-HtSTG)ktCAL                         HkETCH
OF
VJNH~~k     G~LLL~t$..
FOUNDED AT POUGHKEEPSIE, N. Y.,
JANUARY iS, i86i.
PREPARED IN COMPLIANCE WITH AN INVITATION FROM THE COMMISSION OF THE BUREAU OF EDUCATION,
REPRESENTING THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR IN MATTERS RELATING
TO THE NATIONAL CENTENNIAL OF 1176.
S. W. GREEN, PRINTER, i6 AND 18 JACOB STREET, NEW-YORK.
1876.  
VASSAk  Cc)LLLGL.
THE FOUNDER.
MATTHEW VASSAR was born April 29, in the year 1792, at East Dereham, Tuddenham, in
the County of Norfolk, England, near the little river Oise, not far from the Nofth Sea.  His father
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BiRTHPLACE.                                              FIRST RESIDENCE IN POUGHKEEPSIE.
removed to the United States in 1796, settled in 1797 on a farm about three miles from the present
city of Poughkeepsie, and in I 801, in company with his brother, commenced a brewery in Poughkeepsie, which they continued until 1812, when it was burned.  Young Vassar, who had been for a
time in school, and subsequently in a country store, commenced, business in a small way on his own
account, and afterward, in connection with his nephews, Matthew Vassar, Jr., and John Guy Vassar,
and others, built up an immense business, and accumulated a large fortune.
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LAST RESIDENCE. 
2                              VASSAl? COLLEGE.
INCEPTION OF THE ENTERPRISE.
Late in life, having no children to inherit his property, it became his cherished purpose to apply
a large portion of his estate to some benevolent object, and in 1845, having visited Guy's Hospital
in London, an institution founded by a kinsman over a hundred years before, his thoughts from that
time were much occupied with the idea of becoming a benefactor of his race.  Having made himself
familiar with the history, construction, equipment, and operations of Guy's Hospital, he came home
full of the idea of establishing a similar institution in the town in which he had accumulated his
wealth.  He continued to cherish this with other benevolent ideas down to the year I 8~ 5.  His project of beneficence, though not yet having acquired definite shape, remained a fixed purpose in his
mind, and was the subject of frequent conversation with his friends; for he had determined to execute
it during his lifetime.  At length his niece, who had planted and fostered in his mind the idea of
founding a model school for young women, died suddenly.  Cottage Hill Seminary, of which she
had been Principal, was closed; and for a while the subject of the education of women was less in
Mr. Vassar's thoughts, as a practical matter, than the founding of a hospital.  The latter object engaged his most serious attention; and he had taken important preliminary steps to the establishment,
in Poughkeepsie, of an extensive asylum for the comfort and care of the sick, when circumstances
turned the tide of his thoughts and desires again in a strong current toward the great work proposed
by his niece.
In the spring of I 8~~, Cottage Hill Seminary was purchased and re-opened by Professor M. P.
Jewett, who had been for several years at the head of a large school for young women in Alabama.
He united himself in fellowship with the Central Baptist Church, which Mr. Vassar attended, and
the most friendly and confidential relations were soon formed between them.  When the topic that
occupied so much of Mr. Vassar's thought became a subject of conversation, Doctor Jewett suggested
that by erecting and endowing a college for young women-an institution that should be to their
sex what Yale and Harvard are to young men-he might become a greater benefactor to his race
than by any other act.  Here was the generous idea of Miss Booth amplified.  The project at once
commended itself to Mr. Vassar's judgment, and awakened a desire to carry it out on a scale commensurate with his liberal impulses.  Mr. Vassar clearly perceived that the time was auspicious for
such a project.  He was offered the opportunity of leading in a cause of enlightened benevolence, of
the most profound interest to his country and mankind, in which others might follow, but none had
gone before.  To him was proffered the high privilege and the peculiar honor of actually establishing
and putting into operation the firs I permanent well-equipped college for young women ever projected, and he gladly accepted the boon, with a sincere desire to be a public benefactor.
PRELIMINARY MEASURES.
A correspondence, oral and epistolary, was opened with some of the leading educators of the
land.  Architects were consulted; plans for the buildings were submitted, and examined with the
most rigid scrutiny; and the result was a determination on his part to erect and endow, during his
lifetime, a college for young women, on a large scale, in the most perfect manner then attainable,
and upon the most liberal basis, in which no sect, as such, should have a controlling influence.  He 
VASSAR COLLEGE.                                    3
was warmly attached to the Baptists by life-long associations, and a majority of the educated men
and educators whom he consulted upon his projected enterprise were of that denomination.  But
when he was asked "if he purposed placing the College under the control of the Baptists," Mr. Vassar 5 catholic spirit instantly dissented; and in his address to the Trustees of the College at the organization of the Board, five years later, he expressed his wishes on that point in the following brief
sentence:
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Ce,,`~/W~Ke~(//~ tAt Wijc~kce~6,`#e
r
THE COLLEGE CHARTERED.
In the spring of 1 86o, Mr. Vassar, then nearly seventy years of age, determined to carry out
his long-chenshed plan at once.  The following winter a charter was obtained from the Legislature
of the State of New-York.  In it the name of" Vassar Female College" was given to the projected
institution.  At the request of the Board of Trustees, in compliance with an expressed wish of the
founder, that name was changed, by an act of the Legislature on the 1st day of February, 1867, by
the omission of the word "Female."  The corporate title is now "Vassar Cpllege."  The act for its
incorporation passed on the i8th of January, iS6i, having been passed through both Houses in advance
of all other bills, because of the favor and enthusiasm with which it was regarded by member~ of the
Legislature.
The following is a copy of the Charter:
AN  ACT
TO INCORPOHATE VASSAH FEMALE COLLEGE.
Passed January i8th, i86i.
TAc Peo~ie of tke State of New- York, re~resented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows:
S~c~io~ I. Matthew Vassar, Ira Hams, William Kelly, James Harper, Martin B. Anderson, John Thompson,
Edward Lathrop, Charles W. Swift, E. L. Magoon, S. M. Buckingham, Milo P. Jewett, Nathan Bishop, Matthew Vassar,
Jr., Benson J. Los sing, E. G. Robinson, Samuel F. B. Morse, S. S. Constant, John Guy Vassar, William Hague, Rufus
Babcock, Cornelius Du Bois, John H. Raymond, Morgan L. Smith, Cyrus Swan, George W. Sterling, George T. Pierce,
Smith Sheldon, Joseph C. Doughty, and A. L. Allen, are hereby constituted a body corporate, by the name of "Vassar
Female College," to be located in Dutchess County, near the city of Poughkeepsie.  By that name the said corporation
sl~all have perpetual succession, with power to fill vacancies as they may occur from time to time in their board, to sue
and be sued, to contract and be contracted with, to make and use a common seal and to alter the same at pleasure, to
purchase, take, and hold, by gift, grant, or devise, subject to "an Act relating to Wills," passed April i3th, i86o, except
in the case of Matthew Vassar, herein named, and to dispose of, any real and persona] property, the yearly income or
revenue of which shall not exceed the value of forty thousand dollars.
~ 2. The object and purpose of said corporation are hereby declared to be, t6 promote the education of young
women in literature, science, and the arts.
~ 3. The College may grant to students under its charge diplomas or honorary testimonials, in such form as it may
designate.  It may also grant and confer such honors, degrees, and diplomas as are granted by any university, college, or
seminary of learning in the United States. 
4                                      VASSAl? COLLEGE.
~ 4. Diplomas granted by the College shall entitle the possessors to the immunities and privileges allowed by usage
or statute to the possessors of like diplomas from any university, college, or seminary of learning in this State.
~ 5. The persons named in the first section of this act shall be the first trustees of the said corporation.. The
President of the College, while holding office, shall be a member of the Board of Trustees.
~ 6. Nine trustees shall be a quorufil for the transaction of business; but no real estate shall be bought or sold, and
no president or professor of the College shall be appointed or removed, except by the affirmative vote of a majority of all
the trustees.
~ 7. The corporation shall have all such powers, and be subject to such duties and liabilities as are applicable to
colleges, and are specified or contained in the second and nfth articles of the first title of the fifteenth chapter of the first
part of the revised statutes, and in title third, chapter eighteen of the same part of the revised statutes, except so far as
the same are inconsistent with the provisions of this act.
~ 8. Matthew Vassar, of Poughkeepsie, is hereby authorized and empowered to give, graAt, devise, and bequeath to
the aforesaid corporation, by his last will and testament, or otherwise, any such portion of his estate as he may choose so
to give, grant, devise, or bequeath, any existing act or statute to the contrary notwithstanding.
~ 9. This act shall take effect immediately.
-The twenty-nine persons chosen by Mr. Vassar to constitute the "body corporate-" of the College, and to be its first Trustees and his co-workers in the enterprise, were all his personal friends,
and one half of them were his fellow-townsmen.
BOARD OF TRUSTEES ORGANIZED.
Immediately after the act of incorporation became a law, Mr. Vassar, over his own signature,
informed the several persons named in the charter of the fact, and of their appointment, and they
were requested to meet for the purpose of organizing a Board of Trustees, and adopting measures
for carrying forward the enterprise.  They assembled, pursuant to public notice, - in the city of
Poughkeepsie, on the 26th of February, 1861.  After a prayer by Rev. Edward Lathrop, D)D., a
Board of Trustees was organized by the election of the Hon. William Kelly Chairman, and Cyrus
Swan, Esq., Secretary.
FOUNDATION LAID.
The result having been announced, Mr. Vassar arose and read to the Trustees the following
statement of his views and wishes:
"G~~~~E~E~: As my long-cherished purpose-to apply a large portion of iny estate to some benevolent object-is
now about to be accomplished, it seems proper that I should submit to you a statement of my motives, views, and wishes.
"It having pleased God that I should have no descendants to inherit my property, it has long been my desire, after
suitably providing for those of my kindred who have claims on me, to make such a disposition of my means as should best
honor God and benefit my fellow-men. At different periods I have regarded various plans with favor, but these have all
been dismissed one after another, until the sunjzcv OF ERECTING AND ENDOWING A COLLEGE FOR THE EDUCATION OF
YOUNG WOMEN was presented for my consideration. The novelty, grandeur, and benignity of the idea arrested my attention.  The more carefully I examined it, the more strongly it commended itself to my judgment and interested my
feelings.
-  "It occurred to me, that woman, having received from her Creator the same intellectual constitution as man, has the
same right as man to intellectual culture and development.
"I considered that the MOTHERS of a country mould the character of its citizens, determine its institutions, and shape
its destiny.
"Next to the influence of the mother, is that of the FEMALE TEACHER, who is employed to train young children at a
period when impressions are most vivid and lasting.
"It also seemed to me, that if women were properly educated, some new avenues to useful and honorable employment,
-in entire harmony with the gentleness and modesty of her sex, might be opened to her.
"It further appeared, there is not in our country, there is not in the world, so far as is known, a single fully endowed
institution for the education of women.
`It was also in evidence that, for the last thirty years, the standard of education for the sex has been constantly ris 
VASSAR COLLEGE.                                           5
ing in the United States; and the great, felt, pressing want has been ample endowments, to secure to female seminaries
the elevated ~haracter, the stability and permanency of our b~st colleges.
"And now, gentlemen, influenced by these and similar considerations, after devoting my best powers to the study of
the subject for a number of years past; after duly weighing the objections against it, and the arguments that preponderate
in its favor; and the project having received the warmest commendations of many prominent literary men and practical
educators, as well as the universal approval of the public press, I have come to the conclusion, that the establishment and
endowment of a college for the education of young women is a work which will satisfy my highest aspirations, and will
be, under God, a rich blessing to this city and State, to our country and the world.
"It is my hope to be the instrument, in the hands of Provideiice, of founding and perpetuating an institution which
shall accomplish for young women what our colleges are accomplishing for young men.
"In pursuance of this design, I have obtained from the Legislature an act of incorporation, conferring on the propos~d seminary the corporate title of`Vassar Female College,' and naming you, gentlemen, as the first Trustees.  Under
the provisions of this charter you are invested with all tl~e powers, privileges, and immunities which appertain to any college or university in this State.
"To be somewhat more specific in the statement of my views as to the character and aims of the College:
"I wish that the course of study should embrace at least the following particulars: The English Language and its
Literature; other Modern Languages; the Ancient Classics, so far as may be dem~nded by the spirit of the times  the
Mathematics, to such an extent as may be deemed advisable; all the branches of Natural Science, with full apparatus,
cabinets, collections, and conservatories for visible illustration; Anatomy, Physiology, and Hygiene, with practical reference to the laws of the health of the sex; Intellectual Philosophy; the elements of Political Economy; some knowledge
of the Federal and State Constitutions and Laws; Moral Science, particularly as bearing on the filial, conjugal, and par ental relations; ~sthetics, as treating of the beautiful in Nature and Art, and to be illustrated by an ~xtensive~Gallery of
Art; Domestic Economy, practically taught, so far as is possible, in order to prepare the graduates readily to become skilful housekeepers; last, and most important of all, the daily, systematic Reading and Study of the Holy Scriptures, as the
only and all-sufficient rule of Christian faith and practice.
"All sectarian influences should be carefully excluded; but the training of our students should never be intrusted to
the skeptical, the irreligious, or the immoral.
"In forming the first Bpard of Trustees, I have selected representatives from the principal Christian denominations
among us; and in filling the vacancies which may occur in this body, as also in appointing the Professors, Teachers, and
other officers of the College', I trust a like catholic spirit will always govern the Trustees.
"It is not my purpose to make VASSAR FEMALE COLLEGE a charity school, whose advantages shall be free to all without charge; for benefits so cheaply obtained are cheaply held; but it is believed the funds of the institution will enable it
to offer' to all the highest educational facilities at a moderate expense, as compared with the cost of instruction in existing seminaries.  I earnestly hope the funds will also prove sufficient to warrant the gratuitous admission of a considerable number of indigent students annually-at least, by regarding the amount remitted, in most cases, as a loan, to be
subsequently repaid from the avails of teaching, or otherwise.  Preference sh9uld be given to beneficiaries of decided
promise-such as are likely to distinguish themselves in some particular department or pursuit-and, especially, to those
who propose to engage in the teaching of the young as a profession.
I desire that the College may be provided with commodious buildings, containing ample apartments for public instruction, and at the same time affording to the inmates the safety, quiet, privacy, and purity of the family.
"And now, gentlemen of the Board of Trustees, I transfer to your possession and ownership the real and personal
property which I have set apart for the accomplishment of my designs."
With these words, Mr. Vassar formally transferred from his own custody to that of the Trustees, bonds and mortgages, certificates of stock, and a deed of conveyance, representing more than
four hundred thousand dollars of his wealth ($408,900).
Having performed that impressive act, Mr. Vassar concluded as follows
"I beg permission to add a brief and general expression of my views in regard to the most judicious use and management of the funds. After the College edifice has been erected. and`furnished with all needful aids and appliances for imparting the most perfect education of body, mind, and heart, it is my judgment and wish that the amount remaining in
hand should be safely invested —to remain as a principal,' only the annual income of which should be expended in the preservation of the buildings and grounds; the support of the faculty; the replenishing and enlarging of the library, cabinet,
art-gallery, etc.; and in adding to the capital on hand; so that the College, instead of18]being impoverished, and tending to
decay from year to year, shall always contain within itself the elements of growth and expansion, of increasing power,
prosperity, and usefulness.
"In conclusion, gentlemen, this enterprise, which I regard as the last great work of my life, I commit to you as a 
6                                       UASSAi? COLLECE.
sacred trust, which I feel assured you will discharge with fidelity and uprightness, with wisdom and prudence, with ability
and energy.
"It is my fervent desire that I may live to see the institution in successful operation; and, if God shall give me life
and strength, I shall gladly employ my best faculties in co-operating with you to secure the full and perfect consummation
of the work before'us."
When Mr. Vassar resumed his seat, the Rev. Dr. Hague offered the fbll~wing resolutions:
"Resolved, That we, as Trustees, accept the munificent donation now presented by Matthew Vassar, Esq., for the purpose of founding and endowing VASSAR FEMALE CoLLLEGE;
"That we highly appreciate the practical wisdom, the patriotic forecast, as well as the unparalleled liberality, which
prompt him to devote so large a portion of his fortune to this noble work while he yet lives;
"That we pledge ourselves to use our best endeavors so to guard, foster, and apply these funds intrusted to us, as to
fulfil his instructions and to realize his beneficent design
"That the statement of Mr. Vassar's views just submitted be placed on the records of this Board; and also be engrossed on parchment, and preserved among the archives of the College forever."
Dr. Hague then said:
"In offering these resolutions to the acceptance of this Board of Trustees, it may be proper for me to say a few words,
expressive of my convictions as to the nature, the dignity, and the scope of the great trust that is npw committed to our
hands.
"The statements that have just been read by Mr. Vassar, unfolding his cherished aims in relation to the establishment
of a Female College in this city, the munificence of his provisions, and the breadth of his plan, signalize an important step
of progress in the advancement of intellectual culture throughout this country. It is adapted to call forth the sympathetic regards of the whole people in this sisterhood of States; for if there be any one feature that particularly distinguishes our American civilization in the view of the world, it is the influence of cultivated womanhood in the formation
and development of American character.
"The power of this influence has been recognized by all careful observers, both at home and abroad. It has attracted
the attention of tourists, philosophers, historians, and writers of every class. The most truthful, touching, and sincere
eulogium that was ever uttered by an English author, as a tribute of honor fo this country, came from the pen of an eminent prelate, Bishop Wilson (the successor of the celebrated Heber at Calcutta), when he declared that the American
women, the wives of missionaries, whom he had had occasion to observe in Asia for a course of years, realized his best
conceptions of cultivated Christian womanhood, of gentleness and refinement of manners, combined with the highest
qualities of heroic excellence.
"This spontaneous tribute to the character of American women in our own age is in happy keeping with the most
trusted testimonies of the past, in regard to the influence of that array of noble-minded women who had a conspicuous
part to act in the training of this nation during the stormy days of its infancy, and thus in shaping our national destiny:
a mighty moral force, that was pithily expressed by one of the offi~ers of the French army at the close of the Revolutionary War, when, as Mr. Custis says, at a farewell entertainment given to them in Virginia, after having paid their respects
to the mother of Washington, he exclaimed as she retired from the assembly-room, leaning on the arm of her son:`No
wonder that America has had such a leader, since he has had such a mother!'
"Those were times, Mr. Chairman, that subjected womanly character to the most searching ordeals, and developed all
its latent energies.  The men who were engrossed by the demands of public affairs were obliged to leave the education of
their sons almost entirely to the mother at home. A fine exemplification of this is furnished in the letters of President
Adams to his wife in regard to their domestic concerns, and especially the education of their son, John ~uincy Adams,
whose name now shines as a brilliant star in the firmament of American history. The letters of Mrs. Adams to her son
prove her high qualifications for the discharge of her sacred trust; and the long, arduous lifework of that eminent man
is to he regarded, in part, as her own cherished legacy to the land that she loved, and to the generation which is now in
the prime of its manly power, as well as to that which has already passed away.
