continental Congress, which had proved so successful against the Stamp
Act, was in the present emergency again resorted to. It assembled in Philadelphia, September 5th, 1774. The unanimous and determined resolution
exhibited by this Congress to maintain the colonial rights and liberties,
showed plainly that the English government had aroused a bold and freespirited people. A system of non-importation, which had already been very
generally adopted, was now formally recommended, excluding from the
country not only the taxed article(s, but all articles whatsoever which came
either directly or indirectly from Great Britain or Ireland. Corresponding
restrictions were laid upon exportations; so that the system recommended
was really one of non-intercourse with the mother country. The object
which the colonies sought to accomplish by these means, was the repeal of
the obnoxious measures of taxation. They still hoped that the English
19 
THE MONUMIENTAL CITY,
government would recede from its position, as it had done in the case of the
Stamnp Act.  A  strong feeling yet existed, on the part of many, against
hostilities with the country they still called "home."  But the course of the
English governmient showed that there was nothing to be hoped for from
that quarter.  "The petitions" of the colonies "w ere spurned, their assemblies declared rebellious, their persons and property made objects of plunder,
and those bloodhounds of war, foreign mercenaries, were to be let loose upon
them to pillage and desolate their country."*   All hope of reconciliation
was now removed, and the American people were ready to sever the last ties
that bound them to England. On both sides the preparations for hostilities
began.  The decisive step was at last takenl.  On  the 4th of July, 1776, the
C(ontinental Congress, then assembled in Philadelphia, published to the world
the Declaration of Independence.  The news was received in Baltimore with
great enthusiasm.  On the 22d of the mionthl, the Declaration was publicly
read from the Court-Hlouse, amid the acclamations of the people, the firing
of salutes, and cries for the prosperity of the UnIited States.   At night the
town was illuminated.
The Proprietary government of Maryland was at this time held by Henry
-larford, Escq., an illegitimate son of the last Lord Baltimore, who had died
in 1771, and with whom the title had become extinct.  Towards the governmnent of the Lords Baltimore, who, for the most part, had ruled the Province
with a beneficent sway, the people of Maryland entertained feelings of loyal
attachment; but towards the present Proprietary, ( stranger in person and in
name, none of these feelings existed.  His governiment was promptly overthrown, and a Convention called to frame a constitutional governlment for the
new "State of MAaryland."  In this Convention, which assembled at Annapolis,
on the 14thl of Auguist, 1776, Baltimore-Town, (which could now boast of
564c hoses iand 5,934 inhabitants, witlh 821 more at the point,) for the first
time had representation separate from the county, being permitted to send
two deleg'ates in addition to the four returned from the county.
From the very commenicement of the war, and throughout its continuance,
MAaryland entered into it with spirit and energy.   The nearness of the battlefields caused constant denlands to be made upon this State, for supplies of both
troops atid provisions.  The demands were promp)tly met; and the troops
themselves, by their gallant conduct in manv a hard-fi)ught field, have made
famous the name of the Marvland Line.  At the battle of Long  Island,
(Brookl-yn Heights) August 27, 1776, when the cMaryland troops were for the
first time brought into action, a part of a battalion shook, with repeated
bliyo)iet ih(ries, a whole brigade of British regulars.  The reputation which
they then won, as being the first America,n troops to use the bayonet, was well
maintained.  On more than one occasion thereafter, Maryland troops charged
and repulsed the enemy with unloaded muskets.  In addition to her troops
in the field, Alaryland hld, leuring a part of the war, to maintain a separate
* McMahon, p. 429.
20 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
marine service, for the protection of her shores from the English cruisers,
which, until the arrival of a French fleet in 1779, continually infested the
Chesapeake Bay.
The demand for money for the public service, far beyond what could be
raised by taxation, which the necessities of the war occasioned, led to immense
issues of State and Continental paper currency. This currency, without
credit, and with a compulsory circulation, very soon became greatly depreciated. Perceiving the ruinous tendency of a superabundant and depreciated
currency, Congress sought to correct the evils inseparable from such a condition of affairs, by calling upon the States to contribute their respective shares
for redeeming the greater part of the circulation. The portion for which
Maryland was thus called upon to provide, was  mole than $20,000,000.
Finding it quite impossible to raise this sum by taxation, it was finally
determined by the Assembly of Maryland, in March, 1781, to redeem it, by a
new issue, (called the blhck/ money,) at the rate of forty of the old for one of the
new. The next year the black currency was replaced by a new issue, called the
red money.  The credit of this issue was better sustained than that of former
issues, as the proceeds of the sales of the confiscated property of persons disaffected to the cause of American liberties, was pledged for its redemption.
The privations and necessities of the Revolutionary War, called for the
exercise in the Amierican people of the very qualities which formed the best
guaranty of the stability of that independence for which they fought; namely,
a dependence on themselves and their own resources. Various branches of
manufacture which had been prohibited under  British rule, were  established d-'i.g this period, to supply the place of the foreign products, which
id no longer be obtained.  As early as 1778, there were established in
Baltimore-Town a linen factory, a bleach yard, a paper mill, a woollen and
linen factory, a slitting mnill, a card factory and two nail factories.  And
notwithstanding the difficulties which had to be encountered, a very considerable foreign trade was carried on-chiefly with the West Indies-in the
swift-sailing craft of the Chesapeake.  The progress made in commerce at
this time, was sufficiently great to lead to the establishment of a custom-house
at Baltimore, in 1780; thus relieving the merchants of this place from the
delays and inconvenience to which they had hitherto been subjected, in
entering and clearing their vessels at the custom-house at Annapolis.
During the years intervening between the cessation of hostilities (1.782) and
the adoption of the Federal Constitution, (1788) there was a temporary
suspension of even that commercial activity that had been able to exist during
the war. With a depreciated currency, inadequate shipping, an unpaid war
debt of $14,000,000, and the future condition of the country, and even its
national existence, enveloped in uncertainty, there was cause enough to paralyze for a while even the most determined energy. The commercial difficulties
at this time were very much increased by an over-importation of foreign
goods. The low prices of tobacco and flour, which still formed the principal
21 
THE MONUMENTAL C(JITY,
articles of export from Maryland, added to the distress in this part of the
country. But this state of things was not destined to continue long. The
establishment of the Federal Government, and the funding of the public
debt, restored a feeling of confidence, and there soon followed a period of
remarkable commercial activity and prosperity.
A new avenue that was opened for the tobacco trade, tended directly to
secure for Baltimore that pre-eminence to which it was justly entitled, but
for which it had long to struggle with several other towns, which in those
days were formidable rivals. Under Enigland's colonial system, the tobacco
trade before the Revolution, had been carried on exclusively with English
merchants, who had their agencies at some of the older towns, situated at
convenient places of landing and shipment upon the rivers. Among the
principal seats of this trade were Annapolis, Bladensburg, Upper Marlboro',
and Elk Ridge Landing. To these places, the tobacco, securely packed in
hogsheads, was conveyed from the plantations by being rolled along roads
that were constructed for the purpose. Several of these primitive roads still
exist in the State. One of them, which leads through a part of Baltimore
County to Elk Ridge Landing, still bears the name of the "Rolling Road."
After the war, the English merchants sought to regain their lucrative
traffic, and for this purpose re-established their agencies at the former places
of trade; but in the meanwhile a Dutch house had settled at Baltimore, and
entered largely into the tobacco business, purchasing for direct shipment to
Holland. By the acquisition of capital, the Baltimore merchants were soon
enabled to make shipments in their own vessels, and for their own account.
In this manner, the tobacco trade became entirely diverted to Baltimore, and
the agencies of the English houses at other places were discontinued.
With the advancement of commerce, the condition of the harbor of Baltimore began to attract attention. In 1783, a board of nine port-wardens was
appointed, with authority to make a survey and chart of the basin, harbor
and Patapsco River, to ascertain the depth and course of the channel, and
provide for the cleaning of the same. In order to defray the expense of this
undertaking, anl impost of one penny per ton, (afterwards increased to twopence,) was laid upon all vessels entering or clearing.
The water at that time reached up to Exchange Place and Water street on
the north, and nearly to Charles street on the west; the space occupied by water
being estimated as equal to double the surface of the present basin and docks.
While the means of intercourse with foreign countries were being thus
improved, domestic and inland connections were not overlooked.  In 1782 a
line of stages was established between Philadelphia and Baltimore, and the
following year lines to Frederick-Town and Annapolis. A company was
organized to make a canal on the Susquehanna, and shortly after the Potomac
Canal Company was formed.  The Chesapeake and Delaware Canal Company
was not organized until 1799, but the project had been contemplated, and
the surveys made, as early as 1769. As the first indication in this vicinity of
22 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
the revolution which steam was about to introduce in the commercial world,
James Rumsey, of Cecil County, procured, in 1784, the exclusive privilege for
this State for making and vending "vessels to be propelled by steam with
or against the current."
In the general spirit of progress manifested at this time, the internal
improvement of the town was not neglected.  The streets were extended, and
for the first time paved; and the various bridges across the falls were put in
a more substantial condition.  The single market-house which had hitherto
been used, being found inadequate to the wants of the growing population,
(which in 1782 was estimated at 8,000, an increase of one-third since 1775,)
it was abandoned in 1783 and three new ones erected, in which market was
held on different days of the week. The three new markets established were
the Centre Market, on land given by Mr. Thomas Harrison; the Fell's Point
Market, for the benefit of the residents at the Point, which was built on land
given by M:r. William Fell; and the Hanover Market, for the accommodation
of persons in what was then the extreme western portion of the town.
The ground upon which the Centre Market was erected was a part of the
marsh which has been hitherto spoken of as lying along the western border
of the falls.  It was at first intended to dredge, out and make a long dock of
&, the lower portion of this marsh; but this plan was in part abandoned when
the erection of the market-house was determined on.  From the nature of its
site, the Centre Market is still popularly called the "M[arsh Market," and the
dock that comes up to its lower end, bears, and well merits, the name of
"Long Dock."  In 1785, the wharves of the town were much extended and
improved. Among the improvements of this year, may be especially men  tioned the construction of Bowly's Wharf.
In 1784, the first Sugar Refinery was established in the town, and the same
year some Glass Works were erected on the Monocacy River, in Frederick
County, by some German manufacturers.  These works were removed  to
Baltimore in 1788, and located upon the south side of thle basin, where they
still continue.
The revolution in France, and the subsequent wars upon the continent of
Europe, gave the occasion for that period of commercial enterprise and activity
to which allusion has already been made. The opportunity was grasped by
the merchants of Baltimore with promptness and energy; and from 1790 until
the outbreak of the war with Great Britain in 1812, this city was distinguished
for its rapid growth in population and commercial importance.
The interruption to agriculture occasioned by the wars, caused an increased
demand  in Europe for American wheat and flour.  The colonies too of
European nations, which, under the prevailing colonial system, were per  mitted in time of peace to have intercourse with the parent countries only,
being cat off by hostile cruisers from their accustomed avenues of trade, were
compelled to seek in America a market for the sale of their produce and the
purchase of their necessary supplies. An active foreign trade, both with
23
/ 
THE MONUMEENTAL CITY,
Europe and the West Indies, was thus created; and the sailing qualities of
the craft of the Chesapeake, which had already acquired a high reputation,
before the invention of steam, for fast sailing, secured for Baltimore the
greater portion of that trade. The sailing qualities of these vessels, which
have made the name of "Baltimore Clippers" familiar throughout the world,
were at that time iunequalled by any vessels built in this country, and unapproached by alny built in Europe.  Indeed, it was long before the art of
constructing thelm was practised anywhere outside of the Chesapeake Bay.
They were schooner-rigged, and the great secret of their excellence lay in the
fact that they were built so as to sail within four or four and a half points of
the wind.  The advantage that this peculiarity gave them, enabled them ill
most cases successfully to elude the pursuit of any vessels belonging to the
blockadiing squadrons of the belligerent powters that might offer to give them
chase; for if they could but get to windward of their pursuers, it was useless
for vessels of any other constructionl to attempt to follow them.
Such was the success of the "Baltimore Clippers," that this city enjoyed
during the period of which we are speaking, the chief part of the European
and West Indian trades of this country, besides doing a large carrying trade
between the nations of Europe and the West Indies. IFor the latter, this was
one of the principal mnarkets in the world, whether for selling or purchasing;
and those West India goods that found their way to Europe, were for the
most part shipped first to Baltimore, and reshipped from here to their place
of final destination. The quantity of these goods brought to this port was so
great, that sales of them were chiefly made  at auction, in entire cargoes.
These auction sales were at that time a special feature of the Baltimore market.
Upon the restoration of peace in 1801, the nations of Europe immediately
enforced their colonial systems, (by which the trade of the colonies was
restricted to their parent countries,) and thus that portion of the foreign and
carrying trade of Baltimore, that had arisen in consequence of the suspension
of those systems, was for a time interrupted. But the interruption was of
short duration. Upon the resumption of hostilities, in 1803, occasion was
again given for the exercise of that adventurous spirit of enterprise that had
before been so successful; and notwithstanding the Orders il  Couvicil and
Decrees wherewith the belligerent powers of Europe sought to close each
other's ports against the commerce of the world, the adventurous merchants
and daring seamen of Baltimore succeeded in maintaining their commerce
until the close of the year 1807, when, as a retaliatory measure to the restrictions imposed upon trade by the nations of Europe, a general embargo was
proclaimed by the government of the United States.
Although the hazardous trade of this period was for the most part successfully and profitably prosecuted, heavy losses were occasionally incurred by
the capture of some of the blockade-runners, while attempting t6 elude the
vigilance of the squadrons which were everywhere on the lookout for them.
Prior to the year 1795, when the first Marine Insurance Companies were
24 
ITS PAST HISTORY A SD PRESENT RESOURICES.
established here, the merchants either took the risk of these losses themselves,
or else effected an insurance with private capitalists, who, for a consideration,
would guarantee them against loss. This was, during the last century, the
usual method of marine insurance practised both in this country and in
England, where the custom which long prevailed, of exposing the name and
description of vessels upon which insurance was asked, at Lloyd's Coffee
House, for the capitalists who congregated there to write under their names
and the amounts they were willing to venture, has caused the terms "Lloyds"
and "underwritiing" to be permanently identified with the business of marine
insurance.
Upon the removal of the embargo in 1809, besides the reopening of the old
channels of trade, the neutral shipping of America was largely occupied, from
that time until the outbreak of the war with Great Britain in 1812, in supplying the English army in Spain, which it was found necessary to provision
chiefly from this country.
The prosperity of Baltimore at this time was not maintained solely by
a foreign and carrying trade.   The imports, which were far beyond the
requirements for home consumption, could not have been disposed of, if a
market had not been found for them beyond the limits of the town, nor could
the demands for export have been met, if produce and cereals had not been
drawn firom the agricultural regions of the interior. Its central position, its
accessibility as an inland seaport, and the direction of the water-courses, made
Baltimore the first, as it is still, the natural market for the West.
The western trade, which, before the Revolution, had been conveyed on the
backs of pack-horses, walking in single file through the narrow paths which
led across the mountains, now required for its transportation the huge canvasscovered "Conestoga" wagons, which, with their teams of six or eight horses,
and jingling bells, used to traverse the old Braddock's road and the turnpikes
that had been constructed as far as the navigable waters of the West. The
relics of this old method of transportation may yet be discerned in the immense
yards, made for the accommodation of these wagons and teams, attached to a
few of the old inns in Baltimore that have yet escaped the mnarch of improve ment.
The actual growth of Baltimore during this period is best indicated by the
increase in the population, which, from the United States census reports, we
are now able to observe by decades. In 1790, the population numbered 13,503.
In 1800, it had increased to 31,514, and in 1810, to 46,555. A considerable
accession had been made, in 1793, by the arrival of French refugees, to the
number of about 3,000, from Cape Frangois. Besides the increase in the
population, which this arrival made, it was of benefit to Baltimore as the
means of stimulating that West Indian trade, which contributed so greatly
to the prosperity of the city during this period. The tonnage of the town,
which, soon after the adoption of the Federal Constitution, was reported as
36,305 tons registered vessels, and 7,976 licensed and enrolled, had increased
25 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
in 1795, to 48,007 of the former, and 24,470 of the latter. The same year
there were counted in passing to Baltimore 109 ships, 162 brigs, 350 sloops
and schooners, and 5,464 bay craft and small coasters. On the 31st December,
1796, sixty-seven years after its foundation, "Baltimore-Town" was at last
promoted to the dignity of a city, incorporated by the State Legislature under
the name of the "Mayor and City Council of Baltimore."
Among the public buildings and internal improvements which deserve men tion, Fort McHenry, on the extreme end of Whetstone Point, was built in 1794.
In 1795, a number of flouring mills were established in and about the city.
The Baltimore Library Company was established the same year. In 1805, the
present court-house was begun, and occupied in 1809. The corner-stone of
the Roman Catholic Cathedral was laid in 1806, but this building was not
completed sufficiently for consecration until 1821. In 1808 the water company, for supplying the city with water was incorporated, and the same year,
the manufacturing interests of the city were increased by the erection of
several new factories upon Gwynln's and Jones' Falls.
The arrogant claims made by England to a "right of search," that is, a
right of overhauling on the high-seas and searching the vessels of foreign
nations, with the purpose of taking therefrom any seamen that might be
claimed as British subjects, added to the restrictions with which she constantly
sought to embarrass the trade of this country, led to a declaration of war by
the United States government on 18th January, 1812.  While some portions
of the country were violently opposed to that measure, Maryland, though from
her position and the nature of her trade, necessarily one of the chief sufferers
by the war, was forward and determined in supporting the policy of the
general government.
From the commencement of the war, the Chesapeake Bay was vigorously
blockaded by the British fleet. Its position, affording an approach to the
interior and the National Capital, and the reputation its craft had acquired in
the commerce abroad, made it an important place to occupy and close.  Occasionally a Baltimore vessel was able to elude the blockading squadron and get
to sea, but a return to port was quite impossible.  In this extremity the
merchants of Baltimore resorted to the expedient of ordering their vessels
to return to other ports less vigorously blockaded, and there deliver and
receive their cargoes. By availing in this way of other ports, and conveying their merchandise inland by means of wagons, the merchants of Baltimore were able to retain possession, in large measure, of their foreign commerce.
During the war a number of privateers were fitted out at Baltimore, some
of which performed very gallant and distinguished service. In 1814, the war
was brought directly home to our people.,  Hitherto, descents had been made
by the enemy's fleet only at comparatively undefended points along the bay
shore; but in August of this year, a force of 5,000 men, under General Ross,
26 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
was landed on the Patuxent River, and began their march towards Washington.  Having overcome, on 24th August, a force which had been gathered
at Bladensburg to resist them, they proceeded to Washington and  burned the
National Capitol, the President's Mansion, Government offices, public records,
the Library, and much private property.
After this success, General Ross next turned his attention towards Baltimore. On the 12th September a force of 5,000 men was landed upon
North Point, at the mouth of the Patapsco River. They were met by
an inferior force of Maryland and Pennsylvania militia, and a sharp engagement ensued, at the close of which the militia fell back to a position nearer
the city, but not until they had inflicted such a loss upon  the enemy as
deterred them  from following.   The  commander of the invading force,
General Ross, was killed early in the engagement. On the evening of the
next day an unsuccessful attack was made by the fleet upon Fort McHenry,
and during the night a force, which, under cover of the fleet, had passed by
the fort in barges, was met with such a destructive fire from the batteries
which had been erected on the point, above the fort, that one of the barges
was sunk, and the others retreated precipitately to the fleet. Thus gallantly
resisted by land and water, the invading force abandoned the attack upon
Baltimore, and made no similar attempt upon other cities. The war was
brought to a close about the end of the year by the Treaty of Ghent, signed
14th of December, and ratified by the United States the 17th of February
following.
After the close of the war, commerce began to resume its former channels.
But the wars with which the Continent of Europe had been so long convulsed
were about drawing to their close. And upon the final overthrow of the
Empire in France, in 1815, and the return of peace, the nations of Europe
resumed their own carrying trade, and the American merchants were thus
deprived of a trade of which they had had almost a monopoly. In the years
1817, 1818 and 1819, short wheat crops in England caused a demand in that
country for Maryland wheat; and in consequence of the removal of the Portuguese Court to Brazil, and the revolutions which resulted in the overthrow of
Spanish rule in South America, new avenues of trade were opened to the
enterprise of our merchants in that quarter.
But a greater evil than the curtailment of foreign trade had to be contended
with at this time. The Bank of the United States had expired by limitation
in 1811. Immediately there sprang up a host of local banks subject to no
restrictions whatever in their operations. Upon the closing of the ports upon
the Chesapeake Bay during the war with England, and the consequent
diversion of the trade of the Middle States to places which were less molested,
it soon appeared that the specie of the Middle States would be attracted to
places of greater activity. To prevent this drain, the banks resorted to the
suspension of specie payment and the issue of a paper currency. And when
27 
THE MONUMENTAL CI1TY,
the demand for money occasioned by the exigencies of the war arose, it was
met by large issues of this money.  This method of manufacturing capital
was found so easy and attractive, that it was indulged in reckless]ly and without
limit. A dangerous spirit of speculation was engendered. Every one rushed
into the arena, borrowing the easily obtained money upon almost anlly species
of property, with little thought bestowed upon the day of reckoning by either
borrowers or lenders. The result of this system soon appeared in a rapid
depreciation of the money, (which had at best a fictitious value,) and widespread financial distress and embarrassment; for these evils, though falling
most heavily upon the Middle States, were felt throughout the country. It
was finally determined that the means for curing all these evils, and establishing a uniform currency throughout the country, would be secured by the
re-establishment of a national bank. Accordingly, in 1816, the new Bank of
the United States was inaugurated. The enterprise was eagerly entered into,
and of the capital of $28,000,000, $,014,100 were subscribed in Baltimore.
The principles upon which this bank was established made it necessary
that the local banks should prepare for specie payment. This at once placed
a check upon the accommodations which they had been extending to their
customers, and upon which the latter had become dependent. Everywhere
the creditor pressed the debtor, and the financial difficulties increased.  Added
to this, it soon became evident that it was quite impossible for the Bank of
the United States to redeem the promises that had been made for it, and a
fall in the price of its stock occurred to such an extent as to plunge in absolute ruin many of the subscribers.
Although thus beset with difficulties, their characteristic spirit of enterprise
did not forsake the people of Baltimore. Since the critical period of which
we have been speaking, and which reached its climax in 1819, the history of
Baltimore for forty years, is a history of steady growth, interrupted only by
the financial crises of 1837 and 1857, which shook to their base the commercial
interests of the entire country. The foreign commerce during this period
was not what it had been during the continuance of the peculiar circumstances
amid which it took its rise; and though the spirit of adventure and excitement which had been fostered by the former conditions of trade, had to
accommodate itself to a slower motion, the latter is probably the more healthful condition, and more truly indicative of steady and permanent growth.
Among the public buildings, etc., erected between the time of the war with
Great Britain and the year 1820, may be mentioned the School of Medicine
on Lombard Street, (part of the University of Maryland,) completed and
occupied in 1812; the Washington Monument, and the one known as the
Battle Monument, both begun in 1815; the Merchants' Exchange, undertaken
in 1815 and completed and occupied in 1820. This building is now occupied
by the United States Government as a Custom-House and Post-Office. In
1816 Gas Works were established here, which were the first in the country
28
4 
-ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RIESouRCES.
to afford a general supply for the use of citizens, (and for lighting the streets.
The corporate limits of the city were extended the same year to the present
size, embracing an area of about 10,000 acres.
The comparative sizes of the original town and the present city, are accurately shown in the accompanying cut. The original water-line on the side
of the basin is carefully marked, and the original course of Jones' Falls, which
once reached, in a deep horse-shoe bend, as far as to the corner of Calvert
and Lexington Streets.  On the eastern side of the Falls, the location of'Old
Town"* is indicated, and north and south of the harbor, appear Fell's and
Whetstone Points, with Fort MlcHenry upon the extreme end of the latter.
PRESEYT -TB'NDAZ:      Oll E 1T- CI T1'Y.
/;~~~~~$jY~~~/TS 0-Fj3-1  - Tow,A{S,/ 
~Co.MPRISIG 60ACls o? ROSO.F *aft
........:~ —-~-~ ——:, —-.~,,~
COI~~~~~~\ i_
_s_; %:
In 1813, the first steamboat was introduced here, to run between Baltimore
and Frenchtown, as a part of the liie between this city and Philadelphia.
The application of the newly discovered power of steam, which was then
deemed little better than experimental, soon began to exercise a powerful
influence upon the business relations of Baltimore.
The introduction of steamboats upon the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers
opened to the people. of the West a new and cheaper mode of communication
* See page 13.
29, 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
with the seaboard than was afforded by the wagons and turnpikes upon
which they had hitherto depended. The establishment of steam communi cation with New York, also attracted in that direction the trade which had
hitherto come to Baltimore. The people of Baltimore were not, however, of
a temper to permit the resources, which their natural advantages gave them,
to slip from them by reason of the superior artificial advantages of other
cities. In December, 1823, a public meeting was held in the Merchants'
Exchange, to takle the sense of the people on the subject of canals, or rather,
(as their utility was recognized,) to ascertain whether it would be most
acceptable to the citizens to undertake, first, a canal to the Susquehanna, or
one to the Ohio. The great majority preferred the former. An act of the
Legislature was therefore procured, authorizing the city to make e canal to
the head of tide-water on the Susquehanna, and further, if permitted by the
State of Pennsylvania. Another act was passed, incorporating the Potomac
Canal Company, for the purpose of constructing a canal from tide-water on
the Potomac, to the Ohio River.  The next year, this latter was merged into
the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company, which was incorporated by the
Legislature of Virginia for the same purpose. In 1826, upon the publication
of estimates, showing the immense expense that would be incurred, and the
great difficulties that would have to be overcome, in constructing a canal
across the mountains to the Ohio, it was at once perceived that this cherished
plan would not yield all the advantages that had been anticipated by its
projectors. This discovery only led the citizens of Baltimore to devise some
new means by which to secure their western communications. Their deliberations resulted in the determination to accomplish their purpose by the
construction of a railroad. Accordingly, in February, 1827, an Act was
passed by the Legislature, chartering the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
Company, which was the first railroad chartered in the United States. The
canal was not abandoned in consequence of this rival enterprise, but the
corner-stones of each were laid July 4th, 1828, Charles Carroll of Carrollton
officiating for the railroad, and President Adams for the canal. On the 9th
of August, 1829, the hundredth anniversary of the passage of the act creating
Baltimore-Town, the Susquehanna Railroad was begun.  In 1837 the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad was opened for travel. In 1853
the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad was completed to the Ohio River, and in
1857 its continuation to St. Louis was perfected.  In 1854 the Susquehanna
Road was consolidated with other roads extending through the State of Pennsylvania, under the name of the Northern Central Railway.  In 1829 the
Chesapeake and Delaware Canal was undertaken.
As in 1816 Baltimore had the distinction of being the first city in this
country that was lit by gas, and in 1827 of being the first to inaugurate a
railroad, so, in 1844, it was again distinguished by the erection, by Professor
Morse, between Baltimore and Washington, of the first electric telegraph in
the world.
30 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
The growth of the city during a period of forty years, is indicated by the
United States census returns of the population:
In 1820 the population was............................... 62,738
"1830  ".................................   80,625
"l1840 " ".................................   102,313
"1850        "       "............................... 169,054
"1860        "       "............................... 212,418
The trade of Baltimore, which first rose to importance during the Revolutionary struggle, and flourished amid the dangers incident to subsequent wars,
both at home and abroad, was at length destined to be seriously crippled by a
war that came to our very doors. In the civil war of 1861-5, between the
Northern and Southern States, Maryland occupied the position of a border
State between the contending sections. Although herself the field of battle
on but two occasions, her frontier position, the constant presence of large
bodies of troops within her borders, the severance of all communication with
her Southern customers, and the risk attending the communications with
the West, from the liability of the railroads to interruption, and the freights
to capture or seizure, caused the loss to Baltimore, for the time, of her Southern trade, and on account of the impoverishment of the Southern people, the
permanent loss of much that was owing from that section; whilst the Western trade became temporarily and partially diverted to other cities.
Since that period of enforced inaction, a reviving spirit of life and energy
has been manifested.  The railway communications extend, by the Northern
Central Road, north and west to the lakes and Canada; by the Philadelphia,
Wilming,ton and Baltimore Road, to all parts of the Northern and Eastern
States. The Baltimore and Ohio spreads its constantly increasing connections over the whole of the western country, and as far as San Francisco;
while its southern branch through Washington connects throughout the
Southern States and as far as New Orleans.  Of local roads, there are the
Western Maryland, extending through the rich farm-lands of Carroll, Frederick and Washington Counties to Hagerstown, and projected to Williamsport, upon the Potomac River; and the Baltimore and Potomac, opening up
a fertile country hitherto inaccessible by rail, and affording a southern connection for the Northern Central Road, and the Pennsylvania Central with its
connecting lines.  Now in course of construction, there are the Baltimore and
Drum Point Railroad, which will extend from the city, south, through the
entire length of Anne Arundel and Calvert Counties; and the Union Railroad,
which, making almost the entire circuit of the city of Baltimore, will afford
the means for prompt connection between the various railways that enter the
city. These various roads secure to Baltimore by steam communications, its
natural advantages as the seaboard depot, indicated by the geographical formation of the country, for the West. Domestic lines of steamers communicate
31 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
with Boston, New  York, Philadelphia, Richmond, Norfolk, and  all the
lesser places on the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries, Wimington and New
Berne, N. C., Charleston, Savannah, Key West, New Orleans, Havana and
Galveston; while two prospering lines of steamers to Europe, the North
German Lloyd to Bremen via Southampton, and the Allan line to Liverpool
via Halifax, demonstrate the fact that the foreign commerce that was once
enjoyed by Baltimore needed but the opportunity to return.
The imports at the port of Baltimore, which in ISCO, amounted to $9,784,773,
and in 1862, in consequence of the war, had fallen to $3,696,620, rose in 1870,
to $21,017,313; in 1871, to $26,770,181; and in 1872 to $29,429,439. The
exports of domestic merchandise for the same years were, in 1860, $8,804,606;
in 1862, $8,375,303; in 1870, $12,396,518; in 1871, $18,236,166, and in 1872,
$17,381,591.  The industrial products of the city and county of Baltimore
anmounted, according to the census of 1870, to the sum of $59,219,993 anlnually, in which was employed capital amounting to $26,040,040.  The population of the city had increased from 212,418 in 1860, to 267,599 in 1870.*
The property in the city and county was estimated in the census  at
$401,634,738.  The tonnage of the port is 150,086.
Thus rapidly and in the merest outline, we have endeavored to trace the
growth of Baltimore, from the straggling village of 1730, to the prosperous
city of 1872. WThatever its growth has been hitherto, it is but the earnest of
its capabilities for development. Its geographical position as regards the
interior has been spoken of; as regards Europe, its position at the head of a
bay, which was formerly considered a disadvantage to it as a seaport, enables
the shipping to come tltat iucli necer the interior, and by conveying freight
further by water, and in bulk, causes a corresponding reduction in the cost
of transportation; while the proximity of Baltimore to the coal regions, and
the direct communication with them, which enables the steamers to take in
their coal at $2.50 per ton less than it costs in New York, gives a direct
saving of $2,000 upon the 800 tons consumed by steamers in each voyage
across the Atlantic.  The neighboring mines of anthracite and bituminous
coal; the marble quarries of Baltimore County; the iron beds with Aich
the State abounds; the lavish wealth of the Chesapeake Bay, with its worldrenowned game and oysters and fish, aflord in themselves a ready-made and
apparently inexhaustible store of riches.
* An enumeration made the same year by the City Police, put the population at 283,375
32 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
TO-DAY.
ALTIMIORE, as a home, is one of the most delightful cities in the world.  It possesses
more solid advantages than any other city on the Atlantic seaboard for those desirous
of establishing themselves in a great metropolis, for purposes of trade, commerce, or
business of any description. Situated about the centre of the Atlantic coast, at the
head of the great Miediterranean Sea of America, it is equally removed from the intense
cold of northern latitudes, and the blinding heat of our more tropical sisters of the
South. An equable climate, soft, balmy, salubrious, and almost entirely free from the
dense fogs which are the horror of the generality of cities adjacent to the seaboard, gives to
it that healthy mean, which is seldom present along any of the water courses of this
country or Europe.  Its mild winters usually furnish ice enough for home consumption,
gathered during the cold si7Ctps that occasionally occur; while the pleasant bracing weather,
which prevails during many weeks of that season, gives abundant opportunities for outdoor labor, the use of hydraulic power and navigable water, and demands far less fuel than
is required in cities further north.  Located upon a small but beautiful river Baltimore
3
NEW CI TY HALL.
33
I 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
extends back over a succession of gently sloping hills, whose substratum is a sandy marl,
and through which no mephitic vapors arise, no dampness injurious to health or life.  In
the original construction of the city, these hills probably presented serious obstacles to our
worthy forefathers. Some were steep and unsightly, and required much grading, but the
gradual expansion of the town enabled its builders to trim the rough edges, and cut down
only so much as would relieve their precipitous character, without impairing their beauty
and picturesqueness. These hills rise one above another step by step, until, on the outer
boundaries of the city as now constituted, at almost any point, magnificent views of Baltimore, its harbor and the Chesapeake Bay, can be obtained. It may be also added that
THE CATHEDRAL.
because of its peculiar topography a person walking in any direction for three or four
hundred yards, can obtain panoramic views of different sections of the city, such as can
be had in few other places in the world. The Patapsco River with its inlets indents the
land upon which Baltimore is built to a very considerable extent, forming natural extensions for wharf-fronts, and at the same time adding greatly to the beauty of the harbor, and
the general landscape.   Perhaps at some early period in the history of our city the marshes
which formed at the head of these inlets, by their malaria may have produced those bilious
diseases so frequent along the water courses of the Chesapeake, and a citizen of to-day feels
doubtless a sensation of compassion, not unmixed however with self-congratulation, when
he thinks of his ancestor, racked and tortured with the s7Taking-ague as he hurried from his
morning meal to attend to the wants of his palsied customers. The marshes have long
since been drained, the shores about the inlets converted into substantial wharves for the
accomodation of our rapidly increasing commerce, and the miasma no longer rises from
the lowlands, to disconcert the calculations of our citizens.  Whether he dwells upon the
34 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RIESOURCES.
heights where he can view the broad expanse of water, the spreading woods and well
tilled fields of the surrounding country, or lives in a lowly hut on the river's bank, the
inhabitant of Baltimore is to-day in either case exempt from any of the diseases popularly
supposed to be generated in that element. In fact, Baltimore is one of the most healthful
cities in the world. Its location would make it so necessarily. "Cleanliness is next to
godliness" and certainly very conducive to health. The City, from every point, converges
by gentle slopes to the river. It matters not what may be the condition of the streets, a
heavy rain will thoroughly cleanse them of all impurities, and in case of a drought it is
only necessary to turn on the water by means of the plugs, to secure this result. Baltimore
was built gradually; obstacles of no common magnitude were to be surmounted, and
though these were regarded as disadvantages at the moment, they have since proved its
most attractive and healthful features. Their presence has given to us broad and well
ventilated streets, and a pleasing variety of surface, the absence of which is so oppressively
felt in other cities. In some instances irregularities have resulted from the many hills
encountered, but these without imparing their usefulness, have added greatly to the beauty
of the city. But there are other reasons why Baltimore is delightful as a home.
There is a subtle something, hard to describe, bon-homie, good fellowship, good breeding,
refinement, perhaps a combination of many excellent qualities, which seems to pervade
the very atmosphere of the City, and to penetrate all the avenues of life. From time
immemorial the reputation of our State and City for hospitality has been national. Recent
events-the opening of lines of railway, and the concentering of business and commercial
interests in Baltimore, through their representatives-have given a practical turn to this
feature of the people, and have spread its fame throughout the length and breadth of the
United States. Indeed, the numerous great assemblages that have taken place in our
midst during the past few years have borne such ample testimony to this quality, that any
further reference might savor of egotism. Society in Baltimore is delightful, and this
remark is intended to apply to all grades and classes. The lines of demarcation between
the different strata are finely drawn. The most severe and exclusive circles, refined,
intelligent and educated, exist side by side with less ostentatious, but not less cultivated
coteries; and in the humblest ranks of the community there is an independence of thought
and actionrwhich beget manhood in the higher sense of the term. That our citizens
fully appreciate this is attested by the fact, that Baltimoreans, in whatsoever section of the
globe they may be, like the Swiss for their native Alps, long for the City that gave them
birth, and never lose their pride in its beauty and delights.
A stranger from any of the large cities in this country or Europe, upon his entrance
into the City of Mlonuments, is struck by the utter absence of tenement-houses-those fearful
scourges, the hot-beds of crime and pestilence in so many of the larger communities
throughout the civilized world. There are none here. Baltimore does not need them.
Her unlimited capacity for extension in any direction is a practical barrier to the fabulous
prices obtained for land in other cities; and rents are so reasonable, and the rates of living
so much less expensive than elsewhere, that the humblest mechanic or laborer can ensconce
his family in a modest dwelling and surround them with the pleasures and comforts of
home. Instead of the indiscriminate herding of the industrious and the slothful, the sober
and the drunken, the upright and the criminal, the healthy and diseased, and the promiscuous mingling of the sexes, so destructive both to morality and life itself, the struggling man with small means can gather his household about him, in a commodious
dwelling, absolutely removed from impure contagion, and amenable only to those
influences which emanate from himself or his associations.  He and his family acquire an
individuality and manliness which are apt to display themselves for the right, in their
careers through life.  Home-influence, the strongest, the purest, and most precious that
can surround man, either in his relations to society, or the family circle, is offered here in
all its freshness and luxuriance; and other cities should not be surprised when we claim
superiority in this regard.
35 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
For many years Baltimore has fostered a Public School system, of which her citizens
have learned to speak with pride. Through all the dissensions of politics, and we have not
been exempt from them, this "stable bulwark" of good government and free institutions
has never been suffered to languish.  We would not consider it illustrative of our progress
BETHANY INDEPENDENT METHODIST CHURCH.
in this respect to exhibit a model school-lhouse at a World's Exposition, and yet our Public
School edifices will compare favorably, in point of architecture, internal adornment, and
personal comfort, with those of any city in the world. Further-by zealous and persistent
efforts on the part of our legislators, and careful study of the systems of the most
advanced states in America, and the most enlightened nations of Europe, our School
36 
ITS PAST HI-STORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
System has been perfected as far as it is possible to do so with our present experience.
The usefuil features of other plans have been incorporated with our own, and their
blemishes unhesitatingly rejected.  The Public Schools are open to all-from  the pitiful
gamin who cries the news through the day, and painfully ekes out his nightly slumbers
on cellar doors or market stands, to the fastidious scions of our most aristocratic families,
all are equally entitled to the benefits which our schools vouchsafe, and, what is more to
the point, they avail themselves of these advantages.  Experience has led our citizens,
without sectarian or class distinctions, to send their children to the public schools of the
city, and perhaps this commingling of the various elements that form the community has
done much to produce that fellowship which binds the different classes to each other.
When a boy has passed successfully through the various established grades-the Primary
Department, the Grammar School, and the City College-he has received as thorough and
comprehensive an education as can be obtained in many of the Colleges or Universities in
this country. This is plainly exemplified by the number of prominent merchants, successful bankers, skillful physicians, learned lawyers and shrewd politicians in our midst
who can claim no other Almca tYateir. There are other schools and colleges in Baltimore, and
thickly s-trewn through the State, of high repute, and supplied with corps of Professors, whose
names are a guarantee of the advantages they claim.  The education of the female portion
of our population has been an especial care of those who have been intrusted with the
supervision of our schools. Wise and virtuous mothers naturally lead to upright, manly
and useful sons.  Nowhere has this truth been more fully appreciated than in Baltimore;
and the Female Departmient of our Public Schools bears ample testimony to its practical
adoption.  While the esthetic and showy features of the more fashionable finishing institutions for ladies have not been overlooked, the solid and substantial training which leads
to perfect womanhood is made to assume its proper place in the system.  Thus the
women of our city are imbued with accomplishments which fit them to adorn whatever
station they may be called to fill, and at the same time are taught those durable branches
of knowledge which place them above the fickleness of fortune and the vicissitudes of life.
We give a summary of the number of Schools, Teachers, Pay Scholars, Free Scholars,
and the number on the roll October 31st, 1872, witli the average attendance and number
of different pupils in the various Public Schools of Baltimore City during the year.
no
I'                                                   0 ~. _    m  n:s
GC \D ES.
Baltimore City College,. 
Eastern Female High School,
Western                               1    14 "
Mlale Grammar.,..                                                        
Fenmale   "..3 
3Iale, (unclassified).
Female,    "                                 6      1
Mlale Primary,.                                                      
Female  "
Evening Schools, M{ale,. 
"       "    Female,
Day Schools, (Colored). 
Evening Schools,.            4
Music Teachers......
Drawing  "...
317      23    240
2'37 l   67    364I
379 4,')8
.7  4'9i  428
2,378   1,467 3,845
2,535  1,711  4,246
169     6)3    232
187     110    297
2,081 4,387  (,468
2,,312  4,390   6,702
12    712    724
29     29
603  1,567  2,170
316    214    530
11,5861 14,789  26,375
122~~~ 614   11,586 14,7F9 26,375 20,259  39,918~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The promotions during the year were to the Grammar Schools 486, and to Primary
Schools 2,401; making a total of 2,887.  Total number in School during the year 37,031.
37
I
I
1
18
19
. 1
1
) 8
31
(i
1
10
4
10
it
i 12
i 98
i 1012
i       liI
;      6
1 142
146
20
1      1
i 41
12,
1 4
4
314 5 O')
320 48(i
8841 565
3,194  5,918
3,437 6,390
184 351
232 404
4,840   1 9,756
5,0421 10,286
445 724
18 29
1,487 3,977
362 530
20,259 39,918
i
I
1 9 2, - II 614 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
Besides the Public Schools, there are "Institutes" for the education of females, supervised
and conducted by ladies whose very names are synonymes for all that is lovely and
refined in private life, where girls are taught by precept and example the beauties and
delights of the home-circle, and are fitted for that condition which has been so aptly
styled "unspotted faith and comely womanhood."
The "Normal School," for the education of teachers, is a branch of our Public School
system, and has been found very advantageous in the production of proficient instructors.
We would like to dwell more circumstantially upon the really admirable features of this
system, but our space is limited.
PEABODY           INSTITUTE.
As a natural auxiliary to the above, we come to those institutions which have been
founded through the munificence of some, and the public spirit of others of our citizens.
Among these "The Peabody Institute" stands pre-eminent, both because of the bountiful
nature of the benefaction, and the truly sublime character of the Donor.  The aim of Mr.
Peabody in the construction of the Peabody Institute has been but partially understood
by many of our citizens.  He was as wise as he was munificent.  He had arisen from the
humblest walks of life to affluence, and almost princely power. The sordidness usually
38 
ITS PAST IHIISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
begotten of wealth, and the arrogance which attends the acquisition of power, found no
lodging place in his great soul. His love for mankind, which was circumscribed neither by
race nor nationality,and his sound judgment,springing from a series of successful commercial
transactions, in which neither avarice nor dishonesty played a part, taught him that there
were strata in the human race which must be separately treated-that "what was one
man's meat was another's poison"-that efforts to contribute to the advancement of all
classes of people by the same means, were likely to result in the rending of the ties which
bind classes to each other, and would ultimately convert what was intended as a blessing
into an occasion of dissension and strife. Such certainly were the sentiments which actuated
him in bestowing upon Baltimore the munificent Institute which now crowns the summit
of her most beautiful thoroughfare. He never intended it to be popul'ar. The directions
given by Mr. Peabody for the selection of a Library, for the creation of the Academy of
Music, for the interior governance of the Institute, all point conclusively to the fact that
he had in his mind's eye the elevation of the great middle class of people, the safeguard
of every enlightened government on earth. Aristocracy was as far removed from his
thoughts as was its antipode. The former is supposed, through its wealth and influence,
to be able to take care of itself, and if at all desirous of soaring to the empyrean in art
science, or literature, a visit to foreign lands will quickly assure the gratification of such
a taste; the latter class, except in extreme cases, develops no such inclination. Abject
poverty, undisciplined tastes and passions, and utterly uncultivated minds, do not prepare
people to wrestle with the higher branches of education, any more than does preaching fit
a man for soldiering, or ploughing qualify him for the judicial ermine.
The poorest classes of the people are provided with ample instruction for whatever course
in life they propose to follow, and generally, they seek just so much as will enable them to
pursue it. Occasionally some youth more ambitious than the rest, or more richly endowed
with qualities which win, breaks through all obstacles, and outstrips his fellows in the race
of life. There is nothing in this country to stay his progress. It is as republican in tone,
as democratic in form. Class distinctions are of the slightest character-a helping hand is
immediately extended to such an one, and he at once passed from the lowest stratum, to a
higher place in society. Then can he avail himself of the advantages which "The Peabody"
holds out to every citizen of Baltimore.  Mr. Peabody had experienced just such a transmutation. From humble life, by regular gradations he had reached the highest social and
financial position. His mind closely analytic with reference to his fellow-creatures, and
wonderfully clear-sighted, wrought out for their benefit, schemes in different portions of
the world perfectly consistent with their wants in those localities.
In London, where thousands of the poor perish annually from starvation, he devoted a
princely fortune to the amelioration of their condition. In America, where it was required,
he bestowed a similar amount; but as has been said above Mir. Peabody was as far-seeing
as he was benevolent. America was the land of his nativity. He loved her, as only her
sons can love who have spent many of their days in a foreign land-when he returned to
her shores, after a lengthened absence, he saw many things to admire; but one element was
lacking which he had learned during his European experience, to consider essential to a
nation's advancement. That solid system of education fostered by a thousand years of
aristocratic and kingly rule in England, and on the continent, was nowhere to be discerned.
With scarcely an exception, the institutions of learning in the United States actually left
off where the Universities of Great Britain and Europe commenced.  The whole American
people were subject to a system of semi-education, which might serve for the present the
spirit of money-making inordinately developed among us, but which would in the future,
totally unfit men for grappling with the great problems that might arise when teeming
millions would swarm where thousands now imagined themselves crowded.   Imagination
too, ideality, what was known to the Greeks as "the beautiful," which makes up one-half,
and far the better half of human life, was in danger of being forgotten. No school of Art
39 
TlE MONUMENTAL CITY,
that deserved the name existed. To provide for such an anomalous state of society, and to
direct the American mind to the contemplation of all that is grand and beautiful in life, he determined to found institutions in different parts of America, through which, by libraries of the
first excellence, the diffusion of the principles of science, the illustration of the nobler
efforts of art, and the gradual education of the popular taste for the sublimer masters in
music, the Americans would ultimately come to learn and appreciate the advantages of
thorough, solid education as well as their neighbors across the water. His own declarations,
his own instructions, and the institutions which have arisen under his far-seeing beneficence,
tell us that such must have been his idea, and can there be a granderl?
IMr. Peabody amid the multitudinous cares of a splendid mercantile and financial career,
ever turned to Baltimore his adopted home and the scene of his early business successes.
When released from the restraints and anxieties of commercial life he repaired hither, and
selecting men of the most exalted tone in our city, he placed in their hands his princely
donation, with the most ample instructions for its disposal.  A massive marble structure
has arisen near the base of the Washington Monument.   A more appropriate place could
MARYLAND INSTITUTE.
scarcely have been selected.  Both structures commemoriate men who towered above their
generations, and who alike conferred incalculable benefits upon the American people.
Mfr. Peabody lived to see the completion of a portion of the Institute, and its practical
operation.  Already have those, whose education and tastes were  sufficiently advanced,
received great and enduring benefits from the Peabody Institute, and its influence is being
rapidly extended through our city. All institutions must grow, but more especially is this
the case with one whose noble aim peers so far into the future. To cultivate and elevate
the tastes and understandings of the people of Baltimore, was not the only object of George
Peabody-his prophetic soul looked far beyond that-he knew that Baltimore was destined
to become a great city, about which would radiate thousands of satellites. It was to extend
to all these dependencies of the future, the benefits which Baltimoreans may at present
derive from his splendid donations. That his hopes will be realized there can be no doubt.
40 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
WVe nowv come to the "M arylandcl Institute for the promotion of the Miechanic Arts."
Aboot twenty-five 5ears ago a number of public-spirited citizens perceiving the want of
some institution for the instruction and improvemnent of the masses in our city secured from
the Legislature a charter.  The institution was immediately organized under the name
_______ /,      ~
EUTAW PLACE BAPTIST CHURCH.
given above.  Its subsequent success is a matter of notoriety to our citizens.  It is essentially a popular Institute, and supplies exactly the need in our city for which the Peabody
was not designed.  Its course of popular and scientific lectures, meets just such longings as
41 
42        THE  MONUMENTAL CITY, ITS PAST HISTORY, ETC.
the great masses of the people are likely to feel, while the lectures at the Peabody are intended
for those much further advanced on the road to knowledge; in fact, for the few who have
the energy and will to penetrate the arcana of nature, and pluck from her all that man has
yet been able to unearth of her secrets.  The course of lectures at the Maryland Institute
has been for years, one of the most attractive features of our city. The greatest care is
exercised in the selection of the lecturers, and no expense spared to make the course entertaining and instructive. The Institute contains a large circulating library with quite a
number of valuable books, and very excellent selections from the popular literature of the
day. Here again we see the contrast between the two institutions, and how admirably, in
their respective spheres, they minister to the necessities of our city. The Library of the
Peabody is for reference. It was so intended by its founder. The most costly volumes,
compiled by the great Academies of Europe through royal bounty, are to be found on its
shelves. When the student has exhausted the resourses of the Maryland Institute and
acquired a fondness for study, and a thirst for knowledge through the avenues it so generously creates, he can betake himself to the Peabody, and he will find the one the
complement of the other. The various schools of the Maryland Institute, conducted upon
a scale of liberality which places them within the reach of the poorest and most humble
student, are provided with a corps of competent professors. Pupils are well-grounded in
all the elements of education, and fitted to strive for that higher sphere of intellectual culti.
vation which Mr. Peabody so eagerly hoped our countrymen would reach in the near future.
In addition to these features, an annual Exhibition is opened in the Institute Hall generally
in October. These Exhibitions are very attractive, collecting as they do specimens of the
handi-work and ingenuity of the inhabitants of different sections of the United States;
and there are usually offered to the inspection of the public, choice and varied specimens of
the Fine and Useful Arts. Many thousands of our citizens, young and old, have availed
themselves of its advantages, and the benefits that Baltimore has derived from its establishment are inestimable.
About thirty years ago a number of gentlemen met together in the old Postoffice Building
to organize an association for the purpose of "collecting, preserving and diffusing information relating to the Civil, Natural and Literary History of the State of Maryland, and
American History and Biography generally."  A charter was obtained from the State Legislature in 1845, and the association organized under the title of the "Maryland Historical
Society." The Athenaeum, a substantial building at the corner of St. Paul and Saratoga
streets, was completed in 1848 at an expense of $45,000, and presented to this Society by
the citizens of Baltimore.  The progress of the Association has been slow but steady.  The
nucleus of seventeen, has enlarged to upwards of four hundred members, embracing many
of the most prominent and distinguished merchants and professional men of the city.
The library of the society has increased to sixteen thousand volumes, many of them rare
and valuable; while the collection of Maps, Coins, Medals, Manuscripts, Charts &c. is very
large, and in point of excellence not inferior to any similar accumulation in this country.
The Mercantile Library Association was organized in 1839, by the merchants' clerks of
Baltimore. In 1848, the Association obtained a perpetual lease of the lower floor of the
Athenaeum building, and since that time the success of the enterprise has not been debateable.  The Library has rapidly increased and has become a feature in our city. It is
circulating in its character, and all classes of our citizens, ladies as well as gentlemen are
permitted to enjoy its privileges upon payment of the necessary dues.   Proper care is
exercised in the selection of books, and only those are placed upon the shelves which are
likely to elevate the tone, or encourage the literary taste of the reader. A reading-room is
attached to the library, which is always abundantly supplied with the latest journals, and
most popular periodicals.
John McDonogh, a native of Baltimore, but for many years a resident of New Orleans,
died in 1850 in the latter city, leaving a very large fortune to Baltimore and New Orleans 
~ ~          <>                            ___        ____
__
jhl           ___________                        I
YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION BUILDING. 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
for the education of poor children.  The will of Mr. McDonogh was contested and for a
number of years a legal war was waged which threatened to engulph the whole estate
and which did consume a large portion of the money intended for charitable purposes.
The contest was at length decided in favor of the two cities, and in the division of the
property Baltimore received about $800,000. The intention of the donor was to establish
a School-Farm, where children were to be instructed in the Christian religion, a plain
English education, music, and the art of husbandry or farming. The Trustees, who
have charge of the fund have purchased a farm of eight hundred and thirty-three acres of
land in Baltimore County, about ten miles from the city, and purpose erecting thereon an
institution with all the necessary improvements to carry out the views of Mr. McDonogh.
The school will begin with one hundred pupils, and with a fund of $700,000 the interest
from which will be amply sufficient to cover all expenses.
We now propose to notice briefly the Societies and Associations in our city that are
devoted to the relief of suffering humanity.
"God loves a cheerful giver "-so do the poor.  We know of nothing more refreshing
than the genial smile of benevolence playing over the countenance of a silver-haired grandfather who has battled with the world for three-quarters of a century.  If after contemplating all the meannesses, the frauds, the deceptions, the disappointments of his own life,
he can smilingly put his hand in his pocket and draw forth from its recesses with real
pleasure the vwherewithal for the comfa;rt of those less fortunate, that man is simply sublime,
and his name is w-ritteni in letters more lasting than bronze. Charity, which vauntethli itself
and is puffed up, the noisy demonstrative counterfeit of the genuine article, is as abundant
in Baltimore as elsewhere, but for true beneficence our city has no superior.
We will premise first that a street beggar is a rarity in Baltimore.  Many things have
conduced to this result,-the utter absence of tenement-houses, with their squalid wretchedness,-the fact that prior to the war the bulk of the poorer classes consisted of negroes,
and these were cared for by their masters,-the ample provision made by the city for this
class of our population,-but above all, the genuine spirit of benevolence which pervades
every avenue of our city, and gushes out regardless of race, sect or condition of life.
Almost every church in Baltimore has attached to it an eleemosynary association of some
description, and the vast majority of well to do and reputable citizens are connected with
onq or more of the organizations for the relief of suffering humanity.  Amnong those that
deserve special mention is the "Association for the Improvement of the Condition of tihe
Poor."  Enrolled on its books are the names of the most prominent of our citizens.  Its
system, as far as we know, is peculiar to Baltimore.  No imposing structure arises ostentatiously to point to the spot from whlence the good works spring, but a back office in a
building on a by no means conspicuous street, is all that the Society can call their own.
The object of the Association is not to assist paupers, but to discourage vagrancy and
street begging as much as possible.  As was said above, the city provides abundant refuge
for those who are unable to care for themselves, and however much the Association might
desire to give aid in this way, their limited resources would render it impossible.  Their
aim is to help worthy persons to help themselves.  Large communities swarm with
individuals, and even families, thoroughly worthy, whose daily lives are martyrdoms.
They struggle honestly, earnestly and industriously, but either owing to misdirected
efforts, or causes that neither economists nor philosophers have yet been able to explain,
they go down in the strife.
Frequently the heads of families are stricken down in the midst of their usefulness, and
helpless women and children are thrown upon the community without the means of
obtaining bread, or the worldly wisdom necessary to acquire those means,-business men
by a series of luckless operations are overwhelmed and paralyzed for the time being by the
very force of their misfortunes,-young men with situations which give them a bare support are overtaken by disease,-a disastrous fire may sweep away the accumulations of
44 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
years,-in all of these cases the parties would be too proud or too manly to become a
burden on the city, but a little help, the slightest in the world, extended at the proper
moment, will bridge over the chasmi in their lives, and enable themn to continue honorable
and useful members of society. To this portion of our population the services of the
Association have been unremitting. Quietly, on the principle that the right-hand should
not know what the left is doing, have the officers and agents moved through the city oil
their errand of mercy,
"To the alleys and lanes, where misfortune and guilt,
"Their children have gathered, their city have built,
"Where hunger and vice, like twin  beasts of prey,
"Have hunted their victims to gloom and despair.
*                       *          #      
"To the garret, where wretches, the young and the old,
"Half-starved and half-naked, lie crouched from the cold."
* $                                *          *
No portion of the city
has been neglected in their
visitations, and an especial
feature we  think of our
community, ladies refined
delicate, daintily dressed,
as ministering angels, follow in the footsteps of these
Good Samaritans, and the
dlark  dens  of wretchedness-for such there must
be in every large city-are
not seldom illumined  by
their gentle presence. As
we have cdwelt at considerable length upon the above
organization, we are conmpelled to enumerate  the
other minor charitable institutions  wNithout  comment.   They are as followvs:   "Henry  Watson
Chllildren's Aid    Society,"
"Boys' Home,"  " Manual
Labor School," "House of
Industry,"   " Home   for
Girls,"  "St. Paul's Boys'
Home," "Industrial School
for Girls," "St. Mary's Industrial School," "German
Orphan Asylum," " Union
Orphan Asylum,"  "Baltimore  Orphan  Asylum,"
"Colored Orphan Asylum,"
"Christ  Church  Orphan
Asylum," "St. MIary's Orphan Asylum," "St. Vincent's Orphan  Asylum,"
"THE HOMELESS BOY."
45
l 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
"St. Patrick's Orphan Asylum," "Hebrew Orphan Asylum," "St. Peter's Orphan Asylum," "St. Francis Orphan Asylum," "St. Anthony's Orphan Asylum," "St. Paul's
Orphan Asylum,"  "Aged Men's Home,"  "Aged Women's  Home,"  " Home  of the
Friendless," "House of the Good Shepherd,"  "Church Home,"  "Protestant Infirmary," "Lombard Street Infirmary," "Washington University Hospital," "The Home,"
THE OLD FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, BUILT IN 1791.
46
i 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
"St. Joseph's German Hospital," "Young Catholic Friends' Society," "Sabbath As sociation," "St. Joseph's School of Industry," "St. Vincent's Infant Asylum," "St
Agnes' Hospital," "Asylum of the Little Sisters of the Poor," "Conferences of St. Vincent
de Paul," "Confraternity of St. Peter," "McKim Free School," "Colvin Institute," "Pris oners Aid Association," "Young Men's Christian Association,"   Young Women's Christian
Association,"  and   eight                                           -'
Dispensaries which dlstri-                   _.i/i;/,.~
bute medicines gratuitous-              =.,
ly to the poor.  The above 
are all imbued with the,  ==: ___
same  spirit  of  homely        1      _     -
charity as that association 
of which we h           ave spoken
at  l     ength.  They  realize   
the truth of the adage, that      ~~~
"charity begins at home,
and they find an inexhaust _ _
ible field for the  display ofC C
their energies. To  say that                        a c     f      0       i
Baltimore ha                    s    reaped  in-  t t
calculable  benefits   from
their exertions,    and that           -             I   flelt
the  conspicuous  lack  of,s
real poverty in our midst
is mainly due to them, is
but a feeble expression of
the work they,  have accore-                                    _ _       ~     ~      7:>
plisled.                                                         _
A magnificent edifice has
been dedicated to the poor
by our City Fathers on the
eastern limits of the city.
The building entitled "Bay
View," because of the cx-   -         __       __
pansive view it affords of
the Chesapeake Bay and
the surrounding country, is
spacious, commodious, and
from its inner comforts, andthe adoption of all modern
improvements more sugges-               I
tive of the ample means of
some nabob who has retired from the cares of life  -
upon a princely income,'?_____
than of the home of the forlorn and helpless vagabonds
which the seething caul-              THE NEW FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.*
dron of city life casts to the suiface. It w as built at a cost of $500,000 and is surrounded
by grounds containing forty-six acies of land, from w~hence all the vegetables indigenu
to this portion of the globe, can he had in quantities to insure an unfailing supply to the
occupants.
* Heighit of Towers,?8, 128 and 268 feet.
47
I 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
Immediately outside of the western boundaries of our city is located another monument
of the energy of some of our citizens, and those who administered the affairs of the corporation in times agone. This is the House of Refuge, for the reformation of boys who, like
Topsy, "never had no mother, but growed," or whose parents after a series of years of
unsuccessful training have pronounced them incorrgtble, and have turned them over to
the tender mercies of those who recognize no such word in their vocabulary.  For years
this asylum was tolerably well supplied with inmates, but the establishment of the
"Boys' Home," and kindred institutions, has materially retarded the growth of these
embryotic felons, and it is to be hoped that the rapid enlargement in the future of their
sphere of usefulness will leave the House of Refuge without occupants.
The nations of antiquity were divided as to their policy for disposing of those afflicted
with constitutional infirmities.  While some maintained the doctrine that those who, by
reason of the loss of one or more of the senses, or because of physical deformity, could not
contribute towards the support of the State, should be summarily slaughtered; others
upheld the less revolting but almost equally absurd theory, that this class were divinities
or demi-gods, and should be worshipped accordingly. The insane, the idiotic, the blind,
the deaf and dumb, were in some communities immediately put to death, while in others
their mad prattle or incoherent mutterings were unhesitatingly adopted as oracles upon
which depended the fate of empires. Though perhaps it is quite as impossible now to
"minister to a mind diseased" as in the days of yore, it must be confessed that the moderns
in their appreciation of this unfortunate class are far ahead of the ancients.
Every enlightened community regards them as the wards of the nation, an outgrowth
it may be of the sins of the people, but nevertheless irresponsible for their misfortunes, and
to be cared for with the utmost kindness and tenderness, as does a parent for an afflicted child.
Some of the finest edifices in our country, imposing in design, artistic in structure and
splendidly finished, attest the consideration which our people evince toward this phase of
suffering humanity.
The State of Mlaryland has vied with private benevolence inll her efforts to provide for
the afflicted, and the result has been the erection of Asylums magnificent in point of
architectural finish, and embracing in their management all the best features that the
extensive experience of the nineteenth century can furnish.  Nineteen years ago a project
was set on foot which had for its object the erection of an Insane Asylum.   A number
of citizens banded together and raised an amount sufficient to purchase one hundred and
thirty-six acres of land on the road leading from Baltimore to Catonsville. This property
was donated to the State, on condition that an Asylum should be erected for the insane.
Successive legislatures appropriated about $750,000 for this purpose and the result has
been the "Spring Grove Asylum," an institution complete in all its appointments, with
capacity for three hundred patients, and which is equal in every respect to any similar
establishment in this or any other country.
Moses Sheppard, descended from a Quaker family and a member of that persuasion himself, died in this city in 1857, after having amassed by industry and frugality, a very
considerable fortune.  Mr. Sheppard, early in life was horrified at sight of the treatment
extended to insane paupers in our almshouses and jails.  Men and women were crowded
into narrow cells, stripped of every comfort, chained to the floor or braced to the miserable
apologies for beds and literally suffered to wallow in filth. Their coarse and insufficient
food was grudgingly meted out to them, and scantily clad they were exhibited like wild
beasts to the morbid gaze of those whose gorge did not revolt at the spectacle. Many
whose mild maladies might have been cured by timely and proper treatment, were transformed into raving maniacs, and instances were not rare of patients tortured to death by
the use of the scourge or the lack of decent food. They were treated as though they were
incarcerated for heinous crimes rather than confined as a security to themselves, with the
hope of ameliorating their condition. This system was long in vogue in many sections of
48 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
this country. Custom had deadened the sensibilities of the public, and its very antiquity
was a sufficient excuse for its brutality.
That we have been emancipated from this frightful incubus, that we have awakened to
a proper appreciation of this unfortunate class of people, and that the insane from all
parts of our State can now, within a stone's throw of Baltimore, receive the best attention and treatment that skill or experience can suggest, is due to the munificence and
energy of such men as Moses Sheppard. For many years this subject was the leading
idea of his life. He surrounded himself with plans, examined carefully the designs of the
most prominent Asylums in the country, and studied the various systems adopted for the
1i
in
'I"
_________  ~,l1~W,I''~'''"'~""'~1
HEBREW HOSPITAL.
treatment of lunatics. Before his death he had matured a scheme for an Insane Asylum
somewhat novel in its character, and it is to be presumed, from the care bestowed upon its
creation, the best that has yet been devised.
Six hundred thousand dollars were donated by Mr. Sheppard for the erection and
maintenance of the institution. The money was prudently invested, and has since that
time with the property acquired increased to $1,000,000.
Three hundred and seventy-seven acres of land have been purchased within six
miles of Baltimore, with an outlet both upon Charles Street Avenue and the York
4
49 
THE MIONUMENTAL CITY,
Road. The land is beautifully located in one of the most picturesque sections of our
State, and in the hands of the landscape-gardener is destined to become a most exquisite
addition to the natural ornaments which surround our city. The building is in course of
erection, the annual income from the endowment furnishing the funds for its construction.
The style of architecture is Elizabethan. When completed it will have no superior on
this continent for beauty of design, or substantial comfort to those who will be its occupants.
The patients are to be selected by the Trustees, according to their best judgment,-and
as the establishment is mainly designed for a curative Hospital, care must necessarily be
taken to open its doors principally to those whose types of insanity are such as hold out
hopes of ultimate recovery. The charges for maintenance of patients are to be regulated
by the ability of themselves or their relatives to pay their expenses; if utterly unable, the
charges will be remitted altogether.
"Mount Hope," in the Northwestern suburbs of the City, has long been celebrated for
its'treatment of insane patients. The accommodations of the institution are ample, while
the beautiful grounds by which it is surrounded must, if anything can, produce a soothing
effect upon the terrible maladies of those who saunter through its avenues or rest under
the peaceful shadows of the foliage, so near to the whirl and bustle of the busy city, and
yet so entirely separated from its life and passions.
It will thus be seen that through State aid and private charity and enterprise, those
bereft of reason in our midst have been most lavishly provided with homes.
Closely allied to the above, are the institutions for the cure of inebriates. The opinion
has rapidly gained ground during the past few years that drunkenness, like insanity, consumption and a host of other maladies is constitutional or inheritable. Whether this be
so or not it is unnecessary here to inquire. Philanthropists have been awakened to the
necessity of placing a check upon this frightful scourge. Whether proceeding from the
painful weakness of human nature, or the reckless carelessness which has almost become
a feature of modern life, the results of drunkenness are the same upon the public weal,
and society to save itself has been forced to seek the best method of preventing it. Inebriate Asylums have been established in different parts of the country, and Baltimore has
not been behindhand. A number of benevolent persons founded a few years ago, an
Asylum in the Western part of Baltimore, and Mount Hope Retreat, about six miles
from the City, has a distinct department reserved for the restoration of inebriates. It may
seem quixotic to direct benevolence to this channel, but when we consider that the majority
of diseases are directly or indirectly the result of violations of the plainest principles of
nature, and that by far the greater number of crimes may be traced to the improper use of
spirituous liquors, the question assumes another aspect. Instances are not rare of poor
besotted wretches rescued from the gutter and taken to these retreats, limp, quivering with
horror and bearing about them but the semblance of manhood with its noble attributes,
its god-like qualities nearly dead. Kind words, gentle nursing, soothing remedies have
restored the relaxed muscles, and given tone to the broken spirit, and a few weeks have
sufficed to effect a radical cure. Many a valuable life has been saved, many a useful citizen restored to society through their influence.
The maimed, the halt, and the blind have been equally the objects of solicitude in our
City and State.  The "Deaf and Dumb Asylum" established by the State in the city of
Frederick, is an enduring memorial of her consideration for all classes of her citizens. In
addition to the substantial and handsome edifice erected for their comfort, the institution
has been supplied with a corps of competent instructors, who educate the unfortunate children confided to their care as far as their sad deprivations will permit, and the proficiency
attained by the pupils in all branches of knowledge is truly wonderful when we consider
the obstacles against which they have to contend. An Asylum has been established on
Broadway, in this City, for the care and education of colored deaf mutes.
50 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
The Maryland Institution for the Instruction of the Blind, located on North Avenue, in
this City, was incorporated in 1853, through the efforts of several benevolent citizens. The
present building, constructed of Baltimore County Marble at a cost of $145,000-is beautifully located and can accomodate all who are likely to apply for admission for years to
come. Those who are able to pay are expected to do so, but the indigent are received and
educated at the expense of the State.
Mr. Thomas Kelso, a native of Ireland, but for eighty-two years a citizen of Baltimore, has
been long known in our city as a benevolent and philanthropic gentleman. His many donations to charitable purposes, and the princely aid he has given to churches would of
themselves entitle him to special notice. Age has not dimmed that spark of humanity
which shone with such lustre in days of yore, nor has experience tempered its brightness.
Eighty-nine years of life have but intensified his love for his fellow beings. Within a few
weeks he has purchased a house and lot for a Methodist Episcopal Orphan Asylum, and
BLIND ASYLUM.
has endowed it with one hundred thousand dollars. Thus in the evening of his days
he is enabled to contemplate the practical workings of his many charities, and to behold
this crowning memorial which will number him among the benefactors of mankind.
Samuel Ready, a native of Baltimore County, but for many years a lumber-dealer in our
City, left at his death $400,000, for the establishment of an Asylum for Female Orphans.
Early in life his attention was attracted to those pitiful waifs who stray into lumber-yards,
and earn a precarious livelihood by the pickings and frequently, stealings they may gather
thence.
He was painfully aware of the manifold temptations to which they are exposed and the
aim of his existence appears to have been, by rigid economy and close application to
business, to set apart a sufficient sum to provide these little creatures with a shelter and
home.
Mr. Johns Hopkins, a gentleman thoroughly identified with the interests of Baltimore,
and one of her wealthiest and most influential citizens, has determined to establish a
51 
52        THE MO-NUMElT.AL CITY, ITS PAST HISTORY, ETC.
series of charities which for munificence and scope, will exceed any heretofore instituted
by any one person in America. Mr. Hopkins is of an old and highly respectable Quaker
family from the adjoining county of Anne Arundel, and came to Baltimore in 1812, and
entered upon a mercantile career which by his sagacity, frugality and energy, has
developed into a success unexampled in the history of the City. While amassing a fortune,
colossal in its dimensions, he has kept steadily in view the prosperity and advancement of
Baltimore, and has contributed greatly to the improvement of the City by fostering her
commercial interests, erecting solid and substantial edifices for her increasing trade, and
extending timely and judicious aid to her young and enterprising merchants and
manufacturers.
The material assistance which he granted to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in the
hours of darkness which shrouded that corporation prior to 1857, is deserving of special
mention. Mr. Hopkins endorsed the paper of the corporation to a large amount, and
pledged his private fortune in support of the Company's interests. The present condition
of that great work fully attests his sagacity, and to the judgment which led him to embark
BOYS' HOME.
his capital in the fortunes of this comnpany, is due much of the success which has attended
his subsequent business career. He now proposes to crown a useful life by conferring upon
the community in which he made it the perpetual benefit of much the larger portion of
his great fortune.
The "Johns Hopkins University" has been organized by the appointment of trustees.
They have been carefully selected by Mr. Hopkins from among the business men of the
highest standing and character in Baltimore. It will be a University in fact and not
merely in name-embracing in its functions the various branches necessary to thorough
education, to which will be added a Botanical School on an extended scale. His magnificent and beautiful estate on the outskirts of the City, "Clifton," containing nearly four
hundred acres of land, has been set apart for this purpose, and the trustees have been
clothed with ample powers for the maintenance of the University in a manner which will
be creditable to the City and an honor to the memory of the donor. Its endowment will
be four millions of dollars.
The site of the old Maryland Hospital, fourteen acres within the City, has been purchased by Mr. Hopkins for the erection of a Hospital for the reception of all persons 
l
I        I
________                                                                                                                                   IFlIIII
Ir          iThIIr!IIjjrIrilLJII;~i>IIlI                    IIIIt     I                                                       -                                          iI
HOME OF THE AGED OF THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, CORNER OF WEST FRANKLIN AND FULTON STREETS, BALTIMORE
1,l~
. jtl~'l-1 j, 
54       THE MO1NUMENTAL CITY, ITS PAST HISTORY, ETC.
afflicted with bodily injuries or non-contagious disorders. Separate buildings will be
provided for the sexes, and also for the unfortunate of different races. The services of the
most skillful surgeons and physicians will be secured, and an endowment of over two
millions will provide ample means for its support.
In addition to the above, Mr. Hopkins has made liberal arrangements for the erection
of an asylum for the education and maintenance of about four hundred colored orphan
children, which will be under the supervision of the trustees of the "Johns Hopkins
Hospital."
"THE PRESS" of Baltimore is peculiar.  In these days when journalism may be said
to be paramount, when it directs public opinion, frames legislation, prescribes the code of
morality, and at the same time furnishes highly seasoned and meretricious food to palates
vitiated by excess of sensation, the Press of our City is almost original. Its aim thus far
has been "to hold up the mirror to nature," faithfully to portray current events as they
actually occur, to exaggerate nothing, "nor set down aught in malice."
The example set by several of the great dailies of New York, of transforming the most
trivial events into matters of excitement through the magic of a vivid imagination, or of
relying entirely upon that wonderful faculty for striking impressions, has been extensively
imitated in many of the large cities of America. Public taste thus perverted reacts upon
public journals, and a morbid appetite is engendered which newspapers find it difficult to
satisfy. The Press of our City has happily avoided this snare, and the public of Balti more, by its appreciation, endorses what it considers the true vocation of journalism.
Our journalists are men of culture, education and ability, and what is of infinitely
more importance, incapable of prostituting the censorship they exercise, for personal con siderations. The entente cordiale is strictly observed between those engaged in rival
enterprises, and rarely forgotten even in the ardor of a political campaign.
The history of the Press of Baltimore would be exceedingly curious and interesting,
but our space will only permit a brief reference to those newspapers at present in existence,
and wielding a potent influence in the community.   Tlze Baltimore American and Com mercial Advertiser naturally heads the list, both because of its antiquity and its importance
as a public journal. Away back in the annals of the City, when Baltimore was little
more than a country village, and Annapolis a commercial emporium, we find mention of
a Mr. William Goddard, a printer of Rhode Island, who, with the acuteness and enter prise so characteristic of his section, moved from Philadelphia, where he had for sometime
resided, and on the 20th of August, 1773, established a paper in this City, entitled the
Maryland Journal and Baltinore Advertitser.  Prior to this date it was customary to
receive the paper from and send advertisements to either Annapolis or Philadelphia.
It is difficult to conceive at this day that Baltimore could have been at any time so
helplessly dependent upon Annapolis, that venerable connecting link between the present
and the past. Goddard's paper was at first issued in weekly instalments from a house on
South street, near the main thoroughfare of the City.  The smouldering fires of the Revolution were being rapidly fanned into a blaze, and a feverish excitement had taken possession of the public. A better moment for beginning a newspaper enterprise could
scarcely have been selected, and the old files of the paper give convincing prqof of the
proprietor's appreciation of the crisis. Mr. Goddard more than once during "the times
that tried men's souls" displayed an indomitable perseverence in the acquisition of news
so characteristic of modern journalists, but not viewed in a friendly light by our Revolutionary fathers. On several occasions he was called to account for inopportune publications, or for the freedom with which he criticised the actions of those in power, and the ardor
with which he espoused the cause of Gen. Charles Lee, when that officer was suspended
by the fiat of a court-martial, brought about his ears the indignant protests of a number
of patriotic citizens, and but for a timely recantation, which he subsequently disclaimed, 
THE BALTIMORE AMERICAN BUILDING,
126 & 128 WEST BALTIMORE STREET.
(i
-.":.......... _a
177"3 
56        THE MONUMENTAL CITY, ITS PAST HISTORY, ETC.
he would have received the coat of tar and feathers which was administered by the popu lace to several of his less fortunate supporters.
After the war, and during the suspension of Benjamin Franklin from the Postoffice
Department, -]r. Goddard resigned the editorial chair to his sister, Miss Mary K. Goddard,
and undertook the establishment of post-routes in different parts of the country. Miss
Goddard was perhaps the first of her sex in America to assume the arduous duties of a
journalist, but with the assistance of several gentlemen of talent and public spirit, she
more than maintained the high character the paper had acquired under the management
of her brother.   She afterwares took charge of the local postoffice, and discharged the
duties of both positions with credit to herself, and to the entire satisfaction of the great
public of Baltimore, which at this period consisted of some seven or eight thousand persons.
The early files of the paper, a number of which are still preserved at the Americanr
office, exhibited signs of business energy and enterprise which compare very favorably
with like manifestations in our city to-day. The advertising columns were well filled,
and the accuracy and celerity apparent in the collection of news seem marvellous when we
consider the impossibility of easy and regular communication.
These old files give a very fair picture of the customs which prevailed at that period.
The announcement of a combat to take place on Laudenslager's hill, between a royal
Bengal tiger and four well trained dogs, sounds rather primitive to modern readers of
newspapers, and the result of the terrific struggle, the dying agonies of the royal brute,
and the subsequent exhibition of his stuffed skin to the public at a shilling a head, and
half price for those of tender years, is really refreshing in the light of these degenerate
days, when the fancy are confined to the tamer amusements of cock-fighting, rat-killing
and punching each others heads.
In 1798 the name of the Magayland Jour}nal and Baltimore Advertiser was changed to the
American and Daily Advertiser, and in the year 1820 to the BALTIMORE AMERICA' AND
COLMMERCIAL ADVERTISER, the title under which it is issued at present.   The Americant
during the hundred years of its life has not been exempt from the vicisitudes of fortune.Like other papers its lines have sometimes been cast in pleasant places, and at others the
reverse has been the case. Its course however has always been consistent. Bold and
outspoken in its sentiments and generally enlisted on the side of good government and
the true interests of Baltimore, it has become a power in the community and has aided
very materially in the development and progress of our City.
In 1855, IMr. Charles C. Fulton, its present proprietor, took charge of the paper. A practical newspaper man himself he fully appreciated the fact that a public Journal to be
successful must give the news to its readers in an attractive form and with as near an
approach to accuracy as circumstances will permit. Since that time the success of the
American has been uninterrupted As its name imports, it is an admirable commercial
paper and relied upon by our merchants and business men for its able and thorough
market reports and monetary articles.
The tone of the paper is temperate and the impartial bearing it has maintained upon all
questions affecting the growth and development of our City and its internal management,
has established for it a reputation for good sense and sound judgment, and its advice has
been repeatedly sought and acted upon by the municipal authorities, even though opposed
to its political teachings. The financial management of the paper since 1869 has been
marked by great ability and enterprise, and has contributed measurably to its prosperity.
The publication of THE SUN, of which Mr. A. S. Abell, the original founder, is the
proprietor, was begun May 17th, 1837. It was the first attempt made in this city to
establish a penny-paper, and its success during the first nine months of its existence far
exceeded the most sanguine hopes of its projectors. The breaking out of the Mexican war
and the energy displayed by the proprietors of The Sunb in securing the earliest intelligence from the seat of war by means of a pony express gave the paper an impetus which
it has since then maintained, in fact, its subsequent career has been an uninterrupted success. 
THIE SUN IRON BUILDING,
S. E. Corner of Baltimore and South Streets,
B13ALTIMORE, MD.
OFFICE OF THE D IL Y A.JD WEEKL Y S US,
THE BEST AND CHEAPEST NEWSPAPERS PUBLISHED.
Daily circulation larger than all the other city morning papers combined-conse            quently unrivalled as an advertising medium.
TERMS-Daily Sun, $6 for 12 months; $3 for 6 months; $1.50 for 3 months.
Weekly Sun, $1.50 for 12 months; $1 for 6 months-in advance.
A. S. ABELL & CO., PROPRIETORS.  
THE MONUMENTAL CITY, ITS PAST HISTORY, ETC.
As a public journal, giving the news in a concise but readable form, The Sun has no
superior in the country. Sagacity and enterprise are exhibited in its management, and
its editorial columns are marked by ability and sound sense. The Sun Iron Building, on
the southeast corner of South and Baltimore streets, from whence the paper is at present
issued, was the first edifice of that character erected in America. It was built entirely of
iron at a time when business men generally were unwilling to try the experiment, and its
usefulness and beauty have abundantly attested the discernment of Mr. Abell.
The publication of THE DAILY EXCHiANGE was begun in this City on the 22d of February, 1858. The paper because of the bold stand it assumed with reference to local
disorders and its manly and vigorous leaders, immediately attracted attention.
It was mainly instrumental in restoring a healthy tone to local politics, and during the
first year of its existence became a power in the community.
The Exchange was suppressed by the strong arm of the military in 1861, but promptly
reappeared as the MARYLAND NEWS SHEET, under which title it was published until the
cessation of hostilities in 1865, when it was issued under its present name, THE BALTIMORE GAZETTE. On the 3d of May of the present year The Gazette partially changed
hands.
Mr. CHARLES J. BAKER, a prominent merchant and ma nufacturer of this City, and a gentleman of no ordinary enterprise, united himself with Messrs. Welsh & Carpenter in the
conduct of the paper-the latter having been connected with it from its origin. The name
of Mr. Baker must be a tower of strength to any journal issued in Baltimore City.  With
rare business tact, large experience and ample means, he unites sterling integrity and a
lofty and generous nature, whose impulses are ever enlisted for the advancement of the
City and the good of the people.
The Gazette will be published hereafter in the quarto form, after the manner of the leading New York dailies. Its prospectus is admirable. "It will maintain fully and fearlessly
an independent position; but whilst it will be free from all partizan trammels, it will consistently advocate and maintain Democratic principles.
It will be under the control of no cliques It will not admit the right of any one to
dictate its policy. It will utter its own opinions.
It will defend the right. It will denounce wrong. It will strive to be worthy of public
confidence, by correct accounts of current events, and fair discussion of public measures;
by withholding scandal, as well as exposing public vices. It is pledged not to screen
wrong doing in any one. Political and commercial friends will be sustained, so far as
they are right. If they wish wrong palliated, or schemes of plunder and mismanagement
in public affairs defended, they must seek other helpers.
Considering the growth and wealth and resources of this city, its extending commerce,
its many avenues of trade, * * * *; considering its position and capability of becoming
one of the largest centres of commercial and manufacturing activity in the country; considering the number and increase of its public charities, and plans of public education, we
have room among its growing activities for more public journals, and especially for one of
the very highest class.
In carrying out its plans it will scrutinize the management of public institutions and
faithfully comment on their administration, and the capacity and uprightness of their
managers. It will advocate a liberal policy for public schools; and whilst it will be a
cherished aim to watch these nurseries of thought and morals for evidences of successful
and conscientious administration, it will not hesitate to oppose promptly partisanship or
incapacity in school boards or teachers."
With the enlargement of the size of the paper there will be a corresponding increase in
the amount of reading matter, and no pains will be spared to obtain the earliest and most
trustworthy news and the most interesting correspondence.
59 
N               
Pl( i
GERMAN CORRESPONDENT BUILDING,
CORNER BALTIMORE STREET AND POST OFFICE AVENUE. 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY, ITS PAST HISTORY, ETC.
The above is the programme of The Gazette under its new auspices. The names of the
gentlemen who have charge of the paper are a sufficient guarantee that it will be complied
with in every respect.
This journal already wields a potent influence in the City of Baltimore and many sections of Maryland and the Southern States. That this will be measurably increased under
its new direction admits of no doubt.
The emigration of Germans to our city has aided materially in its development. As a
class they have been industrious, energetic and enterprising, and many of the interests,
detailed minutely in another portion of this volume, owe their rise and subsequent success
to their sagacity and skill. A large number of them upon reaching our shores find it
dfficult to master our language, and in consequence several newspapers have been established in this city which are published in the German language.
The most prominent is the GERMAN CORREsPO1DENT,founded in 1840 by Col. Frederick
Raine, who has been since that time, a period of nearly thirty-three years, its proprietor
and chief editor. The paper began its career as a weekly journal, with a list of eighty
subscribers, but, through the prudence and energy of its proprietor, in 1848 it became one
of the leading dailies of our city. In 1869, the Marble Building at the southwest corner of
Baltimore street and Post Office avenue, was built by Colonel Raine at a cost of $200,000,
and since that time the Correspondent has been regularly issued from that handsome and
substantial edifice. Its success is sufficient evidence of the admirable management of the
paper and the ability displayed in the editorial columus has made it an influential organ
among the Germans of Maryland and the neighboring States.
A number of weekly papers are published in this City, prominent among which is the
BALTIMORE BULLETIN, of which W. Mackay Laffan and S. S. Early are proprietors.This paper was established in 1870, and by its sprightliness, wit and common sense, soon
earned for itself a popularity surpassing that of any weekly in Baltimore. It is not likely
to lose its prestige in the hands of its present publishers.
Among the periodicals published the SOUTHERN MAGAZINE occupies perhaps the most
conspicuous place. Its selected matter evinces taste and judgment, and the original articles
which appear in its pages give evidence of ability and cultivation.
Among the weeklies and monthlies there are a number of journals devoted exclusively
to religion. These are under the auspices of the different denominations and are well
supported by the respective Churches, both in this City and the rural districts of this and
other States.
THE MIERCHANTS EXCHANGE AND NEWS ROOM has been organized for more than a
half century. For the past thirty years it has been under the management and proprietorship of Mer. George U. Porter.  Prior to the purchase by the general Government of the
old Exchange Building, the reading rooms were located therein, but in 1857, they were
removed to the adjoining building where they have since been located. A careful record
is preserved at the Exchange News Rooms, of the marine and commercial news; telegraphic advices of the New York and Liverpool markets are received; together with files
of papers from all the principal points in our own and foreign countries. The rooms are
maintained at considerable expense and for support are dependent upon the annual subscriptions of the members.
The MARINE'OBSERVATORY is situated on Federal Hill, overlooking the river and
Chesapeake Bay to a distance of twenty miles and signaling vessels as they approach the
harbor. Though entirely independent of the Exchange, it is nevertheless a valuable
auxiliary.
THE BOARD OF TRADE of Baltimore, with the single exception of the New  York
Chamber of Commerce, is the oldest in the United States. It was organized in 1820, and
in 1849 a reorganization was effected which proved highly beneficial, the Board since that
time having proved itself thoroughly active and efficient. Recently, similar organizations
4
61 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
have been formed in nearly all the cities on the seaboard, from Portland to New Orleans,
and every prominent city in the West to the Pacific coast has its Board of Trade or
Chamber of Commerce, designed more especially to promote the interests of its immediate
locality, but by united representation in the National Board, destined to wield much
influence in shaping the commercial policy of the country. The high character of the
men who compose the Board in this City have given to it a tone and strength almost
peculiar to Baltimore.
The members elect annually a President, four Vice Presidents, Secretary, Treasurer, and
twenty-four Directors. Stated monthly meetings are held in their rooms at the Exchange
Reading Rooms for the transaction of business. The first President under the reorganization in 1849 was John C. Brune, who filled that position with credit to himself and to the
satisfaction of the Board until 1862, when he was succeeded by Thomas C. Jenkins, who
served three years. The lamented Albert Schumacher was then chosen President, which
position he occupied until his death, on the 26th of June, 1871. Horatio L. Whitridge was
selected as the successor of Mr. Schumacher and still occupies the position with B. M.
Hodges, Jr., J. Hall Pleasants, Laurence Thomsen and Israel M. Parr, Vice Presidents,
Edward B. Dallam, Treasurer, and George U. Porter, Secretary. Mr. Port has filled the
position of Secretary to the Board since 1849, the date of its reorganization, with great
acceptability to the members.
THE BALTIMORE PRICE CURRENT AND WEEKLY JOURNAL OF COMMERCE was first
issued on 29th June, 1849, by George U. Porter and Thomas W. Tobin. Prior to that
period and for some years thereafter but little attention was bestowed by the daily newspapers upon commercial reports, and the need of such a publication was keenly felt by
our merchants. Since the death of Mr. Tobin, in April, 1862, Mr. Porter has edited and
conducted this journal, and is at present its sole proprietor.
The Price Current is a faithful index of the Baltimore markets. It is conducted with
marked ability, and is accepted by our merchants and business men as the highest
authority in all matters pertaining to the trade and commerce of our City.
No city in America offers a broader field than Baltimore for the development of journalistic enterprise.   Those papers already established are eminently worthy of  the
patronage they receive, but in a city of 300,000 inhabitants there must necessarily be room
for at least twice the number of journals which now occupy the field.
The moral and religious tone of our community is excellent. Though the city is not
exempt from the nameless evils incident to all localities where human beings dwell together
in masses, immorality does not rear its brazen front with impunity, nor does the law by
its inaction encourage vice or embolden its votaries. Purity from time immemorial has
been claimed as an especial virtue of the inhabitants, and our citizens have not soiled the
fair fame which has come down to them as a priceless legacy from their ancestors. Balti    moreans are eminently a church-going people.
There are two hundred and four churches within the limits of the City divided among
the different denominations as follows: Methodist Episcopal 46; Protestant Episcopal 30;
Catholic 24; Presbyterian 18; Evangelical Lutheran 13; Baptist 10; Jewish Synagogues 9;
Methodist Episcopal {South) 9; Methodist Protestant 8; United Brethren 8; African Meth   odists 7; Reform Church 6; Independent Methodists 2; Friends 3; Swedenborgian 3.
Evangelical Association 2; Independent Church 2; and the Christian, Seamen's Union
Bethel, Unitarian, and Universalists each one. Of the two hundred and four churches,
seventeen are maintained by the colored population of the City. In this summary of
churches none save those within the boundaries of the corporation are enumerated.
Immediately outside of the jurisdiction of the city are numerous churches and chapels,
many of them constructed and maintained largely through the liberality of our citizens,
which would swell the aggregate considerably. There are two hundred and thirty-seven
ecclesiastics actively engaged in ministerial duties who may be classified as follows:
62
A; 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
Catholics 61; Methodist Episcopal 43; Protestant Episcopal 44; Presbyterian 18; Evangelical Lutheran 12; Baptist 9; Methodist Protestant 9; Methodist Episcopal (South) 9;
United Brethren 6; Reformed Church 6; African Methodist 5; Independent Methodist 2;
Evangelical Association and Independent Church, two each; and the Christian Church,.
i
E
li
E 
ST. PAUL'S P. E. CHURCH.
Seamen's Union Bethel, Universalist and Unitarian, each one. The Province of Baltimore being at the head of the Catholic Hierachy in this country, the Primate of that
Church in America, Archbishop Bayley, with his council, resides in this City. Bishop
Whittingham, the Senior Bishop of the P. E. Diocese of Maryland, Bishop Ames of the
?
z1:
''
63', 
64        THE MONUMENTAL CITY, ITS PAST HISTORY, ETC.
M. E. Church; Bishop Weaver of the United Brethren and Bishop Wayman of the African
M. E. Church, also live in Baltimore.
Sunday is emphatically a day of rest in our City.  Under the law, business of every
description is suspended, and the citizens willingly co-operate with the authorities in the
enforcement of its provisions. A stillness unbroken, save by the tinkle of the car-bells
or the voices of the people as they move to and from the houses of worship, reigns through
the city during the morning hours, and upon pleasant afternoons the promenades and
thoroughfares are fairly alive with happy faces eager to bathe in the soft Sabbath sunlight
and breathe the invigorating air which rolls up from the Chesapeake.
A large amount of capital has been invested in the construction of Church edifices, and
many of them furnish evidences of cultivation and taste. This brings us to the consideration of another feature of our City.
The effect of its buildings upon the character of a city is not always properly appreciated. Sombreness or gaiety, lights or shadows, depend oftener than is generally supposed
upon the style of ornamentation adopted in the construction of our houses; and the tastes
and habits of a people may be sometimes accurately inferred from the style of ARCHITECTURE prevalent among them. Not many years ago the popular mind was completely fettered in this regard by arbitrary rules. The most tyrannical despot could not have more
thoroughly bound his subjects hand and foot. The severity of Grecian models or the
almost equally simple outlines of Roman architecture, formed the framework upon which
were designed all public buildings, while private dwellings, with few exceptions, were
constructed solely with a view to their inner convenience and comfort, and without a
thought to their external adornment. Wherever these heavy styles obtained exclusively,
a corresponding gravity was noticeable among the people.
The attention of Ruskin was attracted to this phase of the subject, and the efforts of that
practical but exquisite thinker, coupled with the exertions of his co-workers, have effected
a complete revolution in the science of architecture abroad, while the fresh and vigorous
impulses of Americans have done much to emancipate them from the master they learned
to serve in provincial times. The spirit which held us in Grecian and Roman bonds is
rapidly giving way before the ambitious efforts of our energetic architects, and a system
has grown up not referable to any particular style, but a combination of many which may
be described as distinctively American.
The steady and substantial development of Baltimore has been favorable to the construction of stable and handsome public edifices. While no recognized style of architecture has been rigidly enforced, the beauties and advantages of the Grecian, Roman,
Corinthian and Gothic have been adopted by our architects, and blended with more
modern ideas, varied occasionally by suggestions originating with themselves. As an
illustration of the advances since made in this direction we subjoin a cut of the old Light
Street Methodist Episcopal Church, built in 1797. The Roman outlines of its windows
scarcely relieve the primitive aspect of the building, and we turnmwith pride and somewhat of enthusiasm to the magnificent Gothic structure known as the Mount Vernon
Place M. E. Church, and completed in 1872.
But the desire for architectural adornment manifested itself at an early period in the
history of Baltimore. In 1806 the foundations of the Cathedral, the metropolitan Church
of the Catholics in this country, were laid; and in 1821 it was consecrated. In thoroughness of design and substantial workmanship it has no superior in the United States. It is
located at the corner of Cathedral and Mulberry Streets, an elevated portion of the City,
and is an unfailing source of admiration to all who visit Baltimore. It approaches nearer
the Roman style of architecture than any other, in its construction, though the architect
did not permit himself to be circumscribed by the limits of a particular school. It is
built in the form of a cross. The immense Dome suggesting grandeur, while the massive
I 
.1_
THE OLD LIGHT STREET M. E. CHURCH. 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
pillars and towering arches are indicative of a strength and durability, calculated to defy
the insidious ravages of time for many generations. The interior of the Cathedral is profusely decorated with paintings of rare merit, and its vaulted recesses by the manifold
vibrations they create, have given it a national reputation for acoustic properties.
MOUNT VERNON PLACE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.
DIXON & CARSON, ARCHITECTS, BALTIMORE.
St. Paul's Church, at the corner of Charles and Saratoga streets, a fair specimen of the
Romanesque or Lombardic, by its uniqueness of design gives variety to our  church
architecture.
66
11 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.7
In point of beauty, exquisite finish and faithful adherence to scientific principles the
First Presbyterian Church, at the corner of Madison and Park streets, stands alone. It is
built in the Pointed Gothic Style, of a very richly colored freestone from the quarries of
New Brunswick. The ornamentation though simple is highly wrought and the perfect
symmetry and grace of its numerous spires, and in fact of every portion of the edifice will
challenge comparison with any similar effort at home or abroad. The eye dwells upon
its bold but comely outlines with ever increasing delight, and the citizen evinces a legiti mate pride in a structure which is at once a triumph in architecture, and a memorial of the
taste of Baltimoreans.
Among the churches possessing claims to notice for architectural finish may be mentioned
the Independent Methodist Church at the corner of Lexington and Calhoun Streets, and
the Eutaw Place Baptist Church-both of them modified specimens of Gothic Architecture.
But the spirit of improvement in the science of architecture, has not been confined to
the embellishment of churches. Many of our public buildings give evidences of marked
progress in this respect. The City Hall, now approaching completion in the heart of the
City is a magnificent marble structure, the design of which is in accordance with the
Roman style, very materially modified by modern innovations, of which the French roof
is a prominent feature. The marble was obtained from the quarries near the City, and
dressed in the vicinity of the building by Baltimore stone cutters.  The  City Hall, when
finished, will be one of the handsomest and most imposing edifices in this country, and
will reflect credit on our City, the materials for its construction, to the minutest item,
having been obtained within the limits of the State, and the work upon it, having been
done altogether by the artisans of Baltimore.
The Baltimore City Jail, a massive granite structure, Romanesque in its outlines, combines
with usefulness and durability all the most attractive features of that impressive style of
architecture, and may be cited as a model for the erection of prison buildings, an experience
of fifteen years having demonstrated as well its security as its thorough sanitary properties.
The Masonic Temple, on Charles street, and the Young Men's Christian Association
Building, to be constructed at the corner of Charles and Saratoga streets, the one of white
marble, the other of pressed brick, with freestone dressings, are distinctive types of what
may be termed American Architecture. Their outlines are referable to no received sch6ols,
but embrace features which resemble in some respects the leading characteristics both of
Grecian and Romanesque styles, so blended with modern principles of construction and
originality of design, as to puzzle the student pertinaciously bent upon adding to his classical knowledge, but none the less interesting and attractive to the general public on that
account. The United States Custom House and Court House are both substantial buildings,
the one located for convenience at the corner of Gay and Second streets, in the business
heart of the city, and the other at the corner of Fayette and North streets, in close proximity to the offices of the members of the Bar and the State Courts of Justice.
In addition to the above there are many other public buildings of prominence, a very
large number of which are built entirely of white marble, inexhaustible supplies of this
material lying within easy access of the city and procurable at rates which make it
specially desirable for building purposes.
Any reference to the architecture of Baltimore would be incomplete, without an allusion
to the dwelling houses of her citizens. In traversing some cities, a feeling of oppressiveness steals over the traveller which he strives in vain to overcome. The streets are
methodically laid out, the houses neat, regularly built, and uniform in appearance, and
the stranger instinctively looks within himself for an explanation of his dullness. This
feeling is easily accounted for. Nature abhors equality and similitude. This very
uniformity produces a sensation of weariness. A street may be lined on either side for
miles with handsome residences, but if they are of the same size, built exactly alike, with
similar door-heads, windows, shutters, cornices, and roofs, the effect is necessarily monoto       5
67 
68       THE MONUMENTAL CITY, ITS PAST HISTORY, ETC.
nous, and when to this is added an indefinite number of streets, counterparts of the one
described above, we cease to wonder at the tiresome impression created. Baltimore is
certainly as free from this fault as any city in the United States. While the streets in
many portions of the city are lined with costly and elegant dwellings, there is generally
sufficient variety in the mode of construction, and external adornment to attract attention
and insure interest, and the numerous cottages which dot the sides of our thoroughfares
especially in the sections recently built, impart a charm to the landscape which must be
seen to be appreciated.
It is proverbially said that Republics are ungrateful, and the adage earns confirmation
from the spectacle presented to-day in the Capital of the Country. A huge mass of marble
rises out of the mud-fiats on the Potomac river. Misshapen, unfinished and gradually
settling in the ooze upon which its foundations are laid, it is rather a monument to the
bad taste of the American people, or their representatives, and the lukewarmness with
which they regard their great benefactors, than a memorial of him who was "first in
peace, first in war, and first in the hearts of his countrymen." For more than twenty
years the most strenuous efforts have been made by the patriotic people of the United
States of both sexes to complete this marble column in honor of him whom the woBeld
calls great, but the shaft has scarcely risen above the foundations.
The vividness of the contrast presented by the action of our own people fairly entitles
Baltimore to be styled "The Monumental City," a name by which she is known both at
home and abroad, and of which she is justly proud. In 1809, while the City was yet in
swaddling clothes, a number of well-known citizens were empowered by the Legislature of
Maryland to erect in Baltimore a Monument to GEORGE WAsHINGTON.  It was to have
been built upon the spot where the Battle Monument now stands, but the breaking out
of the war between this country and Great Britain soon absorbed public attention, and
the project was held in abeyance until hostilities had ceased. In the meantime the City
had been saved from destruction by the Battle of North Point, and the heroism of those
who had fallen in that memorable action was fresh in the minds of the citizens. To
honor their memories appeared as natural as commendable to Baltimoreans, and the
echoes of the guns had scarcely died away ere a petition was circulated by the Committee
of Safety soliciting subscriptions for this purpose. All classes contributed freely, and in
1815 the "Battle Monument" was reared in the centre of the space now known as Monument Square.
This necessitated a change of location for the Washington Monument, and Col. John
Eager Howard, distinguished as an officer in the Revolutionary war, and subsequently
Governor of Maryland, offered the Commissioners as much land as was needed about the
crest of the hill now known as Mount Vernon Place, but which was at that time covered
with forest trees. In those days it was customary to make use of lotteries to secure the
necessary funds for the prosecution of public enterprises, a rather questionable expedient
in the light of modern ideas of morality.  Churches and buildings for secular purposes
were alike indebted to the blind goddess. It was thus that much of the money was
raised for the completion of the Washington Monument
The corner-stone was laid with appropriate ceremonies on the 4th of July, 1815, and
the statue, representing Washington resigning his commission, was placed in position
October 19th, 1829.  The Monument is a graceful Doric column built of white marble.
The base is 50 feet square and 24 feet high, and the column is 164 feet in height. The
whole structure rises to an elevation of over 280 feet above tide-water, and from its top can
be obtained a view which for beauty, variety and extent is seldom equalled.
At the base of this memorial lies the MONUMENTAL CITY, a picture, the inequalities of
which are softened by the distance of the spectator, and whose attractive features are beautifully blended by its subtle enchantment,-to the south, the Patapsco rolls on to the 
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THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
stately Chesapeake, land-locked and obstructed by many a rudely jutting point from the
adjacent County of Anne Arundel, or the low-browed shores on the opposite side,-to the
west, the hills, gathering strength as they recede, rise one above another until a lofty spur
of the Blue Ridge marks the horizon, and its azure lines shut out the scene beyond,-to
the north and east the beautiful villas and smiling valleys of Baltimore County are seen
in numbers-the whole forming a gorgeous panorama which the visitor once contemplating will not easily forget.
WILDEY MONUMENT, BROADWAY.
Baltimore has other claims to the title mentioned above. On the 26th of April, 1865,
the Odd Fellows' Monument, an unique structure su-lmounted by a Grecian Doric column,
the whole 52 feet in height, was dedicated to Thomas Wildey, the founder of the Order of
70 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
Odd Fellows in America. The Monument is on Broadway, above Baltimore Street, and
is a very handsome ornament to the eastern section of the City.
The Wells and McComas Monument has been erected in Ashland Square to the memory
of the two young men who are popularly supposed to have slain General Ross, the
commander of the British troops in the battle of North Point, contributing thereby very
greatly to the defeat of the invaders, though neither of them lived to learn the service they
had rendered to their native City.
In America the taste for Painting and Sculpture has not proportionately developed with
her material advancement. While in the number, variety and usefulness of her discoveries and inventions, the United States has surpassed every other enlightened nation, she
has never ceased to pay tribute to Europeans in the matter of the FINE ARTS. This does
not arise so much from the want of talent among our people as from the morbid national
tendency to sacrifice the ideal to the desire of gain, and the absence of that higher class in
our midst upon whose patronage and wealth, Art has always been completely dependent.
Thus in almost every instance where native artists have attained eminence it has been
secured under the fostering influence of a more congenial clime and accompanied by the
aid and countenance of persons other than Americans.
In matters of art Baltimore has made much unostentatious progress, and to day there
are collections of pictures, growing little by little, in the possession of some of her citizens,
which promise within the near future to assume proportions of national interest. MIr.
William T. Walters is the owner of one which is conceded to be the finest in the United
States. Colonel J. Stricker Jenkins comes next, with a large and extremely valuable
collection, a majority of the pictures in which were painted upon direct commissions from
the owner and not purchased when already finished and in the market. The most distinguished names in contemporary art are to be found in it. There are several other prominent collectors, foremost among whom may be mentioned Mr. John King, Jr., Vice
President of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; Mr. George R. Vickers, a retired merchant;
MIr. Samuel S. Early, a Baltimore editor, formerly of Terra Haute, Indiana; Mr. B. F.
Newcomer, Mr. D. L. Bartlett, Dr. George Reuling, and others.
Mr. Walters' collection is a remarkable one in many respects-in the pictures that it
contains, the history of their acquisition, and the extreme beauty of the gallery, which for
graceful design, appropriateness to its purpose and costliness of material, is not anywhere
equalled in this country. It is situated in the rear of Mr. Walter's elegant city residence
on MIount Vernon Place, and the several years occupied in its construction have been
amply repaid. Nothing could be more charming than the beautiful spectacle that it
presents or the effect conveyed by the warm neutrality of its tapestry, fresco, woodwork,
and carpeting in contrast with the brilliant kaleidoscope of art treasures that hang on its
walls. Among the artists represented the following are noted at random from the different schools:  Delaroche, Meissonnier, Gerome, Frere (Edouard), Jalabert, Rousseau,
Breton, Vibert, Plassan, Calame, Corot, Willemrs, Gallait, Jaique, Zeim, Bonheur, Bida,
Hamon, Gleyre, Lasalle, Dargelas, Des Goffes, Odier, St. Jean, Tissot, Chavet, Landelle,
Breton (E.), Merle, Duverger, Prever, Hubner, Troyon, Van  Marcke, Weber, Muller
Bischoff, Leutze, Achenbach, Hiddeman, Heilbuth, Fiche], Kensett, Hart, Durand, Woodville, Stevens, Johnston, Richards, Church, Lambert, Trayer, Jacovacci, Herring, &c.'
In Colonel Jenkins' collection must be noted several remarkable pictures by such artists
as Jalabert, Jourdan, Bouguereau, Schreyer, Delort, Plassan, Brillouin, Piot, Beranger,
Castres, Caille, Escosura, Baugniet, Grandchamps, Boulanger, Bakalowicz, Arnold,
Chavet, Fichel, Castan, Toulmouche, Pecrus, Herbsthoffer, Coomas, Comte-Calix, Seignac,
Antigua, Billotte, Baron, Van Schendel, Hamon, Lemmens, Robbe, Coutourier, Frere,
Kensett, Hart, Gray, Baker, Huntingdon, Elliott, Rossiter, Benson, Gifford, Casilear,
Richards, Boughton, Lambdin, Durand, Church, &Oc. All these are of the highest order
71 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
of merit and have, many of them, a reputation that extends not only to all American art.
collectors, but also to those of European capitals.
Among native artists who, by reason of the reputation universally accorded them,
deserve special notice may be mentioned the sculptor, William H. Rinehart. Mr. Rinehart was born in Carroll County, Maryland, and began life as a stone cutter. He soon
developed an extraordinary talent for sculpture, and through the kindness of friends was
MASONIC TEMPLE.
enabled to pursue his studies in Italy, "the cradle of the Muses." His early promise has
been more than realized. He has won for himself a proud place among living sculptors,
and as has been justly said, "the State owes him much for the reflected honor of his well
earned reputation." His works are numerous and many of them adorn the dwellings and
grounds of Baltimore's wealthy citizens. Among them may be mentioned the statue of
72 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
"Olytie,"-regarded by the artist himself as his chef-d'euvre-which  was purchased
recently by our public spirited townsman, Mr. John W. McCoy, and presented by him to
the Peabody Institute, where it is placed in an elegant and appropriate setting, and by the
terms of the gift is accessible to the public, at all times, without charge; the statue of
Chief Justice Taney, lately unveiled in Annapolis, the capital of the State; the Woman of
Samaria, in possession of Mr. Wm. T. Walters; the Bronze Door to the Capitol at Washington; the Monumental Female Figure, in bronze, in Greenmount Cemetery; a beautiful
group of Sleeping Babes, in marble, in the same Cemetery; "Christ-I am the Resurrection and the Life "-with the Angel of the Resurrection, in Loudon Park Cemetery; and
a host of minor productions which display as well the fertility of his genius as his perfect
taste and marked merit.
An annual exhibition and sale of paintings in this City, begun in 1871 and continued
since that time, has brought to light a number of artists, evidencing that if Painting has
not reached its highest development, a talent for it has at least been very generally diffused
in our community. These exhibitions bear testimony both to the ability and versatility
of Baltimore artists. Among those who deserve mention for a creditable degree of talent
may be cited Mrs. S. Schwing, her "Marguerite" and "Hero and Leander" having received the commendations of the critics and press generally; A. Quartley, whose Coast
Scenes are very much admired: A. J. H. Way, a very able and painstaking painter of
Still-Life Studies; and H. Bolton Jones, some of whose Landscapes are an earnest what the
public may anticipate in the tuture.
The rare opportunities offered by the extension of the Peabody Institute and the
enlargement of its sphere of usefulness will make Baltimore, at no distant period, a very
desirable location for artists who are pursuing their studies, while the encouragement given
by one of the Clubs, the Allston, has also a most beneficial tendency.
Already the example set by Mr. McCoy has borne fruits. Mr. George S. Brown, a
prominent banker of Baltimore, presented to the Peabody recently two statues, Pocahontas
and Venus, possessing great merit, and the prospect is that before long the Institute will
be able to form an Art Gallery of no mean pretensions.
The BAR OF MARYLAND has ever been renowned for the standing and ability of its
members. When Baltimore was but an overgrown village the adjacent counties of Anne
Arundel and Harford were known all over the country through the prominence of their
lawyers-in fact, the revolutionary struggle was barely at an end when Luther Martin,
towering over his fellows by his massive intellect and legal acumen, became the leader of
his profession in the young but vigorous Republic, and maintained this proud position
against all competitors, until disease prostrated those powers which had been the admiration of the thirteen colonies. In those early days the names of Dulany, Chase and Johnson
were household words in our State. They were as noted for their sterling integrity, as for
their standing at the Bar.
William Pinkney, whom Chief Justice Marshall styled the greatest of American lawyers
was a contemporary of Luther Martin.  His great talents were publicly recognized by
his appointment as Minister to the Court of St. James, and his efforts subsequently in the
Senate of the United States made it matter of profound national regret that his taking off
in the flower of his life so abruptly terminated his services to his country.
During the professional career of Pinkney, Baltimore began to lose somewhat of its
provincial character, and with its growth came gradually the concentration in our city of
the legal talent of the State. William Wirt, a native of Maryland, but by adoption a
Virginian, sought here a wider field for the display of his wonderful genius as did also
Robert Goodloe Harper, and the encounters between these intellectual athletes have furnished rich material for the essayists and biographers of the present day.
73 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
But the line of distinguished lawyers did not stop with Pinkney and his contemporaries.
Their mantle fell upon the shoulders of such men as Chief Justice Taney, the great Christian jurist, and John Nelson, the fiery Templar of modern jurisprudence; the one a
beautiful exemplar of that justice which the storms of passion, prejudice and unreasoning
malice were powerless to change, the other the advocate, whose eloquence like a torrent,
swept everything before it, and whose versatility of genius made him equally at home in
the Cabinet of the Nation or the Courts of Princes. Nor must the name of John V. L.
McMahon be omitted. His herculean efforts in behalf of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
have forever linked his name with that corporation, while many of the gems which
adorned his popular speeches are unwittingly used at the present day to round a period or
give force to an otherwise pointless speech.
RF,VERDY JOHNSON, a native of the City of Annapolis, is to-day confessedly the leader
of the Baltimore Bar, and without a peer in the United States. His knowledge is profound,
his reason singularly analytic and his conclusions marked by a clearness and accuracy
which give to them the force of judicial decisions. The reputation of Mr. Johnson is not
circumscribed by national boundaries.  He is well and favorably known in Europe as in
America. He has held in turn the offices of Cabinet Minister, United States Senator and
Minister Plenipotentiary and Envoy Extraordinary to Great Britain, and in each of these
capacities has demonstrated his right to the proud eminence he has attained as the great
expounder of constitutional law. Mr. Johnson to-day, at an advanced age, is as vigorous
in mind and body as when in the prime of life, and is justly revered by his fellow-citizens,
who feel themselves to a certain extent sharers in the honor he has reflected upon his
native State and the City of Baltimore.
We have simply spoken of those members of the Bar whom the world has known, and
each one of whom was princeps inter pares in his day and generation. There were many
others who added lustre to the galaxy named above, and who aided materially in building
up the reputation of the Baltimore Bar and giving to it that high tone which is at this
present writing its most cherished feature. That there is no likelihood of degeneration in the
future, might be shown by the number of gentlemen whose names are already well known
to the country. The Library of the Baltimore Bar is one of the largest and most carefully
selected in America, containing in addition to the reports from the different States in the
Union, reports of all the leading cases adjudicated in Great Britain and on the continent
of Europe.
The Law Department of the University of Maryland is furnished with an excellent
corps of Professors and its influence and efficiency are becoming more apparent every
year.
The Science of MEDICINE has made decided advances in the last half century.  A corps
of tireless workers have watched, noted and compared results in the squalid huts of
poverty and amid the poisoned air of the pest-house. With dauntless courage they have
stood between the pestilence and humanity and though not always victorious they have
faithfully used all the weapons which scientific research could furnish, and if nothing
more, like true sentinels have fallen in their armor and at their posts. Statistics have been
compiled from which reliable inferences can be drawn, and a hospital system perfected
that has gone far to alleviate the sufferings of the sick and has saved many lives which
would have been sacrificed heretofore by neglect or inexperience.
The Medical men of this State have not been behind their brethren elsewhere in their
contributions to the common cause. The names of Littlejohn, Brown, Mackenzie,
Donaldson and Buckler, are household words and their memories are revered by the
descendants of those whom they so well and truly served.
Appreciating the importance of united effort for the public good, as early as 1799, they
organized the " Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland," and by an act of incorporation were made examiners of all who desired to practice the healing art, thus showing
74 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
their recognition of the need of the highest intelligence and most careful preparation as
prerequisites for the successful physician. This Society is still in existence, and the suggestions thrown out at its semi-annual meetings through the medium of scientific discussions and essays are of value to the profession.
The University of Maryland was incorporated in 1812. A handsome building was
erected and a full corps of Professors secured. Like similar institutions in this country, it
had its early struggles, and not until 1827 were its advantages generally recognized by the
public. Among many eminent men who have taught within its walls some have acquired
a world-wide reputation, as for instance Granville Sharpe Pattison and Robley Dunglison,
but to no one is the school more indebted for its standing than to NATHIAN RYNO SMITH.
Professor Smith, son of the celebrated surgeon of that name at Yale College, was elected
to the Chair of Surgery in the Maryland University in 1827. Possessed of abilities which
FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH.
would have distinguished him in any path of life, it may be regarded as fortunate for the
world that he selected medicine as his profession. His acceptance of a chair in the
University infused new energy into the institution and the reputation which he soon
earned as one of the most daring and skillful Surgeons in the country, attracted students
from all parts of the South and West, and frequently from States lying North of Maryland.
