ï~~PRACTICAL RECBIPT8.

19

Ointment of Opium.
Powdered opium, 1 pert; simple ointment, 25 parts. Mix.
Opium Plaster.
Diachylon, 2 pounds; thurids, 6 ounces; opium, 1 ounce; water, I poutd
Mix. Anodyne and soporific.
Purified Opium.
Take opium, pick it, and reduce it with water to the consistence of an
extract.
Strained Opium.
Opium, 3 parts; water, 2 parts. Reduce them to a paste, and press it
through a strainer.
Orangeade.
Sugar, 1 pound; tartaric acid, * ounce; essence of orange, 35 drops.
Rub together, then add water, 3 quarts.
Orange Brandy.
Sugar, 30 pounds; water, 26 gallons. Dissolve, then add proof-spirnt,
65 gallons; essence of orange, 3 ounces. Mix well.
To Escape from a Room or House on Fire.
Crawl out on your hands and knees. The smoke always fills the upper
part of the room first.
To Extinguish Fire.
Dissolve pearlash, soda, wood-ashes or common salt in the water, before
it is put into the engine, and direct the jet on the burning wood work.
The proportion may be twenty pounds to every fifty gallons; the more,
however, the better.
Filbert Ice Cream.
One quart of cream, one pound of nuts, and twelve ounces of sugar, or
one pint of syrup; break the nuts, and roast the kernels in the oven,
when done, pound them with a little cream, and make a custard; ther.
mix, and finish by freezing.
For Burnt Filbert Ice Cream, use the same preparations as in filbert ice;
put the kernels into the syrup, and boil till it comes to the blow; stir the
sugar with a spatula, that it may grain and adhere to the nuts; when cold,
pound them with the sugar quite fine; make a custard, and mix them with
it, allowing for the sugar that is used for the nuts; mix, and freeze.
To Prevent Haystacks Catching Fire.
If you suspect that the hay when stacked is not sufficiently dry, let a
few handfuls of common salt (well dried) be thrown between each layer.
This will absorb the moisture from the hay, and also conduce to the health
of the cattle which feed on it.
Fish Sauce.
Red wine, I gsllon; white wine, 3 pints; walnut catsup, 4 pints, an.
chovies, 2 pints; spice to relish. Boil, strain, and bottle.




ï~~'




ï~~ADVERTISEMENT.

IN preparing the following pages for the public, the
intention of the publishers has been to furnish, within
a small compass, and at a reasonable rate, a work comprehending the most recent discoveries of science, in a
form convenient for practical use. With this view,
the editor has drawn freely upon the most distinguished
and universally received Pharmacopoeias and Dictionaries of Science, including those of London and Edinburgh, as well as the most authentic works of the kind
published in this country. From all these sources he
has taken whatever could be of practical use to the
Manufacturer, the Tradesman, the Agriculturist, or the
Housekeeper. It is even hoped that the general reader,
debarred by the want of means or leisure from consulting the more voluminous and expensive works, may
draw both instruction and amusement from these pages.
No exertion has been spared to make the work as
comprehensive and accurate as possible. Many receipts
will be found in it that have never before appeared in
print in this country. Some idea may be formed of its
value in this latter respect, when it is stated that the
compiler has been;for many years engaged in collecting rare and valuable receipts from numerous languages
besides the English.




ï~~ADVERTISEMENT.

The apparent want of arrangement in the subjects is
fully compensated by the copious Index at the end;
and some advantages are derived from it, which could
not be so well obtained in a strictly regular arrangement.
Under its present form, the work will admit the addition of new matter from time to time, so as to enhance
the value of the whole, and to keep pace with the progress of general scientific discovery.
Care has been taken to avoid, as much as possible,
difficult technical terms, and so to simplify Jhe language that the general reader shall not be embarrassed
by expressions unfamiliar to any one ordinarily acquainted with his native tongue; and it is thus presented in the confident hope that it may prove, as intended, a work of practical utility.




ï~~WRIGHT'S AMERICAN
PRACTICAL RECEIPT-B00K.
Powder of Cassius.
By adding a little nitro-muriate of gold, to a fresh solution of muriate
f tir., both being much diluted with water, the gold will be precipitated ol
purple colour, forming that beautiful pigment called powder of Cassius.
Ring Worm,
May be, in most cases, simply cured by scratching around the outer su1,ace with the point of a sharp pin. The disease will not pass the line, if
the skin is thus cut.
Growth of Hair increased and Baldness prevented.
Take 4 ounces of castor oil, 8 do. good Jamaica rum, 30 drops oil of
lavender, or 10 do. oil of rose, anoint occasionally the head, shaking well
the bottle previously.
To prevent the Hair falling off.
Wash the head once a day with good old Jamaica rum.
s
Black Ink improved.
To a pint of common black ink add one drachm of impure carbonate
of potassa, and in a few minutes it will be a jet black. Be careful that
the ink does not run over, during the effervescence caused by the potassa.
To give Iron the colour of Copper.
Take 1 oz. of copper-plates, cleansed in the fire; 3 ozs. of aqua fortis;
dissolve the copper, and when it is cold use it by washing your iron with
it by the help of a feather; it is presently cleansed and smooth, and will
be of a copper colour; by much using or rubbing it will wear off, but may
be renewed by the same process.
A way of Gilding with Gold upon Silver.
Beat a ducat thin, and dissolve in it two ounces of aqua regia; dip
clean rags in it and let them dry; burn the rags, and, with the tinder
thereof, rub the silver with a little spittle; be sure first that the silver be
cleansed from grease.
10                                               (5)




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.
Grafting.
Melt beeswax and tallow together, stirring in a little chalk if handy;
while hot dip in some strips of rags; then tear them into strips suitable
to envelope the stock and scion. Let the stock and scion be so covered as
to prevent the escape of the sap or the introduction of water, and the work
is finished.
To make Copper into a Metal like Gold.
Distilled verdigris four ounces; Tutie Alexandrin m praeparate two
ounces; saltpetre one ounce; borax half an ounce; mix all together with
oil, till they be as thick as pap; then melt it in a crucible, and pour it into
a fire-shovel, first well warmed.
To make transparent Silver.
Refined silver, one ounce; dissolve it in two ounces of aqua fortis;
precipitate it with a pugil (a quantity that may be taken up between
the thumb and finger) of salt, then strain it through a paper, and the remainder melt in a crucible for about half an hour, and pour it out, and it
will be transparent.
To whiten Copper throughout.
Take thin plates of copper, as thin as, a knife, heat them six or seven
tunes, and quench them in water; then melt them, and to each pound add
4 ounces of saltpetre and 4 ounces of arsenic, well powdered and mixed,
and first melted apart in another crucible, by gentle degrees; then take
them out, and powder them; then take Venetian borax and white tartar,
of each an ounce and a half; then melt these, with the former powder,
in a crucible, and pour them out into some iron receiver; it will appear as
clear as crystal, and is called crystallinum fixum arsenicum. Of this
clear matter, broken into little pieces, throw into the melted copper (by
small pieces at a time, staying five or six minutes between each injection)
4 ounces; when all is thrown in, increase the fire, till all be well melted
together for a quarter of an hour; then pour it out into an ingot.
Ward's Paste for the Piles.
Powder of elecampane 4 ounces; black pepper 4 ounces; fennel se.d
6 ounces; honey 8 ounces; sugar 8 ounces; mix and take a spoontul
two or three times a day.
Ward's White Drops.
Bichloride of mercury 90 grains; hydrochloric acid 10 drachms; and
water 24 ounces. Dissolve.
Wash Balls, No. 1.
White soap 4 pounds; white pipe-clay 4 pounds; and Scotch soda
half a pound; mix with water, perfume and form to taste.
Wash Balls, No. 2.
Take white soap 7 pounds; pearlash 6 ounces; orris powder 8 ounces;
oergamot 1 ounce; oil of lavender half an ounce; cassia oil quarter of
an ounce; oil of cloves 1 drachm; caraway half a drachm; mix with
water to a paste, and finish to taste.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.                           7
Watchmaker's Oil, which never corrodes or thickens.
rake olive oil and put it into a bottle, then insert coils of thin sheet;ead. Expose it to the sun for a few weeks, and pour off the clear
Water Colour Cakes.
1st. Take th- colours and grind them to a proper consistence with gum
water, then mould. 2d. Isinglass 1 ounce; water 10 ounces; as before.
Varnish for Water Colour Drawings.
Take Canada balsam 1 part; oil of turpentine 2 parts, mixed; size the
drawing before you apply the varnish.
Vanilla Chocolate.
Ten pounds of prepared nuts, ten pounds of sugar, vanilla two ounces
and a half, cinnamon one ounce, one drachm of mace, and two drachms
of cloves; or the vanilla may be used solely.
Having prepared the nuts by carefully heating them over a moderate
fire in an open iron vessel, stirring them until the skins begin to separate,
remove them from the fire for the purpose of thoroughly winnowing them,
when they must be replaced over the fire, and very lightly scorched. Then
pounding them in a heated iron mortar until they are reduced to an oily
paste, into which the pestle will sink by its own weight, cut the vanilla in
small bits, pound it fine with part of the sugar, and mix it with the paste;
boil about one-half of the sugar before you add it; and pour into moulds.
Waffles.
Milk, 1 quart; eggs, 5; flour, 14 pound; butter, 2 pound; yeast, 1
spoonful. When baked, sift sugar and powdered cassia on them.
To choose Water for Brewing.
Use soft water, or if it cannot be procured, expose hard water in the
coolers to the air for two or three days, and throw a handful of soda into
each hogshead.
Potter's Patent Water-proof Cloth.
Isinglass, alum, soap, equal parts; water sufficient. Dissolve each separately, and mix the solution, with which imbue the cloth on the wrong
side; dry and brush the cloth well, first with a dry brush, and afterwards
(lightly) with a brush dipped in water.
Wainscot Varnish.
Gum anime, 32 parts; pale oil, 100 parts; litharge (in powder), 1 part;
sugar of lead (in powder), 1 part; boil, until stringy, then cool a little,
and add spirits of turpentine, 170 parts. Mix well and strain.
To hasten the ripening of Wall Fruit.
Paint the wall black.
Walnut Catsup.
VWalnut-shell juice, 3 gallons; salt, 7 pounds; ginger, B ounces; shal.
lots, 8 ounces; garlic, 8 ounces; horse-radish, 8 ounces, essence of an
chovies, 1 quart. Mix.




ï~~ PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.
To Pickle White Walnuts.
Pare them, until the white appears, then simmer for ten minutes in salt
and water, drain, and put them into the bottles with a little mace and sliced
nutmeg; lastly, pour on the vinegar (hot) and cork immediately.
Walnut Wine.
Honey, 100 pounds; water 30 gallons; walnut liquor, 1 gallon; ferment, hnd add spirit, 2 gallons; cream of tartar, 8 ounces.
To make fine Black Writing Ink.
Take 2 gallons of a strong decoction of logwood, well strained, and then
add 1   pounds blue galls in coarse powder; 6 ounces sulphate of iron;
ounce acetate of copper; 6 ounces well ground sugar; and 12 ounces
gum arabic. Set the above on the fire until it begins to boil, then set it
away until it has required the desired black.
Red Ink for Writing.
Boil over a slow fire 4 ounces of Brazil-wood, in small raspings or chips,
in a quart of water, till a third part of the water is evaporated. Add during the boiling, 2 drachms of alum in powder. When the mink is cold,
steam it through a fine cloth. Vinegar or stale urine is often used instead
of water. In case of using water, adding a very small quantity of salammoniac would improve this ink.
Blue Ink.
Take sulphate of indigo, dilute it with water till it produces the colour
required. It is with sulphate very largely diluted, that the faint blue lines
of ledgers and other account books are ruled. If the ink were used strong,
it would be necessary to add chalk to it to neutralize the acid. The sul-,hate of indigo may be had of the woollen dyers.
Fire and Water-proof Cement.
To half a pint of milk put an equal quantity of vinegar, in order to
curdle it; then separate the curd from the whey, and mix the whey with
four or five eggs, beating the whole well together. When it is well mixed,
add a little quicklime through a sieve, until it has acquired the consistence
of a thick paste. With this broken vessels may be united. It resists water, and, in a measure, fire.
To Whiten Beeswax.
In March or April melt yellow-wax without boiling; then having several pewter dishes ready, dip the outside bottom of each dish in fair water;
then dip them into the wax, and take up a very thin plate of wax, the
thinner the better: take them off, and expose them upon the grass to the
sun, air, and dews, until they be milk-white, turning them often. Try
some of them by sprinkling water on them with a cloth. Query, whether
white lead may not in this way be made with very thin plates.
Yellow Wash.
Lime-water, 1 pound; bichloride of mercury, 40 grains. Rub together,
6hake the bottle before use. Used for syphilitic ulcers.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.
Treatment of Acute Rheumatism with Large Doses of the Nitrate
of Potass.
Dr. Brocklesby seems to have been the first to point out the curative
efficacy of saltpetre in the treatment of acute articular rheumatism. In
his economical and medical observations, published in 1764, he has ex.
plained the practice which he found to be most useful. After taking a free
bleeding from the arm, when the patient is young and robust, he orders a
very copious allowance of warm gruel, in which from one to two drachms
of the salt have been dissolved; the patient is to take large draughts of this
drink at short intervals. He has given as much as from six to ten drachms
of the nitrate, dissolved in from three to six quarts of the gruel, during the
course of twenty-four hours. This mode of treatment rarely fails in producing a great relief of all the symptoms in two or three days: and very
often a complete cure of the disease is effected, without having recourse to
any other mode of treatment, within a week from commencing the treatment. The nitred diluent usually causes very profuse perspiration, and
generally also acts upon the bowels; if it does not, an aperient enema
should be given occasionally.
It is to be observed that Dr. Brocklesby's remarks are drawn from practice
in military hospitals, where the patients are usually robust and healthy.
In 1772, Dr. Macbride, in his introduction to the theory and practice
of medicine, recommended the same mode of treatment. Two years later
Dr. William White (Observations on the use of Antimonial Preparations)
makes the following remarks on the effects of large doses of saltpetre:
", The employment of this salt, after bloodletting, is very useful in the
treatment of acute rheumatism; but it must be given to the extent of an
ounce in the twenty-four hours, if the vascular irritation be considerable;
small doses are of little service. In many cases of chronic rheumatism
also, it is of great efficacy. Administered in the dose of from one ounce to
an ounce and a half in twenty-four hours, it often cures the most severe
cases of the disease, which may have resisted every other mode of treatment."
The use of the nitrate, notwithstanding such decided recommendations,
fell into neglect, and although noticed by M. Bosquillon in his translation
of Cullen, was not till 1832 when it was again brought to notice by M.
Gendrin. One of his internes at the Beaujon Hospital, M. Aran, has
brought together the reports of a dozen of cases treated with the nitrate of
potash in full doses, dissolved in copious draughts of a mild demulcent
diluent, very nearly according to the directions of Dr. Brocklesby. The
dose of the salt varied from four to eight or ten drachms in the course of
the twenty-four hours. The average duration of the treatment seems to
have been about a week. In many of the cases there were well marked
symptoms indicating disease of the heart: these symptoms usually subsided with the suffering in the joints.
The modus operandi of the remedy was usually as a powerful diuretic
and diaphoretic: occasionally too it acted on the bowels.
Another for Rheumatismp.
One of the most generally useful of all remedies, in a large proportion
of rheumatic cases, is the mistura guaiaci of the London Pharmacopeia -




ï~~10

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

and it is observed that it is usually most beneficial when it acts on the
bowels and kidneys. The vinum colchici, or the Dover's powder, may
often be added with much advantage to it. Moderate bloodletting, and the
exhibition of calomel at bed time, with or without opium, should seldom be
neglected at the same time.
Burnt Rhubarb in Diarrhoea.
It may be useful to know the value of burnt rhubarb in diarrhoea. It is
more serviceable in the diarrhoea, attendant on the last stage of consumption, than the chalk-mixture and opium, or any other of the usual remedies.
It has been used, with the same pleasing effects, for more than twenty
years, in incidental diarrhoeas. After one or two doses, the pains quickly
subside, and the bowels return to their natural state. The dose is from five
to ten grains.
The manner of preparing it is to burn the rhubarb powder in an iron
crucible, stirring it until it is blackened; then smother it in a covered jar.
It loses two-thirds of its weight by the incineration. It is nearly tasteless. In no one case where it has been given has it failed. It may be
given in port-wine, milk, and water.
Improved Method of Preparing Vinum Ferri.
Take of the best hock, one pint; common rust of iron of the shops,
well levigated, two ounces. Introduce both into a matrass, which plunge
into a water bath maintained at the temperature of 1000. Constantly
agitate the matrass for an hour; then remove it from the water, and the
next day filter. The colour of this vinum ferri is a very deep greenish
brown, almost black when the volume is great: its taste is ferruginous,
agreeably and highly vinous; it produces a pleasant warmth in the stomach, and never sickens. In its effects it must be tonic, diuretic, emmenagogue, anthelmintic, and carminative. It does not, in a moderate dose,
excite.
No other wine than hock will afford a preparation possessing these virtues. The dose for an adult may be three or four drachms thrice a day;
in smaller doses it is of little use. If it is to be exhibited in combination
with a bitter, it agrees well with colombo or gentian.
By this method, in one day, we obtain a far better preparation than is
procurable by the processes of the pharmacopoeias in two months. The
iron exists in it, chiefly in the state of protoxide.
The Celebrated Brilliant French Varnish for Boots and Shoes
Take & of a pint spirit of wine; 5 pints white wine;   lb. gum senegal
in powder; 6 oz. loaf sugar; 2 oz. powdered galls; 4 oz. green copperas.
Dissolve the sugar and gum in the wine. When dissolved, strain; then
put it on a slow fire, being careful not to let boil. In this state put in the
galls, copperas, and the alcohol, stirring it well for five minutes. Then
set off, and when nearly cool, strain through'flannel, and bottle for use. It
is applied with a pencil brush.
Note.-If not sufficiently black, a little sulphate of iron and ' pint of a
strong decoction of logwood may be added, with iJ -oz. pearlash.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS

11

Liquid Japan, for Boots and Shoes, Harness, 4-c.
Take treacle, 8 parts; lampblack, 1 part; sweet oil, 1 part: gum ara
bic, 1 part; isinglass, 1 part. Mix well in 32 pats of water. Apply heat
when cool, add one ounce of spirit of wine. You may add an ox's gall
Place the bottle by the side of the fire before use, and apply with the tip
of the finger or a sponge.
Liquid Sulphuretted Hydrogen.
Take sulphuret of iron, 1 part; dilute sulphuric acid, 3 parts. Pass the
gas into a bladder or bag, then fasten it into the neck of a bottle quarter
filled with water; agitate for ten minutes, applying pressure to the bag.
Keep it in well-stopped bottles.
Liquodilla.
Take the peels of oranges and lemons, each, I dozen; steep them in
spirit (brandy or rum), 3 gallons, for 3 days. Then add water, 2 gallons;
sugar, 8 pounds. Mix and filter.
Liquorice Lozenges.
1. Take extract of liquorice, I pound; powdered white sugar, 2 pounds.
Mix with mucilage made with rose-water.
2. Take lump sugar, 100 parts; liquorice, 150 parts; powdered starch,
40 parts; mucilage, to mix.
Liquor Opii Sedativus.
Take opium, 4 parts; soft water, 15 parts; verjuice, I part; spirit of
wine, 1 part. Rub together in a mortar; then let them stand in a close
corked bottle for ten days, and filter.
Litharge Plaster.
1. Take litharge, 5 parts; sweet oil, 13 parts; water, 3 parts. Mix.
This is an excellent defensive plaster, and will stick well: it is particularly useful to repel the milk in women weaning children.
2. Take litharge, 35 parts; sweet oil, 63 parts; water, 18 parts. Mix.
Litharge Plaster with Gum.
Take simple diachylon, 32 parts; galbanum (reduced), 6 parts; thuris,
I part; turpentine, 1 part. Mix.
Livers of Sulphur.
Take sulphur, I part; pearlash, 3 parts. Melt in a covered vessel.
Liquid Livers of Sulphur.
Take flowers of sulphur, 1 part; strong potass ley, 20 parts. Boil for a
few minutes, filter, and keep it from the air.
Blue Litmus Paper.
Steep the paper in a decoction of litmus, and dry.
Reddened Litmus Paper.
Take common litmus paper, and brush it over with dilute acetic acid




ï~~12

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Liquor of Libavius.
Take solution of muriate of tin, and transmit chlorine gas through it
until saturated.
To manage Lisbon Wine.
If too dry, add calcavella; if too mild, add malaga sherry. Fine with
white of eggs.
Lithographic Crayons.
1. Take white wax, 4 parts; gum lac, 2 parts. Melt over a gentle fire,
then add dry tallow soap in shavings, 2 parts. Stir until dissolved. Next
add white tallow, 2 parts; copal varnish, 1 part; lamphlack, I part. Mix
well, and continue the heat and stirring until, on trial by cooling a little, it
appears of a proper quality, which should be that it will bear cutting to a
fine point, and trace delicate lines without breaking.
2. Take dry white tallow soap, 6 parts; white wax, 6 parts; lampblack,
I part. Fuse in a covered vessel.
3. Take lampblack, 1 part; tallow soap, 2 parts; shell lac, 2 partswax, 4 parts. Mix, with heat, and mould.
4, Take dried tallow soap, 5 parts; wax, 4 parts; lampblack, 1 part.
Mix as before.
Lithographic Ink.
1. Take Venice turpentine, 1 part; lampblack, 2 parts; tallow, 6 parts;
hard tallow soap, 6 parts; mastic in tears, 8 parts; shell lac, 12 parts;
wax, 16 parts. Melt and pour it out on a slab.
2. Take dry tallow soap, 5 parts; mastic in tears, 5 parts; Scotch
soda, 5 parts; shell lac, 25 parts; lampblack, 2 parts. Fuse the soap and
lac, then add the remainder.
For use this ink must be rubbed down with water, in a saucer (warmed),
until an emulsion is formed of a proper consistence to flow easily from a
pen or pencil.
S     To check an immoderate Flow of the Menses.
1. Take infusion of roses, 8 ounces; laudanum, 50 drops. Dose; two
table-spoonfuls, three times a day.
2. Take tincture of ergot, 1 ounce; liquor of ammonia, 3 drachms
Mix. Dose; one tea-spoonful in water, three times a day.
3. Take tincture of iron, 1 drachm; water, 1 ounce. Dose; a tablespoonful, three or four times a day.
Pills to promote the Menstrual Secretion.
1. Take pills of aloes and myrrh, 1 drachm; compound iron pills, 70
grains. Mix and form into twenty-five pills. Dose; two, twice a day.
2. Take compound galbanum pill, 1 drachm; socotrine aloes, I drochm.
Mix. As above.
Pills for obstructed Menstruation.
Take sulphate of iron, 30 grains; potassa (subcarb.), 30 grains; white
sugar, 30 grains; myrrh, I drachm. Make them into 3A grain pills; two
to be taken three times a day, when there is no fever present.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

13

Another, for same purpose.
Take pulv. myrrhe, 1 drachm; pulv. rhei, 1 drachm; aloes spie. ext.,
I scruple; anthemid, 2 drachms; syrup to mix. Divide into moderate
sized pills, and take two or three, or as many as will produce two or three
healthy motions daily.
Pills for painful Menstruation.
Take pulv. rhei, 1 drachm; pulv. jalap. 1 drachm; pulv. opii, 1 drachm;
syrup of poppies to mix. Divide into 100 pills, and take one night and
morning.
Mercurial Liniment.
Take camphor, 1 ounce; powder it by using a little alcohol, then add,
lard, 4 ounces; strong mercurial ointment, 4 ounces; liquor of ammonia,
4 ounces. Mix.
Mild Mercurial Ointment.
Take quicksilver, 1 pound; suet, 2 pounds; lard, 5 pounds. Mix, by
patient rubbing. Used to kill insects on the body.
Strong Mercurial Ointment.
Take quicksilver, 6 pounds; lard, 8 pounds; suet, 4 pounds. Kill the
silver with the suet by friction in a mortar, then add the lard. Used as a
dissolvent or alterative, in syphilis, by rubbing in, once a day, from one to
three scruples.
Mercurial Plaster.
1. Take quicksilver, 1 pound; liquid storax, 2 ounces; turpentine, 2
ounces. Kill the silver, then add diachylon, 2 pounds; gum ammoniac, 1
pound; sulphate of zinc, 1 ounce. Mix, with heat.
2. Take balsam of sulphur, I part; quicksilver, 25 parts: diachylon,
140 parts. Mix the balsam and silver together, and rub them until thoroughly mixed, then add the diachylon previously melted.
3. Take quicksilver, 1 pound; turpentine, 2 ounces. Kill the silver by
rubbing in a mortar, then add diachylon, 1 pound; yellow resin, 12
ounces; sweet oil, 12 ounces. Mix, with heat.
Cerate of Mercury.
Take yellow wax, 1 pound; lard, 1 pound. Melt; and, when nearly
cc, d, pour them into a mortar, and add quicksilver, 8 ounces; milk of sulphttr, 4 drachms. Mix well.
Ointment of Protoxide of Mercury.
Take protoxide of mercury, 4 ounces, lard, 12 ounces. Mix.
Chaudet's Metal for Medals.
Take copper, 100 parts; tin, 4.17. Cast in moulds formed of cupel
bone-ash.
Paste for cleaning Metals.
Take oxalic acid, 1 part; rotten stone, 6 parts. Mix with equal parts of
train oil and spirits of turpentine to a paste.
2




ï~~14

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Issue Plaster.
1. Take diachylon, 2 pounds; orris powder, 2 ounces. Mix with heat
spread, and polish.
2. Take diachylon, 1 pound; Burgundy pitch, 2 ounces; sarcocoll, I
ounce; turpentine, 1 ounce. Melt and spread.
Italian Varnish.
Take yellow resin, 4 pounds; turpentine, 1 gallon. Dissolve.
Lotion for Itching Chilblains.
Take hydrochloric acid, 1 part; water, 8 parts. Mix. Apply on going
iW bed. This must not be used if the skin is broken.
Itch Lotion.
Take a solution of chloride of lime, or a weak solution of bichloride of
mercury, for this purpose. Both these articles possess the advantage of being free from smell, and are very efficacious.
Itch Ointment.
1. Take lard, 1 pound; suet, 1 pound; sugar of lead, 8 ounces; vermilion, 2 ounces. Mix. Scent with a little bergamot.
2. Take bichloride of mercury, 1 ounce; lard, 1 pound; suet, 1 pound
hydrochloric acid, 11 ounce. Melt and well mix, and when perfectly cold,
stir in essence of lemon, 4 drachms; essence of bergamot, 1 drachm.
3. Take powdered chloride of lime, 1 ounce; lard, 1 pound. Mix well,
then add essence of lemon, 2 drachms.
4. Take bichloride of mercury, 1 part; lard, 15 parts. Mix well together.
5. Take white precipitate, 1 part; lard, 12 parts. Mix.
A portion of either of these ointments must be well rubbed on the parts
affected, night and morning.
Jumbles.
Take flour, 1 2 pound; sugar, 1 pound; butter, J pound; four yolks
and two whites of eggs; rose-water, one wine-glassful. Roll thin with
fine powdered sugar, and bake on tins.
Juniper Berry Wine.
Take berries, 3 pounds: water, 25 gallons; honey 26 pounds; raisins,
26 pounds; red tartar, 4 ounces; cardamons, 2 ounces; cassia, 2 ounces;
caraways, 1 ounce; ginger, 1 ounce. Boil and ferment, then add spirit, 3
gallons.
Juniper Water.
Take juniper berries, 56 pounds; water, 69 gallons.  Distil off 65
gallons.
Powell's Diuretic Drops.
Take oil of juniper, 1 part; alcohol, 5 parts. Mix. Dose; a tea-spoonful, in any warm liquid, twice a day. By simply placing these together in,
a bottle, and shaking them repeatedly during two or three days, the alconol will retain the oil in solution.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

15

The Roman Pomade.
Take apples of a good smell, pare and core them, and cut each into six
pieces; then take hog's grease of the bowels, which has not been melted,
wash it in orange and citron flower water aa; then add cloves, cinnamon,
galinga, ligni santali aa 3j.; ligni rosarum, sassafras, violarum radicum,
Benjamin, storax calamita aa 3j.; chop all into small pieces, and mingle
them with the apples and the lard; pour over all rose-water a finger high,
and let it boil on a gentle fire till all the moisture be gone; then strain it
whilst hot through a cloth, and afterwards mix therewith six ounces of
white wax melted, and well-stirred together; this must be done in a new
earthen pot, and while you are stirring it, yet hot, pour in one after another of oil of cinnamon, of citrons, oranges, roses, and jasmine, aa six
drops.
To Perfume Clothes.
Take dried red roses, and, to increase their smell, pour on them fresh
rose-water, and still drying between in the shade; then take cloves, cinnamon, spikenard seed, storax, calamita, benjamin, violet roots, nutmegs aa
3iij. to a pound of roses; beat them all into small pieces, and mix them
with the roses, and put them into perfuming bags.
To Marble a Globe Glass.
Grind well on a stone, minium for red, turmeric, or rather cerussa citrina, for yellow, smalt for blue, verdigris for green, ceruse, or chalk, for
white. Work each in oil separate, and with a hog's hair pencil, single or
mixed, as you think fit, scatter the same into the glass, and roll it, or dispose the colours, as you like. Then, last of all, fling a little mead amongst
them, which covers all. For the Magic Lanthorn, paint the glasses with
transparent colours, tempered with oil of spike.
To gild Carps, Crawfish, f-c.
Warm an earthen pot, till it receive as much white pitch as will stick
round it within; then strew finely-powdered amber over the white pitch;
when it is growing cold, pour into it oleum lini, 3 pounds; oleum terebinth, 1 pound, well mixed together. Close up all, and boil them an hour
on a gentle fire. This is a varnish. Grind some of this on a painter's
stone, throwing to it fine powder of pumice-stone, till it be as thick as
ordinary paint; then take a live carp, or crawfish, out of the water, and
dry it well with a linen cloth; then daub it over with this paint, it will
presently dry, before which spread your leaf gold, and gently press it with
a soft dry cloth, and then you may let it go into the water. For the more
this varnish is in the water, the harder it dries and grows, and does the
fish no hurt.
Cure for Headaches.
Liquor of ammonia (Qy. the strength?), 100 parts; distilled water, 900
parts; purified marine salt, 20 parts; camphor, 2 parts; essence of rose
or some other scent, in the necessary proportion. The whole dissolved
cold. A piece of linen is to be steeped in this solution and applied over
the part of the head that the patient points out as the seat of pain, taking
care. if it is on the forehead, to apply a thick bandage over the eyebrows,
to prevent any drops of the fluid passing into the eyes.




ï~~16

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Twenty-Five Experimental Receipts on Colours.
I.
Pour boiling water upon a little red cabbage sliced, and when cold de
cant the clear infusion. Divide the infusion into three wine-glasses. Ta
one add a solution of alum, to the second a little solution of potash, and
to the third a few drops of muriatic acid. The liquor in the first glass
will assume a purple, the second a bright green, and the third a beautiful
crimson. Here is an instance of three different colours from the same vegetable infusion, merely by the addition of three colourless fluids.
II.
Prepare a little tincture of litmus. Its colour will be a bright blue with
a tinge of purple. Put a little of it in a phial, and add a few drops of
diluted muriatic acid; its colour will change to a vivid red. Add a little
solution of potash; the red will now disappear, and the blue will be restored. By these means, the liquor may be changed alternately from a
red to a blue, and from a blue to a red, at pleasure. An instance of the
effects of acids and alkalies in changing vegetable colours.
III.
Make an infusion of red roses, violets, or mallow flowers; treat it with
solution of potash, and it will become green; the addition of diluted muriatic acid will convert it immediately to a red. This experiment may be
as frequently varied as the last, and furnishes an excellent test for acids
and alkalies.
IV.
Add a drop or two of solution of potash to tincture of turmeric. This
will change its original bright yellow colour to a dark brown: a little colourless diluted acid will restore it. By this tincture we can detect the
most minute portion of any alkali in solution.
V.
Into a wine-glass of water put a few drops of prussiate of potash, and a
little dilute solution of sulphate of iron into another glass; by pouring
these two colourless fluids together, a bright deep blue colour will be immediately produced, which is the true prussian blue.
VI.
Put some prussiate of potash into one glass; into another a little nitrate
of bismuth. On mixing these colourless fluids a yellow will be the produc,
VII.
Pour a little prussiate of potash into a glass containing a colourless solution of sulphate of copper, and a reddish brown will be produced teing
a true prussiate of copper.
- VIII.
Pour a little tincture of litmus into a wine-glass, and into another some
diluted sulphate of indigo; pour these two blue fluids together, and the
mixture will become perfectly red.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

17

IX.
Prepare a phial with pure water and a little tincture of galls; and another with a weak solution of sulphate of iron; then mix these transpa.
rent colourless fluids together, and they will instantly become black.
X.
Drop as much sulphate of copper into water as will form a colourless
solution: then add a little ammonia, equally colourless, and an intense blue
colour will arise from the mixture.
XI.
Take water holding carbonate of iron in solution, and add some diluted
prussiate of potash: prussian blue will be formed by the mixture.
XII.
Take some of the same water as that used in the last experiment; boil
it, and now add prussiate of potash. In this case no colour will be produced.
XIII.
Take some water impregnated with carbonic acid, and add to it a little
blue tincture of litmus. The whole will be changed to a red.
XIV.
Take some of the same carbonated water and boil it. Then add a little
tincture of litmus, and the blue colour will experience no change.
XV.
Take some of the black liquid described in Experiment IX., add by degrees muriatic acid to it, and the colour will be discharged. Now drop in
a little solution of potash, and the black colour will be restored. Some
nicety is requisite in adding the acid and alkali: for if they be given in
excess the effects will not be so apparent.
XVI.
Take the blue solution formed by the Experiment No. X., and a little
sulphuric acid, and the colour will disappear; pour in a little solution of
caustic ammonia, and the blue colour will be restored. Thus may the
iiquor be alternately changed at pleasure.
XVII.
If a spoonful of good alcohol and a little boracic*acid be stirred together
in a tea-cup, and then set on fire, they will produce a very beautiful green
flame.
XVIII.
If alcohol be inflamed in like manner with a little pure strontites min
powder, or any of its salts, the mixture will give a carmine flame.
XIX.
If barytes be used instead of strontites, we shall have a brilliant yellow
flame.




ï~~t8                 PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.
XX.
If alcohol contains muriate of magnesia, it has the property of burning
with a reddish yellow flame.
XXI.
Evaporate to dryness a solution of gold, made with nitro-muriatic acid,
and dissolve the crystals in a sufficiency of pure water to prevent the crystallization of the metallic salt. Thoroughly moisten a little magnesia with
this aqueous solution, and place the mixture in the sun's rays. A change
of colour will soon be apparent. It will first take a faint violet hue, and
in a few hours the whole will have acquired a very deep purple.
XXII.
Moisten a little magnesia with some of the solution as before, and then
dry the mixture in the dark. If it be then submitted to the action of the
sun's rays, it will acquire only a faint violet, even by several hours' exposure.
XXIII.
If the mixture employed in the last experiment be now thoroughly wetted with pure water, and again placed within the rays of the sun, its colour will rapidly change, and it will acquire a deep purple approaching to
crimson.
XXIV.
Moisten a piece of white riband with the aqueous solution of gold, and
dry it thoroughly in the dark: then suspend it in a clean, dry, transparent
phial, and cork it close with a dry cork. Expose the riband, thus secured,
to the strong light of a bright sun, f6r half an hour, and only a faint appearance of change of colour will be perceived.
XXV.
Now take the riband out of the phial that was employed in the last experiment, and wet it well with distilled water. If it be now exposed to
the sun's rays, it will instantly change colour, and will quickly be stained
of an indelible purple.
Ink Powder.
Infuse a half pound of galls powdered, and 12 ounces of pomegranate
peels in half a gallon of soft water for a week, in a gentle heat, and then
strain off the fluid through a cloth. After which, add to it 4 ounces of
vitriol dissolved in a pint of water, and let them remain for a day or two,
preparing in the mean time a decoction of logwood, by boiling half a
pound of the chips in half a gallon of water, till one-third be evaporated,
and then straining the remaining fluid while it is hot. Mix the decoction
and the solution of galls and vitriol together, and add 2  ounces of Qumarabic, or the whitest of gum-senegal, and then evaporate the mixture over
a common fire to 1 quart, when the remainder must be put into a propel
vessel, and reduced to dryness, by placing it in a sufficiently warm place,
o letting it hang in boiling water. After the whole of the liquid is evaporated, the residue must be well powdered. When wanted for use, all that
to needed, is to dissolve the powder in water.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

15

On the Treatment of Worms... Ascarides.-Aperient medicines, although they are not to be trusted
to alone for the removal of theke worms, are generally necessary. Strong
Arastic purgatives should be avoided. Rhubarb and aloes, with the addition
of a small portion of some mercurial, may be given over night, and in the
morning a draught of Epsom salts in a bitter infusion will be found to add
to their efficacy. Instead of administering much medicine by the mouth,
it is better to use enemata frequently. Common table salt, the muriate of
soda, dissolved in chamomile or wormwood tea, to which some oil may be
added, will often succeed admirably well. The sulphuret of potash may
be used in the same way, or aloes dissolved in milk.
The tincture of the muriate of iron in water has been highly recom.
nmended by some writers; by others lime-water is much esteemed.
M. Martinet advises that three different kinds of enemata should be administered, one after the other, at short intervals; first, a common purgative injection to evacuate the bowels; then one to kill the worms and
bring them away, consisting of common salt, or of vinegar with some
bitter infusion; and lastly, an emollient oily one to soothe the irritation
of the gut.
Biemser recommends an enema, consisting of the infusions of absinth,
tansy, orange-peel, and valerian with a small portion of the empyreumatic
oil of hartshorn, immediately after each alvine evacuation, as it is more
likely then to be retained, and as it will also come more immediately in
contact with the animalculae.
Injections either of cold water, or of a few ounces of olive oil, to which
several drops of laudanum or of hydrocyanic acid may be added, will
generally relieve the irritation of the anus, which is often so distressing a
symptom.
By some of these means, the worms may almost always be dislodged and
removed. To prevent their reproduction, it is necessary that the use of a
tonic aperient be continued for a considerable time. Pills, containing rhubarb, aloes, myrrh, and sulphate of iron, will answer very well in a number
of cases.
A powder, consisting of rhubarb, worm seed (semina santonici) and carbonate of soda, is well suited for children. The patient should be recommended to use a good deal of salt with his food; and vegetables and fruit
should on the whole be abstained from.
2. Lumbrici.-Stronger purgatives are necessary for the expulsion of
tiese worms than of the ascarides. A powder, containing calomel, jalap,
and rhubarb, is perhaps as good a formula as can be adopted. Rosenstein
has recommended a combination of sulphate of iron, jalap, and wormseed
powder and sugar, to be taken for three mornings successively; while
Stork's favourite remedy was an electuary composed of sal polychrest,
jalap, and valerian, a drachm of each, and four ounces of oxymel of squills
-in doses of half an ounce three or four times a (lay to an adult.
Bremser tells us that he derived great benefit from a combination of
wormseed, tansy, valerian, jalap, and sulphate of potash-an excellent
formula, if the compound was not so nauseous. When the worms are




ï~~20

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

expelled, he recommends a mixture containing tincture of aloes, steel, and
elixir of vitriol.
The cowage (dolichos pruriens,) granulated tin, and steel filings have
occasionally been used, made into an electuary with syrup or treacle, with
advantage; but of late years they have generally been supbrseded by
other remedies. A combination of carbonate of iron, powdered wormseed,
and scammony makes a good formula. Equal parts of infusion of senna
and of the infusion of the spigelia, or of the decoction of.pomegranate
bark, may be taken at the same time with benefit.
We have not yet alluded to two of the most powerful anthelmintic purgatives, viz: croton oil, and the spirit of turpentine. The former has the
great advantage of being so easily administered; even the external application of a few drops, rubbed on the abdomen, will occasionally succeed in
dislodging the worms. The turpentine may be either given by the mouth
or administered in an enema; the oil may be suspended by means of gum
arabic in milk or gruel.
Common table salt has been highly recommended against lumbrici by
the late celebrated physician, Dr. Rush of Philadelphia, in doses of half a
drachm every morning before breakfast for a length of time. A glassful
of sea water may be usefully substituted.
The tolerably free use of somewhat salted meat for food, at the same
time avoid fruits and vegetables, has often been observed to be attended
with much benefit to persons subject to worms.
Friction of the abdomen with some liniment containing turpentine, oxgall, absinth, aloes, and such like medicines, or the application of a plaster
containing assafcetida galbanum, camphor, rue, &c., are certainly some
times useful.
3. Tania.-The spirit of turpentine has of late years almost quite
superseded every other remedy for the expulsion of this kind of intestinal
worm. In administering it, the physician must be especially attentive to
secure its purgative action; otherwise the urinary organs are apt to suffer
from excessive irritation. For this purpose the patient should always be
instructed to take a full dose of castor oil, or of some other certain aperient,
in the course of an hour or two after the turpentine has been swallowed,
if the latter has not already acted on the bowels.
It is well known to cause in many instances vertigo and great disturbance of the head, amounting sometimes to a state of complete intoxication;
but these symptoms will gradually subside. The essence of lemons is
perhaps the best disguiser of the unpleasant taste of terebinthinate medicines. Chewing a piece of orange-peel immediately afterwards will often
relieve the nausea.
The pomegranate bark, either in the form of powder or of a strong decoction, has been successfully used by several medical men. One or two
scruples of the powder in a wine-glassful of cold water is to be repeated
every hour to the fourth, fifth, or sixth dose. If the worm is not expelled,
the same medication is to be repeated on the following day. The decoction
is the form in which it is generally used by the French physicians; it is
prepared by boiling two ounces of the bark in a pint of water; a wineglassful is to be taken every half hour or so, till half the pint is swallo ved




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS                             5
it is well to follow it up with a purgative, in case it does not act on the
nowels.
Most of the remedies, which we have alluded to as useful against lurmbrici, have been employed by different practitioners against tape-worms.
A combination of tin filings, fern root, wormseed, scammony, gamboge,
and sal polychrest, is a favourite remedy in some parts of Germany. Should
the worm be partially extruded from the gut after a stool, the patient should
continue to sit over the mnight-table, and swallow repeated doses of a solu.
tion of Epsom salts, or of any quickly-acting aperient, to induce further
evacuations until the entire worm be expelled. Any attempts to pull it out
with the fingers, or by affixing a portion of thread or tape to it, will almost
always fail.
4. A course of vegetable and metallic tonics, with the addition of gentle
aperients, should be continued for a length of time. The best are pills
composed of aloes, rhubarb, and steel, along with some mucilage.
To dissolve Copal in Spirits of Turpentine.
Reduce two ounces of copal to small pieces, and put them into a proper
vessel. Mix a pint of the best spirits of turpentine with one-eighth of
spirits of sal ammoniac; shake them well together, put them to the copal,
cork the glass, and tie it over with a string or wire, making a small hole
through the cork. Set the glass in a sand-heat so regulated as to make the
contents boil as quickly as possible, but so gently that the bubbles may be
counted as they rise from the bottom. The same heat must be kept up
exactly till the solution is complete.
It requires the most accurate attention to succeed in this operation.
After the spirits are mixed, they should be put to the copal, and the necessary degree of heat be given as soon as possible, and maintained with
the utmost regularity. If the heat abates, or the spirits boil quicker than
is directed, the solution will immediately stop, and it will afterwards be in
vain to proceed with the same materials: but if properly managed, the
spirit of sal ammoniac will be seen gradually to descend from the mixture,
and attack the copal, which swells and dissolves, excepting a very small
quantity which remains undissolved.
It is of much consequence that the vessel should not be opened till some
time after it has been perfectly cold; for if it contain the least warmth
when opened, the whole contents will be blown out of the vessel.
Whatever quantity is to be dissolved should be put into a glass vessel
capable at least of containing four times as much, and it should be high in
proportion to the width.
This varnish is of a deep rich colour, when viewed in the bottle, but
seems to give no colour to the pictures upon which it is laid. If it be left
in the damp, it remains racky, as it is called, a long time; but if kept in a
warm room, or placed in the sun, it dries as well as any other turpentine
varnish, and when dry it appears to be as durable as any other solution of
copal.
Copal may also be dissolved in spirits of turpentine by the assistance of
camphor.
Turpentine varnishes dry more slowly than those made with alcohol,
and are less hard; but they are not so liable to crack.




ï~~22

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS

Lutes.
Lutes are compositions which are employed to defend glass and other
vessels from the action of fire, or to fill up the vacancies which occur, when
separate tubes, for the necks of different vessels, are inserted into each
other during the process of distillation. Those lutes which are exposed to
the action of fire, are usually called fire-lutes.
For a very excellent fire-lute, which will enable glass vessels to sustain
an incredible degree of heat, take fragments of porcelain, pulverise and sift
them well, and add an equal quantity of fine clay, previously softened with
as much of a saturated solution of muriate of soda, as is requisite to give
the whole a proper consistence. Apply a thin and uniform coat of this
composition to the glass vessels, and allow it to dry slowly before they are
put into the fire.
Equal parts of coarse and refractory clay mixed with a little hair, form a
good lute.
Fat earth, beaten up with fresh horse-dung, Chaptal recommends as an
excellent fire-lute, which he generally used, and the adhesion of which
was such, that after the retort had cracked, the distillation could be carried
on and regularly finished.
Lutes for the joining of such vessels as retorts and receivers, are varied
according to the nature of the vapours which will act against them, in
order not to employ a more expensive and troublesome composition than
the case requires. For resisting watery vapours, slips of wet bladder, or
slips of wet paper or linen, covered with stiff flour paste, may be bound
over the juncture.
A closer and neater lute for more penetrating vapours, is composed of
whites of eggs made into a smooth paste with quick-lime, and applied upon
strips of linen. The quick-lime should be previously slacked in the air,
and reduced to a fine powder. The cement should be applied the moment
it is made; it soon dries, becomes very firm; and is in chemical experiments one of the most useful cements known.
Where saline, acrid vapours are to be resisted, a lute should be composed of boiled linseed oil intimately mixed with clay, which has been
previously dried, finely powdered, and sifted. This is called fat lute. It is
applied to the junctures, as the undermost layers, and is secured in its
place by the white of egg lute last mentioned, which is tied on with packthread.
Blacking, to make.
Put one gallon of vinegar into a stone jug; add one pound of ivoryblack, well pulverized; half a pound of loaf-sugar; half an ounce of oil
of vitriol, and one ounce of sweet-oil; incorporate the whole by stirring.
This is a blacking of very great repute.
Vases or Baskets, ic., in Spanish Candy.
Prepare some plaster moulds, as for grained sugar: soak them in water
before you use them; prepare some sugar as for Spanish candy, and fill the
moulds. When finished they may be ornamented with gum-paste, piping
vr gold-paper. They may also be made in copper or tin moulds. oiled.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Fly in Sheep.
Make a strong decoction from the leaves of tobacco, or from chewingtobacco, and apply with a small squirt, or syringe, repeated several times
during the fall months.
To preserve Fruit Trees from Mice and Insects.
Apply, early in the fall, around the root a thick layer of lime and ashes.
It would be well to sink the earth around the tree about six or eight inches;
throw in a few shovels-full of the lime and ashes, and then cover up with
earth, tramping it well down.
Pine Boughs for Sheep.
Give to your sheep pine boughs once or twice a week; they will create
appetite, prevent disease, and increase their health.
Grubs in Horses.
Take 1 pint strong vinegar, 1 ounce chalk in powder, stir it well and
drench the animal.
To wash Woollens.
Always wash in very hot suds, and never rinse them.
Gapes in Chickens
May be easily cured by giving them small crums of dough impregnated
with a little soft soap; once or twice is sufficient.
To improve the Wicks of Candles.
First steep the wicks in a solution of lime-water, in which saltpetre has
been dissolved. To 1 gallon of water add 2 ounces saltpetre and j pound
lime. Dry well the wicks before using. It improves the light, and prevents the tallow from running.
Horse-radish to have in keeping.
Grate a sufficient quantity during the season, while it is green, put it in
bottles, fill up with strong vinegar, cork them tight, and set them in a coo'
place.
Powder for Hiccough.
Put as much dill-seed, finely powdered, as will lie on a shilling into two
spoonsful of syrup of black cherries, and take it presently.
A Powder for Digestion.
Take galingal and setwal, of each 1 ounce; long pepper, mace, and
nutmeg, of each 2 ounces; aniseeds, carraway-seeds, fennel-seeds, and
angelica-seeds, of each 2 an ounce; put to these, all finely powdered, the
weight in fine powdered sugar; take as much as will lie on a shilling after
every meal, and drink a glass of simple carduus water after it. This has
done mighty cures to weak, depraved stomachs.
A Present Remedy for Convulsion Fits.
Make a draught of an equal quantity of piony and simple black-cherry
water, and for a man put 30, for a woman 20, for a child 5 drops of spirits
of hartshorn; drink this in or before a fit.




ï~~24

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Powder for a Dizziness in the Head, and to prevent Apoplectic Fits.
Take the seeds and roots of single piony, of each a like quantity; dry
and beat them severally into a fine powder; take the weight in nutmeg,
which you must beat, and dry, and beat again; mix fine-sifted sugar, and
take as much as will lie on a shilling every morning for a month constantly.
Remedy for Sore Throat.
Take 5 spoonsful of syrup of elder-berries and mix with 1 spoonful of
honey, and as much salt prunel (in powder) as will lie on a shilling: take
a teaspoonful of this as often as you can.
To Cure Hams.
Cover the bottom of the cask with coarse salt, lay on the hams with the
smooth or skin side down, sprinkle over fine salt, then another layer of
hams, and so continue until the cask is full. This ought to be of the
larger kind. A cask holding 64 gallons is small enough, and it would be
better if it held 120 gallons. Make a brine in the following proportions
6 gallons water, 9 pounds salt, 4 pounds brown sugar, 3 ounces saltpetre,
1 ounce sal-eratus. Scald and skim, and when cold pour the brine into the
cask until the hams are completely covered. The hams should remain in
this pickle at least three months, and a little longer time would do them no
harm.
Artificial Oysters.
Take young green corn, grate it in a dish; to one pint of this add one
egg well beaten, a small teacup of flour, half a cup of butter, some salt
and pepper, and mix them well together. A tablespoonful of the batter
will make the size of an oyster. Fry them a light brown, and when done,
butter them. Cream, if it can be procured, is better than butter.
Horn-ail.
When the animal is observed to be suffering from this disorder, 1 or 2
quarts of blood, according to the size of the animal, are to be drawn immediately from a neck vein. Then 2 tablespoonsful of the following powder are to be given 3 times every day, the powder being previously dissolved
in a pint of lukewarm water; this to be continued until the animal recovers: Glauber salts, 6 ounces; cream of tartar, 2 ounces; purified saltpetre,
2 ounces; powdered root of althe, 1j ounce. Rub the animal frequently
during the disease, principally on the back. If the animal should be costive, either of the following clysters is to be given:-Take a handful of
chamomile flowers, 2 handsful of flaxseed; boil them in 2 quarts of water,
strain them, and add 8 ounces of linseed oil and 3 tablespoonsful of common
salt. This clyster is to be applied by means of a syringe. Should these
articles not be at hand, take 1 quart of wheat bran, pour 2 quarts of boiling water on it, strain, and add 8 ounces of flaxseed oil and 2 ounces of
common salt. This clyster is to be lukewarm when applied to the rectum
or straight gut, by the means of a syringe or a fit funnel.
Cure for Botts.
Give the horse one ounce of slaked lime three times a week, mixed with
his food, for two or three weeks.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.                          25
To give Iron a temper to cut Porphyry.
Make your iron red-hot, and plunge it into distilled water from nettles
acanthus, and pilosella, or in the very juice pounded out from these plants.
To prevent Iron from rusting.
Warm your iron till you cannot bear your hand on it without burning
yourself. Then rub it with new and clean white wax. Put it again to
the fire till it has soaked in the wax. When done, rub it over with a
piece of serge. This prevents the iron from rusting afterwards.
To dye in Gold, Silver Medals, or Laminas, through and through.
Take glauber salt, dissolve it in warm water, so as to form a saturated
solution. In this solution put a small proportionate quantity of calx, of
magister of gold. Then put and digest in it, silver laminas cut small and
thin, and let them lay 24 hours over a gentle fire. At the end of this term
you will find them thoroughly dyed gold colour, inside and out.
An Oil, one ounce of which will last longer than one pound of any
other.
Take fresh butter, quick-lime, crude tartar, and common salt, of each
equal parts, which you pound and mix well together. Saturate it with
good brandy, and distil it in a retort over a gradual fire, after having adapted the receiver and luted well the joints.
To make Corks for bottles.
Take wax, hog's lard, and turpentine equal quantities, or thereabouts,
Melt all together and stop your bottles with it.
An Oil to prevent Pictures from blackening. It may serve, also,
to make cloth to carry in the pocket against wet weather.
Put nut or linseed oil into a phial, and set it in the sun to purify it.
When it has deposited its dregs at the bottom, decant it gently into another clean phial, and set it again in the sun as before. Continue so doing till it drops no more faeces at all. And with that oil you make the
above described compositions.
To gild on Calf and Sheep Skin.
Wet the leather with the white of eggs; when dry, rub it with your
hand and a little olive oil, then put the gold leaf and apply the hot iron
to it. Whatever the hot iron shall not have touched will go off by brushing.
To dye Wood Red.
Take chopped Brazil wood, and boil it well in water, strain it through
a cloth. Then give your wood two or three coats, till it is the shade wanted. If wanted a deep red, boil the wood in water impregnated with alum
and quick-lime. When the last coat is dry, burnish it with the burnisher
and then varnish.
A Preparation for Tortoise-Shell.
Take orpine, quick-lime, pearl-ashes, and aqua fortis  Mix well altogether, and put your horn or tortoise-shell in it to soak.
8




ï~~26

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS

Another method to dye Wood Red.
Take vermilion and Spanish brown; make them thin with linseed oil
and turpentine. Rub it on with a cloth in such a manner as to show the
grain of the wood; when dry, varnish. The proportion of vermilion and
Spanish brown, must be according to the fineness of the shade wanted.
To produce various undulations on Wood.
Slack some lime in chamber-ley. Then with a brush dipped in it, form
your undulations on the wood according to your fancy. And, when dry
rub it well with a rind of pork.
To soften Ivory.
In 3 ounces of spirits of nitre, and 15 of spring-water, mixed together,
put your ivory a soaking. And in 3 or 4 days it will be soft so as to obey
your fingers.
To dye Ivory thus softened.
1. Dissolve, in spirits of wine, such colours as you want to dye your
ivory with. And when the spirit of wine shall be sufficiently tinged with
th:; colour you have put in, plunge your ivory in it, and leave it there till
it is sufficiently penetrated with it, and dyed inwardly. Then give that
ivory what form you please.
2. To harden it afterwards, wrap it up in a sheet of white paper, and
cover it with decrepitated common salt, and the driest you can make it to
be; in which situation you shall leave it only 24 hours.
To whiten Ivory, even that which has turned a brown yellow.
1. Slack some lime in water, put your ivory in that water, after decanted from the ground, and boil it till it looks quite white.
2. To polish it afterwards, set it in the turner's wheel, and after having
worked it, take rushes and pumice-stones, subtile powder with water, and
rub it all till it looks perfectly smooth. Next to that, heat it by turning it
against a piece of linen, or sheep-skin leather, and when hot, rub it over
with a little whitening diluted in oil of olive; then with a little dry whi
tening alone, and finally with a piece of soft white rag. When all this is
performed as directed, the ivory will look remarkably white.
To whiten Bones.
Put a handful of bran and quick-lime together, in a new pipkin, with a
sufficient quantity of water, and boil it. In this put the bones, and boil
them also till perfectly freed from greasy particles.
To petrify Wood, -c.
Take equal quantities of gem-salt, rock-alum, white vinegar, chalk, and
pebbles powder. Mix all these ingredients together: there will happen an
ebullition. If, after it is over, you throw in this liquor any porous matter,
and leave it there a soaking four or five days, they will positively turn into
petrifactions.
To restore Wine thot has turned sour or sharp.
Fill a bag with leek-seed, or of leaves or twisters of vine, and put eithat
of them to infuse in 'the cask.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.                           27
Kalydor for the Complexion.
T'ake blanched bitter almonds, 1 part; rose-water, 16 parts. Mix and
strain, then add five grains of bichloride of mercury to every eight-ounce
bottle of the mixture, and scent with rose or violet.
Powell's Opium.
Take opium, 1 part; spirit, 9 parts. Macerate until the spirit will take
up no more, decant, and reserve the tincture; then pour six parts of water
on the residuum and repeat the process. Strain and mix the two solutions:
next put them into a retort and distil over, spirit nine parts, and evaporate
the remainder to a proper consistence.
Pradier's Cataplasm
Pradier's remedy for the gout was purchased by the Emperor Napo'eon
for Â~2500:-Take of balm of Mecca, 6 drachms; red bark, 1 ounce; saffron, half an ounce; sarsaparilla, 1 ounce; sage, 1 ounce; rectified spirit
of wine, 3 pounds. Dissolve separately the balm of Mecca in one third of
the spirit of wine: macerate the rest of the substances in the remainder
for forty-eight hours, filter, and mix the two liquors for use. The tincture
obtained is mixed with twice or thrice its quantity of lime-water: the bottle must be shaken in order to mix the precipitate settled at the bottom by
standing.
Mlode of application.-The following is the mode of employing the remedy:-A poultice must be prepared of linseed meal, which must be of
good consistency and spread very hot, of the thickness of a finger, on a
napkin, so as to be able completely to surround the part affected: if it be
required for both legs, from the feet to the knees, it will take about three
quarts of linseed meal. When the poultice is prepared, and as hot as the
patient can bear it, about two ounces of the prepared liquor must be poured
equally over the whole of the surface of each, without its being imbibed;
the part affected is then to be wrapped up in it, and bound up with flannel
and bandages to preserve the heat. The poultice is generally changed
every twenty- four hours, sometimes at the end of twelve.
Dyes for Ivory.
Black.-Immerse the ivory in a boiling solution of logwood, take it ou
and wash it in a solution of copperas.
Blue.-Immerse the ivory in a mixture of sulphate of indigo and water,
partly neutralized with potash.
Green.-Steep blued ivory in a solution of nitromuriate of tin, and then
in a decoction of fustic: or it may be at once dyed green by steeping t in
a solution of acetate of copper.
Yellow.-Steep the ivory in a bath of neutral chromate of potash, and
afterwards in a boiling solution of acetate of lead.
Red.-Steep the ivory for a short time in a solution of tin, then in a de.
coction of Brazil or cochineal.
Violet.-Moisten the ivory with a solution of tin, as before, then im.
merse it in a decoction of logwood.
Fluid for Mlarking Ivory.
Take nitrate of silver, 2  arts; nitric acid, 1 part; water, 7 parts. Mir




ï~~28

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Etching Fluid for Ivory.
Take dilute sulphuric acid, dilute muriatic acid, equal parts. Mix.
Etching Varnish for Ivory.
Take white wax, 2 parts; tears of mastic, 2 parts. Mix.
To gild Ivory.
Immerse it in a solution of nitromuriate of gold, and then expose it to
hydrogen gas whilst damp. Wash it afterwards in clean water.
To polish and soften Ivory.
To soften it, let it stand thirty-six or forty hours in a warm place.
Polish with a rubber and putty and water.
Plum Pudding.
To make a rich plum pudding, take a pound of marrow, or suet, well
chopped, a pound of fine flour dried, eight or ten eggs beaten well; half a
nutmeg grated; as much mace, cinnamon, and ginger, all powdered very
fine; a pinch of salt; mix these well together, and beat up into a batter;
then add one pound of currants, one pound of raisins, stoned and choppeo
a little; the currants should be rubbed in a cloth, and well picked, or well
wash and dry them; two ounces of candied citron peel, or part lemon,
and orange, cut small; and two ounces of sweet almonds, blanched, and
cut up in bits; two ounces of loaf-sugar grated; then add these to the
batter, and put in a wine-glass of brandy; well mix them together. It
may be boiled in a buttered basin or mould; if the batter should be too
stiff, put a glass of white wine in it. It will take four or five hours' boiling. Strew over it powdered loaf-sugar; garnish with sliced lemon.Sauce, containing half a glass of best brandy, a glass of white wine, a little rind of lemon grated, and a little powdered cinnamon, half an ounce of
grated loaf-sugar, mixed with an equal quantity of very thick melted butter.
It is a good plan to make and keep by you a little of this sauce, and then
it is ready at any time. In a bottle containing a pint of sherry, and half
a pint of best brandy, add two ounces of loaf-sugar, a quarter of an ounce
of mace, half an ounce of shaved lemon rind, with kernels of apricots,
peaches, and nectarines, and steep in a little white wine; when steeped,
pour it off clear, 'and put to the wine and brandy: and add half a quarter
of a pint of capillaire. Two table-spoonfuls of this sauce will flavour a
boat-full of thick melted butter.
A NATIONAL PLUM PUDennDIx  is made by mixing suet, jar raisins, and
currants, one pound each, four ounces of crumbs of bread, two table-spoonsful of sugar, one table-spoonful of grated lemon peel, half a nutmeg, a
amall blade of mace, a tea-spoonful of ginger, and six well-beaten eggs.-.
Boil it five hours.-N. B. If you want to keep plum puddings good for a
long time, say some months, hang them in a cold place in the cloth in
a hich they are boiled. When wanted to be used, take them out of the
cloth, cover them with a clean one, and warm them through with hot
water, they will then be fit for the table.
Prepared Chalk.
Take a solution of muriate of lime, and add a solution of carbonate Qf
soda as long as it causes precipitation; wash the sediment, and dry it.




ï~~29

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Hazlenut Kisses.
Beat one pound of pulverized white sugar with the whites of eigfit
eggs, over a slow fire until they are light, then add four ounces of blanched
filberts, cut fine; lay them out on paper, and bake in a slow ov'Apple- Water Ice.
Pare and corelome fine apples, cut them in pieces into a preserving pan
with sufficient water for them to float, boil until they are reduced to a marmalade, then strain: to a pint of.apple-water add half a pint of syrup, the
juice of a lemon, and a little water; when cold, freeze.
Pear-Water Ice is also prepared in the same way.
Priming Powder, for Percussion Caps.
Take gunpowder, 40 parts. Reduce it to a fine powder, then mix it to
a thin paste with water, next add chlorate of potass, 21 parts, previously
reduced to a very fine powder. Make the paste rather thin, and deposit a
small drop at the bottom of the cap. Care must be taken not to handle
the mixture in quantity, when dry, lest it should explode.
Primrose Vinegar.
To 15 quarts of water put 6 pounds of brown sugar; let it boil ten
minutes, and take off the scum; pour on it half a peck of primroses; before it is quite cold, put in a little fresh yeast, and let it work in a warm place
all night. Put it in a barrel in the kitchen, and when done working close
the barrel, still keeping it in a warm place.
s
To cure the Rot in Sheep.
It is the opinion of some that the rot in sheep is caused, in most instances,
by Tathy herbage. If so, sheep should always be removed as soon as it is
discovered that the disease has sprung from the above cause.
Take foxglove leaves, 2 ounces; boiling water, 1 quart. Pour the water
on the leaves, cover up, and let stand in a warm place half a day; then
strain through flannel. Give of this decoction two tea-spoonfuls, morning
and evening, to each sheep, for two or three days, when an interval of two
days should be allowed, the mixture being an active poison.
To prevent the Rot in Sheep.
Rot is often hereditary in sheep. Hence the great importance of weeding out from the flock all such ewes as exhibit the least appearance of unsoundness. Again-during winter every attention should be paid to sheep
Study the kind of pasture that they thrive best on, the Kind of hay, grain,
&c. Keep them from exposure in bad weather, and keep them in as high
bealth as possible, if y6u would preserve them from the rot.
Hair-curling Liquid for Ladies.
Take borax, 2 ounces; gum Senegal in powder, I drachm; add hot
rater (not boiling), 1 quart. Stir, and, as soon as the ingredients are dissolved, add 2 ounces of spirits of wine strongly impregnated with camphor
Oni retiring to rest, wet the locks with the above liquid, and roll them on
twists of paper as usual. Leave them till morning, when they may be un
wrapt and formed into ringlets.
3*




ï~~30

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

To dye Bones any colour.
Boil the bones first for a good while; then in a ley of quick-lime mix
ed with chamber-ley, put either verdigris, or red or blue chalk, or any other
ingredient fit to procure the colour you want to give to the bones. Lay
the bones in the liquor, and boil them, they will be perfectly dyed.
To write on Silver with a Black which will never go of.
Take burnt lead and pulverize it. Incorporate it next with sulphur and
vinegar, to the consistency of a painting colour, and write with it on any
silver plate. Let it dry, then present it to the fire so as to heat the work
a little, and it is finished.
To correct a bad taste and sourness in Wine.
Put in a bag the root of wild horse-radish cut in bits. Let it down in
the wine, and leave it there two days: take this out, and put another, repeating the same till the wine is perfectly restored. Or fill a bag with
wheat: it will have the same effect.
To cure those who are too much addicted to drinking Wine.
Put in a sufficient quantity of wine, 3 or 4 large eels, which leave there
till quite dead. Give that wine to the person you want to reform, and he
or she will be so much disgusted with wine, that though they formerly
made use of it, they will now have an aversion to it.
To increase the sharpness and strength of Vinegar.
Boil two quarts of good vinegar till reduced to one; then put it in a
vessel and set it in the sun for a week. Now mix the vinegar with six
times its quantity of bad vinegar in a small cask: it will not only mend
it, but make it strong and agreeable.
To make Vinegar with water.
Put 30 or 40 pounds of wild pears in a large tub, where you leave them
three days to ferment. Then pour some water over them, and repeat this
every day for a month: at the end of which it will make very good vine
gar; the goodness of which may be increased by the above method.
A dry, portable Vinegar.
Wash well half a pound of white tartar with warm water, then dry it,
and pulverize as fine as possible. Soak that powder with good sharp vinegar, and dry it before the fire or in the sun. Re-soak it as before with
vinegar, and dry it as above, repeating this operation a dozen times. By
these means you will have a very good and sharp powder, which turns
water instantly ihto vinegar. It is very convenient to carry in the pocket,
especially when travelling.
Ginger Beer.
One pint of molasses and two spoonfuls of ginger put into a pail to be
half filled with boiling water; when well stirred together, fill the pail with
cold water, leaving room for one pint of yeast, which must not be put in
until lukewarm. Place it on a warm hearth for the night, and bottle it
in the morning.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

31

How to extract the Essential Oil from any Flower.
Take any flowers you like, which stratify with common sea-salt in a
clean earthen glazed pot. When thus filled to the top, cover it well and
carry it to the cellar. Forty days afterwards put a crape over a pan, anc
empty the whole to strain the essence from the flowers by pressure. Bottle that essence and expose it four or five weeks in the sun, and dew of
the evening, to purify. One single drop of that essence is enough to scent
a whole quart of water.
To make Mutton-Suet Candles, in imitation of Wax.
1. Throw quick-lime in melted mutton suet; the lime will fall to the
bottom, and carry along with it all the dirt of the suet, so as to leave it as
pure and as fine as wax itself.
2. Now, if to one part of the suet you mix three of real wax, you will
have a very fine, and to appearance, a real wax candle, at least the mixture could never be discovered, nor even in the moulding way of ornaments.
Corn Plaster.
Yellow wax, 1 pound; Venice turpentine, 3 ounces; verdigris (finely
powdered), 1 ounce. Mix, with heat.
Kermes Mineral.
Ground antimony, 20 parts; pearlash, 11 parts; sulphur, 1 part. Melt
In a crucible, cool, powder, and boil in water; filter, and the kermes will
precipitate as the water cools; wash the powder in two or three waters.
Kidder's Spice.
Cloves, cassia, mace, nutmegs, salt, pepper, turmeric, equal parts. Mix
German Kirsch-Wasser, (Cherry Brandy.)
Ripe cherries, 1 cwt.; water, 15 gallons. Bruise the cherries (kernels
and all), then ferment the whole; lastly, draw off the liquid, express the
remaining juice from the-lees, and distil. Or put the whole of the mash
into the still and draw over the liquid as much as is required.
Kidelano's Neutral Cerate.
Diachylon, 1 pound; sweet oil, J pound; prepared chalk, 7 ounces.
Melt, and when nearly cold stir in vinegar, 8 ounces; sugar of lead, 6
drachms.
A Peculiar Sauce.
Claret or port, 1 gallon; mushroom catsup, I gallon; walnut pickle, 2
quarts; pounded anchovies, 2 pounds; lemon-peel, 8 ounces; eschalots
(peeled and sliced), 8 ounces; scraped horse-radish, 6 ounces; black pepper, 3 ounces; cayenne, 1 ounce; celery seeds (bruised), 1 ounce; soy,
1 quart. Steep for a fortnight, then strain with expression.
Krurnholz Oil.
Distil oil of turpentine in a glass retort, and reserve the*red balsan that
s left.




ï~~32

PRACTICAL RECEIFTS.

Labdanum Plaster.
Labdanum, 7 pounds; yellow wax, 56 pounds; palm oil, 50 pound:,
resin, 40 pounds; Burgundy pitch, 20 pounds; oil of mace, 3 ounces
oil of caraway, 3 ounces; oil of peppermint, 4 ounces. Mix.
Lozenges of Lactate of Iron.
Lactate of iron, 30 parts; sugar, 360 parts; mucilage, sufficient quantity. Make into ten-grain lozenges.
Pills of Lactate of I-ron.
Lactate of iron, 16 grains; marshmallow powder, 15 grains; honey to
mix. Divide into two-grain pills, and silver them immediately.
Syrup of Lactate of Iron.
Lactate of iron, 8 parts; boiling distilled water, 400 parts; white sugar, 800 parts. Mix. This contains about four grains in the ounce.
Cheap Lac Varnish.
Shell lac, 9 parts; borax, 2 parts; water sufficient. Boil until dissolved
and of a proper consistence.
Toothache Tincture.
Kreosote, 1 part; spirit of wine, 10 parts. Mix, and apply by means
of a small piece of lint.
To give various Shades of colour to Lake.
A beautiful tone of violet, red, and even of purple red, may be communicated to the colouring part of cochineal, by adding to the coloured bath
a solution of tin in nitro-muriatic acid. The effect will be greater, if, instead of this solution, one of oxygenated muriate of tin be employed.
Another.-The addition of arseniate of potash (neutral arsenical salt),
gives shades which would be sought for in vain with sulphate of alumine
(alum).
To judge of the Quality of Lamb.
If fresh, the vein in the neck of a fore-quarter is bh'uish; if green or
yellow, stale. In the hind-quarter, if the knuckle is limp and the part under the kidney smells slightly disagreeable, avoid it. If the eyes are sunken, do not buy the head.
Factitious Lapiz Lazuli.
Plain paste, 1000 parts; calcined bones, 73 parts; Zaffre, 7 parts; magnesia, 5 parts. If it is desired to vein it with gold-gold-powder and bo
rax, equal parts; vein the cakes to taste, and then heat them sufficiently
hot for cementation.
Simple Recipe for Preserving Eggs.
Pack them during the summer and fall for winter. Take a stone crock
)r tirkin, and put in a layer of salt, half an inch deep-insert your eggs
on the small end, and cover each layer of eggs with a layer of salt. If
the eggs are fresh when packed, and put into a cool, dry place, they will
keep perfectly good until the following summer.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

a3

To Prevent the Smoking of Lamps.
Soak the wick in strong vinegar and dry it well. They will of course
smoke, even after this preparation, if the wicks are put up too high.
Factitious Labdanum.
Yellow wax, 7 pounds; suet, 7 pounds; ivory black, 3 pounds. Mix.
Composition for Lances.
1. White fire.-Nitre, 16 parts; sulphur, 8 parts; meal powder, 4
parts. Mix.
2. French white f re.-Nitre, 16 parts; sulphur, 8 parts; antimony, 4
parts. Mix.
3. Blue fire.-Nitre, 1. parts; antimony, 8 parts. Mix.
4. Yellow fire.-Nitre, 16 parts; gunpowder, 16 parts; sulphur, 8
parts; amber, 8 parts. Mix.
5. Green fire.-Nitre, 16 parts; sulphur, 6 parts; verdigris, 6 parts;
antimony, 6 parts. Mix.
6. Pink fire.-Nitre, 16 parts; gunpowder, 3 parts; lamp-black, 1
part. Mix.
Lardner's Prepared Charcoal.
Charcoal, prepared chalk, equal parts. Mix them, and sift through
gauze.
To prepare Pure Lard.
Good white lard. Melt it in a water bath, then put it into warm water
and agitate them well together, to wash out any salt; let them cool, then
collect the lard from the top of the water, drain it, melt it again in a waterbath, let it remain melted for half an hour, and lastly, pour off the clearest
portion and preserve it from the air.
Laurel Water.
Laurel leaves, 1 cwt.; water, 17 gallons. Distil off 15 gallons with a
gentle heat.
Reduced Oil of Lavender.
Lavender oil, 2 parts; acetic acid (sp. 0.898), 3 parts. Mix.
Lavender Water for immediate Use.
One gallon of proof spirit, and one ounce of true English oil of lavenler, which is all that will properly combine with the spirit, without injuring the colour by rendering it muddy. When the spirit and the oil are
properly mixed, they are to be put into glass bottles, which are to be well
stopped, and ought to be shaken before used.
Lozenges for the Heartburn.
Prepared chalk four ounces, crab's eyes prepared two ounces, bole am.
momniac one ounce, nutmeg one scruple, or cinnamon half an ounce. Make
into a paste with dissolved gum Arabic. When held in the mouth until
they dissolve, they will afford effectual relief.




ï~~s14

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Acetic Ether.
1. Take strong alcohol, 3 parts; acetate of potass, 3 parts; concentrated
sulphuric acid, 2 parts. Mix and distil; then take of the product 4 parts,
and sulphuric acid 1 part, and draw over a quantity equal in weight to the
alcohol employed.
2. Take acetate of lead, 40 parts; alcohol, 20 parts; strong sulphuric
acid, 23 parts. Mix and distil into a large refrigerated receiver.
Silent spirit, flavoured with this ether and the other articles usually employed, forms the most wholesome substitute for foreign brandy that can be
nade, and at the same time has much of its flavour.
Acetic Lozenges.
Take white sugar, 7 pounds; strong vinegar to mix. A little gum may
also be used.
Acidulous Water.
Take water, and force carbonic acid gas through it until saturated.
Keep it in well-closed bottles, in a cool situation.
Aconitine (Aconitina).
Take sliced root of aconite, 1 pound; alcohol, 2 quarts. Boil in a retort, to which a receiver is adjusted, for one hour; pour off the liquor and
pour on a second, 2 quarts of alcohol and the spirit in the receiver, and boil
as before. Repeat the process a third time, then strain with expression.
Mix all the liquors together, and distil off the spirit, until the remainder is
of the consistence of an extract. Dissolve in distilled water, and filter;
again evaporate to the consistence of a syrup, to this add water acidulated
with sulphuric acid, sufficient to dissolve the aconitine, then precipitate with
a solution of ammonia. Dissolve the precipitate as before, in water acidulated with sulphuric acid, and add two ounces of purified animal charcoal
Agitate and filter; lastly, precipitate the aconitine with water of ammonia;
wash and dry. Never used internally.
Ointment of Aconitine.
Take pure lard, 1 ounce; aconitine, 8 grains. Mix with great care.
Used in neuralgic affections.
Adhesive Plaster.
1. Take sweet oil, 84 pounds; litharge, 48 pounds; yellow resin, 20
pounds. Melt the oil and litharge together, then add the resin.
2. Take diachylon, 30 pounds; yellow resin, 5 pounds. Mix with heat.
Sulphuric Ether.
Take alcohol, sp. gr. 0.830; sulphuric acid, sp. gr. 1.842. Mix in a
large tubulated retort, and distil into a large refrigerated receiver. A sand
heat must be employed for this process, and great caution observed.
Ethiop's Mineral.
Take quicksilver, 1 part; sulphur, 2 parts. Unite with heat. Dose
twenty to sixty grains. A much larger quantity of sulphur is used for
ommon article.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.                            *
Acorn Cofee.
Take sound ripe acorns, peel them and roast them with a little butter, or
fat, then, when cold, grind them with one third their weight of real coffee
To give Beer the appearance of Age.
Add a few handfuls of pickled cucumbers and Seville oranges, both
chopped up. This is said to make malt liquor appear six months older
than it really is.
Ague Drops.
Take arsenic, 1 grain; water, 1 ounce. Mix. Dose, one tea-spoonful
night and morning.
To harden and polish Alabaster.
1. Take a strong solution of alum, strain it, and put it into a wooden
trough sufficiently large to contain the figure, which must be suspended in
it by means of a thread of silk; let ' rest until a sufficient quantity of the
salt is crystallized on the cast, then  -thdraw it, and polish it with a clean
cloth and water.
2. Take white wax; melt it'in a convenient vessel, and dip the cast or
figure into it; withdraw and repeat the operation of dipping until the
liquid wax rests upon the surface of the cast; then let it cool and dry,
when it must be polished with a clean brush.
Pure Albumen.
Take white of egg, 1 part; strong alcohol, 11 parts. Mix, agitate, and
collect the precipitate.
Alcohol.
1. Take chloride of calcium, rectified spirit, equal parts. Mix and agitate in a well-stoppered bottle for some time, pour off the clear, and distil
off one half at a gentle heat.
2. T''ake the bladder of an ox or calf, soak it for some time in water,
then inflate it and carefully free it from the attached fat and vessels; this
must be done on both sides. After it is again inflated and dried, sminea
over the outer surface twice, and the inner surface four times, with a solution of isinglass. Then nearly fill it with the spirit to be concentrated,
leaving only a small space vacant; it is then to be securely fastened, and
suspended in a warm temperature of about 1220 Fahr., over a sand bath,
or in the neighbourhood of an oven or fire. In six to twelve hours, if the
heat be properly conducted, the spirit will be concentrated, and in a little
time longer may be rendered nearly free from water (anhydrous), or of the
strength of ninety-seven or ninety-eight per cent. This alcohol will be
sufficiently pure for all the common purposes of manufacture, and affords
an excellent mode of concentrating spirit for making varnishes, &c. The
same bladder will serve more than one hundred times.
3. According to the experiments of Fabbroni, the free alcohol may be
separated from fermented liquors by subcarbonate of potash, while the combined alcohol will remain undisturbed.
To bottle Ale.
Follow the same plan as for porter.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Thir'een Experimental Receipts on Dyeing and Calico Prtnting
I.
Pour a little solution of indigo in sulphuric acid into a glass of water,
and add about an equal quantity of solution of carbonate of potash. If a
piece of white cloth be dipped in this mixture, it will come out a blue. If a
piece of yellow cloth be dipped in, it will become a green, or a red will be
converted to a purple. A slip of blue litmus paper immersed in it will
immediately become red.
II.
If a little fustic, quercitron bark, or other dye, be boiled in water, the
colouring matter will be extracted, and a coloured solution formed. On
adding a small quantity of dissolved alum to this decoction, the alumina,
or base of the salt, will attract the colouring matter, forming an insoluble
compound, which in a short time will subside, and may easily be separated.
III.
Boil a little cochineal in water, with a grain or two of cream of tartar,
(supertartrate of potash,) and a dull kind of crimson solution will be formed. By the addition of a few drops of nitro-muriate of tin, the colouring
matter will be precipitated of a beautiful scarlet. This, and some of the
former instances, will give a tolerably correct idea of the general process
of dyeing woollen cloths.
IV.
If a few strips of dyed linen cloth, of different colours, be dipped into a
phial of oxymuri atic acid, the colours will be quickly discharged; for there
are few colours that can resist the energetic effect of this acid. This experiment may be considered as a complete example of the process of bleachmg coloured goods.
V.
Having found a piece of blue linen cloth, that will bleach in oxygenised
muriatic acid, dip the tip of the finger in a solution of muriate of tin, and
press it while wet with the solution, upon a strip of this cloth. After an
interval of a few minutes immerse the cloth in a phial of liquid oxymuriatic
acid, and when it has remained in it the usual time, it will be found that
the spot which was previously wet with muriate of tin, has preserved its
original colour, while the rest of the cloth has become white.
VI.
Dip a piece of white calico in a strong solution of acetate of iron; dry
it by the fire, and lay it aside for three or four days. After this, wash it
well in hot water, and then dye it black by boiling it for ten minutes in a
strong decoction of Brazil wood. If the cloth be now dried, any figures
printed upon it with a colourless solution of muriate of tin, will appear o
a beautiful scarlet, although the ground will remain a permanent black.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

37

VII.
Dissolve 4 drachms of sulphate of iron min one pint of cold water, then
add about six drachms of lime in powder, and 2 drachms of finely pul.
verised indigo, stirring the mixture occasionally for 12 or 14 hours. If a
piece of white calico be immersed in this solution for a few minutes, it will
be dyed green; and by exposure to the atmosphere only for a few seconds,
this will be converted to a permanent blue.
V III.
If a piece of calico be immersed in a solution of sulphate of iron, and
when dry washed in a weak solution of carbonate of potash, a permanent.olour will be produced, viz: the buff of the calico-printers.
IX.
Boil equal parts of arnotto and common potash in water till the whole
are dissolved. This will produce the pale reddish-buff so much in use, and
-old under the name of nankeen-dye.
X.
If muriate of tin, newly made, be added to a solution of indigo in sul0huric acid, the oxygen of the indigo will be absorbed, and the solution.nstantly converted to a green. It is on the same principle that muriate of
tin is employed in cleansing discoloured leather furniture; as it absorbs
the oxygen, and the leather is restored to its natural colour.
XI.
Take a piece of very dark olive-coloured linen that has been dyed with
iron and quercitron bark, or weld, and spot it in several places with a
colourless solution of muriate of tin. Wherever the cloth has been touched
with this solution, the original colour will be discharged, and spots of a
bright yellow will appear in its stead.
XII.
Dip a piece of white calico in a cold solution of sulphate of iron, and
suffer it to become entirely dry. Then imprint any figures upon it with a
strong solution of colourless citric acid, and allow this also to dry. If the
piece be then well washed in pure warm water, and afterwards boiled in a
decoction of logwood, the ground will be dyed either a slate or black
colour, according to the strength of the metallic solution, while the printed
figures will remain beautifully white. This experiment is designed to show
the effect of acids in discharging vegetable colours.
XIII.
If lemon-juice be dropped upon any kind of buff colour, the dye will be
instantly discharged. The application of this acid by means of the black,
is another method by which calico-printing give the white spots or figures
to piece-goods. The crystallized is generally used for this purpose.
These thirteen experiments will give some idea of the nature of calico.
printing.
4




ï~~38

PRACTICAL  RECEIPTS.