"And here I am naturally led to remark that the sentiment which has just now been expressed, in the written statement that Mr. Vassar has presented to us, is fully verified by all the teachings of our national history.  He speaks of the
necessity of provi ding such an education for the women of this country as shall be adequate to give them a position of
intellectual equality with men, in domestic and social life. The thought looms up with new aspects of dignity, the more
closely it is considered.  In olden times this equality was a marked feature of American life, manners, and habits. The
wife was not merely the superintendent of a household: 428;1229;2451]she~was the honored friend, companion, and counsellor. In the
settlement of these colonies, more than two centuries ago, she was the sharer not only of domestic joys and sorrows, but
of all the cares pertaining to the establishment of the Church, the State, and the nation. Then the sons and- daughters of
America were educated together, and their attainments were so nearly alike as to constitute a social equipoise, that 
VASSAR COLLEGE.                                  7
for a long period continued firm and undisturbed.  But of late years, the wealth and energies of the people have been
lavished upon colleges and universities for young men to such an extent in this one line of direction, that the balance is
no longer even, and the former adjustment of the social forces has become somewhat deranged. This derangement must
be remedied, the balance must be restored, or our national character can not hold its place of eminence, but must gravitate toward an abyss.  If the time shall come when the educated young men of America shall cease to look up to their
mothers with the sentiments of respect that were cherished by our fathers in their young days, if our sons shall cease to
find in their sisters companions suited to their mental needs, home-life must lose its former attractions; the moral atmosphere that has surrounded the household will be no fonger genial; and the most fearful organic evils that have been inherent in the social structure of many nations in the Old World will be reproduced on our soil in rank luxuriance, and
with consequences that enfold a vast and irremediable ruin.
"It was not without good reason that a distinguished American traveller in Turkey said, that he despaired of any valid
reformation of that once strong but now decaying nation, until woman should be restored to that position of social
equality that God had originally assigned to her; and it was with equal reason that a French statesman declared, many
years ago, that`the chief want of France is mothers!'  So, too, we may rest assured that the great work to which American patriotism is now called to task itself, is that of sustaining and extending the influence of a well-cultivated Christian
womanhood throughout the length and breadth of these United States, which we all love to call`our country,' and whose
citizenship has so long been the shield of our safety, honor, and prosperity.
"With these views, Mr. Chairman, I submit the resolutions now before you."
The resolutions offered by Dr. Hague were adopted by the unanimous vote of the Trustees.
Matthew Vassar, Jr., a nephew of the founder, was chosen to be the Treasurer of the BUard, and the
title-deeds and assignments, duly executed, which had been absolutely and unconditionally given to
Vassar College, were placed in his custody.
Professor Milo P. Jewett w~s elected the first President of the College.  An Executive Committee was chosen, consisting of the following persons: Charles W. Swift, Matthew Vassar, Matthew
Vassar, Jr., Cyrus Swan, and Cornelius Du Bois; and various other Standing Committees were appointed for the ensuing year.
COLLEGE BUILDING ERECTED.
Immediately after the organization of the Board of Trustees, measures were adopted for erecting
the College building without delay.  The distinguished architect, James Renwick, Jr., was employed
to make plans and specifications for a college building commensurate with the founder's liberal
designs.  These were laid before the Board at the time of its organization, and were accepted.  The
Executive Committee of the Board soon afterward made a contract with Mr. Renwick for the erection of tbe edifice, and with William Harloe as the builder.
The land conveyed to the Trustees by the founder consisted of two hundred acres, lying nearly
two miles eastward of the Court-House in Poughkeepsie, and at a little greater distance from the
Hudson River.
A site on the bank of the river might have seemed more desirable than one so inland; but
when both were carefully considered, the advantages offered by the latter were manifestly greater
than any to be found on the Hudson, near Poughkeepsi~.  It was away from those great lines of
travel, the river and the railway, which afford facilities for a multitude of intrusions and annoyances,
and was sufficiently near the city to make its markets easily available.  It was in a healthful place
in the midst of beautiful rural scenery, with much of the horizon bounded by distant mountains;
and there was a lake of pure spring-water on the grounds, whose outlet, that had for years turned a
mill-wheel, offered assurance of an adequate and unfailing supply.
The site on the farm selected for the College building was a little plain, bounded on the west
by the highway, and on the east and south by a ravine and gentle hollows.  There the outlines of 
8                                VASSAl? COLLECE.
the edifice were marked out by the architect and builder; and on Tuesday, the 4th day of June,
186 i,Mr. Vassar  broke ground," lifting a spadeful of earth from its bed, and tracing with the plough
a portion of the trench which was to receive the foundation-st~nes of the building.  Only two of
the Trustees besides himself (Messrs. Du Bois and Swan), with the Reverend Howard Malcom,
D.D., of Philadelphia, and one or two others, were present as witnesses of the interesting ceremonial.
At the request of the founder, Dr. Malcom, in a brief supplication, asked God's blessing on the
enterprise.  Thus, without display, and with the simple religious ceremony of prayer to God, in
the presence of a few of his fellow-citizens, the founder of Vassar College began with his own hands
the material labor of the enterprise.  The spadeful of earth was placed in a jar, and, with the implement with which it was raised, is preserved in the College Museum.
The late civil war was kindling when the Board of Trustees was organized.  The shocks of
the political earthquake then rocking the nation to its centre rapidly unsettled all values, and some
of the securities which formed a part of the College Fund were greatly depreciated.  But the
founder and the Trustees went steadily forward, and in the month succeeding the cessation of
hostilities, the Board found the College edifice compl$ted and nearly equipped.      -
CHANGE OF PRESIDENT.
So early as the spring of 1864, Dr. Jewett had offered his resignation of the Presidency of the
College and of his seat in the Board of Trustees.  It was accepted, and he was succeeded in the
former office by John H. Raymond, LL.D., who was one of the Trustees, an active member of the
Committee on Faculty and Studies, and a successful educator of long experience.  Dr. Jewett's
place in the Board of Trustees was filled by Rev. Henry Ward Beecher.
OPENING OF THE COLLEGE.
Through all the years of preparation, the founder had been not only a deeply interested spectator, but a most zealo~s co-worker.  As a member of the Executive and Building Committees, he
gave the closest personal attention to all the details of the work; and at every annual meeting of
the Board he opened its proceedings by reading a statement of his views and wishes.
-__________ ~~Thft-ff-~ —-~ —~ —-Th~~~ — T7~~MLLThM~~&~~, - -
_        -— ~ — Thy)                    - ~
~~ss~~ ~o~~~~~.
At the beginning of the year 1865, the College building stood complete.  An Astronomical
Observatory had also been erected; and a spacious Gymnasium (includLug a Riding-School) was 
VASSAR COLLEGE.                                    9
begun soon after, and finished before the opening of the second collegiate year.  By the time the
Board of Trustees assembled, in June, i865, the College building was ready for its equipment of
furniture and apparatus; and it was determined to open it for the reception of pupils in the ensuing
autumn.  The summer was spent in the final preparations; a full corps of professors and teachers
was appointed; a prospectus was issued, embodying the scheme of internal organization and the
provisional course of study recommended by the new President; and on the 20th day of September, 1865, the first collegiate year of Vassar College was begun.  It opened with more than three
hundred students, a faculty of eight professors, besides the President and Lady Principal, and twenty
assistant teachers in the various departments of instruction.
Three* of the Faculty and all the assistants were women.  This was in accordance with the
expressed wish of the founder, who especially desired the full co~operation of women in the
instruction and discipline of the College.  At the meeting in June, 1864, when the question of the
appointment of professors was to be considered, he made this the subject of his regular discourse,
in the course of which he said:
It is my hope-it was my only hope and desire-indeed, it has been the main incentive to all I have a) ready done, or
may hereafter do, or hope to do, to inaugurate a new era in the history and life of woman. The attempt you are fo aid
me in making fails wholly of its point if it be not an advance, and a decided advance.  I wish to give one sex all the
advantages too long monopolized by the other. Ours is, and is to be, an institution for women-not men.  In all its
labors, positions, rewards, and hopes, the idea is the development and exposition, and the marshalling to the front and
the preferment of women-of their powers on every side, demonstrative of their equality with men~demonstrative,
indeed, of such capacities as in certain fixed directions surpass those of men. This, I conceive, may be fully accomplished within the rational limits of true womanliness, and without the slightest hazard to the attractiveness of her
character.  we are indeed already defeated before we commence, if such development be in the least dangerous to the
dearest attributes of her sex. we are not the less defeated, if it be hazardous for her to avail herself of her highest
educated powers when that point is gained. we are defeated if we start upon the assumption that she has no powers,
save those she may derive or imitate from tbe other sex.  we are defeated if we recognize the idea that she may not,
with every propriety, contribute to the world the benefits of matured faculties which education evokes. we are
especially defeated if we fail to express by our acts our practical belief in her pre.eminent powers as an instructor of her
own sex.
RETIREMENT OF THE FOUNDER.
The auspicious opening of the College gave its venerable founder the greatest satisfaction.
The desire to have this result reached during his lifetime was gratified.  With faith and hope, yet
with intense anxiety, he had labored with the Trustees for the accomplishment of this object.  But
now that the institution was ready to begin its work, he withdrew, as the following correspondence
shows, from further participation in the task of management:
"SPRINGsIDE, P0UGHKEEPSIE, June 17, 1865.
"NATHAN BISHoP, LL.D.:
"Mv DEAR SIR: The first stage in the development of that great enterprise to which I have devoted a large portion
of my fortune and the latest labors of my life, is now drawing to a close. The erection of the College edifice, and its
equipment with the material apparatus of instruction, will soon be completed; and, with the coming autumn, its interior
~ife as a great educational establishment will begin.
"Thus far the work of the Executive committee has been, in a great measure, that of a building committee, and I
bave cheerfully shared its perplexities and toils, from a conviction that my long experience in the management of material
affairs would enable me to give them important aid.
"Although a kind Providence has blessed me with more than ordinary health and vigor for my years, yet I begin to
feel sensibly the wear and tear of these numerous and ever~multiplying details; and since the business of the Executive
-     * Now four.
... 
10                                      VASSAR COLLEGE.
Committee must hereafter pertain more than heretofore to the internal regulation of the College, I have felt a strong desire to be relieved by some gentleman, who, in addition to the general qualities of business capacity, high probity, and
public spirit, possesses a special experience and practical knowledge in the management of an institution of learning.
"With this view, I have not only looked carefully over the list of our Trustees, but extended my view through the
entire range of my acquaintance, and, among all within my reach, or beyond my reach, I find no one who possesses those
qualifications so eminently and so entirely as yourself.  It is my desire, therefore, at the approaching meeting of the Board
of Trustees, to resign my present place as chairman of the Executive Committee; and my earnest hope is that you will
consent to accept and discharge this honorable trust.
"I have requested President Raymond, and our mutual friend, Mr. Stephen M. Buckingham, to be the bearers of this
communication, and to give any further explanation of my views (of which they are fully informed) that you may desire.
"Meanwhile, believe me, dear Sir,
"Yours very respectfully, etc.,     M. VASSAR."
"N~w-Yo~~, June 23, I86~.
"M~TT~~w VASSAR, ESQ.:
"Mv DEAR S~R: Yesterday, President Raymond and S. M. Buckingham, Esq., presented me your kind letter of the
21St inst.
"After a somewhat full conversation with them, I consented to comply with your request.  In taking this step, I have
yielded my own preferences to your wishes, for I assure you that it has long been a source of pleasure to me to co-operate
with you in establishing Vassar Female College-an institution which will become a perpetual blessing to the country,
and place you among the great benefactors of mankind.
"With best regards,
"I remain, dear Sir,
"Very truly yours,
"NATHAN BISHOP."
ORIGINAL BUILDINGS.
The following description of the buildings and grounds, as they were soon after the opening of
the College, is abridged from a volume by Benson J. Lossing, LL.D., entitled "Vassar College and
its Founder," and published in 1867.  The materials for the preceding sketch and the illustrations
are mainly taken from the same work.
The subsequent changes are stated in the accompanying foot-notes.
MAIN EDIFICE.
The main edifice is five hundred feet in length, with a breadth through the centre of about two
hundred feet, and at the transverse wings of one hundred and sixty-four feet.  It is constructed of
dull red brick, the joints pointed with black mortar.  The water-tables, and trimmings of the doors
and windows, are of blue free-stone.  The centre building and the wings are five stories in height,
and the connecting poftions are four stories in height.  ~Within the edifice are six independent
dwellings for resident officers; accommodations for about four hundred students; apartments for a
full complement of managers and servants; suites of rooms for class recitations, lectures, and instruction in music and painting; a chapel; dining-hall; parlors; suitable apartments for a library and art
gallery, philosophical apparatus, laboratories, cabinets of Natural History, and all other appuftenances of a first-class college.  Also ample arrangements for a kitchen, bakery, and laundry.
The height of the centre building, from the foundation to the top of the dome, is ninety-two
feet.  All of the partition-walls are of brick, and are carried up from the ground to the top of the
upper story.  There is a corridor in each story, twelve feet in width and five hundred and eightyfive feet in length, affording room for exercise in inclement weather.  These corridors may be instantly divided into five separate parts, by iron doors connected with eight fire-proof walls.  The
latter are in pairs, standing ten feet apart, and cut the building into five divisions.  These pairs of 
VASSAR COLLEGE.                                 II
walls are connected only at the corridors, where the floor is brick and stone, over which the iron
doors may slide and be closed, so that, should a fire' occur in one portion of the building, the other
parts would be secure.
For further security against accident by fire, iron pipes, from water-tanks on the attic floor,
pass down through the different stories.  To these hose is attached on each floor, and conveys water
with great force.  A steam or water pump may be speedily brought into use, if needed.  A watchman traverses the, building at night, and the engineer or his assistant is always within call.  There
are nine stairways from the top to the bottom of the building, and eight passages for egress.
These several provisions make the inmates almost absolutely secure from accidents by fire.
The building is protected by six thousand feet of lightning-rods; and running through it are
pipes for conveying gas, heat, water, and waste, about twenty-five miles in aggregate length.
The arrangement, equipment, and uses of the several floors are as follows:
First is the Cellar, traversed by the lower sections of all the pipes, and containing the College
bakery and store-rooms, the refrigerator,* the carpenter's and other shops, and forty-seven airchambers connected with the heating apparatus.
Tbe entrance to the First Story is in the middle of the centre building.  On the right of the
passage are rooms for the transaction of the general business of the College.  The first is 6ccupied
by the Registrar and Clerk, and the adjoining one is the Trustees' Room, in which the Executive
Committee meet, and the Treasurer and Secretary keep their books and papers.  Adjoining this on
the plan is the kitchen of the President's house (H).
*A separate refrigerator, about twenty feet by fifteen, and twenty feet high, has since been built outside of the Coliege buildings, for the more perfect preservation of meats, fruit, etc.,for the College table. 
12                                       VASSAR COLLEGE.
On the left of the passage are three connecting rooms devoted to practical instruction in
Chemistry.  G is the laboratory; C a recitation-room ~ and A a commodious lecture-room
67
a      - Qj 8  6' Lc ~ /0     B    F  I' -- I                 a A  a A 6 a   6  -    a ~
A a        A a  a A 6 a  6 ~a
twenty-five by thirty feet in area, and fifteen feet in height.  Across the corridor, and similar to A
and G in shape and dimensions, are the Physical lecture-room and laboratory (B, F), the latter containing the philosophical apparatus.t
* This room is now fitted up as a special laboratory, for instruction and practice in qualitative analysis. It is arranged
for a class of fifty students, each table being supplied with a full set of the necessary reagents and apparatus.
t The following is a list of the apparatus now in use:
IN M~cH~Nics: Atwood's machine with Ritchie's electro-magnetic movement; whirling table; gyroscope.
IN Hv~~osTATics AND HvDRAuLics: Plateau's apparatus for the study of liquids freed from the action of gravity;
Haldat's apparatus for the study of liquid pressure; hydrostatic-press; spouting-fluid apparatus.
IN PNEuMATicS: Air-pump with various accessories; condensing-chamber and condenser; improved Boyle;s law apparatus.
IN SOU~D: Lyn~an's wave apparatus; apparatus for the vibration of plates; vibratometer (new form) for demonstrating the laws of vibrating cords by means of nodes and segments; sonometer (new form) with fifteen wires; mounted tuning-forks; diapason, la~, Ko~nig; soufflerie for organ-pipes; set of organ-pipes; tubes for sounding flames; revolving mirror for analysis of sounding flames.
IN LIGHT: Heliostat; glass mirrors, plane, concave, convex, and cylindrical; pair of curved metallic mirrors, nickelplated; lenses of various forms and sizes; prisms of glass and of bisulphide of carbon; achromatic prism; inverting prism;
polyprism; rotator for colored disks; illuminated fountain apparatus; large binocular microscope; spectroscope; Becquerel's apparatus for the spectra of liquids; Plu.~cker's tubes for the spectra of gases; Eaton's direct prism for projection of
spectra; photographic apparatus; Morton's lantern with electric or oxyhydrogen light, etc.
IN ELEcTRiciTv: Plate electric machine (4o-inch plate), with large collection of accessory apparatus; electrophorus;
Holtz machine by Van~Brunt, with quadruple revolving plate, spark i4~ inches; Matteuci's apparatus for statical induced
currents; Ruhmkorff coil by Ritchie; sm-all induction coil by Ruhmkorff; Grove's battery, improved form, 40 cells; large
chromic-acid battery of 40 jars; small chromic-acid battery of 4 jars; a variety of Geisler and other tubes; Morse's regis
ter; magneto-electric machine; thermo-multiplier; astatic galvanometer; thermo-battery according to Farmer.
IN CHEMisTRY: Chemical balance by Becker & Sons; Hofmann's V-tube; Hofmann's apparatus for decomposing Wa
0 
VASSAR COLLEGE.                                        13
Room (D) is the Natural History laboratory, and Room (E) the recitation-room.*  The rest
of this corridor, to the north and to the south, is bordered by students' parlors and bedrooms-the
former indicated by Arabic numerals, from I to 22, and the latter by the letters a, b, and C, repeated.  The general arrangement throughout the building is to have one study-parlor for the common use of the occupants of three lodging-rooms connecting with it.  These apartments are situated along the whole outward side of the building, from the centre into the wings, and end at the
Professors' bouses (T T).  There are two Professors' houses in the extremity of each wing, occupying those portions of the building from the first to the fourth story.  The total number of
students' parlors is one hundred, and of bedrooms two hundred and forty-two.t
In the eastern part of the centre building, on this floor, is the servants' dining-hall (M), at the
end of which, and separated from~it by a small corridor, are a portion of the Steward's apartments
(I), the Kitchen (L),~ and Store-room (K).  Adjoining the sides of the Hall may be found the
Laundry (N), Mangle (0), Laundresses' Office (~), Drying-room (S), Ironing-rooms (R), and
Servants' Bedrooms (P).~  The Kitchen and Laundry are perfectly equipped with the most
recent materials and implements.
On the Second Story, or principal floor, is a vestibule (V), at the main er~ftance, twelve by
thirty feet in area, opening into the corridor (U), in front of a spacious double stairway and platform, which occupy an area twenty-eight feet in depth and thirty-eight feet in width.  This fine
stairway rises continuously from the first to the fourth story.  On either side of the vestibule are
ter; Hofmann's eucliometer; Hofmann's decomposing apparatus with carbon electrodes; Hofmann's apparatus to show
condensation of volumes in combination; cupel-furnace; Bunsen's blast-lamp; glass-blowers' table; electrotyping apparatus; sets of graduated measures on the metric system; photographic apparatus; specimens of the first daguerreotypes
taken in America, by Prof. S. F. B. Morse; specimens illustrating the. man~ifactu re of soap; specimens illustrating the manufacture of porcelain; specimens illustrating the manufacture of iron; specimens illustrating the fractional distillation of
petroleum.