Dr. Smith, combined with wonderful energy and great experience, unusual originality and
the world is indebted to him for the invention of instruments for lithotomy and fracture
by means of which much suffering has been prevented and many lives saved. For more
than forty years he has pursued his professional career with unwearied steps and constantly
increasing usefulness. In 1867 he visited Europe and was the recipient of the most
flattering attentions from Physicians and Scientists of distinction. It rarely happens to
the lot of professional men to receive such honors while yet alive, but Dr. Smith, at a ripe
75 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
old age, has universally Accorded to him the proud title, the Chief of American Surgeons.*
Although he has retired from the University his example and influence still stimulate his
younger brethren who are so successfully sustaining the reputation of the School.
The success of the Maryland University encouraged our enterprising physicians to
undertake an institution of similar character. In 1867, a favorable moment for the establishment of a second Medical College, the Medical Department of Washington University
was reorganized in this city. The zeal and ability displayed by the Faculty in the inculcation of "the mysteries of the healing art" have been rewarded with unusual success.
The reputation of the Institution has kept pace with their efforts, and is now national.  The
course of instruction is thorough and comprehensive, embracing all the branches cornmmonly taught in such Colleges. Adjoining the School is a large Hospital, under the
exclusive control of the Faculty, where students may witness at the bed-side the practical
illustration of what is theoretically taught in the lecture-room.
Within a recent period another competitor in the race for professional honors has been
added to the list-the College of Physicians and Surgeons. Its Professors are young men
of high culture, who are determined by earnest work to make up for any advantage that
age may have given its rivals. Latterly, a number of diseases particularly belonging to
the domain of Surgery have been so developed by the discoveries of the Microscope,
Opthalmoscope, &c., that specialists have devoted themselves exclusively to their study
and treatment. In addition to the medical schools proper, these correlative institutions
have been established in our City, and are presided over by as distinguished and capable
Occulists and Aurists as can be found elsewhere.
Chemistry and Pharmacy are so nearly allied to Medicine that wherever the one
Department is found in healthy growth the advance of the other may be safely predictede
The Maryland College of Pharmacy was established in 1841, under the presidency of the
veteran pharmaceutist, George W. Andrews.  This institution has an excellent reputation
Its diplomas are as valuable as those granted by any similar institution in the country.
It will thus be seen that in all that enters into the practical value, scientific resources
and efficient teaching of Medicine  and its sister sciences, Baltimore offers superior
advantages.
In one sense DENTISTRY is a modern science. That it was known and practiced in
ancient Egypt, is evident from the discoveries in the Pyramids; and that a measure of
skill was attained, is apparent from the remnants of workmanship still preserved, but its
disappearance was as complete as the passing away of the Lost Arts, and in the eighteenth
century practical Dentistry had no existence. During that period public attention was
attracted to the subject, and a number of theoretical treatises were written by enthusiastic
physicians. It was not however until the early part of the present century, that the views
of its votaries assumed a practical direction sufficient to elevate it into a distinct science.
America had the honor of nursing it through its infant struggles, and Baltimore may with
propriety be called the birthplace of modern Dentistry.
In 1826, the "Principles of Dental Surgery" appeared in London, a work written by
Leonard Koecker, a Baltimore physician. This was followed, in 1839, by the establishment in Baltimore of the "American Journal and Library of Dental Science," and in 1840
the "Baltimore College of Dental Surgery" was organized under a charter granted by the
Legislature of Maryland. Shortly afterwards the great standard work of Dr. Chapin A.
Harris, the "Principles and Practice of Dental Surgery," made its appearance. The
Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, in which Dr. Harris was for a number of years'a
leading Professor, is not only the oldest, but if we may judge by results, one of the best in
the world. Seven hundred and nine students have been graduated by this institution
since its foundation.  They are distributed pretty generally through  the civilized por * Since writing the above, Professor N. R. Smith has been called to the Presidency of the Medical Faculty
of the Maryland Utniversity, with the title of "Emeritus Professor of Surgery."
76 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
tions of the globe, and wherever they have located the fame of their Alma Mater has
accompanied them. Every Dental College in this country contains in its faculty some
graduate of this institution, and a large majority of the Court Dentists of Europe acknowledge their obligations to the same source. The Museum of the College is, without doubt,
among the most complete in the United States, possessing a large and rare collection of
pathological specimens, while the course marked out for the students is very comprehen
li
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SHARP ST. M. E. CHURCH, (COLORED,) BETWEEN LOMBARD AND PRATT STREETS.
sive, embracing anatomy, physiology and chemistry, the lectures upon these subjects being
very full and minute.
Baltimore took the lead in this department of science from the first, and has steadily
maintained her position. The students matriculating in this city, are not confined to the
United States, but many come from the enlightened centres of Europe to avail themselves
of the advantages which Baltimore extends to those desirous of acquiring a knowledge of
77 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
Dentistry. The great advances made latterly in this science would seem to suggest the
propriety of pursuing a similar course with reference to other parts of the human body.
By separating the science of Medicine into distinct branches perhaps the same beneficial
results might ensue.
There is a Dental College organized here, (to be opened in the fall,) the faculty of which
embraces some of the most prominent and distinguished Practitioners of Dentistry in the
city.
Club-life, an almost universal feature of London society, and extensively imitated in
some American cities, has received but little encouragement in Baltimore. This is due
possibly to the superior attractiveness of domestic life in our City. There is small need
for Clubs where cultivated and refined society, divested of artificiality, offers such tempting
inducements. Clubs have been organized here, however, and they will compare very
favorably with those in other places.
The Maryland Club, the oldest in the City, was founded by a number of the most cultivated gentlemen in the State for the purpose of keeping alive a civilization in some
respects peculiar, and which was endangered by the rude but vigorous strides of Young
America. It at present numbers among its members gentlemen from all portions of
Maryland, and the close communion thus established has resulted in the perpetuation of
that traditional hospitality of which every true Marylander is proud. Gentlemen from all
parts of the United States and from the centres of civilization in Europe have referred with
pleasure and somewhat of enthusiasm to the courtesies received from its members.The Allston Association is more ambitious. In addition to the amenities of social life it
designs to inspire a taste for the beautiful, and with this end in view a series of entertainments are given annually which combine the esthetic with pleasurable features. It
differs from "The Maryland" also in the fact that ladies may become honorary members
of the Association, and a number of the most gifted in Baltimore have availed themselves
of this privilege.
The Baltimore Club, recently organized, is a worthy competitor of the above, and
already embraces within its membership many of the leading gentlemen in the City
Our citizens of foreign birth or ancestry, the Germans, Irish, Scotch and English have
organized Clubs which, aside from their social characteristics, have been the means of
relieving much suffering and materially benefiting their brethren newly arrived upon our
shores.
Baltimore has always been more remarkable for the social qualities of its people than
for any decided penchkcnt on their part for public amusements.   In the past, the full
development of the one has measurably done away with the necessity for the other. But
with the enlargement of trade and commerce and the consequent addition to the transient
population of the City the taste for popular entertainments has greatly increased. Ford's
Grand Opera House, at the corner of Fayette and Eutaw Streets, will compare favorably
with any similar place of amusement in the country. Its external finish is tasteful, while
the appointments of the interior are luxurious and elegant. The drawing-room or parlor
on the second floor is decorated by the genius of the best portrait and landscape painters in
Baltimore. The advantages of the auditorium are ample room, great height of ceiling,
and perfect optical and acoustic properties. The roomy stage, numerous modes of exit,
and massive strength of the entire building, make it one of the pleasantest and safest
theatres to visit in the United States.
AIr. JOHxN T. FORD, to whose enterprise our City is indebted for this creditable Temple
of the Muses, has further exerted himself to offer to the public, entertainments, both
operatic and dramatic, the best to be had. Holliday Street Theatre, the Old Drury of
-78 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
Baltimore, under the management of the same gentleman, is a cosy and pleasant retreat
where the citizen or the stranger within our gates, may be entertained for an evening by
the latest novelty in the dramatic line. Mr. Ford has shown himself to be a publicspirited citizen, by the decided and progressive views he has entertained and oftentimes
enforced with reference to the government of the City, and by his bountiful charities
during periods of great public distress. His Theatres have been surrendered repeatedly to
the little ones in our midst, and the wonders of the Arabian Nights revealed to their
astonished and delighted gaze, thereby setting an example which has been followed
in some of the cities along the Atlantic seaboard with great benefit to the needy innocents.
Front Street Theatre, under the management of its present proprietor, has catered with
commendable success to the public taste, offering what is known in dramatic parlance as
a variety entertainment, which justifies the name, and the ever-recurring novelties of
which, have won for Colonel Sinn no small reputation as a theatrical manager.
The above are the most prominent places of entertainment in our City. An Academy
of MIusic is now being erected on Howard Street, under thile auspices of a stock company,
composed of our most eminent and influential citizens.  The location is central and
admirably suited for the enterprise.  It will be built under the direction of a committee
selected because of their peculiar fitness, and will doubtless prove a powerful auxiliary in
the future progress of Baltimore.
The MIARYLAND STATE AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL ASSOCIATION was incorporated in 187I.  It was simply the revival of a Society which had existed for many years
prior to the civil war and which numbered among its members many of the first men in
Maryland. Appropriations were made both by the State and City, and the grounds at
Pimlico on the outskirts of the City were purchased for the use of the Association. Situated in the heart of a beautiful country and accessible to the public through the railways
and delightful county roads, perhaps a better location could not have been selected in the
vicinity of Baltimore. The grounds were carefully laid out and proper buildings erected
for the convenience of exhibitors and the purposes of the Society. The Annual Exhibitions which take place usually in October, have steadily increased in popularity and
excellence, and have begotten a very decided improvement in husbandry throughout the
State The leading farmers, and merchants, are thus brought together and the community
of intercourse established, produces a reciprocity of sentiment which cannot fail to be
advantageous to both classes of our citizens.
Marylanders from a very early date have evidenced a decided taste for out-of-doors
sports. The State was among the first to import the race horse from England, and foxhunting, racing and field sports generally, were almost as familiar to those who became
distinguished in olden times as were the means whereby they raised themselves to eminence.  For many years Maryland horses bore off their full share of honors from the
numerous contests which took place in different parts of the country and care was exercised
bv the farmers and planters in rearing the best specimens of this noble animal.
For some unexplained reason, racing fell into disrepute, and at the close of the war no
organized Jockey Club existed in the State. Mr. Sanford, the winner of the Saratoga Cup
at the Saratoga race meeting in 1868, gave a dinner immediately thereafter to eight persons.
Among the invited guests was GOVERNOR ODEN BOWIE, of Maryland. The conversation
at table drifted to the establishment of races on a firm and reputable basis, to be presided
over by gentlemen and from which, fraud and rascality, so often in the past unpleasant
concomitants of the course, should be banished. It was proposed during the dinner that
each of those present should subscribe $1,000 to make up a stake for the Fall of 1870. The
79, 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
proposition was enthusiastically adopted and the subscriptions closed. In a subsequent
conversation as to where the race should take place, Governor Bowie assured the gentlemen
that if it was run at Baltimore he would pledge a club and a course. This was the origin
of the celebrated "Dinner Stakes" of 1870, and also of the Maryland Jockey Club which
already numbers among its members many of the most influential and distinguished gentlemen in the State, and which, though as yet in its infancy is favorably known through
the country.
An arrangement was effected with the Agricultural Society by which Pimlico was
secured and a charter was obtained from the Legislature for the organization. Stables
were built upon the grounds, the track, a mile in length, put in perfect order and a Grand
Stand constructed which for strength, amplitude and the expansiveness of view it affords,
is probably superior to any in the United States.  The meetings of the Maryland  Jockey
Club which have taken place annually since 1870, in the autumn, have been eminently
successful. The Course over which the races are run has steadily improved until at
present it will compare favorably with any race-track in the country, and the great influx
of strangers drawn hither during the annual meetings, tempted by the reputation of our
citizens for hospitality and the aesthetic features for which our city is remarkable, together
with the patronage extended by all classes of our own people have encouraged the Club
to greater exertions, and hereafter two race-meetings, in the spring and fall respectively,
will be held at Pimlico. The object contemplated in the organization of the Club, the
purification of the Turf and its freedom from debasing influences has been kept steadily in
view and the meetings are marked by the presence of the beauty, wealth and fashion of
Baltimore.
If the history of each large city was traced it would be found that its progress had been
marked by the springing up of towns and villages within reach of its influence. That
these towns as soon as they had attained a sufficient degree of importance had been
absorbed by the parent city and the intermediate space filled up with a hardy and industrious population-that perhaps to these offshoots is due in great measure the health of
some cities and to their paucity the unwholesome atmosphere of others.
Villages or towns built at a distance are laid out with a latitude of which the costly
ground in cities proper will not admit. The land lying between the villages and cities is
comparatively speaking cheap, and persons are somewhat more careful of the esthetic
features when laying it off into towns and townships, just as the farmer with time and
space will have an eye to the beautiful and picturesque, while his poorer neighbor is compelled to make every foot of ground minister to the wants of himself and family.
Some of the largest cities in America owe their present importance and much of their
beauty and healthfulness to these accessories. Boston, with its dozen satellites is a city of
much grander proportions than the simple town embraced within the corporate limits.
Philadelphia, with Germantown, Kensington, the Northern Liberties and Philadelphia
County, presents a more imposing array of inhabitants than would that same city divested
of these important adjuncts. Baltimore is encompassed by a number of these surburban
towns and villages which add greatly to the attractiveness and prosperity of the city.
Waverley, formerly known as Huntingdon, lies immediately outside of the city limits
to the north of Baltimore. It contains a population of about 5,000 inhabitants and is well
supplied with churches, public buildings and school houses. It is interesting as embracing
the former seats of some of our older families, together with "Friendship" originally
owned by the Quakers, "The Homestead" and Peabody Heights.  The inhabitants are
largely operatives, but many engaged in business in the City, have established their homes
and have erected handsome dwellings within its limits. Two lines of horse-cars afford
easy and constant communication with the City, its incorporation with Baltimore is a
matter that cannot be much longer delayed.
so 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
In these latter days when fact has usurped the place of fancy and nothing which does not
minister to the material advan cement of the community can secure a lodgment within its
limits, Mr. Horatio N. Gambrill, a gentleman of unsurpassed business capacity and
energy deserves at least a passing notice.
A more perfect representative of the practical side of the American character could
scarcely be instanced, and the town of Woodberry, on the very verge of our City, is likely
to prove an enduring monument to his sagacity and enterprise. In 1839, Mr. Gambrill
leased the property then known as the Old Whitehall Flouring Mill, and in company with
others, commenced the manufacture of Cotton Duck on a very limited scale. Trained from
early youth in a cotton factory, he brought to the undertaking a thorough knowledge of
his business, and his adventurous spirit cared little for the overgrown monopoly which had
its seat in Patterson, New Jersey. The enterprise prospered-the original factory was
enlarged and others erected until a thriving and beautiful town sprang into existence.
Woodberry has at present a population of from 5,000 to 6,000 inhabitants. Situated under
the shadow of Baltimore's handsomest ornament, Druid Hill Park, not the least attractive
portion of which, "Tempest Hill," was contributed by the town itself, Woodberry is one
of the most promising villages around the City of Baltimore. In addition to the cotton
duck factories, Pool & Hunt's mammoth machine shops are located here. The inhabitants
are mostly operatives and their families.
The town is noted for its high moral tone which has been fostered and encouraged by
those who have thus far controlled its destinies. No intoxicating drinks are allowed to be
sold within its precints, and it is abundantly supplied with churches and school houses.
Mount Washington is perhaps the most picturesque of the small towns which encompass Baltimore. It is located upon lofty hills about five miles from the City. Elevated
and healthy, with pure water and cultivated society, the village has of late years grown
very rapidly and its eminences are now studded with the residences of merchants and
business men from Baltimore. Both Woodberry and Mount Washington are situated on
the Northern Central Railroad, within a few minutes ride of the city, and the trains of
that railway and the Western Maryland are constantly passing backwards and forwards.
Brooklyn, southeast of Baltimore, and connected by a commodious bridge over the
middle branch of the Patapsco, was settled by the Patapsco Company in 1857. It is a
flourishing village, regularly laid out, healthily located, and increasing rapidly in population and importance. Brooklyn has been selected as the terminus of the Baltimore and
Drum Point Railroad, a work designed to penetrate the lower counties of the Western
Shore of the State. It has a land-locked harbor and a water front of one and a half miles
with a depth of water greater than can be found elsewhere in the vicinity of the City, and
as the trade and commerce of Baltimore expand, doubtless the development of Brooklyn
will be proportionate.
Towsontown, the county seat of Baltimore County, is situated on the York road, about
seven miles from the City. It is delightfully located near the most elevated point on the
road between Baltimore and York, and is being rapidly improved. It connects with our
City by means of a horse railway, and the completion of a steam railroad now in process
of construction will bring the town within a few minutes ride of Baltimore.
Govanstown, located on the same road, about midway between Baltimore and Towsontown, is a flourishing village, and has of late increased longitudinally to such an extent as
to render it difficult to fix accurately its boundaries, in fact, the York road from Baltimore
to within a short distance of Towsontown is a continuous street, lined on either side with
houses. The adjacent lands are in many instances laid off in town lots, with broad
avenues and thoroughfares, awaiting only the touch of capital to turn them into thriving
towns and cities.
Pikesville, about seven miles from the City, on the Reisterstown road, is a beautiful
village, and notable as the location of the United States Arsenal, established prior to the
81
I 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
war of 1812. There are many other towns and villages in the immediate vicinity of Baltimore in addition to those mentioned above, which are destined to great development in
the near future, and which will add vastly to the importance of the City.
The growing tendency on the part of merchants and business men to reside in the
country during the summer months, or to make their homes permanently in those towns
within easy communication of the City, has assisted wonderfully in the development of
the district contiguous to Baltimore, and it is estimated that the population of these towns
will aggregate at least fifty thousand at the present moment, with a ratio of increase
which leaves it matter of easy conjecture what the number of inhabitants will be in a
few years.
When the early settlers of Maryland founded the town of Baltimore they little supposed
it was destined to become one of the leading ports of entry on the Atlantic coast. Its
inland position, almost at the head of navigation, seemed to be an effectual barrier against
foreign commerce, which it was thought would seek those cities lying more immediately
along the Atlantic. The location of Baltimore however conduced more perhaps than any
other cause to her advancement in this regard. In addition to the safe and commodious
harbor furnished to shipping, freight was brought that much nearer to the interior by water,
the cheapest mode of conveyance.
The introduction of steam as a motive power on water led to the construction of vessels
of much heavier draught than were used in the old merchant service, and our shippers
had to contend against a real bugbear in the shape of a defective channel. The channel
of the Patapsco was neither deep enough nor sufficiently wide for the safe passage of firstclass steamers when heavily laden. Fifteen years ago the attention both of our own
citizens and the national authorities was attracted to this difficulty and lukewarm and
desultory measures undertaken for its removal. From time to time small sums were
appropriated by Congress and the city, and an officer of engineers in the United States
Army was assigned to this post, for the purpose of deepening the channel.   But little progress was made in the work until 1871, when the advent of several lines of foreign steamers
82 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
awakened both the community and the general Government to the paramount importance of securing to the rapidly increasing foreign trade of the city easy access.
The City appropriated $200,000 for the improvement of the harbor and the national
legislature $40,000 additional. Congress, in 1872, supplemented its appropriation with
another of $100,000, and at the session of 1873 voted an additional $200,000, which the
municipal authorities of Baltimore gracefully acknowledged by voting a similar amount
for the same purpose. Since 1871 the work upon the channel has progressed rapidly
under the direction of Colonel Craighill, of the United States Army. The money in hand
at present amounts to $450,000, a sum amply sufficient for the completion of the improvement. It is proposed to clear the channel to a depth of 244 feet at low tide, and to give it
an uniform width of 300 feet. It will be finished in 1874, and the harbor of Baltimore
will possess a channel equal in all respects to the best approaches to ports of entry in this
country, and will be accessible for the largest vessels employed in the merchant marine of
any nation on the globe.
Baltimore, like other cities, has had its periods of misrule, when anarchy usurped the
place of order, and the lowest, most disreputable elements of the community rose to the
surface, and for a time defied the honest efforts of law-abiding citizens. Such a state of
affairs undoubtedly existed during the years 1858, 1859 and 1860. The Roughs obtained
control of the City and inaugurated a reign of terror similar to that which at present
disgraces one of the largest cities in the country. This saturnalia of rowdyism was shortlived. Good citizens, irrespective of party, combined for the protection of society, and
during the winter of 1860 the State Legislature enacted the famous "Metropolitan Police
Bill." TEE POLICE FORCE was organized in accordance with its provisions on the 7th of
May of the same year. The features of the bill were simple. Its main characteristic was
the separation of the local government and that organization which must be manipulated
with impartiality to make it honest and efficient. Its workings were magical.
The transition from a state of rowdyism to perfect order was instantaneous. The Bowieknife and the Bludgeon were laid aside, and the law suffered to interpose its protecting
arms for the good of the community. The Roughs either abandoned their infamous mode
of living, or betook themselves to other cities.
From this period onward, with a brief interruption during the continuance of the civil
war, Baltimore has been emphatically an order loving city. With little modification, and
that of a serviceable nature, the Police System of 1860 is at present in operation, and our
City can challenge comparison with any other in the country for the security of the lives,
liberties and property of her citizens.
The perfect order preserved in every portion of this great metropolis is really a subject
for admiration, when taken in connection with the numerical force by which it is accomplished. As at present constituted, the organization consists of three Commissioners, styled
the Board of Police, a Marshal, Deputy Marshal, 4 Captains, 8 Lieutenants, 43 Sergeants
and 489 men. The officers are appointed by the Commissioners, and are usually selected
from among the men for meritorious conduct. No man is placed upon the Force because
of his political opinions, or for any other reason than general efficiency; nor are any dismissed therefrom, save for misconduct, demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Board.
While the duties of the police of Baltimore are more numerous and onerous than those of
the same class in other cities, their numerical strength is much smaller than that of similar
organizations in any of the cities of America of approximate size or importance. We
have dwelt at some length upon the merits of our Police System, because they have been
freely recognized by all classes in the community regardless of political affiliation.
Baltimore was among the first cities in America to avail herself of the great improvements in the apparatus for subduing fires. In 1858, the old volunteer FIRE DEPARTMENT,
6
83 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
with its hand engines and internal dissensions, was abolished and an organization formed
under the pay and control of the City. The new Department was furnished with
improved Steam Fire Engines, and it very soon demonstrated both the superiority of the
system and the utility of steam as a means of overcoming conflagrations Since that time
the Department has been strengthened and enlarged. Under the management of a Board
of Commissioners, selected from our most estimable citizens, and whose services are given
to the city gratuitously, it has become the most perfect organization in the country, a
subject of pride to Baltimoreans and of admiration to visitors from other cities.
The apparatus of the Department consists at this time of ten engines in service, and two
reserve engines, with the necessary hose-carriages, and three hook and ladder trucks. The
entire force numbers one hundred and sixty men. Since the institution of the Steam Fire
Department there have been but few fires of magnitude in our City. Indeed, Baltimore
has enjoyed an exemption from the ravages of this terrible scourge that cannot be altogether attributed to the efficiency of the Fire Department, ably managed as it undoubtedly
is, and a further reason for which may be found in the construction of the city, the broad
streets and well-built houses.
As an exhibit both of the usefulness of the Department and the marked immunity of the
City from fires, we append the following table, giving the number of fires, losses, number
of Companies, and expenses of Departments in seven of the leading cities of the United
States, from November 1st, 1871, to October 31st, 1872:
EXPENSE OF
DEPARTMENT.
New York.....................
Philadelphia..................
Chicago........................
Boston..........................
Cincinnati.....................
San Francisco...............
Baltimore......................
Of course the losses by the great fire in Boston have been omitted in the above estimate.
It will be seen from this table that Baltimore, with a Department scarcely half the size of
the smallest of these cities, has suffered a loss by fire of $300,000, a sum less by $153,000
than that acknowledged by the most fortunate of those enumerated.
The WAVATER-SUPPLY has already become a question of paramount importance in large
cities. Those along the Atlantic coast are prone to pride themselves upon the efforts they
have made in this regard, and not without reason, though it may be doubted whether any
of the works established in modern times would compare in magnitude and completeness
with some of the magnificent structures of the ancients, the remains of which are still in
existence. The Croton Aqueduct in New York and the Fairmount Water-works in Philadelphia, are monuments of modern engineering skill, and constitute exceedingly attractive features of the cities to which they respectively belong.
The attention of our citizens was directed many years ago to the necessity of securing
an abundant supply of Water, and in 1804 the old Water Company was established. This
corporation served its purpose for a number of years, but in 1854, the rapid development
of Baltimore made it evident that this source of supply could not much longer be relied
upon, accordingly the City bought out the Company, and in 1858 commenced the construction of the works which now supply the inhabitants.  An exquisitely beautiful artificial
lake, with a capacity of 500,000,000 gallons, known as Lake Roland, was formed at the
Relay House, the intersection of the Western Maryland and Northern Central Railroads,
I
I
84
No.
COMPANIES.
No.
FIRES
CITY.
Loss.
$1,000,000
250,000
328,000
331,000
281,000
180,000
145,672
1,647
523
489
549
213
300
172
$2,725,000
1,275,000
973,000
704,000
453,000
1,411,000
300,000
52
27
26
38
23
25
13 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
about eight miles from Baltimore. Hampden Resorvoir, a smaller basin constructed near
the village of Hampden, with a capacity of 50,000,000 gallons, and Mount Royal Reservoir,
on North Avenue, with a capacity of 30,000,000 gallons, both of the latter supplied by
means of an aqueduct from Lake Roland, were considered amply sufficient for the
requirements of the City for years to come. Subsequently Druid Lake, with a capacity
of 493,000,000 gallons was formed in Druid Hill Park, more with a view to ornamentation
and as a storage reservoir, than with any actual expectation that the increasing needs of the
City would require its services during the lives of its projectors.
Twenty years had scarcely elapsed after the commencement of these works ere the City
Fathers were admonished, by the rapid increase in population and the equally speedy
multiplication of industries requiring the free use of water, that the demand would soon
exceed the supply, and a plan is now matured by which an unlimited quantity of this
indispensable element will be brought into the City from the Gunpowder River, a stream
of fresh and pure water, which passes through the centre of Baltimore County, and
empties into the Chesapeake Bay. This great undertaking cannot be completed for at least
three years, and in the meantime a temporary method has been devised by which the
immediate wants of the City will be abundantly supplied. When finished, the Gunpowder Water-works will exceed any similar enterprize in this country, and perhaps in
Europe. A conduit through which may be passed 170,000,000 gallons of water daily,
will convey the supply from the Gunpowder to the City, a distance of about eight miles.
The elevation of the water above tide will be 163 feet, sufficient for present necessities or
for any likely to occur in the future of our City
It has been said with truth that its PARKS and SQUARES are the lungs of a city.  Baltimore is bountifully provided with these adjuncts to healthfulness. Druid Hill Park, in
the northwestern portion of the City, contains seven hundred acres of land, and for varied
natural scenery is perhaps unequalled in this country.
For more than a century and a half prior to its purchase by the city, the Park was the
homestead of a Maryland family. Some older member of the house had displayed exquisite taste in the preparation of the grounds, and succeeding generations had the good sense
to perpetuate his ideas with simply a touch here and there to heal the blows of time and
preserve the design in its original purity.
During the year 1860 the City obtained possession of Druid Hill, at a cost of $500,000,
and since then it has been enlarged by purchases of contiguous tracts of land. Its management as a Park has been characterized by wisdom and enlightened policy. Immediately after its acquisition by the City it was placed under the government of a Commission
consisting of a number of gentlemen of intelligence and high standing in the community,
selected because of their peculiar fitness for the undertakiug. This Commission, with
enlarged powers, has been continued to the present time. The main effort appears to
have been to preserve, as far as possible, the natural beauties of Druid Hill, and only to
interpose art when needed by the poverty of the landscape or the wants of the City. In
this the Commission has been eminently successful.
A broad expanse of land is spread out before the spectator, rolling in great waves of
verdure, forming at some points gentle undulations intertwined with pretty little glens,
and at others rising in terraces, one above another, until lofty hills disclose the City, the
river, the bay, and the territory of Maryland as far as the eye can reach. Majestic
primeval forest trees, hickory, oak, chesnut, and walnut, of immense size, are succeeded by
impenetrable thickets where the greenbrier and the laurel strive for the mastery. Spreading groves invite the citizen, weary and worn with the turmoil of busy life, and joyous
fountains gush forth at his feet to moisten the parched lips or cool the heated brow.
Pleasure boats play over the silverybosom of the lake, and swan move gracefully through
the waters of the numerous natural basins which intersperse the grounds, while fallow
deer in groups roam through the woods and groves. Beautiful drives traverse the Park
85 
JI
________~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I         
~~ffiffi~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ l
_   ~ ~~
ENTRANCE TO DRUID HILL PARK. 
THE MIONUMIENTAL CITY, ITS PAST HISTORY, ETC.
in every direction, many of them adorned with antique vases filled with flowers and
covered with creeping vines, and rustic retreats are so judiciously distributed as often to
beguile the visitor with their perfect semblance to nature.
Nor has the Commission been unmindful of the convenience of those whose modest
means forbid the use of showy equipages.   Walks, with the truest regard to taste,
have been arranged through the grounds, and the valetudinarian, when once the Park is
reached, may fairly revel in the ever changing pictures and invigorating atmosphere he is
permitted to enjoy through the foresight of the City's former guardians.
Druid Hill is at present the most beautiful Park in America, and with the ample revenue
derived from the tax on City Passenger Railways, it is impossible to fix any limit to its
improvement in the future. The influence of the Park upon adjacent property has been
wonderful. Its value has been greatly enhanced, streets have been opened, avenues created,
long lines of elegant and costly residences have been built, and the time is probably not
EDMOND'S WELL-DRUID HILL PARK.
remote, when the Park will form a centre around which will cluster the fashion and
wealth of the City of Baltimore.
Seventeen acres have been set apart within the enclosure for the erection of a Botanical
Garden. A Conservatory 300 feet long and 30 feet high is about to be erected, and a Nursery
established for the purpose of supplying the other Parks and Public Squares with trees.
The Botanical Gardens will be enlarged to forty acres as soon as circumstances will permit,
and a Zoological Department added, which will contribute much to the attractiveness of
this truly beautiful spot. The project was originated by the Maryland Academy of
Sciences, but will be under the supervision and control of the Park Commission.
Patterson Park, in the eastern section of the City, contains 76 acres of land.  Already
it has been handsomely adorned, and the contemplated improvements will make it a
delightful place of resort for the citizens of this portion of our City. From any part of
the grounds a magnificent view can be obtained of the harbor and Chesapeake Bay, and
the neighboring counties of Baltimore and Anne Arundel.
$7 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
In addition to the Parks, Baltimore has a number of Public Squares judiciously
distributed in different portions of the City. In the western section are Union Square,
Franklin Square and Harlem Square; in the north-west, La Fayette Square; in the centre, Monument Square and the City Spring; in the north-east, Madison Square; in the
east, Jackson Square, and the eastern City Spring, and in the south, Battery Square. With
the exception of Monument Square, they are all sodded down with turf and beautifully
decorated with shade trees, forming reservoirs of health for the citizens enervated by the
fierce heat of summer and unable to betake themselves to the fashionable places of resort.
It is proposed to establish another Park in the southern section of the City, with Battery
Square as a nucleus. This Square is located in the immediate vicinity of the middle
branch of the Patapsco, and when its limits are extended so as to embrace the intervening
property, it will become, because of its water view, one of the most attractive spots in the
City.
From the Parks of Baltimore to her CEMETERIES is a natural transition.  Tender love
for the memory of tile dead is a distinctive feature of some nationalities.  With the French
it is a passion. Poets, Warriors, Statesmen and Philosophers, severed in life, are all brought
together within the narrow confines of PERE LA CHArSE. The tomb of Abelard and
Eloise blooms perennially with fresh flowers, while the immortelles never die on the graves
of such men as Ney, Moliere, and a host of others.
Though Americans do not exhibit the intense pathos displayed by the French, Mount
Auburn, Greenwood, Laurel Hill, Greenmount and Bona Ventura, all Cemeteries on the
Atlantic coast bear ample testimony to the care displayed by the American people for the
repose of their dead. Greenmount Cemetery, formerly the country seat of a citizen, is
situated on the York road, just within the City limits. It contains about sixty acres of
88
FOREST TREES-DRUID HILL PARK. 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
land, handsomely embellished. Its natural beauty is very great. The land is rolling in
character and very thickly studded with shade trees and evergreens. The hand of the
landscape gardener has added much to its attractions. It is intersected by graceful avenues
and promenades, and many of the memorials to the departed, so beautifully distributed
within the enclosure, evidence taste and a high order of merit in the artist, among which
may be mentioned the bronze statue of a female, sprinkling flowers upon a tomb, and
several other pieces of statuary by Rinehart, a native of the State.
At an elevated point in Greenmount a monument has been erected by the City of Baltimore, to the memory of John McDonogh. A massive granite base supports a marble
pedestal which is surmounted by a statue of the great philanthropist.
This city of the dead is often visited by our citizens, both because of its exquisite beauty
and the tender associations which cluster about its "quiet places," and the flowers and
SILVER LAKE-DRUID HILL PARK.
freshly planted evergreens upon many of the mounds are an assurance that those who are
gone are not so soon forgotten. In addition to the above, there are a number of Cemeteries
in and around our City, some extending over a greater area than Greenmount, and several
highly ornamented and possessing considerable natural attractiveness.
Upon opening this volume the reader will find a very comprehensive MAP OF BALTIMORE
and its environs. The present boundaries of the city are clearly indicated, as also those
portions lying beyond the corporate limits, together with the straggling villages located
within one and a half miles of the City proper. By reference to the Map it will be seen
that much of what should constitute the City of Baltimore lies in the county. The City
itself covers an area of but 10,000 acres. The boundaries established in 1816 by legislative
enactment have never been changed. Efforts, oft repeated, have been made by our citizens
but for reasons presently stated the enlargement of the City limits has been deferred until
89 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
hope has well nigh sickened and died. The census of 1870 places the population of
the City proper at 267,354.   The unfairness of this estimate, not to characterize it
by a harsher term, is glaring to every resident of Baltimore, and its palpable absurdity
would provoke a smile were it not so serious in its consequences to the welfare of our
City and State. A subsequent enumeration under the direction of the City government,
hurried in its character, and hence liable to many errors against the City, made the population of Baltimore 283,375. We must not be understood as accepting either of these sets
of figures as a correct exhibit of our numerical strength; on the contrary a census taken
by a thoroughly reliable citizen of Baltimore, and taken under circumstances from which
accuracy may be reasonably inferred, has placed the population far beyond either of
these enumerations. But assuming 283,375, the number ascertained by the municipal authorities, as the population of Baltimore in 1870, that portion of the City
which lies outside of the corporate limits, and which probably will soon be brought
under the control of the corporation, would have swelled the number of inhabitants to
350,000, and would have made Baltimore in this respect the fourth city in the United States.
That the extension of the City limits cannot be much longer delayed is apparent to the
opponents as well as to the friends of the measure. Baltimore County has heretofore
claimed, and with some show of reason, that by wresting from her this large and valuable
slice of her domain, the City will so diminish the basis of taxation as to embarrass the
county government. The City on the other hand desires room for expansion, and the
people who live on the debateable ground are crying out for the protection and benefits
that will accrue to them from annexation. The requirements of our rapidly increasing
population and the advantages which the middle and poorer classes, residing on the outskirts of Baltimore, will reap from the enlargement of her boundaries, constant supplies of
gas, water and the like, with the security afforded by a well regulated police force, must
in a brief space override any minor considerations.
The people of the county feel that the blow is inevitable, and already many are favoring
the annexation of Baltimore County in its entirety in imitation of the example set by
Philadelphia and New York, while others are beginning to realize that the decrease in the
revenues of the county would be temporary, as the prosperity of Baltimore must eventually
inure to the advantage of the territory which surrounds her.
The enlargement of the City limits once determined, the aegis of the municipal government extended over this region would produce that feeling of security which is certainly
lacking now, and which would lead mechanics and operatives to lease lots and erect for
their families houses where their close proximity to the agricultural districts would insure
the very cheapest rates of living. The intermediate spaces between Baltimore and the
towns within the circle of expansion would rapidly fill up with a thrifty population, while
satellites would multiply about the parent city.
This has been the experience of all great cities in the past, and, when similar influences
are working with ten-fold force in our midst, can we doubt that the analogy will be complete?
In concluding an article which has for its object the exposition of the resources of Baltimore, it may be well to summarize the forces that have ministered to her importance.
The great natural necessities in these days of steam-power are iron and fuel; iron to be
worked into the multitudinous forms of which it is susceptible, and which the ingenuity
of man has discovered, and fuel to supply the motive-power for its manipulation. Wood
in this country, where it was supposed it would be abundant for many generations, is
actually becoming a scarce commodity before one hundred years of the national life have
transpired, and in some places the system, so long in vogue in Great Britain and on the
continent of Europe, the plan of setting out groves of trees as a farmer would a crop of
corn, has already been adopted.
90 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
A substitute, under the circumstances, becomes a matter of the first importance, and
wherever this can be found, trade and commerce will necessarily gravitate towards that
point rather than to a locality unfortunately bereft of this wonderful auxiliary in the
the march of Progress.
Baltimore is absolutely independent of her sister cities in these respects. The bituminous
coal beds of Alleghany, West Virginia and portions of Pennsylvania have been barely
opened; in fact, several of those in the vicinity of Cumberland have never been tapped,
and, though it is known that the supply is vast beyond computation, its real richness is
as yet only conjectural.
The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, a mammoth corporation, and the Chesapeake and
Ohio Canal, almost equally extensive in its operations, with their combined strength have
been utterly unable to develop these beds of wealth beyond the threshold, and two more
railroads are now projected for the purpose of bringing the coals to our city. In addition,
the various species of this mineral, such as gas, cannel and anthracite coal, are supplied
by the numerous roads leading to Baltimore, in unlimited quantities. Iron is so plentifully imbedded in the soil of Maryland as almost to constitute the State a great bed of this
ore. In Alleghany, Anne Arundel, Baltimore, Cecil, Frederick, Garrett, Harford, Howard, Prince George's, Queen Anne's, Washington and Worcester Counties the beds of ore,
inexhaustible and of the finest description, are being worked with profit to their owners
and to the rapid advancement of our City, into whose lap the most of this metal is poured.
Besides the coal and iron of Alleghany, lime stone, sand stone, hydraulic cement, and
wonderful water-powers abound, and the city of Cumberland, the county seat, is rapidly
becoming the centre of a very important trade, the enterprise of her citizens expediting
this result and exhibiting an example that might be followed with a happy issue by others.
Anne Arundel County, in addition to the supply of iron ore, possesses a wide stretch
of fertile territory where tobacco and grain are grown in large quantities, and truckgardens are located sufficient in themselves to supply the demand in Baltimore for fresh
and wholesome vegetables. Annapolis, the county seat, and capital of the State, is one
of the oldest cities in America, and notable as being the place where the illustrious
Washington resigned his sword after the completion of his labors in the War of Independence, and as still possessing the building (State House) in which the deed was done, and
where Congress met immediately after the same war. This city is remarkable also as
having produced a number of the most distinguished lawyers that have ever graced the
Bar in this country.
Baltimore County, in addition to her great beds of iron ore, has fine water-powers, and
is noted for her extensive milling operations, carpet, cotton and woollen factories, furnaces,
foundries, paper and flouring mills. The finest and strongest cotton-duck and flour equal
to any manufactured in the world are made here. This county contains also valuable
copper mines and chrome ore, a large proportion of the latter article used in the State
being obtained from Baltimore County. Exhaustless quarries of marble, lime stone and
building stone are found here, from the latter of which gneiss and granite are taken in
large quantities.
Calvert County produces the best tobacco grown in the State, as well as boundless
supplies of fish, oysters and wild fowl, and tripoli is found'in many localities.
Caroline County, on the Eastern Shore of Maryland, is celebrated for its fine peaches
and fruits of all descriptions, and this remark will apply with equal force to Dorchester,
Kent, Queen Anne's, Somerset, Talbot, Wicomico and Worcester, all located on the same
side of the Chesapeake. Their mild climate, rich soil and proximity to the Bay and
Ocean enable them to produce the earliest and most superior fruits and vegetables, which
are sent in large quantities to the Northern cities, where they find a ready sale at fancy
prices. Large supplies of shell-marl, green sand and marl are found in this section, the
latter furnishing an excellent manure, by means of which the strength of the land can be
regularly renewed.
91 
TiE MONUMENTAL CITY,
Carroll County possesses first-class water-powers, cotton and woollen factories, merchant and paper mills, also a great number of tanneries, copper mines and extensive
quarries of granite, marble, lime stone, soap stone and slate.
Cecil County has quarries of grsnite and soap stone, the most valuable chrome mines in
the world, clay for fire-bricks, fine water-powers, great shad and herring fisheries, kaolin
or porcelain clay, and a tremendous trade at Port Deposit, on the Susquehanna river, in
lumber and logs.
Frederick County has an abundance of water-power, a large number of mills, tanneries
and various domestic manufactures, quarries of lime stone and slate, copper mines, a
species of stone similar to Italian marble, and a quarry resembling verde-antique, together
with marble of variegated colors, the light and dark red prevailing. Frederick City, the
county seat, is a large and thriving town, with an intelligent and energetic population.
HIarford County contains extensive water-power, furnaces, factories, foundries, flour
mills, quarries of building stone, gneiss or granite, iron ore and valuable chrome beds,
quarries of slate and kaolin or porcelain clay.
Howard County has factories, mills, furnaces, quarries of lime stone, also a stone that
resembles very much Quincy granite, and Porphyritic granite.
Montgomery County possesses quarries of sand stone and marble, excellent roofing slate,
other building stone, also chrome ore and fine water-powers.
Prince George's County, in addition to iron ore, sulphuret of iron, bole, tripoli and large
shad and herring fisheries, produces the largest quantity of tobacco grown by any single
county in the United States, and contains large cotton factories.
Saint Mary's County is the oldest in the State, and the first government of the Province
had its seat there for many years. Marl is abundant and tobacco the principal crop.
Washington County produces lime stone, slate of a very superior quality, emery or
corundum, and is a great grain growing section of the State, containing extensive flouring mills. Hagerstown, the county seat, is a prosperous and growing city. *
Of course the resources of the counties would advance but little the interests of Baltimore City were there not convenient methods of reaching them. Let us see what they
are. Through Baltimore County the lines of four extensive railroad corporations already
pass at such favorable distances that nearly all the wealth to which we have just alluded
may be poured into our City in quantities to suit the demand of the market. Shorter lines
of railroad stretch their arms into the richest portions of her territory in all directions,
while county roads of the first excellence offer the strongest inducements to producers.
Another very useful railroad, the Maryland Central, is about to be put under contract.
It will pass through the most fertile sections of Baltimore and Hiarford Counties, fixing its
terminus at the Pennsylvania line. The northwestern tier of counties, Montgomery,
Frederick, Washington and Alleghany are pierced in all directions by the Baltimore and
Ohio Railroad and its branches, and bounded on the south by the Chesapeake and Ohio
Canal, while Carroll, Frederick and Washington Counties are almost bisected by the Western Maryland Railroad. HIarford and Cecil are crossed by the Philadelphia, Wilmington
and Baltimore Railroad, and the latter is intersected at various points by the Philadelphia
and Baltimore Central Railroad, and the Columbia and Port Deposit Railroad.
The Baltimore and Ohio, and its branches, pass through Howard County in several
places. This County is also tapped by a number of short lines.
The lower tier of counties on the Western Shore consisting of Prince George's, Anne
Arundel, Calvert, Charles and St. Mary's, much the larger portions of which have been
heretofore without railroad communication with Baltimore, are about to be abundantly
supplied. Already the Baltimore and Ohio through its branches strikes Anne Arundel
and Prince George's, and brings the former into easy communication with our City by
*NoTE.-The author desires to express his obligations for facts relating to the Counties to a volume entitled
"The Atlas of Maryland, District of Columbia, and the United States," by S. J. Martenet, H. F. Walling and
0. W. Gray.                                                                                          G. W.  H.
92 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
means of the Annapolis and Elkridge Railroad, while the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad passes directly through Anne Arundel, Prince George's and Charles to the Potomac
River. The Drum Point Railroad, at present under contract, bisects Anne Arundel and
Calvert through their entire length and strikes the Patuxent at its mouth. The Washing ton City and Point Lookout Railroad, which is also under contract, will run from
Washington City down through Prince George's, Charles and St. Mary's to Point Lookout,
the extreme southern end of the Peninsula and intersecting the Baltimore and Potomac
at a point in Prince George's, will bring the produce of these counties directly to Baltimore. Already the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad connects with the great Union Railroad, a road incorporated to unite all the lines of Railway running into Baltimore, and
arrangements are now being perfected by which the Drum Point Railroad will leave its
terminus at Brooklyn, on the Patapsco, and passing round the City, will enter the same
road at the tunnel.
It must also be borne in mind that these lower counties are intersected in all directions
by navigable rivers and streams which furnish by far the cheapest mode of transportation.
We have reserved the Eastern Shore Counties until the last. They have never heretofore had railroad communication with our City save by long and circuitous routes which
were practically, barriers to commercial intercourse, and the Bay and its tributaries have
been relied upon as a means for securing the produce of that wealthy section of Maryland.
Much of the valuable traffic which should have found its way to Baltimore, the great
metropolis of the State, was on this account diverted to Philadelphia by the extensive
railroad connections with that city through Delaware. The surface of the land on the East'ern Shore is admirably adapted to railroad construction, and unusual energy has been displayed in the location of those wonderful adjuncts to civilization. Besides the great facilities they possess for water communication, each county can boast its railroad, all of which
connect with the Delaware Railroad, which meets the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad, 71 miles from Baltimore and 28 miles from Philadelphia, thus naturally
urging trade to the latter city.
All this is about to be changed and by a means so simple as to cause amazement that
the project has never been seriously entertained before. The Baltimore, Chesapeake and
Delaware Bay Railroad Company has been organized and the money necessary for the
construction of the road subscribed. It is to be built from Love Point, the northern
extremity of Kent Island, on the Chesapeake Bay, (18 miles from Baltimore) immediately
across the Eastern Shore, through the counties of Queen Anne's and Caroline, to Harrington
in Delaware, a distance of 40 miles, where it connects with the Delaware and the Junction
and Breakwater Railroads.   The connection with the latter road unites by an air-line the
Chesapeake and Delaware Bays. The results to Baltimore will be, first, communication
with New York by the cheapest and pleasantest route yet projected, the Company having
contracted with the Lorillard Steamship Company to take freight and passengers from
the Delaware Breakwater to New York immediately upon the arrival of the train, while
several Baltimore corporations are at present striving to secure the contract for their conveyance between Baltimore and the railroad depot at Love Point on the Eastern Shore of
the Chesapeake. This will constitute during much the larger portion of the year the most
agreeable line of travel between Baltimore and New York, and by all odds the cheapest
route for freight at all seasons. There will be but one change on the line, as the cars will
be carried across the Chesapeake on very heavy steamers. But this is the least of the
advantages likely to accrue to Baltimore from the building of this railroad. It will run
within a stone's throw of Queenstown, the western terminus of the Queen Anne's and
Kent Railroad, with which, of course, connection will be made and which intersects the
Kent County Railroad at Massey's Junction. It will intersect the Maryland and Delaware Railroad at Hillsborough, and thus the productions of Kent, Queen Anne's, Talbot
and Caroline, will be immediately diverted to Baltimore. At Earrington, it will tap the
93 
94         THE MONUME.TAL CITY, ITS PAST HISTORY, ETC.
Delaware Railroad, the real main-stem of all the railroads south of that point, and thus
the productions of Dorchester County, through the Dorchester and Delaware Railroad;
of Wicomico, through the Delaware and the Wicomico and Pocomoke Railroads; of
Worcester through the latter and the Worcester Railroad, and of Somerset through the
Eastern Shore Railroad, will all be poured into Baltimore, while much of the produce of
Delaware will follow the same channel; trade always chosing for itself the most natural
and expeditious routes. It will thus be seen that through this little railroad only forty
miles in length, and which will be constructed at comparatively insignificant cost, all the
trade of the purely Eastern Shore Counties, and much of the State of Delaware, will be
attracted to our City, the route to Baltimore being shorter by one half than that which now
draws a large portion of this trade to Philadelphia.
It is proposed to construct another line of railroad between this City and New York.
The New Jersey Southern Railroad, which has recently changed hands it is said, proposes
to build a road across the Delaware River, somewhere in the neighborhood of Fort Penn,
which will strike the Delaware Railroad at Townsend, and from thence using the Townsend Branch Railroad, and the Kent County Railroad, will reach a point on the Chesapeake
Bay near Rock Hall. Here passengers and freight will be shipped direct to Baltimore in
steamers constructed for the purpose.
If carried out, this route will prove as effectual in diverting to Baltimore the trade of the
Eastern Shore and Delaware as the road mentioned above.
The City by its admirable location, situated in the very heart of the country, at the
head of a bay which is superior to the ocean because of the protection it affords to shipping, gives access to a broad reach of territory on either side, from which stores can be
drained by water communication, and the receipts of our foreign and domestic commerce
distributed at the smallest possible cost to producers.
The great grain fields of the far West are made tributary to her through gigantic lines
of railway; the Valley of Virginia, teeming with cereals, mineral wealth and forests of
inestimable value, through the same source pours into the City its varied productions; the
South, with its inexhaustible resources, lumber, cotton, rice, tar, pitch, turpentine, rosin
and tobacco is linked with her by splendid lines of steamers; competing railroad corporations are already struggling for the mastery in their efforts to empty into her lap the
riches of the Central West, and the great Mississippi Valley; her enterprising merchants,
business men and railroad companies have established, in connection with foreign corporations, magnificent lines of steamers which connect the City with the prominent ports of
Europe, and the cheapness of these modes of communication are being practically demonstrated to the satisfaction of the South and West; her inner attractions, her beautiful
parks, public squares, refined society, handsome and well ventilated thoroughfares, the
high moral tone of her citizens, healthfulness, cheapness of living within her limits, her
institutions, and the hospitality which has distinguished her in every period of her history,
her iron works, cotton factories, sugar refineries, machine shops, glass works, flour mills,
and her other great and important interests, have all been elaborated with care in the
progress of this volume.
To predicate the future of Baltimore, with such a combination of resources as a basis,
requires neither the use of isothermal lines, nor analytic deduction extending through
long cycles of ages. Theories may be true and useful, but facts are stubborn and indisputable. The future of Baltimore depends upon but one hypothesis. The elements of
her present and prospective greatness stare us in the face and need only utilization by a
proportionate amount of energy on the part of our people to realize a prosperity scarcely
exampled in the history of the world. 
THE BUSINESS INTERESTS OF BALTIMORE.
UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND
SCHOOL OF MEDICINE.
Hon. SEVERN TEACKLE WALLIS, LL. D., Provost.
NATHAN R. SMITH, M.                                   D.
Emeritus Professor of Surgery and President
of thie Faculty.
WILLIAMI E. A. AIKIN, M. D., LL. D.
Professor of Chemistry and Pharmacy.
GEORGE W. MILTENBERGER, M. D
Professor of Obstetrics.
RICHARD McSHERRY, M. D.
Prof. of Principles and Practice of Medicine.
CHRISTOPHER JOHNSTON, M. D.
Professor of Surgery.
FRANK DONALDSON, M.                                     D.
Professor of Physiology and Hygiene, and
Clinical Professor of Diseases of the
Throat, Lungs and Heart.
SAMUEL C. CHEW, M. D.
Professor of  Materia Medica and Therapeu       tics, and Clinical Medicine.
WILLIAM T. HOWARD, M. D.
Professor of Disea8esof Women and Children
and Clinical Medicine.
JULIAN J. CHISOLM, M.D.
Professor of the Diseases of the Eye and Ear.
FRANCIS T. MILES, M. D.
Professor of Anatomy, and Clinical Profes  sor of Diseases of the Nervous System.
ALAN P. SMITH, M. D.
Professor of Operative Surgery.
L. McLANE TIFFANY, M. D.
Demonstrator of Anatomy.
THE regular course of Lectures commences on the 1st of October, and terminates on the last day of February.
For further information apply to any member of the Faculty for an annual Circular.
NOTE.-See pages 74, 75 and 76 for further information in regard to the University of Maryland.
FACU 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
THE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY.
SCHOOL OF MEDICINE.
BALTIMORE, MD.
ANNOUNCEMENT.
The Winter Session begins on the 1st of October, and terminates on the 22d of February.
The Summer Session begins on the 2d Monday in March, and continues four months.
FEES, STATUTES, &c.-Full course of Lectures, including Dissection and Hospital
Tickets, $65.00.  Matriculation Fee (paid but once), $5.00.  Graduation Fee, $20.00.  All
fees, except the graduation, must be paid at the beginning of the session.
JOSEPH  E. CLAGETT, M. D.,
Professor of Obstetrics.
JOHN F. MIONMIONIER, MD. D.,
Professor of Physioloyy.
MIARTIN P. SCOTT, M1. D.,
Professor of the DLiseases of Women.
CHAS. W. CHANCELLOR, -I. D.,
Professor of Suwgery.
JAS. E. LINDSAY, Al. D.,
Professor of Ghemistry.
A. B. ARNOLD, M. D.,
Professor of Practice of Medicine.
J. S. CONRAD, M. D.,
Proofessor of Jfatersia Medica.
H.  B. TRIST, M. D.,
Professor of Anatomy.
For further information or circulars, address,
Prof. CHAS. W. CHANCELLOR, M. D.,
DEAN OF THE FACULTY.
INSTITUTION FOR THE EDUCATION OF THE DEAF AND DUMB,
(WM. F. WVEBRR, Archt.)
FREDERICK CITY, MD.
We  F W E;3 E a,
RCHITECT,
COR. CEIARLES AND LEXINGTON STS., BALTIMORE.
96
:FECULTY. 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.                          97
BALTIMORE
No. 2 NORTH GREENE STREET.
The Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, the oldest Dental College in the world, was
incorporated by an act of the Legislature of the State of Maryland in the year 1839.
Six hundred and sixty-four students have had conferred upon them the degree of
"Doctor of Dental Surgery" by this institution since its organization, and its diploma is
recognized in all civilized countries as a testimonial of proficiency in the science of Dentistry.
The majority of the eminent practitioners of Dentistry in Europe are graduates of this
College, and there are but few Dental Colleges in this country in whose Faculties are not
found graduates of the Baltimore College.
Y ACULTY,
PHILIP H. AUSTEN, A. M., M.D., D. D. S.
Professor of Dental Science and Mechanism,
FERDINAND J. S. GORGAS, A. M., M.D., D. D. S.
Professor of Dental Surgery and Therapeutics.
HENRY REGINAL NOEL, M.D.
Professor of Physiology and Pathology.
E. LLOYD HOWARD, A. M., M.D.
Professor of Anatomy.
M. J. DEROSSET, A. M., M.D.
Professor of Chemnistry and Materia Medica.
JAMES  IHI. HARRIS,  M.D., D. D. S.
Professor of Clinical Dentistry.
WILLIAM FARMER, M.D., D. D. S.
Demonstrator of Operative Dentistry.
-B. M. WILKERSON,  M.D., D. D. S.
Demonstrator of Mechanical Dentistry.
THOMAS S. LATIMER, M.D.
Demnonstrator of Anatomy.
The regular sessions commence in October of each year, and continue until March.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION ADDRESS,
F. J. S. GORGAS, M.D., D. D. S.
DEAN OF ~HE FACULTY,
259 N. EUTAW STREET, BALTIMORE, MD.
NOTE.-See pages 76, 77 and 78 for further information in regard to Dentistry. 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
BALTIMORE EYE AND EAR INSTITUTE,
55 FRANKLIN STREIET,
B A LT I M O R E.
JULIAN J. CHISOLM, M.D.
PROFESSOR OF EYE AND EAR DISEASES IN THE UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND,
SURGEON IN CHARGE.
One of the largest and finest Residences in the City of Baltimore has been purchased,
and fitted up with every convenience as a "HOME" for persons suffering from Eye and
Ear Diseases who come to Baltimore for Surgical treatment.  The SURGEON  IN CHEARGE
RESIDES IN THE INSTITUTION, SO that he can visit his Patients frequently, and at all
hours.
For further information apply to
JULIAN J. CHISOLM, M.D.,
55 Franklin Street,
BALTIMORE.
MARYLAND EYE AND EAR INSTITUTE,
66 N. C0ARLES ST. and 77 SARATOGA ST.
BALTIMORE.
OFFICERS.
PRESIDENT-JOHN B. MORRIS, ESQ.
VICE PRESIDENTs-B. F. NEWCOMER, ESQ., CHRISTIAN AX, ESQ.
SECRETARY-J. J. STEWART, EsQ.
TREASURER-WILLIAM WILKENS, ESQ.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
JOHNS HOPKINS, Esq.      CHRISTIAN Ax, Esq.      JOHN H. B. LATROBB, Esq.  H. H. GRAUI, Esq.
JOHN B. MORRIS, Esq.    J. HARMANUS FISHER, Esq. C. MORTON STEWART, Esq. Dr.W. CHEW VAN BIBBE,
Hon. G. W. DOBBIN,       JACOB TRUST Esq.        CHARLES G. KERR, Esq.   Dr.JAMES CARY THOMAS,
B. F. NEWCOMER, Esq.     G. W. GAIL, Esq.        JOHN STELLMAN, Esq.     Dr. JOHN MORRIS,
SAM'L M. SHOEMAKER, Esq. JOHN A. NICHOLS, Esq.    WILLIAM WILKENS, Esq.   Dr. J. L. WARFIELD,
WILLIAM F. FRXOICK, Esq.   Col. S. M. HESS,      J. J. STEWART, Esq.     Dr. GEORGe REULING.
Surgeon in Charge, GEORGE REULING, M.D.
We  respectfully announce to the Medical Profession and Public generally, that this
Institute, incorporated April 3d, 1869, and now located at No. 66 N. Charles Street, and
No. 77 Saratoga Street, has been lately enlarged and improved, and offers increased facilities for the treatment of those suffering from
DISEASES OF THE EYE AND EAR.
Application should be made to GEO. REULING, 1. D., Surgeon in Charge.
98
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SU ~TI~LOGdSJC UO I'l~UT U-1  TFC4  
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ill', 
ITS PAST HIISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
Oyster, Fruit aud Vegetable Packing.
HEI ()yster Trade of Blaltimore (ity, in its various branches, constitutes a
most important industry. lid one whic('h has no rival in the other cities
~ of the United States.  The unlimited supply afforded by the (Chesapeako
Bay and its tributaries, and the superiority and delicate flavor of the Oysters,
make it impossible for any other city in the world to (ompete with B3altimore in
this regard. About thirty years ago a single house was established on Federal
Hill, for the canning of cooked (O)ysters its owner had discovered the secret
of sealing the cans, and vainly imagined that it could be confined within his
own brain.  lie wore his life awayv in his efforts to amass a fortune, and his
secret was soon dis(covered, which, in course of time was to convey to sections
that had scarcely heard by name of the delicious bivalves, bountiful supplies
as fresh and as pure as those to be found on our tables.  At present there are
more than one hundred packing establishments engaged in the business, some
of which employ as many as six hundred hands; upwards of twenty thousand
persons are identified with the trade from first to last, in some form.  A
failure of the Oyster supply would bring distress to hundreds of households.
(}ur space does not permit a detailed statement of the  )ocdus op)eriandi of
packing.  Eight hundred pungies or small schooners and fully three thousand
smaller boats are engaged in gathering Oysters. They commence work about
the middle of September.'The pungies separate the Oysters from the beds
bv means of dredges, while from the smaller boats tongs or rakes are plied by
hand. The Oysters brought to the packing establishments are shucked, and
if intended for shipment raw, are washed, and packed in the cans until every
particle of air is excluded, and hermetically sealed; or they are first cooked
land then packed in the same manner.  As  an exhibit of the amount of
packing done, fifty thousand cans of raw are put up daily by a single house,
ind thirty thousand cans of cooked Oysters by another. The trade is kept
up without intermission until the warm days of spring warn the proprietors
that the Oysters will soon be unfit for use. There is then a short intermission;
the hands are suffered to take a holiday and the pungies lie idly at the
wharves. In a very few weeks fleets of these small vessels line the waters of
the bay, and the streams which flow into it. The orchards and market-gardens
adjacent to the streams are stripped of their fruits and vegetables, the packinghouses are transformed into huge bee-hives, the operatives go to work with
renewed vigor, countless thousands of boxes of these perishable productions
of the soil are poured into their insatiable reservoirs, and by a process somewhat similar to that made use of in Oyster packing, are stored away in
cans and sent to all sections of the world to be kept pure and fresh until
demanded by the ever increasing re(uirements of modern palates.  Pickles,
Sauces, Preserves, aire all canned in large quantities by the pac(kers and find
7
101 
THE MONIUMENTAL CITY,
a rapid sale in the market. These canned Oysters, Fruits and Vegetables are
sent to all portions of the United States, and are exported to all sections of the
civilized world.  The Hindoos, the Chinese, the Japanese, and all European
markets are largely supplied with cainned goods from the packing-houses of
the city of Baltimore. An industry so extensive necessarily tends to the
development of other branches of trade intimately connected with it; among
these is the manufacture of tin-cans.
A few of the packing-houses find it convenient to import their own tin and
make their own cans.  The machinery for this and the hands employed form
no inconsiderable portion of the whole establishment, but by far the larger
number rely upon the houses which have been established in the city exclusively for that purpose. The increase in the importation and manufacture of
tin has kept pace with the development of the packing trade, and at this
writing it is estimated that between twenty and thirty million cans are manufactured yearly for this market.
The trade is increasing and the resources for conducting the packing business are inexhaustible. It is impossible to fix any limits to this branch of the
trade of Baltimore in the future. Another business connected with the
packing trade deserves notice. The cans of Oysters, Fruits or Vegetables,
after they are sealed, are supplied with labels denoting the character of their
contents. Great competition has arisen between the firms engaged in the
business, and they have sought to secure the most unique and beautiful
designs, with which to advertise their wares to the world. Large printinghouses now exist in the city whose sole occupation is the printing of these
labels.  Much capital has been employed and great pains taken to reduce their
designs to perfection. The result is that many of these designs at first glance
can scarcely be distinguished from wood engravings. Where so many Oysters
are shucked the question will naturally be asked, what becomes of the shells.
Many of the larger packing-houses have extensive lime-kilns, with a capacity
of one thousand to twelve hundred bushels each. One firm alone burns twenty
thousand bushels into lime every four days, and has made as much as six
hundred thousand bushels of pure white lime in a year. Even this immense
quantity does not dispose of the accumulations, and in many instances farmers
and others are paid to haul away the shells for the construction of roads, or
the improvement of the lands adjacent to the city. It will be seen from the
above that the packing trade is already of paramount importance in Baltimore, and is rapidly increasing in extent and the number of substantial
citizens engaged in it.
The Oyster laws of the State form no inconsiderable portion of the Code,
and the efforts of legislators have latterly been directed to the regulation of
the manner of taking the Oysters, that the beds may not be permanently
injured by this traffic. An Oyster-navy has been established with this view,
and efficient officers selected to command it; and during the season the vessels
composing this water-police are constantly in motion for the purpose of
enforcing the Oyster laws.
102 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND  f'RESENT RESOURCEs.
NUIUM,SEN'S BLO)CKI.
WM. NUMSEN & SONS,
PRESERVERS, PICKLERS,
Office, 18 Light Street,
Factories at Jackson St., Federal Iill, and German St., near Green St.
W,V. NUMfSEN.
J W.NUMSEN,
N.G. NUSEN, BALTIMORE.  
WM. N. NUMSEN.
103 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
3              40 GO
Successors of THOS, KENSETT & CO.
PACKERS OF HERMETICALLY SEALED
OYSTERS, FRUITS, 
I9 W. Fa,lls Avenue,
THOMIAS H. KENSETT,
HORATIO N. VAIL,
JOHN R. KENSETT.
BALT1IJMORE.
JAMES E. STANSBUPY,
OYSTER, FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PACKER,
AND) SHELL-LIME IKLLNS,
Atlantic Wharf, near Boston Street, Canton,  BALTIMORE.
ESTA:BLISHED 1850.
THOS. J. MYER & CO.
SuCCessors to BALDWIN & MYER,
IXII, s    rIDs                              e
No. 90 WEST F-ALLS A VEN-TiFy,
O)PPOSITE PHILADELPHIA DEPOT,
10
&C.
M. O. SHRIVEt{
CO.
THOS. J. MYER.
A. K. SHRIVER.
BAL,TIAIORF. 
ITS PAST IIISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
.HONY.      ESTABLISHED 1853.
JU C. IMIAHONY & Cl
OYSTER AND { UIT bACKERSI
MAHONY'S WHARF, CANTON,
]Baltimore.
Shot.
,AMONG the most prominent obj -ets in a distant view of Baltimore, towering
far above the loftiest building, and, although situated near the water
r level, rivalling in height the summit of the Washington Monument, is
the Merchants' Shot Tower.  This immense piece of masonry was erected
in 1828, and is said to be the finest specimen of brick work on this continent,
and perhaps in the world.  It is two hundred and twenty feet high, above
the pavement, and has a foundation seventeen feet in depth, resting upon
solid rock. This gives the tower the rare and important advantage of being
absolutely free from vibration, except during the heaviest gales of wind, when
the maximum vibration at the highest floor does not exceed four inches.
This absence of vibration is essential to the perfectness of the Shot. The
walls were built entirely from within, no outside scaffolding having been
used; they are six feet thick at the base of the tower, tapering off to eighteen
inches at the top.  The circumference at the base is one hundred andtwentynine feet. The top is reached by a spiral stairway of three hundred and ten
steps.
With regard to the manufacture of the Shot, it is sufficient to say_that the
large sizes of Shot, from B to 3 T inclusive, are dropped from the highest
floor, while the smaller numbers are dropped from the middle floor. The
company which works this tower claims to make the most perfect Drop Shot
in the world, in consequence of the firm foundation and substantial structure
of the tower, which secures it against vibratory motion. The sizes of their
Shot, moreover, are carefully graded by fixed standards, and are mathematically perfect. The manufacturing capacity of the tower is now 100,000 bags
in a season; it can readily be increased to 200,000 every six months, or indeed
if necessary to half a million annually.
105
J.C. MA
H.:FLEMING. 
rTHE MONUMENTAL CITY,
,,.,  ti,,!' s   o 11)'I'lli
... ~ -.,             I'. I  I Iee
COR. FRONT AND FAYETTE STS.
B3altimore, Mid.
Havi,ng all newt and lthe most approved machinery
for the  m,anufactcure of Drop and Mould Shot and
BarI Lead, the quality of our maniqfactured articles
in) sizes, style and finisli is not excelled in the world.
The sizes of Shot we manufacture are
MOULD SHOT,- - No. 1637 55 1IC  AP   P N      -000  00   0 O    1   2   3
-....! —I —if.. i —I —- I......-t
.u~.... ihbelrtotheP 6.u3d   16137552122  51  85 855111 144 170 2501340
t;lt's Ary. Navy.              Buck Shot.
P'istol.
DROP SIG()T. —TTT TT T BBB BB B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
HENRY D. HARt -,-Y, President.                                 LUCIEN O'CONNOR, Secretary, pro tem.
DIRECTORS.
ID I               (D IR 0 0   S
HENRY D. HARVEY,.
JAMES HOOPER, JR., of James Hooper & Sons,         FRAN,IS A. CROOK, Teas Balto. Equitable Society,
GEORGE NT. E.tTON, of Eaton Bros. & Co.            WI 1,1IA M WILS()ON. Ja. of Wilson, Burns & Co.
GEORGE W. BROW. lte Byor of Baltimore      GEORGE W. CORNER, of James Corner & Sons.
GEORGE~~~~ _~l _R -  _z. G E RG W. (' R I,.   _...
Provisions.
HE immediate connection of Baltimore with the West, renders it the chief
point for distribution southward, of the great Provision supplies from
that important and rapidly growing section of our country.  It has long
been known as one of the cheapest ports for this purpose on the entire seaboard; but the Provision trade with the States of Georgia and South Carolina
was in some measure diminished by the establishment of direct lines of railway to the Mississippi valley.   The trade with  the Southern Atlantic
States has however been largely augmented of late years, both through a
disposition to purchase in Baltimore, and because the consumption in those
States has greatly incereatsed.  In view of this fact, the railways and lines of
steamers communicating directly or indirectly with the South, have become
much more active than formerly. During 1872 Baltimore distributed 70,000
hhds. of bacon and bulk meats; 20,000 casks of hams; 50,000 tierces of lard;
30,000 bbls. of pork.  A large proportion of these articles is sent to the West
Indies and points further South; while to Great Britain and Germany great
quantities of lard are shipped annually.  The aggregate export of lard to
Liverpool and B3remnen alone, in 1871, was about half the total amount of
4,877,470 lbs. The demand for this article has become so great, that the
refining of the cruder grades has risen within a short period into a very
important branch of manufacture, of which we treat in the succeeding article.
106 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESoURCES.
IIIIl\  RICE &J  N  
~  Y~~MANUFACTURERS OF
DE_}INE-1)3IADr  0 --— 1 LARD- O ) l
~    NO~. 48 S OUTH
_________  I  L..         i\f'
IST
tI 1:
107  
THE MONUMENTAL CITY, ITS PAST HISTORY, ETC.
Refined Lard.
ITHIN three or four years past a new branch of the Provision trade has
arisen in Baltimore, and, growing with astonishing rapidity, has already
.    become one of the important departments of manufacture and commerce.
This is the preparation and exportation of Refined Lard.   The crude article,
formerly exported as received from Western markets, is now cleansed of
impurities, in establishments conducted on a very large scale, and being thus
rendered easier to handle, as well as fitter for use, is sent in immense lots to
Europe and elsewhere. There are four refineries now engaged in this business, which, only three or four years ago, was almost unknown; and of these
four, two are also occupied in the preparation of Lard Oil.
The shipments for the last three years have been as follows:
1870.......................................................... 1,791,360 lbs.
1871.................................... 4,876,760 C
1872...........................................12,622,649 "
G. CASSATD & SON,
AND DEALERS IN
PROVISIONS, PRIME LARD AND LARD OIL,
Nos. 407 & 409 West Baltimore Street,
Baltimore.
GEO. CASSARD & CO.
Beaters tit Sugara  ured  a_a'
HOULDES, iI'DES, CORK, CARD,
AND
P, OVISIONS 9MERNALLY
NO. 46 SOUTH STREET, BALTIMORE.
109 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY, ITS PAST HISTORY, ETC.
THOMAS CASSARD.  JOHN CASSARD.    F. W. CASSARD.
CASSARD BROTHERS,
ELARD ERH FIN]ARS
AND
~ OTX~~~ON Bg'E C&Cj,5&lql 1
NO. 61 SOUJTH STREET,
BAL TIIMORE.
Butter and Cheese.
S a market for Butter and Cheese, produced in the great pasture lands of
the country, Baltimore now fairly rivals New York City.  The  trade
was formerly quite inconsiderable, in the days when each farmer made
into Cheese the products of his own dairy; but since the establishment
of large factories, the supply now of refined quality and vast quantity, is
an important branch of commerce in both of the cities named. The transportation facilities of our own market for these articles are now fully as cheap,
as rapid, and as convenient as those of New York, while we are nearer to the
large Cheese and Butter consuming Southern country. As a consequence of
this point in our favor, so large a proportion of the annual production comes
to Baltimore, that occasionally New York merchants have found it to their
advantage to purchase in this city; and the daily sales here are now several
hundred per centum greater than they were a few years ago. These remarks,
though made especially in reference to Cheese, are equally true in regard to
Butter, of which the best article is received in very large quantities as cheaply
as in New York.
The trade in Butter has increased largely during the year 1872, the
receipts for that period being 10,000,000 pounds, and the receipts of Cheese
during the same time have aggregated fully as much as during any former year.
I}* UPS                                          GO
No. 6 Exchlange Place,
CHEESE, BUTTER AND WESTERN PRODUCE,
Arriving Daily, and For Sale AT LOWEST MARKET RATES,
We also offer for sale at Factory prices, as Manufacturers' Wholesale Agents,
T. Kingsford & Son's Oswego Starch,
Procter & Gamble's Oleine Soap and Adamantine Candles,
Emil'Mathiea & Son's Clarified Vinegar,
Stickney & Poor's Premium Mustard,
Naphey's Choice Leaf Lard, in 3, 5, 10 and 25 Pound Tin Pails.
110 
4 
~    ~
+ A
BALTIMORE STEAM SUGAR REI
WOODS, WEEKS & CO., Propriet(
AINUFACTURERS OF ALL GRADES OF REFINED SUGARS AN 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY, ITS PAST HISTORY, ETC.
co
o
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tA
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t-J
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113
,l~    il  lili  I! i iii1l~ 
]'HE MIONUtMENTAL CITY,
Sugar.
*iN the importation of Sugar, as well as of Coffee, the business of Baltimore
. has  increased surprisingly within three years past.  In 1870, New York
r alone could show larger receipts; but in Sugar especially, Boston reported
almost an equal amount, and Philadelphia was not far behind. In 1871, the
receipts at Baltimore were nearly two-thirds as great as the aggregate of
Boston, Philadelphia and New Orleans; and the current year shows thus far
a still heavier augmentation of the receipts. At the close of the first six
months of 1872, the aggregate of imports for those months, as compared with
the corresponding period of the previous year, were as follows:
HIIHDS.      BOXES.         BAGS.       TIERCES.        BBLS.
1872,..      76,024        39,193        33,000        3,170         6,671
1871,..      69,601        23,895        21,233       1,421         9,597
Inc. 6,423   1IB. 15,298    Inc. 11,767  Inc. 2,769    Dec. 2,908
The rapid growth of the trade in the past four years is displayed in the
following table of receipts:
1872............122,402 hhds.
187l............122,075  "
1870.................... 87,598 "
1869.................... 81,461  "
These large cargoes of raw Sugars are of course brought to Baltimore not
merely for local consumption; and this introduces another extensive manufacturing interest of our city-the work of the Sugar Refineries.  These
factories are of great importance, inasmuch as their influence upon the
prosperity of the city reaches far beyond the mere employment of a given
number of laborers, or the production of a certain value in merchantable
wares. By them importation is promoted, and our port is made to assume a
high position as the great medium of traffic in one of the principal articles of
necessity in the civilized world; while every means of transportation is called
into activity by the requirements for distribution of the immense product.
In the Baltimore, Maryland, Calvert and Chesapeake Refineries the aggregate
amount of the crude material worked up during the year 1871 was 109,686,000
pounds, from which were produced 91,000,000 pounds refined Sugar, and
1,929,272 gallons Syrup. Two other companies, the Canton and Merchants',
which are employed in preparing Sugar from Molasses, boiled in 1871, 23,000
114
70,180 boxes,
53,945 "
57,444   "
57,761   "
41,100 bags.
44,620 "
29,678 "
10,930 " 
,AND SUGAR REFNINIG COMPANY,
Aii   Jij                                 _______
I _ _ I III                               4    __
I       I                  riI     rijJP   jI IF IIII\;         ___
I    I i I ii    jP   *   EThEl'"i liii I"           ii w\\jj
'7Th Th
; #1                    ~ ~            7 Th7  l'           
___                                   IiiWi 
CO., AGENTS, O'DONNELL'S WHARF, BALTIMORE. 
iTHE MONUMENTAL CITY,
hogsheads of Molasses, producing 11,300,000 pounds of yellow Sugar, and
440,000 gallons of Syrup. During that year, the receipts of Molasses, though
so largely in excess of the previous years, were inadequate to the needs of the
several establishments, and work was suspended much earlier in the season
than is usual, in consequence of the deficiency of material. The Canton
company, which worked up during the season 8,000 hogsheads, with a
capacity of 15,000 hogsheads, was compelled to draw half even of this reduced
amount from Northern markets. This deficiency of course suggested the
necessity of heavier importations, and the receipts of the current year, as
shown above, have been much larger.
Baltimore is undoubtedly destined to become a great market for both crude
and refined Sugars and Molasses, and the character of the gentlemen who
control the trade should be a sufficient inducement for purchasers to seek our
city, when the other inducements offered compare so favorably with other
places.
Coffee.
OFFEE is an article of importation in which Baltimore stands second
among the ports of the United States; more prominently so, indeed, than
in the case of Sugar, as here the receipts are more than twice the aggregate
entries at the three other chief ports, of Boston, Philadelphia and New
Orleans. The amount recorded for 1871, at Baltimore, was 92,892,904
pounds, principally Brazil, (or Rio,) while the receipts at Philadelphia,
5,792,915, at Boston, 6,398,256, and at New Orleans, 33,072,914, make a total
of 45,264,085 pounds-less than half that of Baltimore, notwithstanding the
great importance of New Orleans as the port of distribution to the valley of
the lower Mississippi. The large supply given above is yet below the real
amount, as large cargoes are shipped westward under bond without showing
to the credit of Baltimore on the books of the Custom-House.
The following average of monthly sales during five years will give an idea
of the rapid progress of the trade:
(160 lbs. to the bag.)
For 1867................................. 20,810 bags, or 3,329,600 lbs.
" 1868.................................20,919  "   "3,347,040 "
" 1869.................................29,534  "   "4,724,440 "
" 1870................................42,213  "   "6,754,080 "
" 1871................................45,900  "   "7,344,000 "
" 1872................................32,922  "   "5,267,520 "
The crop of 1872 was short; Baltimore importing its full share.
Baltimore, indeed, has become a port of entry in coffee, even for New York
merchants, in consequence of the facilities offered for economical handling,
and for cheap and speedy transportation to various points in the West.
116
* 4.0 ~ 
And Jobbers of Coffees and Teas,
50 SOUTH CHARLES STREET,
:RBA_ThTI  OT/J O.
ESTAjBLISlED 1835
G. H. REESE & BRATXERlS,
7"{~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
I~~~~~~~~~~~~~
O7 & O9
W]YO. IpIR2\-TO  S~- T~LRD~EH,,Tit0
BALTIMORE. 
i>  i'iE M')NU ITAL  CIT,r? ITS L?A2         T A II~T-( LIT-Y, li("
Importers of          Defe.rs il
r'y  I IPj. A,~4.J. N' I..U.T -.
Fine  Gr-ocqesies,
-345  MADISON  AV;E,-.near Townsend St,}
,~-A'i-            -J 
Have constantly on handl a large and carefilly selected  stockl of line
goods, and invite inspection before pirchlasig elscvhere.
Otir goods  are pit u1) with  car,  and delivered promptly, f'ee  of
expense, to any part of the city or subnr)s.   Send for Price List.
Salt.
HITE  three great markets for Salt in this country are New  Orleans, New
-York and Baltimnore.   We  name them in point of prominence.   The
article itself is such-an absolute necessity that the wonder has often been
expressed from- where does it all come.  Liverpool, Turk's Island' and some of
the local wells, situated principally in the States of New  York, Michigan,
Ohio and West Virginia, furnish the bulk of the article consumed in  this
country.  There have been- brought from the West Indies to this port d(luring
the past year about 150,000 more bushels of Salt thas at.any similar period
of our history.   The importation from Liverpool  lihas somnewhat slaekened
during the same time, owing to the strikes at Liverpool, and high  prices and
scarcity only; but the figures ma4e up- by one-of -the largest Salt dlealers in
America, very clearly indicate that Baltimor;e is to become the greatest mnarket
on the Atlantic seaboard for the importation and sale of that comiilodity.
The fact that gentlemen of undoubted probity and substantial resources have
control of  the Salt market in Baltimore, should be an inducement to all
buyers in the- South  and West to come to this city for their supplies.  The
facilities for importation are unequalled and the prices correspondingly low.
The rates of freight and railroad transportation  are not surpassed in this
country for cheapness, dispatch and security to the buyer.
I I,-3
'.                                             t!, 
iCh rlos Roes:'& Co.
A," I)
I 
(i),____              __     __
z~~~~~;
I=____
____________  __________  U ___________
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cc~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'                                              ~      /
____                    ________________                             Co
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LPrPUII*    
8
t.
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1:  
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
STEWART &
WHOL  SALE GROCERSi
COMMISSION MEROHANTS
lN"o. 13 N. HOWARD STREET,
BALTIMORE.
Teas.
kHE  Tea trade of Baltimore is a large and growing interest.  Prior to the
;[establishment of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company, Teas were brought
* direct from the East to New York. This Line to some extent changed
the direction of Eastern goods; but the completion of the Central Pacific
Railroad, and the low rates for freight established by that corporation, Ihave
effected a complete revolution in the Tea trade. Tea is now brought by water
to the Pacific coast, and shipped overland to the Eastern Cities of America.
The geographical position of our City, and the energy of her Merchants,
have secured for her much of the trade, which was formerly monopolized by
New York.  At least, one of the largest Houses in Baltimore has a member
of the firm in the East, as special agent for the selection and purchase of
Teas; and all those engaged in the business are very careful of the character
of the goods offered to the market. Large quantities of Tea are shipped from
Baltimore to the South, and South-West; and from present indications our
City at no distant day will compare favorably with her sister Cities on the
Atlantic coast, in this very extensive branch of commerce.
Martin Gillet,                                          Martin Gillet & Co.
Established 1815.                                       Established 1832.
DIARTIN GILLET 9  COa
TO EXCHANGE PLACE, BALTIMORE,
Importers of China and Japan Teas,
Also, JAPAN FANS.
Office in Netv York, 95 Front Street.
120
Go. 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
GEO. SANDERS & SONS,
IMPORTERS AND JOBBEERS OF
85 EXCHANGE PLACE,
BAT TIMOIRE.
Rice.
"HE   Rice Market of Baltimore, without very great variation in
amount of its business, has changed considerably in its bcharac
the years of which we take especial note in this sketch.  Dome
are now consumed wholly within the United States, and fall co:
below the needs of the country; and in consequence of this, and
rates of through shipment, much of the business in home-grown R
in Charleston and New Orleans.  On the other hand, and in cons
this insufficiency, the receipts of foreign Rice have greatly increase
report of the current year shows an aggregate at least fifty per cent
of last or any previous year-say 25,000 bags as compared with 15,0
entire receipts of 1871.  In exact figures, there were received last y
bags, in 1871, 15,873 bags, and in 1870, 8,980 bags.  The report of
Rice, for the same years, shows also a slight excess in favor of 1
1870, notwithstanding the short crops in the South.
Of the foreign cargoes received, fully three-fourths are sold
consumption, but the sales for exportation to the West Indies and
abroad, are steadily increasing.  Among the kinds of Rice brought
East Indies, that called Patna Rice, said to be produced from Amer
and which has a fine, bright, slender grain, is a favorite article.
Rice is received in large quantities for shipment to the West Indies,
of very good quality, often goes largely into consumption in the Uni
J. D. EHLERS & CO.
87 SECOND STREET,'BALTIMORE..
87 SECOND STREET, BALTIMORE.
121
TBAS,, 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
Spices.
EW  articles are more generally used than manufactured Spices.  They
appear upon the table of every household in the city, and enter into the
preparation of nearly all the dishes that are served for human consumption, and yet but few are aware of the extent of their manufacture, or the
vast amount consumed. In Baltimore there are five extensive establishments
engaged in their production, besides a number of smaller houses, which do a
flourishing business. Pepper, Ginger, Cloves, Nutmegs, Mace, Cassia, Cayenne,
&c., &c., are manufactured in immense quantities, and of a character certainly
equal to the productions of the factories in any other sections of the country.
The very best materials are used by the manufacturers, and our market in
this regard is entirely independent of all others. Jobbers complete their
stocks from the home factories, and their experience is decidedly favorable to
a continuance of this system. Large capital is invested in the business, and
the gentlemen engaged in it are among our most reliable and sterling merchants. This fact gives confidence that in a trade where probity and fair
dealing are absolutely essential, dealers can purchase with the utmost
security. The manufacture of Spices in Baltimore has already assumed
large proportions, and the demand increasing every day, will doubtless lead
to an indefinite expansion of the trade in the future. The manufactured
goods are sent from this city in immense quantities to the South, West and
North-West, and to the neighboring States.
Fish.
MON —\-G the many advantages offered by the location of the City of Balti    more, are the products of the Chesapeake Bay, whose waters teem with
Fish suited to the table of the most fastidious epicure, as well as adapted
to the requirements of trade. In almost every season the markets are supplied with its offerings, and the Bay Mackerel, Potomac and Susquehanna
Shad, Sheepshead, Drum, Taylor, Rock, white and yellow Perch, and other
numerous varieties are supplied in greater quantities and more decided
excellence than can be found in any port of this or any other country. In
addition to these, large quantities of Shad and Herring are yearly caught at
the fisheries on the shores of the bay and its tributaries, which find their
way to this mart, and form an important article of trade and commerce.
Owing to the geographical position of Baltimore it is also a centre for the
distribution over its various railroads of the Fish from the British Provinces
and the New England States, and the Carolinas; the Western country being
almost entirely supplied from this Port with thesq commodities.
122 
ITS PAST IHIISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
GEO. M. LAMB.                                                EDW. L. KEMP.
Successors to GIST & WELLS,
ESTABLISHED.- - - -.  -     1852.
Nos. 126 & 128 S. EUTA W STREET,
Opposite Balto. and Ohio R. R. Depot,          BALTIMORE.
Soap and Candles.
,,HE manufacture of Soap and Candles has been carried on in Baltimore
for many years past, and there are now in the City five large factories,
with quite a number of smaller establishments.  At two of the larger
Houses, Candles are manufactured on a considerable scale. Large shipments
are made to the West Indies, and also to other foreign regions, especially Cape
of Good Hope. Notwithstanding the influences exerted against this trade by
the general use of coal oil in various forms, and the extensive introduction
of gas, the exportation from Baltimore has been at least quadrupled during
the past twenty years.
JAS. ARMSTRONG & CO.
MANUFACTURERS OF
ALL KINDS OF SOAPS
AND
Hard Pressed Tallow Candles,
CONCORD ST.
CHAS. WEBB.
THOS. ARMSTRONG.
B ALTI O E.
..  CURLT RTT,
3MAN'UFACTURERS OF
DAANIINE AND TALLW CANDLES,
ADA11AN1YINE AND TALLOW CANDLES,
Corner of Holliday and Pleasant Streets,
BALTIMORE.
123
SIx]TH 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
James Beatty.        George R. Skillman.
JAMES BEATTY & CO.
STEAM
Cracker, Cake and Ship Biscuit
B AK K E iR S,
Nos. 92, 94 and 96 Dugan's Wharf,
Aqm:A   S'EI::EX,    BA36TIMO:REN
Matches.
"jlHE manufacture of Matches was commenced in this City in 1865, under
|favorable auspices.  Experienced and skillful workmen were employed;
~  and the interest has steadily increased in importance.   At present
upwards of one hundred hands are employed, and from two hundred and
fifty to three hundred gross are daily manufactured. Both Sulphur and
Parlor Matches are made which compare favorably in quality, with those
manufactured elsewhere in the country. Baltimore is the only city south of
Wilmington, Delaware, where these very necessary articles are manufactured;
and hence the demand is very great. Besides supplying the home market,
large quantities are sent to the South, at rates certainly as favorable as are
offered in any other localities. The superiority of Baltimore Matches has
created for them a popularity in some localities, which has materially
enlarged the business. This branch of industry is growing in importance,
and the fact that all the materials necessary in the manufacture can be
purchased here, makes it specially remunerative.
WEEDON, ARMISTEAD & CO.
_MANU_IFACTURERS OF
Sulphur and Parlor Matches
13 CHEAPSIDE,
BALTIMOREN
124 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
Imported Wines and Liquors.
DN addition to the Whiskey trade of our city, quite a large business is done
in Imported Wines and Liquors.  Before the civil war, in this country,
large quantities of Brandies and superior Wines were imported into this
market. But the excessive duties afterwards imposed, caused a falling off in
the consumption. The establishment of the Bremen and Allan Lines of
Steamers, together with partial reduction in duties, have very materially
revived this branch of our commerce; and to-day Baltimore can compare
favorably with other cities both in the stock offered to buyers, and the
character of the gentlemen engaged in the business. The fashions have
somewhat changed in this branch of industry of late years. The introduction
of Lager-Beer and the cheapness of Whiskey as compared with foreign
Brandies, &c., and the finer classes of Wines, have altered to a very considerable extent the public taste, and at present large quantities of the cheaper
French and German Wines, together with heavy invoices of "Brown Stout,"
India Ales, and fermented Liquors are brought to this Port. Gin, too, is
imported in considerable quantities; and the wholesale dealers in this City
have always on hand choice selections of the finest Foreign Wines and
Liquors, and offer inducements to customers certainly not inferior to those
extended by other cities.
LAURENCE THOMSEN & CO.
IMPORTERS
OF
#,vig t i t -'* U is t" w54 1 ittot
AND DEALERS IN
FINE OLD RYE WHISKIES,
No. 114 WEST LOMBARD STREET,
NEAR CHARLES STREET,B ALTIO -
CHAS. H. MYERS & BRO.
IMPORTERS OF
RUM, SCOTCH ALE, BROWN STOUT,
SALAD OIL, CASTILE SOAP, &C.
CONSTANTLY ON HAND
CHOICE OLD  I-EI & 1BOT_T:BON W'         ISBE,
No. 72 EXCHANGE PLACE, - - BALTIMORE.
IZ5 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
GEO. P. THOMAS & CO.
DEALERS IN
Foreign and Domestic
No. 385 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore.
Whiskey.
tOR many years, Baltimore has borne a reputation deservedly high for
'M  the manufacture of fine Rye Whiskies,  and  at this writing controls
T   the markets of the United States in these grades.   The manufacture
of Whiskies of all kinds and qualities is extensively carried on in and around
the city; and the sales foot up an aggregate in barrels, which mark it as one
of our most important industries. Five Houses are at present engaged in
its production, with a capacity in the aggregate of 4,500 bushels of grain,
or from 450 to 600 barrels of the raw material daily. Fully two hundred
Houses, large and small, are engaged in the Liquor trade. Six of the larger
sell 50,000 barrels annually, while the business transacted by the others,
placing it at 50,000 barrrels, a moderate estimate, will bring the sum total of
sales, to 100,000 barrels annually. The capital invested in the-Whiskey
business in this city is about $3,000,000, while the receipts from sales,
allowing an average price of $1.50 per gallon, would aggregate $6,000,000.
Of course the large amount of Whiskey manufactured and sold here is not
all intended for home consumption.  To the extreme South, heavy shipments
of the very best grades of Rye Whiskey are made; while with the neighboring
States, the trade consists principally of inferior grades.   Massachusetts,
New York and northern Pennsylvania, also consume large quantities manufactured here. In the West, where the people have heretofore used exclusively
the Bourbon or Corn Whiskey, manufactured in the vicinity of Louisville
and Cincinnati, a taste is developing for the better grades of Baltimore "Old
Rye." The increase since the war in the manufacture and sale of Whiskey
in this city has been very decided, and the evidences furnished by the transactions of the last two years, lead to the conclusion that its expansion will be
more rapid in the future.
126 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
W'. T. WALITERS  CO.
68 EXCHANGE PLACE,
BAL TIMORE.
WHOLESALE DEALERS IN
SOLE PROPRIETORS OF THE CELEBRATED
BAKER'S PURE RYE WNVHISKEY.
127. 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
ESTABLISHED 1825
THOS. J. FLACK & SONS7
WINES AND LI QU  ORS,
52 SOUTH- STREET, BALTIMORE.
FLA C K B R O THE R S,
Distillers of Rye and Bourbon Whiskies, Rum,  Gin and Brandy,
OFFICE, 52 SOUTH STREET, BALTIMORE, MD.
Distillery, bounded by Clinton and First Streets and Fifth and Sixth Avenues.
128 
ITs PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
Grain.
1iALTIMORE,  the commercial centre of a large and wonderfully rich
agricultural region, has long been one of the leading Grain markets of
this country.  The soil and climate of the sections naturally tributary
to our city, are peculiarly adapted to the growth of cereals. Prior to the
development of the gigantic West, and the introduction and extension of
railroads, a short or full crop of Grain on the "Chesapeake" established the
value of Breadstuffs along the entire Atlantic coast.  The portions of our
country which more immediately feed the Baltimore market, comprise the
State of Maryland, a large part of Virginia, with sections of Delaware,
Pennsylvania, and North Carolina.
Those divisions which lie more directly on the Chesapeake, produce the
very finest varieties of Wheat;  unsurpassed, and probably not equalled in
quality by that grown in any other part of the world; being of a bright color,
thin skin, plump berry, and rich in gluten. The Baltimore milling demand
for this high grade Wheat, absorbs nearly the whole crop at high prices;
leaving but little or none for export, or for neighboring markets. The Corn
produced in this favored section, is also of superior quality.  "Baltimore
White Corn" is well-known, and sought after by the trade of the Atlantic
States and Great Britain whenever a high grade article for human food is
wanted. The waters of the Chesapeake furnish a rapid and cheap mode of
transportation to farmers, in vessels whose tonnage is from two to five thousand
bushels. The cargoes are taken immediately from their farms, at a cost of
five to seven cents per bushel, and reach market in one to five days.
With the radical change in the labor system, and the sub-division of farms,
this rich section of country is destined to rapid development, and great
increase of crops. It offers to capable and industrious farmers with moderate
means, the finest opportunity for location and settlement, that can now be
presented.
The completion of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and the extension of
its Western connections, together with the facilities granted by its great
competitor, the Pennsylvania Company, have caused a large increase in the
Grain trade of Baltimore during the past few years. With a wise policy, and
proper facilities extended by the management of these- Roads, we hope soon
to recover our former paramount importance; or at least to become a close
competitor with the present leading market on the coast.
An extensive Grain Elevator established by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company, facilitating the handling of Western Grain, has greatly
increased the receipts of Corn; so that Baltimore has already become a
considerable exporting Corn Port. The success attending this enterprise has
129 
rTHE MONUMENTAL CITY,
led to the projection of several others of a similar character. The Baltimore
and Ohio Railroad Company we learn will immediately build additional
Elevators, and the Pennsylvania Company having obtained desirable property
on deep water, at Canton, will soon erect another; thus enabling our Merchants eager for the trade, to handle our portion of the ever increasing
surplus of the West.
The extension of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad to Chicago, must add
largely to the receipts of our Port, and enable Northwestern Wheat to reach
foreign markets through Baltimore, at cheaper rates, and in better condition
than by any other route.
The rigid inspection of Grain established by the Corn and Flour Exchange,
together with the great care exercised by shippers, have already given to cargoes
shipped from Baltimore, a very high reputation abroad; thereby maintaining
the boasted supremacy of our market for quality. Since the establishment
of the Baltimore and Ohio Elevator, the receipts of Corn have largely
increased. For the first six months of 1872,5,908,000 bushels were received,
against 2,398,000 for the same period of the previous year; and 5,735,000
bushels for the entire year 1871. The extensive improvements and additions
to our Railroad facilities, and other causes, will in the near future magnify
our Grain trade to such proportions,- as the most sanguine amongst us can
now scarcely appreciate.
We append a table showing
market for four years:
the comparative receipts of Grain at this
1872. ~1871.
4,076,017
5,735,921
1,833,409
88,956
10,000
30,000
Total.........13,596,664
JOHN GILL  CO.
Commission and Shipping Merchants,
0ANTI ORR*
Liberal advances made on consignments of Cotton,
Grain, and other Produce, to our care.
,0o
1872.
2,456,100
9,045,465
1,959,161
90,938
10,000
35,000
1870.
3,039,357
3,831,676
1,243,720
77,778
10,000
30,000
1869.
3,249,995
3,923,563
1,171,424
177,246
10,000
30,000
Wheat..............
Corn.................
Oats..................
Rye...................
Peas..................
Beans...............
11,774,303
8,232,531
8,562,228 
U. S. BONDED STORES
AND
FREE WAREHOUSES.
The Baltimore Warehouse Company,
Chartered by the State of Maryland, January, 1867, with an authorized capital
of One Million Dollars, are prepared to
STORE MERCHANDIZE, BONDED OR FREE,
On which they will make liberal advances, if required.
OFFICE-No. 2 RIALTO BUILDINGS, SECOND STREET.
D I IR  C T 0 R S.
JOHNS HOPKINS,                W. E. HOOPER,
THOMAS KENSET,                S. M. SHOEMAKER,
HENRY JAMES,                  JAMES A. GARY,
JAMES S. WHEDBEE.
JAMES H. BARNEY, President.
C. A. FOOTE, Secretary.
Monumental Cotton Press and Warehouse,
STORAGE CAPACITY, 5,000 BALES,
URANCE MINIMUM,
WITH TWO WATER FRONTS,
CHA RLESTON S. S. WHARF, UNION DOCK.
E.G. UHTIHOFF, Proprietor.
J. M. UHTHIIOFF, Agent.
,ution for the Instr
TH AVENUE, BALT
AND OFFICERS OF THE
DI:RE]CTO:R S.
F. T. KING,
CHARLES J. BAKER,
CHARLES E. WETHERE
JOHN T. MORRIS,
E. WYATT BLANCHARI      F
JACOB TOME,
Secretary,
JOHN T. MORRIS
Physician,
AMES A. STEUART.
STORE:SI~~~~~~~~~~'~
ADJOINING]
J. HOWARD MCHENRY,
DR. WM. FISHER,
B. F. NEWCOMER,
GEORGE N. EATON,
W. W. GLENN,
JACOB TRUST,
President,
J. HOWARD McHENRY.
Superintendent,
F. D. MORRISON.        J
GEORGE S. BROWN,
JOHN GLENN,
ID,    GEORGE M. ROGERS,
WM. A. FISHER
F. W. BRUNE,
J. J. JACKSON.
Treasurer,
B. F. NEWCOMER.
Oculist,
RUSSELL MURDOCH, M. D. 
Patapsco Flouring Mills,
CHARLES A. GAMBRILL & CO., Proprietors,
P. IeILBALTIMORi E
R.G. MAcGrLL,
P..  R MACGrLL.
A. GBRIL. 
ITS PAST IHIISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
ISRAEL M. PARR.
I. M. PARR & SON,
BALTIMORE.
Flour.
REVIEW of the Flour and Meal trade naturally follows that of Grain.
The requirements of merchants engaged in the Breadstuffs trade, led to
the establishment of the Corn and Flour Exchange, where this business
is exclusively transacted.
The high character and position of the merchants engaged in this trade in
Baltimore, is proverbial, and excelled nowhere in America.   Baltimore
situated in the centre of a great Wheat growing country, has always maintained the first-class reputation as a Flour market. The Grain is obtained
principally from Pennsylvania, Virginia, Maryland, and the West. The
manufacturing capacity of our city is extensive. Large and substantial
Mills, with all modern improvements, are located upon powerful streams
within and contiguous to the city; and several large Steam Mills of great
power are favorably located. The great drought of the past few years, the
consequent diminution of water, and its interference with milling operations,
have caused some proprietors of Mills to add to their water-power, steam
engines to supply the constantly increasing demands. The Flour manufactured in Baltimore, from the high grade and fancy Maryland and Virginia
Wheat, is of well-known superior quality, and wherever introduced maintains this reputation. The highest grade for family use, such as the famous
"Patapsco" brand and others well-known, are unsurpassed, if ever equalled
in the world, and have become the standard in markets, for the best grades.
A very high grade of "Strong Flour," a quality well-known to the trade
and to bakers, is also manufactured with great care in this city for shipment
to Brazil and other South American ports. This Flour is capable of standing
long voyages to the tropics. Its quality is due to the peculiarity of the
133
HENRY A. PARR.
te~,t4s 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
Wheat grown in this section, in addition to judicious selection and careful
attention bestowed on its milling.  The proprietors of the celebrated " Rio"
brands, such as the "Mount Vernon"  and others, are very jealous and
deservedly proud of their reputation, which is equal to that of any Flour
ground and shipped from the States.  The Country and Western'Flour
received here for sale is generally of high or good grade, and is exported to
Europe and the WTest Indies, or goes into domestic consumption. Inferior
or very low grades are not received in any quantities, as they are not suitable
to the market; and merchants will not take them to the profit of the
shippers.
After continued effort by the trade, the compulsory State inspection laws
with regard to Flour, were abolished by the Legislature, and expired on the
first day of May, 1872.  These laws were always an incubus upon trade, and
resulted in giving us incompetent inspectors, (whose sole recommendation
was party fidelity,) to examine and report the quality of goods submitted to
them. We have done with them. The only inspection of Flour now with
us is voluntary. The merits of the article itself, the judgment of the buyer,
and above all, the character and reputation of the miller or seller, are the
safeguards against imposition and fraud, and these are sufficient without the
dictum of an ignoramus to "brand" the goods according to his bad judgment,
prejudice or partiality.
Our market has been singularly free from any of the disreputable practices
said to prevail elsewhere.  In fact the trade "wont stand it."  Wle look to
reputation as a guarantee of the goods.
With the opening and extension of the various arteries of trade, we confidently look forward to a rapid development of the Flour Trade of this Port,
together with an increase of receipts of Western Wheat, and a large addition
to our milling capacity.
The following table will show the receipts of Flour at this market for the
last four years:
1872.........................................................1,175,967
1871.........................................................1,123,028
1870.........................................................1,117,314
1869.........................................................1,051,251
In addition to the trade of Flour, large quantities of White Corn are ground
in and around the city for domestic consumption, and for the contiguous
country. Yellow Corn, kiln-dried, ground and packed in barrels for shipment to the West Indies, and British Provinces, is an important article of
manufacture and commerce.  HIlominy, prepared from a peculiar variety
of Maryland white Corn of superior quality, is manufactured on a large
scale, and meets with a great domestic and export demand.
13,4:
bbls.
cc
c c
1, 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
aSOUTH ST, WOOD ST. and BOWLY'S WHARFt
SOUTHf ST., WOOD ST. and B0WLY'S WHARF,
RAIN ENTRANCE ON SOUTH STREET.
S. SPRIGG BELT, - -.. —---— I —-—. President.
J. AM. GINR VIN and GEO. F. ANDERSON, - - - - - Vice Presidents.
R. A. WYLIE, - - - Treasurer.  I WM. F. WHEATLEY, - Secretary
EXECUTIVE COHNMITTEE:
i. F. TU]INER,     JOHNV GILL,     A. WN GOLDSBO]TOUGH.
)OAFD OF pItECTOFS FOR 1873.
HIERMIAN WILLIA3MS, ALLEN DORSEY, THOS. 1. DAIL,
EDWIN HEWES,      HAIRRY McCoy, GEO. P. WILLIAR,
GEO. F. ANDERSON, X. M. WYLIE,   H. F. TURNER.
A.W.GOLDSBOROUGH, S. SPRIGG BELT,
it tIorn a1n  ~Iour xTtl2a1nlr, of ~aiinrc., was established in 1853, for the promo  tion of the general business of the city, but more particularly for the facilitation of trade in
Breadstuffs, and the convenience of parties engaged therein. Since its establishment, having
grown in the confidence and esteem of the community, it has of necessity attracted many
associate interests, and has thus become the leading and most influential commercial organization
in the city. Its usefulness and influence are being constantly extended. Inaugurated in 1853.
incorporated under general laws in 1855, its charter amended several times, as the wants and
experience of the trade demanded, it finally received from the State in 1870, an ample charter,
giving the Directors more complete control, with power to establish and maintain the highest
tone of commercial morality.
The Exchange is governed by a Board of fifteen Directors, elected annually. The Presi dent, Vice Presidents and Treasurer are elected by and from the Board.
Qualification for membership requires the applicant to be a citizen of the State, engaged
in business in Baltimore, and election by the Executive Committee.
The charge for Membership is $50 initiation fee, and $20 yearly subscription. Firms
cannot become members as such. Each and every individual doing business on the floor, must
become a member. Clerks are admitted, to transact business only for their employers paying
the yearly subscription.
Strangers are admitted by card, upon the introduction of a member.
The main Hall in the Exchange Building is furnished with tables for the exposition of
samples, the yearly rental of which is one, two and three dollars, according to size. The
occupancy of these tables for the grain is sold at public auction; premiums for the choice
ranging from $25 to $150. Much excitement prevails at these Annual Sales.
The roll of membership for the year 1872 contained 464 names.
135
JAS. E. TYSON,
FRANK HERSCH,
J. M. GIRVIN,
JOHN GILL, 
AN.
C.
0
qi
t4
9
GEORGE F. WEBB, FLOUR, GRAIN AND GENERAL COMMISSION MERCHANT, 130 NORTH T., BALTIMORE.
Liberal Advances mrade on Consignments,                          Adjoining the Northern Central Railroad Depot.
l
i
l 
-' t vl
FLOUR. GC
"I. Ii 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
WM. E. WOODYEAR.          GEO. R. VICKERS, JR.
WM. E. WOODYEAR & CO.
Merchant Millers,
"utVernon" Extra 
de, suitable for Shipment to the Tr
CABLE STREET, BALTIMORE.
ISAAC f. DENSON.
~  
AND
GENERAL DEALERS,
No. 61 Sou-tl -t
BALTIMORE.
ALSO AGENTS
" RI AL Pe JUW R ].E"LL
B. DEFORD WEBB.
]L. WVEtIBB & SON,
SOLE AGENTS FOR TIE SALE OF
DS POWDER AND SAFETY FUSE,
.TT AND  CON  IMEROE STRESETS
BALTIMORE.
nnment all Kinds of Western Produce, and make Advances thereon.
137
"'ount
JOHN D. QUINCY.
{oi5 tt~a5
Gay
-"   t -, r,           a " 
THE MONU-MENTAL CITY,
Pearl Hominy.
MONG the novel and interesting business features of Baltimore, may be
i -mentioned a large Mill for the preparation of Pearl Hominy.   But
recently established, it has rapidly extended its capacity until at present
2,500 bushels of Corn are daily consumed in its operations. Kiln-Dried
Pearl Hominy, Grits, Pearl Maizene, Corn Flour, &c., &c., are prepared in
immense quantities.   Corn  Flour, a new article when mixed with bread
made of AXheat Flour, gives to it additional whiteness, and causes it to retain
its freshness much longer than that made exclusively of Wheat Flour.  The
articles prepared at this establishment are shipped to different sections of the
United States; and of late a foreign trade has grown up, orders having been
received from Paris, Liverpool, London and Glasgow.   The  most flattering
inducements are offered to purchasers in this market.
BALTIMORE PEARL HOMINY CO.
KILN-DRIED PEARL HOMI1NY, AND GRITS, PEARL MAIZENE,
CORN FLOUR, CORN MEAL, AND CHOP.
ALL ORDERS FILLED PROMPTLY.
OWNERS AND M         TANU:FACTUEI::TERS OF:
WRIGHT'S PATENT BUCKEYE HOMINY MILL,
North and Belvidere Sts., Baltimore.
WMX. KNABE & CO.
PIANO-FORTE MANUFACTUlERS, SQUARE, GRAND AND UPRIGHT,
Ware-Rooms, Vo. 350 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore,
112 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY.
138 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
Malt.
IN connection with the extensive manufacture of Lager-Beer in our city,
there are several large establishments for the production of Malt, an
' ingredient which enters largely into the composition of Beer. Six Malt
Houses are now in operation, with an aggregate capital of $1,500,000,
employing three hundred hands. The principal element used in the manufacture of Malt is barley.  This grain is grown upon an extensive scale only
in Western New York, the Western States, and Canada.
The establishment of these large Malt Houses, and the consequent demand
for the grain, has led to efforts on the part of our enterprising agriculturalists
to produce barley, and the experiments of several have resulted so favorably,
that they have been encouraged to make other and more persistent efforts.
The demand for Beer is not likely to decrease. The numerous Breweries
already established are in a flourishing condition, and others are constantlybeing
started.  The sales from the Malt establishments sum up probably $5,000,000,
with a tendency to increase.  Some of our capitalists are engaged in the
business, and the flourishing condition of the trade invites money from abroad.
Am.  Snabst  V.,  ltano-  orte  (anufacturers,
Ware.-Rooms, No. 350 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore.
112 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY.
Candies and Foreign Fruits.
MAIONG the branches of trade which have given impetus to the growth of
our city, and have decidedly ministered to its importance as a commercial
centre, may be mentioned the trade in Candies and Foreign Fruits. The
two are so thoroughly joined, that separate consideration of them would
perhaps be out of place. In New York City, specialties seem to be the
tendency of the trade. One house will import Mediterranean Fruits; another
will deal entirely in West Indian goods; while a third will expose for sale
only the products of the Canton trade. In Baltimore this is not the case.
Quite a number of large and imposing buildings have been erected by our
Candy and Fruit dealers, which stand out as conspicuous monuments of the
enterprise of the firms which constructed them, as well as handsome additions
to the esthetic features of our city.  Candy, French or American, Mediterranean Fruits, such as Oranges and Lemons from Sicily, Almonds and Raisins
from Malaga, Raisins from Valencia, Currants, Citron, Figs, Dates, Prunes,
Sardines, Canton Ginger, Fire-Crackers, &c., &c., can be purchased at any of
these Houses upon terms as advantageous as are offered by any market in the
139 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
country, with the additional facility to buyers of being able to fill their entire
order in one large establishment, instead of being compelled to go from one
House to another, as in other cities, with the cost of drayage, &c. Baltimore
is entirely independent of any other city in the Candy and Fruit trade. The
business has increased fourfold within twenty years. Five hundred hands
are employed, and a capital of more than one million dollars is invested in
the business.   The facilities which her geographical position and varied
industries give her in this regard, are such, that the merchants can offer their
goods at the lowest market prices. Refined Sugar, which is the ingredient
in the manufacture of Candies, can be secured at our great Sugar Refineries;
and this is the only article used in the production of Candy in Baltimore, as
no adulteration has ever yet been practiced or detected upon home goods in
the market.   In regard to the Mediterranean Fruit trade, much could be
said, but our space is limited. The enterprising gentlemen who are connected
with it, by a series of successful operations, have gradually enlarged their
business until at present Baltimore can boast of one of the most extensive
Mediterranean Fruit importing houses in the country. In addition to their
regular trade in the articles already enumerated, these parties are now
importing large quantities of Brimstone from Sicily to supply the extensive
manufactories of Chemicals, Acids and Phosphates in this city.  The annual
consumption of Brimstone for the above purposes in Baltimore, is about five
thousand tons, all of which it is designed to import direct to this market.
WILLIAM BRIDGES7
WHOI.ESALE DEAI,ER IN
Foreign Fruits, Nuts, Candies,
HERMETICALLY SEALED FRUITS,
313 }IFKST BA4LTINAI OPE ST.
Baltimore, Md.
CHAS. PRACHT & CO.
STEAM
AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN
Nos. 155 and 157 Franklin Street,
BALTI MIORE.
140 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.              141
John G. Clarke.                                William H. Jones.
CANDY MANUFACTURERS,
-                                                                 I-           -                  I
ii                             ~
___                        II____  1II    I                     - -
I                           1      CRAcKERS PlCK1  I   I!
AND WTHOLE,SAL-E DEALEluS IN
FOREIGN FRUITS, NUTS, &c.
No. 15 Light St., Cotr. German, 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
The Jobbing Trade.
.~HE Jobbing Trade of Baltimore has kept pace with her increasing
importance as a commercial and manufacturing city.  Its various depart +o ments, such as Dry Goods, Groceries, Hardware, Notions, Boots  and
Shoes, Hats and Caps, Clothing, Books and Stationery, Queensware, Straw
Goods and Millinery, Drugs, &c., &c., are fully up to the standard, and will
compare favorably with those of any other city in this country. As a general
rule these departments are in the hands of old and established Houses, whose
proprietors are among our most highly esteemed and responsible citizens, who
have been educated to their calling, and whose natural tastes and judgment
have been strengthened by the experience of a lifetime, and a thorough
rational application to business. Many branches of the Jobbing Trade not
enumerated above are successfully conducted in this city: and the number of
new establishments and branches of old ones, is a clear indication of the prosperity of the Trade, as well as the growth of the City. The stock carried by
these Houses embraces full supplies from all the best factories in the United
States, and the choicest selections of goods fromn foreign countries.   The
Lines of Steamers between this City and the Ports of Europe, furnish facilities
for the importation of the most desirable goods at lower rates than at any
other Port.  The port charges are lighter, ship supplies cheaper, and the
difficulties in the way of shipping comparatively trifling. Since the establishment of steam communication between Baltimore and Europe, our
merchants engaged in the Jobbing Trade have displayed an energy and
enterprise which command admiration. They make regular trips to Great
Britain, and the continent of Europe for the purchase of goods; and the
articles imported are selected under their own inspection.  Baltimore is
largely independent of the Eastern Cities, in her Wholesale Jobbing Trade;
and bids fair in a short time to compare favorably with New York, as a
distributing market. In each department there are Houses contending for
business, and making of course the most active competition, thus reducing
prices to minimum rates. Her proximity to the South and West, offers
inducements to merchants from those sections, which cannot be lightly
estimated.   The trade in Dry Goods, Groceries, Hardware, Clothing, Boots
and Shoes, Hats and Caps, Millinery Goods and Notions is particularly
active; and the rival Houses engaged spare no pains to make their stock as
full and complete as possible; so that the taste of every section may be
gratified, and favorable prices assured. The Jobbing Trade, comprehending
a large number of important interests, necessitates the employment of a vast
142 
ITS PAST IHIISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
capital, which in this city aggregates many millions of dollars. It is not
unreasonable to infer, that in the near future Baltimore will become the great
reservoir of supplies for the entire South, South-West, and many portions of
the Central-West.  Many of the great manufactories of the country have
agencies here, selling at factory prices.
The attractions of Baltimore as a Jobbing centre, are so well-known to the
local Retail Trade, embracing within itself some of the most intelligent
dealers in the country, that they are content to buy at home. The closest
buyers have tried rival markets  time  and again, without advantage of
prices or terms. Capital, competition, and a thorough knowledge of business, have accomplished for Baltimore quite as much as for the more
northern Cities. Our City for the quality and variety of goods, is fully
equal to New York; and the market will be found always adequate to
the demand.
Although Baltimore is not so large a market as New York, it is yet larger
than New York formerly was, when it commanded the entire trade of the
country; and sufficiently so, for the general demands of its present trade.