Lead Colour.
Whiting, I cwt; road dust, I cwt.; blue black, 9 pounds; ground
white lead, 35 pounds: lime-water, 10 gallons; Factitious linseed oil to
grind in.
Lead Dust.
Lead, charcoal. Melt and mix, then cool, pound, and wash away the
charcoal.
Leaden Tree.
Superacetate of lead, ' an ounce. Put it into a clean bottle, nearly
filled with water, and add nitric acid 10 drops; adjust a rod of zinc, one
inch long and a quarter of an inch square, and by means of a thread..suspend it to the cork; arrange it so that the zinc may be just in the middle
of the bottle; set it aside where it will not be disturbed, and metallic vegetation will commence.
S   Lead in Grains.
Lead, melt it, and pour it in a small stream from a height into cold
water.
Ointment of the White Oxide of Lead.
Simple ointment, 5 pounds; ceruss, I pound. Mix. Cooling.
Acetate of Lead Paper.
Acetate of lead, 1 part; water, 16 parts. Dissolve, and dip the paper
into the liquor, and dry it.
Subacetate of Lead Paper.
The same as acetate of lead paper, only using the subacetate instead of
the acetate.
Plaster of the Oxide of Lead.
1. Sweet oil, 28 pounds; red lead, 16 pounds; black resin, 3 pounds.
Mix, with heat.
2. Red lead, 5 pounds; sweet oil, 8 pounds. Mix, with heat.
Venetian White Lead.
Sulphate of barytes, white lead (pure), equal parts. Mix.
To Dye Leather.
Blue.-Steep it in an indigo vat.
Red.-Steep it in alum water, then pass it through a decoction of Brazil wood (warm).
Purple.-Steep the skins in alum water, then in the decoction of log
wood (warm).
To Gild or Silver Leather.
Finely-powdered resin, and dust it over the surface of the leather, then
lay on the leaf, and apply (hot) the letters or impression you wish to transfer; lastly, dust off the loose metal with a cloth. The cloths used for this
purpose become, in time, very valuable, and are often sold to the refinerfor twenty to thirty shillings.




ï~~PRACTIuAL RECEIPTS.

39

Lavender Lozenges.
Powdered sugar, 400 parts; essence of oil of lavender, 3 parts; drop
lake (ground in gum), I part. Mix with mucilage. Be careful not to
injure the colour by using dirty vessels.
Whooping Cough.
A tea-spoonful of castor oil to a table-spoonful of molasses: a tea-spoonful of the mixture to be given whenever the cough is troublesome. It will
afford relief at once, and in a few days it effects a cure. The same remedly relieves the croup, however violent the attack.
Accarie's Purified Opium.
Opium, 2 parts; charcoal, 3 parts; water, 10 parts. Digest for three
days, then strain and clarify with the white of eggs; evaporate to the consistence of an extract.
Acetate of Ammonia (Mindererus Spirit.)
Muriate of ammonia, 279 parts; acetate of lead, 1000 parts  Make a
saturated solution of each. Mix while hot and filter.
Acetate of Lead (Sugar of Lead.)
Strong vinegar, and add finely-powdered litharge, until the acid is saturated
Acetate of Morphia.
Morphia, 6 drachms; acetate acid, 3 drachms (fluid); distilled water, 4
ounces (fluid). Dissolve, then evaporate with a gentle heat and crystallize. Dose, one-eighth to one grain.
Mixture of Acetate of Morphia.
Acetate of morphia, 15 grains; acetate acid, 3 drops; spirit of wine, 1
drachm; water, 7 drachms. Mix. Anodyne-dose, five to twenty drops.
Extemporaneous Acetate of Zinc.
Sulphate of zinc, 9 parts; acetate of lead, 12 parts; distilled water,
about 60 parts. Mix and filter; the liquid will be a solution of acetate
of zinc.
To make a Mercurial Letter Gauge.
In a small upright glass tube, on a stand, is a quantity of mercury, into
which is plunged a graduated ivory column, marked I ounce, 1 ounce,
1J ounce, 2 ounce, &c., with a convenient table on the top, to receive the
letter to be weighed. According to its weight, the column descends, and
the mercury rises, indicating in a moment the exact weight of the letter.
New Miner's Lamp.
Upon the principle of Davy's, but is enclosed in a triangular lantern,
with three bull's-eye glasses. The object is to get rid of the danger arising from the use of Davy's, which, should it fall or upset, lets the flame
through the wires, and causes an explosion. In this lamp such danger is
obviated, as there is gauze on the air-holes of the lantern; and it has this
vcellent property, that whenever there is danger, this light goes out.




ï~~40

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

To prevent Murrain in Cattle.
Take equal parts of salt and slaked lime; mix, and give two table
spoonsful twice a week during the prevalence of the disease.
To Stain White Marble.
Apply with a brush a strong alcohol tincture made from the root alkanet
To colour Oils a beautiful Red.
Take the root alkanet, in powder, mix it with the oil and apply heat
The same root is employed to colour ointments, pomades, and cheeses.
To make Almond Oil.
Take bitter almonds, and with a hydraulic press squeeze out the oil, either
n the cold, or aided by hot iron plates.
Preserving Eggs.
One bushel of quick-lime, 32 ounces of salt, 8 ounces of cream of tartar. Mix the whole together with as inuch water as will reduce the composition to such a consistency that an egg, when put into it, will swim.
To wash Black Worsted or Woollen Hose.
If new, soak all night, then wash in hot suds with beefs gall, a tablespoonful to half a pail of water. Rinse till no colour comes out. Then
stretch on stocking-frames, or iron them when damp on the wrong side.
Naples Yellow.
1. Take 12 ounces of ceruse, 2 ounces of the sulphuret of antimony, J an
ounce of calcined alum, 1 ounce of sal ammoniac. Pulverize these ingredients, and having mixed them thoroughly, put them into a capsule or crucible of earth, and place over it a covering of the same substance. Expose
it at first to a gentle heat, which must be gradually increased till the capsule
is moderately red. The oxidation arising from this process requires, at least,
three hours' exposure to heat before it is completed. The result of this
calcination is Naples yellow, which is ground in water on a porphyry slab
with an ivory spatula, as iron would alter the colour. The paste is then
dried and preserved for use. It is a yellow oxide of lead and antimony.
There is no necessity of adhering so strictly to the doses as to prevent
their being varied. If a golden colour be required in the yellow, the proportions of the sulphuret of antimony and muriate of ammonia must be
increased. In like manner, if you wish it to be more fusible, increase the
quantities of sulphuret of antimony and calcined sulphuret of alumine.
2. I. Take 1 pound of antimony, 1j pound of lead, 1 ounce of alurr,
and 1 ounce of common salt.
II. Take 1 ounce of pure ceruse, 2 ounces of diaphoretic antimony
an ounce of calcined alum, and 1 ounce of pure sal ammoniac.
The ingredients are to be well mixed together, and calcined in a moderate heat for three hours in a covered crucible, till it becomes barely red-hot,
when the mass will become of a beautiful yellow colour. With a larger
portion of calx of antimony and sal ammoniac, the yellow verges towards
gold colour.
Glass may be tinged yellow with the above preparation.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

41

Nankin Dye.
1. Annatto, potash, equal parts; water sufficient. Boil until dissolved.
2. Spanish annatto, 12 parts; alum and potash, each, 1 part; water, sufficient quantity. Unite by boiling.
Napoleon's Pectoral Pills.
Ipecacuanha, powdered, 1 drachm; squills and gum ammoniac, powdered,
each, 4 scruples. Mucilage to mix. Divide into 48 pills, and take two night
and morning.
To raise Nap on Cloth.
Soak the cloth in water for half an hour, then lay it on a table and raise
the nap with a teazle, or hatter's card, filled with flock; let it dry, then use
a hard brush.
Narcissus Pomade.
Lard, 56 parts, beef suet, 28 parts. Melt with a gentle heat and strain,
then treat as for jasmin pomade, with the difference of the flowers.
Anodyne Necklace.
Of the roots of the hyoscyamus and clusters of hops and make them
into a necklace. Cloves and pimento corns may also be added.
Worn by children when teething, and to procure sleep in fever.
Nectar.
1. Red ratifa, 45 gallons; oil of cassia,   ounce; oil of caraway, I ounce;
orange wine, 15 gallons. Mix well, then add sugar, 20 pounds; dissolved
in water, 1 gallon.
2. Lump sugar, 1 pound; cold water, 1 pint; Madeira, 1 bottle. Grate
in nutmeg and lemon-peel.
A little hock or other wine may be added to taste.
Strong Nitrated Ointment of Mercury.
Quicksilver, 1 ounce; nitric acid, 2 ounces. Dissolve, then add while
warm, olive oil, 8 ounces; lard, 4 ounces. Mix.
Nlewmarket Oil.
Linseed oil, 2 pounds; oil of turpentine, 2 pounds; oil of St. John's
wort, 2 pounds; oil of vitriol, 1 ounce. Mix.
To prevent the Night-mare.
Avoid heavy suppers, and take either of the following doses on going to
ved:
1. Bicarbonate of soda, 1 drachm; tincture of cardamus (comp.), 3
lrachms. Mix.
2. Sal volatile, 20 drops; tincture of ginger, 2 drachms. Mix.
3. Magnesia, 20 grains; rhubarb, 15 grains; carbonate of soda, 10
grains. Mix.
Nine Oils or Mixed Oils.
Seal oil, 3 gallons; oil of turpentine, 1 gallon; water of ammonia, 1
pound; oil of amber, 1 pound; Barbadoes tar, 6 pounds; oil of vitriol.
4 ounces; spirits of camphor, 2 pounds. Mix.
4*




ï~~42

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

A Cement for stopping the Fissures of Iron Vessels.
Take two ounces of muriate of ammonia, one ounce of flowers of si.
vhur, and sixteen ounces of cast-iron filings or turnings; mix them web
u, a mortar, and keep the powder dry. When the cement is wanted, take
one part of this and twenty parts of clean iron filings or borings, grin
them together in a mortar, mix them with water to a proper consistence
and apply them between the joints.
This answers for flanges of pipes, &c. about steam engines.
To dissolve Copal in Alcohol.
Copal, which is called gum copal, but which is not, strictly, either a
gum or a resin, is the hardest and least changeable of all substances adapted
to form varnishes, by their dissolution in spirit, or essential, or fat oils. It,
therefore, forms the most valuable varnishes; though we shall give several
receipts where it is not employed, which form cheaper varnishes, sufficiently
good for many purposes, adding only the general rule, that no varnish must
be expected to be harder than the substance from which it is made.
To dissolve copal in alcohol, dissolve half an ounce of camphor in a pint
of alcohol; put it into a circulating glass, and add four ounces of copal it
small pieces; set it in a sand-heat, so regulated that the bubbles may be
counted as they rise from the bottom, and continue the same heat till the
solution is completed.
The process abovementioned will dissolve more copal than the menstruum
will retain when cold. The most economical method will therefore be, to
set the v assel which contains the solution by for a few days, and, when it
is perfectly settled, pour off the clear varnish, and leave the residue for
future operation.
The solution of copal thus obtained is very bright. It is an excellent
varnish for pictures, and would, doubtless, be an improvement in japanning, where the stoves used for drying the varnished articles would drive
off the camphor, and leave the copal clear and colourless in the work.
New Acid for Dyeing.
Take of the root of the aloe, and by the action of nitric acid a beautiful
red colour is produced, which will be found very useful to dyers.
To Purify Lamp Oil.
Take chloride of lime, 1 lb.; water, 12 lbs. Triturate the chloride of
time in a large mortar. gradually adding the water so as to form a smooth
and soap paste, and then add the remainder of the water, which will give
the whole the consistence of cream. Now mix this thoroughly with the
oil by frequent and careful stirring, in the proportion of 1 quart of the
paste for 100 lbs. of oil, or a little more, if the oil be very putrid. Let it
remain a few hours, when add 1 lb. of sulphuric acid. previously diluted
with 20 or 30 parts of water, and boil. with a gentle heat, constantly
stirring during the process, until the oil drops clear from the end of a piece
'o be dipped into it. After the boiling has been finished, allow the oil to
settle for a few hours; then draw it off from the acidulated water. Thf
boiler should be lined with lead, and the mortar for the trituration of the
chloride of lime should neither be iron aor copper.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

43

Cure for Milk Sickness.
Take of pul. rhei, 3i.; magnes. cal. ass. Mix. A table-spoonful to
be given in mucilage every two hours, till purging is produced. If vomit.ui.p, a new dose must be immediately administered.
Carbonate or Sesqui-Carbonate of Ammonia.
Dry chalk, 3 parts; sal ammoniac, 2 parts. Sublime.
Ointment of Ammonia.
Ammonia (S. C.), 1 ounce; simple ointment, 8 ounces. Mix. Use a.,
a dressing for ulcers.
Ammoniac Plaster.
Gum ammoniac, 1 pound; distilled vinegar, 11 pound. Evaporate to a
proper consistence.
Ammoniac Plaster, with Mercury.
Mercury, I pound; balsam of sulphur, I ounce. Kill the silver, then
add gum ammoniac, 5 pounds. Unite with heat.
Fluid for Anatomical Preparations.
I.
Water saturated with sulphurous acid, to which add a little creosote.
II.
Chloride of tin, 2 parts; muriatic acid, 1 part; water, 40 parts. Dissolve
and filter.
III.
Bichloride of mercury, 3 parts; muriatic acid, I part; water, 65 parts.
Dissolve and filter.
English Anchovies.
Sprats, 1 bushel; salt, 7 pounds; saltpetre, 3 pounds; prunella, 4 pound;
cochineal to colour slightly. Pound in a mortar, then put into a stone pan
or empty anchovy barrel, first a layer of sprats, then one of the composition, then a layer of sprats, and so on, until it is filled. Press down tight.
and keep them for six months.
Essence of Anchovies.
Anchovies, 14 pounds. Pulp and press them through a sieve, then boil
the residuum with salt, 12 pound; water, 20 pounds. Strain, add flour,
ii pounds; and the pulp of the fish, boil once more, pass it through the
sieve, and add aole to colour, and cayenne, until seasoned to palate.
Anchovy Powder.
I.
Ancnovies; wheat flour, equal parts. Beat them to a paste, and expose
chem in small pieces to dry; then reduce them to fine powder, and pass it
through a sieve.
II.
English anchovies or sprats; wheat flour, equal parts. Proceed as be
fore.




ï~~44

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Candied Angelica.
Boil the angelica for a quarter of an hour in water, then take it out, dry
it, and boil it in thick syrup; drain and dry.
To detect the False Angustura Bark.
Macerate two drachms of the bark in three ounces of water, then add the
following tests, and observe the appearances:
IF TRUE.               IF FALSE.
Chlonride of barium.    No precipitate.        Turbidness.
Bichloride of mercury.......      Dirty white precipitate
Perchloride of iron.    Reddish brown do.      Dirty green.
With the decoction.
Chloride of barium.     Nothing.               Turbidness.
Nitrate of silver.      Yellow precipitate.    None.
Sulphuric acid.,      i.            Â~
Perchloride of iron.    Greyish     i          Green without precipi.
tation.
Phosphate of soda.      Nothing.               In a short time a deep
brown coloration.
Animal Charcoal.
Bones (cleaned from the integuments, &c.), coarsely powder them, and
calcine them in close vessels.
Care must be taken not to raise the heat too high; the proper temperature can only be known by practice.
Purified Animal Charcoal.
Animal charcoal (powdered), 4 parts; hydrochloric acid, 3 parts; water,
3 parts. Mix and digest, with occasional agitation for two or three days
in a gentle heat; filter and wash the charcoal well with pure water, then
dry it.
To preserve Animal Food without Salting.
Take meat, and cut it into slices of from four to eight ounces each, then
immerse them for five minutes in a vessel of boiling water, and dry them
on network, at a regular temperature of from 1200 to 1250 Fahr. Next
evaporate the soup formed by washing the meat, to the consistence of a
thick varnish, adding a little spice to flavour it; into this fluid immerse the
perfectly dry pieces of flesh, and again expose them to the proper drying
temperature. Repeat the operation of dipping and drying a second, and
even a third time.
For use, the meat must be cooked in the usual way by boiling, &c.
In this manner, meat may be preserved without salt, for fifteen to twentyv
months.
Anisated Balsam of Sulphur, used in Cutaneous Diseases.
1. Balsam of sulphur, 24 parts; turpentine, 24 parts; oil of aniseed, '
parts. Mix with heat.
2. Flowers of sulphur, 1 ounce; seal oil, 2 pounds. Dissolve with heat
then add oil of aniseed, 6 drachms.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

45

Animal Substances,
And objects of natural history, may be preserved in a solution of bichlo
ride of mercury, or the solution may be washed over them.
Aniseed Cordial.
Aniseed (bruised), 16 pounds (or more); proof spirits, 50 gallons; wa!er, 60 gallons. Draw over 100 gallons, and sweeten to taste.
Should it be foul, filter it, previously putting a little magnesia into the
bag.
Oil of (Factitious) Aniseed.
Oil of aniseed, 10 parts; rape oil, 15 parts; spermaceti, 1 part. Mix
with heat in a close vessel.
Aniseed Water.
Aniseed, 30 pounds; water, 20 gallons. Distil off fifteen or sixteen
gallons.
Should it turn milky redistil it, or filter it through magnesia.
Anisette de Bourdeaux.
Sugar, 12 ounces; water, 5 pints; proof spirit, 3 pints; oil of aniseed,
15 drops.
Rub the oil with a little of the lump-sugar and spirit before adding it to:he mixture.
Anti-Attrition.
Lard, 80 pounds; black lead, 25 pounds; spirit of turpentine, 5 pounds
sap, 4 pounds. Mix. For machinery.
Anti-Attrition, (Patent.)
Lard, 4 parts; plumbago, 1 part. Mix.
Anti-ferment, for Cider, Beer, Wine, #c.
Sulphite of lime, 1 part; powdered mustard-seed, 2 parts. Mix. This
is infallible if properly used.
Antimonial Powder.
Powdered antimony; hartshorn shavings, equal parts. Roast in an iron
pot until they become a grey powder, then put it into a crucible with a
small hole in the cover, and keep it red-hot for two hours. Lastly, cool
and powder.
Antimony Lozenges.
Sulphuret of antimony, 1 ounce; white sugar, 8 ounces; starch, 6
ounces. Mucilage to mix.
Anti.putrefactive Fluid.
Alcohol, 2 pounds; water, 2 pounds; ammonia, 1 ounce. Mix andti
lissolve.
Aperient Pills.
Compound extract of colocynth, 2 grains; extract of rhubarb, 3 grams,
aloes (pill), 1 grain. Mix and divide into two pills for a dose




ï~~X                  PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.
Pure Concentrated Acetic Acid.
1. Fused acetate of potash, 10 pounds; strongest sulphuric acid, h
pounds. Distil slowly from a glass retort into a glass refrigerator. Redistil from a little acetate of lead, to deprive it of a small quantity of sul
phurous acid that contaminates it; the product will then be very pure.
2. Acetate of lead (dried), 12 pounds; strong sulphuric acid, 3 poundts.
Mix and treat as before. This affords a weaker acid than No. 1.
3. Sulphate of iron (gently calcined), 4 pounds; acetate of lead 10
pounds. Powder, mix, and carefully distil from a porcelain retort as before. This is a good and economical process.
4. Acetate of copper, any quantity. Dry it in a water bath, then distil
in a sand heat. This gives gives an acid slightly contaminated with fragrant pyroacetic spirit.
5. Elegant method of making pure acetic acid. (From the German.)
Take a long glass case, and arrange shelves in it, a few inches apart, one
above another, on which place small flat dishes of earthenware or wood;
then fill these dishes with alcohol, and suspend over each dish a portion
of the black powder of platina; then hang strips of porous paper in
the case, with their bottom edges immersed in the spirit, to promote
evaporation. Set the apparatus in a light place, at a temperature of from
680 to 860 Fahr., for which purpose the sunshine will be found convenient. In a short time the formation of vinegar will commence, and the
condensed acid vapours will be seen trickling down the sides of the glass,
and collecting at the bottom. We shall find that during this process, produced by the mutual action of the platina and the vapour of alcohol, there
will be an increase of temperature, which will continue till all the oxygen
contained in the air enclosed in the case is consumed, when the acetification will stop; the case must be then opened for a short time, to admit of
a fresh supply of air, before the operation will recommence.
With a case of twelve cubic feet content, and with seven or eight ounces
of platina powder, we can produce one pound and one-ninth of absolute
acetic acid from one pound of absolute alcohol, and if we reckon the product at the commercial strength of vinegar, the increase will of course be
very great.
From 25 pounds of platina powder, and 300 pounds of alcohol, we may
produce daily about 350 pounds of pure acid.
It is proper to state that the platina powder does not waste, and that the
most inferior spirit may be employed.
The revenue laws of Great Britain unfortunately forbid the adoption of
this beautiful process, but there is no statute that prevents any individual
using it on the small scale for private consumption. In Germany, however, vinegar is manufactured on this plan, and from the low price of crude
alcohol, it must prove very profitable. It will no doubt be shortly introduced into the United States of America, where alcohol may be purchased
for less than a dollar a gallon, as well as in other parts where spirit is
equally cheap.
Crystallized Acetic Acid.
Acetate of soda dried and melted by a gentle heat, 44 parts; oil of vi-.,
riol 20 parts. Mix and distil. Dry the crystals on bibulous paper.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

7

To Clean Brittania Ware.
Brittania ware should be first rubbed with a woollen cloth and sweet
oil; then washed in water and suds, and rubbed with soft leatner and
whiting. Thus treated, it will retain its beauty to the last.
Nineteen Experimental Receipts on Temperature.
I.
Take a small phial about half full of cold water; grasp it gently in tht
left hand, and from another phial pour a little sulphuric acid very gradually into the water. A strong sensation of heat will immediately be perceived. This, by the continued addition of the acid, may be increased to
many degrees beyond that of boiling water.
II.
Take a small phial in one hand, containing some pulverized muriate of
ammonia; pour a little water upon it, and shake the mixture. In this
instance a sensation of cold will immediately be felt.
III.
If the student be in -- ssession of an air-pump, the following experiment
may be easily performed:-Let him fix a small tin cup of ether within a
large watch-glass containing a little water, and place both under the receiver of the air-pump. The exhaustion of the receiver will cause one of
the fluids to boil, and the other to freeze at the same instant.
IV.
Place a phial of water, enclosing a thermometer, in a frigorific mixture,
and by avoiding agitation cool it some degrees below the freezing point.
If it be now agitated, it immediately becomes solid, and its temperature
instantly rises to 320, an instance of a change of form occasioning an
extrication of caloric.
V.
Fill a small glass matrass, or flask, holding about half a pint, with any
kind of coloured water, having previously put in a few tea-spoonfuls of
ether: then invert the flask in a shallow vessel of water, and by degrees
pour boiling water upon its bulb. By the sudden accession of heat the
ether will be changed into vapour, which will force out the coloured water
and fill the whole of the vessel. This experiment will afford an example
of a liquid being converted into an elastic vapour by caloric.
VI.
For want of a proper glass vessel, a table-spoonful of ether may be put
into a moistened bladder, and the neck of the bladder closely tied. If hot
water be then poured upon it, the ether will expand and the bladder become inflated.
VII.
Take a glass tube with a bulb in form of a common thermometer; fill
it with cold water, and suspend it by a string. If the bulb be frequently
and continually moistened with pure sulphuric ether the water will vregeutly be frozen, even in summer.




ï~~4              PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.
VIII.
Dissolve five drachms of muriate of ammonia, and five drachms of nitre,
Zoth finely powdered, in two ounces of water. A thermometer immersed
in the solution will show that the temperature is reduced below 320. If a
thermometer tube, filled with water, be now suspended within it, the water
will soon be as effectually frozen as in the last experiment.
IX.
If a small thermometer be placed in a glass vessel containing about an
ounce of a solution of soda, on adding a sufficient quantity of muriatic
acid to saturate the soda, the mercury in the thermometer will expand;
affording an instance of heat being produced by the formation of a salt.
X.
Let the last experiment be repeated, with the carbonate of soda instead
of pure soda; the mercury will now sink in the thermometer. Here,
though the same kind of salt is formed, cold is produced.
XI.
Fill a thermometer tube with tepid water, and immerse it in a glass vessel of water of the same temperature, containing a mercurial thermometer.
If the whole be now placed in a bed of snow, or in a frigorific mixture, the
water in the tube will suffer a progressive diminution of volume, until it
arrives at about 400; it will then begin to expand gradually until it becomes solid. This shows how ice is enabled to swim on the surface of
water.
XII.
Another example on this subject may be shown. Fill a thermometer
tube with cold water, at about 320, and immerse it in a vessel of warm
water. In this case, the water in the tube will contract in volume till it
arrives at about 2o, when it will appear for a time nearly stationary. If
the heat be now continued, the effect will be reversed, for the water in the
tube will expand as its temperature is increased. This is a curious instance
of a chemical anomaly.
XIII.
Charge a small glass retort with strong muriatic acid, and insert its beak
into a tubulated receiver containing a little water; then into this receiver
insert two small thermometers, the one immersed in the water, the other
suspended above it. By applying the heat of a lamp to the retort, muriatic acid gas will be disengaged in abundance; and if the thermometers
Ie examined, that which is suspended in the gas will be found to have
tmen only a few degrees, while that which was immersed in the cold wak.r has acquired a boiling heat.
XIV.
Dip the bulb of a thermometer in melted rosin so as to coat the glass
with it, and suffer it to cool completely. If the flame of a taper be now
applied to the bulb, so as to melt the rosin, the mercury in the thermometer will not rise at the approach of the taper, but will actually be seen tc
contract as the rosin becomes liquid.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

49

XV.
Take a glass of cold water, pour a little sulphuric ether upon its sur
lace, and inflame it by a slip of lighted paper. The ether will burn for a
considecrable time, and produce a large volume of flame, but when it is
extinguished the water will be found not to have increased in temperature
The design of this experiment is to show that water is a bad conductor of
caloric, and that when we wish to heat water, the heat ought not to be
applied at its surface.
XVI.
Put into a wine-glass about a scruple of the oxidized manganese and
nitrate of potash, and an equal quantity of the same compound into another glass. On one pour hot, and on tle other cold water. The hot
solution will exhibit a beautiful green colour; the cold cne a deep purple.
XVII.
If a small portion of the same compound be put into several glasses, and
water at different temperatures be poured upon each, the contents of each
glass will exhibit a different shade of colour. This experiment affords another instance of metals producing various colours, according to their different modes of treatment.
XVIII.
If a flat bar of iron be hammered briskly on an anvil, its temperature
will soon be so increased, that a piece of phosphorus laid upon it would
instantly be inflamed. This experiment is designed to show that caloric
may be evolved merely by percussion; and that, when evolved, it is as
active and energetic as though it had never been latent.
XIX.
In two or three wine-glasses, each containing some distilled water, diffuse a little newly prepared white prussiate of iron, and exclude the action
of the air, by covering the contents of each with a thin layer of oil. If
these colourless liquids be now exposed to different degrees of cold, it will
be perceived that whenever the water in either of them freezes, the white
precipitate will become blue.
Simple Ointment.
Take 4 ounces beeswax; 4 a pint of sweet oil, or hog's lard. Mix by
heat. To keep the parts soft and from exposure to cold.
Family Basilicum Ointment.
Take 1 ounce of beeswax, 1 ounce of resin, and 1j ounces hog's lard.
Melt all together. Healing and exciting. Used for dressing sores.
Abernethy's Pills for Indigestion.
Calomel, 1 scruple; sulphuret of antimony, 1 scruple; gum guaiacum
2 scruples. Castile soap, to form twenty pills.
Dover's Powder.
Ipecacuanha, in powder, I drachm; opium, in powder, 1 drachm; saltpetre, in powder, 1 ounce. The above ingredients should be reduced to a
very fine powder. Dose for an adult from 10 to 20 grains.




ï~~50

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

To ascertain the quantity of Alcohol in Wine, Beer, 4fc.
1. Liquor to be tried, 100 parts; solution of lead, as below, 12 parts
Agitate together and filter, then add fused potash (powdered) as long as it
is dissolved; the alcohol will then be seen floating on the top of the mixture in a well-marked stratum; estimate the quantity by means of a gra.
duated tube.
2. A good way to determine the quantity of alcohol contained in a given
sample of wine, is to separate it from the non-volatile constituents by distillation. A very neat apparatus for experiments of this nature has been contrived by M. Gay-Lussac; but any species of small still or retort may be
employed for the purpose. You take 300 parts of the liquor to be tried,
measured in a glass tube. The operation is equally adapted for wines,
beer, gin, and all kinds of spisituous liquors. Having inserted the liquor
into the still, you carefully and slowly distil over 100 parts, or one third
of the liquor in the still, making use of a graduated tube as the recipient,
and stopping the operation when the distilled liquor reaches the hundredth
degree. You then ascertain the alcoholic strength of the distilled liquor by
means of the hydrometer, and, dividing the result by three, you have at
once the per centage of alcohol of the liquor submitted to examination. If,
for example, the hundred parts of distilled liquor contain thirty parts of alcohol, the wine submitted to distillation contains ten per cent. of alcohol.
But if, from want of attention, you distil over more than one hundred parts
of the liquor, it will not do to divide the alcoholic strength of the product
by three, to obtain the per centage of alcohol of the liquor submitted to distillation: you must employ, as the divisor, the number which expresses
the relation of the volume of the distilled product to the bulk of the wine.
If, for example, you have one hundred and six parts of distilled liquor,
containing (as ascertained by the hydrometer) thirty-three parts of alcohol,
you divide three hundred by one hundred and six, which gives 2.83, and
then divide 33 by 2.83, which gives 11.66. The last number expresses
the per centage of alcohol of the liquor submitted to examination.
Solution of Subacetate of Lead.
Take litharge, powdered, 15 parts; acetate of lead, 12 parts; water, 200
parts. Boil for twenty minutes, or until reduced to one half. Keep it in
well-corked phials.
Ale, on the Scotch Plan.
Employ the very best pale malt and hops, and mash but once, with one
third of the quantity of the brewing; draw off the wort, then divide the remaining quantity of water into six to ten parts, and sprinkle the malt
therewith; set the tap, and when all is drained off, repeat the process till
the whole quantity of water is consumed. Boil with four pounds of hops
to the quarter of malt, and ferment at 500 Fahr. with less than one per
cent, of yeast. Rouse up twice a day. The sprinkling waters are thrown
into a flat wooden vessel with a bottom full of small holes, placed over the
mashing tub, so that the water descends equally on the malt, similar to a
shower-bath. There are also from three to four small cocks placed round
the bottom, to draw off the wort, so that the water is made to percolate
through the whole of the materials. This brewing is never attempted dus
ing the suirhmer months.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.                          OA
Alkaline Absorbent.
Take limewater, 4 ounces; liquor of potash, 1 ounce. For dyspepa
and heartburn, one tea-spoonful in a basin of broth or gruel  ['his is an
excellent antacid, but very nauseous.
Almond Bloom.
1. Take Brazil dust, 1 ounce; cochineal, J ounce; water (hot), J gallon. Steep for two or three days, then strain, and add isinglass, - drachm;
gum Arabic, 2 drachms; spirit, 2 ounces. Essences to perfume.
2. T'ake Brazil dust, 3 ounces; isinglass, 2 ounces; cochineal, 1 orce;
alam, 4 ounces; borax, 1 ounce; water, 10 pints. Boil until reduced to
a gallon, and strain.
Almond Cake.
Take almonds, blanched and bruised, 1 pound; 10 eggs, well beaten:
sugar, 1 pound; flour,   pound. Mix.
Almond Jelly.
Take almond emulsion, hartshorn jelly, equal parts. Add a little orange
flower water and a few drops of essence of lemons.
Almond Milk.
Take sweet almonds, 1 ounce; bitter almonds, 3; white sugar, 1J
pound; clear water, 2 pints. Flavour with orange-flower water. Blanch
the almonds by steeping them in hot water for a little time, then beat them
up in a mortar with the sugar, and add the water gradually; lastly, strain
and add the flavouring.
Grey Almond Paste.
Take bitter almonds; winnow, grind, and form them into four or five
pound loaves; put these into the press and extract the oil with a gradually
increasing pressure for two days, then take out the cakes, grind and sift
them, and pack and perfume the powder to taste.
Liquid Almond Paste.
I. Take bitter almonds, blanched, 4 parts; sweet almonds, blanched, 4
parts; oil of almonds, 1 part; juice of lemon, 6 parts; spirit, 1 part; rosewater, 2 parts. Reduce the almonds to the state of milk, then add the
other ingredients, and strain.
2. Take blanched almonds, 8 pounds; rose-water, 1 gallon (or less).
Reduce to a thick paste, then add honey, 2 pounds. Strain by pressing it
through a gauze sieve.
Sweet white Almond Paste.
Take Jordan almonds; steep them in hot water until their skins are
loose, then blanch them, and treat them as for Grey Paste.
Celebrated Honey Almond Paste.
Take honey, 1 pound; white bitter paste, 1 pound; expressed ol of
bitter almonds, 2 pounds; yolks of eggs, 5. Heat the honey, strain, theu
add the bitter paste, knead well together, and lastly, add the eggs and oil min
alternate portions.




ï~~5'2

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Bitter white Almond Paste.
Take bitter almonds, and follow the same process as for Sweet White.
Sweet Almond Lozenges.
T'ake white sugar, 3 pounds; starch, 1 pound; blanched almonds, 2
pounds. Beat into a thick paste, then roll it into a cake and cut it into lozenges. A little essence of orange or lemon may be added.
Almond Soap.
Take oil of almonds, 7 pounds; soda, 1    pounds; water, sufficient
quantity. The soda must be rendered caustic, before adding it to the oil,
and heat must then be applied. An easy way of preparing the soda, is to
treat it in solution, with powdered quicklime.
Bitter Almond Soap.
Take fine hard white soap, 100 pounds; essence of bitter almonds, It
per cent. Treat them as for Cinnamon Soap.
Engraving in Alto-Relievo.
In the common operation of engraving, the desired effect is produced by
making incisions upon the copper-plate with a steel instrument of an angular shape, which incisions are filled with printing-ink, and transferred to
the paper by means of a roller, which is passed over its surface. There is
another mode of producing these lines or incisions, by means of diluted
nitrous acid, in which the impression is taken in the same way. Another
method of engraving is done upon a principle exactly the reverse, for instead of the subject being cut into the copper, it is the interstice between
the lines which is removed by diluted aquafortis, and the lines are left as
the surface, from which the impression is taken by means of a common
type-printing press, instead of a copper-plate press.
This is effected by drawing with common turpentine varnish, covered
with lampblack, whatever is required upon the plate; and when the varnish is thoroughly dry, the acid is poured upon it, and the interstice of
course removed by its action upon the uncovered part of the copper. If the
subject is very full of dark shadows, this operation will be performed with
little risk of accident, and with the removal of very little of the interstice
between the lines; but if the distance between the lines is great, the risk
and difficulty is very much increased, and it will be requisite to cut away
the parts which surround the lines with a graver, in order to prevent the
dabber with the printing-ink from reaching the bottom, and thus producing
a blurred impression. It is obvious, therefore, that the more the plate is covered with work, the less risk there will be in the preparation of it with
the acid, after the subject is drawn, and the less trouble will there be in
removing the interstice, if any, from those places where there is little
shading.
Alumina.
Take a solution of alum, filter, then add a sufficient quantity of solution:f ammonia to precipitate the whole of the alumina.
Amber Beer.
Take half pale and half amber malt.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

53

Alum White.
Take alum, 2 parts; honey, I part. Mix and calcine them until of a
clear white, then well wash and dry the powder. This forms an excellent
white, both in oil and water.
Amalgam for the Cushions of Electrical Machines.
Take zinc, 2 parts; tin, 1 part; mercury, 5 parts. Mix. Rub th
cushions with a mixture of tallow and beeswax, before applying the amalgam.
Amalgam for Varnishing Plaster Figures, 4-c.
Take tin, mercury, and bismuth, equal parts; fuse and cool, then make
die amalgam into a varnish with white of egg.
Factitious Oil of Amber.
Take oil of amber, Barbadoes tar, equal parts. Mix.
Essence of Ambergris.
1. Take ambergris, 2 ounces; bladder musk, 1 ounce; spirit of ambrette,
3 quarts; alcohol, 1 quart. Digest for fifty or sixty days, in a temperature
of from 1000 to 1300 Fahr.
2. Take ambergris, 1 drachm; alcohol, 4 ounces. Mix.
Pale Amber Varnish.
1. Take pale amber, 6 parts: fuse, and then add hot boiled oil (pale),
S0 parts; boil until stringy, cool, and add spirits of turpentine, 35 parts.
Mix well together.
2. Take amber, 1 pound; melt, and then add linseed oil, half a gallon;
and when thoroughly united, spirits of turpentine, 3 pints.
Spirit of Ambrette.
Take ambrette, 23 pounds; alcohol, 6 gallons; distilled water, 3 gallons. Draw over twenty-five quarts.
Honey Wine.
Take honey, 20 pounds; cider, 12 gallons. Ferment, then add rum,
Sgallon; brandy, j gallon; red or white tartar (dissolved), 6 ounces;
bitter almonds and cloves, each 4 ounce.
Factitious Amethyst.
1. Take strass, 5000 parts; oxide of manganese, 37 parts; cxide of cobalt, 25 parts; purple of Cassius, 1 part. Fuse for twenty-six hours, and
cool slowly.
2. Take paste or strass, 10,000 parts; oxide of manganese, 25 parts;
oxide of cobalt, 1 part.
Carbonate of Ammonia.
Take sal ammoniac, 1 part; chalk, 2 parts. Mix in fine powder, an.'
bublime.
Zafre.
Take roasted cobalt, 1 part; powdered quartz, 3 parts. Mix and fuse.
5*




ï~~54

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS

Essence of Neroli.
Orange flowers, and pursue the same plan as for Essence of Roses.
Iodide of Lead.
Acetate of lead, 9 ounces; iodide of potassium, 7 ounces; distilled
water, 8 pints. Dissolve the acetate in two-thirds of the water, and the:odide in the remaining one-third; mix, and wash and preserve the preipitate.
Used in the composition of an ointment.
Iodide of Mercury.
Mercury, 8 parts; Iodine, 5 parts. Rub them together in a mortar, add
ming gradually a little alcohol until the union is complete. Dry with a gentle heat, and keep it in a well-stopped bottle, in the dark.
Ointment of Iodide of Mercury.
Lard 3 ounces; Iodide of mercury, 45 grains. Mix.
For venereal ulcers, &c.
Compound Solution of Iodide of Potassium.
Iodide of potassium, 2 scruples; iodine, 1 scruple; distilled water, 2
quarts. Dissolve and filter. Dose, three to seven drops, where iodine is
indicated.
Ointment of Iodide of Sulphur.
Ioduret of sulphur, 25 grains; lard, 1 ounce. Mix.
Solution of Iodine.
Iodine, 1 grain; distilled water, 16 ounces. Dissolve.
Tincture of Iodine.
Iodine, 1 part; spirits of wine, 8 parts. Dose, ten to twenty drops.
Ioduret of Sulphur.
Iodine, 4 parts; flowers of sulphur, 1 part. Mix, put them into a bottlA
and apply a gentle heat.
Keep it in well-corked bottles.
Jonquille Perfume.
Oil of sassafras, 1 part; oil of orange, 1 part; oil of caraway, 2 parts,
oil of lavender, 3 parts; essence of lemon, 8 parts; essence of bergamot,
8 parts. Mix.
Perfumer's Oil of Jonquille..
Follow the same plan as for the Oil of Jasmin, which see.
Jonquille Pomade.
Beef suet, 5 parts; lard, 12 parts. Mix, with a gentle heat, and strain
then treat it as for Jasmin Pomade, with the difference of the flowers.
To Extract Iron Moulds.
Rub the spot with a little powdered oxalic acid, or salts of lemon and
warm water, let it remain a few minutes and well rinse in clean water




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

55

Ipecacuanha Lozenges.
fpecacuanha, 2 ounces; sugar, 5 pounds. Mucilage to mix.
Persulphate of Iron Paper.
The same as the Protosulphate of Iron Paper, with the substitution of
the per for the proto salt.
Protosulphate of Iron Paper.
Protosulphate of iron, 1 part; water, 20 parts. Dissolve; dip the paper
into the fluid and dry.
Iron Solder.
Soft brass powder; borax sufficient.
Isinglass Jelly.
Isinglass jelly, J pound; water, 1 gallon. Boil until of sufficient consistence, then add, milk, 3 pints; white sugar, 7 ounces.
Isinglass Size.
Isinglass, 1 part; water, 100 parts. Boil until dissolved and of a proper
thickness.
Isle of White Sauce.
Soy, Port wine, brandy or spirit, and mushroom ketchup, of each equal
parts. Mix, and let them stand until fine.
Issue Peas.
1. Yellow wax, 1 pound; turmeric, J pound; orris powder, 4 pound.
Spirits of turpentine to mix. Form into peas.
2. N ellow wax, 1 pound; orris powder, 4 ounces; vermilion, 8 ounces.
Venice turpentine to mix.
Raspberry Syrup.
To every quart of fruit add a pound of sugar, and let it stand over night.
In the morning boil and skim it for half an hour; then strain it through a
flannel bag and pour into bottles, which,: must be carefully corked and
sealed. To each bottle add, if you please, a trifle of brandy, if the weather
is so warm as to endanger its keeping.
Raspberry Jam.
T'ake 1 pound loaf-sugar to every pound of fruit; bruise them together
in your preserving-pan with a silver spoon, and let them simmer gently for
an hour. When cold, put them into glass jars, and lay over them a bit of
paper saturated with brandy-then tie them up so as carefully to exclude
the air.
Premium Cheese.
For a cheese of 20 pounds, a piece of rennet about two inches square is
soaked about twelve hours in one pint of water. As rennets differ much in
quality, enough should be used to coagulate the milk sufficiently in about
forty minutes. No salt is put inito the cheese, nor any outside during the
first six or eight hours it is being prepared; but a thin coat of fine Liver
pool salt is kept on the outside during the remainder of the time it remains
in press. The cheeses are pressed forty-eight hours under a weight of seven
or eight cwt. Nothing more is required but to turn the cheeses once a day
on the shelves




ï~~56

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Caustic Issue Peas.
Yellow wax, 18 ounces; verdigris, 6 ounces; Spanish flies, 3 ounces
orris powder, 4 ounces; white helebore, 4 ounces. Mix
Premium Cheese.
The milk strained in large tubs over night; the cream stirred in milk,
and in morning strained in same tub; milk heated to natural heat; adi
colour and rennet; curd broke fine and whey off, and broke fine in hoop
with fast bottom, and put in strainer; pressed twelve hours; then taken
from hoop, and salt rubbed on the surface; then put in hoop, without
strainer, and pressed forty-eight hours; then put on tables, and salt rubbed
on surface, and remain in salt six days for cheese weighing 30 pounds.
The hoops to have holes in the bottom; the crushings are saved, and set
and churned, to grease the cheese. The above method is for making one
cheese per day.
Tincture of Roses.
Take leaves of the common rose (centifolies), place them, without pressing them, in a bottle, pour good spirits upon them, close the bottle, and let
it stand until it is required for use. This tincture will keep for years, and
yield a perfume little inferior to otto of roses. A few drops of it will suffice to impregnate the atmosphere of a room with a delicious odour. Corn
mon vinegar is greatly improved by a very small quantity being added to it.
Aromatic Beer.
Take 20 drops of the oil of spruce, 20 do. wintergreen, 20 do. sassafras.
Pour 2 quarts of boiling water upon the oils, then add 8 quarts of cold
water, 1I pint of molasses, and j a pint of yeast. Let it stand two hours
and then bottle it.
To Boil a Ham.
Put your ham into the pot at noon the day before you want it for the
table, and keep the water hot uAtil that time, then let it boil 15 minutes.
For Roasting Venison.
A large haunch will require three hours. After it is on the spit, rub it
all over with butter, baste with flour and a little salt, butter a sheet of white
paper, and lay over the fat part, fastening it on with strings or skewers.
keep it well basted, and five minutes before sending it t) the table take off
the paper, dust flour over it, and baste it with butter till the fat is handsomely browned and covered with a good froth.
Rennet, or Wine Custards.
Very simple, and prepared in five minutes. Cut a bit of rennet about
four inches square into strips, which put into a bottle filled with wine. It
will be fit for use in two or three weeks. To make your custard, first
warm and sweeten the milk, then stir into it a teaspoonful or tablespoon
ful of the rennet wine, according to its strength, and pour immediately into
a pudding-dish, or cups, as you prefer; put away in a cool place for an
hour, and grate nutmeg on them. The whey, of which you can make
enough, by the addition of extra wine when you prepare it, is a very nour
ishing drink for invalids.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

57

Sausages, quite rich enough for an Epicure.
Take 30 pounds of chopped meat, 8 ounces of fine salt, 2j ounceq of
pepper, 2 teacups of sage, and 12 cups of sweet marjoram, passed through
a fine sieve. For the latter, thyme and summer savory can be substituted
if preferred.
Tomato Catsup.
To a gallon skinned tomatos add 4 tablespoonsful salt, 4 do. black pepper,
half a spoonful alspice, 8 red peppers, and 3 spoonsful mustard. All these
ingredients must be ground fine, and simmered slowly in sharp vinegar for
three or four hours. As much vinegar is to be used as to leave half a gallon of liquor when the process is over. Strain through a wire sieve and
bottle, and seal firom the air. This may be used in two weeks, but improves
by age, and will keep several years.
Cold Water.
Cure for persons who have drunk imprudently of cold water or any cold
liquid when too much heated. Doses of liquid laudanum proportioned to
the violence of the attack. From a teaspoonful to near a tablespoonful has
been given before relief has been obtained.
A mild Puke.
For a grown person dissolve 20 grains of ipecacuanha in six spoonsful
of warm water; give a spoonful every ten minutes until it operates.
An active Puke.
For an adult, dissolve 20 grains of sulphate of zinc (white vitriol) in a
cup of warm water. Generally used in very urgent cases, such as when
the person has swallowed poison.
Antimonial Wine.
Dissolve 40 grains of tartar emetic in 2 ounces of water; when dissolved,
add half a pint of Teneriffe wine. Let it stand three hours and it is made.
Tartar Emetic.
For an adult, warm water, 6 spoonsful; tartar emetic, 6 grains. Mix,
and when dissolved, give one tablespoonful every ten minutes until it operates.
An Active Purge.
Calomel, (for an adult,) 25 grains, to be followed next day with a small
dose of castor oil.
A Favourite Purge.
For a grown person, calomel, 15 grains; jalap, 15 grains. Mix in some
syrup.
Salts, Senna, and Manna.-A purgative.
Take half an ounce of salts, half do. senna, half do. manna, and put
them into a pint of hot water, covering the vessel. For an adult give one
teacupful every half hour until it operates.
Lee's Antibilious Pills.-A purgative.
Take 5 grains of calomel, 10 do. jalap, 2 do. gamboge, and half do tar
tar emetic. Make into four pills. The above is for one dose.




ï~~b8

PiAACTICAL RECEIPTS.

To Preserve Apples, 4fc.
1. Take apples, and pack them in clean, dry, chopped straw, so that
they do not touch each other.
2. Dip each apple separately into melted wax, then pack as above.
To Preserve Apples, Pears, 4c.
Take apples or pears, and peel them, then cut them into eighths, observing
to extract the core; dry in a kiln until quite hard.
In this way fruit is kept in the United States for two or three years.
For use, wash the fruit in water, then pour boiling water on it, let it
stand for a few minutes and use it as fresh fruit. The water forms an excellent substitute for fresh juice.
Apple Wine.
Finest cider, 60 gallons; brown sugar, J cwt.; bitter almonds, I ounce.
Mix the cider and sugar and ferment, then rack the mixture, and put into
the cask the almonds, with sixteen or eighteen cloves, and three or four
pieces of bruised ginger. When fine, bottle it, and keep it in a cool place.
The addition of a small piece of lump-sugar to each bottle will make
the cork fly out, as from champaigne; but do not add this, unless you
have a very cold cellar to keep it in.
Arbor Diance.
Nitrate of silver, 2 parts; water, 70 parts. Dissolve and filter; put the
clear into a convenient bottle, and then add mercury, 2 parts. Set it aside;
metallic vegetation will immediately commence.
Lump Archil.
Ground archil, 4 parts; pearlash, 2 parts; lime powder (old), 1 part.
Make into a paste with urine, and cut into shapes.
Argentum Musivum.
Bismuth, 2 pounds; tin, 2 pounds. Melt, then add quicksilver, I pouno.
Aromatic Plaster.
Thuris, 6 ounces; yellow wax, 1 ounce: powdered cassia, 1 ounce;
oil of pimento, 1 drachm; essence of lemon, 1 drachm. Mix. For indi
gestion, dyspepsia, &c.
Cheap Aromatic Vinegar.
Common vinegar, and saturate the acid with chalk, dry the precipitated
powder, and pour on it sulphuric acid.
Substitute for Arrow-Root.
Finest potato-starch, 3 cwt.; lump-sugar, 8 pounds; finely ground rice,
Q1 pounds. Mix and sift through lawn. Yields 1 cwt. of excellent arrowroot.
Asiatic Dentifrice.
Armenian bole, 3 parts; prepared chalk, 2 parts; ochre, 1 part; pumice
'tone, one part. Reduce to fine powder and sift through lawn. Scent
with musk.




ï~~PRACTICAL  RECEIPTS.

WO

Armenian Cement.
1. " The jewellers of Turkey, who are mostly Armenians, (we are is
formed by that most respectable and intelligent traveller, Mr. Eton, formerly
a consul in that country, and author of a Survey of the Turkish Empire),
have a singular method of ornamenting watch-cases, &c., with diamonds
and other precious stones, by simply glueing or cementing them on. The
stone is set in silver or gold, and the lower part of the metal made flat, o
to correspond with the part to which it is to be fixed; it is then warmed
gently, and has the glue applied, which is so very strong, that the parts
thus cemented never separate: this glue, which will strongly unite bits of
glass, and even polished steel, and may of course be applied to a vast variety of useful purposes, is thus made: Dissolve five or six bits of gum
mastich, each the size of a large pea, in as much spirits of wine as will
suffice to render it liquid, and, in another vessel, dissolve as much isinglass,
previously a little softened in water, (though none of the water must be
used), iii French brandy or good rum, as will make a two ounce phial of
very strong glue, adding two small bits of gum galbanum or ammoniacum,
which must be rubbed or ground till they are dissolved. Then mix the
whole with a sufficient heat. Keep the glue in a phial closely stopped,
and when it is to be used, set the phial in boiling water. Mr. Eton observes, that some persons have sold a composition under the name of Armenian cement, in England; but this composition is badly made: it is
much too thin, and the quantity of mastich is much too small."
2. Thick isinglass glue, 1 part; thick mastic varnish, 1 part. Melt the
glue, mix, and keep it in a closely corked phial. For use, put the phial in
hot water.
Factitious Archil.
Rotten onions, 12 parts; pearlash, 12 parts. Steep four days in a sufflicient quantity of urine, then add sugar of lead, 3 parts. Shake frequently
for four days longer.
This receipt is taken on the authority of a country correspondent; it is
doubtful, however, whether it will always produce the required result.
Imitation of Arrack.
Flowers of Benjamin, 1 ounce; rum, 3 gallons; silent spirit, 4 gallons.
Mix.
L1iquid Asphaltum.
Asphaltum, 4 parts; Scio turpentine, 6 parts. Melt, then add spirits
of turpentine, 7 parts.
Asafoetida Plaster.
Diachylon, 2 pounds; asafoetida, 2 pounds; galbanum, 1 pound; yellow
wax, 1 pound. Mix. For hysterics, flatulence, &c., applied to the navel.
Astringent Pills.
1. Extract of Peruvian bark, 1 drachm; gum kino, 1 drachm; alum,
drachm    nutmeg, 1 scruple; syrup to mix. Divide into thirty-six pills.
Dose, one or two, three times a day.
2. Alum, 1 drachm; catechu, 2 drachms; opium, 12 grains. Mix and
divide into sixty pills. Dose three, twice a dlay.




ï~~(60

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS

Astringent Ointment.
1. Lard, 1 pound; yellow resin, 1 pound; spirits of turpentine, 1 pound,
alum, 8 ounces. Mix.
2. Simple ointment, 4 ounces; oil of turpentine, 2 ounces; acetate of
lead, 3 drachms. Mix.
Yellow Arsenic.
Arsenic, 80 pounds; sulphur, 10 pounds. Mix and sublime.
Astringent Pills, for obstinate Gleet or Leucorrhoea, 4~c.
Gum kino, 1 part; Canadian turpentine, 4 parts; powder of tormentill9
to mix. Divide into five-grain pills. Dose, two to six, night and morning
Aurum Musivum, or Bisulphuret of Tin.
1. Tin filings, sulphur, sal ammoniac, equal quantities. Mix and sub.
lime. If the fire is raised too high, the product will only be a grey sulphuret.
2. Tin, 12 parts; mercury, 3 parts; sulphur, 7 parts; sal ammoniac, 3
parts. Mix and expose them in a matrass to a gentle heat, in a sand bath,
then gradually and cautiously raise the heat a little, and calcine for two or
three hours.
Autographic Ink for Lithographers.
White soap, 25 parts; white wax, 25 parts; mutton suet, 6 parts; lampblack, 6 parts; shell lac, 10 parts; mastic, 10 parts. Mix with heat, and
proceed as for lithographic ink.
Beautiful Azure.
Mercury, 4 parts; sulphur and ammonia, 1 part each. Grind them together, and expose them to a low heat, then increase the fire until an azure
flame arises; cover up and cool.
Fine Azure from Copper.
Soda, 5 parts; flint powder, 7 parts; copper filings, 1 part. Fuse together for two hours.
Dr. Bailey's Itch Ointment.
Sweet oil, 1 pound; suet, 1 pound; root alkanet, 2 ounces. Melt and
macerate until sufficiently coloured, then add powdered nitre, 3 ounces;
powdered alum, 3 ounces; powdered sulphate of zinc, 3 ounces; powdered
vermilion, to colour; oil of aniseed, to perfume; oil of spike, to perfume,
oil of origanum, to perfume.
Balsamic Vinegar, for Sick Chambers, 4.c.
hue, sage, rosemary, lavender, cassia and cloves, of each, 1 ounce;
camphor (powdered), 2 ounces; strong vinegar, I gallon. Steep for one
week.
Balls for removing Grease and Paint Spots from Cloth, c4c.
Fuller's earth, 30 parts; French chalk, 1 part; yellow soap, 20 parts;
pearlash, 15 parts. Make into a paste with spirits of turpentine, and give
it a slight colour with a little yellow ochre, then cut it into cakes. This
form, omitting the French chalk, is that which is sold about the streets




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

61

Dr. Bailey's Prescription for Indigestion.
Rose water, 1 pint; sulphate of magnesia, 6 drachms; tincture of cas.
earilla, 1 ounce. Mix. Dose, 3 table-spoonfuls twice a day.
Baker's Stuff.
Alum, 1 part; salt, 3 parts. Mix and sift.
Factitious Balm of Gilead.
Benzoin, 1 pound; yellow rosin, 14 pound. Melt, and add oil of lemon.
4 ounces; oil of rosemary, 4 ounces; oil of caraway, 4 ounces; spirit to
reduce it to a proper consistence.
Balm of Molucca, (Aromatic.)
Proof spirit, 1 gallon; white sugar, 4 pounds; river water, 6 pounds,
powdered cloves, j ounce; powdered mace, s ounce; burnt sugar to colour. Macerate for ten days in a close vessel.
Balm Wine,
Same as sage wine, with the substitution of balm for sage.
Factitious Balsam of Peru.
Balsam of Tolu, 3 pounds; gum benzoin, 6 pounds; alcohol, 1 gallon.
Mix. Used in perfumery.
Soluble Balsam.
Capaiva, 2 parts; rather, 5 parts; tincture of myrrh, 1 part. Dissolve
with heat, in a close vessel.
Barberry Marmalade.
Pulp of barberries; sugar to sweeten. Boil to one-half.
Barclay's Antibilious Pills.
Extract of colocynth, 2 drachms; extract of jalap, 1 drachm; almond
soap, 11 drachms; guaiacum, 3 drachms; tartarized antimony, 8 grains;
oil of juniper, 4 drops; oil of caraway, 4 drops; oil of rosemary, 4 drops
Form into a mass with syrup of buckthorn, and divide into pills.
Essential Salt of Bark.
Bark (bruised), 1 part; cold water, 10 parts. Digest for two days, then
stramin and evaporate with a gentle heat.
Extract of Bark.
Bark, 1 pound; water, 1 gallon. Boil, strain while hot, and gradually
evaporate. When this article is dried in a water-bath fit for powdering
it is then called hard extract of bath.
To Preserve Barks.
Barks may be conveniently preserved, by placing them in coarse brown
paper bags, and hanging them up, in some airy and dry situation, until al
extraneous moisture has evaporated.
Barnstaple Ale.
Similar to the ether kinds of pale ale.
6




ï~~1

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS

Paregoric.
Take 4 a drachm of opium, or 1 ounce of laudanum, to a pint of spin
of any kind. Add thereto 4 a drachm of flowers of benzoin, oil of anise
j a drachm, camphor, 1 scruple. Dose for adults 1 to 2 drachms; children from 2 to 4 years, 15 to 20 drops.
Bell Metal.
1. Copper, 25 parts; tin, 5 parts. Mix.
2. Copper, 79 parts; tin, 26 parts. Mix.
3. Copper, 78 parts; tin, 22 parts. Mix.
Common Bell Metal.
Copper, 100 parts; tin 50 parts. Mix.
Parisian Bell Metal.
Copper, 72 parts; tin, 264 parts; iron, 14 parts. Used for the bells
of small ornamental clocks.
Bengal Flames.
Nitre, 7 parts; sulphur, 2 parts; antimony, I part. Mix, press the
composition into earthen porringers, and place a quick match on the surface, or a little rocket powder.
Factitious Beryl.
Oxide of cobalt, I part; glass of antimony, 16 parts; strass, 2310
parts. Fuse carefully for twenty-five to thirty hours, then cool slowly.
Bichloride of Mercury.
Persulphate of mercury, chloride of sodium, equal parts. Sublime in a
stone-ware cucurbit.
Bicarbonate of Potass.
Oil of tartar, saw-dust, each a sufficient quantity. Make into a dough.
and heat the mixture in a covered crucible until red-hot, then cool, wash
out the salt, and evaporate with a gentle heat.
Bicyanide of Mercury.
Percyanide of iron, 4 ounces; binoxide of mercury, 5 ounces; distilled
water, 1 quart. Boil together, then evaporate and crystallize.
Bilberry Wine.
Fruit, cider, and water, each 20 gallons; raw sugar, 60 pounds. Boil
and ferment, then add, red tartar, dissolved, 4 pound; spirit, 2 or 3 gal
Ions; ginger (bruised), lavender, and rosemary leaves, of each 4 ounces.
Remedy for Biliary Calculi.
Sulphuric ether, 3 parts; oil of turpentine, 2 parts. Mix. Dose, half
a drachm night and morning, in any warm liquid.
Birch Wine.
Biren water, 1 hogshead; malaga raisins (stalks and ail), 50 pounds
sugar, 100 pounds. Boil and ferment, then rack it, and let it stand foi
six months.




ï~~PFACTICAL  RECEIPTS.

0

Biniodide of Mercury.
Wercury, 4 parts; iodine, 5 parts. Mix as for the iodide of mercury.
Solution of Biniodide of Mercury.
Alcohol, 3 ounces; biniodide of me:cury, 2 scruples. Dissolve.  Dose,
P to 20 drops in distilled water.
Birdlime.
The middle bark of the holly, any quantity; boil it for seven or eight
h )urs in water, or until it is soft and tender, then drain the water off, and
place it in pits under ground, surrounded with stones; let it remain to
ferment, and water it if required until it passes into a mucilaginous state.
Then pound it well and wash it in several waters, next leave it for four or
five days to ferment and purify itself.
Birdlime Varnish for Balloons.
Birdlime, 4 parts; boiled oil, 4 parts. Boil until the birdlime ceases to
cackle, then add boiled oil, 6 parts; litharge, 1 part. Boil again till it
becomes stringy, then remove it from the fire and add turpentine 6 parts.
Apply this varnish lukewarm.
Biscuit Jelly.
White biscuit, 1 pound; white sugar, 3 pounds; water, 2 gallons. Boil
to one-half, strain and evaporate to a proper consistence, then add wine, I
pint; cinnamon, 2 ounce.
Bistre.
Wood soot. Grind it with a little water, then mix it with a large quantity of water, wash it well, collect it and dry it on porous stone.
Lotion for Bites and Stings.
I. Distilled water, 5 parts; laudanum, 1 part. Mix.
2. Distilled water, 15 parts; water of ammonia, 2 parts. Mix.
3. Chloride of lime, I part; warm water, 11 parts. Put them into a
bottle, cork it close and agitate them well until cold, then pour off the
clear.
Bitter Almond Water.
Bitter almonds, bruised, 7 pounds; water, 12 gallons. Draw    off 10
gallons.
Bitter Balls.
Powdered gentian, 2 parts; extract of gentian, 1 part; treacle to mix.
These are used by brewers for the purpose of imparting a bitter to beer.
Brewer's Bittern.
1. Quassia, 2 parts; cocculus indicus, 1 part; Italian juice, 1 part; water, 25 parts. Boil until reduced to 20 parts, then add copperas, 1 parr.
Boil to a syrup.
2. Extract of quassia, extract of cocculus indicus, extract of liquorice,
sulphate of iron, equal parts. This preparation is used for the same
purpose as the last, and also to give an appearance of strength to weak
l or.




ï~~64

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Essence of Bitter Almonds.
Essential oil of almonds, 1 pound; alcohol, 7 pounds. Mix.
Black Ball for Leather.
Beeswax, 2 pounds; tallow, 4 pound; gum arabic, 4 pound; lamp
olack, I pound. Melt the tallow and wax, then cool a little andti sti min the
olack and gum, previously made into a thick mucilage.
Blackberry Wine.
Ripe berries, bruised, 20 gallons; pour on them water, hot, 22 gallons.
Let them stand three days, then add sugar, 40 pounds. I erment, rack,
and add ginger, bruised, 2 ounces; catechu powder, 2 ounces; red tartar
8 ounces; cloves 2 ounce; spirit, 2 gallons.
Black Cake that will keep a Year.
Sugar, 1 pound; butter, 1 pound; flour, 1 pound; ten eggs; brandy,
pint; raisins, 2 pounds; currants, 2 pounds. Mace, nutmegs, and
cloves to flavour. Bake it well.
Black Currant Wine.
Cold soft water, 20 gallons; fruit, 20 gallons; sugar, 60 pounds; ferment, then add red tartar, dissolved, 8 ounces; cloves, j ounce; dried
erange-peel, J ounce; ginger, " ounce.
Black Draught.
Senna, small, 2 ounces; ginger, 2 drachms; cassia, 2 drachms; water,
21 ounces; tincture of senna, 2 ounces; Epsom salts, 4 pound. Mix and
digest. Dose for an adult, one ounce and a half to two ounces.
Black Drop.
1. Opium, sliced, 16 parts; verjuice, 100 parts; nutmegs, 3 parts;
saffron, I part; sugar, 8 parts; yeast, 1 part. Boil the first four to a pro.
per consistence, then add the sugar and yeast; let it stand in a warm situation for fifty or sixty days, then decant for use.
2. Opium, sliced, 1 pound; distilled vinegar, 4 pounds. Infuse with
occasional agitation for one month, then filter.
Black Dye for Cotton.
Acetate of iron as a mordant; and dye in a bath of madder and log.
wood.
Black Japan for Leather.
Boiled oil, 1 gallon; burnt umber, 5 ounces; asphaltum, 5 ounces;
lamphlack, 1 pound. Thin with spirits of turpentine.
Black Japan.
1. Boiled oil, 1 gallon; umber, 8 ounces; asphaltum, 3 ounces, oil of
turpentine, as much as will reduce it to the thinness required.
2. Asphaltum, 50 pounds; fuse, then add dark anim, 8 pounds; dark
amber, 10 pounds; when melted, put in boiled drying oil, 15 gallons;
litharge, 1 pound. Boil until perfectly mixed and stringy, then cool and
thin with turpentine.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

65

Black for Miniature Painters.
Take camphor, and set it on the fire, and collect the soot by means of a
saucer or paper-funnel inverted over it.
Perfectly Black Hard Glass.
Plain paste, 600 parts; zaffre, 3 parts; manganese, 3 parts; iron, 3
parts.
Black Enamel.
Clay, 2 parts; protoxide of iron, 1 part. Mix.
Blacking Balls for Leather.
Ivory black, 1 pound; lampblack, 1 pound; common gum, J pound;
drown sugar, 6 ounces; isinglass or glue,   ounce; water, 1 quart. Mix
Black Liquid.
Ivory black, 2 pounds; treacle, 2 pounds; sweet oil, 1 pound; rub to.
gether until well mixed, then add oil of vitriol,   pound. Mix well and
dilute with beer bottoms.
Paste Blacking.
Oil of vitriol, 2 parts; sweet oil, 1 part; treacle, 3 parts ivory black,
4 parts. Mix.
Black Ink Powders.
Sulphate of iron, 2 parts; galls, 5 parts; gum, 1 part. Reduce to a
powder and divide into one-ounce papers, each of which will make half a
pint of ink.
Blacklead Pencils.
The easiest way of producing, not only blacklead, but all sorts of pencils, is by the following process, which at once combines simplicity, cheap.
ness, and the finest quality.
Take white or pipe-clay: put it into a tub of clean water, to soak for 12
hours, then agitate the whole, until it resembles milk, let it rest two or three
minutes and pour off the supernatant milky liquor into a second vessel,
allow it to settle, pour off the clear and dry the residue on a filter. Then
add blacklead, any quantity. Powder it and calcine it at a white heat in
a loosely covered crucible, cool and carefillly repulverize, then add prepared
clay, prepared plumbago, equal parts. Water to mix. Make them into a
paste and put it into oiled moulds of the size required, dry very gradually,
and apply sufficient heat to give the required degree of hardness; lastly,
the pieces should be taken carefully from the moulds and placed in the
groves of the cedar. The more clay and heat employed, the harder the
crayon; less clay and heat of course produces a contrary effect. The
shade of black may also be varied in the same way. Each mould must
be made of four pieces of wood nicely fitted together.
Wash to fix Blacklead Pencil Drawings.
1. Isinglass, 1 part; water, 50 parts. Dissolve with heat and filter.
2. Take skimmed milk, and strain. For use, pour the liquid on a surface
sufficiently large, and take the drawing by the corners, lay it fl at on the
wash, then carefully remove it. and place it on a slanting surface to drain
and dry. This will also answer for chalk drawings.
6 *




ï~~66

FrRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

To economize Grain. (Singular.)
In July, 1842, Mr. Palmer put one grain of wheat in a common garden
pot. In August, he divided it into four plants, which in three weeks were
again divided into twelve; which in September were divided into thirtytwo; which in November were again divided into fifty, and set in open
ground. July 1843, twelve failed, but the remaining thirty-eight were
healthy. They were cut down August 19, and counted 1,972 stems, with
an average of 50 grains to the stemin, affording a yield of 98,600!
Cure for Bronchitis.
Croton oil, it is said, will entirely remove this complaint. For instance.
A minister of the presbyterian church, resident in Greene county, who has
been laid aside from his pastoral office by the bronchitis, for three years
past, has entirely recovered his voice by the application of croton oil to the
surface of the throat, against the organ affected, sent him three weeks ago
by Dr. White of Hudson. One drop, daily rubbed over the surface, produced a singular but powerful eruption of the skin, which, as it progressed,
restored his voice to its full tone and vigour, so as to enable him to commence public speaking, anew.
Gardening in Ceylon.
I often practise taking off large branches from some kinds of trees, so as
to form new ones, according to the Eastern plan, by causing water continually to drop upon matting bound round part of a branch, into which a
sufficient incision has been made, and where, in a short time, a good root
is formed. The branch is then entirely sawed off, and being planted in the
place intended for it, we have at once a handsome tree of the same kind.
producing the same fruit or blossoms as that from which it was taken.
To Fatten Pigs very Fat.
Feed them on boiled rice.
Precipitation of Alum by adding Alkaline Salts.
Separate from the concentrated clear liquor, the alum in the state of
powder or small crystals, by addition of the proper alkaline matter, and
leave the mingled foreign salts, such as the sulphate of iron or magnesia, in
solution, instead of trying to abstract these salts by a previous crystallization.
To Wash the Alum Powder.
This crystalline pulverulent matter has a brownish colour, from the admixture of the ferruginous liquors, but is freed by washing it with very cold
clear water, which dissolves not more than one sixteenth of its weight of
alum. A second washing will render the alum nearly pure. The less
water is used, and the more effectually it is drained off, the more complete
is the process.
Crystallization of Alum.
The washed alum is put into a leaden pan, with just enough water to
dissolve it at a boiling heat; fire is applied, and the solution is promoted
by stirring. When it is dissolved in a saturated state, it is run off into the
-*rystallizing vessels which are called rocking casks.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

67

To kill Borers in Trees.
Stop up their holes with hard soap. It is a simple and a very good remedy.
Fruit Trees.
All kinds of fruit trees put out a great many sprouts from the limbs and
roots, called suckers. Take these, cut the butt end into a wedge; take the
root of any wood the same size, split it and run the sucker into that split,
and they will unite, and the root will support the shoot, till new roots can
put out. Let it stand till it shall attain the size desired, and then transplant it.
To destroy Thistles, Fern, and Coltsfoot.
Run over your fields once or twice about the first of June, with a heavy
cast-iron roller.
Cure for what is called a Run-round on the Finger.
The first symptom of the disease is a heat, from swelling and pain, and
a redness at the top of the nail. To cure-first open with a pin; then, with
the point of a penknife, scratch the whole surface of the nail, both lengthwise and across. This alone; it is said, checks and cures the complaint.
Zest for Gravies.
Take powdered thyme, sage, cayenne pepper, pimento, black pepper
coriander seeds, and mace, in fine powder, equal parts. Well mix.
Bleeding at the Nose.
To cure it, apply to the neck behind and on each side, a cloth dipped in
cold water: or, put the legs and arms in cold water: or, wash the temples,
nose and neck, with vinegar: or, snuff up vinegar and water.
To make Amadou.
This is prepared from a species of agaric, the boletus igniarius, a kind
of mushroom, which grows on the trunks of old trees, such as the oak, ash,
beech, &c. It must be gathered in the months of August and September.
Cut off the outer bark of this substance with a sharp knife, separating carefully the spongy substance of a yellow brown colour, which lies within it,
from the ligneous matter below. This substance must then be cut into thin
slices, and beat with a mallet to soften it, until it can be easily pulled asunder between the fingers. In this state the boletus is a valuable substance
bfor stopping oozing hemorrhages, and some other surgical purposes. To
convert it into tinder, boil it in a strong solution of nitre; drying it, beatmg it anew, and putting it a second time into the solution. Sometimes, in
order to render it very inflammable, it is imbued with gunpowder, whence
the distinction of black and brown Amadou.
To Fatten Poultry quick.
Boil rice in sweet milk, and feed them with it.
To Raise Bread without Yeast.
Mix in your flour, of pearlash or subcarbonate of soda, 2 parts; tartaric
acid, 1 part; both finely powdered. Make up your bread with warm
water. adding but a little at a time, and bake soon.




ï~~68

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

To prevent Swelling from a Bruise.
Immediately apply a cloth, five or six fold, dipped in cold water, and
new dipped when it grows warm.
A Burn or Scald.
If it be but skin deep, immediately plunge the part in cold water; keep it
in an hour, if not well before. Perhaps longer.
A Deep Burn or Scald.
Apply the inner rind of elder well mixed with fresh butter. When this
is bound on with a rag, plunge the part into cold water. This will suspend
the pain till the medicine heals. Or, mix lime-water and sweet oil to the
thickness of cream, and apply it with a feather several times a day. This
is a most effectual application.
Chilblains.
Bathe the feet often in cold water, and when this is done, apply a turnip
poultice.
Children.
To prevent the rickets, tenderness, and weakness, dip them in cold water
every morning, at least till they are eight or nine months old. No roller
should ever be put round their bodies, nor any stays used. Instead of them
when they are put into short petticoats, put a waistcoat under their frocks.
It is best to wean a child when seven months old, if it be disposed to
rickets. It should lie in the cradle at least a year. No child should touch
any spirituous or fermented liquor. Their drink should be water. Tea,
they should never taste till ten or twelve years old. Milk, milk-porridge,
and water-gruel, are the proper breakfast for children.
Chin-cough or Whooping-cough.
Rub the feet thoroughly with hog's lard, before the fire, on going to bed,
and keep the child warm therein. Or, rub the back, at lying down, with
old rum: it seldom fails. Or, give a spoonful of juice of penny-royal,
mixed with brown sugar candy, twice a day. Or, half a pint of milk,
warm from the cow, with the quantity of a nutmeg of conserve of roses
dissolved in it, every morning. In desperate cases, change of air will have
a good effect.
Cholera Morbus, i. e. Flux and Vomiting of Bile.
Boil a chicken an hour in two gallons of water, and drink of this till the
vomiting ceases. Or, decoction of rice, or barley, or toasted oaten bread.
If the pain is very severe, steep the belly with flannels dipped in spirits
and water. The third day after the cure, take ten or fifteen grains of rhu
barb.
Chaps in Women's Nipples.
Apply balsam of sugar. Or, apply butter of wax, which speedily hea.s
them.
To prevent Chapped Hands.
Wasn them with flour of mustard, or in bran and water boiled together
To Cure-Wash them with soft soap, mixed with red sand. Or, wash
them in sugar and water.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

69

A Cold.
Drink a pint of cold water, lying down in bed. Or, a spoonful of molasses in half a pint of water. Or, to one spoonful of ratmeal and one
spoonful of honey, add a piece of butter the bigness of a,utmeg: pour on
gradually near a pint of boiling water: drink this lying down in bed.
The Colic, in the Fit.
Drink of camomile tea. Or, take from thirty to forty grains of yellow
peel of oranges, dried and powdered, in a glass of water. Or, take from
five to six drops of oil of aniseed on a lump of sugar. Or, apply outwardly a bag of hot oats. Or, steep the legs in hot water a quarter of an
hour. Or, take as much Daffy's elixir as will presently purge. This relieves the most violent colic in an hour or two.
Daffy's Elixir is made thus:-Senna, 2 ounces; jalap, 1 ounce; coriander seed, half an ounce; Geneva, or proof spirit, 3 pints. Let them digest
seven days, strain, and add loaf-sugar, 4 ounces.
To prevent the Dry Colic.
Drink ginger tea.
Colic in Children.
Give a scruple of powdered aniseed in their meat, or small doses of magnesia; or a drachm of anisated tincture of rhubarb every three hours till it
operates.
Bilious Colic.
Drink warm lemonade, or give a spoonful of castor oil.
An Habitual Colic.
Wear a thin soft flannel on the part.
A Dry or Convulsive Asthma.
It is said that the juice of radishes is good in this complaint. A small
dose of castor oil, taken occasionally, will be found beneficial; or new milk
drunk morning and evening. Other remedies are recommended, such as
garlic, saffron, ipecacuanha.
To Cure Asthma.
Take a pint of cold water every morning, washing the head therein immediately after, and using the cold bath once a fortnight. Or, cut an ounce
of stick liquorice into slices. Steep this in a quart of water twenty-four
hours, and use it, when you are worse than usual, as common drink. I
have known this give much ease. Or, half a pint of tar-water twice a day.
Or, live a fortnight on boiled carrots only. It seldom fails. Or, take from
ten to twenty drops of elixir of vitriol, in a glass of water, three or four
times a day. Or, into a quart of boiling water, put a tea-spoonful of balsamic ether, receive the steam into the lungs, through a fumigator, twice a
day.
Corns.
Never cut your corns: it is dangerous. To remove them when they become hard, soak them in warm water, and then with a small pumice stone,
rasp down the corn. Try it, and you will never use a knife afterwards.