* These rooms (D and E) have since been thrown together, and appropriated to the Department of Physiology and
Hygiene. They contain the Cabinet of Anatomy and Physiology, hereafter described. The Department of Natural History, with all its cabinets, has been transferred to the new Museum.  See page 23.
t Several additions and changes have been made. The whole number of living-rooms now occupied by the College
family, exclusive of servants' rooms, is as follows
Lady Principal's (parlor and bedroom),........    2
Resident Physician's"         "......,  2
Matron's           "         "........    2
Corridor Teachers' (large single rooms),........  9
Other Teachers' (smaller single rooms),........   14
Guest-Chambers (single rooms),.........  4
Students' Apartments
Study-Parlors,..........     77
Sleeping-Rooms,.........        218
Both combined,.......          37-332
395
++(I) and (L), with the corresponding rooms in the stories above, have been enlarged to twice their original dimensions, by extension of the building eastward.  See page 30.
~ Since the erection of a new Laundry (p. 30), (N) is the Servants' Hall, and all the other rooms here named are used
as servants' bedrooms, except the laundry-clerk's office (~). 
`4                                     VASSAk COLLEGL.
SECOND STORY:
two parlors, each pair being twenty-four by forty-six feet in area, and connected by sliding-doors.
When all of these are thrown back at one time, there is presented an open space twenty-four feet in
THE CENTRAL DOUBLE STAIRWAY.
width, and more than one hundred feet in length.  Those on the right of the Vestibule (M M)
are the President's Parlors; and those on the left (L L) are the College Parlors.  The President's house, including on this floor his parlors, and the adjoining rooms (N N), extends from
the first to the third story, inclusive.
Adjoining the College Parlors is the Physiological Lecture-room* (J), which is equipped for
*The Department of Physiology, as before stated, has, with its cabinet, been provided with more adequate accommodations on the first floor (D, E).
Room (J) is now fitted up, and appropriately furnished for a general Students' Parlor.  It is still used during the day 
VASSAR COLLEGE.                                    iS
instruction with skeletons of both sexes; a manikin, capable of complete dissection; dissectible
~a~ier mdc~c' models of the eye, ear, and other brgans; excellent dried preparations, showing the
distribution of nerves and blood-vessels; and a good collection of microscopic objects, to illustrate
the minute anatomy of various structures.
Crossing the corridor, we find four Recitation-rooms ~I, H, G, F),* two on each side of the
central stairway.  Passing through the door seen in the picture, beneath the landing of the stairway, you enter the great Dining-H all (0), the area of which is forty-five by ninety-four feet.t
The ceiling, like the rest of this and the next story, is thirteen feet above the floor, and is supported
by columns.
On the right of the entrance is the Messengers' room, in which is the principal clock of the
THIRD SToR~
College, and that by which its internal movements are regulated.  In it is also an annunciator, connected with various official apartments, for the summoning of messengers.  Distributed through this
and the other buildings are electro-magnetic bells; and in the Messengers' room is an instrument
for the simultaneous ringing of these bells, by which the prescribed signals are given to the
whole College at once for the successive duties of the day.
In the Dining-Hall four hundred persons may be seated at table.  Back of it is the Carving
as a class-room, by the Professor of the English Language and Literature; but, in the evening, it is a place of social
gathering and recreation for the College family, under the maternal supervision of the'Lady Principal.
* Room (F) is now the College Reading-room.  Besides the more important daily and weekly papers, it receives abou t
forty of the leading literary and scientific periodicals, American, English, French, and German.  Being handsomely and
conveniently fitted up. with carpet, tables, lounges, argand gas-burners, etc., it is an attractive place of resort.
t Now forty-five by one hundred and sixteen.  See the following note. 
i6                                     VASSAR COLLEGE.
room (P), equipped with steam apparatus for keeping everything for the table warm.  Next to it
is the dish-pantry (~).  On the opposite side of a back stairway is the silver and china room
(R).* The rooms S St are part of the Steward's house.  On this floor, also, extending north and
south from the central building, are students' parlors and bedrooms-the former' indicated by
numerals, from 23 to 44, and the latter by the letters a, b, and c; repeated.  T T denote Professors' houses.
Up the great stairway, on the Third Story, is the Chapel (R), directly over the Dining-Hall.  It
is of the same width as the latter, and is ninety-one feet in length, with a gallery.  At its entrance
are two cloak-rooms (S, S); and at the rear is a semicircular vaulted recess, in which are placed
the organ and seats in gallery form.  In front of these is a platform (with movable pulpit) for
religious, literary, and other exercises.  The Chapel is neatly furnished, with cushioned seats,
and carpeted aisle and platform; and six hundred persons may be comfortably seated in it.  In the
rear of the Chapel, and enclosing the semicircular recess, are  music-rooms, numbered from
I to 154
On one side of the central stairway is the sleeping-room of the Lady Principal (~6),~ and on
the other side, the apartment of the Matron (57).   In the same relative position- as on the floors
below, we find the students' parlors and bedrooms-the former numbering from 44 to 68, and the
latter indicated by the three letters a, b, and c.  The Professors' houses are also indicated by the
letter T.  Directly opposite the Chapel is the Library (P), thirty f)y thirty-five feet in area, and
containing at the present time a little over three thousand volumes.'\
Adjoining the Library, on one side, is the Lady Principal's office (0), and next to it is her
parlor.  On the other side are apartments (~ ~ ~), constituting the second story of the President's
house; and across the corridor, opposite, is his office (N).**  Adjoining the Lady Principal's Parlor
is the Cabinet of Natural History (L), and on the opposite side of the corridor is a Recitationroom (K).  The former contains a large and rapidly increasing collection.tt
* By the extension before mentioned, which doubled the areas (P) and (S S), other room was provided for these pantries and closets (~, R).  The partitions were therefore removed, and the Dining-Hall extended to the eastern wall.  Not
only was its area thereby generously enlarged, but its cheerfulness greatly increased by the light of five additional
windows.
f This space is enlarged to twice the size indicated on the plan, and differently divided..
t All the Music-rooms have been transferred to another building (see p. 3Q'; and these apartments (1 to 15) with the
corresponding ones on the floors above, enlarged by the extension before mentioned, furnish increased accommodations
for the Steward's family and the numerous servants in his department.
~ Now used as a College guest-chamber.  As its furniture was formerly in use in Mr. Vassar's private residence, and
as it contains other interesting personal mementos of the founder, it is known as the "Vassar Guest-chamber."
Now the President's office.
~r The Library, increased to more than ten thousand volumes, has been removed to a much larger room (p. 18, itole).
This room P known as the "Lecture-Room," is now employed for devotional meetings, lectures to combined classes,
and similar purposes.
** Now the President's Lecture-room, opening into his office (57).
tf This collection, with the other cabinets of Natural History, is removed to the new Museum, described on page 23,
seqq.; and Room L, now divided in two by a partition-wall, forms, on the south side of the wall, the Lady Principal's
private apartments, opening into her parlor (M), and, on the north side, a students' parlor and bedroom. 
VASSAR COLLEGE.                                        17
On the fourth story is the gallery of the Chapel (R), at the end of which are music-rooms.*
At the entrance to the gallery are two cloak~-ooms (S S); and on each side of the great stairway
is a recitation-room (0 and P).  Extending along the corridor each way, are students' paHors,
numbenng from 69 to 95, with bedrooms a, b, and c.  At the southeastern angle of this floor are
the Physician's room (U), the Infirmary (~), and Convalescents' room (V).  These are delight
THE ART GALLERY (Now THE LIBRARY).
fully situated, more than fifty feet from the ground, and overlook the most pleasing rural scenery.
The view on the east is terminated by high cultivated hills, and on the south by the blue line of the
* See note, p. i6. 
i8                                   VASSAR COLLEGE.
Fishkill Mountains, twenty miles distant.  These rooms are well lighted and venti~ated, and present in their internal aspect, and scenes from the windows, much to please the eye and cheer the
spirits of an invalid or convalescent.  On this floor, also, the Professors' houses are indicated by the
letters T T.
Opposite the gallery of the Chapel is the entrance to the Art Gallery.  This is a room thirty
feet in width and ninety-six feet in length, lighted from a dome in the centre that rises about forty
feet above the floor, a skylight in each wing, and windows along the western front of the College.
The walls are hung with pictures, adapted by their size and character to the purposes of instruction.~
Last is the attic floor.  Around the open court are baggage-rooms (C)  and to the westward
are students' apaftments, numbering from 96 to 100.  At the extremity of the long passage over the
Chapel, on the right, are V?cal Music rooms (E E), and on the left are Drawing Studios (D D).t
In each of the towers (F F), at the inner angle formed by the centre building and the wings, and
over this floor, is an immense water-tank, and three others are nearer the centre.  About twenty
* The art collection, having been removed to the new Gallery in the Museum (p. 24), will be described in connection
with that building.
This fine apartment (see cut on p. 17) is now assigned to the College Library, to whose uses it is admirably adapted.  It
already contains more than ten thousand carefully selected volumes, and by the addition of galleries can be fitted to receive as many more.  Spacious, airy, and beautifully lighted, it affords every convenience for ifs use by the students, to
whom it is open for free consultation nine hours of every day. There is a fund which yields upward of a thousand dollars
a year for the increase of the Library.
~ The Music and Drawing schools being now better provided for in the new Museum, this entire space (D D, E E),
enlarged as before stated, has been utilized, partly for additional students' rooms, and partly for bedrooms for the
Matron's servants. 
VASSAR COLLEGE.`9
thousand gallons of pure water are distributed through the building each day.  In the extremities
of the wings on this floor are students' rooms (G G).
In the two rooms marked A and B is the Cabinet of Geology, Mineralogy, and Lithology,
which presents one of the most complete and best arranged collections of rocks, minerals, and fossils
in the country.*
rt~ _- -~ -__  _
- - -            ~                                                            -A- -,-`~~` -`~`
TliE OBSERVATORY.
About eight hundred feet northeast of the College building, is the Observatory, already mentioned, standing on the summit of a knoll, at the eastern verge of the Campus.  Its foundations are
about ten feet above the general level of the plain, which is two hundred feet higher than the Hudson River.  The building consists, in altitude, of a basement, principal story, and dome; and in
area, of an octagonal centre and three wings.  In the diagram of the meridian section, A A indicate the terrace; B, the native rock; and C, the surface of the plain. - In the ground-plan, D indicates a stairway leading up to a flat roof; E, the Transit room; F, the Prime Veftical room;
the Clock and Chronograph room; H and K, the Clock and Chronograph piers; M, the Equato
ki
A
MERIDIAN SECTION.         GROUND-PLAN.
rial room; N, an open stone platform, and 0, a covered stone platform.  The wings are each
twenty-one by twenty-eight feet in extreme dimensions, making the entire length of the building
eighty-two feet.
The floor of the octagon is four and a half feet above the corresponding floors of the wings.
* This cabinet has also been placed in the Museum, and the space it occupied here finished off into handsome apartments for students. 
20                                          VASSAl? COLLEGE.
The vertex of the dome is thirty-eight feet above the foundation.  All the walls of the building are
of brick.  The piers for instruments are of stone, except those for the small collimating telescopes,
which are built of brick.  The dome is made to revolve by an arrangement of cast-iron pulleys, running on a circular track of iron.
The Astronomical Clock and the Chronograph were manufactured under the direction of William Bond & Son, of Boston.  The object-glass of the great Equatorial Telescope, twelve and one
third inches in diameter, from the establishment of Henry Fitz, of New-York, has been reground
by Alvan Clark, of Cambridgeport, and is of excellent definition.  The instrument is provided
with a Filar Micrometer, with accompanying clock~vork and the usual hour and declination circles.
The Transit and Meridian Circle has a telescope of such power that it has revealed the timestar delta Ursa, Minoris, of the fifth magnitude, at ten o'clock in the morning.
The Meridian Circle is from the manufactory of William J Young & Sons, of Philadelphia.
The telescope is five feet two inches in length  its object-glass three and three quarters inches in
diameter.  For the nicer adjustments of position, a collimating telescope is placed in the meridian
at the south, and' another, at the north, of the meridian instrument.
STEAM AND GAS HOUSE.
Southward Qf the Observatory, and three hundred and fifty feet east of the College building,
is the Steam and Gas house, seen a little in the distance in the picture of the Observatory on page
19.  Four boilers,* whose furnaces consume about sixteen hundred tons of coal in a year, send
steam sufficient through an iron main to give to all the buildings (except the Observatory) a temperature not lower than sixty-five degrees Fahrenheit.  In a similar manner, gas, from six retorts,
is distributed through the various buildings.
TENEME                     __  SHED                                HAV~LOFT.MU&I1c
}~~A\(~LoFT CARRl~QLHOUSE                     TE NEMEMT.                   HALL
--                                                    ~     C
C    ~
(4    -
-     C,
S~MMASIUM.   AkEk\A          STAG~                    UPPER PART UPPER PART or
SV~SJUM.     ARENA
o     ~0
~OCtErV~
~ALL.'
I
~YW\NASI UM                     ~[RST FLOOR         GYM~ASIUM                       SE COND~FLOB~
* A fifth boiler has been added, of larger size, and set apart from the others. This serves as a relay in emergencies,
and in the hot season may perform the entire service required. 
VASSAR COLLECE.                                    21
GYMNASIUM.
The Gymnasium, still further to the south, contains rooms for a Riding-School, Calisthenic
Hall and Bowling-Alley; a Society Hall, Music-rooms, and apartments for employees.  The centre building is occupied by the arena of the Riding-School, which is sixty by one hundred and
twenty feet in area and forty-six feet in height.  Its stables are in the rear, and on a lower level.
The Calisthenic Hall, thirty feet in width and eighty in length, is in the north wing, front, and is
fully equipped with the implements used in the system of Dr. Dio Lewis.  The Society Hall is on
the principal floor of the south wing.  Over it are twenty small rooms for musical instruction; and
under it, in a basement story, on a level with the stables, is the Bowling-Alley.  The remainder of
the building is finished as tenement-houses for employees and their families.*
OTHER BUIL~INGS.
Almost a thousand feet west of the College building, on the public road that separates the
campus from the vegetable-garden, is the Gate-lodge.  Its size is twenty-three by fifty-five feet,
GATEWAY AND PORTER'S LODGE.
with a carriage-way of twenty-four feet.  It includes a dwelling on each side, and is built in the
same general style as the College edifice.
MILL ~ov~ LAKE IN SUMMER.
*This building (now called the Museum) has undergone an almost entire transformation, the Calisthenic Hall and the
Bowling~~lley alone remaining unchanged. The character of the alteration is fully explained hereafter, p. 23. 
22                                 VASSAl? COLLEGE.
Mill Cove Lake is a beautiful sheet of water on the College grounds, used by the students in
summer for rowing, and in winter for skating.  The bank on either side is a steep slope; that on
the west is covered for a quarter of a mile with forest-trees of native growth.  It is without an inlet, being fed entirely by springs; but its outlet, a rushing brook with a fall of fifteen feet, supplies
the force which sends twenty thousand gallons of pure water every day to the great tanks in the
attic of the College edifice, and a sufficiency for use in th~ other buildings on the grounds.  The
water passes from copious springs, distinct from the lake, along an iron pipe into two immense
filters, through which it percolates rapidly into a receiver.  From this it is pumped through pipes,
in a continually ascending strea  about twenty-three hundred feet, and then into. the tanks at the
m     -       -
- M~YD~%~-~~~-~~~ — ~ — —
THE PUMP-HOUSE AND ICE-HOUSE.
top of the College building.  Near the Pump-house is the Ice-house, which is filled from the lake.
A little distance from it are the farmer's house and the farm-stables.
ADDITIONS AND IMPROVEMENTS.
The most important of the changes made in the buildings and grounds of the College since
its opening in 1865, and briefly referred to in the preceding note will now be described.
~~~)i~~'s;{{.i~~:#~s;wwy;;c~~.~~{;,{
THE MUSEUM (FORMERLY THE GYMNASIUM).
MUSEUM.
- The experience of eight years having satisfied the Trustees that the Riding-School could not
be made for the students generally an economical and efficacious means, either of exercise or of in 
VASSAR COLLEGE.                                                  23
struction, it was determined to discontinue that school, and to utilize for other much-needed purposes the large portion of the Gymnasium which it occupied.  In the summer of 1874, therefore,
the building (now known as the Museum) was altered, at an expense of twenty-seven thousand
dollars, and put into complete order for the Departments of Natural History, Drawing, and Music,
with their valuable collections and necessary lecture-rooms, laboratories, and studios.  The accompanying plans show the present arrangement, as compared with the original arrangement, page 20.
--                  STUDIO. STUDIO  M~U$S  I C     RIO OlM S.
CORRIDO~                                                CORRIDOR
__________                                         RR~AR ROOM.
MUSIC ~o~M                               Aflr~6ALLERY.   STAOE.
A~T. GALLERY     0FTH~                                   SKY~L~GRT.
PROFESSOR                            ~
OALLERY..
____        LABRAT0~V                UPPER PART OF
I'                                       OVMNASIUM..~..... m   ~SOCIETY
HALL.
MU~EUM~       ~                                    q,`MUSEUM
0 F         LECTURE~OOM                                  LI~HrI
r',SK~
,fFmFORM           L\\IST~', ~
`UCiURA
-        I                     -
MUSEUM                            FiR5TELOOR             MUSEUM                           SECON[) FLBUB
CABINETS OF NATURAL HISTORY.
The Riding-Arena was divided into two spacious halls, the larger of which, seventy-eight feet
by fifty-four, is appropriated to all the collections connected with the Department of Natural History.  Taken as a whole, it is believed that these cabinets are hardly surpassed, for purely educational uses, by those of any college in the country.  In their new hall, they are most conveniently
arranged for free and ready reference.
The Cabinet of Minerals, Rocks, and Fossils is especially remarkable for completeness and
symmetry, numbering more than ten thousand specimens, besides models, restorations, relief-maps,
sections, landscapes, etc.  The minerals are over four thousand in number, all carefully selected for
their educational value, each class ~ving its proportionate representation, and no more.  Both the
crystallized and amorphous conditions of the mineral are represented. Every specimen is separately
mounted, with the name and locality distinctly inscribed.  There are also series of models in wood
and in glass for illustrating crystallography, a series exhibiting the physical characteristics of minerals, and a duplicate series of specimens for manual use.  The lithological collection embraces all
the important rocks, from granite to peat, about seven hundred in number; the pal~ontological
contains nearly five thousand fossils from the standard localities of Europe and America.  The
specimens in both are mounted and labelled as in the Mineral Cabinet, and in the latter the same
care is taken to secure a complete and well-propoftioned representation of the different geological
formations. 
24                                 MSSA1? COLLEGE.
The Cabinet of Zoo~logy illustrates all the sub-kingdoms, comprising about five hundred mammals, birds, and reptiles from South America; representative vertebrates from our own country;
a collection of insects; a choice collection of shells and of corals, and other radiates; a fine osteological series, and some of Auzoux's clastic anatomical models for illustrating structural and comparative zo6logy.  The Cabinet is especially rich in ornithology, as it includes the Giraud collection
of North-American birds, well known as one of the most valuable in the United States.  It contains about one thousand specimens, all mounted, representing over seven hundred species, among
which are several type specimens and many of historical interest as the originals of Audubon's
drawings.  The representation of South-American birds, though not so complete, is rich, embracing
probably the largest series of humming-birds in any college museum.