The merchants, ill view of the rapidly augmenting trade, have increased their
facilities; and to-day extend all the inducements which can be offered by
any other city in the country.
Chauncey Brooks.
It             FI I
JOBBERS IN
w   ~-~~f
No. 346 Baltimore Street,
BALTIMORE.
143
Isaac Thrasher. 
144
~ Mo~~MNTAL CIETY;,
W~~~~~~~~~~~ill."iam  D~Rj.  ChrDeanDeries oS  ilamRi.re   S~lnolomo ]immneii
7 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~             7/ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I      iii~
Wm. I)Ovies &, CCO.,Wh olesale Dealers in                            r   od 
312 VV  13AL,,r'oRIE ST., (i3 Z'Oore~ign,&ome~i - ycoos& otions,
""I-e 11-ward and Liberty,) 13ALT.110R.M
William Devi,s.                   Christian D,vries, of s. 
P,,S-il  PF CLOUD FC-    A  J IJ J  
I!) i,i;~ 273 W.  Baltimore St.
ii~~~~~~~~~~~~~I ILiDR iiiS
~~__~>.    __BAL  TIMTORE.
BBLIFF, FAULKNER & G0.
Successors to BAKER, BRUFF & CO.
Improrter's and Wholesale Dealers in
FOREIGN & DOMESTIC
JOSEPH E. BRUFF.
ALFRED B. FAUTJLKNER.                       BALTI ORE 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
HAMILTON EASTER & SONS,
BALTIlIMORE,
Importers, Jobbers and Retailers
OF
DRY GOO'Ss
BOTH
SF  t                    0 t
One of the firn spends most of h         is time in the Capitals of Europe, in the seleetion of Fabrics stited to our
own and the Souther7   narkets, securine thereby the
latest 7ovelties of each season.
We buy and sell exclusively for Cash, and'iluarantee as low prices as any House in the country.
Samples of Goods sent by mail on application.
Freight prepaid on purchases at Retail amounting
to $20 and over.
146 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
]EST'BLISIIED 1846.
DANIEL MILLER & CO.
IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS OF
1 5 0~ ~~~h~L
I,R\~9qqb;\\J
NOTIONS,
WEKY~B GO('BL~'E &e,
329 Baltimore Street,
44 German Street.
SOLE IMPORTERS OF THE CELEBRATED BRAND
DANIEL MILLER BLACK ALPACAS
Speoial inducements to cash or prompt time Buyers.
147 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
SILK AND DRESS COODS
GEORGE H. C. NEAL,
IMPORTER AND JOBBER OF
WHITE GOODS, LINENS, SHAWLS,
WHITE GOODS, LINENS, SHAWLS,~~
A LIVE HOUSE.
3EO4 E) - 3? EL X
Corner Baltimore and HIolliday Streets,
Business Established 1816.
COAS. SIMION & SONS,
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN
Ffteig,R i ea-ndd tle
En lt Y G OO DS.....
No. 63 NORTH HOWARD STREET,
BALTIMO RE.
CHAS. SIMON. HERMAN SIMON.  ADOLPH SIMON.  EDMUND SIMON.  AUGUST SIMON.
W. H. Perkins.                           Samuel Beva,n.
PERKINS & CO.
22 N. Charles Street, Baltimore,
FAMILY DRY GOODS HOUSE
Offer, at low prices, a large stock of
Ladies' Dress Good, Shawls. Velvets, Real Laces, Embroideries,
,White Goods, Mourning Goods, Irish Linens, Hosiery,
Gloves, Housekeeping Dry Goods, Men's Wear,
9ELEG ANT FAN C ARTICLES
148
HOUSE.
DOMESTICS.
X" "3&LTI Et 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
ESTABLISHED IN 1837
Edgar G. Miller.
*Smucei U e~vvIi & foe
IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS IN
D RY D& ODM& - OT[ -O IlNS
279 BALTIMORE STREET,
Balti Dore.
MAYER & BROTHER,
IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS OF
WiHITE GOODS
German, English and French Fancy Goods,
o4; NORTH HOWARD STREET,
NYo. 4 -SVO R T- -f OWiAR.D S TREBET,
pALTIMO~E.
TAYLOR & PRICE,
IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN
SWISS, FRENCH AND NOTTINGHAM CURlTAINS,
UPHOLSTERY COODS,
Curtains and Window Shades,
ALL KIND CABINET MAKERS' MATERIALS,
No. 11 North Charles Street,
B3ALTIMORE.
149
Samuel Bevan.
Wm. A. Williar. 
THE NIONUMENTAL CITY,
ESTABLISHED IN 1846.
HOIIGES BRO THERS
23 Hanover Street,
Direct Importers of British and Continental
, ID  m~di
srisa t
And every description of
+.0
~~~>;;~>t _9 r at
ALSO,
White Goods, Handkerchiefs, Shawls,
Laces, Hosiery, Underwear,
Gloves, Umbrellas
and Parasols,
Together with a large and well assorted stock of
Gentlemen's Furnishing Goods
AND NOTIONS CENERALLY.
One of our firm, having made purchasing trips to Europe, semi-annually
for nineteen years, and buying all our domestic goods for cash, we have great
confidence in assuring the Trade that our Foreign and American business is
on a footing that defies competition. Merchants, not dealing with us, are
invited to make our acquaintance when they next visit Baltimore. Our stock
can be examined without much labor, as the use of steam elevators renders
the ascent of staircases unnecessary.
150
3EN    X 3V Et 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT R]ESoURCES.
HURST, FURNELL &
Importers and Wholesale Dealers in
American, English, German and
No 241 Baltimore Street,
L B. PURNELL,
A...MD.UX,            BAT-TIMOREAL. L. JACKSON.
JOHNSON, SUTTON & CO,
IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS OF
No. 296 Baltimore Street,
AND
No. 1 N1. Liberty Street,
BALTIMORE.
Ofer special advantages to cash and short time buxyers.
'151
French 
152                    THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
~~~~q                      O~       Ij\            ji 
IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN
WHITE GOODS, NOTIONS,
TRIMIMINGS, HOSIERY,
GLOVES and SMALL WARES,
W. Baltimore Street,
BALTImIORE.
MANUFACTURERS AGENTS FOR AND IMPORTERS OF
:~~~~
-                                            97O~
_- White Goods,
a~bbeE.
IJA ons
315 BALTIMORE STREET,
BALITIJMORE.
A. W. FITZHUGH.    S. B. HOOPMAN.
S. H. BROSTT7US.
STT,AS BROSIUS. 
THEI MONUMENTAL CITY, ITS PAST HIITORY, ETC.
kTBLI1H   -  -   -.  -''''..
IMPORTERS,
W. MALLINCKRODT & SON,
22 G:ERiV/AN STRIEEBT,
BALTIMORE,
OF
Cloths, Doeskins a'nd Cassimeres.
Robert Moore & Bro.
IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS OF
-  p
No. 233 BALTIMORE STREET,
BALTIMORE.
dOHN A. G,IFFITH & Co.
Importers and Manufacturers of
TAILoGS' TRIiMMIN\S
Baltimore, 219 W. Baltimq ore Street.
Cinlcintati, cot. Fourth and  Waltut Sts.
Henry Bogue.                        Robt. H. Bogue.
N. E. cor. Charles & Baltimore Sts.    54 Sixth Street,
BALTIMORE, PITTSBURGH,
IMPORTERS OF
Cloths, Doeskins, Worsted Serges, Drapd' Etes,
SILK SERGES & SATINS DE CHINES, VELVETS, ITALIANS,
And  all Kinds of Tailors' Trimmings.
10
153
ESTA
1S41. 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
W11t, P. MAGEE,
No. 60 North Eutaw St., Baltimore,
IMPORTER OF
ElI[ES, -HOSIEl-Y,
AND
GENTLEMEN'S FURNISHIIING GOODS,
MANUFACTURER OF
Shirts, Cuffs, Collars, Drawers and Undershirts.
i.
iIAGEE'S' 
/ I.1PROVED 
tTTERN 
Great ]ii(ducemenets to Wholesale Trade.
Importers, Manufacturers and Dealers in
Saddlery Hardware & Coach Furniture
OILS, PAINTS, VARNISHES, IRON AND STEEL,
HORSE COVE-RS, LAP RUGS ANI) FLY NETS.
DEPOT AND BALTIMORE AGENTS FOR
Hlenry's Patent One Plate Springs,
Sheldon's Archimedian Axles,
Brinton & Johnson's Philadelphia Axle Works,
Burdick's Punch, Shear and Iron Shrinker,
Taylorville Spoke Works,
Saddle Trees, Bits,Stirups &c..
DEPOT FO
Dolls'  Hub Boxing Machines and Drills, Bellow's Patent Creasers  and
Trace Raisers, Perkin's Patent Hair Beaters, Seitzes' Baltimore
Wagon Hames, Mlanheim's Pressed Harness Loops,
Wilcox & Smith's 5th Wheels and Shackles.
Baltimore Street, between Howard and Eutaw,
*BALTIMOBE.
ESTABLISH:ED 18283
ALLEN PAINE, SON & CO.
IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN
I &R R im &rt
IRON AND STEELS,
No. 2 SOUTH LIBERTY STREET,
BALTIMO IRE.
154
STEAM MADE BOSOMS. 
I.P ORTER S
FOREIGN FANCY GOODS,
200 W BALTLTIORE ST.
. F. Carlin.   D. C. Fulton.:. F. Bradenbatuh.
Carlin & Fulton,
IMIPORTERS OF
2VN. G. Pektnittia,i.
Friantcis A lber-t.
PENNIMAN &  BR.            CiIOjO.I,
Importers & Wholesale Dealers
AN
DOMESTIC 
j)d,att, are
NO. 10 NORTH HOWARD ST-, I 
t,to d
Special Attentiost G'iveni to Orders.
.John H. Daniel.
.f. A4. ~;larksoti.
IN
AND
BALTIMORE. 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
HARDWARE
COMMISSION HOUSE.
Nos. 23 and 25 South Charles Street,
BALTINIORc),
Manufacturers' Agents for the Sale of
Chesapeake Nail Works' Best Cut Nails and Spikes,
Mallory, Wheeler & Co.'s Locks, Knobs and Pad-Looks,
Stanley Rule and Leve] Co.'s Rules, Levels, Squares, &c.
R. Mann's Superior Axes,
American Butt CO.'s Hinges, &c.
Naylor & Co.'s Best Cast Steel,
Newton Nail Rods,
Plymouth Tack Co.'s Tacks and Nails,
Savery's Enamelled and Tinned Ware.
ALSO HEADQUARTERS FOR
American Screw Company's Screws,
Disston's Saws,
Ames & Rowland's Shovels and Spades,
Moss & Gamble's Files,
Baltimore Standard Blacksmiths' Bellows,
Stewart's Iron Wire and Galvanized Wire,
Ohio Tool Co.'s Planes,
AND A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF
I HARDWARE.
1536
HO U SE.
AMERICAN 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
SAM'L G. B. COOK,
Hardware Manufacturers' Agent,
BAYITIMO  IE,
Representing the folloiving 3anuIacturers:
Branford Lock Works,             Carr, Crawley & Devlin,
Door Locks, Knobs, &c.   Building & Cabinet Hardware.
A. Field &  Sons,                William McNiece,
Tacks, Shoe Nails, etc.   Hand, Panlel, Rip&other Saws.
Sanseer Mfg. Co's Plate'Locks,  Abbe's Gong Door Bells.
Roy & Co's Wrought                           Peck Bros. Brass
Hinges.                                      Cocks.
Clark's, Lull & Por-       N AILS, Fenn's Faucets and
ter's, and luffer's  A SA'L G. B. COOK,      Cork Stops.
Pat. Blind Hinges.  \\   AGENT.          Mersereau's Stair
Chattillon's Balances                          Rods.
United States Screw Co's American Screws.
Douglass Manufac'g Co's
Chisels, Gauges, Drawing
Knives, Augers, Bitts, Gim   blets, Boring Machines, etc.
Cook's Patent Augers & Bitts.
Chapin's
Rules, Levels, Gauges, &c.
Bridgeport Brass Co's
Sheet Brass, Copper Wire,
Copper and Iron Rivets.
Ives & Co's
Patent Hollow Augers, Tap
Borers, Braces, Augers
and Bitts.
"Continental" & "Great Amer
ican" Horse Nails.
"A No. I Anchor" Sad Irons.
BHartje, Wiley & Co's
Enamnelled Kettles and Sauce    pans.
AND A FULL ASSORTMENT OF
Shelf and Heavy Hardware
FOR SALE AT MANUFACTURERS' PRICES.
1,57
C. S. Planters' Hoes. 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY, ITS PAST HISTORY, ETC.
TAIL 0 R'S
HATS, FURS AND UMBRELLAS,
Opposite Barnum's Hotel,
R. Q. TAYLOR,
WM. W. PRETZMAN,
G. E. S. LANSDOWNE.
BALX1T! 0
Millinery.
,HE  Millinery business of Baltimore is one of her leading industries.  In
addition to the domestic goods manufactured in this city, and other sec i tions of the United States, large quantities of the choicest goods are
imported from abroad for this market.  The largest House in the country,
and perhaps the oldest, is located in this city. It was established in 1813,
and by enterprise and prudence, has developed into its present proportions.
The Firm occupies four buildings, two as warehouses and two for the transaction of its daily business. The clerical force of the establishment numbers
seventy-two persons, in addition to which, seventy females are employed (in
the Work Rooms) in the manufacture of Millinery.  White Goods, an interest
which is largely represented in many of our leading Jobbing Houses, has
been made an especial feature of their business.   In connection with this
Establishment, is a Firm, engaged Extensively in the manufacture of Ladies'
Hats, &c. These hats are made exclusively for the Millinery Establishment
mentioned above, aid during the months of March, April, May, June, September, and October, one hundred females are constantly engaged in their
manufacture. It will thus be seen that a single establishment in our city for
the manufacture and sale of Millinery, and the sale of White Goods, gives
employment during the greater lportion of the year to two hundred and fifty
persons.  Their imiportations are very large; two Buyers, one for the White
Goods Department, and the other for the Millinery, being employed for the
selection and purchase of foreign goods; and only such as are superior in
quality and design to those manufactured in our own country are offered to
the Trade in this city.  The Southern trade with Baltimore in this branch of
industry is very great; while of late years, extensive connections have been
formed with the West, and a heavy business is done in the States of Ohio,
Indiana, Kentucky, Kansas, and Mlissouri.
I
158. 
___            -                                 ____             i~~~~~''~   J~~\W
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Jetue T, ligglnn.
Wiii. D. Barrett.
BARRAETT & HIQ GGINJS
MANUFACTURERS AND JOBBERS OF
HATS, CAPS, STRAW GOODS AND LADIES' FURS,
244 West Baltimore Street,    BALTIMORE. 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY, ITS PAST HISTORY, ETC.
The Shoe and Leather Trade.
HE Shoe and Leather Trade of Baltimore is one of immense and daily
increasing importance.  Few persons in our midst are aware of its mag   nitude.  It is authoritatively stated, that this interest is the largest after
that of Agriculture, in America; the exhibit of official statistics placing it
thirty-three per centumn above those of cotton and wool combined. For many
years New England, comparatively speaking, monopolized the trade in this
country, and of late years Philadelphia acquired quite a reputation for fine
work, in so much, that Southern and Western buyers were attracted to that
city, to make their purchases of fancy goods. The Trade has recently undergone a very decided change in this regard.  Tanneries have multiplied rapidly
in Maryland, and factories for the manipulation of their products, have increased in corresponding ratio in our city. The Line of Steamers established
between this Port and Boston, and known as the "Boston and Baltimore
Steamship Company," has had much to do with this rapid increase in the
trade; but the sagacity and energy of the gentlemen who have embraced this
branch of business, have been the main springs of its prosperity. There are
at present in Baltimore twenty-six wholesale Manufactories, working thirtyone McKay machines, each machine making from two hundred and fifty to
three hundred pairs of Shoes per day, and arrangements are now being made to
organize several new factories on a large scale. During the past year, great
improvements have been made in the style and quality of the goods manufactured here. Southern and Western buyers need no longer go to Philadelphia,
to obtain their supplies. As fine and stylish Shoes are made in Baltimore, as
can be produced anywhere in the country; and this fact has come to the
knowledge of the trade throughout the South and West, who are already dis playing an appreciation of it, by resorting to this market to make their
purchases.   The terms obtained here, are as favorable as can be secured
anywhere else in America. As an evidence of the solid growth of the trade,
it may be as well to mention, that not a single failure has ever occurred
among the manufacturers, and those who have begun with small capital, and
very meagre stock, have been encouraged to enlarge their sphere of operations,
and enter into competition with old and established Houses. About three
years ago the Baltimore Shoe and Leather Board of Trade was established,
and its influence has been very beneficial to the growth of this branch of
industry. It has endeavored to bring about a proper state of feeling between
the laborer and capitalist, and ward off the strikes, so destructive to the true
interests of any business, and in the main it has been successful. The officers
of the Shoe and Leather Association are as follows: President, Henry C.
Smith; Vice Presidents, Jas Carey, Geo. J. Appold, T. J. Magruder, Wm. F.
Larrabee; Recording Secretary, E. S. Allnutt; Corresponding Secretary,
Arthur P. Baer; Treasurer, Wm. T. Dixon.
161 
THE  MONUMENTAL CITY,
The manufacture of Boots and Shoes gives employment to at least four
thousand persons, the average weekly salary being $22 for men, and $12 for
women and girls. The Rubber trade, a branch of the Shoe business, has
assumed large proportions.   From a statement of  the President of  the
Shoe and Leather Board of Trade, we give the following statistics for 1872:
Sales of boots and shoes by jobbers and retailers...... $8,500,000
Rubbers sold................................................... 500,000
Manufacturers................................................. 6,600,000
Auction sales.................................................. 500,000
$16,100,000
Sales of leather about...................................... 3,000,000
Sales of hides............................................... 1,256,000
$20,356,000
Most of the Leather (over two-thirds of the hides) is tanned in Maryland,
and one-third is consumed by the factories of Baltimore, while a very large
amount is exported to New York city, Philadelphia, Rochester and other
places.
The rapid growth of the trade, made necessary about two years ago the
addition by the Baltimore and Boston Steamship Company, of another firstclass Steamer to their Line, making in all six fine Steamers plying between
this Port and Boston; and these having been found insufficient to accomodate
the rapidly increasing trade between these two Ports, another splendid
Steamer has been ordered, and will be ready for the line by the first of September, 1873. As was said above, the gentlemen engaged in this branch of
business by their high character, and substantial position in the community,
are a sufficient guarantee to purchasers from abroad, that they will receive
here, what they buy, and at prices which compare favorably with those elsewhere offered.
TUCKER, SMITH & CO.
Manufacturers ana Wholesale Dealers in
250 Baltimore Street,
W. A. TUCKER,
H C. SMITH.
S. B. SPRAGINS.
BALTIlOREN
162
I'~t 14,            -t,,A - 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESFWT RESOUROCES.         163
i'r
fp
La~~i                                        \'
C:)  ~         F 
V2           ~ 
C:
rn                     I'
-                       _________','iii'(
I?'
:i r 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
DEVRIES, YOUNG & CO.
WILLIAM DEVRIES,
ALEXANDER YOUNG,
S. K. G. DE VIIES.
WllOL BAL]
BOUTS AND SHOES
310 W. Baltimore Street,
BALTIMORE, MD.
We invite the Trade to an examination of our stock, which consists
principally of warranted work, made by best factories at home and abroad.
Satisfaction guaranteed.
WILLIAM  F. CLAUTICE.
ADORAMI PHELPS.
CHAUNCEY BROOKS.
DAVID G. ROGERS.
BROOKS, ROGEtRS&O
WHOLESALE DEALERS IN
:%jes "   I
346 BALTIMORE
B]altilore.
164
& CO.
ST. 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.    165
JNO. J. &- S. J. HURST,
WHOLESALE DEALERS IN
286 W. BALTIMORE STREET,
Nearly Opposite Sharp Street,  BA3LTIMORES
.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
FRANK F. HORNE'R & G{0.
WHOLESALE
BufOe!S AHD Sexiest
RUBBER GOODS, ETC.
343  W. Baltiitore Street, Baltiitore, M1d,
PERRY, CLARK & CO.
MANUFACTURERS OF
WOMEN'S, MISSES'& CHILDREN'S
Machine and Hand-Made Shoes.
With capacity and facilities for making One Thousand pairs of Shoes daily, we are enabled
to fill orders promptly.
ESTABLISHIEID  IIN 13842,
Thirty years' practical experience enables us to produce Stylish, Substantial Goods, that will
give satisfaction to the consumer, and reputation to the dealer.
PERRYl, CLARK & CO., 9 L. Charles St., Baltimore.
RUSSELL & ALGER,
MANUFACTURERS AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN
No. 25 SOUTH HOWARD ST., (New Building,)
P.J AR MI A RGELRL.      General  Partners.
JAMES A. GARY, Special Partner.                        ~ 
166                  TH~~~~'IIFE  MO-NUM~NENTA%L- CITY,
~~ EL:BOCIM
5~~~~~~~~IitI -,I               II
AND
-N~   S. CAL VERT STRET
166 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
JOHN D. HAMMOND.                          HENRY A. ANTHONY.
JOHN D. HAMMOND & CO.
SADDLE, HARNESS, TRUNK
AND
Collar Manufacturerr,...
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL,
361 West Baltimore Street,
(    Opposite the "Eutaw House,")
TB   I    0 ~ E -
ROBTE LAWSON & CO.
MANUFACTURERS OF
SADDLES, HARNESS, TRUNKS & COLLARS,
ALSO, DEALERS IN
Robes, Horse Covers, Whips, Traveling Bags, &c,
N. B.-We are largely engaged in manufacturing
BUGGY SADDLES.
No. 277 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore.
2       19 WEST BALTIORE STET, BALTIORE
219 WEST BALTIMORE STRECET, BALTIMIORE,
Manufacturers' Agent, Importer and Dealer in
Of every description. Also,
Cotton and Woolen Factory Supplies. Leathler and Rubber Machine Belting,
Hose andl Packing, Patent Lace Leather, Rubber Boots, Shoes and
Clothing;r, Elastic Stockings and Knee-('aps, Eniglish Table
Oil Cloths, Umnbrellas. Trunks and Traveling Bags.
J. C. BALDERSTON                 J, H. WARD.
BALDERSTON, WARD & CO.
ACEN ITS
NA.I0A 1ESSE                   t.,.(!
"MCCREE[RY BUILDING,"
Baltimnore.
167 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
Maryland Life Insurance Co.
No, 10 South Street, Baltimore.
Paper.
INMONG the many interests that have rapidly developed of late years in our
city, may be mentioned the manufacture and sale of Paper.  Fifteen vears
ago but one or two paper-mills were in operation in the State, while
$200,000 would probably have covered the capital invested in its production
and sale. To-day the capital employed in this branch of industry, will not
fall far short of $4,000,000, and the gentlemen engaged in it are among our
most substantial and reliable citizens. Numbers of mills have been established
along the streams accessible from Baltimore.   Large numbers of operatives
are employed, and nearly all the different varieties of paper known to the
Trade, are manufactured as cheaply and of as good quality as at any similar
establishments in the country. In fact, with the exception of the finest kinds
of writing paper, paper of any grade manufactured in our own State, can be
bought in Balimore at as low prices as in any city in America, and the large
wholesale dealers are ready to guarantee the statement.   Straw wrapping
Paper that originally came exclusively from New York is now manufactured
in such quantities by our wholesale dealers, as to render the home market
entirely independent. Straw-Print, RIag-Print, No. 2 Book, No. 1 Super, are
all staple productions of the mills; and several large establishments are now
engaged in the manufacture of bogus Manilla and No. 1 Manilla.  In the
single article of Printing-paper, upwards of 50,000 pounds are manufactured
daily in this State. Indeed in the manufacture of Book and Printing paper,
New York is made to pay tribute to our city. The mills engaged in supplying
the wholesale dealers in Baltimore, are extensive, and fitted with the most
costly and thoroughly improved modern machinery. They are located upon
streams immediately adjacent to the different lines of Railroad leading t6 the
city. The location of Baltimore is favorable to an indefinite expansion of
their numbers, as the demands of the trade increase. For the finer grades of
Writing-paper, agencies are established in this city by the manufacturers, and
such goods can be purchased here at factory prices. Paper is now sent from
Baltimore to all parts of the country, and the limits of the trade are enlarging
every day.
In addition to the above, the finest classes of French and German Paper
are imported to this city, and distributed to all sections of the United
States.
168 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
PAPER OF EVERY DESCRIPTION MADE TO ORDER.
DAVID W. GLASS & CO.
PRORIETORS, BRANDS,
CONGRESS, CAPITOL, OLD DOMINION AND MONUMENTAL MILLS
ET,PAP El5
7, 9 & 11 SHARP STREET, BALTIMORE.
128 N. FBONT STREET, PEILADELPEIA.  All orders addressed to Baltimore, receive prompt attention.
J. WHEELWRIGHT.          G. A. DOBLER.         E.. MUDGE.
WHEELWRIGHT, MUDGE & CO.
AND MANUFACTURERS OF
BOOK AND NEWS PAPERS
ALL GRADES, SIZED AND UNSIZED,
S. E. Corner Sharp and Lombard Sts., Baltimore.
JOHN A. DUS1-ANI,
MANUFACTURER OF AND DEALER IN
Of Every Description,
No. 40 South Charles St., Baltimore.
doik anb R,ms vapers a ~retiiltg, and,   tD Eirter at $40rt ugtite.
JOHN CUSHING.                                      JACOB H. MEDAIRY.
CUSEING & MEDAIRY,
No. 6 N. HOWARD STREET,
Opposite the Howard House,    BAILTIMORIE.
BLANK BOOKS MADE TO ORDER IN ANY STYLE.
11
169
DAVID W. GLASS.
XARCLUS W. WOLF.
P A 1P E: R 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
WM. J. C. DULANY & CO.
WHOLESALE JOBBERS IN
:  9Q~~~~~\~~>k'\\~~~~~J~~.    S~~~~tP~~f$~~~ll" (
AND ALL KINDS OF
WRITING AND WRAPPING PAPERS,
332 WEST BALTIMORE STREET, BALTIMORE.
SOLE PRPOPRIETORS OF TIHE CELEBRATED)
Put up in handsomely Lithographed Boxes (Six to the Gross.) The most
desirable Pen to Rietail yet manufactured.
A handsome Lithographic Picture of General Lee accompanies each Gross.
Pl:IC3E $1.
PUBLISHERS OF THE NEW
School History of the United States,
BY
J. S. BLACKBURN and W. N. McDONALD,
Principal Alexandria High School,  Va.  Principal MIale -High School, Lotisville, Ky.
One Volume, 12mo, 510 pp., Cloth, $1.75.
AND
BLACKBURN & McDONALDI'S
SCHOOL HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES.
One Volume, 12mo, 225 pp., Cloth, $1.25.
These Books are largely used in the Public Schools, and many of the best
Private Schools in the United States.
LIBERAL TERMS FOR INTRODUCTION.
170
oneo  0 ~t qj Itee tee ten
GRAMMAR 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
.4
METHODIST EPISCOPAL BOOK DEPOS TORY
122 W. FAYETTE STREET, BALTIMORE.
Have constantly on hand a large and varied stock of
THEOLOGICAL
Sunday School Library
The latest and Best from all the Publishersl
BIBLES, HYMN BOOKS,
POCKET BOOKS,
ALBUMS, CHROMOS,                    i
French, English & American Stationery,          ~...EL.LNEO
I l l11111111111 Vn
MUSIC, REWARDS, REQUISITES,              I 
Church and Sunday School Papers,
Everything, in fact, necessary for the complete outfit of
the Sunday School and the Church. We guarantee satis-                  I
faction and furnish all the above at New York prices.    L
Address,
D. H. CARROLL, Agent.' —
TURNBULL BROTHERS,
All
8 N. CHIARLES ST.
BAL,TIMO  RE,
Importers, Publishers, Booksellers & Stationers
Dealers in Books in Every Department of Literature,
Publishers of Standard Works,
Importers of Fine Stationery,
Manufacturers of Blank Books and Commercial Stationery.
ITHOGRAPHING A SPE:CIALTY.
HECK ~OOKS, RAFTS, C., NEATLY {XECUTED,
Our Houlse is represented abroad by skillful and experienced buyers, who
keep us constantly supplied with the choicest and most elegant works of the
Foreign Press.
Ot7 facilities for f/rnishin  P UBLIC LIBRJRIES
are unsurpassed, andy  our prices  are the  lowest.
Correspolndeice solicited.
171 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
GUSHINGS & BAILEY,
PUBLISHERS, BOOKSELLERS and STATIONERS,
No. 262 Baltimore Street, Baltimore.
BOOKS.
Keep constantly on hand a large stock of Books, enmbracing
School Books,        Law Books,         Medical Books,
Scientific Books,    Agricultural Books,     Theological Books,
Misoellaneous Books,        Bibles,       Prayer Books,
hymn  Books of every Denomination,
Children's Books.      Toy Books.
STATIONERY,
For -)ealers, Banks, Insurance Companties,  CountinS
Houses, Jssociations, /ewspaper Offices, Printers,
Binders, Lawyers, Physicians,  Clerffymen,
Brokers, Schools, Families, Rail Roads,
INCLUDING
Papers, Envelopes,
Lead Pencils,
Slates and Slate Pencils,
Inks, Inkstands,
Paper Weights,
Rulers,
Erasers,
Penknives,
Portfolios,
Pens, Clips,
Mathemat'l Instruments,
Cash Boxes,
BLANK BOOKS OF EVERY SIZE, QUALITY AND BINDING.
172
Post Office Boxes,
Bill Head Boxes,
Reference Files,
Co-p,ving Presses,
Copying Books,
Copying Brushes,
Oil Paper,
Blotting Paper,
Pocket Books, Games,
Photograph Albums,
Newsaper Files,
Calendars,
Memorandum Books,
Pass Books, Twine,
Pen Holders,
Copy Books,
Books of Notes,
Drafts, Checks,
Mucilage, Sealing Wax,
Tags, Wrapping Papers,
Dia-ries, Shears,
StampiDg Machines,
Check Cancellers,
&C., &C., &C. 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
PAPER, STATIONERY, &c.
Blank Book Manufactory.
JOHN l,   MILLiER l Coa
325 BALTIMORE STREET,
S. W. cor. Baltimore and Howard Sts.,               BALTIMORE.
Keep on hand a large and well assorted stock of
Cap, Letter, Note, Legal and Wrapping Papers,
BONNET BOARDS, WINDOW SHADES,
nhs, fates, ft1 bns, #tt~!           Tco,              t n,
And every variety of Stationery for Counting-Rooms and Country Merchants.
BLANK BOOKS of all descriptions constantly on hand or madc to order
for Banks, Corporations, or Business Firnms.
RAGS purchased for cash or exchanged for Goods.
JOHN- M. MILLER.                HIRAM D. MUSSELrMAN.
ESTABLISHED IN1840_
THE BALTIMORE NEWS CO.
SUN IRON BUILDING,                        r'{!\L
Cor, Baltimore and South Streets,                 1} li I.
Wholesale and Retail Dealers in all articles which form the
Booksellers', Stationers' and News Dealers' Stock,
We keep on hand a full line of the Publications of all the New York, Boston
and Philadelphia Houses, and sell at Publishers' lowest prices.
STATIONERY GOODS.-A full stock always on hand, including Papers,
Pens, Inks, Pen Holders, Lead and Slate Pencils, Blank Books, Playing
Cards, Envelop)es, Slates, Toy Books, Games, Albums, Portfolios, Writing
Desks, and all the New Novelties, &c., &c.
INITIAL PAPERS a Specialty.
Trade List, containing lists of NEWSPAPERS, MAGAZINES, and other
information of value to Dealers sent free on application. Send your orders to
THE BALTIMORE NEWS Co.
Sun   Iron Builting, Baltimore.
173 
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~   SOUTHERN DEPOT FOR
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E mploy the be,t wvofkmerq  i-,1e the best nit~~i~1i k~4
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THE MONUMENTAL CITY, ITS PAST HISTORY, ETC.
Printers, Publishers, Booksellers, Stationers
AN~D IIVIPORTEI~S,
174 WEST BALTIMORE STREET, BALTIMORE.
betters ab #tailers of icb,Vl  antrsct1Iutous Fake.
BOOK AND JOB PRINTING IN ALL ITS BRANCHES.
BLANK BOOKS MADE TO ORDER IN THE BEST MANNER.
PUBLISHERS OF
Newell & Creery's Series of Spellers and Readers,
Used in the Public Schools of Baltimore City.
Irving's Series of School Catechisms.
Gen. E. AT. Siirth's Series of Mcathematical Books,
Used in the Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Va.
THE CATHOLIC MIIRRORS
Official Origan of the Archbishop of Baltimore, and of the Bishops of Riclhond, Wheeling,
Wilgington and Vic. Apost. of North Carolina.
A  First-Class  Family  Newspaper  Published every  Saturday.
TERIS.-I-Ivriatbly ia Advance.-$3.00 per Year; Six Months, $1.50; Four Months, $1.00.
CLUB RATES.-2 Copies, $5.00; 3 Copies, $7.00; 4 Copies, $9.00; 5 Copies, $10.00.
Anry Book, no mtatter there published, if to be had, can be procuried by ordering frogn
KELLY, PIET & CO., Baltimore.
PEMBROKE SCHOOL FOR BOYS AND YOUNG MEN,.
Nos. 187,189 & 191 MADISON AVENUE, BALTIMORE,
A SELECT
IN STITUTION.
Prof. JAMES C. KINEAR, A. M., Principal,
Aided by Six PROFESSORS of established reputation.
Advantages and Accommodations for Boarding and Day Students Unequalled.
COMPLETE GYMNASIUM AND EXTENSIVE PLAYGROUND.
Session opens Second Monday in September and closes June 20th.
For CIRCULARS, with Details and References, apply as above.
Artists', Drawing and Wax Flower Materials.
KELLINCER & CO.
No. 6 NORTH CHARLES STREET, BALTIJORE,
Keep in stock a large and complete assortment of
Artists', Drawing, Gilders', Grainers,' Frescoers, Coach & Sign Painters' Materials
OF BEST MAKES.
OIL PAINTINGS, ENGRAVINGS, CHROMOS, LITHOGRAPHS, PHOTOGRAPHS
IN LARGE VARIETY.
WFax Flower Jlaterials, Fre7ch Glass Shades,
Decalcomanaia or Trazsfer Pictures.
All of which are offered to the trade at lowest prices, and all orders shall have prompt attention.
175 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
Paper Bags.
"HE  manufacture of Paper Bags is of recent origin.   Only a few years
ago they were unknown, and dealers seemed content to wrap their goods
i  and wares in the old-fashioned paper bundles.   But American genius,
which contemplates convenience, as well as principles of science and mechanics, applied itself to the comfort of store-keepers and customers, with
complete success. The Paper Bag now universally used, is an indispensable
requisite to the business, and the economy of home. The most perfect Bag
in use, is the invention of an American Lady. The machine which cuts, prepares, folds, and pastes the bag with the square ends is her invention; for
which she should receive the daily thanks of sellers and buyers.
All articles designed for shipment or transportation, or home consumption,
are packed neatly in appropriate bags; hence their manufacture has become a
very extensive interest, and some of our largest Houses have made a specialty
of them, with an invested capital of upwards of $250,000. The demand for
them increases proportionately with growth of business, and during the past
year we manufactured about one hundred millions, the sales of which amounted
to $400,000, requiring about 800 tons of paper. A large portion of these
were shipped to New York; and great quantities sold to the South and West,
besides those used at home. On account of the great facilities which Baltimore possesses for the manufacture of Paper, and Paper-Bags, its Paper
mills, which line-the never failing streams of Maryland, its exhaustless stores
of raw-material, and the cheapness of labor, render it the best market for
the supply of this indispensable Paper Package.
Cotton.
,,HE  Cotton Trade of Baltimore, is a growing interest.  For many years,
little was done in this great Staple, but the increased facilities for ship ~ ment to this Port, the enterprise and thrift of the men engaged in the
trade, and the admirable system of warehouse storage recently introduced,
have given an impetus to the Cotton business which promises to make it a
very powerful auxiliary to the commercial prosperity of our city. A Cotton
Exchange has lately been established, which publishes a daily Market Statement, and in many ways facilitates trade in this important branch of industry.
Its officers are Messrs. George P. Tiffany, President; Geo. R. Gaither Jr.,
Vice-President; Jos. S. Whedbee, Treasurer; Fred'k. G. Whelan, Secretary;
and its members are gentlemen of the highest standing and excellence in the
community.   The receipts of Cotton for the  present year have greatly
exceeded those of any similar period in the past; and the demand for expor
176 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
tation, and for home consumption, by the immense factories in and around
our city for the manufacture of Cotton Duck and the lighter Cotton goods,
leaves no doubt of the very rapid increase of the trade in the future. The
system of warehouse storage established in 1867 under a charter from
the State of Maryland by a number of our leading capitalists, is superior
perhaps in perfection of detail and security, to that of any city
ill the country.   Some of our leading  merchants  are engaged  in  the
Cotton business, and they can now advance money on consignments with
security to themselves, and their patrons.  When the Cotton reaches this port,
it can be stored at comparatively little expense in the vast reservoirs of the
Company, where it may remain for a mere trifle, until a favorable opportunity
offers for its disposal. In the meantime cotton-certificates are issued by the
Baltimore Warehouse Company, incorporated 1867, which can be transferred
as other negotiable securities. The capital of the company is $1,000,000, and
the flattering auspices under which it was inaugurated leaves no doubt of its
success in the future and its beneficial influence upon the Cotton trade of our
city. In connection with the Cotton trade of Baltimore, a Cotton-Press has
been established, with all the modern improvements in machinery, and with
a capacity sufficient to accommodate the wants of the trade for many years to
come. From data before us and for reasons which have been repeatedly urged,
we think it safe to say, that Baltimore is destined in the future to become one
of the great Cotton marts of the world.
ED W1D. T. NORRIS.             SUMMMERFIELD BALIDWIXN.
WARREN COTTON MILLS, WARREN, BALTIMORE COUNTY, MD.
NORRIS & BALDWIN, AGENTS, DRY GOODS COMMISSION MERCHANTS,
NO. 28 SHARP STRIEET, BALTIORE
177 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
ALBEITON COTTON MILLS,
MAt-YTAND.
+
MANUFACTURERS OF THE WELL RNOWN
Alberton Standard
SHEETINGS and DRILLS.
Alberton and Kentucky 7-8 and 4-4
OSNABURGS.
and Sagouan 28, 36 and 40 inch
TWILLS.
Western Star 29 and 40 inch
DUCK,
For Tents and Wagon Covers.
Baltimore 282 inch
DUCK.
Alberton 40 inch Striped
BAGGING.
Alberton Blue and Brown
DENIMS.
Alberton Blue, Green and Fancy Colors
AWNING STRIPES.
Cotton Warps, Carpet Chains, &c.
OFFICE, 24 GERMAN STREET,
BALTIMORE.
178
Alberton 
ITS PAST HIISTORY AND) PRESENT RESoU-RC-ES.17
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179 
THiE MONUMENTAL CITY,
SAVAGE MANUFACTURING CO.
HOWARD COUNTY, MD.
Owners, WM. H. BALDWIN, JR. & CO.
f Ba ltimore,
Selli~ng Agents, WOODWARD, BALDWIN & CO. Baltimore,
LAUREL MANUFACTURING CO.
LAUREL, PRINCE GEORGE'S COUNTY, MD.
GEORGE P. TIFFANY, President.
EDWARD TIFFANY, Secretary.
LAUREL D 4-4 STANDA DT]
Do.   H 4-4 MEDIUMD
CHASE, STEWART & CO., Baltimore and New York Selling Agents.
Cottonl Duck.
(~RIOR to 1839 all or nearly all the Cotton Duck manufactured in this
B country was made by the Passaic and Pbhnix Mills in Paterson, New
Jersey, and the exorbitant prices demanded by these monopolists, did
much to check the trade in this article. To-day, two-thirds of the Duck made
in the United States is manufactured in the vicinity of Baltimore, and the above
mentioned mills have discontinued its production. In the year 1839 the
property known as the Old White Hall Flouring Mill, on Jones' Falls, was
purchased by one of our distinguished citizens and converted into a Cotton
Factory.  The enterprize prospered, and in 1843 the Woodberry Factory was
built, and its capacity doubled in 1845. The Mount Vernon Factory was
constructed at the same time. The Old White Hall was burnt in 1852, and
the Clipper Mill, a factory of great capacity, was erected on its site with such
expedition, that it was in running order six months after the conflagration.
This mill was destroyed by fire in 1866, but subsequently rebuilt, and its
capacity doubled. The Druid Mill was commenced in 1865, and enlarged in
1872.   The latter is at present the largest Cotton Duck Mill in the country.
In addition, there are now at work in the vicinity of Woodberry, the Mount
180
ROB'T PILSON, Superin't. 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
Yernon Factory No. 2, the Park Mill, and the Washington Factory,  all
engaged in the manufacture of Cotton Duck.
Of course the war had a depressing effect upon the production of this commodity.  Our domestic mills were cut off from their Southern supply of the
raw material-Cotton advanced fabulously in price, and Russian and English
looms for the time practically supplied the market. In 1866, the price of
cotton fell rapidly-the new crop from the South was brought to the factories,
and since that time foreign goods have almost been driven from the market.
The process through which the raw material passes before it is converted
into Duck may be interesting to our readers.   The cotton is first cleaned by
machinery, and after seeds, lumps and dirt are removed, it is transferred to
carding machines, which perform, on an immense scale, the operation which
was formerly slowly effected by hand.   It passes thence through several
machines, by which the roll of fibres is gradually reduced in size, and becomes
at last a firm, fine thread. A number of these are then twisted together, to
make a cord of sufficient strength, and of these latter the "warp," or foundation of the fabric is formed; other cords, wound on bobbins, supply the
"woof" or filling.  These woven together by the looms make the cloth complete, and it is then rolled into bolts, and packed in bales for shipment. All
this necessarily requires an immense amount of intricate machinery, and it is
estimated that a force of two thousand two hundred horse power is used in these
MAills. In addition to the manufacture of Cotton-Duck, Fishing Nets are made
here by machinery, the only place in the United States where this is done
to any great extent. Upwards of 25,000 bales or more than 12,000,000 pounds
of cotton are consumed annually by these Mills. They employ fully 1,800
hands, and minister to the support of at least 5,000 persons.   The CottonDuck is used extensively in the manufacture of sails, awnings, bags, and for
a number of other purposes. It is unnecessary to add that the South and
West can be supplied in this market on the most reasonable terms.
Cotton Bags.
S an appendage to the manufacture of Cotton goods in the city of Balti    more, and especially to the manufacture of Cotton-Duck, the preparation
of grain Bags and Sacks demands particular notice.  Baltimore is favorably located for their manufacture.  The many mill streams in the neighborhood of the city, the numerous cotton mills in and immediately around it, and
the superiority of the heavier class of domestics especially suitable as material
for their construction, enable the manufacturers to compete successfully with
any of the Eastern cities; while the moderate cost of living, and low rents,
give the trade an advantage over New York and Boston. The immense
181 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
amount of wheat and corn which passes through, or is manipulated in our
market, creates a demand for the manufacture of grain Bags and Sacks, which
would at all times cause a degree of activity with the merchant engaged in
that trade; but a system prevails at this Port which renders the market very
particularly atctive. A very extensive business is done in hiring Sacks for
shipment to Europe, the owner of the Sacks shipping under his own Bill of
Lading, in the same manner as the dealer ships his grain. The capital
invested in the trade is very large, all Jute Goods  are landed by our
European Steamers at lower freights than elsewhere. The facilities for
the manufacture of the Bags are first-class, and the character of the men
engaged in this branch of industry is a complete guarantee that persons
dealing with them are sure to get what they buy. In this particular branch
of manufacture, the Baltimore article can readily compete with that of New
York or any other.
JOHN C. GRAFFL1N.                GEO. W. GRAFFLIN.
BALTIMORE BAG FACTORY~
Vos. 73, 75 and 77 SOUTH- STREET.
JOHN C. GRAlFFL1N & CO.
IMPORTrF, S, MANUFACTURERS AND  )EAL,ERS IN
BURLAPS, COTTON BACCINC,
BALE ROPE, TWINES,
New and Secondl-Hand Seamless, Grain & Gunny Rags, Cotton Duck, Twills &c.
GUANO, BUCKWHEAT, FLOUR AND SALT BAGS PRINTED TO ORDER.
AGE]NTS FOR THE "ARRO   TIE
MARYLAND BAG FACTORY.
ELIEPE LTEg g                    B E_
MANUFA'QTURERS AND DEALERS IN EVERY DESCRIPTION OF
Phosphate Bags neatly Printed to Order.
1"TOBACCO POUCHES A SPECIALTY,
SOUTH AND PRATT STREETS, BALTIMORE.
Maryland Life Insurance Co.
No. 10 South Street, Baltimore.
182 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
WM. KNABE & CO.
PIANO-FOETE MANUFACTURERS, SQUARE, GRAND AND UPEIGIT,
Ware-Rooms, No. 350 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore,
112 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY.
Curled Hair.
afterwards established a small factory for the manufacture of Hair,
Bristles, &c., on Colston's Hill, near the Hookstown Road.  The life of
the factory was healthy from the first, and its business gradually enlarged,
until in 1847 the location was insufficient for its pressing requirements. A
lot of ground was purchased on the Frederick Road, and a new factory erected.
From that time to the present the increase of the trade has been very rapid.
The various uses to which Hair and Bristles are put, the rapid development
of the country, and the incessant demand for goods of this sort for upholstering
purposes and btrushl materials, and the toilet generally, caused an expansion
of the trade, which rendered it difficult at times, to supply the orders that
came to the factory. Its capacity was enlarged, agencies were created in the
leading cities of the west for the procurement of raw materials; tenant houses
were erected for the employees, warehouses for the storage of both crude and
manufactured goods; and now a thriving village crowns the location which
but a few years ago was a barren plat of ground.   Others encouraged by the
success of the young German, have invested money in the business, and a
number of smaller factories have sprung into existance, whose business is only
circumscribed by their capacity.
The factory on the Frederick road, known as Wilkens' Factory, turns out
40,000 pounds of manufactured goods per week; and it is estimated that at
least seven hundred operatives are employed, and several million of dollars
are invested in the business. The manufactured goods are consigned to Retail
Merchants and Upholsterers throughout the United States; and large quan tities are exported for consumption abroad.
The curled and manufactured Hair produced by the factories of Baltimore
is unsurpassed for excellence, and the market price is lower than in any other
city in the United States, because of the vast capital invested, the extensive
experience, and thorough knowledge  of  the business, possessed by those
engaged in its production.
183 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
William Wilkens.
WILLIAM WILKENS & CO.
STEAM
Curled Hair & Bristle Manufacturers,
DEALERS IN
HAIR CLOTH, DAMASK, PLUSH,
AND
Upholsterers'and Coach and Cabinet Makers'Materials
IN GENERAL,
300" W. Pratt Street,
BALTIMORE.
Leaf Tobacco.
AiHE Tobacco market of this city has been of paramount importance at all
times since the commencement of its history.  In colonial times and in,   deed for a long period afterwards, it was the only crop raised in this State,
by which she was known to outsiders, insomuch that the lands were impoverished, and farmers and planters driven to the cultivation of other products,
to restore the soil to its original fertility. Early in the history of the State,
inspection laws were adopted by the Legislature for the protection of planters
and buyers. These laws were perhaps the most judicious of their kind ever
devised, and have remained in force with but little alteration to the present
molllent. Under them, five large warehouses have been established in Baltimore, at points convenient to the shipping.   The manner of inspection is so
simple, and apparently equitable, that it may not be out of place to give a
brief description of the process. One head of a hogshead of Tobacco having
been removed and the hoops loosend, the hogshead is turned over, and the entire
casing lifted off the Tobacco. The compact mass thus exposed, is broken into at
five different points with an iron bar, and a sample taken from each opening.
184
H - H. Grane.
217 Pearl Street,
NEVV YORK. 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
An average of each of these samples is selected, and the whole tied together
with a strong tape, sealed and labelled.  The casing is replaced, and the hogshead coopered according to its necessities.  The samples chosen and made
official, are regarded as establishing the grade of the Tobacco, as well as
the quality of the packing, and by these the sales are made.   The fees,
waste and cost of storage, &c., are so insignificant when compared with
methods of inspection in other cities, that though  the policy of the State
of late years has been to discourage governmental inspections, the system
with reference to Tobacco has not been disturbed.  Four of the five Inspectors are taken from the rural districts, where the wiles of politics
usually give place to integrity and fair dealing; and the consequence has
been that with the rarest exceptions, the offices have been filled by hightonled, honorable gentlemen engaged in the cultivation of the plant themselves, and thoroughly competent to discharge the duties which pertain to
the office.
The increase of the trade in this city, and the insufficient accommodations
of the present warehouses, have led to the erection of another which will
be completed in a few months.  During the year 1872, there were inspected
51,209 hogsheads of Tobacco, in addition to 5,682 hogsheads  remaining
in the warehouses on the 1st of January of that year.  The Foreign ship ments during that period, and which were made to a large number of
European ports were 49,983 hogsheads.  The quality of the Tobacco grown
in Maryland, and that brought to this market from Ohio, and Kentucky, is
of coarse, heavy grade, and is consumed principally in portions of France,
and Germany, where the people care more for q(uantity than quality.  Ship mients have been retarded to some extent by the scarcity of tonnage, but the
increased facilities afforded by the improvements in the harbor to be completed
by the first of May, and the very rapid augmentation of the shipping in the
past few months, will lead in the near future, to a very large expansion of the
trade.
L. W. GUNTHER,
General Commission Merchant
AND
TOBACCO FACTOR,
N o. 90  Lomnbard Street,
ONE DOOR WAEST OF EXCIIANGE PLACE,
BALTIMORE.
12
IS5 
'ITHE MONUMNIENTAL CITY,
WM. A. BOYD a CO.
WHOLESALE DEALERS IN
SEED, LEAF & HAVANA
Have always in store a full assortment of'-CONN" and other select crops.
nianu.factured Tobacco,
No. CIGA South Street, Baltimore.
No. 33 South Street, Baltimore.
WER.N'ES DtS EL.
W.  DRESEL
TOBACCO
AND
General Commission Merehants.
Werner Dresel, Imperial German Consul.
37 South Gay St.
186
FEI RD. DR.ES.EL.
& eO.
BALTIMORE. 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
Manllufactured Tobacco.
UR  City has always been one of the leading markets for Manufactured To )bacco.  It is contiguous to Virginia, North Carolina, and the great sections
of America noted for the production of the best Tobacco on this continent,
and also for the manufacture of the best Chewing and Smoking Tobacco in
the world. Thus located, Baltimore commands a large portion of this trade,
and is in reality the best distributing market in the country.   The Commission and Jobbing Trade, with heavy capital is enabled to carry large stocks,
and with the forwarding facilities of rail and water, gives us superior advantages over any other city.  We have also several very large factories for the
manufacture of Smoking Tobacco, Fine-cut, and Snuffs, with advantages
unsurpassed by any others elsewhere.   The Brands of these have attained a
wide reputation in this country and Europe.
Cigars are extensively manufactured in this city, and their superior quality
has gained for them, great popularity at home and abroad.
Responsible agencies of the Tobacco Manufacturers of any prominence in
the trade of the country are established here, thus giving additional value
and attraction to the Baltimore Market.
B. F. PARLETT & CO.
WHOLESALE DEALERS IN
MAN UFA  CT URED
LEAF AND $MOgKNG TOBACCOS,
CIGARS, PIPES  &Gc.
92 Lombard Street, near South,
BALTIMORE.
J. D. KREMELBERG'S
FACTORY
OF
J&~lUSTR[AIN VIRGINI~[ -ACO A
14 & 16 Soutlh Frederick Street,
OFFICE- 56 South Gay Street,
B,BALITIMORE.
187
P.. BOX 781. 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
MARYLAND LIFE INSURANCE CO.
No, 10 South Street, Ballimore.
Lumber.
(HE Lumber Trade of Baltimore city, is very great.   We are so favorably
located for the prosecution of the business, it would  be really strange
~t  were this not the case.  The Chesapeake  Bay affords easy access to the
vast Lumber regions of Virginia and North Carolina; the Susquehanna
drains the extensive woodlands of Pennsylvania, while the railroad corporations which centre in Baltimore stretch out their arms into the almost limitless forests of West Virginia, Ohio and Indiana.  In addition to the requirements for building purposes, this branch of industry has been greatly extended
of late because of the vast increase in the number of Houses engaged in the
Furniture Trade, the enlargement of the business of those already established, and the springing up in our midst of factories for the manufacture of
MIouldings, Ovals, Mirror and Picture Frames, &c., &c.
The last few years have witnessed a decided change in popular taste with
reference to the material out of which furniture is constructed. Fashion has
greatly diminished  the use of  rose-wood and mahogany, and hence their
importation is mainly for veneering purposes.   With the increase in wealth
and the development of taste, wants have become general which were formerly
confined within a narrow circle, and the demand for highly wrought mouldings,
handsome frames, passe-partouts, &c., has necessitated the establishment of
extensive factories to meet it, where work of the most finished description is
turned out.
Walnut, Ash, Poplar and White Pine are now used almost exclusively by
furniture dealers, and immense quantities reach the market annually.  The
best Walnut is brought from the States of Ohio and Indiana; vast quantities
of Poplar come firom the forests of West Virginia, while the States of Airginia, North Carolina, Georgia and Florida furnisih Yellow Pine, from the
last two of which is obtained the finest material to be found in the world.
Ash and White Pine reach this market in large quantities from Pennsylvania, Ohio and Indiana. About thirty large HIouses are engaged in the
Lumber business in this city with an immense aggregate capital. The gentlemen who compose the above firms are among our most reliable and honored
citizens.
One hundred million feet of White Pine, one hundred million feet
of Yellow Pine, and fifty million feet of other WToods, including Walnut,
188 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
Poplar, Ash, &c., are received in Baltimore annually.  Much of the Wood is
dressed in Baltimore and shipped from here to other places.  The machinery
used in the trade is of the most highly improved character, and the number
of employees very large. The workmanship is superior, and the trade offer
inducements to purchasers equal to those extended in any other market in
the country.
It is a fact worthy of mention, as showing not only the facilities of the
trade, but the reciprocity of the different sections of our country, that large
quantities of the Lumber product of the South, Yellow Pine and Cypress, are
sent to the distant cities of the West atd North-West, where it is used almost
exclusively in car building, and for other manufacturing purposes, in which
cheapness, durability and strength, are essential qualifications. This Lumber
is manufactured to order at the Southern mills, shipped direct to the consuiler, and is ready for use upon receipt.  The orders are received in Baltimore by those dealers who have large interests in the South, and of course
minister to the importance of our City. The trade is growing rapidly and
will ere long demonstrate the fact that the Western Lumber dealer appreciates
the Lumber product of the South as thoroughly as we value the White Pine
forests of the North and West.  In addition to the Lumber Trade carried on
with the South and West, large quantities of White and Yellow Pine are
shipped to the W est Indies and South America.
GEO. G. TYLER, TIMIBER AND LUMBER,
BOSTON ST:EE9T, CANTON.
189 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
D. E. THOMAS & CO.
Wholesale and Retail Dealers in
CABINET AND BUILDING
ILUJMB,
No. 56 East Falls Avenue,
BALTIMORE, MD.
Agricultural  Implenments.
('HE honorable position which the Science of Agriculture has occupied in
Maryland in conjunction with the other Southern States, has made Balti   more at all times during her history an extensive market for Agricultural
Implements. The present is unquestionably the era of improvement in laborsaving machinery. The farmers of Maryland, generally educated and cultivated, have not been slow to avail themselves of the advantages which have
been thereby presented.
They early found that their lands, along with the saving of labor by the
use of implements, exhibited also an increase of productiveness which
amply compensated them for an aDireciation of the prices of machinery.
This exercised a fostering infiuenct, uo-er the cstablishments engaged in their
manufacture, and gave to the trade an impetus, which by judicious foresight
and energy the manufacturers have been able to enlarge, until to-day our
City ranks far ahead of most of the large cities in America; and surpassed by
few if any, in the production of these essentials to farming. In fact, East
of the Ohio no city can compete with Baltimore in this regard.
Ten large Houses are at present doing a thriving business in this branch of
industry with a very handsome working capital, and a number of hands
averaging four hundred. Formerly each House embraced in its operations all
the various implements used in Agriculture, as also Seed and other goods
belonging to that pursuit. The introduction of steam and the vast improvements in machinery made it cheaper for Houses to select a specialty and
follow it. In this way certain labor-saving machines are manufactured at
cheaper rates than formerly, and in a style excelled nowhere on this continent.
Of course the number of machines or implements manufactured here has
been reduced; but the usefulness of those produced has been proportionately
increased, and the general dimensions of the trade greatly enlarged, while
190
i 
ITS PAST HIISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
factories for all the very best labor-saving machines manufactured in the
United States have here established agencies, where they can be purchased at
the factory rates.
All the Agricultural establishments of Baltimore offer the strongest inducements to purchasers from abroad in the way of choice and carefully selected
seed, large quantities of which, when not produced under favorable auspices
in this country, are imported expressly for the Baltimore market.   The
annual sales in this branch of industry are very heavy and rapidly increasing,
annually amounting at present to fully $3,000,000. Large invoices of Agricultural Implements, Seeds, &c., are shipped to the Southern States, and
along the line of the Atlantic coast, in fact through all the country east of
the Ohio. In this department of trade, Baltimore affords to dealers, a market
equal in quality and prices, to any other in the United States.
E.  B. WHITMAN.
E. WHITMAN SO
Nos. 145 & 147 WEST
BALTIMORE,
Manufacturers and Wholesale and Retail Dealers in 
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, SEEDS AND FERTILIZERS.
WHITMAN'S METAL-LINED CUCUMBER PUMP,
THE ONLY PERFECT PORTABLE WOOD PUMP MADE.
Sash Factories.
INCE the introduction of steam-power into the ordinary pursuits of life,
vast improvements have been made in carpentry.   Especially has this
been  the case with reference  to the manufacture of Sash, Window
Frames, Doors, Blinds &c.  So great have been the advances in this department of industry, that the humblest and cheapest dwelling erected in the
larger cities at this present writing, will compare favorably in interior finish
with the most gorgeous edifices of former times. Baltimore has kept pace
with other cities in this regard.
Thirteen Sash Factories, employing upwards of seven hundred hands, and
manipulating $1,000,000 of capital, are at present in operation in this city.
For fifty years the business of wood-working has been one of our most active
industries, but in the last five years the trade has trebled. The quality of the
work done by our factories is fully up to the standard established in other
191
E. WHITITAN.
ESTA13LISHED 1843.
&i s 0 iv Si
PRATT ST., 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
cities. Offices, churches, and public buildings are fitted by the trade, in a
style of taste and elegance unsurpassed elsewhere, and which has commanded
the admiration of parties from abroad. Baltimore has great facilities in the
way of securing lumber of the most available description, and upon the most
advantageous terms.  The factories engaged in the business, turn out all kinds
of work, and offer as great inducements to purchasers as can be obtained in
any other city in America. As large as the demand is for home consumption
it by no means disposes of the material turned out by these establishments;
and large quantities of Sash, Window  Blinds, and general Finishings for
buildings, are shipped to the Southern States, South America and the West
Indies.
G. 0. STEVENS.                              D. G. STEVENS.
GEO. O. STEVENS & CO.
Corner Front and -Fayette Streets,
Opposite Shot Tower.         BALTIMORIE.
wiW;  FA/t+ 5V4;t,w &* tt1t
Slate, Marble and Wooden Mantels,
Mouldings, Cornice, Stair Fixings, &c
BUILDERS' SUPPLIES.
BALTIMORE MADE WORK.
JOHN W. WILSON.                         JOHN W. WILSON, Jr.
JOHN W. WILSON & SON,
e  LUMBER DEALERS
AND MANUFACTURERS OF
Sashes, Doors, Blinds, Brackets, J~ouldings,
Handrails, JVewels, Balusters, Arc.
No. 333 SOUTH EUTAW STREET, BALTIMORE.
S. H. & J. F. ADAMS,
No. 4-1 Barnett Street,
192
B1 twR~~~~~~~~t~
]3LI0:X M31 C 3 
ITS PAST IHIISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
J. B. THOMAS.  J. L LAWTON.     WM. MENTZEL.
JOS. THOMAS & SONS
Maryland Moulding, Turning & Sawing Works,
AND SASH, DOOR AND SHUTTER FACTORY.
Church
AND
Furniture.
Raililng, &c.
Established
BUILDING  AlATERIAILIS,
PARK AND CLAY STRE:ETS.
BUILDING AND HARD WOOD LUMBER DEALERS,
434 TVEST PRATT STREET, CORNER PENN, BALTIM ORE.
Furniture.
"'HE manufacture of Furniture is usually a prominent feature in the bus    iness of large cities.  Our own is not behind her sisters in this regard.
J The manufacture and sale of all kinds of Furniture have been for years
a leading and rapidly increasing interest in Baltimore.   Our facilities are
superior to those of most American cities. For the lighter kinds of Cabinet
Furniture the very best article of yellow-pine can be obtained via the Chesapeake Bay, from the forests of lower Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina.
For other classes of Furniture the forests of West Virginia furnish an inexhaustible supply of soft poplar, which by easy and cheap transportation over the
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, can be obtained on the most reasonable terms,
while the competition between the western sections of this Road and the Pennsylvania Central, enables our manufacturers to obtain their supplies of blackwalnut from the forests of Indiana, at less cost than those of the North and
East, whose distance is more remote. This, in addition to the fact that the
cost of living and labor is cheaper in Baltimore, has led to a very rapid development of the business; and in the last five years the manufacture and sale
of Furniture have been more than doubled; while many new firms have been
added to those already in existence.
193
Ofice
Desks,
Pews
I820. 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
As an indication of the enlargement of the trade and the low prices in this
city, it may be stated that during the past year extensive orders for Sewing
Machine Frames have been received by our manufacturers from the large
towns of the North, and have been filled so satisfactorily as to lead to a
repetition of the orders.   Every style of Furniture, from the richest and
most chaste designs for parlors, drawing-rooms, chambers, and offices, to the
less pretentious cabinet setts, is manufactured with equal care and skill. Those
engaged in the business have displayed great enterprise; and have not
contented themselves with their own resources in the selection of patterns,
but have made it a point to visit localities where Furniture is largely manufactured, and study the ingenuity and tastes of other sections.   Thus  the
most fastidious and refined taste can be gratified in our city.
A certain amount of European Furniture is imported here, to supply the
demand of those who can afford the luxury of foreign styles, but the skill of
our handicraftmen has so thoroughly kept pace with the spirit of modern
improvement th.at this is generally conceded to be totally unnecessary.
From accurate information, we are able to state that fully $1,500,000 are
invested in the business, 2,000 hands are employed, and the annual sales
amount in the aggregate to $3,000,000. Besides the local trade, vast quantities
of Furniture are shipped firom this city to the South and West. During the
year 1872, shipments were made to the West Indies and South America, giving
promise of a valuable trade to that direction.
FURNITURE! FURNITURE! FURNITURE!
THE POPULAR FURNITURE HOUSE OF
KLIPPER, WEBSTER & CON
X SOUTH CALVERT STREET, BALTIMORE.
Parlor and Cabinet Furniture of Every Description.
FOR THE:: PARLO:R.
New and Elegant Designs of Parlor Suites in Brocatelle, Silks and Reps of
Every Shade; also, in Hair Cloth, Beautiful and Durable.
POR TH:E CHAl:B-EIR
Full Walnut Suites (10 pieces each) of plain, massive and elaborately carved Chamber
Suites, beautifully veneered and polished in French wood.
COTTAGE  SUITES,
In great variety, SUBSTANTIALLY FINrISED, AND AT LOWEST MANUFACTURERS' PRICES.
OT:HER FUJRNITU:RE~
Including plain, handsome and magnificently finished D)EESSING CASES, in Sienna, Tennessee and Italian marble; also, a complete line of SIDEBOARDS, BUFFETS and ETAGERES,
plain and elalaborately carved, and finished with Imported and Domestic Marbles.
Walnut and French Veneered SECRETARIES, BOOK-CASES; single and double Walnut
and Poplar BEDSTEADS, BUREAUS and WARDROBES, at all prices.
CHAIiI:S,
Finished in Hair, Cane and Wood, including Easy-Chairs of modern styles and patterns,
Arm-Chairs of every description, Rockers, and Wood of Forty Different Styles.
A: ATTi~ES SES
Hair, Cotton Top and Shuck Mattresses, our own manufacture, always on hand and
made to order of any size, quality and price.
NOTE.-Our long experience and superior facilities enable us to offer advantages to purchasers not excelled by any similar House in Baltimore. We invite an inspection of our
large and complete stock, and guarantee to purchasers satisfaction in every respect.
194 
Charles P. Stevens, Manufacturer of Cabinet Furniture,
SCHOOL DESKS, SETTEES, MATTRESSES, SEWING MACHINE CASES, &c.
Office
No. 6
Warerooms,
_____________                                    "''~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Iii_                                   __
No. 3
YARDS,
EUTAW,
FRONT and
HIGI STS.
HA
v
Ep
co
C4
CyD
E-4
x
____      R  3t03Fa
Catalogue and complete Price ]List of Goods sent on application by mail.
- -A
Factory,
AND
LOW STREET.
S. CALVERT ST.
INCLUTDING
Carroll Building. 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
WILLIAM J. HISS,
Upholstering and Decorationsy
128 W. FAYETTE STPREET,
BALTIMOIRE.
Pianos.
IHE wonderful advances made during the present century in all depart    ments of industry have been no-where more marked than in the develop'   ment and improvement of Pianos-and it is a matter of just pride to
Americans, that the world is indebted to this country, for many of the
advantages which modern instruments possess. The largest Piano factories
on the globe are located in the United States, and owing to the thrift and
independence of the laboring classes, and the facilities for advancement offered
them through our institutions, and mode of governmenit, and the elevation of
taste thus acquired, the number of these instruments sold annually is immense.
During the year 1865, one hundred and eighteen thousand, two hundred and
eighty Pianos were made in this country, and the trade in these instruments
amounted to $59,284,673. What the increase has been since that date is a
matter of conjecture, but the fact that the Piano has become almost as
necessary in the humblest households, as the most useful article of furniture,
forbids the idea that there has been any diminution in the statistics of the trade.
Baltimore has obtained her full share of this gi eat and increasing business.
There are a number of factories in this city, among which is the establishment of Wm. Knabe & Co., one of the largest in the United States.  William
Knabe, the founder of the firm, (since deceased), came to this country and
commenced the manufacture of Pianos on Liberty street, in 1(837.  Their
beginings were humble-large investments in an untried branch of trade
were then unheard of, and a wide-spread and deeply rooted prejudice existed
in favor of articles from abroad. The superior delicacy of tone, which still
so distinguishes the instruments of the Firm, gradually attracted the attention
of competent judges and the germ of a factory rapidly developed into mammoth proportions. The great increase in the business of the Firm, ne(cessitated
the abandonment of their original location, and the selection of another site;
and since 1855, their factory has been in operation on Eutaw street.  Wm.
Knabe & Co. manufacture annually from 1,500 to 2,000 Grand and Square
Pianos which are shipped to all portions of the United States, but principally
196
p
L I I-                                                            i 
ITS IAST 1HISTORY ANI) P1TESENT I-ESOURCES.
to the South it l d W,est, witlhi wlich sections their bulsiness relations are of al
extensive character.
The prices of these instrtuments vary from $500 to $1,500.  The difference
inl price, is occasioned chiefly by the ontside ornamentation, carving, tracing
&c.; the cheaper instruments being as melodious anid powerful as the most
costly.  The adv-antages claimed for them  by Kinabe  &  Co., are that their
method of conlstructing the "action" is peculiar, whlich imparts to the instruiment an unsurpassed delicacy and fullness of tonle; that the woods  used il
their construction are selected withl the utmost care, and with all the known
tests, and are tloroughIly seasoned before b)eing worked up; and that before a
Piano is taken fi'omi the factory, the proprietors  always assure themselves
of its excellence and durabilitv.  That this is no idle boast is attested by the
reception of more than eilghty medals and premiums at various exhibitions and
by the apl))roval of such artists as Thalberg, Gottschalk, HIeller, Strakoscl,
MIarlmontel, Aieuxtemps and others, and also, by the reception of a number
of orders for work from distinguished artists ill Europe.''The firm has  a
branch establishment inll NewA- York, and anl agency in Boston.
Musical  Illstruiiients
01[O~T of tl]e different varieties of Miusical IJstriumenits are mannufactnred
li|4  in Blaltimore, and in many instances rare skill is displayed in their
- productioli.  For twenty years the manufacture of Organs  has formed
an important feature among the industries of the city and of late the orders
from neighboring states have attested the estimation in which tlley are held
for finish and excellence of tonle.  Church Orgmns, ranging  in price fromi
$l,000o to $50,000 are constrLcted here and large numbers of them are shipped
to the South and AWest, and some because of their tonle and (compass are sent
to Eastern markets.   In a number of our finest churches are to be seen
specimens of the Organs mianufactured in this city.
H. SANDERS & CO.
General Ageits and Wtholesaleand netail Dealersin tihe
___________                atity~    Qr-gai
ttir,nap anh mrabllurg Vn s,
79 W. FAYETTE ST., BALTIMORE.
The "EST?EY" is thle ackni()vle(dged LEADI NG ORGAN (v(eryhwliere.  Call and examine
our splendid stock.  Special terms to Churches,
Sunday Selools a1n Clcrgyi( (.
SIEET MUSIC AND MUSIC BO0ES.
197
II 
rTHE MONUMENTAL CITY,
Jewelry.
MONG the many branches of industry which minister to the importance
and add to the wealth of our city may be mentioned the manufacture
and sale of Jewelry.  A number of large houses are established in Baltimore, with extensive capital, and employing many hands. All the different
styles of Jewelry known to the trade are manufactured with skill and neatness,
and our Jewelers have always endeavored successfully to meet the popular
taste so excessively variable in this regard.   The various precious stones of
which large and costly stocks are always on hand, are set in Baltimore with
an elegance and finish that cannot be surpassed. Silver ware is manufactured
here to a very considerable extent, and as every place has its peculiar styles,
supplies of Baltimore-made Ware are eagerly sought by Jewelers from the
neighboring cities. Watches of all kinds, both of American and foreign
manufacture, from the most expensive to the least costly, are sold by the trade
as low as can be obtained fran the manufacturer.  In addition, the rarest of
foreign Bijoutry is imported direct to this city, and the shelves of our best
Jewelers are beautifully adorned with these articles. A prominent characteristic of this branch of industry in Baltimore is the thorough reliability of the
gentlemen engaged in it. They are among our most highly esteemed citizens
and purchasers coming to this city can be assured that they get what they buy.
CANFIELD, BRO. & CO,
Corner Baltimore and Charles Streets,
BALTIMORE,
Wholesale and Retail Importers and Dealers in
WATCHES,y
Diamonds, Pearls, R ich Jewelry
@r~~~~~~~~~~r And, art are X En~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(
Triple Silver Plated Ware; Gilt, Bro7,ze awedd Malrble
Clocks, Gilt and BTo7"ore  _Figures, and Ornarmenlts, Bisque
and Pcturisan Fieures, Rich  Porcelaine Tases, Gilt an d
Leather Uieirbna Goods, Opera Glasses, Faits, Music Boxes
and IFcazcy Goods.
AMERICAN WATCHES A SPECIALTY.
198
ESTAB3LISHED  1834. 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
Established 1800.
GEORGE T. SADTLER.   GEORGE W. SADTLER.
G. T. SA[)TLER & SONS,
No.  212  West  Baltimore Street,  Baltimore,
Importers, Manufacturers and Dealers in
SptftdtltS  t~t  hs  i             fu:. j,siet   Ad 
Special attention paid to adaptation of Glasses to theEye.
Promnpt attention give to replairing Watches and Jewelry.
GEIO. W. WIEBB,
(.ddjoinirn the Carrolltor Hotel,)
'DEALER IN
DIAMONDS, RIC~ JEWELRY, FINE WATCHES, CLOCKS & BRONZES
STERLING SILVER AND PLATED WARE.
Particular attention is paid to neatness and durability in the manufacture and repair of
Jewelry. Watches repaired by experienced workmnen.
Jewelry. Watches repaired by experienced workmen.
CHARLES, WN BLAKE,
PRACTICAL.
AND DEALER IS
FINE WATCHES, JEWELRY, SILVER AND PLATED WARES,
No. 3 North Charles Street,
BAL TIM AIR:E.
Clocks, Watches and Jewelry Carefully Repaired.
ww
199 
THE AIONUIMENTAL CITY,
Plated Ware.
',HE  manufacture of Plated Ware was begun in this City about twenty
years ago on a small scale.  The care and skill disp)layed in its production
led to a gradual expansion of the business, and at present Baltimore can
boast of an extensive establishment fitted with all the modern improvements
in machinery, and with a capacity for all classes of work. Gold and Silver
Plated Work and Britannia Wares are produced, which  for excellence of
workmanship  and beauty of design will compare favorably with similar
articles iii any portion of the country.
The fact that the styles of the various factories in America are very different,
and that dealers are compelled to have samples of each, has led to the introduction of Baltimore Plated Ware in all sections of the country, and it has
been received with favor vwherever sent.  The business is largely on  the
increase and dealers can supply themselves in this narket upon terms quite
as reasonable as are offered elsewhere.
Maryland Britannia and Gold and Silver Flate Works
ESTABLIStHED 1850.
WM. H 0 LM ES,
SALES ROO\/I, No. 3 N. CHARILES ST.
Office and Factory, 0os. 50 and 52 Holliday St.
BALTIMORE.
Tiii.
,HE Tin Trade of Baltimore, allusion to which  has already been made in
a previous article, has wonderfully developed in the last few years. The
demand for Tin is always large in a great city, where it is so lavishly
used for household purposes,and of late for coverings for the roofs of buildings;
but this demand has been measurably increased of late by the rapid multiplication of oyster and fruit packing houses, and their immense consumption of
the article in the course of their business. As no Tin mines exist in this
country, the raw material is of course imported from abroad; but the favorable
terms under which it can be brought to this market has led to its importation
200 
ITS PAST IHIISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
in large quantities. We give the statistics of importation from the books of
the Custom House for the year 1871, and the first ten months of 1872:
F    For the first ten months of 1872.
-B- oxes.
150
1 $,785
!, ),goo
13,817
14,387
8,550
9,928
13,825
18,197
11,582
10,289
18,186
January.........
February...     F.....
March...........
April............
May..............
June.............
July..............
August........
September.......
October.........
January........
February.......
Alarch...........
April............
May..............
June.............
July............
August.........
September.......
October.........
ANovember......
December......
Total.........178,656 $1,455,519.00
Total......... 165,596
It will be seen from the above that the importation of this article has
increased in value in the first ten months of the year 1872, $50S,569 over the
entire importation of 1871. The demand for the raw material is increasing
with each successive year. Oyster and fruit packing houses are springing up
in the city, while the large wholesale houses which deal in the article are
multiplying in number and extending their business. All materials requiring
Tin for their manufacture are made in Baltimore in a style of finish and
excellence comparable with any other sections of the country, and at rates
which offer inducements to purchasers. Besides supplying the demand for
the article in this city the wholesale trade is constantly in receipt of orders
from Virginia, West Virginia, West Pennsylvania and all the Southern
States.
GALVANIZED IRON CORNICES.
JAMES WV. GEDDES,
Tin, Galvanized Iron, Copper, Lead, Zinc & Iron Roofing,
Spouts, Gutters, &c.
67 & 69 NORTH ST., BALTIMORE.
AGENT FOR E.G. SMYSER'S VARIETY IRON WORKS, YORK, PA.
13
201
I
For 1871.
Value.
Yctl,tte.
Bo,is.
$820.00
93,189.00
170,648.00
79,635.00
83,042.00
48,058.00
55,160.00
81,116-00
104,122.00
66,742.00
58,224.00
106,194.00
$946,950.00
16,261
14,723
18,242
15,898
25,452
8,186
11,095
20,668
29,562
18,569
$98,052.00
98,508.00
132,112.00
119,933.00
205,489.00
73,860.00
101,880.00
188,246.00
272,921.00
164,518.00 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
ALFRED H. REIP.                  J. HENRY REIP.
3Fx  X3E3' bSN
MANUFACTURERS OF
PLAIN & JAPANNED
TINWARE
AND DEALERS IN
Wooden Ware and Housekeeping Articles,
335 W. Baltimore Street,          BALTIMORE.
Type Foundries.
IOXG the other industries in which Baltimore has made some progress,
is Type manufacture. Two factories are in operation, employing a
number of hands, and absorbing considerable capital. All the various
styles of type are manufactured with skill and elegance, that rival the workmanship of any similar factories in the larger cities of this country, and
RYAN & RICKETTS,
Type,  Stereotype and  Electrotype Founders.
Brass and Bell Founding.
',HE Brass and Bell Founding interest has been largely developed in
Baltimore.  The introduction of gas in our cities and towns, the
extension of water facilities, and the almost universal application of
gas and water to public and private buildings have created an enormous
demand for the necessary fixtures, and have led to such expansion of the
resources and capacity of the establishments in this city as enables them to
compare very favorably with those in any other section of the country. All
articles pertaining to this branch of industry, viz: Plumbers' Brass Work,
Water, Gas and Steam Fixtures, and Apparatus and Bells of all descriptions,
are manufactured by them in quantities to suit the increasing trade, and
with a perfection and finish which are unsurpassed.
The metals of which the articles in this department are composed, such as
tin, zinc, copper, &c., are usually obtained direct, and plumbers' earthen
202 
ITS PAST IHIISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
ware is imported from Europe. So that Baltimore possesses every facility
for supplying the trade at the lowest prices, and it gives us pleasure to
state that the trade is rapidly increasing, especially with the South and
West.
Henry McShane & Co.'s Brass Works were established in 1856. The firm
has rapidly enlarged its sphere of operations, and is to-day one of the largest
establishments of that character in the United States. The Works are
located on North street, the building occupying a front two hundred and fifteen
feet with a depth of one hundred and fifty feet. Two hundred and sixty
hands are employed  by the firm, of  whom  sixty are engaged  in  their
Phoenix Iron Works, Hiolliday street, where six tons of iron are run down
daily into  light castings for plumbers'  and machinists'  use.   Electroplating in silver and gold forms a very important feature of the work of
this firm.
The establishment of Regester & Sons, on HIolliday street, is very extensive, and employs a large number of operatives, many of them skilled workmen.
A special feature of this Foundry is its manufacture of Bells, the excellence
of workmanship displayed therein recommending the firm throughout the
country.
Henry McShane.
HENRY MCSHANE
GENE3RA
BRASS FOUNDERS andFINISHERS
NYos. 147 to 161 North Street, Baltimore,
MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF
BRASS COCKS, Globe, Check and Safety Valves; Water Gauges and Gauge Cocks.
BRASS CASTINGS, for STEAM ENGINE and RAIL ROAD purposes.
BRASS PUMPS of all kinds.
WROUGHT IRON PIPES, Malleable Fittings, BartholomewPatent Water Closets.
IMPORTERS INGOT COPPER & PLUMBERS' WEDGEWOOD WARE.
Dealers in Banca Tin, Pipe and Sheet Lead, Solder and Babbitt's Metal.
PR OPRI_ETORS OF
PHENIX IRON WOE S,
85, 87 & 89 HOLLIDAY STREET,
CAST IRON PIPE,
For Sewer, Drain, Steam and Water, BENDS, BRANCHES, TRAPS, BATIH
TUBS, Hoppers, etc., etc.
ALL KINDS MACHINE CASTINCS.
BRANCH HO USE, 1312 Broadway, New York.
203
John McShane.
& Co. 
204           THE AO[NUM!ENTAL CITY,
Baltimore Bell and  Brass  Works,
JOSHUA RLEGESTER & SONS7
-Yos. 53 and 55 N. HOLLIDAY STREET, BALTIMORE.
E. F. BROOKS,
SPECIALTIES
IN
CRYSTAL, BRO1NZE & GILT
CHANDELIERS.
Staple Goods at Factory Prices.
PLUMBING IN ALL ITS BRANCHES.
None but First-Class Workmen Employed.
17 N. EUTAW STREET,
BALTIMORE.
John H. Haskell's
____  ~~_ /#_C~~Old Established
CARD, LEATIER BELTIIG
And Hose Manufactory,
ALSO A LARGE STOCK OF
__ _____C 0 T T 0 
_A~~~ ~AND
Ral1road Supplies
Oo hatnd, or ftlrllishel  to o'der. 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
Q
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205
O0
CRn
,i 
THE MONUMEITAL CITY,
Iron.
(IHIE Iron Trade of Baltimore is one of her most prominent interests. The
very ground upon which the city is built is an ore-bank, and the neigh 4J boring hills teem with this valuable metal in the crude state, ready to be
manipulated at the least possible expense, for the purposes of trade. The
Iron made from this ore has the highest reputation for car-wheels and
malleable purposes. It is known all over this country and is in great demand
from the extreme East to the West, being considered by the trade superior to
all other Iron for such uses. The numerous water courses in the vicinity of
Baltimore immediately adjacent to the main lines of communication, offer
admirable facilities for smelting ore, while the railroads running directly to
the coal mines, or the localities where charcoal is prepared, reduce the cost
and transportation of fuel to a minimum figure, which enables manufacturers
to produce the metal with profit to themselves, and at reasonable rates to
consumers. The furnaces which supply the trade of Baltimore are twentysix in number, of which twenty-three are at present in blast, and doing a very
active and increasing business. Of the above, fifteen are charcoal furnaces,
four anthracite, and three are coke. The production of Iron in the aggregate,
amounted in 1872, to 54,000 tons. In connection with these furnaces are a
number of Bar and Plate Iron Works, which do a heavy business-one company alone running four Plate Mills, which yield an annual product of
$1,000,000 in value.   Aside from the Rolling Mills of the great railroad
corporations, which have termini in this city, there are works for the manufacture of Railroad and Plated Iron, Car-Wheels, Rivets and Spikes, Boilers,
Steam Engines, &c., &c., which in magnitude and excellence of workmanship
will compare favorably with similar manufacturing establishments in any
portion of the country.
AATT IRON
MANUFACTURERS
LER AND
BILTIMC
MADE FOR RE
J. S. GILMATN,
Vice-President.
206
C. X1. ASIIBURlNER,
President.
J. A. L. MORRELL,
Treasurer and Secretary. 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
ESTABLISHED 1871.
GERMAN H. HUNT.
POOLE & HUNT,
FOUNDERS & MACHINISTS,
WORKS
AT
WOOII[I~1C1tYl
Baltimore Co.
MANUFACTURERS OF
PORTABLE & STATIONARY STEAM ENGINES,
ST EAM BOILEIRS,
Babcock &  Wilcox's Patent Tubutlous Steam  Boiler,
THE CELEBRATED
Leffel Patent American DOUBLE TURBINE WATER  WHEEL,
THEIBEST W.ATER WHBEEL IN EXISTENCE.
CIRCULAR SAW MILLS, GANG SAW MILLS,
EBAUGH'S PATENT CRUSHER FOR MINERALS, &C
MINING MACHINERY, GRIST MILLS,
FLOURING MILL MACHINERY, HYDROSTATIC PRESSES,
SHAFTING, PULLEYS AND HANGERS.
Machinery for White Lead Works, Cotton Seed and other Oil Mills.
The Proprietors possess in their extensive and well appointed Workshops, (between
whlich and the Office there is instantaneous communication by means of Magnetic Telegraph Wires,) unsurpassed facilities for the Manufacture of MACHINERY and CASTINGS of the largest and heaviest character, and of the best quality, both as regards
materials and workmanship. They will be pleased to have a call from any who are in
want of good Machinery in their line of manufacture, or to reply to inquiries by mail;
and promise their best effort to please purchasers, both as to quality and price.
ADDRESS,             POOLE &  HUNT,
BALTIMORE.
207
ROBERT POOLE.
Northern
Central
Railway, 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
STICKNEY IRO COMPANY,
CLINTON STREET, CANTON.
CHARCOAL PI G I RO N.
J. H. STICKNEY, PRESIDENT.   WILLIAM OLIVER, JR., MANAGER.
WILLIAMI HARVEY, SECRETARY. REED, STICKNEY & CO., SELLING AGENTS.
OFTFICE,-No. 42 SECOND STREET,
BAL TI MOR E.
TROXELLm HANDY & GREER,
AGENTS FO:
ANTHRACITE, CHARCOAL AND COKE PIG IRON,
AND
CHARCOAL HA1MMERED BLOOMS.
Dealers in Bar, Bundle and Sheet Iron; Cut Nails and Spikes;
Horse and blule Shoes, &e.
Corner Charles and German Sts.  B A L T I M O R E.
208 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
WM. KEYSER.                   H. IRVINE KEYSER
AL~xcm  m-amRw w~m I'w^e
AGENTS F 02
ANTHRACITE, CHARCOAL & COKE PIG IRON,
SCOTCH PIG IRON,
DEALERS IN ALL DESCRIPTIONS OF
Bar, Sheet and Boiler Plate Iron, Cast and Spring Steel, Nails and Iorse Shoes.
CORNER CAL VERT AND GERMAN STREETS,
B ALTIMORE.
MON UMENT IRON  WORKS.
DENMEAD & SON,
Corner North and Monument Streets, Baltimore,
MIANUFACTURERS OF STATIONARY AND PORTABLE
STEAM ENGINES AND BOILE:RS
OF A:LL SIZES_
DAVID'S PATENT PULVERIZING MIILLS, for Guanos, Bones and other hard
substanlces.
GRIFFITH & WUNDRA)I'S PATENT SAFETY-TUBE BOILERS.
THE BALTIMORE STEAM BOILER WORKS,
No. 25 SOUTH FRONT ST.,
B ALT I E OR s,
Manufacture STEAM BOILERS of every description,
TANKS, STILLS,
AND ALL KINDS OP PLATE IRON WORK.
C. W. BENTLEY, PRESIDENT.   JNO. E. BENTLEY, SECRETARY.
SAMUEL G. TAYLOR.
& TAYLOR,
B3)   le a B  QMr la
349                im        7         )    i Lma9ES X 
CORNER IHOLLIDAY AND HILLEN STREETS,
Near Hillen Street Bridge,        B A L T I M O R E.
Manufacturers of all kinds of BATH and STEAM BOILERS, WATER TANKS, OIL
STILLS, SMOKE STACKS, &c., &c.
PARTICULAR ATTENTION GIVEN TO REPAIRS.
209
JOH[N T. COLEMAN.
COLEMAN 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
THOMAS C. BASSHOR & CO.
28 Light Street, Baltimore
Manufacturers and Dealers in
BOILERS, ENGINES, PUMPS,
Plain and Galvanized Iron Pipe,
Fittings, Brass Work, Heaters, &c.
Steam Heating in all its branches.
SOLE AGENTS FOR
Bacon's Hoisting Engines, Earle's Patent Steam 
Pump, Pickering's Governor and Valve, Cham pion's Patent Boiler Feeder, American Steam
Guage Co.'s Steam Guages, Brown's Low  _
Water Reporter, &e. &c.  --
SEND FOR CATALOGUE.
C. IBEIEDERi & CO.
No. 51 Hughes Street, Baltimxnore,
MANUFACTURERS OF
M AR I NE
AND
STATIONARY STEAM ENGINES.
MLachinery and Castings of all kinds.
FLYNN & EMRICH,
50, 52 and 54 North Holliday Street, Baltimore,
MANUFACTURERS OF
Steam Engines & Boilers, Iron & Wood Working Machinery, Presses, Punches,
Dies and Tinners' Tools of every description, and all kinds of Machinery.
SOLE AGENTS FOR
Knowles' Patent Steam Pump, New York Safety Steam Power Company's
Engines and Boilers, and Clogston's Patent Steam Heating Apparatus.
STEAM HEATING, WITH CLOGSTON'S HIGH OR LOW PRESSURE STEAM
HEATING APPARATUS, for Warming and Ventilating Public and Private Buildings,
Mills, Factories, Green Houses, Graperies, &c. The above apparatus may be seen in
operation at our own establishment.
CUMBERLAND DUCAN & CO.
NO. 26 SOUTII CHARLES ST., BALTIMORE,
KEEPS ALWAYS ON HAND A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF
ENGINES and BOIELERS
BOTH STATIONARY AND PORTABLE.
LATHES, PLANERS and DRILLS for working in Iron; LATHES, PLANERS
and MOULDING MACHINES; MORTICING MACHINES and SAW TABLES for
working in Wood; ANVILS, VISES, BELLOWS, NUTS and WASHERS; WROUGHT
IRON and CAST IRON PIPE, for Gas and Water; PORTABLE FORGES and DRILL
PRESSES for Blacksmiths; STEAM PUMPS, all sizes, &c. &c.
210 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
E:TNGINES
Hoe,Sors OW: 
Hotels, Stores, Warehouses, &c., &c.
ALSO,
HOISTING    IN
For Shipping,Wharves, Coal Yards, Mines, Tunnels, &c.
SNOWDEN & COWMAN,
86 W. Fayette Street,
BALTIMORE.
IRON FOUNDER
AND MANUFACTURER OF
For Warehouses, Hotels, Dwellings, &C.
CORNER PRATT AND PRESIDENT STREETS,
-BALTIMORlE.
ANDREW MERKER.                                   GUSTAV KRUG.
A. MERKER & KRUC,
Manufacturers of every Description of
XR1O N WO(I
S. W. Cor. Saratoga and Jasper Streets,
BETWEEN EUTAW AND PACA,
BALTIMORE,
Such as Wrought and Cast Iron RAILINGS, DOORS, SHUTTERS and SAFES, and are
prepared to put up work in the city and country at the shortest notice, and on reasonable
terms. All Orders promptly attended to.
211
STE9A
Al DI:
ENGINES
MANUFACTURED BY
qy    3M 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
HUTCHINSON BROS.
MIANUFACTURERS OF THE
NEW "FLAT TOP"
nos/tt ele   Intakee        D'Ruer i
AGENTS FOR THE
Golden Eagle Furnace,
No. 14 LIG-HT STREET,
BALTIMORIFE.
WM. E. WOOD & CO.
Inventors and Manufacturers of the
P             x  I.__ ]                     A  _,Em
SIX SIZES, FOR FAMILIES AND HOTELS.
Also of the Lightning and Parlor Sun Fire Place Heaters.
Agents for the Lawson Hot-Air Furnaces, Warren Upl)er Oven Ranges, cagzd
the most approved Uook aczd Heat Stoves, Grates, Registers, &c.
Special attention paid to the manufacture and erection of GOLD'S STEAM HEATING
and VENTILATING APPARATUS; New Forms of Cast Iron Direct and Indirect
RADIATORS, for Steam or Hot Water; Agents for CONDE'S CHALLENGE STEAM
PUMP and AMERICAN GOVERNOR; Dealers in Wrought Iron PIPE, FITTINGS,
VALVES, COCKS, and MACHINISTS' SUPPLIES GENERALLY.
Wff. E. WOOD  & CO., cor. Baltimore & Eutaw Sts., Baltimoi-e.
DUFUR & CO3
No. 36(3,^,*QQ,  
N. HOWARD T.
YIanufacturers of.     
'K7E~.EI ~KAILI
Wire Gratin, Sieves, Fenders, Chtees, Wire Cloth, Coil
and Sand S creens, also Ir"oz Bedsteads, Chairs, Tc.
3SAML. H. WAITE],
MANUFACTURER OF
Ship, Steamboat and Yacht Fixtures,
SHIP CHANDLERY, HARDWARE
Anchors and Chains,
HUGHES AND COVINGTON STS., SOUTH BALTIMORE.
212 
4
ITS PAST IHIISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
Rivets and Spikes.
ON 1865, a Factory was established in this city, under very modest auspices,
for the manufacture of Rivets and Spikes.  The concern prospered, and
%  from time to time was enlarged.  It passed subsequently into the hands of
one of our most energetic citizens, and has become one of the largest establishinents in America. That which was originally a mere machine shop possesses
to-day a capacity almost unlimited for the manufacture of all the smaller
articles known to the trade in connection with Railroads, Boilers, &c., such
(ats Rivets and Spikes, Bolts of all kinds, Nuts, Washers, Wood Screws, &c.
Already the trade in these articles from this Factory has assumed large
proportions in our city and elsewhere. Large quantities of them are shipped
through the country, North, South and West, and the trade is on the increase.
Purchasers can be supplied in our city at the most reasonable rates, and
the skill displayed in their production is a guarantee that buyers will be
satisfied.
Removed to Corner President and Fawn Streets.
u~~~~~~~~~~V Pd t?
E-4
ENOCH PRATT.                  HENRY JANES.
E. PRATT & BROTHER,
27 aned 29 South Charles Street, Baltimore.
IRON, CUT NAILS, SPIKES,
MULE SHOES.
Taunton Yellow Metal and Cumberland Coal.
M.    sabt |    o.,    iano-  artt ttnufcturtr5,
Ware.-Rooms, No. 350 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore.
112 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY.
21,3
r=
'e~
~
io
HORSE AND 
THE MOWUoSFENTAL CITY,
BRYAN1: 1  S
Nos. 6 and 8 N. Ch7arles Street, Baltimore.
Architectural Iron Works.
F the many uses to which Iron is put, none are more comprehensive than
the modern application of it in the erection of warehouses.   The advan     tages claimed for buildings constructed of this material are ease in
embodying any architectural design, economy in cost, space, moving or
rebuilding, security against atmospheric phenomena, such as lightning,
moisture, &c.; ease of ventilation, durability of material and immunity from
fire. We have in Baltimore one of the largest establishments in the country
for the manufacture of Architectural Iron Works. Bartlett, Robbins & Co.
began business in 1844 as stove founders. They soon added the manufacture of railing and ornamental work generally, and later on added the
business of Architectural Iron Work proper. A large number of first-class
iron buildings have been erected by them in this city; among which may be
mentioned, as monuments of their skill, and admirable illustrations of the
advantages of this new method of house-building, the following: the Tracy
Building, Baltimore street; Numsen Building, Light street; Consolidated
Building, corner German and South streets; Office Building of George R.
Vickers, German near South street; McCreery Building, corner German and
Sharp streets; Gary Building, on Hanover street; Noah Walker Building,
on Baltimore street above Howard; and J. W. Bond & Co.'s Building, Nos. 90
and 92 West Baltimore Street, opposite Post Office Avenue.
The Works of this firm are very extensive, embracing every facility for
the manufacture of material used in the construction or enjoyment of an
iron building to the minutest detail; walls, floors, doors, windows, roof, porticoes, balconies, cornices, vaults, ventilators, fences, gates, fountains, vases,
statuary, chairs, settees, gas and water fixtures, a heating apparatus, ranges
or cooking stoves, parlor stoves, grates, brackets, stable fixtures, iron pavements, pots and kettles, culinary implements, bedsteads, in fact everything
except beds and bedding, and science will doubtless ere long find some means
of remedying this apparent difficulty. Independent of the work done in
Baltimore by Bartlett, Robbins & Co., they are constantly in receipt of orders
from other cities, and already have erected many iron buildings in New
York, Richmond, Raleigh, New Orleans, Galveston, as far as Portland, Oregon,
where they erected the "Corbett Hall," a building constructed at their works
in Baltimore and carried around Cape Horn to its destination on the Pacific.
214
W. H. SADLSER, Preset. 
P4
T.
-4
FOUNDRY, COB. SCOTT AND PRATT STS.
OFFICE, 24 LIG}Ht STPENET. 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
Iron Bridge Building.
iRON Bridge Building, since the advent of Railroads in this country has
assumed mammoth proportions.  The multiform character of the work,
,  the exceeding nicety required in construction, and the eminent engineering
skill necessary, have made it a very important branch of industry, and have
led to the employment of some of the ablest minds in America. Baltimore
in this regard occupies a prominent position, in fact she is not second to any
of our large cities. Two extensive Firms, the Patapsco Bridge and Iron Works,
and the Baltimore Bridge Company have been established in this city with
branches in other places. The former especially has erected very extensive
works in our midst necessitating a large outlay of capital and requiring for
their operations a heavy laboring force. Collectively these Firms have manufactured twelve miles of Bridging and Trestle-work.   To mention in this
work the names of the various railroad corporations that have sought their
skill would exceed the limits necessarily allotted to this department. Suffice
it to say, their industry may be seen on nearly every railroad in this country,
and on a number of railroads in South America. The Patapsco Bridge and
Iron Company have built two and a half miles of Bridging and Trestle-work
in North Carolina, crossing and connecting both branches of the Cape Fear
River, and using Pneumatic Piles instead of masonry, and passing through
three separate strata of rock in the bed of the river, encountering in the last
two strata cypress trees from ten to thirty inches in diameter, and in a perfect
state of preservation. They have also constructed Bridges in Cuba and Mexico;
and the numerous Bridges built in this city and on the railroads and county
roads leading out of it, bear ample testimony to the estimation in which they
are held.
The Baltimore Bridge Company constructed the St. Charles Bridge across
the Missouri River 6,675 feet in length and 90 feet above low water, the Rock
Island Bridge across the Mississippi 1,840 feet in length, the great Varrugas
Viaduct which spans one of the deep chasms in the heart of the Andes
12,000 feet above the level of the sea, on wrought iron pins at a maximum
elevation of 252 feet, and a number of other works which attest their skill.
The science of pneumatics has been specially availed of, and piles of the
largest dimensions ever yet sunk have been successfully laid in the swamps of
North Carolina. It must be borne in mind, in order to appreciate the extent
of this business in Baltimore, that the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad builds
its own Bridges. A better market than our city for those in need of this kind
of work cannot be found in the world. There are very extensive iron and
machine shops in Baltimore comprehensive in their scope, where every class of
iron-work is done.
216 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
BALTIMORE BRIDGE CO.
54 LEXINGTON STREET,
BALTIMORE.
71 BROADWAY,
C. SHALEE  SMITH,
PRESIDENT AND CHIEF ENG'R.
T. H. SMITE,
ASSOCIATE ENG'R AND GEN'L SUP'T.
C. E. LATROBE,
ASSOCIATE ENG'R, SECT'Y AND TREAS'R.
BENJAMIN E. LATROBE, Consulting Engineer.
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCT
Iron, Steel and Composite Bridges and Roofs
OF ANY FORM AND SPAN DESIRED.
Ouer  Patert Wtrouffht-Iroz Yiadcots a,nd  Trestles for
crossing deep Ravines a,nd wide  I'alleys
care a specialty.
We refer to the Rock Island Bridge across the Mississippi, built for the United States;
to the St. Charles Bridge across the Missouri, on the North Missouri Railroad; to the
Varrugas Viaduct for the Lima and Oroya Railroad, Peru, 252 feet high. These with
numerous other Railroad and Highway Bridges, &c., amount to an aggregate of 41,000
lineal feet of Bridging and Viaduct, designed and constructed by us during the past six
years. We are prepared to furnish first-class
COUNTY ROAD-BRIDGES,
And Commissioners can obtain any desired information from us.
Lithographs Sent on Application.
14
217
- - NEW YOR[K.
* * 
C. C. WRENSHIALL,
SUP'T OF ERECTION.
I-Agt  XA-',? 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
PATAPSCO BRIDGE AND IRON WORKS,
WENDELL BOLLMAN, PROPRIETOR,
The only Establishment in Baltimore Manufacturing its own Bridges,
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i —
~                                                                   1 I4 
{MANUFACTURE 
BOLLMAN'S PATENT SUSPENSION TRUSS,
And other forms of Iron and Combination Bridges, Roofs, Iron Fronts and every description of Cast and Wrought Iron Work for Buildings and Railroad construction.
PNIEUMATIC PILTE,
Having on hand all the necessary appliances for sinking the same, we would call especial
attention to our great facilities for executing this branch of work.
THIEMEYER'S PATENT SWITCHES.
Eight-Inch Cast Iron Revolving Statiorn Water Colutmn,
Which will fill locomotive tanks in about one minute, and such as used on the Baltimore
and Ohio Railroad.
MARINE WORK IN ALL ITS BRANCHES.
The most improved designs and thorough execution guaranteed in the construction of
all classes of work.
OFFICE, No. 8 S. Gay St., Baltimore,            WORKS, Canton, Baltimore.
GEO. W. P. COATES.                                      CHAS. E. COATES.
COATES & BROTHERK
LOCUST PuiNT ROLLNG MILLS,
BALTIMORE,
Manufacturers of Best Charcoal Iron, for LOCOMOTIVE and MARINE
BOILERS; also, best Iron for Tube and Gas Pipe furnished.
No. 1 Iron for Cylinder Boilers, and Common Puddled Plate for Tanks, made
at short notice. Iron from 1 inch thick to No. 27. Wire Gauge furnished.
Note.-.All Iron exposed to Fire reheated and warranted sound.
SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF HOM[OGENEOUS "PATAPSCO  PLATES."
Coal.
MONG the many branches of industry which have contributed to the
development and financial advancement of Baltimore City, the Coal
trade may be specially cited.  The inexhaustible supplies of Bituminous Coal furnished from the Cumberland Coal regions, the superior quality
of the article, the Gas Coal from West Virginia, and the Anthracite Coal
brought to the City from the Coal regions of Pennsylvania, all point to Balti
218 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
more as a centre for that trade, and the lines of railroad now in process of
construction, and the contemplated extension of others at no distant day,
make it scarcely problematical that our City is to be in the future, the most
extensive Coal market in America if not in the world.  The Bituminous Coal
regions, situated about two hundred miles from Baltimore and extending
along the Georges Creek Valley from Piedmont to Frostburg, have never been
fully explored. Hidden away there are endless mines of wealth which the
labor of a thousand years will not appreciably diminish. It is only within
the last few years that the real value of Bituminous Coal has been discovered.
The strikes and difficulties encountered by operators at the Anthracite mines,
and the sudden elevation of prices resulting therefrom, have led to its introduction where it was before unknown, and its use has been attended in every
instance with a desire to repeat the experiment. The rapid substitution of
steam in every branch of industry and trade for the ruder and slower appliances has already created an immense demand for its use, but what may be
expected in the future can scarcely be hypothecated upon any data at present
in hand. But a few years ago, 1,700 tons were considered a heavy shipment of
Coal from the mines for one year-2,345,153 tons were shipped from the
mines in 1871, and 2,355,471 tons in 1872, and this, though a very decided
indication of the increase in the trade, gives but a feeble idea of what it will
be in future years when competing routes are opened up and the supply is
made commensurate with the demand for Bituminous Coal. There were shipped
to Baltimore in 1872, 1,915,000 tons from the Cumberland Coal regions; of
Gas Coal from Western Virginia, 250,000 tons; of Anthracite Coal from Pennsylvania about 350,000 tons. The completion of the Pittsburg and Connellsville Railroad has opened up to the market another region of Gas Coal from
which doubtless in a short time large supplies will be obtained. The Coal at
present received in Baltimore affords freight for 5,000 vessels, ranging in size
from the largest class of ships to the smallest coasting schooners. It is shipped
to all ports along the coast of the United States, and during the past eighteen
months a foreign trade has sprung into existence which bids fair to rival that
of any port in the world. Two years ago, Coal was seldom shipped from
Baltimore to any foreign port except Aspinwall. Since that time, Cumberland Coal has grown rapidly into favor. A panic, caused by well-grounded
fears of the exhaustion of the English Coal mines, has seized upon the operators in Great Britain and the prices have steadily advanced with no likelihood
of any reduction. The result has been a demand upon the Baltimore market
which it has been found at times difficult to meet, and to-day, Coal is shipped
from this City to all quarters of the globe. The immense resources of the
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal are taxed
beyond their capacity to supply the market, and the extension of the Western
Maryland Railroad to the Coal regions is merely a matter of time, while the
Canton Company have it in contemplation to run a shorter and quicker route
to the Bituminous Coal regions and to Pittsburg by means of which the trade
- a indefinitely extended.
1,zl9
II 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
GILMOR MEREDITH.             BENJAMIN C. BARROLL, JR.
GILMOR MEREDITH & CO.
SHIPPING AND COMMISSION MERCHANTS,
AGENTS
PACIFIC MAIL STEAMSHIP CO.
To negotiate Coal Charters to Aspinwall, Panama, Acapulco, San Francisco and Ports in
Japan and China,
Consolidation Coal Company of Md.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
GEORGES CREEK CUMBERLAND COAL,
AND OF THE
UNION1 MINING CO.
Manufacturers of the Celebrated "Mount Savage" FIRE BRICK and CLAY,
-No. 25 SOUTH GAY STREET,
P. O. Box 773.               BALTIMOORIE.
SAML. S. CARROLL.
MAYER, CARROLL
SHIPPING AND COMMISSION MERCHANTS,
Miners and Shippers
OF
Georges Creek Cumberland Coal,
AND
WEST VIRGINIA GAS AND CANNEL
COALS.
Receive Coal on consignment for Shipping and negotiate Coal Charters to all Domestic
and Foreign Ports.
No. 13 GERMAN STREET,
(Near South Street,)
Shipping Wharf, Locust Point.    (P.O. Box 257.)    BALTIMORPV
220
CHS. F. MAYER.
&  CO.
I 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
Petroleum.
ALTIMIORE offers great facilities for the refining and shipment of Petro   leum or Coal Oil; and these are rapidly effecting an increase in the
~ amount passing through this market. The double connection by rail with
the oil region, the cheap rates of transportation, and the abundant means of
storage, compare favorably with those offered by any other seaport.  The
completion of the Union Railroad, with its tunnel, will still farther promote
this traffic; so will also the competition of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
effecting a reduction in freights. As a market for southern purchasers, Baltimore is unequalled.
CANTON,
MERRITT,JONES & CO.
0FSFIOE, N'o. 56 EXCEAI~GE PLACE,
Next door to Post Office on Lombard Street,
__      BALTIMORE.
Paints and Chemicals.
M!ANY  years ago the manufacture of Chemicals was an especial feature of
l the trade of this City in so much that cities of larger growth were
<    dependent upon Baltimore for their supplies.  For some unexplained
reason the business dwindled down and the preparation of these articles fell
away to almost nothing. The introduction of guano, however, as a fertilizer,
and the discovery that its nutritive properties were vastly increased when in
combination with other compounds dissolved by acid, led to a revival of the
manufacture of Chemicals under circumstances which justify us in concluding
if not at present, that it will ere long be one of the most important industries
in our City.
The number of factories for the manufacture of Oil of Vitrol, Muriatic
and Nitric Acids and Sulphate of Ammonia has doubled, and those already
in existence have largely increased their capacity.
Immense quantities of Sulphuric Acid are required in the preparation of
fertilizers, and as the manufacture of the latter article is largely on the increase
221
ODIL, WORldS,
BALTIMORE. 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
in this City it is difficult to fix a limit to the expansion of trade in these
articles.
Epsom Salts, (Sulphate of Magnesia)  Glauber Salts (Sulphate of Soda)
and (Sulphate of Iron) Copperas, are manufactured in great quantities for
the use of the wholesale druggists. In these regards our City may be considered independent of any other community. Large quantities of indigenous
roots possessing Chemical or remedial properties are also consumed in Baltimore by the wholesale dealers in medicines, and are sent to all portions of the
country. The manufacture of medicines, with the exception of those already
mentioned, has recently become an interest in the City, but the energy and
enterprise displayed by those engaged in the business, lead to the conclusion
that it is soon to become a very important branch of industry.
Large amounts of money are invested in the wholesale drug business, and
the gentlemen engaged in it are among our substantial and leading citizens.
The only establishment in America for the manufacture of Bi-Chromate of
Potash, is located here, and the largest factory in the world for the manufacture of Chrome Yellow is also located in this City.  Paints of every description are manufactured at this factory, but Chrome Yellow has become a
specialty and is exported in large quantities to all quarters of the globe. In
South America, European manufactures have found it impossible to compete
with Baltimore, and at this time trade with that country is practically
monopolized by our dealers.
The reputation of Baltimore for the manufacture of Paints is equal to that
of any city in the world.   Large supplies of Soda, RPoots, Dye Woods,
Cochineal and Quick Silver, are imported from South America and West
Indies, besides Nitrate of Potash from the East Indies, and Arsenic and Paris
Green from other places. Salt-Petre, for packers in the West, is extensivly
manufactured in Baltimore. It is estimated that fully $5,000,000 are invested
in the manufacture of Paints and Chemicals in the city of Baltimore, and it
is difficult to fix an estimate to the amount of sales made annually.
It may be added that the Maryland White Lead Company, who are very
large corroders, have one of the most extensive establishments in the country.
There are other houses largely engaged in the manufacture and grinding in
oil of White Lead, White Zinc and Colors. Baltimore Lead is shipped to all
parts of the United States, and has a reputation equalled by few articles of a
similar character made elsewhere and excelled by none.  Baltimore has also
one of the oldest Varnish Factories in America for manufacturing fine
Furniture and Coach Varnishes, Japan, Leather and Dormer Varnishes.This house has been manufacturing these goods for forty years. Among the
houses engaged in the manufacture of Linseed Oil is the firm of Thomas and
John M. Smith, established nearly thirty years ago. The reputation of this
house for the production of a pure article is national. Raw and Double
Boiled Linseed Oils are manufactured by them and shipped to many points in
the North, South, East and West.
222 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.  223
JOHN J. THOMSEN.  ALONZO LILLY, JR.  JOHN P. MUTH.
THOMSEN LILLY G& W.
Wholsae;'wggi ~  go
IMPORTERS OF
DRUGS, CHEMICALS, DYE-STUFFS,
ESSENTIAL OILS, SPONGES, CHAMOIS SKINS,
And a General Assortment of
M ~UGGISTS' FANCY FOODS
No. 26 HANOVER ST7R:EET.
EDWARDI: An SMITE,
MANUFACTURING
!hLKb imisi  add Phaarmaist.
Fluid and Solid Medicinal Extracts.
Pure Natural Fruit Juices and Syrups.
Artificial Fruit Essences, Distilled
Waters.
Standard Pharmaceutical and Chemical
Preparations.
No. 52 S. SHARP ST., BALTIMORE. 
THE TMONUMENTAL CITY,
Wl. H1. BROWN & BRO0
NO. 25 SOUTH SHARP STREET,
BALTIMORE,
Importers and Jobbers of
Drugs, Medicines, Chemicals,
ESSENTIAL OILS, CORKS, SPONCES,
Fancy Goods, Perfumery and Druggists' Sundries.
vnu           0 00e*
TAis is thAe name of
One of the Sweetest  Perfumes in America.
It is 7made by otr fellowv-towrsmar, W. if. R]ET)D,  and
hAs a large sale..iny ore tAhat uses it
once will never be without it.
IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN
DYE-WOOD,  DYE-STUFFS,  GLUE,
I)tdigo, JMadder, Bi- Carbonate of Soda, Etc.
OIL VITRIOL AND CHEMICALS
FOR MAKING
SUPER - PHOSPHATES AN D FERTI L IZERS,
36 & 38 Southi Charles St., B1altimore.
MARYLAND PAINT & COLOR WORKS
Established 18QS8.
G. & N. POPPLJEIN, JR.
No. 27  IIANOVEI STREET, BALTIMORE,
allanufactuLrers, Importers and Dealers in
Pacints, Colors, Oils, Varnishes, JBrtshes; Flint, Stnd and
Emerey Papers;.4rtists', Gilders' and Pa,in,ters' Sup  plies; LithographAers' Yellows; Treeo's Chrome
Yellows for Export; Baltimore do. do.;.4me      rican Fermillions; Chrome Greens, 4c.
224
R. J. BAKER
& CO. 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
BALTIMORE CHROME WORKS,
JESSE TYSON, President,
MANUFACTORY OF
BI-CHROMATE
Having large Works in the South-Eastern part of the City. Started in 1845. For
several years the markets in the United States have been mainly
supplied with Bi-Chromate by this Establishment.
WM. STUART SYMINGTON.   THOS. A. SYMINGTON.
Patapsco Chemical  orks,
SYMINGTON BROS. & CO.
MANUFACTUREIRS OF
ACIDS & OTHER CHEMICALS,
Works on Locust Point,  Office, 44 South Street,
BALTIMoR E.
CHAS. F. PITT & SONS,
Importers aid Commllissioll Merchants,
116 LOMB13ARD STREET,
Baltiinore.
Soda Ash, Caustic Soda, Sal
Rosin, Indigo, Jute Butts,
WM. DAVISON & CO.
MANUFACTURERS OF
VARNISHES, WHITE LEAD,
FRENCIH AND AMERICAN ZINCS IN OIL,
Ep)so7m  % Stlts, Reftreed Sal[tpetre, Spa7?zisA Brown,
Ye7i,icia ]Red, Colors, Putty,
La104 Wet  Bac7cr,  tic.
104 West Lombard  Streets Baltimore.
225
OF POTASH,
Soda,
&C. 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
GILBERT T. SMITH, Se'y.
Maryland White Lead Company
OF THE CITY OF BALTIMORE.
MJanufacturers of
PUREi itRY "\ i?~ITH ILEA~
Office —No. 89 West Lo)jgtb(at(i Str,eet.
Factory-Locust Point.
D I    RCTO  S.
CHARLES J. BAKER,            THOMAS M. SMITH,
JAMES E. TYSON,              JOHN GREGG.
Incorporated 1867
ITAL,.. $300.0OOO.
With a corroding capacity of 3,000 tons and upwards per annum, this
Company possesses unsurpassed facilities for the manufacture of WHITE
LEAD, (dry and ground in oil,) which is guaranteed to be strictly pare
and in every respect equal in quality to the very finest made.
226
WM. DAVISON, President.
A.ND
C AP 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
THOS. & JNO. M. SMITH,
-l/I:ANF:CT~~E =R S O19
LINSEED OIL,
Nos. 121 and 123 Smith's Wharf,
B3BALTIMORTE.
READ! READ! READ! —CREAT DISCOVERY!
Dra~dleyl-a Pa$htezl t                                        P-n,n 
.==,____- Mlade fromn Pure White Lead, Linseed Oil and Zinc,
/1,;   Ad  ~~~and always Ready for utse.
y I, _,           Sold by the Gallon.
I ONE GALLON COVERS 20 SQUARE YARDS TWO COATS.