ï~~70

PRACTICAL. RECEIPTS.

Magnesia,
If you have not French chalk, will effectually remove grease spc ts from
ilk, on rubbing it in well, and after standing awhile, apply a piece of soft
brown paper to the wrong side, on which press a warm iron gently, and
what grease is not absorbed by the paper can be removed by washing the
spot carefully with cold water.
Cook's Pills.-A purgative.
Take equal parts of calomel, rhubarb, and aloes, and with a little honey
form into pills of a common size. Dose, from three to four.
To dye Grey or Red Hair Black.
Take slaked lime, 1 pound; litharge, 4 ounces; chalk, 4 ounces; ceruse,
(white lead,) 2 ounces. Mix into a thick paste with warm water immediately on going to bed. Comb the hair well on to the top of the head,
then apply the paste, while warm, completely embedding the hair; then,
with a cotton cloth sufficiently large to cover the head, dipped into warm
water and wrung out, the head is to be enveloped, while the cloth is warm;
then tie over all a large silk handkerchief, or a piece of oiled silk. The
object of thus enveloping the head is to keep the paste warm, and at the
same time from drying. In two hours the hair will turn brown, and by
morning it will be a good black. The powder can easily be removed by a
brush. As soon as the hair is cleansed, apply some olive oil, to give the
hair a fine appearance. This is the best receipt known; it will not stain
the skin, and the only disagreeable result that can arise, is to those who
have a very tender skin, which will become a little inflamed. If it is desirable to have the hair of a brown colour, the paste may be removed in two
hours, in the manner above mentioned, or by moistening the paste and
using a fine-tooth comb.
Forty-two Experimental Receipts on Combustion and Detonation.
1. Spread a piece of tin foil, such as is used for coating electrical jars,
upon a piece of thick paper; spread some powdered crystals of nitrate of
copper upon it, and sprinkle it with water. Fold it up quickly, and wrap
it round carefully with the paper, more effectually to exclude the atmospheric air. Place it then upon a tile, and in a short time combustion will
commence, and the tin will inflame.
2. Take 3 parts of nitre, 2 of potash, and one of sulphur; all of these
should be thoroughly dry; then mix them by rubbing them together in a
warm mortar: the resulting compound is called fulminating powder. If a
little of this powder be placed upon a fire-shovel over a hot fire, it gradually blackens, and at last melts. At that instant it explodes with a violent
report. Note. This mixture is not dangerous, like the metallic fulminating
powders, none of which should be intrusted in the hands of young people.
3. If a few pounds of a mixture of iron filings and sulphur be made into
paste with water, and buried in the ground for a few hours, the water will
be decomposed with so much rapidity, that combustion and flame will be
the consequence.
4. Put a little fresh calcined magnesia in a tea-cup upon the hearth, and
suddenly pour over it as much concentrated sulphuric acid as will cover th4




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

71

magnesia. In an instant sparks will be thrown out, and the mixture wil
be completely ignited.
5. Make a little charcoal perfectly dry, pulverize it very fine, and put it
into a warm tea-culip. If some strong nitrous acid be now poured upon it,
combustion and inflammation will immediately ensue.
6. If strong nitrous acid be poured upon a small quantity of a mixture
of oxymuriate of potash and phosphorus, flashes of fire will be emitted at
intervals for a considerable time.
7. Put a bit of phosphorus into a small phial, then fill it one-third with
boiling olive oil, and cork it close. Whenever the stopper is taken out in
the night, light will be evolved sufficient to show the hour upon a watch.
8. Burn a piece of iron wire in a deflagrating jar of oxygen gas, and
suffer it to burn till it goes out of itself. If a lighted wax taper be now let
down into the gas, this will burn in it for some time, and then become extinguished. If ignited sulphur be now introduced, this will also burn for
a limited time. Lastly, introduce a morsel of phosphorus, and combustion
will also follow in like manner. These experiments show the relative combustibility of different substances.
9. When antimony is heated to whiteness in a crucible, and in this state
agitated, in contact with the air, it inflames with a sort of explosion, and
presents while burning a very singular kind of white flame, forming what
have been formerly called argentine flowers.
10. When antimony is well fused upon charcoal, and if, at the moment
when its surface is not covered with any particle of oxide, we throw it suddenly on the ground, the globules into which it divides in its fall burn with
a very lively flame, throwing out on all sides brilliant sparks, different from
that of any other metal.
11. Mix five or six grains of sulphuret of antimony with half its weight
of oxy-muriate of potash, and then, if a sudden stroke be given to the mixture, upon a steel anvil, it fulminates with a loud report, emitting, according to Foureroy, a flame as brilliant and rapid as lightning.
12. Into a tea-cup, placed upon a hearth, and containing about a tablespoonful of oil of turpentine, pour about half the quantity of strong nitrous
acid, previously mixed with a few drops of sulphuric acid. The moment
the acids come in contact with the turpentine, heat and flame will be produced. In performing this experiment, it is advisable to mix the acids in a
phial, to tie the phial to the end of a stick, and, at arm's length, to pour its
contents into the oil, as the sudden combustion sometimes occasions a part
of the liquids- to be thrown out of the vessel.
13. Pour a little pure water into a small glass tumbler, and put one or
two small pieces of phosphuret of lime into it. In a short time flashes of
fire will dart from the surface of the water, and terminate in ringlets of
smoke, which will ascend in regular succession.
14. Into an eight-ounce retort pour 4 ounces of pure water, add a little
solution of pure potash, and give it a boiling heat with a lamp. When it
ooils, drop a small piece of phosphorus into it, and immerse the beak of the
retort in a vessel of water. Bubbles of phosphuretted hydrogen gas will
issue from the retort, rise through the water, and take fire the moment they
come in contact with atmospheric air, somewhat similar to the appearance
mentioned in Experiment No. 13.




ï~~72

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

15. Put 30 grains of phosphorus into a Florence flask, with 3 or 4 ounces
of water. Place the vessel over a lamp, and give it a boiling heat. Balls
of fire will soon be seen to issue from the water, after the manner of an
artificial fire-work, attended with the most beautiful coruscations. An ex
periment to show the extreme inflammability of phosphorus.
16. Fix a small piece of solid phosphorus in a quill, and write with it
upon paper. If the paper be now carried into a dark room, the writing
will be beautifully luminous.
17. Pour a little phosphuretted ether upon a lump of sugar, and drop h
into a glass of water, a little warm. The surface of the water will soon
become luminous, and if it be moved by blowing gently with the mouth,
beautiful and brilliant undulations of its surface will be produced, exhibiting the appearance of a liquid combustion.
18. If any part of the body be rubbed with liquid phosphorus, or phosphuretted ether, that part, in a dark room, will appear as though it were on
fire, without producing any dangerous effect, or sensation of heat.
19. Take 2 grains of oxymuriate or chlorate of potash, and 1 grain of
flowers of sulphur; rub them together in a mortar, and a smart detonating
noise will be produced. Continue to rub the mixture hard, and the reports
will be frequently repeated, accompanied with vivid flashes of light. If the
same mixture be wrapped in paper, laid on an anvil, and struck with a hammer, the report will be as loud as what is usually produced by a pistol.
20. Take 2 grains of the oxymuriate or chlorate of potash, and 1 grain
of phosphorus. Treat this mixture as in the last experiment, and very violent detonations will be produced. It is advisable never to exceed the
quantity of phosphorus that is prescribed here, and in other similar experiments.
21. Take a similar quantity of oxymuriate of potash, with 3 or 4 grains
of flower of sulphur, and mix the ingredients very well on paper. If a
little of this mixture be taken up on the point of a knife and dropped into
a wine-glass containing some sulphuric acid, a beautiful column of flame
will be perceived, the moment the powder comes in contact with the acid.
22. Put a little oxymuriate of potash and a bit of phosphorus into an
ale-glass, pour some cold water upon them cautiously, so as not to displace
the salt. Now take a small glass tube, and plunge it into some sulphuric
acid: then place the thumb upon the upper orifice, and in this state withdraw the tube, which must be instantly immersed in the glass, so that, on
removing the thumb, the acid may be immediately conveyed upon the ingredients. This experiment is an examinple of a very singular phenomenon,
combustion under water.
23. Proceed in all respects as in the last experiment, and add a morsel
of phosphuret of lime. Here, besides the former appearance, we shall have
combustion also on the surface of the water.
24. Prepare a mixture of equal parts of lump-sugar and oxymuriate of
potash; put a small quantity of this mixture upon a plate or a tile; then
dip a piece of sewing-thread into a phial of sulphuric acid, so as to convey
the smallest quantity of the acid: with this touch the powder, and an im
mediate burst of flame will be the consequence.
25. Mix, without much friction, 10 grains of oxymuriate of potash with




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

I grain of phosphorus, and drop the mixture into concentrated sulphuric
acid. This is an instance of detonation and flame being produced by the
mixture of a powder with a cold liquid.
26. Add a few grains of oxymuriate of potash to a teaspoonful or two of
alcohol, drop one or two drops of sulphuric acid upon the mixture, and the
whole will burst into flame, forming a very beautiful appearance.
27. A mixture of oxymuriate of potash and arsenic furnishes a detonating compound, which takes fire with the utmost rapidity. The salt and
metal, first separately powdered, may be mixed by the gentlest possible
triture, or rather by stirring them together on paper with the point of a
knife. If two long trains be laid on a table, the one of gunpowder and the
other of this mixture, and they be in contact with each other at one end,
so that they may be fired at once, the arsenical mixture burns with the
rapidity of lightning, while the other burns with comparative slowness.
28. Into an ale-glass of water put a few pieces of zinc, and a small bit
of phosphorus; then drop a little sulphuric acid upon the mixture by
means of a glass tube, as described in Experiment 22, and phosphuretted
hydrogen will presently be disengaged, which will inflame on rising to the
surface of the water.
29. Take a small piece of phosphuret of lime a little moistened by the
air, and let a single drop of concentrated muriatic acid fall upon it. In this
case phosphuretted hydrogen will also be evolved, accompanied by small
balls of fire darting from the mixture, and the most intolerable fetid smell
that can be conceived.
30. If 20 grains of phosphorus, cut very small, and mixed with 40 grains
of finely granulated zinc, be put into 4 drachms of water, and 2 drachms
of concentrated sulphuric acid be added thereto, bubbles of inflamed phosphuretted hydrogen gas will quickly cover the whole surface of the fluid in
succession, forming a real aqueous fountain of fire.
31. If any light substance, capable of conducting heat, be placed upon
the surface of boiling water, and a bit of phosphorus be laid upon it, the
heat of the water will be sufficient to set the phosphorus on fire.
32. If 1 grain of dry nitrate of bismuth be previously mixed with 1 of
phosphorus, and then rubbed together in a metallic mortar, a loud detona
tion will be produced.
33. Drop a piece of phosphorus about the size of a pea into a tumbler
of hot water, and from a bladder, furnished with a stop-cock, force a stream
of oxygen gas directly upon it. This will afford the most brilliant combustion under water that can be imagined.
34. Put a little alcohol in a tea-cup, set it on fire, and invert a large bellglass over it. In a short time an aqueous vapour will be seen to condense
upon the inside of the bell, which, by means of a dry sponge, may be collected, and its quantity ascertained. This may be adduced as an example
of the formation of water by combustion.
35. Take the metallic substance formed in the 36th experiment, called
potassium, make it very hot, and confine it in a small glass vessel of oxygen gas. Here a rapid combustion, with a brilliant white flame will be
produced, and the metallic globules will be converted into a white and solid
mass, which will be found to be regenerated pure potash.
7




ï~~74

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

36. Take a small piece of pure potash, gently breathe on its surface, and
place it on an insulated plate connected with the negative side of a powerful galvanic battery in a state of intense activity. Then bring a metallic
wire from the positive side of the battery in contact with the upper surface
of the alkali, and soon a very vivid action will be observed. Small globules,
having a high metallic lustre, and of the appearance of quicksilver, Â~ ill be
seen, some of which will burn with explosion and a bright flame as soon as
they are formed. Thus potash may be decomposed, and its metallic base
rendered visible in a separate state.
37. Place a small piece of potassium within a dry wine-glass, and in
order to acquire an idea of its specific gravity, pour a little alcohol, ether,
or naphtha upon it; when, quitting the bottom of the glass, it will immediately rise to the surface of the liquid, it being, notwithstanding its metallic appearance, the lightest fluid body known.
38. If a little potassium be dropped into a jar of oxymuriatic gas, it
burns. spontaneously, and emits a bright red light. In this experiment a
white salt is formed, being a true muriate of potash.
39. If a globule of potassium be thrown upon water, it decomposes it
with great violence: an instantaneous explosion is produced with brilliant
flame, and a solution of pure potash is the result.
40. If a similar globule be placed upon ice, it will spontaneously burn
with a bright flame, and perforate a deep hole in the ice, which will contain
a solution of potash.
41. Take a piece of moistened turmeric paper and drop a globule of po.
tassium upon it. At the moment that it comes into contact with the water
it burns and moves rapidly upon the paper, as if in search of moisture,
leaving behind it a deep reddish-brown trace.
42. When a globule of sodium is thrown into hot water, the decomposition of the water is so violent that small particles of the metal are thrown
out of the water, and actually burn with scintillations and flame in passing
through the atmosphere.
Sheep Husbandry.
1. If the production of wool is the object, take the Merino and Saxon,
and, if possible, procure Rambouillet and Paular rams to cross on the first,
as they are the largest and most superior class of animals we know, they
being originally derived from the same source, viz: the Merinos of
Spain.
2. If delicate mutton is wanted, with a medium fibre of wool, take South
Downs.
3. If larger mutton, with somewhat coarser quality of wool than the last,
though much longer and more of it, is desired, procure Cotswold, Leicester,
Bakewell, Lincoln, or New Oxford.
4. Many of those who have crossed the South Downs with the Leicester
and the other long-woolled sheep, prefer these, for the reasons stated in
No. 2.
5. Others greatly prefer a cross of the Leicester with the Merino, half
and half, and then breeding those grades together. Their reasons in favour
of this cross are these:-lst, It gives a large sheep, with plenty of mutton.
2d. A large fleece of wool, and of sufficient fineness for all purposes of do




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS,

75

mestic manufacture,,and gets rid of the troublesome length of the pure Leicester. 3. The animal is in good shape, good constitution, thrifty, hardy,
and comes to maturity one year sooner than the Merino, has nothing of his
rugged appearance, and has little or no gum in his wool.
Twelve Experimental Receipts on the Earths.
I. Pour a little lime-water into a wineglass and put some solution of oxalate of ammonia, equally transparent, into another glass. If the two clear
liquors be poured together, a white precipitate of oxalate of lime will immediately become visible.
2. Pour a little lime-water into a phial, and throw some carbonic acid
into it. The carbonic acid will seize the lime, and precipitate it in the state
of carbonate of lime.
3. Take the phial made use of in the last experimen, vith its contents,
and convey an additional portion of carbonic acid into it. The carbonate
of lime will now be re-dissolved, and the liquor rendered transparent.
4. Take the transparent liquid produced in the last experiment, and give
it heat. The earth will now be precipitated in the state of carbonate of
lime, as before.
5. Pour some lime-water into a wine-glass, and a little solution of carbonate of potash into another glass. When these two transparent fluids
are thrown together, an abundant precipitate of carbonate of lime will be
the consequence.
6. Proceed as in the last experiment, but instead of carbonate of potash,
pour a solution of Epsom salt into one of the glasses. When these transparent fluids are poured together, a mixed precipitate of carbonate of magnesia and sulphate of lime will be produced.
7. For another experiment, take in the same manner, separately, limewater and a solution of alum. The union of these solutions will produce
a mixed precipitate of alumina and sulphate of lime.
8. If a strong solution of caustic potash and a saturated solution of Epsom salt be mixed, the union of these transparent fluids will produce also
an abundant precipitate. But this will consist of magnesia and sulphate
of potash.
9. To a glass of water suspected to contain carbonic acid, add a small
quantity of any of the other acids. If carbonic acid be present, it will
become visible by a sparkling appearance on the sides of the glass and surface of the fluid.
10. Prepare two glasses of pure water, and into one of them drop a single
drop of sulphuric acid, and mix it with the water. Pour a little muriate of
barytes into the other glass, and no change will be perceived; pour somo
of the same solution into the first glass, containing the sulphuric acid, and
a white precipitate of sulphate of barytes will be produced.
11. Prepare two glasses of water as before, conduct the experiment in
the same way as the last, but instead of muriate of barytes, use nitrate of
lead. In this case sulphate of lead will be precipitated.
12. Fill a glass tumbler half full of lime-water; then breathe into it
frequently, at the same time stirring it with a piece of glass. The fluid,
which was before perfectly transparent, will presently become quite white,
end if suffered to remain at rest, real chalk will be deposited.




ï~~76

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Black Lozenges.
Liquorice, 2 parts; lump-sugar, 5 parts; powdered gum tragacanth, 2
parts. Make into a smooth paste, sufficiently thick to bear cutting into
lozenges.
To restore the Black Leather of Old Furniture.
Eggs, yolk and white well beaten, 6 parts; treacle, I part; isinglass, 1
part; water, 5 parts. Dissolve the isinglass in the water, then add it to the
other articles. Mix well. Colour with lampblack. This also forms a
good varnish for dress shoes.
Black Oil.
Oil of turpentine, j gallon; oil of vitriol, 12 ounces. Mix cautiously,
then add rape oil, 1 gallon.
-  Common Black Paint.
Ivory or lampblack, 1 cwt.; road dust, 2 cwt.; lime-water, 15 gallons;
oil to grind (factitious linseed).
Black Pectoral Lozenges.
Liquorice, 1 pound; white sugar, 2 pounds; powdered ipecacuanha, S
ounces. Mix with mucilage.
Black Reviver.
1. Galls, bruised, 1 pound; logwood, 1 pound; water, 1+ gallon. Boil
until reduced to one gallon, then add green copperas, 4 ounces. Dissolve
and strain, when cold add ox gall, 8 ounces. Mix and bottle for use.
2. Galls, 2 ounces; logwood, 2 ounces; sumach, 2 ounces; water, 3
pints. Boil to two pints, strain and add sulphate of iron, 1 ounce. Dissolve and add prepared ox gall, 1j ounces. Shake until mixed. Keep it
closely corked.
3. Logwood, 4 parts; galls, 1 part; soft water, 12 parts; sulphate of
the protoxide of iron, 1 part. Boil the first three for one hour, then cool,
decant the clear liquid, add the iron, and cork immediately.
Black Sealing Wax.
1. Shell lac, 2 parts; yellow resin, 3 parts; ivory black, 2 parts. Powder fine and mix by melting carefully.
2. Yellow resin, 15 pounds; lard, 1 pound; beeswax, 1 pound; lampblack, 3 pounds. Mix with heat.
To Clean Black Silks.
To bullock's gall, add boiling water sufficient to make it warm, and with
a clean sponge rub the silk well on both sides; squeeze it well out, and
proceed again in like manner. Rinse it in spring water, and change the
water till perfectly clean, dry it in the air, and pin it out on a table; but
first dip the sponge in glue-water, and rub it on the wrong side; then dry
it before a fire.
To Dye Woollens Black.
Take the cloth previously dyed blue and boil it for two hours in a bata
of gall-nuts, then pass it for two hours through a hot bath of logwood and
copperas.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

77

Black Soap.
Take common soft soap; ivory black or chimney soot to colour.
Black Sprinkle for Leather Book-Covers, 4c.
Green copperas, 1 part; soft water, hot, 6 parts. Dissolve.
Black Stain for Glass.
1. Black scales of iron, 29 parts; white crystal glass, 4 parts; antimony, 2 parts; manganese, 1 part; vinegar to mix.
2. Glass of antimony, 1 part; oxide of copper, 2 parts; crystal glass, J
parts. Mix.
Black Varnish.
Take any varnish, of the class you wish, 16 parts; lampblack, 2 parts.
Grind the black in a small quantity of the varnish, then mix it with the
remainder.
To Clean Black Veils.
Pass them through a warm liquor of bullock's gall and water; rinse in
cold water; then take a small piece of glue, pour boiling water on it, and
pass the veil through it; clap it, and frame to dry.
Black Wash.
Calomel, 120 grains; lime-water, 1 pint. Mix. Used as a wash for
syphilitic ulcers, &c.
Bleeding of a Wound.
1. Make two or three tight ligatures towards the lower part of each
joint; slacken them gradually.
2. Apply tops of nettles, bruised.
3. Strew on it the ashes of a linen rag, dipped in sharp vinegar and
burnt.
4. Take ripe puff-balls, break them warily, and save the powder. Strew
this on the wound and bind it on. This will stop the bleeding of an amputated limb.
Spitting of Blood.
1. Take two spoonfuls of the juice of nettles every morning, and a
large cup of the decoction of nettles at night, for a week.
2. T'ake three spoonfuls of sage-juice in a little honey. This presently stops either spitting or vomiting blood.
3. Take twenty grains of alum in water every two hours.
Vomiting of Blood.
1. Take two spoonfuls of nettle juice. This also dissolves blood coagu
lated in the stomach.
2. Take as much saltpetre as will lie upon half a crown, dissolved in a
glass of cold water, two or three times a day.
To Dissolve Coagulated Blood.
1. Bind on the part for some hours a paste made of black soap and
crumbs of white bread.
2. 'Fake grated root of burdock spread upon a rag: renew this twice a
day.
7 -



ï~~41                 PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.
Biles.
1. Apply a little Venice turpentine.
2. An equal quantity of soap and brown sugar, well mixed.
3. A plaster of honey and wheat flour, or figs.
4. Or a little saffron in a white bread poultice. It is proper to purge
also.
Hard Breasts.
Aoply turnips roasted till soft, then mashed and mixed with a little oil
of rves. Change this twice a day, keeping the breast very warm with
flannel.
Sore Breasts and Swelled.
Boil a handful of camomile, and as much mallows in milk and water
Foment with it between two flannels, as hot as can be borne, every twelve
hours. It also dissolves any knot or swelling in any part where there is
no inflammation.
A Bruise.
1. Immediately apply molasses spread on brown paper.
2. Apply a plaster of chopped parsley mixed with butter.
Pain in the Stomach from bad Digestion.
1. Take fasting, or in the fit, half a pint of camomile tea. Do this five
or six mornings.
2. Take from twenty to forty drops of elixir of vitriol in sage tea twice
or thrice a day.
3. Take two or three tea-spoonfuls of stomachic-tincture, in a glass of
water, three times a day. The tincture is made thus: gentian-root, sliced,
1 ounce; orange-peel, dried, z ounce; proof brandy, 1 pint. In three or
four days it is fit for use. This is useful in all disorders that arise from a
relaxed stomach.
Choleric Hot Pains in the Stomach.
Take a pint of the decoction of ground ivy, with a tea-spoonful of tht
powder of it, five or six mornings.
Pain in the Stomach, with Coldness and Wind.
Swallow five or six grains of white pepper for six or seven mornings.
Stone, to ease or cure.
1. Boil half a pound of parsnips in a quart of water. Drink a glass
of this morning and evening, and use no other drink all the day. It
usually cures in six weeks.
2. Take morning and evening a tea-spoonfuil of onions, calcined in a
fire-shovel into white ashes, in white wine. An ounce will often dissolve
the stone.
3. Take a tea-soonful of violet-seed, powdered, morning and evening
It both wastes the stone, and brings it away.
Stone in the Kidneys.
Boil an ounce of comm;n thistle-root, and four drachms of liquorice ia
a pint of water. Drink half of it ei ery morning.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

79

Blisters
On the feet, occasioned by walking, are cured by drawing a needle-fu
of worsted through them; clip it off at both ends, and leave it till the skin
peels off.
In a raging Fit.
1. Beat onions to a pulp and apply them, as a poultice, to the back, or
to the groin. It gives speedy case in the most racking pain.
2. Apply heated parsley.
The Stranguary.
1. Sit over the steam of warm water.
2. Drink largely of a decoction of turnips, sweetened with clarified
honey.
3. Drink of warm lemonade.
4. Dissolve half an ounce of saltpetre in a quart of water; drink a glass
of it every hour. Dangerous.
Sunburn, Smarting.
Wash the face with sage tea.
Indolent Swellings,
Are often cured by warm steams.
Soft and Flabby Swellings.
1. Pump cold water on them daily.
2. Use constant frictions, or proper bandages.
A White Swelling on the Joints.
1. Pump on the part half an hour every morning. This cures also
pains in the joints. It seldom fails.
2. A stream of cold water one day, and warm the next, and so on by
turns. Use these remedies at first, if possible. It is likewise proper to
intetmix gentle purges to prevent a relapse.
3 Boiled nettles applied to the part.
To dissolve White or Hard Swellings.
1. Take white roses, elder flowers, leaves of fox-glove, and of St. John'swort, a handful of each; mix them with hog's lard, and make an ointment.
2. Hold them morning and evening, in the steam of vinegar, poured on
red-Lot flints.
To Fasten the Teeth.
Put powdered alum, the quantity of a nutmeg, in a quart of spring water for twenty-four hours. Then strain the water and gargle with it.
To Clean the Teeth.
Rub them with the ashes of burnt bread.
To prevent the Tooth-Ache.
Wash the mouth with cold water every morning, and rinse it after every
meal.




ï~~80

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Barley Sugar.
STake a quantity of clarified sugar in that state, that on dipping the
finger into the pan the sugar which adheres to it will break with a slight
noise; this is called crack. When the sugar is near this, put in two or
three drops of lemon-juice, or a little vinegar, to prevent its graining.
When it has come to the crack take it off instantly, and dip the pan into
cold water to prevent its burning; let it stand a little, and then pour it on
a marble which must be previously rubbed with oil. Cut the sugar into
small pieces, when it will be ready for use. One drop of citron will flavour
a considerable quantity."
Barley Water.
I. Pearl barley, 4 ounces; water, 6 pints. Boil to four pints and strain.
2. Barley (pbarl), 4 ounces; water, 6 pints. Boil to four pints, then
add figs, 4 ounces; stoned raisins, 2 ounces. Boil for ten minutes and
strain.
A Simple Barometer.
Take a common phial, and cut off the rim and part of the neck, by means
of a piece of cord passed round it, and moved rapidly to and fro, in a sawing direction; the one end being held in the left hand and the other
fastened to any convenient object, while the right hand holds and moves
the phial; when heated, dip it suddenly into cold water, and the part will
crack off; or separate it with a file. Then nearly fill the phial with clean
water, place your finger on the mouth and invert it; withdraw your finger
and suspend it in this position with a piece of twine. In dry weather the
under surface of the water will be level with the neck of the bottle, or even
concave; in damp weather, on the contrary, a drop will appear at the
mouth and continue until it falls, and is then followed by another in the
same way.
Black Basilicon.
1. Yellow wax, 14 pounds; yellow resin, 28 pounds; black resin, 28
pounds; rape oil, 44 pounds. Mix with heat.
2. Yellow wax, 23 pounds; yellow resin, 23 pounds; black resin, 23
pounds; rape oil, 40 pounds. Melt and partly cool, then stir in water, 1
gallon.
Yellow Basilicon.
1. Yellow wax, 10 pounds; yellow resin, 65 pounds; rape oil, 28
pounds. Melt and well mix, then add water, 2 gallons. Well stir in.
If too thick, thin with rape oil.
2. Yellow resin, 27 pounds: yellow wax, 27 pounds; Burgundy pitch,
27 pounds; rape oil, 28 pounds; spirits of turpentine, 5 pounds. Melt
the first four articles together, then cool a little and stir in the turpentine.
Bates' Anodyne Balsam.
Laudanum, 1 part; opodeldoc, 2 parts. Mix.
Blue Sprinkle for Bookbinders.
Strong sulphuric acid, 8 ounces; Spanish indigo, powdered, 2 ounces
Mix in a bottle that will hold a quart, and place it in a water-bath to pro.
mote solution. For use, dilute a little to the required colour in a teacup.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.
Barry's Resinous Extract of Bark.
Bark (bruised), 1 pound; alcohol, 7 pounds. Macerate in a close vesse
for one week, then decant the tincture and distil until it is of the consistence of a thin extract, then remove the rosin on its surface, and evaporate
to the proper consistence.
Blue Sealing-Wax.
Shell lac, 2 parts; smalts, I part; yellow resin, 2 parts. Powder and
mix carefully with heat.
Blue Verditer.
1. Dissolve copper (cold) in nitric acid (aqua fortis), and produce a
precipitation of it by means of quick-lime, empl,-ed in such doses that it
will be absorbed by the acid, in order that the precipitate may be pure
copper; that is, without any mixture. When the liquor has been decanted,
wash the precipitate, and spread it out on a piece of linen cloth to drain.
If a portion of this precipitate, which is green, be placed an a grindingstone, and if a little quicklime in powder be added, the green colour will
be immediately changed into a beautiful blue. The proportion of the lime
added is from seven to ten parts in a hundred. When the whole matter
acquires the consistence of paste, desiccation soon takes place.
Blue verditer is proper for distemper, and for varnish; but it is not fit
for oil-painting, as the oil renders it very dark. If used, it ought to be
brightened with a great deal of white.
2. Into 100 pounds of whiting pour the copper-water, and stir them
together every day for some hours, till the water grows pale; then pour
that away, set it by for other use, and pour on more of the green water,
and so till the verditer be made; which, being taken out, is laid on large
pieces of chalk in the sun, till it be dry and fit for market.
3. Fully saturate the liquor which is used in parting with silver, which
is precipitated by adding very pure copper. This nitrous solution of copper
must be properly diluted with very pure water,-distilled is the best, and
the copper precipitated on chalk properly prepared. The colour and chalk
must be well mixed together and properly dried.
4. To a solution of nitrate of copper add lime or lime-water, as long
as any green precipitate falls down. Filter the solution and dry the precipitate, which must be ground and kept quite free from dust: the green
colour will, by this time, be converted into a beautiful blue.
Body Varnish.
A frican copal, 1 part. Fuse, then add pale oil, 2 parts. Boil very
gently until quite stringy, cool a little, and add spirits of turpentine, 1
parts. Mix well.
Quick Drying Body Varnish.
(Copal (pale), 16 parts; pale oil, 32 parts; dried sugar of lead, 1 Dart;
spirits of turpentine, 55 parts. Boil until stringy and strain, then gum
anime, 16 parts; pale oil, 32 parts; spirits of turpentine, 55 parts; white
copperas, dried and powdered, 1 part. Boil and strain as before, then mix
the two quantities together.




ï~~2                  PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.
Twenty-six Experimental Receipts on the Gases.
1. Put about an ounce of marble grossly pulverized into an eight-ounce
phial, with about an equal quantity of water Pour upon it a little sulphuric
acid, and carbonic acid gas will be evolved.
2. Put some iron wire into a phial with about three or four ounces of
water; pour a little sulphuric acid upon the contents, and hydrogen gas
will be evolved.
3. Pour water into a small glass retort, so as to occupy about one-third
of its capacity, lute its beak into the end of a gun-barrel, the middle of
which must be kept hot in a furnace, or by a chafing-dish; then if a lamp
be applied to the retort so as to cause the water to boil, the steam will pass
through the red-hot iron tube, and the water in this case also will be decomposed; for, as the oxygen combines with the iron, the hydrogen gas
will be liberated, and may be collected in the usual way.
4. Put some sulphuret of iron into a phial, pour a little diluted sulphuric
acid over it, and attach a bladder, prepared as directed for Experiment
No. 1, to the phial. Sulphuretted hydrogen, a gas extremely fetid and
disagreeable, will immediately be evolved: though the ingredients here
employed were destitute of smell.
5. Put an ounce or two of the black oxide of manganese into a small
glass retort, pour a little concentrated sulphuric acid upon it, and apply the
heat of a lamp. Oxygen gas will be disengaged in abundance.
6. If the leaves of a plant, fresh gathered, be placed in the sun, very
pure oxygen gas may be collected.
7. Into a small glass retort put a mixture of two parts of quicklime, and
one of muriate of ammonia, both in powder. Apply the heat of a lamp,
and ammoniacal gas will come over.
8. Pour a little sulphuric acid upon a small quantity of quicksilver in a
glass retort, apply heat, and sulphurous acid gas may be collected.
9. Take some copper-wire or a few shreds of copper, and pour over them
a little diluted nitrous acid, in the proportion of about three parts of water
to one of acid. The gas evolved in this case is nitrous gas.
10. Upon an ounce or two of nitrate of potash in a glass retort pour
some sulphuric acid; give it heat by means of a lamp, and collect nitric
acid gas.
11. Treat muriate of soda in the same manner with sulphuric acid, and
muriatic acid in the gaseous form wil rise from the retort.
12. Convey some muriatic acid gas into a glass jar containing a portion
of the gas produced in Experiment 7. From the mixture of these two
invisible gases a solid substance will be produced, viz: the common sal
ammoniac; this may be perceived to deposit itself upon the sides of the
vessel in a neat crystallized form.
13. Convey some carbonic acid gas into a glass jar containing a portion
of ammoniacal gas. The instant the two gases cc me into contact, a grear
absorption will take place, and solid carbonate of ammonia will be formed
on the inner surface of the jar.
14. Whenever uncombined muriatic, or any volatile acid is suspected to
be present in any chemical mixture, it may be detected by ammonia. A
single drop of ammonia on a feather, or small slip of paper, held over the
mixture, will immediately render the vapour visible.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

8.3

1b. Ammonia in solution may in like manner be detected by a single
drop (A muriatic, or acetic acid, which will produce very evident waite
fumes. This is merely the reverse of the former experiment.
16. Procure a bladder furnished with a stop-cock, fill it with hydrogen
gas, and nen adapt a tobacco-pipe to it. By dipping the bowl of the pipe
into a lather of soap, and pre3sing the bladder, soap-bubbles will be formed,
filled with hydtogen gas. These bubbles will rise into the atmosphere, as
they are formed, and convey a good idea of the principle upon which airballoons are inflated.
17. Procure a bladder similar to that described in the last experiment,
and charge it with a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen gases. With this
apparatus blow up soap-bubbles as before, and touch them with a lighted
match. The bubbles as they rise will explode with a smart noise.
18. Fill a bladder with hydiogen gas; apply a lighted match to the ncud
of the tobacco-pipe, and press the bladder gently. A pencil of flame, extremely beautiful, will be seen issuing from the pipe, till the whole of the
hydrogen gas is consumed.
19. Place some small phials on the shelfof the pneumatic tub filled with
water, and inverted as usual for receiving gases. Now fill these with mixed
oxygen and hydrogen gases from the bladder. A lighted match will cause
any one of them to explode with violence. When the phials are used, it
will be prudent to fold them round with a handkerchief, to prevent any
injury being received from the glass in case of bursting; but if small
bladders be employed in place of the phials, this precaution will be unnecessary.
20. Procure a glass jar, such as is generally used for deflagrating the
gases, and fill it with oxymuriatic acid gas. If nickel, arsenic, or bismuth
in powder, be thrown into this gas, and the temperature of the atmoFphere
be not lower than 700, the metal will inflame, and continue to burn with
the most brilliant combustion.
21. Put a small piece of phosphorus into a crucible, cover it closely
with carbonate of lime or pulverized common chalk, so as to fill the crucible. Let another crucible be inverted upon it, and both subjected to the
fire. When the whole has become perfectly red-hot, remove them from
the fire; and when cold, the carbonic acid of the chalk will have been decomposed, and the black charcoal, the basis of the acid, may be easily perceived amongst the materials.
22. Place a lighted wax taper within a narrow glass jar, then take a jar
or phial of carbonic acid gas, and cautiously pour it into the jar containing
the taper. This being an invisible gas, the operator will appear to invert
merely an empty vessel, though the taper will be as effectually and initantar:eously extinguished as if water itself had been used.
23. Let sulphuric acid be poured into a saucer upon some acetate of
potash. Into another saucer put a mixture of about two parts of quicklime, and one of sal ammoniac, both in powder, adding to these a very
small quantity of boiling water. Both saucers while separate will yield
invisible gases: but the moment they are brought close together, the
operator will be enveloped in very visible vapours. Muriate of scda,.n
this experiment, may be substituted for acetate of potash




ï~~9                  PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.
24. It is an interesting experiment to place a glow-worm within a jai
of oxygen gas, in a dark room. The insect will shine with much greater
brilliancy than it does in atmospheric air, and appear more alert. As the
luminous appearance depends on the will of the animal, this experiment
probably affords an instance of the stimulus which this gas communicates
to the animal system.
25. Paste a slip of litmus paper within a glass jar, near the bottom, then
fill the jar with water, and invert it on the shelf of a pneumatic trough.
If as much nitrous gas, previously well washed, be passed into the jar as
will displace the water below the level of the paper, the colour of the litmus
raper will still remain unaltered; but on passing up atmospheric air it will
immediately be reddened; showing the formation of an acid, by the mixture of two gases.
26. Take a few grains of citric acid, and twice as much dry carbonate
of potash, or of soda, both in powder; mix them, and put them into a dry
glass. No chemical change will take place in either of these salts; but the
moment water is poured upon them, an effervescence and extrication of
gas will ensue, affording an instance of the necessity of water to promote
some chemical decompositions.
Boiled or Drying Oil.
1. Linseed oil, 16 pints; litharge, finely powdered, 3 pounds. Mix and
digest at a boiling heat for two hours.
2. Linseed oil, 20 parts; finely powdered litharge, 4 parts. Keep them
together for one month in a warm place, occasionally shaking the bottle,
then draw off the clear.
3. Linseed oil, 2 gallons; water, 2 gallons; finely powdered white
vitriol, 1 pound. Boil until reduced to two gallons.
Bologna Phial.
The Bologna, or philosophical phial, is a small vessel of glass which has
been suddenly cooled, open at the upper end, and rounded at the bottom.
It is made so thick at the bottom, that it will bear a smart blow against a
hard body without breaking; but if a little pebble, or piece of flint, is let
fall into it, it immediately cracks, and the bottom falls into pieces; but,
unless the pebble or flint is large and angular enough to scratch the surface
of the glass, it will not break.
Bon-Bons.
Provide leaden moulds, which must be of various shapes, and be oiled
with oil of sweet almonds. Take a quantity of brown-sugar syrup in the
proportion to their size, in that state called a blow, which may be known
by dipping the skimmer into the sugar, shaking it, and blowing through
the holes, when parts of light may be seen; add a drop of any esteemea
e3sence. If the bon-bons are preferred white, when the sugar has cooled a
little, stir it round the pan till it grains, and shines on the surface; then
pour it into a funnel and fill the little moulds, when it will take a proper
'orm and harden: as soon as it is cold take it from the moulds; dry it
two or three days, and put it upon paper. If the bon-bons are required to
oe coloured, add the colour just as the sugar is ready to be taken off the fire




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

To Clean Boots.
To make boots look well, always use boot-trees, and brush your black.
ing off while damp. On no account lay on too much blacking, so is to
make the leather wet, and do not let it dry before polishing.
To render Boots Waterproof.
Boiled oil, 16 parts; turpentine (spt.), 2 parts; bee's-wax, 1 part; resin,
1 part; turpentine (Venice), 2 parts. Melt, and use hot.
Boquet de la Reine.
Essence of bergamot, 8 parts; English oil of lavender, 3 parts; oil of
cloves, and aromatic vinegar, together, I part; alcohol, 20 parts; essence
of musk, 1 part. Mix, and agitate occasionally for a week.
Engraver's Border- Wax.
Bee's-wax, 1 part; pitch, 2 parts; tallow, 1 part. Mix.
Botany Bay Cement, for China.
Yellow gum, 16 parts; fine brick-dust, 17 parts. Mix.
Common Bottle Cement.
Resin, pitch, ivory-black, equal parts. Used to secure the corks.
Bottle Glass.
Sand, 100 parts; kelp, 40 parts; glauber salts, 5 parts; wood ashes,
200 parts. Melt.
Art of Bottling Wine.
Procure clean bottles, good velvet corks, wine fine and brilliant; then
proceed to bottling, and be careful to drive the corks in tight; lastly, stow
the wine away, laying every bottle on its side, and do not spare the sawdust. It is better to compress the corks by means of a cooper's bottling
machine before you place them in the bottles.
To Ripen Bottled Malt Liquors.
Yeast, 1 part; sugar, 4 parts; water, 5 parts. Mix, and put a spoonful
into each bottle before corking. This will make malt liquors brisk in twelve
to twenty hours in warm weather.
Instantaneous Light Bottles.
Take a suitable bottle, and one-third fill it with asbestos or powdered
glass, then pour in a sufficient quantity of concentrated sulphuric acid to
fill up the pores of the powder or asbestos, without running about. To be
used with an instantaneous light match. The tip of the match on touching
the acid will immediately inflame.
Black Bottle Wax.
Common resin, 20 pounds; tallow, 5 pounds; lamp-black, 4 pounds.
Mix, with heat.
Red Bottle Wax.
Common resin, 15 pounds; tallow, 4 pounds; red lead, 5 pounds. Mfix,
wit- heat. Any colour may be employed.
8




ï~~86

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Balsamic Ether.
Put 4 ounces of spirits of wine, and 3 ounces of balsam of tolu, into a
phial with 1 ounce of ether. Keep it well corked. But it will not keep
above a week.
To make Elixir of Vitriol.
Drop gradually 4 ounces of strong oil of vitriol into a pint of spirits o.
wine, or brandy; let it stand three days, and add to it, ginger sliced, half
an ounce, and Jamaica pepper, whole, 1 ounce. In three days more it is
fit for use.
To prevent Abortion.
Women of a weak or relaxed habit, should use solid food, avoiding great
quantities of tea, and other weak and watery liquors. They should go
soon to bed and rise early; and take frequent exercise, but avoid fatigue.
If of a full habit, they ought to use a spare diet, and chiefly of the vege
table kind, avoiding strong liquors, and every thing that may tend to heat
the body or increase the quantity of blood.
In the first case, take daily half a pint of the decoction of lignum vite;
boiling an ounce of it in a quart of water five minutes. In the latter case,
give half a drachm of powdered nitre, in a cup of water-gruel, every five
or six hours. In both cases, she should sleep on a hard mattress, and be
kept cool and quiet. The bowels should be kept regular by a pill of white
walnut extract, or bitter root.
To Remove Freckles.
Take tincture of benzoin, 1 pint; tincture of tolu, 3 pint; oil of rosemary
Sounce. Mix. One tea-spoonful of the tincture to be put in half a gill of
water, and with axtowel dipped in this rub well the face, night and morning
A Liquid to clean Clothes from Grease.
This is the best receipt known for the extraction of grease. Take one
peck of lime; add thereto as much water as will dissolve the lime and leave
about two gallons of clear water after it has been well stirred and settled.
Let it stand about two hours, and then pour off the clear liquid into another
vessel. Now add to it three ounces of pearlash fior every gallon of the
liquid, stir it well, and, when settled, bottle it for use. This liquor is to be
diluted with water, to suit the strength or delicacy of the colour of the
cloth. It is applied with a piece of coarse sponge, rubbing out the grease,
and applying clear water afterwards.
Baldness.
Take water, 1 pint; pearlash, z ounce; onion juice, I gill. Mix, and
cork in a bottle. Rub the head hard with a rough linen towel dipped in
the mixture.
Remedy for Chapped Hands.
Take one ounce of bitter almonds; peel them and mash them into a
paste with oil of sweet almonds and the yolk of an egg, adding a little
tincture of benzoin, so as to form a thick cream. Now add a few drops if
ail of caraway. It is to be rubbed on the hands at night, and a soft kid
glove is to be worn during the treatment.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

97

Dr. Bateman's Itch Ointment.
Take sulphur, 2 ounces; powdered pearlash, 1 ounce; lard, 4 ounces;
melt, then stir in rose-water, 1 ounce; vermilion, 2 drachms; bergamot, I
lrachm.
Bath Metal.
1. Take brass, 32 parts; spelter, 9 parts. Mix.
2. Take brass, 35 parts; zinc, 9 parts. Mix.
Bath Pipe.
Take powdered white sugar, 16 parts; Italian juice, disas.ved in a little
water, 2 parts; powdered gum Arabic, 1 part. Make them into a stiff
mass with warm water, and roll it into the usual form.
Temperature of Baths. (Thompson.)
The hot bath, (balneum calidum,) from 90 to 100 degrees. The tepid
bath, (balneum tepidum,) from 62 to 96 degrees. The vapour bath, (balneum vaporis,) from 100 to 130 degrees.
Bartley's Green Senna Powder.
Pick out the yellowest senna leaves you can find, and add a little powdered indigo, or charcoal, to produce the desired colour.
Bartley's Liquor Opii Sedativus.
Take opium, 2 parts; distilled vinegar, 1 part; water sufficient to reduce it to the proper strength. Digest for one month, then add to every
pint, alcohol 2 drachms, and filter.
Brown Mixture.
Take extract of liquorice, 3 drachms; dissolve it in 5 ounces of boiling
water, by rubbing it in a mortar, and adding the water gradually. Then
add powdered gum arabic, 2 drachms. Let the mixture cool, and add
antimonial wine, 2 drachms; acetic tincture of opium, 1 drachm. This
is is a valuable expectorant. The same quantity of laudanum, or three
times the quantity of paregoric elixir, may be substituted for the acetic
tincture of opium, if this be not at hand. Dose, for an adult, a tablespoonful every two or three hours.
Baynton's Adhesive Plaster.
Take simple diachylon, 4 pounds; yellow resin, 3 ounces. Mix with
heat.
Oil of Bays, for Horses, d4c.
Take bay leaves, 2 pounds; bay berries, 1 pound; cabbage leaves, i
pound; lard, 5 pounds. Boil and strain.
T) ascertain the Quality of Beef
If young, the flesh will have a fine smooth, open grain, of a good red
colour, and feel tender. The fat should be white; if yellow, or deep yellow, the animal has (generally) been fed on oil cake, and the flesh wil be
flabby. Cow beef has whiter fat, lean duller red, and closer grain. Bull
beef, grain still closer, fat hard and skinny, lean deeper red, and a stronger
v ent. Heifer beet finely red.




ï~~P8

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Cheap Beer.
Take water, 15 gallons; hops, I pound. Boil half the water with the
nops, then add it to the other half in the tun, and well mix it with one
gallon of molasses and a little yeast. Ferment.
To ascertain beforehand the Colour and Age required for Beer, 4c.
This depends on the temperature at which the malt has been made. and
on its colour, as under:
Malt made at 119 degrees produces a white,-at 124 deg. a cream co-.
lour,-at 129 deg. a light yellow,-at 134 deg. an amber colour.
These, when properly brewed, become spontaneously fine, even as far as
138 degrees. When brewed for amber, by repeated fermentations, they
become pellucid.-At 138 deg. a high amber.-At 143 deg. a pale brown.
By precipitation, these grow bright in a short time.-At 148 deg. a
brown.-At 152 deg. a high brown.
With precipitation these require eight or ten months to be bright.-At
157 deg. a brown, inclining to black.-At 162 deg. a brown speckled with
black.
With precipitation, these may be fined, but will never become bright.At 167 deg. a blackish brown, speckled with black.. At 171 deg. a colour
of burnt coffee.-At 176, a black.
These with difficulty can be brewed without setting the goods, and will
by no means become bright, not even with the strongest acid menstruum.
Good Table Beer.
Take malt, 8 bushels; hops, 7 pounds; treacle, 25 pounds. Brew for
ten barrels.
Beer Heading.
Take alum and sulphate of iron, equal quantities. Mix.
Cauliflower Beer Heading.
Take sulphate of iron, alum, common salt; equal parts. Mix.
Required Time to keep Beer.
This must depend on the heat employed to dry the malt. Malt made
at 1190 Fahr. may be drawn in 14 to 21 days; at 1240, 30 to 40 days;
at 129, 80 to 90 days; at 134, 4 to 5 months; at 140, 6 to 7 months;
at 145, 8 to 9 months; at 150, 10 to 11 months; at 155, 12 to 15 months;
at 158, 15 to 18 months; at 162, 20 to 24 months. It is not however to
be supposed that many public brewers allow their liquor such a length of
time to ripen; artificial means are generally resorted to.
To bottle Beer
Follow the same plan as for porter.
To improve the Flavour of Beer, 4-c.
Put an ounce of ginger, bruised, and half an ounce of cloves, with a
Jozen coarse biscuits, and a few scalded hops, to every hozsnead
Bell's Bougies.
Take litharge plaster, 1 pound; yellow wax, 6 ounces; ol;, oil
ounces. Mix with heat, and roll into cylinders of the sizes required




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

89

To colour Candied Sugar.
1. Red.-Boil an ounce of cochineal in half a pint of water for five. mutes, add an ounce of cream of tartar, half an ounce of pounded alum,
14d boil them on a slow fire ten minutes; if it shows the colour clear on.,aite paper, it is sufficient. Add two ounces of sugar, and bottle it for
i,-e.
2. Blute.-Put a little warm water on a plate, and rub indigo in it till
tlie colour has come to the tint required.
3. Yellow.-Rub with some watel a little gamboge on a plate; or inuie the heart of a yellow lily flower with milk-warm water.
4. Green.-Boil the leaves of spinach about a minute in a little water,
and when strained bottle the liquor for use. In colouring refined sugars,
taste and fancy must guide the workman.
To Candy Sugar.
To prepare Sugar for Candying.-The first process is clarifying,
which is done thus: Break the white of an egg into a preserving pan;
put to it four quarts of water, and beat it with a whisk to a froth. Then
put in twelve pounds of sugar, mix all together, and set it over the fire.
When it boils, put in a little cold water, and proceed as often as necessary,
till the scum rises thick on the top. Then remove it from the fire, and
wheu it is settled, take off the scum; and pass it through a straining bag.
If th: sugar should not appear very fine, boil it again before straining it.
To Candy Sugar.-After having completed the above first process, put
what quantity is wanted over the fire, and boil it until it is smooth enough.
This is known by dipping the skimmer into the sugar, and touching it between the fore-finger and thumb; and immediately on opening them a
small thread will be observed drawn between, which will crystallize and
break, and remain in a di,,p on the thumb, which will be a sign of its
gaining some degree of smoothness. Boil it again, and it will draw into a
larger string; it is now called bloom sugar, and must be boiled longer than
in the former process. To try its forwardness, dip again the skimmer,
shaking off the sugar into the pan; then blow with the'mouth strongly
through the holes, and if certain bladders go through, it has acquired the
second degree. To prove if the liquid has arrived at the state called feathered sugar, redip the skimmer, and shake it over the pan, then give it a
sudden i~rt behind, and the sugar will fly off like feathers.
It now arrives to the state called crackled sugar; to obtain which the
mass mut be boiled longer than in the preceding degree; then dip a stick
in it, and put it directly into a pan of cold water, draw off the sugar which
hangs to the stick in tLe water, and if it turns hard and snaps, it has acquired the proper degree of crystallization: if otherwise, boil it again until
it acquires that brittleness.
The last stage of refining this article is called carmel sugar; to obtain
which it must be boiled longer than in any of the preceding methods; prove
it by dipping a stick first into the sugar, and then into cold water, and the
moment it touches the latter, it will, if matured, snap like glass. Be careful that the fire is not too fierce, as by flaming up against the sides ol 'he
pan, it will burn and discolour the sugar.
8*




ï~~oU                PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.
To prepare Bladders.
Soak them for twenty-four hours in water, to which a little chloride of
lime or potass has been added, then remove the extraneous membranes
well wash them in clean water and dry them.
Lemon Blancmange.
Isinglass, 1 part; water, 16 parts; lemon-juice, 2 parts; Lisbon wine,
8 parts. Sugar to sweeten, and a little grated lemon-peel to flavour. Cla.
rify with an egg.
Mrs. Hoffman's Blancmange.
Isinglass, I pound; rose-water, 3 pint; milk, 2 quarts; milk of almonds,
Spint. Boil, and when milk-warm, pour into the moulds.
Bleached Sponge.
Hydrochloric acid, I part; water, 35 parts. Mix, and soak the sponge:In it for a week, frequentiy squeezing it, then soak it in clear water for a
week, repeatedly changing the water. Lastly, sulphurous acid, 1 part;
water, 20 parts. Mix, and soak the sponge until sufficiently white, then
repeat the operation of rinsing and squeezing in clear water, and perfume
with rose, orange, or lavender.
Blistering Ointment for Cattle.
1. Yellow resin, 14 pounds; spirits of turpentine, 3 pounds; tallow, 2
pounds; lard, 20 pounds; powdered Spanish flies, 10 pounds; euphorbium, 1 pound; vinegar, 1 gallon. Mix.
2. Tallow, 16 pounds; oil of origanum, 4 pounds; powdered flies, J
pound; powdered euphorbium, 1 pound. Mix.
3. Lard, 7 pounds; oil of turpentine, 1 pound; tar, 1 pound; pow
dered flies, 17 ounces. Mix.
4. Lard, 5 pounds; resin, 5 pounds; spirits of turpentine, 5 pounds;
powdered flies, 2 pounds; oil of origanum, j pound. Mix.
Blistering Plaster.
1. Burgundy pitch, 12 pounds; turpentine, 4 pounds; Spanish flies, 6
pounds; wax, I pound; suet, 1 pound. Mix.
2. Yellow resin, 8 parts; yellow wax, 4 parts; suet, 3 parts; powdered
Spanish flies, 7 parts; simple plaster, 10 parts; vinegar, 4 parts. Mix.
Compound Blistering Plaster.
Venice turpentine, 18 pounds; Burgundy pitch, 12 pounds; Spanish
flies, 12 pounds; yellow wax, 4 pounds; verdigris, 1 pound; mustard, 3
ounces; black pepper, 3 ounces. Melt, and then stir in the flies.
Lotion for Blows, Bruises, and Sprains in Horses.
Laudanum, 1 part; oil of origanum, 2 parts; water of ammonia, 4
parts; oil of turpentine, 4 parts; camphor, 4 parts; spirits of wine, 32
parts. Put them into a bottle and shake them until mixed.
Blue Enamel.
Fine paste (not metallic), 10 parts; nitre, 3 parts. Oxide of cobalt to
colour.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

91

Blue Fire.
Nitre, 2 parts; sulphur, 3 parts; zinc, 3 parts; meal gunpowder, 4
parts. Mix.
Blue Fire for Lances, Rockets, 4fc.
Fine zinc filings, 1 part; antimony, 2 parts; nitre, 4 parts. Mix
Blue Flame.
Gunpowder, 1 part; King's yellow, 1 part; sulphur vivum, 2 parts;
crude antimony, powdered, 4 parts; nitrate of potash, 14 parts. Mix and
sift through lawn.
Blue Glass.
Plain paste, 300 parts; zaffre, 3 parts; manganese, 1 part. If the
glass should be of too deep a blue, use less zaffre and manganese; if too
purple, omit the manganese altogether.
Blue Marble for Books, 4c.
Colour the edges with King's yellow, and when dry tie the book between
boards. Throw on blue spots in the gum trough, wave them with the iron
pin, and apply the edges thereon.
Blue Ointment.
Quicksilver, 3 pounds; Venice turpentine, 4 ounces. Kill the silve,
by rubbing in a mortar, then add lard, 12 pounds.
Common Blue Ointment.
For a very cheap article it is usual to omit half or more of the quic
silver, and bring up the colour with blue black.
Mild Blue Ointment.
Quicksilver, 1 pound; Venice turpentine, 2 ounces. Kill the silver
then add lard, 5 pounds.
Strong Blue Ointment.
Quicksilver, 1 pound; milk of sulphur, 4 drachms; lard, 2 pounds
Mix. The effect of the sulphur in killing the silver is almost immediate;
that of the turpentine a little slower. The sulphur has a tendency to
blacken the ointment if exposed to damp; the turpentine, if used in any
quantity, may also be detected by its smell.
Blue Paint.
Blue black, I cwt.; whiting, 1 cwt.; road dust, 2 cwt.; blue, j cwt.;
lime-water, 12 gallons. Factitious linseed oil to grind.
Brazil Wood Paper.
Dip the paper into a decoction of Brazil wood.
Alkalized Brazil- Wood Paper.
Take red Brazil-wood paper, and brush it over with a weak alkaline
solution.
Bread (for one Sack of Flour.)
Flour, 5 bushels; alum, J pound; salt, 4 pounds; yeast, J gallon
water sufficient Mix.




ï~~02

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Bread on Mrs. Cobbett's Plan.
Suppose the quantity be a bushel of flour. Put this flour into a trougb
gnat people may have for the purpose, or, it may be in a clean smooth tub
of any shape, if not too deep, and sufficiently large. Make a pretty deep
hole in the middle of this heap of flour. Take (for a bushel) a pint of
good yeast, mix it and stir it well up in a pint of soft water milk-warm.
Pour this into the hole in the heap of flour. Then take a spoon and work
it round the outside of this body of moisture, so as to bring into it by degrees flour enough to make it form a thin batter, which must be stirred
about well for a minute or two. Then take a handful of flour and scatter
it thinly over the head of this batter, so as to hide it. Then cover the
whole over with a cloth to keep it warm; and this covering, as well as
the situation of the trough, as to distance from the fire, must depend on
the nature of the place and state of the weather, as to heat and cold. When
the batter has risen enough to make cracks in the flour, begin to form the
whole mass into dough, thus: begin round the hole containing the batter, working the flour into the batter, and pouring in as it is wanted to
make the flour mix with the batter, soft water, milk-warm, or milk. Before beginning this, scatter the salt over the heap, at the rate of half a
pound to a bushel of flour. When the whole is sufficiently moist, knead
it well. This is a grand part of the business; for, unless the dough be
well worked, there will be little round lumps of flour in the loaves; and
besides, the original batter, which is to give fermentation to the whole, will
not be duly mixed. It must be rolled over, pressed out, folded up, and
pressed out again, until it be completely mixed, and formed into a stiff and
tough dough.
When the dough is made, it is to be formed into a lump in the middle
of the trough, and, with a little dry flour thinly scattered over it, covered
over again to be kept warm and to ferment; and in this state, if all be done
rightly, it will not have to remain more than about fifteen or twenty minutes. The oven should be hot by the time that the dough has remained
in the lump about twenty minutes. When both are ready, take out the
fire and wipe the oven clean, and at nearly the same moment, take the
dough out upon the lid of the baking trough, or some proper place, cut it
tap into pieces and make it up into loaves, kneading it again in these separate parcels, shaking a little flour over the board to prevent the dough adhering to it. The loaves should be put into the oven as quickly as possible after they are formed; when in, the oven lid or door should be fastened
up very closely; and, if all be properly managed, loaves, of about the size
of quartern loaves, will be sufficiently baked in about two hours. But
they usually take down the lid, and look at the bread, in order to see how
t is going on.
Bread from Iceland Moss.
This vegetable may be used alone, or with flour in the making of bread
Boil 7 pounds of lichen meal in 100 pints of water; and afterwards mix
the same with 69 pounds of flour, and when baked the product will be
160 (?) pounds of good household bread. Whereas, without this addition,.he flour would not produce more than 79 pounds of bread. To prepare
it, use 1 pound of lichen meal in the form of paste, to about 81 pounds (?)
of flour




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

93

Extemporaneous Bread.
1. Plcar. Water highly charged with carbonic acid gas, a sufficient
iuantity to make a dough, and bake immediately. The whole of this process should be carried on in as cold a place as possible, and the articles
employed should be also cold.
2. Flour, 14 pounds; ammonia, 2 ounces; bicarbonate of soda, 2
ounces; water to mix. Reduce to a dough rather thinner than for yeast,
then cut into loaves and bake.
3. Add a little bicarbonate of ammonia to the water, then add the flour
and make the dough of the usual consistence. This bread is ready for
the oven as soon as made into loaves.
Bread for Horses. (Silesian Method.)
Oat or rye meal, 3 parts; mashed potatoes, 2 parts; a little salt and
yeast to ferment. Mix and bake. Give 4 four-pound rations daily. It is
stated that this method effects a great saving over the common plan of feeding horses.
Good Bread.
Flour, 1 sack; salt, 4 pounds; water, sufficient quantity; yeast, 4 pints.
Dissolve the salt in 3 gallons of the water (warm), then add a little of the
flour and the whole of the yeast; keep it in a warm place until it rises,
then add more flour and warm water, and after three or four hours the
remainder of the flour and sufficient water to bring the dough to a proper
consistence. When the whole mass of dough is in a proper state, it is to
be cut into loaves and baked.
The bakers employ alum in making their bread, as it not only makes
the dough more retentive of moisture, but improves the colour of the bread.
The proportion is usually 8 to 14 ounces of alum per sack, or even more.
By Iis process a sack of flour will produce from 345 to 350 pounds of
well-baked bread, or if less baked, from 370 to 385 pounds.
Drop Cakes.
One quart of milk, a large tea-spoonful of sal-eratus, dissolved in a cup
of cream; to which stir in flour very smoothly until a thick batter. Then
dip yr.ur spoon in milk and with it place your batter at short distances in
a buttered pan. Very delicate, made entirely of cream, either with or
without eggs.
Buckwheat Cakes
Are less tough and not as liable to sour, when mixed with salt-rising
instead of hop yeast.
Soft Gingerbread, very Nice.
Four tea-cups of flour, two cups of molasses, half a cup of butter, two
cups of butter-milk, a cup of thick cream, three eggs, a table-spoonful of
ginger, and the same of sal-eratus. Mix them all together, with the exception of the butter-milk, in which the sal-eratus must be dissolved, and thern,
added to the rest. It must not stand long before being sent to bake.
Butter
Is improved by working the second time after the lapse of twenty-four
hours, when the salt is dissolved, and the watery particles can be entirely
*emoved.




ï~~04

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Caoutchouc or Elastic Gum Bougies.
Strips of cloth twisted up, pieces of whipcord, or pieces of catgut. Coat
them, until of a sufficient size, with a solution of caoutchouc in naphtha
or ether.
White Bougies.
Yellow wax, 1 pound; spermaceti, 1 ounce; acetate of lead, 5 drachms.
Mix, with heat, and spread upon slips of cloth, then roll them up, the spread
side outwards.
Bowle's Herb Tea.
Wood betony, wood sage, ground pine, each equal parts. For gout,
headache, and nervous disorders.
Boyle's Fuming Liquor.
Slaked lime, 6 parts; sal ammoniac, 4 parts; flowers of sulphur, 2
parts. Mix and distil.
Bougies.
Pieces of catgut of different sizes, coat them with mercurial plaster, and
roll them smooth on a marble slab. Or, pieces of old linen, roll them up,
and proceed as before.
British Brandy... Silent spirit (pf.) 98 gallons; red tartar, 5 pounds; acetic ether, 3
pounds; wine vinegar, 3 gallons; bruised French plums, 7 pounds; bitter
almonds, bruised, 1 ounce; water sufficient. Dissolve the tartar in the
water, then add the other ingredients, and draw over 120 gallons; lastly,
add burnt-sugar colouring as required.
2. Clean spirit, 100 gallons; nitric ether, 2 pounds; cassia buds
(ground), j pound; bitter almond meal, J pound; orris root (sliced), 6
ounces; powdered cloves, 1 ounce; capsicum, 1 ounce; good vinegar, 2
gallons; brandy colouring, 1 quart. Mix well in an empty cognac cask,
and let them macerate for a fortnight, occasionally stirring. The proportion of the ingredients may be varied by the skilful brewer, as much depends on their respective strengths.
3. Clean spirit, 100 gallons; strong vinegar, 3 gallons; bitter almonds
(ground), 4 pound; cassia buds (ground), J pound; orris root (ground),
7 ounces; Guinea pepper (ground), 6 ounces; powdered cloves, 1 ounce;
tincture of catechu, 4 pints; nitric ether, 2 pints; brandy colouring, 1
quart. Put them on the lees into a fresh emptied cognac cask, and macerate as before. Instead of tincture of catechu you may use half a pound
of the powder mixed with hot water to a paste.
4. Good plain malt spirit (17 up), 100 gallons; finely-powdered catechu,
12 ounces; tincture of vanella, 2 ounces; burnt-sugar colouring, 1 quart
or more. Mix well.
British Cognac Brandy.
Clean spirit (17 up), 100 gallons; high-flavoured cognac, 10 gallons;
oil of cassia, 1 ounce; oil of bitter almonds (essential), 2 ounce; powdered
catechu, 10 ounces; cream of tartar (dissolved), 16 ounces.; Beaufoy's
voncentrated acetic acid, 3 pounds; colouring (sugar), 1 quart or more
Put the whole into a fresh emptied brandy piece, and let them remain a
week, together witL occasional agitation, then let them stand to settle.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.                          wo
Brandy Shrub.
1 Sugar (good), 1- cwt. or more; spirit (silent proof), 20 gallons
Iritish bratid)  10 gallons; bitter almonds, 1 ounce: orris powder,.
ounces; powdered cassia, 2 ounces; essence of orange, 1 ounce; lemons,
sliced, 1 dozen; water, 25 gallons; tartaric acid (in solution) to produce
the necessary acidity. Put the whole into a proper sized cask and rummage every day for one week, then add water to make up 103 gallons, and
one quart of colouring and two dozen eggs.
2. Tartaric acid (powdered), 8 pounds; lump-sugar, 240 pounds of
less. Dissolve in water, 35 gallons. Put it into a cask, then add spirit, oi
brandy, 35 gallons or less; brandy colouring, 1 pint; oranges (sliced), 2
dozen; bitter almonds (bruised),  ounce; cassia (bruised), J ounce
cloves (bruised), I ounce. Rummage repeatedly for a week, keeping the
cask in the interim well bunged, then add twenty eggs, (yellows, whites
and shells), beaten to a froth. Well mix and bung close.
Bran Beer.
Good bran, 1 bushel; water (to produce), 18 gallons; h]lops,   pound
Mash with hot water, and ferment in the usual way. This beer will coa
about three-pence per gallon; two or three pounds of sugar, or four or fivt
of treacle, improve it.
Brandy Bitters.
Bruised gentian, 8 ounces; orange-peel, 5 ounces; cardamoms, 3
ounces; cassia, 1 ounce; cochineal, I ounce; spirit, 1 gallon. Digest foi
one week, then decant the clear, and pour on the dregs, water, 5 pints.
Digest for one week longer, decant, and mix the two tinctures together.
Boot- Top Liquid.
Oxalic acid, 1 part; white vitriol, 1 part; water, 30 parts. Dissolve and
apply with a sponge to the leather previously washed with water, theo
wash the composition off with water, and dry. This liquid is poisonous
Brass.
Copper, 3 parts. Melt, then add zinc, 1 part.
Button-Maker's Fine Brass.
Brass, 8 parts; zinc, 5 parts. Mix.
Button Maker's Common Brass.
Button brass, 6 parts; tin, 1 part; lead, 1 part. Melt.
Bright Brass Colour.
Brass reduced to fine powder.
Red Brass Colour.
Copper filings, 3 parts; bole, 2 parts. Mix.
Fine Brass.
Copper, 2 parts; zinc, 1 part. Mix.
Brass for Wire.
Copper, 34 parts; calamine, 56 parts. Mix.




ï~~96

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

To Polish Brass Inlaid Work.
File the brass very clean with a smooth file; then take some tripoli
powdered very fine, and mix it with the linseed oil. Dip in this a rubber
of hat, with which polish the work until the desired effect is obtained.
If the work is ebony, or black rose-wood, take some elder-coal powdered
very fine, and apply it dry after you have dlone with the tripoli, and it will
produce a superior polish.
The French mode of ornamenting with brass differs widely from ours,
theirs being chiefly water-gilt (or moulu), excepting the flutes of columns
&c., which are polished very high with rotten stone, and finished with
elder-coal.
To Brass, Plates of Copper.
The plates previously sufficiently heated, and expose them to the fume:
of zinc.
To Clean Brass.
I. Finely powdered sal ammoniac; water to moisten.
2. Roche alum, 1 part; water, 16 parts. Mix. The articles to be cleaned
must be made warm, then rubbed with either of the above mixtures, and
finished with fine tripoli. This process will give them the brilliaL:cy of
gold.
To Brass, Vessels of Copper.
Argol, 1 part; amalgam of zinc, I part; muriatic acid, 2 parts; water
to fill the vessel. Boil.
Brazil Wood Lake.
1. Brazil (ground), 1 pound; water, 5 quarts. Boil for half an hour
then add solution of tin, 1 ounce; alum, 1 ounce. Boil again, strain and
add a solution of pearlash (strained), as long as it occasions a precipitate.
2. A beautiful lake may be prepared from Brazil wood, by boiling three
pounds of it for an hour in a solution of three pounds of common salt in
three gallons of water, and filtering the hot fluid through paper; add to
this a solution of five pounds of alum in three gallons of water. Dissolve
three pounds of the best pearlashes in a gallon and a half of water, and
purify it by filtering; put this gradually to the other, till te whole of the
colour appear to be precipitated, and the fluid be left clear and colourless.
But if any appearance of purple be seen, add a fresh quantity of the solution of alum by degrees, till a scarlet hue be produced. Then pursue the
directions given in the first process with regard to the sediment. If half a
pound of seed lac be added to the solution of pearlashes, and dissolved in it
before its purification by the filter, and two pounds of the wood and a proportional quantity of common salt and water be used in the coloured scolution, a lake will be produced that will stand well in oil or water, but it is
not so transparent in oil as without the seed lac. The lake with Brazil
wood may be also made by adding half an ounce of annatto to each pound
of the wood; but the annatto must be dissolved in the solution of pearl
ashes.
After the operation, the dryers of plaster, or the bricks, whicn have
extracted the moisture from the precipitate, are exposed to the sun, that
they may he fitted for another operation.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

97

Pale Brass Lacker.
Alcohol, 4 gallons; cape aloes (small), 6 ounces; pale shellac, 32
ounces; gamboge, 2 ounces. Dissolve.
Eleven Receipts on Sympathetic Inks.
1. Write upon paper with a diluted solution of muriate of copper, when
dry it will not be visible, but on being warmed before the fire the writing
will become of a beautiful yellow.
2. Write with a solution of muriate of cobalt, and the writing, while
dry, will not be perceptible; but if held towards the fire, it will then gradually become visible; and if the muriate of cobalt be made in the usual
way, the letters will appear of an elegant green colour.
3. Write with acetate of cobalt, or with a muriate of cobalt, previously
purified from the iron which it generally contains. When the writing is
become dry, these letters will also be invisible. Warm the paper a little,
and the writing will be restored to a beautiful blue.
4. Draw a landscape with Indian ink, and paint the foliage of the vegetables with muriate of cobalt, some of the flowers with acetate of cobalt,
and others with muriate of copper. While this picture is cold it will appear
to be merely an outline of a landscape, or winter scene; but when gently
warmed, the trees and flowers will be displayed in their natural colours,
which they will preserve only while they continue warm. This may be
often repeated.
5. Write with dilute nitrate of silver, which when dry will be entirely
invisible; hold the paper over a vessel containing sulphate of ammonia,
and the writing will appear very distinct. The letters will shine with the
metallic brilliancy of silver.
6. Write with a solution of nitrate or acetate of lead. When the writing
is dry it will be invisible. Then having prepared a glass decanter with a
little sulphuret of iron strewed over the bottom of it, pour a little very dilute
sulphuric acid upon the sulphuret, so as not to wet the mouth of the decanter, and suspend the writing, by means of the glass stopper, within the
decanter. By an attention to the paper the writing will become visible by
degrees, as the gas rises from the bottom of the vessel.
7. Write with a weak solution of sulphate of iron, let it dry, and it will
be invisible. By dipping a feather in tincture of galls and drawing the
wet feather over the letters, the writing will be restored and appear black.
8. Write with a similar solution, and when dry wash the letters in the
same way with prussiate of potash, and they will be restored of a beautiful
blue.
9. Write with a solution of sulphate of copper, wash as before with
prussiate of potash, and the writing will be revived of a reddish-brown
colour.
10. Write on paper with a solution of nitrate of bismuth; when this is
dry the writing will be invisible; but if the paper be exposed to sulphuretted hydrogen gas, the words will be distinctly legible.
11. A letter written with a diluted solution of bismuth, becomes, when
dry, illegible: iut a feather dipped in a solution of sulphuret of potash,
will instantly blacken the oxide, and revive the writing.
9




ï~~9S8

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

How to prepare Vegetable Oysters.
Boil salsify, or vegetable oysters till the skin will come off easily. When
you have taken it off neatly, cut the roots in bits as long as an oyster; put
into a deep vegetable dish a layer of crumbs of bread or crackers, a little
salt and pepper and nutmeg, and a covering of butter as thin as you can
cut it; then a layer of oysters, till your dish is filled, having crumbs at
top. Fill the dish with water, and brown them handsomely. They can
remain two hours in the oven without injury, or be eaten in half an hour.
Indian-Meal Cakes.
To three pints of Indian-meal, a piece of butter as large as an egg, and
a tea-spoonful of salt. Put two tea-cupfuls of boiling water, stir it in, then
add three eggs, and milk to make it to the consistency of batter. Half a
tea-spoonful of sal-eratus.
To prepare a Round of Fresh Beef for Boiling.
Put the beef in a dish of sufficient size, and add water enough to cove2
the lower part of the meat. Then put a quantity of salt on the top. In
a few hours it becomes well seasoned, and when thoroughly boiled, makes
a most palatable dish.
To purify the Breath.
Gum catechu, 2 ounces; white sugar, 4 ounces; orris powder, 1 ounce.
Make into a paste with mucilage, and add a drop or two of neroli.
Brewer's Flour of Corianders.
Coriander-seeds 4 parts; quassia, 3 parts; aloes and nux vomica eacl
t part. Grind well together. This is used to adulterate beer, but fron
containing nux vomica, is a very dangerous preparation.
To fit up a small Brewhouse.
1. Procure a copper, in size, according to the quantity you intend ti
brew, with a gauge-stick to ascertain the number of ullage gallons. 2. A
mash tub or tun. 3. Three or four shallow coolers. 4. One or two wooden
bowls. 5. A thermometer. 6. A few sweet empty casks. 7. A large
funnel or tunner. 8. A hand-pump. 9. Two or three wooden buckets.
The copper and mash tun must each hold about two-thirds the quantity
you intend to brew.
Oil of Bricks.
Sweet oil, 5 parts; brick-dust, 1 part. Distil.
Brine for Salting Meat, 4c.
Soft wafer, 1 gallon; dry salt, 4 pounds. Dissolve in the water, previously heated, then strain.
Brittania Metal.
1. Tin, 82 parts; lead, 18 parts; brass, 5 parts; antimony, 5 parts.
Mix.
2. Brass, 1 part; antimony, 4 parts; tin, 20 parts. Mix.
3. Plate brass, tin, bismuth, and antimony, of each equal parts. Add
this mixture to melted tin until it acquires the proper colour and hardness.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

9

Breeches Balls.
Pipe-clay, whiting, yellow ochre, ox gall to mix, equal parts. Mix.
Any other colour may be used instead of ochre, or it may be entirely
Omittcd.
Bronze.
1. Copper, 83 parts; zinc, 11 parts; tin, 4 parts; lead, 2 parts. Mix.
2. Crpper, 14 parts; melt, and add zinc, 6 parts; tin, 4 parts.
Ancient Bronze.
Copper, 100 parts; lead and tin, each 7 parts. Mix.
To give an Antique Appearance to Bronze Figures
Salt of sorrel, I part; sal ammoniac, 4 parts; white vinegar 224 parts.
Dissolive, and apply with a camel-hair pencil, just sufficient to damp the
bronze, previously warmed. Repeat the operation if required.
Keller's Bronze.
Coppsr, 91 parts; tin, 2 parts; zinc, 6 parts; lead, 1 part. Mix.
Alloy for Bronze Ornaments.
Copper, 82 parts; zinc, 18 parts; tin, 3 parts; lead, 3 parts.
Bronze Powder.
Bichloride of mercury, 1 part; borax and nitre, each 8 parts; tutty, 16
parts; r erdigris, 32 parts; oil to make into a paste. Melt.
Beautiful Red Bronze Powder.
Sulpl ate of copper, 100 parts; carbonate of soda, 60 parts. Apply
heat until they unite into a mass, then cool, powder, and add copper filings,
15 parts. Well mix, and keep them at a white heat for twenty minutes,
then cool, powder, and wash and dry.
Bronzing Fluid for Guns, 4-c.
Nitric acid, sp. gr. 1.2, nitric ether, alcohol, muriate of iron, each I part.
Mix, then add sulphate of copper, 2 parts; dissolved in water, 10 parts.
Broomley's Remedy to cure the Fit of Drunkenness.
Aromatic water of ammonia, 2 drachms; distilled water, 2 ounces.
Mix.
Brown Colour for Marbling or Sprinkling Books.
1. Logwood chips, I part; annatto, I part; boil in water, 6 parts. If
too licht, add a piece of copperas about the size of a pea.
2. Umber, any quantity. Grind it on a slab with ox gall and a little
lampblack. Dilute with ale.
Browning.
Lump-sugar (powdered), 32 parts; salad oil, 8 parts. Heat in an iron
vessel until quite brown, then add Port wine, 32 parts; Cape wine, 64
parts; elder wine, 32 parts; shalots, 6 parts; mixed spice, 4 parts; black
pepper, 4 parts; mace, 1 part; salt, 8 parts; lemon-juice, 16 parts; catsup, 32 parts. Boil, then let it settle and decant the clear liquid for use.
'his gives a fine colour and flavour to gravies.