The Herbarium consists mainly of plants from New-York and New-England, arranged on a
unique plan for convenient reference.
A Cabinet of Arch~ology and Ethnology has recently been commenced, including thus far for
the most part South-American antiquities, collected by Professor Orton.
The Cabinet of Zoo~logy covers the entire floor of the hall, and its walls beneath the gallery;
that of Mineralogy and Geology fills the gallery; the Herbarium and the Arch~olo#cal collection
occupy smaller rooms (A B), in~ the towers, opening out of the gallery.  The whole is beautifully
lighted by skylights and the large western windows.  The Lecture-room and Laboratory of the
Department are in the south wing of the building, in convenient proximity to the Cabinets.
ART GALLERY.
To the east of this hall, and occupying the rest of the old Riding-Arena, is the new Art Gallery, fifty-six feet in length by thirty-seven in width.
The original art collection was purchased by Mr. Vassar in I 864-65, just before the College
opened, from Rev. Elias L. Magoon, D.D., then of Albany, N. Y., for hventy thousand dollars, and
presented to the College as a supplementary gift.  It comprised more than four hundred pictures,
mostly of cabinet size, in oils and water-colors, representing many of the best known contemporary
artists, American and English.  A large number of the oil-paintings are sketches and studies, illustrating, sometimes more perfectly than the finished picture would, the characteristics of the artist
and peculiarly well adapted therefore for the purposes of instruction.  Among the water-color
pictures are four original sketches by Turner (Nos. ~~~-~~5); and a glance at the catalogue will
show mai~iy of the most distinguished names that adorned the early history of the fine English
school of water-color.  The pictures were accompanied by a library of nearly a thousand volumes,
very many of them either illustrated or relating to ~sthetic subjects.  These have been transferred
to the College Library, except such as properly belong to the Gallery, being themselves works of
art.  Among the latter are numerous bound folios, containing many hundred original water-color
sketches, pencil-drawings, and engravings, many of which are by eminent artists.  The collection is
particularly rich in architectural drawings, illustrative of church and cathedral structure and decoration in Great Britain and on the Continent.  Many of these were c6ntnbuted by the veteran antiquary and book4llustrator, John Britton.  Among the "elephant folios" are the Muse'e Royale and
the Muse1e Fran~aise; engravings and descriptions of the pictures, statues, bas-reliefs, and cameos in
the gallery of the Pitti Palace, in Florence; illuminated books of the middle ages; Carter's Ancient 
VASSAR COLLEGE.                                    25
Sculpture and Painting in England; Coitman's Architectural Antiquities of Normandy; Britton's
Exeter Cathedral, in which are bound up the original drawings by Wyatt, from which all the
engravings of the work were made; Knight's Ecclesiastical Architecture of Italy; Royal Gallery of
British Art; Gallery of Vienna; Gallery of the Duke of Orleans, and many others of value.  The
collection contained also a few specimens of ancient armor and other curiosities of art, one
of the most interesting of which is an electrotype copy of a silver dish, now in the possession of the
German Emperor.  It represents a battle of the Amazons in low relief, and is in the style of Benvenuto Cellini.
; }~y?~ ~~-A~
~                           ~`-~
BATTLE OF THE AMAZONS.
The following is a catalogue of the pictures:
OIL PAINTINGS.
~The Wreck Ashore. H. Bacon.                             14 Assumption of the virgin.
2 A western Hunter.  J. Crawford Thorn.                   15 Summer in South.Amenca. F. B. Church.
3 Landscape.  W. H. Oddie.                                i6 AfternooA near Lake George.  J. W Casilear.
4 The Upper Meadows, North Conway.  Hubbard.              17 Chocorua Lake and Mountain.  A. D. Shattuck.
5 "Behold the Man."                                       i8 Morning over New-York.  C. H. Afoore.
6 A Lesson for the Lazy.  W. H Beard.`9 Glamis Castle.  William Hart.
7 Meadows and Mountains at Bethel.`S. W. Cri~gs.         20 Dessert Delicacies.  B. Collins.
8 The Duck-Shooter.  W. Bonney.                           21 Interior of St. Germain des Pres, Paris.  Duval.
9 Sunset at Lancaster, N. H.  A. B. Shattuck.             22 Caught in the Act. T. H. Matteson.
`0 Ticonderoga in Winter.  T. L. S'nit/z.                  23 M. Angelo and his Masterpieces. J. W. Bhninger.
Ii Sunrise on the Bernese Alps.  S. B. Czfford~            24 Through the Woods.  A. B. Durand.
12 Nantasket Beach.  W. H. Cay.                            25 "Where the streamlet sings in rural joy."  A. B. Durand.
13 Don Quixote's Attack on the Windmills.   J. Crawford    26 Down the Hudson to West Point. C. H. Moor".
Thorn.                                               I 27 The Culprit Fay.  CeorgeBoughton. 
26                                  VASSAR COLLEGE.
28 Turkish Interior.  Diaz.                                    Si The Saco at Noith~Conway, and Mount Kearsarge.  William
29 The Baron's Tomb.  Muller                                        Hart.
30 Sacred Song.  J,ouis Lang.                                  82 The Upper Hudson.  Thomas Doughty.
3' Evening at P~stum. J. F. Cropsc~.                           83 A Winter View from Newburgh.  L. )?. Mignot.
32 The Wild New-England Shore.  William Hart.                  84 Scenery in Savoy.  WaIclet.
33 The Wreath of Nature.  W F. Bicharas.                       85 Washington at Mount Vernon.  Alonzo Cha~pel.
34 Nature's Nook. James Hart.                                  86 Death of Copernicus.  C. H. Hall.
35 Home Again from a Foreign Shore.  Cignoux.                I 87 Exceeding Rich and Precious Promises.  C. H. HaII~
36 Berkeley Rock at Newport. J. F. Kenselt.                    88 Meadows and Wild Flowers at Conway.  S. Colman.
37 Autumn in North-America.  F. E. Church.                     89 Dolly Neglected.  W. J. Hennessy.
38 Birds in the Bushes.  A. F. Tail.                           90 The Young Devotee.  L'Enfantde Mets.
39 Tuckerman's Ravine.  S. Colman.                             91 Tit for Tat.  Duve~ger.
40 Morning on the Coast of Sicily.  J. F. Cro~sey.             92 The Summer Rose.  C. A. Baker.
41 Evening in Vermont. F. E. Church.                           93 The Adventure.  W. S. Mount.
42 Robinson Praying for the Pilgrims about to Embark for Hol-  94 Falstaff  C. L. Elliott.
land.  Edwin White.                                        95 The Sibyl.  D. Huntington.
43 Ripley Falls.  B. Champney.                                 96 "The moonshine stealing o'er the scene
44 Cellini in his Studio.  Andrier.                                 Hath blended with the light of eve
45 De&r in a Dell.  A. F. Tail.                                     And she was there, my hope, my joy,
-`           46 View from Lead~Mine Bridge.  William Hart.                          My own dear Genevieve." J. F. CroAsey.
47 The Old Elm by the River-Side.  A. J. Bellows.              97 Dead Christ. M Atophe.
48 Sunset in Italy, with Vesper Procession.  B. Johnson.       98 Beggar-Girl in Rome.  Edwin White.
49 "Roslyn"-Bryant's Residence.  T. Addison i?ichards.         99 Night over New-York.  Alexanaer Wust.
50 "Sunnyside"-Irving's Home.  T. Addison Ficharas.            100 Lesson of Prayer.  HenryPeters~Gray.
51 Sketch of Madonna and Child.  Bembranat Lockwood.           101 Market Scene in New-York.  J?. Gignoux.
52 The Insh Shepherd.  George Moreiand~                        102 Noon in Midsummer.  J. McEntee.
53 The Miser.  kembranat Lockwood.                             103 The Coming Snow.  J. McEntee.
54 Group from the Village Festival.  Si David Wilkie.          104 Artist Brook, North Conway.  S. Colman.
55 Near Swallows' Cave, Nahant.  S. W. Grig~s.                 105 The Shrine of Shakespeare.  S. B. Gifford.
~6 Chief-Justice Marshall.  B. Martin.                         io6 Old Guard.  Mrs. Lily Spencer.
57 Thetis bringing Artnor to Achilles.  Benjamin West.         107 Warwick Castle and River Avon.  B. W. Nichols.
58 Rainy Day near West Point.  George Bough ton.               io8 Sibyl.  After Domenichino.
59 Interior of a Barn.  Marcus Waterman.                       109 Spring at Great Barrington.  H. A. Ferguson.
6o Afternoon on the Androscoggin.  Heney A. Ferguson.          110 Summer in North Conway.  H. A. Ferguson.
6i The Upper Connecticut.  A. D. Shattuck.                     iii Autumn at Lake George.  H. A. Fer~uson.
62 Crystal Cascade.  Homer Martin.                             112 Winter near Albany.  H. A. Ferguson.
63 Cherry Mountain and Franconia Range.  S. L. Gerry.          113 Lamentation over Jerusalem.  Begas.
64 Glen Ellis Fall.  Homer Martin.                             114 The Spanish Devotee.  Creene.
65 The Lover of Pictures. J. Crawford Thom.                    115 The Jewess.  B. Dodge.
66 Autumnal Eve at Valombrosa.  Thomas Cole.                   ii6 Narragansett Coast.  Marcus Waterman.
67 Count Ugolino and Family in the Dungeon of Starvation.      117 Flower-Girl at the Church-Door.  Achenbach.
A lonso Chappel.                                          ii8 The Old Man's Lesson.  Thomas Hicks.
68 Mounts Madison and Adams, from Milan.  Alexander Wust.      119 Talk Beach, near Cohasset.  W. Gay.
69 The Upper Palisade.  C. H. Moore.                           120 Lake Maggiore.  S. B. Giffbrd.
70 The Visitation (Luke I: 39-56).  After Baphael and Del Pi- 121 Old Cottage near Shakespeare's Birthplace. J. M. Falconer.
ombo.                                                     122 The Roman Campagna.  S. B. Gifford.
71 Amiens Cathedral.  Gennisson.                               123 Sunset at Bethel, Maine.  A. B. Shattuck.
72 Edward Everett. J. H. Young.                                124 Down the Willey Pass.  S. Coin~an.
73 Lake Winnipiseogee.  Alexander Wust.                        125 The Franconia Notch and Mount Lafayette.  A. J. Bellows.
74 The Catskills in Spring.  C. H. Moore.                      126 Sunset in Western Virginia.  W. L. Sontag.
-75 Meditation. B. W. Weir.                                    127 The American Monk.  Bembrandt Lockwood.
76 Don Quixote in his Study. F. M. Johnson.                    128 Noon near the Lake.  Ceorge Inness.
77 The White Mountains, from Shelburne.  S. L. Gerry.          129 Summer Twilight on the Catskills.  Jamieson.
78 Sunset on Mole Mountain.  A. B. Shattuck.                   130 Cape Blow-me-down, Canada.  Le Grand.
79 Autumnal Snow on Mount Washington.  A. B. Shattuck.         131 Evening in the Meadows.  George Inness.
8o Winter Lingering in the Lap of Spring.  B. Champney.        132 Head of the River.  Alexander Wust.
133 Evening on the Mystic.  J. Henry Hill. 
VASSAR COLLEGE.                              27
PICTURES IN WATER-COLOR, AND PENCIL-DRAWINGS.
134 On the Seine.  Chirardi.                               194 Beaver Brook, White Mountains.  Homer Afartin.
135 The Upper Rhine.  Louis Thomas.                       195 Round Tower in Sussex.  Samuel Trout.
136 French Cavalry.  Thos. Fort.                          196 Kitchen, Netley Abbey.  H Tyne.
137 The Diligence.  Thos. Fort.                           197 Playing Marbles.  Lysor.
138 Bridge over the Rhorie.  BeUzune.                     198 Twilight on the Upper Seine.  Madame Michelet.
139 La Grandmere.                                          199 Apple-Tree Branch.  fauline Allain.
140 York Cathedral.  W. Richardson.            -          200 Rheinstein, on the Rhine.  Le Keux.
141 Flamboyant Church.  Croyaon.                          201 Chapel of Henry the Seventh.  John Nash.
142 Manor House, York.  Richarason.                       202 Sabrina Disenchanted.  Fichard Westall.
143 The Truant.  Taylor.                                  203 Westminster Hall.  John A~sh.
144 The Observatory, Oxford.  William Westall.             204 A Spanish Ruin.  Le Saint.
145 Trinity Library, Cambridge.  Westall.                 205 Wife of Andrea del Sarto.
146 Jesus College, Cambndge.  Westall.                    206 Salisbury Pl&in, with Stonehenge.  Le Keux.
147 Marine.  Unknown.                                      207 The Vesper Bell.  Barrett.
148 Kitchen, Christ Church College, Oxford. A. Tugin.      208 The Sacristan.  John Gilbert.
149 Chapel of Magdalen College, Cambridge.  Fugin.         209 Marine View.  Chambers.
150 Caius College, Cambridge.  Fugin.                      210 Ruins in Auvergne, France.  J. D. Harding.
151 The Sinner and the Saviour.  West.                     211 Coronation of Charles VII., in Rheims Cathedral.  J. B.
152 Crypt of St Peter's, Oxford.  F. Mackenzie.                  Buckley.
153 Court of Emanuel College, Cambridge.  Fugin.          212 Morning on the Lower Thames.  Melville. -
154 St. Peter's College, Cambridge.  W. Westall.           213 The Offering.  Coke S'nyth.
155 Emanuel College, Cambridge.  W. Westall.       -      214 Coningsbury Park.  Fyne.
156 St. Paul's School, London.  Mackenzie.                 215 Haddon Hall. H~~ai~~
157 Caius College, Cambridge.  Fugk                       216 Interior of Salisbury Cathedral.  Mackenzze.
158 Chapel of Emanuel College, Cambridge.  Fugin.          217 Italian Ruins.  Earp.
159 Worcester College, Oxford.  John H Le Keux.            218 Lady Chapel, Salisbury Cathedral.  Cattermole.
i6o Dining-Hall, King's College, Cambridge. Fugin.         219 Landscape View in France. After Turner.
161 Chapel of Clare Hall, Cambridge.  Mackenzie.           220 Old World Homes.  C. Mozin.
162 Wradesbury Mill.  Le Keux.                             221 Market-House near Windsor Castle.  Thomas Allon.
163 St. John's College, Oxford.  Fug~n.                    222 Morning on the Thames.  J. Varley.
-164 Library and Senate House, Cambridge. Mackenzie.       223 Blue-eyed Mary.  Bouvier.
165 Buildwey Abbey. B. Dayes.                              224 Dust Ho!  Cavarni.
166 St. John's Tower, Chester.  Le Keux.                   225 Fight for the Prey.  Nestfteld.
167 Pen-and-ink Sketch.  Col. ~ohn Trumbull.               226 Cheddar Cliffs.  J. Jackson.
168 East End of Winchester Cathedral.  Mackenzie.       -  227 Ruined Abbey.  Hoffman.
169 Salisbury Cross.  Cirtin and Turncr.                   228 Ripon Cathedral.  Le Keux.
170 Conway.  H. Fyne.                                      229 River of Romance.  Jules Nefo.
171 Door to Cloisters, York.  Ficharason.                  230 The Beacon Church.  Clarkson Stanfietd.
172 Evening, and Becalmed Ship.  W. C. Knell.              231 The Monk amid Ruins.  Fleury.
173 From Poets' Corner, Westminster Abbey.  John Nash.     232 Norman Tower and Terrace. Hubert.
- 174 Norman Door, St. Peter's, Oxford.  F. Alexancler.     233 Upton Church, near Windsor Castle.  Le Keux.
175 A Persian Ruin.  Dibdin.                               234 Juliet and Nurse.  Henry Warren.
176 Egyptian Dancing Girls.  F. C. F"ench.                 235 The Four Elements.  Henry Corbould.
177 Afloat.  Knell.                                        236 Spring, Woods, and Wild Flowers.  Davidson.
178 French Peasants at a Fountain.  Teichet.               237 Two Gentlemen of Verona.  Wrzght.
179 Bangor Abbey, North Wales.  J. Webber.                 238 Take Care!  Haverhie.
180 Norman Church. B. Clay.                                239 Cassonburg.  William Hunt.
181 Chapel of Jesus College. Cambridge.  Fugin.            240 Soane's Museum, London.  Fenry Williams.
182 Hall of Hurstmonceau.  S. S. Dod.                      241 Hay Harvest.  J. H. Mole.
183 The Wreck.  Knell.                                   - 242 Wayside Chapel in Normandy.  C. Hess.
184 Eagle Tower, Carnarvon Castle.  Le Keux.               243 Sketch on the Medway.  Stanfteld.
185 Haddon Hall.  J. Lewis.                                244 Oriental Lady.  John Lewis.
186 The Scholar and Soldier.  Ceor,~ Cattermole.           245 Original Chalk Study.  Sir David Wilkie.
187 Tivoli, Italy.  W. H. Burnett.                         246 Monastery of St. John at Ephesus.  Brokenden.
188 Old House, York.  Richardson.                          247 Coast of Arran, Scotland.  Houston.
189 Six English Cathedrals.  Austin and Williams.          248 Jealousy.  Beaume.
190 Thatched Cottage in France. A. 0.                      249 Greek Brigands.  Sir Charles Eastlake.
191 Scene from Sheridan.  Wright.                          250 Interior of York Castle.  W. H. Bartlett.
192 The Ghost Story.  Alonzo Chap~el.                      251 View of Salisbury.  Bartlett and Fyne.
-193 Sketch in Spain.  David Eoberzs.                      252 Crossing the Brook.  Beaubeu~ 
28                               VASSAR COLLEGE.
253 River-Side in France.  Anastasi.                         315 The Village Aristocrat.  Tigal.
254 View of Norwood.  Pyne.                                  316 St. Martin dividing his Cloak with the Beggars. After
255 Decline of Day in Italy.  Charles Vacher                      kubens and Vandyke, by West.
256 Regent's Park, London.  Baqlett.                         317 Saumur, on the Loire.  Eugene Soulez.
257 Celtic Monuments in France.  Bourgeois.                  318 Exeter Cathedral.  J. Buckler.
258 Church at Harfleur, on the Seine.  Marson.               319 An Old Buck and Companion.  T. S. Cooper.
259 Ely Cathedral.  Clennell.                                320 Merton College, Oxford.  N. A. Delamotte.
260 Twilight.  J. Salmon.                                    321 St. Mary's Abbey, York.  Bicharason.
261 Sunset.  J. Salmon.                                      322 King's College, Cambridge.  Machensie.
262 Noon. J. Salmon.                                         323 Therborne, Dorset.  Le Keux.
263 Forenoon. J. Salmon.                                     324 Exeter College, Oxford.  Detamotte.
264 Morning. J. Salmon.                                      325 Beleuzona, Italy. J. Eden.
265 St. Peter's at Caen, Normandy.  Charles Vacher.          326 Mel rose Cross.  Turner.
266 Nevill's Court, Trinity College, Cambridge.  Buckler.    327 Interior of Oxford Cathedral.  Delamotte.
267 Scene in Holland.  Neusen.                               328 Kenilworth Castle.  Archer.
268 St. Peter's and the Vatican, Rome.  Ami4.                329 Depedene Park, Surrey.  Bartlett.
269 Ruined Castle.  Dewint.                                  330 Crypt of Holy Trinity, Caen. J. S. Cotman.
270 Summer Shower.  Ma~ieston.                               331 Merton Library, Oxford.  DetamoMe.
271 Old Houses in Bristol.  Hardwick.                        332 George IV. Dining his Court in the Chinese Pavilion at
272 Adoration of Shepherds.                                       Brighton.
273 The Pantheon, Rome.  Am~ct.                              333 Botanic Garden, Oxford.  Delamotte.
274 Church at Rouen.  H. Jenkins.                            334 St. John's College, Oxford.  Delamotte.
275 St. Mark's, Venice.  Samuel Prout.                       335 Rouveredo, Italy. J. Eden.
276 Venice, seen from the Grand Canal.  Wiltiam Wyld         336 University Boat-Race on the Isis Oxford. Delamotte.
277 The Open Sea.  J. Salmon.                                337 Nash's Castle, Isle of Wight.  W. Daniels.
278 Hall at Knowle, Kent.  J. Nash.                          338 Walraken Church, Norfolk.  Cattermole.
279 Holy Family. John Absolon.                               339 Cloisters at Townloins.  Bagster.
280 Aspiration.  Gavarni.                                    340 Conway Castle.  Pyne.
281 Old Greenwich.  J. Salmon.                               34' Bust of Henry Clay.  Hart.
282 Norman Tower and Mill, Oxford.  Le Keux.                 342 St. Mary's, Cambridge.  Mackenzie.
283 Eton College.  Le Keux.                                  343 Depedene, Surrey.  Bartlett.
284 Chivalry.  Louis David.                                  344 Library of Merton College, Oxford.  Pugin.
285 Classic Ruin by Moonlight.  F. 0. Finch.                 345 Rugby School.  Fugin.
286 Netley Abbey by Torchlight. J. E. Buckley.               346 Winchester School.  Fugin.
287 Fortitude.  Eugene Delacroix.                            347 Pembroke College, Oxford.  Le Keux.
288 Deer in Devonshire Park.  C. Pearson.                    348 Cloisters, Eton College. Pugin.
289 Sea-Shore and Monastic Ruins.  Salmon.                   349 Dining-Hall, Trinity College, Cambridge.  Mackenzie.
290 Sterling Castle, and the Field of Bannockburn.  Houston. 350 St. John's College, Cambridge.  Mackenzie.
29t The Church at Stoke, near Windsor.  Croydon.             351 Interior of St. Mary's, Cambridge.  Mackenzie.