C. P. KNIGHT,
SOLE AGE NT',
No. 93 W. LOMBARD ST., BALTIMORE.
Sp)ecignens and Price Listfurnished gratis.
THE PLAINS, FAUQuIEI  Co., VA., February 6thll, 1873.
SIR. C. P. KNXGHT —Sir:-The "Paint" came safely to hand as ordered-two kegs, five
gallons each, and three buckets, one gallon each. As practice was slack, I did the job
myself. Two weeks, not constant work, completed the house, two coats. The last coat
I applied thick, and it is now generally conceded, that for "Enamel" like hardness, and
body, and harmony of colors, there is not a handsomer job in the place. I SAVED SIXTYFIVE ($65) DOLLARS by the operation, which is an item just now with "Southern People."
It should be generally adopted in this State. Any country lad can apply it.
I never dabbed in such stock as Testimonials, but I feel so forcibly the great adaptability of your "Enamel Paint" to the wants of our people in excellency of material, in
beauty of color, and in the fact of its being READY MIXED, that I give you free permission
(if it is desirable to you) to make what use you think proper of this letter.
Very respectfully and truly,              S. McGILL, M.D.
Naval Stores.
1HE steady improvement in the market for Naval Stores in our City is
due to greater facilities as well as lower rates of freights arising from
shorter lines of road, which enable Baltimore to compete favorably with
Northern markets.
The establishment of additional lines of Steamers to Europe will soon
restore the foreign freight room of which the introduction of steam lines
temporarily deprived our city by monopolizing the more lucrative freights
227
F-laxseed Bouglht. 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
and thus dispensing with a large number of sailing vessels. The superiority
of Baltimore over any one Southern market lies in the fact that, receiving
from all points South, she can offer the produce of many markets, and
forward in thorough order, merchandize which has been in transit from two
to five days, the time requisite for reaching the City.
We append the receipts at this port for the last five years:
Years.         Spirits.         Rosin.            Tar.            Pit&c.
1872......... 21,407........... 77,990............ 10,207........... 3,168
18'71,.......... 22,852............ 79,352........11,302............ 1,941
1870,.......... 15,523.......  66,003............ 8,088........... 781
1869,......... 14,434............  51,520............ 5,686...........870
1868,......... 11,646.........53,904............ 6,629........... 649
EDGAR MI. LAZARUS.                  ROBT. A. TAYLOR.
E. M. LAZARUS & CO.
COMMISSION MEECHANTS
59 S. Gay Street, B3altimrnore,
FOR THE SALE OF
COTTON AND NAVAL STORES.
KEEPING CONSTANTLY ON HAND
SPIRITS TURPEXTINE, all grades of ROSIN, all sires
and kinds of TAR and PITCH.
C. MORTON STEWART.
C. MORTON STEWART & CO.
GENERAL 
BAL TIMORF.
LINS.             JOHNS H. JANNEY.
HOPKINS & JANNEY,
COMMISSION MERCHANTS
FOR SALE OF
Cotton, Naval Stores, oC.
18 SPEAR'S WHARFP, BALITIMORE.
228
FRANK FRICK.
L. N. HOP] 
ITS PAST IHIISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
Window Glass and Glass Ware.
~0EW articles admit of more general consumption than Glass, and still
fewer are liable to a more constant demand. Its varied uses and its
brittle character make it the subject of constant solicitude alike to the
housekeeper and the merchant, and its plentifulness and cheapness a matter
of no little consideration. The attention of the trade of Baltimore was turned
to the manufacture of Window Glass and Glass Ware in the very infancy of
the City; and the matter of its production and sale was of great importance,
when only the most sanguine of our citizens dared hope for the splendid
future that has since dawned upon her. A Glass Factory known as the
"Baltimore Glass Works," was established on Federal Hill, on the south side
of the Basin, during the year 1790, and was among the first establishments of
that description in America. For nearly eighty years it has been in continuous and successful operation, undergoing from time to time vast additions
and extensive improvements. Sixteen years since, a new factory was started
at the Spring Gardens for the manufacture of Bottles, Vials, Jars, &c. In
1858 this factory changed proprietors, and like its predecessor has undergone
many improvements, its capacity having been enlarged at various times until
at present there are in operation two furnaces for the manufacture of Bottles,
Vials, Jars, Flasks, Demijohns and a great variety of other articles. One
flint furnace from which are turned out Tumblers, Chimneys, Jars, Vials,
Cologne and Extract Bottles and all the little Glass articles for the toilet, and
the perfumers art. These works employ some two hundred hands and manufacture yearly $200,000 worth of Glass Ware. For the manufacture of this
large amount of Glass it may be interesting to enumerate some few of the
more important materials consumed. In the space of twelve months this
factory uses 500 casks of soda ash, 2,000 tons of coal, 500 tons of packing hay
and straw, 2,000 tons of sand, 50 tons of marl, 1,000 cords of wood, 500 tons
of lime, 1,000,000 feet of lumber, 10 tons of iron, 50 tons of pot-clay, 300
kegs of nails, &c., &c.
The Baltimore Window Glass Works have two large furnaces in operation
employing about one hundred hands and manufacturing 60,000 boxes of
Window Glass and Coach Glass for cars and coaches, Picture Glass,
&c., annually  amounting  to $160,000.   In addition  to  the  establishments mentioned above, there are also the Maryland Glass Works. This
factory, erected some years ago on the Spring Gardens has rapidly developed
into importance and is at present turning out at least 30,000 boxes of Window
Glass annually, employing a large number of hands and consuming 250 tons
of soda ash, 600 tons of sand, 1,600 tons of coal, 500 cords of wood, 40 tons
of pot-clay and a large quantity of lumber. From the above it will be seen
that the production of Window Glass alone, during the year, amounts to
229, 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
90,000 boxes, being an increase since the year 1865 of 60,000 boxes. The
increase in the manufacture of Glass Ware during that time has doubled,
making the annual value of the manufacture of the two articles in this City
at present, something under a million of dollars. The facilities for its manufacture are great.   The reputation of Glass made in Baltimore has always
been the highest; and the merchants engaged in the business are not only
thoroughly acquainted with all its minutia, but are among our most influential and substantial business men, and they have made this City a market
where all the articles of Glass manufacture can be purchased at the lowest
prices, and on the most desirable terms.
IVARYLAN  D WI:NDOW
FACTORY,
Ana
Foot of
Leaaenhall St.
112 Lombard St.
BALTIMORE.
BALTIMORE.
EMORY & SWINDELL,
Manufacturers of Baltimore Window Glass,
AND IMPORTERS OF
French and Crystal Plate, Paints, Oils, Glaziers' Diamonds, &c.
F. T. HOLTHAUS & SON,
MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS OF
Window Glass, White Lead and Zinc,
VARNISHES, BRUSHES, COLORS,
GLAZIERS' DIAMONDS, &c., &c.
51 S. Charles Street,   BALTIiMORIE.
230
WAREHOUSE
OFFICE,
SEIM,
F. T. HOLTHAUS.
F. T.
H. C. HOLTHAUS.
OF 
ITS PAST HEISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
WM. KING.       ESTABLISHED 1830.      WALLACE KING
WM. KING & BRO.
IIPORTERS OF
~~~iFME    A I
Colored, Enamelled and Fancy
(5 [I$
q ~m~~I t
Nos. 2 & 24 LIBERTY STREEZ,
BALTIKORe
231
WIND)OW 6LASS  
THE MONUMENTAL CITY, ITS PAST HISTORY, ETC.    233
CHARLES J. BAKER.  WM. BAKER, JR. CHARLES E. BAKER.  GEO. B. BAKER.
BAKER BROTHERS & CO.
MANUFACTURERS OF
BALTIdORE
Druggists and Perfumers~
FLINT & GREEN GLASSWARE,
Demijohns, Wine Bottles, Flasks, &c.
IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN
FRENCH WINDOW GLASS,
CHEMICALS, PAINTS, OILS, &c.
OFFICE AND WAREHOUSES,
32 & 34 S. CHARLES STREET.
WINDOW GLASS FACTORIES3,      BOTTLE FACTORIES,
-Federal Hill.       Spring Gardens & Eutaw St.
15
i 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
Thorough House-Furnishing Establishment!
SAMVUEL CHIILD   COM
NO. 20 NORTH CHARLES STREET,
DIRECT IMPORTERS OF
.FINE FRENCH DECORATED CHINA,
Fine French Chinapltain white, Fine English China do. do.
FineFrench, English & Bohemian TABLE GLASS. INDIA CHINA, beautifully deco rated. Also, BLUE CANTON and NANKEEN WARE.  FINE IVORY TABLE
CUTLERY. Fine Triple Plated Tea Sets, Casters, Cake Baskets, Butter Dishes,
Ice Pitchers, Waiters, Goblets, &c.. &c. Fine quality Heavy Block TIN, Ja   panned and Plain TIN WARE. BASKETS. KITCHEN UTENSILS, and
OANUFACTURE        FS Or TIE  CELEBRATED ICELAND REPRIGERAT0                   R.
J. P. AMMIDON.     D. F. HAYNES.       GEORGE LOCKWOOD.
.LO  3                            CO
347 WEST BALTIMORE and 60 GERMAN STS.,
BALTIMORE.
IlMPORTE:RS AND ElJOBBME:RS IN
FRENCH AND ENGLISH CHINA,
QU:Ei:NSWARE
OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.
Lamps and Chandeliers, Table Glassware,
CASTORS,
Spoons, Tea Trays and Table Cutlery, &c., &c.
BURNING AND LUBRICATING OILS.
We invite attention of purchasers from every section of the country, to our large, varied,
and constantly replenished stock of goods, which we can confidently say, is unequalled in
quality and adaptation to the wants of our customers. The facilities for importation of
English Earthenware into the Port of Baltimore are such, that we do not hesitate to say,
we can offer advantages to close buyers which other cities cannot.
We keep constantly on hand a large assortment of Origin         al and Assorted Packagee of
Queensware, Lamp Goods and Glassware at very low figures.
Prices and Goods guaranteed.
AMMIDON & CO.
234 
ITS PAST HIISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
McDOWELL & CO.
No.2(64 Baltimore St.
B ALTIMORE.
Guano and Fertilizers.
HILE immense tracts of land are being cleared for cultivation in the
West, and grain is becoming so plentiful as to be used in some in   * stances for fuel, the soil nearer home in many cases is suffering a
corresponding decrease in productiveness from the thriftless mode of tillage
adopted by some, and the great tax of its powers by all farmers in their efforts
to secure from it the very greatest possible yield. It is gratifying to know
however, that this destructive policy has been in a measure checked during
the last few years, and that more enlightened farmers and agriculturists have
begun to learn the importance of recuperating worn-out lands by means of
the various kinds of Fertilizers. Cotton planting, tobacco culture, and a
number of the crops grown in the East and South, are more exhaustive in
their effects upon the soil than grain, and hence the greater necessity for the
use of Fertilizers in their cultivation. A growing conviction of the true
value of these Fertilizers has caused their manufacture and distribution to
become a most important branch of the trade of Baltimore. This City was
the first and for many years the only port in the country for the importation
and sale of Peruvian Guano-a business which was begun as early as the
year 1832. For a long time the Guano was used in the crude state, just as it
came from the Islands, but the advance made in the science of Agricultural
Chemistry led to the discovery that the force of this Fertilizer might be
greatly increased, and a large proportion of the amount imported is now used
in the preparation of artificial Fertilizers. Into their manufacture also enter
large quantities of bone, and the offal from the slaughter-houses, both of Baltimore and the West. The factories for the preparation of these articles are
located chiefly in South and East Baltimore, and occupy a very considerable
area of ground. In the same portion of the City are extensive Chemical
Works for the manufacture of sulphuric acid, or oil of vitriol, of which
agent an immense quantity is used in making Fertilizers. The analysis of
new soils and numberless experiments largely increase the list of artificial
235
5                                                                  m
,                                                 9.           1
Opposite Hanover Street, 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY, ITS PAST HISTORY, ETC.
manures from year to year, and so numerous are now the different compositions,
from the same general basis, that almost all are designated by some proprietary name, to give a list of which would be outside of the purpose of this work.
The ease with which these Fertilizers can be adulterated makes the
trade peculiarly liable to fraud. It is matter of congratulation that the
gentlemen engaged in this business in our City are persons of such standing
and tone in the community as to preclude the idea of deception in the manufacture or sale of these compounds.
Suffice it to say, that all the varieties of Fertilizers known to the trade and
likely to be beneficial to any known soil, can be purchased in Baltimore on as
reasonable terms as elsewhere, while the facilities for shipment to any part of
the country are unrivalled.
the country are unrivalled.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
FERTILIZERS.
Maryland Fertilizing and Manufacturing Company,
WARREN, HAMBURG, GATES AND HENRY STREETS,
OFFICE, No. 4 S. HOLLIDAY ST.,
Manufacture Fertilizers of the highest grade
FOR WHEAT, CORN, VEGETABLES AND ALL SPRING CROPS, COTTON FOOD AND TOBACCO FOOD.
DIRECTORS.
CHARLES J: BAKER,
WM. G. HARRISON,
LAWRENCE SANGSTON,
Farmers are invited to visit these Works and see how and of what materials Fertilizers
are made.
They also manufacture Fertilizers to special Formulas in quantities not less than Ten
Tons, and supply Farmers who desire to manipulate for themselves with all the necessary
materials.
LAWRENCE SANGSTON, President.
H.0 OAD    e'.J.EWNMES    e'  Agn.
OEtCKILL A GUAlNO AA.
A True Bird Guano, Rich in Phosphates and Alkaline Salts,
From Orchilla Island in the Carribbean Sea, belonging to Venezuela,
Lat. 11~ 50' N., Lon. 66~ 14' W.
B. M. RHODES & CO.,
AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF ORCHILLA GUANO,
OFFICE, No. 82 South Street, below Corn Exchange,
g$30 Per Ton, in Bags.       BALTIMOR]E.
236
SAM'L H. LYON
ROBERT TURNER,
RICHARD H. BAKER.
H. C. HOWARD, Becly.
,T. EDWIN MYERS, Gen'l Agent. 
HORNER'S
MARYLAND SUPER PHOSPHATE
CONTAINS:
Peruvian Guano......................... 700 lbs
Bone Dust and Coneentrated Animrnal Matter, 1150'
Muriate of Potash.................................................. 10 
210( i
Liberal I)iscozt to DI)ealers.
BONE DUST Ammonia,
Bone Phosphate,    -
Soluble Phosphoric Acid,
Maryland Super Phosphate.............................. 50 per to.
Bone Meal................................... 50 
Tobacco Sustain (extra quantity) Potash............................. 50 " "
Bone Dust...............................................45  
Dissolved Bone................................................................. 48' "
Ground Plaster................$1.75 per bbl.
Peruvian Guano, Oil Vitriol, Potash, and other Chemi                  cals for Fertilizing.
/ew?V Bagfs and no charge for delivery.
JOSHUA HORNER, jr.
54 S. GAY STREET.
3.
59.63
29.16  
THE MO0UMENTAL CITY, ITS PAST HISTORY, ETC.
CHAPPELL'S CHEMICAL
ESTABLISHED 1845,
MAN UF-ACTO RY
AND
COTTON KIN
JUP iR,PPHO:PR 
PENDLETON'S GUANO COMP
EX~fiPIRE: GUA1!W
AND
oULPtURIa   A:I
P.S. CHAPPEL
PROPRIETOR,
OFFICE, 31 SOUTH ST
Baltimore.
239
WORKS,) 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
The Pacific Guano Company's
(CAPITAL $1,000,000.)
SOLUBLE PACIFIC GUANO.
S. REESE
WHITELOCK'S VEGETATOR
ADAPTED TO
EVERY SPECIES OF CROPS AND ALL KINDS OF SOILS.
This manure is prepared, with, great care  rom  the best
materials.  It is uniform  in  quatity a,d
aclwacys ib a suitable cobditiob
for drillinff.
MIANUFACTUIED BY
W. WHITELOCK
44 South Street,
BALTIMORE.
The undersigned would call the attention of Farmers and Planters to their stock of
Peruvian Guanape Guano, AA., A., B. & C. Mexican Guano,
Md. Fertilizing Co's Cotton Food & Ammoniated Phosphate.
All of which we will guarantee. Orders for all PIHIOSPHATES of known value will
receive our prompt attention. We also solicit orders for
COPN,  OATS, HAY, &o. &c.
Our facilities and experience of thirty-five years will warrant satisfaction.
FIELD SEED OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS CONSTANTLY ON HAND.
We respectfully solicit correspondence.
ROBERT TURNER & SON, 43 & 46 S. Frederick St., Baltimore.
240
JOHN
&  CO.
GE-NERAL AGENTS,
I?A>TIMOl'A.
& CO. 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
JOSEPH REYNOLDS.                    AUG. C PRACHT.
CHESAPEAK.E GUANO
An Ammoniated Soluble Phosphate,
Uontaining all the Pro)erties of Bone and Peruvian Guano,
Manufactured and sold by
ISAAC REYNOLDS & SONS,
BALTIMO R1E.
Send for Circulars containing Analysis and Certificates.
Maryland Life Insurance Co.
No, 10 South Street, Baltimore.
Marble.
;tITHIN a few miles of Baltimore on the line of the Northern Central Rail     way are located quarries of Marble practically inexhaustible, and of a
quality which rivals that found in any other portion of the country.
These quarries have been worked for many years. Their convenient location
along one of the main lines of railroad leading out of our city, has enabled
their owners to supply the material at prices remunerative to themselves, and
favorable to purchasers. Immense quantities of the Marble have been shipped
to Baltimore and other cities. The monolithic columns of the Capitol at Washington, and many of the public buildings in that city built of this material,
are ample evidence of the quality of Baltimore County Marble, and the
estimation in which it is held by those best qualified to judge, and the
numerous buildings that have been erected in our own city are an indication
of its appreciation by those who reside in Baltimore. The new City Hall, a
magnificent edifice recently erected in our midst, has been constructed entirely
of Marble from these quarries, as was also the Washington Monument.Immense blocks of the crude stone can be taken out and shipped to market;
blocks in fact, of any size likely to be required for practical purposes. It is
susceptible of the very highest polish, and is largely used for ornamental
purposes.
Large establishments exist in our city for cutting and dressing Marble,
which employ a number of hands and are furnished with the most improved
steam machinery.
241 
242
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
HUGH SISSON,
&Xa IH  IkE
Corner North and flonumient Streets,
BALTIMORE.
CONSTANTLY ON HAND AND MAKES TO ORDER
MIONUIMIE NTS, TOMBS,
M:AN T1  L,9
FURNITURE SLABS, TILE-COUNTERS, &c.
OF THE DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF MARBLE.
Also Furnishes the Trade with Marble Cut to Size.
BALTIMORE FRENCH BURR MILL STONE
Manufactory and Mill Furnishing Establishment,
DEALERS IN
BOLTING CLOTHS,
SMUT MACHINES, MILL BUSHES, PROOF STAFF, LEATHER AND GUM
BELTING, MILL PICKS AND HAMMERS, and MILL FIXTURES of every
description. Also ESOPIUS, COCALICO and COLOGNE MILL STONES.
B. F. STARR & CO.
173 North Street, cor. of Centre, Baltimore.
HORACE NOBLE.                                 C. W. WILSON.
NOB]3-E & WILSON,
Manufacturers:of Fire and Water-Proof
PLASTIC SLATE ROOFING MATERIALS,
SLATE FLOUR, COAL TAR, ROOFING FELT, CLEATINGS, &c.
Plastic Slate Roofapplied to any style of Building.
Office, No. 3 Post Office Avenue, Baltimore.
THE PLASTIC SLATE, as a Roofing material, stands unrivalled. A mastic, it adapts
itself to every shape and slope. Non-combustible, impervious, non-expansive and undecaying-frost does not crack, nor heat dissolve it. Possessing all the advantages of a sheet
slate roof without its joints and crevices. Being susceptible of little, if any, wear from
exposure, and perfectly fire-proof, it is unequalled as a coating for Railroad and Farm
Buildings, Bridges, &c.  ORDERS FOR SHIPPING PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO. 
"lIl..u -1  fiatlle and(t Iloulding Works.
quar  and Oval Fraes,
MOULDINGS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS,
VELVET AND PAPER MATTS,
Nos. 29, 31, 33, 35, 37 and 39 LEADE I..ALL STREET,
BAL T I I O RE.
JAMES L. PERRIGO, Superintendent.
ROOM~~~
LOOR.fI,A 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
BALTIMORE CAR WHEEL CO.
OFFICE, 15 SOUTH STREET,
CAPACITY 300 WHEELS PER DAY,
~      1~~;,,ffi~~j~i$~/ i      I   iiij
+! jl~l
Manutacture Wheels of all Patterns. for City as well as Steam Railways,
and with or without axles.   Using strictly Baltimore Charcoal Iron, (which
has no superior. and few equals, for making Car Wheels,)and annealing their
Wheels by the Central Flue system, they warrant theim  free from strain, and
equal in tenacity and uniformity of chill to any made.
Tensile Strength of Baltimiore Iroi  Tensile Strenlgth or remiltea bars                        Tonsils Straength, after two years
madPs fro m Baltiliore Charcoal Iran,  service, of  Wheel Plates made by
28560  lbs. per  sq. inch.   I  same as used in  Wheel Plates by  this Companyfrom Baltimore Char
this,'omDaii,
42000 lbs. per sq  inch.         238oo00 ls. per sq. inch.
416003
40800
\V()O'       lKS.  COR. ESSEX  &    I;KI: S'S., iANT()NT,  1)AI1'TIMORE.
W.  S  G. BAKER.  President.                                           J.M.  LAWFORD, Secretary.
244
coal Ironl,
33320
1c
z6I8o
Tic
23086
11
~~
3 3 320
~~
27370
~1
~~
3 3900
3 3oo C
11
28 56o
~~ 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
The Chesapeake Dredging Company
OF
Baltimore County, Maryland.
P R E S I D E N T,
THOMAS C. BASSHOR.
DI R ECTORS,
THOMAS C. BASSOR,.
JOHN O. EVANS,
J. X. TEEMYEI,
FRANKLIN B. COLTON,
WILLIAM KIMMELL.
Builders and Operators of Dredging Machines and Tug-boats, Contractors
for the construction of Piers, Bridges, Wharfs, Floating and Dry Docks,
Marine Railways, Timber and Stone Foundations.
Owners and Operators of the SHAW GUN-POWDER PILE DRIVING
MACHINES, for Baltimore City and County, Anne Arundel County, Md.,
Alexandria, and Fairfax County, Va., and the District of Columbia.
MAIN OFTICE-IOth Avenue, near foot of Clinton St.,
Canton.
BRANC1H 0FFICE-5 Postoffice Avenue, Baltimore.
i"        "     341 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, D. C.
COMMAUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO
JOHN H. TEEMYER, Secretary.
245
1 
THE MONUMElTAL CITY,
SAM-'I B.BRNS.                     GEO. F. SLOAN.
o 3   ih SarA
No. 132 Light Street Wharf,           BALTIMORE.
BUILDING AND HARD WOOD
Doors, Sash, Bricks, &.C
IN LOTS TO SUIT.
Fire Bricks and Potteries.
4ALTIMORE  possesses superior advantages for the manufacture of all
kinds of Bricks.  The surface of our soil is underlaid with clays which
are manufactured into all varieties of ware constructed of clay-Stoneware, Pottery, Terra-Cotta, and Chemical Ware the most difficult and important
of all. The largest kinds of Fire Blocks, and Retorts for the use of zinc works,
sugar refineries and gas works, some of the latter weighing considerably over a
ton, are manufactured in Baltimore. No place in the country affords such fine
material for these varied industries. In Pottery Ware alone Baltimore should
surpass Trenton, and command the trade of the West and South. With
grounds for these establishments at a nominal price contiguous to rail and
water transportation, and the clays often on their sites, it is a wonder that
more capital and enterprise should not have sought investment in them with
such assurance of success.
There is already one concern manufacturing refractory materials which is
sending its Retorts, Fire Bricks, Sewer Pipes, Tiles, &c., &c., to the remotest
sections of the country, from Maine to Louisiana and westward, even across
the Mississippi, with a rapidly increasing business.  The manufacture of
artificial hydraulic cement, similar to the far-famed English Portland and
Roman Cements, might be developed here to an almost unlimited extent
with our variety of clays and limes in close proximity. These manufactures
of raw material, direct from the soil where it is lying awaiting the skilled
labor which capital can so easily provide, are the most solid source of permanent wealth to any community.
246
i               1-m I 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.  247
Baltimore Retort & Fire Brick Works,
GEORGE C. HICKS & CO.
BALTIMOIR].
Office, 3 S. Holliday St.  Manufactory, Locust Point.
.4.
STANDARD CLAY RETORTS,
TILES XOP ALIL KINDS,
FIRE  BR I CK S
OF ALL QUALITIES, SHAPES AND SIZES,
Fire Cement, Fire Mortar, Fire Clay
K AOL IL I N,
STOVE LINING8
AND
FURNACE BRICKS,
Vitrified, Steam Pressed, Drain & Sewer Pipe,
AND
MANUFAOTURES OF OLAY IN GENERAL.
A LARGE STOCK ALWAYS ON HAND.
AND 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
Bricks.
tEW persons who walk the streets or cast their eyes up to the substantial
dwellings which line them, care to inquire how many distinct bricks
were used in their construction, and yet perhaps could the number be
ascertained, it would foot up an array of figures, by the side of which those
that express the combined national debts of all the nations on the globe,
would dwarf into insignificance. As new buildings are erected or old ones
repaired, new streets paved or old ones mended, the number required is indefinitelyincreased; and the system adopted long since by the municipal authorities
of this City to allow none but Brick, Stone or Iron dwellings to be built,
save under peculiar circumstances, while a very great advantage to the City,
has marvelously increased the demand for bricks.   It will probably  not
astonish any of our readers then to be informed, that more than 100,000,000
Bricks are manufactured in and about the City of Baltimore annually. The
clay in the vicinity of Baltimore, the finest in the world, is peculiarly adapted
to the manufacture of Brick, and the materials used in burning them can be
purchased at rates which render their production a means of profit to the
manufacturer, while at the same time he can successfully compete in price
with those of any other locality in the country. Extensive Brick yards are
established west of Jones' Falls, on the Washington road, at Moale's Point,
Locust Point, on the Frederick road, east of the Falls at Canton,
Brooklyn and Belair Avenue. One million of dollars is invested in the
business, 2,000 hands are employed, 25,000 tons of coal, and 2,000 cords of
wood are consumed in their production. The quality of the Bricks made in
this City is unsurpassed by that of any made in the United States, and Baltimore Pressed Brick are superior to any made in the world, as is evidenced by
the fact that they are shipped to all seaport towns, and along all the different
railroad lines leading out of Baltimore. The increased demand for Pressed
Brick growing out of the fires in the East, has led to their use in that section
to a greater extent than in our own City.
ESTAB]LISHED 1818.
BURNS, RUSSELL l                  co
MANUFACTURERS OF THE BEST
Pressed, Sand, Paving and Common
MADE BY HAND,
Y AR D S: Washington Road and Annapolis Road,
OFFICE, 30 COLUM1BIA STREET,
Pressed Brick a Specialty.    BALTIMORE.
248 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
PITCHER & WILSON,
BRICK MANUFACTURERS,
BEST QUALITY OF
DUST AND SAND PRESSED,
Dressed Sand and Hand-Made Common Brick,
YARDS- Washington Road. OtF'ICE —No. 1 N. PacaSt.
All Orders Promptly Attended to.    B A L T I M 0 R E.
Horses and Mules.
FEATURE of the trade of Baltimore is the traffic in Horses and Mules.
With the exception of the Kentucky market, that of this City is the
largest in the United States.  The very best Mules raised in America
are to be found in the sale stables of this City, and Horses of heavy draught,
fed upon the blue-grass of the Western States, and notoriously free from the
imperfections and disorders to which Horses are liable, are brought to this
City for sale in larger numbers and in better condition than they can be
found elsewhere, save where they are raised. In fancy Horses for road purposes the market does not pretend to compete with that of New York, where
the best breeds of trotters are raised, and where the demand is always great,
though of late years even in this respect, Baltimore has been by no means
insignificant; but the market is always stocked with medium Horses at fair
prices, and the character of those engaged in the business is a guarantee to
buyers that their representations are correct. The finest Mules in the world
are sold here in large numbers for home use, while many are shipped from
this point to the South and the West Indies. The market is more active
usually during the Fall and Spring months, but an adequate supply may
be found in the City at all times. Baltimore possesses unusual facilities
for the shipment of these valuable animals, and the Baltimore and Ohio
Railroad is at present perfecting arrangements for the transportation of live
stock, which will doubtless create a large addition to the trade. The Stable
accommodations are admirable, and Western men have heretofore shown a
very decided preference for our City.
It is estimated that from eighteen to twenty thousand Mules and Horses
pass through this market annually, and with the increase of railroad facilities it is safe to predict a corresponding increase in the trade.
249
W. E. PITCHER.
Y. o. WILSON. 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
3RS~w:S TTON@SA=:I
Nos. 6 and 8 N. Charles Street, Baltimore.
The Cattle Market.
("HE  Cattle Market of Baltimore has long been famous.  The City occu     pying as she does a central position on the Atlantic Coast, in striking
distance of the various grazing fields by her railroad connections and
water communication, and contiguous to broad stretches of fertile country,
where grass and forage of every description are plentiful, her market has
always been supplied with superior beeves, hogs and sheep. The market is
furnished from Virginia, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Kentucky,
Missouri, Illinois, Texas, North Carolina, Indiana and Ohio. The facilities
offered to drovers in Baltimore are considered by stockmen from other cities
the finest in the United States, both as regards stabling and the dues required of them. The trade is steadily on the increase, and the accommodations which competing lines of railroad now offer will give it an impetus in
the future. We append the monthly receipts of live stock for the years
1871 and 1872, as reported at the State Scales:
1871.
Hogs.
18,172
23,136
17,552
16,794
22,811
23,477
20,181
22,247
27,233
37,873
45,811
27,697
303,284
1872.
Hogs.
29,306
36,099
27,471
25,419
27,101
30,684
24,879
31,729
36,271
48,975
37,579
7,625
January,
February,
March,
April,
May,
June,
July,
August,
September,
October,
November,
December,
158,624     90,402    363,138   180,228
250
TV. H. SAD-lSER, _Pres't.
Beeves.
5,974
6,758
3,115
3,983
3,684
4,318
5,959
8,341
12,939
14,432
14,658
5,587
89,748
Sheep.
11,175
16,756
5,351
7,504
12,598
9,529
20,313
17,309
16,370
20,316
15,631
5,672
Beevles.
6,632
6,370
4,202
3,727
3,703
5,857
4,457
8,304
12,313
17,993
9,394
7,450
Sheep.
6,941
11,173
6,170
6,620
13,537
18,662
11,995
19,317
16,161
20,807
11,628
37,217 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
Hotels.
ERHAPS no feature contributes more directly to the rapid development
of a city than the number, convenience and comfort of its Hotels.
Without these indispensable adjuncts it is like a well selected library with
no means of access to the shelves. The books may be very instructive and
entertaining but the publio will never discover the fact by personal inspection.
For a long time Baltimore was behind the spirit of the age in this respect.
Her public houses were few and far between, and partook more of the homeliness of the old road-side inns than of the elegance and luxury of modern
caravanseries. Thanks to the spirit of enterprise which has manifested itself
in the Monumental City during the past decade, old things have passed away,
at least so far as they retard our progress, and Baltimore to-day is as well supplied with Hotels in proportion to the number of her inhabitants as any
city in America-further, they are as splendidly fitted up and give as much
GUY'S HOTEL, ON THE EUROPEAN PLAN, BALTIMORE.
comfort to visitors. " The Carrollton," recently erected on Light Street, with
a front on Baltimore Street, the main thoroughfare of the City, is admirably
located. Situated in the very heart of Baltimore, it is convenient both for
business and pleasure. Sumptuous in its appointments, it is furnished with
every improvement that modern taste or ingenuity can suggest, and will compare favorably with any of the recently constructed Hotels in this country.
We cite the Carrollton, not because it is superior to others, but as an illustration. "Barnums" is an old established house and has a cosmopolitan
reputation. There is a number of other first-class Hotels in the City whose
accommodations have proved ample for all the demands of the greatest
exigencies that have occurred within the past few years. Baltimore is well
supplied with a cheaper class of Hotels, whose outer finish, interior comforts
and excellent tables, have earned for them an enviable reputation both at home,
and with strangers.
16
251 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
"T4 IE  OI IITONI
I-. -A              R     L      T j'  Li%iA.iAII
This new and beautiful Hotel, located upon the site of the "Old Fountain
Hotel," extended by an elegant front on Baltimore Street, is convenient alike
to the business man and the tourist.
It is the only Hotel in Baltimore of the new Style, embracing Elevators,
Suits of Rooms, with Baths, and all conveniences; perfect ventilation and
light throughout, and was planned and built as a Hotel, new from its
foundation.
Its elegant and convenient Office and Exchange Room, with Telegraph, &c.,
will at all times, be at the disposal of the merchants and citizens of the Cityits builders.
The location of the Ladies' Entrance on Baltimore Street, and the beautiful
Drawing Rooms connected therewith, will give to families more than the
usual degree of quietude and seclusion.
The undersigned refers to his career of over thirty years as a Hotel Manager in New York and Baltimore, feels confident, that with a new and modern
house, he can give entire satisfaction to his guests.
3m    3~ 
BALTIMORE.
252
. Is.
Proprietor. 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
The Houses kept on the European plan in this City are worthy of special
mention. They are numerous and fitted up in a style of elegance combined
with perfect taste which is really exceptional.  Among these is "Guy's Monument House"-Established at an early period in the history of Baltimore, it
has steadily preserved its reputation as a house where gentlemen are treated as
though they were at their own homes. The Maryland Club, the oldest organization of that description in this country, was formed at "Guy's."  This sufficiently expresses the character of the men who resorted thither years ago, and it
is only necessary to say that there has been no alteration since then in the nature
of the guests. The Guys were eminently a set of men who knew how to
keep a hotel, and the mantle that fell from the shoulders of the last of the
name has been very creditably worn by the present proprietor. The cuisine
of this establishment has acquired fame in many portions of this country, and
more than once has its excellence been attested by orders from Europe. A
number of other houses conducted upon the same plan, offer to visitors
during their sojourn in our City, both the comforts of home and all the luxuries that taste and money can supply, while their moderate charges especially
recommend them to the travelling public.
MANSION HOUSE
HOTEL.
Cor. Fayette and St. Paul Streets,
BAL TIMOREG             s.
Capacity, 200 Guiests.
Persons taking the City Passenger Cars, will ride to the Corner of St. Paul Street, within a
few steps of the MIansion House.
Nos. 6 and 8 N. Charles Street, Baltimore.            W. H. SADLER, Preslt.
INSURANCE AGENCY.
THOMAS E. HIIAMBLETON, Insurance Broker,
Will attend to obtaining Insurance against Fire, Marine and Life, for all persons
entrusting their Insurance business to his care, without charge to the Insured for his services.
And from his long experience as an Underwriter hopes to give satisfaction, in placing risks
in reliable Companies in this countit or Europe. Prompt attention given to all letters
OFFICE, No. 10 SOUTH STREET,  BALTIMORE.
253
I
I. ALBERTSON,
PROPRIETOR. 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY, ITS PAST HISTORY, ETC.
MARYLAND
Lira IsurFn eOita Iy
OF BALTIMORE.
ORGANIZED 1865.
Office in Co.'s Building, 10 South St.
ASSETS, — $750,000.
Paid up Guarantee Capital $100,000, Deposited with the
Treasurer of the State of Maryland.
'This well-established Maryland Company grants Insurance upon Lives
upon all the most approved Plans, and at the Lowest Rates consistent with
undoubted security.
DIVIDENDS MADE ANNUALLY.
GEORGE P. THOMAS,
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
MER,         HIRAM WOODS,
IAN,        THOMAS CASSARD,
GAS,         GEORGE H. MILLER,
WILLIAM DEVRIES,
CHARLES WEBB.
A. E. FOARD, Secretary.
CLAYTON Co. HALL, Ass't Sec'y and Actuary.
T. W. MATTHEWS, Manager of Agencies.
J. w. W. FANE, x. D., Medical Examiner.
CERISTOPHER JOINSTON, M. D., Consulting Physicans.
FRANK DONALDSON, M. D.,          Conltin Phyian.
254
President.
HAMILTON EASq
ALLEN A. CHAP:
GEORGE P. THOk
HUGH SISSON, 
C. R. VICKERS' OFFICE BUILDING.
'~L                _______
p               __                                   ppp
Iz
______                         __         I          
-              I IlIlElIlElIlli      liii II EU                         11111 iiij
GERMAN STREET, NEAR SOUTH ST., BALTIMORE.
I
ii
1
l
l
.l \'
.i I
i#. 
THE MONUMENTAL (JITY,
INCORPORATED 1794.
Charter      I                                    Pe;rpetual.
BALTIMORE EQUITABLE SOCIETY
F 0 JP.
INSURING HOUSES AND FURNITURE FROM LOSS BY FIRE,
Office, No. 19  South Street, Baltimore.
This old and favorite Office continues to Insure Houses and Furniture from Loss or
damage by Fire, by the year, for a small premium, or on the Mutual Plan, perpetually;
and will also grant CARPENTERS' RISKS on pleasing terms.
Persons Insuring their Property in this Office on the Permanent Plan have no greater
responsibility than the amount of their deposits.
D) I: E a T O I S -
Tnos. KELSO,         SAMUEL BEVAN,       SAMUEL KIPRBY,      WIM. S. RlAYNER,
WVI. KENNEDY,        JOHN M. OREM,    WMVi. E. HOOPER,        JAMIES H. BROwN,
MIICAHEL WARNER,   JOHN R. KELSO,        WM. J. RIEMAN,       GEORGE J. APPOLD.
HUGH B. JONES, Seo'v,
' Howard Fire Insurance Company
OF BALTIMORE,
OFFICE N. W. COR. SOUTH AND WATER STREETS.
Incorporatedl 1856.          Cash Capital $200.000.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
ANDREW  REESE,.......  PRESIDENT.
SAM-UEL APPOLD,   AARON FENTON,  J. STRICKER JENKINS,   SAMUEL R. SMITf,
Ml. BENZINGER.    CHAS. HOFFMAN.   JAMES M. POUDER,    JACOB H. TAYLOR,
ISAAC MI. DENSON,  SAM-'L T. HATCH,  E. H. PERKINS,      H. J. WERDEBAUGH.
J. H. KATZENBERGER, Sceretary.
J. II. RATZENBERGER, Secretary.
PEABODY FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
SECOND STREET,
ADJOINING POSTOFFICE, ON THE WEST,
INSURES ALL DESCRIPTIONS OF BUILDINGS
IN THE CITY AND COUNTRY,
ANNUALLY, OR FOR SHORT TERMS.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
THOMAS L. CAREY, President.     RICHARD B. POST, Setretary.
GALLOWAY CHESTON,   JESSE TYSON,         H.D. HARVEY
ENOCH PRATT,        JOHNS HOPKINS,       JAMES CAREY,
THOMAS WHITRIDGE,   JNO. H. B. LATROBE,  AUGUSTUS KOHI ER.
WMr. KENNEDY,
256
FRANCIS -A. CROOK, Treas. 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
Baltimore Fire Insurance Co.
INCORPORATEOD 1807A
S. W. CORNER OF SOUTH AND WATER STS.
Capital paid in,   -.   -  -       $200,000
Contingent Fund,   -                 -  -   $200,000
ASSETS-Invested in first-class Securities, (1st Sept. 1872) $513,876
This Company insures against LOSS OR DAMAGE BY FIRE, in the city or country
on the various descriptions of Property.
Short insurances are also made for any length of time desired-for a single day or longer
period.
This Company also issues PERPETUAL OR PERMANENT POLICIES.
WILLIAM G. HARRISON, President.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
GEORGE R. VICKERS,           HERMAN VON KAPFF,
DAVID S. WILSON,             T. ROBERT JENKINS,
JOSIAS PENNINGTON,           C. MORTON STEWART,
FRANCIS T. KING,             B. F. NEWCOMER,
HENRY CARROLL,               ORVILLE HORWITZ,
RICHARD S. STEUART,          WILLIAM W. TAYLOR,
WILLIAM H. BRUNE,            ISRAEL COHEN,
GEORGE L. HARRISON.
FREDERIOK WOODWORTH, Seoretary.
257 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
Rome Fire Insurance Company of Baltimore,
Office, Marble Building, No. 10 South Street.
Insurance made on every description of Property, for long or short
Periods, in the City or elsewhere, on most favorable Terms.
Perpetual Policies granted on Buildings, on an Economical Plan.
JAMES OWENS, Seec'y.                 G. HARLAN WILLIAMS, Prest.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
HIRAM WOODS,  HAAMILTON EASTER, O. DIFFENDERFFER, GEORGE P. THOMAS,
JOHN CUGLE,       WM. H. PERKINS,   JAMES BOYCE,     JOHN CASSARD,
LEWIS TURNER,    FERDINAND MEYER, J. BROWN GEORGE,  JACKSON C. GOTT,
JAMES L. BARBOUR,  CHARLES MAREELL, G. HARLAN WILLIAMS.
PH(CENIX FIRE INSURANCE CO.
ort BALTXXHOES~
OFFICE, MARBLE BUILDING, 44 SECOND ST.
WM. F. BURNS, Vice Prest.                       N. P. CAMPBELL, Prest.
C. W. RUDDACH, Secretary.
DIRECTORS.
WM. F. BURNS,     HON. WM. P. WHIYTE,    WM. R. SEEVERS,   EDWARD R. LUSBY
H. L. WH1TRIDGE,   WM. T. MARKLAND,      ALFRED JENKINS,  JNO. A HAMBLETON
JOIHN J. WIGHT,    DR J. F. MONMONIER,. JOHN S REESE.    C. OLIVER O'I)ONNELL
WAI, H. PEROT,    ROBT. T. BALDWIN,      WM. SEEMULLER,   IRVIN C. MILLER
JAS. H. MILLIKIN,                                          C. M. HAWKINS.
Banks and Bankers.
(~lHE Banking Capital proper of Baltimore is about fifteen millions of
dollars.  Were this all, our City would offer but feeble inducements to
o enterprising men to make their homes with us. Such an amount
seems totally inadequate to the necessities of a great commercial emporium,
and a weak exhibit when placed in juxtaposition with the capital held by
the Banks of other cities.
But this is supplemented in a variety of ways which, if not peculiar to Baltimore, at least find their fullest development here. The private Banking Houses
are not only numerous, but solid and substantial. Those in charge of them
are, with scarcely an exception, men of large capital and an extended experience, enabling them to rival the Banks in the magnitude of their operations, and at the same time affording the most ample security to those whose
financial agents they become. There are no bogus Banks or Banking Houses
in the City. While there are Exchanges for the convenience of business
men, and the transactions of legitimate trade, speculation has not yet reared
its front in our midst, and "puts" and "calls" are unknown terms save in
the vocabulary of curb-stone brokers, or the under current of mercantile life,
where obscurity begets immunity, and tends to the preservation of that high
tone which should always characterize commercial communities.
258 
ITS PAST IHIISTORY ANWD PRESENT RESOURCES.
In addition to that furnished by the Banking Houses, a large amount of
floating capital in the hands of our wealthy citizens is constantly seeking
investment, and the large towns of the State, such as Frederick and Annapolis, are supplied with Banks far beyond the requirements of the trade in
those localities. The surplus capital of these Banks, and in fact that of the
entire State, seeks Baltimore as its natural outlet, and in this manner an
amount of money aggregating many millions of dollars and adequate to the
wants of business is placed in this market.
The marked succcss of our Banks, their payment of large semi-annual
dividends, and the fact that no failure has occurred among them for thirty
years, are powerful inducements to capitalists from other sections to make
similar investments in this City.   The Banking Institutions and private
Banking Houses of Baltimore have shown commendable enterprise, especially
in the buildings they have erected, and some of our handsomest edifices,
replete with architectural adornment and evincing decided taste, having
been built to accommodate their increasing business.
There are in our City upwards of ten Savings Banks and Institutions
embracing the "Savings" feature, with deposits aggregating nearly twentyfive millions of dollars. This is a creditable showing for Baltimore. These
Banks are established principally for the benefit of the mechanics and laboring classes, and are dependent upon them for their success. Such an exhibit
speaks volumes in behalf of the thrift and energy of the larger class of our
population as well as of those to whom they have trusted their earnings.
CENTRAL SAVINGS BANK,
S. E. Corner CHARLES & LEXINGTON STREETS.
This Savings Bank has been recently established in one of the most central and prominent business locations in the city; its deposits already exceed $500,000, and its depositors
number 4,814.
The Bank is conducted exclusively for the benefit of the depositors-there being no
Stockholders. Four per cent. is annually added to the deposits, and every three years the
surplus earnings are divided among the depositors-making the average year's interest
thus far 6~ per cent, clear of all taxes.
Sums of any amount received daily, between 10 and 2 o'clock, at the discretion of the
officers.
ETT,  Vice Pr
D I          at'R
CHAS. J. BAKER,
HENRY C. SMITH,
FRED. W BRUNE,
ROBERT TURNER,
WM. NUMSEN,
THO~IAS J. WILSON,   DANIEL J. FOLEY,
WM. WOODWARD,       D. L. BARTLETT,
JAMES CAREY,       J. F. MONMONIER,
GERMAN H HUNT,    CHRISTIAN Ax,
JESSE TYSON,       SAMUEL APPOLD,
HAMILTON EASTER.
WILLIAM E. COALE, Treasurer.
259
GEO. W. CORNER,
W. B. CANFIELD
J. B. SEIDENSTRICKER,
J. M. ORENI,
WM. BRIDGES,
GEORGE SANDERS,  
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
promote their moral, as well as physical well being. It is well known to those who have
observed the operation and effect of the Institution on the welfare of the community, that
it has been the instrument of enabling many to become owners of their own dwellings,
and that without involving the necessity of paying forfeits, or running into debt.
For several years the Bank was opened only one day in the week, when its business
was conducted by the Directors in person, these being divided into committees, and performing a large part of the clerical labor. The increase however in the number of Depositors, and consequent increase of general business, has made it necessary to employ
permanently, officers and clerks, and at this time the daily services of a President, a
Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, and several Clerks, are required.
The Depositors, on the first day of January, 1873, numbered 28,635, and the funds
amounted to $10,735,394.
The rate of interest paid to the Depositors annually is 4 per cent, and the extra dividends
of surplus profits have made the whole interest distributed more than 6 per cent, as much
as 7+ per cent having been divided for the last six years to deposits of one year's standing.
The Bank is open daily, for the receipt and payment of deposits, and for the transaction
of general business, from 10 to 1 o'clock.
OFFICERS.
ARCIIIBALD STIRLING, President.                   DAVID BALDWIN, Treasurer.
SAM'L McDONALD RICHARDSON, Assistant Treasurer.
DIRECTORS.
JOSEPH CUSHING, Jr.
THOMAS C. JENKINS,
NICHOLAS POPPLEIN,
SAMUEL KIRBY,
GEORGE S. BROWN,
GEORGE N. EATON,
THOMAS WHITRIDGE,
SOLOMON CORNER,
ARCHIBALD STIRLING,
MICHAEL -VARNER,
CHAUNCEY BROOKS,
DEETER BARGAR,
EDWARD KURTZ,
GALLOWAY CHESTON,
WILLIA.C'III,
WILI,IA-%[ KENNEDY,
JAMES I. FISHIER,
THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF BALTIMORE,
No. 8 SOUTH GAY STREET.
Capital, $1,110,000.
DIRECTORS.
JOHNS HOPKIJS,
WILLIJt fJ. JLBER T,
WILLIIJMf E. HOOPER,
THOfJIIS KELSO,
HORn1CE JIBBOTT,
SJt MUEL'A. SHOEJ/It.ER,
GEOGE SIMILL,
J. S URIJw JwORRIS,
Ti:OfM.S PEIR CE.
THOMAS EELSO, Vice President.
E. E. HOLTZMAN, Cashier.
261
AUSTIN JENKINS,
THOMAS M. SMITH,
WILLIAM LDAMPING,
LAURENCE THOMSEN,
CHRISTOPHER HINRICHS,
ENOCH PRATT,
HENRY W. DRAKELY,
HENRY JAMES.
Organized 1863.
J. S. NORRIS, President. 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
The Eutaw Savings Bank of Baltimore
The Eutaw Savings Bank of Baltimore was formally organized by the corporators on
the 16th April, 1847, by their acceptance of the Charter granted at the December session of
the Maryland Legislature in 1846, and by the election of Directors and Officers.
At that time a number of public spirited and influential citizens interested in promoting
the general welfare, considered that it was important to establish a Bank in the western
part of the city for the purpose of benefitting widows and orphans, and that important
portion of every large community, who desire the safe-keeping and profitable investment
of their hard earned and careful savings.
The Bank was opened in a small room on Baltimore street, near Eutaw street, and for
many years the services of its devoted President, the late Jesse Hunt, were given for an
almost nominal salary, and the Institution was conducted upon the most economical
system. At the end of 1848 its accumulated deposits and interest amounted to $52,895.21.
In 1858, the business of the Bank had so much increased that it became necessary to erect
a building suitable for its wants, and adapted for the proper care of the large amount of
securities then in its keeping. The present building on the corner of Eutaw and Fayette
streets was then occupied, and the popularity of the Bank continued yearly to increase.
The accumulated deposits and interest at the close of 1872 amounted to $4,197,901.96,
and the number of depositors, having open accounts, to 11,585.
By its Charter, the Eutaw Savings Bank is prohibited from issuing any form of notes or
bills for circulation, and its By-Laws provide that its investments shall be confined to the
purchase of public securities, or to loans upon real estate, and such collaterals as the
Board of Investment shall approve.
But in no instance has the discounting of commercial paper been authorized, the loans
of the Bank being made only upon such securities as in fact represent the perpetuity and
prosperity of the Nation and the State. Deposits are received in sums not less than one
dollar, and interest is allowed thereon at the rate of 4 per cent. per annum. Every third
year the surplus profits of the Bank are divided among the Depostiors, thus increasing the
actual interest on balances remaining on deposit for three years, to an average of from
6i per cent. to 7 per cent. per annum.
OFFICERS.
R0 OBERT  D. BROWIT, Treasurer.
DIRECTORS.
GEORGE BARTLETT,
WILLIAM H. PERKINS,
J. HARMAN BROWN,
AARON FENTON,
FRANCIS BURNS, 
HENRY SNYDER,
WILLIAM J. RIEMAN,
SAM'L R. SMITH,
WILLIAM DEVRIES,
JAMES HARVEY,
N. G. PENNIMAN,
WILLIAM WILSON, Jr.
ELISHA H. PERKINS,
ASA NEEDHAM,
WILLIAM F. BURNS,
MATTHEW B. CLARK,
JOHN L. WEEKS.
262
o - -
WX. P. BTJBITS, President.
FRANcis DAWES,
Hy. R. LOUDERMAN,
JOHI'T CUS]AING,
DANIEL M. TUOMAS,
GEORGE P. TiiOMAS,
JoiErN GREGG,
ALFRED JENKINS,
A. A. HACK, 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
FCHARTL             ERED 8I.
CHARTERED I 8 IO.
CAPITAL,
$626,750.00.
No. 15
South St.
OPPOSITE
German Street.
President.
Chas. Goodwin,
Cashier.
DIRECTORS:
S. SPRIGG BELT,
ROBERT TURNER,
GEORGE SANDERS,
GERMAN H. HUNT,
WM. SEEMULLER,
CHARLES WEBB,
HUGH SISSON.
SAFE DEPOSIT VAULTS
Of STEEL and IRONS
For the Safe Keeping of Government and
other Bontds, Secturities or Valuables.
263
CHAS. J. BAKER, 
DIRECTORS:
CHAUNCEY BROOKS,
FRANCIS BURNS,
AARON FENTON,
WM. BRIDGES,
GEORGE BARTLETT,
JAMES HARVEY,
WM.   G.  POWER,
SAMUEL R. SMITH,
WM. F. BURNS,
MATTHEW B. CLARK,
WALTER B. BROOKS,
ROBERT GARRETT.
NATIONAL UNION  BANK OF MARYLAND,
AT BALTTI MORlE.
CHA RTE:RED 1804:.
Reorganized as a National Bank 1865.
WM. W. TAYLOR, President.
R. MICKLE, Cashier.
Capital $1.258,725.
RECTORS:
- WM. WOODWARD,
LEWIS N. HOPKINS,
WM. A. WILLIAR,
A. FULLER CRANE,
SAML. H. ADAMS,
* 00
WrM. W. TAYLOR,
JOHN STELLMAN,
C. OLIVER O'DONNELL,
CHARLES W. LORD,
GERARD H. REESE, 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
T H I
SAFE DEPOSIT COMPANY
OF BALTIMORE.
Authorized Capital, $500,000.
Chartered by Special Act of the Legislature of the State of
Maryland, for the
SAFE-KEEPING OF VALUABLES,
UNDER GUARANTEE,
AND THE
Renting-of SAFES in the BURGLAR-PROOFVAULTS
IN THEIR
NEW FIRE AND BURGLAR PROOF BUILDING,
SOUTH NEAR BALTIMORE STREET,
BALITIMORF.
THE COMPANY OFFERS FOR RENT, RENTER EXCLUSIVELY HOLDING
THE KEY, SAFES INSIDE ITS BURGLAR-PROOF VAULTS, AT 10, 15,
20, 25, 30, 35, 40 AND 60 DOLLARS PER ANNUM,
ACCORDING TO SIZE AND LOCATION.
GUARANTEE RATES.
Government and all other Coupon Securities, $1,00 per $1,000 for one year.
Government and all other Securities, negotiable only by endorsement, 50 cts. per $1,000
for one year.
Silver Plate $1.00 per $100 for one year.
Deeds, Mortgages, Valuable Papers generally, when of no fixed value, $1.00 a year each,
or according to bulk.
Wills, $5.00, which premium covers the remainder of the life of the maker.
COUPONS AND INTEREST
WILL BE COLLECTED WHEN DESIRED, AND REMITTED TO THE OWNER.
B. F. NEWCOMER,
ROBERT LEHR,
S. M. SHOEMAKER,
H. S. SHRYOCK,
B. F. NEWCOMER, President.
ROBERT LEHR, Vice President.    W. A. WISOIG, Seo. and Treas.
265
Paid up, $200,000.
.......................................I
1330TOMBe. 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
BANKING HOUSE
OP
JOHN A. HAMBLETON & CO.
No. 20 SO UTIH STREET, BALTIMORE.
TRANSACT A GENERA       L BANKING B USINESS.
RECEIVE ACCOUNTS of BANKS, BANKERS, CORPORATIONS and INDI         VIDUALS, and allow INTEREST on BALANCES.
NEGOTIATE LOANS and make advances on approved Collaterals.
BUY and SELL, on commission, all descriptions of Stocks, Bonds, and Securities.
MIAKE COLLECTIONS and remit promptly on day of payment.
266 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
ALEXANDER BROWN & SONS,
ORGANIZED 1811,
153 Baltimore Street.
BILLS OF EXCHANGE ON GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.
COMMERCIAL AND TRAVELLING CREDIT ISSUED, available in any
part of the world.
TELEGRAPHIC TRANSFERS OF MONEY made to and from London
and Liverpool.
ADVANCES MADE ON COTTON AND OTHER PRODUCE.
JAMES G. VVILSON.  F. M. COLSTON.  WM. B. WILSON.
WILSON, COLSTON & CO.
BANKERS & BROKERS,
Southern Securities a Specialty.
134 W. BALTIMORE STREET.
LANCASTER & CO.       LANCASTER, BROWN & CO.
RICHMOND, VA.              NEW YORK.
BROWN, LANCASTER & CO.
]&'N ]Kits -AND}  9}tatg
NoN 6 RIALTO BUILDING7
SECOND STRBEET,
BALTIMORE.
Isaac L Nicholson.         Edwin C. Nicholson.
Isaac F. Nicholson.        Albert W. Nicholson.
NICHOLSON & CO.
BANKERS,
Established I 832.                               BALTIMORE,
CORNER BALTIMORE AND NORTH STREETS,
Receive Deposit Accounts, make Collections, and Buy and Sell all kinds of Stocks and
Bonds on the most favorable terms.
17
267 
THrE MONUMENTAL CITY,
JOHNSTON BROTHERS & CO.
7
198 BALTIMORE STREET,
BAILTIMORE.
Transact a General Banking Business,
Receive Deposits, subject to Sight Check,
Loan Money —-Make Collections,
Buy and Sell Bonds and Stocks, on commission,
in all the markets,
Negotiate Railway and other Loans,
Draw Sterling Exchange and Francs, in sums
to suit.
268
i 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
MCKIM & CO.
BANKERS,
CORNER BALTIMORE AND ST. PAUL STREETS,
Transact a General Banking Business, and Buy and Sell STOCKS, BONDS, GOLD,
&c., on Commission, in this and other markets.
FIRST-CLASS SECURITIES offered at all times to those having funds to invest.
Particular attention given to COLLECTION OF COMMERCIAL  PAPER, and
returns made on day of payment.
Deposits received subject to Sight Checks, the same as on Banks, and INTEREST
ALLOWED under special agreement.
Sterling Bills of Exchange drawn in suts to suit.
ROBERT GARRETT & SONS,
7 South Street,
BALTIMORE,
JIake advances on approved  Collaterals.
-Deal iii Sterliri  Exchang e.
,llow Interest on -)eposits.    Jafke Collections.
Vegotiate Railway ajd other Locns and Comrn}ercial
PPape7.
Bzuy and, Sell Stocks ancdg Bonds onz Commission.
WM. FISHER & SONS,
BAN X E'R S
STOCK AND NOTE BROKERS
South  Street,  opposite  Second  Street,
BALTIMORE,
Buy and Sell STOCKS, BONDS, &C., in this and the EASTERN and SOUTHERN
,markets on COMMISSION or on DIRECT OFFERINGS, by telegram or letter.
STOCKS AND BONDS CARRIED for any length of time on MARGIN.
MONEY  ADVANCED  on Collateral Security.   DEPOSITS
received subject to CHECK,  and INTEREST allowed.
Correspondence solicited and detailed information cheerfully given.
269 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
ORGANIZED 18ss8.
Exchange and Deposit Bank.
J. J. NICHOLSON & SONS,
No. 284 Baltimore Street,
BETWEEN HANOVER AND SHARP STREETS,
Personal attention given to the SALE OR PURCHASE of all kinds of
STOCKS AND BONDS,
Buy Commercial Paper,
Make Collections Promptly,
Loan on Collaterals,
Receive Deposits,
Discount Daily,
Issute CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT bearing Interest.
Pay Advanced Prices for LAND WARRANTS.
J. J. NICEOLSOX. CHAS. G. NICHOLSON. J. H. R. NICHOLSON. ANDW. J. NICHOLSON.
CLABAUGH, NELSON & CO.
Buy and Sell Stocks~ Bonds, Gold and
Governments on Commission.
Special attention given to the Negotiation of Commercial Paper.
No. 144 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore.
INTEREST ALLOWED ON DEPOSITS.
FRANCIS B. LONEY,
N. W. corner Holl11iday and Second Streets, in Basement.
SPECIALTY:
COMMERCIAL PAPER NEGOTIATED.
Investment Securities of every kind Bought, Sold & Exchanged.
Investors can frequently save themselves from loss and INCREASE
THEIR INCOMES by consulting as to CIHANGING their Securities.
ALL SUBSCRIPTION BONDS on this or the New York market furnished on the most favorable terms.
270
CLABAUGH, 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
The National Bank of Baltimore,
CORNER OF SAINT PAUL AND BALTIMORE STREETS.
Chartered by State of Maryland 1796.
CAPITAL, $1,210,700.
ENERY A. TZOMPS0N, Preosient.
D I R E C T 0 R S.
HENRY A. THOMPSON,
WILLIAM KENNEDY,
DAVID S. WILSON,
BOUDINOT S.
Executive Officers since its Organization in 1796.
PRESIDENT.
GEORGE SALMON,
WILLIAM WILSON,
JOHN STRICKER,
WILLIAM LORMAN,
JAMES H. McCULLOH,
C. C. JAMISON,
HENRY A. THOMPSON
THE
Central National Bank of Baltimore.
CASH CAPITAL, $200,000.
U. S. GOVERNMENT AND U. S. COURT DEPOSITORY.
No. 5 South Street,
BALTIMORE.
CHAS. H. PITTS, Asst. Cashier.
DIRECTORS.
JAMES O'CONNOR,       EDWARD M. HARDY,
ISAAC BROOKS, JR.,    EDWARD G. McDOWELL,
GEN. JESSE LAZEAR.
271
Organized as a National Bank 1865.
J. TIIOMAS SUITII, Cashier.
THOMAS M. SMITH,
C. MORTON STEWART,
ALEX'R F. MURDOCH,
LONEY.
- 410 -
CASHIER.
Elected 1796
11 1807
it 1824
11 1825
1         1 4 1841
11 1853
11 1863
JAMES COX,
C. C. JAMISON,
PATRICK GIBSON,
J. THOMAS SMITH,
Elected
It
cc
99
1796
1841
1853
1868
ORGANIZED 1871.
JAMES O'CONNOR, President. 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
THE
MERCHANTS' NATIONAL BANK
OF BAL,ETIMORE.
CAPITAL, - $1,500,000.
DIVIDENDS PAYABLE JANUARY AND JULY.
JOHNS HOPKINS, President.
A. JONES,
DIRECT O RS.
JOHNS HOPKINS,
WILLIAM H. GRAHAM,
HORATIO L. WHITRIDGE,
ROBERT A.
GEO. WM. BROWN.   F. W. BRUNE.   STEWART BROWN.   ARTHUR GEO. BROWI.
BROWN & BRUNE,
ITTORJXEI'S J.N'D CO U.XSELLORS IT U-I,
No. 40 ST. PAULI STREET.
J. MORRISON HARRIS,
4TT"OR.WN'E -.J4D CO UJSELLOR JT AsW,'
LIdly B-UILDIN G,
BALITIMORE.
SLINCLUFF &
Attorneys
BALTIMORIF AND
C. BOHN SLINGLUFF,
Towsontown.
SLINCLUFF,
at Craws
TOWSONTOWN.
FIELDER C. SLINGLUFF,
484 St. Paul Street, Baltimore.
JAMES W. DENNY,
Attorney at Law,
No. 31 ST. PAUL STREET, BALTITMORE.
Practices in all the Courts of the State. Special attention given to the collection of
claims in all the States of the Union.
272
Cash'ier.
DAVID
ALEXANDER H. STUMP,
JOHN M. OREM
WILLIAM H. BALDWIN, JR.
FISHER. 
ITS PAST HISTORY AIND PRESENT RESOURCES.
S. HAMILTO)N CAUGHEY.
WALKER
~~l................................ i"
*1
m
M
WASHINGTON BUILDINGS.
273
N. W. CAUGHEY.
& CO.
NOAH WALKER.
N OA H
0
H
m
bp
C0
ll 
274            THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
North German Lloyd Steamship Line
:B:ETB'rW]'EN
Baltimore, Southampton and
The mae zificet new'41 Iron JMaile
BALTIMORE,   -  2,500 Tons, BERLIN,   -
OHIO,   -  -  - 2,500  "  LEIPZIG,
BRAUNSCHWEIG,  3,000  "  NURNBERG,
Rui7 regularly betweez the above Ports, as follows:
FROM BREMEN EVERY ALTERNATE TUESDAY,
"  SOUTHAMPTON"               FRIDAY,
"  BALTIMORE    "             SA TURDA Y.
For Freight or Passage apply to
A. SCHUMACHER & CO., Agents,
9 South Charles St., Baltimore.
ALLAN STEAM SHIP LINE
:BE T'V EEN
Baltimore', Halifax, St. Johns, N. F., Queenstown & Liverpool.
The magnificent 41 Iron Jlail Steam Ships
HIBERNIAN, -  - 3,500 Tons, MORAVIAN, -  - 2,700 Tons,
CASPIAN,  -  -  3,200 "  PERUVIAN,    -  2,600
MANITOBAN, -    3,000 "   NOVA SCOTIAN, - 2,300 "
AUSTRIAN,    -  2,700 "   CORINTHIAN,  -  2,000 "
NESTORIAN, -  - 2,700 "   NORTH AMERICAN, 2,000 "
Bu reffularly between the above Ports, as follows:
FROM LIVERPOOL EVERY ALTERNATE TUESDAY,
as BALTIMORE        "            WEDNESDA Y.
For Freight or Passage apply to
A. SOHUMACHER & 00., Agents,
9 South Charles St., Baltimore.
Bremen.
Steam Ships
-    2,500 Tons,
-    - 2,500   "
-     3,000   " 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
Boston Steamship Company
BOSTON AND PROVIDENCE.
STEAMERS:
GEORGE APPOLD,                     WM. CRANE,
WM. LAURENCE,                      MoOLELLAN,
BLACKSTONE,                        WM. KENNEDY.
JOHNS HOPKINS,
The above elegant and commodious Steamers will sail Tri-Weekly from Baltimore for
Boston and Providence via Norfolk.
Fare to Boston, including Meals and State-Room, $15.
"     Providence  "      "  12"
Cap)acity of the seven Steamers 100,000 bbls. Tonnacge 1,000 to 1,800 tons each.
For Freight or Passage apply on Board, or to
At. IU. HGGINS,
Boston Wharf, Foot of Long Dock.
THE BALTIMORE STEAM PACKET COMPANY
STEA.IERS
LOUISIANA, GEO. LEARY, ADELAIDE, TRANSIT, ROANOKE, SEABOARD.
Through Passenger and Freight Line, in connection with the Seaboard and Roanoke Rai  road at Portsmrouth, and with the Atlantic, Mississippi and Ohio Railroad at Norfolk,
FOR THE SOUTH AND SOUTH-WEST.
Through Tickets and Baggage Checks and Through Bills of Lading for Freight to all
points South and South-West. MAIL STEAMERS leave daily (Sundays excepted) at 4
P. M.  FREIGHT dispatched twice daily.  Passengers by this line enjoy a night's rest,
unsurpassed State-Room and Saloon accommodations and an excellent Table, and connect with Fast Express Trains, making this the most agreeable route to the South.
Baggage Checked from Hotels and Residences by application at No. 154
W. Baltimore Street.
EMMET BROWN, General Ticket Agent.
THOMAS E. DELL.                         THEODORE KNAPP.
DELL, KNAPP & CO.
STEAM BOOKBINDE RY,
84 West Fayette St., bet. Charles & Liberty,  B A LTI MOR E.
Bindings in Roxburg, Ozford, Turkey, Calf, Antique, Russia, Muslin, &c. Also, Fancy,
Law and Music. Whole Editions of Books Bound in every style.
AT LOWEST PRICES AND WITH DESPATCH.
THOS. E. DELL & SON,
BLANK BOOK MANUFACTURERS AND BOOK BINDERS,
OVER NO. 6 N. HOWARD STREET, BALTIMORE.
275 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
'"Teach then that which they w
i  Practice when they become Y,,. 
STRATTON & SADLER
Nos. 6 & 8 N. CHARLES STREET,
~BALTIMORE.
Organized and devoted entirely to
preparing
yOUNG PENTLEMEN
To become thorough
) rircticit  ANccountants
AND
Successful Business Mien.
THERE ARE NO VACATIONS.
STUDENTS CAN ENTER AT ANY TIME.
Night Session commences Oct. I, 1873,
And continues in session until April 1, 1874.
The Business Department of this Institution is most thorough and practical. Consignments of Merchandise are daily received and Shipments made.
Exchange Bought and Sold. Drafts and Collections upon all the principal
cities of the United States and Canadas. The public are invited to call and
examine the workings of the College, which will convince the most skeptical
of the importance of young men attending our institution. For College
Documents, address
W. H. SADLER, President,
Nos. 6 & 8 N. Charles Street,
BALTIMORE.
276
THE BRYANT,
}I' 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
PEMBROKE SCHOOL FOR BOYS & YOUNG MEN
PROF. JAS. C. KINEAR, A. M., PRINCIPAL.
For further particulars see page 175.
' ~ -t11 ~ ~.1 IEt
THIS Seminary of learning, instituted for the liberal education of young ladies, was
incorporated in 1849, with authority to confer degrees, and was liberally endowed by the
State of Maryland in 1860.
There are two departments of instruction, the PREPARATORY DEPARTMENT, for young
misses, and the COLLEGIATE DEPARTMENT, for young ladies.  In the latter are conferred
the degrees of BACCALAUREA LITERARUM, BACCALAUREA ARTIUM, and MAGISTRA
ARTIUM.
Among its educational facilities the College has a well-selected library of 3,750 volumes,
chemical and philosophical apparatus, including a good telescope, presented by GEO. W.
CHILDS, Esq., of Philadelphia, a painting gallery, and cabinets of minerals, coins, medals
and copies of antique gems.
In a few months the College will be removed to Park Place, at the intersection of Park
and North avenues, where extensive buildings are being erected for its accommodation.
These are beautifully situated in a grove on a lofty eminence that commands a view of
the country around, of the city, and the river and bay for many miles. There are shady
walks for exercise, and various arrangements will be made for recreation and amusement,
which, with pure refreshing breezes from the adjacent country, will render it both healthy
and attractive to the pupils. The buildings will embrace all the modern improvements
for heating and ventilation, and will have study, recitation, and music rooms, separate, with
every convenience for boarding and day pupils.
FACULTY OF INSTRUCTION.
Prof. N. C. BROOKS, LL.D., An. Languages.
Prof. W. C. ROBINsoN, A.M.,Mathem'cs, &c.
Prof. FELIX ALCAIGNE, Frenclh.
Prof. A. J. VOLCK, Painting.
Prof. C. GOLA, Piano and Singing.
For catalogues containing full information as to regulations, tuition, boarding, &c.
Address
N. C. BROOKS, LL.D., President.
277
Miss LUELLA KELLY, Belles-Lettres.
Miss FANNIE E. JESSIE, Mathematics.
Miss L. A. MADDOX, Vocal Music.
Mrs. E. A. POLSTER, Pictno and Guitar.
Miss EMMA POLSTER, Piano. 
THE A0ONUMENTAL OITY,
u         Wera, ir? omme $)X c 0t
Established 1842.
An   } Wvs. VILSON  t. FARY,  FRINCIPALS.
of\S. PFEN. J1OHN FEG~AM,      J
197 & 199 N. Charles Stre
Two squares distant from the Washington Monument.
Cooperage Stores.
,REVIOUS  to the war the business in Cooperage could not be called
extensive, but since 1861 it has been constantly increasing in this City.
A large proportion of the Oil, Pork, Syrup, Beef and Whiskey Barrels
used in this and neighboring cities is made here of materials from West
Virginia and Pennsylvania. Whiskey, Pork and Lard Tierces are shipped
to Eastern cities in large quantities. Flour and Sugar Barrels, made of
materials from Ohio and Michigan, are consumed principally by the mills
and refineries in this vicinity. The demand for these articles keeps in constant operation four factories, besides a number of smaller establishments
which employ from 800 to 1,000 operatives. One single House in our City
aggregated more than $600,000 in its business during the past year. Barrels are
sent in large quantities to Wilmington, N. C., and other Southern ports for the
shipment of Turpentine. Cooperage for the West Indies is largely exported
from Baltimore. During 1872, 300,000 Shooks, and upwards of 2,000,000
Hoops were shipped to those Islands and South American ports, and considerable demand has sprung up for Molasses Shooks and Hogsheads from the
Eastern cities. They are made in the mountains of Pennsylvania and West
Virginia for Houses in this City, and are brought here over the different
railways. The Trade is rapidly increasing and the facilities possessed by
Baltimore preclude a diminution in the future.
KIMBALLt SHAFFAR & COM
MANUFACTURERS OF
W=-Iour* suawyr any %@A,&t    rrl 
AND DEALERS IN COOPERAGE STOCK.
ALSO,
PROPRIETORS STEAM BARREL FACTORIES,
PENNSBORO, W. VA., AND BALTIMORE, MD.
Office Corner Canton and Central Avenues,
BALTIMORE.
Capacity, Tight Barrels......................................... 100,000 per annum.
" Slack    ".......................................... 500,000  "
278
BAI,TIMORE. 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
CHOICE LOTS FOR SUBURBAN RESIDENCES,
On Graded Avenues, 66 feet wide,
FOR SALE OR LEASE AT HIGHLAND PARK.
Gas, Water and Two Lines of Passenger Railroads.
Apply to                     CLENDINEN & WILSON,
Attorneys at Law, No. 54 Lexington St., cor. Charles St.
[From the Bcaltimore Saturday Night of May 3, 1873.]
SUBURBAN IMPROVEMENTS-HIGHLAND PARK.
It is questionable if there is any city within the United States surpassing Baltimore in
her suburban advantages. This is not only the opinion of our own citizens, but it has
been freely and frequently expressed by visitors (strangers) from almost every part of the
world. Having been ourselves residents of Baltimore for many years, and noticed with
especial interest her expansion into the surrounding country, particularly in northerly,
northwesterly, westerly and easterly directions, we are not surprised, considering all
these inducements, but gratified that such should have been the case.
There is, indeed, scarcely a limit to our growth as a centralizing and radiating commercial metropolis. It is only surprising these suburban attractions were not long ago
more thoroughly appreciated and availed of. Fortunes were lying in them comparatively
dormant equal to gold mines, waiting only development through energy and enterprise to
insure actual realization. Fortunately, however, for a considerable number of our citizens,
they had forecast sufficient to see what was in the future, and boldness enough to embrace
opportunities thus offered. By so doing some have already become millionaires, and
others are on the easy road to fortune.  Scarcely an instance can be recalled within the
past twventy-five, thirty or more years, where investments were made either in improved
or unimproved property, bordering inside upon the city limits or outside her boundaries,
extending far out into Baltimore County, that it did not rapidly-almost fabulouslyadvance substantially in value, making fortunate purchasers rich. The fact is-has been
over and over again practically demonstrated-that fortunes, to a greater or less extent,
have been more rapidly, surely, and more easily accumulated in this way than by any
other means.  It is free from all risk, and time, without labor, care or anxiety, adds value
to such investments with each passing month and year. Numerous instances, surprising in
themselves, could be adduced to prove what we assert. Many of our friends, we gladly
know, have thus been successful. We could, if necessary, name them by scores, and
trace their successes almost exclusiuely to speculations of the sort here mentioned.
It is evident that the increased and increasing population of Baltimore, the inevitable
tendency of trade and business towards her existing limits, must in time disagreeably
encroach upon present resident localities. This being the case, persons will gradually
feel inclined to locate farther out, as many are now doing, choosing country villas as more
agreeable. Within our own recollection this principle has realized most positive verification.  Beautiful little towns and elegant villas-magnificent improvements indeed-have
gone up where not long ago farms, barren fields, hunting grounds and unsightly prospects
were only visible.
WVe might present numerous instances in proof of what is above asserted, but at present
refer more especially to one as an example, challenging emulation. It is the enterprise of
MIessrs. Thomas R. Clendinen and Charles G. Wilson, representatives of the Chesapeake
Land and Loan Company, the Franklin Land and Loan Company, and the Lexington
Savings Bank and Loan Company, who. by their enterprise, their young active energy
are accomplishing, and about to accomplish, improvements similar to those now existing
within the vicinities of Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, and other large cities.
It requires just such gentlemen, with quick forecast, expansive, liberal views, who have
stepped far outside the confines of antiquarian notions, to see, appreciate, and outwork
enterprises like those in which they have embarked. Baltimore needs more of them to
insure her progress in every respect, and we hope the time is not distant when she can
realize their presence, come from where they may.
The locality to which we here refer, and the scene of operations embarked in by these
gentlemen, is only one mile from Baltimore, known as "Highland Park." It is a magnificent estate of 144 acres rolling land, superbly wooded and watered, rising to an elevation of
about 500 feet above tide, on the Liberty or Windsor Mill road, reached by the Baltimore,
279 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
Calverton and Powhatan railroad, which leaves our city at the head of Baltimore street,
and by the Baltimore and Randallstown railway, running from Pennsylvania avenue and
Baker street. The first named road skirts along the western front of the property a dis,
tance of more than 4,000 feet, and the last through the centre of tile park 4,500 feet. The
entire park has been laid out in lots twenty-five feet front, with a depth of 160 feet. Parties
desiring to purchase, lease or improve, can procure one or more lots adjoining on advantageous telms. It is the object of the holders to offer such inducements as will meet a
ready response.
This is the most extensive, complete, and inviting suburban improvement of its kind
ever undertaken within Baltimore's vicinity, and promises great success. The first spade
was struck 29th August, 1872, and now, less than nine months, some 12,000 feet of avenues sixty-six feet wide have been graded, planted with silver and sugar maples, white
poplar and other trees. Gas works capable of supplying as large a quantity as is used in
Hagerstown have been erected, and a dozen handsome villas, varying in value from $6,000
to $12,000, have been built, each of different design and style of architecture.  All are
furnished throughout with modern conveniences of gas, water, baths, ranges, furnaces,
marble mantles, etc. They are substantial, airy, well ventilated, well lighted, commodious, elegantly ornamented, and finished in a superior style. Each one is advantageously
located. The plan of the park, as also that of the building operations, is admirable.
ESTABLISHED 1850.
THE LEADING
pRINTING
ESTABLISHMENT
IN
BALTIMORE.
<:,.LjmpAkj)
ADAMS EXPRESS BUILDING,
I64
BALTIMORE STREET. BALTIMORE.
A. L. INNES, JR.
J. NXWTON GREGG.
Wmi. Knabe &; Co.
PIANO-FORTE MANUFACTURERS,
Ware-Rooms, No. 350 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore.
112 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY.
280 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
CANTON.
IHE Canton Company, by reason of its varied and extensive powers as a
Corporation, its wonderful  developnenlt and its future prospects, is
entitled to special mention in any article professing to give a history of
the resources of Baltimore City. The Company was organized in 1828,
under a charter granted by the State of Maryland, giving the Corporation
the right to hold land to the extent of ten thousand acres, and, to use the
language of the fourth section of the Act itself, "to improve in such manner
as may be conformable to the laws of the State, any lands which shall belong
to said Company, by laying out streets, &c., in the vicinity of Baltimore on
or near navigable water, and erecting and constructing wharves, slips, workshops, factories, stores, dwellings and such other buildings and improvements as may be deemed necessary, ornamental and convenient."
Forty-five years ago this Company commenced operations.  At the moment
the community was not ripe for an enterprize which comprehended within
its scope such vast improvements and that was likely in its developments to
exceed any organization of a similar character in the country. Able and
energetic men connected themselves with the Corporation; persons whose
foreknowledge looked beyond the mere hour and its necessities and saw in
the struggles of the youthful City the elements of a great emporium; men
who discovered in Baltimore at that early period the materials for future
growth, and a destiny not dreamed of in the most sanguine imaginings of her
very worthy but somewhat sluggish citizens. Their enterprize and energy
have already reaped for them golden rewards, scarcely comparable, however,
with those which await them in the future.
Contrary to the general law which has obtained in the development of
cities, (which usually leads them to spread in the direction of the West and
Northwest,) Baltimore at an early period exhibited a capacity for, and a
tendency to, expansion in the East certainly equal to that observable in
either of the other sections. The spirit, too, which had originally created
distinct towns on the opposite side of Jones' Falls was still at work, and the
rivalry thus established was entirely favorable to the growth of the City as a
whole.
The topographical features of the eastern section were similar to those in
the west and northwest.   A  beautifully undulating country offered to
builders and those in search of residences, eligible sites in either locality, and
Canton in the east possessed the additional advantage of a magnificent
expanse of water front, the natural haven of the shipping, and with accom   modations ample for an almost indefinite increase of commerce. The Canton
Company were not slow to avail themselves of these advantages. They
bought lands and water-fronts and erected houses.
281 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
There came a period of stagnation. The enterprize languished, and the
hopes of its well-wishers were dampened. Some imagined that the foreshadowings of Baltimore's future greatness were illusory, others that the
opportunity had not yet presented itself, and that its founders had better
await a more convenient season.  The corporators were undismayed.   New
and vigorous elements were introduced into the management. Land in and
about Canton was purchased whenever thrown upon the market-wharves
were constructed-factories and warehouses built-streets were laid out,
graded, and paved, until a vast extent of waste common was transformed into
a busy and prosperous City. The community, slow to realize improvement
in any shape, began to be attracted by this thriving seat of factories, dwellings and commercial enterprizes which appeared to have sprung from the
very bowels of the earth.
They at length discovered that a great work had been quietly accomplished
in their midst, but not before capitalists from a distance had been interested
by the sturdy determination of the Canton Company, and after a careful
examination of the progress and design of the work, these latter did not hesitate to embark in it their capital. The stock of the Company appreciated
rapidly, and after a series of years the foresight of its projectors was abundaltly rewarded and their judgment completely vindicated.
To-day the Canton Company owns 2,800 acres of land, comprising 18,000
building lots-laid out 20 by 100 feet-many of them binding on streets
graded and paved, with water and gas convenient, part within the city limits
and part without, in Baltimore County, on shelled roads or streets; also a wharf
property and water front of 20,000 feet, with a depth of water from 16 to 26
feet.
The following is a list of factories and industrial enterprizes in active operation on the Comrpany's grounds, together with the number of hands employed
in each:
No.  Hands.
I Sash Factory and Planing Mill...... 25
1 White Lead Work, (just started)....
3 Iron Smelting Furnaces................ 150
1 Copper Smelting Furnace............. 250
1 Bridge Builder and Machinist....... 160
3 Distilleries...................................
8 Coal Oil Refineries, (with capacity
for refining 5,000 bbls. per week)   75
6 Lager Beer Breweries................... 60
1 Packing Box Factory................... 10
1 Ship Yard...................................
4 Fertilizing Manufactories.............. 45
3 Lime Burners..............................    30
1 Cotton Batting Factory................ 20
1 Furniture and Wooden Ware Fac'y  300,
~Lo. Haands.
12 Oyster and Fruit Packing Houses, 2,500
1 Stone Cutting Yard.............6e                    r        s...... 60
2 Stove and Hollow Ware Foun      dries.................................... 200
1 Sugar Refinery.......................... 40
1 Fruit and Oyster Can Factory.... 60
1 Rolling Mill.............................. 1,000
1 Axe      Handle Factory................... 50
I Dredging Company.................... 100
1 Transfer Company.....................
2 Chemical Works........................
1 Car Wheel Foundry.................. 250
7 Brick Yards.............................. 2,000
2 Steam Saw Mills........................ 40
1 Agricultural Work..................... 30
NOTE.-In an article in another part of this volume the Canton Company was unintentionally mentioned, in
enumerating the extent of the manufacture of Bricks in the city. This was an error. Without the mention of
the Brick-Yards at Canton, the summing up on page 248 will be correct.
0
282 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
A number of enterprises have been established since the foregoing statistics
were compiled, and the employees and residents have vastly increased during
the last twelve months.  The establishment of transatlantic steam-lines, the
increasing trade of great rail road corporations with termini in this City, and
the proposed construction of others have created a pressing demand for ship ping facilities. Our rapidly increasing commercial marine needs much more
extensive accommodation than the upper harbor of Baltimore, or even Locust
Point, can furnish. In this emergency the attention of the public has natu rally been directed to the Canton Company for relief. The Company have
proved themselves equal to the exigency. An increased energy has been
displayed in the construction of wharves, while immense numbers of piles
have been driven for any necessity that may arise in the future. Preparations
have been made for the accommodation of all the rail road corporations, which
will afford ample facilities for an indefinite augmentation of the trade of Bal timore, and temporary measures have been adopted for immediate and pressing
demands.
The Union Rail Road, recently completed, a work of great magnitude, was
projected mainly under the auspices of the Canton Company. It consists for
the most part of a Tunnel, constructed at heavy cost through a treacherous
soil at a depth in some places of 65 feet below the surface, and finished in the
most substantial manner. In addition to the long desired outlet it
affords to tide-water, it constitutes 
a most important link in the great t_
highway between the Metropolis
and the  Capitol of   the n ation.This corporation was chartered to
build a rail road  around the City to
co nnect roads            centering here or
passing through, and to obviate the
delay and inconvenience of travel
by horse-power  th      rough the  streets         
of the City. The Canton Company subscribed for most of the
Stock of the   road, and end        orsed
the'bonds of the Company to an
extent  sufficient to  defray  the
expense of its construction.Tg
Under a section of its charter,
all the railroads passing through    CLAY CUTTING, UNION RAIL ROAD TUNNEL
Baltimore are entitled to its use at a certain fixed valuation per mile. The
Northern Central, the Baltimore and Potomac, the Western Maryland, and
the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore will immediately avail thems'elves of tbis provision. The first named is now negotiating for 1,700 feet of
18
283 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
water-front, sufficient to accommodate more than its present trade. The
Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road Company has also obtained a crossing from
their property on Locust Point, by which, the cost of transfer of Cumberland
coal is reduced to 20 cents per ton, and thousands of tons are already passing
over.
Negotiations are pending for the incorporation of a Company to build
elevators of a capacity sufficient for any quantity of grain.   Trestle works
and transfers are already constructed by which grain, coal and produce generally, may be transferred from cars to shipboard, at the smallest possible
expense. Arrangements are now being perfected for the extension of the
Western Maryland Rail Road, by a route the shortest yet found to Pittsburg,
the Lakes, the bituminous and gas-coal fields and coal oil regions.
The brick yards are to be removed to remote portions of the Company's
land that the whole property adjacent to the four miles of water-front may be
developed-in fact everything is being done that a careful foresight can suggest for the most liberal accommodation of trade that is already centering at
Canton. Several enterprising New York Capitalists have been added recently
to the Directors, and the Board is at present composed as follows:
Chas. J. Baker, George S. Brown, Charles Weber, Wm. G. Harrison, and S.
Sprigg Belt, of Baltimore, and James H. Banker, Wm. Mertens, Wm. Butler
Duncan and Samuel L. M. Barlow, of New York.
The influence exerted by the Canton Company is to be seen not only on
their own grounds but through the entire Eastern section of the City, and the
rate of improvement in the latter quarter is at present quite as great as in any
other portion of Baltimore. The extension of Patterson Park, whence the
finest views of the City and harbor, with their surroundings may be obtained,
invites the erection of the handsomest residences, and enterprising builders
are availing themselves of the opportunities thus presented. A feature of the
Company's work and to which much of their success may be attributed is the
fact that they are always ready to extend a helping hand to energetic
mechanics or business men.  Those desirous of prosecuting a certain business
who do not possess the adequate capital nor machinery, have but to show their
capacity and energy to be assisted.
The future of the Canton Company can be readily foretold, but how rapid
will be its development, and how extensive its usefulness to the City of Baltimore, it is impossible to predicate from any data at present in our possession.
The anthracite coal from Pennsylvania will seek here a depot, and an outlet
by hundreds of thousands of tons,-the bituminous and gas-coals will pour
into Canton in quantities of which the present receipts give but a feeble idea,
while the facilities for shipment, indefinite in extent and of such easy accesibility throughout the entire year, leave no room for doubt that it will rival, if
it does not supass all other marts for the exportation of coal in this country.
The rail roads centering here drain an immense extent of fertile country
and will pour into Canton the great grain products of Maryland, Pennsylva
284 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
nia, Virginia, and a large share of the produce of the vast plains of the West,
and the elevators to be erected will constitute it the most accessible spot for
the shipment of grain on the Atlantic seaboard-but it is as a manufacturing
center that Canton will be especially useful to Baltimore. The number of factories already established is but an earnest of its future development in this
regard and the inducements held out by the Company, the moderate rents, the
cheapness of living in Baltimore, and the character of the men who comprise
the Board of Directors, substantial, high-toned and able to accomplish what
they promise, all point to Canton as the future manufacturing center of the
seaboard.
BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAIL ROAD.
H-ARLES CARROLL of Carrollton, the last surviving signer of the
Declaration of Independence, laid the corner-stone of the Baltimore
and Ohio Rail Road on the 4th of July, 1828. The character of this
illustrious man has shed its influence upon this great work from that hour.
A long list of Presidents, whose judgments have been surpassed only by
their integrity and successive Boards of Directors, with foresight and enterprise, tempered with prudence, have given tone to the Corporation in the
past, and have brought the undertaking to a conclusion so eminently successful as to challenge the admiration of thinking men both at home and
abroad.
When we consider that the Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road was the first road
of that nature projected in this country, it is easy to imagine the difficulties
attending its construction. From the very novelty of the undertaking, many
untried problems had necessarily to be solved or their impracticability
demonstrated. During the first few years of its existence these efforts to discover the best and most economical modes of construction, without precedents, and with the comparatively limited scientific acquirements of those
days, presented obstacles by the side of which the trials of modern engineering
shrink into insignificance and the solution of which has facilitated the construction of many similar works in America. But the perplexities encountered in building the road were slight in comparison with the financial difficulties which beset the Company until the road was completed to the Ohio
river on the 1st of January, 1853. The opening to Wheeling, a distance of
379 miles, was attended with special ceremonies and really marked an era in
the history of railway enterprise. Vast mountains had been tunneled, valleys filled up, and rivers spanned to admit the passage of the locomotive, and
vexed questions in engineering set at rest forever. A country abounding in
285 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
mineral wealth and fertile plains, which needed but the hand of the husbandman to "blossom as the rose," was opened up to civilization and made tributary to Baltimore; a traffic was begun in Coal which has since then developed into gigantic proportions-millions of tons passing over the road
annually, and a line of intercourse established with the great West that gave
an impetus to emigration, and has since added greatly to the trade and commerce of our City.
Mr. John W. Garrett, of the firm of Robert Garrett & Sons of this City,
accepted the Presidency of this road in 1858.  Financial difficulties had
embarrassed its operations for some years prior to 1856. Mr. Garrett was
first induced to interest himself in its affairs about 1857, and very soon thereafter the good influence of his wise counsels became apparent in its management, but an immediate and palpable change became manifest upon his
accession to the Presidency. He surrendered to the Road his vigorous powers
of mind, his vast financial experience and his great executive ability. His
presence at its head acted like a spur upon the Corporation, and since that
time the history of the road has been a series of uninterrupted successes.
The Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road Company have established permanent
co-operative relations with the Marietta and Cincinnati and the Ohio and
Mississippi Rail Roads, thus virtually extending the Baltimore and Ohio
Rail Road to Cincinnati, and through that City to St. Louis, connecting by
friendly Northern and Southern Roads with, and drawing business from the
Southern half of the great States of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, also from
Kentucky, having direct connection with Louisville, its chief city, and
reaching Tennessee, Arkansas and other Southern States through other
effective alliances.
Under the policy of President Garrett the Baltimore and Ohio has been
extended to Columbus, Ohio, to Sandusky on Lake Erie and to Pittsburg by
the extension of the Pittsburg and Connellsville Rail Road, now known as
the Pittsburg, Washington and Baltimore Rail Road. The Winchester and
Potomac Rail Road, the Winchester and Strasburg Rail Road, the Washington County Rail Road, and the Metropolitan or Point of Rocks Rail Road,
have been established during this period. This Metropolitan Branch
shortens the line between Washington and the great West 48 miles. By this
route and the Connellsville Rail Road the distance from Pittsburg to Washington is but 300 miles; thence to Baltimore 38 miles; and only 10 miles
further from Pittsburg to Baltimore via Washington than by the direct line;
hence the name Pittsburg, Washington and Baltimore Rail Road. Under
the auspices of the Baltimore and Ohio, a line of rail road is now being constructed through the Valley of Virginia, which will bring this wonderful
agricultural region into direct communication with our City. By its connection with the Chesapeake and Ohio Rail Road at Staunton, the Coal, Iron
and Salt territory of West Virginia is opened up to Baltimore, and by the
extension of this Valley Rail Road to Salem, and connection with the Virginia and Tennessee Rail Road the salt and other minerals of Southwest 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
Virginia are reached, and also the products of East Tennessee, Georgia,
Alabama and Mississippi. By the Orange, Alexandria and Manassas Rail
Road, with its extensions under its new name, "Washington City, VirginiaMidland and Great Southern," the mineral regions of Virginia, the Carolinas
and Georgia are reached, where gold, silver, lead, copper and iron are found,
and where the climate and soil are favorable to agriculture, particularly so
for fruits and vegetables.
This latter connection is formed by the Washington Branch of the Baltimore and Ohio, which leaves the Main Stem at the Relay House, about nine
miles from Baltimore, and runs to the National Capital. Another short road
is to be constructed from the Metropolitan Branch to a point in the neighborhood of the Annapolis Junction, by means of which passengers and freight
from the West can be conveyed directly to our City by a much shorter route
than that at present in use, while the line of rail road along the Patapsco
and M1onocacy, penetrating a region abounding in vegetable and mineral
wealth, will still by its way-traffic add to the revenues of the Company.
At a point 90 miles above Newark, on the Lake Erie Division of the road,
it is proposed to construct a line of Rail Road direct to Chicago, a distance
of 260 miles. In addition to the trade directly from Chicago, and along the
line of this road, it will have many important connections east of the Prairie
City, which, in obedience to their interests, will be feeders to this Chicago
extension. The Cincinnati, Sandusky and Cleveland Rail Road connects at
Tiffin; the Dayton and Michigan Rail Road extending from Cincinnati
through Toledo to Detroit, with connections penetrating the Michigan prairies,
north and west of Saginaw, connects at Deshler, Henry County, Ohio, and
the Toledo, Wabash and Western Railroad, connects at Defiance, Ohio. This
road, with its branches, extends over Illinois and Missouri more than 1,200
miles. At Auburn, Indiana, it connects with the Fort Wayne, Jackson and
Saginaw and the Eel River Roads, both extending south into Indiana, and
north into Michigan. At Walkerton it crosses the Indianapolis, Peru and
Chicago Rail Road, and by this route can reach Laporte and Michigan City,
Indiana, the latter a port on Lake Michigan. Before entering Chicago a connection can be made with the Illinois Central Rail Road, which, with its
branches, drain the greater portion of Illinois. This road can have no interest in opposition to the Baltimore and Ohio, but will seek over its line the
port of Baltimore, as its best entrepot for the produce of the country, through
which its main line of branches extend. Numerous branches are proposed to
connect important towns in Ohio and Indiana, with this Chicago extension.
The benefits that will accrue to our City from the completion of these great
enterprises, are incalculable.
Already has the trade of Pittsburgh, the great manufacturing city west of
the Alleghanies, begun to pour into Baltimore, and the time is not far distant
when we shall compete successfully with the cities of Philadelphia and New
York for the carrying trade of this great region of country. The Baltimore
and Ohio, with its through connections South and West, has materially aided
287-: 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
the development of those sections, by opening up territory, rich in mineral and
agricultural resources, susceptible of great improvement and to which the
rapidly increasing population of the Atlantic seaboard, and the tide of
emigration pouring into our City may resort with confident hopes of at least
realizing many of their anticipations by frugality and industry. Towns and
villages have sprung up along the line of railroad, and even those sections but
remotely connected with the road have felt its wonderful influence.
A spirit of enterprise has grown up in neighboring districts; roads and
turn-pikes have been opened, and vast stretches of country that might have
remained primeval forests but for this great work of internal improvement,
have become productive and the inhabitants cultivated and refined. The
extension of the road from Centreton on the Lake Erie Division to Chicago,
gives the Baltimore and Ohio one continuous line of rail road from Baltimore
to the Lake City of the West, the granary where is received the exhaustless
products of the fertile plains which stretch out through the northwest. Thus
Baltimore is enabled to compete with the great cities of the East for a share
of this immense trade. The extension of the road from Pittsburg to Centreton, a mere question of time, will give another direct route from Chicago
to Baltimore.
The scenery along the line of the Baltimore and Ohio Railway is picturesque and beautiful, but portions of the road merit special notice. " Harper's
Ferry," the point at which the peaceful waters of the Shenandoah become lost in
the more boisterous Potomac, has been described by Jefferson as "one of the
most stupendous scenes in nature, and well worth a voyage across the Atlantic
to witness." Jefferson's Rock, named after that illustrious statesman, a great
overhanging cliff which looks frowningly down as though it would topple
headlong upon the unwary traveler, offers an exhaustive view of the wonderful passage of these two rivers through the very heart of the mountains.
The road from this point to the Ohio River gives to the sight-seer a succession
of views embracing nature in almost every attitude. Long ranges of mountains, beautifiul valleys, level plains, changed by the magic of the husbandman into boundless gardens, lofty precipices, mountain torrents, and the
endless phases in which nature fantastically arrays herself, pass before the
vision like the ever changing views in some gigantic  kaleidescope.  "Fort
Frederick," whose hundred years have witnessed the downfall of one government and the uprearing of another, the vigorous growth of which has
astonished the world, and with whose history the name of Washington will
ever be connected, is located near the line of the road between Harper's Ferry
and Cumberland.  "The Glades" and "Cheat River Valley" are perhaps as
rich in exquisite natural scenery as any portion of the world, and tourists at
this early date have evinced their appreciation of what has been aptly styled
"the American Switzerland."
Among those features on the line of the Baltimore and Ohio well worthy
of inspection by sight-seers and travelers, are the immense rolling-mills or
288 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
machine-shops of the Company, located at Cumberland, and the magnificent
Hotel, recently erected by the corporation for the accommodation of travel
over their roads.
The affairs of the Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road under the present administration have been conducted with prudence and economy, and yet, when the
end appeared to justify the means, the Company has not hesitated to venture
its capital in behalf of the boldest enterprises. Shortly after the war, a
pioneer line of Steamers was established between this port and Liverpool
under the auspices of this corporation, which, though not entirely successful,
because of the very limited carrying capacity of the vessels employed, clearly
demonstrated that as a port of entry, Baltimore was destined to become one
of the leading Cities in America. This line was succeeded by what is known
as the "North German Lloyd," or "Baltimore and Bremen" line of Steamships. Four first-class steam-ships have already been placed on this route
(and two more are in process of construction) to ply between Baltimore,
Southqmpton and Bremen.
The property of the Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road at Locust Point has
been greatly improved to meet the requirements of these Steamers. The funds
necessary for improving the harbor and channel having been provided by
the Government of the United States and the City of Baltimore, this work,
which has been in progress for some time, is rapidly approaching completion.
When finished, the depth of water will be sufficient for the largest sea-going
vessels,-all that is necessary to make Baltimore equal to any seaport in the
country and without drawback from the advantages she possesses over all
others in geographical position.  Piers have been constructed at Locust
Point, spacious and substantial warehouses built, and a grain elevator erected
with a capacity for 600,000 bushels of grain. In addition, the Company
proposes to erect immediately two more grain elevators with a capacity of
1,000,000 bushels each.
The success of the Bremen Steamships has led to the establishment of
another Transatlantic Steamship Company, the Allan Line, which connects
this port with Halifax and Liverpool. The cheapness of fuel in Baltimore
gives these Steamers a great advantage over other cities. They are enabled
to coal here at a reduction in cost of $2,000, for each voyage, and the port
charges in comparison with other cities along the Atlantic Coast, are insignificant.
The great Workshops of the Company at Mount Clare, on the Western
suburbs of our City, in which are employed more than sixteen hundred
hands, form an especial featuire of Baltimore. Here all varieties of work
required by the necessities of a mammoth rail road are manufactured. Great
Iron Bridges, Locomotives, Pullman Palace Cars and the most elegant
Passenger Coaches, with all their polished veneering and rich upholstery,
Stationary Engines, Boilers, Car Wheels, Axles, Bar Iron, Rail Fixtures,
Springs, &c., are produced with a neatness of finish and skillfulness, and with
289 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
strong and durable qualities not exceeded anywhere in the world. At
various points along the line of road, similar workshops of very ample
capacity for the repair and manufacture of machinery, are established.
The benefits which our City has reaped from this great road are simply
inestimable. The impetus given to manufactures and the employment
furnished to citizens would alone abundantly compensate the City for the
assistance she gave the road in the early stages of its construction, but the
vast amount of wealth, mineral and agricultural, poured into our City
through this main artery can only be measured by her rapid increase in all
the elements which make a great metropolis.
The financial condition of the City has been very strikingly affected by
her relations to the Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road. Being a proprietor of
$3,250,000 of the stock of the Company, she receives ten per cent. upon her
investment, and, paying but six per cent. upon the debt created to aid this
work, she realizes a profit of $130,000 annually for the benefit of the taxpayers.
It may be noted here as a remarkable fact that the assessed value of the
real estate in Baltimore at the time the Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road was
commenced, in 1827, was but $27,000,000, a sum less by $29,000,000 than
the amount since absorbed in this great work.
The vast proportions to which this organization has grown, are shown by
the fact that its control already extends over railway properties in many
States, the cost of which exceeds $100,000,000. It possesses more than 500
locomotives, over 10,000 passenger and freight cars, and employs above 20,000
men in its working departments; its disbursements for labor, material and
supplies exceeding $1,000,000 per month.
As the Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road, together with the vast net-work of
railways co-operating with it, is used in making Baltimore a great manufacturing and commercial centre, and the most economical and desirable
entrepot for the constantly expanding business of large portions of our extensive country, it requires but the concurrent energy and enterprise of our
citizens to make the progress and greatness of the City unlimited in extent
and thoroughly substantial in character.
The following is a list of the prominent officers of the Baltimore and Ohio
Rail Road:
President-John W. Garrett; 1st Vice President-John King, Jr.; 2d Vice
President-Wm. Keyser; Master of Transportation —Thomas R. Sharp; Master of Machinery-John C. Davis; Master of Road-John L. Wilson; General Freight Agent-N. Guilford; General Ticket Agent-L. M. Cole; General Passenger Agent-Sydney B. Jones, (Cincinnati); Auditor-Wm.  T.
Thelin; Assistant Auditor-A. D. Smith, (Columbus, Ohio); Treasurer-Wm.
H. Ijams; Superintendent of Telegraph-A. G. Davis; General Superintendent Ohio Division, (Columbus, O.)-W. C. Quincy; Edward Potts, Secretary
to the President.
290 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
NORTHERN CENTRAL RAILWAY.
N that broad expanse of country with Niagara Falls, between Lakes Erie
J    and Ontario, forming the apex and New York, Philadelphia and our
own City marking the base of the triangle, may be found pretty fully
illustrated the great wealth which Nature has given to man.
That its importance was thoroughly appreciated by all three of these large
cities and that they desired to secure its advantages to themselves peculiarly,
is evidenced by the fact that great lines of rail roads were very early in the
history of our country projected through its entire length and breadth and
now form a perfect net-work over the territory embraced in the triangle.
The richest fruits of husbandry, the exhaustless mineral deposits which
underlie the soil in that region, the great woods which furnish so luxuriously
our best saloons and drawing-rooms, form together a combination of treasures
which can be surpassed probably in no other section of the globe.
The range of territory embraced within the lines drawn from these cities
to the point named above, has had expended upon it, perhaps, more of the
muscular strength and exuberant energy of man than any other district of
the same dimensions in this or the Old World, save the portions of Great
Britain and the continent of Europe that have been for ten centuries inhabi
LAKE ROLAND.
ted and cultivated by an enlightened race.  Several causes have led
to this wonderful development of a
region not a whit better than many
other parts of these United States.
Proximity to our great cities and
291 
THE MIONUMENTAL CITY,
the vast capital which centres in those places, but especially the facilities for
building rail roads, have brought about a result which must necessarily lead
to the growth of the whole American Continent and the realization of the
prophecies of our sanguine politicians with reference to its immense forces at
the beginning of the next century.
Among those great Roads which have contributed to the progress of this
vast section of our country may be mentioned with pride by Baltimoreans
the present "Northern Central Railway," formerly known as the Baltimore
and Susquehanna. Chartered by the State of Maryland on the 13th day of
February, 1828, organized as a Company on the 5th of May following, with a
Board of Directors whose names are historic, it commenced operations by the
laying of the corner-stone on the 8th of August of the succeeding year. It
was confidently expected that the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania would
combine with our State in this great undertaking, and after long delay, in
March, 1832, an act of incorporation was obtained from  the Pennsylvania
Legislature to extend the road from York to the Maryland line. The latter
act was objectionable in its features, and it was not until November, 1835,
that a satisfactory conclusion was reached between the Legislative body of
that State and the Stockholders of the road. Our space requires that we
should be brief in our notice of the early history of this Company.
Like all great works of internal improvements, planned almost in the dawn
of our national life, it had its trials and struggles. The wisdom of our Legislators which had manifested itself so conspicuously with regard to other
corporations was not slow to perceive the advantages that must accrue from
this organization to the City of Baltimore and the State of Maryland. Timely
aid was extended, and our own City contributed her quota towards its construction. It must be borne in mind however, that rail roads at that time
were in their infancy-civil engineering was scarcely a distinct science outside
of the army, and very able men with the best intentions in the world were
liable to make mistakes in estimates, and did make egregious errors.  The
road was opened to the Relay House on July 4th 1831 and to Timonium and
Owings' I,ills in 1832.  It was perhaps the first rail road corporation in this
country to undertake gradients of any considerable magnitude. The Parr
Spring Ridge was overcome by a grade of 84 feet to the mile, for two and
seven-tenths miles.
An interesting feature in its early history was the importation of a locomotive from Liverpool, ordered in March 1831, and ready for delivery six months
before a vessel could be obtained to bring it over-the third locomotive, by
the by, in successful operation in America. The Baltimore and Susquehanna
Rail Road was completed to York, in August 1838; the Wrightsville, York
and Gettysburg Rail Road subsequently operated in connection with this road,
was finished in 1840; to Columbia it was opened in the same year and communication secured with Pittsburg by means of a canal from that point.
292 
ITS PAST IHIISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
The State of Maryland on the 10th of March, 1854, and the Common wealth of Pennsylvania on the 3d of May following, passed an act with
this title:
"An Act to authorize the consolidation of the Baltimore and Susquehanna
Rail Road Company, with the York and Maryland Line Rail Road Company,
the York and Cumberland Rail Road Company, and the Susquehanna Rail
Road Company by the name of the Northern Central Railway Company."
The connection
of the Northern
Central with the
great Pennsyl                                                         vania Road, its
extension  by
means  of i ts own
bran ches  or
healt hful   con                                                         nections to the
Lakes, the West,
the North-west,
the South, and
the Pacific Coast
are so well
known to the
public at large,
as to require no
allusion in an
article of this
kind. That this
road ramifying as
it does, through
its connections,
the whole North
American Conti                                                         nent as far as it
, has yet been set                                                         tled, has accom                                                         plished incalcu                                                         lable good for
our country, it
THE ARTIST'S DREAM-WATKINS GLEN.               is scarcely necessary to mention here, but there are features about it which belong to few
rail roads, and which we feel bound to recount in an article setting forth its
advantages in connection with the history of Baltimore. If we glance at any
293 
THE- T IONUMENTAL CITY,
of the maps which exhibit its extensions, we shall find that along its line
have sprung into existence towns and cities as though by magic. So thickly
are they strewn from Baltimore to C,nandaigua, that a map drawn with
proper scales will hardly contain their names. The whole road appears to be
a continuous city with here and there a more thickly settled portion to mark
the greater enterprise of a particular class of the inhabitants.
The immense wealth underlying the surface of Baltimore County, iron,
marble, granite and lime, is tapped and brought into our City. The road
penetrates the wonderful anthracite region in Pennsylvania, and its exhaustless products are received in Baltimore by hundreds of thousands of tons.
The Copper mines about Lake Superior contribute to its revenues,-the
through travel from the great North-west, the products of that section and
of the "Far West" and their vast resources, mineral, vegetable and cereal,
are poured into our City through its means.
The gentlemen connected with the road have displayed an energy and have
adopted a far-sighted policy that really rank them among those great practical
men who have made the nineteenth century an extraordinary era in the
annals of history. Whenever a connection could be profitably formed and
was likely to lead to trade and travel to any of the larger cities where its
termini are located the road was extended in that direction, and this has
been done repeatedly when immediate profit could not have been a consideration, indicating clearly that it was the result of enlightened prudence, and
that future prosperity was the object at which the Company was aiming.
This policy undoubtedly in the early history of the road impaired its financial
strength, but "it is an ill-wind that blows nobody good," and the terrific war
between the North and the South which brought trouble to every community
and almost every fire-side in the land, yielded a golden harvest to the rail
roads located along or leading to the lines of the contending armies. This
road was convenient to the capital of the country, and like similar corporations having depots in this City, its coffers-were replenished by the revenue
acquired from the Government for the transportation of troops and supplies
and its embarrassments were consequently dissipated. A double track was
completed over the greater portion of its length, and its monetary strength
so considerably augmented that it was enabled to extend a helping hand, to a
new road projected through a very fertile section of our State but which had
languished because of the impoverished condition of our people who resided
in that region.
The latter, the Baltimore and Potomac, has since then been built through
several of the lower Counties of Maryland to the Potomac river and also to
the City of Washington, and forms close and continuous connections by
locomotive power through the great tunnels under the Eastern and Northwestern sections of our City with all the leading Northern and Southern
routes of travel.
294 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND  PRESENT RESOURCES.                   295
The Northern  
Central Railway
Company  haveN
not b        een content                                                io
to rest on thei      r
n    ow by me    ans   of 
the Union sRail 
Road an outlet to   ~  ~
tide-water, which
in view of the very!-_
great increase in 
the Coal trade of' ______
our City in the~           ~
past IS months.
will be specially
advantageous  to
our commercial
interests.   They ~
have  invested                            i
heavily in land at
Canton and pur-$
pose the erection
immediately  of          -
spacious piers, 
wharves and elevators for the re-.\
ception of West-,
ern grain.   But           T   E     CI  A      A    H
we  shall devote'
the balanceof our
space to a sum-,~-.
mary of the  moreTHE EAGLE CLIFF AND FALLS —HAVANA GLEN.
mary of the more
interesting and beautiful features along the line of this great road. A trip
over it from Baltimore to Niagara cannot fail to interest, and its impressions
will be stamped upon the mind forever. For simple beauty, splendor or
sublimity the scenery along the route is perhaps not equalled by that of any
road in the world. There may be lines of travel which, separately, illustrate
more strongly any one of these features, but such a combination can scarcely
be witnessed on any other road. The Rocky Mountain passes give us an
idea of grandeur, some of the terrific decliviies of the Andes, sublimity, and
the beautiful little glades about Cheat River in the Alleghany range suggest
simple loveliness, but along this line of road we have them all, and can enjoy
them seriatim. 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
As the train passes out of the substantial depot on Calvert Street the traveller is confronted with the great machine shops which have given Baltimore
such a reputation as a centre for manufactures. Through a line of villages,
the natural off-shoots of a great city, teeming with busy life and echoing the
sound of the manufacturer's hammer, the train glides until a beautiful little
lake is reached which nestles peacefully in a smiling valley. So cosily is it
located one finds it difficult to realize that the skill of man, not the hand of
Nature, has created Lake Roland as a reservoir to supply the wants of a
great city.
The road passes Timonium, at one time the great race-course of the State,
where many of the contests that so delighted the distinguished heads of the
old Maryland families, were wont to occur. Further on, beyond Cockeysville,
are located the marble, granite and lime quarries and the iron works at Ashland, with great beds of ore that are likely to add for an indefinite period to
the resources and prosperity of our City. The Gunpowder River, a small
stream tributary to the Chesapeake Bay, intersects the road at numerous
points until the Maryland line is reached. The river crosses beneath the
railway in several places, and in some instances its windings and twistings
among the overshadowing rocks give a decidedly picturesque appearance to
the landscape. Long ranges of hills in the upper part of Baltimore County,
discovering to the pleasure-seeker or traveller the various strata of rock so
instructive to the geologist and attractive to all who take an interest in
the workings of Nature, mark this portion of the Northern Central Railway.
There are so many features of general interest along the line of this road
that it will be impossible for us to mention them all, and many omissions will necessarily occur of spots which travellers, once seeing, can never
forget. The connections of the Northern Central with Gettysburg and its
vicinity point it out as a delightful Road to excursionists. Here occurred
what has been supposed by many to have been the crowning battle of the
fratricidal strife which deluged some of the fairest portions of our country in
blood. The Healing Springs of Gettysburg, a recent discovery, and the
variegated scenery of the surrounding country, are strong inducements both
to the sight-seer and the valetudinarian.
It is not, however, until after Harrisburg is reached that the more striking
features of this great highway can be thoroughly appreciated. The Susquehanna comes in view, a stream, broad, majestic and prolific in points of
interest, and, as the full moon at times casts its pale rays over the waters,
suggestive of scenes far away, where the people traverse their city in boats,
and shadowy forms glide from under the dark arches like phantoms from
another world, with this difference, that the apparitions proceed from the
numberless drifts which crowd the river, and the gondolas are lovely little
islands studding its centre and sides.
296
I 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
SUSQUEHANNA, NEAR HARRISBURG.
But t       here         t  ins  tr.
_:__T - _
a region  be-   /_                                                      ~
yond Harris-                                                       ~
burg on this
road, a section of America which deserves
special mention, where nature has invested the country with all the qualities
alluded to above, and where the industry
of man with his feeble auxiliaries, has utilized the 
boundless treasures she offers him. As we pass through
the centre of Pennsylvania into the Western portion
of New York, we encounter a succession of beautiful views,-lofty precipices,
mountain torrents, rushing cascades, pastoral fields, awful chasms, headlong
falls of streams and wonderful upheavals of the Earth's surface which cause us
to gaze with admiration, and if reflection at such a time be possible, to think
of the limitless phenomena produced for our pleasure and instruction by an all
wise and all powerful Creator, in a space which occupies so small a portion of
the planet on which we live. The exquisite beauty of the landscape along the
canal near Millport; Watkins Glen, already world renowned, with its boundless variety of scenery, alternately awing us into soberness by its grandeur
and calling forth exclamations of delight by its sweet peaceful beauty; the
very names of the views suggestive and showing how man can only be an
imitator of the manifold workings of nature, "the Cathedral," "the Artist's
297
4 
Dream;" Havana Glen with its
"Bridal Vei]," its "Mystic Cascade," its "Eagle Cliff and Fall;"
the  little  mountain  torrents
flowing through each of these
vales displaying a multiplicity
of motions, at one moment leaping with resistless fury from
precipice to precipice as though
they would rend the adamantine
surfaces upon which they fell;
at another gliding mildly along
with graceful sinuosityasthough
they had never rushed and spouted and foamed; the mammoth
walls of rock, with jagged sides
which rear their lofty heads on
either hand as these limpid fountains gush down their sides or
seek the old and beaten pathway marked out for them at
some preadamite period, when
man was known only in the mind
of the great Creator-all these
varied and wonderful objects of
interest widely known at present, are destined in the future
to make this region the mecca
of tourists, and the Northern
Central Railway the route by
which their pilgrimages are to
be accomplished.