ï~~100

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Brown Hard Spirit Varnish.
Gum sandarach, 1 pounds; shell lac, 1+ pounds; alcohol (65 op.), I
gallon. Dissolve in a close vessel, then add turpentine varnish, 20 ounces
Mix well.
Brown Paint.
Venetian red, or Spanish brown, I cwt.; road dust, 3 cwt.; common
soot, 28 pounds; lime-water, 15 gallons. Factitious linseed oil to grind.
Brown Stout.
Burnt-malt colouring and treacle, and add it to porter.
Brown Tincture.
Alcohol (weak), and pour it on some burnt bread and a little bruised
rhatany root. Let it stand until coloured.
Brucine.
Bark of brucea antidysenterica, 1 part; ether, 2 parts. Digest and
strain, then steep the residue in alcohol for some time, filter and evaporate
to dryness; dissolve the remainder in distilled water, and add a little solution of acetate of lead; filter, and add liquid sulphuretted hydrogen; filter
a third time, and add a little magnesia, filter again, and wash the sediment
very cautiously with cold water, and dry; then digest in alcohol, filter and
gradually distil off the spirit. This preparation may be purified still further, byneutralizing it with oxalic acid, crystallizing, and exposing it to
the action of alcohol and ether, then dissolving it in water, and neutralizing the acid with magnesia; next filter, digest the residue in alcohol; filter
again, and evaporate.
Brunswick Black for Grates.
1. Asphaltum, 5 pounds; melt, and add boiled oil, 2 pounds; spirits
of turpentine, I gallon. Mix.
2. Litharge, 7 pounds; asphaltum, 45 pounds; melt, then add boiled
oil, 7 gallons. Boil until the mixture strings well, and on cooling a little
becomes quite hard, then take it from the fire and add spirits of turpentine,
25 gallons, or enough to thin it sufficiently.
Cheap Brunswick Black.
Black pitch, 28 pounds; black resin, 28 pounds; melt, and add black
tar, 28 pounds; mix well, and further add boiled oil, 12 gallons; ground
litharge, 12 pounds. Boil until stringy, and lastly thin it down with spirits
of turpentine.
Burnt Almonds.
Take some fine Valencia or Jordan Almonds, and sift all the dust from
them; put a pint of clarified syrup into the pan for each pound of almonds,
and place it with the almonds on the fire; boil to the ball, then take it off,
and stir the mixture well, that the sugar may grain and become almost a
powder, whilst each almond has a coating. Sift the loose sugar from them
with a coarse sieve, and separate those which adhere. When cold, boil to
the feather more clarified syrup, put in the almonds, give them two or three
boils, take them from the fire, stir them until the sugar grains, sift and separare them. A third coat may be given them in the same manner.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

im

Burnt Almonds-Red.
These are made in the same manner as the last, using prepared cochineal
colour the syrup whilst it is boiling.
Bole Ammoniac.
There is also the French and German bole. These earths are af a pals
red, and possess alexipharmic qualities; they are frequently used in confectionary for painting and gilding.
Brown Stain for Glass.
White glass, 2 parts; manganese, 1 part. Mix.
British Oil, or Oil of Petre.
Oil of turpentine, 1 gallon; Barbadoes tar, 5 pounds. Mix.
Brown Sprinkle for Leather Book Covers, 4'c.
Pearlash or potash, 1 part; soft water, 4 parts. Dissolve and strain.
Buckthorn Paper.
Dip the paper into buckthorn juice and dry.
To Clean Buff Cloth.
Take pipe-clay, and mix it with water until as thick as cream, spread
this over the cloth, and when dry use a hard brush.
To remove Bugs, cc.
1. Corrosive sublimate, 1 ounce; muriatic acid, 2 ounces; water, 4
ounces; dissolve, then add turpentine, 1 pint; decoction of tobacco, I pint.
Mix. For the decoction of tobacco boil two ounces of tobacco in a pint
of water. The mixture must be applied with a paint-brush. This wash
is a deadly poison!
2. The most certain way to destroy bugs, is to put the bedstead into a
close room and set fire to the following composition, placed in an iron pot
upon the hearth, having previously closed up the chimney, then shut the
door; let them remain a day. Sulphur, 10 parts; saltpetre, powdered, 1
part. Mix. Be sure to open the door of the room five or six hours before you venture to go into it a second time.
To hasten the Blowing of Bulbous-Rooted Flowers.
Nitrate of potash, 12 ounces; common salt, 4 ounces; pearlash, 3 ounces;
sugar, 5 ounces; rain-water, 1 quart. Dissolve, and put a spoonful of this
liquid into the flower-glass, then fill it with soft water. Change the wate
every nine dlays.
Burton Ale.
Pale malt, 1 quarter; E.K. hops, 8 pounds; grains of paradise, I poundL
Water sufftlicient to produce 1  barrels. 1800 Fahr. first mash; second
mash, 190) Fahr.; tun at 580.
To clarify Butter.
Take butter, melt it in a warm bath, then let it settle, pour off the cleat,
and cool as quickly as possible. Butter prepared in this way will keep a
tong time good.
9.*




ï~~Â~02

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Butter of Wax.
Wax, 1 part; sweet oil, 2 parts. Mix, with heat.
Brown Salt.
Browning, 1 part; weak spirit, 1 part; table-salt sufficient quantity to
-nix. Evaporate to dryness, and rub through a sieve.
To Cure Butter.
1. Lump-sugar, 5 parts; saltpetre, 8 parts; common salt, 32 p-rts.
Powder fine and sift, then use one ounce of this mixture to every pound
of butter; pack in wood or vitrified jars, not glazed pans. This will keep
butter for two or three years.
2. Common salt, 2 parts; sugar, 1 part; saltpetre, 1 part. Mix in fine
powder and use one ounce of this composition to every pound of butter.
Butter prepared with this mixture will keep three years.
To remove the Turnip Flavour from Butter.
Nitre, 1 part; water, 20 parts. Dissolve, and put a little into the milk,
warm from the cow.
Bottled Buxton Water.
Tartrate of soda, 35 grains; bicarbonate of soda, 20 grains; sulphate
iron, 14 grains. Put them into a soda-water bottle, fill it with clean water
and fit the cork ready: then add sulphuric acid seven or eight drops, and
cork and wire immediately.
Cabinetmaker's Varnish.
Pale shell lac, 700 parts; mastic, 65 parts; strongest alcohol, 1000
parts. Dissolve. Dilute with alcohol.
Callot's Soft Etching Varnish.
Linseed oil, 8 parts; benzoin, 1 part; white wax, 1 part. Melt, and
keep it heated until reduced to two-thirds.
Calomel, or Protochloride of Mercury.
1. Bichloride of mercury, 4 parts; quicksilver, 3 parts. Triturate them
together in a marble mortar until the metallic globules perfectly disappear,
then collect the powder and sublime; next powder fine, and well wash the
sublimate with clean water.
2. Quicksilver, 9 parts; nitric acid (sp. 1.2), 8 parts; digest, then make
a solution with common salt, 8 parts; water, 250 parts. Dissolve, and
mix the two solutions at nearly the boiling point, collect the precipitate
and carefully wash it in water.
3. Process adopted at Apothecaries' Hall.-Mercury, 100 parts;
strong sulphuric acid, 140 parts. Boil in a cast-iron pot until a dry pei
rulphate is obtained, then triturate of the above salt, 124 parts; with mereury, Rl parts: until the globules disappear and a protosulphate is formed,
then add common salt, 68 parts. Well mix and sublime in a stone-ware
cucurbit. The product varies from 190 to 200 parts.
Camphor Cerate.
duct, 2 ounces: lard, 3 ounces; camphor, 1 ounce. Mix.




ï~~PRAC~TICAL RECEIPTS.

103

Calves' Feet Jelly.
Take eight calves' feet and boil them until the water becomes a good
jelly, then add sugar, 1 pound; Port wine, 2 pints; white of two eggs
and shells. Boil for five minutes, and clarify.
Cambrian and Westphalian Essence.
Barbadoes tar, 1 part; liquid burnt sugar, 2 parts; common salt, 4 pans;
water, 100 parts; spirit of wine, 1 part. Mix, and let it stand for a week.
Two or three table-spoonfuls mixed with the salt will be found quite sufficient for a common-sized ham.
Cameleon Mineral.
Pure potass, black oxide of manganese. Fuse together in a crucible.
When this compound is dissolved in water, it changes from green to red,
whence its name.
Oil of Camphor.
Camphor (cut small), 1 ounce; sweet oil, 1 pound. Pour the oil (hot)
on the camphor in a well-corked vessel, and shake it until dissolved.
To render permanent Chalk or Pencil Drawings.
Lay the drawing on its face and give the back two or three thin coats
of the following (No. 1.) mixture; let it dry, and turn it with the chalk
upwards, and give that side one or two coats also; lastly, if you choose,
give it one or two coats of No. 2.
1. Isinglass or gum arabic, 5 parts; water, 12 parts. Mix.
2. Canada balsam, 4 parts; turpentine, 5 parts. Mix.
Chalybeate Pills for Leucorrhcea, 4-c.
1. Sulphate of iron, 1 scruple; balsam of copaivi and liquorice powder
to mix. Divide into forty pills. Dose- three or four, three times a day.
2. Sulphate of zinc, 40 grains; extract of camomile, 60 grains; extract
of gentian, 120 grains; syrup to mix. Divide into fifty pills. Dosetwo, twice a day.
Chalybeate Water.
Water, 2 gallons; iron filings, 1 pound. Put them into a proper vesse.
and force into it six or seven atmospheres of carbonic-acid gas; let it stand
in a cool place for one day, occasionally shaking, then let it settle; pour off
the clear, and bottle immediately.
2. Protosulphate of iron, 3 grains; bicarbonate of potass, 61 grains.
Put them into a wine-bottle, filled with water, and cork it immediately,
then agitate it well.
Gaseous Chalybeate Water Powder.
Bicarbonate of soda, 98 parts; tartaric acid, 116 parts; sulphate of iron,
3 parts; sugar (white), 280 parts. Mix in the state of coarse powder, and
keep dry. This is the quantity for one bottle (quart).
To Crystallize Tin.
Mix one spoonful of muriatic acid, one of nitric acid, eight of water.
Warm block tin over the fire, and rub it with a cloth dipped in the mix-.
tire. Ornament with coloured varnish.




ï~~.04

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Pure Carburetted Hydrogen.
Take alcohol, 1 part; sulphuric acid, 4 parts. Mix in a glass retort, and
apply heat.
Factitious Beeswax.
Take yellow resin, 70 pounds; suet, 35 pounds; powdered turmeric, 5
pounds (or less); potato flour, 9 pounds. Mix, and form into cakes as
seon as it aegins to cool. Rub over each cake when cold with some flour.
A little ivory black prevents too bright a colour.
Camp Vinegar.
Take sliced garlic, 4 ounces; soy, 2 ounces; walnut catsup, 2 ounces;
cayenne pepper, 1 ounce; black pepper, 1 ounce; chopped anchovies, 15;
vinegar, 1 gallon; cochineal, 1 drachm. Infuse for one month, and strain.
Capillaire.
1. Take white sugar, 1 cwt.; water, 8 gallons. Boil to a proper state,
then clarify with eggs, and when cold flavour with orange-flower water, or
rose-water.
2. Take loaf-sugar, 1 cwt.; water, 12 gallons; white of 12 eggs. Put
them into a cold copper, and dissolve, then apply heat and skim it until
quite clear; filter, if necessary, and add orange-flower water, or essence
of neroli, to flavour. A spoonful or two added to water or grog gives it a
very pleasant flavour.
Caraway Brandy.
Take caraway seeds, bruised, 7 pounds; proof spirit, 80 gallons; sugar
42 pounds, dissolved in 20 gallons of water.  Mix and steep for a month
Caraway Cordial.
Take oil of caraway, 3 ounces; oil of cassia, 1 drachm; oil of lemon,
15 drops; oil of orange, 15 drops; proof spirit, 25 gallons, or less. Mix
well, then add sugar, 70 pounds; dissolved in water, 15 gallons. Mix and
fine with eggs.
Factitious Oil of Caraway.
Take oil of caraway, 1 part; castor oil, 2 parts. Mix.
Caraway Water.
Take caraways, 28 pounds; water, 30 gallons. Distil off 27 gallons.
Carmine.
Take cochineal, 1 pound; carbonate of potass, 3z drachms; water, 7
gallons. Simmer for a little time, then remove the copper from the fire, and
scatter powdered alum, 8 drachms, over the surface; let it stand fifteen
minutes, until clear, then decant and put the solution into a clean copper,
heat it, and add isinglass, 3  drachms, previously dissolved in 2 quarts of
water and strained. Then bring it to a boil, and when a coagulum is
formed, take it from the fire and stir it with a clean spatula; let it rest foi
*wenty minutes, and the carmine will be found at the bottom of the liquid
Decant, and drain the carmine upon a piece of fine linen.
The remaining solution will make fine carminated lake.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

101

Liquid Carmine.
Take carmine, 2 parts; ammonia, 3 parts; water, 20 parts. Dissolve.
German Carmine.
Take cochineal, 1 pound; water, 7 gallons. Boil for five minut0:s, then
add alum, 1 ounce. Boil for five.minutes more, filter and set aside the decoction in glass or porcelain vessels for three days, then decant the Equor
and dry the carmine in the shade. The remaining liquor will still deposit
colour of an inferior quality, by standing.
To improve Common Carmine.
Take carmine, one part; water of ammonia to dissolve. Digest in the
sun until the ammonia is saturated with the colouring part of the carmine,
then precipitate the colour with alcohol and acetic acid. Wash the precipitate carefully with alcohol and dry it.
Carminated Lake.
Take cochineal, 5 ounces; water, 12 gallon. Boil for one hour, then
add alum in quantity according to the intended quality; dissolve, strain,
and add a solution of carbonate of potass, until it ceases to produce a pre.
cipitate.
Cannon Metal.
Take tin, 10 parts; copper, 90 parts. Melt.
Pale Carriage Varnish.
Take copal, 32 parts; pale oil, 80 parts; fuse and boil until stringyr,
then add dried white copperas, 1 part; litharge, 1 part. Boil again, then
cool a little, and mix in spirits of turpentine, 150 parts. Strain.
While making the above-Take gum anime, 32 parts; pale oil, 80
parts; dried sugar of lead, I part; litharge, I part; spirits of turpentine,
170 parts. Pursue the same treatment as before, and mix the two varnishes
while hot.
Second Quality Carriage Varnish.
Fake gum anime, 32 parts; oil, 100 parts; spirits of turpentine 150
parts; litharge, I part; dried sugar of lead, 1 part; dried copperas, 1 part.
Proceed as before.
To keep Empty Casks sweet.
Bung them close as soon as emptied.
To sweeten Musty or Stinking Casks.
1. First wash them with sulphuric acid, and then with clear water; afterwards wash them well out with water.
2. For large casks, unhead them and whitewash them with quicklime.
3. Or match them with sulphur mixed with a little nitrate of potash, and
afterwards wash them well with water.
4. Char the inside of the staves.
Observe in every case to scald or well wash the casks out before use.
Cassia Pommade.
Take finely powdered cassia, 4 parts; beef suet, 5 parts; lard, 12 parts
Mit and treat as for Rose Pommade, which see.




ï~~100

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Cassia Water.
Take cassia, j cwt. (or less); water, 62 gallons. Distil off 55 gallons
Sold for cinnamon water.
Scented Cassolettes.
Take oil of Sanders wood, 30 drops; tragacanth, 1 ounce; essence of
roses, I ounce; benzoin, 2 ounces; rose powder, 4 pounds; black amber,
7 pounds. Reduce them to fine powder, then make into a paste with
water.
Castile Soap.
Made like almond soap, only using olive oil. It is mottled by adding a
solution of sulphate of iron while in a liquid state.
Cast Engravings.
Take the engraved plate you intend to copy, and arrange a support of
suitable materials round it, then pour on it the following alloy in a state
of perfect fusion: tin, 1 part; lead, 64 parts; antimony, 12 parts. These
" cast plates" may be worked off on a common printing-press, and offer a
ready mode of procuring cheap copies of the works of our celebrated artists.
Common Castor Oil.
Take pale vegetable oil, 1 gallon; castor oil, 2 gallons. Mix.
Catechu Lozenges.
Take finely-powdered catechu, 4 ounces; finely-powdered sugar, I
pound; mucilage to mix. Add oil of cassia, 20 drops.
Portugal Catechu Lozenges.
The same as for the plain lozenges, only varying the perfume.
Catechu Ointment.
Take catechu powder, 4 ounces; alum, 1 ounce; simple ointment, 14
eunces. Mix the catechu and alum with a little warm water to the proper
consistence, then add the ointment. An excellent pile ointment; it is also
suitable to dress ulcers with in warm climates.
Caoutchouc Catheters.
1. 'rake a piece of catgut, coat it with wax, and dip it into an etherial
solution of caoutchouc, until sufficiently covered, then dry it in a warm
room or stove, and afterwards boil it in water to melt out the wax and catgut.
2. Take a polished wire of the proper size, and wrap round it (spirally)
a thin ribbon of caoutchouc, previously boiled in water, or steeped for a
few minutes in ether. Over this, wind a damp piece of tape, also in a spiral
direction and as tight as possible, and lastly go over it with a piece of coin
muon packthread. When dry, dip the whole into boiling water, and with
draw the wire.
Cayenne Pepper.
Take dried capsicums, salt, equal parts; rose pink and bole to coloum
Grind, and sift the powder through a sieve of proper fineness.  -




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

10

Common Cayenne Pepper.
Take good cayenne, common salt, chipped logwood, equal parts. Pro.
ceed as before.
Crystallized Soluble Cayenne Pepper.
Take powdered cayenne, 1 pound; red sanders wood, 4 ounces; alcohol, 3 pounds. Macerate with heat in a close vessel for a week, then
strain and add common salt, 4 pounds. Evaporate in a vessel suitable for
saving the alcohol; then take the dry powder and rub it through a coarse
sieve. This pepper is wholly soluble. The same alcohol will do for future
operations.
English Cayenne Pepper.
Take chillies, salt, colour, equal parts. Mix, grind, and pass the powder
through a sieve.
Liquid Cayenne Pepper.
Take powdered cayenne, 2 parts; spirit of wine, 10 parts; water, 10
parts; red sanders wood, I part. Digest in a close vessel, at a moderato
heat, for four days, then strain off the clear.
Prepared Cayenne Pepper.
Take the residue from manufacturing Soluble Cayenne, 5 parts; good
cayenne pepper, 1 part. Mix.
Cayenne Wine.
Take cayenne pepper, 6 ounces; white wine, 1 gallon. Macerate for a
week, and strain.
Cream of Cedrat.
Take lump-sugar, 14 pounds; hot water, 3 gallons. Dissolve, then add
spirit of cedrat, 2 pounds; spirit of citron, 1 pound; alcohol, 2 pounds.
Mix well and filter.
Water of Cedrat.
Take loaf-sugar, 5 pounds; water, 7 quarts; spirit of cedrat, 2 quarts;
spirit of citron, 1 quart. Mix together in a close vessel, and let them stand
for one week; then filter.
Catsup for Sea Stores.
Take beer, 1 gallon; vinegar, 3 quarts; anchovies (washed) 1I pounds;
shallots, 1  pounds; mace, cloves, black pepper, each, 2 ounce; ginger
powder, 1 ounce; mushroom flaps, rubbed to pieces, 2 quarts. Boil until
reduced to ten pints, then strain, cool, and bottle. To be used with a little
butter.
Iron Cement.
Take iron borings, 98 parts; sal ammoniac, 2 parts; water to make
them into a paste for use.
A Good Cement.
1. Take shell lac, 1 part; alcohol barely enough to dissolve.
2 Tae shell lac, 1 part; borax, 1 part; water to dissolve. Apply heat
Cheap Cement.
Take brimstone, resin, equal parts. Mix with heat.




ï~~i08

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Fdurteen Miscellaneous Experiments.
1 Take a slip of blue litmus paper, dip it into acetous acid, and it will
immediately become red. This is a test so delicate, that, according to
Bergman, it will detect the presence of sulphuric acid, even if the water
contain only one part of acid to thirty-five thousand parts of water. Litmus paper which has been thus changed by immersion in acids, is, wben
dried, a good test for the alkalies; for, if it be dipped in a fluid containing
the smallest portion of alkali, the red will disappear, and the paper be
restored to its original blue colour.
2. Take a slip of turmeric paper, and dip it into any alkaline solution;
this will change the yellow to a deep brown. In many cases turmeric is
preferable to litmus paper for detecting alkali in solution, as it suffers no
change from carbonate of lime, which is often found in mineral waters.
This paper will detect the presence of soda, though it should amount to
no more than  - --dth part of the water. The paper thus changed by an
alkali, would, if dried, be still useful as a test for acids, as these restore its
original yellow.
3. Into a large glass jar, inverted upon a flat brick tile, and containing
near its top a branch of fresh rosemary, or any other such shrub, moistened
with water, introduce a flat thick piece of heated iron, on which place some
gum benzoin in gross powder. The benzoic acid, in consequence of the
heat, will be separated, and ascend in white fumes, which will at length
condense, and form a most beautiful appearance upon the leaves of the
vegetable. This will serve as an example of sublimation.
4. Introduce a little carbonate of ammonia into a Florence flask, and
place that part of the flask which contains the salt on the surface of a bason
of boiling water: the heat will soon cause the carbonate of ammonia to
rise undecomposed, and attach itself to the upper part of the vessel, affording another example of simple sublimation.
5. Mix a little acetate of lead with an equal portion of sulphate of zinc,
both in fine powder; stir them together with a piece of glass or wood, and
no chemical change will be perceptible: but if they be rubbed together in
a mortar, the two solids will operate upon each other; an intimate union
will take place, and a fluid will be produced. If alum or glauber salt be
used instead of sulphate of zinc, the experiment will be equally successful.
6. Pour a little water into a phial containing about an ounce of olive
oil. Shake the phial, and if the contents be observed we shall find that no
union has taken place. But if some solution of caustic potash be added,
and the phial be then shaken, an intimate combination of the materials will
be formed by the disposing affinity of the alkali, and a perfect soap produced.
7. Put a little common sulphur with one-eighth of its weight of nitre,
into an iron dish, place it under a jar of oxygen gas, and set fire to it, and
sulphuric acid will be formed. This is an example of the formation of an
acid by combustion.
8. Take the acid formed in the last experiment, concentrate it by boilinrg.
mix it with a little powdered charcoal, and submit the mixture in a Florence
flask to the heat of an Argand's lamp. By this process sulphur will be
regenerated, and will sublime into the neck of the flask. An example of
the decomposition of an acid.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

G113

9. Melt sulphur in a small iron ladle, and carry it 'nto a dark room in
the state of fusion. If an ounce or two of copper filings be now thrown in,
light will be evolved.
10. Fuse a small quantity of nitre in a crucible, and, when in completf
fusion, throw pulverized coal into it by small quantities at a time. The
carbonaceous matter will decompose the nitre, and the bituminous part will
burn away without acting upon it. This experiment will exhibit a,node
of analyzing coal; for every 100 grains of nitre that are decomposed in
this way, denote ten grains of carbon.
11. If hot water be poured into a glass jar of cold water, it will remain
on the surface; but if cold water be poured upon hot water, it will sink to
the bottom of the vessel. This experiment may be rendered more obvious
by colouring that portion of the water which is poured in. The design of
this experiment is to show the change of the specific gravity of the same
body, merely by the agency of caloric.
12. Into a glass of water containing a small portion of common salt,
drop some of a clear solution of nitrate of silver, and an insoluble precipitate of muriate of silver will be produced. This experiment is designed to
give the pupil some idea of the method of analyzing mineral waters. Every
100 grains of this precipitate, when dried, indicate 42 grains of common
salt.
13. Into a glass of Aix-la-Chapelle water, or water holding a small portion of potash, drop a little of the solution of nitro-muriate of platina, and
an immediate yellow precipitate will be produced. This affords another
instance of the nature of the means usually employed to detect whatever
substances may be dissolved in mineral waters.
14. Into distilled water drop a little spirituous solution of soap, and no
chemical effect will be perceived; but if some of the same solution be added
to hard water, a milkiness will immediately be produced, more or less, according to the degree of its impurity. This is a good method of ascertaining the purity of spring water.
Low or Fever Diet
Panada; gruel; milk, thickened with arrow-root; plain bread-pudding;
arrow-root - salep, and tapioca jellies; rice-milk; chicken or veal-tea.
Drink for Invalids.
1. Barley-water, acidulated with lemon-juice; milk and water; lemon
or orange-whey; thin gruel; bohea; balm, or mint tea.
2. Fresh small-beer; porter; port or claret wine with water; weak
brandy and water.
3. Brisk cider and perry; sherry, port, or claret-wine; rum or brandy
diluted with water.
Restorative or Convalescent Diet.
Rice or bread-pudding; hartshorn; isinglass, or calves'-feet jelly;
oysters and shell-fish; flounder and soles; veal, fowl, rabbit, and lamb.
Generous or Full Diet.
Rice or bread-pudding; broth or gravy-soup; oysters and shell-fish,
veal, fowl, lamb, mutton, heef, pork, &c., jelly of hartshorn, calves'-fect, or
isinglass; meat-soups with vegetables.
10




ï~~It0

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Brass or Hard Solder.
Brass, 2 parts; zinc, 1 part. A little tin is occasionally added.
Paste for Cleaning Brass.
Starch, 1 part; powdered rotten-stone, 12 parts; sweet oil, 2 parts
oxalic acid, 2 parts. Water to mix.
Collyrium.
1. Sulphate of zinc, 15 grains; rose-water, 2 ounces. Mix.
2. Goulard-water, 1 drachm; rose-water, J pint; laudanum, 60 drops.
Mix.
3. Goulard-water, 1 drachm; rose-water, 1 pint. Mix.
To Clean Coloured Silks.
Put some white soap into boiling water, and heat it until dissolved in
a strong lather. At a hand-heat put in the article. If strong, it may be
rubbed as in washing; rinse it quickly in warm water, and add oil of
vitriol, sufficient to give another water a sourish taste, if for bright yellows,
crimsons, maroons, and scarlets; but for oranges, fawns, browns, or other
shades, use no acid. For bright scarlet, use a solution of tin. Gently
squeeze and then roll it in a coarse sheet, and wring it. Hang it in a
warm room to dry, and finish it by calendering or mangling.
For pinks, rose colours, and thin shades, &c., instead of oil of vitriol, or
solution of tin, prefer lemon-juice, or white tartar, or vinegar.
For blues, purples, and their shades, add a small quantity of American
pearlash; it will restore the colours. Wash the articles like a linen garment, but, instead of wringing, gently squeeze and sheet them, and when
dry, finish them with fine gum-water, or dissolved isinglass, to which add
some pearlash, rubbed on the wrong side; then pin them out.
Blues of all shades are dyed with archil, and afterwards dipped in a vat;
twice cleaning with pearlash, restores the colour. For olive-greens, a small
quantity of verdigris dissolved in water, or a solution of copper, mixed with
the water, will revive the colour again.
Colourless Soft Sealing- Wax.
Bees'-wax, 11 parts; turpentine, 3 parts; olive-oil, 1 part; shell lac, 5
parts. Mix with heat. Any colour may be given to this wax, by mixing.t with a sufficient quantity of any of the usual pigments employed in paint.
ing, previously reduced to fine powder.
Essence of Coltsfoot.
Balsam of tolu, 1 part; compound tincture of benzoin, 1 part; rectified
spirits, 4 parts. Mix.
Copal Varnish.
Copal, 30 parts; drying oil, 25 parts; spirits of turpentine, 50 parts.
Put the copal into a vessel capable of holding 200 parts, and fuse it as
quickly as possible, then add the oil previously heated to nearly the boiling
point; well mix, next cool a little, add the spirits of turpentine; again wel
mix and cover up until the temperature has fallen to 1400 Fahr., thei
strain.




ï~~rRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

III

Compound Colours, in Dyeing,
Are prod,:cd by mixing together two simple ones; or, which is the
same thing, by dyeing cloth first of the simple colour, and then by another.
These colours vary to infinity, according to the proportions of the ingredients employed. From blue, red, and yellow, red-olives and greenishgreys are made.
From blue, red, and brown, olives are made from the lightest to the
darkest shades; and by giving a greater shade of red, the slated and lavender-greys are made.
From blue, red, and black, greys of all shades are made, such as sage,
pigeon, slate, and lead-greys. The king's or prince's colour is duller than
usual; this mixture produces a variety of hues or colours almost to infinity.
From yellow, blue, and brown, are made the goose-dung and olives of
all kinds.
From brown, blue, and black, are produced brown-olives, and their
shades.
From the red, yellow, and brown, are derived the orange, gold colour,
feuille-mort, or faded leaf, dead carnations, cinnamon, fawn, and tobacco,
by using two or three of the colours as required.
From yellow, red, and black, browns of every shade are made.
From blue and yellow, greens of all shades.
From red and blue, purples of all kinds are formed.
Plain Confectionary Drops.
Double-refined sugar, pound and sift it through a hair-sieve, not too
fine; and then sift it through a gauze-sieve, to take out all the fine dust,
which would destroy the beauty of the drop. Put the sugar into a clean
pan, and moisten it with any favourite aromatic; if rose-water, pour it in
slowly, stirring it with a paddle, which the sugar will fall from, as soon as
it is moist enough, without sticking. Colour it with a small quantity of
liquid carmine, or any other colour, ground fine. Take a small pan with
a lip, fill it three parts with paste, place it on a small stove, the half hole
being of the size of the pan, and stir the sugar with a little ivory or bone
handle, until it becomes liquid. When it almost boils, take it from the
fire and continue to stir it; if it be too moist take a little of the powdered
sugar, and add a spoonful to the paste, and stir it till it is of such a consistence as to run without too much extension. Have a tin plate, very
clean and smooth; take the little pan in the left hand, and hold in the
right a bit of iron, copper, or silver wire, four inches long, to take off the
drop from the lip of the pan, and let it fall regularly on the tin plate; two
hours afterwards take off the drops with the blade of a knife.
To dissolve Copal in Spirit.
Take the copal and expose it in a vessel formed like a colander to the
front of a fire, and receive the drops of melted gum in a basin of cold
water, then well dry them in a temperature of about 950 Fahr. By trett-.g copal in this way, it acquires the property of dissolving in alcohol
Solution of Conitine.
Unripe grape-juice, 8 ounces; pure conitine, 20 grains. Dissolve.




ï~~I12

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Cement for Floors.
Earthen floors are commonly made of loam, and sometimes, especially
to make malt on, of lime and brook sand, and gun dust or anvil dust from
the forge. The manner of making earthen floors for plain country habitations, is as follows:-Take two thirds of lime and one of coal-ashes well
sifted with a small quantity of loam clay, mix the whole together, and temper it well with water, making it up into a heap; let it lie a week or ten
days, and then temper it over again. After this, heap it up for three or
four days, and repeat the tempering very high, till it becomes smooth,
yielding, tough, and gluey. The ground being then levelled, lay the floor
therewith about two and a half or three inches thick, making it smooth
with a trowel; the hotter the season is the better; and when it is thoroughly dried it will make the best floor for houses, especially for malthouses. If any one would have their floors look better, let them take lime
of rag-stones, well tempered with whites of eggs, covering the floor about
half an inch thick with it, before the under flooring is too dry. If this be
well done, and thoroughly dried, it will look, when rubbed with a little oil,
as transparent as metal or glass. In elegant houses, floors of this nature are
made of stucco, or of plaster of Paris beaten and sifted, and mixed with
other ingredients.
Parisian Cement.
Take gum arabic, 1 ounce; water, 2 ounces; starch to thicken.
Plumber's Cement.
Take resin, 1 part; brickdust, 2 parts: Mix with heat.
Stone Cement.
Take river sand, 20 parts; litharge, 2 parts; quicklime, 1 part; linseed
oil to mix.
Simple Cerate.
1. Sweet oil, 4 pounds; suet, 4 pounds; white wax, 3 pounds; spermaceti, 1 pound. Melt and add water, 2 pounds, and stir the whole until
cold.
2, Take white wax, 1 pound; sweet oil, 2 pounds; water, 12 ounces.
Melt and stir until cold.
Chalk Lozenges.
1. Take powdered white sugar, 8 parts; prepared chalk, 1 part; mucitage sufficient to mix. Form the mass into lozenges of the usual size.
2. Take prepared chalk, 1 pound; starch, 2 pounds; white sugar, 4
pounds; mucilage to mix. Add a few drops of essence of cinnamon, nutmeg, or ginger.
Chalk Mixture.
1. Take prepared chalk, 4 drachms; white sugar, 4 drachms; powder.
ed gum, 4 drachms; water, 1 pint. Mix gradually until reduced to a milk.
Used as an antacid in diarrhcea.
2. Take creta, p. p. 3 ounces; loaf-sugar, 1 ounce; powdered gum, 1
ounce; tinct. catechu, 1 ounce; laudanum, 2 drachms; water, 6 ounces
Mix. Dose: one table-spoonful every two hours.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

113

Cephalic Plaster.
Take Burgundy pitch, 32 parts; labdanum, 16 parts; yellow resin, 4
parts; yellow wax, 4 parts; oil, 1 part. Mix with heat.
Cephalic Snuff.
1. Take asarabacca leaves, marjoram, light Scotch snuff, equal parts.
Grind them, and sift the resulting powder.
2. Take powdered asarum, 1 pound; powdered Scotch snuff' (dry), 1
pounds; simple powder, 2 pounds; hellebore, 4 ounces. Mix and sift.
Gum of Violets.
Violet flowers one pound, picked gum two pounds, sugar four ounces in
syrup. Pour three pints of water at the boiling point on the flowers in an
earthen jar; stop it perfectly close, and keep it in a warm place for ten or
twelve hours; strain the infusion by expression into a fiat pan or dish,
place it on an inclination, and let it rest for an hour that the fieces may
subside; pour off the clear gently from the bottom on settling, and add to
it six grains of turnsole bruised, and six grains of carmine, as this clear
infusion is not sufficiently coloured to give it the beautiful tint of the violet.
Mix in the powdered gum and sugar, stir it over a moderate fire until dissolved, pass it through a sieve, and finish in the bain-marie, as jujubes.
The gum of violets, like most gum compounds, when dry, may be crystallized.
Detergent Ointment.
Take yellow resin, 1 pound; yellow wax, 1 pound; lard, 1 pound;
suet, 1 pound; powdered verdigris, 4 ounces; powdered black pepper, 4
ounces; euphorbium, 2 ounces. Mix, with heat.
De Velvo's Syrup.
Take angelica, dockwort, liquorice, and dulcamara, of each equal parts;
boil them in sixteen times their weight of water, then add sugar to make a
syrup.
Compound Diachylon.
Take gum ammoniac, 1 pound; turpentine, 4 ounces. Melt, then add
yellow wax, 2 pounds; yellow resin, 2 pounds; linseed oil, 1 pound; fenriugreek seeds, 2 ounces. Mix, with heat.
Yellow Diachylon.
Take simple diachylon, 16 parts; galbanum (reduced), 3 parts; turpentine, 1 part; thuris, I part. Mix, with heat.
White Diachylon.
Take litharge, 10 parts; water, 5 parts; sweet oil, 16 parts. Mix, with
heat.
Diamond Cement.
Take isinglass, soak it in water until it becomes soft, then dissolve it in
proof-spirit, and add a little resin varnish. Used for joining china, glass,
&c., and, under the name of, Armenian cement," for j )ining and fixing,,recious stones.
10*




ï~~14

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Draught for Diarrhoea.
Take tincture of opium, 30 drops; prepared chalk, 2 drachms; powdered gum, 4 drachms; tincture of catechu, 2 drachms; rose-water, 2
ounces. Mix, and take a table-spoonful three or four times a day.
A Natural Dentifrice.
The juice of the strawberry.
Diet Tables.
LOW DIET.
Breakfast and Tea.-Warm new milk and water; weak black tea, its
astringent properties corrected by a due addition of milk. Gruel, toast of
brown or household bread, at least one day old, and without butter. Rusks
sopped in the above fluids.
Dinner.-Gruel, new milk and arrow-root, sago, or tapioca; chicken and
veal broths; roast apples; light bread puddings. Pastry of every description must be avoided. (By pastry, is meant custards, trifles, tartlets, spongecakes, puffs, buns, cheese-cakes, and other abominations. The same interdiction applies equally to all other stages in a course of dietetics.)
Supper.-Gruel, arrow-root.
Occasional Drinks.-Filtered or spring water; toast-water made with
toasted bread or browned biscuit; barley-water; whey; lemonade of subdued acidity Sweet oranges may be freely taken, if the sense of thirst be
oppressive Great regularity must be observed in taking these meals.
MIDDLE DIET.
Breakfast and Tea.-Same as in low diet, with the addition of mixed
tea. Dry toast, rusks, captain's biscuits.
Luncheon (if required).-A cup of isinglass, arrow-root, sago, tapioca,
with biscuit, or two or three bars of toasted (stale) bread; or these with
oranges.
Dinner.-In addition to " low diet," boiled chickens; calves' and sheep's
feet stewed; mutton broth; beef tea; boiled soles, whiting, turbot, &c.;
lamb; potatoes, asparagus, light bread or rice pudding, roast apples. After
the repast, may be taken one glass of port, old sherry, or Madeira wine, diluted with at least twice its quantity of water.
Supper.-A cup of gruel, sago, tapioca, or arrow-root.
FULL DIET.
Breakfast and Tea.-Same as in " middle diet;" in addition to which
may be taken coffee or chocolate. Stale or toasted bread, but very sparingly
buttered.
Luncheon.-A biscuit and a glass of table ale or porter.
Dinner.-The " middle diet" bill of fare may be augmented by boiled
lamb, chickens, mutton-chop, rump-steaks, roast or boiled fresh meats, light
bread puddings, fruit pies (avoiding the pastry), baked or boiled rice or tapioca puddings. At this meal table-beer or porter may be taken as common
drink, and after it, one or even two glasses of port, old sherry, or Madeira,
carefully noting the symptoms produced by their effect.
Supper.-Same as in " middle diet."
An additional glass of wine at dinner, or luncheon, will convert this, full" into " generous" diet.




ï~~PhIACTICAL RECEIPTS.

115

Milk, Farinaceous, Vegetable and Fruit Diet.
The articles of food within this range are milk, eggs lightly boiled, gruel,
sago, arrow-root, tapioca, isinglass, wheaten and barley bread, rice, potatoes, carrots, parsnips, turnips, artichokes, peas, cauliflowers, cabbage, spinach, water-cress, celery. Fruit may be regarded rather as a luxury than as
nutriment; however when taken in moderation it is wholesome; when to
excess, poisonous. Stone fruit, as nectarines, apricots, peaches, plums and
cherries, are the least digestible, and should never be taken but when ripe;
apples and pears are not so apt to run into the acetous fermentation as
stone fruit, but, unless ripe and well masticated, had better be eaten cooked.
Oranges, gooseberries (avoiding the skins), grapes without the husks and
seeds, currants, ripe strawberries and raspberries, follow consecutively in
the order in which they are here enumerated, the first being most easy of
digestion. Notwithstanding such an ample store of materials, the selection
must of course depend upon season, appetite, and the known effects of
each upon individual constitutions.
Digestive Ointment, for Cattle.
1. Tallow, 9 pounds; red precipitate, 1 pound; lard, 2 pounds. Mix.
2. Tallow, 3 pounds; resin, 3 pounds; spirits of turpentine, 3 pounds;
powdered verdigris, 1 pound. Mix.
Paste resembling the Diamond.
Take white sand, 1800 parts; red lead, 1200 parts; pearlash, 900 parts
nitre, 600 parts; arsenic, 100 parts; manganese 1 part. To render this
paste still harder, use less lead, and if it should incline to yellow, add a little more manganese.
Dill Water.
Take seeds, 28 pounds, or less; water, 16 gallons. Distil off fourteen
or fifteen gallons.
To Estimate Distance.
Observe how many seconds elapse between a flash of lightning and the
thunder, and multiply them by 1142, the number of feet sound travels in a
second, the product will be the distance in feet. The same process may be
applied to the flash and repo) of a gun, or any other sound, provided we
can ascertain the time at which it is produced, and the interval that elapses
before it reaches the ear.
Illustration. Saw a flash of lightning five seconds before I heard the
thunder: required the distance.
5 X 11,12 =1 4    mile distant.
3X 1760
In the absence of a watch, the pulsations at the wrist may be counted ao
seconds, by deducting one from every seven or eight.
To recover Spoiled Distilled Waters.
To every pint add borax, 1 grain, alum, 1 grain.
To prevent Distilled Waters turning Sour.
To every gallon add one ounce of finely-powdered calcined magnesia,
and shake them well together, then allow the mixture to settle.




ï~~16

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS

Flexible Asphaltic Roofing.
To supersede the use of slates, tiles, zinc, thatch, &c., in the covering
and lining of farm-buildings, sheds, cottages, and other erections. It is
durable, light, and economical: its weight is only 60 pounds to a square
of 100 feet, so that the walls and timbers to support it require to be but
half the usual substance; it is also a non-conductor of heat, is impervious
to damp, and will bear a heat of 2200 without injury.
Chambers's Remedy for Drunkenness.
Tartar emetic, 8 grains; rose-water, 4 ounces. Mix. Put a tablespoonful into the whole quantity of liquor drunk each day by the patient,
and let him take it as usual. Be careful not to exceed a table-spoonful or
half an ounce.
Oil of Camomile.
Flowers, 4 pounds; rape oil, 1 gallon. Beat them together and macerate for a few days, then express the oil.
British Champagne.
1. Loaf sugar, 56 pounds; brown sugar (pale), 48 pounds; water
(warm), 45 gallons; white tartar, 4 ounces. Mix, and at a proper temperature add yeast, 1 quart; afterwards add sweet cider, 5 gallons; bitter
almonds (bruised), 6 or 7 in number; pale spirit, 1 gallon; orris powder,
ounce.
2. Take three gallons of water and nine pounds of raw sugar; boil the
water and sugar half an hour, skim it clean, and then pour the boiling
liquor upon one gallon of currants, picked from the stalks but not bruised;
and when cold, work it for two days with half a pint of ale yeast: afterwards pour it through a flannel bag, and put it into a clean cask, with half
a pint of isinglass finings. When it has done working, bung it, and let
it stand a month; then bottle it, putting into every bottle a very small
lump of loaf-sugar. This is an excellent wine, and has a beautiful colour.
This must be kept in sand.
3. Gooseberries (hardly ripe and bruised), 20 gallons; water, 20 gallons. Mix and stir well for two days, then strain, squeezing the mixture
well, and return the liquor two or three times; then add to every gallon
of the liquor 2 to 3  pounds of lump-sugar, and allow it to ferment; after
some days; take off the scum and add half a pint of alcohol to every gallon, and afterwards one pint of finings, then hung up close.
4. Mashed ripe white gooseberries, 20 gallons; soft water, milk-warm,
20 gallons; lump-sugar, 20 pounds. Mix and ferment without yeast, and
when only a slight hissing noise is head, rack it into a clean cask, and add
proof spirit, 1: or 2 gallons; dried orange-peel, bruised, - ounce; dried
lemon-peel, bruised, - ounce; dried orris root, bruised,  ounce; white
tartar, 1 ounce. Place it in a cellar where the temperature is low, and in
a frtnight taste it, if not sweet enough add more lump-sugar with half a
pint or a pint of finings, then bung close.
5. Cold water, 9 gallons; white gooseberries, 10 gallons; ferment, then
add white sugar, 12 pounds; raisins, 3 pounds; white tartar, dissolved, 2
ounces; dried orange-peel,   ounce; dried lemon-peel, - ounce; orris
root, bruised, J ounce; spirit of wvine (pf.), 1 gallon; a handful of sweet
briar blossoms.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

117

Pink Champagne.
Cochincal 1U ounces. Bruise it, and put it into a hogshead of white
champagne
Catechu Lozenges.
Sugar four pounds, catechu twelve ounces. Make into paste with dir
solved gum.
Catechu a l'Ambergris.
To the paste for catechu lozenges add sixteen grains of Ambergris.
Catechu with Musk.
The same as for catechu, adding sixteen grains of musk.
Catechu with Orange-Flowers.
As before, adding twelve drops of essence of neroli.
Catechu with Violets.
As before, adding Florence orris-root in powder, three drachms. '1 ese
are all used to fasten the teeth, and disguise an offensive breath.
Cheap Beer.
Fill a boiler with the green shells of peas, pour on water till it rises half
an inch above the shells, and simmer for three hours. Strain off the liquor,
and add a strong decoction of the wood sage, or the hop, so as to render it
pleasantly bitter; then ferment in the usual manner. The word sage is
the best substitute for hops, and being free from any anodyne property, is
entitled to a preference. By boiling a fresh quantity of shells in the decoction before it becomes cold, it may be so thoroughly impregnated with
saccharine matter, as tc afford a liquor, when fermented, as strong as ale.
Cheap Cement.
Quick-lime, 1 part; white of egg, 2 parts. Mix, and apply at once.
Chelsea Pensioner's Remedy for Gout and Rheumatism.
1. Gum guaiacum, 1 ounce; rhubarb (powder), 2 drachms; flowers of
sulphur, 2 ounces; cream of tartar, 1 ounce; ginger powder, 1 ounce.
Make them into an electuary with treacle. Dose-two tea-spoonfuls night
and morning.
2. Powdered guaiacum, 1 part; powdered rhubarb, 2 parts; cream of
tartar, 8 parts; flowers of sulphur, 16 parts; nutmeg, 2 parts; honey,
130 parts. Dose for rheumatism, &c., two large spoonfuls night and
morning.
Cheltenham Salts.
Glauber salts, common salts, Epsom salts, equal parts, powder. Dosehalf an ounce to one ounce.
Bottled Cheltenham Water.
Take soda-water bottles and nearly fill them with clear water, then add
Rochelle salt, 1 drachm; bicarbonate of soda, 25 grains; chloride of,diumn, 5 grains; sulphuric acid, 7 drops. Cork and wire them imme;
ately.




ï~~ds1

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Effervescing Cheltenham Salts.
Tatlarnc acid, dried, 25 parts; tartrate of iron, 1 part; seidlitz salt, 120
parts. Mix. Dose-a full tea-spoonful in a glass of water.
Chemic Blue.
Indigo, I part; oil of vitriol, 9 parts. Dissolve.
Cherry Brandy.
1. Treacle, 125 pounds; spirit (45 up.), 95 gallons; bruised bitter
almonds, 12 ounces (more or less, to taste); cloves, - to 1 ounce; cassia,
J to 1 ounce. Put the ingredients into a large cask, well mix and let them
lie a month, occasionally stirring.
2. Cherries, bruised, 25 gallons; sugar, 30 pounds; cloves, cassia, each
ounce; spirit (35 up.), 60 gallons; bitter almonds, bruised, 3 ounces
Dissolve the sugar in a little water, and then put the whole into a cask and
macerate for three months, occasionally stirring.
Perfumed Chers y juice Paper.
Dip the paper into the prepared juice and dry.
Cherry Wine.
Water, 10 gallons; fruit, bruised, 10 gallons; sugar, 22 pounds; cherry-stones, bruised, 2 pounds; honey, 5 pounds. Boil and ferment, then
add spirit, 1 gallon; red tartar, 6 ounces; cardamoms, bruised, 1 ounce.
Chevalier Ruspini's Tooth Powder.
Cuttle-fish bone, 16 parts; cream of tartar, 4 parts; prepared chalk, 4
parts; roach alum, 2 parts; orris powder, 3 parts; oil of rhodium, 10
drops; oil of lavender, 10 drops. Reduce them to a fine powder and sift
trnrough gauze.
Factitious Chia Turpentine.
1. Yellow resin, 56 pounds; spirits of turpentine, 2 gallons; Canada
balsam, 10 pounds; rape oil, 8 pounds; lard, 8 pounds. Melt, then cool
a little and stir in water, 15 pounds.
2. Yellow resin, 84 pounds; spirits of turpentine, 4 gallons; rape oil,
1 gallon; water, 2 gallons. Melt the first three together, then cool a little
and stir in the water.
To clean China.
Use a little fuller's earth and soda, or pearlash with your water.
To make an Aquatic Life Hat.
The upper part of the crown of the hat is made air-tight and waterproof, so that in the event of the wearer falling into the water, it will save
him by its buoyancy from being drowned, if he only holds it in his hand
It is to be fastened by a small riband to the button-hole of the wearer's
coat, in aquatic expeditions, &c. In order to render the hat still more
efficacious, and enable it to save more lives than one, the lining is formed
so as to be capable of being pulled out and inflated by the breath, and then
closed at the extremity; in which state it will save several persons in tme
water.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

119

English Iron-Stone China.
Flint-glass, 1 part; China clay, 20 parts; Cornish stone, 30 parts. Mix
Excellent China Ink.
Finest lamp-black, 75 parts; thick mucilage, 15 parts; strong ink, pale
new, 50 parts; ox gall, 12 parts. Grind them well together, and if too
50ft evaporate a little of the water by a gentle heat; if too thick add more.uk.
Chinese Depilatory.
Fresh-burnt lime, 16 ounces; pearlash, 2 ounces; sulphuret of potash,
2 ounces. Reduce them to fine powder in a mortar, then put it into closelycorked phials. For use, the part must be first soaked in warm water, then
a little of the powder made into a paste must be immediately applied
should it irritate the skin, wash it off with hot water or vinegar.
Chinese Edge for Books.
1. Colour the edge with light liquid blue and dry; then take a sponge
charged with vermilion, and dab on spots according to fancy: next throw
on rice, and finish the edge with dark liquid blue.
2. Colour light blue on different parts of the edge with a sponge; do
the same where there are vacancies with yellow and Brazil red; dry and
dab on a little vermilion in spots; then throw on rice and finish with a
bold sprinkle of dark blue. Burnish.
Chinese Fire.
When the bore of the cases is less than three-quarter inch, take gunpowder, 16 parts; nitre, 8 parts; charcoal, 3 parts; sulphur, 3 parts:
powdered cast-iron borings, 10 parts. Mix.
When more than three-quarter inch bore, take gunpowder, 16 parts:
nitre, 12 parts; charcoal, 3 parts, sulphur, 3 parts; coarse borings, 12'
parts. Mix.
Chinese Marble for Leather Book-Covers, f-c.
Colour the cover of the book dark brown, and when dry, put it into the
cutting-press*with the boards perfectly flat; mix whiting and water of a
thick consistence and throw it on, in spots or streaks, some large and some
small, which must remain till dry. Spot or sprinkle the cover with liquid
blue, and lastly, throw on large spots of liquid red. The colours must be
dry before washing off the whiting.
Chinese Paste.
Bullock's blood, 9 parts; quick-lime, 1 part. Beat to a paste. For
use, beat it to a proper consistence with water.
Chinese Paste for Stars, 0c.
Camphor, 1 part; linseed oil, 1 part; nitre, 4 parts; meal powder, V4
parts; sulphur, 16 parts. Spirit to mix.
Chinese Purging Cups.
These cups are made of red sulphuret of arsenic. Wine left min them
all night becomes purgative by the morning, and is taken as such. A dar
gerous and uncertain medicine.




ï~~120

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS

Ching's Worm Lozenges.
The yellow.-Powdered saffron, I ounce; protochloride of mercury, 12
ounces; sugar,   cwt. Mucilage to mix. Divide the mass into 57 60
lozenges. Dose-one to six going to bed.
The Brown.-Protochloride of mercury, 7 ounces; jalap, 31 pounds.
sugar, 9 pounds. Mucilage to mix. Divide into 6720 lozenges. Doseone to six early the following morning.
Chlorate Matches.
Vermilion, 2 parts; gum, 5 parts; sugar, 8 parts; flowers of sulphur,
10 parts; chlorate of potash, 30 parts. Water to make a paste. Reduce
each separately to fine powder, using the utmost caution, then make the
whole into a paste with water, and dip the tips of the matches into it. For
use, dip the match into strong sulphuric acid.
Chocolate and Cocoa for Icing.
Chocolate, 2 ounces; cream for icing, 2 pints; yolks of 4 eggs. Mix
well ready for icing.
Chocolate Drops.
Powdered chocolate, I ounce; sugar, 1 pound. Mix and follow the plan
for confectionary drops. Cocoa may be used instead of chocolate.
Potato Yeast
Is made of mealy potatoes boiled thoroughly soft; they are then skinned,
and mashed as smooth as possible, when as much hot water shauld be put
on them as will make a mash of the consistency of good beer yeast. Add
to every pound of potatoes two ounces of treacle, and when just warm
stir in for every pound of potatoes two large spoonsful of yeast. Keep it
warm till it has done fermenting, and in twenty-four hours it will be fit for
use. A pound of potatoes will make nearly a quart of yeast, and it is sai.
to be equally as good as brewers' yeast.
Another kind of yeast is made as follows:-Take half a pound of fine
flour, the same quantity of coarse brown sugar, and a quarter of a peck of
bruised malt; boil these over the fire for a quarter of an hour, in half a
gallon of water, then strain the liquor through a sieve into an upright jug,
and when cooled to 80 deg. of heat, add one pint of the artificial Seltzer
water, or, if procurable, Seltzer water itself, or water impregnated with fixed
air-the mixture will soon begin to ferment. It should then be set before
the fire, and when ebullition ceases, the yeast will sink to the bottom. Pour
off the clear liquor, and the yeast will be fit for use.
The Patent Yeast, used extensively by London bakers, is made by taking
half a pound of hops and two pailsful of water; mix and boil till it is reduced to one pailfuhl; strain the decoction into the seasoning tub, and when
sufficiently cool add half a peck of malt. In the meantime, put the hops,
strained off, again into two pailsful of water, and boil till reduced to one,
as before; then strain the liquor, while hot, into the seascning tub. Again
repeat the same process of boiling, and strain offas before. When the liquor
has cooled to about blood-heat, strain off the malt, and add to the liquor
two quarts of yeast from the previous making;-brewers' yeast will not
answer the purpose. This yeast occupies, in making, about eight hours.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

12

Cooling Fever Drink.
Vinegar, 1 pound; honey, 2 pounds; water, 6 pounds. Mix.
Soluble Copaiba.
Balsam of copaiba, 1 part; caustic potash, 2 parts. Dissolve with heat.
This is suitable both for pills or aqueous solution.
Factitious Balsam of Copaiba.
1. Castor oil (pale), 3 gallons; balsam of copaiba, 2 gallons; yellow
resin, 6 pounds; turpentine, 1 pound. Digest with heat in a close vessel
until perfectly mixed.
2. Castor oil, 1 gallon; yellow resin, 4 pounds; Canada balsam, 7
pounds; spirits of turpentine, 1 pound. Mix and dissolve with a gentle
heat, then add oil of juniper, 1 drachm; oil of savine, 1 drachm.
Black Copal Varnish.
Take lamp-black or ivory black in fine powder, and mix it with the
varnish.
Blue Copal Varnish.
Indigo, Prussian blue, blue verditer, or ultra marine. All these substances must be powdered fine. Proceed as before.
Fine Pale Copal Varnish.
Pale African copal, 1 part. Fuse, then add hot pale oil, 2 parts. Boil
until the mixture is stringy, then cool a little and add pale turpentine (spt.),
3 parts. Mix well.
Flaxen Grey Copal Varnish.
Ceruse, which forms the ground of the paste, mixed with a small quantity of Cologne earth, as much English red, or carminated lake, and a
particle of Prussian blue, and colour the varnish therewith.
Green Copal Varnish.
Verdigris, crystallized verdigris, compound green, (a mixture of yellow
anrid blue). The first two require a mixture of white in proper proportions,
fiom a fourth to two-thirds, according to the tint intended to be given. The
white used for this purpose is ceruse, or the white oxide of lead, or Spanish
white. Proceed as before.
Improved Copal Varnish.
Caoutchoucine (white and scentless), strongest alcohol, equal parts
copal in the proportion of two pounds to a gallon. Digest in a close vessel,
without heat, for one week.
Pearl Grey Copal Varnish.
White and black; white and blue; for example, ceruse and lamp-black;
ceruse and indigo: mix them with the varnish, according to the tint required.
Purple Copal Varnish.
Prussian blue Rnd vermilion, or any other blue and red, then proceed as
efore,o




ï~~122

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Red Copal Varnish.
1. Vermilion, red oxide of lead (minium), red ochre, or Prussian red
&c., and proceed as before.
2. Dragon's blood, brick red, or Venetian red, &c., and proceed as be
fore.
Violet Copal Varnish.
Vermilion, blue, white, in proportions as required to colour the varnish
White Copal Varnish.
Copal, 16 parts. Melt, and add linseed oil (hot), 8 parts; spirits of
turpentine, 15 parts; finest white lead to colour.
Yellow Copal Varnish.
Yellow oxide of lead, or Naples and Montpellier, both reduced to impalpable powder. These yellows are hurt by the contact of iron and steel;
in mixing them up, therefore, a horn spatula with a glass mortar and pestle
must be employed. Or, gum gutte, yellow ochre, or Dutch pink, accord
ing to the nature and tone of the colour to be imitated, and proceed as be
fore.
Bean-shot Copper.
Take copper, melt it, and pour it in a small stream into boiling water.
Feather-shot Copper.
Take copper, melt it, and pour it in a small stream into cold water.
Copying Ink.
Add one ounce of moist sugar to every pint of common ink.
Copying Paper.
Lay open your quire of paper, (clean white, of large size), take the
brush and cover it with the following varnish, then hang it up on the line;
take another sheet and repeat the operation, until you have finished you!
quantity. If not clear enough, give each sheet another coat when dry:Canada balsam, turpentine, equal parts. Mix.
Artificial Coral.
Yellow resin, 4 parts; vermilion, 1 part. Melt. This gives a very
pretty effect to glass, twigs, cinders, stones, &c., dipped into it. It is also
useful for a cement for ladies' fancy work, such as grottoes, &c.
Coral Tooth Powder.
Bole, 1 pound; prepared chalk, 2 pounds; cassia, 3 ounces. Mix and
powder fine, then sift through gauze.
Real Coral Tooth Powder.
Coral (red), 1 ounce; chalk, 2 ounces; bole, 1J ounce; cassia, I drachms.
Powder fine, and sift through gauze.
To represent Cordage in Fireworks.
Antimony, 1 part; juniper resin, 1 part; nitre, 2 parts; oulphur. I!
-arts. Mix, and imbue soft ropes with the composition.
*




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

123

To Distil Cordials or Compound Spirits.
The perfection of this grand branch of distillery depends upon the ohser.
vation of the following general rules, which are easy to be observed and
practised: 1. The artist must always be careful to use a well-cleansed
spirit, or one freed from its own essential oil. For as a compound cordial
is nothing more than a spirit impregnated with the essential oil of the ingredients, it is necessary that the spirit should have deposited its own. 2.
Let the time of previous digestion be proportioned to the tenacity of the
ingredients, or the ponderosity of their oil. 3. Let the strength of the fire
be proportioned to the ponderosity of the oil intended to be raised with theo
spirit. 4. Let a due proportion of the finest parts of the essential oil be
united with the spirit; the grosser and less fragrant parts of the oil not
giving the spirit so agreeable a flavour, and at the same time rendering it
thick and unsightly. This may in a great measure be effected by leaving
out the feints, and making up to proof with fine soft water in their stead.
A careful observation of these four rules will render this extensive part
of distillation far more perfect than it is at present. Nor will there be any
occasion for the use of burnt alum, white of eggs, isinglass, &c., to fine
down the cordial waters, for they will presently be fine, sweet and pleasant.
It must be observed, however, that most cordials may be made without
distillation, though not of such fine quality.
Coriander Cordial.
Coriander seeds (bruised), 7 pounds; proof spirit, 30 gallons; orangepeel (dried), 5 ounces; cloves and caraways, 1 ounce. Macerate for a
week, then add sugar, 85 pounds; dissolved in water, 40 gallons. Mix
and fine.
Paste resembling the Red Cornelian.
Plain paste, 1000 parts; glass of antimony, 500 parts; calcined vitriol,
63 parts or less; manganese, 4 parts. Melt together.
Paste resembling the White Cornelian.
Plain paste, 1000 parts; yellow ochre, 8 parts; calcined bones, 31 parts.
As before.
Cornette's Purified Opium.
Extract of opium, and dissolve it in three times its weight of water, then
strain and evaporate.
Corn Plaster.
1. Bees'-wax, 1 pound; resin, 4 ounces; Venice turpentine, 8 ounces
ulphate of copper, 8 ounces; arsenic, 1 ounce. Mix with heat.
2. Yellow wax, 1 pound; Burgundy pitch, 6 ounces; turpentine, 4
unces; powdered verdigris, 2 ounces. Mix, with heat, then spread the.omposition on linen or leather, and polish the surface. Cut it into small,ieces.
Sir H. Davy's Corn Solvent.
Potash, 2 parts; salt sorrel, 1 part. Mix in fine powder. Lay a small
quantity on the corn for four or five successive nights, binding it on with
-ags




ï~~24

PRACTICAL RaUEIP 1s.

Corn Solvent.
Pearlash (dried),'l part; water, 2 parts. Mix. Apply with a rag.
Simple and Elegant Cosmetic.
Take half a pound of soft soap, melt over a slow fire with a gill of sweet
oil, add two or three table-spoonfuls of fine sand, and stir the mixture together until cool. The shelly sea-sand, sifted from the shells, has been found
better than that which has no shells.
This simple cosmetic has, for several years past, been used by many
ladies who are remarkable for the delicate softness and whiteness of their
hands, which they, in a great measure, attribute to the use of it; though
they add, that they have found common soap, used in the ordinary way,
with the addition of the abovementioned sand at the moment of washing,
to answer the same purpose.
The cheapness of the above cosmetic forms a strong recommendation
of it.
To allay the Itching produced by Cowhage.
Wash the part with a solution of sulphate of iron, or warm oil.
Cough Mixture.
1. Almond milk, 96 parts; syrup of tolu, 16 parts; sal volatile, 1 part;
ipecacuanha wine, 2 parts. Mix, and take two table-spoonfuls three times
a day.
2. Paregoric, 2 parts; syrup of tolu, 1 part; ipecacuanha wine, 1 part;
almond milk, 12 parts. Mix, and take a table-spoonful three or four times
a day.
3. Paregoric, 1 ounce; syrup of squills, 2 ounces; antimonial wine, 4
drachms; water, 6 ounces. Mix. Dose, two tea-spoonfuls every half
hour, until the cough abates.
Court Plaster.
1. Balsam of benzoin, 1 part; alcohol, 12 parts. Mix, then isinglass, 2
parts; water barely to dissolve. Strain the two solutions separately, then
mix them. For use, place the bottle in warm water, and give the silk,
*        pieviously strained, ten or twelve coats with a brush'; when dry, give it a
coat of the following; Chia turpentine, 1 part; tincture of benzoin, 2
parts. Mix.
2. Thick mucilage, 8 ounces; thick syrup, 1 ounce; tincture of benzoin, 1 ounce. Mix. Apply as before.
3. Isinglass, 4 ounces; water, 3 ounces. Dissolve, then add tincture
of benzoin, 1 ounce. Apply warm.
4. Isinglass, 1 ounce; gum arabic, 4 ounces; water, 6 ounces. Dissolve,
then add balsam of Peru, 2 drachms. Apply warm.
5. Isinglass, 1 ounce; water, 4 ounces. Dissolve, and add alcohol, 8
ounces; tincture of benzoin, 2 ounces. Give the silk, previously strained,
four or five coats with this varnish; and, when thoroughly dry, two coats
of the following to finish: Chia turpentine, 4 ounces; tincture of benzoin
6 ounces. Mix.
6. Spread e;ther of the compositions on goldbeater's skin instead of silk.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

12

Cough Lozenges.
Laudanum, 1 ounce; balsam of tolu, 1  ounce; liquorice, 31 ounces,
ipecacuanha powder, 2 ounces; oil of aniseed, J ounce; starch, 1 pound;
sugar, 3 pounds; mucilage to mix.
Cough Pills.
Compound squill pill, 16 parts; opium, 2 parts; tartar emetic, 1 part.
Mix, and divide into three-grain pills, and take one twice a day.
Cowslip Mead.
Mead wine, 3 parts; cowslip wine, 2 parts; lemon wine, 1 part. Mix
and fine.
Cowslip Perfume.
Oil of lavender, 1 part; oil of caraway, 2 parts; essence of lemon, 4
parts; essence of bergamot, 8 parts. Mix.
Cowslip Red Wine.
Cowslip white wine, 30 gallons; red beet sliced, 3 pounds; red tartar,
S ounces; cloves and cassia, each, ' ounce. Let them stand together for
(ourteen days, then rummage well, and add one pint of filings.
Cowslip White Wine.
Water, 18 gallons; Malaga raisins, 36 pounds; cowslip flowers, 16
7ounds. Boil gently, then ferment and add white tartar, 3 ounces; spirit,
3 quarts or a gallon.
To Choose Crabs.
The heaviest are the best, and those of the middle size sweetest; the
joints of the legs should be stiff, eyes lively, and the body possess a very
agreeable smell.
Crayons.
1. Shell lac, 6 parts; spirit, 4 parts; turpentine, 2 parts; colour, 12
parts; pale clay, 12 parts. Mix.
2. Pipe-clay, colour as required, water to mix. Form into a stiff paste
and roll it into crayons.
To Fix Crayon Colours.
Paste your paper on canvass, in a frame, in the usual way, then brush
over the back two or three times with the following mixture, and when the
last coat is dry give the face of the picture one or two coats in the same
way. This will make it resemble an oil painting. Spirits of turpentine,
10 parts; boiled oil, 6 parts. Mix.
Species for Crayons.
Pipe-clay, alabaster, equal quantities. Mix with water. Any colour
may be added as required.
Cream Balls.
White hard soap, 6 pounds; starch, 1 pound. Form into balls with
water and roll them in powdered starch.
11




ï~~126

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

A Substitute for Cream.
Take two or three eggs, break them into a basin and beat them well
hen add half a pint of good milk (hot), and beat them again until quite
smooth. If milk cannot be procured, water may be used instead.
Cream for Ices.
White sugar, 2j ounces; yolks of two eggs; new milk (warm), 1 pint
Rub together, strain and keep for use.
Cream for the Hair.
Lard, 2 parts; oil of almonds, 1 part. Melt and scent with jessamino
or bergamot.
Cream of Roses.
Oil of almonds. I pound; rosewater, 1 pint; white wax and spermaceti,
each, 1 ounce. Mix in a pipkin with a little heat, then add essence of
ieroli, 20 drops; ottar of roses, 15 drops. Put it into pots and tie it over
with skin or oiled leather.
Crime de Macarons.
Sugar, 7 pounds; proof spirit, 8 pounds; water, 10 pounds; white
sugar, 8 pounds; blanched bitter almonds (bruised), J ounce; powdered
cloves, 50 grains; powdered cinnamon, 50 grains; powdered mace, 50
grains. Tinge to a violet with tincture of turnsole and cochineal. Macerate for ten days and filter.
Crime de Noyeau de Martinique.
Sugar, 100 pounds; spirit, 15 gallons; orange flower water, j gallon;
bitter almonds (bruised), 3 pounds; essence of lemon, I ounce; water, 25
gallons. Macerate the almonds and essence in the spirit for fourteen days,
then add the sugar, previously dissolved in the water; let them stand to.
gether for one month, then strain.
Crime des Barbades.
Two dozen lemons, sliced; six large citrons, sliced; fresh balm leaves,
Spound or less; loaf-sugar, 30 pounds; proof spirit, 3 gallons; water, 4
gallons. Put the fruit into the spirit and macerate for four days, then pour
the water on the balm leaves, steep for half an hour and strain the liquor
on the sugar; lastly, add the spirit.
Cr me d'Orange.
Six dozen of oranges (sliced), orange flower water, t gallon; spirit, 4
gallons; saffron, I ounce. Macerate for fourteen days, then add sugar, 40
pounds; dissolved in water, 10 gallons.
To remove Crickets.
Put a little chloride of lime and powdered tobacco in their holes.
Crimson Flame.
Take alcohol, any quantity, and dissolve a little of one of the salts of
strontia in it.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

127

Croton Pills for Costiveness.
Castile soap, 1 drachm; croton oil, 20 drops; pil. rhei, J drachm. Mix
and divide into 30 pills. Dose, one pill; if this should prove insufficient,
two may be taken the next time.
Croton Soap.
Croton oil, 2 parts; water of caustic potass, 1 part. Rub together in a
mortar. Purgative. Dose, one to three grains.
Crown Glass.
Arsenic, 1 part; borax, 2 parts; nitre, 30 parts; pearlash, 60 parts;
white sand, 100 parts; broken glass, 300 parts; lime, 60 parts. Mix.
Crystal Glass.
Manganese, 1 part; nitre, 60 parts; pearlashes, 125 parts; red lead,
150 parts; fine white sand, 375 parts. Mix.
Crystal Powder.
Take quartz, heat it red-hot, and throw it into cold water, then dry and
pound it in an agate mortar.
Crystal Varnish.
Pure Canada balsam, pale spirits of turpentine, equal parts. Put them
into a close strong vessel, and apply a gentle hand-heat, with agitation,
then all'.ow the vessel to rest for two or three days and pour off the clear.
To Pickle Cucumbers.
Trim and wash them in salt and water, drain, and put them into the
bottles, add a little mace, cloves, capsicum and mustard-seed, then cover
them with white vinegar nearly boiling hot; cork immediately.
To Preserve Cucumbers, 4-c.
Trim, wash, and dry them, then serve them as fruit, which see.
Culinary Pepper.
Cassia, 1 pound; pimento, 1 pound; ginger, 1 pound; nutmegs, 1
pound; common salt, 6 pounds; cloves,   ounce; mace, J ounce; cayenne, - ounce. Grind and sift.
Cumin Plaster.
Burgundy pitch, 32 parts; cumin seeds, 2 parts; caraway, 2 parts
berries of the bay tree, 2 parts; sweet oil, I part; water, 1 part. Mix
Discutient.
Cumin WVater.
Cumin seeds, 7 pounds; water, 12 gallons. Distil off nine or ten
gallons.
Rob of Currants.
Take the juice, and evaporate it slowly to a proper consistence. Sonime
persons add sugar.
Currant Vinegar.
This is made in the same way as that from gooseberries, only pick off
the currants from the stalks.




ï~~128

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Curagoa.
1. Cinnamon, 2 ounces; brandy or spirit, 3 quarts; white sugar, 2J
pounds; Seville oranges, 2 dozen. Digest for three weeks.
2. Proof spirit, 10 pounds; water, 5 pounds; sugar, 4 pounds; peels
of six Seville oranges; powdered cassia, 2 scruples; powdered mace 2
scruples; ground Brazil, 1 ounce; burnt sugar to complete the tint. Macerate for ten days and strain.
3. Five gallons of highly rectified spirits, four pounds of fresh orangepeel, one drachm of the oil of bitter almonds, one drachm of the oil of
cassia (first killed in spirits of wine), two ounces of pulverized Brazil
wood, and two quarts of syrup; let them be well stirred up every day fox
a fortnight, then add one gallon of water, and colour it with caramel; let
it stand to brighten; and if not quite bright, pass it through a filteringbag.
Currant Wine (French Method).
Water, 30 gallons; honey, 2 gallons; red currants (bruised), 10 pounds
sugar, 15 pounds; red tartar, 2 ounces. Mix, and allow it to ferment, then
rack it into a clean cask. If it does not appear disposed to ferment, add a
littlo yeast.
Currie Powder.
I Coriander seeds, 20 parts; black pepper, 3 parts; cayenne, 1 part;
turmeric, 6 parts; cumin seeds, 6 parts. Reduce to powder and well mix.
2. Corianders, 7 pounds; turmeric, 7 pounds; black pepper, 2 pounds;
mustard, 2 pounds; ginger, 2 pounds; cardamons, 1 pound; cayenne,
9 ounces; cassia, 9 ounces; cumin seeds, 9 ounces. Mix.
Cyanide of Silver.
Nitrate of silver, 18 drachms; dilute hydrocyanic acid, 1 pint; distilled
water, 1 pint. Dissolve the nitrate in the water, then add the acid; wash
the precipitate and dry.
British Cyprus Wine.
Soft water, 50 gallons; elder juice, 50 gallons; raw sugar, 120 pounds;
cloves (bruised), J ounce; ginger, 1 ounce. Boil and ferment, then rack
it into a cask with three gallons of spirit, three pounds of raisins (bruised),
and one quart of finings. Observe not to crack the stones in the berries
in squeezing out the juice.
Dafy's Elixir.
1. Small senna (waste), 3 parts; bruised jalap, 1 part; bruised rhubarb,
I part; coriander seed, 1 part; ginger, 1 part; treacle, 12 parts; proof
spirit (common), 96 parts. Digest with moderate heat.
2. Waste senna, 4 cwt.; common rhubarb, 4 cwt.; common jalap, 14
pounds; caraways, 14 pounds; aniseed, 14 pounds; treacle, a cwt.; red
sanders, 7 pounds; spirit from tincture bottoms, 140 gallons. Reduce the
hubarb, &c., to coarse powder and digest for twenty-one days.
Currie Vinegar.
Currie powder, 5 ounces; vinegar, 1 gallon. Intuse for a week and:train.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS

129

Currie Wine.
Currie powder, 5 ounces; white wine, 1 gallon. Digest for one week
and strain.
Dalby's Carminative.
1. Magnesia, 2 drachms; oil of peppermint, 3 drops; oil of nutmeg, 7
drops; oil of aniseed, 9 drops; tincture of castor, 1I drachm; tincture of
assafcetida, 45 drops; tincture of opium, 18 drops; tincture of (ess.) penny.
royal, 50 drops; tincture of cardamons (comp.), 95 drops; peppermint
water, 7 ounces. Mix.
2. Laudanum, 2 drachms; oil of peppermint, 1 drachm; oil of caraway,
2 drachms; proof-spirit, 6 ounces; carbonate of magnesia, 12 ounces *
syrup of poppies, 36 ounces; fetid spirit of ammonia, 3 ounces; distilled
water, 5 pints. Mix.
3. Magnesia, 40 grains; oil of peppermint, 1 drop; oil of nutmeg, 2
drops; oil of aniseed, 3 drops; tincture of castor, 30 drops; tincture of
assafaetida, 15 drops; tincture of opium, 5 drops; spirits of pennyroyal, 15
drops; compound tincture of cardamons, 30 drops; peppermint water, 2
ounces. Mix.
To preserve Walls from Dampness.
When the walls are about two feet high, use for one row of stones or
bricks, a mixture of tar, pitch, and fine sand, in the same way as mortar.
The composition must be previously melted to a proper consistence.
Damson Wine.
Water, 12 gallons; damsons (bruised), 8 gallons; raw sugar, 30 pounds.
Ferment, then add red tartar (dissolved), 6 ounces; cloves (bruised),
ounce. Let it stand until fine, then bottle it.
Dandelion Cofee.
Good colonial coffee, 3 parts; hard extract of dandelion, 1 part; chicory,
I part. Reduce them to coarse powder, and mix and grind them together.
Dawson's Lozenges.
Powdered lump-sugar, 26 parts; powdered gum arabic, 2 parts; Italian
juice, 1 part; starch, 3 parts. Mix, with warm water, and form into
lozenges.
The Delight of the Mandarins.
Proof-spirit, 1 gallon; water, 1 gallon; lump-sugar, 6 pounds; anisum
chime, j ounce; ambrette,   ounce; safflower, - ounce. Mix, and let
them remain together for one week, occasionally shaking the mixture, then
filter or decant the clear.
Darby's Oil.
Oil of amber, 1 part; balsam of sulphur, 1 part; Barbadoes tar, 1 part.
Mix, with heat.
Huxhamrn's Tincture of Bark.
Peruvian bark, 1 pound; orange-peel, J pound; snake-root, 2 ounces,
saffron, 6 drachms; cochineal, 2 drachms; alcohol, 6 pints; water, 6
pints, Macerate for fifteen days.




ï~~130

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Delphine.
Make a paste with blanched staveacre seeds and water, add more watei
and boil, strain and add calcined magnesia, boil for a few minutes, strair.
and wash the sediment with water; then digest it in alcohol, decant the
tincture and distil off the spirit. The white pulverulent residue is the
Delphine.
Hydrated Peroxyde of Iron, (an antidote for Arsenic.)
Sulphate of iron, 1000 parts; sulphuric acid (sp. g. 1.847), 200 parts;
water, 4000 parts; nitric acid, q. s. Dissolve the sulphate in the water,
add the sulphuric acid and heat the mixture to ebullition; then add the
nitric acid, until all effervescence has ceased, and red fumes are no longer
produced on the addition of more acid; let it cool, and add twenty or
thirty times its weight of water; then precipitate the iron by adding ammonia in excess; wash the gelatinous precipitate until the water ceases to
render barytes water turbid; dry and preserve it in the gelatinous state.
Tincture of Hydriodate of Potash.
Hydriodate of potash, 6 grains; distilled water, 6 drachms; proof-spirit,
2 drachms. Dose, forty drops, two or three times a day.
Hydrochlorate of Morphia.
Opium (cut small), 1 pound; crystallized chloride of lead, 2 ounces;
animal charcoal, 4 ounces; hydrochloric acid and ammonia, a sufficient
quantity. Macerate the opium in three pints of distilled water for twelve
hours, then pound it and macerate with agitation for twelve hours more,
hen strain, and pour one pint of fresh water on the remainder, and repeat
the operation with a second and third pint, or until the water becomes
tasteless. Mix the several liquors and evaporate to the consistence of a
syrup, then add three pints of distilled water, and filter; to this add gradually the chloride of lead, previously dissolved in two quarts of boiling
water, until it produces no further precipitation. Pour off the liquor and
wash the residue in distilled water; mix the liquids together, evaporate
and crystallize. Wipe the crystals with a cloth, then dissolve them in a
pint of warm distilled water, with two ounces of the charcoal, filter, evaporate with a gentle heat, and set it aside to crystallize. Precipitate the
remainder of the morphia left in the liquor with the ammonia, wash the
precipitate, then add sufficient hydrochloric acid to saturate. Digest with
the remainder of the charcoal, and proceed as before.
Hydrogen Gas.
Iron or zinc filings, 1 ounce; water, 5 pints; oil of vitriol, 2 ounces.
Mix, and collect the gas.
Vegetable Hygrometer.
The dried calyx of the prickly carline thistle; in dry weather it expands
itself horizontally; in wet weather it will remain closed.
Jackson's Itch Ointment.
Lard, sulphur vivum, palm oil, white hellebore, equal parts. Mix.




ï~~FP.ACTICAL  RECEIPTS.

131

James's Powder.
Powdered antimony, 1 part; hartshorn shavings, 2 parts. Mix, and
roast them in an iron pot until they become a greyish powder, then put it
into a crucible with a small hole in the lid, and keep it in a red heat for
two hours; lastly, cool and powder.
Japan Colouring, for Leather Book-Covers, (cc.
After the book is covered and dry, colour the cover with potash-water
mixed with a little paste, give it two good coats of Brazil wash, and glaire
it. Put the book between wands, allowing the boards to slope a little
Dash on copperas-water, then with a sponge full of red liquid, press out on
the back and on different parts, large drops, which will run down each
board and make a fine shaded red. When the cover is dry, wash it over
two or three times with Brazil wash, to give it a brighter colour.
Japanese Cement, or Rice Glue.
Rice flour, water, sufficient quantity. Mix together cold, then bring the
mixture to a boil, stirring it all the time. Observe to boil it in a vessel that
will not colour it.
Transparent Liquid Japan for Metal.
Copal varnish, 35 parts; camphor, 1 part; boiled oil, 2 parts. Mix.
Japanner's Copal Varnish.
Copal (picked), 5 pounds; linseed oil, 20 ounces. Melt and digest until
dissolved, then withdraw it from the fire and add oil of turpentine, 6
pounds. Well mix.
Japanner's Gold Size.
Gum ammoniac, 1 pound; boiled oil, 8 ounces; spirits of turpentine,
12 ounces. Melt the gum, then add the oil, and lastly the spirits of turpentine.
Oil of Jasmin.
Take an iron plate, on this place a cotton cloth imbued with olive oil,
then a layer of flowers, then a cloth, and lastly an iron plate; repeat the
series as convenient, and change the flowers for fresh ones until a proper
scent is imparted; then apply pressure, collect the oil in glass bottles, and
let i: rest until fine; lastly, pour off the clear.
Jasmin Pommade. (French Method.)
Take a frame formed of four pieces of wood, two inches deep and one
foot square, with a groove arranged to support a piece of glass, which is to
form a moveable bottom, on this spread a layer of the following pommade
Beef suet, 1 part; lard, 3 parts. Into this stick fresh jasmin flowers, ir.
different parts every day, or every other day, for one, two, or three months,
or until the pommade is sufficiently scented. In this way, in some of the
large manufactories in France, are treated from 2000 to 5000 frames,
which are piled on each other to a convenient height, by which method
the perfume is prevented escaping, or what flies off is absorbed by tbe sur
rounding frames.