292 Berne, Switzerland. J. M. W. Turner.                     352 Westminster School.  Pugin.
293 Bacharach, on the Rhine.  Turner.                        353 Baliol College Chapel, Oxford.  Le Keux.
294 Pass of St. Bernard.  Turner.                            354 Canons Ashby.  C. Shepherd.
295 Sandy Knowe and Smailholm Tower.  Turner.                355 Cloister ol Chester Cathedral.  Le Keux.
296 Tomb of Henry III., Westminster Abbey. Scandrett.        356 Twilight on Lake and Ruin.  1?obertson.
297 Reading the Legend.  Karl Hartmann.                      357 St. Paul's, London.  Thoi.~son.
298 Cadir Iris and Snowdon, North Wales.  Copley Fieidin~.   358 Chepstow Castle.  Webber
299 Ruined Castle above Baden-Baden.  Wyta'.                 359 Druidical Remains.  Bartlett.
300 C~sar's Tower, Essex.  George Tripp.                     360 Bust of Daniel Webster.  C'evan~er.
301 Interior of St. Mark's, Venice.  Lake Price.             361 Corsham House.  Prout and Fepton.
302 Sketch of Church and Bay at Naples.  John Buskin.        362 Trafalgar Monument, London. J. B Thompson.
303 Lucerne, Switzerland.  T. Bicharason.                    363 Winchester Cathedral.  Mackenzie.
304 Tower Hill, London.  Le Keux.                            364 Sir Walter Scott's Monument.  Chercher.
305 Bay Window.  Prout.                                      365 Capitals in Salisbury Cathedral.  Mackenzie.
306 St. Stephen's Church, London.  Fugin.                    366 Norman Church Architecture.  Louis Thomas.
307 Coronation of William IV., in Westminster Abbey.  David  367 Norman Domestic Architecture.  Louis Thomas.
Boberts.                                               368 Abbey on the Loire.  Cobeaud.
308 ~hristmas.  John Martin.                                 369 Battle of Marengo.  Fosbry.
309 Joan of Arc in Prison at Rouen. J. E. Buckley.           370 French Landscape.  Gobeaud.
310 The End.  Ilerring.                                      371 The Model Asleep.  Millais.
311 Ducks and Flowers.  Wiegal.                              372 Head of Maclise.  Hennessy.
312 Game Fowls.  Wiegal.                                     373 White Mountain Range from Jefferson Hill.  William Hart.
313 Italian Landscape.  Leitch.                              374 Moonlight on Mount Carter, Gorham.  Hart.
314 Loch Katrine.  Bowbotham.                                375 Cartoon for a Votive Picture.  Victor Orsel. 
VASSAR COLLEGE.                                          29
376 Winged Head.  Orsel.                                 382 View from Milan, above the Bridge.  Irart.
377 Peace.  William Etty.                           383      Turner's Autograph.
378 War.  Etty.                                          384 Death of Abel.
379 View down the Androscoggin, from Milan Bridge.  Ha4. 385 The Battle of the Amazons.  Bronze.
380 Lower Berlin Falls. ij0q                             386 Ancient Arms and Armor.
381 White Mountains from Shelburne.  IlarA               387 Welsh Women returning from Market.  David Cox.
COPIES.
388 St. Peter's and the Vatican.                    404      The Good and the Bad.  After Orsel.
389 The Pantheon at Rome.                           405      Glasgow Cathedral. After David Roberts.
390 Niagara.                                        406      Interior of Milan Cathedral. After~?rout.
39' Cologne from the Rhine.                         407      Exterior of Milan Cathedral.  The same.
392 Edge of the Wood.                               408      Midnight Mass. After LIaghe.
393 English Landscape.  After Muller.               409      View from St. Elmo Castle, Naples.
394 The Mountain Stream.                                 410 Interior of the Tribune, Florence.
395 Eton~College. After Ludlow.                     4"       Salisbury. Cathedral.
396 Court of Eton College.  The same.                    412 Durham Cathedral.
397 Windsor Castle from the Great Park.  After Pyne.     413 The Meeting of Raphael and Michael Angelo. After Irorace
398 Windsor Castle.  The same.                                 Verne A
399 Sappho.                                              4r4 Winchester Cathedral.
400 St. Peter's and Vatican.  Photograph.                415 Incredulity of St. Thomas.  Copied by Miss Church from
401 The Colosseum, Rome.  Photograph.                          Guercino.                      -- -   -
402 The Roman Forum.  Photograph.                        416 The Blessed Mother.  After Dolce, by the same
403 Fine Line Engraving of Oxford. After Turner.         417 La Vierge de Foligno. After Raphaet, by the same.
Some valuable additions have since been made to the Gallery.  The first Was a choice collection of plaster Casts (from the celebrated house of Antonio Vanni, in Frankfort) of some of the
masterpieces of ancient and modern sculpture.  These include full-sized copies of the Venus of
Milo, Venus of Medici, Apollo Belvidere, Juno Ludovici, Jupiter Otricoli, Head of Medusa, Clytia,
Cupid stretching his Bow; busts of Niobe, Pallas Velletris, and the young Augustus; four panels of
Ghiberti's Doors; Thorwaldsen's Night and Winter, and reduced copies (by Colla's process) of the
Jason, the Discobolus by Naucydes, the Boy and Goose, and the Apollino.  There is also a good
collection of busts, torsos, limbs and extremities, architectural ornaments, etc., for ordinary use in
the Studio.
The most recent addition to the Gallery is a collection of about twelve hundred photographs
(mostly autotypes from the establishment of Ad~olph Braun, of Dornach) of the great works of
painting, sculpture, and architecture, both ancient and modern.  These are accompanied by numerous lithographs, canvas prints, and large engravings, of the same general character, forming a full
course of illustrations for the history and theory of these arts.  The whole number of subjects is
about two thousand.  The departments of painting and sculpture are especially complete, almost all
the great masters and schools being represented by carefully selected and characteristic specimens. *
Among other art possessions of the College worthy of special mention are a full-length portrait
of the Founder, by Charles Elliott; a portrait of the late Hon. William Kelly, first chairman of the
Board of Trustees, by Huntington; a fine crayon portrait (full length) of- the late Hon. James
*The following are the schools represented in this collection
Ancient.-Egyptian, Assyrian, Persian, and Indian, Classic (Greek, Etruscan, and Roman).
Medi~val.-Early Chnstian Byzantine, Mohammedan, Romanesque, and Gothic.
Transitional Period to the Renaissance, fully illustrated.
Modern.-Florentine, Roman, Venetian, Bolognese, Flemish, Dutch, French, German, Spanish, and English.
Contem~oraneous.-Many examples. 
30                                  VASSAl?' COLLEGE.
Harper, a member of the original Board, by J. Ludovici, and a marble bust of the Founder, by
Mrs. L. S. Hofmann.
MATTHEW VASSAR.
The new Gallery is finely lighted from above.  The pictures and statuary have lost nothing by
their removal from the beautiful apartment they formerly occupied in the main edifice; while the
Library, which has taken their place in that apartment, has gained immeasurably.
The Studio, or Drawing-School, and the Professor's Room, are near the Art Gallery, on the
second floor.
MUSIC ROOMS.
The space formerly occupied by the hay-loft of the Riding-School was floored in two stories
and handsomely finished into thirty rooms for musical instruction and practice.  These are arranged
in each story along a corridor seven and a half feet wide.  Adjoining those on the first floor is the
room of the Professor of Music.
SOCIETY HALL.
Occupying the entire second story of the south wing is a handsome hall, seventy-four feet in
length by twenty-nine in width, for the public meetings of the various literary and ~sthetic societies
among the students.  To give it adequate height, the original roof was raised four feet and surmounted by two spacious domes.  The hall is provided with a suitable stage and scenery and the
requisite property and retiring rooms.
BASEMENT.
In the basement of the Museum,' beside the Bowling-Alley, which remains in its original location under the south wing, there are ample accommodations for the janitor and one or two other employees, with their families.
STEWARD'S DEPARTMENT AND LAUNDRY.
In order to admit of various improvements suggested by experience in the apparatus and
arrangement of these departments, so intimately related to the comfort of the College family, more 
VASSAl? COLLEGE.                                  3'
space was found requisite than the original plan of the College building provided.  Accordingly, in
1872, an extension of the eastern section of the centre building was made, amounting to an area of
nearly five hundred square feet added to each of its five stories.  This extension, besides greatly enlarging the dining-room and the accommodations for the Steward's family and servants, allowed the
introduction of new and improved cooking-apparatus and a more satisfactory disposition of the
entire culinary service.
At the same time a new laundry was erected, forty-eight feet by twenty-eight, of two stories
and a basement.  The basement contains the washing and drying rooms, with the steam-engine by
which the works are run' on the first floor are the mangle, the ironing-rooms, and the distributingroom; while the second affords accommodations for the laundryman's family. A tram-way connects
the distributing-room with the laundry-clerk's office in the main building.
Both the new laundry and the extension to the Steward's Department were built in a
thoroughly substantial manner, and in a style corresponding, architecturally, to that of the other
College edifices.
~~
A, College.              G, Sunset Hill.             M, Barn and Stable.
B, Observatory.          H, Casper Kill.             N, Farm-house.
C, Gymnasium.            I, Gate and Porter's Lodge. 0, Mill-Cove Lake.
D, Gas and Boiler House. K, Pump-house.              P, Tenant-house.
E, Gasometer.            L Ice-house.                R, (*arden Store-house.
F, Play-grounds.
GROUNDS.
The land purchased by the founder for his College had previously been cultivated as a farm,
and possessed few attractions except those which nature had given it in its pleasantly diversified
surface, rising at one point (G) to a commanding elevation, its ravines, enlivened by unfailing springfed brooks, its pretty lake, and the fine growth of forest-trees bordering the west side of the lake 
32                                  VASSAR COLLEGE.
and scattered thickly along the valley of its outlet.  But Mr. Vassar was an experienced and sue
cessful landscapist, as his beautiful villa of Springside, -near Poughkeepsie, still remains to show. His
eye was quick to discern the capabilities of the site; and his first care was to commence that sys
K
: -~
SCENE IN THE VALLEY OF MILL-COvE BROOK.
tem of ornamental plantation which has since entirely changed the aspect of the campus, and
promises to make it one of the most attractive of college parks.  Thousands of trees planted while
the edifice was still building, and others added since are now attaining a respectable growth; and
THE MEETING OF THE ~~v~~s.
every year adds to their size and beauty.  The lake has been more than doubled in length by the
excavation of large deposits of muck at its upper extremity, a process which may be carried still 
VASSAR COLLEGE.                                     33
farther to advantage.  The land on the whole western side of the lake has been bought; and the
entire control of its waters, and of the grove of large trees that borders it, has thus been forever
GROVE OF ANCIENT ~i~~ows.
secured to the College.  The muck taken from the bottom of the lake, amounting thus far to more
than eight thousand cart-loads, has been combined with the sewage from the College to form a valu
-             HEAD OF TllE GLEN.
able fertilizer, to the Virtues of which the soil of the College farm has begun to bear gratifying testimony.  The lawns, also under its influence, are acquiring a deeper and richer verdure.  Around the 
34                                 VASSAR COLLEGE.
large circular play-ground (F), a band forty-two feet in width has been laid out, and is successfully
cultivated by the students as a flower-garden.  A system of walks (asphaltum near the buildings
and gravel elsewhere) has been adopted; and already several miles of foot-paths and carnage-ways
are completed within the grounds, embracing a variety of fine landscape effects, both near and distant.  The summit of Sunset Hill (marked G in the map) commands a view of the Hudson
valley more than sixty miles in extent, from the Fishkill range on the south to the Catskills on
the north, with the bold hills and headlands across the river, capped by the Shawangunk Mountains along the western horizon.  Several points of interest in the scenery of the grounds are described in Mr. Lossing's book, already referred to, from which we have borrowed a few illustrations.
Meanwhile, the city railroad has extended its track to the gate of the College; a telegraphoffice within the building completes its connection with the outside world, and, without impairing
the seclusion and tranquillity of the site, removes the sense of distance which during the first years
was sometimes felt as an objection.
In connection with the town of Poughkeepsie, the College is engaged this summer in widening
the road (seen in the map) which runs across its grounds.  When completed, this fine boulevard,
nearly fiv~e rods in width, with a row of trees (already grown) shadowing the -foot-path along the
middle of it, and extending more than half a mile in length, will form an approach worthy of the
College and its campus.
DRAINAGE AND SEWERAGE.
An improved and, as nearly as may be, perfect system of sewerage and drainage has been adopted within the last three years, which to a large extent has been carried out, and will be substantially
completed in the course of another year.  The sewage from the College is carried through pipes
to the ravine, ~bur hundred feet east of the building, and there discharged into a large covered
brick tank, from which, after the settling of the more solid portions, the comparatively clear liquid
is conveyed through sewer-pipes underground nearly two thousand feet, before it is discharged into
the united Casper Kill and Mill-Cove Brook.  The portion retained in the tank, rich in phosphates
and other fertilizing elements, being then drawn off into the muck-heaps prepared to receive it, is
at once deodorized and converted into a valuable manure.
ORGANIZATION.
The organization of the College has not been materially altered since its opening in 1865.  It
may be thus described:
I. BUSINESS DEPARTMENTS.
The Board of Trustees meets annually.  Its officers are a Chairman, a Treasurer, and a Secretary.  Its first chairman was Hon. William Kelly, of Rhinebeck, who held the office until his decease in 1871.  Hon. Ira Harris, of Albany, succeeded him, and retained the position until his decease in 1875.  The office will be vacant till filled by the Board at its next meeting, in June, 1876.
During the intervals of its sessions, the Board intrusts the management of the College to
Standing Committees, of which the Executive Committee is the chief.  The Executive Committee consists of seven Trustees, annually elected, the officers of the Board and the President of the
College being members ex-offlc~ and it is empowered to act for the Board of Trustees in all 
VASSAR COLLEGE.                                    35
matters not specifically assigned to others.  The Committee on Faculty and Studies nominates the
officers of instruction, and has a general supervision of all the educational interests.  The other
Standing Committees are as follows: on the Library, on Cabinets and Apparatus, on the Art Department, on Scholarships, and for Examining Securities.
There is a General Superintendent elected by the Board, and a Registrar appointed by the
Executive Committee.  The Superintendent is charged with the supervision (under direction of
the Executive Committee) of all the material interests of the College, and of the management of
its various business departments, including those of the Steward, Matron, Engineer, Janitor,
Farmer, and Gardener.*
The Registrar (who is also Assistant Treasurer) is the book-keeper and general clerk of the
College and custodian of its papers, and has charge also of the College Post-Office and Book-Depository.                  II. EDUCATIONAL AND DOMESTIC DEPARTMENTS.
These two branches of the internal organization form one organic whole, and are placed
under a common government.
Its executive head is the President.  He is charged with the educational direction and the
discipline of the College, and with the moral and religious instruction of the students.
The Lady Principal is the immediate head of the College family, and the chief executive aid
of the President.  She exercises a maternal supervision over the deportment, health, social connections, personal habits, and wants of the students.  She is assisted by nine of the lady teachers,
each having immediate charge of one of the College corridors.  In matters of health, she has the
counsel of the Resident Physician, who is also the general health-officer of the College and has
the professional care of the sick, being a regularly educated medical woman, and having under her
direction a well-appointed infirmary and a trained nurse.
Each professor is the responsible head of a department of instruction.  There are eleven departments of instruction established and ~n operation-namely:
Collegiate Departments:
I.Mental and Moral Philosophy.
2.Greek and Latin Languages and Literature, and History.
3.English Language and Literature, and Rhetoric.
4.Mathematics.
5.Astronomy.
6.Physics and Chemistry.
7.Physiology and Hygiene.
8.Instructorship in the German Language and Literature.t
9.Instrudorship in the French Language and Literature.t
* The first Superintendent was Cyrus Swan, Esq., who was also Secretary of the Board and of the Executive Committee.  In 1867, this office was abolished, and the several branches of business were thereafter superintended by small Standing Committees appointed by the Executive Committee from their own number. In 1875, the Board returned to the original policy by electing to this office William F. Forby, Esq., the present General Superintendent.
t The modern languages were originally associated with the ancient in one professorship. The teachers of German
and French were assistants to the "~Professor of Ancient and Modern Languages." The departments are now distinct.
The instructors in German and French repoft directly to the President. They attend the Faculty meetings for administrative purpos~s, but have no vote in its legislative sessions. 
-36                                  VASSAl? COLLEGE.
Extra-collegiate Departments:
10.Drawing and Painting.
ii.Music.
The Faculty consists of the President, the Lady Principal, and the Professors of Collegiate
departments.  It has authority over the entire internal life of the College, educational and domes          tic, subject to the Board of Trustees.
There are twenty additional College`officers.  Of these, three are tutors in the department of
~         Greek and Latin; one in that of Mathematics; four in that of Rhetoric and the English Lan          guage; one in that of Natural History; six are teachers of Vocal and Instrumental Music; three
are aids to the President and Lady Principal; one is Librarian, and one a teacher of Gymnastics.
The President and six of the Professors are men; the Lady Principal, three Professors, hvo
Instructors, and all the other officers of instruction, are women.