Genesee  Falls  are too wellknown to need description here,
and finally the great Falls of
Niagara, the eighth wonder of
the world, the apex of the triangle referred to in the beginning of this article are reached.
Their grandeur and sublimity
are known to the whole world,
and the impossibility of doing
justice to their magnificent features should be a sufficient
apology for their mere mention.
THE BRIDAL VEIL-HAVANA GLEN. 
In closing our re- 
marks  upon  the
Northern Central, it                          _
is due to this corporation that we should
particularly specify
the great benefits it
has accomplished,
not only for the sections of  country                               _
through which itl
immediately passes,
but for the whole of
our vast  territory as
yet brought under
cultivation and made
tributary  to the
wants and luxuries
of our people.
Beginning its ef-! 
forts early in our
history, it pushed
steadily on with its
work until that portion already alluded  /j
to had been pene-                            ~
trated, and its rich 
treasures,-mineral, 
agricultural  and'
beautiful,'- exposed j
to the gaze and collected for the use of
mankind.
The development
of one region leads
to the advancement
of all. How far the
Company has been
instrumental in assisting the progress
of civilization to the.
far West, it is impossible to estimate; _l
it is sufficient for ~                   -
our purposes to state, i      ~/z 
UNDER THE FALL, LOOKING TOWARD THE CATHECRAL —WATKINS GLEN
19 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
that, as in the pi)ast, it has sought connections and extended its road
wherever they were likely to prove mutually profitable to the corporation
and the City of Baltimore, so for thefuture, the present energetic and prudlent management of the Company is a satisfactory guarantee.
The following are the officers of the Northern Central Railway:
President-J. D. Cameron;  Vice President-J. N. Du Barry;  General
Manager-A. J. Cassatt; Secretary-R. S. Hollins; Treasurer-J. S. Leib;
Auditor-S. Little; General Passenger Agent-Edwin S. Young; General
Eastern Freight Agent-J. M. Drill; General Western Freight Agent-Isaac
M. Schermerhorn.
BALTIMORE AND POTOMAC RAIL ROAD.
H   five lower Counties on the Western Shore of Maryland contain a
population, intelligent, educated and refined, and possessing character     istics very similar to those which distinguish the inhabitants of our
own City; moreover, in each of those counties may be found broad tracts of
country remarkably fertile and productive and most beautifully located, and
yet until within the last year or so, but little has been known of these people
or the section in which they live.
i ~ -... A number of reasons may be urged for this apparent
obscurity.  We shall, however, suggest but one, so self     _?_;;-     -evident that its bare mention will cause its recognition.
____    Until a very recent period there were practically no
avenues of communication between Baltimore and large
sections of these counties, not forty miles distant from
__~~ ~m.... —...the city limits.  The fact
_____- ~......is the "iron-horse" had
l_:___)   _,_              penetrated the vast wil.__ ~~~~~dernesses of the West and
i~~~~~~ |  1                 scaled the lofty altitudes
~_- - - --- ~'of the Rocky Mountains
;   before he had entered the
~ ~~[~';,";~J~~>:'i   ~l'"~J~t  j/j ~~  "forest of Prince George"
''| " //,_ or the g reat tobacco grow             HIGH ~ ~ BRIDGE OER N':  FALing country of Charles          and
St. Mary's,while much the
. i,".;~larger and richer portions
of Anne Arundel and Cal     HIGH BRIDGE OVER GWYNN'S FALLS, B. & P.R. R.    vert are still without rail
300 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
road communication. The steamboats which ply between Baltimore and
different points along the shores of these counties, though furnishing safe
and commodious means of access, do not of themselves afford sufficient outlet
for the trade of the Southern portions of the Western Shore, even when not
obstructed by the inclemency of the weather during  the winter season.
Though they contribute their quota to the development of that portion of
our State they are not able to bring about that rapid improvement which
would seem to be necessary to enable these sections of Maryland to keep pace
with the great march of progress and advancement taking place in many
other parts of the country.
Before the war, the gentlemen from these counties lived like feudal barons.
Surrounded by their slaves, nearly all were independent as far as this world's
goods were concerned, and the spirit of money-making, at present the prevalent feature of all communities, had made but slight inroads among the
wealthy neighborhoods which so thickly dotted this lower tier of counties.
Hospitality, the brightest gem in Maryland's crown, the jewel which has
made her far better known in foreign lands than some of her wealthier and
more enterprising sisters, seemed to be both the business and pastime of the
inhabitants of this portion of our State, and as there was no urgent necessity
for the exercise of energy, at that time but little of it was exhibited. There
were bright exceptions even then to the rule. Some men were conspicuous
in these localities for their clear appreciation of the real needs of lower Maryland and endeavored to arouse a spirit of enterprise. As early as 1853, a
number of these gentlemen applied to the Legislature and obtained a charter
for the Baltimore and Potomac Rail Road.  The preliminary organization
was not effected until 1859, and the following gentlemen were selected as
Directors of the road: Hon. John Stephen Sellman, of Anne Arundel County;
Hon. William D. Bowie and Col. W. W. W. Bowie, of Prince George's County;
Hon. Walter Mitchell and John W. Jenkins, of Charles County; Edmund S.
Plowden, of St. Mary's County, and Edwin Robinson, of Virginia.
Unavailing efforts were made to commence the construction of the road
during the year. No State or City aid had been secured, and as was said
above the large majority of land owners did not at that time realize the necessity for railroad communication with Baltimore. The Hon. ODEW BOWIE,
since then Governor of our State, was made a Director of the road, and very
soon thereafter its President, in 1860. He immediately suggested a more
active policy, and two sections of the work, from Upper Marlboro to the
Annapolis and Elk Ridge Rail Road, were put under contract.  Had the
contractors completed their work, Upper Marlboro, the county seat of Prince
George's, would have been placed in communication with our City by means
of the Annapolis and Elk Ridge Rail Road and its connection with the
Washington Branch of the Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road. Unfortunately
the civil war broke out and a long period of inactivity followed. Governor
301 
THE MONUMENTAL (ITY,
Bowie never relaxed his efforts, but the political agitation which convulsed
the country for the next four years rendered abortive every attempt to build
a road that did not minister to its necessities in some form.
The war over, the people of Prince George's and Charles became alive to
the almost absolute necessity of the road, but they were in no condition to
respond financially to the demands of Governor Bowie. The system of labor
in these counties had undergone a complete revolution. Millions of dollars
worth of property had been swept away-hundreds of households were impoverished, and those who had escaped bankruptcy had not yet adjusted them
EASTERN ENTRANCE OF BALTIMORE AND POTOMAC RAIL ROAD TUNNEL.
selves to the great change that had taken place in their mode of planting and
farming. With what rapidity they assimilated themselves to the change in
their condition and put their shoulders to the wheel, it is hardly necessary to
state here, but at this juncture, no local capital could be raised and the prospects
of the corporation were desperate. Governor Bowie was undismayed. le had
seen all along the great advantages to be derived from its construction, not
only to the portion of Maryland through which it would pass, but also to
Baltimore, which it would place in such close connection with the great South
302 
ITS PAST HISTORY AWD PRESENT RESOURCES.
ern and South-western lines of travel and which through its branch road to
Washington gave another means of approach to the National Capital.
The capitalists of Maryland had very generallv invested in the great corporations which had served to extend the trade and commerce of Baltimore, and
the financial pressure which had followed the close of the war, and which
has not altogether abated at this writing, did not leave many of them in a
condition to aid in the construction of another road. Struggles, too, ensued
with rival corporations, and it was not until 1867 that legislative enactments
were obtained that enabled the corporation to commence its work.
In the meantime, the President had not been idle. Finding it impossible
to interest the capitalists of our own State because of the crippled condition
in which they were placed, he went elsewhere.   The Pennsylvania Rail
Road Company appreciated directly the advantages likely to accrue to
Baltimore and its own system of roads from its completion, and the requisite
funds were secured for its construction. The road was put under contract
immediately throughout its entire length.
It was to be built first from Baltimore through Anne Arundel, Prince
George's and Charles Counties, to Pope's Creek, on the Potomac River, a distance of 73 miles, and its lateral branch to Washington, from Bowie Junction
in Prince George's, was to be 17 miles long, making its entire length 90 miles.
The Baltimore and Potomac was opened from Baltimore to Washington on
the 2d day of July, 1872, and from Bowie to Pope's Creek on the 1st of January, 1873.
The most prominent features of the road are its great tunnels under the cities
of Washington and Baltimore. The tunnel in our City passes directly under
the streets and houses, is one and a half miles in length, and at some points
55 feet below the level of the streets. It is cut in many instances through
solid rock. Water and other obstacles were encountered, but the most scientific principles of engineering were brought into play to surmount them, the
magnitude of which will be better understood when it is known that its cost
has been more than two millions of dollars. Indeed there is no such work
under any other city in the Union. The road itself from Baltimore to Pope's
Creek is a model of engineering skill. The Company have availed' themselves
of all the modern improvements in rail road construction known to Engineers.
Its superstructure is substantially built and laid with durable rails weighing
64 pounds to the yard.
The immediate results to follow to the city of Baltimore are, an impetus to
farming and planting through an extended and very fertile region of our own
State, by which the productions of that section, such as corn, wheat and
tobacco, are likely to be increased four-fold, and fruits and vegetables of every
description brought into the city at prices which will place them within
reach of the whole community; an enhancement of the value of property
along its line, and an offer of sites for summer residences for our successful
303 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY, ITS PAST HISTORY, ETC.
merchants, together with small farms, for their recreation and pleasure, at
prices likely to render unnecessary the expensive exodus of our people during
the hot months of summer to the various fashionable and uncomfortable
resorts and watering places.
To the country through which it passes it will simply be an inestimable
auxiliary. Its more remote benefits to our City will manifest themselves at
an early day when ths plans at present in contemplation'have been carried
out and the extension to Richmond completed. Already, through its Washington branch, intercourse with the Southern lines of rail road has been
secured, and the completion of the Baltimore tunnel gives a perfectly agreeable and convenient route to through trade and travel. The road is abundantly provided with the finest equipment of engines, passenger coaches,
palace and sleeping cars, and has already fulfilled the most sanguine hopes of
its friends.
The following is a list of the present officers of the corporation:
Hon. Oden Bowie, President; J. N. Du Barry, Vice President and General
Manager; E. L. Du Barry, Superintendent; S. Little, Secretary and Auditor;
J. S. Leib, Treasurer; Edwin S. Young, General Passenger Agent; James
'[. Drill, General Freight Agent.
THE author begs to say, that in compiling this account of "The Monumental
City, Its Past History and Present Resources," he has had to contend with
peculiar difficulties.   In the effort to represent all interests, it has been
necessary to seek information from many sources, and to accept it in various
shapes. The facts obtained were sometimes a little highly colored by the
prejudices of those from whom they were derived.
Whatever may be the faults of the work, he feels that he has gathered
a mass of information in regard to our prosperous and growing city, and that
in acting the pioneer, he has materially lightened the labors of those who will
come after him.
GEO. W. HOWARD.
THE CELEBRATED
LEFFEL PATENT AMERICAN
Double Turbine Water-Wheel,
The Best Water-Wheel in Existence.
MANUFACTURED BY
POOLE & HUNT7
BA:LTIIORE
304  
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
National Fire Insurancc Company
OF BALTIMORE.
Incorporated by the State of
Marylana, Dec. Sess. 1849.
__                                ______       Maryland, Dec.      1849.
Chartered Capital,
300,000.
Cash Capital,
8100,000.
Assets,
$2 07,000.
JOHN B. SEIDENSTRICKER, President.
DIRECTO TR
HENRY M. BASH,
GEORGE BARTLETT,
JOSEPH W. JENKINS,
WILLIAM WOODWARD,
EDWARD J. CHURCH,
GEORGE SMALL,
H. C. LANDIS,
THOMAS C. JENKINS, Jr., Clerk.
WILLIAM a JENNESS, Clerk.
Office at the North-West cor. of Holliday & Second Sts.
306
HUGH SISSON,
ROBERT LAWSON,
DECATUR H. MILLER,
OLIVER A. PARKER,
ROBERT LEHR,
GEORGE C. JENKINS.
Secretary. 
AGENCIES FOR THE SALE OF THE KNABE PIANO IN ALL THE PRINCIPAL CITIES.
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PA
Pa
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Go
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04
WM. ENABE  & CO.'S PIANO FACTORIES, CORNER  EUTAW  AND WEST  STREETS, BALTIMORE.
Warerooms, 350 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, and 112 Fifth Avenue, above 16th Street, New York.
cO
..,
I  
ILLUSTRATIONS.
FOREST TREEs-Druid Hill Park,    88
FRANKLIN BANK,...   263
FRONTISPIECE.
GERMAN CORRESPONDENT BUILDING,  60
GUY'S HOTEL,...   251
HEBREW HOSPITAL,..         49
HIGH BRIDGE OVER GWYNN'S FALLS, 300
HOEN A., & Co...        99, 100
HOME OF THE AGED OF THE M. E.
CHURCH,...    53
HOMELESS BoY,..        45
HORNER, JOSHUA, JR.        237, 238
INSTITUTION FOR THE EDUCATION OF
DEAF AND DUMB,.       96
IRON WORKS        Bartlett, Robbins & Co.'s,   215
KNABE, WM., & Co.,... 307
LAKE ROLAND,...   291
LARRABEE'S BLOCK,.    166
MANSION HOUSE,...253
MARYLAND INSTITUTE..      40
MARYLAND MOULDING, TURNING
AND SAWING WORKS..   193
MARYLAND SUGAR REFINERY,        115
MARYLAND WINDOW-GLASS WORKS, 230
MASONIC TEMPLE,....        72
MILLER'S SAFE AND IRON WORKS,  205
MONUMENTS-Washington,.. 69
Wildey,.....     70
NEW CITY HALL,.               33
NUMSEN'S BLOCK,.. 103, 141
PATAPSCO FLOURING MILLS,.   132
PEABODY INSTITUTE...       38
POOLE & HUNT'S WORKS,.   207
PRESENT BOUNDARIES OF THE CITY,  29
SCIIOOL OF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY
OF MARYLAND,..   95
SHOT TOWER,.              107
SILVER LAKE-Druid Hill Park,    89
STANSBURY BUILDING,..  104
STEAM FURNITURE WORKS,.     195
STICKNEY IRON WORKS,.       208
SUN IRON BUILDING,..      57
SUSQUEHANNA, NEAR HARRISBURG,  297
TANNERY OF GEO. APPOLD &; SONS, 163
THE SAVINGS BANK OF BALTIMORE, 260
TYLER'S LUMBER YARD,           189
UNDER THE FALL, LOOKING TOWARD
THE CATHEDRAL -Watlkins G len, 299
VICKERS', (EO. R., OFFICE BUILDING, 255
WARREN COTTON MII LS,.   177
WASHINGTON B3UILDING,.      273
WORKS MARYLAND WHITE LEAD Co. 226
PAGE.
AMERICAN BUILDING, THE.    55
ARTIST'S DREAM-Watkins' Glen,    293
BALTIMORE FEMALE COLLEGE,.277
FIRE INS. Co.'s BUILDING,.     257
"  GLASS-WORKS,..   232
IN 1752,..               15
"  PEARL HOMINY BUILDING,.   138
"  STEAM SUGAR REFINERY,.  112
BANKING HOuSE-John A. Hambleton
& Co.'s,...   266
BLIND ASYLUM,..        51 
BOYS' HOME,...    52
BRIDAL VEIL-Havana Glen,              298
BUILDING-Brosius & Co.'s,.   152
J. W. Bond & Co.'s,.        305
Carlin & Fulton's,..    155
William Devries & Co.'s,.        144
Shipe, Cloud & Co.'s,.      145
Young Men's Christian Association, 43
BUILDINGS-Drakeley & Fenton's,        108
Flack Bros.'..       128
George & Jenkins,'..   107
BUILDING-Hodges & Bros.'.           150
National Fire Ins. Co.,..  306
George F. Webb's,..    136
Wilson, Burns & Co.'s,.       119
BUSINESS HousEs-Armstrong, Cator
& Co's,.                  159
BUSINESS HOUSE-Barrett & Higgins',  160
CHURCH-Bethany Independ. Methodist, 36
Cathedral, Catholic, The..   34
Eutaw Place Baptist,.      41
First Baptist,                     75
Mount Vernon Place Methodist
Episcopal,. 66
New First Presbyterian,..  47
Old First Presbyterian,.      46
Old Light Street Methodist,.  65
Sharp St. Meth Epis (colored,)    77
St. Paul's Protestant Episcopal,    63
CALVERT SUGAR REFINERY,.    113
CARROLLTON HOTEL,.         252
-CLAY CUTTING-Union Rail Road
Tunnel,..           283
CUT OF THE HARBOR,.       245
DRUID MILLS,...    179
EAGLE CLIFF AND FALLS -Havana
Glen,                         295
EASTERN ENTRANCE OF TEE BALTI     MORE AND POTOMAC TUNNEL, 302
EDMOND'S WELL-Druid Hill Park,   87
ENTRANCE OF DRUID HILL PARK,    86
ESTEY ORGAN,..        197
PAGE.
88
263 
GENERAL INDEX.
PAGE.
Cattl e  Market,..               250
CEMETERIES,.                       88, 89
Ch emistry and Pharmacy, M    aryland
College of,.....           76
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal,..    30,92
CHURCHES,....    64
Bethany IMyndependen t M ethodist,   67
Catholic C athedr   al,.26, 64, 66
Eutaw Place Baptist,.            67
First Presbyterian,...   67
Mount Vernon, M. E...    64
Old Light St., M. E....  64
St. Paul's,.....    14
City Hall,.  9
City Limits, Extension of,..  29, 89, 90, 28
Clayborne, William,....    8
CLUBs-The Allston,..              78
The Baltimore,...   78
The Maryland,                   78
Coal,..    32, 91, 218, 219, 284, 286
Coffee,..                       116
Continental Congress,..          19
Cooperage Stores,...        278
Corn Flour, Manufacture of,.           138
Cotton,.             81, 176, 1"7
Cotton Bags, Manufacture of,.       181, 182
Cotton Duck,    "         "..  180, 181
Cotton Press, The Monumental,.  131
COUNTIES OF THE STATE IN BRIEF, 91-94
Alleghany,.           91, 92
Anne Arundel,.        91, 92, 93
Baltimore,...  90, 91, 92, 93
Calvert,...      91 92, 93, 13
Caroline,....   91, 93
Carroll,.....    92
Cecil.,....  91, 92
Charles,.... 92
Dorchester,.... 91,94
Frederick,....   91, 92
Garrett,.....    91
Harford,....   91, 92
Howard,.....91, 92
Kent,.....    91, 93
Montgomery,....     92
Prince George's,.. 91,92, 93
Queen Anne's,... 91,92
St. Mary's,....   92, 93
Somerset,..... 91, 94
Talbot,....   91, 93
Washington,....     92
Wicomico,....   91, 94
Worcester,.... 91, 94
Court House...    26
Cromwell's Commissioners,..   11
PAGE.
Abell, A. S........    57, 59
Academy of Music,..            79
Agricultural Implements,.. 190,191
Allan Line of Steamships,..   289
Amusement, Places of...  78, 79
Annapolis,...  19, 22, 91
Architectural Iron Works,.         214
ARCHITECTURE,... 64, 66-68
ART,. 42
Association, Maryland State Agricultu-F
ral and Mechanical,   79, 80
"     Young Men's Christian,    67
Asylum, B.,yview,.....      47
" Blind,...51
Deaf and Dumb,.         50
Sheppard,.....         48-50
"   *Spring Grove,...   48
Baker, Charles J..... 59
Baltimore and Bremen Line of Steamers, 289
Baltimore City Jail,... 67
Baltimore Clippers,....          24
Baltimore Corn and Flour Exchange,  135
Baltimore and Drum Point Rail Road, 31,81
Baltimore and Potomac Railroad, Its
Influence upon the Prosperity of
Southern Maryland, &c.,  294, 300-303
Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road, Its
Connections, Extensions, Influence
upon Baltimore, &c., &c.
30, 31, 74, 129, 130, 284- 290
Baltimore Warehouse Company,.    131
Banks and Bankers,..    258, 259
Bar of Baltimore,...    73,74
Bar of Maryland,......               73
Bartlett, D. L.,                             71       l....9
Battle Monument,....        28,68                                         1
Battle of North Point,..27, 68, 71
Board of Trade,...    61, 62
Boundaries of Maryland,..  8,9,10
Bowie, Governor Oden,. 79, 80, 302-304
Brass and Bell Founding,..  202,203
Bricks, Manufacture of,'...    248
Brooklyn..........         81
Brooks, Chauncey,... 3
Brown, George S.......        73
Burning of the Tea,..          19
Butter and Cheese,...    110
Calvert, George, Lord Baltimore, 7, 8, 9, 10
Calvert, Leonard,.                                          10
Candies and Foreign Fruits,.. 139, 140   0
Canton and the Canton Company, In  fluence upon the Progress of the
City, &c. &c...    281-285
Carroll, Charles,....  285
* NOTE.-Inadvertently, the name of DIn. RICHARD S. STEWART was omitted in our mention of the
Maryland Hospital, now Spring Grove Asylum. That he was the originator of this institution and has
nurtured it to the present moment, when it has assumed such grand proportions, is a fact with which
every intelligent Marylander is familiar.
The treatment of the Insane, in our State at least, has been advanced to a Science mainly through his
efforts. 
PAGE.
Cumberland,.....                  91
Curled Hair,........ 183
Dedication,.. 3
Deepening of the Channel,.. 82, 83
Dentistry, Its Origin and Progress in
Baltimore,.                   76-78
Domestic Lines of Steamers,.. 32, 94
DRUID HILL PARK,..          81, 85-88
Dulany, Chase and Johnson,.. 73
Dwelling Houses,...    35, 67, 68
Early, Samuel S........             71
Early Trade and Commerce,
14, 17, 21, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 31
Eastern Shore Rail Roads,..   93, 94
East India Company,...   19
Eleemosynary Associations,.  44-47
Elevators at Locust Point,..   289
Establishment of Manufactures,.        21
Federal Hill,... 14
Fell's Point,....   13,16
Fell, William,.... 13,16
Fire Bricks and Pottery, Manufacture of, 246
FIRE DEPARTMENT, Compared with
the same in other Cities,..  83, 84
First Steamboats,...       23, 29
Fish, Trade in,....            122
Flour, Manufacture of, and Market for,
133, 134
Ford, John T....            78, 79
Foreign Steamers,...  32, 94, 289
Fort McHenry,...    13, 26
Founding of the City,...      12
Frederick City........          92
Front Street Theatre,...       79
Fulton, C. C.,'...756
Furniture, Manufacture of;.    193,194
Gambrill, Horatio N........ 81
Garrett, John W........            286
Gas,.....          28, 30
Glassware, Manufacture of,.  221, 22     M
Glassworks,...   23, 221, 222
Govanstown,......             81
Grain Trade,.                  129, 130
Grand Opera House, Ford's,.. 78
Greenmount Cemetery,..   88, 89
Guano and Fertilizers, Manufacture
of,...               235. 236
Gwynn's Falls,..... 13
Hagerstown,.....    92
Harbor of Baltimore,...22, 82, 83
Harper, Robert Goodloe,..       73
Harris, Dr. Chapin A...   76
Healthfulness of the City,..    35
Historical Society,...        42
Holliday Street Theatre,.. 78, 79
Hopkins, Johns,...   51, 52
Horses and Mules,....   249
Hospital, Johns Hopkins,..  51, 52
Hotels,... 251, 253
House of Refuge, *                      48
Howard, Col. John Eager,.'.'. 68
Incorporation of Baltimore,..    26
Ingle Rebellion,.....10
Imported Wines and Liquors,'.   125
PAGE.
Imports and Exports,.        32
Iron,....   17, 90 91, 32 22 06
Iron Bridge  Building,...  216
Jenkins, Colonel J. Stricker,.        71
Jewelry, 1........198
Jobbing Trade,   i. 142, 1843
Johns Hopkins U niversity,..    52
Johnson, Hon. Reverdy,..       74
Jones, David,.....   13
Jones' Falls, 2..   12,13
Jones' Town or Old Town,..7   13
Jones,  H. Bolton,...     73
Joppa,.1.        216
Journalists,......54
Kelso,  Thoma s,....    51
King, John,  Jr..            71
Klemm, F., see Map of Baltimore.
Law Library,....          74
Leaf Tobacco,..          184,185
Location of the City,  12, 13, 26, 29, 33, 94
Lower Counties  of Maryland  0,300,  301, 302
Lumber Trade,..            188, 189
Malt, Manufacture of,...  139
Manufactured Tobacco,.               187
Marble,.... 32, 91, 92, 241
Marine Insurance,.... 24
Marine Observatory,...    61
Market Houses,....    16, 23
Martin, Luther,....    73
Maryland Institute,...    41, 42
Maryland Jockey Club,... 79, 80
Mason and Dixon's Line,...  9
Masonic Temple,....    67
Matches,.......124
McCoy, John W.....    73
McDonogh, John,..            42, 44
McMahon, John V. L...           7, 74
Mercantile Library,...         42
Merchants' Exchange,                28, 61
Medical and Chirurgical Faculty,    74, 75
Medicine, Progress of the Science in
Baltimore,.....   74
Millinery Business,...    158
Monuments,                             68
Mount Hope and Mount Hope Retreat, 50
Mount Washington,.               81
Naval Stores,.... 227, 228
Nelson, John,....    74
Newcomer, B. F....         71
Non-Importation Societies,             19
Northern Central Railway, Its Origin,
History and Influence on the Pros  perity of Baltimore, &c., &c., 31, 291-300
Oyster, Fruit and Vegetable Packing,
101, 102
PAINTING AND SCULPTURE,.             71
Paints and Chemicals,..  221,222
Paper,.....                  168
Paper Bags,...         176
Parks and Squares,..        85 —88
Patapsco River,....    12
Patterson Park,....         87
PEABODY GEORGE,..     38 —40
Peabody Institute,...   38 —40
310
INDEX. 
PAGE.
Soap and Candles,...        123
Society in Baltimore,...     35
Spices,....        122
Stamp Act.... 18, 19
St. Mary's To wn,.........         10
St. Paul's Church,...  14, 66
Sugar,. 4...       4, 116
Sugar Refineries,.           23, 114, 116
Taney, Chief Justice Roger B..     73, 74
Teas, 12.                             120
Tenemeent Hous es.  Absence of..    35
Tim onium,.... 296
Tin,                             200, 201
Tobacco Trade,. 16 21, 22, 184, 185, 187
Towns and Villages,...    80,81
Towsontown,.                          81
Tunnels Under Baltimore, 283, 294, 302, 303
Union Rail Road,..    31, 93, 283
United States Bank,                    28
U. States Custom House and Court House, 67
University of Maryland,..   28,75
Vickers, George R.....   71
Walters, William  T...     71
W     ar of 1812,...      29 26
Wars with the Indians,..       14
War of the Revolution,... 20,21
Washington Monument,.    68, 70, 28
Water Company,..              26, 84
Water Supply of the City, Present and
Prospective,....  84, 85
Waverley,.....    88
Way, A. J. H..       73
Wells and McComas Monument,            71
Western Maryland Rail Road,.  31, 284
Whiskey,....                  126
Wildey Monument,.                70, 71
Window Glass and Glassware,       229,230
Wirt, William,                   *     73
Woodberry,                             81
Workshops at Mount Clare,         289, 290
PAGE.
Pearl Hominy,....   138
Petroleum,..     221
Philadelphia, Wilmington and Balti  more Rail Road,.                    31
Pianos,.......        196,197
Pikesville,.........            81
Pimlico,.....             79, 80
Pinkney, William,...       73
Plated Ware,.....           200
POLICE OF BALTIMORE, Its efficiency,                                                   0
and favorable comparison of the same
with other cities,....   83
Poor Association,..          44
Population,.               31, 62, 89, 90
Porter, George U....    61, 62
Preface......                           5
Press,....          54,56,59,61,62
Privateers,                            26
Provision for the Inebriate,..   50
Provision for the Insane,...  48
Provisions, Trade in...    106
Public Schools,.....      36-38
Quartley, A....         73
Raine, Frederick,.... 61
Ready, Samuel,...   51
Refined Lard,....             109
Religious Toleration,..          11
Resources of Baltimore,.  90 —94
Reuling, Dr. George,..    71
Rice,.....           121
Rinehart, William H.... 72, 73
Rivets and Spikes,...       213
Salt,.... 118
Sash Factories,..           191, 192
Scenery along the N orthern Central
Railway,....  296-299
Schwing, Mrs. S....       73
Sheppard, Moses,..          48-50
Shoe and Leather Trade,..  161, 162
Shot;...                       105
INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS.
Baltimore Steam Packet Company,         275
BANKS  The Central National, of Baltimore,  271
The Central Savings, of Baltimore,   259
The Eutaw Savings, of Baltimore,    262
The First National, of Baltimore,     261
The Franklin,...  263
The Merchants' National of Baltimore, 272
The National, of Baltimore,.  271
The National Union, of Maryland,   264
The Savings, of Baltimore,.  260
The Western National, of Baltimore, 264
Barkley & Hasson,..       117
Barrett & Higgins,..         160
Bartlett, Robbins & Cc;.               215
Abbott Iron Company,
Adams, S. H. & J. F.
Alberton Cotton Mills,
Allan Steamship Company,
Ammidon & Co.
Appold, George, & Sons,
Armstrong, Cator & Co.
Armstrong, James, & Co.
Bag Factory, The Baltimore,
Bag Factory, The Maryland,
Baker Brothers & Co.
Baker, Richard J., & Co..
Balderston, Ward & Co.
Baldwin, Wm. H. Jr., & Co.
Baltimore Female College,
I
INDEX.
311
.. 
PAGIE.
275
I
206
192
178
274
234
163
159
123
182
182
282, 233
224
.   167
180
277 
INDEx.
PAGE.
Dulany, Wm. J. C., & Co..       170
Dushane, John A....  169
Dental Surgery, Baltimore College of;  97
-Easter, Hamilton, & Sons,.. 146
Ehlers, J. D., & Co...       121
Eye & Ear Institute, The Baltimore,.  98
Eye & Ear Institute, The Maryland,    98
Fertilizing and Manufacturing Com   pany, The Maryland,..  236
Fisher, Wm., & Sons,..       269
FIltE INSURANCE COMPANIES   The Baltimore,...  257
The Baltimore Equitable,..    256
The Home,..              258
The Howard,...  256
The National,...       306
The Peabody,...  256
The Phoenix,...       258
Flack, Brothers,...  128
Flack, Thomas J., & Sons,.       128
Flynn & Emrich,...  210
Frame and Moulding Works, The Bal   timore,....  243
Gaulbrill, C. A., & Co...       132
Gambrill, Sons, & Co...  179
Garrett, Robert, & Sons,..       269
Gary, James S., & Son,.. 178
Geddes, James W...       201
George & Jenkins,...  107
Gill, John, & Co...       130
Gillet, Martin, & Co.... 120
Gilmor, Wm. of Wm...       213
Glass, David W., & Co...  169
Glass Works, The Baltimore,.  232,233
Glass Works, The Maryland Window,  230
Grafflin, John C. & Co...  182
Griffith, John A., & Co...       153
Gunther, L. W.,...  185
Guy's Monument House,.      251
Hambleton, John A., & Co...  266
Hambleton, Thomas E..       253
Hammond, John D., & Co... 167
Harris, J. Morrison,..      272
Haskell, John H.,..  204
Hicks, George C., & Co...       247
Highland Park,.            279, 280
Hiss, Wm. J..                     196
Hodges Bros.,.150
Hoen, A., & Co..                 99, 100
Holmes, William,.                200
Holthaus, F. T., & Son,.      230
Hopkins & Janney,..  228
Hotel, The Carrollton,.      252
Horner, F. F., & Co...         165
Horner, Joshua, Jr.,.  237, 238
Hurst, S. J. & John J...  165
Hurst, Purnell & Co..       151
Hutchinson Bros.,... 212
Innes & Company,                       280
Johnson, Sutton & Co..              151
Johnston, Bros., & Co..              268
Keith & Kelso,..             156
Eellinger &; Co...  175
Kelly, Pier &; Co.                     175
Kensett &; Co.,.                  104
PAGE.
Basshor, Thomas  C., &                         Co...  210
Bates, James,..             211
Beatty, James, & Co....   124
Bell and Brass                          Works, The Baltimore, 204
Bertram, Wm. A...         243
Bevan, Samuel, & Co...    149
Blake,   Charle   s                    3    G.  199
Blind,      The M ary land Insuttution for the 
Instruction of'the,..      131
Bogue, Henry,  &  Son,.. 153
B    ond,  J. W., & Co... 305
B     ook D epository, The Methodist Epis   copal,.... 171
Boston Steamship Company,. 275
Boyd, Wm. A., & Co.                   186
Bridge Comp any,  The Baltimore,.   217
Bridge and Iron Works, The Patapsco, 218
Bridges, William,...  140
Brooks, E. F.,   2.. 204
Brooks,  R ogers & Co... 164
Br ooks & Thrasher,..   143
Brosius &                           Co...         152
Brown, Alexander, & Sons,.        267
Br ow n  &        Brune,                              2.. 272
Brown, Lancaster &                        Co.. 267
Brown, Wm.  H., & Bro...  224
Bruff, Faulkner & Co...    145
Bryant, Stratton & Sadler,Business Col  lege of,.          276, 214, 250, 253
Burns, Russell & Co..  248
B urns & Sloan,..  246
Buzby, David T., & Co...  110
Canfield, Bro. & Co..             198
Carlin & Fulton,..         155
Car Wheel Company, The Baltimore,  244
Cassard Brothers,..      110
Cassard, George, & Co...  109
Cassard, G., & Son,.             109
Chappell's Chemical Works,            239
Chemical Works, The Patapsco,         225
Chesapeake Dredging Company,.  245
Child, Samuel, & Co..             234
Chrome Works, The Baltimore,.  225
Clabaugh, Nelson & Co..      270
Clarke & Jones,... 141
Coates & Brother,                     218
Coleman & Taylor,... 209
Cook, Samuel G. B.                    157
Corn & Flour Exchange, The Baltimore,135
Cotton Press and Warehouse,The Mon  umental,....  131
Cushing & Medairy,.      169
Cushings & Bailey,... 172
Davison, Wm., & Co..      225
Dell, Knapp & Co.... 275
Denmead & Son,.      209
Denny, James W... 272
Denson & Quincy,.      137
Devries, Wm., & Co.... 144
Devries, Young & Co...      164
Drakeley & Fenton,... 108
Dresel, W., &; Co..  -.         186
Druid Mills,... 179
Dufur & Co..212
Dugan, Cumberland &5 Co... 210
I
312 
PAGE.
Pratt, E., & Bro...      213
Read,  Wm. H...  224
R    eeder, C., &  o   C..      210
Reese, Charles.  & Son,.. 118
Reese, G. H., &Bos..  r.          117
Reese, John S., & Co..    240
Regester. Joshua, &,   Sons.       204
Reip & Son...    202
Retort and Fire Brick Works,   Baltimore,  247
Reynolds, Isaac, & Sons,....  241
Rhodes,  B. I.,   &   Co... 236
Russell & Alger,..... 165
Ryan & Ricketts,.....      202
Sadtler, GeorgeT'.,  & So ns,..121
Safe Deposit Company,...  265
Sa        nders, Ge        orge, & Sons,.  121
Sa        nders, H, H &     Co..   197
Savage,  Manufactur ing Companv,      180
Schumacher, A.,   &Co..  115, 274
Seim, Em ory  & Swindell, 2..    230
Shipe, Cloud &     Co...    145
Shot Tower Company, The   Merchants,  106
Simon, Charles,    & Sons,..  148
Sisson, Hugh,. h..       242
Slingluff &  Slingluff,..  272
S    mith &      Curlett,..       123
Smith.  Edwar d A...        223
Smith,  John M.,  & Th omas,.    227
Smith, Professor Nathan R...  75, 76
Snowden & Cowman,..          211
Southern Home School,..      278
Stansbury, James E..          104
Starr, B. F., &     Co.               242
Steam Boiler W or ks, The Baltimore,  209
Stevens, Charles P... 195
Stevens. George O.,  & Co..      192
Stewart., C. Mor ton,  & Co..       228
Stewart & Co...              120
Stickney Iron Company,..  208
Stork d Wright,..             174
Sugar Refinery, The Baltimore,.   112
Sugar Refinery, The Calvert,.     113
Sugar Refinery, The Maryland,.   115
Symington Bros. & Co...  225
Taylor, R. Q....            158
Taylor &d Price,..         149
Thomas, David E., de Co...       190
Thomas, George P., & Co..           126
Thomas, Joseph, & Son,,     193
Thomsen, Laurence, & Co..            125
Thomsen, Lilly & Co...      223
Troxell, Handy &; Greer,..  208
Tucker, Smith & Co.,.              162
Turnbull Brothers,                   171
Turner. Robert, &d Son,..       240
Tyler, George G.,...  189
University, The Maryland,.        95
"i    The Washington.   96
Vickers, George R...       255
Waite, Samuel R....       212
Walker, Noah, & Co...      273
~Walters, W. T., de Co.               127
Warehouse Company, The Baltimore, 131
Warren Cotton Mills,.      *      177
Weaver, Jacob}..         243
PAGE.
Keyser, Brothers & Co...      209
Kimball, Shaffar & Co...  278
King, Wm., & Bro...      231
Klinefelter Brothers,...  182
Klipper, Webster & Co...      194
Knabe, Wm., & Co. 138, 139, 183, 213, 280
Knight, C. P....  227
Kremelberg, J. D...      187
Lamb & Kemp,...  123
Larrabee, E., & Sons,..      166
Laurel Manufacturing Company,.  180
Lawson, Robert, & Co...      167
Lazarus, E. M., & Co...  228
Life Insurance Company, The Mary  land,             254, 182, 168, 188, 241
Loney, F. B.....  270
Mackenzie Brothers,..      154
Magee, Wm. P...         154
Mahony, J. C., & Co.                  105
Mallinckrodt, W., &d Son,.  153
Mansion House,...      253
Mayer & Brother,...  149
Mayer, Carroll & Co...      220
Maxwell, Wm. G...  167
McDowell & Co...      235
McKim &d Co...         269
McShane, Henry, & Co...      203
Meredith, Gilmor, & Co...      220
Merker, A., de Krug,..      211
Merritt, Jones &d Co....  221
Miller, Daniel, & Co...      147
Miller, John M., & Co... 173
Miller's Safe and Iron Works.      205
Monument Iron Works,..  209
Moore, Robert & Bro..      153
BAyer, T. J., & Co...         104
Myers, Charles H., & Bro..      125
Neal, Geo. H. C..         148
News Company, The Baltimore,          173
Nicholson & Co...         267
Nicholson, J. J., & Sons,.      270
Noble & Wilson,...  242
Norris & Baldwin,..      177
Numsen Wm., & Sons,                   103
North German Lloyd Steamship Line, 274
Oil Works, The Canton,..      221
Paine, Allen, Son, &d Co.             154
Paint and Color Works, The Maryland, 224
Parlett, B. F., & Co..  186
Parr, Israel M., & Son,..      133
Passano, L., & Sons,..   152
Patapsco Flouring Mills,.         132
Pearl Hominy Co., The Baltimore,      138
Pembroke School for Boys and Young
Men,...          175, 277
Penniman & Bro,.             155
Perkins de Co.,..         148
Perry, Clark & Co.,..      165
Pitcher & Wilson,..         249
Pitt, Charles F., &d Sons,.      225
Poole &e Hunt,..    207, 304
Poplein, [N., Jr., &e G...      224
Porter, R  B., de Son,... 155
Poultney, Trimble de Co.,.      155
Pracht, Charles, &; Co... 140
I
313
INDEX. 
ERRATA.
Whitman, E., & Sons,.
Wilkens, William, &; Co.
Wilson, Burns d& Co. 
Wilson, Colston de Co.
Wilson, John W., &d Son,
Wood, Wm. E, & Co.
Woods, Weeks de Co.
Woodyear, Wim. E., & Co.
Webb, A. L., & Son,..
Webb, George F...
Webb, George W..
Weber, Wni. F..
Weedon, Armistead, & Co.,.
Wheelwright. Mudge & Co.,.
White Lead Company, The Maryland,
Whitelock, Wm., & Co...
ERRATA.
On page 39, line 29, read "passes" for "passed."
On page 73, line 20, substitute "of" between "earnest" and "what."
On page 76, in the note at the bottom, read "University" instead of "Unviersityv."
On page 123, in the Article on Soap and Candles, at the 5th line, read "the Cape of Good Hope"
instead of "Cape of Good Hope."
On page 133, in the Flour Article, at line 6, read "are" instead of "is."
On page 142, leave out " colon," at 12th line.
On page 183, at line 18, read "existence" instead of "existance."
Top of page 207, read "Established 1851" instead of "Established 1871."
On page 248, read "200,000,000 Bricks" instead of "100,000,000 Bricks." This includes the  manufacture of Bricks at Canton.
NOTE.
The Firms of WOODWARD, BALDWIN & Co. and NoRRis & BALDWIN have dissolved since this work
went to press, and a Co-Partnership has been formed under the name of
WOODWARD, BALDWIN & NORRIS,
NAos. 9 and 11 Ilanover Street,
DRY GOODS AND CO.MMISSION MERCIIANTS,
And Selling Agents for the SAVAGE MANUFACTURING COMPANY and WARREN COTTON MILLS.
See Pages 177 and 180.
314
AGE.
137
136
199
96
124
169
226
240
PAGLI.
191
. 184
119
. 267
192
. 212
112
. 137 
A  P1 1P  E  N  1) 1 I-.
INCE the Publication of this Work a new impetus has been given to the movements
of the  IONUME-TAL CITY, and many important enterprises have been either com   pleted or inaugurated, which the Author deems necessary to include in his exhibit
of the City; and therefore he has added as many pages to it as practicable, that he might
set forth the additional attractions and new features of its enterprise and trade which
are of the most recent date.
It will appear from these that BALTIMORE is progressing surely and grandly in the
great march of the Nations. Even during a year of unparalleled financial troubles, when
the wheels of trade have been clogged, and the great burden-trains of commerce have
moved slowly, she has advanced steadily, adorning her streets and avenues with stately
and magnificent edifices; inaugurating and prosecuting the grandest schemes of improvement which she has ever undertaken; stretching out new lines of communication to the
South, West and North-West; enlarging and deepening her harbor, and advancing ter
moral, educational and benevolent interests.
To keep pace with her progress and herald anew her advantages and claims, the
Author sends out his Book thus Appended, with the earnest hope that it will contribute
an essential part to the increased trade and reputation of our magnificent Metropolis. 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
THE CITY HALL.
AMIIONG the many objects of which Baltimoreans may be justly proud is the new
City Hall.
It is one of the most elegant structures in the United States. Occupying the entire
square on which it is erected, it stands out in bold relief, impressing the observer at every
point of view with its gracefulness and grandeur.
The purity of the marble of which it is constructed, the consistency of its details, and
the harmony of its proportions, all combine to produce the most pleasing effect.
The Architect has eminently succeeded in doing what is exceedingly rare in the design
and construction of large buildings; he has given it that completeness, which merits and
receives the enconium of the educated and ignorant, the connoisseur and boor alike;
having produced an entire effect, without protruding any prominent feature at the
expense of the rest This completeness, this absence of an undue prominence of one idea,
is indicative of the highest order of architectural skill-and it is with pride we claim the
Architect, Mr. George A. Frederick, as a native Baltimorean, whose education was
received in our own city-and we take this occasion of commending our City Authorities
for giving one exception to the proverb, "a prophet is not without honor, save his own
country," in employing in every department our own artisans.
In May, 1854, Mayor Hollins approved the ordinance authorizing the purchase of the
entire square bounded by Fayette, North, Lexington and Holliday Streets.
In January, 1866, an act was passed authorizing the Mayor and City Council to build
on this site a New City Hall, and on the 18th of October, 1867, the corner-stone was laid
with appropriate rites and ceremonies, by the Grand Lodge of the F. A. A. M. of the
State of Maryland, and an eloquent oration was delivered by our highly esteemed and
justly distinguished fellow-citizen, Hon. John H. B. Latrobe, who still continues among us
ever ready to give us the benefit of his talent and wisdom in all great enterprises, as well
as in works of benevolence and art.
The Building Committee then in charge of the work were His Hon. the Mayor John
Lee Chapman, President, Thomas B. Burch, John W. Kirkley, James Smith and
Thomas C. Basshor, Esqrs.
In 1868 a new Committee was appointed consequent upon a change of municipal
administration, consisting of His Hon. the Mayor Robert T. Banks, President, George A.
Coleman, John Ellicott, Thomas J. Griffiss, George W. Stinchcomb, Ogden A. Kirkland and George A. Davis, Esqrs; and in October, 1869, the present Committee were
appointed, viz: His Hon. now the Mayor, Joshua Vansant, President, J. Hall Pleasants,
Samuel H. Adams, Ichabod Jean and John W. Colley, Esqrs.
A brief description will show it to have no superior in style and appointments.
The front length of the Building is 239 feet, the width 149 feet.
Its size may be inferred from the area which it covers, 29,000 square feet. The area of
the square including the pavements being 50,500 feet.
Its general style is the Rennaissance, preserving the simplicity and dignity of the
ancient, and adding sufficient of the modern to adorn without encumbering it. This is
accomplished by dividing and relieving the extensive fronts and faces with projecting
pilasters, columns and arches over the openings of each story, and graceful cornices, balustrades, parapets; all of which together enhance the grandeur that naturally belongs
to great structures like this.
316 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
The general plan consists of a centre structure four stories high, and two connected
lateral wings three stories high, with Mansard roofs. The centre preserves more distinctly the ancient order, terminating on the east and west fronts with pediments adorned
by sculpture in high relief representing Trade, Commerce and the Arts.  From the central roof rises the rotunda surmounted by a grand dome and lantern, composed of iron,
in the construction of which six hundred and fifty tons were used. The dome at the
base has a circumference of one hundred and seventy feet, divided into twelve parts by
rich Corinthian columns, between which are arched windows. At the base of the lantern is a projecting balcony two hundred feet from the pavement, from which the most
magnificent views may be obtained of the City and surrounding country and Chesapeake
Bay, amply repaying the toiling ascent of the steps constructed within the wall. The
entire height from the base to the finial is two hundred and fifty feet.
Above the windows and columns referred to, and at the base of the dome is the town
clock; its four illuminated dial plates facing the cardinal points of the compass, and each
plate five feet six inches in diameter; and each apartment is furnished with a clock-dial
regulated by electricity from the dome clock.
In the lantern, "Big Sam," the City Bell, is placed, weighing 6,500 pounds, manufactured by Joshua Regester & Sons, of Baltimore-which strikes the hours, sounds the fire
alarms, and is managed by electricity.
The heights of the stories are respectively, the cellar ten feet six inches; basement fifteen
feet; first and second principal stories twenty feet six inches; the Council chambers and
large Hall thirty-five feet.
Four large and commodious stairways are on each floor on spacious marble-tiled corridors. The rooms are well lighted, and heated by hot water on the indirect radiating
principle, and ventilated by special ducts leading to four shafts eight feet square and one
hundred feet high.
Each department is furnished with dressing rooms and all necessary conveniences, both
public and private.
Although the building is strictly fire-proof, every department has secure vaults, very
large, lined with iron and steel; the doors, which are of iron, were made by the American
Steam Safe Company, of this City.
All the municipal offices are contained within the building. In the basement are the
departments of the Water Board, Board of Health, City Commissioners, Inspector of
Building, City Fire and Alarm Telegraph, Port Wardens, Inspector of Illuminating Gas,
Board of Police and Detectives.
On the first principal story are the Governor's Room, the Mayor's Department, City
Register's Office, Board of Finance, City Comptroller, Tax Department, City Counsellor,
Board of School Commissioners, Park Commissioners and Harbor Commissioners.
On the second principal story are the First and Second Branch Council Chambers, each
forty-two feet square and thirty-five feet high, and the large hall forty-two by one hundred and forty feet, thirty-five feet high; all finished in the most elaborate manner, in
hard wood, with Corinthian pilasters in Scagliola of various colored marble highly polished,
crowned by rich gilt caps cast of pure brass, and surmounted by an elegant entablature.
The ceilings are covered and richly decorated. On this floor also are the Council Committee Rooms and City Library.
In the Mansard story the rooms are used for storage and safe-keeping of the Municipal
Records, beginning with those of 1797.
There is an entrance to the building on each street; the principal one on  Holliday
Street is by a marble portico, with six fluted columns and capitals of the Composite order.
The door is in bronze of heavy dimensions, and beautiful in construction and design.
The whole building is furnished in the most approved manner; the furniture is of
handsome style and finish; each apartment is supplied with that which is admirably
317
I 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
adapted to it; the desks, tables, cases, &c., are arranged in the most convenient order, and
there is no more complete Municipal Hall in the United States.
From this description, together with the engraving on page 33, our readers at a distance
may form a correct impression of our great City Hall. We may be allowed to indulge a
seemly pride in this edifice, since it is pre-eminently the result of the genius and skill of
our own workmen, built of stone hewn from our quarries and material wrought in our
founderies and factories.
As it rears its lofty sides, white with the purest marble, and lifts its grand dome above
the City which it represents, we feel that we have erected a monument which will stand
for ages, commemorative of the dignity and strength, the culture and enterprise of the
people of the MIonumental City.
BALTAIORE AND OHIO RTAIL ROAD.
OUR readers will find an accurate sketch of the rise and progress of the Baltimore and
Ohio Rail Road on pages 285-290, which was prepared from the most authentic sources
and with great care.
The magnitude of this Corporation and the importance of its relations to Baltimore
justify us in devoting additional space to it as the great institution of the Monumental
City.
The citizens of Baltimore should thoroughly acquaint themselves with its history, and
appreciate its significance to their City, for no other City in the world has such a Road
sustaining to it the same or similar relations, those relations being of such a nature and
so intimate, that the two are really identical. The Road may truly be regarded as a part
of the corporate existence of the City. Thus the interests of the two can never be antagonistic; they are mutually dependent on each other. We hold it, however, to be
especially incumbent upon the citizens of Baltimore to foster and encourage this Road,
and to manifest an enlightened appreciation of its splendid achievements in the behalf of
our City.
Whatever of commercial greatness Baltimore to-day possesses, must in the largest measure be accredited to the Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road. The genius of its entire conduct
from its origin has been to enhance the growth and importance of Baltimore. This was
the inspiration of the movement that resulted in its organization, which appears in the
language of the invitation of Mr. Geo. Brown and Mr. Philip E. Thomas to certain citizens to meet in consultation at Mr. B.'s residence on Feb'y 12th, 1827, "to take into consideration the best means of restoring to the City of Baltimore that portion (f the Westera
trade which has lately been diverted from it by the introduction of steam and other causes."
At every step in its progress this has been the ruling purpose of its Officers and Directors, to make it subserve the interests of Baltimore, and to be the great tributary to her
wealth and commercial grandeur; and at the cost of personal ease, against the opposition
of inveterate enemies, under the most perplexing discouragements, and with the pledge
of their private fortunes,. they have executed that purpose to a degree far beyond their
most sanguine hope.
The original purpose of the founders of the Road was to connect Baltimore directly
with the great West in order to make her the ent,epot of its vast and growing trade; and
this has been steadily prosecuted by every administration; they have never lost sight of
this, as the chief point of attainment. The earlier administrations, guided by the consummate wisdom and commercial sagacity, and sustained by the financial strength of
3 1:SI
I
I 
TTS PAST HISTORY AI.N) PRIESENT  ]'ESoURCES.              31')
CENTRAL OFFICE BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAIL ROAD COMPANY.
/  _                                                ___
____________                                                                 le        0                        ______________I
_______                                       ['I                                                                            -
N. W. CORNER BALTIMORE AND CALVERT STREETS,
E. F. BAIDWIN,. ARCHTiTECfT. 
THE MONUMENTAL. CITY,
such men as the Brown's, Thomas', Carroll's, Oliver's, Patterson's, McKim's, Hoffman's,
&c., surmounting obstacles that would have defeated ordinary men, completed the Road
to Cumberland; at that time considered a marvellous achievement of financial and engineering skill. From this point it was vigorously pushed on by those who are still among
us, the true representatives of the wisdom and commercial activity of Baltimore, under
the most trying circumstances and in seasons of great financial depression, until it reached
the Ohio River at Wheeling on January 1st, I854.
The present administration, with a zeal not surpassed by their illustrious predecessors,
and with a generous yet judicious spirit of enterprise, have adhered to the text of the
original founders and enlarged upon it, carrying it out into relations which even their
penetrating and expansive vision had not caught. The Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road
has not only reached the Ohio River, as meditated in 1827, but it is advancing Westward
with its mighty tread, touching lakes, crossing rivers, penetrating forests, enchaining
Cities, and if we mistake not the profound intent of its present powers, destined to plant
its stations on the Pacific Coast and bring the wealth of the Indies, the trade of China
and the Isles of the Sea, into our waiting arms.
We have alluded in our former article to the extensions and connections of the Road
in the West and South. These have been effected by uniting with and leasing other
roads, and constructing new lines running through the richest sections of Virginia and
the Western States; thus opening up and bringing into direct communication with Baltimore the whole West, with its illimitable resources.
The latest triumph of the enterprise of this Company is the CHICAGO EXTENSION.
This extension begins at Lake Erie junction, 89 miles North of Newark, Ohio, and runs
midway between the Lake Shore and Michigan Road on the North, and the Pittsburgh,
Fort Wayne and Chicago on the South, passing through a series of flourishing towns;
the entire distance from Lake Erie junction to Chicago being 268 miles-the road deviating as little as possible from an air line, having low gradients and favorable curvature.
The utmost caution was exercised in its construction, and it is unsurpassed by any other
Road in the country. An important feature of this Road is the numerous connections
which it makes with other Roads converging towards Lake Erie and Buffalo, thus draining
all portions of the Northwest and shortening the distance between Chicago, Toledo and
other important points. At the Junction with these Roads elevators are to be erected for
the rapid and economical transfer of grain. Ten or more are now in the course of erection along the line, which, by the increased facilities they provide for the farmer and
grain operator, will secure an immense trade to the Road. The Company has secured one
of the most desirable and convenient locations in the City of Chicago for its passenger and
freight stations, and has formed close and amicable relations with other lines terminating
on the Lake Front, and has made arrangements for securing access to the immense stock
and lumber yards, elevators and packing establishments of that enormous City.  At
South Chicago the Company has purchased 40 acres, upon which will be erected its water
stations, machine and construction shops, &c.  It has also secured ample Dock facilities,
and is in every way thoroughly equipped to compete for and do the carrying trade of
Chicago and the Northwest, and bring it to our doors.
By this extension Chicago is 152 miles nearer to Baltimore than to New York, over a
road of the lowest grades, with a minimum tariff on freight and passenger travel.
The Map which accompanies this article gives a better and more complete view of this
great Road, with all its extensions, than can a verbal description. From that appear not
only the magnitude and extent of the relations of that Road, but the eminent wisdom
with which the extensions have been laid out; penetrating in each direction the richest
sections of the country, and binding to Baltimore by the shortest routes, the great cities
of each section. In order to impress this fact upon the country we herewith give a table
of comparative distances, which speaks more powerfully for Baltimore than the most elo quent appeal.
'320   
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
DISTANCES FROM BALTIMORE AND NEW YORK.
FROM CHICAGO.
To Baltimore via Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road............ 815 miles.
To New York via New York Central Rail Road............ 980 "
" via Erie Rail Road......................... 961 "
" via Pennsylvania Rail Road................ 899 "
Less to Baltimore than the average distance to New York, 132 miles.
FROM ST. Louis.
To Baltimore via Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road............ 929 miles.
To New York via New York Central Rail Road............     1167 "
" via Erie Rai] Road....................1201 "
"      via Pennsylvania Rail Road................1050 "
Less to Baltimore than the average distance to New York, 210 miles.
FROM LOUISVILLE.
To Baltimore via Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road........... 696 miles.
To New York via New York Central Rail Road............ 989 "
"      via Erie Rail Road........................ 987  "
"      via Pennsylvania Rail Road................ 851
Less to Baltimore than the average distance to New York, 246 miles.
FROM CINCINNATI.
To Baltimore via Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road............ 589 miles.
To New York via New York Central Rail Road............      882 "
" via Erie Rail Road......................... 861 "
" via Pennsylvania Rail Road................. 744 "
Less to Baltimore than the average distance to New York, 240 miles.
Less from Pittsburgh to Baltimore than to New York..... 104 "
From all points South of Baltimore the distance in her favor is 200 miles. Thus the
Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road has not only put in the power of Baltimore to compete
with the other cities of the Atlantic Coast for the Western trade, but has made her to sur pass them all in her facilities and advantages.
But the vision of this Company has not been confined to the West. Looking at the
signally advantageous position of Baltimore at the head of our magnificent Bay-so far
inland and yet with an admirable harbor-its attention was directed across the ocean to
the ports of Europe, and it was determined to make it the entrepot of European trade.
Mr. Garrett, as the present honored and efficient President of the Company, appreciating
the advantages of our situation, inaugurated the enterprise of establishing a line of steamers between this Port and Europe, declaring that this would place Baltimore in the front
rank of the commercial cities of the world, a prophecy rapidly approaching fulfillment.
Thus having provided every facility for bringing both the inland and oceanic trade to
Baltimore, the Company has. at an enormous expense, made every accommodation for it
in the City itself.
The terminal facilities which have become indispensable to the increasing trade of the
country are vastly superior to those of any other City in the East. These consist of the
TIDE WATER FREIGHT AND SHIPPING DEPOT AT LOCUST POINT.
LOCAL FREIGHT AND RECEIVING STATIONS ALONG THE CITY WATER FRONT.
CAMDEN STATION.
MOUNT CLARE STATION.
LOCUST POINT is the marine terminus of the Road. The Company owns about 80
acres, with a water front of 3600 feet. The Point derived its sole importance from the
coal trade, until the establishment of the line of steamers, when the present extensive improvements were begun which appear in the engraving; these consist of large piers for
321 
THE MIONUNIENTAL CITY,
the ocean steamers, which are covered by iron sheds, into which the cars are run on
double tracks.
The Docks alongside and between these piers are 100 feet wide and sufficient to accommodate 4 or 5 steamers at once.  Freight can be transferred directly from the hold of the
vessel to the cars, thus economizing in time and expense in the handling of cargoes.
The accommodations for emigrants are also very complete. There is an office of a
(German Banking House on the pier, next to which is a ticket office, and the emigrants
can exchange their foreign notes for current money and purchase a ticket to any part of
the country; and without any delay and extra expense can enter the cars of the Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road and proceed to their destination.
On Locust Point also the Company has erected two immense Grain Elevator Buildings,
which occupy a conspicuous position in the engraving. Their capacity is over 2,000,000
bushels of grain. They contain 331 storage bins, 21 receiving and 11 shipping elevators,
which are furnished with every facility for the rapid transfer of grain.
Between the Elevators is the Rail Road Ferry, for the transfer of freight to the Canton
side, where connection is made with the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Rail
Rtoad, which forms a continuous through freight line from New York and the East, to the
South and West.
Between the -ail Road Ferry and the large Elevator, a Coffee Warehouse is building of
immense dimensions, and a Sugar Warehouse is projected on a similar site. The effect of
these extensive improvements, as it is the design of the Company, will be not only to
increase importations at this port, but to enlarge the commerce of Baltimore by drawing
hither additional steamers and sailing craft; attracting them by offering tonnage at the
lowest rates, and making this the most profitable and convenient pert of entry for the
whole country, South, West and Northwest.
Our space does not permit us to particularize concerning the facilities provided along
the water-front, at Mount Clare and Camden Station.  It is only sufficient to note, that in
the way of handling cars, transferring freight, and storage, the arrangements are most
ample and complete, so that no City or Rail Road in the country can present better inducements or offer greater facilities to trade and commerce
In its great desire to increase the commerce of the city, and the transportation of
freights, the Company has not been unmindful of the comfort and convenience of the
travelling public. Elegant and luxurious coaches are manufactured at the Company
shops, provided with all possible conveniences for passengers. But a special feature of
this Company, which indicates its superior wisdom and consideration, is the system of
Rail Road Hotels which it has adopted. At Benwood, Parkersburg, Grafton, Cumberland,
Martinsburg and Washington Junction, hotels have been established, where passengers
are served with first class meals and accommodations. All of them are kept in the very
best manner, and have already proved the practical wisdom of the Company in the great
influence which they have exerted in determining passengers to this route.
A slight review of the history of the trade of Baltimore will show the effect of the Bal timore and Ohio Rail load upon it, and reveals the fact that the large increase of both
inland and oceanic trade is immeasurably due to the facilities which it has regardless of
expense provided. We select but two departments as illustrative of this, the Coal and
Grain trade.
In 1843, when the Road was finished to Cumberland, the tonnage for the year was
4,964; in 1845, when the terminus was made at Locust Point, it suddenly increased to
108,000 tons; and since the additional facilities were provided there, it has multiplied
steadily, and in 1873 amounted to 2,019,718 tons.
The beneit of the terminal facilities offered by the Road is even more apparent in its
grain traffic. The opening of its first Elevator, Feh'y 23d, 1872, increased the receipts of
that year to 6,049,430 bushels, and necessitated the erection of the new and larger Elevator
of double its capacity.  In 1873 the amount received was 7,510,657.
322 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
The effect of these accommodations is seen in the exportation from this port. In 1870
the amount was not worth recording. In 1871, 3,004,808 bushels. In 1872, 5,232,163
In 1873, 7,251,717. At this rate of increase alone we will soon compete with New York,
as we are now second only to that city in grain exportation.
Having presented in a general way such facts as we deemed important in showing the
magnitude of this Road, and its incalculable importance to our city, it will afford an additional element to our pride and satisfaction in it, to know its financial standing. It is
established upon the soundest financial basis, having no watered stock, no large nominal
capital upon which it must earn dividends-but with an actual capital sufficient for all
practical purposes, with economy of distances, at reasonably low rates to attract and retain the growing business of the West, the Road has steadily prospered until it enjoys the
confidence of the world, as evinced by a loan of $15,000,000 at the lowest rate of interest,
negotiated by Mr. Garrett during his recent visit to Europe, at the time our country was
passing through a fearful financial crisis; and when the New York Central and Erie
Companies found it hard to meet their current obligations, the Baltimore and Ohio Rail
Road paid two dividends of 5 per cent. each and increased its surplus fund $2,880,861 82.
The Company has uniformly pursued the policy of making moderate dividends and
applying the surplus earnings in the construction of new works and securing valuable
connections, until with a nominal capital of $16,711,100 has, by investing its undivided
earnings, a surplus fund of nearly $30,000,000. By this policy it has been enabled, by
cash contracts, to have many of its most important enterprises affected at the lowest cost,
as, for instance, its Chicago Extension, which was built at the extremely low rate of
$23,000 per mile. When the history of the Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road shall be written, as it ought to be by a competent hand, it will present one of the most interesting
volumes of American enterprise and skill, and will signalize the men by whom it was
originated, and those through whose genius and resolute will it has been carried on to its
present colossal proportions.
The Presidents of the Company, with order of their succession:
Philip E Thomas, Esq., Hon. Louis McLain, Hon. Thomas Swann, W. G. Harrison,
Esq., Chauncey Brooks, Esq., John W. Garrett, Esq.
The Hon. J. H. B. Latrobe, now the Company's senior counsel, has been in the service
of the Company uninterruptedly from the commencement of the earliest surveys.
The first Board of Directors was composed as follows:
Charles Carroll of Carrollton, Wm. Patterson, Robert Oliver, Alexander Brown, Isaac
McKim, William Lorman, George Hoffman, Philip E. Thomas, Thomas  Ellicott, Talbot
Jones, William Stewart, Solomon Etting, Patrick McCaulay and John B. Morris, the only
surviving member.
CENTRAL OFFICE OF THE BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAIL ROAD CO.
THE vast expansion of the Freight and Passenger Traffic of the Road demanded
greater accommodations, and a centrally located Office, both for the convenience of the
Road and the travelling public. In consideration of this the Company purchased the
most eligible site in the City, on the north-west corner of Calvert and Baltimore Streets,
upon which the old Baltimore Museum stood, and are now erecting one of the finest
structures for this purpose in the United States. One which will be an ornament to the
City, and worthy of the Road.
As seen in the Engraving, it will be five stories high with an attic, in the style of the
Rennaissance.  The walls to be of fine cut granite, with red Scotch granite columns to
the porticos and windows, surmounted with elegant carved capitals.
2
323 
THE MON0UMENTAL CITY,
The main entrance is to be on Calvert Street, and consits of a handsome portico thirtysix feet high, with red Scotch granite columns. Over the doorway the spandrel panels are
to be enriched with carved cornucopias of grain and fruit.
The whole building will be surmounted with a heavy balustrade, and over the pediment on Calvert Street will be a pannel fifteen feet high, with the name "Baltimore and
Ohio," in raised letters.
The interior will be arranged in the most convenient manner, and elegantly furnished.
The Building is the design of MIr. E. F. Baldwin, in charge of the Architectural Department of the Road, upon whose skill it reflects great credit, and our citizens will not only
take a pride in it as a splendid contribution to the beauty of Baltimore, but find it a great
convenience.
-U N IN 0 \ ELEVATOR.
IN our article upon CANTON, to which we call special attention as a complete description of that valuable and enterprising adjunct to our City, we indicated on pages
283 and 284 certain enterprises which had been recently undertaken, and were then
proposed; among which were the construction of Elevators for the handling of grain.
We are enabled to record the completion of at least one of these, which together with
those already and about to be erected will constitute Baltimore the best grain entrepot
on the Atlantic coast.
MIr. John Gardner, of great enterprise and large experience in the construction and use
of Elevators, having thoroughly identified himself with the interests of our City, and in
spite of herculean difficulties has triumphantly succeeded in the erection of one of the
best appointed Elevators in the country, which will be seen in the Engraving is ornamental as well as an immense advantage to Baltimore.
In April, 1873, he obtained permission of the Canton Company to erect an Elevator and
Warehouse at the foot of Fifth Avenue, and the Company, with its usual promptitude in
advancing all true interests and encouraging enterprise, placed at his disposal nine hundred feet of tide-water front, including Fifth to Sixth Avenues. It further advanced him
a most liberal sum to enable him to prosecute the work. He immediately improved the
opportunity thus generously offered, and was ready at the beginning of 1874 to transfer
grain.
The building consists of an Elevator of large capacity, and storage floors. The important feature of this Elevator is its great capacity for the transfer of grain, &c., and in
this respect exceeds that of other Elevators.
The arrangements for passing grain from cars to vessel lying along side of the piers are
most complete. The piers are so arranged that vessels can discharge cargoes on one floor
and receive from the other at the same time, thus economizing both time and labor.
Steam power is used, and so employed that freights can be moved from one floor to the
other and hoisted from vessels simultaneously, and thus with a depth of water to accommodate vessels drawing twenty-two and twenty-four feet, Baltimore possesses the perfection of terminal facilities. There is in addition an outside berth where bulk grain can be
transferred from barges or vessels to ships in waiting by means of a ship-leg. The grain
can also be thoroughly cleaned by means of a powerful improved cleaner. Every precaution against fire has been taken. A tank containing 2,500 gallons of water is placed at
either end, with connecting and distributing hose at proper points.
An Artesian well, in connection with the Elevator, has been bored, whose flow of water
is very strong and abundant. It is sixteen inches in diameter, and furnishes not only the
324 
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THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
boilers but the vessels with the purest water without changing their berths. There is
another convenient arrangement by which steamers can "coal" direct from the Elevator
while receiving their cargoes; and facilities are now being provided for the deposit of coal
from the Northern Central Railway and Western Maryland Rail Road, by which Canton
and the Union Elevator can accommodate all that can be shipped hither.
These complete arrangements in connection with the concentration of Rail Road lines
from the North, South and West, and the completion of the two magnificent tunnels,
the "Union" and the "Baltimore and Potomac," give to this locality an advantage which
should command the attention of producers and shippers.
Our citizens have not yet begun to appreciate the bearing of these improvements at
Canton upon the wealth and growth of the City, but the few sagacious minds who have
begun and prosecuted them, understood their relative importance to us, and with consummate foresight and princely expenditure they have aided in doing that which will yet
make Baltimore illustrious among the great seaports of the world, and second to none of
the cities of the United States in trade and manufactuxes.
RECEIPTS OF GRAIN AT THIS PORT DURING THE PAST TEN MONTHS TO NOVEMBER
1ST, 1874-(see page 129.)
Wheat............................................. 5,668,532 bushels.
C o r n................................................ 7,928,896 "
O a t s................................................ 1,013,932 
R        ye............................................... 113,004 "
Total............................14,724,364'
NUMBER OF CATTLE, HOGS AND  SHEEP RECEIVED  IN BALTIMORE FOR  THE  TEN
MONTHS ENDING NOV. 1ST, 1874-(see page 250.)
Cattle.   Hogs.    Sheep. Cattle.    Hogs.                     Sheep.
January....... 8,207    32,377    10,454  July.......... 10,043    29,670    25,907
February...... 5,988    34,130     6,950  August....... 11,087    28,490    24,437
March......... 4,438    26,010     7,497  September.... 15,545    23,386    23,425
April......... 6,313    39,802    10,958   October....... 30,828    36,381    21,687
May.......... 4,902    31,972    13,906          -1 9      7  -3    1
June.......... 5,623    27,448    18,177                  02,974   309,766   163,398
BALTIMORE CAR WHEEL COMPANY.
FEW, if any, of our manufacturing enterprises are of more importance to us than our
iron manufacture. Made out of the very ground under our feet, the full price of every
pound of Baltimore iron that is sold is an actual addition of that amount to the material
wealth of Baltimore.  About 20,000 tons of the best "wheel iron" in the world are male
here annually.  For many years nearly the whole of this yield was shipped in tle pig to
distant points. The Baltimore Car Wheel Company's Foundry, recently erected at Canton, now converts a large quantity of this iron into car wheels of the very best quality,
and promises ere long to consume all that is produced here.
At the great Industrial Exposition held at Cincinnati from the 1st to the 30th of September. 1874, general attention was drawn to this Company's wheels, which were sub
326 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND:PRESENT RESOUR(IES.
jected to a series of very severe tests by a committee appointed for that purpose by the
officers of the Exposition. The committee consisted of Mr. H. M. Britton, Chief Engineer
and General Superintendent of the White Water Valley Railroad and President of the
American Railway Master Mechanics' Association; Mr. Samuel 3t. Cummings, MIaster of
Machinery of the Pittsbutrgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railway, and Mr. Alexander Gordon, of the Niles Tool Works.
A very interesting account of these tests appeared in the Railway Gazette of October
10th, 1874.  We have only space for a short extract.  An engine truck-whleel of the neat
hollow-spoke pattern was placed in one of the powerful wheel presses exhibited by the
Niles Tool Works. With a bearing of four inches on the outer rim at top and bottom,
the maximum power of the press (400,000 lbs.), brought to bear directly upon the centre
of the opposite side, had no effect upon it. Nor could a fracture be made with a taper
steel pin i inch larger at its thickest end than the "bore" of the wheel, into which it was
driven up to the maximum pressure of 400,000 lbs., without the wheel showing a sign of
giving way.  When afterward broken under a drop, it showed a uniform chill of' inch
and soft gray metal of uniform thickness of a little less than I inch in the arms and ribs.
Below we give the report of the committee:
CINCINNATI INDUSTRIAL EXPOSITION.
CINCINNATI, O., September 25, 1874.
At the request of Mr. W. S. G. Baker, President of the Baltimore Car Wheel Company,
we, the undersigned, acted as a committee to test the strength of his wheels by different
processes, as follows:
Wheel No. 1 was a 30-inch double-plate car-wheel, weight 460 lbs., having 12 11-16 in.
holes drilled through and across the diameter. Six taper steel pins, 7 inches long, + in. at
one end and 1 in. at the other, were alternately driven by a sledge-hammer weighing 268
lbs.; 148 blows were struck, when it showed a crack to the rim. It then required 36 more
blows to make the fracture complete. The wheel showed a uniform chill of 5-16 in.
Wheel No. 2 was a horse-car wheel, single-plate, and required 23 blows of the same
sledge to break the web, which was about I in. thick, and 43 more blows to break a piece
out of the rim. It showed a uniform chill of I in.
Wheel No. 3, a 31-inch double-plate car-wheel, was placed in a hydrostatic press, so
that it had 5+ inches bearing on the upper and lower rim. It required 250,000 lbs. to break
it in two. The pressure was brought to bear directly on the hub. Uniform chill of i in.
Wheel No. 4 was a single plate 30-inch car-wheel, weight 460 lbs. This wheel was
broken by same press, but the maximum hand of guage having caught, we could not determine the pressure. Uniform chill of I inch.
Wheel No. 5 was a 26-inch engine truck-wheel.  This was a cored arm and rim pattern, weight 445 lbs., and was forced on an axle 1.16 in. larger in diameter than the bore
of the wheel, at a pressure of 300,000 lbs. It was then removed from the axle, and underwent the same test as No. 3, with a pressure of 400,000 lbs. without a fracture; this
being the full capacity of the press.
Wheel No. 6 was a single-plate 30-inch carwheel, weight 460 lbs., and underwent the
same test as employed in No. 1, requiring 133 blows on pins before a fracture could be
seen, and then 92 more blows were required to break a section from rim, when an even
chill of i inch was shown, and a soft fibrous plate.
Wheel N0o. 7 was a double-plate 33-inch car-wheel, weight 510 lbs., pressed on an axle,
having a taper of 3 16 inch in 7 inches, and having bearings on outer rim same as in No
3. This required a pressure of 100,000 lbs. on the centre of hub to crack the plates, and
the wheel was not broken open.
(Signed)          f. M. BRITTON,
HI. IV. BRITTON,
S. M. CUMMINGS,
ALEX. GORDON,
Committee.
32,
(Signed)
mI 
THE MONUMENTAL CTTY
THE HARBOR.
ON page 82 reference is made to the harbor of Baltimore and to certain improvements
in the channel. Since the publication of this book these improvements have been completed, which are of such importance as to demand further notice.
Two main channels have been widened and deepened, called the Brewerton and Craighill channels. The Brewerton extends from Fort McHenry by a direct line to a point
one and a half miles below Fort Carroll, and thence in another straight line 9 miles, to the
ship channel entrance buoy, 4+ miles below North Point. It is 150 feet wide, with a depth
of 22 feet at mean low water; $304,317 were expended in its construction.
The Craighill channel was commenced in 1866 and completed in April, 1874, under the
direction of Col. W. P. Craighill, of the U. S. service, at an expense of about $400,000.
The channel is 250 feet wide, with a depth of 24 feet at mean low water.
There were added to the width of Brewerton channel 100 feet, which give to the harbor
continuous channel to the deep waters of the Bay.
By the ingenious management of Col. Craighill, in making the narrowest parts of the
channel where the sides are of soft mud, so that if struck by a vessel no injury ensues,
and where the material is hard increasing the width to 400 feet, he has supplied the great
need of our port, viz: a channel wide and deep enough for the largest vessels engaged in
ocean commerce to pass easily and safely.
The value of this to Baltimore cannot be overestimated, and taken in connection with
the geographical position, at the head of the Chesapeake Bay, from 100 to 200 miles nearer
to the great cities of the West than any other Atlantic city, enables her to offer the greatest
advantages to the trade in exporting and importing.
BALTIMORE PRODUCE EXCHANGE.
THE rapid growth of the population of the United States and its accumulation in large
cities have greatly increased the consumption of all kinds of provisions, and this has necessitated a special as well as general classification of the trade of these articles. Thus
the Dairy and other product have become a separate department of trade, and constitute
a very large proportion of the business of the country. The traffic in Butter, Cheese and
Eggs is especially very heavy. The amount of capital invested in it is enormous, and
will surprise not only the public but those engaged in the trade.
The statistics show that the Butter product of the United States is $436,000,000; Cheese
product, $60,000,000; Egg product enormous, figures not known.
The trade having grown to such proportions in our city, the gentlemen engaged in it
determined to organize an Exchange, and on August 1, 1874, the Baltimore Produce Exchange was established, with the following officers: Edward L. Kemp, President; Daniel
F. Pope, Vice-President; Ed. B. Owens, Treasurer; Mark J. Cornell, Secretary, and eight
Directors.
With this Exchange every facility is offered to the trade in this city, and producers
may be assured that they have advantages for the disposal of their articles not surpassed
in any other city
328 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
PEABODY INSTITUTE.
(SEE PAGE 38.)
THE Peabody Institute has four separate departments-a free reference Library, a Lecture Department, a Conservatory of Music, and a Gallery of Art. The Library now contains 56,000 volumes of books in a thousand different languages and dialets; and it has a
fair representation of the most valuable literature of the world. As a consulting library
it contains few modern novels and no juveniles whatever, but it possesses a large collection of books representing the light literature of the past, and of books in belles lettres,
history, biography, geography, travels, antiquities, philosophy, philology and science in
all its branches; and it receives 278 serial publications, representing the best periodical
literature of the day and the most advanced science of America, England, France and
Gernmany. All of these are offered to the public without money and without price. The
library is absolutely free, strangers having the same rights and privileges as citizens. It is
open every week day from 9 o'clock, A. M., till 10, P. M. The reading room is a large,
comfortable apartment, well warmed, well lighted, and free from noise.
The Institute gives from 30 to 120 lectures every winter, at merely nominal prices for
admission. In its General Course about 30 lectures are delivered by the most distinguished
scholars, literary and scientific, that can be procured, and all lectures requiring it are fully
illustrated. The charge for admission to these 30 lectures is $1.50, an average of five cents
for each lecture. The experiments at the lecture often cost more than the amount of admission fees.
Several courses of Class Lectures, each course running through the entire lecture season, are also given. The lectures are intended to give more extended instruction in language, literature, and science, than can be given in the more popular lectures of the
general course. Usually during each season one of the class courses on literature is given
in the French language and one in German. To these will be added Italian lectures so
soon as required.
The Conservatory is designed to give a thorough education in vocal and instrumental
music. Besides cultivating the voice, and giving lessons on the various musical instruments. it gives instruction in harmony, thorough bass, counterpoint, form, figure, composition, instrumentation, reading, and orchestral playing.
During each season a course of lectures is delivered by the Director on the history of
music and on the great composers and their works. A series of Symphony Concerts, at
which the best works of the great masters are performed by a trained orchestra, led by
the Director of the Conservatory, and numerous concerts by the students are given at
regular intervals during the winter. Professors of the highest grade of excellence, most
of whom have been trained in the great schools of Europe, are employed as teachers.
The students are instructed in classes at less than one-fourth the prices at which instruction of the same grade can be procured from private teachers, and they have free admission to all the concerts of the Institute besides.
The Gal!ery of Art must await the completion of the new building before it can properly be said to have an existence. It has, howeverfthree beautiful pieces of sculpture
on exhibition at the Institute-* the Clytie, by Rinehart, a bust of Pocahontas, by Powers,
and a copy of an antique marble, the crouching Aphrodite. It also possesses a full copy
in plaster of the frieze of the Parthenon, and about fifty of the most celebrated antique
and other marbles, but it has no proper place for exhibiting them.
An extension of the Institute building, which will more than double its capacity, and
will furnish ample accommodations for all its departments, has been begun on Mount
; Sce page 83.
329 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
Vernon Place, The new part, like the present building, will be built of white marble and
in the Grecian style of architecture. The entire structure will have a front on Mount
Vernon Place of 170 feet, and on Charles street of 150 feet.
The annual amount derived from the funds and available for the support of the Institute is $50,000.
Having given a complete description of the Peabody Institute in the body of this book
on pages 38, 39 and 40, and a full account of its various departments above, it is eminently
proper and desirable that our citizens should hear from Mr. Peabody himself in reference
to his munificent gift to our city.
On the occasion of the dedication of the Institute, October 25th, 1866, at which he was
present, and formally received by the Trustees and our citizens, Hon. Thomas Swann,
then Governor of the State, addressed him, on behalf of the city, in an appropriate and
eloquent speech, saying:
*           *           *           *           *           *           *          *
"We receive you, sir, not as a stranger. Your early life was commenced here in this
city, partly in our State. The sympathies and associations contracted here have followed
you throughout life. In the financial crisis of 18372 which spread over this whole Union,
affecting more or less almost every State within our limits, when we required countenance
and support abroad, you, sir, stood the fast friend of the State of Maryland [applause],
and by your efforts, by the weight of your great name, pointed us to that career of prosperity and success in the management of our financial affairs, which has placed us to-day,
I will not say in advance, but by the side of the most prosperous of our sister States.
"And we are here to announce to you that this great Institution is now ready to enter
upon the work of practical development in the great cause of human advancement, which
it was your purpose to accomplish in the letter of instructions which you placed in the
hands of the Trustees entrusted with this charge.
"And no man, Mr. Peabody, whether living or dead —in this country or any countryhas attracted a larger share of the public attention by works of disinterested charity and
benevolence. [Applause ] You have not lived for yourself alone. Two hemispheres
attest your princely liberality. Retiring to your native country, after so many years' absence, crowned with all the honors that human applause can bestow upon a private citizen, not excepting the applause of royalty itself, I feel proud, standing within the walls of
this noble Institution, the work of your own hands, for which we are indebted to your
unaided liberality, to say, sir, that I speak here to-day, not only the sentiments of the vast
crowd before me, but of the whole State of Maryland, when I assure you, that in honoring George Peabody we honor ourselves." [Applause.]
To which Mr. Peabody replied:
"But I am sure you will pardon me, my fellow-citizens, if on one point to which
Governor Swann has eloquently alluded-the spirit of harmony in which all should be
carried out-I speak a few words, coming as they do from the very depths of my heart,
and appealing to you, you the people of Baltimore, with whom rests the success or failure
of this Institute. For, as years advance, and what were forebodings for the future have
become merged in the past, the earnest desire for unity and brotherly feelings which I
cherished and expressed ten years ago, in the terms referred to by the Governor of Maryland, has become deeper and more intense. It is my hope and prayer that this Institute
may not only have and fulfil a mission in the fields of science, of art and of knowledge,
but also one to the hearts of men, teaching always lessons of peace and good-will, and
especially that now it may in some humble degree be instrumental in healing the wounds
of our beloved and common country, and establishing again a happy and harmonious
Union-the only Union that can be preserved for coming ages, and the only one that is
worth preserving.
330 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
"'To you, therefore, citizens of Baltimore and of Maryland, I make my appeal, probably
the last I shall ever make to you. May not this Institute be a common ground, where all
may meet, burying former differences and animosities; forgeting past separations and
estrangements, weaving the bands of new attachments to the City, to the State and to the
Nation. May not Baltimore, her name already honored in history as the birth-place of
religious toleration in America, now crown her past fame by becoming the day-star of
political tolerance and charity; and will not Maryland, in place of a battle-ground for
opposing parties, become the field where milder counsels and calm deliberations may prevail; where good men of all sections may meet to devise and execute the wisest plans for
repairing the ravages of war, and for making the future of our country alike common,
prosperous and glorious, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and from our Northern to our
Southern boundary."
And in an address to the children of the Public Schools, who surrounded him as he
spoke, he said:
*4            i             *.;            *                          *
"With such an assemblage as this, therefore, I am glad to have my name associated, as
I see that it is, by the badges worn by many of you, and I shall feel it to be a very great
honor if the medals thus bearing my name shall continue, as I am informed they have
heretofore done, to prove incentives to application, diligence and good conduct, and I shall
ever take a sincere interest in those to whom they are awarded.
"There is another relation in which I look upon you, and that is the future guardians
of the Institute from which I speak to you. For in a few short years you will have left
the places you now occupy, and taking the positions of those at present in active life, will
have the care and enjoy the privileges of this Institution.  And I hope most earnestly that
it may be the means of all the good to you that was contemplated in its foundation, and
that you, on your part, may see that it is carried on always with kind feelings and harmony. And so I trust, my dear young friends, that in passing by this edifice-young
as you are now-you will feel in looking upon it, not that it is one for grownup men and
women, and with which you have no concern, but that it is yours also; that you will at
no distant day have a right in it as your heritage, and so will even now in your tender
years take an interest in it and all things connected with it.
"I have now but little advice to give you, for I am sure that your parents and teachers
have bestowed, and will always bestow upon you, the kindest and most earnest counsel;
but I would say, attend closely your studies, and remember that your close attention to
them is a thousand times more important to you than to your teachers. Bear in mind
that the time of your studies, though it may now appear long to you, is in reality very
brief, and at a future day, when it is perhaps too late, you yourselves will feel that it is so.
Do not be ashamed to ask advice and take counsel from those older than yourselves; the
time will come when you, in your turn, may advise those younger than you, and who
will follow in your footsteps. Strive always to imitate the good example of others. I am
glad that your assemblage is in this most interesting place, for I hope that your future
recollections of this occasion may be connected with the thought of him whose statue
crowns yonder beautiful monument, the illustrious Father of his Country, and that you
may be induced to take him more and more for your model; for he, pre-eminently great
among men, was also great and good in his boyhood and youth.
"Finally, strive always to act as if the eye of your Heavenly Father were upon you,
and if you do this, His countenance will always smile upon you."
May the people and youth of the Monumental City honor the memory of this great and
good man, by employing this Institute as he intended, and by enacting in their lives the
pure and noble sentiments with which he accompanied his princely gift at its dedication.
331 
:THE MoN0UMENTAL CITY,
ACADEMY  OF MUSIC, BALTIMORE.
(NOInTli H1Ow-Al]) STIEET'.)
*The Authur ackuluwlIudget the courtesy of the proprictor uof the Baltimore Gazectte for the use of
this Cut.
~3 ),)
o~J~ 1
]1
IX
I ['> 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESET RESOURaES.
THE ACADETMY OF MtSIJTC.
BALTTIMIORE, not to be behind her sister cities in the department of Music and the
Drama, has erected an Academy of Music, which is unsurpassed in the United States.
About two years ago a number of our most highly cultivated and enterprising citizens
projected and liberally subscribed towards it, and though we had a number of fine edificees for the purposes of the drama and music, such as * Ford's Opera House, Concordia
Building, Masonic Temple, Raine's Hall, &c., there was no building, which, in all respects
just suited the wants of our community, and that could compare with the grand halls
of other cities. But, on the completion of this building, we have one that will compare
favorably with any similar structure in the world, which includes spaces and features not
found in any other. Its magnitude may be inferred from the size of the lot which it
covers, 120 feet by 250. Its facade is in the Romanesque style, and rises to the height of
100 feet, presenting an imposing view. The grand entrance on Howard street is through
arched doorways into an elegant hall with the purest marble floors and richly decorated
walls and ceiling. The hall passes between two splendid and brilliantly lighted caffs,
exquisitely frescoed. Over the hall and cafes, on the second floor, is a Concert and Leeture room, with dancing floor, and sitting capacity for 1200 persons. Its rich ceiling,
whose span is 100 feet, is divided into three long compartments by arcades forming the
front of spacious galleries, under which are dressing rooms and pantries with dumbwaiters, and every appliance for large entertainments. The approach to the hall is by two
grand stairways, 14 feet wide, whose walls are beautifully painted in-decorated panels.
Occupying the centre and rear of the edifice is the Grand Opera House, to which the
main hall on the first floor leads; this is surrounded by a wide lobby, from which there
are numerous openings into the auditorium, which is beautiful beyond description. This is
arranged according to the most approved plan, so that the entire stage is visible from every
seat in the house, on the floor and in the dress circle and galleries. The stage is perfect in
its appointments, and the machinery so complete as to produce every possible variety of
scenic effect. It is 80 by 75 feet, with a height of 80 feet above and a depth of 36 feet
below it.
The arrangement of boxes is peculiar to it; the box-circle having two rows of boxes
with four seats and rows of single seats for those desiring but one.
The Green and Dressing rooms are commodious, and finished in the most approved
manner, with every possible convenience.
From the centre of the Crystal Dome, hangs the great Chandelier of the most magnificent style, unsurpassed in any other city in the United States, it is 27 feet from the dome
to the foot-knob, and has a major circumference of 52 feet. It is constructed of gilded
metal and glass with 240 candle-shaped burners and 994 strands or chains of crystal,
festooned from the bands with tassels of prismatic drops. The electric battery produces a
spark seven inches in length. When lighted it is brilliant beyond description and forms aperfect completion of this grand Auditorium; a similar Chandelier, with 120 burners is
in the Concert or Ball Room described above.
Standing upon the stage, and getting a full view of the house, the effect is gorgeous.
From the magnificent ceiling, with its exquisite frescoes and transparent crystal centre,
to the floor, there is perfect elegance. The walls are traced in gilt and colors. The fronts
of the galleries are beautifully decorated; the columns are graceful, and the "tout ensemble" is the expression of highest art and the most cultivated taste.
The builder, Mr. B. F. Bennett, and the architect, Mr. J. Crawford Neilson, deserve
special commendation in their respective parts in the construction of this grand building.
": Paftet  60. 61, 7,,. 79.
333 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
MARYLAND ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
THE Maryland Academy of Sciences, encouraged by the public spirit of some of our
generous citizens, has laid the foundation of an enterprise which ought to appeal to the
sympathies of this entire community. It has erected a Hall for the use of its members
and for the delivery of public lectures, and has placed therein large glass cases, which are
being rapidly filled with choice specimens of Mineralogy, Geology and Natural History,
illustrative of the resources of our own State and of the region adjacent to it.
Alive to the deficiencies which exist in our systems of higher culture, it aims to supply
a want that is felt by many who desire to gain an intimate knowledge of natural objects
and of their relations to each other, and to the region to which they belong. Aware that
our mineral resources are still almost untouched, that our birds and fishes need protection
and development, and that our wealth of shell-fish is capable of being enlarged indefinitely, it desires-to increase and diffuse the knowledge which is necessary to promote their
successful and intelligent cultivation.
Hitherto our city has not been very quick to apprehend and to appropriate her natural
advantages for improvement; for, with all the possibilities of superior position, climate,
and beautifully varied surface, it has taken a long time to secure many of the improvements of which we are now so justly proud. But now a new era seems to be opening,
fresh energies have been stirred, and some progress has been made towards a more advanced, while more active, civilization.
Still, many issues have to be met; a more ample and permanent supply of pure water
has to be provided, (both for the domestic uses of our steadily increasing population and
for our rapidly extending manufactures); s system of perfect drainage has to be established; and departments for the teaching of the sciences and their applications have to be
added to our higher schools.
As a contribution towards these objects, the Academy has made a beginning.  Explanations and lectures, descriptive of our region, and of its natural phenomena and resources, have been projected and will soon begin, and to this feast, as well as to the
treasures in its Museum, all will be admitted gratuitously. Our citizens cannot afford to
let such an enterprise remain in embryo. A large building is requisite to contain and
display only those natural objects which belong to our territory or which characterise
some of its past or present areas.
Our hydrographic basins and the ocean need to be carefully studied, both to afford the
ready intercourse of an unobstructed navigation and to aid in perpetuating their bountiful
supplies of food.
None of our natural features remain stationary-the frosts of winter, the heats of summer, and the sharp teeth of chemical agents, unite in levelling the summits of our granite
mountains and primeval hills, while the currents of the sea and of our rivers, and the impetus of winds and rains, scoop out vast reaches of our Eastern peninsula and deposit
their fragments in the path of an increasing commerce. To us, far more than to our
Northern neighbors, these forces echo, that eternal progress is peculiarly our destiny-we
can stand still only at our future peril.
To such interests the Academy is devoted; to represent them and make them widely
known, a large Museum and its facilities are needed.  To the enlightened spirit which
has prompted such benefactors as George Peabody, Johns Hopkins and others to establish
here perpetual monuments of wisdom and sagacity, we look for the means to accomplish
a part of our manifest duty in advancing the prosperity of this community.
334 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND -PRESEWT- RESOURCES.
PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
THE * Public School system of Baltimore is the growth of nearly half a century, and
during that period it has accomplished such grand results, and promises so much more in
the future, that it has become an important element in the prosperity of our community.
BALTIMORE CITY COLLEGE, NORTH HOWARD STREET.
An act was passed by the General Assembly of Maryland, on the 28th of February,
1826, which authorized the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore to establish Public
Schools and to levy and collect such taxes as were necessary for their support; and on
the 17th of January, 1827, the City Council adopted an Ordinance accepting the Act of
Assembly.
;:: Pages             1;,,'1;'.
335 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
Three Public Schools were established in the City in 1829, under the-control of three
teachers with two hundred and sixty-nine pupils. They soon secured public confidence
and increased in number; and as they became more thorough and efficient their beneficial
influence was felt and appreciated by the community. The growth of these schools has
been regular and rapid, and in view of the fact that the attendance of pupils is voluntary and not enforced by any compulsory laws, they have increased in number and
influence as rapidly as those in any other city.
During the year 1873 there were one hundred and twenty-three schools, with six hundred and twenty-four teachers, containing over forty thousand pupils in attendance, about
one-half of the number being girls.
The system embraces Primary, Grammar and Collegiate Institutions, adapted to every
class and sufficient to furnish the most liberal education.
Baltimore City College was established in 1839, and the Female High Schools in 1844,
and many of our most valuable and honored citizens are graduates of the former, whilst a
large number of our most accomplished women have received their education in the latter
schools. In addition to the regular schools for instruction in English there have also been
established English-German Schools, for the purpose of enabling the children of German
parents to receive the full benefit of Public School education. These have been deemed
necessary in view of the large number of Germans in our city, who contribute much by
their labor and industry to its material prosperity. These schools will enable their children
to acquire a thorough English education, whilst at the same time other pupils can obtain
such instruction in the German language as may aid them in future business relations.
This extension of our Public School system has met with general approval, and will popularize our schools.
There are thirteen schools exclusively for colored children, containing over three
thousand pupils. They are under the charge of white teachers, who are as well qualified
as those of the schools for white children, and who furnish every grade of instruction
which may be needed. The colored people of our city fully appreciate these educational
advantages, since they have never demanded mixed schools, which would necessarily be
injurious to the educational interests of both races.
In view of a recent Act of Congress, it is contemplated to establish here a Nautical
School, under the auspices of the School Commissioners and the Board of Trade. The
object of this school is to impart instruction in navigation, seamanship, and all matters
which pertain to the proper equipment and sailing of vessels. A suitable United States
vessel will be furnished at this port, and nautical instruction will be given by competent
officers of the Navy and assistants. This school will be of great benefit to the merchant
service of our city, by the promotion of nautical education, which has heretofore been
so much neglected.
The new building for the Baltimore City College is one of the most commodious and
elegant public structures in our city. The lot is one hundred and twenty feet front, with
a depth of two hundred feet, and cost $60,000. The building is designed in the College
Gothic style, and cost about $120,000.
The maximum dimensions of the place are ninety-nine feet four inches in width by one
hundred and sixty-nine feet in depth, and the building is three stories high, and contains
all the necessary class-rooms for six hundred pupils. It is thorough in all its appointments, and will furnish accommodations equal to any school building in the country
336 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
MARYLAND STATE NORMAL SCHOOL.
THE State Normal School was established by Act of the General Assembly, in 1865,
and was organized in January, 1866.
It is intended for the education and training of Teachers for the Public Schools of the
State, and is supported by an annual appropriation of $10,500. The school was first
opened in the Red Men's Hall, in Paca Street, and was very slimly attended, the first
session averaging not more than thirty students, but it grew rapidly in numbers and
popularity; and in 1872, having entirely outgrown the limited accommodations of the
Red Men's Hall, it was removed to the spacious building, corner of Charles and Franklin
Streets, formerly occupied by the Union Club, where it is held at present.
The Legislature made an appropriation of $100,000 for the purpose of erecting a new
building for the use of the school. The Board of Public Works have selected a site on the
corner of Republican and Townsend Streets, opposite Lafayette Square, and will build a
handsome and commodious house. The plans having been already prepared by Mr
Frank E. Davis, Architect, and approved by the Board.
The number of students at present in attendance in the Normal School proper is one
hundred and fifty-eight, and in the Model School connected therewith fifty-three.
FRORNT STREET THEA''RE.
ON Thursday evening, September I0th, 1829, the "New Theatre and Circus" (now
* Front Street Theatre) was first opened with an audience of about 3000 persons.  Many
prominent actors and actresses made their appearance in this theatre, and it at once became a favorite resort for the pleasure seeking society of the city.
* l'a;u.
337 
' THE MONUMENTAL CITY)
On February 3d, 1838, a disastrous fire destroyed the building. It was occupied by Mr.
Cooke with his celebrated equestrian troupe and a stud of 50 splendid horses. His entire
stock, fixtures, machinery, wardrobe decorations, including the horses, twelve of which
were extremely small, were destroyed
The theatre was rebuilt by Mr. Wm. Minifie (architect) the same year, 1838, and on May
22d a furious tornado swept over the city and blew down a large portion of the old wall;
the theatre was opened again on December 3d, 1838.
It has been under various management, not always satisfactory to its best patrons, but
six years ago Col. Wm. E. Sinn assumed the exclusive control, and appreciating the difficulties of such a large enterprise, as well as the wants of the community, he has sought
to introduce and carry out a regime which is more satisfactory and gratifying to the immense audiences which nightly fill the spacious building. In his conduct of the entire
establishment he has displayed signal ability and knowledge of his profession.
EVENTS CONNECTED WITH THIS THEATRE.
It has been identified with many important and exciting public events, having been a
favorite place for holding great meetings and conventions. On February 22d, 1832, the
centennial anniversary of the birth of George Washington was observed with extraordinary demonstration by the citizens of Baltimore. An immense concourse of people
assembled in it, and W. H. Collins, Esq., read Washington's Farewell Address, and Hon.
J. H. B. Latrobe delivered an eloquent oration.
In December, 1850, Jenny Lind, the "Swedish Nightingale," gave four concerts here to
delighted audiences, the receipts of which amounted to $60,000.
On June 18, 1860, the National Democratic Convention, according to the order of its
adjournment at Charleston, reassembled in this city and chose Front Street Theatre for
its sessions. Hon. Caleb Cushing presided. The session was a stormy one; on the fourth
day (21st of June) the reports were submitted, which occasioned a bitter wrangling of the
two parties in the Convention; upon the adoption of the majority report, filling the vacant seats of the Gulf States with Douglass men, several States, with Virginia, California
and Oregon in the lead, withdrew.  Mr. Smith, of California, remarked, "this Convention
has properly been held in a theatre, and upon that stage a play has been enacted this evening that will prove a tragedy, of which the Democratic party will be the victim." After
the withdrawal of delegates, the Convention remaining nominated Stephen A Douglass
for the Presidency. On the morning of the 21st, at the moment of the most intense excitement, while the Committee on Credentials were reporting, a loud crash came from the
centre of the floor and over 100 delegates were seen going down through the stage; for a
moment the wildest confusion prevailed, but order being restored, it appeared that the
front of the stage and covering of the orchestra had given way and sunk about three feet,
throwing those seated there into a confused mass, from which they were with difficulty
extricated.
On the 7th of June, 1864, the Union National Convention assembled in Baltimore and
held its sessions in this theatre, and nominated Abraham Lincoln for the Presidency and
Andrew Johnson for the Vice-Presidency  On November 20th, 1866, Baltimore was the scene of one of the finest civic displays
ever witnessed. The occasion was the laying of the corner-stone of the new Masonic
Temple. Members of the Fraternity came from all parts of the country. Upon the conclusion of the ceremonies the Knights Templar of Baltimore entertained the visiting Commanderies with an elegant collation in the Front Street Theatre, which was described as
a most brilliant affair.
338 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
YOtUNG AIEN S CHR,ISTIAN ASSO(f'1ATION BUILDING.
THE movement inaugurated in December, 1870, by the public meeting held at Masonic
Temple, has culminated in the splendid edifice now nearly completed-(see l)age 43.) This
meeting embodied a singular representation of the wealth, public spirit, social and religious influence of the city. It signalized the interest of the gentlemen present in the great
idea of utilizing in the interests of religion, good morals and liberal charity, the organized
efforts of the young men of the city, who, being members of the various churches in the
community, were believed to offer a most valuable agency for the accomplishment of these
great results.
The result of the meeting was to devolve the execution of the project upon a Board of
Trustees, who were to hold the funds subscribed for the purpose of erecting a suitable
building, and on whom the trust imposed the responsibility of carrying the project into
effect upon a large and liberal scale, which would gratify the intentions of the generous
donors of the fund, both as to the religious influences of the enterprise and its value generally as an auxiliary to the social and intellectual advancement of the community.
The building is situated on the corner of Charles and Saratoga streets, in a very central
position, and occupies a point well calculated for perfect lighting and ventilation of the
apartments.
The first or ground floor, with the exception of the stairways, is entirely occupied by
first class store-rooms, the revenue from which will form a very important item in the
finances of the Association. The second floor is reached by a wide, easy flight of stairs,
from a conspicuous entrance on Charles street. On the right of a spacious and handsome
vestibule is a large conversation room, having at one side the beautiful bay window afforded
by the corner tower.  On the left is the reading room, 36x40 feet beyond the grand stairway; the business office and the Secretary's room are both large and convenient.
In front of the stairway, and in the vestibule before mentioned, are the entrances to the
grand hall and lecture room, capable of containing 1200 persons, triangular in shape, and
presents a large area in the floor and in the two galleries, while yet no seat is over 45 feet
from the speaker, and the lights are most conveniently arranged.
This room extends through three stories of the building to the floor of the Mansard roof.
On the third story are large Class Rooms, Editor's Rooms, Board Room, and a splendid
Library, about 45 feet square.
The Cloak Rooms, Wash Rooms and Closets are distributed about the building so as to
be quite private, while easy of access.
The fourth floor contains also several Class Rooms and two Gymnasiums.
The large space of the French roof is not appropriated as yet to any purpose.
This building is peculiarly well lighted and ventilated, especially in the Lecture Room.
It is heated by steam, and the chimney shaft has been largely used for the purpose of extracting air, other shafts being used to supply it.
The exterior of the building is rich in trimmings of Cleveland stone in our best pressed
brick walls-the angle tower and all the first story being entirely stone.
It is an imposing building, having something of a collegiate character, and is most advantageously situated to show the fine effect of its roofing and towers.
This enterprise was carried out by the liberality of a large number of citizens, whose
donations supplied the means, judiciously expended. It was constructed by Mr. William
Ortwine from the designs of Niernsee & Neilson, architects.
339 
THE [MONUMENTAL CITY
MARYLAND INEBRIATE ASYLUM.
HARLEM LODGE.
THE Maryland Inebriate Asylum, known as Harlem Lodge, is an incorporated Institution, for the care and treatment of Inebriates. 
It is controlled by a Board of Trustees; its chief executive officer is Joseph Parrish,
Physician, with the title of Superintendent, who resides upon the premises, and is also
Secretary of the Board.
There is a certain number of free beds, which are occupied by beneficiaries of the State
and City of Baltimore. There is provision also for those in moderate circumstances, who
pay but a small sum per month, and there are private apartments for men of means who
are willing to pay for extra space and accommodation.
The location is a beautifully retired spot on the old Frederick road, about five miles
from the city. Thirty-five acres of land are laid out in groves, orchards and gardens, in
which are included a green-house, ten-pin alley and billiard-room, which furnish ample
opportunity for entertainment and for useful occupation.
The discipline is mild and skillful, the officers having always in view the cultivation of
the self-respect of the inmates. A good library is supplied, and a literary society or guild
for mutual aid and improvement is maintained.
Cards containing on one side a diagram of the different routes to the Institution and on
the other the names of the Trustees, have been placed in the hands of physicians, clergymen, policemen and hackmen of Baltimore, that strangers arriving in the city, as well as
residents, may learn from these several sources of information the locality of the Institution and the address of the Trustees.
MARYLAND LYING-IN HOSPITA.L.
THE College of Physicians and Surgeons of Baltimore was chartered in 1872, and its
powers enlarged and extended by the Legislature in 1874, with Drs. Harvey L. Byrd
Thomas Opie, William W. Murray and others, as coporators. At the same session the
Legislature by special act appropriated twenty thousand dollars, and empowered the College of Physicians and Surgeons to use tle same in establishing a Lying-in Hospital in
connection with and under the control of the Faculty of the College. A suitable building was soon secured, and the Asylum opened on Lombard Street, between Hanover and
Sharp Streets. The Asylum has been arranged and furnished with special reference to
the comfort and health of its inmates, and will compare favorably in all respects with any
similar institution in this country; offering the advantages of a home to the poor and destitute during the most trying and important period of female life.
Hitherto this class, always considerable in every large community, and found in greater
or less numbers in rural districts also, are invited to come when in need of the skill and
nursing which they require during parturition, without money and without price, until
they and their offspring can return to their homes.
Provision is made also for such women as have not the means of procuring suitable
nurses during confinement at their own homes, at moderate charges. Private rooms are
likewise arranged for those who might prefer the privacy and attention the Asylum offers,
to the boarding-houses and hotels in which thev reside.
The State has probably never made an appropriation which is likely to prove of such
great advantage to the deserving poor as that for the establishment of this noble institution.
* See page 50.
340 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
" HOMEWOOD  PARK."
THIS beautiful Park has recently been added to the attractions of the "Monumental
City."
It was generously presented by its owners to the Mayor and City Council, on conditions
that will ensure its improvement and use as a public pleasure-ground for all coming time.
It embraces about sixteen acres, bounded by Charles Street and Waverley Avenues,
Holmes and Oak Streets. The most noble oaks, tulip-trees and other magnificent
monarchs of the forest already adorn it.
The Engineer of Druid Hill Park, A. Faul, Esq., says, "that without altering the natural surface, it is susceptible of great beauty in laying it out in winding walks, dells, miniature water-falls and lakes."
It is immediately opposite the elevated grounds of the "Peabody Heights," which are
to be occupied only by elegant, first-class residences; and the grand projected avenue,
which is to connect "Clifton" and "Druid Hill," will pass in its vicinity; in short, it is
destined to become, both in its own natural beauty and its delightful surroundings, one
of the most charming and attractive spots in Baltimore or its suburbs.
MILITARY.
THE close of the war between the sections of our country found the State of Maryland utterly without a militia force.
In the year 1867, however, the General Assembly, acting on the Declaration of Rights,
Article 28, "That a well regulated Militia is the proper and natural defense of a free
Government," passed a law which, while very imperfect, still caused a revival of the
military spirit in a State always renowned for the bravery and discipline of her troops.
Under the stimulus of a newly-awakened spirit and the liberality of the General Assembly,
nine Regiments of Infantry, two Batallions of Artillery, and three Companies of Cavalry
were raised in the City of Baltimore alone, while in the counties several other Regiments
of Infantry and Cavalry were formed. The principle on which this force was created was
wrong, and soon worked its destruction, so that, in 1870-1, the Fifth Regiment of Infantry
alone remained of that arm, and the three small Companies of Cavalry. The Fifth
Regiment not being dependent on the State for its support, and imbued with a spirit not
to be quenched, continued to prosper, until at this time it has a national reputation and
fame.
Commencing with the year 1869, the Fifth has gone into Camp of Instruction for a
week to ten days, annually, and has improved itself in discipline and knowledge of camp
duties, while affording to the officers and men a cheap and pleasant mode of summer
recreation. Twice, viz: in 1870 and 1873, it encamped for ten days at Cape May, and
while there was reviewed severally by Gen. Meade and Gov. Randolph, of New Jersey,
and Gov. Hartranft, of Pennsylvania, and was the recipient of the most distinguished
courtesies from the press and people congregated from all parts of the United States. In
1874 its encampment was at Long Branch, where the President of the United States reviewed and complimented it for discipline and appearance, as he had previously done
min Washington. From Long Branch the Regiment visited New York, and under the
escort of the celebrated New York Seventh were received with an enthusiasm hardly ever
equalled in New York; and by the critic of the "Army and Naval Journal," the Fifth
34:1 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
was awarded the front rank of the Militia of the United States. This result, so gratifying
to the members of the Fifth, has been attained only by good conduct, strict discipline,
gentlemanly intelligence and honorable conduct of officers and men alike. Socially equal
and personally intimate out of the ranks; when on duty no familiarity or favoritism is
desired by the men or permitted by the officers.
The Fifth Regiment is now regarded as one of the institutions of our City, of which the
citizens are justly proud. In recognition of the good-will of the city authorities, the
Mayor and City Council of Baltimore, in 1871-2, built for the Regiment an Armory —for
purposes to which it is devoted-unsurpassed in the United States. The main drill-room,
without a pillar, is one hundred by one hundred and forty feet, with a large gallery,
accommodating about twelve hundred people to view the drills; beside the main hall,
there are some sixteen large rooms used for Companies head-quarters, band, &c.
The Regiment has about five hundred men, fully armed with Springfield breech-loading
muskets, and equipped thoroughly for immediate service; the repressive influence of
such an organization upon the rowdy and turbulent elements of our city is worth many
thousands of dollars to the people.
Within the last two years another Infantry Regiment has been raised, viz: the Sixth,
It has a large Armory on the corner of Calvert and Saratoga Streets, where it is undergoing
that discipline and training which will make it a credit to our City, and a pride to the
members themselves. Under the fostering care of the State it has continued in successful
organization, with a full list of officers and members, and upon occasions of public drill
is very much admired and praised by our citizens.
The Cavalry still consists of three Companies, in a prosperous condition, all under the
command of Major Harry Gilmor.
The Colonel of the Fifth is J. Stricker Jenkins, and of the Sixth, Clarence Peters.
TH-E SALVTAGE  CORPS.
IT has always been evident that there is an enormous destruction of property at fires
from reckless handling and by damage from water. Various attempts have been made
to adopt a system to prevent this, with only partial success.
The Salvage Corps of this City seems to be the most efficient mneans yet devised for this
purpose. It was organized through the efforts of Messrs. Andrew Reese, President of the
Howard Fire Insurance Company, the Fire Inspector Mr. Charles T. Holloway, and other
gentlemen connected with the Insurance interests, who have brought it to its present state
of efficiency. It is as yet a voluntary Association, supported by various Fire Insurance
Companies, to whom its operations have been of most material advantage.
Its equipment is two elegant silver mounted wagons, with six of Holloway's Chemical
Extinguishers, buckets, axes, and water-proof covers.
The specific duties of the Corps are:
1-To extinguish incipient fires; 2-Prompt use of water-proof covers on perishable
goods; 3-Removal of goods to a place of safety; 4-Taking charge of damaged goods;
5Notifying Companies of the perilous condition of premises.  These and such other
duties as the case may demand are performed without conflict with the Fire Department.
Such an organization, which has abundantly demonstrated its necessity and value, should
be liberally supported, and the gentlemen who through much difficulty and opposition
organized it, deserve the thanks of the whole community.
342 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
,STAtIE  HI.OUSE  OF  COPRREC'l'1iON.
BY an Act passed at the Session, January, 1874, of the Legislature of the State, an
appropriation of $250,000 was made for the purpose of purchasing a site and erecting
thereon a State House of Correction.
The Board of Public Works and Attorney-General of the State were constituted a
Board for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this act. The object and want of
such an institution must commend it to the people of the State. In this, as in every community, there exists quite a large number of degraded and evil disposed persons of all ages
and both sexes, who, from confirmed habits of idleness and dissipation, become habitual
violators of the law, and entail a heavy expense upon the taxpayers, through repeated
trials in the courts and incarceration in our jails, without returning any compulsory labor,
or having the benefit of reformatory instrumentalities by which their characters and habits
may be amended. This Institution is designed to supply the want which this state of
things creates. Under the intelligent and efficient management to which, by the law,
this Institution is entrusted, we believe that it will not only be self-sustaining but one of
the most valuable and salutary in the State, especially so to the City of Baltimore, to which
it will be conveniently located, 15 miles on the Washington Branch of the B. & O. R. R.,
near Jessup's Cut
SUNDAY SCHOOLS.
WE would be false to the spirit of this Work if we failed to give more than a passing
notice of an institution in our midst, which perhaps is doing more than any other agency
to mould the character and determine the status of Baltimore. The Sabbath School
has become a recognized power in the world. It is not only a school in which specific
instruction is given upon Bible truths, but an institute where are training the men and
women who are to be the guides of the Nation in its various departments of civil and social
life. The Sabbath School exerts the preponderating influence upon the community.
Gathering within its sacred folds every week the children of all classes and from all
quarters, under the instruction of earnest and devoted teachers, and there invested with
the most impressive influence, and receiving the most useful of all knowledge, they are
being prepared after the highest model for their future relationships and positions in the
world. As an educational institution the Sabbath School is of immense value to the nation.
In it are thousands of children who have no other opportunity of learning the language
and acquiring the principles of knowledge. Beginning with their A B C's-they are
carried along until they are able to read and understand the WORD OF LIFE, and through
its divine tuition are fitted for manly occupations and noble stations.
No city in the world owes more to the Sabbath School than Baltimore. In every
department, civil and professional, commercial and literary, many of the leading, controlling men, were Sabbath School boys, and they will willingly attribute to its influence much of their success. In our domestic life, in the sanctity of our homes, in the good
order of our community, its effect is visible.
No city is more thoroughly furnished with Sabbath Schools than ours. Upon our
avenues, amid the palaces of wealth, on almost every street, in the lanes and alleys, out
upon the hills and fields as pioneers of an advancing population, the Sabbath School is
planted, to do its benign work alike among the rich and poor, the high and low, teaching
all the same lessons of truth and purity
We have compiled from the most authentic sources the number of teachers and scholars
of all the schools in our city-which are as follows:
34,3 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
Methodist Episcopal-Teachers 1,018, Scholars 9,874; (colored,) T. 385, S. 3,179.  Meth.