ï~~18 34

rRACTICAL RECE1PTS.

Ice Cream.
Any preserved fruit, 5 pounds; cream, 1 gallon; juice of six lemons,
sugar to sweeten. Pass the whole through a sieve, then put it into the
freezing pot, and work it until frozen.
Portable Ice House.
Two casks, one six or seven inches longer and wider than the other,
into the largest put charcoal powder, about three or four inches deep, then
place the smaller cask on this, and fill up the vacancy between the two
with charcoal powder, and drive it down tight; arrange a double cover and
fill it in the same way; then bore a hole one inch in diameter through the
bottoms of the two casks, and insert a wooden pipe to let the water run
out; lastly, put it in the coldest place possible.
To Improve the Flavour of Iceland Moss.
Soak the moss in water for a few hours.
To Procure Ico.
Nearly fill a gallon stone bottle with hot spring water (leaving room for
about a pint), and put in two ounces of refined nitre; the bottle must then
be stopped very close, and let down into a deep well. After three or four
hours it will be completely frozen; but the bottle must be broken to procure the ice. If the bottle is moved up and down, so as to be sometimes
in and sometimes out of the water, the conseqg ent evaporation will hasten
the process.
Incombustible Cloth.
1. Sal ammonia, I part; water, 4 parts. Dissolve and impregnate the
cloth with the solution.
2. Alum, 1 part; water, 7 parts. Dissolve. As above.
Composition for Jet Fires.
Gunpowder, 16 parts; charcoal, 3 parts. Or, if larger than three-quarters of an inch bore, gunpowder, 16 parts; steel filings, 4 parts. Mix.
Jews' Lozenges.
Cassia in fine powder, 3 parts; myrrh, 2 parts; saffron, 2 parts; cala
mus aromaticus, 8 parts; sugar, 100 parts; honey to mix.
Imperial, or Ginger Pop.
1. Cream of tartar, 1 pound; ginger, 1J ounce; white sugar, 7 pounds;
essence of lemon, I drachm; water, 6 gallons; yeast, J pint. Mix. Tie
the corks down.
2. Cream of tartar, 11 ounce; sliced ginger, 1 ounce; white sugar, 19
ounces; oranges sliced, 3 in number; boiling water, 1 gallon. Digest
until cold, then pour off the clear and add a little yeast; lastly, bottle it.
Impermeable Varnish.
Boiled oil, 100 parts; finely powdered litharge, 6 parts; genuine bees'wax, 5 parts. Boil until sufficiently thick and stringy, then pour off the
clear




ï~~PRACTICAL  RECEIPTS.

133

Paste resembling the Chrysolite.
Plain paste, without the saltpetre, 200 parts; calcined iron, 1 part.
Cider.
After the apples are gathered from the trees, they are ground into what
is called pommage, either by means of a common pressing stone, with a
circular trough, or by a cider mill, which is either driven by the hand or
by horse-power. When the pulp is thus reduced to a great degree of fineness, it is conveyed to the cider-press, where it is formed by pressure into a
kind of cake, which is called the cheese.
This is effected by placing clear sweet straw, or hair cloths, between the
layers of pommage, till there is a pile of ten or twelve layers. This pile
is then subjected to different degrees of pressure in succession, till all the
must or juice is squeezed from  the pommage. This juice, after being
strained in a coarse hair-sieve, is then put either into open vats or close
casks, and the pressed pulp is either thrown away, or made to yield a weak
liquor called washings.
After the liquor has undergone the proper fermentation in these close
vessels, which may be best effected in a temperature of from forty to sixty
degrees of Fahrenheit, and which may be known by its appearing tolerably clear, and having a vinous sharpness upon the tongue, any farther fermentation must be stopped by racking off the pure part into open vessels,
exposed for a day or two in a cool situation. After this the liquor must
again be put into casks and kept in a cool place dur;ig winter. The proper time for racking may always be known by the brightness of the liquor,
the discharge of the fixed air, and the appearance of a thick crust formed
of fragments of the reduced pulp. The liquor should always be racked
off anew, as often as a hissing noise is heard, or as it extinguishes a candle held to the bung-hole.
When a favourable vinous fermentation has been obtained, nothing more
is required than to fill up the vessels every two or three weeks, to supply
the waste by fermentation. By the begiming of March the liquor will
be bright and pure, and fit for final racking, which should be done in fair
weather. When the bottles are filled, they should be set by uncorked till
morning, when the corks must be driven in tightly, secured by wire or
twine and melted rosin, or any similar substance.
Devonshire Cider.-Prefer the bitter-sweet apples, mixed with mild sour,
in the proportion of one-third. Gather them when ripe, and lay them in
heaps in the orchard. Then take them to the crushing-engine, made of
iron-rollers at top and stone beneath; after passing through which, they
are received into large tubs or cives, and are then called pommage. They
are afterwards laid on the vat in alternate layers of the pommage and clean
straw, called reeds. They are then pressed, the juice running through a
hair sieve. After the cider is pressed out, it is put into hogsheads, where
it remains for two or three days previously to fermenting. To stop the
fermentation, it is drawn off into a clean vessel, but if the fermentation
be very strong, two or three cans of cider are put into a clean vessel, and
a match of brimstone burnt in it: it is then agitated, by which the fermentation of that quantity is completely stopped. The vessel is then Learly
filled, the fermentation of the whole is checked, and the cider becomes fine:
12




ï~~t34

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

out if, on the first operation, the fermentation is not checked, it is repeated
till it is so, and continued from time to time till the cider is in a quiet state
for drinking.
Some persons, instead of deadening a small quantity with a match, as
above directed, put from one to two pints of an article called sttm (bought
of the wine coopers) into each hogshead: but the system of racking as
often as the fermentation appears is generally preferred by the cider manufacturers of Devonshire.
About six sacks, or twenty-four bushels of apples, are used for a hogs.
head of sixty-three gallons. During the process, if the weather is warm,
it will be necessary to carry it on in the shade, in the open air, and by
every means keep it as cool as possible.
In nine months it will be in condition for bottling or drinking; if it
continues thick, use some isinglass finings, and if at any time it ferments
and threatens acidity, the cure is to rack it and leave the head and sediment.
Scoltch method.-The apples are reduced to mucilage, by beating them
in a stone trough (one of those used at pumps for watering horses) with
pieces of ashpoles, used in the manner that potatoes are mashed. The
press consists of a strong box, three feet square and twenty inches deep,
perforated on each side with small auger or gimblet holes. It is placed on
a frame of wood, projecting three inches beyond the base of the box. A
groove is cut in this projection one inch and a half wide, and one inch
deep, to convey the juice when pressed out of the box into a receiving
pail. This operation is performed in the following manner. The box i
filled alternately with strata of fresh straw and mashed fruit, in the proportion of one inch of straw to two inches of mucilage: these are piled up a
foot higher than the top of the box; and care is taken in packing the box
itself, to keep the fruit and strw about one inch from the sides of the box
which allows the juice to escape freely. A considerable quantity of the
liquor will run off without any pressure. This must be applied gradually
at first, and increased regularly towtrds the conclusion. A box of the
above dimensions will require about two tons weight to render the residuum
completely free from juice. [The residuum is excellent food for pigs, and
peculiarly acceptable to them.]
The necessary pressure is obtained very easily, and in a powerful man.
ner, by the compound lever pressing upon a lid or sink made of wood about
two inches thick, and rendered sufficiently strong by two cross-bars. It is
made to fit the opening of the box exactly; and as the levers force the lid
down, they are occasionally slacked or taken off, and blocks of wood are
placed on the top of the lid, to permit the lever to act, even after the lid
has entered the box itself. Additional blocks are repeated, until the whole
juice is extracted. The pressure may be increased more or less, by adding
or diminishing the weight suspended at the extremity of the lever.
The liquor thus obtained is allowed to stand undisturbed twelve hours,
in open vessels, to deposit sediment. The pure juice is then put into clean
casks, and placed in a proper situation to ferment, the temperature being
from fifty-five to sixty degrees.
Cinnamon Drops.
For confectionary drops, and flavour with oil of cassia.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

135

Champagne Cider.
Good cider, pale, 1 hogshead; spirit, 3 gallons; honey or sugar, 20
pounds. Mix, and let them rest for a fortnight, then fine with skimmed
milk, J gallon. This will be very pale; and a similar article, when bottled in champagne bottles, and silvered and labelled, has been often sold to
4the ignorant for champagne. It opens very brisk if managed properly.
Cheap-made Cider.
Cider, good, 1 hogshead; water, I hogshead; treacle, 50 pounds; alum,
dissolved, I pound. Match with brimstone.
General Rules for making Cider.
1. Always choose perfectly ripe and sound fruit.
2. Pick the apples by hand. (An active boy with the bag slung over
his shoulder, will soon clear a tree. Apples that have lain any time on
the soil, contract an earthy taste, which will always be found in the cider.)
3. After sweating, and before being ground, wipe them dry, and if any
are found bruised or rotten, put them in a heap by themselves, for an inferior cider to make vinegar.
4. Always use hair cloths, instead of straw, to place between the layers
of pommage. The straw, when heated, gives a disagreeable taste to the
cider.
5. As the cider runs from the press, let it pass through a hair-sieve into
a large open vessel, that will hold as much juice as can be expressed in
one day. In a day, or sometimes less, the pumice will rise to the top, and
in a short time grow very thick: when little white bubbles break through
it, draw off the liquor by a spigot, placed about three inches from the bottom, so that the lees may be left quietly behind.
6. The cider must be drawn off into very clean, sweet casks, and closely
watched. The moment the white bubbles before mentioned are perceived
rising at the bung-hole, rack it again. When the fermentation is completely at an end, fill up the cask with cider, in all respects like that already
contained in it, and bung it up tight; previous to which a tumbler of sweet
oil may be poured into the bung-hole.
Cider Red Wine.
Cider, 16 gallons; honey, 27 pounds; tartar, red, 8 ounces; raw sugar,
3 poundl; sliced red-beet, 6 pounds. Boil, ferment, then add cassia,.
ounce, ginger, I ounce; spirit, 5 quarts.
To improve Cider.
Cider, 1 hogshead; rum, weak flavoured, 2 gallons; alum, dissolved, I
pound; honey, or coarse sugar, 15 pounds; sugar colouring sufficient;
bitter almonds, 4 pound; cloves, J pound. Mix, and after three or four
days fine it down with isinglass. For champagne cider omit the colouring, and fine it with two quarts of milk: this will render it very pale.
Cider White Wine.
Cider, 100 gallons; honey, 80 pounds; sugar, 20 pounds. Mix and
frment, then add spirit, 6 gallons; white tartar, l1 pounds; bitter almonds.
ruised. I ou nce.




ï~~L36

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Cider Vinegar.
The poorest sort of cider will serve for vinegar, in managing which pro.
teed thus: First draw off the cider into a cask that has had vinegar in it
before; then put some of the apples that have been pressed into it, set the
whole in the sun, and in a week or nine days it may be drawn off into
another cask. This is a good table vinegar.
Cinchonine.
Peruvian bark, alcohol sufficient quantity. Boil in a close vessel until
all the bitterness is extracted, then distil off the spirit; dissolve the resi.
due in boiling water rendered acidulous with hydrochloric acid, add cal.
cined magnesia, and boil until the liquor becomes clear; cool, filter, and
wash the precipitate with cold water, dry and expose it to the action of
boiling alcohol until all the bitterness is extracted; pour off the spirit, evap.
orate a little, and allow it to cool: the cinchonine will be produced in
crystals. It may be purified by solution in any weak acid, and precipita
tion by adding an alkali.
Cinnamon Cordial.
Oil of cassia, 1 ounce; essence of lemon, 30 drops (or more); spirit,
15 gallons; sugar, 50 pounds; water, 10 gallons. Mix the spirit with
the oil and essence, then add the sugar dissolved in the water, and filter.
Cinnamon Lozenges.
Finely-powdered cinnamon, 2 pound; finely-powdered sugar, 4 pounds
finely-powdered starch, 1 pound. Mix with mucilage.
Cinnamon Lozenges. (Second Quality.)
Lump-sugar, 7 pounds; starch, 2 pounds; gum powder, 1 pound; oil
of cassia to flavour. Mix with water, in which a little cochineal has been
steeped, to impart a faint colour.
Cinnamon Soap. (First Quality.)
Palm oil soap, 2 parts; good tallow soap, 3 parts. Reduce to shavings,
then liquefy by adding a little water, and placing the mixture in a waterbath until perfectly united; next cool to about 1350 Fahr., and add finelypowdered yellow ochre to colour, and a sufficiency of the following per.
fume: Essence of cinnamon, 7 parts; essence of bergamot, 2 parts; essence of sassafras, 1 part. Well mix the whole together and mould.
Cinnamon Soap. (Second Quality.)
New white hard soap, palm soap, equal parts. Perfiume with oil of cas.
sia, and colour as before.
Cinnamon Water.
Cinnamon, 11 pounds; water, 17 gallons. Draw off 15 gallons. Cas
sia water is usually sold for this article.
Lozenges of Citrate of Iron.
Powdered gum acacia, 20 parts; fine sugar, 640 parts; essence oi
lemon,   part; citric acid, 40 parts; citrate of iron, 40 parts. Water
to mix. Divide into ten-grain lozenges, five or six to be taken every day
cor gout.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

137

Donovan's Mercurial Ointment., Take genuine strong mercurial ointment and heat it in a water bath
for one hour, let it cool, then remove the grey upper stratum. The mercury
in the heavy residuum may be recovered by heat, or used in making blue
ointment.
2. Protoxide of mercury, 1 pound; lard (purified), 16 pounds; suet, 4
pounds. Mix, and keep them in a heat of 3250 Fahr. for two hours, constantly stirring them. The lard and suet must be perfectly pure, as the
presence of salt would decompose a part of the oxide, and produce a portion
of protochloride of mercury or calomel. This preparation is more powerful
than the strong mercurial ointment.
To prevent the creaking of Doors.
1. Apply a little soap to the hinges.
Take lard, soap, black lead, equal parts. As before.
Dorchester Ale.
Pale malt, 1 quarter; amber malt, 2 quarters; hops, 19 pounds. Mash
for the first liquor at 1700 Fahr.; second liquor, 1800 Fahr.; boil for thirty
minutes. Use water sufficient to produce two barrels per quarter.
Factitious Dragon's Blood.
1. Red sanders, 7 parts; yellow resin, 9 parts; castor oil, 2 parts; benzoic acid, 3 parts; oxalate of lime, 1 part; phosphate of lime, 2 parts.
Mix, with heat.
2. Yellow resin, 24 pounds; sperm oil, 3 pounds; red sanders, powdered, 5 pounds; Venetian red, 3 pounds. Mix, with heat, and form to
sample.
Dram-drinker's Bitters.
Cloves, 1 part; bruised cascarilla, 2 parts; proof-spirit, 5 parts; water
ooiling, 30 parts. Steep the cloves and bark in the water for two hours,
strain and add the spirit. Dose; a wine-glassful four times a day.
To gild or silver Drawings, df-c.
Lay on the colours with a little size or gum; when dry, breathe on the
design, and apply the leaf.
Dressing Ointment for Canker in Horses.
Tar, 1 pound; tallow, 1 pound; powdered verdigris, 4 ounces. Mix.
Dressing Ointment for Cattle.
Tar, I pound; resin, 1 pound; spirits of turpentine, I pound; tallow,
3 pounds; oil of vitriol, 5 ounces: sulphate of copper, 5 ounces; alum, 5
ounces. Mix very cautiously.
Remedy for Strains in Horses.
Take whiskey, half a pint; camphor, 1 ounce; sharp vinegar, I pint.
\ix. Used for bathing.
Another for the same.
Take opodeldoc, warm it, and rub the strained part twice or themce a
day.
12 *




ï~~138

PRACTICAL  RECEIPTS.

Druggist's Colours.
Yellow.-Take iron filings, hydrochloric acid to dissolve. Dilute with
watcr.
Red.-Solution of sal ammoniac, cochineal to colour.
Blue.-1. Sulphate of copper, 1 part; alum, 1 part; water, 16 parts;
oil of vitriol, q. s.
2. Indigo, I part; oil of vitriol, 3 parts. Dissolve, then dilute with
water.
3. Ferrocyanide of iron, 1 part; hydrochloric acid, 2 parts. Dissolve,
nen dilute with water.
Green.-1. Verdigris, dilute sulphuric acid to dissolve. Dilute with
water.
2. Verdigris, 1 part; acetic acid, 3 parts. Dissolve, and dilute witl
water.
Purple.-1. Sugar of lead, 1 ounce; cochineal, 25 grains. Dissolve.
2. Infusion of logwood, water of ammonia, q. s.
3. Logwood, alum, water, q. s. Make a decoction, and add a little spirit
To cure the Fit of Drunkenness.
Take half an ounce of mindererus spirit in a cupful of water. Repeat
the dose every fifteen minutes.
Kyan's Patent Preventive of Dry Rot.
A solution of corrosive sublimate in water.
To choose Ducks.
Buy those which have supple feet, and are hard and thick on the breast.
Dutch Drops.
Balsam of sulphur, oil of turpentine, equal parts. Mix.
Remedy for the Staggers.
Bleed freely. Then make a drench out of the following ingredients:Sassafras tea, 3 half pints; plantain juice, half a pint: assafcetida, half ar
ounce; saltpetre, one tea-spoonful. Mix. Drench thrice a week.
Another for the same.
Give a mash twice a week, composed of one gallon of bran, one tablespoonful of sulphur, one tea-spoonful of saltpetre, one quart of boiling sassafras tea, and an eighth of an ounce of assafetida. Do not let the horse
have any cold drink for half a day afterwards.
Remedy for the Mange.
Take flowers of sulphur and hog's lard, equal parts. Mix, and anoint
twice a day. Bleed, and give two or three mashes, (composed of bran
sulphur, saltpetre and sassafras,) within a week afterwards.
Hide-bound.
Bleed, and give a mash (at night) composed of one gallon of bran
scalded with sassafras tea, one table-spoonful of flowers of sulphur, and one
tea-spoonful of saltpetre. No cold water to be given for six hours afterwards.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS

139

7To afford Assistance to a Person in Danger of Drowning.
If the spectator is unable to swim, and can make the sufferer hear, ha
ought to direct him to keep his hands and arms under water, until assistance comes; in the mean time, throw towards him a rope, a pole, or any
thing that may help to bring him ashore, or on board; he will eagerly
seize whatever is placed within his reach: thus he may, perhaps, be rescued
from his perilous situation.
But this desirable object appears attainable by the proper use of a man's
hat and pocket-handkerchief, which, being all the apparatus necessary, is
to be used thus: spread the handkerchief on the ground, or deck, and place
a hat, with the brim downwards, on the middle of it; then tie the handkerchief round the hat, like a bundle, keeping the knots as near the centre
of the crown as possible. Now, by seizing the knots in one hand, and
keeping the opening of the hat upwards, a person, without knowing how
to swim, may fearlessly plunge into the water, with whatever may be necessary to save the life of a fellow-creature.
The best manner in which an expert swimmer can lay hold of a person
he wishes to save from sinking, is to grasp his arm firmly between the
shoulder and the elbow: this will prevent him from clasping the swimmer
in his arms, and thus forcing him under water, and, perhaps, causing him
to sink with him.
Dutch Currant Wine.
Warm water, 9 gallons; red currants, 8 gallons; raw sugar, 12 pounds
(or more). Ferment, then add red tartar (dissolved), 2 ounces; bitter
almonds, I ounce; cloves, J ounce; bruised ginger, 1 ounce. Bung close.
Dutch White Lead.
Sulphate of barytes, 28 pounds; pure white lead, 84 pounds. Mix.
Dupuytren's Eye Salve.
Red oxide of mercury, 6 grains; sulphate of zinc, 10 grains; lard, I
ounce. Mix.
Dupuytren's Pomatum.
Prepared suet, 2 parts; lard, 1 part; oil of almonds, 1 part. Mix over
a gentle fire, and perfume to taste.
Dyer's Spirit.
Aquafortis, 10 parts; sal ammoniac, 5 parts; tin, 2 parts. Dissolve.
Paste resembling Eagle Marine.
1. Plain paste, 10 pounds; smalts, 12 pounds.
2. Plain paste, 10 pounds; sulphuret of copper, 4 ounces; zaffre, I
scruple.
Earthenware Varnish.
Flint glass, soda, equal parts. Mix.
East India Pomatum.
Take suet, 7 pounds; lard, 7 pounds: beeswax, 1 pound. Melt, theo
add essence of lemon, 4 ounces; gum benzoin, 3 ounces; musk, 2 scru
ples; oil of cloves, 25 drops; oil of rhodium, 25 drops. Mix well




ï~~140

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Eau de Bouquet.
Scented honey water, 1 pint; eau sans pareille, 1  pint; essence de
jasmin, 8 ounces; oil of cloves, J ounce; spirit of violets, 4 ounces; cala
mus aromaticus, 4 ounces; lavender, 4 ounces; essence of neroli, 6
dcachms; essence of musk and ambergris, 1 drachm; spirit, 3 pints. Mix
Eau de Barbades.
Orange-peel (fresh), 1 ounce; lemon-peel, 4 ounces; cloves (coarsely
powdered),   drachm; corianders (coarsely powdered), 1 drachm. Macerate in proof-spirit, J gallon; water, I gallon. Distil, then add powdered
lump-sugar, 1 pound.
Eau de Cologne.
1. Essence of bergamot, 1 ounce; essence of lemon, 1 ounce; essence
of rosemary, 1 ounce; essence of Portugal, 1 ounce; neroli, J ounce; alcohol, 9 or 10 gallons. Mix well in a close vessel.
2. Essence of bergamot, 6 ounces; essence of neroli, 3 drachms; essence of cedrat, 4 drachms; essence of lemon, 6 drachms; oil of rosemary,
2 drachms; eau de melisse des carmes 5 drachms; spirit, (25 op.), 4 gallons. Mix, and distil or filter.
Excellent Eau de Cologne.
Take the whole of the articles named in the form for Farina's Cologne,
and macerate for ten days, with occasional agitation, then well mix with it
calcined magnesia, 2 pounds; rummage together for one hour, then bung
down and let it stand a week. Draw it off without disturbing the bottom,
and filter the thick residue. All perfumed spirits are better distilled, and it
is found that even the addition of essences, &c. to the distilled spirit, as in
Farina's Cologne, does not produce so fine an article as if the whole were
at once mixed, subjected to agitation for six or eight hours in a close vessel, and then distilled.
Farina's Eau de Cologne.
Spirit, 70 gallons; sage, 6 drachms; thyme, 6 drachms; balmn mint, 12
ounces; spear mint, 12 ounces; calamus aromaticus, I ounce; angelica
root, I ounce; petals of roses, 4 ounces; violets, 4 ounces; lavender
flowers, 2 ounces; orange flowers, - ounce; wormwood, 1 ounce; nutmegs,   ounce; cloves, - ounce; cassia, A ounce; mace,   ounce; sliced
lemons, 2; sliced oranges, 2. Macerate for twenty-four hours, then draw
over fifty gallons, then add essence of lemon, l1 ounces; essence of cedrat,
1 ounces; essence of balm mint, 12 ounces; essence of lavender, 14
ounces: seeds of anthos, - ounce; neroli, J ounce; essence of jasmin, I
ounce; essence of bergamot, 12 ounces. Agitate for twelve days, then allow them to rest for a week, and draw off the clear. If not fine, filter
through magnesia.
Very fine Eau de Cologne.
Alcohol, 1 gallon; neroli, 50 drops; essence of cedrat, 50 drops; essence of orange, 50 drops; essence of lemon, 50 drops; essence of berga.
mot, 50 drops; essence of rosemary, 50 drops; lesser cardamons, 2 drachms
Distil, or macerate and filter.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

141

Seventy-nine Experimental Receipts with the Metals.
1. Prepare two glasses of rain-water, and into one of them drop a single
drop of sulphuric acid. Pour a little nitrate of silver into the other glass,
and no change will be perceptible. Pour some of the same solution into
the first glass, and a white precipitate of sulphate of silver will appear.
2. Prepare two glasses, as in the last experiment, and into one of them
put a drop or two of muriatic acid. Proceed as before, and a precipitate of
muriate of silver will be produced.
3. Take two glasses, as in Experiment 1, and into one of them put a
drop of sulphuric acid, and a drop or two of muriatic acid: proceed as before with the nitrate of silver, and a mixed precipitate will be produced,
consisting of muriate of silver and sulphate of silver.
4. Take the glass containing the mixed precipitate of the last experiment,
and give it, by means of a lamp, the heat of boiling water. The sulphate
of silver, if there be a sufficiency of boiling water, will now be re-dissolved,
and the muriate of silver will remain separate at the bottom of the vessel.
This experiment exhibits a method of separating these metallic salts whenever they occur in a state of mixture.
5. Mix one ounce of litharge of lead with one drachm of pulverized muriate of ammonia, and submit the mixture to a red heat in a clean tobaccopipe. The increase of temperature will separate the ammonia in the form
of gas, and the muriatic acid will combine with the lead. When the compound is well melted, pour it into a metallic cup, and you will have a true
muriate of lead of a bright yellow colour, the brilliancy of which may be
much heightened by grinding it as usual with oil. In this state it forms
the colour called patent yellow.
6. Take one ounce of red lead, and half a drachm of charcoal, in powder, incorporate them well in a mortar, and then fill the bowl of a tobaccopipe with the mixture. Submit it to an intense heat in a common fire, and
when melted, pour it upon a slab. The result will be metallic lead completely revived.
7. Take a little red lead, expose it to an intense heat in a crucible, and
pour it out when melted. The result will be metallic glass, and will furnish an example of the vitrification of metals.
8. Drop upon a clean plate of copper a small quantity of solution of
nitrate of silver; in a short time a metallic vegetation will be perceptible
branching out in very elegant and pleasing forms, furnishing an example
of metallic revivification.
9. Dissolve an ounce of acetate of lead in about a quart or more of
water, and filter the solution. If this be put into a glass decanter, and a
piece of zinc suspended in it by means of a brass wire, a decomposition of
the salt will immediately commence, the lead will be set at liberty, and will
attach itself to the remaining zinc, forming a metallic tree.
10. Procure a phial with a glass stopper accurately ground into it;
introduce some copper wire, then entirely fill it with liquid ammonia, and
stop the phial so as to exclude all atmospheric air. If left in this state, no
solution of the copper will be effected. But if the bottle be afterwards left
open for some time, and then stopped, the metal will dissolve and the soluti )r will be colourless. Let the stopper be now taken out, and the fluid




ï~~142

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

will become blue, beginning at the surface, and spreading gradually through
the whole. If this blue solution has not been too long exposed to the air,
and fresh copper filings be put in, again stopping the bottle, the fluid will
once more be deprived of its colour, which it will recover only by the readmission of air. These effects may thus be repeatedly produced.
11. Pour concentrated nitric acid upon pieces of iron, and very little
action will be seen: but if a few drops of water be added, a most violent
effervescence will immediately commence; the acid will be decomposed
with rapidity, clouds of red nitrous gas will be evolved in abundance, and
a perfect solution of the metal effected.
12. Take any solution of iron, a chalybeate water for instance, and add
a small quantity of succinate of ammonia; in a little time a precipitate
will be visible, being succinate of iron. By this test the quantity of iron
in any solution may be accurately ascertained.
13. In like manner add sulphuretted hydrogen to a solution of lead, and
a deep brown precipitate will be occasioned. This is an effectual mode of
detecting this and some other pernicious metals.
14. Dissolve some quicksilver in nitrous acid, and drop a little of the
solution upon a bright piece of copper. If it be then gently rubbed with
a bit of cloth, the mercury will precipitate itself upon the copper, which
will be completely silvered. This experiment is illustrative of the precipitation of one metal by another.
15. Take a phial with a solution of sulphate of zinc, and another containing a little liquid ammonia, both transparent fluids. By mixing them,
a curious phenomena may be perceived:-the zinc will be immediately
precipitated in a white mass, and if then shaken, will be almost as instantly
re-dissolved.
16. If a colourless solution of galls be added to a solution of bismuth in
nitric acid equally colourless, a brown precipitate will be produced. This
is a distinguishing characteristic of this metal.
17. If a colourless solution of arsenic in caustic potash be poured into
a colourless solution of copper, a green precipitate will be produced, form.
ing an arseniate of copper similar to an ore found in the Cornish mines.
These metals may be thus reciprocally detected.
18. Alloy a piece of silver with a portion of lead, place the alloy upon
a piece of charcoal, attach a blow-pipe to a gasometer charged with oxygen
gas, light the charcoal first with a bit of paper, and keep up the heat by
pressing upon the machine. When the metals get into complete fusion, the
lead will begin to burn, and very soon will be all dissipated in a white smoke,
leaving the silver in a state of purity. This experiment is designed to show
the fixity of the noble metals.
19. If oxide of cobalt be dissolved in ammonma, a red solution will be
produced, different in colour from that of all other metallic oxides.
20. If nickel be dissolved in nitric acid, a beautiful green solution will
be formed. The oxide of this metal is used to give a delicate grass green
to porcelain.
21. When colourless prussiate of potash is added to a solution of tita
mum, this metal will be precipitated also of a green colour.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS

143

22. Add a little colourless solution of galls to a clear solution of anti.
mony in nitro-muriatic acid, and the metal will be precipitated of a pale
yellow colour.
23. If a solution of tungstate of potash be poured into a solution of th,
green sulphate of iron, a yellow precipitate will fall down. By this experiment the distinguishing characteristic of this metal is exhibited.
24. If a solution of the green sulphate of iron be dropped into a nitro
muriate of gold, the last metal will be immediately precipitated. In this
state it is often employed in gilding china.
25. If flowers, or any other figures, be drawn upon a riband or silk with
a solution of nitrate of silver, and the silk, moistened with water, be then
exposed to the action of hydrogen gas, the silver will be revived, and the
figures, firmly fixed upon the silk, will become visible, and shine with metallic brightness.
26. By proceeding in the same manner, and using a solution of gold in
nitro-muriatic acid, silks may be permanently gilt at a most trifling expense,
and will exhibit an appearance the most beautiful that can be conceived.
27. To a similar solution of gold add about a fourth part of ether; shake
them together, and wait till the fluids separate; the upper stratum, or ethereal gold, is then to be carefully poured off into another vessel. If any
polished steel instrument or utensil be dipped into this solution, and instantly
plunged into water, the surface will have acquired a coat of pure gold, being
a very elegant and economical mode of preserving polished steel from rust.
28. If nitro-muriate of platina be mixed with a fourth part of its bulk
of ether, and the mixture suffered to settle, the ethereal solution of platina
may be decanted as in the preceding experiment. Polished brass, and some
other metals immersed in this solution, will be covered with a coat of platina. This process may be applied to many useful purposes.
29. Prepare a very dilute and colourless solution of platina by dropping
a small quantity of the nitro-muriate of that metal into a glass of water. If
a single drop of the solution of muriate of tin be added to this, a bright red
precipitate will be instantly produced. A more delicate test than this of
any metal cannot be conceived.
30. If a morsel of the dried crystals of nitrate of silver (not the lunar
caustic) be laid on a piece of burning charcoal, the metallic salt will immediately deflagrate, throw out the most beautiful scintillations that can be
imagined, and the surface of the charcoal will be richly coated with metallic
silver.
31. To a colourless solution of nitrate of mercury add an equally colourless solution of sub-borate of soda. This will produce a double decomposition, and form a bright yellow precipitate of borate of mercury, giving
an instance of difference of colour in metals, by their union with different
acids.
32. Into a diluted solution of sulphate of copper, pour a little liquid caustic ammonia. This will precipitate the copper of a bluish-white. During
Its examination, however, the precipitate will be re-dissolved, and a beautiful
blue liquid, called aqua celestis, will be the result.
33. Dissolve a few crystals of nitro-muriate of gold in about eignt times
their weight of pure water; place a thin slip of charcoal in the solution,




ï~~144

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

and heat the whole by means of a sand-bath. When the solution has acquired nearly a boiling heat, the gold will precipitate itself on the charcoal,
in its metallic splendour, forming a singular and beautiful appearance. This
experiment is designed to show that metals become insoluble the moment
they impart their oxygen to foreign bodies.
34. Proceed as in the last experiment, and submit the vessel with its con
tents to the rays of the sun. Here the metal vill be reduced, and the charcoal as effectually gilt as before. This is illustrative of the deoxidizing
power of the sun's rays.
35. Drop a little leaf gold into nitro-muriatic acid, and it will instantly
disappear. This experiment is designed to show the great solubility of the
metals, when submitted to a proper menstruum.
36. Pour a little purified nitric acid into one wineglass, and muriatic acid
into another, and drop a little leaf gold into each. Here neither of these
corrosive acids will act at all upon the metal, the gold will remain untouched. Now pour the whole contents of the two glasses together, and
the metal will disappear, and be as effectually dissolved as in the last experiment.
37. If a little metallic arsenic in powder be mixed with a few zinc filings,
and then treated with diluted sulphuric acid, arsenuretted hydrogen gas may
be collected, which burns with a peculiar kind of lambent flame.
38. If a portion of this gas, issuing from a very small tube, be set on fire,
and then immersed in a large glass receiver of oxygen gas, and the stream
of arsenuretted hydrogen kept up by the pressure of the bladder, a blue
flame of uncommon splendour will be produced.
39. Take an amalgam of lead and mercury, and another amalgam of bismuth, let these two solid amalgams be mixed by triture, and they will instantly become fluid.
40. If a little pure white calomel be rubbed in a glass mortar with a little
colourless solution of caustic ammonia, the whole will become intensely
black.
41. A little of the solution of the sulphate of manganese being exposed
in a glass phial to the light of the sun, its rose colour will entirely fade.
This is another experiment to show the deoxidizing power of the sun's
rays. If the phial be removed into a dark room, the original colour of the
solution will be restored.
42. Dissolve about a drachm of pulverized sulphate of copper in a little
boiling water, and an equal quantity of powdered muriate of ammonia in
a separate vessel, in hot water. By mixing the contents of the two glasses,
a quadruple salt will be formed, which gives a yellow colour to the solution
while hot, and becomes green when cold.
43. Mix 3 grains of sulphur with 9 grains of dry nitrate of silver, and
lay the mixture in a small heap on an anvil, or on any piece of solid metal.
If the mixture be now struck smartly with a cold hammer, the sulphur will
inflame, but no detonation will ensue. This is an instance of a metallic
salt being decomposed, and a combustible substance inflamed by percussion.
44. If the experiment be repeated, and the mass be struck with a hrot
hammer, the mixture detonates, and the silver is reduced.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

145

45. Pour a solution of nitrate of silver into a glass vessel, and immerse
afew slips of copper in it. In a short time a portion of the copper will be
dissolved, and all the silver precipitated in a metallic form. If the solution.
which now contains copper, be decanted into another glass, and pieces of
iron added to it, this metal will then be dissolved, and the copper precipitated, yielding a striking example of peculiar affinities.
46. Melt a portion of grain tin, and pour it into a metallic cup. Allow
it to cool till it is congealed to some depth, then pierce the solid crust, and
carefully pour out that portion which is still liquid. If what remains in
the vessel be suffered to cool entirely, it will present rhomboidal crystals of
considerable size, formed by the assemblage of a great number of small
needles longitudinally united.
47. Treat silver in the same way; and we shall procure a metallic mass
crystallized in quadrangular or octohedral prisms.
The two experiments immediately preceding will succeed better if the
metal be poured into a vessel with an orifice in the bottom, which must be
stopped with a proper plug, and this removed as soon as the upper crust
hardens; the liquid metal will then run out, and that which is congealed
will exhibit a regular crystallization.
48. Form an amalgam with four parts of silver-leaf and two of mercury,
and dissolve this amalgam in diluted nitric acid. Then add water to the
solution, equal to thirty times the weight of the metals employed, and put
the whole aside for use. If an ounce of this solution be at any time poured
into a phial, and a small piece of soft amalgam of silver dropped in, filaments of reduced silver will shoot from it, and extend upwards, in the form
of a shrub. The appearance of arborescence is called the tree-of Diana.
49. If two parts of sulphate of copper, and three oif carimnate of ammonia, (the one a blue, the other a white salt,) be rubbed together in a glass
mortar till the carbonic acid be expelled, the mass will become soft and humid, and, when dried, forms a crystalline powder of a most beautiful deep
violet coloir. This compound was formerly called cuprum aminmoniacum.
50. If a little (dlourless and recently prepared muriate of tin be poured
mnto a rich green solution of muriate of copper, the copper will be deprived
of a portion of its oxygen, and a white muriate of copper precipitated.
51. Into the phial containing the white muriate of the last experiment,
pour a little muriatic acid. The precipitate will quickly be dissolved, and
the solution will be colourless.
52. Procure some solution of sulphate of iron at the minimum of oxidizement, by digesting iron filings with the common sulphate. Into this,
when filtered, drop a little of the solution of prussiate of potash, and a white
prussiate of iron will be precipitated.
53. If a very little colourless nitric acid be added to a solution of sulphate of iron prepared as in the last experiment, the addition of the prus-,hate of potash will produce not the white, but the blue prussiate of iron.
54. Pour some pure nitric acid on the black oxide of manganese, and
-io solution will be effected. But if a little sugar be added, the sugar will
abstract a part of the oxygen from the nitric acid, and then the acid will be
enabled to dissolve the metal.
13




ï~~14b

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

55. Expose an ounce of nitric acid for an hour, in an open phial, to the
direct rays of the sun, and pour another ounce of the same acid, that hat
not been so exposed, into another phial. If a little of the black oxide ol
manganese be now put into each, the oxide in the first phial will be dis
solved, while that in the other will not be affected by the acid.
56. If a piece of bright silver be dipped in a solution of sulphate of cop
per, it will come out unchanged: but if the blade of a clean penknife, oi
any piece of polished iron, be dipped in the same solution, the iron wil
instantly put on the appearance of copper.
57. Take the piece of silver employed in the last experiment, hold it in
contact with the iron, and then, in this situation, dip them into the same
solution, and both will be covered with copper.
58. Dissolve some oxide of nickle in caustic ammonia, which will produce a solution of a rich blue colour. By exposure to the air this gradually
changes to a purple, and lastly to a violet. The addition of an acid, however, converts the whole to green.
59. Take the green solution of the last experiment, and pour caustic ammonia upon it. The original blue colour will now be reproduced.
60. Prepare a colourless solution of tartrate of potash and antimony (the
common emetic tartar), and pour into it a little liquid sulphuretted hydrogen. This will combine with the metallic oxide, and form an orange-coloured precipitate.
61. Melt together equal parts of copper and antimony, the one a yellow,
the other a white metal, and the alloy that results from this mixture will
take the colour of the violet.
62. If the grey sulphuretted oxide of antimony be fused in a crucible, we
procure a beautiful transparent glass, which is called the glass of antimony.
This takes tl P colour of the hyacinth.
63. Dissolve dry nitrate of silver in pure water; add a little oil of turpentine, shake the mixture and cork it close. Submit the phial with its
contents to the heat of boiling water for an hour, when the metal will be
revived, and the inside of the phial, where the oil reposed on the aqueous
solution, will be beautifully silvered, the revived metal forming a metallic
ring, extending quite round the phial.
64. Immerse a slip of white silk in a solution of nitro-muriate of gold
in distilled water, and dry it in the air. Silk thus prepared will not be
altered by hydrogen gas: but if another piece of silk be dipped in the solution, and exposed while wet to the same current of hydrogen gas, instant
signs of metallic reduction will appear; the colour will change from yellow
to green, and a brilliant film of reduced gold will soon glitter on its surface.
65. If a piece of silk be immersed in a solution of nitrate of silver, and
ried in a dark place, and then submitted to hydrogen gas, the silver will
iot be reduced; but if exposed while wet to a stream of the same gas, the
surface will quickly be coated with reduced silver; various colours, su h as
blue, purple, red, orange, and yellow, will accompany the reduction and
the threads of the silk will look like silver wire.
During these experiments the silk should be constantly kept wet witi
distilled water.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

147

66. Dissolve some crystals of muriate of tin in distilled water, then dip
a piece of white silk in the solution, and dry it in the air. If this be now
immersed in hydrogen gas, no change will be observed; but if it be exposed
while wet to the same current of gas, the reduction will soon commence,
attended with a great variety of beautiful colours, as red, yellow, orange,
green, and blue, variously intermixed.
67. Prepare a strong solution of phosphorus in sulphuric ether, and dip
piece of white silk in the solution; then, when the ether has evaporated,
tnd the phosphorus begins to fume, apply a solution of nitro-muriate of
gold, made by dissolving the crystals of that salt in distilled water; the silk
will in an instant be covered with a splendid coat of metallic gold.
68. Proceed as in the last experiment, and instead of the solution of
gold, apply, with a camel's-hair pencil, a solution of nitrate of silver. Here
the silver will instantly be restored to its metallic brilliancy, and frequently
be attended by spangles of a beautiful blue.
69. If a bit of white silk be immersed in an ethereal solution of gold,
and dried, the application of phosphorized ether will only impart a brown
colour to the silk; but if, as soon as the phosphorus begins to fume, it be
placed on the palm of the hand, and breathed on for a considerable time,
the brown will be succeeded by a purple tinge, and the metallic lustre of
the gold will soon begin to appear.
70. An aqueous solution of nitro-muriateof gold was poured into a china
cup containing some phosphorized ether; instantly the gold began to assume
its metallic splendour, attended with a variety of colours, as purple, blue, and
red, the beauty of which cannot be described, but which depends on the different degrees of the reduction.
71. With a needle pass a thread through a small bit of phosphorus, previously freed from moisture by immersing it in alcohol. If this be suspended in an aqueous solution of nitro-muriate of gold, in a few minutes
the phosphorus will become covered with pure gold.
72. If a piece of white silk be dipped in an aqueous solution of nitromuriate of gold, and exposed while wet to sulphurous acid gas, the whole
piece will in a few seconds be covered with a coat of reduced gold, which
remains permanent.
73. If a piece of white silk be immersed in an aqueous solution of nitrate
of silver, thoroughly dried in the dark, and then exposed to sulphurous acid
vapours, it will suffer no change; nor, if it be wetted with alcohol and then
replaced in the vapour, will any sign of reduction appear; but if it be wetted with pure water, and then exposed to the vapour, metallic silver will
immediately be seen on its surface.
A glass funnel is a convenient apparatus for the foregoing experiments.
The silk may be suspended by a thread passed through it, and made fast to
the funnel with a cork. The funnel is then to be placed on a table, and
by moving it a little over the edge of the table, a lighted match may be
readily introduced, and when the glass is full of vapour, the match may be
withdrawn. The vapour is confined by sliding the funnel back upon the
table; and thus the phenomena of the experiment may be easily observed.
74. Dip a piece of white calico in an aqueous solution of acetate of lead,
and then drop a little solution of sulphuret of potash upon it. If this be




ï~~148

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

now placed in the palm of the hand, the lead will be observed gradually to
revive, and will soon be reduced to its metallic state.
75. Dissolve some sulphuret of potash in alcohol, and immerse a slip of
white silk in the solution. If a drop of an aqueous solution of sulphate of
manganese be now applied, films of metallic manganese, bright as silver,
will instantly appear.
76. If a bit of silk be immersed in diluted acetate of lead, and exposed
while wet to a stream of sulphuretted hydrogen gas, a brown tinge will instantly diffuse itself, like a passing shadow, over the whole surface of the
silk, accompanied with a bright coat of reduced lead, resembling silver.
77. If a piece of silk be immersed in an aqueous solution of muriate of
tin, and exposed while wet to a stream of the same gas, reduced tin of great
brightness will immediately cover the surface, and in a little time this will
be accompanied by various colours, such as blue, orange, and purple.
78. A piece of silk, treated in the same way, but dipped in an aqueous
solution of muriate of arsenic, will be covered with resplendent metallic
arsenic, attended with a citron-yellow colour.
79. Prepare two glasses of very dilute nitrate of copper; into one drop
a little liquid ammonia, and into the other some diluted arseniate of potash.
The addition of these two colourless solutions will produce very different
effects, for the one glass will have an abundant precipitate, of a brilliant
sapphire-blue, and the other a precipitate of a beautiful grass-green.
Remedy for Surfeit in a Horse.
First bleed from the neck; then give a mash of bran, say one gallon,
mixed well with hot sassafras tea, in which a teaspoonful of saltpetre and
a tablespoonful of sulphur has been added. To be given three times a week.
Never give the horse to drink for half a-day after having been fed with
this mash. As a drink, give sassafras tea, with a l:'tle saltpetre, say ono
fourth of an ounce to the quart. As an ointment, equal parts of sulphur
and hog's lard.
Sweet Potatoes.
Make a bed of long manure, from eight to twelve inches thick, surrounding it with a rough frame of boards. Put three or four inches of mould
over the manure; split the potatoes and lay them thick on the mould, and
cover with four inches of mould. As soon as the sprouts begin to come
above the ground, draw them, laying one hand on the potato to keep it in
its place. The sprouts must be drawn as they come up, as long as the
planting season remains. They are to be set out in the hills after a rain,
two sprouts in a hill, or in rows fourteen inches apart. By commencing
early, a bushel of seed potatoes will plant an acre. This plan is decidedly
preferable to planting the potato itself. When nights are cold, boards must
be laid across the bed. In making the bed, the manure may be omitted by
those who do not like the trouble, but the sprouts will come forward much
later. The bed, in dry weather, must be frequently watered.
Sore Tongue in Horses.
Take 1 part sugar of lead, 1 part bole ammoniac, and 2 parts burnt alum,
the whole to be added to 3 quarts of good vinegar. With this wash out
the mouth twice a-day.




ï~~PRACTICAL ItECEIPTS.

149

Fruit Trees.
Be careful in planting to give the trees a fair chance for life and health
by digging the holes in which they are set wide and large, so that they may
be surrounded by loose earth, that can be easily penetrated by the tender
fibres of the roots which are to convey nourishment for their sustenance
and growth. A tree properly planted will grow as much in five years as
one carelessly and badly set in will in ten; and often the chance of survivorship is dependent on slight circumstances. An excellent plan for preventing young fruit trees from becoming hide-bound and mossy, and for
promoting their health and growth, is to take a bucket of soft soap, and to
apply it with a brush to the stemin or trunk, from top to bottom; this cleanses
the bark and destroys the worms or the eggs of insects; and the soap, becoming dissolved by rains, descends to the roots, and causes the tree to grow
vigorously.
Gold in Powder.
1. Gold (grain), 1 part; mercury, 6 parts. Heat the mercury to nearly
the boiling point, and triturate it with the gold, then distil off the mercury
or dissolve it out with nitric acid; wash the residue well in water, and heat
it to redness.
2. Gold, I part; nitro-muriatic acid, q. s. Dissolve and precipitate the
gold with a solution of sulphate of iron, 4 parts. Wash the precipitate and
heat it to redness.
Powder to Clean Gold Lace.
Roche alum (burnt and finely powdered), 5 parts; levigated chalk, 1
part. Mix. Apply with a dry brush.
Gold Lacker.
Ground turmeric, 1 pound; ground gamboge, 1 ounce; ground gum
sandarach, 3 pounds; ground bleached lac, 1 pound; alcohol, 2 gallons;
turpentine varnish, 3 pints. Put the whole into a suitable vessel, cork close,
and agitate until dissolved.
Gold Lustre for Stone-ware.
Gold, 6 parts; aqua regia, 36 parts. Dissolve, then add, tin, 1 part.
Next add, balsam of sulphur, 3 parts; oil of turpentine, 1 part. Mix gradually in a mortar, and rub it until the mixture becomes hard, then add, oil
of turpentine, 4 parts. It is then ready to be applied to a ground prepared
for the purpose.
Gold or Yellow Paste.
Take plain paste (made without the saltpetre), 100 parts; oxide of iron
I part. Fuse.
Big Head in Horses.
Take arsenic (white), 6 grains, in fine powder. This is to be wrapped;n a small piece of fine paper. Now make an incision in the skin over the
hard tumour, insert the paper containing the arsenic, give the incision 'me
stitch and tie. Bleed, and let the horse run alone in good pasture; if in
the winter, let him be stabled. In a few days the arsenic will begin to operate, and the head will swell until the arsenic is taken up by the humours
It will take from one to three months to effect a cure.
13*




ï~~50

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Ointment of Sodo.chloride of Gold.
Sodo-chloride of gold, 2 grains; lard, 1 ounce. Mix with great care,
to render the distribution of the salt perfectly equal throughout the whole
of the lard. An excellent application to venereal ulcers.
Gold Shells.
Take gold leaf, grind it in gumr-water, and spread it over the inside of the
shell.
Gold Size.
Yellow ochre, 1 part; copal varnish, 2 parts; linseed oil. 3 parts;
turpentine, 4 parts; boiled oil, 5 parts. Mix. The ochre must be in the
state of the finest powder, and ground with a little of the oil before mixing.
Gold Solder.
Pure gold, 6 parts; pure silver, 1 part; pure copper, 2 parts. Melt together.
Gold Sprinkle for Books.
Put into a marble mortar half an ounce of pure honey and one book of
gold leaf, rub them well together until they are very fine, add half a pint
of clear water, and mix them well together: when the water clears, pour
it off, and put in more, till the honey is all extracted, and nothing remains
but the gold. Mix one grain of corrosive sublimate in a teaspoonful of
spirits of wine, and when dissolved, put the same, together with a little gumwater, to the gold, and bottle it close for use. The edges of the book may
be sprinkled or coloured very dark, with green, blue, or purple, and lastly,
with the gold liquid, in small or large spots, very regular, shaking the bottle
before using. Burnish the edges when dry, and cover them with paper to
prevent the dust falling thereon. This sprinkle will have a most beautiful
appearance on extra work: ladies may use it for ornamenting their fancywork, by putting it on with a pen or camel's-hair brush, and when dry burnish it with a dog's tooth.
Fistula in Horses.
Make a strong decoction of any of the following herbs by boiling, to
wit: wormwood, camomile, mullen, or life-everlasting. Apply hot, with
woollen cloths. When the tumour is ripe, lance, and then wash it with
warm weak soap-suds. Then apply an ointment made as follows:-verdigris, I an ounce; ointment of yellow rosin, 4 ounces; copperas, I an
ounce; oil of turpentine, 1 ounce. Mix, and apply occasionally until
healthy matter appears, then discontinue the ointment, and heal up by
washing the fistula with warm weak soap-suds.
Essence of Ginger.
The best Jamaica or China ginger two ounces, proof spirit one pint.
Powder the ginger, mix it with the spirit, stop close, and let it steep for
twelve or rourteen days. This is the same as is sold for (Oxley's concen
trated essence of Jamaica ginger."
Sap Green.
This is prepared from the fruit of the buckthorn, and is purgative. It
is used by confectioners for colouring.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

151

Gold Varnish.
1. Turmeric, 1 drachm; gamboge, 1 drachm; oil of turpentine, 2 pints
shell lac, 5 ounces; sandarach, 5 ounces; dragon's-blood, 7 drachms; thin
mastic varnish, 8 ounces. Digest, with occasional agitation, for fourtee
days in a warm place, then set it aside to fine, and pour off the clear.
2. Dutch leaf, 1 part; gamboge, 4 parts; gum-dragon, 4 parts; proof
spirit, 18 Darts. Macerate for 12 hours, then grind on a stone slab.
Gooseberry Vinegar.
Bruise the looseberries, when ripe, and to every quart put three quarts
of water; stir them well together, and let the whole stand for twenty-four
hours, then strain it through a canvass bag. To every gallon of liquor addl
one pound of brown sugar, and stir them well together before they are put
into the cask. Proceed in all other respects as before. This vinegar possesses a pleasant taste and smell; but raspberry vinegar, which may be made
on the same plan, is far superior in these respects. The raspberries are not
required to be of the best sort, still they should be ripe and well-flavoured.
Mode of Increasing the Potato Crop.
An English writer says, by carefully removing the buds as they appear
on the potato vines, the crop of large ones is very much augmented. The
theory is plausible, and worthy a fair trial.
Soak your Seed Corn in a Solution of Saltpetre.
It destroys the worm, is not relished by crows or squirrels, and yields
much more abundantly than when planted without.
Peach Worm.
It is said that a mixture of one ounce of saltpetre and seven ounces of
salt, applied on the surface of the ground, in contact and around the trunk
of a peach tree seven years old and upwards, will destroy the worm, prevent the yellows, and add much to the product and quality of the fruit.Also, sow the orchard with the same mixture, at the rate of two bushels to
the acre.
Gooseberry Wine.
Gooseberries, 1 cwt.; water, 15 gallons; sugar, S0 pounds. Mix and
ferment.
Gooseberry Wine (French method).
Half ripe gooseberry juice, 30 gallons; sugar, 45 pounds; cream of tar
tar, 2 ounces. Mix, and let it ferment of itself.
Goulard's Extract.
Powdered litharge, I part; distilled vinegar, 4 parts. Dissolve.
Goulard's Ointment.
Goulard's extract, 3 pounds; yellow wax, 7 pounds; rape oil, 8 pounds.
Mix.
To Preserve Grain from Vermin.
Sprinkle garlic about the place it is stored in, or plant the wood-work
with coal tar.




ï~~,52

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Fistula in Horses.
When the fistula makes its first appearance, place a seton in each shoulder, just below the inflamed parts, and keep them running for two or three
weeks. This will often remove the disease without any further attention.
Gowland's Lotion.
1. Blanched sweet almonds, 4 parts; distilled water, 32 parts; bichloride
of mercury, 1 part; alcohol, 2 parts; ottar of roses, 2 drops. Rub the almonds to a milk with the water; strain through gauze; then add the other
ingredients. This is a most useful lotion for removing eruptions from the
skin.
2. Bitter almonds, I ounce; jordan, I ounce; white sugar, 1 ounce;
clear water, 1 quart. Reduce to an emulsion, then add, bichlorate of mercury, 45 grains, dissolved in a little warm water; spirits of wine, 4 drachms;
hydrochloric acid, 1 drachm. Mix well and strain.
To Correct Damaged Grain.
Put it for fifteen minutes into a warm oven and turn it frequently.
To Preserve all kinds of Grain.
Kiln-dry it.
To prevent the dropping of of Grapes.
Make a circular incision in the wood, cutting away a ring of bark, about
the breadth of the twelfth of an inch. The wood acquires greater size about
tne incision, and the operation accelerates the maturity of the wood, and
that of the fruit likewise. The incision should not be made too deep, and
further than the bark, or it will spoil both the wood and the fruit.
Grape Wine.
Vine cuttings, 1 cwt.; water, 20 gallons. Infuse for some time, then
add sugar,   cwt. Ferment with a little yeast.
Grape Red Wine.
Grapes (any colour), 30 pounds; water, 6 gallons; sugar, 10 pounds.
Ferment, then add red beet (sliced), 2 pounds; red tartar (powdered), 3
ounces; gum catechu, 3 ounces; cloves (bruised), i ounce; spirit, 1 quart,
or more.
Grape White Wine.
Grape juice (white), 14 gallons; sugar, 12 pounds; water, 3 gallons.
Ferment, then add white tartar, 7 ounces; spirit, 3 quarts.
Pills for Gravel.
Castile soap, 8 parts; caustic soda, 4 parts; oil of tartar to mix. Divide
into three-grain pills, one to be taken every two hours.
Grease Balls.
White soap, 1 pound; spirits of turpentine, 4 ounces; Fuller's earth, 6
ounces; ox-gall, 5 ounces. Beat to an even mass and form into cakes - an
inch thick, 1 inch wide, and 21 inches long.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

153

Syrup of Citrate of Iron.
1. Take citrate of iron, dissolved in a little water, 1 part; mix with]
pure syrup, 120 parts. Each ounce of this syrup contains four grains of
citrate of iron.
2. Take simple syrup, 458 parts; citrate of peroxide of iron, 30 parts;
spirit of lemon and alcohol, 7 parts.
Candied Citron.
Cut the peels in half, then soak them in water for two hours; change
the water, and soak for two hours more; repeat the operation until the
water ceases to be bitter; drain them, and put them into saturated (hot)
syrup, until they become soft and partly transparent, then take them out
aid dry them.
Essence of Civette.
Civette, I ounce; alcohol, 1 pound. Mix.
British Claret.
1. Cider (rough), 35 gallons; red Cape, 45 gallons; red tartar, dissolved, 1  pound. Mix well and fine.
2. Spirit, 5 gallons; cider, 50 gallons; red Cape, 35 gallons; good
Port, 15 gallons; red tartar, dissolved, 2 pounds. Mix well and fine.
3. Cider, 50 gallons; spirit, 7 gallons; red Cape, 42 gallons; good
Port, 5 gallons; red tartar, 2 pounds. Mix well and fine.
4. Red Cape or Port, 50 gallons; cider, 50 gallons; spirit, 10 gallons;
red tartar, 2 or 3 pounds. Mix well and fine.
5. Six gallons of water, two gallons of cider, and eight pounds of Malaga raisins, bruised; put them all together, and let them stand closely covered in a warm place for a fortnight, stirring them well every second day:
then strain out the liquor into a clean cask, and put to it a quart of barberries, a pint of the juice of raspberries, and a pint of the juice of black
cherries. Work it up with a little mustard-seed, and cover the bung with
a piece of dough; let it stand at the fireside for four days; then bung it
up, and let it remain a week, and bottle it off. When it becomes fine and
ripe, it will drink like claret.
6. Rough Port, 50 gallons; cider, 50 gallons; cream of tartar, 3 pounds
powdered catechu, J pound; spirit, 4 gallons. Mix. Red Cape may be
used for Port.
Claret Rags.
Take clean linen rags and colour them with Auvergne archil, juice of
red grapes, juice of mulberries, or the lees of red wine. &c. Used to colour
confectionary, jellies, cheese, &c.
To fine Claret.
Take white of eggs, beat them to a froth, and then mix them with the
wine.
Claret Vine-leaf Wine.
Claret vine-leaves, 3 pecks; water, 18 gallons. Macerate for three days.
then add sugar, 50 pounds; red tartar, dissolved, 8 ounces. Ferment, the,,
add spirit, 7 quarts; powdered cochineal, I ounce; sassafras chips, 1
pound.




ï~~154

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Clark's Sauce.
Port wine, 5 parts; Cape wine, 5 parts; scraped horse-radish, 3 parts;
cayenne, I part; garlic, 5 parts; cloves, 2 or 3 in nimber to every pint.
Boil for fifteen minutes; and, when cold, strain, or let it stand until fine,
and taen decant.
To extract Grease from Clothes.
Lay a piece of brown paper doubled over the spot, and apply a hot iron.
To Perfume Clothes.
Cloves, in coarse powder, 1 ounce; cassia, in coarse powder, 1 ounce;
lavender flowers, in coarse powder, 1 ounce; lemon-peel, in coarse powder, 1 ounce. Mix, and put them into little bags, and place them where
the clothes are kept, or wrap the clothes round them. These bags will
also keep off insects.
Clothes' Ball.
Pipe-clay, whiting, fuller's earth, equal parts. Mix.
To dry clean Cloth.
Extract the grease spots with a solution of soap or ox gall, then beat
fine damp sand into the cloth, and brush it out again with a stiff brush;
then rub two or three drops of olive oil over a hat-brush, and pass it
equally over the cloth.
To render Cloth Water-proof.
1. Isinglass, 1 part; water to reduce it to a size. Rub the wrong side
of the cloth with this solution (warm), then let it dry and go over it with
a soft sponge, charged with a warm, strained solution of galls. Repeat the
latter operation two or three times.
2. Soap (soda), 1 part; water, 2 parts. Dissolve, and work the solution into the wrong side of the cloth, dry; then apply a solution of alum,
with a soft sponge.
Clove Cordial.
Cloves, bruised, 7 pounds; pimento, 1 pound; proof-spirit, 50 gallons.
Macerate for fourteen days, then add sugar, 150 pounds; dissolved in water, 45 gallons. Mix well, and fine down with 12 eggs.
To extinguish Fire. New Invention.
Mr. Wivell has invented a machine, which has, for its merit, been attached to the establishment of the Royal Society for the Protection of Life
from Fire. This machine consists of a water-cart and a ladder 29 feet
long; the ladder has a folding-joint, which allows of its being placed on
the cart in a manageable form; lines and buckets are attached, by which
water can be conveyed into the first and second floors. As a proof of the
celerity with which the machine may be brought into action, intelligence
was taken from Brunswick-square to a supposed station 400 yards distant;
the water-cart was brought, the ladder raised, and eight buckets of water
handed up to the height on the second floor, in five minutes and a few
seconds. At a fire in Middle-row, Holborn, the cart from- Bedford-row
arrived in three minutes; and the fire-escape stationed against the Found
ming Hospital in seven minutes, after the alarm was given.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

15

Clove Drops.
Taie oil of cloves, and flavour the confectionary drops with it.
Clove Lozenges.
1. Finely-powdered cloves, 1 ounce; lump-sugar, 2 pounds; starch, I
pound; powdered gum, j pound. Mix with a weak decoction of Brazil.
2. Oil of cloves, 1 drachm; white sugar, 2 pounds; powdered gum, I
ounce. Mix with Brazil-water as before.
Cofee Drops.
Coffee, 1 ounce; water, I pint. Boil for five minutes, then use the
liquor to flavour the confectionary drops.
Essence of Coffee.
Coffee, 1 part; water, 5 parts. Keep them at a heat of 2090 Fahr., in
a close vessel for ten minutes, then strain and evaporate at a low temperature in a vacuum, until reduced to one part.
Coffee for Icing.
Strong coffee, 3 ounces; icing cream, 2 pints; sugar, 1 ounce; yolks
of 3 eggs. Mix well and strain, ready for icing.
Iris or Sylvester Coffee.
Take the seeds of the yellow water-flag, and treat them as for genuine
coffee. This forms a most excellent substitute for the colonial article.
Coffee Milk.
Milk, 1 pint; coffee, j ounce. Boil for five minutes and strain or fine
it down, then preserve the clear liquid for use.
Rye Coffee.
Take rye and roast, and grind it, like genuine coffee. This is similar
to Hunt's breakfast powder, Dellenius's coffee, British coffee, &c.
Substitutes for Coffee.
1. Bread raspings.
2. Roasted wheat or rye, or Hunt's breakfast powder.
3. Slice and dry the yellow-beet root, then grind it with a little coffee.
4. Peeled acorns roasted with a little fat.
5. Sassafras, nuts or chips.
To improve Coffee.
Coffee, 13 parts; chicory, 3 parts. Grind together.
To make and Fine Coffee.
Put a sufficient quantity of coffee into the pot and pour boiling water
on it, stir it and place it on the fire, bring it to a boil, and as soon as foul
or five bubbles have risen, take it off the fire and pour out a tea-cupful and
return it; set it down for one minute, then pour gently over the top one
tea-cupful of cold water, let it stand one minute longer, and it will b,
bright and fine. The cold water (by its greater density) sinks and carries
the grounds with it.




ï~~156                PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.
Rice Cofee.
Take good rice and roast, and grind it, &c., in the same way as coffee.
To take Impressions from Coins, f-c.
Make a thick solution of isinglass in water, and lay it hot on the metal,
let it remain for twelve hours, then remove it, breathe on it and apply gold
or silver-leaf on the wrong side. Any colour may be given to the isinglass
instead of gold or silver, by simple mixture.
Red Colcothar.
1. Sulphate of iron, 1 part; water, 60 parts. Dissolve and add a solution of carbonate of an alkali, until the whole of the oxide of iron is precipitated, then wash, and calcine the precipitate.
2. Green sulphate of iron, 100 parts; common salt, 42 parts. Mix and
calcine until all the mur.iatic acid is driven over, then wash out the remainn g sulphate of soda, and recalcine the residue.
Cold Cream.
1. Lard, prepared, 2 pounds; suet, 1 pound. Melt, cool a little, ana
then stir in bergamot, 2 drachms; essence of lemon, 1 drachm; neroli,
2 l drops; rose-water, 4 ounces.
2. Lard, 1 pound; spermaceti, 3 ounces. Melt with a gentle heat, and
when cooling stir in orange-flower water, 1 ounce; essence of lavender,
26 drops.
3. Oil of almonds, 5 pounds; white wax, 1 pound; spermaceti, J pound.
Melt by a gentle heat, then stir in rose-water, 1 pound; ottar of roses, 6
drops.
4. 1 ard, 10 parts; oil of almonds, 4 parts; suet, 2 parts; spermaceti,
1 part. Melt in a warm bath, and when removed from the fire stir in one
part each of rose, cinnamon, and orange-flower waters, with a few drops
of oil of lavender or bergamot.
5. Oil of almonds, 1 pound; white lard and suet, each 1 pound; spermaceti and white wax, each 1 ounce. Melt with as little heat as possible,
and stir in rose or orange-flower water 4 ounces; essence of bergamot or
lavender 35 drops.
Method of preventing Cold Feet at Bed-time.
Draw off your stockings just before undressing, and rub your andcles
and feet well with your hand, as hard as you can bear the pressure, for five
or ten minutes, and you will never have to complain of cold feet in bed.
It is hardly conceivable what a pleasurable glow this diffuses. Frequent
washing of the feet, and rubbing them thoroughly dry with a linen cloth
or flannel, is very useful.
To prevent the Bad Effects of Drinking Cold Liquors.
Brandy or other spirits, 2 ounces; laudanum, 30 drops. Mix, and
drink immediately as the shivering fit comes on, then lie down for an hot
or so.
To kill Roaches.
Wafers, made out of red lead, and wheat flour.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

157

Eau de Luce.
Water of ammonia, essential oil of amber, sufficient. Mix.
Eau de Melisse.
I. Dried balm leaves, 1 pound; dried lemon-peel, J pound; nutmegs
and corianders (bruised), 2 ounces; cloves, cassia, and dried angelica,
(bruised,) 1 ounce; spirit, 1 gallon. Mix and distil, or macerate and
filter.
2. Spirit of balm, 1 gallon; spirit of lemon-peel, 2 quarts; spirit of
nutmegs, 1 quart; spirit of corianders, 1 quart; spirit of rosemary, I pinit;
spirit of marjoram, 1 pint; spirit of thyme, 1 pint; spirit of hyssop, 1
pint: spirit of cassia, 1 pint; spirit of sage, 1 pint; spirit of aniseed, 1
pint; spirit of cloves, 1 pint; spirit of angelica, 1 pint; spirit of wine, 4
pints. Mix and distil, or macerate and filter. This is said to be the original receipt of the barefooted Carmelites, now in possession of the Company of Apothecaries at Paris.
Eau de Mille Fleurs.
Spirit of wine, 5 gallons; orange-flower water, 1 gallon; balsam  of
Peru, 4 ounces; essence of bergamot, 8 ounces; essence of musk, 8 ounces;
essence of cloves, 4 ounces; essence of neroli, 2 ounces; essence of thyme,
1 ounce. Mix.
Eau de Mousseline.
Spirit of wine, 2 quarts; spirit of roses, 2 quarts; spirit of jasmin, 2
quarts; spirit of orange flowers, 2 quarts; spirit of clove gilly-flower,
quart; essence of vanilla, 2 ounces; essence of musk, 2 ounces; red sanders wood, I ounce; orange-flower water, 1 quart; rose-water, 1 pint.
Mix.
Eau de Tain.
Water, 7 gallons; lemon thyme, 5 pounds. Draw over five gallons.
Eau Divine.
Essence of lemon, 1 drachm; bergamot, I drachm; spirit, 1 gallon.
Macerate for four days, frequently shaking the bottle, then add water, 2
gallons; sugar, 4 pounds; orange-flower water, 1 pint. Mix and filter.
To stain Wood like Ebony.
Take a solution of sulphate of iron, and wash the wood over with it two
or three times: let it dry, and apply two or three coats of a strong decoction of logwood; wipe the wood when dry with a sponge and water, and
polish with oil.
Economical White House Paint.
Skimin milk, 2 quarts; fresh slaked lime, 8 ounces; linseed oil, 6
ounces; white Burgundy pitch, 2 ounces; Spanish white, 3 pounds. The
lime to be slaked in water, exposed to the air, mixed in about one fourth
of the milk; the oil, in which the pitch is previously dissolved, to be added
a little at a time; then the rest of the milk, and afterwards the Spanish
white. This quantity is sufficient for twenty.seven square yards, two
coats, and the expense not more than ten-pence.
14




ï~~]58

PRACTICAL  RECEIPTS.

Economical Pearl-grey House Paint.
If a particle of blue be added to the preceding composition, or if this b! ue
be combined with a slight portion of black, a silver or pearl-grey will Le
obtained.
Edinburgh Ale.
Employ the best pale malt.
1st. Mash two barrels per quarter, at 1800; mash three quarters of an
hour, let it stand one hour, and allow half an hour to run off the wort
2d. Mash one barrel per quarter, at 1830; mash three quarters of ai,
hour, let it stand three quarters of an hour, and tap as before.
3d. Mash one barrel per quarter, at 1700; mash half an hour, let it stand
half an hour, and tap as before.
The first and second'kort may be mixed together, boiling them about an
hour or an hour and a quarter, with a quantity of hops proportioned to the
time the beer is intended to be kept. The first two may be mixed at the
heat of 600 in the gyle tun, and the second should be fermented separately
for small-beer. The best hops should also be used, in the proportion of
about four pounds for every quarter of malt employed.
Edinburgh Lozenges.
Extract of poppies, 1 part; lump-sugar, 8 parts. Thick mucilage to mix.
Egg Powder Test.
Take white of egg, evaporate it by a gentle heat until hard, then powder.
Oil of Eggs.
1. Raw yolks, 1 part; water, 2 parts. Beat them together, then add
alcohol, 1 part, and let it stand until the oil floats on the top, then carefully take it off.
2. Heat the yolks in an iron vessel until the oil begins to exude, then
apply pressure. Ten to twelve eggs yield one ounce of oil.
Portable Eggs.
Take fresh laid eggs, any quantity, break them into an evaporating ba.
sin, and expose them to a heat of 1250 Fahr. in a water-bath, until hard,
then pack them in air-tight vessels. For use, take cold water, 3 parts;
dried egg, 1 part. Beat them well together.
To obtain Pure Elaine.
Olive oil, 1 part; alcohol, 9 parts. Mix and heat to the boiling point,
in a close vessel, then allow it to cool, and place it in a freezing mixture
until the whole of the stearine is deposited, then decant the clear and distil
off the alcohol in a water-bath, the remainder will be pure elaine. This
elaine or pure oil will not freeze in frosty weather, and neither thickens no=
corrodes when applied to metals. It is a perfect cure for " lame" chrono.
meters, watches, &c.
Elder-flower Water.
Take elder flowers, I cwt.; water, 50 gallons. Draw off forty-four g d
Ions.




ï~~PRACTICAL  RECEIPTS.

159

Egyptian Marble for Leather Book-Covers.
1. Yellow. Boil quercitron bark with water and a little powdered alum,
c 'er a slow fire, until it is a good strong yellow. Pour the liquid into a
broad vessel, sufficiently large to contain the cover when extended. Before
the liquid is cool, take the dry cover, and lay the grain side flat on the colour; press it lightly that the whole may receive the liquid: let it soak
some time, and then take it from the vessel. The book must be covered
in the usual manner, and permitted to dry from the fire. Glaire the book;
when dry, place it between the wands; take a sponge and water, and press
large spots thereon; dip a quill-top into the vinegar black, with it touch
the water on the cover in different parts, which will have a fine effect when
managed with care. Let it stand a few minutes, then take off the water
with a clean sponge.
2. Green. Colour the cover in a large vessel, as mentioned before, with
Scott's liquid blue; when done, put it into a vessel of clear water for an
hour. Take it out and press out the water, then cover the book. Glaire
the cover; when dry, place it between wands, and drop weak potash water from a sponge thereon; dip the quill-top into the strong black, and
touch the water with it. This must be repeated till you have a good black.
When dry, clear it with a sponge and water.
3. Red. Boil Brazil dust in rain-water on a slow fire, with a little powdered alum and a few drops of solution of tin, till a good colour is produced.
Dip a piece of calf leather into the liquid, and you may ascertain the colour
wanted. If too light, let it boil till it is reduced to one half of the quantity;
take it from the fire, add a few more drops of the solution of tin, and pour it
into a large vessel. Put the dry cover on the liquid, and let it remain for a
quarter of an hour, then press out the water. Colour it over with a sponge
and the quercitron bark water, and cover the book. Glaire the cover, place
it between wands, dash on water with a brush, also potash-water; and,
lastly, finish it with the strong vinegar black, with the quill-top. Observe
that too much black is not put on; the intention of the marble is to show
the red as transparently as possible.
Alkalized Elderberry Paper.
Take elderberry paper and brush it over with a solution of ammonia.
Elderberry Wine.
Cold soft water, 20 gallons; Malaga raisins, 56 pounds; elderberries, 5
gallons; red tartar (dissolved), 8 ounces. Boil and ferment, then add spirit,
2 gallons; cloves, mace and cassia, each, J ounce; ginger, 1j ounce,
dry lemon-peel, 11 ounce; dry orange-peel, 14 ounce.
Oil of Elder Flowers.
Elder flowers, 1 part; rape oil, 4 parts. Pour the oil, hot, on the flowers,
and macerate for one week, then express the oil.
Elder or Green Ointment.
Lard, 90 pounds; elder leaves, 28 pounds. Boil until the leaves are
trisp; strain, and add suet, 20 pounds; water, 1 gallon. Stir until cold
if not sufficiently bright coloured, add powdered verdigris as required.




ï~~160

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS

Cheap Elder or Green Ointment.
Lard, 1 cwt.; brown resin, 20 pounds; suet, 50 pounds; verdigris to
colour. Melt, then add water, 3 gallons. Stir until cold.
Elder or Green Oil.
Elder leaves, I part; rape oil, 3 parts. Boil until of a proper colour,
then express the oil.
Factitious Elder or Green Oil.
Rape oil, 1 gallon; powdered verdigris, 1 ounce. Boil until sufficiently
coloured.
Ointment of Gum Elemi.
1. Suet, 4 pounds; gum elemi, 2 pounds; turpentine, 1 pound; sweet
oil, 6 ounces. Mix, with heat.
2. Elemi, 1 pound; white wax, 2 pound; lard, 4 pounds. Mix.
Elephant's Milk.
Benjamin, 4 pound; spirit of wine, 2 gallons; balsam of tolu, 1 ounce.
Dissolve, then add sugar, 20 pounds, dissolved in 3 gallons of watei. Mix
well, and strain.
To clean Embroidery and Gold Lace.
For this purpose no alkaline liquors are to be used; for while they clean
the gold, they corrode the silk, and change its colour. Soap also alters the
shade, and even the species of certain colours. But spirit of wine may be
used without any danger of its injuring either colour or quality; and, in
many cases, proves as effectual for restoring the lustre of the gold, as the
corrosive detergents. But, though spirit of wine is the most innocent material employed for this purpose, it is not in all cases proper. The golden
covering may be in some parts worn off; or the base metal, with which it
has been alloyed, may be corroded by the air, so as to leave the particles of
the gold disunited; while the silver underneath, tarnished to a yellow hue,
may continue a tolerable colour to the whole, so it is apparent that the removal of the tarnish would be prejudicial, and make the lace or embroidery
less like gold than it was before.
Factitious Emerald.
1. Oxide of chrome, 1 part; green oxide of copper, 20 parts; strass.
2300 parts. Fuse with care for 26 hours, then cool slowly.
2. Strass, 10,000 parts; acetate of copper, 150 parts; protoxide of iron,
3 parts. As before.
3. Strass, 6600 parts; carbonate of copper, 60 parts; glass of antimony, 6 parts. Fuse with care.
4. Strass, 500 parts; glass of antimony, 20 parts; oxide of cobalt, J
parts. As before.
Emetic Cups.
Cups made of antimony, (regulus,) or an alloy of antimony and tin ia
equal proportions, (regulus Jovis.) Wine placed in these cups for ten or
twelve hours, becomes emetic. A very uncertain and dangerous way of
preparing emetic wine.




ï~~PRACTICAL  RECEIPTS.