BOARDS OF MANAGEMENT AND - INSTRUCTION.
The following are the names of all persons who have been connected with the Board of Trus          tees or with the Faculty, or who have held other professorships or instructorships in the College,
together with the dates at which their respective offices commenced and terminated:
TRUSTEES.
MATTHEW VASSAR, EsQ.,...   Incorporated i86i.....    Deceased i868.
HON. IRA HARRIS,.........          1875.
HON. WILLIAM KELLY,.........        1871.
HON. JAMES HARPER,........          1869.
MARTIN B. ANDERSON, LL.D.,
HON. JOHN THOMPSON,.
REV. EDWARD LATHROP, D.D.,
HON. CHARLES W. SWIFT,.
REV. ELIAS L. MAGOON, D.D.,.
STEPHEN M. BUCKINGHAM,   EsQ.,.
MILO P. JEwETT, LL.D.,........    Resigned 1864.
NATHAN BISHOP, LL.D.,.
MATTHEW VASSAR, JR., EsQ.,.
BENSON J. LOSSING, LL.D.,
REV. EZEKIEL G. ROBINSON, D.D.,
SAMUEL F. B. MORSE, LL.D.,....... Deceased 1872.
SAMUEL S. CONSTANT, EsQ.,.
JOHN GUY VASSAR, EsQ.,.
REV. WILLIAM HAGUE, D.D.,.
REV. RUFUS BABCOCK, D.D.,......             1874.
CORNELIUS DU BOIS, EsQ.,.
JOHN H. RAYMOND, LL.D.,
MORGAN L. SMITH, EsQ.,.
CYRUS SWAN, EsQ.,..
HON. GEORGE W. STERLING,........          1874.
HON. GEORGE T. PIERCE,.......    Resigned i868.
SMITH SHELDON, EsQ.,..
JOSEPH C. DOUGHTY, EsQ.,....... Deceased 1873.
AUGUSTUS L. ALLEN, EsQ.,..
REV. HENRY WARD    BEECHER,..  Elected 1864......    Resigned 1868.
EDWARD L. BEADLE, M.D.,...        i868.
HON. THOMAS CORNELL,.. 
VA &SA R COLLEGE.                                        37
HON. GEORGE INN IS,....    Elected 1869.
HON. GEORGE H. ANDREWS,......  Resigned 1872.
HON. GEORGE G. REYNOLDS,...      "   1872......         "    1873.
REV. EDWARD BRIGHT, D.D.,
RT. REV. FREDERIC D. HUNTINGTON,.      "   1873.
REV. HOWARD CROSBY, D.D., LL.D.,
REZIN A. WIGHT, EsQ.,
WILLIAM ALLEN BUTLER, EsQ.,.                  "   1875.
REV. J. RYLAND KENDRICK, D.D.,
FACULTY.
MILO P. JEWETT, LL.D.,..  Elected President i86i......       Resigned 1864.
JOHN H. RAYMOND, LL.D.,..`     "   1864.
HANNAH W. LYMAN,...  Elected Lady Principal 1865.....       Deceased 1871.
HARRIET W. TERRY,..       "    "     "     1871.
WILLIAM I. KNAPP, A.M.,..  Elected Prof. of Ancient and Modern Languages 1865. Resigned 1867.
CHARLES S. FARRAR, A.M.,.       "      "   Mathematics, Physics, and Chemistry, 1865. " 1874.
SANBORN TENNEY, A.M.,..     "      "   Natural History, 1865....    " 1868.
MARIA MITCHELL, PH.D.,..       "      "   Astronomy, 1865.
ALIDA C. AVERY, M.D.,..     "      "   Physiology and Hygiene, 1865...    " 1874.
HENRY B. BUCKHAM, A.M.,.       "      "   Rhetoric and the English Language, I&6 5.  " 1866.
TRUMAN J. BACK US, A.M.,..     "      "   Rhet. and the Eng. Lang. and Literature, 1867.
JAMES A. ROBERT, A.M.,..       "      "   Ancient and Modern Languages, 1867.        " 1869.
CHARLES FREDERICK      HARTT,   A.M.,   "      "   Natural History and Geology, ~868..   " 1868.
JAMES ORTON, A.M.,..       "      "   Natural History, 1868.
CHARLES J, HINKEL, PH.D.,..     "      "   Greek and Latin Languages and Literature, I869.~
HELEN W. WEBSTER, M.D.,.       "      "   Physiology and Hygiene, 1874.
LE ROY C. COOLEY, PH.D.,..     "      "   Physics and Chemistry, 1874.   ~
PRISCILLA H. BRAISLIN,..       "      "   Mathematics, 1875.
OTHER HEADS OF DEPARTMENTS.
EDWARD WIEBE,....  Elected Prof. of Music, 1865.....       Resigned 1867.
HENRY VAN INGEN,..       "      "      Drawing and Painting, 1865.
FREDERICK LOUIS RITTER,..     "      "      Music, 1867.
C2~CILIE KAPP,...       "  Instructor in German Language and Literature, 1872.*
ADELE ROCH,....    "        "       French  "          "    1873.
TEACHERS AND OTHER ASSISTANTS.
The following list includes all who have been three years or longer connected with any department, or who are now
in the service of the College. Present incumbents are indicated by an asterisk (*).
DEPARTMENT OF ANCIENT LANGUAGES.
Jessie Usher, 1865 to 1869.                          *Abbie M. Goodwin, 1872 to 1876.
Elizabeth L. Geiger, 1866 to 1869.                   Abbie F. Goodsell, 1873 to 1874. Appointed Assistant to Lady
*Frances Ellen Lord, 1867 to 1876.                        Principal, 1874.
Adelaide L. Smiley, 1870 to 1874.                    *Adeline L. Adams, 1874 to 1876.
DEPARTMENT OF MODERN LANGUAGES.
*C~cilie Kapp 1866 to 1872.  Appointed Instructor in  Elizabeth Agar, 1867 to 1870.
German, 1872.
* Previous to 1872, German and French were taught by assistant teachers, under a "Professor of Ancient and Modern
Languages." In that year, the modern languages became independent "instructorships," and the professorship was limited to "Greek and Latin." 
38                                      VASSAR COLLEGE.
DEPARTMENT OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE.
Katharine Fessenden, 1865 to  1869.                        *Caroline B. Le Row, 1870' to 1876.
Lepha N. Clarke, i866 to 1872.                             Abbie F. Goodsell, 1871 to 1872. Transferred to Ancient LanGeorgianne E. Watson, i866 to 1872.                           guages, 1872.
Helen Goodwin, 1867 to 1870.                               Elizabeth S. Burling, 1872 to 1875.
*Fanny A. Wood, 1871 to 1876.                              *Mary L. Avery, 1872 to 1876.
Mary Dame, 1870 to 1871.  Appointed President's Sec-   *Helen C. Hiscock, 1875 to 1876.
retary, 1871.
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS.
*Priscilla H. Braislin, 1865 to 1874.  Appointed Instruc-  *Henrietta B. Church, 1874 to 1876.
tor, 1874.
DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL HISTORY.
Mandana M. Shattuck, 1866 to 1870.               *Charlotte C. Haskell, 1871 to 1876.
VOCAL AND INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC.
*Eliza M. Wiley, 1865 to 1876.                         Emily Lhoyd, 1869 to 1872.
Sarah L. Fiske, 1866 to 1869.                          Agnes M. Lord, 1869 to 1875.
Fanny A. Wood, 1866 to 1870.   Transferred to English *Lily E. Smythe, 1S72 to 1876.
Language, r87i.                                     Alma B. Goodrich, 1872 to 1875.
Sarah E. Newman, 1867 to 1872.                         *Arabella J. Tuttle, 1872 to 1876.
Anna M. Platt, 1867 to 1875.                           *Charlotte E. Finch, 1872 to 1876.
Mary E. Preston, 1867 to 1872.                         *L. Annie Whitney, 1875 to 1876.
Anna Ballard, 1869 to 1872.                            *Jessie Chapin, 1875 to 1876.      -- - -
ASSISTANTS TO LADY PRINCIPAL.
-*Ann Eliza Morse, 1866 to~I876.                   -    *Abbie F. Goodsell, 1874 to 1876.
Susan E. Daggett, 1871 to 1873.
LIBRARIANS.
Eunice D. Sewall, 1867 to 1874.                        *Florence M. Cushing, 1874 to 1876.
PRESIDENT'S SECRETARY.
*Mary Dame, 1871 to 1876.
TEACHERS OF GYMNASTICS.
Elizabeth M. Powell, 1866 to 1870.              *Lilhan Tappan, 1875 to 1876.
Lois Anna Greene,, 1872 to 1875.
FIRST YEARS OF THE COLLEGE.
The College opened, as has been stated, with three hundred students-soon increased to three
hundred and fifty  a full corps of professors and teachers, and all the required apparatus of instruction.  But many important questions remained to be considered, which time and experience only
could determine.  There were no established precedents for a woman's college.  All was theory,
and opinions were divided.  The founder had no special system.  His idea, in his own words, was
simply this: "To found an institution which should accomplish for young women what our col
leges are accomplishing for young men."  For modes of procedure he relied upon others.  "In relation to matters literary and professional," said he to the Board of Trustees, " I can claim no knowledge, and I decline all responsibility.  I shall leave such questions to your superior wisdom."  He
stipulated only for a true collegiate standard.  "I wish to give one sex all the advantages too
long monopolized by the other."
The problem, then, was to devise a system of ir~~c libcral cd~ca1io~ Xor ~ornc~  What should
it be?  What elements of instruction should it embrace, and in what relative propor~ions?  At
what grade of advancement should its curriculum begin, and to what extent should it be carried?
Supposing the conditions of a liberal education for men to be settled, were those for the other sex 
VASSAR COLLEGE.                              39
to be the same? or, if different, in what particulars?  Should there be, as some thought, relatively less of mathematics and more of languages, less of science and more of literature?  Should
the "dead"languages be replaced by living?  Should the course, as a whole; be less severe and
disciplinary, more popular and ~sthetical?  And, finally, should the studies be prescribed or optional?
On all these points there was much diversity of opinion among thinking men, and experience
had settled nothing.  It was idle to expect to settle them by authority.  The College had no authority, and, being without endowments, was itself dependent on the securing of a large number of
students for the support of its expensive system of instruction. Public sentiment, therefore, must
be taken with it in its plans, or they would fail, quite irrespectively of their theoretical merits.
The best thing to be done was, manifestly, to begin with a provisional plan, allowing opportunity for the public sentiment to declare itself, and taking time to mature the permanent course
in the light of experience.  Such a plan was outlined, and published as a "prospectus" in the spring
of 1865.  It offered instruction in all the branches of a collegiate course, but prescrib~d no uniform arrangement of them.  The only prerequisites to admission were that the candidate should
be over fifteen years of age, and should be prepared for examination in arithmeti~, Englis~fi grammar, modern geography, and American history. The prospectus exhibited the titles of studies to
be taught in the College, grouped together loosely in distinct departments of instruction; but it
added: "This scheme must be regarded as merely tentative.  The Board reserves its final decision
on the distribution of studies until experience has developed the wants of the community, and the
whole subject has been maturely canvassed by the Faculty."
Of the three hundred and fifty students with whom the College began, a respectable minority,
say one third, had been well taught; a few admirably.  But of the majority it could not be said
with truth that they were thoroughly grounded in anything.
In the ordinary English branches, had the same tests been applied then that are applied now,
one half would probably have been refused.
In the more advanced studies, the examinations revealed a prevailing want of method and
order, and much of that superficiality which must necessarily result from taking up such studies
without adequate disciplinary preparation.
Their plans for future study revealed as clearly their need of authoritative guidance and
direction.  There was no lack of zeal.  But their reliance was largely on the adventitious advantages which the College was supposed to possess.  Of the real elements and processes of a higher
education, and of the subjcclzvc conditions of mental growth and training, comparatively few,
either of the students or their parents, appeared to have any definite idea.  There was no lack of
definiteness of choice.  Tastes and inclinations were usually positive; reasons were not so plentiful.
That the young lady "liked"this study or "disliked" that was the reason perhaps most frequently
assigned.  If its force was not at once conceded, she strengthened it by increased emphasis, declaring that she was "~asszona1e7y fond" of the one and "ullerly dclcsled" or "never co~7d en(I~re"
the other.  ~raclical studies were greatly in vogue, especially with parents; "practical" meaning
such as had an immediate relation, real or fancied, to some utility of actual life, such, for example,
as that of chemistry to cooking, or of French to a tour in Europe.  Appropriateness for the dis 
40                                  VASSAR COLLEGE.
cipline of the faculties or the furnishing of the mind was often not appreciated as a practical consideration at all.
It became more and more clear to the Faculty that the grand desideratum for the higher
education of women was authoritative r~~~7a1io~.  A system was, of all things, the thing most
urgently demanded.  That it should be a perfect system was less important than that it should be
definite and fixed.  The young women who, all over the land, were urging so importunate a claim
for the means of more thorough culture should first of all be taught what are the unalterable
conditions of a thorough culture, alike for women and for men, and should be held to thyse conditions just as young men are held, whether they "liked" the discipline or not.
To the task, therefore, of reducing to order the heterogenedus medley before them, the Faculty set themselves with all earnestness.  Many wondered why a collegiate course was not at once
marked out and the students forthwith formed into corresponding classes.  It is easy to build a
college on paper.  To produce the real thing is not so easy.  There must not only be buildings
and apparatus, books and learned professors, but there must be ~rc~arcc( s1~c6~it1s, and it will not
be found easy  at least, it was not found easy ten years ago  to get together four hundred young
women, or one fourth of that number, so prepared.  The first thing to be done for the great
majority was to complete their preparation for a proper collegiate course; and, in the prevailing want
of preparatory schools to fit girls for college,* it seemed probable that this necessity would continue
for some years to come.
One fact the Faculty discovered, which went far to counterbalance all their discouragements.
The most mature, thoughtful, and influential of the students perfectly apprehended the situation,
knew what they needed, and earnestly sought it.  Modestly, but firmly and intelligently, they
pleaded for the adoption of the highest educational standard, avowed their readiness to submit for
themselves to the most rigid conditions, and exerted a strong influence to diffuse right views among
their fellow-students.  Before the close of the year, the Faculty found themselves supported in
their desire for a full and strict collegiate course by a strong current of sentiment among the
students themselves.
The first year no attempt was made to grade the students by any common standard. Toward
the close of the second year, a part of them were arranged in college classes, as follows:
Seniors,......    4
Juniors,....... iS
Sophomores,.....   36
Freshmen,...... 58
ii6
Regular Preparatory Students,....   71
Irregular (or "Special Course") Students,.. I6~
Whole Number,...  352
*Ten years have wrought an observable change in this respect. A number of first-class ladies' seminaries now
advertise special classes to prepare for Vassar; and the growing interest in the public mind in favor of affording collegiate
advantages to women is producing its natural effect in the academies and public high-schools, both in New-England and
the west. The probability now is that the supply of the prepared material may be in advance of the opportunities to turn
it to account. 
VASSAl? COLLEGE.                             4'
But it was not until the close of the third year that the institution fully attained a collegiate
character.  During these three years the Faculty had been carefully studying the conditions of the
problem before them, and gradually maturing a permanent course of study.  This received the
sanction of the Trustees, at their annual meeting, June 23, iS6S; and, at the opening of the fourth
academical year, it definitely replaced the provisional course at first adopted.  The changes since
made have all been in the direction of a further elevation of the standard.  They will be described
more fully hereafter.
DEATH OF MR. VASSAR.
The same annual meeting was marked by another event of interest in the history of the
College -to wit, the death of its founder, rendered the more memorable from the extraordinary and
impressive circumstances that attended it.
Though Mr. Vassar had withdrawn from the Executive Committee, he continued an active
member of the Board of Trustees.  He kept himself informed as to every step in the progressive
development of the College, and participated in the discussion of all measures adopted or proposed.
His views, though never obtruded in a way which could embarrass others in the discha#ge of their
duties, were always expressed with decision and frankness.  He took great plea4ure in watching
-the interior working of the institution.  He visited the College daily when his health permitted,
and cultivated a friendly acquaintance with the professors and students.  He was ever sure of a
-warm and loving welcome.  Every face, as he appeared, was lighted up with a smile of affection;
and the feeling did not fail to find modes of expression as delicate as they were beautiful and
touching.  Among its more formal manifestations was the establishing of his birthday, under the
title of" Founder's Day," as the chief festival of the College year, to be annually commemorated
with appropriate observances under the immediate direction of the students.  To them a labor of
love, these were to Mr. Vassar occasions of affecting interest.  He lived to witness three of them.
The feeling of the College towards himself, as " Founder, Father, Friend," received at such times
an explicit and emphatic (?xpression which under ordinary circumstances would have been unsuitable; and the sight of 5Q many happy youth exefting themselves to do him honor, and the
presence of his old friends and neighbors, gathering round him with kindly hand-grasps and warm
congratulations, might well move a heart of less sensibility than his own.  On one such occasion
he whispered into the ear of one on whose arm he chanced to be leaning, "This single day more
than repays me for all I have done."
The last time Mr. Vassar met his associates of the Board was the 23d of June, i86S  a beautiful morning in the month of flowers.  He had for some time been suffering from a functional derangement of the heart, which at times occasioned him great difficulty of breathing, and had considerably reduced his strength.  But that morning he rose feeling somewhat more vigorous than
usual, dressed himself, according to his custom, with care, and drove to the College at the hour
appointed for the annuaJ meeting of the Board.  It was the day preceding Commencement, and the
College was full of the cheefful~ bustle of preparation.  Parents and friends were there making
arrangements to take the students home, and the light of the coming vacation was reflected in many
a happy face.  Among them all none shone with a serener joy than that of the venerable man, who
moved from group to group, the observed of all- observers, with a kindly look and salutation for all. 
42                                VASSAR COLLEGE.
At I I A.M. the Board convened, and immediately after the organization of the meeting Mr.
Vassar proceeded to read his usual annual address.  As his tones were feeble and he read sitting,
the members of the Board gathered closer round him and listened in profound silence.  Suddenly,
when he had almost finished, his voice faltered and ceased, the paper dropped from his hand upon
the table by which he sat, his head fell back upon the chair-and he was gone!  Without a
struggle or sign of pain, his spirit had passed away; and after the lapse of a few moments, during
which the machinery of life seemed running gently down, his body rested in its last repose.
An hour later the trustees reassembled to listen to the closing paragraph of the address, which
was as follows:
"And now, gentlemen, on closing these remarks, I would humbly and solemnly implore the Divine Goodness to continue his smiles and favor on your institution, and to bestow on all hearts connected therewith his love and blessing,
having peculiarly protected us by his providence through all our College trials for three consecutive years, without a
single death in our Board, or serious illness or death of one of the pupils within the College walls. Wishing you, gentlemen, a continuance of health and happiness, I bid you a cordial and final farewell. Thanking you kindly for your official
attentions and services, and not expecting, from my advanced years and increasing infirmities, to meet with you officially
again, I implore the Divine Goodness to guide and direct you aright in all your councils."
Dunug the preceding winter Mr. Vassar had carefully. rewritten his will, and made a final disposition of his worldly estate.