Epis. (South)-T. 136, S. 1,241.  Meth. Epis. (German)-T. 101, S. 578.  Indep't. Meth.T. 75, S. 631.  Meth. Prot.-T. 186, S. 1,556; colored, T. 15, S. 118.  Presbyterian-T. 477,
S. 4,231; Baptist-T. 331, S. 2,503; (German)-T. 8, S. 45; (colored)-T. 49, S. 448.  Prot.
Epis.-T. 785, S. 6,485; (colored,) T. 13, S. 70.  Lutheran-T. 248, S. 2,070; (German,)
T. 107, S. 979. Reformed, T. 161, S. 1,432. United Brethren-T. 117, S. 949. Evangelical-T. 8, S. 78; (German,) T. 68, S. 765.  Friends-T. 33, S. 474.  Associate ReformedT. 60, S. 475.  Christian-T. 34, S. 361.  New Jerusalem-T. 24, S. 79; (German,) T. 20,
S. 62. Congregrational-T. 15, S. 172; (colored,) T. 9, S. 77. Young Men's Christian
Association-T. 11, S. 200.  Maryland  Penitentiary-T. 47, S. 536.   Oheb. Shalom.
(Hebrew)-T. 4, S. 196; three other Hebrew Schools to be formed.  Universalist-T. 30,
S. 150.  First Independent-T. 10, S.65.  Roman Catholic-S. 12,000.  Total, Teachers4,585; Scholars-51,964.
TIlE WESTERN MARYLAND RAIL ROAD.
In July 1857 a work was undertaken, whose relative importance to the City of Balti more has never been properly appreciated. The originators themselves, perhaps did not
at the time, fully prospect the results which must yet flow from its completion.
The Western Maryland Rail Road chartered January 1852, begun July 1857 and exten ded in 1873 to Williamsport, may clearly be demonstrated to be one of the most valuable
enterprises ever projected by our citizens. The public mind absorbed in the truly grand
and stupendous operations of the Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road, has been to a great extent
oblivious to the important bearings of this Road upon our material advancement. We
hail the interest, which under the present efficient administration is being awakened,'as
indicative of a growing appreciation of it.
In whatever aspect it may be viewed, its relative importance to the trade and the citizens
of Maryland is conspicuous. The entire country through which it passes is uninterruptedly
beautiful, and is filled with scenes and incidents of interest to the tourist and resident.
Starting out from the lovliest suburban country of Baltimore, crossing one of its most exquisite valleys, with Druid Hill Park and its grand old forests to the east and Highland
Park to the west; surrounded by beautiful hills, many of which are crowned with
graceful villas, it enters Carroll County, renowned for its mills and dairy farms; passing
through Westminster its delightful county seat, thence along the Pipe Creek valleys
abounding in rich meadows and sparkling streams, crossing the Monocacyit opens up
Frederick County, whose rich ores will greatly contribute to Baltimore's prominence
among the great manufacturing cities; thence it enters Washington County; ascending
the Blue Ridge, it presents mountain views unsurpassed, and displays on every side "little
hills that drop their fatness," teeming meadows and vales of abundance; passing through
the flourishing City of Hagerstown, it terminates at Williamsport on the Potomac River
and the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, whence it may assist in bringing the Coal of Cumberland hither, to brighten our firesides and drive the pondrous wheels of our industries.
For Summer recreation this Road offers unequaled facilities; within three hours ride of
Baltimore, the summit of South Mountain is reached,where our citizens, worn and wearied
with the anxieties and toils of the year, may luxuriate in the mountain air surrounded
by scenes of beauty and sublimity unexcelled.
For suburban residences, this Road offers unsurpassed opportunities.  From Baltimore
to Westminster, thirty miles, the country is high, healthy and charming, and those who
desire to escape the turmoil of city life, can find no more attractive and convenient locations.
344 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
Its material importance to Baltimore, appears from the varied interests which it is
developing and will indefinitely multiply. For the Produce trade which has become one of
the heaviest in the country, this Road presents unlimited opportunities, in a country unsurpassed in dairy facilities; the Counties of Carroll, Frederick and Washington being
among the richest in agricultural and dairy resources. It will also largely increase trade
in limestone, marble, copper, iron and other ores in which these counties abound, the
iron being the best quality for rail-heads, and the marble equal to the celebrated Texas
quarries. Thus in agriculture, mineral and manufacturing interests, this Road developes
inexhaustible resources and possibilities.
With proper terminal facilities in Baltimore and at tide-water, even with its present length
and Western terminus, it must contribute largely to the trade and industries of our city,
But the proposed extension to Johnstown on the Pennsylvania Central Rail Road via Bedford, adhering as closely as possible to the air-line between Baltimore and Pittsburgh,
when perfected will be of prime importance to Baltimore and the great Cities and
States of the West. This line runs through and taps the three great Coal deposits of
Pennsylvania and Maryland; the Broad Top, Alleghany and Cumberland Beds, and
opens a new direct route to the Pennsylvania Oil Regions, and would thus constitute another
great medium of supply to this market of these two articles of Commerce. In addition a
very large proportion of the Pennsylvania iron trade, and the grain and produce of its
central and border Counties would be diverted hither.
The present necessity of this Road is a depot conveniently situated and a tide-water
terminus. The President and Managers have largely overcome the inconvenience of Fulton
Station by an arrangement with the Citizens Passenger Railway to have cars starting from
Eutaw and Fayette Streets where the offices of the Company are situated, so that passengers virtually have a depot at one of the most accessible points in the city. Strenuous
efforts however are making to effect a better entrance, with a depot sufficient for all
purposes.
The President of the Road J. M. Hood, Esq., who has attained a high reputation in the
management and construction of rail road enterprises, with the encouragement of the
Directors, is rapidly improving its condition and overcoming to a commendable degree the
difficulties which attach to all new Rail Roads.
The City of Baltimore is the largest Stockholder, its entire interest at the close of'the
last fiscal year being $3,279,500. The manifest improvement in the condition and prospects
of the Road affords general satisfaction, and the President's annual report for 1874, shows a
great increase of its revenue over the year 1873 and demonstrates its ability ere long, to
appropriate a large amount of its earnings annually, to paying the interest on the bonded
debt; in the language of the report "economy with due regard to efficiency is being
practiced in every department of the Road." The present officers are: J. M. Hood, President
and Manager; Alexander Rieman, Vice President; J. S. Harden, Secretary and Treasurer;
B. H. Griswold, Auditor and General Agent; Charles Webb, Assistant Manager; William
Lannan, Master Machinery, and twelve Directors.
WM. H. RINEHART.
Since the publication of this book and our reference to the exquisite works of this
eminent Artist on pages 72 and 73, he has passed away. He died in Rome, October 28th,
1874, where for nineteen years he pursued the study of his favorite art, and attained a
reputation among the first Sculptors of the age. Having made liberal bequests to his
surviving brothers, he left the residue of his estate including his private Collection of works,
for the promotion and cultivation of Art in his State and City, appointing his personal
friends Wm. T. Walters and B. F. Newcomer, Esqrs., his sole Executors, without restrictions, to fulfil the purposes of the noble and public-spirited disposition of his estate.
345) 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
:: R,AINE'S  IiAtLL.
Among the Public Halls of Baltimore this deserves special mention. It constitutes the
third story of the German Correspondent Building. It is a spacious and beautiful Room,
admirably proportioned and complete in its acoustics. The walls are handsomely decorated, the end wall in rear of stage having a fine fresco of the Druid Hill Park Mansion,
upon the ceiling are figures representing Art, Industry and Science, the centre piece a
large oval with the figure of Apollo.  A balcony in the forward end of the room provides
for the musicians at balls and on festive occasions. The convenient location and fine
construction of the Hall make it a very desirable one for public assemblies and musical
entertainments. The whole building is an ornament to the city, and testifies to the success
of the Correspondent.
TlFIE HOIUSE OF R,,EFORIVATION  AND i_NSq. l U(iCTIO.N
FORP COLORED CJIILDRPEN.
One of the most recently instituted enterprises of philanthropy in our midst, is the House
of Reformation and Instruction for Colored Children.
The only places of commitment and detention for this class were our common Jails
and Penetentiaries, in which they could not receive that care and attention which would
result in their reformation. The scheme of a House of Reformation similar to the House
of Refuge for white children, excepting that there is no rigid system of incarceration, was
undertaken by a few philanthropic gentlemen, among whom we especially mentioh the
late Mr. Benjamin Deford, who was one of the first to inspire the movement, and
contributed by his means and counsel to its success, and whose public spirit, geniality
and practical wisdom, made him most highly esteemed by the citizens of Baltimore.
An act of incorporation having been obtained from the Legislature in 1870, with a
donation of $10,000 on condition of $30,000 being secured by private subscription, one of
our most useful and public spirited citizens, Enoch Pratt, Esq., donated the handsome farm
'Cheltenham," 752 acres, in Prince George's County, valued at $22,600. The Board were
thus enabled to secure the appropriation of $10,000; subsequently in 1872 and 1873, the
State and City together gave $40,000, and the State recently $15,000 additional for a building,
and this with other private donations of money and material amounted to about $90,000,
and the institution was put at once into successful operation in February, 1873.
There are now about 100 inmates on the Farm, who have been committed by the courts
for various offences, and thus delivered from the debasing and hardening effects of prison
life, and are under that moral and intellectual discipline which is most conducive to
their improvement and reformation.
Since the organization of the Board one of its most efficient and liberal members has
died, a gentleman whose enterprise, christian nobility and benevolence, have made his
death a public calamity; whose heart and hand were ever open to respond to the pressing
wants of a sinful and suffering humanity. We refer to the late Henry W. Drakeley, Esq.
The present officers are, President, John R. Cox; Vice President, G. S. Griffith; Secretary, Wm. M. Boone; Treasurer, William E. Woodyear; with a Board of sixteen Managers
on the part of the City, State and Subscribers.
. See, Pa_re 60) and  61,
I4, 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, (LAFAYETTE SQUARE.)*
FRANK E. DAVIS, ARCHITECT.
THE building is 120 by 105 feet, of the best pressed brick, with Berea stone trimmings.
The tower is 175 feet high. The basement contains the gymnasium, dressing rooms, and
three large class ro(oms, &c. In the principal story are the parlor, library, offices, reception
rooms and six large class rooms. In the second is the assembly room, seating 600 persons;
also, a students' library and other rooms. On the third floor is the lecture room, laboratory, apparatus, and cabinet of natural history. The roof is covered with slate in ornamental shapes. The gables, dormers and ridges are finished in great taste with richly
wrought finials and castings.
The whole building is perfectly lighted and ventilated. It constitutes another handsome
addition to our city, and reflects great credit upon the Architect.
* See page 337.
347 
-   ------— -
FRANKLIN STREET PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, (FRANKLIN AND CATHEDR, 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
THE I. O. O. F. OF BALTIMORE.
ON the 2d of September, 1817, arrived in this city, a plain, earnest, noble-hearted young
man from England. Locating at Fell's Point, he soon found himself amid the ravages of
the Yellow Fever. Though a stranger, he fearlessly applied himself to the work of
humanity.  Deeply inspired with sympathy for the suffering, at the risk of his own life,
he took his post by the sick and dying, facing perils before which many citizens fled in
terror. This was a grand and fitting introduction to his life here, which was to become
monumental by his organization and development of that society, which has so nobly
amplified throughout the world the spirit with which he begun his career amid the distress
of his adopted city.
This young man, Thomas Wildey,* together with John Welch, John Duncan, John
Cheatam and Richard Rushworth, on the 26th of April, 1819, organized the Washington
Lodge, No. 1. This was the origin of the I. O. O. F. on this continent. From this unpretentious origin, through many trials and struggles which have made it all the sturdier and
nobler, it has grown and diffused itself through all climes. Prior to 1830, four feeble
Lodges existed, but upon the erection of their Hall they began to strengthen. Its dedication on the 26th of April, 1831, was the signal of new life; and henceforward the Order
everywhere advanced, receiving most valuable accessions. The membership rapidly multiplied, and Lodges were introduced into the States and Territories, until in 1860 representatives from all of them assembled in this city in convention; and now from Baltimore as
the centre it radiates to every city, town and village of the United States, and has become
established in Canada, British Columbia, Sandwich Islands, Germany, Switzerland and
South America, and negotiations are pending with the government for its introduction
into Austria, whose polity has hitherto forbade the existence of such societies. In Great
Britain the Order is independent of this country.
Its usefulness is coextensive with its prevalence; under the administration of its national
Grand Lodge, it has performed a mission, which not only endears it to the members but
commends it to all men, and makes it illustrious in the realm of benevolent achievement.
The following statistics are a grand exhibit, and must produce a profound impression of
its magnitude and importance. From 1830 to 1873, the initiations amounted to 869,181;
members relieved, 647,603; widowed families relieved, 85,118; members deceased, 56,887.
Total receipts, $50,811,704.93; total paid to relieve the sick, bury the dead, educate the
orphan, $19,720,950.97. Number of Grand Lodges in America, 46; Grand Encampments,
36; Subordinate Lodges, 5,494; Subordinate Encampments, 1,533; Lodge members,
414,825; Encampment members, 80,131.
Lodges in Maryland, 101; State members, 13,386; city, about 10,000.
Grand Lodges in other countries, 6; Subordinate Lodges, 74; Subordinate Lodge
members, 13,529.
The total revenue of the Order for 1873 was $4,434,001.08, and the aggregate relief
bestowed, $1,490,274.72.
Its ability and benevolence were displayed in its munificent contributions to the relief
of Chicago, Peshito and Memphis and other places stricken by fire and disease. To Chicago it
gave $131,120.62; to Peshito and othertowns of theNorthwest, $25,272.25; toMemphis,about
$40,000. For an organization which thus responds to the call of distress, whose treasury
is ever open, and under whose sheltering aegis the widow and orphan find protection from
man's inhumanity, and refuge from the blows of misfortune, there are only words of praise.
The educational aspect of this Order is quite as important as its benevolent. Through
the education of its youth, the medium of its press, and literature, and the general influence
It has acquired a moral and intellectual position, from which it commands mighty social
forces all over the world. Its appliances for this result are well ordered. The State
*See paRe 70.
349
I 
0THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
Library in the Hall on Gay street contains 40,000 volumes of the best selected literature,
ancient and modern, one portion of which is in the German language. Thirty journals,
weekly and monthly, are published, and frequent lectures delivered upon literary, historical and scientific subjects.
Among the membership are many of our most useful and respected citizens. James L.'
Ridgely, Esq., has been the Grand Secretary for thirty-five years, who has devoted to its
advancement his eminent abilities and culture, and through whose counsel and administration it has largely attained its present efficiency and reputation. The Grand Treasurer
is our present worthy mayor, Hon. Joshua Vansant, who has earnestly labored in its
behalf, and by his zeal and influence has greatly promoted its welfare.
We cheerfully record this Order as one of the grand forces of Baltimore; that here is the
centre of so vast an organization, exerting such wide and benign influences. Through its
channel of communication we are sending out to the world the pulsations of our life, and
awakening in thousands sentiments of good will for our city, as the Birthplace and Home
of American Odd-Fellowship.
THIE MASONIC ORDER.
THIS Order was introduced into Maryland by the Provincial Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, which issued the charter for the establishment of the Grand Lodge at Annapolis
in 1750. Five other Lodges were subsequently chartered by the Provincial Grand Lodge of
Pennsylvania, and one in 1765 at Joppa by the Grand Lodge of England. On July 31,1783,
five Lodges convened at Talbot C. H. and informally organized the Grand Lodge. On April
17,1787, the Grand Lodge was duly organized, and the Grand Chapter in 1812. There are
now in this city 32 Lodges with 3,800 members; in the State 92 Lodges with 5,800 members.
The corner-stone of the original Hall was laid in 1814. This was occupied for a halfcentury, when the present mammoth Temple* was built, the corner-stone of which was
]aid November 20, 1866. This Temple, built of pure white marble, cost $450,000, and is
very spacious and imposing. The third story is devoted exclusively to the purposes of the
Fraternity; the second floor contains the large Hall, with a sitting capacity for 2,500 persons.
On the first floor, besides stores, is a smaller Hall, or Lecture Room, seating about 600 persons.
This Order has always held a high position in Baltimore, many of its members being
among our most highly respected and influential citizens. In the various departments of
life, professional, commercial and mechanical, it has exerted a large influence, and has
been closely identified with most of the great interests and movements of the city. Like
all other great associated institutions it has had its trials and vicissitudes, but through the
zeal and fidelity of the members it is successfully outriding them all.  To its M. W. Grand
Master, one of our most honored citizens, Hon. J. H. B. Latrobe, is due the greatest mead of
praise, since through hisjudicious counsel, and administration, it is overcoming its financial
difficulties, and has attained a position in which to fulfill its noble and benevolent mission.
BALTIMORE PROVISION EXCHANGE.
Officers: T. Robert Jenkins, President; W. L. Hill, Secretary; John Black, Treasurer;
Directors: R. D. Armstrong, J. C. Nicodemus, W. P. Harvey, H. G.Vickery, J. D. Oakford.
On pages 106 and 109 the Provision trade of Baltimore is presented, whence it will
appear that no city occupies a better position as a provision market.
The aggregate amount of sales of Bacon, Lard and Pork at this Port, for the last year was
200,000,000 pounds; the Bacon was principally distributed South, and Lard largely to
Europe; 400,000 hogs were slaughtered for City use and cured on ice, and the business
is steadily increasing.
*See Page 72.
-350 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
FINANCIAL STATEMENT OF BALTIMORE,
for the year ending October 31, 1874.
The Funded Debt......................$30,103,725 77
Guaranteed Debt....................... 1,992,000 00
Total.................. $32,095,725 77
Deducting from which, Water
Loan interest paid by reve  nue from water rent...... $5,00o,000 00
Druid Hill and Patterson Park
loans, interest paid by City
Passenger Railway Com  panies.................... 755,066 25
.T                   0
5,755,566 25
Leaving  a debt of.......... $26,340,159 52
Against this the city has available assets to the amount of... $26,155,296 15
and an annual revenue from market houses, improved
wharves, and real estate rented, of 110,077 34, which, capi  talized at six per cent., amounts t o.....................  $1,834,622 34
giving a total of.......................................
$27,989,918 49
Thus the excess of the city's assets over its present liabilities is............ $1,649,758 97
This statement does not include the city'properties, such as the City Hall, Court Houses,
Record Office, Jail, Police Stations, Fire Engine Houses and Apparatus, School Houses,
Almshouses, Steam Tugs, Public Parks, City Yard, &c., &c., which must be estimated by
millions of dollars.
We question whether any other city can make a more favorable exhibit. It cannot fail
to impress the commercial and industrial mind of the country, and if spread abroad will
induce capital to invest here in trade and property, as the most favorable city where taxes.
are necessarily light, and the expenses of living consequently moderate.  As "figures
speak louder than words," the city of Baltimore has the most powerful argument in her
favor, which needs only publication to be convincing.
, G~~~AT                     STATE FINANCES.
As the financial and commercial character of a city is largely
affected by the condition and credit of its State, we publish with
~  pride the following statement of the financial standing of Mary                          land, which adds force to the above.
The Funded Debt of Maryland to Oct. 1, 1873, is $10,741,215.60,
/ S Mthe interest on which ranges from three to six per cent.  Against
\    $ y z  this the State holds Bonds and Stocks paying interest, aggre            ~A~yLA~      gating $4,522,043.46, to which are added the amounts reduced
by redemption, and exchange and due from incorporated institutions, taxes, collections,
fees, &c., &c., viz: $2,608,053.72, thus diminishing the debt to $3,611,118.42.
The unproductive assets of the State in Stocks and Bonds amount to $21,608,694.51.
The rate of taxation is 17 cents on a hundred dollars of propel ty, only two other States
being taxed as low.
The six per cent. non-taxable stock is selling to-day readily at 108.
The revenue for the present year has been largely in excess of previous years, and the
next financial exhibit will show an improved condition, which will place her most favorably in comparison with any of her sister States.
351 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY.
THE GERMAN ORPHAN ASYLUM, (AISQUITH AND ORLEANS STREETS.)
INDEX TO APPENDIX.
Homewood  Park,
Junction Lake Erie,
I. O. O. F.,
Lying-In Hospital,.
Maryland Inebriate Asylum
Military,.
Masonic Order,
Peabody Institute,.
Provisions,
Public Schools,
Raine's Hall,
Railroad Hotels,
Rinehart, Wm. H.,
Salvage Corps,
Sheep,
Sunday Schools,
State Normal School,
Union- Elevator,   -
Western Maryland Railroagd.
Y. M  C. A. Building,
}'AGEAnnouncement,..     315
Academy of Science,..     334
Academy of Music,... 333
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad,.     318
Baltimore Car Wheel Company,. 326
Baltimore Produce Exchange,.       328
Baltimore City College,           335, 336
City Hall,...        316
Central Office B & O. R. R.       319, 323
Canton,....    324
Cattle and Hogs,..        326
Directors B. & O. R. R...    322
Docks'. ".     323
Elevators,.     320, 322, 324. 325
Financial Statement...       351
Front St. Theatre,..    337
Franklin St. Presbyterian Church,. 348
Grain,....   322, 322
Harbor,....    328
House of Correction,...       343
House of Reformation,..    346
352
ADAGE.
. 341
320
. 349
340
~ 340
341
. 350
329
~ 350
335
346
' 322
345
342
~ 326
343
347
324
344
339
i
i
i
i
i
I
i
I
I
I
I
i
I. 
THE
MONU-M ENTAL CITY,
ITS
cast ~istora n a   r~s.ent'~sonte5
WITH A DESCRIPTIVE ACCOUNT OF
THE CITIES OF
WASHINGTON AND ANNAPOLIS
AND THE
U. S. NAVAL SCHOOL,
BY
EOG  ~. tOWARD.
BALTIMORE:
J. D. EHLEIZS & Co., ENGRAVERS & STEAM BOOK PRINTERS,
87 Second Street,
1876.
PEO FGE 
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year I876, by
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.....
-    GEORGE W. HOWARD,
In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. 
DESCRIPTIVE ACCOUNT OF
WASHINGTON CITY.
THE view we have taken in this volume of Baltimore's national centralism on the
Atlantic seaboard is quite demonstrated by the close connection between that city and
the Capital of our country.
Baltimore is but forty miles from Washington by rail. The Baltimore and Ohio R. R.
Company has a double-track road and the *Baltimore and Potomac R.R. a single-track road
between the cities. At present, no less than 66 trains run daily, back and forth, between
them-41 over Washington Branch, B. and O. R. R., and 25 over Baltimore and Potomac
Road. Practically, we may say without exaggeration, that these metropolitan cities are
suburbs of each other. A striking illustration of this was given on July 25th, 1873, when
the great fire happened in Baltimore, threatening to be almost as destructive as the conflagration of Chicago, in the fall of 1871. It was thought, at one time, that the fire
department of our city, numerous as was its apparatus, and thoroughly organized as it is,
would not be able to stop the devastation. It was resolved to ask aid from Washington.
The telegraph was quickly used, and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company notified
of the demand. Its officers instantly ordered a train to be put at our city's service in
Washington, and in sixty minutes from the time that the first message was sent from our
city to the authorities in Washington, the fire apparatus of that city had been ordered out,
loaded on cars, expressed over the Washington Branch, and was playing on the flames in
Baltimore. In fact, the train passed from Washington to our city in the unexampled time
of forty-three minutes. This seems to demonstrate the near annihilation of space between
the cities, and proves that they are practically one in everything but government. By
means of the telegraph, they have been really identical, since electro-magnetic telegraphy
was first tested in America on their wires. All the business relations of the two capitals
have long shown this fact, and made Baltimore the favorite residence of numbers whose
official duty or business require their daily presence in either of the cities.
*Double track now being laid. 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
It is natural to suppose that there is hardly an American, and surely not a foreigner,
coming to the Atlantic seaboard who is not anxious to see the National Capital, even
when not in its winter ferment. Of late it has become attractive not only on account of
its political relations to all parts of our country and its well known historical collections,
but from the remarkable changes in its civic improvements and adornments; its superb,
new buildings; its vast libraries and museums; its national edifices of charity and munificence; its rapidly increasing crowds of wealthy citizens and the spendid residences they
have built for permanent homes; its closeness to Mount Vernon; and its gathering of
intellectual people for a large part of every year. Indeed, it is quite surprising to notice
the numbers of opulent men and women of leisure, who have adopted Washington as a
residence, independently of business, politics, or statesmanship.  In its mild climate, varied
society, and numerous institutions of art, science and government, they find delightful,
varied resources, while, by the proximity of Baltimore, they obtain in our city, whatever
may be lacking in Washington All these attractions are independent of the fact that
Washington is the annual residence, for many months, of the National Legislature, and
at all seasons is the official post of the President, the Cabinet, and the administrative
officers of the Government.
Thus Baltimore, without its political turmoil, may be considered a part of the National
Capital, and as few will come to our city without going to the other, we believe it would
not be unacceptable to our readers to possess, in short compass, a condensed view of
Washington and the Federal District.
It is unnecessary, in such a sketch, to "begin at the beginning" and recount the old
story how it came to pass that the political Capital of the States was placed on the Potomac;
how the site was quarrelled over in committees and in Congress, in the Confederacy and
under the Constitution; how New York, Philadelphia, Princeton, Baltimore, Wright's
Ferry on the Susquehanna, and other places, were pressed for the prize; how men talked
of centres of territory, and centres of population, and of centres of wealth, in turn as
the proper umpires of selection; and yet came to the conclusion that all such centres were
constantly changing in all countries, and that there was no true national centre but
patriotism. And so, at last, it was, in all likelihood, the known opinion, and probably
the known wish of Washington, that turned the scales in fixing the "Federal Capital" on
the banks of his favorite river. But even after the removal of the seat of government to
Washington, the city may be fairly said to have had a rickety existence-a sort of semiuncertainty as to whether it would live or die-whether it would travel bodily northwardly
or probably westwardly-until long after the war of 1812 with Great Britain. In that
war, Washington got a bad reputation as a city of refuge. The enemy captured it easily,
drove out the functionaries, and destroyed the public buildings. Indeed, it was not until
the "Capitol extension" was determined on, dome built, and the great building finished
during the civil war, that men felt certain that Washington was no longer adrift on the
sea of sectional politics. The war did much in realizing this solid and wise conclusion,
for Washington became the centre of all action not only as the seat of executive power,
but from central convenience; and thus the crowds who saw the Capitol either from business or curiosity for the first time in their lives, cheered on the workmen to complete the
dome as the perpetual home of confirmed national unity.
Though much attention had been paid before this to public buildings; and even to some
municipal improvements in Washington; and though the Patent Office and Post Office
were built, as well as partly the Treasury and the President's House, yet the great civic
start dates from the modern Capitol and the war. Before that time the "Federal City"
was always a straggling, ugly village; "a city of magnificent distances," as it was called;
distances to be traversed in clouds of dust in summer, and waded through in mud in
winter; a city cut in two by that sluggish worm of a rivulet which, as Moore sang, "was
354 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
Goose Creek once but Tyber now;" a town of some 15,000 inhabitants in 1830, a sort of
national boarding house, or badly kept hotel, for politicians and contractors, with a quiet,
reserved, aristocratic, old fashioned Maryland and Virginia society, in the background,
which kept aloof from the political turmoil, whose refined life and courteous hospitality
and whose dinners and suppers of canvasbacks and oysters, with "old Madeira imported
by Gen'l. Smith, of Alexandria, in 1800," were the most desirable things to the stranger in
Washington.
It was one of the desires, if not one of the designs of those who resolved on this city's
site, that it should not become a Commercial Metropolis, but remain confined to its official
character-legislative, executive and judicial. Washington probably thought, as others
certainly did, that Alexandria's commerce and activity would not corrupt the political
virtue of our legislators. But it was to be kept as pastoral and patriarchal as possible.
Anno Domini 1800, however, was anterior to Anno Domini 1875, by three quarters of a
century, and very long before rail and electricity had unified not only neighboring cities,
but the world. Thus, before the war, it was the habit to undervalue Washington. As it
had few attractions or comforts, folks got away from it as soon as possible if not compelled
by law to abide there. But the war convinced men that Washington was a sort of neutral
ground on which all sections could come without the rivalries of trade, and in free society
become better acquainted with each other, and learn that they did not differ much in the
essentials of character or opinion, and thus lay the basis of nationality. So, thousands,
(may we not say hundreds of thousands?) became national by coming for the first time in
their lives to Washington city, and realizing that there was such a thing as a national
focus of people as well as of government. In this manner the Federal City obtained a
hold on hearts in all quarters of our country. The State system of local government, and
the National system of State defences and supply of arms, had localized the ideas of men,
by familiarizing them only with local capitals and local defences in arsenals, forts and
navy yards. All felt, it is true, a pride in these things as possessed by their own States,
partly from the power they manifested and partly from the profit they brought to the
neighborhood. But, it was only when they came to Washington and comprehended the
vast machinery by which the power of a Nation of States is concentrated and wielded, and
saw the easy operation of that mighty engine, like a central heart throwing fresh blood to
every quarter of the land, and sending its mandates in a minute throughout the world,
that they got confirmed in their Nationality. They?tnderstood that Nationality was a
necessity.
There are few fairer prospects in a lowland country than the one beheld either from
the western collonade on which the Capitol-library opens, or from the upper galleries of
the Capitol-dome, at a height of about three hundred feet above the Potomac. It is a view
of great beauty as far as nature is concerned, and of increasing grandeur every year in its
civic and architectural aspect. Bursting forth suddenly from the thick verdue of trees that
clothes the steep western terraces of the Capitol-hill, the whole western part of Washington
city starts out in strong relief; its broad avenues radiating star-like from the base. Directly
in front, wide and thronged for about a mile, stretches the well known "Pennsylvania
avenue," striking off near the Presidental grounds and Treasury towards Georgetown
and its "Heights." On the right is New Jersey avenue, and on the left are Maryland and
Delaware avenues; while from the top of the Capitol's dome the prolongation of these
avenues may be descried, intersected by other avenues and streets, northwardly and
southwardly, bearing the names of other States, until the city's limits are reached, on the
one hand, at the shore of the Potomac, and, on the other, at the wood-crowned hills of
355 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
Maryland. This civic design or plan of radiating or concentrating streets bearing the
names of the various States, is a practical sentiment of National unity in a common Capital.
The observer on Capitol Hill stands on a wide plateau overlooking a great, green basin
formed by the slopes of that undulating tract which lies on the left bank of the Potomac,
between Rock Creek and the Anacostia. From the lower Falls of the Potomac, where
the broken spurs of the Blue Ridge make nature somewhat rugged, a low chain of elevations ranges along the north, and continuing on the opposite shore of the river and of
the Anacostia, merges in the circling sweep of the Virginian hills. These form a superb
amphi-theatre, belted with the silver river, in which the city stands. Seen from the great
elevation of the dome on a bright, clear day of June, and across the groves of the Capitol,
and the flowers and verdure of the Botanic Gardens and the Mall, it is a picturesque
marvel. It is as grand and beautiful, and somewhat resembles, the view of the Connecticut
winding in silvery coils through its charming meadows and hills, as beheld in summer
from the top of Mount Holyoak. In the upper stillness and distance of the dome, sight
and sound are mellowed and harmonized, so that the rougher features and discords of a
big city are lost to eye and ear, and the prospect is rather a picture than nature. Away
off to the west, flow southwardly the bright waters of the Potomac, spanned by its famous
"Bridge," across which, on the Virginian side, are seen the steep, bare hills of "Arlington,"
formerly the home of Custis, now the National Cemetery of 15,000 citizens who fell in the
civil war. These heights, crowned with original forest as far as the eye could reach up
and down the river, were stripped of trees during the conflict, and are now only beginning
to resume their former aspect. Directly at the observer's feet, at the base of the western
terrace, betwixt Pennsylvania and Maryland avenues, are the superb National Conservatories and Botanical Gardens, rich in choicest native and exotic plants and trees. Beyond
these, in the same plats, is the Mall, in whose midst, among gardens and groves, rise the
quaint towers and crenelated walls of the Smithsonian Institution, an edifice built in the
nineteenth century to revive, if possible, the mixed architecture of the twelfth, and to
make a picturesque exterior of stone, mask an inconvenient interior. It is odd indeed,
that a building designed for scientific purposes, should have been built on the plan of
edifices that were erected in tasteless times, and if we may judge from their irregularity,
were but patchworks of various dates, pinned together as the wants or vagaries of their
builders required. This building has always reminded us of an old fashioned table-castor
with unequal cruets. Beyond its unequal towers and roofs, loom up the rectangular lines
of the "Department of Agriculture;" while further off at the end of the Mall, near the
Potomac, stands that unfinished, appealing Obelisk, a nation's broken promise to Washington's memory.
Still further onward, northwestwardly of the Obelisk, are the twin domes of the
"National Observatory." Southwardly, at Greenleaf's Point, where the waters of the East
and West Branches unite, is the "Washington Arsenal;" while southeastwardly, on the
Anacostia, or the East Branch, may be seen the "Washington Navy Yard" with its
warlike shipping North, among the more distant hills, stands the single tower of the
"Soldier's Home;" and, closer to us still, the "Howard University."  Directly in front, at
the opposite end of Pennsylvania avenue, is the "White House," the goal of so many
Presidental aspirations and sorrows. This plain mansion, like most of those we have
already noticed, is embowered in grounds laid out with charming taste, while around it,
according to the advice of President John Adams, are grouped the new "Treasury" and
the old "War and Navy Departments."  The more recent "Post Office" and "Patent
Office Departments" are half a mile nearer to us on the right. President Adams was of
the opinion that Secretaries, as his Cabinet counsellors, were necessarily in closer communication with the Executive throughout the year than with Congress in its winter
sessions; and, doubtless, he believed they would be freer at a mile's distance from the
356 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
interruptions of members whose legislative functions ought to keep them busy at the
Capitol. In the primitive days of 1800, a mile was not as easily or quickly travelled in
Washington's snow, sleet and mud, as it is now on the city's asphalt. All these public
edifices, amid their groves, gardens and embellished grounds, are surrounded by elegant
private dwellings lately built, by superb churches, tall spires, society halls, and the
comely houses of charitable or humane corporations.
But turning around entirely from these western views of Washington, and looking eastwardly from the dome-top over the less densely occupied parts of the town, we see the
streets and avenues, which a few years ago were but paths and lanes amid a straggling
suburb beyond the "Old Capitol Building," now crowding with houses *hich stretch off
from the planted grounds of the Eastern Capitol plateau embellished with statuary, and
across the Congressional Cemetery with its embowered monuments, towards the gently
waving levels of Maryland, dotted with villas, farms, cottages and forest. Then, letting
the eye drop southlwardly towards the Potomac-that river so anxious a boundary to
millions during four years of war-its silvery water is seen winding away in graceful lines,
until Alexandria is descried; and, in clear weather, the sites of Forts Foote and Washington,
and even of histo(ric Mount Vernon, are seen like blue dots on the horizon. This is an
impressive panorama, an impressive massing of the Union's physical and intellectual forces.
All the Nation's apparatus of war and peace is within our view. It is the focus of the
country's strength and wisdom; of its strength, because of its guarded seaboard centralism;
of its wisdom, because here the most enlightened citizens, as well as the Representatives of
popular power and leglislation, have not only the charms of nature, but all the appliances
of culture to delight and instruct them.
But the reader may be anxious to quit this high perch on the Capitol, and to descend,
too, from the lofty strain our admiration has drawn from us. It would be hardly proper
to describe the city minutely in a book like this. That is the duty of "Guides" with which
travellers arm themselves when they attack a new place. Yet it will be well to note a
few, at least, of the Capital's principal attractions rather in the form of a catalogue, with a
running commentary, than a complete narrative.
With the bird's-eye plat of town and country we have given, it is likely there will be
no difficulty in finding places. Beyond the departments, gardens, public institutions,
and neighboring drives and some fine houses, there is yet not much to absorb our time.
These, to be seen and enjoyed as they ought to be, will require "a season." Private collections in art, literature, virtu and science, which are increasing in number and value as
wealth and taste establish themselves permanently, are to be reached through personal
introductions and hospitality.
The traveller who comes to Washington after ten or even five years absence, is instantly struck by lhe radical change and improvement of the streets, their drainage
grading and paving, particularly in the western part of the city, where the Board of
Public Works dealt remorselessly with old thoroughfares, widening, reducing th m to
a pleasant level, and compelling some degree of elegant uniformity. This has played
havoc with many a house-front and entrance, perching some on banks, and hillocks,
and reducing others below their ancient level. It has given all, however, an opportunity, and especially those that have, money, to terrace and adorn their fronts, and to
gird themselves with marble anid brick, or flowers and vases, as threshold welcomes
to their visitors. Nevertheless one may say confidently, that, after a few years, all
must confess the work has wrought a magical and proper change in the symmetrical ele
357 
8THE MONUMENTAL OITY,
gance of Washington, as well as in comfortable access to all parts of it. Yet civic taxation
will always blur a city's beauty to eyes that see it through "Collectors" bills! But happily
the "deed is done," and all those parts of Washington, west and north of the President's
House and the Departments, are now easily traversed, afoot and in vehicles, by night as
well as by day. The Nation, during the war, became ashamed of a Capital which could
scarcely be used by pedestrians (unaccompanied by a boot-black) in bad weather. The
mode in which the improvements were done is unimportant to the visitor who does not
come hither as a detective; nor shall we digest the three thousand six hundred pages of
the "Senatorial Investigation" which Congress has printed as a warning or a guide-book
for future Boards.
As originally laid out, the "Federal District" was a square of ten miles, comprising one
hundred miles in its quadrilateral. Maryland and Virginia were both eager to cede land
and bestow money for public buildings; Maryland gave $72,000, and Virginia $120,000,
and when the Government came to want, as a builder, gave or at least guaranteed, more.
So, the "District" continued to be the "Ten Miles Square" of early times, until 1846, when
all that portion of it on the western shore of the Potomac, about 36 square miles, which
had belonged originally to Virginia, was retroceded to that State, reducing the area of the
remainder to 64 square miles, obtained originally from our State, and which the Nation
still holds. The modern District, so diminshed, is divided into the City of Georgetown,
the City of Washington and the County of Washington. In 1871, Congress made this
into a Territory with a kind of Territorial Government, vesting the executive power in a
Governor to hold office for four years, who was nominated by the President of United
States, and confirmed by the Senate, with a Legislative Assembly or Council, appointed
by the President and confirmed by the Senate, consisting of eleven members, and a House
of twenty-two members, elected by the people. These, with a Board of Public Works, a
Board of Health, and a delegate in Congress, made the Executive and Legislative apparatus of the dwarfed District or Territory of Columbia, yet raised and entitled it to something
like National wardship. But, as early as a year after this bantling's birth, doubts arose
as to the wisdom of the new device. Complaints and investigations were made, and after
a bitter conflict, the territorial form of government was abolished in 1874,-the Board of
Health alone being retained, with a provisional government of three Commissioners,
until Congress shall enact a permanent system. The financial condition of this inchoate
Government is not flourishing or flattering. Its Board of Public Works, mostly wealthy
men, went to their duties with a bold hand, and the cost of completing them was heavy.
With a population of about 132,000 of whom some 90,000 are whites and 40,000 colored,
the District is estimated to possess a real estate of $200,000,000, and a revenue from taxation
and other resources of about $2,100,000. Its bonded debt is $9,902,251, or within one
hundred thousand dollars of the ten millions to which Congress has limited its power to
contract debt. The rate of taxation is two dollars on the hundred dollars in Washington
and in Georgetown, and one dollar and fifty-eight cents in Washington county. It is reported that the population of the District, as now founded, increased over seventy thousand
in the fifteen years, between 1860 and 1875. With their increasing numbers, the prosperity
of this region, (of which Washington City is the Capital and Georgetown the port and the
main support of the District, together with the favorable climate in which the percentage
of deaths is 1-53,) seems extremely probable.
All the crops of the temperate zone grow finely, while the products of large portions of
Western Maryland and Virginia-coal, iron, wheat, corn and provisions-are poured into
Washington and Georgetown, which are now practically one, by the Chesapeake and Ohio
Canal, that ends at the latter city. Fruits and vegetables of the greatest variety and best
flavor and species, together with the "mountain mutton of Virginia;" the choicest beef
from the upland meadows of the Potomac, the Glades and Ohio; the excellent fish and
358 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
oysters of the Chesapeake, the deer of Alleghany and the "canvasbacks" of Maryland,
supply the markets abundantly.. The great Potomac Aqueduct now pours sweet water
into all parts of the city. Hotels, which in former years were not renowned for good
accommodations of bed and board, have been improved, while new ones, of late years,
were added, which are unsurpassed in comfort and luxury, by the best of our northern
cities. In fact Washington and the District are no more what they were in the days of
our fathers, nor what they were supposed likely to continue forever. Those were the days
of the "Stage Coach," with its "six or nine inside," for which we were "booked" the day
before our journey, at the "Stage office in Baltimore, kept by Stockton & Stokes," and
had to be punctual to the hour to secure good places in the interior. Five or six hours
were spent upon the dusty or muddy "pike" betwixt the cities, until at last we entered
them in the dusk of the evening, the driver blowing his horn, and the bar-keeper rushing
to the coach-door with his movable step-ladder to aid the descending guests, and welcome
them to "Gadsby's," in Washington, or to the "Indian Queen," or the "Fountain Inn,"
in Baltimore. The steam engine, capable of driving from thirty to sixty miles an hour,
and the electric telegraph, were not even imagined; so that with these vastly altered laws
of intercourse, supply, and distribution, changing almost all the bases of business and
society, we should not be surprised, as years go by, to find Washington become a city of
commercial importance.
Alexandria was such a city in the times of the "Old Dominion's" mercantile and
agricultural pride, when the tobacco planters and farmers in semi-feudal days, maintained
hospitable homes on their lordly estates, and imported, through Alexandria, many a thousandc cask of "Madeira," a few hereditary, cob-webbed bottles of which still linger in the
cellars of Baltimore bon vivants. It was, indeed, to Baltimore and Washington-and it
is proper it should be remembered in the story of those cities-that we owe the first experimental trial and success of the electromagnetic telegraph of Morse; for it was
between them that the test-wires were laid in 1843, and the writer recolleets with pleasure
that his name was one of the first "ticked" by the instrument from Baltimore to Washington, and instantly returned from Washington to Baltimore.
The stranger who has but a short time to survey the National Capital, should begin
his round of visits by the Capitol and its surroundings. He will find minute descriptions
of this great edifice for sale in the building, as well as in the book stores. The Capitol is,
indeed, almost a museum itself. Without entering into details which would be cumbersome, we would particularly direct the visitor's attention to the central rotunda and
dome, for their wonderful architectural impressiveness. The embelishments of the
rotunda in painting and sculpture are chiefly historical, and therefore of national
interest, though some of them do not rank in the highest grades of art, especially
the paintings of Trumbull. These, however, have inestimable value as portrait-pictures, while the paintings by most of the other artists are rather allegorical or imaginative than historical. Vanderlyn's "Landing of Columbus" is perhaps the best of that
school owned by the Nation, while Powell's "Discovery of the Mississippi" is as fanciful in figures as those figures are fantastical in costume. Vastly different in appearance
and clothing from this glaring group of Spaniards on parade, was the torn and wayworn band that reached the great river after its long and dangerous wanderings through
the tangled forests and swamps of Florida. The sculpture by Caucici and Greenough, 
on the east-front of the Capitol, and on the sides of the great entrance,-particularly
"Columbus Discovering America," as it has been facetiously called,-is not in our opinion
worthy of so distinguished a place in a National Capitol. The first works of art that
greet the visitor in such a place should be supreme in excellence.
Greenough's "Washington," and his colossal group of the "Pioneer protecting his Family
from Indian attacks," though wrought with skill, are simply bits of good workmanship in
359 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
statuary rather than works of high ideal art, illustrative of our forest-founders, and of
the Father of his Country. The "Old Hall of Representatives," since the new one was
occupied by Congress, has been devoted to the reception of sculpture and paintings, and
we hope it will become, in time, an American Pantheon, where memorials of all who are
worthiest in the land, in all classes of human endeavor, will be properly selected and
kept, instead of continuing, as it was for a while, a show room of adventurers for Congressional patronage. In that way it will become worthy of the country, and a niche
under its roof an object of ambition; but to insure so good a result it ought to be put in
charge of an independent committee, whose taste and firmness could not be demoralized by
the promise of a picture or a bust. The wretched "jobs" that have so often been won from
Congress by these adventurers, should be replaced by works of unquestionable merit in
design and execution, by artists who do not beg patronage or work "on commission."
1 HE CORCORAN ART GALLERY.
The foundation of Mr. COPCORAN'S superb gallery, given by him to the United Statesand, with the Smithsonian Institution, the noblest intellectual gift to our country-will
produce a good influence on those who hold the purse-strings of national patronage.
They must go to these collections, if only for pastime, and the eye, habituated even casually to art, must soon become interested as it observes, and so taught to be tasteful, even
without study. The Nation can hardly be too grateful to Mr. Corcoran for his costly
present. It was a wise, benificent display of the true uses of wealth. The collection
of statuary, paintings, bronzes, casts and objects of virtu, and the splendid building
that contains it, have probably cost the generous and tasteful bestower over a million of
I
360 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
dollars. The stranger will surely visit this museum at the corner of Pennsylvania avenue
and Seventeenth street, and we doubt not he will agree with us as to the intellectual effect
it must have on the country, and especially on the legislators whose duties compel them
to live so long in Washington, many of whom enjoy, in those halls, the first glimpse they
ever had of true art. Elsewhere, throughout Washington, the stranger will find embellishments in the nature of works of art of various merit.  The "bronze doors" in the
Capitol, following and emulating the style of the great Pisan doors of Italy, are, we think,
the best works of the kind we have seen dating since mediaeval art. They are of exquisite
design and execution, and though their embellishments may be catalogued, and will be
found at length in the descriptive catalogues of Washington, it is difficult to describe them
with any likelihood of conveying a correct idea of their character. They must be seen, as
they doubtless will by all visitors, and then studied. The main bronze door of the Capitol,
the portal of the east front to the rotunda, was designed and modeled by Randolph Rogers,
the American sculptor, in Rome in 1858; the other bronze doors designed by the American, Crawford, and, after his death, modeled from his drawings, in Rome also, by the
Maryland sculptor, Rinehart, lately deceased, are also suitable companions to the superb
works of Rogers. These vast metallic valves, laced all over with historical and allegorical
relievos, delicate yet bold in execution, framed in tracery and foliage worthy of Raphael,
are sombre in their color, and not so well calculated perhaps to please as groups and figures
of white marble, but they are not the less worthy of admiration and pride. Statues, single
figures, and equestrian, of noted men, distinguished for civil and military deeds, will be
found distributed over the city. Admiral Farragut's is to be set up in Farragut Square.
In a square still unnamed, north of the President's House, stands the colossal equestrian
statue of Winfield Scott, the work of Brown, ordered by Congress. In the square opposite the "White House," Jackson in bronze, rears a bronze horse perpetually on his hindlegs, and shows how Mills solved the sculptor's problem of sustaining so massive a statue
without attaching the animal's tail to the pedestal by the bronze ligature of a serpent, as
Peter the Great's horse is sustained in St. Petersburg. In other places there are statues
of Washington, Lincoln, Hamilton, Gen'l Rawlings, Franklin, Hancock, Benton, General
Greene, Roger Williams, Trumbull, Roger Sherman, G. Clinton, Livingston, R. Stockton,
Kosciusko, Gen'l Kearney and Jefferson, the last in bronze, and certainly one of the best
executed of our American portrait-statues.
These slight notices of National Art in Washington are made, because in all countries
we find memorial art the first out-cropping of taste that distinguishes nations as they grow
and naturally desire to surround themselves with objects, which are not only "things of
beauty," but incentives to honor and tokens of popular gratitude. Painting and sculpture
in bronze and marble, therefore, demand our earliest and most careful scrutiny, for they
are the lasting records not only of our time but also of our national taste and intelligence.
There is much fresco adornment all over the Capitol, mostly ornamental arabesques
and floral fancies. These were chiefly done by foreigners, and are mechanical rather than
artistic. Over the first landing of one of the staircases of the "House" extension of the
Capitol is a fresco, called a silica chromo, by Leutze, for which the Government gave
him $20,000. It is best seen from a balustrade opposite, at the head of the stairs. It represents an emigrant train apparently descending the last slopes of the Sierra Nevada, and
firat beholding the Pacific at the Golden Gate.  "Westward the course of Empire takes it
way" is the motto affixed to his work by the great artist, who, in his picture, has given a
grand composition of American energy, hardihood and enterprise, while the colors, we
fear, are beginning to suffer change from the materials with which they were imparted,
on the wall and plaster on which they were painted.
Do not quit the Capitol without going to the Library Halls, occupying the principal
floor on the western projection of the building. Here are stored 260,000 volumes, and
2
361 
THE MIONUMENTAL CITY,
50,000 pamphlets, 30,000 volumes alone, belonging to the Law Library.   Piled on the
collections originally bought by the Government from Mr. Jefferson and others, are the
Smithsonian Library, deposited after the fire in that Institution in 1866, and the really
great collection of the late PETER FORCE, who devoted his life to historical studies and to
the gathering of his library. The Government, after some years of improper delay, paid
him $100,000 for 23,000 volumes, exclusive of the immense collection of pamph7lets which
passed with the books. The early printed books in and on America; the early American
newspapers from 1735 to 1800; the 300 early atlases and maps, many still unpublished,
covering our whole territory; some fifty volumes, in folio, of historical autographs,
embracing a collection of military and political letters of the Revolutionary times from
17 65 to 1787; an "Eliot's Indian Bible" and 41 different works by Increase and Cotton
iather; are cited as specimens of the rarities and the excellence of this addition to the
National Library. Dying very soon after the sale and transfer, Mr. Force did not long
enjoy the money for which he had exchanged the greater treasure, his books. But it was
a satisfaction to him to know at least, that they were not scattered by auction, but secured
by the iYation and made forever accessible to students.
This spirit of intellectual refinement naturally leads us in our quest through the Capitol
to the Government "Botanic Gardens and Conservatories," where the authorities have
gathered all the beautiful flowers, plants and trees of the world. It is a self-paid compliment to the Nation that had the taste to collect this grand assemblage of the perennial
charms of nature, its flowers and herbage, from all climates of the globe, and to bring
them within the observation of every citizen.  Into these luxurious grounds we enter,
when we descend the western terrace of the Capitol; and through groves of flowers and
verdure we may drive thence to the President's grounds, and even far beyond them. A
lover of botany, and even a mere lover of pretty flowers, or even of a "belle's bouquet,"
will have his senses of sight and scent gratified for hours daily. A true botanist might
spend weeks in study. From this establishment every citizen can be supplied with choicest
seeds, and reproduce, in his distant home, the handsome flowers, or the more useful grains
he has found in Washington.  Beyond, but in the same westward  line, we come to the
"Smithsonian Institution," the legacy of a learned Englishman to our country.  The
quaint building we have already described is occupied by its scientific corps, museum of
natural history and ethnological collections, and here every man of culture should pause,
not only to visit the halls, but, if possible, to be presented to the acknowledged head of
American Science, JOSEPH HENRY, who has been the virtual creator of the Smithsonian;
the wise director of its energies, in collecting, investigating and publishing for the purpose
of "diffusing knowledge among men," according to the will of the British founder.
The Department of Agriculture, with its collections, comes next, and will attract farmers and planters especially. A glance at the unfinished and, we think, ugly monument to
Washington, may suffice as we go onward, resolving perhaps to give our mite towards its
completion, though we disapprove the design.
In the "National Observatory," next reached, and in the "Signal Office," we shall find
the superb apparatus collected by the Government, and get a glimpse of the busy scientific
men, whose observations and calculations guide our ships over the sea, and give us daily
bulletins, with our breakfasts, of the weather all over our coasts and country. The
"President's HIouse" is more remarkable for its beautiful groves, gardens, drives, walks
and conservatories, than for its architecture, or the elegance or comfort with which it
lodges the Chief of such a country as ours. For many years it has evidently not been
suitable, in size or style, as the social focus of foreign  and American  statesman, and
citizens who throng the Capital for half the year and congregate at the "White House."
It was designed, we believe, to display "American simplicity," and to suit as well as' prove
the unostentatiousness of democracy. But, democracy requires accommodation, and is
362 
ITS PAST IHIISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
not indifferent to comfort or entertainment. The President has become a sort of national
host. Unlike the heads of the Old World's governments, the Executive of the United
States must not only be accessible if he wants to be popular, but he must be accessible if
he wants to be useful. President Lincoln opened his office-doors daily during specified
hours; and letting in the waiting crowd, received each person in turn, sitting at his writing
table; and inviting the visitor to be seated, listened to his wants, complaints, projects and
suggestions, his nonsense or his wisdom. These he called his "public opinion baths."
Presidents, husbanding their valuable time, must organize their system of popular communication independently of le,ees or receptions, so as not to clash with executive business,
which is increasing so rapidly, and exacts so much personal supervision from any conscientious man who does not allow himself on public affairs to be compromised by Ministerial
Government alone.  The personal government of the President is extensive, and it is the
source of his personal respoiisibility as distinguished from the British Government, which
throws responsibility on Ministers and saves the King or Queen, but converts that functionary into a figure-head instead of a power. Besides this, the relations of our country with
all nations require the presence of a large Diplomatic society in Washington, and many
Governments are beginning to build homes for their representatives in that city, and to
fit them up in a manner commensurate with the dignity of the countries represented.
This adds much to the style of Washington life, and doubtless to its luxury and expense.
The President's House, without being a palace in extent or surroundings, should be
suitable at least in elegant and ample accommodations, and we regret to say we have not
seen much improvement, save in the addition of conservatories, which are but ornamental,
in the thirty years we have known it. Most of our late Presidents seem anxious to get
away from it as soon and as often as they properly can, except at the end of their four
years term.
Of the new buildings commenced by the Government, the Treasury, we believe, is the
only one nearly completed.  The new War, Navy and State Departments will be edifices
of which the country whil be justly proud when they are finished. The plans are certainly
excellent. The Post Office and the Patent Offlice were built many years ago. Both are
handsome and convenient, but of different styles. In the Treasury, official life deals for
six hours every day with the machinery of revenue and expenditures, and so carries on
Government which could not exist without money. To men of our day it has an especial
interest.  It is a manufactory of money.   It makes the money or "currency" of the
country, by coining its credit in papori.  It not only makes the money by issuing it, but
makes the plates to print it; it makes the ink that prints it; it makes the engravings that
embellish and identify it; ftc-simiiles the names that legalize it; it prints the notes; and
makes or made the very paper on which the notes are printed. As much of this mintage
of currency as is allowed to be visible should be seen by strangers. It is very pleasant to
remember that this delicate fabrication, counting, classifying and packing, have been the
means of giving employment to thousands of American women who "get their rights" in
this gentler task, but would not be equal to the labor of impressing the Nation's credit on
nmetal, if we dealt in solid coin instead of "Greenbacks."
In the marble halls of the Post Officee Department, the vast machinery of our foreign
and domestic correspondence by letter, postal cards, newspapers, hand-bills, pamphlets,
books and packages should be observed with a competent and wcilliMq guide.  One may
rather wonder that a Post Laster General does not go mad after a few weeks dealing with
the myriad mails that are the life-blood of the world. AVhen the superb system and
remorseless discipline of this Department are understood, surprise gives place to admiration.  Obedience and order are more implicit then in the army.  It is difficult to lose a
letter, and equally difficult not to get one after it reaches its destined office. A bank note
cill slip out occasionally; but the slipper is generally soon detected.  In this Department
the Dead Letter Bur-eau and is collections should be asked for.
363 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
It is in the "Patent Office" that American ingenuity and mechanical science are
strikingly displayed. Its model museum is a wilderness of conceptions that have come
to no good, and of inventions that have been of more or less utility. Some (the sewingmachines for instance) have been of immense value, especially to woman. Since the ruinous fire of 1836, one hundred andfifty-six thousand models of inventions have accumulated
in the Museum! What monuments these are, in forty years, of seething brains, disappointed hopes, extravagant speculations, of lucky hits, of genius, of enterprise! What
would they have been, in point of curiosity, had not that fire burnt up four thousand
models gathered since 1790, when the first patent was issued to one Sam. Hopkins for
making potash! So great is the facility of our inventive power, that patents are issued
at the rate of about 13,000 yearly.
In this bui!ding are also, at present, the offices of the Secretary of the Interior, and of
the Indian, Pension, Census and Land Bureaus. An inqusitive man will feel inclined
to call on the Minister of the Interior and ask his opinion of the "Indian problem!"
But, independently of the inventive talent displayed in the dusty samples of the
Museum, the Patent Office has for many years interested us, as antiquarians and historians, in its collection of Revolutionary relics;-personal things, which bring the original
possessors palpably before us.  It is there we find Franklin's Printing Press, at which he
wrought, as workman, in London in 1728; Washington's china, given to him by the Cincinnati; Washington's uniform, worn when he resigned his commission in our Maryland
Senate Chamber at Annapolis in 1783; his tea table, writing case, compass, cane, sword
and tent, and tent poles; his camp chest and furniture, andirons, two chairs, curtains
worked by MIrs. Washington, and his commnission as Commander-in-Chtief of our Revolutiontry Army.
Near these objects of personal but national interest is hung the ORIGINAL DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENcE, somewhat marred by the moisture applied, many years ago, in
the State Department, when a fac simile of the document was made for an engraver. The
signatures should be carefully retouched with India-ink by an experienced penman before
they fade entirely under the oxidizing process to which they have been subjected. The
Government Printing Office is an object of interest to citizens from its fine organization and
the quantity of business systematically transacted in it. The "Museum of the Ordnance
Department," (under the War Department, but not in that building,) should be visited, as
it contains many curiosities in arms and military relics of great historical interest. The
"Arsenal, and Navy Yard, and Marine Barracks," are also vast storehouses of military
strength, and museums of articles of warfare, the relics of well-foughlt fields of land and
sea.
We have alluded to the Smithsonian Institution already, but we neglected to mention
that its halls have been made a NATIONAL MUSEUM of the collections of the United States
Exploring Expedition under Admiral Wilkes, U.S. N., which were originally placed in
the Patent Office, but transferred to the Smithsonian in 1858. Since then, this neucleus
of a National Museum has been augmented by specimens from more than fifty expeditions of the United States Government, and by investigations of the Institution, and contributions from individuals, representing all quarters of the globe and all branches of
national and human history. It is very complete in European and North American
mammals-their skeletons as well as skins,-while the etlnological specimens of our continent, relating to native tribes, surpass, it is said, those of all other collections. The
mineralogical, lithological, ore, mettalurgical, meteoritic and geyserite collections are rich
and large. Not the least interesting memorials of Naval explorations are the "Polaris"Arctic collections, saved from the wreck, with relics of the ill-fated Hall, of Parry, Franklin, Frobisher and Kane.  Here, too, is the alleged "Sarcophagus of Alexander Severus,"
which Commodore Elliott, U.S. N., brought from Beyrut, in Syria, and presented to
364 
ITS PAST IHIISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
Andrew Jackson for his sepulture. It was an odd gift, which the republican President
declined, being unwilling to be coffined as an Emperor, and especially in a second-hand
shell!
This interesting Museum, which is daily thronged by wondering crowds, gazing particularly at the quaint relics of our Indians, and the sculptures and monuments from Central America, is scientifically arrayed, and is not the mere "curiosity shop" that some
have imagined. It will be added to every year, and before many pass, will require additional halls for the scientific display of the gathered objects and their study.
We have already alluded to the improvements, in the open air aspect, of the Capita],
made in the last five or six years, under the Board of Public Works. They are most
striking in the grand streets and avenues. In making these improvements, the main purpose has been to give the avenues-as the characteristic feature of the city-easy and uniform grades.  The gre-n-bordered footways along wide streets became instantly popular,
so that Washington grew into a vast garden, in which the boundary betwixt town and
county is almost lost. Public and private gardening closely followed the street-builders,
and the new highways were planted with trees as soon as the seasons permitted. Large
spaces of ground between curb and dwelling, allowed in some avenues the monotony
of system to be broken and relieved by double rows of trees; so that this plan of parking
the Capital has, to some extent, indemnified property holders by adding a parterre of
turf to their lots, parting them from the -dust of the street by a fringe of verdure and
flowers. Miany drinking fountains were also set up for man and beast, and provided with
service pipes. The extent of this embellishment may be judged from the fact that, even
at the beginning of last year, the parking then completed amounted to nearly six hundred
thousand yards; while the finished sidewalks counted 208 miles; the improved roadway
118 miles in the city, and 39 miles in the county of Washington. The grading done
between the middle of 1871 and the beginning of 1874, reached the enormous sum of three
millions three hundred and forty thousand cubic yards. And so the success with which
the streets of Washington and Georgetown were thoroughly regenerated in a short time
and on novel principles, may justly be said to be unparalleled in the history of cities.
These avenues and streets now afford drives for many miles, and display the increasing
luxury of life and equipage, in the Capital, among our statesmen, resident citizens and the
Diplomatic Corps. The elegant entertainments of the latter class, as well as of the Executive officers and wealthy residents, have, since the war, given the character of an
European capital-city to Washington. We advise the stranger not to leave it, (especially
if his visit is in the spring or summer, or in autumn-when the rich foliage of that season
glows with red and purple and golden light-) without taking one of these pleasant drives
through Washington's improved thoroughfares, and to end the excursion by a halt either
at the superb Aqueduct over the Potomac; or in the groves of "Oak Hill," that beautiful but solemn cemetery-gift, too, of the princely philanthropist Corcoran; or among
the embowered monuments of the Congressional Cemetery; or, again, at the Soldiers'
Home, which a grateful people dedicated to the repose of veterans who have served their
country faithfully in war.  The Colleges at Georgetown. the Columbian University, and
the Churches in the city should be inspected by him. The Theatre, which was the scene
of President Lincoln's assassination-but was bought by the Government to be, monumentally, converted into a Medical Museum of the Army-contains surgical and anatomical collections, (the result of the civil war,) which are unequalled as scientific specimens
for students, and are interesting even to the unskilled in surgery. Here are found the 16,000
volumes of hospital records of the war, forming the basis on which pensions are granted
by the Governernment, while the alphabetical registers contain nearly 300,000 names of the
ed who fell in the fight.  It is a striking summary of that dreadful conflict! This Army
Museum was not founded to gratify curiosity, but for the scientific use of the most benifi
365 
THE A,ONUMENTAL CITY,
cent of all professions. It is considered the finest of its kind in the world, and is visited
by numbers from abroad to study the results of our experience, not only in surgery andl'
treatment, but in the construction of barracks, hospitals, ambulances, surgical  instruments, artificial limbs, and all that terrible apparatus which attends the battle field, and
by which man instantly tries to save life after attempting to destroy it!
Turning from the Museum, which grew up on the ruins of a Theatre, we must not
forget that our fellow-citizen, Ford, its former owner, has re-established himself in Washington, and, with the facilities of travel between the cities, (in both of which he maintains Theatres,) could doubtless play a second piece in Washington with the actors who
performed the first piece in his house in Baltimore. His Theatre, with other halls, and
several edifices devoted to music and concerts of the higher class, afford ample entertainment to residents and strangers in Washington during autumn, winter and spring.
LOUISA HOME.
Among the many hospitals and asylums of Washington and the District, we should
specially mention the LOUISA HOME, another of the benefactions of Mr. Corcoran.  His
"Art Gallery," to teach taste to the living, and his "Oak Hill Cemetery," for the repose of
the dead-both gifts to the people-were aptly supplemented by this noble Asylum for
gentlewomen of refinement and education who have been impoverished. It is a substantial
edifice, built with care under his personal supervision, at an outlay of near a quarter of a
million, while an equal sum has been set aside by him for its maintainance. lts name is
monumental to the memory of the benefactor's wife and daughter.
366 
ITS PAST HIISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
This sketch of Washington is but a jotting down of hints, showing the attractive
objects of the Capital, independently of " midnight sessions of Congress," the quest of
"Government contracts," or attendance on "the Lobby."
The great questions of national interest which agitated the Union between 180(0 and
1865 are settled-many by public opinion,or law, and many by the war. Thus there is
no longer need, and hardly a chance, for our statesmen to deal with those broad, general
principles which lie at the foundation of free, constitutional governments. We are out of
the formative state,-the gristle of nationality,-and are quickly hardening into the bone
of solid power and union. Hence there is rarely an occasion for our legislators to display
that kind of oratory which made the first four decades of this century remarkable, and
produced famous speeches, from the days of Samuel and John Adams, to those of Clay,
Calhoun, Webster and others. Our best oratory of the classic class ended with those
statesmen. Since then a larger country, and numerous interests or affairs to be dealt with,
exact the closeness of quick, business debate, allowing little time for oratorical expansion.
We legislate more perhaps on head than heart. Party, too, has drilled men to vote rather
than. reason. Accordingly, while a visit "during the session" will always be agreeable;
for men of leisure, it will be mainly so from the society congregated in Washington
during winter.
In old times, besides being only a politico-official place, Washington was not considered healthy. As in most new settlements of lowlands, there were marshes, the nests of
mnalaria. These were drained long ago, and, as far back as 1848, the health reports showed
the average of deaths was not more than two per day in a population of not over 25,000.
Since the war the health of the city has been still more improved by proper sewerage and
grading and sanitary police. It is recorded that of all those whose names are cut on the
monuments of the Congressional Cemetery, the greater number died of diseases contracted
before they came to Washington, or from the natural results of irregular habits. There
could hardly have been anything more trying than the official, and often the private life,
of an MA. C. cooped up in the foul air of the halls and committee rooms, four, six and
sometimes even twelve hours daily, often with evening sessions, late dinners and late suppers at the haunts of fashionable vice, which were unfortunately too much frequented by
members and visitors in the high old days of cards, dice and the duello. Those were days
of "Gadsby's," "boarding houses," "lodgings" and "Congressional messes," when it was
the fashion to come hither en gJarcon, and play the gay bachelor, while the country family
hibernated at home.  Disease prevailed at times to such an extent, that we have heard a
famous senatorial doctor relate how he was often consulted as to when he would "have
his patients in condition to ad(journ and go home."  But in later times, Washington has
lost its bivouac character.  It is no longer an encampment of political gypsies, but an
abode. Numbers of Representatives and Senators live there permanenltly in elegant
houses, entertaining in style suitable to that of the Executive officers, the Supreme Judi ciary, the Diplomatic Corps and the citizen-residents, whlo have built that sort of large
and showy house which is commonly called "palatial."  Many of these Senators and
Representatives live there continuously, going to the watering-places in summer, and
returning to their constituents only in time for fresh elections. Sessions are generally
longer. Pay is higher. Money is buoyant. Presidents no longer ride on horseback to
their inauguration, Harrison being the last we saw perform that exploit. Almost every
married member brings his wife and family, educating his children in the schools of the
District, or in neighboring Baltimore. The rickety Virginian hack, tattered driver, and
the anatomical horses with ragged harness, have disappeared. Superb coaches, phaetons,
drags and roadsters are in vogue. Rivalry in splendor and costliness makes each yearly
entertainment an upward step on the stair of extravagance. The architecture and fur nishing of modern mansions surpass in luxury and cost nearly every thing below the
367 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
grade of "'Ogontz;"* but the rich man's luxury is the poor man's wealth, and so extrava gance benefits society while it weakens the squanderer. In fact, Washington is a capital
place, not only to visit, but to dwell in-provided you are an independent citizen and not
an office-holder.
It is certain that the aspect of Washington-civic and social-underwent a marvellous
change since 1860. There were two phases of this change-one during the war, another
at its end. The war made that city an outpost of the battle-fields, though it remained the
actual Capital of the Nation. Washington instantly became what it had never been before,
a scene of enterprise in business on a vast scale. But this activity was, of course, limited
to people from the North, East and West. For a time it was even the resort of hundreds
of thousands connected with the conflict-as statesmen, soldiers, contractors, political
adventurers, mere observers, or humane citizens, bent on mitigating war by succoring the
sick and wounded. Woman was not missing at such a time of anxiety and need. After
a while, the war's aspect changed, and society's face changed with it as one of Southern
society's institutions vanished with Slavery. It would be absurd to deny that this had
been a power in Washington life, but, at the war's end, that power was gone. Indeed,
the dominion of any section's influence that interfered with free speech and action, was
broken forever; and, with this wholesome establishment of perfect equality, feelings
changed, imperious manners became ineffectual, duelling ceased, and thle Nation no
longer doubted that Washington would remain our Political Capital. Its foundations, in
fact, were relaid in Universal Liberty, without which a Republic is a deceit. Then came
necessarily the second change-the immigration of active, opulent people, with the sani tary improvement and becoming embellishment of what was to be forever the seat and,
centre of AMERICAN POWER.  Hence the grand public works which have made Washington so beautiful and habitable; the increasing attractions of art, literature and science;
and the rapid growth of a fresh, permanent society of wealth, culture and refinement.
Few, we believe, will go there without visiting Arlington and the first battle fields of
1861; Blalensburgh, six miles east, the battle field of 1814; and the home and tomb of
Washington at Mount Vernon. Little is to be seen now at Manassas. The interesting
points where battle was fiercest will be shown, and balls picked up or bought; but nature
has a kinder heart than man in rubbing out the stains of war. Wheat and verdure have
obliterated them, and wild vines embroider the scarred fields that were wet with brother's
blood.
At Biadensburgh there is hardly a trace of the battle of 1814; yet, with Lossing's
Field Book at hand, one may study the ground, and fight it over on the spot. But the
"duelling ground," where so many public and private citizens fell, when the pistol was
still umpire of personal honor, will surely be pointed out by some of the old gossips of
the village.
Washington's Mount Vernon has become almost national property, and, we believe,
will shortly become so in reality, and so fall properly under the protecting guardianship
of the Government. That is a Mecca towards which every American's foot turns, at least
once in his life; and, as a day can seldom be spent more pleasantly, we advise the traveller to go down by water on the daily steamer, and so not only see Mount Vernon, the
tomb and sarcophaguses of Washington and Martha his wife, and the personal and historical collections gathered in the halls and rooms of the house, but get, also, a passing;
glance at picturesque old Alexandria; of Fort Foote on its steep, towering cliff above the
Potomac; and of Fort Washington, on the Maryland shore, in sight of Washington's
estate, rising on its hill-top like some of the old castles that crown the heights of the
Rhine.
*Jay Cooke's villa, near Philadelphia.
368 
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THE EBBITT, WASHINGTON, tJ. S.
ARMY AND NAVY HEADQUARTERS.
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C. C, WILLARD, Proprietor. 
x1 5PIesy bALU0aN AvN ad Stret,
1016 Pennsylvania Av. and Eleventh Street, W
~~~~~~_____                                 Th lags Oyte Hos
The largest Oyster House
in the  United States.  All
lbrands of the finest Oysters
that the briny deep can produce are served with every
imaginable dish that can be
called for.
l he Ladies' Saloon is one
of the handsomest in all its
appointments, and is con(Iticted especially for  them.
Open   from 6 A. M. until
; midnight.
-   OYSTERS, TERRAPIN
And GAME
_A_ SlpecfLlt~.
HARVEY & HOLDEN,
Proprietors.
KNIGHT BROS.
6,33 F St.,Wrashlinton, D. C.   Room  2) Tribunie Buil(linii, N.Y.
Careftl attention to a.ll busiless coneleicld with the United States
Joternt Office and to thle obtaillil, of Foreigo iic(tent8.
M SEND  FOR  PAIPIILET OF  INSTIUCTIONS.
REFERENCES BY PERMISSION.
Prof. JOSEPII JtENRY. Secretar-y Smnithsoiiiani Inistitutioil.
Prof J. E. HIIL(AlRl). U..    Coat 811Siv,-.
ALEXANDElt   I. ItOLLEY, C. E. Newv Y,,rk.
Ge'l R. B. IIAYS. Go' erno  of Ohio.
(Calit. JAS. H. EAI ),, St  L,oiis.
Iloni. J. II. 13. LAl'RRIE, B tltimniore.
BAliTLETl'I, lIOBBINS &  CO, 13altimore.
S. B. SEXTON  & CO., Batltimore.
L. 11.  [ILIT, ERlt, altimore.
MOSES HYDE & SON, Baltimore,
184&
~ lftt:.t, ey/~ the i.ivetJot - of Steeamed Oyfster,,.
PATENTS. 
DESCRIPTIVE ACCOUNT OF
ANNAPOLIS CITY and U.S. NAVAL SCHOOL.
AS SIR GEORGE CALVERT, who was afterwards made by the King, Baron of Baltimore, in Ireland, had visited America, and personally inspected the country which in after
years was to become Terra Maria, or Mary's Land, under his auspices, it is likely that
when the first colony was sent thither by his son and successor Cecilous, under the care
of his other son Leonard, it had already been determined in England that the emigrants
were to be planted on the Potomac.  The Potomac was the dividing line from Virginia,
and its shores not remote from the elements of an already seated though very imperfect
civilization. Accordingly, when the colonists landed from the vessel, a town was at once
laid out, temporary lodgings built, and the place destined to be the first, and for a long
time the seat of Provincial Government, was distinguished by the name of "Saint Marie's
Town."  Emigration continued.  The Baltimore family was eager to improve its fortunes
under the royal grant of American lands and the almost royal powers conceded in the
charter. Bounties for settlement and liberal terms of transportation were offered. Pamphlets, descriptive of the Province and its resources, together with maps showing the "lay
of the land and rivers," were liberally disseminated; and so the country filled up gradually under the Proprietary's care, and in the midst of an aboriginal population which
seems to have been either gentler than the savages of the plains, or better managed by the
settlers of that age than of ours. Thus the Calverts were active colonial planters, and all
classes came hither under their inducements.  The charter was peculiar; it created a
Count-Palatine government-the first Province of the British Empire-and was not only
attractive to folks who wanted to mend their fortunes by hard work in field and forest,
but to well-born classes-younger sons of moderate means-who hoped to find in large
manors and manorial rights the means of founding'families" for themselves by the law
of entail.  His Lordship had even the power to confer titles.  There was a large influx
of this better class of people who always kept up their tie with the mother country by
frequent correspondence and visits, as well as by sending their children to England and
the Continent for education.  The numerous Episcopal Church parishes which in time
grew up in Maryland, afforded a patronage to the Lords which was liberally bestowed on
Oxford and Cambridge men of culture. Indeed, it was England that was looked on by
perhaps the majority as "home," and Maryland only a tarrying place; so that, even within
the last quarter of a century, we have heard a lineal descendant of one of the early settiers-brought up at Annapolis under the old regime-speak of going to England in the
next year as of "going home."
These adventurers and landed men, fully comprehending at that early day the value of
the province for the trade and agriculture to which the law then limited them, had already,
towards the close of the seventeenth century, caused "the Assembly" to create no less
than thirty-three towns, three of which were in the limits of what was then Baltimore
County.  But, of all these towns, which in truth were only "ports or places of landing"
for the convenience of farming or planting neighborhoods, Saint Marie's and Annapolis
maintained supremacy. - Saint M]ary's, the original capital of the Province, had been settled
I 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
under Roman Catholic auspices. Annapolis was colonized by Puritan refugees from Virginia, who planted themselves at a place called by some "Providence," by others, "the
town-land of Proctor's, where the town formerly was;" by others, "Anne Arundel Town;"
"the Port of Annapolis;" and finally, by charter in 1708, "the City of Annapolis." The
history of early Maryland's civil warfares cannot be properly recounted here. Emigration
seems. to have gone on without reference to creed, and it is likely that the Reformed
Churches soon numbered more inhabitants in the province than the Roman. Be that,
however, as it may, Saint Mary's was abandoned as the seat of Provincial Government.
It was thought to be inconveniently placed at the southern part of the province, and
too remote from all other important members of the commonwealth, especially as trade in
large vessels grew up with the mother country. Accordingly Annapolis, centrally situated,
became the politcal and social capital; and maintained at least its political character during
the latter days of colonial power in the Revolution and under the Republic. But, even
when tonnage was not of modern character or size, and great depth of water was not
required for our ancestor's keels, Annapolis, with all its other advantages, was found inadequate as a harbor. In the latter days of the Province, that city had already waned as a
commercial centre and "port of entry."  In the interior, "Frederick" had grown up a
nucleus of agricultural enterprise, though the savages were still disagreeable neighbors.
In the first quarter of the eighteenth century, "the Monocacy and some three miles west of
'Frederick' were the extreme boundaries of American civilization," for the fringe of
English people on the Atlantic.  But those rich interior border lands had become attractive to emigrants from the Palatinate and other Germanic States, who laid the foundations
of Western Maryland. Their early steadfast habits of labor, industry and thrift subdued
that part of our wilderness, and their success brought numerous followers from the old
world; so that Frederick already exceeded Annapolis in size and inhabitants at the outbreak of the Revolution. But, even in those times when legislation was thought conclusive
in mastering men, the authorities were taught there were some things that nature and not
arbitrary power controlled. The headwaters of the deepest navigable streams were
sought, and the site of the predominant rival of all other towns in Maryland was finally
found by Dr. John Stevenson, at the place which is now Baltimore. Circumstances led
him to settle there as a physician.  Finding the land good and well planted, and communication easy with the interior-east, west and seaward-he bought grain, freighted vessels.
sent cargoes to England where they brought good prices, and brought back lucrative returns.
People of enterprise saw the value of his settlement and flocked there; so that marshes
were drained, the town grew, and within forty years from its beginning, "Baltimore Town,"
according to Eddis, was not only the most populous in the Province, but inferior to few on
our Continent. The same writer rather pompously tells us that when the Governor, Sir
Robert Eden, presented Dr. Stevenson to the renowned "Sir William Draper, then on his
tour through the British possessions, that distinguished man was so charmed with the
Doctor's town and success, that he hailed him as'the American Romulus.'"
So, while Baltimore rose, Annapolis sank; but it never lost its "Court character," as
the home and centre of a great part of the best society in America. Where the Governor dwelt, laws were made and public affairs carried on, was the rallying point of the
cleverness and culture of such small populations as then existed in separate colonies or
provinces. Opulent men built costly, elegant houses as their city dwellings, if, as was
commonly the case, they had large plantations or manors, where they dwelt at other seasons, superintending Maryland's grand staple at that time-Tobacco.  Tobacco from
America became smoke in the old world, but brought back very solid revenue, together
with all the luxuries of life. Troops of slaves, docile as in the Orient, supplied service.
Lumbering equipages, or very rickety stage coaches, but generally superb horses, bore the
colonists about the country. In town they visited in sedan chairs, bornie by laqueys in
372 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
livery. They sat on carved chairs, at quaint tables, amid piles of ancestral silver-ware,
and drank punch out of vast, costly vases from Japan, or sipped Madeira half a century
old. At Annapolis they laid out the best race course in the Colonies, and built certainly
the first theatre. Here the best law-learning of America was gathered-the Jenningses,
Chalmerses, Rogers, Stones, Pacas, Johnsons, Dulanys.  Dulany's "opinions" were sent
for even from London. Perhaps there were not enough educational establishments; but
as the fathers preferred sending their children "home" to England for college, they thought
the plain schools good enough for those who were Dot classed with the "gentry." Social
ranks were then very marked and kept up.  They built a superb ball room, which a
British traveller calls "elegant," and says was "illuminated to great advantage," while at
each extremity were apartments for cards, "where select companies enjoy the circulation
of the party-colored gentry, without having their attention diverted by the sound of fiddles
and the evolutions of youthful performers." There were no less than forty-four parishes
of Episcopal Churches, many very extensive and populous. The clergy were, commonly,
men of culture, sent from England, and portioned on the province by the proprietary.
Generally they were men of excellent education and manners. Seldom would one of
different character be tolerated by the high-toned men who composed the vestries. These
clergymen did not abandon their classic pursuits when they crossed the sea, and familiarly
wrote Latin notes to their boon companions of Annapolis, whose culture, in those days,
enabled them to answer in the same language.  Two of these notes now lie before us.
They were free, hearty livers, importing and relishing their old Madeira; and it was in
Annapolis that soft crabs, terrapins and canvas-back ducks first obtained their renown as
the greatest delicacies of the world. The style of the time was, in winter, to enjoy the
Capital, but, in milder seasons, to travel a social round among the great estates and
manors-until the principal families of Calvert, Saint Mary's, Charles, Prince George's
and Anne Arundel counties, and across the Bay on the Eastern Shore, were visited. They
were bold riders, expert in hounds and horse flesh; and the daily fox chase, in season, was
as much a duty to our systematic ancestors as it was to go to the parish church with
proper equipage and style on Sunday. They had their "Tuesday Club," celebrated then,
and even down to our times, for its conversational cleverness and bon  hommie.  If we
may judge from the proceedings, which were minutely recorded by its secretary in volumes still preserved in the Maryland Historical Society's MSS. and in private hands, this
club of wits and scholars must have been a match for those of London in the times of
Addison or Johnson. With races each fall and spring; theatres in winter; assemblies
every fortnight; dinners three or four times a week; a card party whenever possible;
athletic fox-hunting; private balls on every festival; wit, learning and stately manners,
softened by love of good fellowship, we are not surprised to find this character recorded
of Annapolis in 1775: "I am persuaded," says a British traveller, "there is not a town in
England of the same size as Annapolis which can boast a greater number of fashionable
and handsome women; and, were I not satisfied to the contrary, I should suppose that
the majority of the belles possessed every advantage of a long and familiar intercourse
with the manners and habits of your great metropolis."
Indeed, of the old Colonial and Provincial capitals which did not become important as
great municipalities after the Revolutionary war, there are none of such sweet savor in~
American memories as Annapolis and Williamsburg; of sweet savor not only for social
and intellectual refinement, but for brave patriotism.  Both were seats of culture and
manly elegance, centres of the best company of colony and province; but they believed
loyally in the "old country which they called home." They imported bricks from England to build their houses, many still standing to-day and one in Baltimore,* in the midst
* Mount Clare (Carroll's.)
373 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
of soil known to make the best bricks in the world. They called the streets of their Capital
Hanover, Duke of Gloucester, Duke of York and Prince George; and they continue to
call them so to this day, and at least four of their belles became Duchesses and Marchionesses in England.
But, as we remarked, from the date of its decline as a commercial place, Annapolis
continued what it then became-a political Capital-a focus of legislative, judicial and
executive power. Baltimore captured and kept the commerce. It became for many years
a city of repose; cynical progressives called it "the finished city." It was and is a place
without bustle, rush or noise, where one has the "unbounded satisfaction to find himself
where no restless wheels beat time to, and no panting chlimneys breathe forth the smoke
of a vast multiform industry of the nineteenth century; where the sacred stillness of quiet
conversation is yet undisturbed." A sort of Indian-summer of life and society prevails,
where the heat is not parching or the cold pinching; the colors not too florid or gaudy,
though perhaps a little frostbitten; while over all, a mellowing haze hangs like a veil, as
dotted gauze which enhances well preserved beauty in its "fortys."
A society composed of the gentry, the Executive, the clergy, physicians and especially
of the aristocratic lawyers, in such a province, where slavery prevailed and labor was
cheap, was, with all its high-toned elegance, manliness and culture, very likely conservative.
There were large classes of working people and emigrants of all grades, voluntary and involuntary. All were not exceptionally well-to-do and refined. But there was always a
decided independence of character, a love of liberty and free expression, an understanding
of inborn rights, awhich acted and re-acted on the upper and lower ranks of society. Some
were so conservative that they remained loyal to the King and quitted America when the
Revolution broke out. Indeed, at the time of the Stamp Act and non-importation discussions, and at the Declaration of Independence, the virile character of our best Marylanders
displayed itself.  They were not rashi, they deliberated.  The great body of the gentry
was perhaps not ready for separation from Great Britain. We have had within the year a
centennial festival in honor of those who destroyed a tea ship, the "Peggy Stewart," whichl
was burnt a hundred years ago at Annapolis, by command of public opinion and evidently
against the will of the conservatives.. From the best contemporary accounts it seems that
most of the gentry wvould have been satisfied if Mr. Stewart had returned his ship and tea
to England, and were willing to accept an apology from him instead of a holocaust. But
the burghers willed otherwise, and the gentry had to see Mr. Stewart himself kindle the
burnt offering.  So it was at the Declaration of Independence.  The Maryland conventionalists, the best minds of the Province, deliberated long and calmly at Annapolis.
They weighed the consequences of severance from Great Britain and of Independence.
They were not the first to come into the field, but once there, they became staunch
adherents during the war, never bating a jot or tittle of heart and hope until the final
success which insured a peace that was as delightful to them as victory.  At the burning
of the Peggy Stewart, Marylanders in the main were still loyal to the throne, believing and
really hoping that resolute conduct would secure their rig}hts as freemen from the authorities in Great Britain, who saw they had to deal with determined men, acting from principle
and not from passion.  Though liberty was "always their right," independence was still
unclaimed.  But as in all revolutions, the greater heat was at the bottom, for while the
surface was yet cool, the elements weire boiling below.  Opulent coserrvatives, intelligent
and calm, with much at stake besides life, were not reluctant to negotiate, but those whose
thoug,hts went swiftest on the impulse of natural reason, felt that acts were the impressive
things, and that lessons taught by firebrands burned deepest in men's coffers, and thereby
deepest into the judgments of Parliaments and Kings.  And so the Peggy Stewart was
burnt at the landing, and her owner forced to kindle the fire. Such was the society and
public opinion of Annapolis in the olden time.
1374 
ITS PAST IHIISTORY AXD PRESENT RESOURCES.
In our day, we know few pleasanter excursions from Baltimore or Washington than
to our political Capital. We may be prejudiced, but we think it is a gem-in its way.
From Washington it is easily reached by rail, and fiom Baltimore by rail and steamer.
Both routes are quickly passed over; but we prefer to visit Annapolis by water when the
excursion is purely one of pleasure, and to be made, as it should be, with a party. One
travels so much by rail in our country, that a wafer-trip is becoming rare; and in the one
to Annapolis a stranger has an opportunity of observing the fine harbor of Baltimore;
the grand quays and conveniences, for European steamers, of the Baltimore and Ohio
Railroad; a suberb view of the city rising on its amphlitheatre of hills; the extensive
town growing up in the suburbs of Canton and on the eastern highlands; the charming
villas and residences on the borders of the Patapsco; the numerous bay craft and steamers for which our city is famed; the grand expanse of the Chesapeake Bay; and, just
before reaching Annapolis, the blue outlines of the vast "Isle of Kent," which, in Provincial times, was once near becoming a principality.
After two and a-half or three hours of delightful steaming through this scenery, your
attention is caught by the tall, shapely dome of the "State House" looming over the shore
line on the west.   The steamer soon quits its channel in the bay and heads directly
for this object. The approach on a fine, mellow autumn day-when the trees are yet
in leaf, but every leaf is rich with the royal colors of the season; when the air is full of
misty gray sown with sunlight and sparkling like an opal-is a delightful compensation
for whatever trouble one may have had in reaching the spot.  The ancient city, apparently bowered in a green island, seems floating on the water. To your left, as you approach, the massive pile of the Catholic Church, founded on the old home of the Carrolls,
stands out in bold relief from the green oaks, the golden hickories and the flaming maples.
Thence the town begins to slope gently upward, with its quaint old houses, to the central
Capitol and its dominating dome and spire, forming an absolute point in the perspective;
and thence, towards the north and the water again, the houses slope downward in an easy
bow, until they end in the gardens, groves, lawns and parades of the Naval Academy,
terminated at "old Fort Severn" with a war-vessel or two at anchor; and the whole picture-town, trees and vessels-doubled by reflection in the waters of the Severn.  You
land at an old time wharf, and find a crowd of old time colored folks hanging around the
piers, precisely as in the old times; but no where is there a distracting clamor for your
baggage or your boots as you find, to your sorrow, when stepping ashore in wide-awake
cities.  You seem to arrive, as a matter of course, and no one is eager to ask your patronage for a hack or a hotel.  No whiip is poked in your eyes.  You can iwalk; for the distances are not so great that three-fourtlis of a mile will fail to put you across the city in
every direction.  It is compact yet roomy.  It has green lanes every where.  You enter
it.  "Prince George's" street lets you know, by its aristocratic name, that you are in
the domain of "quality," and not entirely out of the eighteenth century. It displays
its dark brick, time-stained houses, hip roofed and broad-porched, drilling along the
highways with that delightfutl irregularity which one likes so much in rural towns,
whose streets are green lanes rather than dusty roads.  There is none of that "paralellogramatic infriingement of individual eccentricity," which so provoked IlIamilton, the English traveler, in Philadelphia, half a century ago.  These bricks are British bricks-bits of
British soil solidified by fire for our ancestors, more than a hundred and twenty-five years
ago; still preserved here as in a sort of museumn of American antiquities.  You go fortilwith by a gently upward sloping street to the State House, and, being a wise traveller, go
directly to the upper external gallery of the dome, surveying the scenery from a point
nearly two hundred feet above the bay.  The ground-plan of the city, spread map-like
below, reminds you of that of iVash'msgton ~ity from the capitol dome. You wonder
whether Major L'Enfant, designer of the federal city, stole his plan of radiating streets
375 
THE MONU3MEMTAL CITY,
from the earlier design of Annapolis; they make the Capitol on which you stand the hub
of a big wheel, with streets for spokes. And how quiet is the rural-civic scene beneath you
softened by distance, and richly tinged in its embowering foliage of autumn colors. The
city covers not over one hundred and fifty acres, fifty less than were built over in Baltimore City during the last five years! It stands, as you behold it from this elevation, on a
well marked peninsula, made by Acton's Creek on the south and Covey's Creek on the
north, the head-waters of each approaching within half a mile. Thus it is nearly belted
with a girdle of water; silver relieved on a garment of green.  In front, eastward and southwardly, you have a wide view of the Chesapeake, forty or fifty miles; on your left is the
broad entrance to the Severn with its war ships; and north, west and south a remarkable
diversity of water, woodland and meadow, rolling away in easy undulations, extremely
picturesque in a region so devoid of hills, and which may be called almost a lowland
country. Across the river, one sees the National Hospital, and the new establishment and
grounds added by the United States Governmentto the Naval Academy. But the beauty
of the scene is mainly in its sylvan features, which make one feel he is in the country,
though he knows he is in a city. On those fields Rochambeau and other French Allies
were encamped, and in those fine houses the French gallants trod the stately minuet with
the republican belles.  Many, nay most of the buildings are, as we have said, of antique
cut, and rarely touched by the destroying hand of the "modern improver." They are not
desecrated with fresh red on bricks, or fresh white on boards; but even amongst the humbler
substantial classes of the past, you are shown quite a number of manorial times and construction, while few are without gardens and even abundant groves. When Eddis came
here in 1755, Annapolis appeared to him "an elegant village rather than the metropolis
of an opulent province." The failure of its trade stunted the vigorous village of a century
ago, but has left it the dower of beauty with which it was born.
The vitality of Annapolis was maintained, and always will be by its State-official character; yet it was a good idea, both for the old city and the United States Navy, that induced the federal government to establish the NAVAL ScrooL on the banks of the Severn,
with the old fort as a nucleus. It was precisely a safe and central spot for young men of
America to learn seamanship and study marine warfare. They have all the advantages
of a refined neighborhood of the best quality in America, without being endangered by the
dissipations of a large city. They are at o(nce near enough and far enough from the
National Capital, to be aloof from personal influence, yet ready for personal protection;
while their parents and guardians can visit them in a healthy city, and by easy access from
every part of the Union. In fact, the Naval School and Annapolis assimulate as if they
had been designedly constructed for each other, and so act and re-act to each other's mutual
advantage. As an old-time beautiful town, of great historic interest by its connection
with the Revolution, the early Congresses and Washington's last personal act in command
of the army, Annapolis would always have been interesting to Americans; but the Naval
Academy has made it a National as well as a State City.  Every naval pupil who dwells
within its bounds for four years has a sympathetic chord running to this old capital, from
the Pacific, the Gulf, the Lakes, the Atlantic and every nook and corner of the interior;
and after graduation, there is not a day that does not recall Annapolis affectionately to his
memory.
The planting of this Naval School in our Capital has been of use to the city; yet without destroying its rural features or imparting a metropolital air.  As you look down from
the dome you observe, that, from Fort Severn Point, at the northeast part of the town, the
Federal Government has acquired and included in the Academy's grounds the ancient
"Governor's House," which was used by our Executives since 1775; and now the whole
margin of the Severn as it stretches westward, and the beautiful woodlands across the
creek, and the woods and fields again on the northern side of the Severn, have become
376 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
the property of the Nation. The controlling influence of so orderly and systematic an
Institution, where taste and means of accomplishment abound, have been of vast service
to the old city, in matters of modern elegance. When the Legislature is not in session
every second year, the large body of Cadets, Naval Officers and Professors at the Academy
is said to be "the life of the town," so that when tattoo beats, at nine o'clock, a citizen
declared that "Annapolis went to bed."
As you veer around the dome gallery on your survey, the large buildings below, on
the west and on the north, are, first, the renowned and rebuilt "St. Anne's" Church and
the modern Government House which was erected by the State within the last ten years.
In another direction, nearly to the right, are the great tasteful gardens and beautiful dwellings of the hospitable Randalls and Hagners. Yonder are the ancient Chase mansion,
Br ce mansion, Scott mansion, Steele mansion and Harwood mansion-spacious, solid,
gray, time-stained, antique houses of Provincial times-containing the great apartments,
comfortable offices, deep windows, polished, narrow-planked parquettes; their easy
stairways and carved balustrades; tall ornamented mantels and elaborate wainscoating.
One still stands, built atter the style of English manor-houses, enclosed by a large brick
wall, embracing three acres. "St. Anne's" is a historical church. The modern phcenix
that has arisen from the ruins of the old church is by no means venerable; and as we
look on it, at noon, the clock-hands point to six, for just so much is this substantial ancient
town of brick and mortar, which will last forever, behind the brisk cities of boards and
plaster meant to last a decade. We find it really difficult to quit this steeple-perch on so
balmy an autumn day, looking in any direction-landward, downward, or over the bay
to the misty outlines of Kent, flocked by fleets of bay craft bound up or down, and
memorable to most of us, as catchers of the Chesapeake oysters, that bonneboucle of
Americans in San Francisco as well as Boston.
But, we must descend, and as we go down the inner stairway, observe the massive
timber our ancestors used when they set up this State House, for the skeleton of part of it
is, as usual in such buildings, still bare in the audit to the dome. They had to build
strongly when they built honestly, and as they thought forever; erecting then dome and
spire, two hundred feet high, on the apex of the central hill. The main entrance to the
grand hall under the dome is from the east. In front of the door, on a pedestal, is the sitting statue of Chief Justice Taney, in bronze, by our Maryland sculptor Rhinehart-a
good work and good likeness, but badly placed for observation-though suitably for sentiment-at the portal of a Capitol.  The ground descends in front of it and the vista is short,
so that no proper point of view for full effect can be got in the grounds. Still it is a
worthy memorial of a distinguished Marylander, and honorable to him, the State and the
young artist who executed it.
Let us enter the grand hall under the noble dome, which is surely very impressive.
There is nothing modern about its architecture, which is of the English style of Sir Christopher Wren and his followers. The stucco ornamentation of the dome is remarkably
good. A massive balustrade stairway rises at the western end, by easy tread; leading
from its first platform to the Library, and then by branches, left and right, to the Court
Rooms, the Governor's apartment, the Armory and the Adjutant General's office.
Standing on the floor of the Hall, on your left as you enter, is the Chamber of the House
of Delegates; on your right, the Senate Chamber. These are spacious, in their original
solid forms and size, and were very little meddled with by modern architects or upholsterers. They retain therefore the effect their designers intended.
The Chamber of the House of Delegates is adorned with Charles Wilson Peale's original full-length portrait of General Washington, accompanied by General Lafayette and
Colonel Tilghman-a picture ordered by the State, and of artistic as well as historical
merit. It is one of the few votive things ordered by States in early times, when fuller of
3
377 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
gratitude than money, that were accomplished. The hall itself is spacious and well
adapted for a popular assembly.  Lafayette was "naturalized" there by Legislative act.
On the opposite side of the Hall is the Senate Chamber-the true, historic Chamber of
Maryland-in which the Congress of 1783 met; the Treaty of Peace with Great Britain,
recognizing our Independence, was ratified; and where Washington resigned his commission as Commander-in-Chief of the Army. Here it was that the war really ended, and
so consecrated a Chamber which, to the honor of our State, has never been modernized.
It stands, architecturally, as it did in'83. Chairs and desks, carpets and fittings wore out
and were replaced, but the grand whole has been untouched in style, so that it requires
little imagination to conjure up the scene of the 23d of December, 1783, when, "according
to order, his Excellency the Commander in Chief was admitted to a public audience;"
and, being seated, the president (General Mifflin), after a pause, informed him "that the
United States, in Congress assembled, were prepared to receive his communications;"
whereupon he arose, addressed Congress, and, as he concluded, advanced and delivered
his commission to the president.  "Having finished," said he, "the work assigned to me, I
retire from the theatre of action, and bidding an affectionate farewell to this august body,
under whose orders I have so long acted, I here offer my commission, and take my leave of
all the employments of public life." The "Maryland Gazette" of the time, printed at
Annapolis, remarks that "few tragedies ever drew more tears from so many beautiful eyes
as were affected by the moving manner in which his Excellency took his final leave of
Congress." Yet it is evident that the General's farewell, as a military man, to Annapolis
was not, on that occasion, altogether doleful; for when he reached the city with his suite
on Friday, the 17th of December, he was met, in great ceremony, a few miles from the
city by Generals Gates and Sma]lwood, together with the principal inhabitants, who
escorted him, amid salvos of artillery, to Mr. Mann's tavern, where apartments were prepared for him.  Next day he waited on the President of Congress, with whom he dined,
in company with the members of that body and the chief civil and military men of the
State. On Sunday he returned the visits made to him.  On Monday Congress gave him a
dinner and ball at the Assembly rooms, entertaining upwards of two hundred distinguished guests, drinking toasts at night, accompanied by discharges of cannon, and illuminating the State House when the ball was given; at which, it is recorded, "General
Washington opened the dancing with Mistress James Maccubbin of Annapolis, one of
the most beautiful women of her day!"
The Senate Chamber of our Capital has always been an object of Maryland's pride in
all the shifting scenes of politics. It has been a purpose of our statesmen to adorn it with
historical portraits and pictures. Not many years ago a picture by Edward White was
set up in it of "Washington's Resignation," which is meritorious, and contains, it is said,
good portraits of as many congressmen as could be fairly placed and delineated on a
canvas of such size. Of Provincial times there is only one portrait-that of Frederick
Calvert, the last of the Barons; perhaps the most worthless, though a man of much college culture. There are excellent full lengths of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, by the late
Thomas Sully, painted from life; and of Paca, Stone and Chase (from portraits), by the
late John Beale Bordley. These where ordered by the State in commemoration of our
four signers of the Declaration of Independence. In an adjoining committee room is a
full length, fanciful in Roman costume, of Lord Chatham, the friend of America, executed
in London by our American artist Peale, while in England.
In the old Annapolis ball room, many years ago, we remember seeing hung on the
wall a begrimmed, full-length picture, black with age and smoke, which the person who
guided us declared to be a portrait of Cecilous Calvert, son of Sir George, and second of
the Lords Baltimore, consequently the receiver of the Charter and planter of the
Province. This canvas, we were told, had lately been in worse plight, until a peripatetic
378 
ITS PAST IHIISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
"picture cleaner took it from the frame, spread it on the floor and scoured it with soap and
brush!" A human form in antique dress, and a glimmer of tanned features could be
descried through the load of varnish with which the traveling tinker had glossed the canvas,
Where that picture is now, we do not know. The excellent full length of Charles, fifth
Lord Baltimore, painted we are persuaded by Sir Godfrey Kneller, a gift from the Lord to
his province, and which fell to the State by regular descent, was bartered many years ago
by the authorities for portraits of certain Governors, painted by Charles Wilson Peale.
The artist who made this improper bargain with the State authorities is long since dead;
yet the picture we understand still continues in the possession of one of his descendants
who is anxious to sell it. In 1853, the late Thomas Sully, (the Sir Thomas Lawrence of
our country,)-copied this large portrait on a canvas of full size, and presented his masterly
work to the Maryland Historical Society, on whose walls it is carefully kept in the Athenaeum at Baltimore. The original should be recovered by a Government which was at
least heedless in parting with such a pictorial prize, independently of its personal interest
in our history. The State has not done much to patronize art. The few things we named
comprise all worth noting. On the front of the Capitol, near the eastern gateway, is a
long thin iron gun, whose surface is vermiculated by rust, and is said to have been found
in the water near St. Mary's, and presented by the Rev. Mr. Carberry, as a relic of the
founders of the colony and province. It may have fired a salute at Leonard Calvert's landing. The apartments reached by the hall-staircase we have described, viz: the Courtroom, the Armory, the Adjutant-General's office and Governor's Chamber, are worthy of
the antique building. They are spacious. The Armory as we saw it lately was in disorder,
cumbered with boxes and old-fashioned arms in disarray. Standards of State Regiments
of the late war, and of other wars, which we believe were once there are not apparent;
while some banners lean against the walls in tatters. The relics of civil war should be
either preserved or destroyed, but not left to perish from neglect. That species of ruin indicates indecision or timidity. Of all the upper apartments, the most important is the vast
room known as the Governor's or Council-chamber. In days that preceded the era of furnaces and steam heaters, we remember the lofty mantel and grand baronical fire-place,
which gaped on the west side of the chamber like a cavern, and was said to consume near
a cord of hickory daily, to warm an apartment of forty feet frontage by thirty-four in width.
This grand saloon basks in the southeastern sun; and from its deeply embayed windows
in the thick walls, you have a broad view of the Severn, the town, Chesapeake Bay and the
Naval Academy. It is a very quiet chamber in "off" times, when there is no legislation
or governing astir. Its high walls, near the cornice, hold portraits of Thomas Johnson,
the first Republican Governor; of Plater, Paca, Sprigg, Howard, Smallwood, who in turn
have presided over Maryland; and an excellent full length of T. Holliday Hicks, who was
Governor at the outbreak of the civil war. Nearer the observer are hung several interesting printed and autographic memorials of the Revolution, as, a letter of Washington;
the first official printed copy of the Declaration of Independence, signed by John Hancock;
the remarkable Proclamation of rights and principles of liberty, by Maryland notables
before the Revolution, signed by most of the leading men of the Province, who afterwards
became republicans; an original official copy of the Proclamation of Peace, &c. In the
Library, in the Adjutant-General's office, in the Land Office building, there are original
State papers of Proprietary and Revolutionary times; but we are sorry they are in such
disarray as to be useless to the Government or to historical students. Attention to the duty
of assorting and indexing these State papers, chronologically, in proper classes, and cf
binding them in volumes, before they suffer more from time and neglect, was warmly
invoked by a Maryland student during the government of the Hon. A. W. Bradford, who
approved his conservative effort. We hope the task will now be undertaken and thoroughly accomplished.
379 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
This sketch of Annapolis may suffice.  We must, however, note the fine fountain,
throwing up its water on the southwestern front of the Capitol, which is now hemmed in
by a high iron fence on granite base, and by planted grounds which we would be pleased
to see better kept from the inroads of poultry. Some of the old buildings which we
remember in this enceinte are gone, especially one near the north wall of the Capitol.
Within the circle enclosing the State House, still stands the old Treasury building, on the
easterly margin of the hill. This building is very old, and was used as the Legislative
"Hall of the Provincial Government"-the "Upper House" sitting in the smaller, and the
"Lower House" in its larger apartment. Northeastwardly from the Treasury building is
the modern Comptroller's and Record office. It is said to be a fire-proof building, and is
certainly a comfortable one, heated, like the State House, by steam. Here the archives of
the State are said to be deposited, (at least the greater part of them,) with the records of
the Chancery Court and its office, long since abolished. In this building, too, is the Land
office and its immensely valuable records-of which some of the earlier books or "Libers"
are extremely entertaining in their details of Court cases, trials and events. The new
Government House, first occupied, we believe, by Gov. Oden Bowie in 1869, stands about
two hundred yards west of the Capitol. It is a stately pile, costing probably a quarter of
a million for grounds, building and equipment, and is quite worthy of the State. It lacks,
however, the nice grounds and water view of the old mansion of the previous hundred
years. From the Government House, the State House and St. Anne's Church circles,
respectively, most of the important streets radiate, as we have seen, while others intersect
them at convenient points. St. John's College still stands on its eminence at the end of
Prince George street. There, too, is still its "College Green"-the camp ground of the
French warriors as they returned from Virginia-of Rochambeau, Lafayette and othersthe camp, also, of American troops in the war of 1812. An industrious and perhaps somewhat credulous "Monkbarns" might detect some traces of these encampments.  Certain
it is that the grave-mounds of many who died in the service are still pointed out to curious
travellers. One antiquity unquestionably remained on the grounds east of the College,
and probably may be there still-the "American Tulip Tree"-a huge but ragged poplar
of vast unknown age, which the gossips say "was growing here when Annapolis was settled by the Puritans, Anno Domini 1649;" was "commemorated in verse by a distinguished
graduate of St. John's, the late lamented Dr. Shaw, a native of our city;" and is still held
in veneration by Annapolitans. They have a sort of superstitious feeling about this
poplar; for it is said that when it was accidentally set on fire in 1839, the excitement was
as great, and the efforts for its salvation as prodigious, as if the Capitol had been in flames.
A bit of antique sentiment like this is creditable to the people. The fire was quenched,
the tree saved, and, though it was sadly scarred, Annapolis rejoiced!
The Churches-Methodist, Episcopal, Presbyterian, Naval and Roman Catholic-are
not remarkably fine, architecturally. The old St. Anne's, as we said, was burned down;
the present is a reconstruction.  The big silvery bell-gift of Queen Anne to the parishwas destroyed. The silver communion service, enriched with arms and monogram of
William the Third, was saved. Within the enclosure are some ancient tombs of the
Carrolls, and some with elaborate sculptures of the Taskirs, one of whom was President
of the Province. St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church stands on Duke of Gloucester street,
on land given by Charles Carroll of Carrollton.  This was the site of the family mansion
in Annapolis, and we believe we are not wrong in saying that the original dwelling was
included in the monastery or college of St. Mary's, a foundation of the order of the Redeemer, which is one of three in the United States through which candidates for the
order's missions have to pass. Of all the ecclesiastical edifices, we think the Chapel of the
Naval Academy the handsomest, though not largest.  The old "City Hotel" and the "old
ball room" are things of the past-the ball room being destroyed, but replaced by a fine
380 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
modern Assembly Room, built since the civil war on the site of the ball room on Duke
of Gloucester street. The main apartment, a-blaze with -gas, is said to be superb when
filled with beauty and belles. The "MIaryland Hotel," at the head of Main street-a fresh
institution-we hope will win the renown of the old'"City Hotel" in the days of the bardinners, when Mr. Chief-Justice Buchanan used to sit at the head of the table, surrounded
by such men as Wirt, Taney, Pinkney, Johnson, Nelson, Mayer, Meredith and McMahon
in the palmiest days of the Court of Appeals. 
But Annapolis has its national attraction, independently of its historical and antiquarian, in the hundreds of youths sent here by the United States, from all quarters of the
country, and admitted even from foreign countries, to study Naval Science. These are
our future Admirals. He who strolls northward, down Maryland Avenue, finds himself,
after a short walk, face to face with a wall, a gate, a sentry-box and a sentinel. A step
takes him out of the eighteenth century into the nineteenth, from the repose of quiet old
Annapolis to the life and activity of the NAVAL ACADEMY.
We believe the country owes mainly to George Bancroft, the historian, while he was
Secretary of the Navy, the permanent establishment of this National Institution. On the
10th of October, 1845, it was formally opened by Commander Franklin Buchanan, U.S.
N., of our State, with an Academic Board of able men. When the civil war broke out in
1861, Maryland was thought too close to the fields on which the contest was to be fought.
Accordingly, the Academy was removed to Newport, Rhode Island, Fort Adams being
assigned for the School, and used until it was found unsuitable. The pupils were then
quartered on the frigate Constitution in the harbor, during summer; and in,winter, in the
Atlantic Hotel, which was occupied until the Academy reopened for service at Annapolis
some time after the war ended. During the war they had been used for military purposes,
while Annapolis was a sort of hospital camp, or depot for sick soldiers, paroled men and
recruits.
After the return of the Cadets to Annapolis at the end of the war, there was a stringent
effort to withdraw the Academy from that city. Various northern interests contended for
it. The temporary removal of the pupils to Newport, Rhode Island, and the limited area
of ground belonging to the Government at Annapolis, then only twenty-one acres, together
with the inadequate accommnodations in the structures already built, were thought or urged
as sufficient grounds for agitating the abandonment of the site and the purchase of a larger
tract elsewhere for the erection of proper permanent buildings. In his report of December, 1865, the Secretary of the Navy called attention to the insufficiercy of the accommoodations, as well as to what he was pleased to style "the temptations" to which youths were
exposed from being "in the heart of a city," as "serious and insurmountable difficulties" for
continuing Annapolis as the site of the School, and making the idea of further expenditures for its improvement inadmissable. The report said that inquiries had already been
made to ascertain more desirable locations; and the Secretary recommended that "the
Department should be authorized to secure the refusal of one or more eligible sites for a
Naval Academy." In the mind of that functionary, "removal" seemed to be a foregone
conclusion; and surely, "removal" was furthered in this way by official suggestion. Of
course, this was a popular hint to all sections in which there was the possibility of a competing location.
But we had an active, influential representative from Baltimoie in the thirty-ninth
Congress, in General Charles E. Phelps, who soon descried the dangerous character of the
movement against Annapolis. General Phelps was a member of the Committee on Naval
Affairs of the House, and the only member of it representing constituencies south of Pennsylvania. To check the eagerness of rival aspirants, soon after the meeting of Congress,
he offered a resolution directing the Secretary of the Treasury to report the amount of
money already invested by the United States Government in the N aval Academy at
381 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
Annapolis. The response that nearly a million of dollars had been spent there in land
and improvements, furnished a conclusive reason for throwing the burden of abandonment or removal on those who proposed that the United States should incur so serious a
loss of property, especially on emerging from war.
Admiral Porter was at that time the superintendent of the Academy at Annapolis, to
which the Cadets had been returned. He, like most naval men of judgment and distinctidn, was decidedly in favor of keeping the School at the Maryland Capital, and was prompt
and warm in urging its unrivalled advantages. It was suggested that the Naval Committees of the United States Senate and of the House of Representatives, should together visit
the ancient city, and judge personally of its claims for the permanent Academy; and
accordingly invitations were issued, not only to these Legislative Committees, but to "many
prominent members, Senators and their families." The day fixed for the visit was unfavorable in weather, yet large numbers responded personally when the special train left Washington for Annapolis. Our Senator at that time, the Honorable Reverdy Johnson, accompanied the party, and the late Wm. Prescott Smith, then master of transportation of the
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, contributed greatly by his lively tact and address to the
pleasure and success of the excursion. The Committees visited the grounds and the Academy buildings, inspected the Cadets, partook of the hospitality of the Admiral, at his
quarters, and of Governor Swann, at the Goverment House, while many ladies and the
younger folks were entertained by a ball and the excellent music of the Academy's band.
It might be difficult to say whether legislative judgment was not, on that occasion,
helped to vigorous exercise by the old-fashioned hospitality of Annapolis; but, it is avered
that when the toasts were given at these entertainments and short impromtu responses made,
the result was a downright committal of Members and Senators in favor of Maryland's
capital. The chairman of the Senate's Committee, Mr. Grymes of Iowa, was entirely
satisfied with the place, and his opinion virtually secured the Senate.
But this did not end the contest. All the opposing combinations threw their united
strength on the House of Representatives, using the rivalry of competing interests to prevent, if possible, an appropriation for the purchase of additional grounds and erection of
suitable buildings. The House and the Senate disagreed on the Naval appropriation
bill-the Senate having added an apprcpriation of $25,000 for the purchase of the Executive Mansion and grounds at Annapolis, $25,000 for more land in that city, and $120,000
for the erection of additional buildings. A "committee of conference" was demanded;
General Phelps became a member of it on the part of the House of Representatives; and
the result was a report infavor of the Senate's amendments. These were finally adopted
by the House, and, the appropriations being thus granted, the sum of $170,000 was added
to the Nation's stock in Annapolis.
These things happened in the spring of 1866. The fall elections in Maryland of that
year were exceedingly unsatisfactory to the congressional majority. We have not space,
nor would it be proper in a descriptive work of this kind, to set forth the political variances then existing. It is enough to say that in consequence of them-and perhaps with
a hope that a charge of disloyalty would insure the Academy's removal-a resolution was
passed by a party vote in the Congress of 1866-67, instructing the Naval Committee "to
inquire into the propriety of an immediate removal of the United States Naval Academy
from its present location in the State of Maryland to some point in a loyal State, where
the pupils in that institution will be secure against the surrounding political influences,
hostile to the National Government, which now prevail at Annapolis."
This menacing movement in Congress aroused prominent citizens of Annapolis to
action. Such persons as Alexander Randall, Hagner and Mason, backed by numerous
others without regard to party lines, expostulated wisely and vigorously in a memorial to
Congress, which produced a greater impression than such things commonly do on Repre
382 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
sentatives. But the action of the Committee and of the House still continued adverse.
It is impossible to state here in full the tactics of the combatants on either side. In the
final debate in the House of Representatives, Gov. Francis Thomas and Gen. Charles E.
Phelps distinguished themselves by defending not only the loyalty of their State to the
country, but by demonstrating the suitableness of Annapolis as the site of the Academy.
The last serious effort to withdraw it from its present excellent location was therefore
defeated signally by a vote of 108 to 37 at that session; and should the controversy ever
be re-opened, the argument for Annapolis will be found triply fortified by the obvious
central and natural advantages of that city; by the decisive action in the face of parts 
just stated; and by the magnitude of the General Government's investments at the
Academy's grounds since the year 1866, which we shall hereafter describe.
Fort Severn, an old-fashioned round-tower battery, at the northeast corner of Annapolis on the water, was a nucleus of the Government's possessions. This and its small
territory were enlarged by several purchases, the first of which, we believe, was made in
1847 and followed by others, until in 1869 the Government acquired the old "Governor's
House" and grounds, which had been built and laid out in early times by the celebrated
provincial lawyer, Edmund Jennings, and sold by him for an Executive's residence to the
last British Proprietary Governor, Sir Robert Eden, who added to the tall turreted centre
two wings and the long room, so well known to all who enjoyed the winter hospitalities
of Annapolis during the last hundred years. The United States bought this provincial
relic for $25,000, and in that way laid the foundation of our modern Government mansion
near the Capitol. In 1867 nine and a half acres had been purchased from St. John's
College. In 1868, 1869, the "Strawberry Hill" farm, together with the land betwixt it and
the Severn river and Graveyard creek-nearly one hundred and fifteen acres-were
bought and joined to the original properties by a drawbridge over the creek. Thus a
large domain has been gradually acquired, giving the United States control over a great
space of land and water on the northern and western sides of the city, so that it enjoys
not only ample room for academic quarters, but insures ventilation, drainage, room for
exercise and amusement, and all those sanitary securities so important in public institutions. In fact, its spacious territory and numerous, separated buildings make it quite a
town, independent and aloof from Annapolis.