161

Indian Rubber Water-proof, for Boots and Shoes.
Spermaceti, 4 parts; Indian rubber (small), 1 part. Melt with a gentle
meat, then add tallow or lard, 10 parts; amber or copal varnish, 5 parts.
Well mix and apply the composition to the leather with a paint-brush.
Cut the rubber into very small pieces, and let it take its time to disoolve,
say four or five hours.
Metallic Anatomical Injection.
Bismuth, 5 parts; tin, 2 parts; lead, 3 parts; quicksilver to render it
fusible at the required temperature.
Ipecacuanha Lozenges.
Sugar four pounds, ipecacuanha one ounce, apothecaries' weight, dissolved gum sufficient to make a paste. Make 960 lozenges, each containing
half a grain of ipecacuanha. An expectorant and stomachic, used in coughs.
Indian Ink.
1. Take finest lamp-black, and make it into a thick paste with thin
isinglass; size, then mould it, attach the gold-leaf, and scent with a little
essence of musk.
2. Take lamp-black, make it into a thick paste with gum-water, and
mould it.
Black Ink.
1. Blue galls (bruised), 28 pounds; water, 20 gallons. Boil for one
hour, draw off the clear, and add to the galls water, 15 gallons. Simmer
for one hour more, draw off the liquor and mix it with the first; (the two
together should be about twenty-eight gallons); put this decoction into a
barrel, then add powdered green copperas, 8 pounds; gum Senegal, 10
pounds. Bung close and agitate every day for a week; lastly, let it settle
for use.
2. Bruised galls,   cwt. Put them into a hogshead and add water, 60
gallons. Agitate occasionally for two or three days, then add gum, 20
pounds. Macerate with agitation for two or three days longer, and add
green copperas (powdered), 20 pounds. Bung close, repeat the previous
treatment for a week, and let it settle for use. Both this and the preceding
receipt produce the most durable black ink that can be made.
3. Galls (bruised), 14 pounds; chipped logwood, 15 pounds; water, 30
gallons; powdered green copperas, 7 pounds; gum, 7 pounds. Put them
snto a barrel, bung close, and macerate with occasional agitation for one
week, then let it settle for use.
4. Logwood chips, - cwt.; copperas, 5 pounds; alum, 2 pounds; gum
Senegal, 7 pounds; water to make a barrel. This ink is very limpid, and
&as a pleasing colour, but is not so durable as either of the preceding.
Exchequer Ink.
Bruised Aleppo galls, 1 cwt.; gum, - cwt.; chipped logwood, - cwt.
S4)pperas,   cwt.; water (soft), 120 gallons. Pour the water boiling hot,. the galls and logwood, and steep for twenty days, then add the gum,.d the next day the copperas; or boil the galls and logwood in the water
fo. one hour, then add the gum, and lastly the copperas. This ink will
preserve its colour for centuries.
140




ï~~t62

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Indestructible Ink.
1. Powdered copal, 25 parts; oil of lavender, 200 parts; lamp-black,
2 parts; indigo, 1 part. Dissolve.
2. Asphaltum, 1 part; lamp-black, j part. Melt, then add oil prepared
for printers' ink, by boiling and burning until sufficiently stringy, 1J part.
Mix together, and add spirits of turpentine, 3 or 4 parts. We would
propose this ink, made with less turpentine, so as to be sufficiently thick
for stamping, as the most perfect preventive of fraud, as when applied to
the surface of an engraving, or letter-press, nothing will remove it that will
not also discharge the ink of the stamp. It will stand the action of the
alkalies, chlorine, acids, &c., even in a heated state, when they will at
once destroy the texture of the paper.
Sympathetic Ink.
1. A dilute solution of nitro-muriate of cobalt. When heated, the
writing performed with this ink assumes a fine green colour and disappears
again when cooled.
2. An acetic solution of oxide of cobalt, to which add a little nitre.
On exposing writing performed with the above to heat, it will assume a
fine rose colour, which disappears on cooling.
3. Sal ammoniac, sulphate of copper, equal parts; water sufficient. This
assumes a yellow colour when heated, and, like the preceding, disappears
when cooled.
To Prevent Mould in Ink.
Alcohol, 1 pint; oil of cloves, I ounce. Mix, and add a few drops to
the ink.
To Remove Oiliness from Ink.
Add a little ox-gall and vinegar to the ink. This is Carstair's plan.
Indelible Ink, for Marking Linen.
1. The juice of iloes, 1 pint; gum, J ounce. This requires no mordant, and is very durable.
2. Nitrate of silver, 1 part; water, 6 parts; gum, I part. Dissolve
If too thick, dilute with warm soft water.
To Destroy Insects, on Trees, Shrubs, (4c.
Tie up some flowers of sulphur in a piece of gauze, and dust the plants
with it.
Iodic Acid.
Iodine; water to dissolve. Then pass gaseous chlorine through the so
tution until it becomes colourless.
To Collect and Preserve Leaves.
Collect leaves just before the opening of the flowers; and if from biennial narcotic plants, they should be of the second year's growth. They
should then be scattered over paper trays, and dried in a heat of from 880
to 1300 Fahr.; when dry, sift off the dust and dirt. Only the perfect
leaves should be preserved.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

163

Pure Crystallized Lemon Acid.
Take lemon-juice, any quantity. Put it into a vessel of china, glass, or
wood, and add finely-powdered chalk until the whole of the acid is saturated, noting the exact weight of the dry chalk employed; then collect the
precipitate and well wash it with water, and for every ten parts of chalk
consumed, add sulphuric acid, 9  parts; diluted with water, 60 parts.
Mix while still warm with the precipitate, and stir well together; let them
remain for twelve hours; then decant the clear, wash the white powder
with clear water, and mix the two liquors; lastly, strain, evaporate, and
crystallize. To purify it, repeat the operation of washing the crystals,
dissolving and crystallizing two or three times. Great care must be used in
evaporating the solution, for if too much heat should be employed, or the
process carried too far, the acid product will be injured.
Lemonade.
White sugar, 1 pound; tartaric acid, I ounce; essence of lemon, 30
drops; water, 3 quarts. Mix.
Effervescing Lemonade.
Tartaric acid, 50 parts, bicarbonate of soda, 30 parts; powdered lumpsugar, 200 parts; essence of lemon to flavour. Mix in fine powder and
keep it dry, if for powders; but if for bottling, put it into a soda-water
bottle, and fill it up with water; cork down as quick as possible. This
may also be made in the same way as soda-water, only adding the extra
articles.
Portable Lemonade.
1. Tartaric acid, 1 ounce; white sugar, 5 pounds; essence of lemon,
ounce. Powder, and keep dry for use. A dessert-spoonful will make a
tumbler of lemonade.
2. Tartaric acid, 1 part; powdered white sugar, 90 parts; essence of
lemon to flavour. Mix, and keep it in a bottle; for use, put one full tea
spoonful into a glass of water, and stir it until dissolved.
Portable AErated Lemonade.
Essence of lemon, I part; lump-sugar (powdered), 160 parts; bicarbonate of soda, 15 parts. Mix, and divide into three-drachm papers (white),
then tartaric acid, 20 parts, and divide it into the same number of papers
(blue).
Lemon Brandy.
Proof-spirit, 70 gallons; essence of lemon, 3 ounces; sugar, 50 pounds.
dissolved in water, 20 gallons. Mix, and rummage repeatedly for fourteen
days.
Lemon Drops.
1. Sugar, 2 pounds; tartaric acid, J ounce; essence of lemon, 20 drops
Make a saturated syrup with one half the sugar and acid, then add the
other half with the essence, and form into drops.
2. Sugar, 7 pounds; essence of lemon, 1 drachm; sulphuric acid to
acidify. Manage as before.




ï~~164

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Lemon Cordial.
Essence of lemon, 2 ounces; proof-spirit, 25 gallons. Mix, and agitate
well, then add sugar, 50 pounds; dissolved in water, 20 gallons. Mix
well, and fine with eggs.
Factitious Lemon-Juice.
Pale or lump-sugar, 13 pound; tartaric acid, 1 ounce (more or less);
water (hot), 1 gallon; essence of lemon, 1 drachm. Mix well together in
a close vessel, and frequently shake for one day.
Candied Lemon-Peel.
Take lemon-peels and boil them in syrup, then take them out and dry
them.
Essence of Lemon-Peel.
Alcohol, 1 pound; oil of lemons, 6 drachms. Mix.
Lemon-Peel Water.
Lemon-peel (fresh), 1 cwt.; water, 80 gallons. Distil off seventy-five
gallons.
Lemon Pickle.
1. Vinegar, 1 gallon; salt, 1 pound; garlic, 1 ounce; horse-radish, 1
ounce; cloves, 3 drachms; mace, 3 drachms; nutmegs, 3 drachms; cayenne, 3 drachms; essence of lemon, 2 drachms. Pour the vinegar (boiling) on the other articles, in a jar, then cork it and macerate for a month.
2. Lemon-juice, 4 gallons; vinegar, 4 gallons; ginger, 16 ounces
allspice, 14 ounces; black pepper, 11 ounces; lemon-peel (grated), 10
ounces; bird pepper, 2 ounces; mace, 2 ounces; nutmeg, 2 ounces. Macerate for one month, then strain.
3. Lemon-juice, vinegar, equal parts. Essence of lemon, salt, and spice,
to palate.
Essential Salt of Lemons.
1. Superoxalate of potash, supertartrate of potash, equal quantities. Mix.
This composition is poisonous.
2. Cream of tartar, 1 part; oxalic acid, 1 part; salt of sorel, 1 part.
Mix in fine powder. Poison.
Lemon Sugar.
Tartaric acid, 4 ounces; white sugar, 7 pounds; essence of lemon, 3
drachms. Mix, and well rub together.
Lemon Wine.
Sugar, 60 pounds; raisins (bruised), 15 pounds; water, 30 gallons.
Boil, then add cider, 15 gallons. Ferment, and add spirit, 3 gallons; white
tartar, 12 ounces; essence of lemon, 2 ounces; finings, 1 pint. Observe
to shake the essence, with a pint of the spirit, until it becomes milky, before
ddding it to the wine.
Jelly of Alum, or Hydrate of Alumina.
Take a solution of alum, and precipitate the alumina with a solution (4
ammonia.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

165

To Disinfect Letters, 4.c.
Expose them to the fumes of chloride of lime, or burning sulphur.
Astringent Injection for Leucorrhcea.
1. Compound solution of alum, 6 drachms; water, 1 quart. Mix, and
use it lukewarm.
2. Sugar of lead, 60 grains; water, 1 quart. Mix.
3. Catechu, 1 drachm; myrrh, 1 drachm; lime-water, 12 ounces. Mia
and dilute with water.
4. Nitrate of silver, 35 grains; water, 1 quart. Mix.
5. Sulphate of zinc, 40 grains; water, 1 quart. Mix.
To Escape the Effects of Lightning.
1. Avoid standing under trees, to escape from the rain during a thunder
storm, but boldly expose yourself to the wet; it will preserve you from the
lightning.
2. Avoid standing close to any metallic bodies, as lead pipes or iron
railings, &c.
3. When in doors during a thunder-storm, sit or stand as near to the
middle of the room as convenient; avoid standing at the window, or sitting
near the wall.
To Produce Artificial Lightning.
1. Take the pollen of club-moss (lycopodium), and scatter it rapidly and
extensively over the flame of a candle.
2. Finely powdered resin, 5 parts; finely powdered gunpowder, I part.
Mix, and use it as above.
Light Red.
Take yellow ochre; calcine it until of the required tint.
Light Phial, for seeing the Time by a Watch at Night.
Dry phosphorus, 1 part; olive oil, 6 parts. Put them into a phial, cork
it, and place it in warm water for two or three hours. For use, pull out
the cork, and sufficient light will be emitted to enable you to see the time
by a watch. One bottle will last for years if well corked as soon as used.
Ether may be employed instead of olive oil.
Oil of (Factitious) Lilies.
1. Rape oil, 1 gallon; simple syrup, 4 ounces. Well mix.
2. Rape oil, 1 gallon; rasped parsnips, 8 ounces. Steep for a few days.
Rtape oil is usually sold for this article.
Lime Water.
Quicklime, 1 part; water, 16 parts. Mix, and after a short time well
shake the vessel, then let it stand to settle, and decant the clear. This
article should be both made and kept in a close vessel.
Limpidum, for adapting Common Ink to Steel Pens.
Lump-sugar, 2 parts; ox-gall to make into a paste. Mix, dry slowly
and powder fine.




ï~~166

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Factitious Linseed Oil.
Fish or vegetable oil, 100 gallons; acetate of lead, 7 pounds; litharge,
1 pounds; dissolved in vinegar, 2 gallons. Well mix with heat, then add
boiled oil, 7 gallons; turpentine, 1 gallon. Again well mix.
To render Linen and Cloth Water-proof
Boiled oil, 25 parts; bees'-wax, 2 parts; litharge, 2 parts; lamp-black,
2 parts. Mix, and use it at discretion. Any other colour may be used
instead of lamp-black.
Lip-Salve a la Rose.
Alkanet root, 1 ounce; olive oil, 12 ounces. Digest with a gentle heat,
when add suet, 16 ounces; lard, 8 ounces. Strain, and while cooling, stir
in rose-water, 3 ounces; ottar of roses, 3 drops.
Carnation Lip-Salve.
Olive oil, 1 pound; alkanet root, I ounce or less. Macerate with heat
until the oil is well coloured, then add white wax, 6 ounces; spermaceti, 6
ounces; oil of lavender, 30 drops; essence of bergamot, 1 drachm.
Red Lip-Salve.
1. Olive oil, 1 pound; root alkanet, 2 ounces or less. Macerate with
heat until the oil is well coloured, then add spermaceti, 2 ounces; white
wax, 8 ounces; suet (prepared), 12 ounces. When nearly cold, stir in
orange-flower water, 1 ounce; oil of lavender, I drachm.
2. Prepared suet, 1 pound; prepared lard, 1 pound; alkanet root, 2
ounces. Macerate in a gentle heat until sufficiently coloured, then cool a
little, and stir in rose-water, 6 ounces; oil of lavender, 10 drops; essence
of neroli, 10 drops; essence of lemon, 10 drops; essence of bergamot, 10
drops.
White Lip-Salve.
1. Prepared suet, 1 pound; prepared lard, 1 pound. Melt, and, when
cooling, stir in rose-water, 4 ounces; oil of rhodium, 2 drops; oil of cloves,
5 drops. Or other scent, to taste.
2. Olive oil, 1 pound; spermaceti, 1 pound; white wax, 1 pound; prepared lard, 1 pound. Melt, and, while cooling, stir in rose-water, 8 ounces;
essence of lemon, 2 drachms; bergamot, 2 drachms.
3. Lard, 1 pound; suet, 1 pound. Melt and strain, then, while cooling,
stir in a little perfume.
Liqueur Orgeat.
Take of blanched almonds half a pound, and mash them in a mortar,
one drachm of the oil of bitter almonds, half a drachm of the oil of Seville
orange-peel, one quart of syrup, and three quarts of clean spirits forty under
broof. Kill the oils in spirits of wine, and mix all together.
Linseed Lozenges.
Lump-sugar; mucilage, or decoction of linseed, to mix.
Jeweller's Metal.
Copper, 30 parts; brass, 10 parts; tin, 7 parts. Mix.




ï~~167

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Remedy for Botts.
First drench your horse with sweet milk and molasses. Second, in a
reasonable time drench him again with a quart of beef brine. Alum water is good: so is saltpetre water. A purge should always be given soon
after the drench. A strong solution of salt and water, with a little alum,
would perhaps be as good as the brine.
Hooks or Haws.
Never cut the caruncle if it can be removed otherwise by bleeding and
purging, which will reduce the fever and remove the disease.
Stone or Gravel in the Bladder.
Take gravel root (if it can be had) and make into a tea, and give to
drink night and morning until the disease is removed; or make a drench
of marsh-mallows, water-melon seed, and asparagus, of each two large
handfuls, boil them in three quarts of water down to one quart, adding a
tea-spoonful of nitre. It should be strained. The sheath and penis should
be well washed and greased, and gently rubbed, in order to excite the
bladder.
Remedy for Colic or Gripes in Horses.
After bleeding from the neck, drench with the following mixture. Laudanum, 1 ounce; of mint tea, warm, 1 quart. Mix. After which give
an injection made of warm water, salt, meal, hog's lard, and molasses.
Another.
Drench with a solution made as follows. Camphor, 4 ounce; oil of turpentine, J ounce; mint tea, warm, 1 pint. Cover the horse with blankets,
and use every means to get him into a sweat.
Remedy for Scratches in Horses.
Wash with strong soap-suds, then with strong copperas-water. Repeat
this twice a day until he is cured: for a daily drink give sassafras or spicewood tea, or a little saltpetre dissolved in his drink. Some recommend the
juice of Jamestown weed, or a decoction of red oak bark; others, spirits
of turpentine, or blue-stone water, greasing after with hog's lard. Pokeroot is also good. But by all means keep the horse's feet clean.
Remedy in Botts and Grubs.
This disease is easily known, by the horse's inclination to lay down, his
looking round to his sides, he groans, he whips his tail between his legs,
is feverish (to discover feel his ears), and frequently turns up his upper lip.
Take copperas, 2 spoonfuls; warm water, 1 pint. Dissolve and drench.
Repeat if necessary, or drench with linseed oil, or with equal parts of milk
and molasses, always repeating if the animal is not apparently better in
half an hour.
Another.
Take fresh meat (raw), and in small pieces force it down the throat
or give the horse in his food two ounces of 'Ethiop's mineral; in twe
days give a purge; and to prevent their return give a decoction of bitter
hcrt s.




ï~~16R

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Strangles.
Feed with light, cooling (green if it can be had) food; mix the food
with sassafras tea, in the which a spoonful of powdered sulphur and a teaspoonful of saltpetre has been added. Assafcetida tied in a rag and placed
in the watering bucket, another in like manner placed in the manger, is
highly recommended.
Yellow Water.
Gentle exercise, a clean stable, and a little blood taken. For a drench
give him, in decoction, one ounce of assaftetida; spirit of camphor, four
table-spoonfuls; warm water, one pint. Mix. To be repeated for three
or four mornings in succession. Give in six quarts of mashed bran of
flour of sulphur, one table-spoonful, of antimony and saltpetre, each twenty
grains. The bran is to be mixed with sassafras tea, scalding hot, and this
food is to be given three times a week, and never suffer the horse to drink
cold water. It ought to be about milk-warm.
To make Hens lay perpetually.
Give your hens half an ounce of fresh meat each, chopped fine, once a
day, while the ground is frozen, and they cannot get worms or insects;
allow no cocks to run with them, and they will lay perpetually. Try it.
They also require plenty of grain, water, gravel, and lime.
Blisters for Horses.
Spanish flies, half an ounce; oil of turpentine, one ounce; hog's lard,
one quarter of a pound. Mix.
Another.
Tar, one quarter of a pound; vitriolic acid, two drachms; oil of origanum, half an ounce; hog's lard, two ounces; Spanish flies, two ounces.
Good for spavin.
Fomentations, or Poultices.
Bran, two quarts; hot vinegar, onepint; hog's lard, two ounces. Mix.
Another.
Make a poultice of a strong decoction of red oak bark and Indian meal.
Another.
Make a poultice thus: Vinegar, one pint; meal, two quarts; hog's lard.
four ounces. Boiling water sufficient to mix.
To put Black Spots on a White Horse.
Lime (quick), powdered, half a pound; litharge, four ounces. Well
beat and mix the litharge with the lime. The above to be put into a vessel and a sharp ley is to be poured over it. Boil and skim off the substance which rises on the surface. This is the colouring matter, which
must be applied to such parts of the animal as you wish to have dyed black.
Red hair may be dyed black with a very similar composition. Thus, boil
four ounces of lime with four ounces of litharge, in fresh water; the scum
that rises will have the same effect. If the hair be entirely free from grease;
one night will be sufficient to stain it black.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

169

Clysters for Animals.
c. Salt, twelve ounces; warm water, one gallon; olive oil, one quartel
wo a pound. Mix.
2. Warm, thin gruel made of corn-meal.
To preserve Fruit.
1. Pick the fruit from the stems and put it into bottles, which must be
quite filled; place the corks loosely in them, and set them upright in a
pan of warm water; place them on the fire, and heat the water until it
nearly boils; let them stand fifteen minutes, then fill each bottle within an
inch of the cork with boiling water; cork tight, and let them cool. Pack
them on their sides to keep the corks moist. The fruit is better when not
quite ripe; in this case it will keep two or three years.
2. Take the fruit, hardly ripe, and put it into bottles, and fill them with
good spirit or brandy. In this way any fruit may be preserved whole.
To preserve Fruit with Sugar.
Clarified syrup boiled to a weak candy height, and pour it hot on the
fruit; let it stand for twenty-four hours, then pour off the syrup, and again
concentrate it by heat, to the same consistence as before; lastly, pour it on
the fruit in wide-mouthed bottles or jars, and bung close. Should the fruit
ne very succulent, it should be previously soaked in weak alum-water and
drained.
To keep Insects off Fruit Trees, c-c.
Dip a piece of rag or canvass in coal tar and tie it to the tree.
Remedy for Poisoning from Fungi.
Ether, 2 drichms; tincture of capsicum, 1 drachm. Mix and divide
into two doses. First, induce vomiting, and administer some active clyster, then give the above at intervals of half an hour, in a little warm fluid.
Furniture Balls.
Yellow resin, 1 part; yellow wax, 9 parts; add them in a melted state
to linseed oil, 7 parts. Previously coloured by heating for some hours over
alkanet root, 1 part. Make into balls of a convenient size.
Furniture Cream.
1. Pearlash, 1 ounce; water, 8 ounces; beeswax (genuine), 6 ounces.
Mix with heat, and add sufficient water to reduce it to the consistence of
cream. For use, add more water, and spread it on the wood with a painter's brush; let it dry, and polish with a hard brush or cloth. If white
wax is used, it may be applied to polish plaster casts, statues, and the like.
2. Beeswax, 3 ounces; pearlash, 2 ounces; water, 6 ounces. Melt
with heat, and add boiled oil, 4 ounces; oil of turpentine, 5 ounces. Mix.
Furniture Oil.
1. Alkanet root, 1 part; shell lac varnish, 4 parts; linseed oil, 16
parts; turps, 2 parts; wax, 2 parts. Mix, and let them stand together  r
a week.
2. Beeswax, 3 parts, alkanet, 1 part; turpentine, 3 parts; boiled on,
12 parts. Mix, with heat.
15




ï~~170

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Furniture Paste.
1. Beeswax, 1 part; oil of turpentine, 1 part; boiled oil, I part  Mix
with heat. Colour with alkanet.
2. Yellow wax, 16 parts; resin, 1 part; alkanet root, 1 part; turpen
tine, 6 parts; linseed oil, 6 parts. First steep the alkanet ir the oil with
heat; and, when well coloured, pour off the clear on the other ingredients
and again apply heat until they are all dissolved.
Furniture Varnish.
White wax, 15 ounces; yellow resin, 1 ounce, powdered; spirits of
turpentine, 1 quart. Digest until dissolved. Lay it on with a brush oi
cloth, and well polish with a clean piece of woollen.
To preserve Furs from Moths, 4.c.
Wrap up a few cloves or peppercorns with them, when you put them
away for any length of time, and always keep them in a dry place.
Fusible Alloy.
1. Bismuth, 8 parts; lead, 5 parts; tin, 3 parts. This is fusible at the
heat of boiling water.
2. Zinc, lead, and bismuth, equal parts. This may be fused in a bit of
writing paper, and will melt even in hot water.
3. Lead, 3 parts; tin, 2 parts; bismuth, 5 parts. Mix. This alloy
melts at 1970 Fahr. In using this composition to take casts of seals, gems,
&c., it should be employed at the lowest possible temperature at which it
will keep fluid; for this purpose we may let it become pasty, and then forcibly impress the substances together.
4. Bismuth, 2 parts; tin, 3 parts; lead, 5 parts. Melt. This alloy
fuses in boiling water.
To make a Mash.
Bran, 1 gallon; powdered brimstone, 1 ounce; saltpetre, 1 tea-spoon
ful; sassafras tea (scalding hot), 1 quart. Mix.
Another way.
Sulphur, in powder, 1 tea-spoonful; an equal quantity of saltpetre; oats
1 gallon; boiling water, 1 quart. Mix.
Another Mash.
Bran, 1 gallon; glauber salts, I pound; sulphur, 1 table-spoonful; sassafras tea, boiling hot, 1 quart. Mix. No drink to be given for six hours.
Salt, Lime, and Peat.
Take one bushel of salt and one cask of lime. Slack the lime with the
brmine made by dissolving the salt in water sufficient to make a stiff paste
with the lime, which will not be quite sufficient to dissolve all the salt.
Mix all the materials then well together in a heap for ten days, and then
be well mixed with three cords of peat; shovel well over for about six
weeks, and it will be fit for use. Here, then, are produced three cords of
manure, for about the cost of $2 10 cents per cord:-Salt, 60 cents; lime
$1 20 cents; peat, $4 50 cents-$6 30.-3)$6 30($2 10.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

171

Tar
For greasing wagons, we think an absurd article. In the hottest wea
ther it soon gums up and becomes adhesive, and in cold weather is always
so. Wherever iron axle-trees are used, black-lead mixed with grease a
best-or flour mixed with lard.
7bTo preserve Fruit whole.
Put them into wide-mouthed bottles, fill them up with clarified saturated
syrup, put them into water in a copper, and when it boils, cork them tight
and keep them in a cold place. A small quantity of spirit added to eact
bottle will prevent fermentation.
Factitious Galbanum.
Galbanum, 7 pounds; Burgundy pitch, 3 pounds; yellow resin 2 pounds1
spirits of turpentine, J pound. Mix.
Factitious Strained Galbanum.
Galbanum, 2 pounds; resin, 2 pounds; Burgundy pitch, 2 pounds
assafoetida,   pound; sagepenum, j pound; spirits of turpentine, 1 pound;
water, 1 pound. Melt the gums, cool a little, and then stir in the turpentine and water.
Galbanam Plaster.
Simple dyachylon, 9 pounds; galbanum, 2 pounds; yelllow wax, 1
pound. Mix.
Prepared Ox Gall.
Take the gall, let it stand for a few days and then pour off the clear.
Factitious Garnet or Ancient Carbuncle.
1. Oxide of manganese, I part; purple of cassius, 1 part; glass of antimony, 128 parts; paste or strass, 260 parts. Fuse carefully for thirty
hours and cool slowly.
2. Strass or pure white paste, 1000 parts; glass of antimony, 498 parts;
manganese, 14 parts; powder of cassius, 1.parts. As before.
3. Plain paste, 1000 parts; glass of antimony, 500 parts; manganese,
5 parts; purple of cassius, 5 parts.
To choose Geese.
A young goose has a yellow bill, if red it is a sign of age; if fresh, the
feet will be pliable, but stale if stiff and dry.
Gentianine.
Take powdered gentian-root, digest it in ether for 48 hours, filter and
evaporate to the consistence of an extract, then add alcohol until it no
longer becomes coloured; evaporate to dryness, redissolve in weak alcohol,
filter and again evaporate; then dissolve in water, filter, and add a little
magnesia; boil, filter, digest the sediment in ether and evaporate to dryness. Aromatic bitter. Dose-1  to 2- grains.
German Silver.
Nickel, 1 part; zinc, I part; copper, 2 parts. This alloy forms an
excellent substitute for silver.




ï~~172

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

German Paste. (For Birds.)
Oatmeal, 25 parts; sweet almonds, 6 parts; rape oil, 2 parts; sugar, 1
part; caraways, 1 part; a little saffron. Make into a paste and granulate
through a sieve.
Fine White German Silver.
Iron, 1 part; nickel, 10 parts; zinc, 10 parts; copper, 20 parts. Mix.
German Silver for Castings, 4-c.
Lead, 3 parts; nickel, 20 parts; zinc, 20 parts; copper, 60 parts. Mix.
German Silver for Rolling.
Nickel, 5 parts; zinc, 4 parts; copper, 12 parts. Mix.
Genuine German Silver.
Copper, 401 parts; nickel, 311 parts; zinc, 251 parts; iron, 2j parts
-100. Mix.
German White Lead.
Pure white lead, 1 part; sulphate of barytes, 2 parts. Mix.
To Gild Copper, Brass, 4fc. (Patent.)
Fine gold, 5 parts; nitric acid (sp. g. 1.45), 21 parts; hydrochloric acid
(sp. g. 1.15), 17 parts; pure water, 14 parts. Digest with heat in a glass
vessel until all the gold is dissolved, andtill ted or yellow fumes cease to
-ise. Decant the clear liquid into some convenient vessel, and add water,
500 to 600 parts. Boil for two hours, let it stand to settle and pour off
the clear into a suitable vessel. For use, heat the liquid and suspend the
articles (previously well cleaned) by means of a hair or fine wire, until sufficiently coated with gold, then well wash them in pure water.
Lice on Cattle.
1. Mercurial ointment rubbed on the animal from the crown of the head
to the root of the tail, down the back-bone, will effectually kill lice in a
day or two. This, however, is a dangerous remedy to use, unless the animal is kept in the stable, and requires great care to preserve him from the
effects of cold and wet.
2. Corrosive sublimate is another effectual remedy. This is to be applied as before prescribed, but, like No. 1, is dangerous.
3. A strong decoction of larkspur is also a sure and safe remedy. This
should be applied as recommended for No. 1.
4. Spirits of turpentine is also a sure remedy. It should be applied as
No. 1.
5. A decoction of tobacco, applied as No. 1, will destroy the lice.
6. A mixture of Scotch snuff and fish oil, rubbed on the affected parts,
will destroy the lice.
7. A mixture of soft soap and Scotch snuff, well rubbed on the parts,
will also eradicate them.
As an auxiliary to whatever remedy may be used, the currycomb and
brush should be freely applied, after a day or two, in order that the hide
and hair of the animal may be kept clean. No animal which is well fed.
and daily curried and brushed, will either breed or retain lice; the latter
operation, however, few who have much stock can reguLarly attend to.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.                          173
Varnish for Gilded Articles.
Gum lac, gamboge, dragon's blood, annotto, each 4 parts; saffron, 1
part. Dissolve each resin separately in eight parts of alcohol, and make
separate tincture with the dragon's blood and annotto, also in eight parts
of alcohol each, then mix the former together and add a sufficient quantity of the tinctures to give the required shade and colour to the varnish.
Gilder's Wax.
1. Yellow wax, 3 pounds; verdigris, 1 pound; sulphate of zinc, I
pound; red oxide of iron, 2k pounds. Powder the last three articles very
fine.
2. Yellow wax, 7 pounds; colcothar, 7 pounds; verdigris, 3 pounds;
borax, 4 pound; alum, - pound.
Gin.
Take 100 gallons of clean, rectified spirits; add, after you have killed
the oils well, 1I ounces of the oil of English juniper, J ounce of angelicaessence, k ounce of the oil of bitter almonds, I ounce of the oil of coriander, and - ounce of the oil of caraway; put this into the rectified spirit
and well rummage it up: this is what the rectifiers call strong gin.
To make this up, as it is called by the trade, add 45 pounds of loaf-sugar, dissolved; then rummage the whole well up together with 4 ounces
of roche alum. For finings, there may be added two ounces of salts of
tartar.
Cordial Gin.
Of the oil of bitter almonds, vitriol, turpentine, and juniper, J a drachm
each; kill the oils in spirits of wine: 15 gallons of clean, rectified proof.
spirits, to which add 1 drachm of coriander seeds, 1 drachm of pulverized
orris root, k pint of elder-flower water, with 10 pounds of sugar and 5
gallons of water or liquor.
English Gin.
Plain malt spirit, 100 gallons; spirits of turpentine, 1 pint; bay salt,
7 pounds. Mix and distil. The difference in the flavour of gin is produced by varying the proportion of turpentine, and by occasionally adding
a small quantity of juniper-berries.
Ginger Beer.
Bruised ginger, 2 ounces; water, 5 gallons. Boil for one hour, then
add, when sufficiently cool, lump-sugar, 32 pounds; cream of tartar, 1i
ounce; essence of lemon, 1 drachm; yeast, J pint. Strain, bottle, and
wire down the corks.
2. Loaf-sugar, t pound; rasped ginger, 1 ounce; cream of tartar,
ounce; boiling water, 1 gallon. Mix and cover them up close for one
hour, then add essence of lemon, 15 drops; yeast, 2 or 3 spoonfuls. Strain,
bottle, and wire down the corks.
To destroy the Bee Miller.
To a pint of water, sweetened with honey or sugar, add half a gill of
inegar, and set it in an open vessel on the top or by the side of the hive.
When the miller comes in the night, he will fly into the mixture and be
Crowned.
15"




ï~~174

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

To restore and improve Musty Flour.
Carbonate of magnesia, 3 parts; Flour, 760 parts. Mix, and use the
flour in the usual way. This will not only greatly improve bad flour, but
the bread will be much lighter, more wholesome, and keep longer, than
when alum is used.
To correct Musty Grain.
Take a bushel of grain, and pour on it two bushels of boiling water. Let
them stand until cold, then skim off the floating grains and husks, and discard them; drain off the water, and dry the remainder in a kiln. The
musty quality rarely penetrates through the husk.
Myrtle-flower Water.
Myrtle flowers, 30 pounds; water, 13 gallons. Draw over ten gallons
Factitious Manna.
Powdered sugar, powdered tragacanth, flour; Aleppo scammony, 2
drachms to every pound of the mixture. Water to mix. A little coloul
may be added. Dose, two to four drachms.
Manna Vinegar.
Take onions and press out the juice, ferment, and allow it to acetify.
To renovate Old Manuscripts.
Wash them lightly with a solution of ferro-cyanide of potash in clear
water.
Map Colours.
YELLOW.
1. Dissolve gamboge in water.
2. Make a decoction of French berries, strain, and add a little gum arabio
RED.
1. Make a decoction of Brazil dust in vinegar, and add a little gum and
alum.
2. Make an infusion of cochineal and add a little gum.
BLUE.
A weak mixture of sulphate of indigo and water, to which add a little
gum.
GREEN.
1. Dissolve crystals of verdigris in water, and add a little gum.
2. Dissolve sap green in water, and add gum.
Marasquin.
Bitter almonds (bruised), 2 ounces. Macerate for three days in one galon of spirit, then add four pounds of sugar, dissolved in two quarts of boiling water.
Marasquin de Groseilles.
Ripe gooseberries (bruised), 100 pounds; cherry and gooseberry leaves,
each 5 pounds; water sufficient. Bruise and ferment, then distil over 6
gallons, and add sugar, 30 pounds (or less), dissolved in water, 6 pints
spirit, 6 pints.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

175

Emetine.
Take genuine ipecacuanha powder, and digest it in ether at a temperature of 600, then decant and distil. Repeat the process until the ether
comes off quite pure, then digest the powder in alcohol, pour it off and digest in fresh alcohol; repeat the process for a third time. Distil to dryness and dissolve the residue in cold water; add a little magnesia to separate the gallic acid, filter, dry, and dissolve again in alcohol; filter, and
evaporate to dryness. Emetic; dose, one fourth to one third of a granm.
Election Cake.
Flour, 10 pounds; sugar, 4 pounds; butter, 2 pounds; milk, 1 quart;
eggs, 10; yeast and spice. Mix.
Fluxes for Enamel Colours.
1. Flint powder, 1 part; calcined borax, 1 part; flint glass, 3 parts;
red lead, 4 parts. Keep them in a state of fusion, in a Hessian crucible,
for three hours: then pour into cold water, dry and powder.
2. Glass powder, 11 parts; white arsenic, I part; nitre, 1 part. Mix.
White Enamel.
Arsenic, 14 parts; potash, 25 parts; nitre, 12 parts; glass, 13 parts
flint, 5 parts; litharge, 3 parts.
Entomologist's Cement.
Equal parts of thick mastic varnish and isinglass size.
Candied Eringo.
Take the eringo, slit and wash it, then candy it, by boiling it in thick
syrup for a short time; drain and dry.
Eschalotte Sauce.
Sliced shallots, I part; port wine, 5 parts; vinegar, 6 parts; mushroom catsup, 4 parts: add a small bit of lemon thyme. Mix and macerate
for fourteen days, then decant the clear.
Esprit de Suave.
Spirit of jasmin, 1 quart; spirit of cassia, 1 quart; spirit of wine, 1
pint; spirit of tuberose, 10 ounces; essence of cloves, 7 scruples; essence
of bergamot, 7 scruples; neroli, 15 drops; essence of musk, 1 ounce; rosewater, 16 ounces. Mix well and filter carefully.
Essence de Jasmin.
Take the flowers and steep them in spirit, then distil or filter.
Essence of Orange-Peel.
Spirit, 1 pound; orange-peel, 1 pound. Digest for two days, then add
white wine, 6 pints; water, 1z pints. Digest one day longer, and decant
Essentia Bina.
Take coarse sugar, and roast it until it acquires a proper colour.
Essex Ale.
Brew as for other pale ale.




ï~~t76

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Essence of Peppermint.
Oil of peppermint, 1 pound; rectified spirit, 2 gallons; green pepper
mint to colour. Mix.
Essentia Odorifera.
Musk, 11 grains; balsam of Peru, 11 grains; civet and oil of cloves, 5
grains; oil of rhodium, 2 grains; salt of tartar, 30 grains; alcohol, 2
ounces. Macerate for two or three days, then pour off the clear. This is
said to be a beautiful perflune.
Fluid for Etching on Copper.
Verdigris, 4 parts; salt, 4 parts; sal ammoniac, 4 parts; alum, 1 part,
water, 16 parts: strong vinegar, 12 parts. Dissolve with heat.
Acid for Etching on Steel.
Pyroligneous acid, 5 parts; alcohol, 1 part; nitric acid, 1 part. Mix
the first two, then add the nitric acid.
Ointment for the Mange.
1. Lard, 1 pound; sulphur vivum, 1 pound; spirit of turpentine, 1
pound; oil of tar, 1 pound; suet, 2 pounds. Mix.
2. Sulphur vivum, oil of turpentine, rape oil, tallow, each, 7 pounds.
Mix.
Manheim Gold.
Copper, 3 parts; zinc, 1 part. Melt separately, then suddenly mix them,
and stir well.
Mottled Wash Balls.
1. Cut white soap previously softened in water into small slices, and
ab them in the colour you wish to mottle with, then mix them with simi.
lar cuttings of white soap, and form them into balls, observing to be careful
to spread the colour as little as possible. Powdered bole, vermilion, or red
lead may he used for red; thumb blue for blue, &c. &c.
2. White soap, coloured sufficient. Reduce to a paste with water, and
well mix, then evaporate and form into slices; when sufficiently hard,
take of these any quantity, and white soap, sliced and softened, a like pro
portion, and form into balls.
To prevent Mould in Ink.
Add a few cloves to the ink.
Moutarde Superbe.
Vinegar, 100 parts; shallots, 1 part; thyme, 1 part; lemon-peel, I
part; cayenne, 1 part. Mix, and make your mustard with the liquor, after
it has stood for two or three days, or more.
Mucic Acid.
Take gum arabic, 1 part; digest in nitric acid, 2 parts.
Oil of Mucilages.
Rape oil, 1 gallon; water, 5 pints; linseed, 2 pounds. Boil until the
water is evaporated.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

177

Mulberry Wine.
1. Juice of the fruit, 10 gallons; or of mulberries bruised, 15 gallons;
water, 15 gallons; sugar, 35 gallons. Boil and ferment, then add spirit,
2 or three gallons; red tartar, 7 ounces; cassia, J ounce; bitter almonds,
Sounce.
2. Ripe mulberries, ripe apples, equal quantities; sugar or horev, one
pound to the gallon. Express the juice, put it into a cask, and add the
sugar. Ferment with yeast, 1 quart to every hhd.; catechu, I pound; red
argol, a pound.
Multum.
Quassia, liquorice; water to make an extract.
Hard Multum. (Black Extract.)
Coculus Indicus; water to make an extract. Both these articles are
employed by fraudulent brewers. Their use subjects the party to a fine
of Â~500, in England.
Dr. Munroe's Cough Medicine.
Paregoric, 1 ounce; sulphuric ether, 4 drachms; tinct. tolu, 2 drachms
Dose; one tea-spoonful nightand morning.
Muscadel.
Sugar, 1 cwt.; water, 40 gallons. Boil, then let it cool, and add clary
flowers, 6 gallons; yeast, 1 quart. Ferment and rack, then add pale spirit,
2 gallons.
Mushroom Catsup.
Mushroom juice, 1 gallon; allspice, 1 ounce; pepper, cloves, ginger,
each, I ounce; salt, 4 pounds. Boil for one hour, strain, and bottle.
To distinguish Mushrooms from Poisonous Fungi.
1. Sprinkle a little salt on the spongy part or gills of the sample to be
tried. If they turn yellow, they are poisonous: if black, they are wholesome. Allow the salt to act, before you decide on the question.
2. False mushrooms have a warty cap, or else fragments of membrane
adhering to the upper surface, are heavy, and emerge from a vulva or bag;
they grow in tufts or clusters in woods, on the stumps of trees, &c.,
whereas the true mushrooms grow in pastures.
3. False mushrooms have an astringent, styptic and disagreeable taste;
4. When cut they turn blue;
5. They are moist on the surface, and generally
6. Of a rose or orange colour.
7. The gills of the true mushroom are of a pinky red, changing to a liver
colour;
8. The flesh is white;
9. The stem is white, solid, and cylindrical.
To pickle Mushrooms.
Clean them with salt and water, then put them into a saucepan with a
little salt, keep them over the fire until the heat draws the liquor from them,
then put them to drain, next bottle them, adding a blade of mace, and dis
tilled vinegar sufficient to cover them.




ï~~178

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Mushroom Powder.
Take mushrooms, any quantity; onions, cloves, mace and pepper to
taste. Cut them into slices and dry them, then reduce to powder and sift.
To stain Musical Instruments.
Crimson.-Boil one pound of ground Brazil-wood in three quarts of
water for an hour; strain it, and add half an ounce of cochineal; boil it
again for half an hour gently, and it will be fit for use.
Purple.-Boil a pound Qf chip logwood in three quarts of water for an
hour; then add four ounces of alum.
Essence of Musk.
1. Bladder musk (cut small), 5 parts; civet, 1 part; spirit of ambrette,
100 parts; strongest alcohol, 35 parts. Put them into a close vessel, and
digest for two months in a heat of from 100 to 1500 Fahr.
2. Grain musk, 2 drachms; alcohol, 1 pound. Mix. As before.
Factitious Musk.
Rectified oil of amber, 1 part; nitric acid, 4 parts. Digest until a black
matter is deposited, which must be washed and preserved.
Musk Hair Powder.
Starch or farina, 7 pounds; musk, 2 scruples. Mix.
Musk Soap.
Good tallow soap, 30 pounds; palm soap, 26 pounds. Treat as for cinnamon soap, and perfume with the following mixture:-Powdered cloves,
5 ounces; powdered pale roses, 5 ounces; powdered gillyflower, 5 ounces;
essence of bergamot, 4 ounces; essence of musk, 3  ounces. Colour with
brown ochre, 4' ounces.
Tincture of Musk.
Powdered musk, 1 ounce; civet, 30 grains; ottar of roses, 25 drops;
oil of cloves, 10 drops; alcohol, 4 pints. Digest.
M. Soye's Patent Mustard.
Mustard-seed, 1 part; weak wood vinegar, 2 parts. Macerate for a fortnight, then grind the whole into a paste, in a mill, and put it into pots;
lastly, thrust a red-hot poker into each of them.
Patent Mustard.
Flour of mustard, 8 pounds; wheaten flour, 2 pounds; bay salt, 2 pounds;
-ayenne pepper, 3 ounces; water to mix.
Factitious Must.
Sugar, 8 parts; warm water, 24 parts; cream of tartar, I part. Dissolve. This is an excellent form for a must, which may be coloured and
treated with the usual substances for flavouring wine.
To judge of the Qualities of Mutton.
Choose this meat by the fineness of its grain, good colour, and firm
white fat.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECE4PTS.

179

Le Mort's Ointment.
Lard, 7 pounds; turpentine, 1 pound; litharge, 1 pound; ceruse, I
pound; alum, 3 pound; bichloride of mercury, J pound; red lean,:t pound
Mix.
Colours for Liqueurs.
Blue-Sulphate of indigo, nearly saturated with chalk.
Yellow-Infusion of safflowers in water.
#Green-Equal parts of each of the above.
Red-Cochineal in small quantities.
Violet-Turnsole.
Fawn colour-White sugar, and heat it until of a proper colour.
Dark red or brandy colour-Burnt sugar or brandy colouring.
Liquid Blister for Horses.
1. Spanish flies, 1 ounce; boiling water, 7 ounces. Macerate for twelve
hours, then add bichlorate of mercury, 1 drachm; hydrochloric acid, 3
drachms; spirits of wine, 2 ounces. Mix well together.
2. Spanish flies (powdered), 1 ounce; oil of turpentine, 2 ounces; lin
seed oil, 3 ounces. Mix.
3. Blistering plaster, 3 parts; linseed oil, 1 part. Mix together with
heat, then add oil of turpentine, 1 part.
Liquid Gas for Spirit or Naphtha Lamps.
Oil of turpentine, 16 parts; alcohol, 1 part or less. Mix. This fluid
gives a most brilliant light, quite equal to gas, but requires to be burnt in
peculiar shaped lamps, generally known by the name of Â~ naphtha lamps"
or Â~ liquid-gas" lamps.
Liquid Gold, for Vellum, 4fc.
Take gold-leaf and grind it with gum-water; then add a small quantity
of bichloride of mercury, and bottle for use.
Liquid Silver, for Vellum, 45c.
Take silver-leaf and grind it, with gum-water or glaire of egg.
Honey Water for the Hair.
Honey, 2 parts; sand, 1 part. Mix, and distil in a large retort with a
gentle heat.
Hops.
Put from half a pound to a pound of hops to every bushel of malt (according to their strength), for mild liquor; for stale beer, put one to one
ard a half pound, according to the time you intend to keep it. Before
boiling hops, it is better to let them soak fourteen or fifteen hours in cold
water.
Substitute for Hops.
1. For every pound of hops required, use two ounces of marsh trefoil
or,
2. Gentian root (bruised, q. s.; or,
3. Quassia, (rasped), q. s.




ï~~.8

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

To Choose Hops.
When rubbed between the fingers or on the palm of the hand, good
hops will feel glutinous, have a fragrant smell, and develop a fine yellow
dust. The seeds should be ripe, and the leaves full and unbroken, and of
a fine brownish-yellow green. Avoid yearlings, unless you can get them
in good condition and two-thirds the price of new hops. The best hops
for old beer are Farnhams and Countrys; for mild beer, East Kents, Kents
and Sussex.
Hoof Ointment.
Tallow, 1 pound, tar, 1 pound; black resin, 1 pound; lard, 2 pounds;
spirits of turpentine, 1 pound. Mix.
Horehound Candy.
1. Take horehound, and boil it until the juice is extracted, then add it
to a sufficient quantity of sugar, boil and stir until it grows thick, then pour
it out into a paper case, lined with fine sugar, and cut it into squares; dry
and put it into finely-powdered sugar.
2. Horehound juice, 1 pint; brown sugar, 6 pounds; white sugar, 6
pounds. Mix.
Lotion for Sore Backs in Horses.
Sulphate of copper, 1 part; water, 30 parts. Apply four or five times a
day.
Hudson's Cold Cream.
Oil of almonds, 8 ounces; white wax, 1 ounce; spermaceti, 1 ounce.
Melt, and when cooling, stir in rose-water, 4 ounces; orange-flower water,
1 ounce.
Huile Antique.
Oil of almonds, 2 pounds; oil of olives, 3 pounds. Mix, and perfume
to taste.
Genuine Huile Antique.
Olive oil, 25 ounces; oil of vitriol, - ounce. Mix and agitate until the
whole is perfectly united, let it stand for fourteen days, and pour off the
clear. It will then be ready to take any perfume.
Huile Antique a la Fleur d' Orange.
Huile antique, 1 pound; essence of neroli, 1 drachm. Mix.
Huile Antique a la Rose.
Huile antique, or olive oil, I pound; ottar of roses, 35 drops. Mix
Huile Antique a la Tuberose.
Huile antique, I pound; essence of tuberose to perfume.
Huile Antique a la Violette.
Olive oil, 1 pound; orris powder, 2 ounces (finest.)  Digest in a warm
place for two or three days, then strain with expression.
Huile Antique au Jasmin.
Huile antique, 1 pound; essence of jasmin, 30 drops. Mix.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

S18.1

ude Antique aux Mille Fleurs.
Olive oil, 1 pound; mille fleur perfume, 11 drachms. Mix.
Huile Antique Rouge a la Rose.
Huile antique, 1 pound; alkanet, 1 drachm. Macerate with heat until
sufficiently coloured, then add ottar of roses, 25 drops; oil of rosemary, 7
drops.
Huile Antique Verte.
Olive oil, 1 pound; gum guaiacum, 1 drachm. Macerate with heat for
a few hours, then pour off the clear and strain. Scent to tast
Huile de Venus.
Wild carrot flowers, 1 pound; proof-spirit, 4 gallons. Distil or macerate,
and add an equal quantity of capillaire. Colour with cochineal.
Hungary Water.
Rosemary flowers (fresh), 1 part; spirit of wine, 2 parts; water sufficient. Distil over two parts.
To Choose Lobsters.
Press your fingers on the eyes, and if fresh, the claws will have a strong
motion; the heaviest are the best.
Locatel Balsam.
Sweet oil, 30 pounds; Venice turpentine, 15 pounds; red sanders
(ground), 1 pound; powdered cassia, I pound. Mix. Pectoral.
Lord Stamford's Oils.
Rectified spirit, 2 pounds; oil of turpentine, 2 pounds; oil of origanum,
6 ounces; oil of camomile, 1 gallon; camphor, 3 ounces. Mix.
Lycopodium.
If some of the pollen be strewed upon the surface of a vessel containing
water, a person may plunge the hand to the bottom without wetting it.
Luyinine.
Take the lupinus terminis, boil it in alcohol of the specific gravity of
936, filter and evaporate to dryness. Dissolve the residuum in water, and
add a little animal charcoal, filter, evaporate, and crystallize. Evaporate
the remaining syrup to dryness, heat it with boiling alcohol, and again
avaporate to dryness; the solid yellow residue is the lupinine. Given in
intermittent fevers.
Macaroni Cordial.
This favourite French liqueur is very little known abroad. Put into
half a pint of spirits of wine half an ounce of the oil of bitter almonds;
shake it up two or three times a day for three days; infuse the above for
ten days, with one ounce of Spanish angelica root, in three gallons of
brandy, one drachm of the essence of lemon, three quarts of clarified sugar,
two quarts of mille-fleur-water and five quarts of soft water, then filter the
whole through a bag
16




ï~~182

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Macaroni.
Take wheat of the finest quality, reduce it to a coarse powder, or fho,
by means of a pair of light mill-stones, set a little farther apart than usual,
then make it into a dough with water, and form as for vermicelli.
Lovage.
Lovage root (fresh), 1 pound; valerian, 4 pound; celery, 4 pound;
sweet fennel,   pound; caraway seeds, 1 ounce; cassia, 1 ounce; proofspirit, 12 gallons. Macerate for a week, then add loaf-sugar, 20 pounds;
dissolved in water, 10 gallons. Mix and fine.
Macassar Oil.
Olive oil, 1 pound; oil of origanum, 1 drachm; oil of rosemary, 1
scruple. Mix.
Factitious Oil of Mace.
Oil of mace, 1 pound; palm oil, 2 pound; beef suet, 2 pound. Beat
to a paste.
Macquer's Acid Soap.
Castile soap, 2 pounds; water sufficient to render it soft; oil of vitriol,
1 ounce. Add the acid gradually, and keep rubbing them in a mortar,
until the whole becomes of an equal consistence. Detergent.
Madder Lake.
Ground madder, I pound; water, 8 pounds. Boil for fifteen minutes,
then add alum, 2 ounces. Dissolve and strain, then precipitate the colour,
with a strained solution of pearlash, added gradually; lastly, collect and
well wash the powder. The lake thrown downon the first addition of the
potash is of the finest quality, and each successive portion decreases in
value.
London Madeira.
1. London sherry, 100 gallons; Cape Madeira, 25 gallons; green citrons
(bruised), 1 dozen; spirit, 2 gallons. Let them stand a month, then fine
2. Vidonia, 60 gallons; Madeira, 30 gallons. Rack into a fresh emptied
Madeira cask (lees and all).
British Madeira.
Pale malt, 1 bushel; boiling water, 12 gallons. Mash and strain, then
add white sugar, 4 pounds; yeast, 1 pound. Ferment, next add raisin o
Cape wine, 3 quarts; brandy, 3 quarts; sherry, 2 quarts; port, 2 quarts.
Bung down. The malt may b again mashed for table-beer,
To Fine Madeira.
Wine finings, 1 quart; skimmed milk, 1 quart. Whisk them to a froth
and mix them with the wine, then keep it in a warm place.
Magelp.
S1. Mastic varnish, 1 part; drying oil, 2 parts. Mix.
2. Mastic varnish, 1 part; drying oil, 1 part. Mix.
3. Mastic varnish, drying oil, turpentine, equal parts. Mix.
4 Mastic varnish, 2 parts; boiled oil, 2 parts; turpentine, 1 part. li2




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

183

Calcined Magnesia.
Subcarbonate of magnesia. Calcine it at a red heat for two hours.
Henry's Magnesia.
Epsom salts, 1 part; water, 50 parts. Dissolve, then precipitate with a
solution of subcarbonate of potash; wash the powder first with clean water,
and lastly with rose-water.
Liquid Carbonated Magnesia.
Magnesia, 1 ounce; water, 2 gallons. Mix, and force carbonic acid
gas through it, in the same way as in making soda water.
Magnesia Lozenges.
1. Magnesia (carbonate), 1 pound; starch, 2 pounds; white sugar, 5
pounds. Mix with mucilage. Add a little essence of lemon or orange or
rose, to perfume.
2. Best white sugar (powdered), 2000 parts; smalts, I part; heavy
magnesia, 125 parts; Howard's precipitated chalk, 125 parts; oil of nutmeg to flavour. Mix with mucilage.
Magnesian Aperient.
Calcined magnesia, 3 parts; bicarbonate of soda, 3 parts; tartaric acid
(dried), 4 parts. Mix.
Prepared Carbonate of Magnesia.
Epsom salts, 12 parts; dissolve in water, 50 parts. Then add pearlash,
10 parts; dissolved in water, 30 parts. Mix the two solutions, allow the
precipitate to settle, then pour off the fluid portion, and wash the powder
with two or three waters; lastly, dry it.
Mahogany Stain for Wood.
1. Linseed oil, 2 pounds; alkanet, 3 ounces. Heat them together and
macerate for six hours, then add resin, 2 ounces; bees'-wax, 2 ounces.
Boiled oil may be advantageously used instead of the linseed oil.
2. Brazil-wood (ground); water sufficient; add a little alum and potash.
Boil.
3. Logwood, 1 part; water, 8 parts. Make a decoction and apply it to
the wood; when dry, give it two or three coats of the following varnish:
Dragon's-blood, 1 part; spirits of wine, 20 parts. Mix.
To take Stains out of M.ahogany.
Spirits of salts, 6 parts; salt of lemons, 1 part. Mix, then drop a little
on the stains, and rub them until they disappear.
Mahogany Varnish.
Dark gum amnme, 32 parts; dark oil, 100 parts; litharge, 1 part; sugar
of lead, 1 part. Boil until stringy, then add, when cooled a little, spirits
of turpentine, 175 parts. Mix, and strain.
Mallow-Flower Paper.
Stain the paper with an infusion of mallow-flowers, then dry it.




ï~~184

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

English Malmsey.
Parsnip (sliced), 100 pounds; water, 33 gallons. Boil, and squeeze ofl
mte liquor on loaf-sugar, 70 pounds. Ferment, then add spirit, 2 gallons;
white tartar, pound; finings, 1 pint.
Weak Nitrated Ointment of Mercury.
4uicksilver, I ounce; nitric acid, 2 ounces. Dissolve, then add sweet
31I, 12 pound; lard, I pound. Mix well. Used in eruptions of the skin.
Nitrated or Oxygenized Lard.
Lard, 1 pound; nitric acid, 7 drachms. Melt the lard, and when nearly
cold add the acid, and keep stirring them with a spatula or rod until quite
cold. Use a glass or Wedgwood vessel. Stimulant.
Pills of Nitrate of Silver.
Nitrate of silver, 1 part; extract of gentian, 2 parts; rhubarb pill, 5
parts. Divide into two-grain pills. One to be taken night and morning.
Tonic.
Nitre Drops.
Nitre, 3 ounces; sugar, 1 pound; water to mix. Add a few drops of
essence of lemon, or oil of cassia.
Nitre Lozenges.
1. Nitrate of potash (pure), 4 parts; white sugar, 26 parts. Powder
fine, and mix with mucilage. For sore throat, &c.
2. Nitre, 4 ounces; sugar, 16 ounces; essence of lemon, 20 ounces.
Mix with mucilage.
Norfolk Fluid.
Yellow resin, 6 ounces; yellow wax, 12 ounces; boiled oil, 3 pints;
neat's-foot oil, 2 pints. Melt, then add oil of turpentine, 1 part. For
leather.
Noyeau.
Bitter almonds (bruised), 4 ounces; cassia, and cloves (bruised), each
ounce; essence of orange-peel, 1 drachm; essence of lemon, 1 drachm;
spirit, 20 gallons. Macerate, then add sugar, 30 pounds; dissolved in
water, 5 gallons.
Nutmeg Lozenges.
White sugar, 5 pounds; starch, 2 pounds; oil of nutmeg, 6 drachms.
Mix with mucilage.
Nutmeg Water.
Nutmegs (bruised), 1 pound; water, 20 gallons. Draw over seventeen
or cighteen gallons.
To save Oats in feeding Horses.
Bruise or crush your oats in a mill, or otherwise as convenient, and
your horse will become fatter on half his usual allowance of these oats
than he was before on double the quantity unprepared. If you cannot
bruise the oats, po r hot water on them and let them soak for a fev
hours.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

185

Marbled Sealing Wax.
Take wax of different colours and melt them in sepal te vessels, and
when they begin to cool a little, stir them all together, and form the mass
nto sticks.
Marbled Soap Balls.
Take ten pounds of white oil-soap and ten pounds of Joppa soap. Cut
them into small square pieces, which set to dry for three days: the oilsoap, particularly, must be thus dried. Scrape, very fine, five pounds of
cil-soap, which dry for one day in the open air; mix it well in the shavmng-box, with five pounds of powder, and add an ounce and a half of the
nest vermilion.
In mixing, place pieces of soap and coloured powder in layers in the
box; making in all four alternate layers of each. When a layer of each
has been laid in the box, sprinkle a pint of rose-water over the cut soap;
for if it be much combined with the powder it will become lumpy and hard,
and consequently spoil the wash-balls. The same quantity of water is to
be used for moistening each of the other soap layers. Next mix a pint of
thin starch, which has been well boiled in half a pint of rain-water, with
tialf a pint of rose-water, and distribute it, equally well mixed, among the
mass, by turning it over repeatedly, and then press it down close with the
hands. If a piece be now cut out from the mass the operator will perceive
whether the marbling is sufficiently good: and if so, he may proceed immediately to form his wash-balls.
Marble for Leather Book-Covers.
Wash the cover and glaire it, take a sponge charged with water, having
the book between wands, and drop the water from the sponge,, n the different parts of the cover, sprinkle very fine with vinegar black, then with
brown, and lastly with vitriol water. Observe to sprinkle on the colours
immediately after each other, and to wash the cover over with a clean
sponge and water.
To Clean Marble.
Chalk (in fine powder), 1 part; pumice, 1 part; common soda, 2 parts.
Mix. Wash the spots with this powder, mixed with a little water, then
clean the whole of the stone, and wash off with soap and water.
To Stain Marble.
It is necessary to heat the marble hot, but not sufficiently so to injure
t, the proper heat being that at which the colours nearly boil.
Blue.-Alkaline indigo dye, or turnsole with alkali..Red.-Dragon's blood in spirits of wine.
Yellow.-Gamboge in spirits of wine.
Gold Colour.-Sal ammoniac, sulphate of zinc, and verdigris, equal
parts.
Green.-Sap green, in spirits, with potash.
Brown.-Tincture of logwood.
Crim on.-Alkanet loot in turpentine.
The marble may be veined according to taste. To stain marble well is
a tedious and difficult operation.
16 *




ï~~186

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Hard Mareschal Pomatum.
White wax, 3 pounds; suet, 8 pounds; mareschal powder, j pound
scent. Mix.
Sievier's WVater-proof Cloth.
Indian rubber, turpentine to dissolve. With a brush apply it to the cloth
once or twice, and afterwards apply a similar solution mixed with litharge
or sugar of lead, or other drying material; then sprinkle wool-floss upon
the varnish, press, dry, and apply a brush to lay the nap.
Water-proof Composition for Leather, 4-c.
1. Boiled oil, 16 parts; yellow wax, 2 parts; burgundy pitch, I part,
turpentine, 2 parts. Mix.
2. Linseed oil, 16 parts; suet, 8 parts; wax, 6 parts; resin, 1 part;
turpentine, 5 parts. Mix.
3. Patent. Boiled oil, 50 parts; resin, 1 part; wax, 3 parts; boil with
driers,,4 parts, until it begins to feel stringy; when cold add spirits of turpentine, 20 parts; or as much as will reduce it to a convenient consistence.
Colour to taste, and apply with a sash-tool. The best driers for this purpose will be found to be litharge or red lead, finely powdered, for dark colours, and sugar of lead for light ones.
4. Patent. Indian rubber, 1 part; copal varnish, 6 parts; turpentine,
16 parts. Dissolve with a gentle heat, then add beeswax, I part, previously
dissolved in boiled oil, 12 parts; lastly, add litharge, 3 parts. Bring the
mixture to a boil, and set it aside for use. Colour as you please.
Water-proof Varnish for Boots, Shoes, kc.
Linseed oil, 8 parts; boiled oil, 10 parts; suet, 8 parts; beeswax, 8
parts. Mix with heat and apply hot.
To purify Putrid Water.
1. Water, 1 pound; sulphuric acid, 8 drops. Mix, and filter througl
charcoal.
2. Water, 8 gallons; powdered alum, 1 ounce. Dissolve with agitation,
then allow it to rest for twenty-four hours, decant into another vessel, an.
add a solution of carbonate of soda, until it ceases to produce a precipitate.
3. Instead of alum add seven or eight grains of red sulphate of iron,
then proceed as before.
4. Add a little aqueous chlorine to the foul water.
5. Easy Method. Arrange a suitable pipe to the end of a pair of bellows, (double bellows are best,) and continue driving the atmospheric aib
through the water for some time, then allow it to settle for use.
To remove the Burnt Smell from Distilled Waters.
Expose them to a temperature lower than 321 Fahr.
American Green (Factitious) Wax.
Verdigris, 1 ounce; beeswax, 2 pounds; sonorous stearine, 5 pounds
scent. Apply heat till of a proper colour.
Wax Lute.
o s
Beeswax; linseed oil to temper. Mix.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

187

Wax Marble, for Leather Book-Covers, ce.
I'his marbling must be done on the fore-edge, before the back of the
Eok is rounded, or becomes round, when in boards, and finished on the
head and foot. T'ake beeswax and dissolve it over the fire in an earthen
vessel: take quills stripped of their feathers, and tie them together; dip
the quill-tops in the wax, and spot the edge, with large and small spots:
take a sponge charged with blue, green, or red, and smear over the edge;
when done, dash off the wax, and it will be marbled. This will be useful
for stationery work, or for folios and quartos.
Soft Sealing-Wax.
Yellow resin, 1 part; beeswax, 4 parts; lard, 1 part; Venice turpentine, I part; colour to fancy. Mix with a gentle heat.
Wedding Cake.
Flour and butter, each, 3 pounds; sugar and raisins, each, 3 pounds,
eggs, 2 dozen; currants, 6 pounds; citron, 1 pound; brandy, 1 pound;
cinnamon, nutmegs, mace, each 1 ounce; cloves, j ounce. Bake thoroughly.
Weld Pink.    (Yellow.)
Take a strong decoction of weld, to which add a little alum, then stain
finely-powdered whiting with it, and dry on chalk stones.
Welsh Ale.
Pale malt, 3 quarters; hops, 25 pounds; sugar, 10 pounds; grains of
paradise, I pound. Mash at 1700 Fahr., for first liquor, for one hour, let
it rest two hours; set the tap. Turn on second liquor at 1900 Fahr., then
as before. Boil with the hops and grains of paradise, one hour, then add
the sugar. Tun at 62Â~.
To prevent Mildew in Wheat.
Sulphate of copper, 1 pound; water, 4 gallons. Dissolve, and steep the
grain in it for one hour.
Whipped Cream.
Whites of 8 eggs; cream, 1 quart; white wine, J pint; sugar to
sweeten. Flavour with musk and lemon, then whip it up well with a
whisk.
Antidote for Arsenic.
The hydrated peroxide of iron is said to be an antidote to arsenic, by
changing the peroxide (when arsenic has been taken) into arseniate of iron;
thus establishing its claims as a specific.
Another Antidote for Arsenic.
Swallow the whites of three or four eggs immediately.
Black Palmer Worm.
To destroy this worm, throw over them fresh slaked lime.
Warts in Horses and Cattle.
Wash them with a strong ley, made of pearlash and water, thrice a day




ï~~188

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Silk-Worms in France.
The rearing of silk-worms in France is progressing with promigo. M
De Gasparin, in a memoir submitted to the Academy of Sciences, states nis
belief that the various conditions of heat, soil, light, &c. being ascertained,
the mulberry tree may be acclimated in the neighbourhood of Paris, espe.
cially since it has been successfully attempted still further north. It is not
the great cold of winter that does harm to this plant, since it can support
a maximum of -25 of the centigrade scale, but rather the hoar-frosts that
are liable to attack it at the moment of its foliation. Moisture is necessary
to the good growth of the tree, and light especially so. A tree planted in
a sunshiny climate has a rounder form, and the leaves are not so long and
are more firm, than those of one planted in a district where the sky is often
cloudy. It is known that the leaves of the mulberry-tree grown in shady
situations are not so nutritious as those of a tree which has enjoyed much
light. The workmen commonly state that leaves of the former kind give
the silk-worms the dropsy; and M. de Gasparin, on drying two such sorts
of leaves, and then subjecting them to certain processes, has found that
those of the former kind retain of solid matter only 27 per cent., whereas
the latter have 58 per cent.: the difference of light, therefore, produces a
difference of 2 to 1 in the value of the leaf for economical purposes. Such
has been the success of rearing silk-worms in France, that in 43 departments, the annual value of the products was 42,000,000 francs.
M. Bonafons has likewise communicated to the French Academy, that
the Chinese practice of sprinkling rice-flour upon silk-worms led him to ascertain whether by colouring the flour with madder, indigo, or other innocuous dyes, he could give a colour to the produce of the worm. The result
has proved satisfactory, and cocoons thus tinted have been submitted to the
Academy.
French Method for Embalming.        (New Discovery.)
The following is M. Gannal's mixture for injecting the carotid artery,
whereby all the purposes of embalming are attained:-Take dry sulphate
of alumine, 1 kilogramme, (equal 2 lbs. 3 oz. 5 drs. avoirdupois,) dissolved
in half a litre (a little less than a pint) of warm water, and marking 320 of
the aerometer. Three or four litres of this mixture will be sufficient to inject all the vessels of the human body, and will preserve it in the summer;
in the winter, from one to two litres will be enough. But to keep away insects, there should be added to the above chlorure of copper, at the rate of
100 grammes to a kilogramme of the sulphate of alumine; or else 50
grammes of arsenious acid. This applies to all kinds of animals, birds,
fishes, &c., as well as to the human subject. The above process has been
introduced into the great anatomical schools in Paris; and in nearly all
the recent interments of distinguished individuals, the old and revolting
mode of embalming has been quperseded by this new and simple method.
Peppermint Drops.
1. Sugar, 7 pounds; peppermint water, 1 pound.      Make them into
drops. Instead of peppermint water, a little oil of peppermint may be
used.
2. Take confectionary drops, aud flavour with essence of peppermint.




ï~~189

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

To prevent Depredations by Hawks.
One or more guinea-hens in a flock of fowls it is said will effectually
prevent molestation from hawks.
Gilding Metal.
Copper, 4 parts; brass and tin, each 1 part. Fuse together.
Bottled Ginger Beer.
T'ake the bottles and nearly fill them with clear water, then add white
sugar, 2 drachms; bicarbonate of soda, 35 grains; tincture or essence of
ginger, 2 drachms; sulphuric acid, 10 or 12 drops. Three to six drops of
essence of lemon will improve this article. The acid must be added last,
and the bottles immediately corked and wired.
Gingerbread.
1. Flour, 7 pounds; treacle, 3  pounds; raw sugar, 2 pounds; butter, 1
pound, or less; carbonate of magnesia, 2 ounces; tartaric acid, 1 ounce;
ginger, 1 ounce; cinnamon, 1 ounce; nutmeg, 6 ounces. Mix.
2. Flour, 7 pounds; carbonate of magnesia, 5 ounces; treacle, 4 pounds;
outter, I pound; cream of tartar, J pound; spice,   pound. Mix with
water. Ready for the oven in thirty minutes.
3. Flour, 3 pounds; sugar, J pound; butter, 1 pound; powdered ginger, 1 ounce; allspice corns (ground), 24 in number; cloves, 12 in num.
oer; a little cassia powdered, and molasses, 1 pint. Knead well.
Common Gingerbread.
Treacle, 3 pounds; seconds flour, 4 pounds; potass, 2 pounds; butter,
+ pound; ginger, 2 ounces; mixed spice, 2 ounces. Water to mix. Make
them into a dough and keep it until it rises, then bake it. This takes several days to ripen.
Extemporaneous Gingerbread.
Flour and treacle, each 7 pounds; bicarbonate of soda and carbonate
of ammonia, each 2 ounces, more or less; spice. Water to mix. Ready
for the oven immediately.
Good Gingerbread.
1. Flour and molasses, each 20 parts; carbonate of magnesia, 2 partsspice. Water to mix. This is fit for baking in five or six hours.
2. Flour, 7 pounds; treacle, 5 pounds; carbonate of magnesia, 4 ounces.
tartaric acid, 2 ounces; spice. Water to mix. This will be ready for
baking in from fifteen to fifty minutes.
Poundcake Gingerbread.
Eggs, 6 in number; sugar, I pound; molasses, 1 pint; ginger powder,
Stea-cupful; pearlash, 1 ounce; butter, 1 pound; a little mace and nutmeg   Well mix, then beat in flour, 2 pounds.
Short Gingerbread.
Sugar, 5 pounds; butter, 3 pounds; flour, 9 pounds; eggs, 20 in number; cram,: pint; pearlash, I pound. Bake on tins and mark it for
outtinj




ï~~190

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Ginger Candy.
Ginger, finely powdered, I ounce; sugar-candy, 7 pounds. Water suf
ficient.
Ginger Cake.
Flour, 3 pounds; sugar and butter, each 1 pound; ginger, 2 ounces;
treacle, 1 pint; cream,   pint; a little nutmeg. Mix warm, and bake in
a slack oven.
Candied Ginger.
Ginger (grated), 1 pound; loaf-sugar, 15 pounds; water sufficient to
dissolve the sugar. Put them into a preserving pan over a slow fire and
stir them well, until the sugar begins to boil, then add sugar (powdered),
I pound, and keep stirring till it grows thick, then take it from the fire and
drop it in cakes on a slab of marble; set it in a warm place to dry.
Ginger Drops.
1. White sugar, 2 pounds; infusion of ginger sufficient quantity. Form
into drops.
2. Take finely-powdered ginger and sift it through lawn, then add it to
the sugar and water in quantity as required, and follow the same plan as
for confectionary drops.
Ginger Essence.
Capsicums, 1 drachm; bruised ginger, 3 ounces; alcohol, 1 pound.
Macerate for ten days.
Ginger Lozenges.
Powdered ginger, 4 ounces; white sugar, 2 pounds; starch, 1 pound.
Mix with mucilage.
Ginger Wine.
Water, 10 gallons; lump-sugar, 20 pounds; bruised ginger, 8-ounces;
3 or 4 eggs. Boil well and skim, then pour hot on six or seven lemons
cut in slicep, macerate for two hours, then rack and ferment; next add
spirit, 2 quarts, and afterwards finings, 1 pint. Rummage well.
To Gild Glass and Porcelain.
1. Apply to the part a surface of gold size; when nearly dry, lay on the
leaf.
2. Gold powder, 2 parts; borax, 1 part; turpentine to mix. Mix and
apply to the surface to be gilded with a camel-hair pencil; when quite dry
heat it in a stove until the borax vitrifies. Burnish. Platina, silver, tin,
bronze, &c., may be applied in a similar manner.
Glass in Powder.
Take glass, heat it to a slight red, then throw it into cold water, take I
out, dry and powder it.
Brown under Glaze.
Glass of antimony, 16 parts; litharge, 32 parts; manganese, 6 parts
o ue calx, 1 part.
China Glaze.
Glass, 10 parts; lead, 2 parts;.blue calx, 3 pa-ts.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTO.

191

Cream Coloured Glaze.
Cornish stone, 100 parts; flint, 35 parts; white lead, 200 parts.
To Break or Cut Glass.
1. Take a worsted thread dipped in turpentine, tie it round the part,
then set fire to it, and while hot wet it with cold water.
2. Apply a red-hot wire over the part, and then pour cold water cn it
Purple under Glaze.
Fluxed blue, 1 part; manganese, 4 parts; red lead and flint, 4 parts.
Shining Black Glaze.
Lead, 100 parts; flint, 20 parts; manganese, 4 parts.
White Glaze.
Glass, 52 parts; titharge, 14 parts; nitre, 6 parts; arsenic, 4 parts
blue calx, 1 part.
Gum Paste for Gilding on Confectionary.
Take some dissolved gum, and make it into a paste with a little starch.
powder to finish it; or it may be made with some of the prepared sugar
gum-pastes, finishing it with starch-powder. Put it on the part to be gilded
with a brush, let it dry smooth; then moisten with the breath, and gild.
Perfume for Gloves.
Oil of lavender, 20 drops; neroli, 10 drops; essence of musk, 5 drops
ottar of roses, 2 drops; alcohol, 2 ounces. Mix.
Glue Liquid.
Glue, water, vinegar, each 2 parts. Dissolve in a water-bath, then add
alcohol, 1 part. An excellent cement.
Parchment Glue.
Parchment shavings, 1 pound; water, 6 quarts. Boil until dissolved,
hen strain and evaporate slowly to the proper consistence. Use a water
bath if you want it very light coloured.
Portable Glue for Draughtsmen, ( c.
Glue, 5 parts; sugar, 2 parts; water, 8 parts. Melt in a water-bath
and cast it in moulds. For use, dissolve in warm water.
Water-proof Glue.
1. Glue, 1 part; skimmed milk, 8 parts. Melt and evaporate in a water-bath to the consistence of strong glue.
2. Glue, 12 parts; water sufficient to dissolve. Then add yellow resin,
3 parts, and when melted, add turpentine, 4 parts. Mix thoroughly together. This should be done in a water-bath.
Goldbeater's Skin
Is prepared by extending the peritoneal membranes of the cwcum, and
washing them, first with plain water, and then with a solution of alum,
and afterwards with a solution of isinglass and spices.




ï~~192

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Isinglass Glue.
Dissolve isinglass over a slow fire, in a small quantity of water.
Gold-Coloured Sealing-Wax.
1. Bleached shell lac, 1 pound; Venice turpentine, 4 ounces. Melt
and add gold-coloured talc as required.
2. Bleached shell lac, 3 pounds; turpentine, I pound; Dutch leaf,
ground fine, 1 pound or less. Mix with a gentle heat. The leaf should
be ground or powdered sufficiently fine without being reduced to dust.
Golden Sulphuret of Antimony.
Take the liquor left from making kermes mineral and add vinegar to
precipitate the sulphuret.
Gold Cordial.
Angelica root, 4 pounds; ottar of roses, 50 drops; stoned raisins, 5
pounds; bruised coriander-seeds,   pound; bruised caraways and cassia,
each 4 pound; bruised cloves, 2 ounces; saffron, 2 ounces; sliced liquorice-root, 1 pound; proof-spirit, 15 gallons; macerate for fourteen days,
then add sugar, 30 pounds; dissolved in water, 5 gallons. Mix and fine
Gold for Dentists for filling Decayed Teeth.
Gold, 1 part; mercury, 8 parts. Incorporate by heating them together,
when mixed pour them into cold water.
To separate Gold from Gilt Copper or Silver.
Take a solution of borax in water, apply to the gilt surface, and sprinkle
over it some finely powdered sulphur, make the article red-hot and.quench
it in water, then scrape off the gold and recover it by means of lead.
Gold in Grains.
Gold, 3 parts; silver, 1 part. Granulate by pouring it in a small stream
from some height into cold water, then dissolve out the silver with nitric
acid, and wash well in pure water, next heat the grains to give them a proper lustre.
Bees.
But few persons are aware how early in the season bees eat honey faster
than they produce it  By not attending to this in due time, learning from
experience, observation, or the experiments of others, much is lost. When
the weather is dry, bees usually consume honey faster than they collect it
after the middle or 20th of July, unless they have access to buckwheat or
other suitable flowers cultivated for their use; in this case, they may gain
honey in September.
This subject is important to bee-masters who follow the old system, and
destroy the bees when they take the honey. Some let them remain till
the latter part of September, eating honey two months after they have
ceased to collect any of consequence. In our short seasons for collecting
honey, and long ones for consuming it, the habits of the bees must be studied very attentively, and there must be the most careful and economical
management in order to make them profitable.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

L98

Common Gold.
Spanish copper, 16 parts; silver, 1 part; gold, 2 parts. Melt together.
Composition Golden Showers for Rockets.
Nitre, 16 parts; sulphur, 10 parts; charcoal, 4 parts; gunpowder, I1
parts; lamp-black, 2 parts; fine saw-dust, 1 part. Mix.
Thirteen Receipts on the Formation and Crystallization of Salts.
1. If common Glauber's salt be dried and reduced to powder, and then
dissolved in three times its weight of boiling water, it will no only be
found to crystallize again on cooling, but the crystals will assume the iden-,Jeal form which they exhibited before they were pulverized. This experiment is designed to show that a determinate figure has been instamped
upon every individual salt.
2. Dissolve three-fourths of an ounce of Glauber's salt in two ounces of
boiling water, pour it while hot into a phial and cork it close. In this state
it will not crystallize, even when perfectly cold; but if the cork be now
removed the crystallization will be seen to commence and proceed with
rapidity, affording an instance of the effect of atmospheric air on crystallization.
3. Repeat the experiment with a small thermometer immersed in the
solution, and closed so as to exclude the atmospheric air. If the solution
be suffered to cool completely under these circumstances, the thermometer
will be seen to rise on the removal of the cork. This experiment is designed to show that saline solutions give out caloric in the act of crystallization.
4. Put half an ounce of quicksilver into a wine-glass, and pour about
an ounce of diluted nitrous acid upon it. The nitrous acid will be decomposed by the metal with astonishing rapidity; the colour of the acid
will be quickly changed to a beautiful green, while its surface exhibits a
dark crimson: and an effervescence indescribably vivid and pleasing will
go on during the whole time the acid operates upon the quicksilver. When
a part only of the metal is dissolved, a change of colour will again take
place, and the acid by degrees will become paler, till it is pellucid as pure
water. This is one instance of a metallic solution by means of an acid;
in which the opacity of a metallic body is completely overcome, and the
whole rendered perfectly transparent.
5. Take the metallic solution formed in the last experiment, add a little
more quicksilver to saturate the acid; then place it at some distance, over
the flame of a lamp, so as gently to evaporate a part of the water. The
new-formed salt will soon be seen to begin to shoot into needle-like prismatic crystals, crossing each other in every possible direction, affording an
instance of the formation of a metallic salt.
6. Pour a small quantity of strong nitrous acid into a wine-glass, add
twice its quantity of distilled water, and, when mixed, throw a few very
small pieces of granulated tin into it. A violent effervescence will take
place, the lighter particles of the tin will be thrown to the top of the acid,
and be seen to play up and down in the liquor for a considerable time, till
th-. whole is dissolved. This is another example of a transparent liquid
holding a metal in solution.
17




ï~~194

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

7. Dissolve one ounce of quicksilver without heat in three quarters o
an ounce of strong nitrous acid, previcusly diluted with one ounce and a
half of water. Dissolve also the same weight of quicksilver, by means of
heat, in the same quantity of a similar acid, and then to each of these colourless solutions add a solution of potash. In the first case, the metal
will be precipitated in a black, in the other, in a reddish-yellow powder,
affording an example of the difference of colour of metallic oxides, arising
from different degrees of oxidizement.
S. Take an ounce of a solution of caustic soda, pour upon it half an
ounce of sulphuric acid, lay the mixture aside, and when cold, crystals of
sulphate of soda will be formed in the liquor. Here a mild salt has been
formed from a mixture of two corrosive substances.
9. Take carbonate of ammonia (the common volatile smelling salt), and
pour upon it muriatic acid so long as any effervescence continues. The
produce will be a solid salt, perfectly inodorous, and of little taste.
10. Take caustic soda, one ounce; saturate it with muriatic acid, both
of these corrosive substances. The produce will be our common table-salt.
11. Mix in a wine-glass equal quantities of a saturated solution of muriate of lime, and a saturated solution of carbonate of potash, both transparent fluids: stir the mixture, and a solid mass will be the product.
12. T'ake the substance produced in the foregoing experiment, and pour
a very little nitric acid upon it. The consequence will be, the solid matter
will again be taken up, and the whole exhibit the appearance of one homogeneous fluid. An instance of a solid opake mass being converted by a
chemical agent to a transparent liquid.
13. Take a transparent saturated solution of sulphate of magnesia, (Epsom salt) and pour into it a like solution of caustic potash or soda. The
mixture will immediately become almost solid. This instance of the sudden conversion of two fluids to a solid, and that related in No. 11, have
been called chemical miracles.
Cooking Cotton-Seed.
Take a large kettle, which holds from five to six bushels, set it upon a
brick furnace, fill it with cotton-seed fresh from the gin, and then fill up
the kettle with water, and boil something less than half an hour; then
empty the seed into troughs, and let the cattle and hogs to them. The
milk and butter have none of that cotton-seed taste which the green or uncooked seed gives. Both cattle and hogs will keep in good order winter
and summer, on seed thus prepared: and when you are ready to fatten
pork, you have only to add an equal quantity of cotton-seed and corn, and
boil as above. Experience has proved that it will fatten sooner and be
equally good as when fattened on corn alone. Your cows will give an
abundance of milk all winter, when fed in this manner, with but one bushel
of corn to four of cotton-seed. The boiling of cotton-seed is very advantageous as food for stock. Besides, there is great economy in feeding seed
thus prepared. By the usual method in feeding, there are more than double the quantity of seed wasted than are consumed by the stock.
Ants.
A small quantity of green sage, placed in the closet, will cause red antb
to disappear




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

195

Soft, Mareschal Pomatum.
Lard and suet, each 12 pounds; beeswax, 5 pounds; Mareschal powder, 12 ounces. Scent. Melt the first three with a gentle heat, then add
the powder and perfume.
Mareschal Powder.
Starch or farina, 7 pounds; powdered cloves, 3 ounces; powdered cassia, 1 ounce. Mix.
Margavic Acid.
Take olive oil soap and dissolve it in water, then add a perfectly neutral
acetate of lead; wash and dry the precipitate, and digest ether over it, decant and dry again; lastly, dissolve the lead out with hot muriatic acid;
wash and dry the residuum.
Marjoram Water.
Fresh marjoram, 1 cwt.; water a sufficient quantity. Draw over twentyfive gallons.
Marking Ink.
Lunar caustic, 2 parts; sap green and gum arabic, each 1 part; distilled water. Dissolve.
The Preparation.-Soda, 1 ounce; water, 1 pint; sap green, I drachm.
Dissolve, and wet the linen (where you intend to write) with this mordant, then well dry it.
Transparent Marmalade.
Cut very pale Seville oranges into quarters; take out the pulp, put it
into a basin, and pick out the skins and seeds. Put the peels into a little
salt and water, and let them stand all night, then boil them in a good quantity of spring water until they are tender; cut them in very thin slices,
and put them into the pulp. To every pound of marmalade put one pound
and a half of double refined beaten sugar; boil them together gently for
twenty minutes; if they are not transparent, boil them a few minutes
longer. Stir it gently all the time, and take care not to break the slices.
When it is cold, put it into jelly and sweetmeat glasses; tie down tight.
Marshall's Cerate.
Palm oil,   ounce; calomel, 1 ounce; sugar of lead, J ounce; nitrated
ointment of mercury, 2 ounces. Mix.
Marshall's Guitte Vegetabilis.
Lunar caustic, 2 grains; isinglass, 3 or 4 grains; distilled water, I
ounce. Dissolve the isinglass in the water, then add the silver.
Heat of Water for Mashing.
First mash. For very pale malt, turn in at 1760 F. Pale and amber,
1720 F. Amber, 1700 F. Dark amber, 1680 F. Amber, pale and brown,
mixed, 1600 F. Dark or charred brown, 1560 F.
Second mash. Very pale, 1820 F. Pale and amber, 1780 F. Amber,
1760 F. Dark amber, 1720 F. Pale amber and brown, mixed, 1660 F
Dark or charred brown, 1650 F. In winter turn on four or five degrees
higher than the above.