In addition to the four hundred and eight thousand dollars originally given, he had already,
in his lifetime, expended twenty thousand dollars for an art-gallery, and advanced for building purposes, at various times, an aggregate of seventy-five thousand dollars on mortgages which were cancelled by his will.  By his will, also, the College was made the principal inheritor of his remaining
property.  This was distributed into four distinct funds, the income of each being expressly limited
to a specific use, namely:
i. A L~1~rc F~~ct, of fifty thousand dollars, for the maintenance of free lectures of a high
order in the College.
2. An A~xWzary F~~d~ of fifty thousand dollars, to aid meritorious students.
3. A Lz~rary, ArI, a~d Cabi?~~1 Fu~d{, of fifty thousand dollars, for the benefit of those
interests.
4. A i?epazr T~~~ embracing the residue of the estate, and amounting to over one hundred
thousand dollars, for repairs and improvements on the buildings and premises.
DEATH OF THE LADY PRINCIPAL.
Nearly three years after the death of the founder died Miss Hannah W. Lyman, the first Lady
Principal of Vassar College, February 21, 1874.  This noble and heroic woman died at her post of
duty after a faithful and efficient service of about six years.  Miss Lyman was a native of Northampton, Mass., and was born, of good Puritan stock, in iSi6.  She began to teach in early life, and,
after several minor changes, established herself in Montreal, Canada, where she was well known as
a thorough and successful educator for more than twenty-five years.  She was held in high esteem
not only in that city, but throughout the entire province, which she left only at what seemed to
her a paramount call of duty when summoned, in 1865, to take the position of Lady Principal of
Vassar College, then just organized.  She took this step with great hesitancy, though with a pro 
VASSAl? COLLEGE.                                43
found conviction of the importance of the enterprise; and, having accepted the work, she threw
into it all her energies of body and mind.  She never satisfied her own requirements; but to her
indefatigable faithfulness and self-devotion, the purity and elevation of her character, the charm of
her manner, and the inspiration of her influence, there are many to bear testimony. In the organization of the College family, in determining the principles and establishing the precedents which
were to regulate its domestic and social life, her share of responsibility was specially large, and her
lUng experience in similar relations proved of essential service.  This was the crowning work
of her life.  She remained in it to the end, never shrinking from any of its burdens while she had
strength to endure them, and closing her life at last, after a few weeks of severe suffering, like a
mother among her children, who, admiring her for what she was in herself, loved and mourned her
still more for what she had been to them.
COURSE OF STUDY.
A comparison of the present course of study with that adopted by the Trustees in June, 1868,
will show the progress made in this respect within the last eight years.  We premise a lew statements, which may serve to render the comparison more readily understood.      -     --
A. CHOICE OF COURSES.
In the first pfan there were two distinct courses marked out, the classica7 and the scic~14ic, between which each student was required to choose.  But this was found not to work well in practice.
Very few students were prepared at the outset to make an election which involved so much; and
many desired combinations of studies differing in some respects from both the courses laid down
combinations often equally good, and in some cases better adapted to the real wants of the student.
Such combinations, when approved by the Faculty, were at first allowed by special action, until it
appeared that the exceptions were likely to be more numerous than the cases of compliance with
the rule.  This led to an abandonment of that feature of the original scheme, and the substitution of
the plan which has appeared in every catalogue since that of 1869-70.  A single conspectus exhibits all the studies pursued in each term of each year, and from them the students of the corresponding class are allowed severally to select three, subject to the approval of the Faculty. This
gives at once unity and pliability to the course, avoiding the sharp discrimination of the members
of each class into two sorts, and yet allowing to each individual the widest scope of election consistent with sound principles of education.
B. SPECIAL COURSES.
Irregular or eclectic courses have been allowed, in special cases, since the opening of the College.  One of the chief difficulties in the early years was to confine this privilege to the ~lass of
persons to whom it properly belonged.  The very students who needed above all things a regular,
systematic training, and whose age and circumstances presented no obstacle to their taking it, were
often the most enamored of a fancy course.  To discourage this tendency it was found necessary to
make the conditions of a special course more and more stringent, until finally it was determined to
grant the privilege to none who were under twenty years of age, and who had not passed satisfactory
examinations in at least two thirds of the preparatory and freshman studies, or what was equivalent 
44                                       VASSAR COLLEGE.
thereto.  This policy has had the desired effect, as is indicated by the gradual reduction of the number of" special course" students.  In 1868-69, out of 221 collegiate students there were 59 (or more
than 25 per cent of the whole) pursuing irregular courses; in 1874-75, out of 225 there were only
I I (or less than 5 per cent), and these were all cases where the propriety of such a course was
clear.  Hereafter more encouragement may safely be given to such courses.
C. PREPARATORY CLASSES.
The College has continued till the present time to receive students whose preparation for college was incomplete, partly from the difficulty of their being suitably fitted elsewhere, and partly
for financial reasons, the professorships not being endowed, and the number of College students not being sufficient to meet the heavy running expenses.  It is desirable that the College
shall, as soon as possible, be relieved of this department; first, because the care of it seriously discounts the teaching force of the Faculty; and secondly, because by crowding the accommodafions
of the College with so large a number of immature pupils, the advantages for effective study are
materially abridged for the college students.  As every year is now increasing,in all directions the
facilities for fitting girls for college, there will be nothing to prevent Vassar's' dispensing with its
preparatory classes so soon as its friends furnish it with the means of independence which all other
schools of liberal culture find necessary.
ORIGINAL CURRICULUM.
(Franz the Catazo~ue of 1867-68.)
There are two regular Courses of Study pursued in the College, the Classical and Philoso~hical Course, and the Saentzflc and Modern Language Course, and between these each student is allowed her choice.  In special cases where advanced
students desire to supply particular deficiencies in their previous education, courses specially suited to their wants will be
arranged for them, under the direction of the President and Faculty.
REQUISITES`FOR THE FRESHMAN CLASS.
I.For admission to the Freshman Class in either Course, the student must be prepared for examination in the following, or in equivalents:
Harkness' Introductory Latin Book  Harkness' Reader; C~sar, four books; cicero, four Orations; Virgil, six books; Hark
ness Latin Grammar, complete; Robinson's University Algebra, to Equations of Second Degree; Quackenbos' or Boyd's
Rhetoric; Outlines of General History.
2.A further examination will be required
(I.) For admission to tbe Freshman Class in the Classical Course, in Harkness' Introductory Greek Book; Xenopbon's Anaba         sis, three books; and Kllbner's Grammar, to Syntax.
(2.) For admission to the Fresbman class, in the Scientific and Modern Langua,~ Course, in Otto's French course, Fasquelle's
colloquial Reader, Williams' English into French.
CLASSICAL COURSE.                                        SCIENTIFIC COURSE.
FRESHMAN YEAR.                                            FRESHMAN YEAR.
FIRST SEMESTER.                                           FIRST SEMESTER.
L~vi~.-Livy; Arnold's Prose Composition.                LAviN.-Livy; Arnold's Prose Composition.
G~~~~.-Felton's Historians; Kllbner's Grammar, Syntax.   FRENc~.-Poitevin's Crammaire; Larousse's Lexicolagie,  re
Arnold's Prose Composition.                              Annie, and Howard's Aids to Compositi6n, begun.  Scribe and
M~v~~MAvIcs.-Robinson'~s University Algebra, completed. Racine.
E~~nsn.-Exercises in Composition.                         M~v~~M~v~cs.-Robinson's University Algebra, completed.
E~~~sH.-Exercises in Composition. 
VASSAR COLLEGE.                                          45
SECOND SEMESTER.                                    SECOND SEMESTER.
L~~~~.-Cicero, de Senectute et Amicitia; Prose Composi-    L~~i~.-Cicero, de Senectute et Amicitia; Prose Composition
tion.                                                       F~~~cH.-Poitevin, Lexico1o~ie, IC Annee, and Howard's Aids,
G~~~~.-Homer's Iliad, six books; Kiihner's Grammar, corn- completed. Racine and Souvestre.
pleted. Prose Composition.                                  MATHEMATICS.- Loomis' Geometry.
M~~~~~ATIcS.-Loomis' Geometry.                             Bov~Nv.-Gray's Lessons and Manual, with Excursions.
E~G~is~.-Exercises in Grammatical Analysis.                E~Gu~n.-Exercises in Analysis.
SOPHOMORE YEAR.                                    SOPHOMORE YEAR.
FIRST SEMESTER.                                   FIRST SEMESTER.
Ga~~~.-Sophocles' Ajax; Prose Composition.                 Fa~~cH.-Poitevin's Syntaxe and Exercises;  Lexieolo~ie,  2e
M~vn~~~vics.-Loomis' Trigonometry.                        Annee, begun. Corneille.
E~~i.~sH.-Whately's Rhetoric; Compositions.                M~~n~~~~~cs.-Loomis' Trigonometry.
GEOLOGY AND M~~~~~~o~v.-Lectures, with Laboratory Prac                                                           tice and Excursions.
E~~~~sn.-Whately; Compositions.
SECOND SEMESTER.                                     SECOND SEMESTER.
L~v~n.-Horace's Odes and Art of Poetry.                    G~a~~~.-Woodbury's New Method, Part I., begun. Adler's
Ga~~~.-i~schylus' Agamemnon; Prose Composition.           Progressive Reader.
NATURAL H~s~oav.-Gray's Botany; Lectures on Zoblogy.       F~~~cH.-Fleury's IIisloi~ de France; LexicoTornie, completed
En~~~~~.-Exercises in Etymology and Synonyms; Composi-    Molie~re and Topffer.
tions.                                                      MATHEMATICS (Elective EJith French).-Loomi S' Analytical Ge                                                           ometry and Calculus.
Zob~o~v.-Lectures, with Laboratory Practice and Excursions.
E~~~~s~.-Exercises in Etymology and Synonyms; Compo                                                           sitions.
7UN!OR YEAR.*                                              7U~WR YEAR.*
FIRST SEMESTER.                                            FIRST SEMESTER.
Fa~~c~.-Fasquelle's Grammar and Reader.                    G~a~~n.-Woodbury, Parts I. and II.; Schiller's Wilhelm Tell.
L~~~~.-Tacitus' Germania and Agricola.                     Fa~~cH.-Poitevin's Analyse Logiqite, Sommer's Manuelac Style,
NATURAL Pn~~osop~v.-Silliman's Physics, Parts I. and II.  and Demogeot's Iristoire de la Litljralure, begun. Translations.
GEOLOGY AND PHYSICAL G~o~a~p~v.-Lectures.                  NATURAL P~i~oso~Hv.-Silliman's Physics, Parts I. and II.
LOGIC AND POLITICAL Econo~v.-Wbately and Wayland.          PHYSICAL G~o~~~pnv.-Lectures.
E~~~s~.-Lectures on the History of the English Language.   ASTRoNoMY.-Robinson's, begun.
E~~~~su.-Lectures on the History of the English Language.
SECOND SEMESTER.                                            SECOND SEMESTER.
Fa~~c~.-Molie~re'~ Tartuje, or Racine's Athalie.           Gxa~~~.-Woodbury, completed; Schiller's Wallenstein; Eng GREER.-Plato's Phzdon.                                    lish into German; Etymology and Synonyms.
M~~nx~~~tcs.-Loomis' Analytical Geometry and Calculus.     Fa~NcH.-Poitevin, Sommer, and Demogeot, completed; Free
NATURAL P~~~osov~Y.-Silliman's Physics, completed.        Compositions; Translations.
E~~~~s~.-Shaw's Manual of English Literature.              ASTRONOMY.-Robinson's, completed.
NATURAL Pn~~osopHY.-Silliman's Physics, completed.
E~~~~s~.-Shaw's Manual of English Literature.
SENfOR YEAR.                                               SENfOR YEAR.
FIRST SEMESTER.                                            FIRST SEMESTER.
INTELLECTUAL PHILOSoPHY.-H aven.                            INTELLECTUAL PHILoSOPHY.-H aven.
An~~oMv.-Gray.                                              ANATOMY — Gray.
C~~~is~~v.-Sto~ckhardt and Wells.                           C~~~~svav. —Sto.'ckhardt and Wells.
As~ao~o~~.-Robinson's, begun.                               As~ao~oMY.-Pierce's Spherical, begun.
G~a~~~.-Woodbury's ~N1ethod; Adler's Reader.                (;~~~~~.-Goethe's Torquato Tasso; Free Compositions.
I~~u~~.-Grammar and Reader.                                 I~~~~~N.-Grammar and Reader.
L~v~~.-Cicero's Tusculan Dispu tations.                     LOGIC AND POLITICAL Eco~o~v.-Whately and Wayland.
* In the Junior and Senior~Years, each student elects three of the studies laid down for each semester, subject to the
approval of the Faculty.  The studies omitted may be taken up in a POST-GRADUATE YEAR, and in this way the entire
course can be completed. 
46                                         VASSAl? COLLEGE.
SECOND SEMESTER.                                       SECOND SEMESTER.
MORAL PHILOsOPHY.-Wayland.                                     MORAL PHILo sovHv. —Wayland.
PHYSIoLoGT.-John C. Draper.                                    PHYSIoLoGY. —J. C. Draper.
ASTRoNoMv.-Robinson's, completed.                              AsTaoNoMv.-Pierce's, completed.
CRITICISM. -Kames' Elements.                                   CaITIcIs~. —Kames' Elements.
LANGuAcES.-German (Goethe's Iphigenia); Italian (Dante);       LANcuAc~s.-German, ItRliRfl, or French Literature.
or Greek (Lyrical Poets).
ART STUDIES.
Students will usually be able to take one Art study in addition to the Regular Course, and are strongly advised to do
so, when it is possible, as an important element of education.  In the Junior and Senior years, after the completion of the
more disciplinary studies, proficiency in Music or the Arts of Design may be accepted as an equivalent for some one of
the prescribed studies in Literature or Science.
PREPARATORY STUDIES.
Classes are formed every fall for beginners in Latin, Greek, French, and Algebra. To be admitted to these, students
must have com~teled the study of Arithmetic, Geography, English Grammar, and the History of the United States.  Applicants of all grades will be as carefully examined in these elementary studies as in higher branches, and, if deficient, will
be afforded an opportunity to review them here.
PRESENT CURRICULUM, EXPENSES, ETC.
(From the Catalo6~ue of 1875-76.)
Candidates for the Freshman Class must be at least sixteen years of age, and are examined in the following studies:
English Grammar. Hart's Rhetoric.                            Greek, elective.*  Grammar. Xenophon's Anahasis, th~e
Ancient and Modern Geography. Guyot's Physical Geography.   hooks.
History of the United States. Weher's Outlines of Universal  German, elective.* Otto's Grammar.  Adler's Reader, 100
History. first book.                                         pages (six ballads memorized). Schiller's Tell. Lessing's Minna
Arithmetic.  Olney's University Algebra, thrnugh "Quadrat-  von Barnlzelrn.
ics.  Chauvenet's Geometry, first three books. -              French, elective.*  Otto's Grammar.  Hachette's Second
Latin Grammar. C~sar, four hooks. Virgil's ~neid, two       French Reader. About's Le l?oi des Montagnes.  Me rime e's Cobooks; six Eclogues; and Georgics, two books.  Cicero, six   lomba.
orations.
Candidates for admission to an advanced standing are examined as follows:
I On the studies required for admission to the Freshman Class.
2.On all the ~reseribed studies of the previous part of the course.
3.On as many elective studies as would have been required in connection therewith had the candidate entered at the heginning.
To the middle of the Sophomore year the studies are all prescribed, excepting the choice allowed between the Greek,
German, and French languages, only one of which is required.  In each following semester every student elects three full
studies, or what is equivalent thereto, subject to i;he approval of the Faculty. stuaents are not required or permitted, under ordinary circumstances, to undertake at any one time more than an equivalent for three full coll~giate studies, together
with one art study.
FRESHMAN YEAR.
FIRST SEMESTER.                                               SECOND SEMESTER.
LATIN.-Livy.  Madvig's Grammar. Prose Composition.            LATIN.-H orace.
GREEK, elective. -Homer's Iliad.                              GREEK, elective.-Homer's Odyssey.  Herodotus.
FRENCH, elective.-Borel's Grammar, 1st Course. Pylodet's      FRENCH, elective.-Borel's Grammar, 2d Course.    Pylodet's
Litt6rature Contern~ora~ne.                                   Litt6ratnre Con temporaine.
GERMAN, elective.-Schiller's  Wallenstein, Part II. Goethe's  GERMAN, elective.-Schiller's Wallenstein, Part III. Modern
and Schiller's Ballads.  English into German.                 Authors.
MATHEMATIcs.-Olney's University Algebra, and Chauvenet's      NATURAL HlsToav.-Gray's Manual of Botany.
Geometry.                                                      Lectures on Oriental History.
Lectures on Physiology and Hygiene.                          Composition. Elocution. Elements of Drawing.
Exercises in English Composition. Elements of Drawing.
* Only one language in addition to the English and Latin is required in the College course. This may be either
Greek, German, or French, as the student elects. 
VASSAR COLLECE.                                             47
SOPHOMORE YEAR.                             Lo~Ic.-Jevons'.
AsvaoNoMT.-Godfray's, completed.
FIRST SEMESTER.                          P~vs~cs.-Forc&~~nd Motion, Hydrostatics and Hydraulics,
*           Pneumatics, Electricity.
ENGLISH L~~~a~vUa~.-Shaw's New History, with Lectures.      P~vs~o~oGv.-Lectures, with references.
L~~~~.-Cicero, de 0~'atore. Quintilian.                     MEDIA~vAL His~oav.-Lectures.
M~v~~~~vIcs.-Olney's Trigonometry, with Lectures on Sur-    English Composition.
veying and Navigation.
Lectures on Greek and Roman History.
English Composition.
SENIOR YEAR.
SECOND SEMESTER.                                           FIRST SEMESTER.
L~vi~.-Plautus and Juvenal.                               MENTAL P~~~osbp~v.-Hamilton, with lectures and refer  Ga~~~.-Thucydides. Demosthenes.                          ences.
G~a~~~.-Goethe's jpkigerna.  Composition.                 LATIN. -Cicero, de O~ciis. Prose Composition.
FRENCH -Howard's Aids to Composition. Pylodet's Litt6ra-  As~ao~o~~.-Chauvenet: Theory and Calculation of Eclipses.
tu~ Classique.  Classical Readings.                         P~vs~cs.-Undulations; Sound, Heat, Light.
M~v~~~~vIcs.-Olney's General Geometry and Calculus.       Lectures on the History and Theory of Art.
NATURAL Htsvoav.-Lectures on Comparative Zoo~logy.        English Composition. Elocution.
*  C~~~~svav.-Descnptive and Theoretical. Lectures, with ref erences.
Lectures on Popular Astronomy.                                              SECOND SEMESTER.
English Composition.  Elocution.
MORAL P~~~osop~v.-Wayland, with lectures.
7UNWR YEAR.                               Ga~~~.-Sophocles.
G~a~~~.~Goethe's Faust. History of German Literature.
FIRST SEMESTER.                           Fa~~c~.-H~~igher Course of Reading and Criticism.  Writing
of Essays.   ~
LATIN. -Tacitus.  Prose Composition.                      C~~~~svav.~alytical and Applied.
RHEToRIc.-Whately's.                                      ENGLISH L~v~a~vUa~.-Advanced Course.
NATURAL HISToRT.-Dana's Mineralogy and Geology.           M~v~~~~mcs.-General Geometry and Calculus, Advanced
AsTRoNoMv.-Godfray's, begun.                             Course.
English Composition. Elocution.                           GEOLOGT.- Advanced Course.
As~ao~o~v.-Chauvenet:Least Squares.  Practical Observ                   SECOND SEMESTER.                         ing.