On an elevation in the last bought tract beyond the creek, a cemetery for naval people
has been laid out; while beyond its groves is a charming park, diversified in surface, covered with trees, herbage and meadows, made accessible by five miles of woodland paths.
This has become the favorite afternoon resort of the seven thousand Annapolitans, as well
as of the Academy's pupils and professors. The remainder of Strawberry Hill has been
planted with gardens and orchards, to supply the school with vegetables and fruit, which
grow so well in this prolific soil.  It is pleasant to those who saw the "Naval Academy"
grounds during the civil war, and observed their decadence with sorrow, to notice the
improvements of the last ten years, not only in the rural portions outside of the walls,
but within the academic enclosures, where fountains have been built, low grounds filled,
shrubs, flowers and trees planted, roads and pathways laid out; so that what was once a
waste, especially in rear of the quarters, is now one of the most attractive parts of the
Academy. These charming grounds are made interesting by monuments set up along the
walks, especially those to Clemson and Hynson, lost in the U. S. brig Somers off Vera
Cruz in 1846; to Pillsbury and Shubrick, wounded and killed in the naval battles at
Vera Cruz in the same year; to Commander Herndon, the brave sailor who lost his life
on the mail steamer "Central America" in 1857, while gallantly trying to save his ship
and passengers; and the well known "Naval Monument" which stood so long in Wash ington city, first, from 1808 in the Navy Yard, where the British mutilated it in 1814; next
on the Capitol grounds, at the base of the grand steps on the west front-in the ridst of a
383 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
fish pond-where it remained until, in 1860, Congress placed it in the Academy's grounds.
Erected to the memory of Captain Somers, Lieutenants Caldwell, Decatur, Wadsworth,
Israel and Dorsey, who fell in attacks on Tripoli in 1804-early in our national life-this
monument and the others are now properly planted in these grounds, where they con stantly meet the eyes of naval aspirants, demonstrating that courage and fidelity to
country are never forgotten.  In the chapel of the Academy-a beautiful edifice-memo rial tablets are set up to other naval officers and men; and we were particularly glad to
see commemorated the brave Lieut. Talbott, Quartermaster Francis, Coxwain Andrews,
and Muir, the Captain of the Hold, who were drowned in December, 1870, while trying to
land on the Island of Kanai, in the North Pacific, after a boat voyage of 1500 miles, which
they had voluntarily undertaken in search of aid for their wrecked shipmates on Ocean
Island.
A catalogue of the Academy's buildings would be no more than an inventory of every
possible appliance for comfort, health, discipline and instruction. The old Governor's
House has been fitted up in good style as a Library, well stocked with scientific and literary
works and periodicals-over 15,000 in number-which the pupils can use freely.  Coins
and curiosities; a valuable collection of American minerals, the gift of the late Hon. Joseph
Wilson, of the Land office; an ornithological collection; several copies, in plaster, of cele brated statutes, and busts of military and naval men and artists, together with a number of
paintings of naval engagements and portraits of renowned naval officers given by the Navy
Department, adorn the library and halls. The old round Fort, stripped of its war paint
and artillery, has been converted into a "Gymnasium," where fencing and other athletic
or military exercises are taught to the Cadets who, moreover, from time to time trim, dress
and decorate the vast apartment as a ball-room, when those celebrated midshipmen's parties
are given once or twice a year, to which the belles flock from all quarters of our country.
"Jenkins" has cautiously announced that these "hops are believed to have a very refin ing influence upon the young gentlemen, and are certainly very attractive to officers and to
guests present." The Cadets are encouraged to sustain base ball and boat clubs, while their
evening parades are as attractive as the celebrated sun-set drills at West Point. The
"middies" are instructed thoroughly in infantry tactics.  It has been said, that in a competitive exercise, they excelled the military Cadets at West Point in the manual of arms,
though the West Pointers surpassed them in marching. For music, our "paternal government," supplies its naval eleves with a band of twenty-eight performers, who are obliged to
play for an hour, each morning and evening, as well as for drills and parades. Of course
they are always utilized at the "hops."  Each young gentleman is obliged to bathe regularly at a bath provided by the Academy, and to be shaved, if he has a beard, as well as to
have his hair trimmed, by a regulation barber, at a regulation price. His laundry-bill is
limited to three dollars a month. His mess-bill to the commissary averages somewhat over
twenty dollars for the same time. He goes to meals on a march, listens erect behind his
chair to "Grace" from a Cadet Lieutenant.Commander, is seated by order, rises by order,
and quits his mess-room by a march again. The Government spares no expense in the
equipment of the Academy for pupils or professors with excellent lodgings, as well as with
pure water and gaslight. All the apparatus of modern science is supplied. Among the
branches taught at the Academy, it was due to good naval service that a Department of
Steam Enginery should be added. This was done some years ago, and a large building
erected, in which the practical and experimental duties of a steam engineer are taught.  Old
fashioned "navigation" is of course not neglected, but wind and sails are rapidly yelding
to valves and vapor. Steam and iron for vehicle as well as motor, are to be controllers of
the seas in commerce as well as warfare; and naval men, no matter how reluctant they
may be to mix up a mechanical with a military life, must learn, if they wish meritorious distinctions, to make as well as manage an engine, and not to study it simply as a toy. We
384 
ITS PAST IHIISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
hope this will be impressed on the mind of every Superintendent of the Naval Academy,
and that the Secretary of the Navy will see to its enforcement. "Engineers in the Navy,"
until recently, were rather overshadowed in official rank, by men who had neither their
scientific learning or skill, yet depended on them for the management of their vessels, in
calm or storm, in chase (,r battle.
This summary of the Naval Academy is all we think necessary to set down in a book
like ours, which is rather directory than descriptive. Annapolis will be visited by all
classes of travellers, and especially by those connected with the pupils or administration
of the Naval Academy. It will be chiefly attractive to Marylanders as the seat of
Government, Legislation and of our Appellate Court. A few will come as Antiquarians
to see the old town, the old archives, the historical places. Many more, whose motives we
particularly approve, will visit Annapolis to enjoy its delicious repose, charming scenery,
and the still more charming society with which its ancient dwellings is filled.
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE.*
The National Intelligeneer, of Monday, contains the following article in relation to
CHARLES CARROLL of Carrollton, the last survivor in 1826 of all those who signed the
Declaration of American Independence.
In the year 1826, after all save one of the band of patriots whose signatures are borne
on the Declaration of Independence had descended to the tomb, and the venerable Carroll
alone remained among the living, the government of the city of New York deputed a
committee to wait on the illustrious survivor and obtain from him, for deposit in the
public hall of the city, a copy of the Declaration of 1776, graced and authenticated anew
with his sign manual. The aged patriot yielded to the request and affixed, with his own
hand, to a copy of that instrument the grateful, solemn and pious supplemental Declaration which follows:
"GRATEFUL TO ALMIGHTY GOD for the blessings which, through Jesus Christ our
Lord, he has conferred on my beloved country in her emancipation, and on myself, in
permitting me, under circumstances of mercy, to live to the age of 89 years, and to survive the fiftieth year of American Independence, and certify by my present signature my
approbation of the Declaration of Independence adopted by Congress on the 4th of July,
1776, which I originally subscribed on the 2d day of August of the same year, and of
which I am now the last surviving signer, I do hereby recommend to the present and
future generations the principles of that important document as the best earthly inheritance their ancestors could bequeath to them, and pray that the civil and religious liberties
they have secured to my country may be perpetuated to remotest posterity and extended
to the whole family of man.
"CHARLES CARROLL of Carrollton.
"August 2nd, 1826."
* For this valuable historical relic we are indebted to our esteemed citizen, Alexander M. Carter, Esq.
385 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
ETABLISHED 183
.WICK &
NOWVARD ST., BALTI
MANUFACTURERS OF
or FUTRNI     AND
USTERY 
WOOD MANTELS AND MIRRORS
IN GILT OR WOOD FRAMES,
OFFICE and BANK FITTINGS,
IMPORTERS and DEALERS IN
ILACE CURtTAINS, SATIN DANASKS
And all Descriptions of Upholstery Goods
AND
FRENCH FURNITURE,
LAMBREQUINS AND CUR'TAINtS
Of the Richest Style and from Original Designs-.
386
U      O L T 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
Established 1800.
HIENRY W. JENTEINS.                   THOMAS W. JENKINS.
HENRY W. JENKINS & SON,
No. 16 Light Street, Baltimore.
abie,Pt  AC TIC  -ios,erers
Cabinet: Makers and Upholsterers.
MANUFACTURERS of M ANTELS, DOORS, CABINET,
Bank, Office and Church Furniture to Order.
UPHOLSTERING IN ALL ITS BRANCHES.
The Oldest Furniture Establishment in Baltimore.
DESIGNS FURNISHED.
387 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
S Pb E   C
ESTABLISHED
THE ONL Y HO-USE IN THE CITY
LINEN, COTTON AND CAMBRIC UNDERW
Infants' Wear of all kinds,       Chil
-DRESSES AND CLOAKS, of Ladies' 
24 Hours, at Popular Prices and in Latest
E. N. SPENCER,
69 LEXINGTON STREET, BALTIMORE.
BROTHERS,
and Dealers in
AND
Sanufacturers' Goods
BALTIMORE.
A. & H. J. ALBERT,
',W/,&LL P APUREtl D>EGRATIQNS
WINDOW SHADES, CORNICES, &c.
Always on hand the Latest Styles of French and American Paper HIangings,
No. 18 NORTH EUTAW STREET,
CORNER FAYETTE STREET,    *!
-'    "Jaltimore<,
Jm m.dorte  fAln fturer_
uf~~ata&J.P      0d  M.I
388
6 Doors West of Charles St.
COAKLEY
Importers
WC 
Shoe
X!0
[See pages 161, 162.]
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Of) 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
WYMAN, BYRD
Commission Merchants and Agents for
DOMESTIC COTTONS & WOOLENS,
16 HANO VER STREET,
Saimuel G. Wyman.
George II. Byrd.
Jamies (C. Smiith.
Chairles Wyman.
ymahn.                          Baltimore.
('herles   )
STRAI 3SS B ROTHER
FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC
O D Si
14 Hanover Street,
JUNGHEIN & BURKHARD,
21 anRtfactueie,s of all kinds of
SHOW CASES,
COTTON BROKER, 
No. 6 South Gay Street,
No. 27 McCLELLAN'S ALLEY.
BALTIMORE.
390
a Co.
:Baltimnore.
JOBBB:RBS IN
%O
Baltimore.
GEO. R. GAITHER,
-.. I
Baltimore 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
ESTABLISHED 1847.
l). AI'EL E. S              HIPL E  F.
SHIPLEY, ROANE & CO.
Manufacturers andl Jobbers of
MIEN'S YOUTH'S and BOYS'
CLOTH IN G
rW. BALTIMORE ST.
BALTIMORE.
391
HENR_F /. IOdN;E.
9
NYo. 303  
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
Southern Branchl
OF
E. REMHN TON & SONS'
ARMORY and WORKS,
No. 47 N. Charles Street,
WM. H. TYLER, Manager.
Machines,
Fire Arns,
'_Type Writers.
+
This office is opened for the especial benefit of, and as distributing point
for Baltimore and the Southern States. Our Sewing Machines are unsurpassed for their Eleygant and Substantial Appearance, we making no Plain
Machines, but selling Cheaper than others; and they make less noise, and
require less physical power to operate than any other Shuttle Machine. The
sales have increased over seventy per cent. per annum/ for the past three years.
The Fire Arms are known the world over as possessiny the best mnaterial
points of excellence, and include all kinds of
BREECH-LOADING RIFLES, SHOT GUNS,
RIFLE CANES,
Parlor and Saloon Rifles, Army, Belt and Pocket Revolvers,
PISTOLS, AMMUNITION, &c.
The TYPE WRITER is just what every business man wants, and all who
have wqriting to do.  Legal and all kinds of Copying solicited, and done for
one-half the cost by the Pen.  It writes one hun(lred words per minute, makes
a perfect press copy, and by the manifolding process twenty copies can be
taken at one time.
4
393
Neiarinrt 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
BRANCH o7FFICE
FOR
CHAMPION REAPING ~ MOWING MACHINES,
Manufactured at SPRINGFIELD, 0HIO0.
0. HI  I~EE,~   3  xi.
Nos. 54 and 56 Light Street, Baltimore.
31,000 CAMPION  MACHINIES SOLD FOR 1875 HIIARVEST.
40,000 MANUFACTURED FOR 1876 HARVEST.
The only house in Baltimore making a specialty of Reapers and Mowers.
The best made, most durable machines in the market.
3(34 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
R. J. BAKER.                            R. J. ROLLINGSWORTH.
R. J. BAKER & CO.PS
ER T TILIZ]ERBS,
P:-RE FIN-E G-ROUND BO0NE,
SUPER-PHOSPHATE OF LIME,          PURE DISSOLVED BONE ASH.
)66~ Oil Vitriol; German Potash Salts; Pure Chemicals for making SuperPhosphate, at the lowest market price. Call at
R. J. BAKER & ao.'s
:a6 and:3-  S. Charles St., Baltimore.
LSee page 224.]
HOUSE ESTABLISHED I78I.
i. SINCLAIR & CO.
MANUFACTURERS OF STANDARD
Farm Implements and Machiinery.
SINCLAIR & CO.'S IMPROVED CORN PLANTERS.
SINCLAIR & CO.'S FEED CUTTERS-10 SIZES.    ALL KINDS
CLIPPER SELF DUMP SULKY-RAKES.            OF
STAR LEVER RAKES.             HIorticultural Tools.
REAPERS AND MiOWERS.
PELTON HORSE POWERS-4, 6,8 AND 10 HORSE.
CIARTER OAK    TWO-HORSE SWEEP POWERS.
SULKY CULTIVATORS.
LAWN m OW E RS         s. & co.'s GRAIN CRADLES.
ARE THE BEST.         CORN SHELLERS, AIMERICAN POKES, &c.
21D I~.~'' "...~S   IN:',
Field Seeds, all kinds cf Garden and Pruning Tools, Trees, Plants, &c
Address           ]R. SINCLAIR & CO.
Factory, Federal Hill.            62 Light St., Baltimore.
=Catalogues mailed upon application.
JOH n' C.     BI?W. D-RBAORO,AD.'HA.YIV IrD.
J. C. DUIRO3ROx - & CcO.
No. 55 LICHT STREET,
MANAGERS OF BALTIMORE BRANCH HOUSE FOR
KIRBY MOWERS AND REAPERS,
Also, Wholesale and Retail Dealers in the following Specialties:
TAYLOR'S DRY-STEAM PORTABLE ENGINE,
CYLINDER USING DRY STEAM.
Harman Wheel Horse Rakes, Philadelphia Lawn  Mowers, Ball's Steel, Cast and
Combination Plows, Kinyon's Celebrated Meat Choppers, Improved Threshers and
Cleaners, Choice FIELD SEEDS, Fertilizers and Agricultural Implements generally.
MSend for Circulars and Price-List to  J. C. DURBOROW  & CO.
:r=. _5                                                MZ=-r EI. STRAIT,  3vO.
395 
THE MONIUMENTAL CITY,
J. WEATHERBY & SONS,
1, ad 13a NOR.T,R  LTN-,RTYS StTRUUTT
B ALTIIM O RE.
DEfiLERS IA"
HEATING % COOKING APPARATUS
Of the Most Approved Patterns.
MANUFACTURERS OF
BOSLEY'S PATENT LOW-PRESSURE
Chtilson's Improved Coite Furntaces,
Chilsoi'ts Cooking Ranges,
Boynton's Cast Iron Furnaces,
Boynton's Wrought Iron Furnaces,
Boynton's Fire Place Heaters.
A FULL ASSORTMENT OF
COOKING AND HEATING STOVES,
PARLOR GRATES, &c., &c., on hand.
1SPECIAL ATTENTION CIVEN TO
Heating and Ventilating Public Buildings, or Private Dwellings,
In any part of the Conntry, and
ENTIRE SATISFACTION GUARANTEED.
396
I 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
WM. E. WOOD & CO.
Southwest Corner Baltimore and Eutaw Streets,
Manufacture at their Foundry in this City, from their own Patterns, GOLD'S PATENT
STEAM HEATING AkPPARATUS; WOOD'S PATENT DIRECT RADIATOR; WOOD'S PATENT
GOLD MIEDAL HOT AIR FURNACES, 8 sizes; WOOD'S PATENT FIRE PLACE HEATERS,
PARLOR SUN and LIGHTNING HEATERS; WOOD'S PATENT PARIS POLISHED FRONT LOW
OVEN RANGES, and CENTENNIAL UPPER OVEN RANGES, 4 sizes each.
MThe "STAR," "BEST," "CRICKET," and a great variety of
STANI)DARDI HEAT AND COOK STOVES,
-And Stove Hollow Ware.
Also, CONTRACTORS FOR STEAM HEATING, VENTILATING AND PLUMBING.
DEALERS IN GAS FIXUTRES, MACHINISTS AND PLUMBERS' SUPPLIES.
[See page 212.]
Baltimore Coal Tar and Manufacturing Co.
2AANVU.FACTU-ERS OF AND DE.ALERS.L ALL
COAL TAR PRODUCTS,
CARBOLATE OF LIME, CARBOLIC ACID,
TIN CANS OF ALL KINDS,
Wo. 33 Camnden Sft-eet,
WORKS AT FOOT OF LEADENHALL STREET,
C. HART SMITH, Pres't.                          BAL IO
THE "IIPROVED PLASTIC SLATE ROOFING,"
PATE3NTZD IDT 1866
Warranted Fire and Water Proof. Insures at same rates as Metal Roofing. Special
advantages over all other kinds of Roofing.
H. NOBLE]  & CO., Manufoacturers,
Office, No. 3 Post Office Avenne, Baltimore,
DEALERS IN ALL KINDS OF
ROOFING MATERIAL, SLATE FLOUR, BUILDING PAPER, &C.
M. GAULT & SON,
432 W. Pratt Street, Baltimore.
ROOFIN xL3:E
Sold by Cargo, Car-Load or smaller quantity. Put on in all parts of the country-Plain
or Fancy. SLATERS' NAILS, Plain and Galvanized; TIN, and ROSIN-SIZED FELT.
CRANITE CUT TO ORDER,
FoRt HOUSE AND CEMETERY WORK.
NORTH RIVER BLUE STONE FLAGGING.
SLATE ROOFOS KC-VOTIVV TO HAVE LASTED SEVERAL CENTURiES.
397 
398              THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
JAMES BOYCE,
Miller and Shipper of
GEORGE'S CREEK CUMBERLAND COAL,
From the MIines of the
Frainklin and George's Creek Mining Company,
ALISO,
FAIR[ONT, GASTON and YOUGKIEGHENY
GAS COAL,
SHIPPING WHARVES,          Aterica Biiliy,
OFFICES    or.. Balto. & So,t7 Sts., Balto
71 Broadway Neir York.
LOCUST POINT, BALTO.               9 Kilby Str-eet, Boston.
WM. ORTWINE                            EUGENE D. ROBINSON.
ORTWINE E ROBINSON,
MANUFACTUR:ERS OF
All ki7lds of Building Bricks, Hollows, iounids, Angle alnd Fa7cy Brickls of every desecription,,
OFFICE, No. 1 N. EUTAW STRIEET, BALTIMORE.
Orders Solicited.   Yard —-South Side Washington Road.
MICHAEL ROCHE,
BUILDER < CONTRACTOR,
No. 67 West Centre Strict,
BALTIMORE. 
Offlee at Safe Dep)osit (
Nos. 9, 11 anS
BALTI
]B. I'. STAR,
SE.O,    WOLFSHEI   ER,
-oEAL
S. WOLFSHEIMIER,
: ~WHOLESALE
CT OTIHERv
co
m
RC
- I
cn
JOSEPH G. LOANE,
Late of M. A. Sisson & Co.,
Contractors and Biilders of City Hall.
GENERAL
Contractor  and  Builder,
46 W. FAYETTE STREET,
-Qe pp. 33, 316-1-18S.]   Under Chesapeake Bank,.
/,ee Page 242.
173 NORTH ST.
288 W. Baltimore St.
BALTIMORE. 
THE MO0NUMENTAL CITY,
OFFICERS OF THE
FOc 1S76.
PRESIDE~l,'T,...
FIRST FICE-PRESIDENT, -
SEC'COND VICE-PRF,SIDENT,  -
TREJSU RER,   -   -   -
S~ECRE~R YI, -   -   -   -
E~,VECUTI E COMZITTEE.
Jas. EtF O x,
BOABD OF DIRECTORS.
Jas. Knox,
F. D. Fzllertor,
HWmo. B. Howard,
E. D. Bifelow,
Jacob D. 2fiichael,
Qualification for membership requires the applicant to be a citizen of the State engaged
in business in Baltimore, and election by the Board of Directors. The present charge for
membership is one hundred dollars initiation fee. Premiums for the choice of tables,
ranging from five to ninety-five dollars. The roll of membership for the year 1875 contained four hundred and seventy-seven names.                           MSee  page 135.
OFFICERS FOR 1879-76.
PRESIDENT,
J. HALL PLEASANTS.
VIRCE-iRESIDENTS,
HIRAM WOODS,       D. H. MILLER,
TiREASURIER,
J. STRICKER JENKINS.
SECRETARY,
GEORGE U. PORTER.
DIRECTORS-1875-76.
S. P. THOMPSON,
A. FULLER CRANE,
ANDREW REID,
DAVID L. BARTLETT,
GEORGE P. FRICK,
W. H. PEROT,
W. S. YOUNG,
GEO. H. BAER,
I[SoEner A. FISHER,
P. H. MAACGILL,
JAS. CAREY COALE,
JOSEPH H. RIIEMAN,
HAMILTON EASTER,
W. W. SPENCE,
EUGENE LEVERING,
PHILIP T. GEORGE,
[See page 61.]
400
-           hChas. D.  Fisher.
-     Tr. B  JMcdtee.
-         Geo. H. Baer.
-     R. Mo.  ry.lie.
-         Tuzri. F.  Wh/heatley.
J. B. Hall,
W. D. Fullerton~.
Chas. D. Fisher,
TF. B. lcdltee,
Geo. H  Baer,
R2. J.IY. qyl ie,
J. B. Hall,
J. I. JMiddleton,
Jarye,s Lake,
Geo. T. Kenly,
A.  B. Graves,
J. S. M/erritt.
.11                                                                                                                                                              5
ISRAEL -). PARR,
HENRY C. SMITHt.
J. R. SEEMULLER,
J. B. BRINKLEY,
HOLLINS McKIm,
STEPHEN BONSAL,
C. MORTON STEWART,
CHR.ISTIAN Ax,
W. H. COLE,
W. B. MCATEE. 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.                 401
DANIEL F. POPE.                                               M. J. OWENS.
POPE & OE-S
PRODUCE COMMISSION MERCHANTS,
BUTTER, EGGS, POULTRY,
35 South Street,
Ief,er by Pe?,mission: 
FirstNational Bank, Baltimore.
Western National Bank, Baltimore.               BALTIMORE.
National Bank of the Republic, Washington, D. C. 
I. M. Parr & Son, Baltimore.  n
BRANCE HOUSE, OWENS k POPE, 903 LOUISIANA AVENUE, WASHINGTON, D. C.
CASSARD BROTHERS a CO.
PRv   wMR  AT
AND
LARD REFINERS,
No. 61 South Street, Baltimore.
[See page 110.]
.'. RIEA..IFfN-R..RY RIEMAN, IJ).  [ 01 WAR,D ltRIEMAN.
WNVM. J. RIEMAN & SONS,
(Packing House, Terre Haute, Indiana.)
PORK PACKERS
AND
Provision and Commission Merchants,
No. 57 GERMAN STREET,
BALTIMORE.
Curers ol the "Orange Brand" Ham. 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
JEIE L~I_ZEAI & CO).
LIlPOR7'ERS AN~D JOBBERS OF
Coffee, Sugar, Molasses, Rice,
AND PROPRIETORS OF THE
Baltimore City Roasted Coffee and Spice Mills,
No. 11 COMMERCE ST.
,Jese Lazear.
J.'B. Lazear.
W. L. Lazear.                           Baltimore.
ME'STABLISHTEMD 1892
EWCOMER & CO.
FLOUR AND CRAIN
omission Merchants,
Nos. 15 ani(. 1(; SPEAR'S WHAR_F,
BALTIMORE.
B. F. Newcomer.
Wrn. J. Do)vle.
Jno. Shaulion.
W. JUDSON BROWN.
fI.B, ro(). n, G r   rg-_&C,
CO-MMISSION MERCHANTS,
84 SOUTH STREET,
BALITIMORE.
E. T. RINEHART.  B. I. WHITTELSEY.  B. E. CHILDS.
RINEHART, CHILDS & CO.
FLOUR AND GRAIN
Commission Merchants,
155 N. HOWARD  STREFT,
BALTIMORE.
40E2
W. BP. GR,AVES.
S. P. RYLAND, JR.
I 
ITS PA3T HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
JORDAN STABLER,
Importer, Jobber and Retailer of
Corner of Eutaw, Madison and Garden Streets, Baltimore.
T. M. REESE                 X. S. REESE.                WALTER REESE.
T. M. REESE & SONS,
99  ~. Charles Street, Baitinore.
RETTAIERS O)F
The finest and most carefully selected
STAPLE and FANCY (BO0CERIES,
(FOR GENERAL FAMILY ISE.)
[)OTATOES, FOREIGN- AN-D DOMESTIC FRUTTS Ax) D u,s. HAVAN A
CIIGAR S. >_\i[('ES CATSUPS, i:?. (Q0. 
-404           THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
R. COURTNEY & BRO.
IMPORTERS,
Wines, Brandies, Havana Cigars,
Teas and Choice Groceries.
14 C. CHARLES S'., BALTIMORE.
JAMIES H. F. HISER,
N. E. Cor. Druid Hill Avenue and Dolphin St.
BALTIMORE.
H. A. WAIDNERt & C,O.
1ANUFACTURERS'  GENTS
AND
General Merchandise Brokers,
CANNED GOODS A SPECIALTY.
4I German Street, Baltimore.
W. H..EIN.RD,
WM. H. REINHARDT,                  KEEN & HAGERTY,
'[anufacturer of               WvOLESALE
Patent Glass Pad Truss,  ~in an,  Japaunt,              tare,
Shoulder Braces, Abdominial Supporters  AI.,,,r... er,s a ~tol  (al6, i
AND                  Tii Plate, Sheet Iron, Hlardware, &c.
Soft and Wooden Pad Trusses,       Nole Ayg(e)t.s foi
"EXCELSIOR" LIGHT HOLLOW WARE,
iO N. GAY ST., BALTI!WORE.
30 SOUTH CALVERT ST.
Femiale Department under the Superintendence
iT rs. Reinhardt.             Cor. Water Street.  (See p. 200,)  BALTO. 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
GREAT IMPROVEMENT IN REFRIGERATORS
THE BALTIMORE CLIMAX,
Refrigerator & Water Cooler Combined,
Patented Dec. 2, 1873-Juone 1, 1S8,5.
SEBLF —:PRIFYING.
So f1?tsty o0 Tainted Odors —So Drip-Paen to soil the Carpet.
Manulfactured and for sale by
R. ARATIGE,R & SON,
12 SECOND STREET.
Send for Catalogj/e and Pric List.
\\              i
i~'
JOSHUA ROBINSON,
Manufacturer  and Dealer inii
Tin Ware, Japan, Plain Block Tin, Britannia Ware,
RANGES, COOK STOVES, HEATERS,
dni?d HTO USEkEEPING dR 1ICLES iit Genera;1,
Wholesale and Retail,
368 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore.
J. HIENRY  ETIP,
HOUSEKEEPERSP EMPORIUM,
143 West Fayette Street, near Howard,
MIANUFACTURER OF
,",L,ATN AND   XXPIN,D   rz GIu[                   s
In its greatest v ariety, which has long been celebrated for its finish and qtlality. AGENTS  FOR
"THE DOWNER MINERAL SPERM ILLUMIINATING OIL,"
FIRE TEST 300'.
SPOUTING and all11 kinds of IRE-PAIRS.
Wooden and Willow Ware and Fancy Coods.
E. L. H. CEICER,
ManlIfactllree and Dealer in
ST OV  S,
Tin and Sheet IronWare
AAND
112 Niorth Howard  Street  Corner  lthilberry,
BALTIMORE.
405
c;
m
. -
C-,
E
r,....;...::} ==.==
11
4>
HOUSE FURNISHING GOODS,
79w
9 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
Baltimore Retort  Fire Brick Works
0
~~~I 
0
I I
..-I
0
0
6f)
C.)
0
~o
-r-4
0
i   )
0
0
I
Ca
C.
B~A
______ I Ill//Ir r
GEO. C. HICKS & Co.
[See page 247.1
106.
GEO. 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
DIX & WIJKINS.
Importers and Dealers in FOREIGN  FRUITS,
NO. 123 W. LOMBARD STREET, BALTIMORE.
ESTABLISHED IN 1820.
GEO. N. MACKENZIE & CO.
SOLE SUCCESSORS OF
Thos. lachk-enizie & Sons and lakeczie Bros.
Importers and Wholesale Dealers in
SADDLERY HARDWARE,
Comprising everything in the line.
No House in the United States can offer a better
assorted Stock on better terms.
Oriders by Mail receive ProM, t  Personal Attention.
NO. 18 SOUTH CHARLES STREET,
BALTIMORE.
ALFRtED;EITZINS, JR.                   ROBERT H. JENZINS.
EDW. JENKINS &
IIPORTERS AND DEALERS IN
aige anld Saddery
Carriage an   Balardw re
No. I8o W. Baltimore Street,
BALTIMORE.
HENRY R. CHAMPAYNE,
and Express Wagon
MANUFACTURER,
No. 84 German Street,
Bct,:i. Iqta;), and Paca sts.  BALTIMORE.
[-SEC(OND-HAND CARRIAGES FOR SALE OR
EXCHAN(-E.
407
WILLARD C. WILKINS
,1. FRA-NIs L,IN  DIX.
I
O.N,     ACKENI
E. AU:STINT:EITZI.-,
SONS,
are,
Carriage 
THE MIONUMIENTAL CITY,
JOSEPH RENSHA7W,
MAN UFACT URER OF EVERY DESCRIPTION OF
T l:,  C a S, & C.
No.'3 Xorth Calve)t Street, Baltimore.
Keeps constantly on hand a good assortment of the above, made of the best material and
workmanship, at the lowest prices. Repairing promptly attended to. All work warranted.
E* MN l   3E:L.]%ft. J 4* 
Madison Avenue Stables,
Nos. 3 and 5 ORCHARD ST.,
Near Madison Avenue.
FORT HIRE-Horses and Carriages of every description,
including handsome Coaches for Weddings, Concerts,
Shopping, &c., at moderate prices.
Also, Horses and Carriages kept at LIIVERY', by the
B y   Jo V X ~ % ~   ~ a (lday, week, or month.
.... BOOK ACCOUNTS PAYABLE MONTHLY.
GUSTAV KTUG,
(Successor to A. MER &EEll &  RUG,)
:M/a=:L:fact=:rer of ~! ~Descrlptio~:;   of
S. W. Corner of Saratoga and Jasper Streets,
BETWEEN EUTAW AND PACA.
Wrought and Cast Iron RAILINGS, DOORS, SHUTTERS and SAFES. Contracts
filled for city and country. Information furnished. One of the oldest established houses
in its line in BALTIMORE
JOHN G. HIETZELL,
METALIC ROOFING AND SPOUTING,
_____~ id  __ ___  __         ~Manufacturer of Galvanized Iron Cornices
and Lintels, made according to Architects'
Drawings. Also Hayes' Patent Ventilating
~w~~~~         fire-proof Skylights,Con-ervatories, and other
ll![[ l Glazed Structures.
N.' E.__: HOWAR  ALL L NORK WARNR           ANTED,
N.E. COR. HOWARD AND LEXINCTON STREETS, BALTIMORE.
40S
(At +ligs +xrs t4agn 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.         409
JACOB B. THOMAS.                               JOHN L. LAWTON.
JOSEPH THOMAS & SON7
EST I'AI"LISHED 18,20.
MARYLAND  MOULDING, TURNING $  SAWING  WORKS,
MANMUFACTURERS OF
Builders' Material, Hardwood Finish for Dwellings,
CHURCH, OFFICE AND BANK FURNITURE.
p-,~~~~~~~~~~~                          m
FOR CHARACTER OF WORKMIANSHIP, SEE
CITY COUNCIL CHAMBERS,
ENG. UTHERAN AND GRACE CHURCHES, LANVALE ST.,
STE A MER FLORIDA OF BAY LINE,
NATIONAL MECHANICS' BANK,
NEW AMERICAN OFFICE.
Factory-Leadenhall &  Montgomery Streets,)
Warerooms-32 Park Avenue,                         BALTIMORE.
Hardwood Yard-217 S. Eutaw Street,             )
SEE PAGE 193.
or. Es. DA~IS &  C(O
Manufacturers of all kinds of IRON RAILING, BALCONIES,
cn                              V2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~a   a
CM;
3 A~~_ ="~~~~~~~~~Ii  [I     1  J
No. 41 CLAY ST., near Park, Baltimore. 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
THOMSEN & IMUTH,
Nos. 14 and 16 German Street,...... Baltimore,
First Double Warehouse East of Hanover Street,
IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS IN
DRUGS, CHEMICALS, PAINTS, PAINT BRUSHES, &C.
W HOLE SALE DEALERS I N
Dye Wood Extracts, Madder, Indigo, Dye Stuffs and Dry Salter's Chemicals.
AGENTS FOR
The CELEBRATED ANILINE COLORS, manufactured by the BADISChE ANILINE
FABRIK,.....    LUDWIGSHIAFEN, GERMANY.
A FULL ASSORTMENT OF
Popular Perfumery of Foreign and Domestic manufacture, Hair, Tooth, Nail and other
Toilet Brushes, Combs, and a general line of Druggists' Fancy Goods.
SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN TO
DRUGGISTS' SHOP FURNITURE AND FITTING UP NEW STORES.
Depot for AVittes' Imperishable  Enameled Ware.
Elegant French Boxed Counter Scales in ornamented Marble, Walnut and Rosewood
Boxes.
AGENTS FOR
TROENMER'S CELEBRATED COUNTER AND PRESCIPTION SCALES.
Having recently built and fitted up with every convenience, our present warehouse,
14 and 16 GERMAN STREET, we will continue to fill orders promptly and in a reliable
manner.
THOMSEN & MUTH, Baltimore.
B F. SMITH.                W. A. HANWAY.                 W. P. CLOTWORTHY.
SMITH, HANWAY & CO., WHOLESALE DRUGGISTS,
No. S SOUTH HO%UARD STREET, BALTIMORIE.
This firm are the originators and sole proprietors of the "PATAPSOo BAKING POWDE~"
They introduced this Powder on the market only about a year ago; since then it has
attained GREAT CELEBRITY. They claim superiority for it on account of its merit and
economy in price. It is also claimed for this Powder that it will stand exposure to the
atmosphere of any climate, and hence it is sold largely in bulk, though they put it up in
any desired style of package.
This firm are also proprietors of "KASTYOYLE," a sweet or tasteless Castor Oil which is
also very popular. It is claimed for this article, that it retains all the medicinal virtue
of the Castor Oil, but the nauseous taste is removed and it is made sweet and pleasant to
take.
IF[A  CEE 3t                                            EIF,.
Cor. BALTIMOIE and EUTAW SIEETS,       Opposite Eutaw House.
BALTI OE PE.
DEALER IN THE CHOICEST
nulie                        I(tleltrnt foil the Teeth.
''                       ~' I)onollien.t," mesh  chtaplped  hands and face,
BRUSHES, SPONGES, SOAPS,.                                                AND OTIIERS.
"Ihysi('ians prescriptions  and orders  careSODA, VICHY, KISSENGEN and other  INERAL WATERS.    fully and promptly dispensed.
410
SPECIALTIES. 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RIESOURCES.
A VALUABLE
Dr. C. W. BENSON, a practicing physician, at 106 North Eutaw Street,
Baltimore, MId., (who has paid much attention to nervous diseases,) has
discovered that extract of celery and chamomile combinled, in a certain proportion, invariably cures headache, either bilious, dyspeptic, nervous or sick
headache, neuraligia and nervousness. This is a triumnph in medical chemistry,
and sufferers all over the country are ordering by mail. He prepares in pills
at 50 cents per box. The Doctor is largely known and highly respected in
Baltimore.-Episcop)al  /iet7o(list.
These pills are sent postage free to any address  and sold by all wholesale
and retail druggists.
S. E. Corner of Baltimore and Charles Sts.
Agency & Depository for French Medicinal Preparations.
WM. P. SMITH.      JOSEPH T. PEIRSON.    D. PINKNEY WEST.
BALTIMORE  DETECTIVE  POLICE AGENCY,
SMAITl, PEIRSON & WEST,
WILL DEVOTE THEIR ATTENTION TO
THE DETECTION OF CRIMES,
(omnmitted upon Railroads, Banks, Insurance Companies, &c.
And also do a General Detective Business; will arrest and return Criminals from any part
of the United States; will assist Attorneys in procuring testimony, &c.,
attend also to the collection of claims.
25 NORTH CALVERT STREET, CORNER LEXINGTON, BALTIMORE.
hL                         r   I I                         e   eA ge
Cor. BALTIMORE ana CHARLES STS., BALTIMORE.
3FL* En D3lN* d Cab
This Establish'ment supplies (to subscribers 07only,) all necessary information as to the
standi7ig, responsibility, &c., of Merchants, Traders, Manufacturers, Public Companies, &c.,
throughout the United Stactes, their Territories and British North America.
Also makes collections and attends to legal business generally.  tt is the oldest and by
far the most comnplete and extensive system ever organized for the acco,mmodation of Bankiny
and Mercantile interests, and for the general promotion and protection of trade.
WM. G. SCARLETT, Resident Partner.
BRANCH  OFFICES IN  ALL THE LEADING  CITIES OF  THE  COUNTIY.
411
DISCOVERY.
0o.3x.:EIO         1 CHP~
tRARS M~~~~~~~e~~vyT ~~I iTt 
THE AIONUMENTAL CITY,
*  _
0
~
4a: \
cri
Z
~
Z
~
<)
GC
,  i
c I
'IL
""' l)Thj         0
~'I' I'
BRONVN BROTHERS &
59 Wall Street, New York.
Bills of Exchange on
Great Britain and Ireland.
COMMlERCIAL AND TRAVELLING CREDITS ISSUED,
Available in any Part of the World.
Telegraphic Transfers of Money
MADE TO AND FROM
LONDON AND LIVERPOOL.
l~Advances  Made on Cotton and other Produce.
41,2
(n'
bD
n
Co. 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
J. J. NICHOLSON
& SONS,
N K E R
284 Baltimore Street,
Between Hanover and Sharp.
!-See page 270.]
B           I        - -i ilt
Xo. 15 SotAl Street, opposite German, St.
CHARLES J. BAKER, President.
S. SPRIGG BELT, Cashier.
DIRECTO IRS:
WILLIAMl SEEMULLER,
ALEXANDER SHAW.
[GNee page 263.1
ea Sr et % —  li -  t 5VX   aP t 1 a n-) aF  I, II- -3 a;k 
OF B.LTI'O E
SOUTH WEST CO~NER GAY AND SECOND STREETS,.
CHARTERED 1834.
ALEX. H. STUMP  Pres't.
WM. L. G ILL, Cashier.
DIRECTORS:
.lexa7tder H. H S.Z5Pit7,).
W'i. H. Grah? e,r,.
,io0sep7)h  P. Ellio[tt,
,losel-)I  Cits7hii, JT7,
,o  -1,7, J.f.  C7'ie~i,.
Rtobert~. Fishi,er.
-L. Ii. -C,7,t7W,7t   Ther.
413
S
J
FRA1:L I 
ROBE RT TURNER,
GERMNAN H. HUNT,
GEORGE SANDERS,
CHARLES WEBB,
HUGHEI SISSON,
[See page 272.] 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
REVERDY JOHNSON.
TIE distinguished life and public services of MIr. REVERDY JOHINSON induced us to
make special notice of him in our comments upon the Bar of the City and State in the
first edition of our work, (see page 74.) Although, then, almost an octogenarian, he was
apparently as vigorous as he ever was, both in mind and body. The labors and the
excitements incident to the high and responsible offices he has filled had never, in the
slightest degree, abated his ardent love of the profession he had made his own, and the
power and dignity of which he had done so much to illustrate.
Returning from his mission as Mlinister to England in 1869, he had quietly resumed
the practice of Law, and his services were eagerly sought for the trial of important causes,
414 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
as they had been years before, in Maryland and in other parts of the country. Few persons, indeed, whlo did not know Mr. Johnson personally, would credit the fact of his
very advanced age, and wherever he went, or wherever he was heard, he commanded the
most marked attention. Almost the last of the living contemporaries of Pinkney, Wirt
and Taney, of our own ever-memorable Bar, and of Clay, Webster and Calhoun in the
Senate of the United States, he was looked upon, both by lawyers and politicians, with a
reverence seldom now accorded to any man. He had outlived all partisan bitterness and
jealousy, and was so far removed from current political influences, that his views and
opinions upon the leading questions of the day were taken, not merely as the quick
perceptions of his wonderful intellect, but as the calm results of the study and experience
of half a century. The life of one so gifted and so useful to his fellow-citizens was,
as we thought, very properly referred to, among the objects of our State and city pride.
His recent and lamentable death certainly claims at our hands some tribute to his memory.
A biography, and the relation of the important and interesting events in the history of the
State and the country with which his name is associated, will doubtless be written. But
we feel that we should not do justice to our own book, if we omitted to record in its pages
the prominent physical and intellectual features of this very remarkable man.
Mr. Johnson was born at Annapolis, Maryland, on the 21st of May, 1796, and con sequently, at the time of his death, on the 10th of February last, was within four months
of the completion of his eightieth year. His family were among the very early settlers in
Maryland, and some of its members had held prominent positions under the Colonial
Government. His father, John Johnson, was an eminent lawyer, who, after serving in
both Houses of the General Assembly, was successively Attorney General, Judge of the
Court of Appeals, and Chancellor of the State. His mother was the daughter of Reverdy
Ghiselin, long and well known as the Commissioner of the Land Office. at Annapolis.
Educated at St. John's College, in his native town, Reverdy Johnson entered the Gram mar School at six and left the institution at sixteen years of age.  He immediately com menced reading law under the direction of h.s father, and was afterwards, for a while, a
student in the office of the late Judge Stephen.  He was admitted to the Bar andl began
practice in Prince George's county, in the village of Upper MIarlborough, in 1816, when
only in his twentieth year. Although thus under age, he wvas appointed by the then
Attorney General his Deputy for the Judicial District, and performed the duties of that
responsible office in the most creditable manner until November, 1817, when he removed
to Baltimore and started in his career as a lawyer, which for brilliancy and success has
seldom been equalled. Developing thus early that vigor of intellect and force of char acter which so distinguished him, he took at once an excellent position; and notwith standing his youth, was recognized by lawyers and laymen as a man of unusual ability.
He became, very soon, the professional associate and intimate companion of Robt. Goodloe
Harper, Luther Martin, William Pinkney, Roger B. Taney, William H. Winder and
others, who had already made the Bar of Maryland famous.  Laboring with untiring
energy and earnestness of purpose, Mr. Johnson obtained a large and lucrative practice,
which, to the day of his death, was only interrupted by the discharge of his various
public duties. In 1821 he was elected to the State Senate for a term of five years, and
was re-elected for another term, but, after serving two years of the second term, he re  signed, that he might give more exclusive attention to his practice Although frequently
urged to do so, he always refused to be a candidate for the House of Representatives, and
never held a seat in that body. In [845, however, he was elected to the Senate of the
United States, and soon took a conspicuous place among its leading members. In 1849
President Taylor offered him the position of Attorney General, which he accepted and
filled with distinction until the accession of Mr. Fillmore, when he resigned and resumed
his practice. From that time his fame as a lawyer became national, and he was retained
415 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
on one side or the other of almost every important cause in the Courts of Maryland and
in the Supreme Court at Washington. His advice and services were sought from distant
States, and his appearance in Court in Connecticut and New York, in Missouri, Louisiana,
California and elsewhere, in cases involving large interests and the most intricate questions of law, is a part of the history of the profession in America. In 1854 he was employed by an English House to argue a case before the joint English and American Claims
Commission, then sitting in London under the provisions of an international treaty. Mr.
Johnson there had as his associate the late Lord Chancellor Cairns, who was then in the
House of Commons, and a leading member of the English Chancery Bar. Mr. Johnson
had visited England and travelled in Europe, some years before, when comparatively
unknown, but on this occasion he received very great attention from public men and
members of the English Bar. Returning home, he was unceasingly engaged with his
immense practice, and took no active part in public matters until in the winter of 1860-61,
when he was forced to do so by the exigencies of that memorable period. He was chosen
one of the Delegates from Maryland to the Peace Convention which assembled in Washington. Although avowing himself a Union man, and utterly repudiating the doctrine
of secession as a constitutional right, Mr. Johnson was conspicuous in that Convention
for his earnest and eloquent efforts to avert the threatening calamities of civil war by
measures of compromise and conciliation; and it was only when all hope of a peaceful
adjustment of the sectional difficulties had vanished,. that he advocated the preservation
of the Federal Government by its military power. When the supremacy of that power
was re-established, Mr. Johnson was among the first and most determined defenders of the
rights of the Southern States to be restored to their former places and privileges. In the
winter of 1862-63, when the war fever was at its height, the Legislature of Maryland elected
Ir. Johnson to the Senate, and he resumed his seat in that body after an absence of fourteen years. He participated in all the great debates, and though by no means a party
man, and not always acting with the Democrats, he was invariably found in the front
rank of those who resisted extreme and cruel measures of oppression and retaliation
towards the Southern people. In 1868 President Johnson appointed him Minister to
England, and during his official residence in that country he was the recipient of attentions never before paid to an American Ambassador. The settlement of the "Alabama
Claims," which then excited the temper and severely taxed the self-control of both nations,
was a very difficult task for Diplomacy, and, although the treaty negotiated between Mr.
Johnson and Lord Clarendon was not ratified by the American Senate, it is universally
conceded that the agreements it involved accomplished the great object-that of preventing war-while the subsequent arrangement of the mode in which those agreements were
to be enforced, gave no additional security for peace, and established no new principle
whatever.
With the advent of President Grant's administration, Mr. Johnson's recall from London
became a matter of course, and in the fall of 1869 he was again in Baltimore, engaged as
formerly, in the daily occupation of his profession. Although past the period of life when
most men of competent fortune seek the retirement and ease of their homes, and abandon
the cares and anxieties of business, Mr. Johnson manifested, even then, no such disposition. He was as ready as ever to undertake the trial of any case of sufficient importance
to justify his employment by a litigant, or in which he was asked to defend the cause of
public or of private justice.
One of the many unhappy results of the civil war, and of the attempted reconstruction
of the States, in their relation to the General Government, was the frequent exercise of
powers never before recognized, and the discussion of Constitutional questions never previously raised.  In many of these cases Mr. Johnson appeared, and his arguments will
ever be held as among the ablest modern expositions of the intent and meaning of the
416 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
framers of our fundamental law. Retaining to the very last his robust health and cheerful temperament, he seemed likely to live on for some years yet, and this fact made
his sudden death all the more shocking. He had only returned, a few weeks before,
from London, where he had spent a month or two in the transaction of scme business,
and the two voyages across the Atlantic Ocean had been made by him without the slightest apparent discomfort. He had been welcomed back to Baltimore and Washington by
his family and numerous friends, and in his unpretending manner had gone right to work
again to try cases, the arguments of which his temporary absence had delayed. At the
time of his death he was in Annapolis awaiting the call of one of these cases in the
Court of Appeals of the State.  It was one in which his interest and kindness of heart
were warmly enlisted in behalf of the son of a friend of his early life, and had he been
spared twenty-four hours longer, he would doubtless have closed his professional career
by the exhibition of all his usual vigor of intellect and power and ingenuity of reasoning. He was taken off, however, "in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye," and,
as if Providence had so ordained it, in the very place where his remarkable life began.
To the very last his faculties of mind seemed perfectly unimpaired, for, but one hour
before the announcement of his death, his delightful humor and fund of anecdotes had
made him the charm of a dinner party at the Governor's House, where some of his intimate
friends had been assembled. The only reasonable mode of accounting for the sad occurrence is upon the theory of an attack of apoplexy. The startling information of his death
caused profound sorrow, not only in Maryland, but throughout this country and in England; for wherever American Independence or American Statesmanship were understood
or recognized, Mr. Johnson was both known and respected. His loss to the community in
which he lived will belong deplored. Simple in all his tastes, and absolutely free from all
affectation of manner, he was the friend of all who knew him. Frank and manly himself,
he rarely thought ill of any one, and was ever ready to encourage or assist those who approached him.  He always manifested the deepest interest in the public welfare, and his
presence and his earnest eloquence not unfrequently promoted the great efforts in our
midst for moral as well as political reform. The life and character of such a man are a
precious legacy to his countrymen, and an example which should not be lost sight of or
suffered to be forgotten.
RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF MARYLAND.
Hon. F. P. Stevens (by unanimous consent,) from a Joint Select Committee, appointed to
prepare a suitable testimonial to the memory of the late Honorable Reverdy Johnson,
presented the following
JOINT RESOLUTIONS.
Resolved by the General Assemtblyv of Maryland(, That the General Assembly of Maryland, have heard
with profound grief and sincere regret, the annunciation by his Excellency, the Governor, of the sudden
decease of the Honorable Reverdy Johnson, in the full vigor of life, and in the crowning years of a long
period of usefuilness to his state and country.
That b- the death of this distinguished Jurist, Statesman and Diplomatist, the people of the State of
Maryland have lost one in whose unquestioned fame, at home and abroad, they have ever felt a just pride,
and wvhom they have delighted to honor, as one of her pre-eminently worthy and most illustrious sons:
and the nation and the world have been called to mourn the deprivation of a wise counsellor and a devoted
patriot.
That the State of Maryland will ever cherish and hold in grateful remembrance, the invaluable public
services he has rendered, and would herebv express a tribute of honor and respect, to the consummate
al)ilitv. and commanding intellect, which exalted him as the foremost Jurist of America.
To the patriotic impulses which animated him in the discharge of grave and responsible ditties to his
state and country
T(o his unsullied private character, and ennobling virtues, which are inscribed upon, and enshrined
in the hearts of his countrymen.
That as a further testimonial of respect to the memory of the deceased, an engrossed copy of these resolutions, signed bv the President and Sccretary of the Senate, the Speaker and Chief Clerk of the House
of Delegates, be transmitted to the family of the deceased, and that a similar copy suitably framed ibe
placed in the Library of the State.
FRANCIS PUTN-AMI STEVENS.                                        EDWARD J. CHAISTY,
LEwis H. STEINER.                                                BENJAMIIIN LANKFORD,
Committee 0,{ thle ]pait of tlce Seeiate.            HENRY R. ATKINSON.
C7ni'o/ittee oni tl/e port of fhe Housie of Delegati.
417 
THE MONUUMENTAL CITY,
Attorneys at Law. 
Attorney and Counsellor
Messrs. BROWN & BRUNE,
J. MOIRRISON IIHARRIS,
SLINGLUFF & SLINGLUF}",
And JAYMES W. DENNY.
MONUMENT SQUARE,   BALTIMORE.
PRACTICES IN THE STATE AND FEDERAL COURTS.
COLLECTLONS made in all parts of the COUNTRY,
and promptly remitted.
GEO. M. GILL & JOHN GILL, Jr.
to irneyts at  at
49 W. FAYETTE ST.,
BALTIMORE.
CHARLES G. KERR,
I. NEVETT STEELE,
olllnsclor at   a to,
AT LAW,
49 W. -FAYETTE STREET,
BALTIMORE.
ROBERT BALDWIN,
JOAN H. B. LATROBE,
Counsellor at Law,
ST. PAUL STREET,
I    COR. CALVERT AND FAYETTE  STREETS,
Nat. Mechanic's Bank, [
i    (Secoi~d l soo?l.) 
BALTIMORE.
418
EDWIN HIGGINS,
(See pages,3 and 74.)
HT L.JW,
No. 21 N. CAL VERT ST.,
SEE PAGE 272.
REVEIRDY
JOHNSON,
t0. H. OC  Of. team,
38 ST. PAUL STREET,
BALTIMORE.
I
Attorney and Counsellor
29 Lexington Street,
BALTIMORE.
Attorney and  Couns,llor
AT LAWO
Near Lexington,
BALTIMORE. 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
CHAS. J. BONAPARTE,
A ttorney at Law,
No. 29 St. Paul Street,
BALTIMORE.
Charles E. Phelps.    John V. L. Findlay.
PHELPS & FINDLAY,
Oto c    a',t   a',
H. CLAY DALLAM,
Xlttnlrli   I azt "w,
Off ice, Cor. St. Paul & Saratoga Sts.
BALTIMORE.
Practices in the Courts of BALTIMIORE CITY, and
the Coutrt of Appeals.
NBo. 49 ST. PAUL SIi;,
RUFUS W. APPLEGARTH, 
G. MORRIS BOND.   J. B. TIDY, JR.
BOND & TIDY,
Attorneys & Counsellors
AT LAW,
42 N. CHARLES ST.,
NEEDLES  BUILDING.
JOHN  C. KING,
23 N. Calvert Street,
OPP. COURT HOUSE.
B:LETI1VE Ol;E.
Joseph 2 Ieuisler,     Charles W. Beuisler.
JOSEPH S. HEUISLER & SON,
Attorneys at Lawa~
Attorneys at Law    IATTORNEY AND SOLICITOR
AND
SO[LICITO[I[S 11 CHAlUC[,,l~    National Mechanics'Bank
No. 6 Law Buildings,           BUILDING,
ST. PAUL ST.,   BALTIMORE.  2d FLOOR.   BALTIMORE.
419
HENRY D. LONEY,
A-ttf' a,t',~
I
I
I
Nat. )Ieclanics' Bank Building,
BALTIMORE.
,t ornt a      aitt,
I 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
PEABODY HEIGHTS.
The suburban country of Baltimore is extremely beautiful, and no portion surpasses
that lying to the north of the city. That section extending from Druid Hill Park to Clifton,
the seat of Johns Hopkins University, and Lake Montebello, is one of the most picturesque
in America. It is a panorama of uninterruped beauty, diversified with almost every
variety of scenery, to which man has contributed the works of art and industry.
Graceful villas crown its heights, luxuriant gardens repose on its valleys and hill sides,
lakes and streams sparkle amid its emerald fields. In the midst of this scene and on one
on its crowning heights, the property of the Peabody ireihq7ts Conpany is situated. It is
only three quarters of a mile north of Washington Monument, and nearly on a level with
its top, bounded by Charles Street and Maryland Avenue on the west and North Street
on the east. It is an elevated plateau containing about fifty acres, which have been laid
off into broad streets and avenues to conform with the city, which ere long will incorporate
it with itself.
ITS SITUATION IS BEAUTIFUL AND ADVANTAGEOUS. Overlooking the city, it affords
comprehensive views of it and the surrounding country. From its elevation, the view
embracing Druid Hill Park with its primeval forests and its lakes, Mount Royal with its
Reservoir and Fountain, the City with its numerous spires and monuments, the Bay with
its wide expanse whitened with the sails of our commerce, is beyond description. Opposite to it is Homewood Park, the generous donation of Mr. Wm. Wyman and others to
Baltimore, whose shady groves will be a favorite refuge from the heat and dust of the city.
Upon the grounds are the handsome residences of Messrs. Holmes and Ulman, and in
the near vicinity are the country-seats of many of our most prominent and cultivated
citizens, as "Guilford," the property of A. S. Abell, Esq., and the elegant homes of Messrs.
Perine, Wyman, Wilsons, Reese, Whiteley, Whitridge, Brady and others. Thus by its
situation and surroundings it is truly beautiful.
ITS ADVANTAGES are evident from its relative position to the city and county, and
the means of communication with both. The Baltimore, Peabody Heights and Waverly
Railroad runs through its entire length connecting it with the York Road and Towsontown, the county-seat; also by the Park Avenue and Calvert Street Lines with all parts of
the city. The Hampden and Woodberry Cars pass near, giving close communication with
Druid Hill Park. It is within walking distance of Union Depot on Charles Street, where
trains arrive and depart to all parts of the country. It is convenient to schools and
churches of all denominations in the county and city. In fact it contains all the advantages of a country and city residence, having the charm and healthfulness of the one, and
the social privileges and conveniences of the other. The Boulevard or Grand Avenue,
which is to connect Clifton Park and Lake Montebello with Druid Hill Park, will pass
near the property. It is impossible to conceive of a situation more beautiful and desirable.
The Company have laid it off into building lots, which they are leasing or selling at
rates that make them desirable either for a home or investment, as the city is rapidly
growing towards it with first-class improvements, its advance being largely along the line
of which it is the very centre.
The Company is composed of some of our most prominent citizens and capitalists,
whose names are a sufficient guarantee to any who may desire to purchase or locate here.
By the express stipulations of the terms of purchase, there is perfect immunity from everything which may be objectionable to the purchasers.
The officers are-President, FRANKLIN WILSON; Vice-President, WILLIAM DEVRIES;
Treasurer, CHARLES W. LORD; Secretary, J. APPLETON WILSON; Directors, GEORGE
W. ROBINSON, W-.I HOLMES, A. J. ULMAXN, CHARLES WEBB, SAMIEL H. ADAMS.
420 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
GEO. GUEST.  GEO GUEST, JR.   TELFAIR MARRIOTT,
Attorney at Law and Conveyancer.
Geo. Guest, Son & Marriott,
REAL ESTATE
LAW AND COLLECTION OFFICES,
GUEST BUILDING,
I8 St. Paul St., Cor. Saratoga, Baltimore.
Houses, Farms, Ground Rents and Mortgages
bought and sold.  Houses  and  Farms  Rented.
Particular attention given to the Collection of
Claims, Rents, &c., and the settlement of Trust
Estates. Titles examined carefully and papers
promptly prepared.
LOANS NECOTIATED.
Loan  Collecting Agency,
BALTIMORE.
al, stat     ltki,nii    R.. DlUNCAN,
IR sEAL ESTATE,
TtI COMMAS; tIILLI, 
N. E. Cor. Fayette and St. Paul Streets, 
BALTIMORE, MD. 
Deeds, Wills, Mortgages, &c., carefully prepared,
Mortgage  Loans  negotiated.   Lands,  Houses,e
Ground Rents, &c. bought and sold. Ground Rents,
House Rents, and other Claims collected. Trust
Estates, and Property of Non-Residents carefully.
superintended and the income promptly collected
and remnitted.
and remitted
~~j;///'            229 & 231 W. Baltimore St.
! iirr.
~~~~~~~~I m   I
X~~~~~29&2IW Baltim]ore t
Having one of the most extensive
and well appointed Galleries in the
country, I can guarantee work  that
cannot be excelled.
Every Negative is finely and artistically RE-TOUCHED, producing great
delic acy o f comple xion.
PlVe guarantee satisfaction.
W-Please call and see specimens
of work.
PHOTOGRAPHS in
WATER COLORS,
INDIA INK, &c.
Porcelain Miniatures, and all kinds
of Fine Artistic Work.
dCopyingd O d            pcty of Od Pictures  of
deceased friends made a specialty.
421
HENRY W. ROGERS,
REAL ESTATE,
Cor. CHARLES AND FAYETTE STREETS,
OF
LoansCollection Agency,
42 ST. PAUL STREET,
BALTIMORE.
PORTRAITS
IN OIL,
PASTEL
and CRAYON. 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
I. Hl. ]BUSEY'S
PHOTGRAPHI0 AND ART
GALLERIES,
N.W. Cor. Charles and Fayette Sts.,
BiL TIl~IO:EC.
THE LARGEST AND MOST COMPLETE IN THE CITY.
Occupying the four-story building on the corner of Charles
and Fayette Streets, and employing none but FIRST-CLASS ARTISTS.
The work produced at this establishment cannot be excelled
in this country or in Europe.
Every kind of picture, from CARTE-DE-VISITE to LIFE
SIZE PORTRAITS in Oil or Pastel, finished in the highest style
of the art.
Particular attention given to copying and enlarging from old
Daguerrotypes, &c.
Any orders by mail promptly attended to. Also a fine collection of
STEEL ENGRAVINGS,
ENGLISH, GERMAN AND FRENCH
CHROMOS, PHOTOGRAPHS
From) Paintings, Sc., &c.
ALL KINDS OF FRAMES ON HAND,
AND MADE TO ORDER,
AT VERY MODERATE PRICES.
i,
422
SATISFACTIONP CTUARAI>TE ED. 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT -RESOURCES.
T....OLDEST AND BEST
~~~  ~~~~~~~~. ~,, ~   Actual Business College
IN THE COUNTRY.
__::::~!i:Established in 1852.
_  -I  I,   = N  D u bIncorporated   in   1854.
I
e
~~~~~~~~~~~  ~ ~               The only Incorporated  Institution in the~~~~~~~~~~~~
I STlIlCTI10  CO. 0f MAIRIYLAIINII
CORNER OF
Baltimore and Charles Streets,
)DIAGRAMI indicating the practical method of Post inu  directly from the Books of Original Entry to   - 
the Ledger..          to
BALTIMORE, MD.
PHONOGR_ PHIC DEPARTMENT.
PRACTICAL BOOK-KEEPING!
Based entirely on the various operations i
of Finance and Trade.
No Copying from Printed or Manuscript
Fortis in Learning Book-Keeping at this
Institution. 
C Thirty Phonographic, Telegraphic,
Banking, Writing, Shipping and Business
Instruction Papers sent free to any address
enclosing return postage.
JHN H. ALLEN,
SUPERINTENDENT.
C. T. LAWSON,
Receiving Office of Telegraphic Department.
423
PRACTICAL INSTRUCTION!
I
PRESIDE-NT. 
THE MON UMENTAL CITE-,
Emmart & Quartley,
FRESCO, SIGN AND HOUSE
PAINTERS & DECORATORS,
Execute every branch of F I N E P A I N T I N G, and
make Special Drawings in Color for Wall and Ceiling
Decoration, for Halls, Churches, Theatres, Public Buildings and Private Mansions.
Fine Imitations of Wood and Marble executed to invite the closest examination. Parti-Colors and Ivory
Finish, and every description of HOUSE PAINTING.
SIGNS of every kind; ENAMELED GILDING on
Glass; BANNERS and FLAGS for Societies and Lodges; Monograms, Figures,
Tablets, Devices, &c.
TINTING for Walls and Ceilings, in Fresco, Oil or Encaustic finish.
The Latest and Best European Works on Decorative Art received soon as published, and are at all times open to the inspection of our Patrons.
The superior excellence of our work is attested by the numerous Private Dwellings
done by us in this City, the address of which we will be pleased to furnish on application, and also by reference to the following Public Buildings, &c.
St. Luke's P. E. Church,.    Baltimore.
New American Building,              "
Eastern Female High School,         "
Deaf and Dumb Asylum, Frederick, Md.
Lodge and Chapter Rooms, New Masonic Temple,
Baltimore.
Knights Templar Asylum, New Masonic Temple,
Baltimore.
Carrollton Hotel, Baltimore.
St. Clair   "        "
Eutaw House,         "
Rennert House, (
Mount Vernon M. E. Church, Baltimore.
Charles Street  "       "         "
Grace           "    "         "
Fayette Street  "       "    and Chapel, Balto.
New M. E. Church, Chestertown, Md.
St. Paul's Lutheran Church, Baltimore.
First Lutheran Church,           "
Safe Deposit Co. New Building, "
New City Hall, Baltimore.
~"  "     Frederick, Md.
"      "      Cumberland, Md.
Academy of Music,      "      "
Second National Bank, "       "
Fifth Reg't Armory, M. N. G., Baltimore.
Traders' National Bank,
National Bank of Baltimore.
Alexander Brown & Sons' Bank, 
Drovers and Mechanics'    -    "
Wheeler & Wilson Manufacturing Co.
St. Joseph's Academy, Emmittsburg, Md.
The Sisters' Exhibition Hall, " 
St. Joseph's Chapel,                        C're
St. Patrick's R. C. Church,.  Baltimore.
St. Ann's R. C.      "             "
St. Francis Xavier's R. C. Church,  "
Ascension P. E.             "      "
Johns' Memorial P. E.       "      "
Ascension P. E. Church, Washington..
And other work in different parts of the Country.
Permission to the Following Gentlemen:
Jackson Holland, Builder,      Walter S. Wilkinson, Esq.
J. Hall Pleasants, Esq.        C. C. Fulton & Son, Balto. American,
James Hodges, Esq.             Henry A. Thompson, Pres. National
James A. Gary, Esq.                Bank of Baltimore,
Joseph A. Sprigg, Esq.         Wm. M. Laffan & Co., Baltimore
Woodward Abrahams, Esq.           Bulletin
,S. Eccles, Jr.                 Hon. Henry W. Hoffman, Cumber Thomas Shields, Esq.               land, Md.
Hugh Sisson, Esq.              Col. Chas. E. Trail, Frederick, Md.
EMMART & QUARTLEY,
Designers, Decorators and Painters,
No. 32 PARK STREET,
ThIird door above Lexingtoz-A'ooios owe First Floor.
424
..'a..
P. Hanson Hiss & Co.
Hamilton Easter & Sons,
Geo. A. Frederick, Architect,
Dixon & Carson,:11
W. S. G. Baker,
Frank E. Davis, I
E. G. Lind, 1:
Markland & Bro., Builders,
S. H. &J. F. Adams, 11
Respectfully,
Late Of 276 Baltimore St. 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
The Leading House-Furnishing Emporiu
J. SETHI HOPKINS &.
No. 210 WEST BALTIMORE STREET.
Where you will find the Largest, Cheapest and Best Assorted Stock of
China, Cutlery, Silver Plated Ware, Glassware,
AND EVERY SPECIES OF
GOODS FOR HOUSEHOLD AND KITCHEN USE.
CALL ON IYS BEFORE BUYING ANYTIIING IN OUJR LINE.
-  GEORGE W. TAYLOR
LIAMPORT-ER AND DEALCER I
LACE X NOTTINGHAM
T_TI OL.STEt~ BY-GOC
wI -d-    S b-   a  gs~ a~~    nT4 d 1,-,ar s 
PIANO AND TABLE COVERS,
LEXINGTON STREET,
B L  TIMJ 0 B RE.
MARCUS W, WOLIF T     C0g
WHOLESALE STATIONERS.
PAPER? ENVELOPES A SPECIALTY.
Warehouse, 7, 9, 11 South Sharp Street,
BALTIMORE, M D.
Also, SOLE PROPRIETORS Of the CONGRESS, MIDWAY, CAPITAL AND OLD
DOMINION BRANDS OF Writing and Printing Papers-all sizes and
weights. HANCOCK PENS, Letter Carrier ENVELOPES, National INKS and MUCILAGE and
the CURIOSITY STATIONERY PACKAGES.
STABLISHD 1836.
YOUNG,
11 Ws      Baltimore St.
OPPOSITE SUN BUILDING,
6
425
CO.
CURTAINS,
See page 149-TAYLOR & PRICE.
JAM E S
STEAM
SpR! H T E RI
BANKS 5nl X yn
112 West
BALT IMO RE. 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
L. W. GUNTHER,
TOBACCO and COTTON
Com nissiiIon 3]1erchanit,
No. 9 SOUTH GAY STREET, BALTIMORE.
426 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
A COMPLETE FAMILY NEWSPAPER.
Published at 114 Nassau Street, New
INDEPENDENT,         FRATERNAL AND
DAVID H. WHEELER, D. D., Editor, H. W. DOUGLAS, Publishing Agent.
TERMS, $2.50 IN ADVANCE, POSTAGE, 20 CENTS ADDITIONAL.
THE  METHODIST is a religious newspaper in the true broad sense of
the term; though denominational in name and representing loyally the
interests of the METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, it is unsectarian
in spirit, inculcating true Christian charity and advocating FRATERNITY,
not only between the various Methodisms, but also Evangelical Christians of
every name.
The Publishers invite attention to a few of its leading features: - its
Ed itorial pages are marked by able writing on the leading questions of the
day, both religious and secular, with brief and pointed editorial paragraphs on minor topics; its correspondence, both home and foreign, is
spicy and interesting; its Contributed Articles are able and interesting; its
exposition of the "INTERNATIONAL  BIBLE LESSON" has been pronounced the best published; its SERMON DEPARTMENT is especially
attractive, far surpassing any journal we know of, furnishing a weekly
sermon from representative preachers of the Methodist and other denominations, and are reported expressly for its columns. The CHILDREN'S
DEPARTMENT  is particularly rich and interesting, containing Fresh
Stories, a Chat with the Little Folks, Choice Selections, Puzzles, Enigmas,
etc. It publishes a Serial Story annually. It also furnishes news from the
various branches of the great Methodist family and other denominations,
together with interesting Miscellany, embracing Poems, Sketches, Incidents
of Travel, etc. In short, the aim of its publishers is to make it in every
respect a complete RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY NEWSPAPER.
It is edited with great ability by David H. Wheeler, D. D., late Professor
of English Literature in the north-western University, at Evanston, Ills., who
is an able writer, and who brings to his work ability, culture and experience.
THE METHODIST is one of the handsomest of the religious weeklies, it
contains twenty pages every week, with leaves all shaved and backs gummed.
Itis truly national both in its spirit,character and circulation. It goes into every
State in the Union, it is therefore  a First-Class Med(lium for Advertisers.  Its
price is Two DOLLARS AND FIFTY CENTS a year, with an additional twenty
cetts for yearly postage in all $2.70.
Those who prefer a specimen copy before subscribing, will receive one on
receipt of a three cent postage stamp to prepay postage on same.
G-rod canvassing Agents wanted everywhere, to whom liberal commissions
aNill be paid.
In remitting funds for subscriptions, send a Post Office Money Order or
Registered Letter or Check.             Address,
H. W. DOUGLAS, Publishing Agent of the Methodist,
I 14 NASSAU STREET, NEW YORK.
427
FE  WCH<I)I~
PROGRESSIVE. 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
DAVIS.                  J. H. C. WATTS.
WATTS AND COMPANY,
Extensive Manufacturers, Importers and Dealers in
TELEGRAPH ( ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENTS,
OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.
Registers, Combination Sets, Dial Instruments for Private Lines, Relays, Main Line
Sounders, Galvanometers, Sounders, Box Relays and Sounders, Switch Boards, Keys,
Plug Cut Outs, Gongs, Burglar Alarms, Medical Apparatus, Line Wire, Insulated Wire,
Batteries, Chemicals, Tools, Poles, Pins, Insulators, Brackets, Manifold Paper, Register
Paper, Battery Insulators, Baltimore Battery.
Improved  Learner's Instrument,
Complete, with Book of Instructions for Students to
teach themselves.
OUR IMPROVED
Qr 0  0 I  o r
is a great success.  It is made either Self-Starting or
otherwise, and is the best in the market.
BURGLAR ALARMS
AND
Private House Annunciators,
STABLE BELLS, Etc.,
IJ  GRE i rT FYRIETY.
We  manufacture in large quantities the worldrenowned
Baltimore Gravity Battery,
CUT OF ANNUNCIATOR.
MPRIVATE LINES, CONNECTING OFFICES and MANUFACTORIES, etc.,
constructed and maintained on Lease or Contract Plan. Dial and Printing Instruments
used.
Best Galvanized and all other Wire
CONSTANTLY ON HAND.
HWe can Equip any Length of Line wvithin twentyfour hours' notice.
428
AVG. G. D
which has no equal. 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
MARYLAND
LiJt~ L s rajt'ee-Da  0
OF BALTIMORE.
Assets (May 1st, 1876,).. $950,000.
GEORGE P. THOMAS, Pres't.
BOARD OF DI:RECTORSMILTON EASTER,            HUGH SISSON,             GEORGE H. MILLER,
LEN A. CHAPMAN,            HIRAM WOODS,            WILLIAM DEVRIES,
ORGE P. THO.IAS,           THOMAS CASSARD,         CHARLES WEBB.
A. IK. FOARD, Secretary.        T. W. MATTHEWS, Manager of Agencies.
CLAYTON C. HALL, Actuary.       J. W. F. HANK, M.D. Medical Adviser.
[See page 254.]
F. P. STEVENS,
I,.'1 r,           a,  I. I#.a
No. 53 LEXINGTON ST.                       OA,
Tear CharlesStreet,     49  St. Paul  St.
BALT~nC~ss             BALTIMORE.
ST. GEORGE'S HALL,
An English, Classical and Commercial
BOARDING SCHOOL FOR BOYS,
AT ELMWOOD STATION,
TWELVE MILES FROM BALTIMORE, ON WESTERN MARYLAND RAILROAD.
Professor JAMES C. KINEAR, A. M.................. Principal.
Accommodation and advantages unsurpassed. POST OFFICE, 189 and 191 MADISON
AVENUE, BALTIMORE.
[See article on Western Mary]and Railroad.]
429
HAZ
AL
GE, 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND.
Hon. SEVERN TEACKLE WALLIS, LL. D., Provost.
FACULTY OF PHYSIC-1875-76.
FRANK DONALDSON, M.D.,
Professor of Physiology and Hygiene, and
Clinical Professor of Diseases of the
Throat, Lungs and Heart,
i  2 Par-k Avzenue.
WILLIAM T. HOWARD, M. D.,
Professor of Diseases of Women and Chil      dren, and Clinical Medicine,
I 8I iifadison Avenue.
JULIAN J. CHISOLM, M.D.,
Professor of Ophthalmic and Aural Surgery,
55 firazkliiz Street.
FRANCIS T. MILES, M.D.,
Professor of Anatomy and Clinical Professor
of Diseases of the Nervous System,
14 Cthliedr-al Street.
L. McLANE TIFFANY, M.D.,
Professor of Operative Surgery,
31 CJtledral Street.
J. E. MICHAEL, M.D.,
Demonstrator of Anatomy.
NATHAN R. SMITH, M. D.,
President of the Faculty and Emeritus
Professor of Surgery.
WM. E. A. AIKIN, M.D., LL. D.,
Professor of Chemistry and Pharmacy,
178 [E Baltimor-e Str-eet.
GEORGE W. MILTENBERGER, M.D.,
Professor of Obstetrics,
S. E. co;-. Eitz7a,azd.Afoiznum7iezt Sfs.
RICHARD MCSHERRY, Mi. D.,
Professor of Principles and Practice of
Medicine,
I89 A. Howard Sti-eet.
SAMUEL C. CHEW, M,. D.,
Professor of Materia Medica and Thera     peutics, and Clinical M3edicine,
I4I L~aieale Street.
S. C. CHEW, M.D., Dean of the Faculty.
WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
FACULTY —18S75-76.
CHARLES W. CHANCELLOR, M.D.,
Emeritus Professor of Surgery and Presi         dent of the Faculty.
JOSEIPH E. CLAGETT, M. D.,
Professor of Obstetrics.
MARTIN P. SCOTT, M  D.,
Professor of the Diseases of Women and
Children.
JOHN N.  MONfmONIER, M. D.,
Professor of Operative and Clinical
Surgery.
ISCiArn  R. PAGE, an. D.,
Professor of Principles and Practice of
Surgery.
JOHN F. MiONMONIER, M.D.,
Professor of Physiology.
JAMES E. LINDSAY, ilI. D.,
Professor of Chemistry.
ABRAM[ B. ARNOLD,:M. D.,
Professor of the Principles and Practice of
Medicine.
H. B. TRIST, M.D.,
Professor of Anatomy.
JOSEPH A. WA HITE, iI. D.,
Professor of Eye and Ear Diseases.
GEORGE E.  NELSON, A.M.,
Lecturer on Medical Jurisprudence.
J.  H.  HARTMAN, M. D.,
Lecturer on Diseases of the Throat and
Chest.
JOHN P. VAN BIBBER, M. D.,
Clinical Lecturer on Neurology.
J. E. LINDSAY, M. D., Dean of the Faculty
430
I
i
i
I
I
CHRISTOPHER JOHNSTON, M. 1).,
Professor of Surgery,
82 Frailkliii. St-eet, cor. Itti-k.
Lsce page 95.1
WILLI[AM GREEN, M.D.,
Professor of Materia Medica and
Therapeutics.
GEORGE B. REYNOLD-,, M. D.,
Demonstrator of Anatomy.
f See page 96.] 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
The COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS and SURGEONS
OP BATIMOR  MD.
,_
Hon. ROBERT GILMOR, President.
FACULTY OF PHYSIC.
THOMAS R. BROWN, M.D.,
E   Professor of  Clinical and Operative Surgery, and
Diseases of the Genito-Urinary Organs.
AARON FRIEDENWALD, M.D.,
Professor of Diseases of the Eye  and Ear.
CHARLES F. BEVAN, M.D.,
JOHN  SLProfessor of Anatomy.
ARCHIBALD ATKINSON, M. D,
Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics.
OSCAR  J. COSKERY, M.D.,
Professor of Principles and Practice of Surgery.
JAMES G. WILTESHIRE, M.D.,
Demonstrator of Anatomy.
SILAS W. HUNTER, M. D.,
Prosector, &c.
EDWARD WARREN, M. D,
Emeritus Professor of Surgery.
THOMAS OPIE, M. D.,
Professor of Obstetrics.
PETER GOOLRICK, M. D.
Prof'r of Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology.
JOHN S. LYNCH, M. D.
Professor of Principles and Practice of Medicine.
E. LLOYD HOWARD, M. D.,
Professor of Chemistry.
THOMAS S. LATIMER, M.D.,
Professor of Physiology and Hygiene, and Clinical
Professor of Diseases of Children.
AUGUSTUS  F. ERICH, M. D.,
Professor of the Diseases of Women.
The regular Winter Session begins October 1st, and terminates the last of February.
The MARYLAND  LYING-IN ASYLUIM (see page 432) affords Students of this College
special advantages for the practical study of Obstetrics and Gynecology.
MEDICAL AND SURGICAL CLINICS are held daily at 12 M. at "The Clinic Hall."
For further information write for a Catalogue, or address
THOMIAS OPIE, M.D., Dean.
431 
-THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
MARYLAND LYING-IN ASYLUM,
BALTIMORE, MD.
Under the Exclusive Control of the College of Physicians and Surgeons.
MARYLAND LYING-IN ASYLUM.
This Institution is open for the reception of patients. Indigent Women of this City
and State will be admitted for their confinement, and carefully attended by scientific
Physicians and skilful nurses. Having been liberally aided by the Legislature, no cost
nor pains have been spared to render it as perfect as possible in all its departments. The
Public Wards are spacious, well warmed and ventilated, and are supplied with all the
appliancees and conveniences which can conduce to the comfort of the parturient woman.
Board, attention by a member of the Faculty, Nursing and Medicines are given free
of charge to all patients in the Public Wards.
Private Patients will be furnished rooms at from $8 to $12 per week, according to the
size and location of the chamber.
For additional information apply to the Dean, or WILLIAAM  RODES, 1. D.,
RESIDENT PHYSICIAN.
THO[MAS OPI]E, M.D.
Dean of the Faculty.
432 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
Baltimore College of Dental Surgery,
S. E. COR. EUTAW AND LEXINGTON STS.
a]
ci
co
(D
<Mm 
-0
Fin
C/J
(D
-ISI
40
SBi'
-,3
CD
FACULTY.
FERD. J. S. GORGAS, A.M., M.D., D.D S.,
Professor of Dental Surgery and Therapeutics.
HENRY REGINAL NOEL, M.D.,
Professor of Physiology and Pathology.
E. LLOYD  HOWARD, A.M., M.D..
Professor of Chemistry and Mlateria Medica.
JAMES  H. HARRIS. M.D., D.D.S.,
Professor of Clinical Dentistry.
JAMES B. HODGKIN, A.M., D.D.S.,
Professor of Dental Mechanism.
THOMAS  S. LATIMER,  M.D.,
Professor of Anatomy.
JUDSON B. WOOD. D.D.S., M.D.,
Demonstrator of   Operative Dentistry.
BASIL M. WILKINSON, D.D.S., M.D.
Demonstrator of Mechanical Dentistry.
JOHN C.'UHLER, D.DS., M.D.,
EDWARD  F. WAYMAN, D.D.S., M.D.,
FRANK S. LEWIS, D.D.S.,
Assistant Demonstrators.
CHARLES F. BEVAN, M.D.,
Demonstrator of Anatomy.
The Annual Sessions commence in October of each year, and continue until the following March. The Summer Sessions commence April 1st, and continue until the last
of June. The Infirmary is open during the entire year for Dental operations.
For further information address
F. J. S. GORGAS, D.D.S., M.D., Dean,
259 N. EUTAW STREET, BALTIMORE, MD.
433
I 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
ELISHA RIGGS.
[Moved to New York from Baltimore in
i824, and was a prominent Merchant in New
York until his death in i853.]
AND PEABODY,
Congress Hall, Market St., near Liberty,
ave received by the Dumfries from Liverpool, and New York
Packets, an additional supply of seasonable Dry Goods, viz:
6 Cases assorted Bed Tickings, 
lo Trunks Calicoes, 
2 Cases Furniture Prints,
"   Imitation Shawls,
I        Scarlet Cassimere Shawls,
6   "   Assorted Patent Threads, from 
No. 12 to I00,
2 Trunks Dog Skins and Beaver Gloves
Which, with a general assortment of British, French and Indian Goods, will be sold on
moderate terms.
- Takeii from the Federal Republican anzd Ballinore Telegraph, smonday, Oct. 27, I817.
GEORGE PEABODY
Died in London, England, November 4th, 1869,. (aged 74 years, 9 months, 17 days,)
was honored by a burial service in Westminster Abby, where a slab, commemorative of
him, rests amidst those of the princes, heroes, statesmen and poets of the past. His
remains were brought to Portland, Maine, in the "Monarch," turreted iron-clad, the finest
vessel in the British Navy, by command of the Queen, and convoyed by an American
and a French frigate.
"They brought no crowned king;
Theirs was a holier trust:
They bore a treasure from afar,
A good man's sacred dust."
"Mourned by the rich he taught,
Mourned by the poor he fed,
Mourned by a race with whom he broke
A nobler food than bread."
Prince Arthur attended the remains from the harbor of Liverpool to that of Portland;
and although an officer in the British Navy, he was present at the funeral in Danvers,
dressed in a full suit of black.
England and America buried this citizen of two-fold nationality, and France looked
on with sympathy at the funeral.
434
GEORGE PEABODY.
[See pages 38, 329, 33o and 331.1
R I G G S
i Case assorted Pearl and Glass Buttons,
3 11 Cords and Velveteens,
2 11 Levantines and Florantines-Black
and other colors,
I 11 Levantine Shawls,
3 " Linen Cambricks,
I 11 Ostrich and Down Feathers, 
;~  \- A l, j, jIjX
I  F- l  L
'ILJS
L 1X:
_   _  _  _                         *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~..
j; ~ ~ ~ ~~                   A ~  ~~~$fQo~ff  i: _;:_
i I
*- a~ ~     r)~,
fZOWPRJC~5                                                        ( t9  X,,.U_   _ _
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till
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tpm fj,,I.Ill'Jlali                               n
I 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
BROWN MEMORIAL CHURCH.
On page 436 we give a handsome cut of Brown Memorial (Presbyterian) Church. It
is built of Baltimore County Marble, in the gothic style, and is one of the most elegant
church edifices in the city.
It was erected and completely furnished at the cost oi one hundred and fifty thou   sand dollars, by Mrs. Isabella Brown, the widow of the late George Brown, Esq., of Alex  ander Brown & Sons, who, by her liberal benefactions and noble deeds has endeared herself
to our citizens, and whose name is associated in the public mind with all that is true and
elevated in religion and lovely in woman.
It is "in memoriam" of her husband, as expressed on a marble tablet in the rear of
the pulpit. This is an appropriate monument to him who regarded religion as preemi  nent above all other things, and loved his church with all the ardor of his noble nature.
It perpetuates his memory and extends the cause he supremely loved. This is a pleasing
connection in which to refer to the financial house of which he was the head for many
years. Alexander Brown, the father of William, George, John A. and James, emigrated to
Baltimore with William the eldest son, from the North of Ireland in 1800. With a small
capital he began to import Irish Linens, and gradually extended his business to general
shipping and commission. In 1810, William went to Liverpool and with his brother
James formed a house, which subsequently became Brown, Sbipley & Co., a branch of
which was created in London. This house soon attained great prominence and power, and
William in consideration of his eminent commercial standing and his generous gifts to the
people of Liverpool of a Free Library and Building, was made Baronet by the Queen in
1862. In 1811, Mr. Brown organized the firm of Alexander Brown & Sons in Baltimore.
In 1818, John A. Brown founded the branch in Philadelphia, as John A. Brown & Co.,
and in 1825, James Brown established the house of Brown, Brothers & Co., in New York,
of which he is still the head. These sons became eminent not only in financial affairs, but
also in deeds of benevolence, expressed in the most comprehensive and effective forms.
On the retirement of John A. Brown, in 1839, the Philadelphia house took the name of
the New York, viz: Brown, Brothers & Co.
During the life of Alexander Brown, the Baltimore house was head-quarters for the
others, and it was customary for the brothers to meet here and consult with their father on
important matters connected with the operations of the house. Alexander Brown died
1834, and his death made a profound impression through the community, as he had
sustained the highest position in public esteem, had exerted a grand influence, and contributed an invaluable part to the welfare as well as a commercial growth of the city. The
spirit of the man towards his fellowman, was beautifully illustrated in a remark of his
on the occasion of a financial panic.  "No merchant in Baltimore should be allowed to
fail, who can show he is solvent." His son George Brown having remained with him in
the Baltimore house, succeeded him as the head, retaining the original name of Alexander
Brown & Sons. He was one of the most valuable citizens Baltimore ever had. He was
always foremost in all great and good enterprises. To his comprehensive views, his prophetic vision, his expansive enterprise, the city is greatly indebted for the Baltimore and
Ohio Railroad and other important institutions which are now its pride and source of
conmercial revenue. To the causes of humanity and christianity he not only gave liberally, but in them was an active worker. Among these the House of Refuge stands, an
enduring and useful monument to his munificence and beneficence alike.  The inscription
on a marble shaft which was erected to his memory by the late Benjamin Deford who
was associated with him in this and other benevolent works, well expresses his life. He
437 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
died in 1859, leaving a large fortune, a name universally honored and an influence
which will never fade away.
The firm now consists of his son, George S. Brown, W. H. Graham and W. G. Bowdoin,
which maintains the reputation and credit of the house, conducting it on the same principles of high honor and unbending rectitude. They have enlarged and improved their
building, which as seen from the cut on page 412, is one of the finest structures on Baltimore street.
The house of Brown, Brothers & Co., sustains a like relation to the cities of Now York
and Philadelphia that Alexander Brown & Sons does to Baltimore, and it is an occasion
of no little gratification, that from our city has sprung institutions which have so
honorable a record, and exert the most important influences throughout the commercial
world.
THE MONUMENT AT THE HOUSE OF REFUGE.
IN MEMORIAM.
GEORGE BROWN,
ONE OF THE FOUNDERS,
And until his death, the first President of this Institution.
In spirit eminently charitable; cautious in judgment, in action
council, and an earnest helper in all good works.
From his abundant means,
he bestowed his gifts
with an open hand and a cheerful heart,
living, he enjoyed
the consummation of his christian deeds;
dying, it was as a good steward
in humble trust of the Master's acceptance
and the peaceful hope of a
blissful immortality.
THIS STONE
may serve to recall his virtues;
his best monument
is this
House of Refuge.
"Si monumentum quaeris circumspice."
"Faithful unto death."
"He delivered the poor that cried, and the fatherless and him that had no helper. The
blessing of him that was ready to perish came upon him, and he caused the widow's heart
to sing for joy."
438
prudent; wise in 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
Born in
County Antrim, Ireland,
April 4th, 1785;
A citizen of the United States,
1804.
Died in Baltimore,
August 26th, 1859.
This Monument
was erected by
Benjamin Deford,
one of the Managers of this Institution as a mark of esteem for the
memory of
a venerable colleague.
Dimensions-Height 15 feet..
THE ENVIRONS OF BALTIMORE.
The environs of Baltimore are very attractive, and this is especially the case to the
north and west. The ground is beautifully rolling and rises into ridges of sufficient
elevation to afford fine views of the surrounding country, the city and river. These features
of configuration are very marked upon the line of the Harford Road, an avenue which
runs out from about the centre of the city nearly a little east of north, and which crosses
the Northern Boundary avenue, having a width of one hundred and fifty feet, and so laid
out as to sweep around the city on the three sides not obstructed by the river. This fine
avenue is destined to become a very attractive Boulevard, and when laid out in broad
walks and roadways, and planted with trees, will afford one of the most splendid drives
in the country. Beyond this point the road rises, until some ten miles out it reaches the
Gunpowder River and a height of over four hundred feet above tide-water. About two
miles from the city lies Clifton, the estate comprising some four hundred and eighty acres,
which was devised by the late Johns Hopkins for the great university, the buildings of
which, will be there erected. The grounds not required for this use, will, it is under —
stood, be tastefully laid out and devoted to the purposes of a Park. As the university
project is in the hands of a Board of Trustees, composed of some of our most intelligent
citizens, who will have command of very ample means, we are confident of great results,
both of an educational and local value. Facing this property and running northwardly
lies the splendid estate of Mr. John W. Garrett of over a thousand acres, and beyond, on the
left of the pike, hundreds of workmen are already busy with the excavations for Lake
Montebello, for which the City in connection with one of its water supplies, has recently
acquired about eighty acres at the cost of a thousand dollars per acre. This will be a very
beautiful improvement and will no doubt enhance the value of adjoining property, as
well as, add greatly to the picturesque beauty of the neighborhood. We learn that a broad
drive will surround this Lake, and as this will be reached by two already popular roads
leading from the city, distant less than three miles; as well as a Passenger Railway, and.
439, 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
will later be connected directly with Druid Hill Park by a projected avenue of a hundred
feet wide; it would seem evident, that many important improvements must follow on this
suburban line, facing the lower end of the Lake, and running along Herring Run an
affluent of the Patapsco River, is the property of the Hon. J. Morrison Harris, and beyond,
the lands belonging to the estate of the late Col. Hall. Beyond the Run the ground
continues to rise, and is thickly settled and handsomely improved with the country-seats
of many of our most prominent citizens. We have given this detailed description of
one of our suburbs, because it offers a number of salient features, but we could justly
point with pride to the attractions presented in other-directions also, did our space permit.
RANSTEAD'S IMPROVEMENTS AT
SPRING GARDENS.
Among the most important improvements now being made in Baltimore is that of Mr.
Charles Ranstead.
He purchased of the late James Carroll, the land lying between the Baltimore and Ohio
Railroad and Middle Branch of Patapsco River. A large portion of it is admirably situated
for business purposes, having perfect facilities by Rail and Water for shipping.
Mir. Ranstead perceiving the prospective value and possibilities of this property as a
point for shipping and manufactures, with great energy and expense, has begun to work
a transformation there, which is already astonishing.
Where once were only bayous and  arshes, are now Wharves, Docks, Squares and
Streets. He has built a Bridge over the three pronged branch on the bed of Warner street,
and has dredged channels to connect his docks and wharves with the dredged channel of
the Middle Branch. This main channel was dredged by the city to a width of 200 feet
and depth of 16 feet, and should the improvements in the Middle Branch as recommended
in the Port Warden's annual report for 1875, and in the inaugural address of Mayor
Latrobe, be carried out, this will constitute one of the most accessible and desirable parts
of the harbor of Baltimore.
Bayard street now being graded from Washington Avenue to the head of a dock 100
feet wide and 600 feet'ong, affords direct communication with the North Western section
of the city.
Already some most important enterprises have been established on the premises, such
as Swindell Brother's Glass Factory, Biemiller's Ice Houses and others.
Mr. Ranstead's determination is to make this one of the great shipping points of the
city, being near to its centre from east to west, and no place offers better inducements to
shippers and manufacturers.
Many of the largest industries are situated around and contiguous to the property,
which fact, is an indication of the importance of the locality.
THE STEAM MARBLE WORKS
Of Messrs. Hugh Sisson &  Son, whose card is on page 242, is one of the important
industries of Baltimore, and among the most extensive in the country. They merit special
mention in this work as illustrative of our enterprise and advance in the mechanical arts.
Mr. Sisson has for more than twenty-five years been developing this great business,
and has come to be recognized at the head of the industry in the United States. Early
440 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURC(ES.
perceiving the superiority of our Baltimore County Marble for building and ornamental
purposes, he began to utilize it, and established his Steam Marble Works, where he employs
a large number of skilled workmen, and has prepared the marble work of some of the
most important public buildings and business houses in the city, among which we briefly
mention: the ornamental and interior work of the City Hall, Franklin Bank, Alexander
Brown & Sons' New Banking House, the Counters and inside work of the Custom House,
New Safe Deposit Building, Carrollton Hotel, and the Altars and Pulpits of many
Churches, the Doorways, Caps and all the interior marble work of the State House of
South Carolina, at Columbia, a portion of which was destroyed at the close of the late war.
Possessing every facility in handling and securing the Native and Foreign Marbles,
and employing only the most efficient and skilled artisans, they turn out the most perfect
and beautiful work.
There was added years ago, what may be termed the department of Art, and their
Salesroom in the Rinehart Building, 140 west Baltimore Street, is indeed an Art Gallery.
Here every floor is suitably arranged with specimens of exquisite workmanship, of their
own and foreign manufacture, Mantels, Monuments, Vases, Tessalated Slabs, Statuary,
&c., &c. They make a speciality of their importations which are of the finest sculpture
out of Carrara, Sienna, Broccadillo and other Marbles. Among these may be specially
mentioned, "Hope," "Remembrance," "the Angel of Peace," "the Sleeping Child," "the
Virgin of the Sacred Heart," and "Grief."  The Busts are numerous.  The salesrooms
are among the most attractive places in Baltimore, which should be a favorite resort for all
lovers of art.
On January 1st, 1876, Mr. Sisson associated his son, Hugh Sisson, Jr., with him, and
the firm is known as Hugh Sisson & Son.
We do not hesitate to claim for them a position in the front rank of this great and
important branch of industry. They cannot be surpassed for the quality of work, or the
reasonablness of prices, They successfully compete with the great works of New York,
and supply largely northern demand. Their reputation has extended into those very
sections once controlled by the great dealers of New York and Philadelphia. Mr Sisson
is one of our business men, who by his untiring industry and liberal enterprise has contributed so greatly to give us our well earned title, The Monumental City, and with pleasure
we make this special reference to his establishment
Messrs. POOLE & HUNT'S
Union Machine Shops at Woodberry, are among the most celebrated in the country and
are specially prominent in one of the leading industries of Baltimore. Their business
career began 25 years ago, and they have displayed an energy and attained a success
equalled by few. The premises comprise twenty acres of ground on which are the Iron
Foundry, Pattern and Machine Shops, Melting House, Brass Foundry, Storage Lofts, &c.
The working force is about four hundred hands. Their facilities for making all kinds of
machines from a chisel to a locomotive, are not surpassed in the country. Specimens of
their work are seen in the iron columns supporting the Dome of the Capitol at Washington and Custom House in New Orleans. They have made several Metal Lighthouses.
Their specialty is LEFFEL'S TURBINE WATER-WHEEL, more than seven thousand of
which are now in use, it is the best Water-Wheel extant. The Union Works of Messrs.
Poole & Hunt have contributed most largely to the growth and manufacturing importance
of Baltimore.                                                           [See page 207.]
441 
CAPACITY,
H
!Z
75,000 Cans per ]Daye
ES.
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ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RIESOURICES.
IN THE OYSTER, FRUIT AND VEGETABLE
Interest of Baltimore, our enterprising citizen Mr. Louis McMurray, may be regarded as one
of the pioneers. He has wrought up through a long series of years of steady, persistent
enterprise an immense business, which is not only creditable to him, but of exceeding
importance to our city and State. His mammoth Packing House in this city is situated
on the Basin, where it has the most convenient arrangements for receiving and shipping
at the lowest cost to the consumer.
He is the proprietor of the Mountain Sugar Corn Factory, established at Frederick
City, one of the most complete in all its appointments, and the largest in the world, having
a capacity for 5,000 cans per day.  He cultivates in Frederick County about 1200 acre<,
capable of producing 1,500,000 cans of corn annually.  Mr. McMurray has thoroughly
systematized his business in the factory and field, and gives personal attention to every
department, so that he safely guarantees every can of Oysters, Fruits and Vegetables
which goes out from his establishment.
BARTLETT, ROBBINS & CO'S
Architectural Iron Works, to which we have at length referred on pages 214 and 215, have
contributed as much as any industry to adorn our own city and give us a reputation
abroad. We are pleased to record, that during the present unprecedented financial depression, they have erected many large and elegant Iron Buildings, among which we
mention as especially deserving of praise, Hamilton Easter & Son's new addition to their
grand marble store on Baltimore street, and their Iron structure on German street,
Enoch Pratt's stores on the corner Charles and Baltimore streets, L. W. Gunther's warehouses on Gay near Baltimore, J. J. Thomsen's Drug House for Thomsen & Muth on
German near Hanover, and the New American Building, one of the finest edifices in the
United States. These buildings are all built on a grand scale and have introduced a
new era in the architecture and structure of business houses.
This firm also built the stairway and the partition screen of the New Post Office in
New  York. the screen being 1000 feet long: also, put up  the hleating and ventilating
apparatus of the General Post Office, the New  State Department and  New  Jail in
Washington city.  Thus they have a national reputation, and we can safely say that for
facilities in constructing and furnishing Iron Buildings, they are not surpassed if equalled
in the United States.
JAPANNED WARE.
Until recently the manufacture of Japanned Ware was confined to the North, and our
dealers were compelled to purchase abroad.  In the year 1872, MIessrs. MATTUAI, INOGtRAM
& Co. introduced in our city this branch of manufacture, and by the employment of
skilled workmen and extreme care to make goods of the first quality, have succeeded in
establishing here one of the best factories in the United States, the only one south of Philadelphia, which now commands not only the local and Southern trade, but is supplying to
a large extent the Northern and Eastern markets, where the older factories are located.
This is due to the enterprise of the firm and the superiority of their goods. They are very
careful in the selection of material and use the most tasteful designs in ornamentation.
It is a matter for congratulation that in this important branch of industry Baltimore
has in so short a time attained a reputation over that of other cities, and we accord to the
above mentioned House its meed of praise for contributing so large a share in producing it.
443 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
MATTHAI, INNGRAM & Co.
MANUFACTURERS OF
,J~panlR~ngd  Plaiii;tRd  St~tuxp\
TIN WARES
AND
Jobbers in House Furnishing Goods,
-w,                    _ _ _ _____,__
[Special attention given to the manufacture of GROCERS' TIN-WARE,
ORNAMENTAL  CANISTERS, and general furnishing supplies.
= =X X. = _ _ = _ _ _..................................................................................................... _............................. _ —
HOTELS.
THE CARROLLTON, R. B. Coleman & Co.
See Page 252.
R. B. COLEMAN.
GUY'S MONUMIENT HOUSE, S.C. Little.
See Pages 251 and 253.
Mansion House Hotel, I. Albertson.
See Page 253.
444
A. G. SMITH. 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
_RENNERT HOUSE,
ON EUROPEAN PLAN,
FAYETTE STREET,
NEAR MONUMENT SQUARE,
BALTIMORE.
ROBERT RENNERT, Proprietor.
HOWARD HOUSE,
Howard and Baltimore Streets,
BALTIMORIE,
ACCOMMODATES THREE HUNDRED GUESTS.
Terms, $2.50 Per Day,,
JUDD & ALLEN.
BARNUMlS CITY HOTELS
0:3lV -ETNUMT S& CT_.:E
BARR~[ 3I %: CO.
445
'K 
THE A'IONUIMENTAL CITY,
LL. ~ ~ ~ ~  ~     ~    ~     ~     ~    ~    ~ ~ w
t'~_                                                                          U
0
< L
Fine resort for both Summer and Winter-within 6 miles of Atlantic Ocean-Fishing
and Hunting unsurpassed.
Board, $2.50 and $3.00 per day, and liberal arrangements for Parties by the week or
mnonth.
W AN G  RE  5'S
GREEN HOUSE RESTAURANT  BILLIARD PARLORS,
186, 188 a-dCL 190 WEST PRATT STREET.
The oldest and most extensive in Baltimore. Is conveniently located for business
men, especially for travellers stopping for a few hours in the city.
The POPULAR RESORT of gentlemen from the counties, and visitors by steamboat or
rail. The BAIR is supplied with all kinds of LIQUORS, and the TABLE lurnished with
every delicacy
BIRDS, CAME, FISH, FRUITS AND VECETABLES.
Price.s  Ioloderate, and Entire  Satisfactioit Given  to  Gitests.
J. &d B. L. WAGNER, Proprietors.
446 
ITS PAST IHIISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
BALTIMORE, WEST POINT AND RICHMOND!
RICHMOND AND YORK RIVER LINE.
One of the llollowing Magniiflceeit Steanmlers,
'LOUISE,*7'HAVANA,* "SUE,P
Leaves Pier 10, Li-lit St., Baltimore, Tutiesday, Tlillrsdaly and Satirday, at 4 P. ll.,
C(onnecting at West Point early next morning with RICHMOND, YORK RIVER AND CHESAPEAKE P. 1.
F O R   R I C 1 1 O _,-AN 1) 
And with PIEDMONT AIR-LINE R. W. and CHESAPEAKE AND OHIO R. R., for all Points ill th(
SOUTH AND SOUTHWVEST AND VIRGINIA SPRINGS.
Richmond, York River and Chesapeake Railroad.
I Mile:. PASEENGER.     (RCIHM()OND  2'IIMF.)    Miles. PASSENGER.
I. e. BOSTON (via Rail)............ 900 P. r M    Lve. NEV ORLEANS (N 0. & Mob.)              5 00 P. P.
BOSTON (via Sound).... 5 30 P. M.                    MOBILE (Mob. & Mont. I. R.)         11 30 P. l.
NEW YORK (via Penna. R. R.)            25 A                        M. i INTGOMERY (West Ala ).... 7 00 A. N.
PHILADELPHIA (P W. & B.). 12 10 NOON.             ATLANTA (Atl & R. Air-Line)          3 00 P. l.
BALTI'IOIIE I (via Steamer. 4                     "  SAVANNAH (Cen R. R. ot Ga.) 9 15 A.'I
W EST POINT2............... 0   +8 30 A.   CHAR,ESTON  (So9 Car..)                        915 A. M.
Sweet tlaul.................. 7    8 53   AUiUSTA (Char. Col. & Aug.)                     4 15 P. 3I
Fish Haul.................. 12    9 08           C  HARLOTTE (l'ied't Air-Line)          2 10 A.:1.
White Hous      e................. 14   15  Arr..RICHMOND (Piedm't Air-Line)            3 (00 P.,.
Tunstall's....................1     9 27         Lve..ICON.................. 0   t3 00 1. N
Summit....................... 23    9 42''Fair Oaks....................7    3 18 
Disoatch...................... 25 9 49  Dispatch...................1.. 13 3 37
Fair Oaks. 31   10 10   Summit....................... 15 3 4 
\rlr..riIC ND3..................i 88   10 30) A. ". Tunlstall's................... 20        3 58 "
1.e..RICHlOND (Piedm't Air-Line),       1 10 P.           White  os................ 24    4 09
\il,CrAJILOTTE (Pied't Air-Line)        2 10 A.          Fish Haul................... 26    4 16 
AtrtUSTA (Char Col. & Au'z.)         8 30 A. 1.."  Sweet Haul...........            31 1 4 32 
CHARLESTON (Son. Car. It. R.)        4 45 A.. I Arr..WEST POINT 2I..........       38    5 00 P. N
SAVANNAH (Cen 13. R. of Ga.)         7 00 A. 1. "    BALTIMIRE (via Steamer)                7 00 A N
ATLANTA (Atl. & R. Air-Lite);    1,0 P... PHILADELPHIA (P. W. & B.). 1 20  3N
MONTGOONIERY (W. Ala. it. it.)      9( P. M.  I     NEW YOitK (via Peuna R. R.)            4 10 P. r
"NIOBILE (3lob. &, Mont. 1R. t.)     4 10 A..  BOSTO)N (via Rail)............. 15 A  -
\rr..NEw ORLEaNS (N. (). & rMobl......... )  10 P 0 A^. NL   Arr.. BOSTON (via Sound)...........  f  A
C4NNECTI4)NS -I With Railroads divergini.,.  2 With Steamers for Baltimore. 3 Wih I'iedmonlt AirLine; Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac; Richmond and Petersburg; Chesapeake and Ohio Railroads.
Daily, except Mlonday.  t Daily, except Sunday.
TRANSFER COACHES in Attendance at Depot on Arrival of Trains.
3.. SBTiBOWS, Pres't, Albion, NA. ]. TEOS. OLYDE, V. Pres., Plhiladelp)hia. H. T. DOUGLAS, Supt. W. E. SMITH, Troa:.
S. T. DeFORD, Jr., Gen. Pass. Agt.   REUBEN'OSTER, Gen. Manager, Baltimore, Md.
General Offices,. RICHIMOND, VIRGINIA.
447 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
THE NORTHERN CENTRAL RAILWAY.
Having given on pages 291-300 an extended, illustrated description of this grand
corporation, in which its importance and valuable relations to Ballimore were shown, we
refer to it again in view of the new developments in its recent history, and the great
enterprises that it has undertaken, which will contribute even more largely to our growth
and importance as a commercial and manufacturing city.
The Extensive Workshops of the Company have been established here, which are
among the most complete in the country, and employ hundreds of hands, and maintain a
large number of families, that otherwise might be in idleness and destitution.
The Company has erected an elegant building on the corner of Calvert and Centre
streets, for the accommodation of its offices, which in point of style and proportion, is
one of the handsomest in our city, built by the enterprising firm of Messrs. S. H. & J. F.
Adams.
Large purchases of Real Estate have been made on Monument, Madison, North and
Buren Streets, and on the Falls, which are being improved with Depots and Tracks;
thus the Company is adding largely to the taxable basis of the city. These purchases
and improvements will amount to about $700.000. This is independent of its improvements at Canton, the value and results of which, to the city, cannot be estimated. These
consist of extensive Grain Elevators, Freight Sheds, Wharves, Warehouses, Docks,
Trestle Piers for Coal, and every possible facility for shipment and transfer of all kinds of
freight. There will also be Special Warehouses to be used exclusively for Coffee, Sugar
and Flour.
By the arrangements made with the Western Maryland Railroad, the Company
secures the great and growing traffic of that road, especially in Cumberland and other
soft coals, and in connection with the Union Railroad through the Union Tunnel, gives
us at Canton, terminal facilities to which nothing in the other Atlantic Cities can compare.
The citizens of Baltimore and Maryland cannot too highly esteem this Road, which
sustains such relations to their Cilty and State, and closely connects them with the
greatest and richest sections of the country, and has added incalculably to their solid
wealth and commercial prominence. The success of this road means the welfare of
Baltimore   The prosperity of the one is identical with that of the other.
At the last election the following officers were chosen, who constitute its present
efficient administration:
President, THOMAS A. SCOTT; Vice President, A. J. CASSATT; Secretary, ROBERT S.
HOLLINS; Treasurer, JOHN S. LEIB, Auditor, JOHN CIEOwE; General Counsel, WAYNE
MCVEAGH; General Manager, FRANK THOMSON.
THE BALTIMORE AND POTOMAC RAILROAD
Forms with the Northern Central Railway a main trunk line between the South and
the North West and North. Under the efficient management of its administration great
improvements have been made, and arrangements perfected, whereby it is a most desirable route of travel. The NEW SIXTH STREET DEPOT in Washington City, (built by
S. H. & J. F. Adams, of our city, on whom it reflects great credit,) is an evidence of the
prosperity and popularity of the Road, and of the purpose of its managers to consider the
comfort and convenience of the travelling public. It is built of pressed brick and free
stone, and is a very handsome specimen of the Renaissance in architecture, possessing
448 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
some novel and pleasing features, and is one of the ornaments of Washington. The interior arrangements are complete, comprising large sitting rooms for ladies and gentlemen,
a spacious and pleasant restaurant and dining rooms. The Ladies' Parlor is handsomely
furnished and conveniently situated, both to the street and cars. The main saloon is very
large and airy, with perfect ventilation, being, as it were, an inside court with handsome
galleries on each floor, upon which the offices and roonis of the Company open.
The entrance to the cars and platforms are protected from the weather, and the police
regulations are most perfect, so that this may be considered as to the building itself and
all of its appointments and management, a Model Depot.
Its nearness to all of the principal hotels, public buildings and lines of city railways,
makes it most convenient and desirable, and proves the wisdom and foresight which
located it there.
CANTON COMPANY.
The account given on pages 281-285 of Canton is most authentic and complete, and
forcibly presents the immense importance which it and its allied interests sustain to
Baltimore.
The CANTON COMPANY, who originated this great enterprise, and during long years of
undaunted energy and patient waiting, developed it to its present proportions, deserves
the gratitude and praise of all Baltimoreans who desire the advancement of their city.
Early prospecting the growth and possibilities of Baltimore as a manufacturing and
commercial city, the company selected that section so admirably adapted to manufactures
and shipping; and by affording the greatest facilities, encouraging enterprise, and liberally
providing for the accommodation of the industrial class, it has, in the face of gigantic
competition at home and elsewhere, constituted Canton one of the greatest business
localities in the United States. We do not propose traversing the same ground as in our
former article, but only to make prominent mention of this company as suggested to our
own mind by the last annual report of the President and Directors.
As a report of operations during a year of unprecedented commercial depression, it
must be very gratifying and assuring to the stockholders.  There is scarcely a financial
corporation in the country which has not materially suffered from the general distress,
either in the falling off of demand or shrinkage of values; especially has this been the case
with real estate corporations and investments, and railway interests. Yet, the prosperity
of the Canton Company has been maintained, though its capital consists most largely in
real estate.  It has always pursued the most judicious course, never having established
prices that were either speculative or excessive. The policy has ever been to sell at prices
which would encourage investment, either for homes or business purposes, and yet be
fairly remunerative to the company. Thus proceeding only on a real and legitimate basis
in its operations, its landed estate has not been subject to fluctuations which obtain in
ordinary real estate investments; and there has been even during these untoward times
no decline in prices. Indeed on account of increased railroad and terminal facilities
much of the property has appreciated in value. A number of leases has been effected for
manufacturing purposes, which will greatly add to the population as well as the capital
employed.
We gather from the report that by the sale of certain ground rents to the Trustees of
the Union Railroad Company, a considerable portion of the bonded debt has been
redeemed and cancelled. The income of the company was increased over that of the
previous year and the expenses reduced over $13,000.00.
449 
THE MIONUMENTAL CITY,
The receipts for the year ending May 31, 1876, are in excess of those of any year since
1S70, while the expenses have been materially diminished, leaving a large cash balance.
For the security of the debt, the Company has its large landed estate consisting of 18,000
building lots and 900 acres of farm and wood land, and over three miles of water front on
the deep water of the harbor, and other valuable securities, such as the Union Railroad,
&c., of nearly $3,500,000.
The proposed extension of Patterson Park eastward, in view of which the Directors
have made the liberal offer of 91 acres, will greatly enhance the value of the lots in that
portion of the property.
The improvements begun by the Northern Central Railway Company, in the way of
wharves, warehouses, elevators and other shipping and terminal facilities, will greatly
increase the receipts of grain and other commodities from this country and from Europe.
This brief survey of the condition and prospects of the company must convince all, of its
strength and importance, and the substantial character of its property and stock. With
its past record of able and judicious management, and the character and standing of its
present Officers and Board, it needs nothing more to commend it to capital seeking
investment, either in real estate or industrial enterprises.
Officer?s-CIAs. J. BAKER, President; GEO. S. BROwN, Vice President; W. W. JANNEY,
Secretary and Treasurer.
Directors-CHAS. J. BAKER, GEO. S. BRowN, WM. G. HARRISON, CHAS. WEBER,  S.
SPRIGG BELT, of Baltimore;  ABM. B. BAYLIS, WM. MERTENS,  JAS. B. COLGATE,  GEO.
F. STONE, of New York City.
Established  189a.
H. MAGNE,
Manufacturer of
CEDAR
Wood Ware,
of every description.
NEST TUBS,
PAILS, BUCEETS,.
CHURNS,
~4:~fi~-2~: -Measures, &c.
W. PRATT ST., BALTIMORE.
BENJAMIN RUSSELL.
,lanufacturer and Wholesale Dealer in
BOOTS A
Nos. 16 and 18 South Howard Street,
BALTIMORE..
4D0
Nos. 408 to 4i8
=T=Erv:3IDIr,
See Page;  1(;1, 1612 and  l15. 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
THE SAFE DEPOSIT AND TRUST COMPANY
OF BALTIMORE,
Chartered by the Legislature of Maryland,
FOR THE
SAFE KEEPING OF VALUABLES,
AND THE
Renting of Safes in their Burglar Proof Vaults, in the New and Elegant Fire Proof
Building, erected by the Company on SOUTII STREET, BALTIMORE..
with Special Authority to act as Executors, Administrators, Guardian and Trustee
of Estates or of Individuals.
The great advantages to be der,ived from having a Corporation for TRUSTEE, especially of Estates.
are so numerous and so apparent, that it is not necessary to enlarge upon them here, as all parties
intere-ted wCill upon application at the office of the Company, have the matter fully explained.
B. F. NEWCOMER,       ROBERT LEHR,         S. M. SHOEMIAKEYI,    H. S. SIIRYOCK,
F. T. KING,       W. T. WALTERS,          R. T. BALDWIN.
B. F. NEWCOMER, PIES'T.   ROBERT LEHR, V. PREs'T,   WN. A. WISONG. SEc'Y AND TREAS'P.
See page ~165.