ï~~.96               PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.
Mlarshall's mixed Oils.
Linseed oil, rape oil, and green oil, each 2 pounds; oil of turpentine,
pound; oil of vitriol, 1 ounce. Mix.
Marshmallow Lozenges.
Powdered marshmallow-root, 1 pound; white sugar, 7 pounds. Mucilage to mix.
Marshmallow Ointment.
1. Yellow resin and yellow wax, each 56 pounds. Melt and reduce
them to a proper consistence with rape oil, then add thick mucilage, 1 gallon; turmeric to colour if required. Stir till cold.
2. Oil of mucilages, 36 pounds; yellow wax and yellow resin, each 7
pounds; spirits of turpentine, 2 pounds. Mix.
3. Yellow resin, 56 pounds. Melt and reduce it to a proper consistence
with rape oil, then add tallow or suet 28 pounds; thick mucilage, 7 pounds;
water, 1 gallon. Turmeric to colour.
4. Rape oil, 28 pounds; resin, 16 pounds; spirits of turpentine, 4
pounds. Mix with a gentle heat, then add thick mucilage, 7 pounds. Stir
well till cold.
Mastic Varnish.
1. Gum mastic, 5 pounds; spirits of turpentine, 2 gallons. Mix with
a moderate heat (carefully applied) in a close vessel, then add pale turpentine varnish, 3 pints. Mix well.
2. Mastic, 1 pound; white wax, I ounce; oil of turpentine, 1 gallon.
Reduce the wax and mastic small, then digest in a close vessel, with
heat, until dissolved.
To protect Sheep from the Gad Fly.
In August and September this fly lays its eggs in the nostrils of sheep,
where they are hatched, and the worms crawl into the head, and frequently
they eat through to the brain. In this way many sheep are destroyed.
As a protection, smirch their noses with tar. Lay some tar in a trough or
on a board, and strew fine salt on it: the sheep will finish the operation.
The tar will protect them, and what they eat will promote their health.
Smoke Protector.
Mr. Wallace has exhibited and explained to the British Association his
Apparatus for enabling persons to enter places on fire without danger from
smoke, by means of breathing through water. A box of tin, containing
the water, is placed on a man's back with tubes connected, forming a ring
round the body and straps for the shoulders. A hood of Mackintosh cloth,
glazed in front, is put on the head, and being attached to the side tubes,
four gallons of water will enable a person to bear the densest smoke foj
twenty minutes. The Protector resembles the diving apparatus in appear
ance.
Candles.
Prepare your wicks about half the usual size, wet with spirits of turpen
tine, put them into the sun until dry, then mould or dip your candles
Candles thus made last longer, and gii e a much clearer light. In fact then
are nearly or quite equal to sperm, in clearness of light.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

197

*Odontalgic Paste.
Orris powder, 10 parts; rose pink powder, 1 part; gum mastic, 2 parts;
Seamrn of tartar, 2 parts; burnt alum, 2 parts; prepared chalk, 20 parts;
honey, 40 parts; oil of cloves and roses to perfume. Mix.
Alcoholic Extract of Nux Vomica.
Rasped nux vomica, 1 part; strong alcohol, 6 parts. Digest, strain and
distil off the spirit.
Perfumer's Oil of Cassia.
Finest oil of cloves, 3 parts; ground cassia, I part. Pour the oil warm
on the cassia; macerate for three or four days or more, then strain with
expression.
Odoriferous Esprit.
Oil of rosemary, 2 drachms; essence of Tonquin bean, 4 drachms; oil
of originam, 12 drops; oil of cassia, 20 drops; oil of cajeput, 10 drops;
tincture of angelica, 1 drachm; oil of cloves, 1 drachm; essence of lemon,
2 drachms; essence of musk, 2 drachms; essence of ambergris, 2 drachms;
essence of almonds, 6 drops; ottar of roses, 6 drops; alcohol, 1 quart.
Mix.
To remove unpleasant Odours.
If from a water-closet, put into it some powdered fresh-burnt lime, chloride of lime, wood ashes, or soap suds, and the disagreeable odour will be
absorbed or destroyed. Aromatic pastiles may also be burnt, but it must
be recollected that they do not destroy the smell, they only disguise it with
one more powerful. A little powdered quicklime put into a night-pan, will
effectually destroy any disagreeable odour, a purpose very important to effect
in a sick chamber.
Common Oil Varnish.
Resin, 4 pounds; bees'-wax (genuine), J pound; boiled oil, 1 gallon.
Mix with heat, then add spirits of turpentine, 2 quarts.
Oil of Tartar.
Take pearlash; put it into a flat jar or vessel, and expose it in a damp
cellar until it becomes liquid; pour off the clear.
Oil Colours, in Bladders or Bottles.
As for oil-colour cakes, and increase the quantity of oil to reduce them
to the proper consistence.
To Extract Oil from Boards.
Fuller's earth, 5 parts; soft soap, 1 part; pearlash, 1 part; boiling water
to mix. Lay it on hot, then let it remain until dry; scour off with soap.
To Extract Oil from Stone or Marble.
Soft soap, 1 part; Fuller's earth, 2 parts; potash, 1 part; boiling wariteto mix. Lay it on the spots of grease and let it remain for a few hours.
The Oils.
Oil of vitriol, oil of turpentine, rape oil, equal parts. Mix with great
care.
17




ï~~198

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Oil-colour Cakes.
Gum mastic, 1 part; turpentine, 12 parts. Dissolve and grind the colours
in it; let them dry, then place your stone over charcoal until hot, and grind
your prepared colours on it, reducing them to the proper consistence with
the following composition in a melted state; lastly, take a piece and mould
it: Spermaceti, 3 parts; poppy oil, I part. Mix, with heat. These cake
colours are to be rubbed down with a little poppy oil and turpentine for
use.
Odor Delectabilis.
Rose-flower water, 1 pint; orange-flower water, 1 pint; oil of cloves, 3
drachms; oil of lavender, 3 drachms; essence of musk, 3 drachms; oil of
bergamot, 7 drachms; musk, 8 grains; alcohol, j gallon. Macerate for
six days.
Ointment for Chaps and Eruptions of the Skin.
Simmer ox-marrow over a fire, and afterwards strain it through a piece
of muslin into gallipots. When cold, rub the part affected.
Simple Ointment.
Lard, 66 pounds; suet, 40 pounds. Melt, and add water, 2 gallons.
Continue stirring until cold
To Strengthen Old Pictures.
Give two or three coats of good paint to their backs.
Onion's Fusible Metal.
Tin, 2 parts; lead, 3 parts; bismuth, 5 parts. Melt. This fuses at
1970 Fahr. The addition of a little mercury renders it still more fusible.
To Pickle Onions.
Take off the outside skin and  top and tail" them, then put them into
the bottles and add sufficient vinegar to cover them. Put also a few minustard-seeds into each bottle, a blade of mace, and a capsicum. It is said
that a spoonful of salad oil to each bottle will keep the onions white.
Opake White Paste.
Plain paste, 100 parts; bone powder, 10 parts. Mix.
Factitious Opal.
1. Strass, 500 parts; horn silver, 10 parts; calcined magnetic ore, 2
parts; chalk marl, 25 parts. Mix in fine powder, and fuse with great
care.
2. Plain paste, 100 parts; calcined bones, 6 parts.
Extract of Opium.
Opium, 1 part; water, 7 parts. Mix, digest, and strain, then evaporate
to the consistence of an extract.
Homberg and Baume's Purified Opium.
Opium, 1 pound; water, 1 gallon. Boil until dissolved, strain and
evaporate at a boiling heat, to the consistence of a thick extract.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECBIPT8.

19

Ointment of Opium.
Powdered opium, 1 pert; simple ointment, 25 parts. Mix.
Opium Plaster.
Diachylon, 2 pounds; thurids, 6 ounces; opium, 1 ounce; water, I poutd
Mix. Anodyne and soporific.
Purified Opium.
Take opium, pick it, and reduce it with water to the consistence of an
extract.
Strained Opium.
Opium, 3 parts; water, 2 parts. Reduce them to a paste, and press it
through a strainer.
Orangeade.
Sugar, 1 pound; tartaric acid, * ounce; essence of orange, 35 drops.
Rub together, then add water, 3 quarts.
Orange Brandy.
Sugar, 30 pounds; water, 26 gallons. Dissolve, then add proof-spirnt,
65 gallons; essence of orange, 3 ounces. Mix well.
To Escape from a Room or House on Fire.
Crawl out on your hands and knees. The smoke always fills the upper
part of the room first.
To Extinguish Fire.
Dissolve pearlash, soda, wood-ashes or common salt in the water, before
it is put into the engine, and direct the jet on the burning wood work.
The proportion may be twenty pounds to every fifty gallons; the more,
however, the better.
Filbert Ice Cream.
One quart of cream, one pound of nuts, and twelve ounces of sugar, or
one pint of syrup; break the nuts, and roast the kernels in the oven,
when done, pound them with a little cream, and make a custard; ther.
mix, and finish by freezing.
For Burnt Filbert Ice Cream, use the same preparations as in filbert ice;
put the kernels into the syrup, and boil till it comes to the blow; stir the
sugar with a spatula, that it may grain and adhere to the nuts; when cold,
pound them with the sugar quite fine; make a custard, and mix them with
it, allowing for the sugar that is used for the nuts; mix, and freeze.
To Prevent Haystacks Catching Fire.
If you suspect that the hay when stacked is not sufficiently dry, let a
few handfuls of common salt (well dried) be thrown between each layer.
This will absorb the moisture from the hay, and also conduce to the health
of the cattle which feed on it.
Fish Sauce.
Red wine, I gsllon; white wine, 3 pints; walnut catsup, 4 pints, an.
chovies, 2 pints; spice to relish. Boil, strain, and bottle.




ï~~200

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Fish Oil for Painting.
Fish oil, 100 gallons; ground litharge, 12 pounds; ground sulphate of
zinc. 2 pounds. Boil together for two hours, then cool a little and add
soap, 3 pounds; dissolved in water, 1 gallon. Mix well, then add boiled
ail, 8 gallons; turpentine, 2 gallons. Well mix.
Prechtl's method of Preserving Living Fish.
Stop their mouths up with crumbs of bread steeped in brandy, pour a
very small quantity of brandy into them, and pack them in clean straw.
In this way it is said fish may be preserved in a torpid state for twelve or
fifteen days, and when put into water will come to life again after three or
four hours.
To Preserve Fish.
Salmon and some other kinds of fish are often preserved by placing them
in jars and pouring sweet salad-oil over them until covered, then bunging
up quite air-tight.
Ointment for Fistula in Cattle.
1. Resin, 2 pounds; oil of turpentine, 2 pounds; suet, 2 pounds;
powdered verdigris, 12 ounces. Mix.
2. Tallow, 3 pounds; Venice turpentine, 3 pounds; oil of vitriol,
pound; sulphate of copper, J pound. Add the blue vitriol (dissolved in
the acid) very cautiously to the melted ointment.
3. Tallow, 5 parts; lard, 2 parts; red precipitate, 1 part. Mix.
Composition for Fixed Brilliants.
Meal gunpowder, 16 parts; zinc, or steel, or cast-iron borings, 6 parts.
Mix.
Composition for Fixed Stars.
Nitre, 12 parts; sulphur, 6 parts; meal gunpowder, 12 parts; antimony,
1 part. Mix. The bottom of the rocket must be stuffed with clay; one
diameter of rocket composition must be then introduced, and the remainder
filled with the above mixture; the case is then to be tied up, and the pasteboard pierced with five holes for the escape of the luminous rays.
Flash.
Thick sugar colouring, 9 parts; extract of capsicm:n, 3 parts. Mix.
Used to colour, and give a false strength to spirits..    To Remove Flatulency after Eating.
Take a spoonful of the following mixture in a little water as soon alter
eating as convenient: Magnesia, 3 drachms; carbonate of soda, 2 drachms,
sal-volatile, 4 drachms; rose-water, 7 drachms. Mix, and well shake the
bottle before taking a dose.
Flesh Colour for Staining Glass.
Red lead, 1 part; red enamel, 2 parts. Mix with alcohol.
Powder to destroy Flies.
White arsenic, 1 part; white sugar, 30 parts; rose pink, 1 part. Mix
Mark it poison.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

201

To remove Flies from Rooms.
Black pepper (powdered), 1 drachm; brown sugar, 1 drachm; milk o,
cream, 2 drachms. Mix, and place it on a plate oi saucer where the flies
are most troublesome.
Poison for Flies.
Rasped quassia, sugar, equal parts. Put them into a plate or saucer;
and pour on them a sufficient quantity of boiling water.
Flint Glass.
1. Nitre, 1 part; pearlash, 5 parts; litharge, 7 parts; fine sand, 13
parts.
2. Arsenic, 1 part; magnesia, 1 part; nitre, 30 parts; refined pearla-h
150 parts; red lead, 320 parts; fine white sand, 490 parts. Mix.
Flint Powder.
Take flints, heat them, and throw them into cold water, dry, and grind
them.
Floating Soap.
Fine soda oil soap (in shavings), 9 parts; water, 1 part. Put them into
a clean copper, place it in a water-bath, melt, then agitate the mixture until
its volume is doubled, or until it becomes wholly composed of froth, then
pour it out to cool and cut it into cakes.
Common Flour of Mustard.
Flour of mustard (fine yellow), 28 pounds; wheat flour, 28 pounds;
cayenne pepper, 8 ounces, as required; common salt, 10 pounds; rape oil,
3 pounds, more or less; turmeric to colour. Mix well together and pass
it through a fine sieve.
Flour Paste.
Water, 1 quart; alum, I ounce. Dissolve, and when cold, add flour to
make it of the consistence of cream, then bring it to a boil, stirring it all
the while.
Hard Flour Paste.
To the above add a little pdAdered resin aid a clove or two before boiling. This will keep for twelve months. When dry it may be softened
with water.
To produce Flour that will keep well.
Make the flour from kiln-dried grain.
To Improve New Seconds Flour.
Carbonate of magnesia, 45 grains; flour, 1 pound. Mix and use the
flour as usual.
To Preserve Flowers in Salt.
Common salt,   pounds; flowers, 10 gallons. Beat them to a paste and
preserve it in wi e-mouthed jars or bottles. This plan furnishes the perfumer with flowers at any season of the year. The scent is not only much
improved, but the flowers rendered more suitable for the purposes of dis.
tillation.




ï~~202

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Flowers of Ointments.
Yellow resin, 64 pounds; yellow wax, 15 pounds; suet, 25 pounds;
Burgundy pitch, 8 pounds; oil, 2 pounds. Mix.
To Gather and Preserve Flowers.
Collect them when in full bloom, and dry them in a gentle heat, (say
uot exceeding 1300 Fahr.)  The colours of many flowers may be reserved by dipping them into boiling water for a moment before drying
then.
To Restore Faded Flowers.
Put the flowers into scalding hot water, sufficiently high to cover one
third of their stems; let them stand until the water is cold, then cut oil
the soft part of the stems and place them in cold water.
Alloy for Flute Key Valves.
Lead, 4 parts; antimony, 2 parts. Fuse.
Cornish Reducing Flux.
Tartar, 40 parts; nitre, 15 parts; borax, 12 parts. Mix.
Cornish Refining Flux.
Nitre, 2 parts; tartar, 1 part. Powder and deflagrate together.
White Flux.
1. Nitre, I part; tar, 2 parts. Mix.
2. Nitre, tartar, equal parts. Deflagrate in a crucible.
Foils for Crystals, Pastes, <cc.
Put two or three layers of tin foil into the socket made for the stone,
heat it gently and fill it with quicksilver, let it rest two or three minutes,
then pour it out, and place in the stone.
Curriers' Foot Oil.
Strained tallow, train oil, equal parts. Melt.
Ointment for the Foot Rot.
Lard, 1 pound; turpentine, 1 pound; ihllow, 1 pound; sulphate of
copper (powdered), 1 pound; rape oil, 1 pound; black resin, 1 pound
Melt, and well mix.
Formic Acid, or Acid of Ants.
Tartaric acid, 10 parts; black oxide of manganese, 14 parts; concen
tinted sulphuric acid, 15 parts; water, 25 parts. Distil. Named,acid
of ants" from having been formerly only obtained from the bodies of wood
ants by infusion.
Fowler's Mineral Lotion.
1. White arsenic, 64 grains; compound spirit of lavender, 1 ounce;
distilled water, 15 ounces. Mix.
2. White arsenic, 65 grains; salt of tartar, 65 grair; distilled water,
1 pint. Boil, and, when cold, scent with lavender, and add distilled water
to make it an exact pint. Used in agues. Dose, from two to twelve drops
for an adult, three times a (day.




ï~~PITACTICAL RECEip'rs                         203
To preserve the Peels of Fruit.
The portion of the peel to be preserved should be separated from the
rest, and dried in a gentle heat.
Pennyroyal Water.
1. Dry pennyroyal, 12 pounds; water, 12 gallons. Distil over ten
gallons.
2. Oil of pennyroyal, 1 pound; water, 40 gallons. Draw off thirty-five
gallons.
Peppermint Cordial.
1. White sugar, 13 cwt.; water, 15 gallons. Break the sugar into pieces,
put it into a 120 gallon cask, and pour the water on it; let it stand until
the next day, then put a stick into the bung-hole and rummage until dissolved; next add English oil of peppermint, 2 ounces; proof-spirit, 40
gallons. Well mix, and further add water sufficient to make up 106 gallons. Let it stand until fine.
2. Water, 50 gallons; sugar, 200 pounds. Make them into a syrup,
then add proof-spirit, 40 gallons; oil of peppermint, 4 ounces. Mix well
and fine. Kill the oil with a little sugar and spirit before you add it to the
syrup.
Common Oil of Peppermint.
Castor oil, peppermint oil, alcohol, equal parts. Mix.
Best Peppermint Lozenges.
1. Finest lump-sugar (powdered), 2300 parts; smalts, 1 part; English
oil of peppermint, 12 parts. Mix with mucilage. Be careful to turn them
out of hand in proper style, as on this depends their fitness for sale.
2. Fine Transparent. Best powdered white sugar, 2300 parts; smalts,
I part; English oil of peppermint, 12 parts; oil of almonds, 20 parts;
mucilage to mix. Do not powder the sugar too fine, and roll the cake very
thin before cutting.
3. Good. Sugar (very white), 7 pounds; blue starch, 1 pound; oil of
peppermint to flavour. Mix with mucilage.
4. Second Quality. Good lump-sugar (powdered), 2000 parts; smalts,
1 part; English oil of peppermint, 10 parts. Mix with mucilage.
5. Third Quality. Powdered lump-sugar, 2000 parts; clean plaster of
Paris (baked), 200 parts; smalts or indigo, I part; common oil of peppermint, 10 parts. Mix with mucilage. Be sure to have the plaster white,
and sifted through fine lawn.
6. Fourth Quality. Common white sugar, 2000 parts; Paris plaster
(fine and sifted), 755 parts; smalts or indigo, I part; commonest oil of
peppermint, 10 parts. Mix with mucilage. More plaster may be used for
a still commoner article.
Peppermint Water.
1. Oil of peppermint, 1 pound; water, 45 gallons. Draw over thirty.
four to thirty-six gallons.
2. Green peppermint, 1 cwt. (or less); water, 40 gallons. Draw over
thirty-fl 4 gallons.




ï~~204

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Black Pepper Ointment.
Fi'tnely-powdered pepper, 4 ounces; finely-powdered capsicum, J ounce
lard, 1 pound. Well mix. Very stimulant and irritating. One part of
the ointment (according to circumstances) to two of lard, forms an excellent external application in cases of impotence.
Perfume Bags, for Drawers, 4c.
Coriander-seeds, orris root, cassia, cloves, each, in coarse powder, I
ounce; lavender flowers, 8 ounces; rose-leaves, 8 ounces. Mix, and put
the powder into small calico bags, and afterwards cover them with silk or
satin.
Marston's prepared Black Pepper.
Take black peppercorns, soak them in salt and water for three days,
then dry and grind them.
Red Permanent Ink.
Vermihlion, 4 parts; sulphate of iron, 1 part; drying oil to mix. Any
other colour will ans'wt r besides red. This ink will resist most of the usual
reagents.
Black Permanent Ink.
Nitrate of silver, 2 parts; distilled water, 28 parts; sap green, 1 part.
Dissolve.
For the Mordant-Common soda, 2 parts; gum arabic, f part; soft
water, 8 parts. Mix, and moisten the linen with this fluid, and well dry,
before using the ink.
Permanent White.
Take a solution of muriate of barytes, and precipitate the earth with
dilute sulphuric acid, wash the powder in two or three waters, and dry it.
Plaster of Peroxide of Iron.
Diachylon, 50 pounds; yellow resin, 12 pounds; yellow wax, 6 pounds;
sweet oil, 8 pounds; peroxide of iron, 16 pounds. Mix, with heat.
A Remedy against Flies and Maggots in Living Animals.
Wash with a strong decoction of elder bark, mixed with an equal quantity of spirits of turpentine.
Ointment for Sore Eyes in Dogs.
Nitrate of quicksilver ointment, 1 part; tutty and lard, 1 part. Mix
To be applied very lightly. Or, wash the eyes once a day with a very
weak solution of saltpetre.
Distemper in Dogs.
Pass a red-hot iron through the skin on top of his neck, and pass through
the aperture a thick woollen string; this must be drawn round once or
twice a day, to promote a free discharge of matter. If the dog is bound,
give him some laxative medicine; if too loose, give a little strong salt and
water, once a day. In many instances the same medicines that would be
recommended to man, would in like manner prove beneficial to dogs.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.                         2W)5,Perpetual Ink, for Tombstones, Marble, 4c.
Pitch, 11 parts; lampblack, 1 part; turpentine sufficient. Mix witn
heat.
Persian Cream.
Bichloride of mercury, 5 parts; almor / emulsion, 900 parts; essence
of almonds, 15 parts; essence of neroli, i parts; spirits of wine, 60 parts
Mix.
Pew's Composition for covering Buildings.
Take the hardest and purest limest me (white marble is to be preferred),
free from sand, clay, or other matter; calcine it in a reverberatory furnace,
pulverize and pass it through a sieve. One part, by weight, is to be mixed
with two parts of clay well baked and similarly pulverized, conducting the
whole operation with great care. This forms the first powder. The second
is to be made of one part of calcined and pulverized gypsum, to which is
added two parts of clay, baked and pulverized. These two powders are to
be combined, and intimately incorporated, so as to form a perfect mixture.
When it is to be used, mix it with about a fourth part of its weight of water, added gradually, stirring the mass well the whole time, until it forms
a thick paste, in which state it is to be spread like mortar upon the desired
surface. It becomes in time as hard as stone, allows no moisture to penetrate, and is not cracked by heat. When well prepared it will last any
length of time. When in its plastic or soft state, it may be coloured of any
desired tint.
Pewter.
1, Tin, 100 parts; antimony, 17 parts. Mix.
2. Zinc, I part; copper, 3 parts; lead, 8 parts; tin, 60 parts. Melt
the copper, then add the rest.
3. Fine. Tin, 50 parts; antimony, 4 parts; bismuth, 1 part; copper, I
part. Mix, as before.
4. French. Lead, 9 parts; tin, 41 parts. Mix
Phosphorus.
Calcined bones, 15 parts; water, 30 parts; oil of vitriol, 6 parts. Mix,
and let them remain together for twelve hours, then add more water, strain,
and wash the sediment with repeated doses of hot water; mix the several
waters together and evaporate to the consistence of an extract, then mix it
with powdered charcoal, and distil with the beak of the retort in water.
Phosphorous Bottles.
1. Phosphorus, 2 parts; powdered lime, 1 part. Mix with care and
put it into a well-stopped phial, and expose it to heat for half an hour.
1. Phosphorus, 3 parts; white wax, 1 part. Melt in a closed bottle
(carefully) together; and, when cooling, coat the sides by turning it round.
Liquid Pickle for Meat.
Brown sugar, bay salt, common salt, each, 5 pounds; saltpetre, 1 pound:
pimento (bruised), 5 ounces; black pepper (bruised), 3 ounces; nutmegs
(rasped), 1 ounce; boiling water, 5 gallons. Mix. This not only imparts
a fine red colour to the meat, but also gives it a most delicious flavour.
18




ï~~206

PRACTICAL  RECEIPTI'S.

Picalilly.
1. White cabbages (sliced), cauliflowers (in pieces), radishes, French
beans, celery (in pieces), elder flowers (in clusters, unopened), equal parts.
Salt them for two or three days, then drain and mix them with apples and
cucumbers (sliced), equal parts, and spice with ginger, garlic, turmeric,
long pepper and mustard-seed. Put them all into the bottles, and pour on
them strong vinegar.
2. Indian Method. This consists of all kinds of pickles mixed and p it
into one large jar; girkins, sliced cucumbers, button onions, cauliflowers,
broken in pieces. Salt them, or put them in a large hair sieve in the sun to
dry for three days, then scald them in vinegar a few minutes; when cold
put them together. Cut a large white cabbage in quarters, with the outside
leaves taken off and cut fine, salt it, and put it in the sun to dry for three
or four days; then scald it in vinegar, the same as cauliflower, carrots,
three parts, boiled in vinegar and a little bay salt. French beans, rack
samphire, radish-pods, and nasturtiums, all go through the same process as
girkins, capsicums, &c. To one gallon of vinegar put four ounces of ginger, bruised, two ounces of whole white pepper, two ounces of allspice,
half an ounce of chillies, bruised, four ounces of turmeric, one pound of the
best mustard, half a pound of shallots, one ounce of garlic, and half a pound
of bay salt. The vinegar, spice, and other ingredients, except the mustard,
must boil half an hour; then strain it into a pan, and put the mustard into
a large basin with a little vinegar; mix it quite fine and free from lumps,
then add more; when well mixed put it to the vinegar just strained off,
and when quite cold put the pickles into a large pan, and the liquor over
them; stir them repeatedly, so as to mix them all; finally, put them into
a jar, and tie them over first with a bladder, and afterwards with leather.
The capsicums want no preparation.
Pickling Salt.
Brown sugar, 10 parts; bay salt, 15 parts; saltpetre, 1 part. Mix.
Fine Picture Varnish.
Fine-picked mastic, 12 pounds; clean glass, coarsely pounded, 5 pounds;
colourless spirits of turpentine, 5 gallons. Put them into a suitable vessel,
and agitate for four or five hours, repeat the same next day, then let it set
tle for several months, and pour off the clear.
Injection for Ulcerated Piles.
1. Sulphate of zinc, 1 drachm; water, 30 ounces. Mix.
2. Sulphate of copper, 40 grains; water, 1 quart. Mix.
3. Nitrate of silver, 35 grains; water, 1 quart. Mix.
Ointment for the Piles.
Ointment of nitrate of mercury, 1 ounce; extract of belladonna, 3 ounce,
spermaceti ointment, 31 ounces. Mix, and apply night and morning.
This ointment is particularly useful when the disease is accompanied
with much itching and irritation.
2. Spermaceti ointment, 80 parts; powdered opium, 1 part; powdered
galls, 16 parts; acetate of lead, 2 parts. Mix.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS

207

Instantaneous Light Matches.
1. Chlorate of potash and flowers of sulphur, each 10 parts; vermilion,
2 parts. Oil of turpentine to mix. Dip the ends of the matches previ)usly sulphured and steeped in turpentine into this paste and dry.
2. Chlorate of potash, 10 parts; sugar and sulphur, each 3 parts;
wheat flour and vermilion, each 1 part. Spirit to mix. For use, dip them
into the instantaneous light bottles.
Essence of Meadow Sweet.
Flowers, 1 pound; water, 5 pounds. Steep at a hand heat for three
hours, then decant or strain, and add spirit, 1 ounce.
Meat Pickle.
1. Common salt, 7 pounds; molasses, 4 pounds; saltpetre, 1 pound.
Water barely enough to dissolve.
2. Salt, 12 pounds; sugar or treacle, 2 pounds; saltpetre,   pound;
water, 7 or 8 gallons. Mix. The same pickle will do for a long time, by
simply boiling and straining it. It may, however, occasionally have a little of each ingredient added, to keep up its strength.
To preserve JMeat.
1. Place the meat in an open wicker basket, and put it into a running
spring; in four to six days it will begin to rise to the surface, then use it.
It will be perfectly fresh.
2. Take a clean charred cask and strew over its bottom a handful each
of flowers of sulphur and iron filings, then pour on the required quantity
of boiling water, over which pour a thin layer of salad oil; allow the
whole to cool, and suspend the meat in the water, so that it is perfectly
covered; let it rest until wanted for use, then wash it in clean water.
Meat treated in this way will keep fresh for a long time.
Keller's Medal Alloy.
Tin, 9 parts; copper, 89 parts; zinc, 2 parts.
Medallion Wafers.
Take good glue, and colour to fancy with vermilion, turmeric, braziiwood, &c., then pour it into mnoulds, or on a marble slab previously oiled,
and when partly cold, cut and stamp the cake as required.
Rules to administer Medicine.
For an adult, suppose the dose to be one drachm; under 1 year will
require only one-twelfth 5 grains; under 2 years, one-eighth 8 grains;
under 3 years, one-sixth 10 grains; under 4 years, one quarter 15 grains;
t;nder 7 years, one-third I scruple; under 14 years, one-half X drachm;
under 20 years, two-thirds 2 scruples; above 21 years the full dose of I
drachm; 65 the inverse gradation of the above. This is an excellent table
for regulating the doses of medicines: a mixture, powder, pill or draught.
may be proportioned to a nicety by attention to the above rules.
Melilot Suet or Ointment.
Suet or tallow, 10 pounds; melilot leaves, 2 pounds. Boil until the
heaves become crisp.




ï~~208

PRACTICAL  RECEIPTS.

Mlelilot Plaster for Horses.
1. Yellow resin, 7 pounds; yellow wax, 3 pounds; suet, 2 pounds,
green melilot, 4 pounds. Melt and keep them on the fire until the meliiot
is crisp.
2. Yellow resin, 8 pounds; yellow wax, 1 pound; tallow, 3 pounds.
Meliiot sufficient to give it a smell. Copper to colour. Genuine wax need
not 1* _sed; factitious wax will do as well.
Bistre.
This is an excellent light brown colour, prepared from wood soot; it is
used for co'ouring confectionary.
Stimulating Drops for Suppression of the Menses.
Compound tincture of aloes, 3 ounces; tincture of black hellebore and
tincture of castor, each 2 drachms; tincture of lytte, 5 scruj les. Mix.
Dose-one tea-spoonful three times a day.
For a Cough.
Roast a large lemon very carefully without burning; when it is tho
roughly hot, cut and squeeze it into a cup, upon three ounces of sugar
candy finely powdered; take a spoonful whenever your cough troubles
you. It is as good as it is pleasant.
For the same.
Take two ounces of syrup of poppies, as much conserve of red roses.
Mix, and take one spoonful for three nights when going to rest.
For the same, with a Hoarseness.
Syrup of jujubes and althea, of each two ounces; lohoch sanans, one
ounce; saffron and water-flag powdered, of each a scruple. Lick it off a
liquorice-stick when you cough.
For a Hoarseness.
Take every night, going to rest, half a pint of mum, as warm as you
can drink it at a draught, for three nights together.
For a Hooping-Cough, very good.
Take a quart of spring-water, put to it a large handful of chin-cups that
grow upon moss, a large handful of unset hyssop; boil it to a pint, strain
it off, and sweeten it with sugar-candy. Let the child, as often as it coughs,
take two spoonfuls at a time.
Another for a Cough.
Make a strong tea of ale-hoof, sweeten it with sugar-candy, pour this
upon a white toast, wellrubbed with nutmeg, and drink it first and last.
For a Consumptive Cough.
Take half a pound of double-refined sugar, finely beat and sifted, wet
this wita orange-flower water, and boil it up to a candy height; then stir
in an ounce of cassia-earth finely powdered, and use it as with any othe
candy.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

209!Metallic Varnish, for Coach-Work, 4fc.
Asphaltum, 56 pounds; melt, then add litharge, 9 pounds; red lead, 7
pounds; boil, then add boiled oil, 12 gallons; yellow resin, 12 pounds.
Again boil, until, on cooling, the mixture may be rolled into pills, then add
spirits of turpentine, 30 gallons; lamp-black, 7 pounds. Mix well.
Metheglin.
Honey, 2 cwt.; warm water, 40 gallons, or more. Put them into a
cask, let them remain together for twelve hours, then well rummage them,
and add hops, J pound; yeast, 1 pint. Ferment.
To drive away lMice.
Strew some of the cynoglossum, or hound's tongue, bruised, about the
parts where they frequent.
Microcosmic Salt.
Phosphate of soda, phosphate of ammonia, equal parts. Water sufficient. Dissolve, evaporate, and crystallize. A small excess of ammonia
promotes the crystallization.
Microscopic Cement.
Isinglass, 2 parts; gum, 1 part; water, 2 parts. Dissolve, then mix in
alcohol, 1 part.
Millefleurs Perfume.
Essence of lemon, 3 ounces; essence of ambergris, 4 ounces; oil of
caraway, 2 ounces; oil of lavender, 3 ounces. Mix.
French Milk of Roses.
Rose-water, 5 pounds; tincture of storax and tincture of benzoin, each
I ounces; spirits of roses, 1 ounce; rosemary water, 1 pint. Mix.
A Substitute for Milk.
Take three eggs and break them into a basin, beat them well, then add
hot water (gradually) half a pint, and beat them again until quite smooth.
Milk of Roses.
1. Bitter almonds (blanched) and water, each 8 ounces; elder-flower
water, 6 ounces; salt of tartar, I drachm; tincture of benzoin, 2 drachms.
Mix and strain.
2. Oil of almonds, 4 ounces; pearlash, 1 drachm; rose-water, 12
ounces; essence of bergamot and orange-flower water, each 1 ounce. Reduce the oil and pearlash to a milk, with a little of the rose-water, by rubbing together in a mortar, then add gradually the remainder of the waters,
and well mix.
3. Sweet almonds (blanched), 1 pound; oil of almonds and castile soap,
each 1 ounce; white wax, 7 drachms; spermaceti, 3 drachms; oil of lavender and oil of bergamot, each   drachm; rose-water, 7 pints; alcohol.
1 pint. Mix.
4. Blanched sweet almonds, 7 pounds; rose-water, 5 gallons. Reduce
them to a milk and strain, then add spirit of wine, 1 gallon; oil of lavender, t ounce; eastile-soap, 1 pound; ottar of roses, about 60 drops
18*




ï~~GII)               PRACTICAL RECEIP'1.
Millefleurs Pomatum.
Lard and suet, each 1 pound; white wax, 2 ounces, essence of lemon,
Sounce; essence of musk, 60 drops; gum benzoin, 1 ounce. Melt the
solids, then withdraw the pot from the fire; and, when partly cold, stir in
the essences.
German Milk of Roses.
Sugar of lead and spirits of lavender, each 1 ounce; rose-water and
almond milk, each 6 ounces; water, 16 ounces; rosemary water, 2 ounces.
Mix.
Milk of Wax.
White wax and alcohol, equal parts. Mix with heat in a porcelain vessel, then pour it on a slab, grind to a paste with more alcohol, and as soon
as it appears of a perfectly even consistence, add water gradually to' the
amount of three and a half to four times the weight of the wax; grind to
a fine emulsion, and strain through canvass.
Sugar of Milk.
Take whey, clarify with white of egg, and evaporate.
A very good Pectoral Drink for Consumptive Cough.
Take quitch-grass roots, 2 ounces; eringo-roots 1 ounce; loris, 2
drachms; hartshorn, 1 ounce; stoned raisins, 2 ounces; figs, 6; one
spoonful of pearl-barley; colts-foot and sage of Jerusalem, of each one
handful. Boil these in three pints of water, till a third part is wasted;
strain it, and dissolve therein two drachms of sal-prunella and one ounce
of syrup of violets. Drink a quarter of a pint often, when you cough oi
are dry.
Pills for Shortness of Breath.
Take a quarter of an ounce of powder of elecampane-root, half an ounce
of powder of liquorice, as much flower of brimstone and powder of aniseed,
and two ounces of sugar-candy powdered. Make all into pills, with a sufficient quantity of tar: take four large pills when going to rest. This is
an incomparable medicine for an asthma.
Another for the same.
Take half a pint of the juice of stinging-nettles; boil and scum it, and
mix it up with as much clarified honey. Take a spoonful morning and
evening.
For an Asthma.
Take hyssop-water and poppy-water, of each 5 ounces; oxymel of
squills, 3 ounces; syrup of maiden-hair, 1 ounce. Take one spoonful
when you find any difficulty of breathing.
A good Drink in a Consumption.
Take of St. John's-wort, the great daisy-flowers (called ox-eyes) and
scabious, of each two handfuls. Boil these in a gallon of spring-water
till half be wasted, then strain it, and sweeten it with clarified honey to
your taste. Take a quarter of a pint of this in half a pint of new milk
morning and evening.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

211

To Cure Foxed Beer.
Add a handful or two of hops to the diseased beer, with a little powdered
alum.
To Remove Freckles.
1. Alysson seeds, 1 lart; honey, 2 parts. Make into a pommade.
2. Bichloride of mercury, 2 parts; hydrochloric acid, 1 part; spirit of
wine, 3 parts; milk of almonds, 25 parts; rose-water, 45 parts. Mix, and
apply night and morning.
Euphorbium Plaster.
Compound pitch plaster, 4 pounds; powdered euphorbium, 1 ounce,
Mix with care. Used to induce suppuration in encysted tumours.
Drying Ointment for Excoriations.
Oxide of zinc, 1 drachm; spermaceti ointment, 1 ounce. Mix.
Ointment for Obstinate Excoriations.
Ointment of nitrate of mercury, I ounce; superacetate of lead, 2 scruples;
spermaceti ointment, 2 ounces. Mix.
Expectorant Pills.
Take dried root of squills, in fine powder, one scruple, gum ammoniac,
lesser cardamom seeds, in powder, extract of liquorice, each one drachm.
Form them into a mass with simple syrup. This is an elegant and commodious form for the exhibition of squills, whether for promoting expectoration, or with the other intentions to which that medicine is applied. Dose,
six to twelve grains, three times a day.
Extract of Nosegay.
Spirit of jasmin, 65 parts; spirit of violets, 65 parts; spirit of cassia, 35
parts; spirit of roses, 35 parts; spirit of orange, 35 parts; spirit of clove
gilly flower, 35 parts; essence of amber, 13 parts; benzoic acid, 1 part.
Mix.
Extract of Peach Blossoms.
Alcohol, 15 pounds; bitter almonds, 6 pounds; spirits of orange-flower,
2 pounds; essence of bitter almonds, 1 ounce; essence of lemon, 4 ourfmes;
balsam of Peru, J ounce. Mix.
To make Extracts.
Take of the plant, root, or leaves you wish to make the extract from,
any quantity, add sufficient water, and boil them gradually, then pour off
the water and add a second quantity; repeat the process until all the virtue
is extracted, then mix the several decoctions, and evaporate at as low a
temperature as possible, to the consistence of an extract. Extracts are
better made in a water-bath, and in close vessels, and for some very deli.
cate articles, the evaporation may be carried on at a very low temperature,
in a vacuum, by surrounding the vessel with another containing sulphuric
acid  Manufacturing druggists usually add to every seven pounds of extract, gum arabic, 4 ounces; alcohol, 1 ounce; olive oil, I ounce. Thi'
mi xture gives the extract a gloss and keeps it soft.




ï~~112

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

French Marble for Books.
Provid6 a wooden trough, two inches deep, "six inches wide, and the
length of a super-royal sheet. Boil in a brass or copper pan any quantity
of Knseed and water until a thick mucilage is formed; strain it into the
Liough and let it cool; then grind on a marble slab any of the following
colours in small-beer: Prussian blue, king's yellow, rose pink, vermilion,
flake white, lamp-black, brown umber, green, blue and yellow, orange, red
and yellow, purple, red and blue, brown, black and yellow, or red.
The lamp-black and umber must be burnt over the fire to deprive them
of their greasy nature.
For each colour you must have two cups, one for the colour after grinding, the other to mix it with ox-gall, which must be used to thin the colours
at discretion. If too much gall is used, the colours will spread; when they
keep their place on the surface of the trough, when moved with a quill,
they are fit for use.
To prevent the water entering between the leaves of the book, tie it
tight between cutting-boards of the same size, and place the trough in a
steady situation, to prevent the colours from moving.
Having all things in perfect readiness for marbling, supposing you begin
with the blue, throw on with the brush bold spots of blue, sprinkle very
fine with the white on the blue spots, fill up the spaces with red and yellow, by dipping first the quill-top into the yellow, and touching the gum
therewith, then with the red. The red and yellow may be waved or drawn
round the blue spots with an iron pin, or as the marbler may think proper,
accore'mg to fancy.
HolAd the book with its edge downwards, and press it lightly on the co-. lour. so disposed on the gum, and the edge will be immediately marbled.
Thc, colours that may remain on the gum must be taken off, by applying
paper thereon, before you prepare for marbling again. In this manner you
may marble the edges to resemble the end-papers, which will have a pleasing
effect.
French Bread.
Take a pint of milk and put it into three quarts of water. In winter let
it be scalding hot, but, in summer, little more than milk-warm; put in salt
sufficient. Take a pint and a half of good ale yeast, free from bitterness,
and lay it in a gallon of water the night before. Pour off the yeast into the
milk and water, and then break in rather more than a quarter of a pound
of butter. Work it well till it is dissolved; then beat up two eggs in a
oasin, and stir them in. Mix about a peck and a half of flour with the
liquor, and, in winter, make the dough pretty stiff, but more slack in
summer; mix it well, and the less it is worked the better. Stir the liquor
into flour, as for pie-crust, and after the dough is made, cover it with a
cloth, and let it lie to rise, while the oven is heating. When the loaves
have lain in a quick oven about a quarter of an hour, turn them on the
other side for about a quarter of an hour longer. Then take them out, and
chip them with a knife, which will make them look spongy, and of a fine
yellow, whereas rasping takes off this fine colour, and renders their look
less inviting




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

213

Frank's Solution of Copaiba.
Is said to be made as follows: Copaiba, 11 pound; magnesia, 12 ounces.
Triturate together, then add spirit of wine, 1 quart. Filter, and add nitrous
ether, 2 ounces. Keep it closely corked.
Choice of Fowls.
If a cock, choose one with short spurs, observing that they have not been
pared or cut; if a hen, her comb and legs must be smooth; smell them
whether they are fresh, and feel whether the breast-bone is well covered;
if not, they have probably died from disease.
Lotion for Chronic Ulceration of the Eyelids.
Carbonate of zinc, 4 parts; laudanum, 2 parts; tincture of camphor, 3
parts; rose-water, 65 parts. Mix, and wash the part affected night and
morning.
Ointment for Inflammation of the Eyelids.
Protochloride of mercury, 40 grains; spermaceti ointment, 1 ounce.
Mix.
Ointment for Sore Eyelids.
Levigated red precipitate, 1 part; spermaceti ointment, 25 parts. Mix,
and apply with the tip of the finger every night on going to bed.
Eye Ointment.
1. Sulphate of zinc (in fine powder), 6 drachms; lard, 1 pound. Mix
carefully.
2. Sugar of lead, 7 drachms; lard, 1 pound. As before.
To Preserve the Eyesight.
1. Avoid sitting in the dark for any length of time.
2. Avoid straining the eyes by reading small print, or looking at minute
objects.
3. Avoid reading or writing much in the dusk of the evening or by
candle light.
4. Do not gaze for any length of time on bright or glaring objects, as
the fire, gaslight, &c.
5. Observe to hold your book, paper, or work, at a suitable distance from
the eyes.
Eye Water.
1. Sulphate of zinc, 1 part; water, 50 parts. Mix, and apply night and
morning. The bowels should be kept moderately open at the same time.
2. Nitrate of silver, 4 grains, or less; distilled water, 1 ounce; nitric
acid, 1 drop. Dissolve. For purulent ophthalmia in infants.
3. Acetate of lead, 4 grains; distilled water, 1 ounce. Dissolve. Foy
purulent ophthalmia, &c. in infants.
4. Alum, 6 grains; distilled water, 1 ounce. Dissolve. For puruleus
ophthalmia, &c. in infants.
Grease Ointment.
1. Tallow, 3 pounds; lard, 3 pounds; white lead, 1 pound. Mix.
2. Tallow, 2 pounds; rape oil, 8 ounces; Goulard's extract, 7 ounces.
Mix well.




ï~~214

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Grecian Gilding.
Take sal ammoniac and bichloride of mercury, equal parts, dissolve in
nitric acid, and make a solution of gold with this fluid, lay it on the silver
and expose it to a red heat; it will then be gilded.
Greek Fire.
Asphaltum, 30 parts; sulphur, 28 parts; nitre, 42 parts. Mix.
Greek Tincture for Dyeing the Hair.
Nitrate of silver, 11 parts; nitric acid, 1 part; sap green, 3 parts; gum
arabic, 1 part; distilled water, 180 parts. Mix.
Green Balsam.
Linseed oil, 14 pounds; powdered resin, 31 pounds; verdigris, 1 pound.
Mix.
Green Basilicon.
Common basilicon, 7 pounds; lard, 4 pounds; powdered verdigris, 1
pound. Mix.
Cheap and Beautiful Green.
Roman vitriol, 16 parts. Dissolve it in a kettle of water, then add yellow
arsenic, 1 part; pearlash, 8 parts. Mix. For a pea-green use less, for an
apple-green use more yellow arsenic.
Green Composition for Tree Fireworks.
Crystals of verdigris, 4 parts; blue vitriol, 2 parts; sal ammoniac, I
part. Grind to a paste with alcohol, and impregnate coarse cotton rovings
with the composition, then tastefully twist them round the trunk, branches,
&c., of the tree, and at once set fire to them.
Green Enamel.
Frit, 1 pound; oxide of copper, j ounce; red oxide of iron, 12 grains.
Green Flame.
Take alcohol, and dissolve a little of one of the salts of copper, or a little
borax in it.
Green Glaze.
Oxide of copper, 1 part; yellow glaze, 2 parts. Mix.
Green Ink.
1. Cream of tartar, 1 part; verdigris, 2 parts; water, 8 parts. Boil until
reduced to a proper colour.
2. Crystallized acetate of copper, 1 ounce; soft water, 1 pint. Mix.
Magnificent Green.
Sulphate of copper, 6 parts; arsenic, 8 parts; potash, 8 parts. Dissolve
separately, then mix, and add in a few minutes three or four parts of vinegar, or until the liquor smells slightly acid; set it aside, and after a few
hours collect the crystals. Use as little water as will possibly dissolve the
articles.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

21u

To take Fac-similes of Szgnatures.
Write your name on a piece of paper, and while the ink is wet sprinkle
over it some finely-powdered gum arabic, then make a rim round it and
pour on it some fusible alloy, in a liquid state. Impressions may be taken
from the plates formed in this way, by means of printing-ink and the
copperplate-press.
Green Marble for Leather Book Covers, 4-c.
The edge must be marbled with a good bright green only. Wh.n the
colour is prepared with the ox-gall, and ready for use, a few drops of sweet
oil must be mixed therein, the colour thrown on with a brush, in large
spots, till the gum is perfectly covered. The oil will make a light edge
round each spot, and have a good effect.
Blue, green, and brown may be also used separately in like manner.
Sheets of paper may be done, having a trough large enough, and the
sheets damped as ftbr printing, before marbling.
Spirits of turpentine may be sprinkled on the colours, which will make
white spots.
Green Paint.
1. Whiting, 1 cwt.; road dust, 1 cwt.; blue-black, 30 pounds; grcund
blue, 25 pounds; ochre, 30 pounds; lime-water, 9 gallons. Grind in
equal parts of linseed and factitious linseed oil.
2. Yellow ochre, 2 cwt.; road dust, 3 cwt.; blue-black, 25 pounds
lime-water, 15 gallons; blue to shade. Factitious linseed oil sufficient t(
grind to proper consistence.
Green Oil.
Rape oil, 1 gallon; verdigris, one ounce. Mix and boil until sufficiently
coloured.
To Procure Green Peas in Winter.
Take the peas when they are plenty, shell them, wash and scald in hot
water, then drain, put them into bottles, and pour strong brine on them
until they are perfectly covered; over this pour a thin layer of good salad
oil, and cork tight, then dip the corks into melted pitch. The bottles
should be quite full and kept upright.
Green Precipitate.
Take quicksilver, nitric acid, equal parts. Dissolve and reserve the
liquid, then take a similar quantity of copper and acid, and dissolve, mix
the two solutions, evaporate to dryness and calcine in a shallow vessel
until it ceases to emit red fumes.
Green Sealing -Wax.
Shell lac, 2 parts; yellow resin, 1 part; verdigris, 1 part. Powder and
mix by heating slowly.
Green Sprinkle for Books.
1. Yellow the edge, then sprinkle with dark blue.
2. French berries, 1 part; soft water, 8 parts. Boil and add a little
powdered alum; then bring it to the required shade of green, by adding!jquid blue.




ï~~r                PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.
Green Stain for Glass.
Calx of brass (oxidized brass), 1 part; minium, 1 part; white sand, 4
parts. Mix.
Composition for Grindstones.
River sand, 30 parts; shell lac, 10 parts; powdered glass, 2 parts. Melt
in an iron pot and cast in moulds. The fineness of the sand must depend
on the purposes for which the stone is required.
Ground for Metallic Lustres, for Pottery Ware.
Flints, 2 parts; white clay, 2 parts; china, 2 parts; felspar, 3 parts.
Grind.
Grouts.
Malt (ground). 1 gallon; water, 2 gallonis. Mix and keep them at a
temperature of 750 Fahr. until in a full state of fermentation, observing to
stir them repeatedly, then evaporate to the consistence of an extract. This
is used to make Devonshire white ale.
Grosvenor's Tooth Powder.
Prepared chalk, 10 parts; rose pink, 5 parts; bole, 2 parts; orris powder, 1 part. Mix. Scent with oil of rhodium.
Gum Lozenges.
1. Gum, white sugar, equal parts; starch glue, sufficient to mix; essence
of orange, to flavour.
2. Gum arabic, starch, white sugar, equal parts. Mix with rose-water.
Compound Gum Plaster.
Diachylon, 18 parts; gum ammoniac, 1 part; gum galbanum, 1 pan,
yellow wax, 1 part. Mix. Stimulant.
Gun Metal.
1. Brass, 100 parts; spelter, 13 parts; tin, 6 parts. Mix.
2. Copper, 9 parts; tin, 1 part.
French Government Gunpowder.
Nitre, 75 parts; charcoal, 12j parts; sulphur, 12J parts. Mix.
Gunpowder, of Bdle.
Nitre, 76 parts; charcoal, 14 parts; sulphur, 10 parts. Mix.
Gunpowder, of M. Guiton de Morveau.
Nitre, 76 parts; charcoal, 15 parts; sulphur, 9 parts. Mix.
Sporting Gunpowder.
Nitre, 77 parts; charcoal, 13 parts; sulphur, 9 parts.
Waltham Abbey (Royal) Gunpowder.
Sulphur, 2 parts; charcoal, 3 parts; nitre, 15 parts. Mix.
Prepared Gut Skins.
They are cleaned and prepared in the same way as for Sausages. The
blind gut is the one used.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS

217

Bougie for Piles.
Powdered galls, 1 ounce; olive oil, 2 ounce; white wax, I ounce.
Make them into a pear-shaped bougie of suitable size.
Compound Pitch Plaster.
Burgundy pitch, 6 parts; yellow resin, 8 parts; yellow wax, 3 parts;
lard, 7 parts; turpentine, 1 part; palm oil, 1 part; linseed oil, I part.
Mix.
To transfer Engravings to Plaster Casts.
Cover the plate with ink and polish its surface in the usual way, then
put a wall of paper round it, and when completed, pour in some finelypowdered plaster of Paris mixed in water; jerk the plate repeatedly, to allow the air-bubbles to fly upwards, and let it stand one hour; then take
the cast off the plate, and a very perfect impression will be the result.
Defensive Plasters.
Olive oil, I pound; suet, 8 ounces; wax, 20 ounces; litharge, 4 ounces;
turpentine, 4 ounces; resin, 8 ounces; bole, 2 ounces; wheat flour, 2 ounces.
Mix, with heat, and spread it while hot.
Simple Plaster, for Horses.
1. Yellow resin, yellow wax, each, 28 pounds; suet, 10 pounds, Mix,
with heat.
2. Yellow wax, 21 pounds; mutton suet, 15 pounds; yellow resin, 14
pounds. Mix, with heat.
3. Yellow wax, yellow resin, mutton suet, equal parts. Mix, with heat.
Spread Adhesive Plaster.
Diachylon, 2 pounds; yellow resin, I pound; common turpentine, I
ounce. Melt, pour it upon the cloth and spread it evenly.
Plate Powder.
1. Quicksilver with chalk, I part; whiting, 5 parts. Mix.
2. Quicksilver with chalk, 2 parts; prepared chalk, 14 parts; carbonate
of soda, 1 part. Mix.
3. Prepared chalk, 5 parts; levigated oxide of iron, 1 part. Mix. Use
idry.
To clean Plate.
1. Cream of tartar, common salt, alum, each, half an ounce; water, 2
luarts. Dissolve and wash the plate in the liquor, then rub it dry. This,ill make the articles appear like new.
2. Alum, cream of tartar, vinegar, equal parts; water, twice as much.
VIix. Add a little to the water you boil the plate in, or use it with a little
tot water and a cloth.
3. Vinegar, 11 parts; water, 12 parts; alum, 1 part; unslaked lime, I
part. Mix. Apply hot.
Platina for Springs.
Platinum, 1 part; gold, 12 parts. Add the platinumm to the gold in s
state of fusion.
19




ï~~2~8                PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.
Black Powder of Platina.
Take nuriate of platina, expose it to heat until it becomes a greemnish
yellow chloride, then dissolve it in a strong solution of potash, in a large
vessel, and add alcohol (cautiously) to precipitate the platina. Collect the
black powder and boil it in alcohol, filter, and repeat the boiling and filtering, first with muriatic acid, and then with a solution of potass, and lastly
with four or five times its weight of water; then wash it with pure water
and dry it on a porcelain capsule.
Lotion for Piles.
Compound solution of alum, 1 ounce; laudanum, 1 ounce; rose-watel
8 ounces. Mix.
Pimento Water.
Pimento, 56 pounds; water, 108 gallons. Draw off 100 gallons.
Pinchbeck.
1. Brass, 2 parts; copper, 3 parts. Melt under charcoal dust.
2. Copper, 5 parts; zinc, 1 part. Melt the copper, then add the zinc.
Pink Dye.
Washed safflowers, 1 ounce; pearlash, 4 scruples; spirit of wine, 4
ounces. Digest for three hours, then add soft water, 8 ounces. Digest for
five or six hours more, decant, and add distilled vinegar, a sufficient quantity to produce a fine rose-colour.
Pink Saucers.
Safflower or certhamus (washed), 8 ounces; subcarbonate of soda, 3
ounces; water, 2 gallons. Macerate, strain, and add French chalk (scraped
fine with Dutch rushes), 3- pounds; and precipitate the colour on it with
tartaric acid, a sufficient quantity.
Piperine.
Black pepper, 2 parts; alcohol, 3 parts. Digest for twelve hours, pouf
off the clear, and repeat the process until nothing more is taken up; then
mix and evaporate the tinctures; wash the residue with hot water, then
dissolve in alcohol and slowly evaporate, when crystals of piperine will be
obtained.
Piquante Sauce.
Soy, I part; port wine, 2 parts; cayenne, 2 parts; brown vinegar, 1 E
parts. Mix, and let them stand for three or four days before bottling.
Pistachio Cream.
Pounded pistachio nuts, 1 pound; cream, 1 quart; yolks of 2 eggs,
ueaten fine. Heat and stir them well, until the mixture grows thick, then
pour it into china soup-plates, and when cold stick it over with pieces of
the nut.
Tapioca Jelly.
Tapioca, I pound; water, 6 pints. Put them together over night, next
morning boil until quite clear and of a proper consistencei then flavour to
taste.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

219

Salt of Tartar.
Take argol, any quantity, calcine it till it becomes white, then dissolve
it in water, filter, evaporate, and crystallize.
Lozenges of Tartrate of Iron.
Tartrate of iron, 9 parts; white sugar, 240 parts; essence of mint,
part; mucilage sufficient quantity to mix. Form into fifteen-grain lozenges, each of which will contain about half a grain of the tartrate of iron.
Tar Varnish.
Tar, 2 gallons; tallow, I pound. Melt, then add ground ochre, 7 pounds;
spirits of turpentine, 6 pounds. Mix well. By regulating the quantity of
she ochre, a very excellent chocolate paint for rough out-door work will be
produced.
Tasteless Purging Salt.
Take powdered burnt bones. Nitric acid to dissolve. Add a solution
of sulphate of soda as long as any precipitate is produced; filter, distil off
the nitric acid, evaporate and crystallize.
Tawing.
Take the skins and soak them in the lime-pit for five or six weeks, then
rinse them well in clean water, and again soak them in water mixed with
bran, until they rise to the surface, and, when beaten down, do not rise
again; then take them out and scrape them clean; lastly, wash them over
repeatedly, or soak them in the following mixture for some time, then dry
them as quickly as possible: alum, 9 pounds; salt, 3. pounds. Dissolve
in warm water, then add wheat flour twenty-one pounds, and ninety or one
hundred yolks of eggs. Well mix, and dilute with a sufficient quantity
if water. This is enough for 100 or 120 skins.
Tea for Icing.
Cream for icing, 2 pints; strong tea, 4 ounces; sugar, 1 ounce. Yolks
of four eggs. Mix well and strain, ready for icing.
Soluble Tea.
Tea, 1 part; boiling water, 7 parts. Digest at a heat of 170 for half
an hour, and evaporate at a low temperature in a vacuum. In this way
can be made an excellent extract of tea, which preserves many of the virtues of the leaves, and will produce a cup of decent tea by adding a few
grains to the hot water. The lower the temperature at which the evaporation is carried on, the finer the quality
Substitutes for Tea.
1. Clean chopped meadow-hay is said to make a very good substitute
for tea, if used in the proportions of three to one.
2. Dried rosebuds, 5 parts; rosemary leaves, 1 part; balm, 2 parts.
Mix.
3. Strawberry and black currant leaves make a very good substitute for
tea when properly treated.
4. The herb spring-grass (anthoxanthum odoratum), when dried, forms
an excellent substitute for China tea, and is more wholesome.




ï~~v1

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Tar Ointment.
Tar, tallow, equal parts. Mix. Detergent.
Tears of the Widow of Malabar.
Water, 3 quarts; proof-spirit, 4 quarts; white sugar, 4 pounds; pow
dered cinnamon, J ounce; powdered cloves, j drachm; powdered maces
Sdrachm. Burnt sugar to tinge. Macerate for ten days in a closely
corked carboy.
Opiate for the Teeth.
Honey, 1 pound; laudanum, 8 ounces; oil of almonds, 1 ounce; es
sence of bergamot, 2 drachms; tincture of pellitory, 4 ounces. Mix well
and strain. Apply with a piece of cotton or lint.
Terra-Cotta.
Potter's clay, ryegate sand, and water, each a sufficient quantity. Model and bake.
Terro-Metalicum for filling Decayed Teeth.
Mineral succedaneum, and mix with it some levigated porcelain or china.
Apply it in the same manner as marmoratum.
Thernard's Blue.
Take oxide of cobalt and nitric acid. Digest, evaporate to a paste, then
dilute with water and filter; pour the clear liquor into a solution of phosphate of soda, wash the precipitate and mix it with eight times its weight
of pure gelatinous alumina, dry powder, and calcine at a cherry-red heat
for half an hour.
Binder's Thread Marble.
Yellow the edge; when-dry, cut pieces of thick thread over the edge,
which will fall on different parts irregularly, give it a fine dark sprinkle
and shake off the thread.
Tin Filings.
Take grain tin, melt it in an iron vessel, and stir it, while cooling, until
it becomes a powder, then sift it.
Tin in Grains.
Take Cornish grain tin, melt it, and pour it into a wooden box, well
rubbed on the inside with whiting or chalk; close the cover, and continue
shaking it violently until the tin is reduced to powder, then wash it in
clean water and dry it immediately.
Oxide of Tin.
Take tin and dissolve it in nitromuriatic acid in a close vessel, then pre
cipitate the oxide with an alkaline solution.
Tin Tree.
Into a suitable white glass bottle put three drachms of muriate of tmn
and ten drops of nitric acid, and nearly fill it with water. Suspend a piece
of zinc about one inch long and a quarter of an inch thick, by means of a
thread, (perpendicularly,) from the cork; set the bottle aside, where it wilU
aot be disturbed, and metallic vegetation will commence.




ï~~PRACI ICAL RECEIPTS.

221

To preserve Milk.
1. Evaporate the milk by a very gentle heat, applied to a large surface,
preserve the powder in bottles.
2. To every gallon of milk add about one ounce of calcined magnesia,
or until the acid is destroyed.
3. Fill bottles with new milk and loosely cork them; then put them
into cold water, in a boiler, and apply heat; as soon as the water boils, or
four or five minutes after, take them out, and secure the corks down with
wire or pack-thread, then replace them in the boiler, remove it from the
fire and let it cool; lastly, pack them securely in the coldest place you can
find. Place a little straw on the bottom of the boile, lest the heat should
crack the bottles.
To remove the Turnip Flavour from Milk.
Water, 25 parts; nitrate of potash, I part. Add a little to the milk.
warm from the cow.
Mineral Marmaratum for filling Decayed Teeth.
Mix a little finely-powdered flint-glass with some mineral succedaneum,
and apply it in the same way.
Mineral Metallic Cement for filling Decayed Teeth.
Take some mineral succedaneum, and add some steel-dust.
Mineral Succedaneym for filling Decayed Teeth.
Tinfoil and quicksilver. Melt together in a convenient vessel, and take
a small quantity, knead it in the palm of the hand, and apply it as soon
as possible.
Mineral Tincture of Bark.
Peruvian bark, 1 ounce; quicklime, J ounce; lime-water, 30 ounces.
Macerate. Dose-three ounces three times a day.
Mint Water.
1. Oil of mint, 1 pound; water, 180 gallons. Draw over one hundred
gallons.
2. Dried mint, 17 pounds; or, green mint, 30 pounds; water, 12 gal.
Ions. Distil off ten gallons.
Miser's Sauce.
Sliced onions, t pound; vinegar, 1 quart; cayenne and salt to flavour.
Boil for fifteen minutes, and serve it up with a little butter.
Mixed Wine.
Red currants, 4 gallons; red gooseberries, 3 gallons; raw sugar, 16
pounds; red tartar, 1 ounce; water, 7 gallons; white spirit, J gallon
Ferment the fruit, water, and sugar, then rack and add the rest.
Mock Turtle.
A fine calf's head, cut the meat clean from the bones, then boil the
bones in water; season with cayenne, nutmeg, and mace; pour into the
gravy a pint of Madeira wine, with a little parsley and thyme.
19 *




ï~~222

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Moirie Metallique.
Heat the tin plate, then apply diluted nitro-muriatic acid to its surface
for a few seconds; wash, dry, and lacquer it.
Morella Wine.
Morellas, 60 pounds, bruise the stones well; sugar, 20 pounds; water,
15 gallons. Boil and ferment, then add spirit, 1 gallon; red tartar, F
ounces. Rack and fine it with eggs.
Solution of Muriate of Morphia.
Muriate of morphia, 8 grains; muriatic acid, 30 drops; distilled war,
I ounce. Mix.
Solution of Sulphate of Morphia.
Distilled water, 7 drachms; sulphuric acid, 1 drachm; sulphate of mor.
phia, 8 grains. Dissolve.
Morveau's Reducing Flux.
Powdered glass, 16 parts; calcined borax, 2 parts; charcoal powder, 1
part. Observe not to employ a glass that contains lead.
Mosaic Gold, or Molu.
Take copper and zinc, equal parts. Melt at the lowest temperature
that will fune the former; then mix by stirring, and add five per cent. more
zinc.
Parker's Mosaic" Gold.
Copper, 100 parts; zinc, 54 parts. Mix.
To keep Moths from Clothing.
Put a few cuttings of Russia leather in your trunk or wardrobe; oz
sprinkle a few pepper-corns, pimento corns, or cloves, in the same places.
For a Cough.
Take one spoonful of linseed oil, new drawn, first and last. This is
good in a pleurisy, or any other cough, and may be used safely at any
age.
For a Chin-Cough.
Dry the leaves of box-tree very well, and powder them small, and give
the child of this fine powder, in all its meat and drink that it can be disguised in. It is excellent in that distemper.
An admirable Electuary for a Cough.
Take a syrup of hoarhound, ground-ivy, and white poppies, of each
one ounce, and spermaceti, half a drachm. Mix and beat these very fine,
and take a little spoonful when your cough is troublesome, and at going
to rest.
For an Asthma.
Take juice of hyssop, juice of elecampane-root, of each one pound;
boil these to a syrup, with double their weight in honey or sugar-candy
Take one spoonful of this syrup in two spoonfuls of hyssop-water, and
one spoonful of compound:riony-water  Take this three times a day.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.                         223
Orange Colour for Marbling or Sprinkling Books, 4'c.
Ground Brazil-wood, 16 parts; annotto, 4 parts; alum, sugar, and gum
arabic, each 1 part; water, 70 parts. Boil, strain, and bottle.
Orange Cordial.
Oil of orange, 4 ounces; proof-spirit, 50 gallons, or less. Mix well,
then add sugar, 150 pounds; dissolve in water, 40 gallons. Mix and fine.
Candied Orange Flowers.
1. Orange-flowers, 1 pound; sugar, 7 pounds. Boil the sugar to a can
dy height, then stir in the flowers, and pour it out on a slab of marble
The flowers should be deprived of their cups, stamina, and pistils.
2. Picked orange-flowers, 4 ounces; sugar, boiled to a candy height, 9
pounds. Mix, and pour them out on an oiled marble slab as before.
Orange-Flower Drops.
Take essence of neroli or orange-flower water, and flavour plain confectionary drops.
Orange-Flower Paste.
1. Plain dry almond paste, 7 pounds; neroli to flavour and turmeric to
colour. Mix well, and sift through gauze.
2. Almond paste, plain, dry, 5 pounds; orange-flowers, I pound. Powder and sift through gauze, as before.
Pastilles of Orange-Flower.
Neroli, 1 part; nitre, 9 parts; galbanum, 13 parts; olibanum, in tears,
12 parts; storax, in tears, 11 parts; pure orange-powder, 16 parts; charcoal, 70 parts. Reduce the solids to fine powder, then make them into a
paste, with gum tragacanth, 2 parts; dissolved in orange-flower water, 15
parts; rose-water, 17 parts.
Orange-Flower Soap.
Palm soap, 2 parts; tallow soap, 3 parts. Mix, as for cinnamon soap,
and perfume with the following essences: Essence of Portugal, 8 parts;
essence of amber, 7 parts. Mix. Colour with the following, as required:
Red lead, 5 parts; yellow green, 33 parts. Mix.
Perfumer's Oil of Orange-Flowers.
I )range-flowers, I part; blanched almonds, bruised, 2 parts; olive oil, 1
part. Mix, and let them remain together for a week, then express the oil.
More flowers may be used to increase the perfume.
Candied Orange Marmalade.
Cut the clearest Seville oranges into two, take out all the juice and pulp
into a basin, and pick all the skins and seeds out of it. Boil the rinds in
hard water till they become tender, and change the water two or three
times while they are boiling. Then pound them in a marble mortar, and
add to it the juice and pulp; put them next into a preserving-pan with
double their weight in loaf-sugar, and set it over a slow fire. Boil it rather
more than half an hour, and put it into pots; cover it with brandy pave,
and tie it c!ose down.




ï~~224

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Orange-Flower Water.
Water, 9 gallons; orange-flowers, 15 pounds. Distil off, at a low heat,
seven gallons.
Pommade of Orange-Flowers.
Lard, 12 parts; orange-flowers and beef suet, each 6 parts. Mix, and
treat them as for rose pommade.
Orange Lake.
Best Spanish annatto, 1 pound; pearl-ashes, 4 pounds; water,. gallon.
Boil until dissolved, and strain, then add alum, 4 pounds; water, 2 gallons. Dissolve and add it to the first solution, so long as any sediment
falls.
Candied Orange-Peel.
Soak the peels in water, which must be changed, until they lose their
bitterness, then put them into syrup until they become soft and transparent; lastly, take them out and place them to dry.
Essence of Orange-Peel.
Orange-peel, 1 pound; spirit, 1 gallon. Macerate for ten days.
Orange-Peel Water.
Seville orange-peel, 7 pounds; water, 30 gallons. Distil off twentyeight gallons.
Orange Pomatum.
Clarified lard, 7 pounds; mutton suet, 1  pounds; yellow wax, 1.
pounds; palm oil, J pound. Melt and strain, then add, while cooling,
Portugal water, J pint; essence of bergamot, 1 drachm; neroli, 1 J drachms.
Stir well in, and pour it into the pots.
For sweating in the night in a Consumption.
Drink a glass of tent, or old Malaga, with a toast, every morning early,
and sleep an hour after it. This is good for consumptive persons, or such
as are weak, in recovering a long sickness.
For a Shortness of Breath.
Take flower of brimstone and elecampane-root finely powdered, of each
an equal quantity; mix this into an electuary with c:arified honey, and
take it whenever you cough, or find it difficult to breathe.
For a Cough and Shortness of Breath.
Take elecampane-roots, 1 ounce; saffron, 4 ounce; ground-ivy and
hyssop, of each one handful. Boil this in two quarts of water until it is
above half consumned; strain it out, and sweeten it with sugar-candy, and
take three spoonfuls often.
Another for the same.
Syrup of garlic, two spoonfuls, or the cloves of garlic preserved; either
of them very good. But if the breath be very bad, it is best to lose nine
or ten ounces of blood, if the patient can bear it, before you begin to taketdo hot a medicine.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

25

French Orange Pomatum.
Mutton suet, palm oil, lard, beeswax, each 1 pound. Melt adul, when
neary cold, stir in orange-flower water, 8 ounces; essence of lemon, 3
drachms; essence of neroli, 7 drachms, or more.
Orange Sprinkle for Books.
Colour the edge with King's yellow, mixed in weak gum-water, then
sprinkle with vermilion mixed in the same manner.
Orange Stain for Glass.
Precipitated silver powder, yellow ochre, red ochre, equal parts. Turpentine to mix.
Spirit of Oranges.
Orange-flowers, 5 pounds; Seville orange-peel, 2 ounces; balm leaves,
1j ounces; spirit, 9 pints. Water sufficient. Distil over eight or nine
pints.
Orange Wine.
The same as lemon wine, only with essence of orange.
Ottar of Roses.
Steep the rose-buds or leaves in pure water, and collect the floating oil
This operation is never performed in England, the ottar being all imported.
Orgeat Paste.
Blanched and pounded sweet almonds, 3 pounds; blanched and pounded bitter almonds, 1 pound, or less; powdered loaf-sugar, 3 pounds; orange-flower water to mix. Beat them in a mortar to a stiff paste, then put
it into pots for use. When wanted for use, put a little into some water,
mix, and strain it through a bit of gauze.
Oriental Pomatum.
Mutton suet, 7 pounds; yellow wax and palm oil, each 1 pound. Melt,
then stir in orange-flower water, 8 ounces; rose-water, 6 ounces; essence
of lemon, 4 drachms; essence of bergamot, 6 drachms; oil of lavender
and oil of rosemary, each 3 drachms.
Factitious Oil of Originum.
Oil of originum, 10 parts; castor oil, 5 parts; oil of turpentine 3 parts.
A little to colour. Mix.
Factitious Oriental Ruby.
Strass, 7000 parts; precipitate of cassius and nitric peroxide of iron,
ach 165 parts; golden sulphuret of antimony, 160 parts; manganese
calcined with nitre, 150 parts; rock crystal, 1000 parts. Mix in fine
powder, and carefully melt.
Cadet de Gassincourt's Oriental Rusma.
Orpiment, I part; quicklime, 4 parts; pearlash ley, 35 parts. Boil
until a feather dipped into the solution loses the flue. Keep it in closecorked bottles. For use, apply a little with friction to the part, then wash. off with water; the hair will generally come away with one application




ï~~226

PRAiCTICAL  RECEIFTS.

Or-Molu or Mosaic Gold.
Copper and zinc, equal parts. Fuse at the lowest possible temperature,
and stir well to produce a perfect admixture, then add more zinc until the
fused alloy becomes perfectly white; lastly, pour it into moulds. The proportion of zinc to the copper is from 50 to 55 per cent., exclusive of what
is lost by the heat employed.
Orris Lozenges.
Orris powder, 1 ounce; white sugar, 2 pounds: starch, 1 pound. Mi:
with a weak decoction of Brazil-wood.
Prepared Ox-Gall.
Fresh gall, 1 pint; alum, 1 ounce. Boil until the latter is dissolved,
then fresh gall, 1 quart; salt, 1 ounce. Boil in like manner, keep both
solutions in separate bottles for two or three months; pour off the clear,
and mix them together; allow them to settle, and decant the pure gall for
use.
Oxycroceum.
1. Burgundy pitch, 20 pounds; black pitch, 35 pounds; yellow resin,
30 pounds; turpentine, 25 pounds; dragon's-blood, 3 pounds. Mix, with
heat.
2. Black pitch, resin, and yellow wax, each 20 pounds; Chia turpentine, galbanum, ammoniacum, myrrh, mastic, and olibanum, each 5 pounds;
saffron, 12 ounces. Mix, with heat.
For a Looseness.
Take two drachms of ipecacuarina; decoct it in an equal quantity of claret and water; let it boil more than half in half away; strain it, and add
one spoonful of oil; give it in a clyster to the party afflicted. If the patient is weak, or a child, you must infuse less of the root; two drachxs
being a full quantity for a strong man.
For the same.
Take an ounce of cinnamon, and as much ginger; slice both small, and
strew it on a chafing-dish of coals, over which let the patient sit as long
as the fume lasts.
Jerusalem Artichoke.
It flourishes most in a rich, light soil, with an open enclosure. The
only mode of propagation is by planting the middle-sized tubers or cuttings
of the large ones, one or two eyes being preserved in each. These are
best planted towards the end of March, though it may be performed as
early as February, or even in October, and continued as late as the begin
ning of April.
Panes of Glass
May easily be removed by the application of soft soap for a few hours.
however hard the putty has become.
Cure for Grubs in Horses.
Add a pint of strong vinegar to a cubic inch of chalk; when the eft&
rescence ceases, drench the horse with the liquid from a bottl,




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS

2'27

Orgeat.
Blanched Jordan almonds, 1 pound; blanched bitter almonds, I ounce
white sugar, 23 ounces; water, 2 pints. Reduce to an emulsion and strain,
then add orange-flower water, - ounce.
Oxygen Gas.
Take chlorate of potass, or red oxide of mercury, expose it to the heat
of a spirit-lamp, in a suitable vessel, and collect the gas.
Oyster Catsup.
Fish and juice, 1 pint. Press them through a sieve, then add whits
wine, 1 pint; salt, 1 ounce; spice to flavour. Boil for fifteen minutes,
strain and bottle.
Oyster Powder.
Oysters and wheat flour, equal parts. Salt to taste. Reduce them to a
paste in a mortar, roll into slices, dry and powder, then keep it in closely
corked bottles. One ounce will make a pint of oyster sauce.
Chinese Packfong.
Copper, 5 parts; zinc and nickel, each 7 parts.
Elastic Water-proof Paint.
Hot water, 1 gallon; soap, 2 pounds. Dissolve, then add boiled oil, 3
gallons; linseed bil and turpentine, each 1 gallon. Mix well and grind,
or mix your colours in it. This paint is very suitable for canvass, by omitting the linseed oil and using less water.
Painter's Cream.
Pale linseed oil, 18 parts; powdered mastic, 3 parts; sugar of lead, I
part. Water to reduce it to the consistence of cream.
To Extract Paint or Grease Spots.
Dip a pen in spirit of turpentine, and transfer it to the paint spot, in suf.
ficient quantity to discharge the oil and gluten. Let it stand some hours,
then rub it. For large or numerous spots, apply the spirit of turpentine
with a sponge, if possible, before it becomes dry.
To mix Paints.
In mixing paints, observe, that for out-door work you must use principally, or wholly, boiled oil, unless it is for the decorative parts of houses,
&c., then mix as for in-door work.
For in-door work use linseed oil, turpentine, and a little dryers, observing that the less oil, the less will be the gloss, and that for flatted white,
&c., the colour being ground in oil, will scarcely require any further addition of that article, as the object is to have it dull.
To Fine Pale Sherry.
Take the white of six eggs and three pints of skimmed milk, beat them
to a froth, then mix them with the wine and rummage it well. A little
pale brandy or spirit added a few minutes after the finings, and well mixed
in. will also improve the wine.