MODERN Hisvoav.-Lectures.
GREEK.-Plato.                                              English Composition.
ART STUDIES.
The arts taught in the College are Vocal and instrumental music, drawing, painting, and modelling in clay or wax.
Students are usually able to take one art study in addition to their regular college work, and are advised to do so when
they can, as a valuable element of culture.  In the Junior and Senior years, marked proficiency in music or the arts of
design will,`at the discretion of the Faculty, be accepted as an equivalent for some one semestral study in the collegiate
course; but in such cases the general scholarship standing of the student must be good.
SPECIAL COURSES.
Students who are sufficiently matured and advanced are received for eclectic courses, provided in each case that the
course proposed is deemed by the Faculty preferable, for the objects had in view, to the regular course.  As a general
rule, the applicant should be not under twenty years of age, and her average advancement at least equal to that of
the Freshman class.
DIPLOMAS.
Students who complete the regular course receive the Fi?st or Baccalaureate Degree in Arts.
A candidate for the Second Degree in Arts must pass examination in studies which have been approved by the Faculty
as equivalent to a post-graduate course of' two fuil years, and must present a satisfactory dissertation on some literary or
scientific subject.
The College at present confers no honorary degrees. 
48                                       vASSAi? COLLEGE.
THE COLLEGE HOME.'
The domestic and social life of the College is under the responsible direction of the Lady Principal.
All students, on their admission, become members of the College family, and are subject to its regulations.
It is a maxim, in the administration of the College, that the health of the student shall be made a prime object of attention. Great care is taken in regard to the sanitary regulations of the College as respects hours for rising and retiring, the
warming and ventilation of rooms, choice and preparation of food, rules of personal regimen, etc.
A portion of each day is set apart for some invigorating exercise, and every young lady is required to observe it as a
College duty. The College grounds, embracing two hundred acres, afford scope for all forms of healthful recreation. A
lake on the premises is available for boating in the summer and skating in the winter. A well-furnished gymnasium and
bowling-alley supply the means of in-door exercise; and gymnastics' are taught by an experienced instructor.
A regular physician resides in the College.
Complete arrangements are made for the comfoft of the sick, and a competent nurse is in constant attendance. The
Infirmary is isolated from the rest of the College, and, with the southern exposure and cheerful appointments of its
dormitories and parlor, makes a home-like place of r~st for those who need temporary respite from College duties.
There are daily prayers in the College chapel, and a religious service every Sunday; and Bible classes meet on Sunday
for the study of the Scriptures. These exercises the students are required to attend, unless excused by the proper
authority.  Social religious meetings are held on Sunday and week-day evenings for such as choose to attend them.
STUDENTS' SOCIETIES.
THE PHILALETHEAN Soc~~~v is a voluntary organization for literary improvement. The members of the general Society are distributed into Chapters of equal size. Each Chapter' adopts its own literary name, elects its own officers, and
manages~ its internal affairs on its own plan-constituting, for all literary purposes, an indepe'~ndenf society. The Chapters meet regularly once a week for literary exercises; and they occasionally give public entertainments in the hall of tpe
Society or in the College chapel.
The Soc~x~v OF RELIGIOUS INQUIRY seeks to foster an intelligent missionary spirit among its members and their fellow-students, by keeping them informed with regard to the progress of Christianity in the world, enlisting their sympathies and prayers, and extending aid to objects of common interest.  Its regular meetings are monthly.
A Society of Natural History, a Floral Society, a Fine Arts Club, a Shakespeare and other reading Clubs, Glee and
Madrigal Clubs, etc., are also organized among the students for objects sufficiently indicated by their titles.
COLLEGE YEAR.
The College year contains forty weeks, beginning about the middle of September and closing near the end of June.
The long vacation immediately follows, embracing the months of July and August, and a part of September. A short
recess occurs at the usual winter holidays, and another in the spring.
Thanksgiving Day, Washington's Birthday, the Birthday of the Founder, and the Annual Concert of Prayer for Colleges are observed as holidays.
EXPENSES.
The uniform price of Board and Tuition for all students, whether regular or special, is $400 for the College year; of
which $300 is payable in advance, and the balance on the first day of March following.
No extra charge is made, except for private lessons in the extra-collegiate studies-namely, Music and the arts of
Design; for which the additional charges are as follows, payable three quarters in advance
Pianoforte, two lessons a week and one practice period daily,.          $ioo per annum.
Organ, two lessons a week and one practice period daily,.                       100
Solo Singing, two lessons a week and one practice period daily,.               100
Thorough-Bass and Composition, two lessons a week,...   So
Drawing, Painting, or Modelling,.                                  So
PREPARATORY DEPARTMENT.
As far as the accommodations of the College allow, after its regular classes are provided for, students are received for
preparatory instruction, preference being given to those farthest advanced.
None, however, are admitted who are not over fifteen years of age, or who do not pass an entirely satisfactory examination in Arithmetic, English G'rammar, Modern Geography, and United States History, no instruction being given in those
indispensable branches.
The following is a list of the additional studies required to fit a candidate for the Freshman class, with the time allotted
to each in the preparatory course. This allotment is made on the presumption that three studies, and only three, are
taken simultaneously. 
VASS4i? COLLECE.                                      49
LATIN.  (Six Seuzesters.)                       FRENcH, elective. *  (Thee Sentesters.)
I. Otto's Grammar, first part. Hachette's Second Reader.
I. Grammar, Etyrnolojy. Andrews' First Lessons.      II. Otto's Grammar, completed. About's Le koi des IWon
II. Grammar, Syntax. First Book of C~sar.
III.          C~sar, second, third, and fourth hooks. One oration of ta~nes.
III. Me' rime' e's Colomba.  English into French. (Recitations
Cicero.                                                                in French.)
IV. Virgil, A~neid, two hooks.
V.Cicero, five orations.
VI.           Virgil, six Eclogues, and two books of Georgics.                     MATHEMATIcS.  (Th'ee Semesters.)
I.Robinson's Elementary Algebra.
II. Olney's University Algebra, begun.
GREEK, elective.*  (Three Semesters.)                  III. Olney's University Algebra, through Quadratic Equations.
Chauvenet's Geometry, three books.
I.Cu rtiu s's Grammar, Etymology.
II. Curtius's Grammar, Syntax. Xenophon's Anabasis, begun.                                                                               ENGLISH LANGUAGE.  (Two Semesters.)
III. Xenophon's Anabasis, to end of third book.                        I.   Hart's Rhetoric.
II.   Hart's Rhetoric, completed.  (Etymology. Synonyms,
GERMAN, elective.*  (Three Semesters.)               Analysis of Sentences.)
I. Otto's Grammar, to irrsgular Verbs. Adler's Reader, 100 A~ciENT HisToav AND GEoGRAPHY.  (One Semester.)
pages.  Six ballads memorized.                                    I. Weber's Outlines of U~~~~~5aj~?Hi5tory -~ Collier and
II. Otto's Grammar, to Syntax. Lessing's Minna von Barn-     Schmitz's Student's Atlas of Historical and Classical Geography.
helm.
III. Otto's Grammar, completed. Schiller's Tell.  English
into German, Sheridan's School for Seanda4 10 pages. (Recita-    NATURAL HISToRY.  (One Semester.)
lions in German.)                                                 I. Guyot's Physical Geography.
To accomplish this course in a proper manner will require, for an average student, nearly,three years.  Students in
academies or high-schools, who intend to enter this institution, are advised, whenever it is practicable, to join classes
which are regularly preparing for college, so as to take the studies in a proper consecutive order.
STATISTiCS OF ATTENDANCE AND GRADUATION.
`.5
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5             0
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i866                                       Students not    classified.                           353
1867....     4      27      42       46              189 308..    4       75     356
i865....    25      36      43       37              123 264 132    25       75     339
1869..     2     36      32      33       6i               74 236  So    34      123     361
1870..     2     33      26               65               62 234  77    34      149     385
1871..     1     22      33      53       66               65 239  79    21      141     351
1872      3      I     28      47      53       77               55 263  72    29      151     415
1873      2..    47      45      62       Si               41 276  69    47      135     411
1874..     5     43      47       ~6      93               21 260  67 -  42      146     411
i875....    42      51       ~S      63               ii 225  41    42      159     384
1576..     2     47      44      43       49               20 203..   46      i66     371
* Only one language in addition to the English and Latin is required. This may he Greek, German, or French, as the
student elects. 
so                                                   VASSAl? COLLEGE.
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VASSAl? COLLEGE.                                        51
AUXILIARY FUND AND SCHOLARSHIPS.
Among the provisions of Mr. Vassar's will was that of a fund of fifty thousand dollars, to be called the Auxiliary
Fund, the object of which is to assist, by the partial payment of the expenses of board and tuition, students of character
and ability, who, without such help, would be unable to continue their College course.
The benefits of this fund are awarded not as a charity, hut as a recognition of merit. The terms of the bequest prescribe
that the participant shall be a student in the regular course, and that, on due examination, she shall have been approved
by the Faculty as a student of superior mind and high scholarship. Two hundred dollars is the largest appropriation
allowed by the terms of the foundation to be made to any student for a given year.
The College has at present no other invested funds at its disposal for gratuitous instruction; but means are found to
meet cases of necessity as they arise, and it is confidently hoped that good scholars of high character will rarely or never
he obliged to abandon their studies in the College for want of means to pay the College charges.
A scholarship has been endowed by Alan son J. Fox, Esq., of Painted Post, N. Y., the incumbent of which is, during his
life, nominated by its founder.
The Board of Trustees have also recently adopted a plan for the founding of scholarships,
which is embodied in the following preamble and resolutions; and measures are in progress which
it is hoped will result in giving it practical effect.
WHEREAS, There are many young women of high character and the best natural abilities to whom thorough acadernical culture would be invaluable, but who have not the means to pbtain it;
AND, WHEREAS, Persons of intelligent views and large means should be encouraged to provide for the education of
such young women by founding fiee scholarships in a well-established institution of learning:
R~SoLvED, That the Trustees of Vassar College will receive and administer funds, contributed for the founding of free
scholarships, on the following principles and conditions:
I. The sum necessary to the founding of a scholarship shall be six thousand dollars, either in cash or in approved
securities, the avails of which shall be considered as paying all bills for board, room-rent, and tuition in the regular
branches of the College Course, or of a special Post-Graduate Course, for the student who shall enjoy the privilege of the
scholarshi p.
2. Every such scholarship may be known by the name its founder shall choose.
-3. The founder of any scholarship may nominate the young woman, of superior promise as to character and culture,
who shall receive the benefits of the scholarship thus founded.
-  4. A scholarship shall be awarded to no young woman who has not a good physical constitution, and also a fixed
purpose to complete the regular course of collegiate studies, and ability successfully to sustain a rigid examination in all
the branches required for admission to the College.
5. These scholarships shall be available only for students in the regular Collegiate or special Post-Graduate Course,
and no student shall continue to receive the avails of a scholarship longer than her character and attainments entitle her
to the honor.
6. One of the Standing Committees appointed by this Board shall be the Committee on Scholarships, whose duty it
shall be to see that these regulations are strictly complied with, and to report to the Board, once a year, the condition of
the scholarships. with the standing of the incumbents of the same; said Committee to consist of five persons, of whom the
first two shall be the President and the Lady Principal of the College.
7. The funds of the scholarships herein provided for shall be invested and held in trust as are the other permanent fund s
of the College, and the written orders of the Committee on Scholarships shall be the only authorized vouchers of the
Treasurer in applying the income of such funds.
COLLEGE PROPERTY.
I. IN 1871.
The following is the value of the College property, as reported in 1871, after Mr. Vassar's
decease, and when all his donations had been fully realized:
1. UNPRODUCTIVE PROPERTY.
Grounds (200 acres) and farm-house,.......    $40,000 00
Main edifice, observatory, and all other buildings,..   -.. 400,308 48
Total real estate,.......   $440,308 48 
52                                         VASSAR COLLEGE.
Furniture and fixtures,........          $66,022 79
Library,..........            11,721 05
Art Gallery,..........          27,097 86
Apparatus of Instruction:
Mathematics and Physics,......  $5,380 00
Astronomy,........        8,io8 44
Anatomy and Physiology,.......   i,i68 35
Music,.........       11,000 00
25,658 41
Cabinets of Natural History:
Geology and Mineralogy,......~ $8,5oo oo
Zoo~logy and Botany,.....        4,367 41
Giraud Cabinet of Birds,.......   5,865 o0
-      18,732 41
$149,232 52
Other personal property,.......     225 00
Total personal property,.....  $149,457 52
Aggregate amount of unproductive property,......  $594,576 8o
2. PRODUCTIVE PROPERTY.
Founder's Funds:
Lecture Fund,........  $5o,ooo oo
-Au~iliary Fund,.....       50,000 00
Library, Art, and Cabinet Fund,......    50,0~ 00
Repair Fund,.......      125,000 00
-$275,000 00
Fox Scholarship,......    -...     6,ooo oo
Aggregate amount of productive property,......   $28I~0o0 oo
These funds are all invested in good securities, bearing interest at 7 per cent per annum.
Aggregate amount of unproductive and productive property,...  $875,576 8o
2.  IN 1875.
The following is an abstract of the Treasurer's Report to July 1, 1875.
The property owned by the College is embraced in the following schedules:
I. UNPRODUCTIVE PROPERTY.
REAL ESTATE.
College farm and farm buildings,.......   $5o.ooo oo
Main College building,.........   328,415 10
Museum building,.........    73,151 16
Laundry building,.........  13,609 83
Observatory buildin~.........     6,040  8~
Boiler-house and  gas-works,.........  37,410 46
Gate-lodge,..........     6,684 00
Total,..........  $515,311 40
FURNITURE ANb APPARATUS.
Furniture and fixtures,...-......   $67,122 8o
College Library,..........    13,370 74
Art Gallery,..........    31,805 86
-Musical Instruments,.........    12,100 00
Chemical, pbilosophical, anatomical, and mathematical apparatus,..     7,748 97
Astronomical apparatus,.........   8,308 44
Total,..........  $140,456 81 
VASSAR COLLEGE.                                          53
CABINETS.
Ornithology,...........  $6,615 00
Zoo" logy,...........      4,667 41
Geology and Mineralogy,...`.....   9,900 00
Total,..........   $21,182 41
Aggregate of unproductive property,....... $676,950 62
2. PRODUCTIVE PROPERTY.
The several funds established under the will of the founder, and the scholarship which has
been founded, are invested in good bank-stocks, first-mortgage bonds~'of dividend-paying railroads,
and first mortgages on real estate worth hvo or three times their value.
Amount invested in the above, $~~~,3~o-which is divided among the several funds as follows:
Lecture Fund,..`.......    $5o,ooo oo
Auxiliary Fund,..  -........  50,000 00
Library, Art, and Cabinet Fund,.......     50,000 00
Repair Fund,........... 119,350 00
Fox Memorial Scholarship,...`....      6,ooo oo
Aggregate of productive property,....`... $275,35b 00
Aggregate amount of unproductive and productive property,...   $952,300 62
PUBLICATIONS BY MEMBERS OF THE FACULTY.
By JOHN H. RAYMoND, LL. D., President and Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy:
"Perfect in One." Two articles in the Christian Review, Nos. XLVI., XLVIII., June and December, 1847.
"The Critics on Judas Iscariot."  Christian Review No. LXXXI., Art. 1., July, 1855.
"Roman Ofthoe"py."  Christian Review, No. CI., Art. V., July, 1860.
"God the Perpetual Renewer." A New-Year's Sermon. Poughkeepsie, 1865.
"Biographical Sketch of Matthew Vassar, the Founder of Vassar College."   Proceedings of the New-York
University Convocation, 1869.
"Matthew Vassar."  Gataxy, No. 52.  1869.
"The Sin of Judging." A Sermon. Angelica, 1870.
"Demand of the Age for a Liberal Education for women."  Proceedings of the National Baptist Educational Convention, 1870.
"Mission of Educated Women." A Baccalaureate Sermon.  1871.
"Duty of Improving our own Individuality." A Baccalaureate Sermon.  1875.
By TRUMAN J. BAcKUS, A.M., Professor of the English Language and Literature:
"A New History of English Literature, on the basis of Shaw's Manual." New-York, 1875.
By JAMES ORTON, A.M., Professor of Natural History:
"The Andes.and the Amazon; or, Across the Continent of South America."  Harper & Bros., 1870. Third edition,
revised and enlarged, 1876.
"Underground Treasures: How and Where to Find Them."  Dustin, Gilman & Co., 1872.
"The Liberal Education of Women, the Demand and the Method." Current Thoughts in America and England.
A. S. Barnes & Co., 1873.
"Four Years in Vassar College." An Address before the National Educational Association, Detroit, Mich., 1874.
"Comparative Zoo"logy, Structural and Systematic."  Harper & Bros., 1876.
By CHARLES J. HINKEL, PH.D., Professor of the Greek and I~atin Languages and Literature:
"De variis formis doctn'n~ moralis Peripateticorum." Marburgi Cattorum, 1839.
"Analysis des Begriff's`Geist.'" Leipzig, 1840.
"Deutsche Grammatik." Leipzig, 1841.
"Allgemeine Aesthetik."  Pforzheim, 1847.
"Contributions to Herzog's Cyclop~dia of Protestant Theology, Vol. 1.  Translated by Bomberger."  (See Altar,
Atheism, etc.)
"Papers on`A Liberal Education' and`The Study of Latin.'"  Proceedings of the New-York University Convocation of 1870 and 1873. 
54                                         VASSAR COLLEGE.
By FREDERICK Louis RITTER, Professor of Vocal and Instrumental Music:
"History of Music in the Form of Lectures."  Two Series.  First Series, Boston, 1870.  Second Series, Boston, 1874
By PROF. LE Rov C. COoLEY, PH.D., Professor of Physics and Chemistry.
"A Text-Book of Natural Philosophy," for High Schools and Academies.  New-York, i868.
"A Text-Book of Chemistry," for High Schools and Academies.  New-York, 1869.
"Elements of Natural Philosophy," for Common and High Schools.  New-York, 1872.
"Elements of Chemistry," for Common and High Schools.  New-York, 1873.
"Easy Experiments in Natural Philosophy and Chemistry," for Oral Instruction in Common Schools.  New-York,
1870.
"Electricity Applied to Registering Vibrations."  ~onr. Frank. Insi., 1869.
"On a Steady Air-Blast for Laboratory Purposes."  Ibid., 187o.
"On the Effect of Water in Motion on Gypsum."  Proc. Albany Inst., 1870.
"On a Blow-Pipe Assay with the Automatic Air-Blast."  7our. Frank. Inst., 1871.
"Report on the Progress of Chemistry."  Trans. Albany Insi., 1871.
"From Newton to Kirchoff" (Sketch of Spectrum Analysis).  Ibid., 1872.
"Convection Applied to the Detection of Heat."  ~oar. Frank. Insi., 1873.
"Convection Applied, etc.  Second Part."  Ibid., 1874.
"On the Theory of the Thermoscope."  Proc. Pou~kkec~sie Soc. Nat. Sci., 1875.
"On Apparent Repulsion by Heat in the Thermoscope.   Ibid., 1875.
"On the Mechanical Action of Radiation."  Trans. Albanyfnst., 1876.
STUDENTS' MAGAZINE.
T4c Vassar Af/scctia;iy is published quarterly.  It is edited by a committee consisting of three
members of the Senior class and two of the Junior.