401 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
BENJ'N F. BENNETT,
NORTH CHARLES bTREET.
CONTRACTOR AND BUILDER,
No. 44
S. HOWARD STREET,
BALTIMORE.
BUILDER OF
Mt. Vernon Place M. E. Church, see page 66; Academy of Music, page 332,
and Home of the Aged of the M. E. Church, page 53.
4,5,4
SECOND STREET 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
GEORGE J. ZIMMERMAN,
ARCHITECT, BUII LDER,
AND
$ uperin-tein dent,
169 VT. BIDDLE STREET,
BDAVID CARSON  TISORNE.
DAVID CARSON & SON,
Contiractors and Builders,
Office at Carson & Co.
LI7:)fB E DEi LERS,
Park and Biddle Streets,
eBALTIMOPE.
YOUNG O. WILSON,
BRICK MANUFACTUR ER,
IEST QUALITY OF
DUST AND SAND PRESSED,
Dressed Sand and Hand Made Common Brick,
YARDS-Washington Road.   OFFICE-No. I North Paca Street,
REAR O4F PEOPLE'S BANK. BALT]l'ORE.
HAll orders will receive prompt attention.      See pttages 24S-9.
J. Ir. ST,4LLING,S.           B. -:FE B_EX.NEf'T.
J. WV. STALLINGS & CO.
MANUFACTURERS OF
HANDE MADE 1BR,IC~S,
Dust, Sand, Hand Made, Pressed and Common Brick,
OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS,
SECOND YARD SOUTH SIDE WASHINGTON ROAD,
OFFICE, 41 S. HOWARD STREET,
iAll Orders Promptly Executed.             BALTIMORE.
453
Genier al
See pages 188-9). 
THE MIONUMIENTAL CITY,
WM. H. PITCHER.                         J. REESE PITCHER.
IWM H. PITCHER & SON,
BRICK MANUFACTURERS,
BEST QUALITY OF
Dust and Sand Pressed, Dressed Sand and Hand Made
YARDS-WASHINGTON ROAD,
Office-No. 4 South Paca Street, Second Door from Baltimore.
See pages 248-9.  ALL ORDERS WILL RECEIVE PROMPT ATTENTION.
THE HOUSE OF ROBERT LAWSON & CO.
No. 277 W. Baltimore street, (see page 167,) is one of those characteristic establishments
which have given Baltimore prominence among the great manufacturing cities of America.
The senior Mr. Robert Lawson through a period of more than thirty years, by indomitable enterprise, has, against the powerful competition of northern manufacturers, built up
his house which is now one of the first in the trade.
They manufacture Saddles, Harness, Trunks, and import and sell Saddlery Hardware,
Whips, Horse-blankets and all goods pertaining to their department. They have three
establishments in the city —the Factory No. 16 McClellan's Alley, Warehouse 16 S. Sharp
Street, and the Sales and Warerooms 277 W. Baltimore street.
The Factory is the largest and most complete South of New York. It is supplied with
the most improved machinery and employs a large number of skilled workmen.
The cellar and first two floors are devoted to the manufacture of Trunks of every description, the best material being employed, and in style and durability they cannot be
surpassed by those of any factory North. The upper stories comprise the Harness and
Saddlery Factory-this department has attained a wide reputation. The very best of
leather is used and the finish of the work is of the highest order The display of stock
in their Warerooms is very attractive.
The House may well be congratulated on its success and untarnished reputation, and
we take pride in citing it as one of the signal instances of the result (f untiring industry
and honorable dealing.
Established A. D. 1854.
Baltimore Collar Factory.
COLLARS FOR GALLED NECKS
A:?I:T
277 W. Baltimore Street.   S(-,e page 1(;*. 
4.51 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
THOMAST1 1I.IStt 1,1) 1SH S-.7,.
THOMAS  SHANKS,
DEALER IN
New and Second Hand Machines, Iron and Wood,
AND
BOILERS and ENGINES, PRINTING PRESSES, SEWING MACHINES, &c.
If you have any Machines for Sale, send le a list withl
iP~~~ ~           lowest price.
N. B.-No Charge for Storage, except the goods are remnoved.
SHANES'S BUILDING, S. W. COI. SHARP & LOMBARD STS.,
Price. 4 Horse Power, $330, to 15 Horse Power, $850.  BALTO.
FREDERICK
(Late with
]BRO3THE]O
AND DEALERS IN
Foreign and Diomestic Ha:
4 N. HO'ARD STi:REET,
BALTIMORE.
SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN TO ORDERS.
See pa e 155.
(HS a j       ~\ery~
332 WI,+ Bltmore  &tO
See page 170.
BURNS & SLOAN, LUMBER DEALERS,
138 LIGEHT STREET WHARF.
See pages 188 and 246.
455
FRANCIS ALBERT,
Late of Penniman & Bro.)
RS,
rdware,
I
JOSHUA REGESTER & SONS.
I
See page 204. 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
ST. PETER'S P. E. CHURCH,
At thie col'n-e' of Dluio l Hill Aveniue an(d — a-aIle Street,
Is one of the most beautiful church edifices in the city. It was built in 1871, of white
marble in the Norman Gothic style, surmounted by a graceful spire and castellatedc
tower. The original structure, on the lot at the corner of Sharp and German streets,
was built in 1802, which Mr. Andrew B. McCreery, formerly of this city, and now of
Paris, France, purchased and where he has erected, at great cost, an iron fire-proof
building, called the "McCreery Building," which is one of the handsomest and most
massive business edifices in the city and occupied by some of our leading importing and
commission merchants, who have made it the centre of a very large trade.
The Church has enjoyed the ministry of eminent Rectors, three of whom were elevated
to the Episcopate-Bishops Henshaw, Atkinson and Cummins. The congregation has
always been largely composed of influential and valuable citizens, and among the present
number we mention one of our most honored merchants, Wm. Woodward, Esq., who
has been superintendent of the Sunday School for over fifty years. Under the present
Rector, Rev. Julius E. Grammer, D. D., the congregation has greatly enlarged and extended the sphere of its operations.
456 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
— _.... 11'tltllj,
,, I i 8  
_; 114 O e,;,
I',lllli,
FRIENDS' MEETING HOUSE AND SCHOOL HOUSE,
(ORTHODOX,)
N. 1I. (ore  Eutaxv and iit iw-t(l Mtl.'e1  e.
THE KELSO HOME,
For Orphan Children of the M. E. Churclh.
On page 5t we briefly alluded to the munificent appropriation of our venerable citizen
Mir. Thomas Kelso for an Orphan Home. Under his own supervision it is now in successful operation. He has in charge of it a matron who is admirably fitted for the position.
The children are all dressed differently, so that the sombre appearance of an Orphan
Asylum is absent from this.  They receive their education by special arrangement with
the Public Schools, and at the Colvin Institute of which Mr. Kelso is president, and which
he largely sustains. Thus this institution is in every possible aspect a /ome and the
children are as happy in it, as orphaned childhood can be.
Mr. Kelso has himself invested the fund in ground rents, and it now has a revenue ample for all its needs, and secure against those contingencies which attach to p)ost 9?iortev1
benevolence. In this he has shown his wisdom, and shall receive the greater reward.
"It is more blessed to give than to receive."
45, 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
THE WESTERN AND SOUTHWESTERN
SUBURBS.
Notwithstanding the fact that the region of country lying immediately west and south west of Baltimore has never been so thickly settled as the suburbs in the northwestern
and northern direction, its peculiar beauty of scenery and superior natural advantages
have not by any means escaped attention. Indeed, it is certain that but for the interpo sition of "Gwynn's Falls," the territory to which we refer would, long ago, have been
dclotted with villas and the streets of the city would have extended that way a mile or two
beyond their present limits. The picturesque appearance of the valley through which the
stream referred to flows, has always made it a favorite resort of those who sought to ride
or drive from the city through the most attractive district and purest atmosphere. The
whole area, from the line of the falls as far back as the high and rolling lands in Howard
county, which drain to the Patapsco river, has always been regarded as one of the healthiest
and most productive portions of the State, and was very early settled by wealthy and
refined people. In more recent years, as Baltimore has grown and the demand for
suburban residences correspondingly increased, efforts have, from time to time, been made
to overcome the obstacles which seemed to prevent direct and rapid communication with
this region. The Frederick Road, which was once the great highway of the famous
wagon trade with the West, has become entirely inadequate to the accommodation of the
daily local travel to and from the city in that direction. While along its borders, as far as
the village of Catonsville, a thrifty and industrious population has rapidly accumulated
and a line of horse railway is in active and successful operation, still, the development-of
the country more remote from it, on both sides, has rendered the opening of new avenues
and the construction of new bridges indispensably necessary. A very large number of
elegant and comfortable places border on the Frederick Road; some of which we enumerate:
Wm. Wilkens & Co., page 184; Charles Shipley, Mary's Choice; Dutchess of Leeds' estate;
A[ount Olivet, (see article;) McTavish estate; Loudon Park Cemetery; C. Irving Ditty;
Lewis Seldner; Dr. Schwartz; G. A. Schlens; H. H. Graue, Airy Hill; Charles J.1. Baker,
\thol; William Baker, Tremont; Alexander Rieman, Aqua Vista; Hermon Simon; John
(). Hewlett's estate; Dr. H. P. C. Wilson, Idle High; John Cummings;  John Stellman,
-Larkiandcl; Benjamin Whiteley, Herndon; Asa Needham's estate, Montrose; Henry James,
Tower Hill; Talbot J. Taylor, Cloud Cap; John B. Phillips; D. C. Howell; Hon. William
.. Albert, Belmont; H. K. Hoffman, Winston; Thomas M. Johnson; John Gill; Alexander
(Gould; William W. Taylor, Craigie-Burn; T. L. Tinsley, Paradise; Dunmore; Hon. John
Wethered; Dr. James Armitage; Robert Lawson, Mount Herbert; Dr. Charles G. W. Magill,
Eureka; St. Timothy's; Henry J. Farber; James A. Gary, The Summit; E. Livezey, Elton
Park; Charles Keidel; Rev. Dr. Ebeling, Overlea Home School; Three Flour Mills, James
E. Tyson, Samuel Hazlehurst, Frederic Tyson, owners.
WILKENS AVENUE, which is to run nearly parallel with the Frederick Road to the
south of it, was projected some years ago and is now in a fair way of completion.  Notwithstanding the indomitable energy and public spirit of the wealthy gentleman after whom
it was named and of other citizens, who were equally interested in the enterprise, the
construction of this avenue has been long delayed by litigation now happily ended. The
questions at issue have been settled, and under the terms of a special act of the last
Legislature, the work is being rapidly pushed forward. This road, which is of excellent
width and regular and easy grades, will extend from the city limits for a distance of about
six miles to intersect the old "Rolling Road" leading from the Relay House, on the
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, to Catonsville. It will open up a most beautiful country
II
-458 
ITS PAST IHIISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
and bring many splendid estates into direct communication with the city. Several of the
most important public institutions will be reached in this way, and among them we may
mention particularly the St. Mary's Industrial School, the Protestant Manual Labor
School, St. Agnes' Hospital, and the Maryland Insane Asylum.  The residences and
country seats of many prominent and wealthy persons are also located on the line of this
avenue-William Wilkens &t Co., page 184; George F. Webb, page 136, Millington Mill;
Clairmont Company; J. B. Brinkley; Mrs. Caldwell; Joseph Judik; A. Seemuller's estate,
Linden; Robert Fowler's estate, Harvest Home; John Fowler; Robert W. Rasin, Athol
Grasslands; G. S. Watts, Beverly; David Carson, Homewood; Prof. N. R. Smith; Thomas
C. Yearly; Capt. E. K. Cooper; Spring Grove Asylum, see page 48; MIrs. Lurman,
Farmlands; C. Morton Stewart, Bellevue, see page 228; Dr. J. P. Thom, Manor Vale;
John Glenn's estate; George Richstine, Foxhall. Directly at the city limits an extensive
area of ground belonging to Mr. William Wilkens is being built upon and improved with
great taste.
North of the Frederick Road and south of the Franklin turnpike, there is also being
constructed another avenue, to be called "EDMONDSON AVENUE."  This work is
being done under the provisions of the street law for Baltimore county-George H.
Carman, Lewis Lehman and John Cole, commissioners; William H. Shipley, engineer-the
commissioners having laid it out and made the assessments for benefits and damages, upon
the petition of property owners along the line. This new avenue is one hundred feet
wide and of uniform easy grade, extending from the city limits a distance of two and a
half miles to a point where it will intersect the old Frederick road, and from which there
is already direct communication with Catonsville. This work will develope a remarkably
beautiful country hitherto almost cut off from the city by the obstacles to which we have
before alluded.  The range of hills over which the road will pass, known as "Hunting
Ridge," has advantages of landscape and water view not excelled anywhere in the State.
From almost all the building sites in the neighborhood, as from every portion of this
western section, the view extends over the city and all its environs and across the
Chesapeake Bay to its Eastern Shore.  From the upper rooms of the houses, the State
House steeple at Annapolis, distant forty miles, can plainly be seen. This avenue, after
passing on the eastern side of the falls, through the extensive property of Mr. A. S. Abell
and Mr. Charles Shipley, and what was part of the old almshouse farm, enters on the
western side of the stream and passes through the extensive estates of the late Captain
Richard B. Fitzgerald, William Heald, Hugh  Gelston, and  Hon. Reverdy Johnson,
Lindhurst. On or near its line are the Cathedral Cemetery, and the beautiful country
seats, residences and property of Charles M. Heald, Allendale; James A. Wilson, Bonnie
Brae; John Swan, Hunting Ridge; Thomas Winans; William F. Frick; P.S. Chappell's
estate; WVilliam WVilkens, Villa Wilkens; Arthur H. Mann, Laurel Hill; George F. Page;
AIt. De Sales; S. S. Boggs, Prospect Hill; George R. Granger, Oak Lawn; Ross Campbell's
estate; Mr. Crosby's estate; George J. Appold, Glenwild, three hundred and twenty acres,
see page 163; Miss Gibson, Ingleside Seminary; A. W. Stehman. N ear the eastern section
of the avenue are situated the properties of John Hurst, Poplar Grove; Thomas L. Berry's
estate, Woodland Grove; Gen. John S. Berry, Dukeland; Cary McClelland; E. A. Tinker;
Hiram Kaufman; Rev. Franklin Wilson; Francis White; James Broumel; Wm. So Rayner;
Thomas G. Scharf; Hebrew Orphan Asylum.  The completion of this avenue, which
will certainly be accomplished during the present season, will produce a wonderful change
in all this country.  In a few years it will doubtless be covered with cottages and
intersected with new roads, for its elevated position and delightful atmosphere cannot fail
to commend it, at once, to all who are seeking suburban locations. The scenery along
this road, and particularly the wild beauty of the banks of Gwynn's Falls, will always
make it a popular thoroughfare.  The Bridge now being constructed over the falls, four
8
I
I
4 D 9
I
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THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
hundred and fifty feet in length, will be a very fine work and reflect great credit upon our
skillful and enterprising citizen,Wendell Bollman, (see page 218.) The substantial masonry
was done by Haffer & Pilert.  The entire improvement cost over $Sr;,000O. The general
direction and supervision of the whole improvement have beer shiefly in the hands of
George H. Carman, one of the commissioners. While his faithful discharge of duty has
been duly appreciated, his display of good taste and judgment has been also recognized.
The country is being intersected with avenues running north and south, chief of which
are ATHOL and BEECHFIELD. The former has been constructed at great expense by
Charles J. Baker and C. Irving Ditty; beginning on the Frederick turnpike and running to the old Frederick road, west of Loudon Park Cemetery, and which has been extended by James A. Wilson through his property, Bonnie Brae, to Edmondson Avenue,
near the late Reverdy Johnson's estate. This avenue binds on Athol, the beautiful
property of Charles J. Baker, from which it derives its name. A large portion of this
has been laid off and handsomely enclosed in building lots and villa sites, that for
healthfulness and beauty of situation are unsurpassed. It also binds on Irvington, the
handsome improvement of C. Irving Ditty, a group of graceful cottages, which are unusually attractive as suburban residences.
Athol Avenue connects with Beechfield, a little to the west on the turnpike, and by it
forms a direct communication with Wilkens Avenue. Thus a continuous connection is
made between Edmondson and Wilkens Avenues, and over the choicest portion of this
western section.
Too much praise cannot be accorded to the public spirit and liberal enterprise of the
gentlemen who are thus developing one of the most charming and attractive sections of
Baltimore county.
MOUNT OLIVET CEMETERY.
On the Frederick road, two and a half miles from the city, is located Mount Olivet
Cemetery, a noted burial place for the ministers of the M. E. Church. The idea of such
a Cemetery originated with the late Rev. George C. M. Roberts, M.D., D. D., founder
of the Methodist Historical Society and an eminent local preacher, who prevailed with
the Board of Trustees "of the M. E. City Church in the city and precincts of Baltimore,'"
to purchase a ground for the above purpose. It includes thirty-three acres, and commands a fine view of the Patapsco river to its entrance into the Chesapeake bay. Some
of the most illustrious men, both of the clergy and laity of this church, sleep here. What
is unusual, and a feature of special interest, a certain part of the cemetery is appropriated
for the itinerant ministers who may not have provided a burial place here or elsewhere.
In this preacher;s' lot, as it is called, repose the remains of many of the great men of the
church whose devotion to Christ and zeal for His cause make up the most interesting portion of the History of Methodism in the United States. Four of the Bishops are buried
in this lot, all o'f whom were national men, for the system of Methodist Episcopacy, being
a general superintendency, extends the supervision of these officers of the church over
every part of our great country; it especially deserves to be mentioned that the Father of
American Methodism, Bishop Asbury, is buried here.  For many years his remains rested
under the pulpit of one of the city churches, but soon after the opening of the cemetery,
they were removed to the preachers' lot.  On either side of him lie the remains of Bishops
George and Emory. Within the same enclosure Bishop Waugh is buried. A handsome
monument has been erected by the Trustees, who hold the ground; on each of the four
sides of which is inscribed a fitting epitaph, in honor of these distinguished men. For
I
460 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
many years Bishop Waugh's home was Baltimore, where he exerted a wide-reaching influence, and was universally respected. Under his ministry, long before he was called to
the duties of the Episcopal office, the father of the author of this work, Mr. Samuel
Howard, joined himself to the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which he continued an
honored member for sixty-five years; he died April 27, 1876, at his residence, Clifton
Farm, Muskingum County, near Zanesville, O., in his 92nd year. East and West of the
Alleghany Mountains, he was well known and distinguished for the voluntary and powerful exhortations he would frequently deliver at the close of the sermon by the minister.
As his life was a beautiful example of piety, his death was a scene of holy triumph.
To this preachers' lot have been brought the remains of Robert Strawbridge, who, it is
believed, was the first Methodist preacher that organized a society in America. Next to
his, is the grave of Jesse Lee, and near by lies the Saint of "Pilgrim's Rest," Henry
Smith. Others of the fathers, together with many of their brilliant sons, might be added
to the list if we had the space to sparefor such a record. The Local Preachers' Association of Baltimore have purchased a portion for the interment of their members, and here
lie the remains of faithful men who have done a work whose results may not be measured
by time.
It is very natural that this Cemetery should possess a special interest to the clergy of
the MI. E. Church. During the Session of the Centennial General Conference held in this
city in May last, the delegation of the New England Conference learning that Jesse Lee,
who planted Methodism in New England, was buried there, visited his grave, and within
a few weeks afterward a beautiful monument arrived from Boston-which, with appropriate ceremonies, was unveiled July 11th, 1876-in commemoration of the Eighty-sixth
Anniversary of the first sermon preached by this christian hero from Virginia under the
famous oldct Elm Tree on Boston Common. To Methodists, from all parts of the country,
who visit Baltimore, there will be much to interest them at Mount Olivet.
LOUDON PARK CEMETERY.
One of the distinctive and most attractive features of this western section is Loudon
Park Cemetery. It is situated about three miles from the city, on an elevated and undulating plateau between the Frederick Road and Wilkens Avenue; having a handsome and
spacious entrance on the former, built in the Roman style of architecture. A massive
gateway, designed for an opening to Wilkens Avenue, which affords a more beautiful
approach to the cemetery, will, when completed, constitute the main entrance.
Loudon Park was formerly a private residence and one of the most elegant estates on
the Frederick Road, containing 110 acres, whose surpassing beauty and admirable adaptation to its present use were readily appreciated by the incorporators of the cemetery, and
soon after its purchase the Directors of the Company, who were gentlemen of taste and
energy, put into execution those plans and improvements which have made it one of
the loveliest of our "Cities of the Dead."
The Cemetery was incorporated on the 22nd of February, 1853, and consecrated July
14th of the same year with appropriate and imposing ceremonies.
Owing to the felt necessity for a new burying place for our rapidly growing city, and
the superior situation and attractions of Loudon Park, it soon commanded general attention and favor; and was selected by many citizens, churches and corporate institutions as
the resting place for their d(lead.
461 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
MIany of the remains from the old cemeteries that have given way before the march of
improvement, are deposited here, and which, owing to the situation and franchises of the
cemetery, will in all probability lie undisturbed until the resurrection.
Here "rest in peace" the remains of the departed of old St. Peter's,Whatcoat and Mount
Zion Grave Yards; here as the chosen cemetery of many present congregations, rest
their dead; and here the soldiers of the federal and confederate armies who fell in deadly
combat, "sleep their last sleep" beneath the same sod, and within the same enclosure,
two separate portions having been consecrated as their burial place. Their graves are
carefully watched and tendled, and annually decorated with flowers and a tribute paid
to their memory and their devotion to the cause in which they fell.
The place has been admirably chosen-containing within itself every feature and advantage which fit it for a cemetery; the variety of its surface beauty giving unlimited scope
to landscape adornment; its perfect drainage; its magnificient old forest trees, that bestow
a solemn grandeur which art could not impart. Its situation is beautiful beyond descrip
tion. From its elevation, the eye ranges a country which for quiet beauty is not excelled
anywhere; diversified with hills and valleys in the highest state of cultivation, and
adorned with beautiful villas and cottages.
It commands the most extensive view of the Chesapeake bay whose marvellous waters,
like an immense mirror reflect the golden glory of the sun, and gild the scene o'er which
the funereal associations of Loudon Park shed a sadness, to many a gloom.
To the native beauty, the skilled hands of the landscape gardener and the artisan, have
added greatly. The avenues and terraces; the grouping of evergreens and shrubbery;
the monuments and curbings of the lots underneath towering trees-remnants of a forest
long since passed away-make it unique and unusually attractive.
Among the multitude of elegant and artistic monuments, we mention only the grand
MIausoleum erected at the cost of $15,000, a work unsurpassed in any cemetery we have
seen.
The monument to the late Capt. Rich'd B. Fitzgerald of the distinguished firm of
Fitzgeraldl Booth & Co. It consists of a vault with statues and vases, costing $16,000.
The statues represent respectively the Saviour and the angel Gabriel; on the vases are
carved figures of the three Miarys at the tomb, and Mary Magdalene meeting Jesus on the
morn of the resurrection. It is an exquisite work of art, wrought by Rhinehart, in
Rome, 1865.
The Officers and Directors by whom this cemetery has become so enriched and beautified
deserve commendation for so judicious a selection, and for their liberal enterprise which has
brought it to its present attitude among the great cemeteries of this country.
The Board of Officers and Directors consist of
HENRY A. TIIO.IPSON, President;               W. F. PRIMROSE, Secretary and Treasurer.
Diriectors-HENRY A. T.HOMPSON, WM. F. BuRxxs, JOIN A. WIITRIDGE, JOHN  Q.
GINNODO, JACOB H. TAYLOR, W. F. PRIMROSE.
THE MARYLAND LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Peculiarly a Baltimore institution, shows a gratifying growth, and has become thoroughly
established in public confidence. Its ratio of profits to expenses is greater than that of
any other first-class company in America of the same age. Identified as it is with us, and
having its funds invested largely in our city and State, it is incumbent on our citizens
and to their interest to sustain it by their patronage. See page 429.
462 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
SOME OF THE OLD BUSINESS HOUSES OF
BALTIMORE.
In the quick haste and absorbing pursuit after prosperity, communities too soon forget
those who have preceded them. The question is natural and often asked, what have we
to do with the old men? they belong to a past age. Yet they had a great deal to do with
the present; they laid the foundations of the present prosperity and proportions of ou.r city.
They did a work, exerted influences, started movements, developed resources, pointed
out possibilities, on which their successors have erected a grand city and commonwealth.
There are those living who recall the old Signs, that were not only sign-boards, but
truly Signs of men and merchants who are worthy to live in memory, and in the commercial history of Baltimore.
It is impossible for us to name all of these; those shipping, commission and jobbing houses
that made Baltimore renowned on the seas, and known throughout the country for commercial enterprise. We only recall a few of the Grocery and Commission firms, as their
houses were the headquarters for all the different departments of the trade, and are obliged
for want of space to omit many others worthy of mention.
Among the eminent firms were Bohn & Slingluff, who commenced in 1798. The
house was continued through a number of firms successively and successfully, closing
with C. D. Slingluff & Sons, 1870. Mr. Bohn was for many years President of the Commercial and Farmers Bank.  Mr. Slingluff removed in 1814 to Frederick, now Carroll
County, and for a long period was President of the Bank of Westminster.  Jesse Slingluff, Esq., his son is now and has been for twenty-four years President of the Commercial
and Farmers National Bank. Among his numerous grandsons are John A. and T. Edward
Hambleton, of the house of John A. Hiambleton & Co., who transact a successful banking
business as seen on page 266 of this book.
Their cotemporaries were Elder & Taylor, who commenced in 1810 and continued until
1828, then dissolved and formed Basil S. Elder (whose fifth son is now the R. C. Bishop,
of N-atchez, Miss.) & Son and Joseph Taylor & Son, maintaining the highest reputation
throughout. Talbot Jones & Co., whose successors, at their old stand, are Wilson, Burns
& Co., one of the most prominent and successful houses of Baltimore, (page 119;)
McDonald & Ridgeley; Erskine & Eichelberger; Dinsmore & Kyle; Andrew Gregg & Co.;
Robert Garrett, the founder of Robert Garrett & Sons; Wm. W. Taylor & Co. Mr. Taylor was for a long period President of the Commercial and Farmers' Bank, and was
the grandfather of the present esteemed President of the National Union Bank of
M'aryland, (page 264); Young & Pochon; Gerard T. Hopkins & Co.; Hopkins Bros. & Co.,
bunded by Johns Hopkins; Hopkins & Moore; Abner Webb, who began in 1809; having
ome hither from Savannah, Georgia, conducted a successful business for over forty
ears, and is now the oldest surviving merchant of Baltimore, being in his 94th year; he
as enjoyed uninterruptedly the esteem and confidence of the commnunity, is blessed in his
)ld age with the devotion of a large family circle, and has the gratification of seeing his
sons prosperously and honorably established in business. These were some of the heavy
-ocery firms, who sold to the towns and country of the South and West.
'he Groceries were securely packed and loaded, together with the dry goods, hardware
and the assortment usually bought for country stores, into wagons of six horse teams,
the freights varying of course according to the distance. To the Ohio river, the rates
ianged from 1l to 2~ cents per lb. to Pittsburg, and 25 cents per 100 more toWheeling;
and to distant points in Ohio and Tennessee from 3~ to 4A and 5 cents per lb.; the teams
generally hauling 4 to 5,000 lbs.
Besides the grocery business Elder & Taylor and their succeeding firms were large forwarders of dry goods and other wares bought in Philadelphia, New York and Boston, and
463 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
brought here by sailing vessels from those points, hauled up town where they were
weighed by 56 lb. weights, (before the days of platform scales and steelyards,) and loaded
into wagons. Besides dry goods, shoes, hats and bonnets, and especially Yankee clocks,
made up a large portion of their assorted cargoes.
The produce of the West composed the return cargoes of these wagons; tobacco, ginseng,
snakeroot, butter, lard, beans, beeswax, feathers, hemp, linen, wool, &c., and they were
brought in at a rate of freight generally one-third and sometimes one-half less than the
outward rates.
The excellent turnpike to Cumberland, built mainly by our Banks, at an expense of
nearly $500,000, which was extended by the National Government to Wheeling, and that
to Westminster, Bedford and Pittsburg, aided largely by our merchants, presented great
inducements to trade with'Baltimore.
The time occupied by these teams to Wheeling, was 16 to 18 days and to Pittsburg 14 to
16 days-so that the merchants of the present day may appreciate the change that has
come over the face of things within the last forty-five years. The freight on a pound of
coffee then to Columbus, O., was considered reasonable at four cents, with three weeks
for delivery, whereas, to-day the average rate is + cent per lb. to Cincinnati and Chicago
in about three days for delivery. In 1832 and 1833, when the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad was completed as far as Frederick, the goods generally were sent that far by rail and
then hauled in the wagons, and a few years later this transfer took place at Cumberland.
SAMUEL JONES, JR.
Good and useful men are a city's greatest treasure, they are her most fertile resources
whence she must derive her material and moral wealth. Among the many great and
good men who have been identified with the commercial history of Baltinii)re, Samuel
Jones, Jr. deserves honorable mention. Justice to his useful career among us, and the
gratification of his cotemporaries in the trade, induce us to record in our work a tribute to
his memory, as a representative Baltimore merchant.
He was the junior member of the old and distinguished firm of Talbot Jones & Co., established by Talbot Jones, who emigrated here from Ireland during the rebellion in 1796-98,
and became one of our most important merchants and estimable citizens, was one of the
originators and Directors of the Commercial and Farmers' Bank, the Water Works, B &
Ohio Railroad and other valuable corporations. His son, the subject of our sketch, became early associated in the house, and evinced those qualities of moral and commercial
character for which he was universally respected.
Peculiarly gifted in mental power, which he trained and cultivated to a degree that
constituted him an authority among his cotemporaries and enabled him to guide opinion
upon subjects of great importance in civil and commercial matters; a correct reasoner, a
fluent speaker, an eloquent writer and judicious counsellor, he became necessarily prominent in every relation which he sustained to the community.
In the several relations of life-he was in business indefatigable, in society invariably
courteous and kind, in the church zealous and consistent, in his official position dignified
and scrupulously polite.
He came upon the stage of action at an important era in the history of Baltimore. It
was the period of the inception and rise of many institutions and movements which have
determined largely the commercial strength of the city.
464 
ITS PAST IHISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
From the confidence reposed in his judgment and ability, he was honored with prominent positions. He was a Director of the Commercial and Farmers' Bank, Savings Bank of
Baltimore, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, Merchants' Bank and other Corporations.
He was the first President of the Western Bank of Baltimore, and acting President of
the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad during the absence of the Hon. Lewis McLane, the
then President, to Europe on a special mission for the United States Government.
He was a member of the City Council; State Senator and in connection with Judge
Buchanan of Washington County and General Emory of Eastern Shore, was appointed
by the General Assembly to negotiate the $8,000,000 loan in Europe. Though declining
the appointment, his jealous regard for the credit of the city and state showed itself in the
zeal with which he, together with Osmond C. Tiffany, Thos. W. Hall and other valuable
citizens pursued the matter, resulting in the appointment of George Peabody, then a Dry
Goods Merchant, residing in London as the representative of the Baltimore house of
Peabody, Riggs & Co. The effect of this upon the subsequent career of Mr. Peabody and
the commercial credit and future of Baltimore no one could then forsee; but at this day,
the agency of Mr. Jones appears in that event which made the honor of Maryland and
Baltimore conspicuous, and humanly speaking greatly influenced the remarkable career
of the noble philanthropist.
Mr. Jones was deeply devoted to the interests of Baltimore. The spirit of his enterprise was not satisfied with individual results; it took a broader scope and meditated the
welfare of his fellow citizens. It was his ambition to see Baltimore in the advance of the
commercial cities of America. Thus he writes on the 8th of January, 1874, from New
Orleans, to the author of this book:
"I rejoice with you in the continued and constantly increasing prosperity of Baltimore;
it is only what the project(ors of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad anticipated for it upon
the completion of the Road," &c.
After the reverses of the house of Talbot Jones & Co., feeling keenly the force of that
unrighteous disposition which exists in all communities to animadvert upon those who
suffer financial reverse, he sought another home, and emigrated to New Orleans, contrary
to the expressed wishes of many of our most influential citizens.
It was not long before the citizens of New Orleans discovered that they had received a
valuable accession in him. He went there, not as some have said, "to begin a new life,"
but to start afresh, a business career, in the exercise of the same noble qualities and vir tues which characterized his life here; and to the end, th7at ife was sending out its same
pure streams, only more abundant and refreshing, enriching all that came within-its
boundaries.
After merchandising for several years, he became the Treasurer and Manager of the
New Orleans Savings Institution, which position he held over eighteen years, to the day
of his decease.
The universal regard for him, appears from the extracts we make from the resolutions
of the Board of Trustees and the press of the city.
IN MEMOR[AM.
Be it Resolved, That in the death of Samuel Jones, Jr., our late efficient and worthy
Treasurer, this Institution has lost a faithful and competent officer and friend; one who
has filled the office of Secretary and Treasurer for more than eighteen successive years,
and during that time, he has always enjoyed the fullest and unstinted confidence of the
Board of Trustees.
He was a man of singular purity of character, of rare intelligence, of great and winning
modesty. Never was there an office of trust held with a fuller, clearer sense of duty, and
never was that duty discharged with firmer rectitude, with a deeper relig,ous obligation
465 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
to God and man. We shall long miss him at his daily toil, we shall miss his peculiar
smile, his gentle manners, his quick pleasing address. We would praise him for his general information, his uniform civility, his peculiar trust in man, were it not for the more
praiseworthy traits of his character in his desire to fill the largest measure of duty, his
aims to live that no shadow of wrong should rest upon his life. We tender to his family
the assurance of our sincere sympathy, mingle our sorrows with theirs; and that we may
be aided in cherishing his memory and connecting it with this institution, we recommend
that the President obtain a copy of the best portrait of him that may be procured, and
hang it on the walls of the bank.
W. N. MERCER,
JHo. ALLEN CLARK,
Tios. A. ADAMS,
Committee.
VYew Orleans Daily Picayune, April 24th, 1874.
A few days ago we met that venerable and most amiable gentleman, MIr. Samuel Jones,
Jr., the Treasurer and Manager of the New Orleans Savings Institution, in apparently
good health for a septuagenarian; yesterday morning his death was announced, and this
evening his remains will be followed to the grave by a large number of old friends. Mr.
Jones was a native of Baltimore, and has resided in this city for many years, respected by
everybody and beloved by many. He possessed in a large degree the characteristics of
the Baltimore gentleman, of a high sense of honor, of dignity and purity of life and character combined with a genial love of society, and of good company, and of all the rational
enjoyments of life. Mr. Jones was the cherished friend and fellow countryman of that
venerable patriot and philanthropist, Dr. W. N. Mercer.
Extr(tet froii a letter of Rev. B. -,I. Palmer, D. D., of New  Orleans.
"I knew MJr. Jones intimately, and there were few in my church to whom I was more
tenderly attached,  *    *    *    *    There was no office in the church, to which he
could be elevated, which would not have been conferred upon him, if he could have been
induced to accept it.    *    *    *    *    He was pre-eminently a good man, and his
death filled the community with sorrow."
SAMUEL HOFFMAN.
No city in the United States can boast of a richer legacy in her record of noble and
upright merchants than Baltimore. We have been false to their memory and indifferent to
their example in not having preserved in a conspicuous form a history of their lives.
Samuel Hoffman was one of the noblest of the noble merchants who have given
Baltimore its reputation. He was the seventh son of Peter Hoffman, who emigrated to
Marylandcl from Frankfort on the Main about 1765, and a few years after established in
this city the House of Peter Hoffman & Sons, which became one of the leading houses in
the country, and his family one of the must influential in Maryland.
After the death of his father, Samuel for some time carried on the Dry Goods business
in Philadelphia; but subsequently formed a copartnership with his nephew S. Owings
Hoffman in this city; a man of like character with himself, who became prominent in the
community and Director of the Merchants' Bank, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and
State Senator fiom the city, and was possessed of a high degree of literary and aesthetic
culture.
466 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
At this period the auction and commission business began to assume an important
relation to the trade. They acted upon the auspicious indications, and opened the
Auction House of Hoffman & Co., which soon became famous in all this portion of the
country.
In order to give additional attraction to their sales, they had a resident partner in Europe
to purchase the finest goods in that market; consequently their auction rooms were
crowded with buyers.
At one of these sales a circumstance occurred which illustrates the inflexible rectitude
of Mr. Hoffman's House; a party who had made a notoriously dishonorable failure and in
the settlement defrauded his creditors, was buying.  Mr. Hoffman being informed of the
case, requested him to desist, when he replied "I am buying for cash sir." Mr. H. with
dignified disdain, said "'we do not want your money sir, we demand principle in this
house," and upon his exclusion, Mr. H. was loudly cheered by the crowd present.
To his rectitude and nobleness, was added a genial and sunny spirit, which made his
presence animating and encouraging. During the financial pressure of 1837, caused by
the removal of government deposits, Mr. Hoffman often visited the counting rooms of his
fellow-merchants, speaking words of encouragement and hope, accompanying them with
offers of necessary aid, and freely extending it, without additional interest or commission, which enabled a number to weather the storm, who probably without that, would
have been overthrown. It is not strange that he was honored and loved by all. That he
was elevated to positions of responsibility and trust, as a Director of the Baltimore Branch
of the United States Bank, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company, Merchants' Bank and
other useful corporations.
The esteem in which he was held, and the appreciation of his value to the trade were
illustrated, at a meeting of the Wholesale Dry Goods Merchants, who presented him with
a handsome piece of silver, accompanied with feeling expressions of regard. His implicit
confidence in the merchants of the city was never betrayed; when public confidence was
almost entirely destroyed, when men were losing faith in each other and in the State, he
stood firm, never doubting the ultimate triumph of the honor and ability of his State and
her citizens.
Such men as Samuel Hoffman are truly gifts of God, and their lives serve to elevate the
standard of commercial dealing, and strengthen public virtue. May Baltimore never be
without ensamples of his kind.
OSMOND C. TIFFANY.
The war of 1812 had made Baltimore famous. The indomitable spirit of her enterprise which sent her "Clippers" to the ports of every sea, took the lead in the strife,
and her Privateers became the terror of British commerce. At the close of the war, her
reputation attracted attention in all parts of the Union, and numbers of energetic men
sought it as the field of their industry and fortune.  Among these was Osmond C. Tiffany,
a young man of energy and honor, trained in the business of domestic manufacturing at
Pawtucket, R. I. He arrived in 1815, and soon formed a partnership with his friend
William C. Shaw who had preceded him hither; a gentleman of refined character, and
retiring disposition, who stood before the community as representative of all that is
elevating in manhood, in whose association Mr. Tiffany always took pride.
They introduced a new era in the history of the trade. At first they did strictly a
domestic commission business on Baltimore street, between Howard and Liberty, but in
order to profit by the advantages which they perceived Baltimore to possess as a distribu
467 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
ting market for the South and West, they added to their stock every variety of manufactured goods, straw goods, boots, shoes, wool hats, cotton and wool hand cards, &c., and
began to sell by the package to wholesale dealers, thus creating the first Great Jobbisng
House, and originating that system which has given wealth and renown to Baltimore.
The House soon became the leading one in the city, and its reputation extended to all
parts of the country. This was prior to the days of Rail Roads, and Mr. Tiffany appreciating the advantages of Baltimore over the other Atlantic cities for communication with
the West, determined to seek its growing trade.
His brother Comfort Tiffany, then merchandising in St. Louis, was taken into the firm,
1824, which became Shaw, Tiffany & Co.; bringing to it his large custom and valuable
influence, their expectations were more than realized. Thus Shaw, Tiffany & Co. was
the first house that considerably extended the trade of Baltimore beyond its adjacient
country and across the mountains.
While thus assiduous in his attention to the business of the house, Mr. Tiffany was
not unmindful of the community in which he resided. There was nothing narrow about
him. It seemed a ruling purpose of his heart to benefit his city and his fellow citizens
He made his own success a channel through which to enrich others. He scorned that
inexpressibly mean spirit which seeks to monopolize every customer, and prevent a neighboring house from having access to him. Although the house was able largely to control
the western trade, through Mr. Tiffany mainly, a wagon line to Wheeling was established,
with a joint stock company and a uniform tariff, which greatly advantaged the general
trade of the city, while it was a loss to the individual stockholders of which Shaw, Tiffany
& Co. were the largest.
At this period the city began to make giant strides towards the future; she had regained
her foreign commerce; an immense accession was made to her tonnage; the West was
being laid under tribute; the future began to loom grandly up; the day was propitious
for enterprise; yet it demanded men of prophetic ken, courageous spirit and judicious
action.  Mr. Tiffany was such; he comprehended the situation and took his position in
the fore-front; sustained by an unshrinking faith in the God of this nation, and in its
unbounded resources, he stepped boldly forth and led in the march of trade from this
locality. He became necessarily one of the most conspicuous men in business matters.
He felt the responsibility of his position, and sought always to provide for the security,
honor and prosperity of his city.
When the closing of the United States Bank put the trade in great jeopardy, he came to
the rescue; was among the first to propose the organization of the Nerchants' Bank, and
labored earnestly and successfully to effect the proper legislation, by which the banking
policy of the state was established to the satisfaction of the whole community, and which
resulted in the organization of the other Banks, and a large increase of the banking capital of the city. He was prominently connected with the Merchants' and Union Banks.
Knowing the value of manufactures to the wealth and elevation of a community, his
generous spirit of enterprise set itself to work, and suceeeded in the establishment of the
Baltimore Cotton Factory on the Gunpowder River, and Laurel Factory on the Patuxent,
which created an additional inducement to dealers to trade in our city.
In every movement which directly or indirectly enhanced the welfare of the state and
city, he was an active leader, whether it was of a commercial, civil or benevolent character.
He prominently aided in the erection of the Eutaw House to meet the want of a firstclass hotel in that section. To his efforts more than any other, is due the Baltimore
Athen,um on St. Paul and Saratoga streets, for which he raised most of the money used
in its erection.
It is partially due to his agency that Baltimore has become closely identified with the
name of a man, whom a stricken humanity love, who was blessed of God in his life,
468 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
honored by kings in his death, and whose memory will be hailed by the marching generations till the closing day, when those whom he has blessed, shall "rise up and call him
blessed." We refer to the appointment of George Peabody as the agent of Maryland in
Europe, to negotiate the $8,000,000 loan.
Deeply sensitive to the honor and credit of his state, when it seemed trembling in the
scales of public opinion, when repudiation was advocated and justified even in high places,
Mr. Tiffany gave himself no rest; with Samuel  Jones, Jr., and other noble men, he
frequently visited Annapolis and besought the legislature to maintain the credit of Maryland, and proposed the only practicable measure to avoid the threatened disgrace. He
entertained the joint committees of the House and Senate at his residence, where in company with other leading citizens, the proposed measure was discussed and arrangements
fixed for the payment of the past and future interest on the bonds.
He died suddenly on June 11th, 1851, universally lamented, having lived a truly representative life, which may serve as a guide to those who are threading the perilous paths
of a commercial career.
GEN. WILLIAM McDONALD.
This gentleman may be considered the pioneer in establishing the local shipping trade
of Baltimore. Having emigrated to this country during the existance of the colonies, he
espoused their cause in the revolution, and distinguished himself by his bravery. At the
close of the war, he was honorably discharged at the "head of Elk," and soon came to
Baltimore, where he was engaged as a "hand" in the sloop trade between this city and Elk
river. He rapidly advanced, becoming mate and at last master and owner; having
accumulated a small amount of money, began business in an humble way at Fell's Point,
which soon developed into importance in connection with his sloop trade.
From this arose the Packet business with Philadelphia, by sloops to Frenchtown,
thence across the Peninsula to New Castle on the Delaware, thence by sloop to Philadelphia.
The Fuitton Steamers having now proved a success, Mr. McDonald was quick to perceive
the advantages of rapid transportation, and established the first line of Steamers on
the Chesapeake Bay.
Steamers between Baltimore and Philadelphia soon displaced the Sloop Line; which
carried nearly all the trade between the two cities until the Rail Road Lines were established.
General McDonald was one of the projectors of the "Bay Line of Steamers," and
largely interested in it to the day of his death. He was owner in part and actively engaged
in nearly all of the Steam Lines that were originated and conducted during his active life,
and had the first Steamboat built in this city in 1813, which was named Chesal)eake, to run
between Baltimore and Frenchtown.
The shipping business between this City and Philadelphia, is now chiefly carried on by
the Baltimore and Philadelphia Steamboat Company of which J. Alexander Shriver is
Vice President.
Mr. AIcDonald's active commercial career began about 1790, and he developed a large
trade with the farmers of Maryland and Virginia, supplying them with groceries, and
acting Commission Mterchant for their produce. In 1810 he associated his son Samuel with
him as the firm of William McDonald & Son, under which the business greatly increased
In 1832 Geo. W. Richardson became a partner, and the firm was then Wm. McDonald
& Co. In 1845 Gen. McDonald died and Samuel retired, and the business was sustained
46
I 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
by Mr. Richardson and two former clerks. Mr. Richardson died in 1846 and was succeeded
by the junior members, James MIcConky and Israel M. Parr, who became the clerks of
Gen. McDonald in 1838.  In 1865 Mr. McConky retired and Mr. Parr continued, since
associating with him his son Henry A. Parr, and the firm is now Israel M. Parr & Son,
see page 133; thus the house is one of the very oldest in the City, having had no interruptions or suspensions in its history, and has sustained throughout, the highest credit
and a most valuable part in the commercial growth of Baltimore. MIr. Israel M. Parr
is one of our most important and enterprising merchants; was an originator of the Corn
and Flour Exchange of which he has been president, and is always in the advance in
the advocacy of those measures which meditate the welfare and improvement of the City.
WILLIAM WILSON & SONS.
No house ever established in Baltimore has had a more honorable history; none has
exerted a greater influence than this. They were one of the eminent shipping firms of
their day, and owned a large number of vessels, which carried on an extensive trade with
Calcutta and other East India ports, Holland, England, Brazil, West Coast of.South
America and China The spirit of their enterprise led them upon every sea and to every
available port, and they brought our city into commercial communication with every part
of the habitable globe.
The head of the house, William Wilson, came to Baltimore from Limerick, Ireland,
1770, and by indomitable energy and strict integrity increased his limited means to such
an extent that at the conclusion of the war, when our commerce was revived and extended,
he became interested in a number of ships, and largely imported foreign goods under the
firm of Wilson & Maris in 1790.  He subsequently took his sons James and Thomas into
business and the firm became William Wilson & Sons. This was established about 1802
and continued to carry on a prosperous shipping trade until 1862. During its entire
history it enjoyed the highest credit, and its members universal respect and confidence as
merchants and men.
William Wilson was one of the noblest and best of men. He was distinguished for his
urbanity, his uprightness and beneficence.  He was ever ready to encourage every enterprise of benevolence, and was a most liberal supporter of the Baptist Church, of which he
was an active member, having been one of the Iounders of the First Baptist Church and
contributed nearly all the means for the erection of the edifice on the corner of Sharp and
Lombard streets, (as seen on page 75,) of which Rev. Dr. J. W. M. Williams has been the
efficient and loved pastor for over twenty-five years; a church whose history has been
closely identified with the progress of Baltimore in civil and religious matters. The original
edifice and parsonage stood, until 1818, at the corner of Front and Pitt (now Fayette) streets,
on the present site of the Merchants' Shot Tower. His public spirit was evinced in 1814,
when no funds could be obtained from Washington to meet the obligations of the Government; he tendered the Navy Agent, James Beatty, a loan of $50,000, and thus sustained the
honor of the Government and then refused to accept any interest, saying that "he did not
wish to profit by the necessities of his country." His sons James and Thomas were men
of like character and well maintained the credit of the house and reputation of his name.
Mr. Wilson raised a family which became one of the most cultivated and influential in
the State, and widely and honorably connected. His descendants worthily maintain his
name and reputation. Though the firm has ceased to do an active business, its name is
-still retained by the senior members, David S. and Thomas J. Wilson; the junior members
4 l'O
I 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
having embarked in other pursuits.  One of them, James G. Wilson, with another great
grandson, Wm. B., is partner in the successful banking house of Wilson, Colston &
Co., (see page 267.) His great nephew is our distinguished Banker and Philanthropist,
William Wilson Corcoran, who is named after him.  Mr. Wilson occupied a number of
important stations of responsibility and trust, which he filled to the satisfaction of all
interested. He was the second President of the Bank of Baltimore for seventeen years,
and a prominent member of other leading  corporations.   He has left a record of
which his family are legitimately proud, and to which Baltimore may point as an honorable chapter in the history of her commercial men.
THE SAVINGS BANKS.
Among the most useful and important institutions in a community are Savings Banks.
Those of Baltimore have demonstrated their benefit to the people, and enjoy, as they
certainly merit, universal confidence.  In each of the institutions here mentioned it
appears that the Officers and Directors are chosen from the most prominent and successful
business men of the city, who are characterized for their high position and judicious
enterprise.
THE SAVINGS BANK OF BALTIMORE,
As seen by reference to pages 260 and 261, is the oldest, and has an honorable history. Its
success has been uninterrupted, and it has long been regarded as one of the strongest and
best savings institutions in the country.
Its depositors have increased from 734 in 1826 to 32,500, and the deposits from $126,911
to over $12,500,000, which could have been largely increased had the Board so desired.
Its worthy President, Mir. Archibald Stirling, who is universally esteemed among us,
has been connected with it for fifty years, twenty-four of which hle has been President.
He is ably and worthily surrounded by Officers and Directors, who maintain its character
and reputation.
Officers-Archibald Stirling, President; David Baldwin, Treasurer; S. McD. Richardson,
Assistant Treasurer.
Direcctors —Archibald Stirling, Michael Warner, Chauncey Brooks, Deeter Bargar,
Edward Kurtz, Galloway Cheston, William McKim, James I. Fisher, Joseph Cushing, Jr.,
Thomas C. Jenkins, N. Popplein, Samuel Kirby, George S. Brown, Thomas Whitridge,
Solomon Corner, Austin Jenkins, Thomas M. Smith, William Laimping, Laurence Thomsen, Enoch Pratt, Henry James, George B. Coale, Werner Dresel, B. F. Newcomer, A. H.
Stump.
THE EUTAW SAVINGS BANK,
Of which a correct and concise account is given on page 262, has well fulfilled the designs
of its founders, and, by strict adherence to the provisions and conditions of its charter, has
established a character which is gratifying to its friends. Its usefulness is being demon-trated from year to year, and its depositors have steadily increased, as far as the
Board deemed advisable. They numbered January 1st, 1876, 13,833, and its deposits
$5,346,C'89.15.
OffocCr.e-William F. Burns, President; Robert D. Brown, Treasurer.
Directoi's-William F. Burns, James Harvey, John Cuslling, Francis Burns, Matthew
. Clark, William Devries, Henry R. Lauderman, Daniel M. Thomas, Aaron Fenton,
471 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
Elisha H. Perkins, William J. Rieman, John Gregg, Samuel R. Smith, George P. Thomas,
Francis Dawes, J. Harman Brown, William Wilson, Jr., William H. Perkins, Nicholas G.
Penniman, Henry Snyder, John L. Weeks, John R. Seemuller, G. A. Von Lingen, Walter
B. Brooks, William H. Graham.
THE CENTRAL SAVINGS BANK.
(See page 259.)
This comparatively young institution, under its efficient administration, shows a most
gratifying growth, having more than doubled its deposits during the last two years. The
number of depositors the first of July, 1876, were 6,436, and deposits $1,030,649.
Oficers-Francis T. King, President; John Curlett, Vice President; William E. Coale,
Treasurer.
Directors-Frederick W. Brune, Geo. W. Corner, W. B. Canfield, J. B. Seidenstricker,
William Bridges, Edward Roberts, George Sanders, Charles J. Baker, Robert Turner,
William Numsen, Thomas J. Wilson, William Woodward, James Carey, Jesse Tyson,
G(erman H. Hunt, Daniel J. Foley, J. F. Monmonier, M.D., D. L. Bartlett, Henry C.
Smith, Christian Ax, Samuel Appold, Hamilton Easter.
THE NATIONAL BANK OF BALTIMORE,
To whose advertisement we refer, (on page 271,) has a history which is peculiarly interesting among our financial institutions. From it we gather the fact that, during its entire
course of eighty years, it has never failed to declare its regular semi-annual dividend.
Ifts Capital is $1,210,700 Zeith a Surp)lus of $400,000.
PRESIDENT-HENRY A. THOMPSON.
CASIIIER-J. THOMAS SMITH.
I)IRECTORS.
Henry A. Thompson,              Thomas M. Smith,
David S. Wilson,               Alexander F. Murdock,
C. Morton Stewart,             Christian Devries,
William M. Boone.
MIARYLAND WHITE LEAD COMPANY
OF THE CITY OF BA1LTIMORE.
(See page 226.)
PRESIDENT-JOHN CURLETT.
SECRETARY-W. R. FLUHARTY.
DIRECTORS.
Thomas M. Smith,
John Gregg.
Charles J. Baker,
James E. Tyson,
All the modern improvements in the manufacture of Lead have been adopted by this
Company. The popularity of their Lead has greatly increased, especially in New York,
Philadelphia, Boston, and other Eastern makets.
472
7 ?
I
I 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY.
Since our first article on the munificent appropriation of Mr. Hopkins for a University
was published on pages 51-54, which met his approval, he has passed away, and the
efficient Board of Trustees have put into active execution the provisions of his bequest.
They elected Professor Daniel C. Gilman, late professor in Yale College, and President
of the University of California, to the Presidency, who had acquired the highest reputation
as an organizer of Universities. He entered upon his duties May 1, 1875, and spent
several weeks of the following summer in visiting the great educational institutions
of Europe and this country. He has received the most cordial co-operation from the
Trustees, and the University may be regarded as thoroughly organized. A portion of the
faculty has been elected, composed of scholars of the highest attainments and reputation
as teachers.
The Academic Staff consists of: 1. The PRESIDENT and PROFESSORS.  2. LECTURERS.
3. ASSOCIATES. 4. FELLOWS.
Pending the construction of the permanent buildings at Clifton, the fine accommodations will be used on Howard street, next to the Baltimore City College. In a few weeks
this great University will be opened for the reception of students, and fairly launched on
the sea of knowledge and discovery that knows no bounds. We bid the President and
Trustees good speed and a prosperous voyage, hoping for them a favoring Providence, and
it renown for the University that will place it beside the ancient seats of learning in the
old and new world.
SAFE DEPOSIT AND TRUST COMPANY
OF BALTIMORE.
This company, the cut of whose eleglant building is seen on page 451, may well be
gratified with its history since its organization. Its building is altogether the handsomest
and most complete in the United States.  In its appointments, and construction of its
walls, safes and vaults, it is confessedly superior to any other known.  Perfection of work
characterizes every department. So far as human ingenuity and mechanical skill could
contrive, this building is absolutely safe from fire and burglary.
The Building Committee consists of the President and Board of Directors, Mr. H. S.
Suryock, chairman.  They have adopted the most approved features hitherto known, and
aided new ones, which were the result of their own careful study and examination.  It is
a work in which they may take a just pride, and for which they are entitled to the praise
ot the community.
[The origin of Safe Deposit Companies is accredited to F. H. Jenks, Esq., formerly an
esteemed merchant of our city, now a resident of New York, who first appreciated the
necessity and utility of a place for the deposit of securities and valuables, other than the
xpedient of Bank vaults, and after much effort succeeded in inducing others to unite
vith him in establishing a place of Deposit in New York.]
DR. PERRY OULD.
D EL N TI ST,
No. 244 Madison Avenue,
473
Baltimore. 
THE MONUM-ENTAL CITY,
A. PACKIE &k SON,
OHIO STONE WORKERS,
BALTIM01ORE  & 0IO RAIL ROAD  Cor. Madison and Constitution Sts.
SAFE DEPOSIT BUILDING,   I Builders of Peabody Institute, Brown
Memorial Church, St. Peters P. E.
Church, Grace P. E. Church,
No. 54 Lexington Street, Baltimore.        Savings Bank of Baltimore.
NEWSPAPERS.
THE BALTIMORE DAILY NEWS
Is the only afternoon paper in the city, and is in a most flourishing condition. It was
started by E. V. Hermange on the fourth day of November, 1872, as a penny evening
paper. On the 9thl day of February, 1874, James R. Brewer, Esq, purchased a half
interest in the paper and the firm became and still remains Hiermnange & Brewer. On
the 9th of February, 1875, the NEWS was enlarged to contain twenty-eight columns, eight
columns to a page, and the subscription price raised to two cents per copy or ten cents
per week. On the fourth day of October, 1874, the same firm started the Baltimore
SU-NDAY NEws, which is the only Sunday paper published in Baltimore.  The NEws,
both Daily and Sunday, has become a popular institution, and will represent the energy,
enterprise and progress of Baltimore.
THE BALITIMOREAN,
A first-class Literary Journal, is published every Saturday, and although its first issue
dates back but five years, it has long since secured a hold upon the public support and
confidence, which may be received as a sure guarantee of permanency. It is the only
illustrated journal published in this city, the familiar face of some prominent citizeni, or a
perfect representation of some one of the many handsome public buildings, (religious,
benevolent or municipal,) which adorn the city; being a distinguishing feature of every
issue.  THE BALTIMOREAN is thoroughly and unreservedly devoted to every movement
and enterprise which can tend to the physical and moral advancement of the great City
of Monuments, but its columns always contain reading that cannot fail to interest all
lovers of a pure morality and a pure literature, while at the same time it aids in the
enlightenment and the improvement of mankind generally.
A new daily morning paper, price one cent, the only one cent paper in Baltimore, has a
large and steadily increasing circulation. It is especially devoted to Ref-orm principles
and the interests of the working people, but is read by all classes.
1,'
474
E. FRANCIS BALDWIN,
'MAI4-   TE
.l' hit   e t
AND
0 F THE
AND TIHE
SAFE DEPOSIT BUILDINTG,
4 \q."i4 
ghlele~~~~~C,I 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
THE GAZETTE.
In December, 1875, Mr. Wm. H. Welsh, one of the former proprietors, purchased the
interest of Mr. Charles. J. Baker and on the 1st of January, 1876, changed the whole basis
of the journal, inaugurating a new policy; announced its independence in politics and
reduced the price of the Daily to two cents a copy or six dollars a year and the Weekly
to one dollar. Under the new regime, it has continued to grow in popular favor, has
received the highest encomiums of the press and the reading community, and is now
regarded as one of the ablest and most interesting Journals of the country.
THE BALITIMORE WECKER,
A German paper, was established in the year 1850, and is published as a Daily, Weekly
and Sunday Journal. It has a very large circulation and is one of the best German
papers issued in the country.
SINCE TIE PUBLICATION of the article on the Baltimore Press, some changes have
occurred, prominent among which are the completion and occupancy of the New American Building, one of the largest and most complete in the country. For an account of
the American, Sun, German Correspondent and other journals the reader is referred to
pages 54-62.
THE MeSHANE BELL FOUNDRY.
No department of Manufacture in Baltimore has exhibited a greater increase and improvement than that of Bells. It is not long since this was a comparatively small interest
with us.  Messrs. Henry McShane  & Co., perceiving the importance of this branch of
business, with their characteristic enterprise added to their already large establishment a
Bell Foundry, with all the facilities for casting Bells of every size, and secured among
other skilled moulders, an educated German trained from his youth in one of the celebrated
Bell founderies of Europe, who is exclusively employed on their Bells. They are thus
enabled to give perfection of finish and tone to their bells, which are not surpassed in this
country or abroad.  The special superintendent of the Bell department is Mr. Marcus R.
Jones, whose experience in the renowned Troy Bell Foundry eminently qualifies him for
this responsible post. As a consequence of the expense and care thus bestowed, the
reputation of the AIcShane Bells extends to all parts of the world, and their clear tones
are heard from Maine to California, in Europe, Asia and South America, from the belfries
of Churches, Cathedrals, Mission Chapels, Fire Stations, Factories, Schools, Steam Boats,
&c. Messrs. McShane & Co. have not only the satisfaction which arises from indivdual
success, but also of having built up an establishment which is of immense importance to
Baltimore and is heralding throughout the world its name. They are literally ringing the
Bells which call attention to us from near and afar, inviting the world "to come to us
and buy."
They deserve the thanks of our citizens, for giving Maryland the honor of making the
greatest single exhibit at the Centennial Exposition, and of being the first to proclaim the
joyous tidings of the grand opening on the anniversary of the day when Charles Carroll,
of Carrollton, signed with his compatriots the immortal Declaration of Independence.
Their great chime consisting of Thirteen Bells (to represent the original thirteen States of
the Union) was placed in position ready for the signal, and when given, their mighty peal
thrilled the immense multitude with indescribable emotion.
9
475 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
This chime, the first ever cast in Baltimore, is pronounced by competent examiners, perfect in every respect.  They range in weight from 300 to 4,000 lbs., aggregating 21,000 lbs.
They comprise a full octave and a third, with a flat seventh and a sharp fourth, whose
even vibrations give a richness and resonance of tone, which is perfectly sustained
until they die away.  The Bells are hung in the Main Tower, or the N. E. angle of the
Machinery Hall, and are operated upon by Prof. Widdows, the chime ringer of the Metropolitan M. E. Church, Washington City.  Their cost is $10,000.00 and constitute one of
the principal features in the Centennial Exhibition.
The foundry and shops of this firm, are among the great forces of our city, to which
we give this prominent notice, not only because it is due to McShane & Co., but our work,
aiming to exhibit those forces, would be incomplete without it.
The demands of their business, have necessitated the establishing of a Branch in New
York. See pages 203 and 478.
BALTIMORE RETORT AND FIRE BRICK WORKS.
As an example of the rapid and substantial growth of Baltimore's manufactures, we
cite the Factory of Geo. C. Hicks & Co., at Locust Point-the centre of many other great
interests-the engraving of which is on page 406. "The Baltimbre Retort and Fire Brick
Works," of which they are proprietors, under their energetic management are among the
largest in the country. The superiority of the clay they use, which is found within a
thousand feet of the factory, and the employment of the best workmen, enable them to
make  perfect articles.  Their facilities in manufacturing and shipping;  having coal
brought fresh from the mines to their Kilns by the B. & O. R. R., and loading vessels at
their own Wharves, give them decided advantages. They ship by vessel to Boston and
other New England and Eastern Ports at a cost of freight, not exceeding the drayage to
the Northern and Western limits of our own city. The varied character of the articles
they manufacture may be seen by reference to page 247. The success and importance of
the establishment are evident from the extent of their trade. They supply a large number of cities all over the country North, East, South and West, with Sewer and Drain
Pipes; the Gas Companies with Gas Retorts, Fire Brick, &-c. From the fact that they
make better articles at a less cost than can be manufactured elsewhere, they are filling
orders from the very quarters which formerly supplied this market. They were awarded
the contract for furnishing the sewer pipe for the Centennial grounds at Philadelphia,
which is a very sure indication of their superiority. In the short period of eight years they
have built up one of the great industries, in our city, which is a source of support to a
large laboring population, and is daily contributing to our manufacturing and commercial
importance.
R. Q. TAYLOR,
(Page 158,)
Has erected for his business at the,oI stand an establishment which for elegance and
completeness is not surpassed anywhere. It is truly a model in its architectural beauty
and proportions. The fixtures and interior decorations are finished with exquisite taste,
excelling anything we have hitherto had in Baltimore in his department. It is a complete
success, for which he is to be congratulated. He deserves the thanks of the community
for such an improvement as this, as it is a grand step in that species of advance which
Baltimore greatly needs, and which we hope to see extensively imitated. For his house
we have only the highest encomiums. He commenced in April, 1843, and has established
a business and a reputation which are gratifying to himself and our citizens.
476 
ITS PAST HIISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
COMIMERCIALI AND FAMAIERS' NATIONAL BANK
OF BALTIMORE,
Corner of Hoic((rd and Germ)an Streets.
Chartered by the State of Maryland 1810.              Organized as a National Bank 1865.
Capital, $512,560-Surplus, $114,000.
President, JESSE SLINGLUFF; Vice President, JOSEPH II. RIEMAN,
Cashier, JOHN D. EARLY.
DIRECTORS.
Augustus J. Albert,
William Devries,
John Cushing,
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS SINCE ITS ORGANIZATION IN 1810.
Joseph H. Nicholson,           - -    -   1810.
Isaac Burneston,        -    -             1817.
WVm. W. Taylor,             -         -  -    -  1821.
Charles Bohn,    -    -    -              1832.
Jacob Albert, -.         ----             1836.
Eli Clagett,   -        -                 1846.
Thos. Mleredith,      -    -    -         1848.
Jesse Slingluff,  -    -    -             1854.
THE FIRST NATIONAL
No. 8 South Gay Street.
J. S. NORRIS, Presicient.               THOMAS KELSO, Vice President.
E. K. HOLTZMAN, Cashier.
DIRECTORS.
George Small,
S.  M. Shoemaker,
Thomas Kelso,
W. E. Hooper,
J. S. Norris,
William J. Albert,
See page 261.
Maryland Britannia and Gold and Silver Plate Works,
ESTABLISHED 18S50.
HOLMES BROS. & CO., Succq  ors of William Holmes,
OFFICE AND FACTORY:
Nos. 50 & 52 N. HOLLIDAY ST., BALTIMORE.
Orders left at No. 3 N. Charles street will receive prompt attention.  See page 200.
YORK RIVER LINE.
See page 447.
-Daily Line in efect on this -Route on and after August 22d, 1876
v
477
Jesse Slin,luff,
Joseph H. Rieman,
G. A. Von L!Dgen,
. William Carmichael,
W. G. Bansemer,
W. J. H. Watters.
Presidents.
Casltiei-s.
Geo. T. Dunbar,
Triieman Cross,*
.John D. Early,
- 1810,
1842.
- 1876.
*Connected with the Bank for ii-lore than fifty-one
years.
13ANK OF BALTINIOIRE,
Horace Abbott,
Joseph Friedenwald,
Jobn G. Cockey.
il 
7
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
THE WESTERN MARYLAND RAILROAD.
In our special article on this road, pages 344-5, we stated that its two great necessities
were proper terminal facilities and a centrally located depot. Under its energetic management these have been secured. A handsome and spacious depot with every accommodation for freight and passengers has been erected on Hillen and Exeter streets, and
permanent arrangements made with the Baltimore and Potomac and Union Railroads, for
the use of the two tunnels, giving it a tide-water terminus at Canton,  The road, withl
these increased facilities, has shown rapid improvement and gives promise of fulfilling the
expectations of its founders. The Western connections to which allusion was made in
the former article are in a fair way of being effected, and other important ones are to be
made with the Shenandoah Valley Railroad, to a junction with the Chesapeake and Ohio
Railroad, at Staunton, Va; the Harrisburg and Potomac Railroad, running the entire
length of the Cumberland Valley, from Harrisburg to the line of the Western Maryland
Railroad, and the Hanover Branch, opening a new short line from Harrisburg via Hanover and Reisterstown to Baltimore, thus making an all rail route for the Reading coal to
Baltimore and tide-water. These routes are being surveyed and graded as rapidly as the
enterprise and judgment of the gentlemen in charge approve, and we may expect ere
long to see them in full operation. The President, J. M. Hood, Esq., and the other
Officers and Directors have accomplished a great work for Baltimore in their successful
administration of this road.
HENRY McSHANE.                                    JOHN McSIIANE.
THE
MIcSHANE BELL FOUNDRY,
HENRY McSHANE & CO, PROPRIETORS,
MANUFACTURES THOSE CELEBRATED
CHURCH, ACADEMY, CHIME, COURT HOUSE,
AND OTHER
B]E LLS t
Of Genuine ]3ell Metal, (Copper and Tin,)
Patent Rotary Mountings, the Best ever Invented.
All Bells warranted satisfactory. Price List and large Illustrated Circulars sent free
Address
HENRY McSHANE
Nos. 147 —161 North Street,
BAL,TI!O RE, MAD.
IMARCUS R. JONES, Superintendent.
See pare 203.
4'i 8
HE'.LN-RY 1NIcSHANE.
JOHN McSIlANE.
& Co. 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCElS.
THE CALVERT SUGAR REFINERY.
Reference to page 113 shows the engraving of this celebrated Refinery. In regard to its
size and the completeness of the machinery and facilities for refining and shipping,
it has no superior in the United States. The troubles through which it has passed
have been rectified by the reorganization of the company, comprising some of our most
prominent and judicious business men, with a capital of $500,000.  The Directors, fully
appreciating the situation and needs of the Refinery, are managing it with great care and
judgment. They have appointed efficient officers, who are placing it upon the best basis
for utilizing its vast capabilities. This concern is of immense importance to Baltimore,
and in its thorough reorganization every citizen is interested; and the whole trade of the
city should encourage and contribute to its success. It is one of our giant forces which
we cannot spare. Officers-Samuel P. Thompson, President; William Cunningham,
Secretary and Treasurer. Directors-Saml. P. Thompson, Enoch Pratt, Jos. H. Rieman,
Henry James, John E. Hurst, Henry Janes, Thomas Deford. Office-b6 S. Gay street.
THE BALTIMORE STEAM SUGAR REFINERY
OF MESSRS. WOODS, WEEKS & CO.,
Whose engraving is on page 112, is one of those characteristic enterprises which are the
pride of our city. It has made a most honorable record in the commercial history of
Baltimore, and through all the changes and vicissitudes of its contemporary trade, the
firm has maintained the highest reputation and credit. They manufacture all grades of
Refined Sugars and Syrups, and their facilities fur supplying the trade of the country are
not surpassed by any other Refinery. They offer inducements in quality and price to
dealers to trade with Baltimore in sugars and syrups at least equal to Philadelphia, New
York and other markets. This is one of the houses which have extended the high character of Baltimore, and whose correspondence has greatly awakened public attention and
drawn to us a large custom from distant quarters.
TO THE YOUNG BUSINESS MEN OF BALTIMORE.
Though my work has an interest for the general reader, it has a peculiar fitness for
your use. Realizing, from a long business experience, the difficulties with which we
have to contend in our competition for the trade of the country, I have endeavored to
compile the information and present it in such a combination and form, as to constitute it
a valuable, and I trust it may prove a necessary aid to you, upon whom the future of Baltimore largely depends. The exhibition of the facts, the short mementoes of some of our
noble men and merchants who have passed away, I hope may contribute to the development of your business character, and give you a more comprehensive knowledge of the
great resources and forces of your own city, by which you may more successfully urge its
claims upon the country.  A complete business man not only thoroughly understands his
own special department, but acquaints himself with all the facts, resources, advantages
and capabilities which his city possesses; knows what forces are being employed, what
results produced, what others are doing, what they are contributing to the general
character of his city as a trading centre; knowledge of this sort is not only expansive of
character, but makes an immediate return. To a young man solicting custom in his particular branch, thorough understanding of the market in all departments is of paramount importance. Buyers cannot be brought to a city to any great extent by the
inducements of a single house or branch of the trade. Salesmen and solicitors must be
intelligently informed of all the industries and resources of the city, so that they may
forcibly and convincingly represent its commercial importance and secure the patronag
479 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY,
of the general trade.  If a young man confines his view and knowledge to his own special
line, he will attain but a stunted growth and be a narrow man, without that influence
and respect which are the prerogative of every good business man to enjoy.
You, who are now the young men of the city, must soon occupy the posts of importance
in its affairs and take the reins into your hands. It becomes you therefore to fit yourselves
for the responsibility which awaits you.
I am confident that this book in your possession will greatly assist you in attaining the
necessary knowledge of our city, and success in your immediate efforts in behalf of the
houses in whose employ you are and whom you represent abroad. Such information as
is here presented in detail and in combination, cannot fail to make your services vastly
more valuable to them as well as to yourselves.
Respectfully,                       GEO. W. HOWARD.
CONCLUSION.
The labor connected with such a work as this none can fully appreciate but those who
have performed it. Hence we do not propose to recite the months of incessant toil in
gathering facts and information from sources near and remote, many of which were at
first inaccessible. The utmost care has been exercised in the collation and presentation of
the matter in the work, especially that relating to the commercial situation of Baltimore;
and no expense has been spared to make it not only acceptable to the general reader, but
in the highest degree valuable to our tradesmen, manufacturers and financial institutions.
The book is mainly designed to furnish the most authentic information concerning the
facilities and resources of our city, which will awaken a more comprehensive spirit of
enterprise at home, and increase patronage and favor from abroad. It also aims to direct
attention to our vast capabilities and resources, many of which are as yet undeveloped,
and to utilize more thoroughly the facts which demonstrate our superiority as a commercial and manufacturing city.
No city in the United States of similar proportions to Baltimore is as little known and
understood, as every one who has traveled much can testify. A very low estimate is
placed on her capabilities, compared with New York and other cities, by the country at
large.  This is due to our neqlect of the pfroier qtilization of facts.  Impelled by a just
motive of commercial gain, they have availed themselves of every channel, especially the
printing press, through which to secure the notice and patronage of the country;  we,
resting unwisely on the supposition, that others would seek our hidden possibilities, have
neglected to inform the world of our resources and advantages, even where we mayjustly
claim superiority.
Among the great difficulties which obtained in the prosecution of this undertaking, not
the least was the inability of many, and the unwillingness of others, to recognize or accept
those facts which lie beyond their narrow range of observation.  Perched on the molehills which their ter?ecrte efforts have raised, conceited with the idea that their view embraced
the whole horizon, they could not be induced to ascend the altitudes from which they
might observe,he magnitude and grandeur of the true economy of things, and to understand the relations existing throughout the whole. The wheels of commerce would run
more smoothly, the hammers of mechanics beat without intermission, the social and civil
economy present fewer disorders, if all men would appreciate the relations they sustain
to each other and freely discharge the obligations which  inhere in those relations.  No
one man is unrelated to( the rest; it is the combination of interests and enterprise that gives
strength and proportions to communities. The author emphatically expresses his gratefulness to those who have encouraged him  with  their sympathy and influence, and
especially to his patrons who compose so valuable a portion of our business men, and are
contributing most largely to the growth and importance of Baltimore.
480 
ITS PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT RESOURCES.
REMOVALS.
Methodist Episcopal Book Depository, to 168 W. Baltimore street
L. W. Gunther, to "Gunther Building," S. Gay street.
Gambril, Sons & Co., to "Gunther Building," S.' Gay street.
A. Schumacher & Co., to "Gunther Building," S. Gay street.
H. Sanders & Co., (Sanders & Stayman,) to 15 N. Charles street.
Stickney Iron Company, (office,) to 11 S. Gay street.
Troxell, Handy & Greer, to 237 W. Pratt street.
Baltimore American, to new building, corner of Baltimore and South streets.
Stewart &- Co., to 46 S. Howard street.
Geo  P. Thomas & Co., to 387 W. Baltimore street, corner of Paca.
Johnson, Sutton & Co., to "Slingluff Block," N. E. corner Baltimore and Howard streets.
Henry Bogue & Son, to 244 W. Baltimore street.
E. M. Lazurus & Co., to corner of Holliday street and Exchange Place.
Seim & Emory, to 40 and 42 German street.
The Safe Deposit and Trust Company, to new building, South street, (page 451.)
J. D. Kremelberg & Co., Austrian Consulate, to 31 German street.
CHANGES IN FIRMS.
Jno. J. & S. J. Hurst, dissolved; continued by Hurst, Miller & Co., 252 W. Baltimore st.
Perry, Clark & Co., succeeded by Clark, Perry & Holman, 9 N. Charles street.
DavidW. Glass & Co., dissolved.  D.W. Glass & Co., at 19 S. Charles street; MarcusWolf
at old stand, 7, 9 and 11 Sharp street.
Wheelwright, Mudge & Co., succeeded by Dobler, Mudge & Chapman, S. E. corner of
Lombard and Sharp streets.
Cushing & Medairy, succeeded by Medairy & Bowers, 6 N. Howard street.
A.Werker & Krug, dissolved; succeeded by Gustav Krug, S.W. cor. Saratoga and Jasper sts.
George & Jenkins, dissolved; Philip T. George & Son, Samuel E. George, continue in the
same line at 94 W. Lombard street, as P. T. George & Co. T. Robt. Jenkins &
Son, Frank X. Jenkins, continue at 48 South street.
Drakelev & Fenton,dissolved; succeeded by Hinman & Nevwcomb, 1 and 3 S. Paca street,
corner of German.
Lamb &- Kenmp, dissolved; succeeded by George M. Lamb & Bro., 57 South street.
John Gill & Co., continued as Gill & Fisher, 29 South street.
Chas. A. Gambrill & Co., composed of R. G. Macgill, P. H. Macgill, A. Gaimbrill, H. C.
Corner, G. C. Hilt.  See page 132.
Robt. Moore & Bro., now Robert Moore, Hughes & Co., 233 WV. Baltimore street.
Mackenzie Bros., dissolved.  Geo. N. Mackenzie & Co., 18 S. Charles street; C. T. & C.
B. Mackenzie, 338 W. Baltimore street.
Poultney, Trimble & Co., continued by Trimble & Kleibacker, 200 W. Baltimore street.
Brown, Lancaster & Co., dissolved, continued by Brown & Lowndes, 17 German  street.
John H. Haskell associates his son J. H. H., Jr., as John H. Haskell & Son.
Pitcher & Wilson dissolved.  Wm. H. Pitcher and son, 4 S. Paca street; Young O. Wil      son, 1 N. Paca street.
Keith & Kelso dissolved.  John R. Kelso, Jr., 23 S. Charles street; Edward MA. Keith,
25 S. Charles street.
Ammidon & Co. succeeded by D. F. Haynes & Co., at old stand.
Russell & Alger succeeded by Benjamin Russell at old stand.
Sam'l. G. B. Cook associates J. Glenn Cook, Chas. H. Wier and John K. Wilson as Sam'l
G. B. Cook & Co., 5 and 7 German street.
Wilson, Burns & Co., present partners Francis Burns, Jr., F. H. Burns, Joseph S. West.
James W. Geddes; now James W. Geddes & Co., (William Mentzel.)
481 
THE MONUMENTAL CITY, &C.
D. W. GLASS, General.          DANIEL MILLER, Special.
D. W. GLASS & CO.
Wholesale Paper Warehouse,
19 S. CHARLES STREET, BALTIMORE.
NEW YOREK OFFICE,                PHILADELPIIIA OFFICE,
28 and 30 Reade Street.             128 N. Front Street.
NEW YORK OFFICE,         PHILADELPHIA OFFICE,
28 and 30 Reade Street.    128 N. Front Street.
IMPORTERS AND MANUFACTURERS' AGENTS OF
Foreign and  Domestic  Stationery,
SOLE PROPRIETORS OF THE CELEBRATED
TREASURY, MONUMENTAL AND SENATE
PAPERS.
Paper of every de.cription llade to olrder.
HEAD-QUARTERS
For Envelopes, Blank Books, Slates, Pens and Pencils.
NOTICE 10TO WHOLESALE TRADE.
Representing leading European and American Manufacturers, controlling special lines,
importing directly through our own buyer in European markets, we are prepared to offer
inducements not heretofore extended to the trade. The Head of our House having recently
made arrangements in Europe, we will take import-orders at a small commission and ship
goods direct. We will be pleased to give quotations or send catalogue. Soliciting a call or
order,                  We are respectfully,                   D. W. GLASS & CO.
THE LORDS PROPRIETARY OF MARYLAND.
George Calvert. (see page 7,) First Lord Baltimore.    Charles Calvert, Fifthl Lord Baltimore,   -   1715
Cecilints Calveit, Second Lord Baltimore, - 16.32   Frederick Calvert, Sixth and last Lord BalCharles Calvert, Third Lord Baltimore, - 1675            timore, - - - ---— 1751
Benedict Leonard Calvert, Fourth Lord Bal-             Henry HIlarford, Es(q., Last Proprietary,   1771-177(;
more,  -   - -       - - - - -1715
THE COLONIAL GOVERNORS.
'roprietary Governors~
1658-Josiah Fendall.
16;61-Philip Calvert.
11662-Charles Calvert.
16;67-Charles, Lord Baltimnore.
i167S-Thomas Notely.
Royal Governors.
169)9-Nathaniel Blackistone.
1703-Thomas Tench, Pres.
1l-04-J ohn Leytmi-iour.
1692-Sir  Lionel Csopley.
16,93 —Sir EdImond Andros.
1fJ94 —Francis Nicholson.
Proprietary Governors.
i 1-3.3-Charles, Lord Baltimore.  I 152-Benjamin'asker, Pres.
12-Cals t  1735-Samuel Ogle.       }1753 —lioratio Sharpie.
e  1742-'Thomas Bladen.             I,17(;(-Robert Eden.
l17,47-Samtuel Ogle. I
175-John Hart.
]P,20-Charles Calvert.
1*2,-13enedict Leonard Calh'ert.
1732 —Samuel Ogle.
482
l(iSI-Cliai-les, Lord Baltimore.
l(i85-Williaiii Joseph, Pres. of
D(,puties.
1(;Sf)-Colivention of Protestant
Association.
1633-Leonard Calvert.
164-.-'I'hoti)as Green.
1649-William Stoiie.
1654-Commissiouers under Par- "
liament.
l-,09-Edward Lloy(l, Pres.
1-114-John Hart. 
INDEX.
COLONIAL POPULATION OF MARYLAND.
1634     -    -   -  about   200  11671  -    -   -    -    -  20.000   1748              -    -    -    -  130,000
16600 -  -  -  -  -           12.000   1701      -    -    -    -    30,000    175(6  -    -    -    -       154,188
1665     -    -    -   -    16,000   1715 -  -  -  -  -              50,200    1776       -    -   - about 200,000
GOVERNORS OF THE STATE OF MARYLAND.
When Elected.
Chas. Ridgelev of Hampton, 1815
Charles Golds]horough,   - 1818
Samuel Sprigg,    -   -   1819
Wlamuel Stevens, Jr., -   -  1822
Joseph Kent,    -   -       1825
aDaniel Martin, -   -   - 1828
Thomas King Carroll,   -  1829
Daniel Martin,  -   -       1830
George Howard,   -   -   1831
James Thomas,           -    1832
Thomas W. Veazey,    -   1835
William Grason,      -   - 1838
Francis Thomas'   -   -   1841
Thomas G. Pratt.   -   - 1844   M
Philip Francis Thomas,      1847  w
M RS OF THE CITY O
t,zen Elected.
-   1797   Samulel Smith,    -   -
- 1804   Sheppard (C. Leakin, -   -
-  1808S  Samuel Brady,      -   -
- 1816   Solomon Hillen, -
-   1820 i James O. Law,       -   -
- 1826   Jacob G. Davies,
-   1830  Elijah Stansbury,  -   -
- 1832   John H.''. Jerome,   -   -
IIDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS.
Page.
BROWN & BRUNE,.
BALDWIN, ROBERT,.
BONAPARTE, CHARLES J.,       
BOND & rIDY....
BOYCE, JAMES,..
BATES, JAMIES,.....
BOARD OF TRADE,
BROWN, GRAVES & CO..
BENSON, C. W., MI. 1...
BALTIMORE COLLEGE OF DENTAL
SURGERY,.....
BARNUM'S CITY HOTEL,.
BARTLETT, ROBBINS & Co.,
BENNETT, BENJ. F.,. 
BURNS & SLOAN,..
BALTrMORE DAILY NEWS,
BALTIMIORIE WECKEtR,
BEE, THEIE,.....
BAI,TIMOREAN,
13ALDWIN, E. FRANCIS,'
COAILEY BROTIIERS,    
CORN AND FLOIRt EXCIHANGE, 
483
Thomas Johnson,
Thomas Sim Lee,
William Paca. -
William Smallwood,
John Eager Howard.
-(4eor,-e Plater.
John H. Stone,
John Henry,
Benjamin O,,-Ie,
John Francis 3fercer,
Robert Bowie,
Robert Wright,
Edward Llovd,
Robert Bow%le,
Levin W ijider,
1777 1
- 11,79
178.2
- 1"8.
1788
- 1791
1794
- 17!)7
1798
- 1801
1803
- 1806
1809
- 1811 1
1812
E. Louis Lo,%ve, - - - 1850
111. Watkins Ligon, 1854
T. Holliday Hicks, 1857
Augustus W. Bradford, 1861
Thomas Swann, 1865
Oden Bowie, - 1867
William Pinkney Whyte,* 1871
James B. Groome, -
John Lee Carroll, - 1875
*Governor Whvte, having been
elected to the'G. S. Senate, re,igiied the Gubernatorial office,
31arch 4,1874, when Gov. Groome
was elected to fill the vacancy.
,James Calhoun, -
Thorow,,c,od Smith, -
Edward J-hnson, -
George Stiles. - -
John Mont,,!omery, -
,Tacol) Small, -    -
William Steuart. -
,Jesse Hunt, - - -
1835 John Smith Hollins,
1838 Sttmtiel Hiiiks, - -
1840 Thomas Swann,                                -
1842 Geo. Wm. Brown, -
'1843 John Lee Chapman,
1844  Robert T. Banks, -
1848 Joshua Vaiisaiit, -
1850  Ferdinand C. Latrobe,
1852
- 1854
1856
- 1860
1861
- 1867
1871
- 18-,5
Page.
418
418
419
419
898
399
400
402
41i
433
445
443
452
455
474
475
474
474
474
388
400
Washington, D. C.
THE EBBITT, C. C. Willard,.
HARVEY's RESTAURANT,.
HAltVEY & HOLDEN,
K —,-IC,-HT BROTHERS, (Patents,)
JOH.-,-so.-i, LEWIS& do..
369
370
3 lo
370
370
Baltimore.
ALBERT, A. & H. J.
APPLEGARTii, RUFAS W.
ARMIGER, R. &- SON,
ALLE-N, JOITN H, Sup't,
ATLA.NTIC HOTEL, (Norl'olk,)
ALBERT BROTY-IERS,
.BAKE It, R. J. & Co.,
BUSEY, N. H.,
BALTI-NIORE COAL TAR COMPA Y,
Bnow.,N, ALEX. & SONS,
BRow-N BROTIIERS & Co., N. Y.,
388
419
405
423
446
45,3
895
4 ) )
397
412
412 
INDEX.
Page.
CASSAIID BROTHERS,...   401
COURTNEY, R. & BRO.,..      404
CHAMPAYNE, H. R,...  407
COLLEGE OF PHYSICIAN AND SUR  GEONS,....             431
CARSON, DAVI), & SON,..    453
"CARROLLTON,"  t. B. Coleman & Co, 444
COMNIIN4 MMERCIALI, AND FARMERS' BANK,   477
DUITBOMIROW, J. C., & Co.,..   395
NDIX & WILKINS,....        407
DAVIS, W. E. & Co,...  409'
N)ENNY, JAMES W.,...        418'
DALLA'f, H. CLAY,...     419
DUNCAN, R. M.,....          421
1 )ULANEY, YVM. J. C. & Co.,..   455,
EMMART & QUARTLEY,..      424
FIRST NATIONAI, BANK OF:BALTI  PMORE,.....         477
FRANKLIN BANK,....            413
GAITIIER GEO. R.,...       390;
GAULT,M., & SON,..            397
GAZETTE, TIE.....           475
GEIGER, E L. H.,....         405
GILL, GEO. M.,....  418
GILL, JOHN, JIR....    418
GLASS, D. W., & Co....   482
GUEST, GEO., SON & MARRIOTT,.   421
GUNTHER, L. W., (Illustration,).     426
GUY MONUMNIENT HOUSE,..   444
HUTZLER BROTIIERS, Illustrated,)      389
HISFER, JAMES, H. F.,...   404
HrCKRS, GEO C & Co., (Illustrated,)   406
HETZEFI,TLL, JOi-IN G.,.....    408
HARRIS, J. MORErTSON,..    418
HICKS, GEo. C., & Co,                 476
HIGGINS, EDWIN,....         418
HEUIST,ER, J. S., & SON,.         419
III,, THOMAS,...         421
HOL ME    I Bi{OS. & Co.,.         477
HOPKINS, J. SETHII, & CO.,.         425
HOW ARD HOUSE,....       445
P3  IMPROVED PLASTIC SLATE ROOFING,
H. NOjIT, & Co....        397
JENKIN\S. -i,ENIZY W., & SON,         387
JUNGIIEIN & BUITIKHARD,.             3)0
JENPI:TNS, T. RO3T., & SON,.       392
IJEIiKINS, ED., & SONS,.          407
JOITINON, REVERDY,.             418
I 0 IIT-G, GUSTAV,....             408S
IKE11\;A&, CITAS. G.....        418
K TN(E, JOTIN C.,..419
KIFEN & IlAGE,TY',T....        404
LAN\SON,      ER,   & Co.,.        454
LAZEAI, JE,SSE, & Co.,..         402
LATIRO'1E, JOIHN H. B.,.        418
LONEY, HENRY D.....                419
GIAISIlIALI,, JOiN E,..        399
MI ACKENZIE, G,O. N. & Co.,..   407
J CIAR3 ION, A. N.,....           411
A]IFiIC^NTILE AGENCY, R. G. I)UNN,   411
r0  EP.RCIANTS' NATIONAL BANK,.      413
IO  &  \1 ETm1mIT(ST." N. Y.,...  427
I]A GIO.YLAND WIIITE LEAD COMPANY,  472
MIARYLAND LYING-IN  HOSPITAL,
Ic3IuRRY, LEWIS & Cw,s..  442,
AIATTHAI, INGRAAI & CO.,
MIAGNE, H.,
MAXWELL, F. G. & Co,.
MANiSION HOUSE HOTEL,
RICStIANE BELL FOUNDRY.
RICSGANE, HENRY, & CO.,
NATIONAL BA NK OF BALTIMORE,
NEEDLES, JOHN & SON,
NEWCO.-IER & CO.,
NICIOLSON, J. J. & SONS,...
NEILSO,N J. CRA,VFORD,
ORTWT-lNE &- ROBINSON,
OULD, PERRY,.
PEABODY HEIGIITS,
PoP- k:- &OWENS,
PHELPS & FINDLAY,
POLYTECHNIC INSTRtUCTrON,
POOLE &- HUNT,
PITCIIER, W.\i. H., & SON,
PACISTE, A., & SON,
RENWmICK, R., & SONS.
REMIINGTON, E., & SONS,
ROCHE, [IICH AEL,
ROBT-NSON, E. AV.,
RTEAIAN', \VMl. J., & SONsS,
RINEItAIRT, CHILDS &- CO.,.
RENNERIT HO]USE,
REESE, T. MI., & SONS
REI-NItA-P,L)T,'W-rI. H.,
REIP, J. HENRY,
RENSHAI-V, JOSEPH,.
RUSS.ELL, E. WALTON,
ROeEl S, HENRY W.,
RIGGS c PEABODY,
RA'NSTEAD, CTlAS,
ROBIN SO-, JOSHUA,
RUSSELL, B~ENJAMIX,
REGESTER1, JOSHUA, & SONS,
RTCI —rOND AND YORK RIVER LINE,
SPENCERT, E. N.,
SIsco BROTIIERS,
SHiPLT:IT, R. C., & Co,
STRAUSS BROTIItERS,
SHfPl-IEY, ROANE & CO.,
SINCL-ATl,, R, & Co, 
STAP~l, B F., &, Co.
STAB3LEIlI, JOIDA-N.....
S;.InTip, HA-;WAY, & CO.,
S-\IITII, PIEP,'Ox & AVEST,
SCARLETT, W. G.,
SLINGL,!IUFF c, SLING'LUFF,
STEV\ENS, F. P.,
ST. GEORZGE'S HALL,
SCHMIIDT & TRO\AJE,
SissoN, Hl.GI, & SON,
SAFE I)EPOSIT AND TRUST CO\IPANY,
STALLINGS, J. AV., c CO.,
SHANKSs, TITO-IrAS,
TIIo.Niks, J(osP PIT, &- SON-,
Tio-ISE.X & 3k-1T,.
TAYLOi',, GEO. W.,...
4 Q l
age.
43)
443
444
450
454
444
475
478
472
889
402
413
429
898
473
420
401
419
423
441
4,p)- 4
474
38(i
393
398
399
401
402
445
403
404
405
408
410
4') 1
484
440
405
450
455
447
888
888
889
390
391
395
399
403
410
411
411
418
4') 9
4') 9
485
440
451
4,53
4.,-).5
409
I
I
i 
INDEX.
WOLF, MARCUS W., & Co.,
WATTS & CO.,
WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY,
WAGNER'S RESTAIURANT,
YORK RIVER LINE,.
YOUNG, JAMES,
ZIMMERMAN, GEO. J.,I.
UIHLER, E., JR.,..
TAYLOR, R. Q.,
WILSON, YOUNG O.,
WYMAN, BYRD & CO.,.
WEATHERBY, J., &; SONS
WOOD, W. E., & Co.,.
WOLFSHEIMER, S.,.
WAIDANER, H. A.,
FINAL INDEX.
(See other Index pages )
Jones, Samuel, Jr......,
Jones, Talbot, & Co.,... 4
Kelso Home J)r Orphans,. 
Kelso, Thomas,....
Lords Proprietary, Governors, &c., 482
Louise Home,6
Loudon Park Cemetery,
Lee, Jesse.....
Medical Mluseum,..
Mount Vernon,..
Mount Olivet Cemetery
McDonald, Gen. William,. 
McConkv, James,
Mlaryland Life Insurance Company,
Mayors of Baltimore,.
National Observatory,.
National Iuseumm,
Northern Central Railway,. 
Oakl Hill Cemetery,..
New Orleans Picavune, 
New Ol]eans Savings Institution, 
Oyster, Fruit and Vegetables,
Old Business Houses,.
Peal)ody Heilhts.
Phelps, Hon. Chatles E.,..   3
Parr, Israel M.,
Palmer, Rev. P. D. D.,    N  Orleans,
Removals,4
Roberts, Rev. George ('. AI., D.D.,
St. Peter's P. E.  Church,4
Strawbridge, Robert,
Savings Banks..
Savings Bank of Biltimore, 
Savings Bank, Eutaw,..
Savings Bankl, Central,.
Safe Deplosit Companly,
Tayl]or, W.  W., & Co..,
Tiffany, Osmond C.....,
rWashlington City, (Illustrated,)
Washinaton Bra.1c1h Baltimore an(   Ohio Railroad,
W,iite!louise,
Wilkenis Avenue,
Western and Sotuthwestcrn~ Suburbs,
Webb, Alner,
W.ilson, Williatn, & Sons,
Western Maryland( Railroad,.
Young Business Men,.
Page.
Alexandria,..  359
Annapolis City,.           4371
Academy, Naval,.               376
Athol                            Avenue,...4605
Baltim    ore Retort  and Fire Brick
Works,                                 476
Brown Memorial (Church,..  436
Brown, Mrs. George,..       437
Brown, John A.,...            437
Brown, George,..                   437
Brown, Alexander,..                 437
Brown, James,....         437
Brown, AVilliam,.                      437
Baltimore Sugar Refinery,                 479
Baltimor    e  and Potomac                       Railroad, 448
Beechfield Avenue,..       460
Bohn & Slingluff,.                463
Changes of Firms,..                481
Conclusion....      480
Corcoran, W.',...     360, 365,366
Corcoran Art G ldlery, (Illustrated,)    360
Capitol, (Illustration,).        359, 361
Conservatories and Gardens,               362
Columbian University,..   365
Carroll, Charles,..                 38,5
Canton Company,....   449
Calvert Sugar Refinery,.          479
Declaration of Independence,              385
Dinsmore & Kyle,..                 463
;Ider &7 Tavlor....          463
,]der, Bishop,..                    463
'.rskine & Eichellberger,..         463
'dmondson Avenue,.     4,59
rederick Road,.                   458
ort Severn,...                 383
riends' 3Leeting House,...   457
ilman, Daniel C., President,            473
~oirgetown, City of,..         365
irrett, RPvbt., & Sons,.           463
'egg, Andrew, & Co.,                   463
:)vernors of Maryland,.         483
)ffman, Samuel,..           466
-)ward, Samuel,....   461
opkins & Noore,.                463
ollkins, Gerard T., & Co.,..  463
opki ns Bros. & Co.,.                 463
niversity, The Johns Hopkins,          473
)h nson, Reverdy, (Portrait,).      414
480-1
Page.
408
476
4.53,
390
396 i;
397 l
399   i
404 i
Pa,,e.
. 425
428,
. 430
446
477
. 425
453
Page..,
464
63-4
457
457
483,
366
461
461
365
868
460
469
470
462
483
862
364
448
366
466
465
443,
463
420
81-2
470466
481
460
4 5 r)
461
471
471
471
472473
463
467
853
3.53
856
4,) 8
458
4C)3
470
478
479 
CONCERNING THE FIRST EDITION.
Hon. Reverdy Johnson.
That a publication like yours cannot fail to be advantageous is evident from the information it gives
the public.
The advantages belonging to our city are strikingly illustrated and must attract the attention of the
people of other States and of Foreigners. The scope of this attraction will be increased in proportion
as the work is distributed.
Bisthop E. R. Ames, D. D., M. E. Church.
Your exhibition of our city must commend itself to every one as complete and attractive, and will
gratify a lawful pride in every citizen who reads it.
While it would be difficult to specify any portion more interesting than the rest, I especially commend
your portrayal of our immense commercial and mechanical resources, proving conclusively to the country that Baltimore is not surpassed by any city on the Atlantic coast in the advantages she offers to the
trade. Our resources have too long been neglected, and as a city we have failed properly to utilize them.
I believe that your book will awaken a higher appreciation at home, and develope a better estimation
abroad, of our city.
Archbishop J. Roosevelt Bayley.
It deserves all that has been said in its praise by so many good judges, and I trust that it may be
-widely circulated, to the honor and advantage of our good city.
House of Representatives,
WASHINGTON, D. C., Feb. 10th, 1875.
GEo. W. HOWARD, ESQ.
IDear Sir:-Your book, "The Monumental City,"' &c., is not only an interesting and instructive description of the city of Baltimore, but it is a most comprehensive exhibition of her trade and vast
capabilities.
The generous circulation of the Book abroad would satisfy the whole country, South and West, that
Baltimore is their natural and most valuable centre of trade; and in the hands of the Members of Congress, it would by its truthful portrayal of her increasing greatness, facilitate any measures before
them looking to her interests.                           Yours truly,
TROS. SWANN,                       GEO. R. DENNIS, U. S. Senator,
THOS. SWANN,
WM. J. O'BRIEN,
STEVENSON ARCHER,
LIL,OYD LOWNDES, JR.
Rev. Richard Fuller, D. D., Eutaw Place Baptist Churc7h.
Your elaborate work will surprise even the people in Baltimore, who have too long been ignorant
the real wealth, enterprise and true mercantile and moral greatness of their city. And yet I venture.
predict that the author of such a work in the year of our Lord, 1890, will refer to this volume as a hi;
tory of Baltimore yet in her earliest youth. Again I thank you for this labor of love, the details,
which must have cost you a great deal of hard toil.
Rev. John Leyburn, D. D.
Your exhibit of the present activities of the city will no doubt excite surprise among our own peop
as well as at a distance; but it should prove a source of deep gratification and laudable pride to eve
Baltimoreall, and at the same time awaken renewed zeal and enterprise to attain the vastly larger pr(
perity which is evidently so practicable. Not only the heads of business houses, but the young m(
the prospective leaders of future years, should' read, ponder and inwardly digest" the food for thoug
and high purpose which you have so skillfully provided.
If Baltimore is to become the emporium for which her advantages adapt her, s/Ie nust take the trout
to let the world know the extent and variety of her resources.
Attract fi5 DMe It rr5 and orrt5 on tncc
GEO. R. DENNIS, U. S. Senator,,
E. K. WILSON,
WM. J. ALBERT', 
EXTRACTS FROM THE PRESS AND CORRESPONDENCE.
BALTIMORE, Feb, 12, 1874.
GEO. W. HOWARD, ESq.
Dear Sir:-As representatives respectively of the Union Merchants' Exchange and the grain interest
of St. Louis, we are visiting  Baltimore for the purpose of effecting more intimate and extensive
relations between these two great cities in the trade; and having seen your admirable work, "TheMonumental City," &c., in the West, we take the occasion of our visit to express our gratification with
it, and to say that its circulation throughout the Western country would greatly contribute to the very
object we have in view, and to a much wider expansion of the general trade with your llnob)le city.
Yours respectfully,             U. J. LIVINGSTON, Chief Grain Inspector, St. Louis.
THEO. BARTHOLOW,  Of the firm Nanson, Barthliolow & Co.
flon. Wm. Pinkney Wiyte, of Maryland.
A careful examination of "The Monumental  Clty,"' &c., satisfies  me that great advantage would result to our city, by a free circulation of it in all parts of the country.
A knowledge of the resources and the growing trade of Baltimore, and the enterprise of its manufacturers, and best of all, the great reliability and integrity of its people cannot fail to attract both population and capital.
I am quite sure that no means can be better suited to accomplish this result than the spread of the
information contained in this book.
Hon. Joshua Va?nsant, Mayor.
Viewing the book as a work of art, in its engraved illustrations and fine typography, it reflects credit
upon the artists, that contributed to adorn its pages, but much more praise is due him, who conceived
the idea of putting forth a work, which as a matter of public utility, is an adjunct to the industrious
enterprise of the people of our noble city, and presents the energy, perseverance and capacity, that
rendered the measure effective.
The book is substantially and essentially useful,' and should be laid upon the parlor table and the
business desk of every citizen of Baltimore.
Hon. J. Morrison Harris.
I have examined it with care and am not only greatly interested but astonished to realize from its disclosures and array of carefully compiled statistics, the extent of the business resources and advantages
of our city.  I had no idea whatever of the completeness of our ability to supply the demands of the
most extensive business in the staples of trade, nor of the great development of manufacturing industries
in our midst.  I think yoLi have rendered all classes of your fellow-citizens a most valuable service by
your publication. and that the widest circulation should be given to it, especially throughout the West
and South, where its perusal is calculated to have the most beneficial effect in the enlargement of our
trade.
Henry C. Smith, of Tucker, Smnith & Co., President of the Shoe and Leather Association.
I am fully impressed with its inmportance as a valuable means of introducing to the American people
he unrivalled resources which Baltimore possesses as a manufacturing and commercial city, and it is all
Eiportant to make the facts known throughout the country in order to induce capital and skilled labor
- seek our beautiful, healthful and centrally located city, as a desirable field for their profitable
nployment.
FIt has often surprised and annoyed me, to find in travelling South and West such a want of knowledge
Fl regard to these facts, and I have many times thought that we needed just such a Work as youtrs, in
F'der to present the facts which "The Monumental City  contains.
G
G(          I. O. O. F.   Office Cor. and Bee. Secretary R. W.  T. L.  U. S
Go
GiBaltimore owes you a lasting obligation for presenting to the world all such elements of her wealth
G(.d power and general prosperity, for the moral elevation of a people is no less an evidence of greatness,
H,an commerce and the arts, agriculture, manufactures, letters and Religion itself; since there can be
-to true religioi without morals as its basis.
Your Book will open the eyes of people abroad, who have very vague and barren opinions of Baiti   ore, and contribute largely to a general enlightenment, which cannot fail to produce great good for our
aand city.                                Very respectfully yours,
JAS. L. RIDGELY, Cor. Sec'y.
ii
I 
iii     EXTRACTS FROM THE PRESS AND CORRESPONDENCE.
Wmi. Devries, of Wm. Devries & Co.'
Your exhibition of Baltimore's industrial and commercial character and relations, is surprising eve
to our best informed business men, since their observation has been confined mainly to their own departments; and until the appearance of your Work they had no means of comprehending its entire
trade and resources.
A commercial experience in Baltimore of more than forty years, has taught me that the radical error
of the past is this, we as a city have neglected to make known through appropriate channels our unsurpassed facilities.
John T. JMorris, Esq. President of Board of Commissioners of Public Schools,
I have examined the "Mlonumental City, Is Past History and Present Resources," with great pleasure
and cordially commend it to the attention of every citizen of Baltimore.
The past history of our city is full of interest and instruction, and its present resources, as shown
by you, indicate what its future may be, if we properly appreciate our position and opportunities.
Your work will be of special value to our city, if it can be extensively circulated throughout the country.
Hon. A. M. Waddell, Member of Congress, Third Congressional District, North Carolina.
Accept my thanks for the very interesting account of "The Mlonumental City," &c., which I found a
day or two ago, on my return home.
It is a very interesting contribution to the history of American  civilization. and a monument to the
enterprise and industry of the author.
RJev. Cyrus Dickson, D. D., Presbyterian Mission House, No. 23 Centre Street, New York.
I have read it cairerlly, and with a pleasure quickened by the memories of fourteen years' happy resideuce in Baltimore.
It is a grand compend of the past history, present resources, and future progress of the metropolis of
MIaryland and Queen of the Chesapeake.
3Iany things of which I had a very vague knowledge are here put into permanent form, and will
furnish a treasury of valuable information to all parts of the conutry.
Hon. Charles E. Phelps.
The sketch of Washigton City and its environs is the most successful effort which has come under
my notice to present in a popular and attractive style valuable information concerning all points of interest in connection with the seat of the National Government.          *        *        *        *
In point of style it is a literary gem possessing a vivacity and polish which distinguish it from any
work of the kind yet offered to the public.
From the Sentinel, Milwaukee.
We have received a considerable volume entitled  "The Monumental City:  Its Past History and
Present Resources."  The author, Mr. Geo. W. Howard, makes an interesting review of the past progress of Baltimore, and indulges in prophecies as to her future with an enthusiasm which the reader
must largely share. That city owes much to Mr. Howard for this comprehensive volume.
Fron  the Richmond Dispatch, Virginia.
This is the title of a book which will be interesting to business men and of value to Baltimore. It is
the history of one of the most enterprising and prosperous cities in the Union.  Baltimore has had a
career beset with difficulties. Her example may be studied with benefit by other cities.  The history
presented in Mir. Howard's book well shows the triumphs of that city.
Ftrom the Religious Herald, Richmond.
Baltimore is a great and prosperous city. The volume before us contains not only its early history,
but a finely illustrated account of its public buildings and its spacious factories.  The volume is highly #
creditable to its author and to the city which it describes. It is interesting to the general reader and
very valuable to busiaess men, who desi.re to be thoroughly informed of the manufactures and trade ot -
the Monumental  City.
0 $
I'lli 
EXTRACTS FROM TEE PRESS AND CORRESPONDENCE.
ifadz~~ pFrom [ile    uraz  V1e8seng8r,   )e6 t               urg, Va.
'It contains a mass of valuable information in relation to the city of Baltimore, presenting its resources
and development in a new and attractive light, naming many of its prominent business houses, and
giving at the same time illustrations of the public works and a large map of the city.  The writer has
done a good work for the city, and deserves the thanks of the public.
Fromn the Wytheville I)ispatch, Virginia.
To the citizens of Baltimore we can say that never before have your commercial interests, the extent
of your trade and your wonderlul business advantages, been so prominently placed before the people of
the United States.
From thte Sacramento Union, California.
There is nothing in regard to the early history of this noted city that is interesting to know, and
nothing in regard to its extended resources, improvements and advantages at this day, but can be
found described to the minutest detail in this book, which cannot but be perused with pleasure and instruction to the general reader, as well as by those who have the satisfaction of having been residents
of old Baltimore.
Brantz Mayer, Lt. Col. U.S. Army.
[Author of "Mexico as It Was and Is," "Mexico; Aztec, Spanish and Republican," &c., &c.,]
BALTIMOIREI, July 13th, 1875.
GEORGE W. HOWARD, ESQ.
Dear Sir:-I thank you very much for the handsome volume of Baltimore's "Past I-istory and
Present Resources," which you kindly sent to me. I read it with interest and instruction; and as I
went over much of the ground some years ago, I can bear witnless to your accuracy on the matters with
which I am best acquainted.
Having lived for the last four years and a half in California, and observed closely the development of
the Pacific States, I am impressed by the.. great importance to our city of a broadcast distribulion of your
Book over the whole Pacific slope, including California, Nevada, Oregon, and even Arizon2a.  The population of that region is the most eager and energetic I ever dwelt among. It is always striving for wealth,
and, of course, is prompt to open fresh and cheap channels of supply, as well as to find markets for its
productions.  These productions-especially of California and Oregon-are, as you know, marvellous in
quantity and variety. One of its favorite modes is "Advertising." It knows the value of the Press. It
not only uses the city and country papers, but nowhere do I remember to have seen such quantities
books, maps, circulars, pamphlets, prospectuses and handbills, displaying the, wares and industries, the
prospects and advantages of various cities and States, as cover the tables and desks of Oregon, Nevada
and California. These are not mere pfous, but mean and actually produce business, and that too just in
proportion as they are skillfully prepared to attract and convince the keen readers they address. It is
the way in which the attention of such an active society is reached, arrested and controlled. I am
sonrry to say I do not recollect having seen, anywhere, even a handbill from Baltimore.
Now, it seems to me, knowing these things as I do personally, that just such a publication as yoursserious and not clap-trap-a publication addressing itself authoratively to intelligent business men,
must be extremely useful to Baltimore on the Pacific. For instance-cheap, quick transportation between the seaboards of the two sides of the continent is one of the main problems of Californians,
Manufacturers, farmers, traders, importers are all alert on the subject.
I believe, (and I have so said and published in California,) it is demonstrated that Baltimore's central
geographical position-so skillfully availed of by our own great Railway Company-is nearer to the
Pacific coast, and certainly to its sea-going steam tiansportation at Sacramento, Vallejo, and San Francisco, than any other of the great importing cities of the Atlantic coast. This valuable freightcheapening lact is alone worth the cost of placing thousands of your Books in the hands of business
men of all classes on the Pacific. But, short, quick, transportation is not all that is needed. They want
clear, truthful information as to what you grow, what you import, what you manufacture, and who selle,
and how you sell your commodities.
Cities grow rich by trade, but no cities have ever grown rich on freights alone.  Freight augments the
wealth of the transporter; but, all the facilities and good designs of transportation in the world will
never enrich a city or the carrier of freight, if the citizens do not second the transporter's effoibrts. by
mercantile capital and enterprise. That mercantile enterprise must be brought properly and steadily
to the knowledge of purchasers everywhere, especially in a country of eager competition like ours.
I am induced to make these remarks, because, during my long stay and travel on the West coast, I
have so often been mortified to see how little Baltimore and its business are known in California and
Oregon.  One hears very little of any Eastern city but New York.  If our business men do not personally
iv
From the I?uralzVesseng6r, Pete),sburg, Va. 
-,
EXTRACTS FROM THE PRESS AND CORRESPONDENCE.
push their trade to California. give Californians the information of what you have and what you c.n do,
and they will soon begin to push their trade to Baltimore. That would be a victory, which I am sure you
would be proud to help to achieve.         I am, dear sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
BRANTZ MAYEiI.
Brown & Brune, Attorneys and Counsellors at Law.
From your long and great experience as a business man in Baltimore, youL are well fitted to comprehend
and exhibit its vast and constantly expanding commercial, manufacturing and industrial enterprises,
and to present to our attention the energetic men engaged in promoting them. This information you
have in your book, very pleasingly connected with a sketch of the past history of our city, and with a
very complete account of its many and interesting Religious, Scientific and Charitable Institutions. *  *
I am very truly your friend,                  F. W. BRUNE.
GEO. W. HOWARD, ESQ.
Wm. W. Taylor, President National Union Bank of Maryland.
"The Monumental City," &c, disclosing succinctly, but with remarkable perspicuity and intelligence,
the "past history and present resources" of Baltimore, whose progress and popularity cannot be more
surely advanced, than by the difiuse circulation of the profitable information compiled by you with such
laborious skill and patience.
B. F. Newcomer, President Safe Deposit and Trust Company.
" The Monumental City, Its Past History and Present Resources," which has proven to me a source
of much information as well as most agreeable entertainment, and exhibits on your part, in its compilation, a degree of research and persevering energy that I trust may be appreciated by your fellow-citizens,
and especially by the Councils of the City in such substantial manner as will not only benefit you, but
will enable the whole City to reap the advantages of so valuable a work.
Rev. Julius E. Grammer, 1). D., P. E. Church.
No foreign guide-book of a single city surpasses yours, and the contrast between Baltimore of 1752
and Baltimore of to-day is a type of the growth of this country and the spirit of progress among its
people, which cannot be more strikingly presented than it has been by you.
Rev. B. Szold, D. D., Rabbi of the Oheb-Shalom (Cong.)
It will induce thousands to whom the wealth and attractions of Baltimore are unknown, to visit and
enrich it with new enterprises.
Our city and State would be greatly benefitted if our authorities would give your book-which  I consider a monumental work-a wide circulation. It ought to be a household book throughout the city and
State. It shows the abundant germs this city has for a great future.
Rev. Samuel D. Alexander, D. D., 73d Street, Newq York.
NEw YOREa, August 23, 1875.
MESSRS. EDITORS:
In looking over the new addition of "The Monumental City," &c., I am deeply impressed with its
value to the residents of Baltimore.
It would be a mistake t( suppose that it is a mere advertising medium, benefitting the large dealers
and manufacturers; I believe that it tends as much to the advancement and best interests of the poorest
man in the city: for whatever advances the interests of the city, reaches the every day laborer who is
industrious.  I can conceive of no better way of helping every man in Baltimore, from the man that
sweeps the streets to the Merchant Prince, than by scattering 100,000 copies of this Volume over the
whole land.
And then this book places beside Trade and the useful Arts, the Church, the School, and the grand
charities for which Baltimore is distinguished. They must all rise together or fall together. There is
a power that emanates from the (Church and the School that reaches even the channels of Trade and
Commerce, and then there is a reflex influence sent back upon these Religious and Moral Institutions.
The exhaustive notice of the Peabody Institute which this Book contains will doubtless influence other
monied men to follow his noble example.
When I first took up this Book, it appeared to be simply a mere advertising medium; but after reading
it. these pages of advertisements proved to be grand testimonies of the wealth, the industry, the morality and the culture of this great city.
Mr. Howard seems to have a genius for making sign-boards speak great historical truths, and may I
not say prophecies of what Baltimore shall presently be.
I have placed this Book in my collection of Local Histories, and I predict that it will be a rich storehouse from which the future Historian of Maryland and Baltimore will gladly turn for facts.
Yours, &c.,                            S.D. ALEXANDER.
v