ï~~228

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

To convert Brown Sherry into Pale Sherry.
Fine it with two or three quarts of skimmed milk to the hogshead. This
precipitates the colouring matter.
Black Edge Paper.
Black-lead, 11 parts; common ink, 22 parts; dissolved gum arabic, 1
part. Mix. Then with a sponge lay the colour on the edge of the paper,
previously placed in the cutting-press, rub it in with a piece of cloth, and
burnish. The edge of the paper must be rendered perfectly smooth before applying the black.
Fire-proof Paper.
Take a solution of alum and dip the paper into it, then throw it over a
line to dry. This is suitable to all sorts of paper, whether plain or coloured, as well as textile fabrics. You must try a slip of the paper in the
flame of a candle, and if not sufficiently prepared, dip and dry it a second
time.
French Paper of Safety.
Take white paper pulp and tinged paper pulp, equal parts. Mix, and
make it into sheets as usual. Any stain easily affected by chlorine, the
acids, alkalies, &c., should be used.
Paper for Draughtsmen, 4fc.
Powdered tragacanth, 1 part; water, 10 parts. Dissolve and strain
through clean gauze, then lay it smoothly with a painter's brush  on the
paper, previously stretched on a board. This paper will take either oil ot
water colours.
To Stain Paper or Parchment.
Red.-Brazil, 12 parts; water, 70 parts; alum, 5 parts. Boil.
I. Blue.-Sulphate of indigo. Water to dilute.
2. Prussian blue, 2 parts; muriatic acid, I part. Water to dilute.
3. Logwood, 4 parts; water, 30 parts; sulphate of copper, 1 part. Mix
Green.-Crystals of verdigris, 2 parts; vinegar, 1 part. Water to
dilute.
Yellow.-French berries, water, and a little alum. Boil.
Purple.-Logwood, 2 parts; alum, 1 part; water, 20 parts. Boil. The
addition of a little gum to the above, renders them suitable for colouring
maps, &c.
To make Catsup that will keep good Twenty Years.
Take a gallon of strong stale beer  one pound of anchovies, washed
and cleaned from the guts; half an ounce of mace; half an ounce of
cloves; a quarter of an ounce of pepper; three large races of ginger; one
pound of shallots; one quart of flap mushrooms, well-rubbed and picked.
Boil all these over a slow fire until it is half wasted, then strain it through
a flannel bag; let it stand until it is quite cold; then bottle and stop it
very close. This is thought to exceed what is brought from India; and
must be allowed the most agreeable relish that can be given to fish sauce
One spoonful to a pint of melted butter, gives taste and colour above all other
ingredients. The stronger and staler the beer is, the better the catsup
will be.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

22f

Jazr Dye.
Nitric acid, 1 part; nitrate of silver, 10 parts; sap green, 9 parts,
mucilage, 5 parts; water, 300 parts; essence of musk, one or two drops to
each bottle. Mix. In all cases first free the hair from grease. All hair
dyes must be applied by means of moistening a clean comb with them,
and then passing it through the hair, observing not to touch the skin with
the dye, and the hair first washed clean with soap and water  Various
other forms for hair dyes will be found in different parts of this work.
Hair for Wigs.
Roll the hair round little cylindrical pieces of wood or metal, then boil
them; and, lastly, expose them at the mouth of an oven for a few hours.
Ointment to promote the Growth of Hair on Horses.
Resin, 3 pounds; tallow, 3 pounds; rape oil, 3 pounds; camphor, 12
'unces; oil of rosemary, 1 ounce; mustard (flour), 1 pound; ivory-black,
1 pound. Mix.
A la Rose Hair Powder.
Starch or farina, 1 cwt.; oil of rosemary, 1 ounce; oil of cloves, 1 drachm;
ottar of roses to perfume. Mix and sift through lawn.
Ambergris Hair Powder.
Starch or farina, 1 cwt.; essence of ambergris to perfume. Mix and sift
through lawn.
Bergamot Hair Powder.
Starch or farina, 20 pounds; bergamot (essence), 80 drops, or more.
Mix and sift through lawn.
Brown Hair Powder.
Take flour and roast it carefully over the fire to the required colour, the
sift it through lawn.
Musk and Civet Hair Powder.
Starch or farina, 1 cwt.; essence of musk, 2 ounces; essence of ambergris, 2 ounces. Mix and sift through fine lawn.
Perfume for Hair Powder.
Any of the fragrant essences of oils in small portions.
Plain Hair Powder.
Take starch or farina, and sift it through lawn.
Violet Hair Powder.
Starch or farina, 1 cwt.; orris powder, 7 or 8 pounds; oil of 'hodium,
)0 drops; oil of cloves, 60 drops. Mix, and pass it through finq gauze.
To Preserve the Hands Dry for Delicate Work.
T'ake club moss (lycopodium) in fine powder, and rub a little over ymu
tands.
20




ï~~230

PRACTICAL RECE PrTS

To Preserve Hams, c-c. in Hot Climates.
Most grocers, dealers in hams, and others who are particular in  ae,
meat, usually take the precaution to case each one after it is smoked in
canvass, for the purpose of defending it from the attacks of the little insect
(the dermestes lardarius), which, by laying its eggs in it, soon fills it with
its larvae or maggots. This troublesome and expensive process may b
altogether superseded by the use of the pyroligneous acid. With a painter'
brush dipped in the liquid, one man, in the course of a day, may effectually
secure two hundred hams from all danger. Care should be taken to insinuat
the liquid into all the cracks, &c. of the under surface.
Hartshorn Blancmange.
Hartshorn shavings, 16 parts; water, 32 parts; Cape wine, 2 parts;
lump-sugar, 3 parts. Boil the hartshorn in the water until you find it of
he proper consistence on cooling a little, then add the wine and sugar.
Hartshorn Drink.
Hartshorn shavings, 3 ounces; gum arabic, 1 ounce; sugar, 1 ounce;
water, 3 pints. Boil until reduced to one quart, and strain.
Hartshorn Jelly.
1. Hartshorn shavings, 1 pound; a small piece of lemon-peel; water, I
gallon. Boil, clarify with white of egg, and add white wine, J pint.
2. Hartshorn, 1 pound; water, 1 gallon; peel of two lemons. Boil
over a gentle fire until sufficiently thick, strain, and add loaf-sugar, J pound:
whites of ten eggs (beaten to a froth); juice of six lemons. Whisk together well.
Dr. Bceerhaave's Rules for Preserving Health.
1. Keep the feet warm.
2. The head cool.
3. The bowels sufficiently open.
These, rules, though short, " speak volumes."
Rules for Preserving Health.
1. Rise early, and never sit up late.
2. Wash the whole body every morning with cold water, by means of a
large sponge, and rub it dry with a rough towel, or scrub the whole body
for ten or fifteen minutes with flesh-brushes.
3. Drink water generally, and avoid excess of spirits, wine, and ferment.
ed liquors.
4. Keep the body open by the free use of the syringe, and remove superior obstructions by aperient pills.
5. Sleep in a room which has free access to the open air.
6. Keep the head cool by washing it when necessary with cold water,
and abate feverish and inflammatory symptoms when they arise by persevering stillness.
7. Correct symptoms of plethora and indigestion by eating and drinki&g
less per diem for a few days.
8. Never eat a hearty supper, especially of animal food; and drink wine,
spirits, and beer, if these are necessary, only after dinner.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

231

Hard White Metal.
Tin, I part; spelter, 3 parts; brass, 20 parts. Mix.
Harvey's Sauce.
Quin sauce, 48 parts; soy, 16 parts; cayenne, I part. Mix and steep
for one week, then pour off the clear liquid.
Hassan's Dye for the Hair.
Nitrate of silver, 1 part; sap green, 1 part; distilled water, 2y parts
ix.
To Relieve Headache in Bed.
Discontinue wearing a night-cap, and use an extra pillow.
Ointment to Stop the Feet of Horses.
1. Cow-dung, clay, tallow, equal parts. Mix, with heat.
2. Tallow, tar, turpentine, equal parts. Mix.
7'To Prevent Cold Feet.
Wear worsted or lambs' wool stockings, and, on going to bed at night,
rub your feet and ankles with them, until they are warm.
Dr. Bally's Ferruginous Lozenges.
Powdered iron filings, 16 parts; chocolate paste, 16 parts; powdered
saffron, 4 parts; mucilage sufficient quantity to mix. Divide into twelvegrain lozenges, three or four to be taken daily.
Dr. Colombat's Ferruginous Powder.
Pure sulphate of iron, 2 parts; tartaric acid, 6 parts; sugar, 12 parts.
Mix in fine powder, and divide into papers containing twenty-five grains
each.
Quesneville's Ferruginous Powder.
Bicarbonate of soda, 4 parts; tartaric acid, 7 parts; pure sulphate of
iron, 4 parts; sugar, 8 parts. Powder each fine, then mix and keep the
powder in a well-corked bottle. Dose, one spoonful in six or seven ounces
of sweetened water.
To make (for Wine, c4rc.) Filtering Bags.
Take a square of canton flannel or other suitable stuff, and cut it into
two pieces, from corner to corner, then carefully sew two of the sides together, and place strings of tape at the mouth, to tie it to a hoop, by which it
must be suspended for use. Always keep separate filters for white and
coloured liquors.
Beer or Porter Finings.
Isinglass, 1 pound; water, 8 gallons; vinegar, 4 gallons. Mix the vinegar and isinglass, and macerate for four days, then add the water.
Wine or Beer Finings.
Isinglass, 1 pound; sour beer or cider, 5 gallons; water, 6 gallons.
Digest the first two until the isinglass is dissolved, then add the water and
strain.




ï~~232

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Fining Powder.
Take eggs, any quantity; beat them to a froth, and expose them to a
gentle heat or in the sun to dry, then powder. In some cases a little fine
wheat flour is added, the paste made into balls, and dried in the sun, or a
warm room, and then powdered. Used for all the purposes of fresh eggs
by solution in cold water.
The Art of Fire Eating, 4c.
The power of resisting t- action of fire is given to the skin, by fre.
quently washing it with diluted sulphuric acid, until the part becomes
sufficiently callous. It is said that the following mixture is very efficacious:
Dilute sulphuric acid, 3 parts; sal ammoniac, 1 part; juice of onions, 2
parts. Mix. It is the acid however that produces the effect.
To Extinguish Fire in Chimneys
1. Throw several handfuls of flowers of sulphur on the burning coals.
2. Throw some wet straw, or horse litter on the fire, and keep sprinkling
it with water. This must be neither so wet as to put out the fire, nor so
dry as to burst into a flame.
To bring Horses out of a Stable on Fire.
Throw the harness or saddle, &c. over them, and it is said they wil
come out immediately.
French Polish.
Alcohol, 260 parts; col. varnish, 13 parts; sandarach (powdered), I
part; mastic (powdered), 1 part; shell lac (powdered), 24 parts. Mix
and digest in a moderate heat, in a strong close vessel.
To French Polish.
The varnish being prepared (shell lac), the article to be polished being
fimnished off as smoothly as possible with glass paper, and your rubber being
prepared as directed below, proceed to the operation as follows: The varnish, in a narrow-necked bottle, is to be applied to the middle of the flat
face of the rubber, by laying the rubber on the mouth of the bottle and
shaking up the varnish, once, as by this means the rubber will imbibe the
proper quantity to varnish a considerable extent of surface. The rubber is
then to be inclosed in a soft linen cloth, doubled, the rest of the cloth being
gathered up at the back of the rubber to form a handle. Moisten the face
of the linen with a little raw linseed oil, applied with the finger to the
middle of it. Placing your work opposite the light, pass your rubber
quickly and lightly over its surface until the varnish becomes dry, or nearly
so; charge your rubber as before with varnish, (omitting the oil), and repeat the rubbing, until three coats are laid on, when a little oil may be
applied to the rubber, and two coats more given to it. Proceeding in this
way, until the varnish has acquired some thickness, wet the inside of the
linen cloth, before applying the varnish, with alcohol, and rub quickly,
lightly, and uniformly the whole surface. Lastly, wet the linen cloth with
a little oil and alcohol without varnish, and rub as before till dry.
To make the Rubber.-Roll up a strip of thick woollen cloth which has
been torn off, so as to form a soft elastic edge. It should form a coil from
one to three inches in diameter, according to the size of the work.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

233

Fire-proof Stucco for Wood, 4c.
Take moist gravelly earth (previously washed), and make it into stucco
with the following composition: Pearlashes, 2 parts; water, 5 parts; common clay, 1 part. Mix. This costs about one shilling and sixpence per
hundrei square feet. It has been tried on a large scale and found to answer.
Sis Reasons for Planting an Orchard, by Edson Harkness.
1. Would you leave an inheritance to your children? Plant an orchard.
No other investment of money and labour will, in the long run, pay so
well.
2. Would you make home pleasant - the abode of the social virtues?
Plant an orchard. Nothing better promotes, among neighbours, a feeling
of kindness and good will, than a treat of good fruit, often repeated.
3. Would you remove from your children the strongest temptations to
steal? Plant an orchard. If children cannot obtain fruit at home, they are
very apt to steal it; and when they have learned to steal fruit, they are in
a fair way to learn to steal horses.
4. Would you cultivate a constant feeling of thankfulness towards the
great giver of all good? Plant an orchard. By having constantly before
you one of the greatest blessings given to man, you must be hardened indeed if you are not influenced by a spirit of humility and thankfulness.
5. Would you have your children love their home, respect their parents
while living, and venerate their memory when dead-in all their wanderings look back upon the home of their youth as a sacred spot-an oasis
in the great wilderness of the world? - Then plant an orchard.
6. In short, if you wish to avail yourself of the blessings of a bountiful
Providence, which are within your reach, you must plant an orchard. And
when you do it, see that you plant good fruit. Don't plant crab-apple trees,
nor wild plumbs, nor Indian peaches. The best are the cheapest.
French Pommade.
Pommade (any), 8 ounces; white wax, 1 ounce; spermaceti, I ounce;
oil of almonds, 3 ounces. Mix.
French Rolls.
Lard or butter, 1 spoonful; flour, 3 pints; yeast, 3 table-spoonfuls;
milk to mix. Before taking them from the oven, brush them over with
milk.
French Salop.
Take potatoes, peel them, and bake slowly until quite dry and hard, then
grind them.
French Sealing Wax.
Shell lac, 2 pounds; yellow resin, 1 pound; Venice turpentine, 1 pound;
Chinese vermilion, 3 pounds. Melt with a gentle heat, and form into 'ticks
from twelve to twenty-four to the pound.
Fresco Painting.
Apply any colours that are not injured by lime (according to taste), ox
a fresh mortared or plastered wall.
20




ï~~234

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Frigorific Mixture.
1. Phosphate of soda, 9 parts; nitrate of ammonia, 6 parts; dilute nitric
acid, 4 parts. Mix.
2. Snow, 3 parts; potass, 4 parts. Mix.
3. Snow, 3 parts; diluted nitric acid, 2 parts. Mix. The above are
three of the most useful combinations selected from Mr. Walker's tables.
White Frit.
Glass, 35 parts; lead, 10 parts; nitre, 5 parts; arsenic, 2 parts. Fuse.
English Frontignac.
1. Sun raisins, 18 pounds; water, 18 gallons; lump-sugar, 40 pounds.
Boil for two hours, then add of elderflowers, 1. peck; white tartar, 4
ounces; spirit (white), 2 gallons. Set the bung loosely for fourteen days,
then close tight.
2. Water, 60 gallons; white sugar, 1J cwt.; raisins, 4 cwt.; flowers
of white elder, 5 gallons; white tartar, 8 ounces; yeast, 1 pint. Ferment.
3. Six gallons of water, twelve pounds of loaf-sugar, and six pounds of
raisins of the sun, cut small; boil these together an hour; then take of the
flowers of elder, when they are falling and will shake off, half a peck; put
them in the liquor when it is almost cold. The next day put in six spoonfuls of the syrup of lemons, with four spoonfuls of ale yeast: after it has
worked two days, put it into a clean cask, and bung it up.
4. Lump-sugar, 36 pounds; soft water, 12 gallons; elder flowers, J
peck; eggs, 2 in number. Boil the sugar and eggs, skim, then remove the
vessel from the fire and add the flowers; when cool, add a little lemon-juice
and yeast, and ferment, then rack it into a clean cask containing twelve
pounds of raisins and some finings; bottle in six months.
To restore Frosted Beer.
Add some finings, with a few handfuls of flour, and some scalded hops.
To Gahier and Preserve Fruits.
They should in most instances be collected ripe, and kept in sand or
straw.
To Pack Fruit.
Fruits of the most delicate sorts are sent from Spain and Italy to England, packed in jars with saw-dust from woods not resinous or otherwise
ill tasted. One large bunch of grapes is suspended from a twig or pin laid
across the mouth of the jar, so that it may not touch either the bottom or
sides; saw-dust or bran is then strewed in, and, when full, the jar is well
shaken to cause it to settle; more is then added till it is quite full, when
the supporting twig is taken away,.and the earthen cover of the jar closely
fitted and sealed, generally with fine stucco.
Peppermint Drops.
Moisten the sugar with peppermint water, or flavour it with the essence
of neroli, and moisten it with water.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.                        235
For Costive Habit of Body.
Distil a quantity of wood-sorel water in the spring, and sweeten it with
syrup of violets. An ounce of syrup to a quarter of a pint of water is a
dose for anybody, and may be safely taken, even in a fever or lying-in
A less quantity for a child.
Another.
Roasted apples, with caraway-comfits, eaten constantly every night.
Another.
Boil a few mallows in a porringer of water-gruel; strain it out, and instead of salt, put in a pugil of cream of tartar. Let this be your morning's
draught.
Paper that Resists Moisture.
Take unsized paper, lay it flat on a clean surface and brush it over with
a soiuuon of mastic in oil of turpentine; or plunge it into the solution
and hang it up to dry. This paper possesses all the usual qualities of writming paper, with the advantage of resisting moisture.
To Detect the presence of Plaster in Paper.
Calcine the paper in a close vessel, and dilute the residue with vinegar,
in a silver spoon; if sulphuretted hydrogen is disengaged, which blackens
the spoon, the presence of a sulphate (plaster) will be shown. This adulteration has lately become very common among the paper-makers, with
the view of increasing the weight.
To extract Grease Spots from Paper.
Apply a little powdered pipe-clay, on which place a sheet of paper, then
use a hot iron. Remove the adhering powder with a piece of India rubber.
To Gild the Edges of Paper.
Armenian bole, 4 parts; sugar-candy, 1 part. White of egg to mix.
Apply this composition to the edge of the leaves, previously firmly screwed in the cutting-press; when nearly dry smooth the surface with the burnisher; then take a damp sponge and pass over it, and with a piece of
cotton-wool take the leaf from the cushion and apply it to the work;
when quite dry burnish, observing to place a piece of silver or Indian paper between the gold and the agate.
Waxed Paper.
Take cartridge or other paper, place it on a hot iron and rub it with
beeswax, or make a solution of the wax in turpentine, and apply it with
a brush. Useful for making water or air-proof pipes, for chemical experiments, &c.
Papier Machd.
Take paper, any quantity. Boil it well, then pound it to a paste and
mould. Used in making toys, snuff-boxes, &c.
Paracelsus' Plaster.
Diachylon, 56 pounds; compound diachylon, 5 pounds; gum thuris. 3
pounds; white canella, 2 pounds. Mix.




ï~~236

PRACTICAL  RECEIPTS.

Simple Cure for Worms.
One spoonful of syrup of peach-blossoms, taken in a glass of the water
distilled from the leaves, or in which the leaves and worm-seed have been
decocted, is a most safe and certain medicine for the worms in children.
Parsnip Sugar.
Take parsnips, wash them clean, then put them into a powerful press,
and express the juice; next take the cake out, break it up, and sprinkle it
with water, and press it a second time; lastly, strain and evaporate.
Full Blue Paste.
T'ake plain paste, 600 parts; zaffre, 4 parts; manganese, 1 part. Fuse
zarefully.
Opake White Paste.
Flint-glass, 100 parts; white arsenic, 9 parts. Use as little heat as
possible.
Plain Paste or Strass.
1. Very hard.-Washed sand, 12 parts; pearlash, 7 parts; saltpetre,
I part; borax, J part.
2. Hard.-White sand, 24 parts; pearlash, 14 parts; nitre, 2 parts;
borax, I part; arsenic, I part.
3. Soft.-White sand, 6 parts; red-lead, 3 parts; potash, 2 parts;
nitre, 1 part.
4. Very soft.-White sand, 30 pounds; red-lead and potash, each 15
pounds; nitre, 5 pounds; borax, 3 pounds; arsenic, I pound, or less.
See also Mayence base, strass, &c.
Pastilles d la Rose.
Essence of roses, 1 part; nitre, 9 parts; gum, tears of olibanum, and
tears of storax, each 12 parts; powder of roses, 16 parts; charcoal, 60
parts. Reduce the solids to fine powder, then make the whole into a paste
with gum tragacanth, 2 parts. Dissolved in rose-water, 35 parts.
Pastilles a la Vanilla.
Gum galbanum, in fine powder, tears of olibanum, in fine powder, tears
of storax, in fine powder, nitre, in fine powder, cloves, in fine powder, each
25 parts; vanilla, 35 parts; spirit of wine, 12 parts; powdered charcoal,
115 parts. Make into a paste as above, and form into pastilles.
Manure.
Put on your land all the manure that can be scraped from your premises, or that you are entitled to from the road. Leave not a particle in
the barn-yard. It matters not how coarse or long it is, if you can plough
it in. All you get from it before another season is clear gain, for it will
lose but little more under the ground with a crop over it, than exposed to
the action of the sun and rains in the yard. If it cannot be used, place
it in heaps and cover it two feet thick with earth, which will inhale and
retain most of its enriching gases till wanted.
Tar- Water.
Tar, 3 pounds; Boiling water, 1 gallon. Digest and strain.




ï~~237

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Explosive Pastilles.
As for other pastilles, and when moist, press a small stick or quill into
the broad end, then fill it with gunpowder, and cover it over with the -tomposition. Observe to dry them sufficiently.
Pate de Guimauve.
1. Marshmallow-roots, 1 pound; water, 4 gallons. Boil to one half
and strain, then add powdered gum, 2 pounds; powdered sugar, 8 pounds.
Evaporate to an extract, and add a little orange-flower water, and the
whites of twelve eggs beaten to a froth.
2. Powdered gum, 10 pounds; sugar, 10 pounds. Water to dissolve;
strain, evaporate to the consistence of honey, then add the whites of 20
eggs, beaten to a froth, and 2 ounces of orange-flower water; continue the
evaporation, constantly stirring the mixture until it will not stick to the
fingers. It should be light, spongy, and white.
Patent Malt, or Porter Colouring.
Take malt and roast it until it acquires a dark chocolate colour. One
part mixed with eighty of pale malt imparts the flavour and colour of porter. The Excise laws of England allow burnt malt to be used by the
brewer to colour his liquors.
Patent Yellow.
Mix triturate minium or red oxide of lead and common salt together,
and then expose them in a crucible to a gentle heat. In this process the
salt is decomposed, and the acid unites with the oxide of lead, and forms
the patent yellow. The alkaline base of the salt remains in the compound,
which is to be carefully washed and crystallized.
Muriate of lead tinges vitreous matters of a yellow colour. Hence the
beautiful glazing given to Queen's-ware. It is composed of eighty pounds
of muriate of lead, and twenty pounds of flints ground together very fine,
and mixed with water, until the whole becomes as thick as cream. The
vessels to be glazed are dipped in the glaze and suffered to dry, when they
are exposed to a sufficient degree of heat to vitrefy the surface.
Peach Brandy.
Bruised bitter almonds, 3 pounds; light proof-spirit, 100 gallons; water, 30 gallons; sugar, 50 or 60 pounds. Mix, and macerate for fourteen
days. Colour with brandy colouring, if required darker.
Peach Wine.
Water, 12 gallons; bruised bitter almonds,   pound; sugar, 23 pounds;
honey, 3 pounds. Boil and ferment, then add spirit, 1 gallon; dried orange-peel, j ounce; cassia and ginger, each 4 ounce; white tartar, 2
ounces.
Pearl Powder for the Complexion.
1. Take pearl or bismuth white and French chalk, equal parts. Reduce
tnem to fine powder, and sift through lawn.
2. Take white bismuth, 1 pound; starch powder, 1 ounce; orris pow.
Ler, 1 ounce. Mix, and sift them through lawn. Add a drop of ottar a3
roses or neroli.




ï~~#38

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Pearl Soft Soap.
Take lard, 2 parts; potass ley (360 B.) 1 part. Put the lard over the
fire; and, when half melted, stir it with a spatula until it assumes the ap.
pearance of milk, then add half the ley, stir well, but avoid increasing the
temperature. When soapy granulations commence forming, and fall to
the bottom, add the rest of the ley; continue the stirring until the paste
is formed, then transfer the pan to a bath of warm water, and let them
cool together. When cold, pound it in a marble mortar until it assumes a
pearly appearance. Scent with bitter almonds essence.
Pearl Water for the Complexion.
Castile soap, 1 pound; water, 1 gallon. Dissolve, then add alcohol, I
quart; oil of rosemary and oil of lavender, each 2 drachms. Mix well.
Tincture of Pearls for the Complexion.
Blanched almonds, 1 pound; acetate of lead, 4 ounces; water, 7 pints.
Reduce them to a milk and strain, then add spirit, 3 pints; essence of neroli and essence of lavender, each 1 drachm. This is used for removing
freckles.
Pearl White.
Nitrate of bismuth in solution, and add it to a dilute solution of chloride of sodium until the whole of the bismuth is precipitated; collect,
wash, and dry the powder with great care.
S  Pectoral Lozenges.
1. Lump-sugar, 50 parts; orris powder, 3 parts; liquorice, 2 parts;
extract of poppies, 1 part. Mucilage to mix.
2. Orris powder and liquorice powder, each 4 ounces; saffron powder,
1 ounce; sugar, 2 pounds. Mucilage to mix.
3. Powdered opium, 1 drachm; balsam of tolu, 2 drachms; Italian
juice and sugar, each 1 pound. Mix with mucilage.
To cure Deafness.
Take clean, fine black wool, dip it in civet, and put it into the ear; as
it dries, which in a day or two it will, dip it again; and keep it moistened
m the ear for three weeks or a month.
Another.
Take an equal quantity of good Hungary water and oil of bitter almonds,
beat them together, and drop three drops in the ears, going to bed; stop
them with black wool, and repeat this nine nights at least.
For a Pain in the Ear.
fake the juice of mountain sage, oil of fennel, or oil of olives, and mix
well together; drop into the pained ear three drops for several nights. It
will case and draw out any imposthume, if that be the cause.
For a violent Colic Pain in the Side.
Mix an equal quantity of spirit of lavender, spirit of sal-ammoniac, and
Hungary-watery; rub it in with a very hot hand, and lay a flannel on as
hot as you can bear it. Repeat this often.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

239

For a Pain in the Ear.
Take half a pint of claret and a quarter of a pint of wine-vinegar, put
in sage, rue, or rosemary; let it boil up, put it into a new mug, with a bottle-mouth, and hold your ear close, so that the steam may be sure to go
in. As it cools, heat it again and again; and when the strength is pretty
well wasted, wrap your head very warm and go into bed.
A certain Remedy to take Fire out of a Burn.
Beat an apple with salad oil until it is a poultice, pretty soft; bind it on
the part, and as it dries, lay on fresh. You must be sure to pare, core, and
beat your apple well, for fear of breaking the skin of tie burn. But if
the skin be off, there is nothing in nature so sure to take out the fire.
An excellent Ointment for a Pain in the Side.
Beat two ounces of cummin-seed very fine; sift it, and put to it two
spoonfuls of neatsfoot oil, and two spoonfuls of linseed oil; make it hot
over the fire, and anoint the side with it. Dip a flannel in the ointment,
and lay it on as hot as you can endure it.
Whipped Syllabub.
Take a lump of sugar and rub it on the outside of a lemon until coloured, then put it into a pint of cream and sweeten to taste; squeeze in the
juice of a lemon, and add a glass of Sherry or Madeira, mill to a froth
and take off the froth as it rises, and drain it well in a sieve, then half fill
u glass with red wine, and pile up the froth as high as possible.
Whiskey Cordial.
Bruised cassia, bruised ginger, and bruised coriander-seeds, each 1 ounce;
mace, cloves, and black pepper, each J ounce; saffron, 1J ounces. Steep
them for five days in whiskey or proof-spirit, 4 gallons. Then add sugar,
12 pounds. Dissolved in water, 5 gallons. Mix and fine.
Devonshire White Ale.
Pale wort, 12 gallons; hops, 5 ounces; grouts, 7 pounds. Mix and
ferment, and bottle immediately.
White Gerate.
Sweet oil and white wax, each I pound; spermaceti, 2 ounces. Melt,
then add water, I pound, and continue stirring until cold.
White Elder Ointment.
Elder flowers, 30 pounds; lard, 90 pounds; suet, 28 pounds. Melt
and strain.
White Crystal, or Factitious Diamond.
Manganese, 1 part; rock crystal, 2800 parts; borax. 1900 party  white
lead, 5700 parts. Mix in fine powder, then fuse in a clean crucible, pour
it into water, dry, powder, and repeat the process two or three times.
White Currant Wine.
Cold soft water and fruit, each 9 gallons; lump-sugar, 25 pounds:
white tartar, 2 ounces; white brandy, 1 gallon; orris root, J ounce; bitu.t
aemonds, bruised, J ounce. Ferment the first three, then add the rest




ï~~240

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

White Enamel.
Tin, 2 parts; lead, 1 part. Calcine, then take of the above oxides, I part;
crystal, 2 parts; manganese, a small portion. Grind well together, fuse,
and pour the mass into cold water; dry, grind again to powder, and fuse;
repeat the process four or five times, observing great care to prevent any
contamination from smoke, or iron, or copper.
Whitehead's Essence of Mustard.
Oil of turpentine, 22 parts; flour of mustard, 5 parts; camphor, I part.
Digest for a week.
Clark's Process for making White Lead. (American Patent.)
A chamber of 12 to 15 feet square is furnished with a vinegar trough,
through which a pipe of about one-inch calibre passes; it connects at right
angles with a large main of steam-pipe at one end, and is there commanded
by a cock; the other end passes entirely through the trough and chamber,
and there discharges the condensed steam. They are also each supplied
with a gas distributing-box or trunk, which is about four inches square in
the clear and about thirteen feet long. These are placed an inch or so
above and over the vinegar troughs, having small holes at short intervals
through their sides, and at one end are connected by means of a short pipe,
to which a cock is also adapted, to a main gas-pipe which is furnished by
means of a blowing apparatus with the requisite supply of atmospheric
air and carbonic acid gas. The sides of the chambers have cleats secured
to them for supporting the rod over which the sheets of lead are suspended
for conversion to white lead.
A boiler of iron or copper is heated with anthracite coal, from which the
steam and carbonic acid gas are obtained for heating and supplying the
chambers. The doors of the chambers fit close, so that some pressure is
produced in them during the process of conversion.
The vinegar in the troughs, the sheet-lead on the rods, and the cisterns
being closed, fire is applied to the furnace of the boiler, the blowing apparatus is put in motion, and the process of making white lead has commenced. Moderate quantities of coal and vinegar, and the constant attention of one man, are necessary to continue it; and one thousand tons of lead
may be operated on by this attention as well as one hundred. The largest
sized chamber will contain about ten tons of the metallic sheets, and require
supplies of vinegar twice each twenty-four hours, If the lead appear moist
and pasty, the vinegar is withheld; and, to these points, namely, the supply of the gases, and attention to the fires, the duty of the operative is confined. At first the vinegar was placed on the floor of the chambers and
covered with a false floor, which was perforated at short intervals, so as to
distribute the gases and acid vapour equally through them. In this way
the sheets of lead became much more expeditiously converted to white
lead, but its specific gravity was lessened, and it was less esteemed by the
painters.
It is computed that from sixty to seventy-five per cent. of the expenso
of converting metallic lead into white lead, is saved by substituting Mr
Clarke's plan for any of the old methods now in use; or the saving Ly
emptoymg his method, is nearly as three to one.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

241

Patent Bread.
Wheat flour, 7 pounds; carbonate of soda, 350 to 500 grains; water,
2J pints; muriatic acid from 420 to 560 grains, or as much as may be
sufficient. Bake quick. See Pereira on Food and Diet, p. 152.
Another Mode.
Flour, 1 pound; sesquicarbonate of soda, 40 grains; cold water, J pint,
or as much as may be sufficient; muriatic acid of the shops, 50 minims
(drops); powdered white sugar, I tea-spoonful. Mix the flour with the soda
and sugar, then gradually mix the acid with the water by stirring. Now
mix up quick your flour into a paste with this water, divide into two loaves
and immediately put them to bake in a quick oven.
British Herb Tobacco.
Thyme, 2 parts; coltsfoot, 3 parts; betony, 4 parts; marjoram, 2 parts:
hyssop, 2 parts; rosemary, 8 parts; lavender, 8 parts; roses, 5 parts. Mix.
Toilet Soap.
Lard, 30 pounds; caustic ley (170 Baume), 46 pounds. Saponify with
heat.
Tolu Lozenges.
Sugar, 4 pounds; starch, 2 pounds; balsam of tolu, 1 ounce. Mix with
mucilage.
Tomato Catsup.
Cut tomatoes in pieces, and between every layer sprinkle a thin layer
of salt; let them stand a few hours, then add a little horseradish, garlic,
pepper and mace. Boil well and strain, then bottle, cork and seal for use.
Tombac.
1. Copper, 16 parts; tin, 1 part; zinc, 1 part.
2. Red. Copper, 10 parts; zinc, 1 part. Fuse the copper, then add the
zmnc.
3. White. Copper, 10 parts; arsenic. Cover the surface of the liquid
metals with common salt to prevent oxidation.
Tonic and Alterative Draught. (Syphilitic.)
Bichloride of mercury, 5 grains; hydrochloric acid, 70 drops; tincture
of bark, 3 ounces. Mix. Dose, one tea-spoonful two or three times a day.
Tonic Draught.
Compound tincture of cardamoms, 1 drachm; tincture of orange-peel, 2
drachms; tincture of bark, 2 drachms; cinnamon water, 11 drachms.
1Iix, and take every morning for debility, &c.
Toothache Oil.
Oil of cloves, 1 part; laudanum, 2 parts; camphor, 2 parts; oil of casaia, 3 parts. Mix.
Toothache Drops.
Laudanum, 3 parts; alcohol, 5 parts; camphor, I part; pellitory of
Spain (powdered), 2 parts; cassia, I part; opium, I part. Digest for a
few days, and decant the clear liquid. Apply by means of a little lint.
21




ï~~242

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Remedy for Toothache.
Take a small piece of the inside of a nutgall, and put it into the tooth I
replace it by a fresh piece at intervals of an hour.
To prevent the Toothache.
Clean your teeth every morning with Sibella snuff, or powdered tobacco, and well wash your face with cold water.
Tooth Powder.
1. Powdered cassia, 1 part; rose pink, 1 part; orris powder, 3 parts;
burnt alum, 2 parts; powdered bark, 2 parts; powdered myrrh, 2 parts;
prepared chalk, 20 parts. Mix, and sift through lawn.
2. Prepared chalk, 20 parts; powdered myrrh, 2 parts; cassia, 2 parts;
0 orris powder, 2 parts; burnt alum, 1 part; rose pink, 1 part. Mix, and
add a few drops of the oil of cloves.
3. Excellent. Howard's prepared chalk, 5 pounds; cassia, J pound;
hole, 2 pounds; Bath brick, 3 pounds; charcoal, 2 pounds. Reduce all to
powder, then sift through the finest gauze.
Chevalier Ruspini's Tooth Powder.
Powdered bark, 2 parts; powdered bole, 4 parts: burnt alum, 1 part;
myrrh, 1 part. Mix.
Barker's Tooth Tincture.
Tincture of pellitory, 4 parts; tincture of red lavender, 1 part; tincture
of red sanders wood, 1 part. Mix.
Tooth Water.
Rose-water, 2 pints; tartaric acid, 2 ounces; burnt alum, I scruple;
common salt, 1 scruple. Mix, and wash your teeth with it by means of a
piece of sponge.
Factitious Topaz.
1. Strass, 1000 parts; glass of antimony, 42 parts; purple of Cassius,
I part. Fuse for twenty-four hours, and cool slowly.
2. Strass, 4000 parts; saffron of Mars, 40 parts. As before.
To solder Tortoise-shell.
Bring the edges of the pieces of shell to fit each other, observing to give
the same inclination of grain to each, then secure them in a piece of paper,
and place them between hot irons or pincers; apply pressure, and let them
cool. The heat must not be so great as to burn the shell, therefore try it
first on a piece of white paper.
Tracing Paper.
Nut oil, 4 parts; turpentine, 5 parts. Mix, and apply it to the paper,
then rub it dry with wheat flour, and brush it over with ox-gall. This will
bear writing on.
Composition to heal Wounds in Trees.
Chalk, 4 parts; tar, 2 parts; brick-dust, I part. Melt, and apply
warm.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

M1

Transparent Soap.
Good tallow soap, (in shavings and perfectly dry,) strong alcohol, equa,
parts. Put them into a copper still, and apply a gentle heat until the solation is complete; then allow the fluid to settle, and pour off the clear
ito moulds, which must be so arranged that the alcohol can be saved as it
evaporates from the hardening mass. This soap may be coloured red with
tincture of archil, and yellow with tincture of turmeric.
Travers's Infernal Drops.
Lunar caustic, 2 grains; distilled water, 1 ounce. Mix.
Treacle Beer.
Hops, 1 ounce; water, 1 gallon. Boil for ten minutes, strain, and add
treacle, 1 pound, and when lukewarm, yeast, I spoonful. Ferment.
Tree Marble, for Leather Book-Covers.
A marble in the form of trees may be done by bending the boards a little
o  the centre, using the same method as the common marble, having the
cover previously prepared. The end of a candle may be rubbed on different parts of the boards, which will form knots.
To protect Trees and Shrubs from the Attacks of Hares.
Take tar, 1 part; tallow, 3 parts. Apply hot to the bark of the tree,
with a paint-brush.
Comhposition to heal Wounds in Trees.
Chalk, 4 parts; tar, 2 parts; brick-dust, 1 part. Melt, and apply warm.
Luting for grafting Fruit Trees.
Take train oil and resin equal parts, and melt in an earthen vessel; mix
well and apply with a painter's brush. This is in general use, in 'ho
northwest part of France, and, where it is employed, it is said that -ne
grafts never fail.
To destroy Moss on Trees.
Paint them with white-wash made, of quicklime and wood ashes.
To preserve Trt~les.
Keep them in well.corked bottles in salad oil.
Perfumer's Oil of Tuberose.
Take the flowers and treat them as for Oil of Jasmin, which see.
Tuberose Pommade. (French Method.)
The same as Jasmin, with the difference of the perfume.
Tunbridge Wells Water.
Chloride of sodium, 5 grains; tincture of steel, 20 drops; distilled water, 1  pints  Mix.
Choice of a Turkey.
Choose a smooth leg and short spur- eyes full and bright, and feet suppie and moist




ï~~944

PRACTIAL RECEIPTS.

Turkish Bloom.
Gum benzoin, 1 pound; powdered red sanders, 1+ pound; dragon's
blood, 21 ounces: alcohol, 1 gallon. Digest for fourteen days, and filter.
Turmeric Paper.
Turmeric, I ounce; water, 1 pint. Boil until of a sufficient colour,
strain, and dip strips of yellow wove post into the decoction, and dry them.
Turner's Brass.
Brass, 98 parts; lead, 2 parts. Mix.
Turner's Cerate.
1. Factitious wax, 1 pound; lard, 1 pound; carbonate of zinc, 6 ounces.
Mix at a low heat. Healing.
2. Sweet oil, 2 pounds; yellow wax, 1 pound; powdered carbonate of
zinc, 1 pound. Mix at a low heat.
Turnip Wine.
Turnip juice, 25 gallons; lump-sugar, 60 pounds; spirit, 7 quarts, or
more. Put it into a cask and loosely bung it until it has done fermenting
This wine is said to cure the gout.
Turpentine Liniment.
Spirit of turpentine, 4 ounces; yellow basilicon, 8 ounces. Mix. Use
in bumrns.
Turpentine Varnish.
Resin, 1 part; boiled oil, 1 part. Melt, then add turpentine, 2 parts.
Mix well.
Paste resembling the Turquoise Stone.
Eagle marine paste, 100 parts; calcined bones, 20 parts; smalts, I
nart. Fuse them together with a moderate heat, equally applied for a suf
ficient length of time.
Tutania or Britannia Metal.
1. Plate brass, tin, bismuth, antimony, each, 2 parts; copper, arsenic,
each, 1 part. Mix, and add this alloy at discretion to melted tCn.
2. Spanish.-I. Antimony, 4 parts; tin, 2 parts; arsenic, 1 part.
II. Scrap iron, 1 part; antimony, 2 parts; nitre, a little. Melt an.
harden one pound of tin with two ounces of this composition. k little ar.
senic improves the colour of this alloy.
Tutenag.
Tin, 2 parts; bismuth, I part. Fuse.
Type Metal.
Lead, 10 parts; antimony, 2 parts. Fuse.
Umber.
This is a blackish-brown colour; it is an earth fou J;,ai Cologue
Vaccine Matter.
Open the pustule with a lancet, and collect the matter.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

2"5

Heartburn Lozenges.
1. Howard's prepared chalk, 2 pounds; magnesia, 2 pounds; powdered
gum, 3 pounds; powdered starch, 3 pounds; powdered white sugar, 12
pounds; essence of lemon, 1 ounce. Mix with strong decoction of Brazil
wood (strained).
2. Powdered lump-sugar, 100 parts; Howard's prepared chalk, 15
parts; subcarbonate of soda, 5 parts; mucilage to mix.
Heel Balls for Leather.
Tallow, 2 parts; yellow wax, 2 parts; resin, 2 parts; ivory black, I
part; lamp-black, 1 part. Mix.
Heel Ointment, (for Cattle).
Tallow, 2 pounds; resin, 2 pounds; molasses, 2 pounds; spirits of turpentine, 2 pounds; sulphate of copper (powdered),   pound; verdigris
(powdered), 4 pound; alum (powdered), I pound. Mix, with heat.
Ointment of White Hellebore.
Powdered white hellebore, 4 ounces; lard, 1 pound. Mix.
Hematine.
Logwood (small), 1 part; water, 15 parts. Macerate at a heat of 1950
Fahr., filter and evaporate in a steam bath, then dissolve in alcohol, evaporate slightly, and set it aside, when crystals of hematine will be obtained.
Hemlock Ointment.
Hemlock leaves, 4 ounces; simple ointment, 5 ounces. Beat together
melt, and strain.
Hemmet's Tooth Powder.
Prepared chalk, 20 parts; carbonate of magnesia, 20 parts; cream of
tartar, 4 parts; orris powder, 3 parts. Reduce to fine powder and sift
through lawn.
To Choose Herrings.
If fresh, the gills will be red, eyes bright, and body stiff and firm.
Hiera Picra.
Aloes, 3 pounds; white canella, 1 pound; pimento, 4 ounces; turmeric,
4 ounces; liquorice powder, 4 ounces. Mix. Dose, eight to twenty
grains.
English Imitations of Hollands.
Juniper berries, 2 pounds; silent spirit (proof), 83 gallons; water suffizient. Draw over one hundred gallons.
Hollands, (Schiedam Process).
Ground malt, 1 cwt.; rye meal, 1 cwt.; water, 450 gallons. Mash at
1600 Fahr. for two hours, then draw off the wort and add cold water until
it is of the specific gravity of 1.047. Ferment at the temperature of 80c
Fahr with yeast, 6 quarts, until the gravity of the wash indicates eleven
pounds per barrel, then distil into low wines and rectity them twice over a
small quantity of juniper berries, and a very minute quantity of Strasburg
turpentine. Sometimes the berries are bruised and put into the wash.
21*




ï~~246

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

To Gather and Preserve Herbs.
Herbs should be gathered early in a morning, at the season when they
are just beginning to flower. The dust should be washed, or brushed off
them, and they should be then dried by a gentle heat, as quick as possible.
Balsam of (Pectoral) Honey.
Balsam of tolu, 16 parts; gum storax, 2 parts; opium, 2 parts; honey,
64 parts; spirit of wine, 260 parts. Dose, one or two teaspoonfuls.
Honey Butter.
Butter (best fresh), 14 pounds; clarified honey, 1 pound. Beat well
together. A delicacy for children or sick persons. It generally proves
mildly laxative.
To Clarify Honey.
Honey, 1 barrel. Fifteen eggs mixed with five gallons of water, pour
into a cold copper, mix well, then apply heat, and skim; filter if necessary.
The water may be evaporated if desired, only observing to use as little
heat as possible.
To Preserve Seeds in Honey.
Seeds put into honey in bottles have been carried to great distances, and
have afterwards vegetated.
Honey Water.
Essence of ambergris, I drachm; musk and neroli, each, J drachm;
spirit, 1 quart. Mix.
First Quality Honey Water.
Spirit of roses, 180 parts; spirit of jasmin, 90 parts; spirit of wine, 100
parts; essence of Portugal, 3 parts; essence of vanilla, 12 parts; essence
of musk, 11 parts; flowers of benzoin,  part; orange-flower water, 100
parts. Mix.
Refrigerant Lotion.
Muriate of ammonia. 1 ounce; vinegar, 4 ounces; water, 10 ounces
Mix.
Resin Cerate.
1. Resin ointment, 16 parts; yellow wax, I part; yellow resin, 1 part
Mix.
2. Resin ointment, 9 parts; yellow resin, 1 part. Mix.
3. Yellow resin, yellow wax, rape oil, equal parts. Mix, with heat.
Common Resin.
Tar, brown resin, resin dregs, equal parts. Melt and stir together.
Resin Ointment.
1. Lard, 65 pounds; yellow resin, 35 pounds; yellow wax, 14 pounds
Mix.
2. Yellow resin, yellow wax, rape oil, lard, equal parts. Mix.
3. Yellow resin, 2 parts; lard, 3 parts. Mix. If too thick, add a little
oil or more lard.
4. Yellow resin, suet, rape oil, equal parts. Mix.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

S24

Resin Plaster.
Simple diachylon, 93 pounds; yellow resin, 19 pounds. Melt, with a
gentle heat.
Refined Liquorice.
Solazzi juice, 85 pounds; starch, 10 pounds; moist sugar, 17 pounr.
Reduce to a thin paste with water, then strain and evaporate in a geu.lc
heat to the consistence for rolling.
Rheumatic and Toothache Embrocation.
Sal.volatile, 6 parts; laudanum, 3 parts. Mix. This may be applied
to the tooth by means of a piece of lint.
Embrocation for Syphilitic Rheumatism.
1. Sulphuric ether, 1 ounce; composition camphor liniment, 1 ounce;
acetate of morphia, 2 grains. Mix.
2. Opodeldoc, 1 ounce; tincture of camphor, 1 ounce; laudanum. I
ounce. Mix.
3. Acetate of cantharides, 1 ounce; opodeldoc, 4 ounces; oil of cajeput,
4 ounces. Mix.
Factitious Oil of Rhodium.
Oil of sandal-wood, 11 parts; oil of rhodium, 1 pact. Mix.
Extract of Rhubarb.
Rhubarb, 1 pound. Bruise it, and macerate for three days in spirits, 4
pints. Pour off the clear, and supply its place with water, 5 pints. Macerate
for four days longer, pour off the clear, mix the two tinctures together,
distil off the spirit, and evaporate to the consistence of an extract.
Rhubarb Lozenges.
Powdered rhubarb, 1 ounce; powdered cassia, 1 ounce; sugar, 1 pound.
Mix with mucilage.
Rhubarb Wine.
Sliced rhubarb, 3 ounces; cardamom seeds (bruised), I ounce; gingel
(bruised), J ounce; spirit, 1 pint. Digest for three days, then add of any
white wine two gallons.
Rice Marble, for Leather Book Covers, i-c.
Colour the cover with spirits of wine and turmeric, then place on rice in
a regular manner: throw on a very fine sprinkle of copperas-water till the
cover is nearly black, and let it remain till dry. The cover may be spotted
with the red liquid or potash-water, very freely, before the rice is thrown
off the boaids.
Rice Tea.
Rice, 1 ounce; raisins (stoned), J ounce; a shred of lemon-peel; water,
I pint. Boil to a pint, and strain.
Specific for the Rickets.
Sugar, 2 pounds; young shoots of the flowering fern, 1 pound. Make
them into a conserve by beating them together in a mortar.




ï~~248

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Factitious Riga Balsam.
Spirits of turpentine, 12 parts; oil of juniper, 1 part. Mix.
Ring Gold.
Copper (Spanish), 6 parts; silver, 3 parts; gold, 5 parts. Mix.
Ringwood Ale.
Pale malt, 1 quarter; hops, 6 pounds. Water sufficient to produce two
barrels and a half. Turn on first mash at 1800 Fahr. Second mash at
i900 Fahr. Turn at 600.
Rob of Elder Berries.
Take elder juice, and evaporate by a gentle heat to a proper consistence.
Rochelle Salt.
Scotch soda, 5 parts; water, 20 parts, or more. Dissolve and filter, then
heat it nearly to the boiling point, and add cream of tartar, 6 parts. Filter,
evaporate, and crystallize.
Compositions for Roman Candles.
For the candle, nitre, 16 parts; charcoal, 7 parts; sulphur, 4 parts. Mix
For the stars, nitre, 16 parts; gunpowder, 5 parts; sulphur, 7 parts. Mix
with camphorated spirit and gum-water. For use, put in one spoonful of,ne gunpowder, then a star, then a measure full of the composition, and
proceed in this way until the case is full.
English Roman Cement.
Take a bushel of lime slacked, with three pounds and a half of green
copperas, fifteen gallons of water, and half a bushel of fine gravel sand.
The copperas should be dissolved in hot water; it must be stirred with a
stick, and kept stirring continually while in use. Care should be taken to
mix at once as much as may be requisite for one entire front, as it is very
difficult to match the colour again; and it ought to be mixed the same da)
it is used.
Genuine Roman cement consists of the pulvis Puteola nus, or puzzoleme,
a ferruginous clay from Puteoli, calcined by the fires of Vesuvius, lime,
and sand, mixed up with soft water. The only prcparation which the
puzzo!ene undergoes is that of pounding and sifting; lut the ingredients
are occasionally mixed up with bullock's blood, and fat of animals, to give:he composition more tenacity.
To Gather and Preserve Roots.
Roots should be gathered in spring, with but few exceptions, and are
better for being fresh.
Roots to be dried should be well washed and sliced, unless they are
preserved for the sake of the bark, when they must be merely washed and
dried.
The process of drying may be simply performed by stringing the pieces
together, or scattering them on paper trays, and exposing them, for a suffi.
cient time, to a gentle heat, say from 900 to 1300 Fahr.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

249

To Cool and Ventilate Rooms.
A trough, six or eight feet long, six inches deep, and two inches wide,
with a perpendicular support at each end, about seven feet high, the tops
being united by means of a cross piece of wood. Arrange a few hooks at
the bottom of the trough, and also on the top cross piece; then take a wet
blanket or other suitable article, hook it on at top and bottom, and fill the
trough with water. Evaporation will immediately commence, and keep
the room cool.
To Cure Ropy Beer.
Put a handful or two of flour, and the same quantity of hops, with a
little powdered alum, into the beer, and rummage it well.
Roseate Depilatory.
Powdered quicklime, 1 pound; starch, 2 pound; orpiment, 1 ounce;
powdered rose-leaves, 1 ounce. Mix.
Rose Beads or Pearls.
1. Take petals of the red rose; reduce them to a paste, by beating them
in an iron mortar, then form into beads. A few drops of ottar improve the
quality.
2. Starch, 12 parts; gum arabic, 1 part; rose pink, 7 parts; ottar to
perfume. Beat to a thick paste, with water, and form into beads.
Rose Drops.
Rose water, 6 ounces; sugar, 2 pounds. Make into drops.
Rose Lozenges.
Sugar, 6 pounds; starch, 1 pound; ottar of roses, 1 drachm; powdered
gum, 12 ounces. Mix with water, pinked with cochineal.
Rosemary Water.
Rosemary tops, 21 pounds; water, 10 gallons. Draw over seven
gallons.
Rose Oil.
Finest olive oil, 2 parts; rose-leaves, 1 part. Pour the oil warm on the
leaves, cover the vessel up, and let it rest a week, then strain with expression.
Rose Pink.
Take a strong decoction of Brazil-wood, to which add a little pearlash,
then pour it over finely-sifted whiting, and reduce it to a thick paste, and
dry slowly.
Rose Pommade.
Lard, 11 parts; beef suet, 5 parts; rose leaves, 4 parts. Melt in a
water-bath, and stir occasionally for two hours, then let it rest in a warm
place free from dust, for two or three days, after which time apply a heat,
just sufficient to liquefy the fat, and keep it in this state for two ho:Irs,
stirring all the time; allow it to cool, when it must be formed into lumps
of three pounds each, placed in canvass bags, and subjected to the press
The pommade thus formed must be again treated with fresh rose leaves to
increase the perfume.




ï~~250

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

French Rose Pomatum.
White wax, 1 pound; lard, 3 pounds; suet, 3 pounds. Melt, and, when
partly cold, stir in rose water, 1 pint; oil of rosemary, 20 drops; ottar of
roses, 25 drops. The appearance of this pomatum is mach improved by
" pinking" it slightly with alkanet.
Essence of Roses.
1. Ottar of roses, 7 drachms; spirit, 1 gallon. Mix.
2. Rose-leaves, 4 parts; water, 12 parts. Distil off one-half. When a
sufficient quantity of this water has been obtained, it must be used as water
upon fresh rose-leaves, and the same process must be repeated to the fourth,
fifth, or even the sixth time, according to the quality desired.
French Milk of Roses.
1. Rose-water, 50 parts; extract of lead, I part. Dissolve, and add a
little ottar of roses.
2. Oil of almonds, 1 pound; blanched sweet almonds, 5 pounds; pearlash, 8 ounces; castile soap, 12 ounces. Reduce to a milk with rose-water,
31 gallons. Then add ottar of roses, 20 drops; oil of lavender, 4 drachms;
spirit, 3 quarts.
3. Jordan almonds (blanched), 6 pounds; oil of lavender, 1 ounce;
spirit of wine, 1 gallon; rose-water, 3 gallons; ottar of roses, 20 drops;
bichloride of mercury, 4 drachms; hydrochloric acid, 3 drachms. Reduce
the almonds to a milk with the rose-water, and strain, then add the other
ingredients. Rub the bichloride and acid with half a pint of hot water until
dissolved, before you add them to the mixture.
Honey of Roses.
Fresh rose-leaves, 1 part; water, 1 part. Steep for one week, then add
honey, 3 parts. Steep one week longer, and strain with expression.
Oil of Roses.
1. Olive oil, 1 pound; ottar of roses, 50 drops; oil of rosemary, 2l
drops. Mix.
2. Roses (barely opened), 12 ounces; olive oil, 16 ounces. Beat them
together in a mortar, let them remain for a few days, then express the oil.
3. (Red.) Olive oil, 1 pound; alkanet, J ounce, or less; ottar of roses,
40 drops; oil of rosemary, 35 drops. Mix.
Rose Water.
1. Rose petals, 60 pounds; water, 26 gallons. Draw over twenty
gallons.
2. Rose petals, 5 bushels; water sufficient. Draw over nine gallons.
Rose-root water and yellow sandal-wood water, are often sold for this
article.
Rose Wine.
Loaf-sugar, 100 pounds; water, 33 gallons; rose-leaves (red), 4 gallons.
Put them (hot) into a clean cask; let them stand till cold, then ferment.
and afterwards add spirit, 3 gallons; cochineal (powdered), 1 ounce;
few drops of ottar of roses. Let it stand one month and rack it




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

25

Economical Rouge.
1. Finely-powdered carmine, 1 ounce; white pomatum, 7 ounces. Mix,
and pot it for use.
2. French chalk (finely powdered), 1 pound; carmine, 3 ounces; oil
of almonds to mix.
Rouge for Cleaning Plate.
Precipitatod subcarbonate of iron, 3 parts; prepared chalk, 3 parts.
Armenian bole, 2 parts. Mix. Be sure to reduce the articles to the finest
powder possible.
Rouge for the Complexion.
Carmine in fine powder, 1 part; levigated French chalk, 5 parts. Mix.
Jeweller's Rouge.
Sulphate of iron, 1 part; water, 15 parts. Dissolve and precipitate the
oxide of iron with a solution of potass or pearlash; wash the precipitate,
dry and calcine it until it becomes of a bright-red colour.
Liquid Rouge.
1. Carmine, 2 parts; pearlash, 1 part; water, 9 parts. Mix.
2. Rouge, 1 part; alcohol, 1 part; wine vinegar, I part; water, I part.
Mix.
Pure Rouge.
Take safflowers, any quantity; wash them until the water comes off
colourless, dry, powder, and digest in a weak solution of carbonate of soda;
then place some fine cotton wool at the bottom of the vessel, and precipitate the colouring matter by gradually adding lemon-juice or white vinegar
till it ceases to produce a precipitate. Next wash the cotton in cold water,
thei dissolve out the colour with a fresh solution of soda; add a quantity
of finely-powdered French chalk, proportional to the intended quality of
the rouge; mix well, and precipitate as before; lastly, collect the powder,
dry with great care, and triturate it with a minute quantity of oil of olives,
to render it smooth and adhesive.
This is the only article which will brighten a lady's complexion, without
injuring the skin.
Spanish Ladies' Rouge.
Take tincture of carmine or cochineal, any quantity, wet some cotton
wool with it, and repeat the operation until the wool has sufficient colour.
To solder together Rubies.
Apply them to a strong flame by means of the blow-pipe, and when
sufficiently soft unite them with care; they will neither lose their colour
nor weight.
Factitious Ruby.
Strass, 40 parts; oxide of manganese, 1 part. Mix, and treat as tbo
topaz.
-   Rue Water.
Rue, 15 pounds; water, 18 gallons. Distil over fifteen gallons.




ï~~V52

PRACTICAL  RECEIPTS.

Rum Shrub.
1. Tartaric acid, 5 pounds; pale sugar, I cwt.; oil of lemon, 4 drachms;
oil of orange, 4 drachms. Put them into a large cask (80 gallons), and
add water, 10 gallons. Rummage until the sugar and acid are dissolved,
then add runv (proof), 20 gallons; water to make up 55 gallons in the
whole; colouring, 1 quart, or more. Fine with twelve eggs. If you add
twelve Seville oranges (sliced), and three-quarters of an ounce of bitter
almonds (bruised), it will improve the flavour.
2. Sugar, 200 pounds. Dissolve in water, 50 gallons. Put the syrup
into a cask, then add rum, 30 gallons, or less; oranges (sliced), 2 dozen;
lemons (sliced), 2 dozen; cassia (bruised), z ounce; cloves (bruised),
ounce; bitter almonds (bruised), a ounce; Guinea pepper (powdered), 2
ounces. And as much tartaric acid dissolved in ten times its weight of
water as will give it the necessary acidity; let it stand for a week, fre.
quently stirring, then add 20 eggs (whites, yellows, and shells). Rummage
well and bung tight.
Prince Rupert's Metal.
Copper, 2 parts. Melt, and add zinc, 1 part.
Rushlights.
Make them in the same way as dip candles.
Ruspini's Styptic.
Sulphate of iron, 1 part; water, 50 parts; alcohol, 14 parts. Mix.
Ruspini's Tincture.
Orris root, 8 parts; rhatany, 8 parts; cloves, I part; alcohol, 30 parts;
essence of musk to every pint, 5 drops. Mix.
Saffron Cake.
Hay saffron, 1 part; petals of safflowers, 8 parts; rape oil, 1 part, or
less. Make them into a cake.
Saffron Lozenges.
Finely-powdered hay saffron, 1 ounce; finely-powdered sugar, 1 pouna;
finely-powdered starch, 8 ounces. Mucilage to mix.
Sage Wine.
Follow the same plan as for rhubarb wine.
Sago Jelly.
Sago, 1 pound; water, 5 pints. Wash the sago, then boil it with the
water until reduced to a transparent jelly; lastly, flavour it to taste.
Elastic and Water-proof Paint for Sail Cloth, 4-c.
Ochre, 96 parts; lamp-black, 16 parts; boiled oil to mix. Then add
yellow soap, 2 parts, dissolved in water, 8 parts. Well mix, and apply
two coats of this mixture with a paint-brush, at intervals of two or three
days; lastly, give a finishing coat of varnish formed of lamp-black and
boiled oil, well ground together. Sufficient boiled oil must be used to reduce the mixture to the consistence of a thick varnish.




ï~~253

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

White Fire.
i. Nitre, 50 parts; sulphur, 14 parts; sulphuret of antimony, 8 parts.
Mix.
2. Nitre, 75 parts; sulphur, 24 parts; charcoal, 1 part. Mix.
3. Meal powder, 80 parts; fine borings, 20 parts. Mix well.
White Gooseberry Wine.
Cold water and bruised fruit, each 9 gallons; lump-sugar, 18 pounds.
Ferment, then add bitter almonds,   ounce; brandy or spirit, 1 gallcn, or
less.
Common White Lead.
Pure white lead, 1 cwt.; sulphate of barytes, 2 cwt.; chalk, 3 cwt.
Mix.
White Mead Wine.
Honey, 56 pounds; water, 18 gallons; cider, 6 gallons; sugar, 25
pounds. Boil and ferment, then add spirit, 2 gallons; bruised bitter almonds, 4 ounce; white tartar, 2 ounces; finings, 1 pint.
White Metal.
1. Brass, 1 part; tin, 2 parts; antimony, 4 parts.
2. Lead, 20 parts; bismuth, 12 parts; antimony, 1 part. Fuse.
White Ointment.
1. Simple ointment, 1 pound; ceruse, 2 ounces. Mix.
2. Lard and suet, each 1 pound; carbonate of lead, J pound. Mix.
White Paint.
W nicing, 5 cwt.; white lead, 4 cwt.; lime-water, 20 gallons. Factitious linseed oil to mix.
White Pectoral Lozenges.
Sugar, 2 pounds; starch, 1 pound; flowers of benzoin, 1 drachm; balsam of tolu, 1 drachm. Mucilage to mix.
White Poppy Water.
The flowers, 20 pounds; water, 22 gallons. Draw over twenty gallons.
White Precipitate.
Sal ammoniac, 4 parts; bichloride of mercury, 6 parts. Dissolve in
water, and precipitate with a solution of potass.
White Precipitate Ointment.
Lard, 15 ounces; white precipitate, 1 ounce. Mix.
White Spirit Varnish.
Strongest alcohol, 100 parts; sandarach, 25 parts; tears mastic, 6 parts
slemi, 3 parts; Venice turpentine, 7 parts. Dissolve in a closely-corked
v'essel.
White Stars for Rockets.
Nitre, 16 parts; sulphur, 8 parts; meal powder, 7 parts. Reduce them
to fine powder, then mix up with spirits of wine and camphor.
22




ï~~2.54

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

White Hard Spirit Varnish.
Gum sandarach, 21 pounds; alcohol (65 op.), 1 gallon. Place them in
a strong, well-closed vessel, and apply the heat of warm water with occasional agitation until dissolved; next add pale turpentine varnish, 1 pint
Mix well, and let the whole rest for twenty-four hours.
To clean White Veils.
Clean them with a solution of white soap, and rinse well, then pass
them through another water, to which two or three drops of liquid blue
have been added; lastly, starch them and keep clapping them with the
hands until dry.
Factitious White Lead.
Hard cake stearine, 100 parts; bleached resin, 90 parts; fine potat,
starch, 25 parts. Melt and well mix, then add mucilage, 20 parts. Stir
well until nearly cold, then form into cakes. If well managed, this recipe
will form a good article for all the commoner purposes for which whits
wax is required, especially for making ointments.
Virgin White Wax.
White wax, 3 parts; cake stearine, 2 parts; mucilage, 1 part. Melt
and stir well: when nearly cold, form into cakes as before.
To convert Red Wine into White Wine.
Skimmed milk, 4 quarts; red wine, 90 or 100 gallons. Mix well.
Whiting.
Take soft chalk and grind it with water; pump off the milky fluid and
let it settle, then decant the water, and dry the residue.
Wilson's Liquid Asphalt.
Bruised asphalt, 2 parts; balsam of copaiva, 4 parts; spirits of turpentine, 3 parts. Mix. This liquid, thinned with a little spirits of turpentine, forms an indestructible ink, capable of resisting all the usual reagents.
Prismatic Diamond Crystals for Windows.
A hot solution of sulphate of magnesia, and a clear solution of gum
arabic, mixed together. Lay it on hot. For a margin or for figures, wipe
off the part you wish to remain clear with a wet towel.
Windsor Ale. (For Private Families.)
Pale malt, 5 quarts; hops, 50 pounds; honey, 12 pounds; corianders,
1 pound; orange-peel, 10 ounces; grain of paradise, 2 pounds; ground
liquorice-root, 4 pounds. To produce two barrels and three quarters per
quarter.
Zinc Lozenges.
Sulphate of zinc, 1 ounce; lump-sugar, 3 pounds. Mucilage to mix.
Add a little essence of lemon.
Compound Ointment of Carbonate of Zinc.
Wax ointment, 5 ounces; carbonate of zinc and Goulard's extract, each
I ounce. Mix.




ï~~255

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Ointment of Oxide of Zinc.
Flowers of zinc, 2 ounces; simple ointment, 1 pound. Mix. Used in
ophthalmia.
Windsor Soap
1. Hard soap, 7 pounds; water to soften, then add oil of caraway, 2
drachms; finely-powdered cassia, 3 ounces. Form into cakes.
2. Hard white soap, 7 pounds; oil of caraway, 3 drachms; essence of
bergamot, 6 drachms. Reduce to a paste with water, and mould.
3. White hard soap, I cwt.; potato starch, 56 pounds; pipe-clay, 16
pounds; pearlash, 4 pounds; oil of cassia and oil of lavender, each 8
ounces; oil of caraway and oil of origanum, each 6 ounces; oil of cloves,
1 ounce; bergamot, 7 ounces. Mix.
4. White soap, 14 pounds; oil of caraway, 3 ounces; essence of musk,
I ounce; oil of origanum,   ounce; oil of lavender and essence of bergamot, each   ounce; finely-powdered cassia, 8 ounces. Reduce with
water, and form into cakes.
5. White hard soap, 56 pounds; white pipe-clay, 50 pounds; white
pearlash, 6 pounds. Reduce them to a paste with water, then add oil of
cassia and oil of caraway, each 8 ounces; oil of lavender, 6 ounces; oil
of cloves, 1 ounce; essence of lemon and essence of bergamot, each 5
ounces. Mix, and form into cakes as before.
6. Brown.-Brown pearlash soap and white hard soap, each J cwt.;
pearlash or soda and yellow ochre, each 7 pounds; powdered cassia, 3
pounds; powdered cloves, 1 pound; oil of caraway and oil of lavender,
each 8 ounces; essence of bergamot and essence of lemon, each 12 ounces.
Mix.
7. Brown.-Good brown pearlash soap, fuller's earth, and white hard
soap, each I cwt.; soda and ochre, each 8 pounds; powdered cassia, 5
pounds; powdered cloves,   pound; oil of caraway, 8 ounces. Mix.
8. Brown.-Good brown soap, 2 cwt.; white hard soap and fuller's
earth, each 1 cwt.; yellow ochre,   cwt.; pearlash, 25 pounds; oil of
caraway and oil of rosemary, each 1 pound; oil of lavender, 2 pounds;
essence of bergamot, 3 pounds; finely-powdered cassia, 18 pounds; finelypowdered cloves, I pound. Mix.
9. Very fine.-Beef suet, 9 parts; olive oil, 1 part. Saponify with
caustic soda ley, then collect the paste, and add one per cent. of the following perfume: Oil of caraway, 16 parts; oil of rosemary and oil of
lavender, each 5 parts. Mix well, and mould.
To clean Wine Decanters.
Use a little pearlash or soda, and some cinders and water. Rinse them
well out with clean water.
Family Wine.
Black currants, red currants, white currants, ripe cherries, raspberries,
and gooseberries, each 28 pounds; water, 9 gallons. Steep for three or
four days, frequently stirring up the mash, then strain with expression, and
add to each gallon of the liquor good moist sugar, 3 pounds; cream of
tartar (dis.), 3 drachms. Ferment, cork, and lastly add good spirit at the
rate of two to five per cent.




ï~~256

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Pomnmade avec l'odate de Zinc.
Iodate of zinc, 1 part; lard, 2 parts. Mix.
Wine Test.
Expose equal parts of sulphur and powdered oyster-shells to a white heal
for fifteen minutes, and when cold, add an equal quantity of cream of ta-i.
tar; these are to be put into a strong bottle with commod water, to boil
for an hour, and the solution is afterwards to be decanted into ounce phials,
adding twenty drops of muriatic acid to each. This liquor will precipitate
the least quantity of lead from wines, in a very sensible black precipitate.
As iron might be accidentally contained in the wine, the muriatic acid is
added to prevent its precipitation. Lead will not only correct the acidity
of wine, but remove the rancidity of oils, a property well known to pain.
ters.
To Allay Inordinate Fermentation in Wine.
1. To each barrel add mustard, i pound.
2. Add   I  to     part of sulphite of lime.
3. Rack into a clean fresh-sulphured cask.
To Detect Honey in Wine.
The following method is said to be practised in Paris: Take a phial
containing four or five spoonfuls of Spanish wine, and when quite filled,
stop the mouth of the phial by placing the thumb tightly on it; plunge it
into a basin of water, and, while thus plunged, withdraw the thumb. If
the wine be adulterated, the honey which enters into the composition will
sink to the bottom. When the precipitation has ceased, replace the thumb
on the mouth of the phial, and bring it up. The liquor, deprived of its
honey, frequently proves to be some meagre wine, and sometimes nothing
but water, which had held the honey in solution.
To Flavour Wine.
When the vinous fermentation is about half over, the flavouring ingre.
dients are to be put into the vat and well stirred into the contents. If almonds form a component part, they are first to be beaten to a paste and
mixed with a pint or two of the must. Nutmegs, cinnamon, ginger, seeds,
&c., should, before they are put into the vat, be reduced to powder, and
mixed with some of the must.
Animal Matter and Peat.
There are some sources of alkali for converting peat into soluble natter.
Of these, the chief is animal matter. Here we have ammonia produced.
It has been actually proved, by experiment, that a dead horse can convert
twenty tons (or cubic yards) of peat into a valuable manure, richer and
more lasting than stable dung; a barrel of alewives is equal to a load of
peat. The next great and prolific source of ammonia is urine. The urine
of one cow for a winter, mixed up as it is daily collected with peat, is sufficient to manure half an acre of land with twenty loads of manure of the
best quality, while her solid evacuations and litter, for the same period
affords only seventeen loads, whose value is only about one-half that of
'he former.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

257

To improve Poor Wine.
Rack it and add one per cent. of sugar or honey, and five per cent.
of pirit, then fine it. For weak-flavoured Sherry add half an ounce or
an ounce of bruised bitter almonds to every hundred gallons, with about a
quarter of an ounce of cloves and cassia, also bruised. For Port deficient
in astringency and flavour, add some red tartar and catechu, dissolved separately in hot water, and the cloves and cassia as for Sherry.
2. Rack the wine, then add five pounds of flour and three pounds of
sugar, with four or five gallons or more of spirit to every hundred gallons;
let stand twelve hours and fine.
To Mellow Wine.
Wine, either in bottle or wood, will mellow much quicker when only
covered with pieces of bladder well secured, than with corks or bungs.
The bladder allows the watery particles to escape, but is impervious to
alcohol.
To remove Ropiness from Wine.
Add a little catechu or a small quantity of the bruised berries of the
mountain ash.
To remove the taste of the Cask from Wine.
Finest oil of olives, 1 pound. Put it into the hogshead, bung close, and
roll it about, or otherwise well agitate it, for three or four hours, then gib
and allow it to settle. The olive oil will gradually rise to the top and carry
the ill flavour with it.
To restore Flat Wine.
Add four or five pounds of sugar, honey, or bruised raisins, to every
hundred gallons, and bung close. A little spirits may also be added.
To Polish Wood.
Take a piece of pumice-stone and water, and pass regularly over the
work until the rising of the grain is cut down; then take powdered tripoli
and boiled linseed oil, and polish the work to a bright surface.
To Roughen Wine.
Take bruised sloes or powdered catechu, and add to the wine in suitable
proportions.
To Gather and Preserve Woods.
Woods should be gathered and exposed in a dry situation, to a heat of
90 to 1500 Fahr., until sufficiently dry; the larger sorts are better chipped
before drying.
Stains for Wood.
Red.-Brazil-wood, 11 parts; alum, 4 parts; water, 85 parts. Boil.
Blue.-Logwood, 7 parts; blue vitriol, 1 part; water, 22 parts. Boil.
Black.-Logwood, 9 parts; sulphate of iron, 1 part; water, 25 parts.
Boil.
Green.-Verdigris, 1 part; vinegar, 3 parts. Dissolve.
Yellow.-French berries, 7 parts; water, 10 parts; alum, 1 part. Boil.
Purple.-Logwood, 11 parts; alum, 3 parts; water, 29 parts. Boil.
22




ï~~258

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

To restore Musty Wine.
1. Bruised mustard-seed, A pound; camphor, + ounce; bruised cloves,
ounce. And add them to 90 or 100 gallons of the wine, then bung
close.
2. Add a few sticks of clean fresh-burnt charcoal, and bung close fur
fourteen or fifteen dlays.
3. Put in some new bread with a few cloves stuck in it, and bung close
To Preserve Woodwork.
Take boiled oil and finely-powdered charcoal, mix to the consistence of
a paint, and give the wood two or three coats with this composition. Well
adapted for water-spouts, casks, &c.
Cautions to Woollen Mlanufacturers.
It is not generally known, that flocks mixed with, or moistened with oil,
will sometimes take fire. From this cause a very extensive fire has lately
occurred.
To Free Trees, dfc., from Worms and Caterpillars.
Flowers of sulphur, I part; starch, 3 parts. Make into a paste with
water, and apply hot with a painter's brush.
Worm Lozenges.
Powdered lump-sugar, 10 parts; starch, 5 parts. Mix with mucilage,
and to every ounce of the dough add twelve grains of calomel, then divide
into twenty-grain lozenges. Dose-two to six or eight. A mild purgative should be taken a few hours after sucking the lozenges.
Worm Oil.
Oil of turpentine, 1 pound; castor oil, 5 pounds. Mix.
Extract of Wormwood.
Prepared from the tops by decoction and evaporation.
Salt of Wormwood.
Take wormwood ashes, dissolve them in water, filter and evaporate to
dryness.
To Cool Worts.
Pass them through a pipe, like a still-worm, immersed in a stream of
water; the wort will flow out of the lower end cool enough for fermentation.
To Cure a Cough or Cold.
The editor of the Baltimore Farmer and Gardener.says, that the best
remedy he ever tried in his. family for a cough or cold is a decoction of the
leaves of the pine tree, sweetened with loaf-sugar, to be freely frank warm
when going to bed at night, and cold throughout the day.
A certain Cure for the Piles.
Take 1 scruple of powdered opium, 2 scruples flour of sulphur, and 1
ounce of simple cerate. Keep the affected parts well anointed. Be pra.
dent in your diet.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

259

To Cure Hydrophobia.
Make a strong wash by dissolving two table-spoonfuls of the chloruret
of lime in half a pint of water, and instantly and repeatedly bathe the
part bitten. The poison will in this way be decomposed. It has proved
successful when applied within six hours after the animal has been bitten.
I wish these facts generally known, as they may be of service to our fellow-citizens at la'ge.
To restore Writing Effaced with Chlorine.
1. Expose it to the vapour of sulphuret of ammonia, or dip it into a
solution of the sulphuret.
2. Ferrocyanide of potass, 5 parts; water, 85 parts. Dissolve, and immerse the paper in the fluid, then slightly acidulate the solution with sulphuric acid.
Blue Writing Fluid.
1. Ferrecyanide of iron, powdered, and strong hydrochloric acid, each
2 parts. Dissolve, and dilute with soft water.
2. Indestructible.-Shell lac, 4 parts; borax, 2 parts; soft water, 36
parts. Boil in a close vessel till dissolved; then filter, and take of gunm
arabic, 2 parts; soft water, 4 parts. Dissolve, and mix the two solutions
together, and boil for five minutes as before, occasionally stirring to promote their union; when cold, add a sufficient quantity of finely-powdered
indigo and lamp-black to colour; lastly, let it stand for two or three hours,
until the coarser powder has subsided, and bottle for use. Use this fluid
with a clean pen, and keep it in glass or earthen inkstands, as many substances will decompose it while in the liquid state. When dry, it will
resist the action of water, oil, turpentine, alcohol, diluted sulphuric acid,
diluted hydrochloric acid, oxalic acid, chlorine, and the caustic alkalies and
alkaline earths.
To Gild or Silver Writing.
Let there be a little gum and lump-sugar in the ink you write with;
when dry, breathe on it and apply the leaf.
To give an appearance of Age to Writing.
Infuse a drachm of saffron in half a pint of ink, then write with it.
Substitute for Yeast.
Take wheat flour, 8 pounds, and water to make it of the consistence of
cream. Boil for an hour, then add sugar, I pound; yeast, + pint. Ferment.
To improve Bad Yeast.
Add a little flour and sugar, and let them work together for a short time.
To Preserve Yeast.
1. Take a close canvass-bag, fill it with yeast, then press out the water
and make it into cakes. I have tasted bread made with yeast preserved in
this manner, and it has been excellent. The mode of using it is to dilute
it with warm water, to which a little sugar and flour are added.
2. Whisk the yeast to a froth, and then with a paint-brush lay it on
writing-paper; continue coating the paper, every time it dries, until a cake
ia formed, then divide it into squares with a knife.




ï~~260

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

To remove the Acidity from Yeast.
Take yeast and add subcarbonate of magnesia to it, until the acid is,eutralized.
Factitious Yellow Diamond.
1. Strass, 500 parts; glass of antimony, 10 parts. Fuse.
2. Strass, 500 parts; chloride of silver, 25 parts. Mix, and fuse.
Yellow Dipping Metal.
Copper, 19 parts; spelter, 6 parts. Mix.
Yellow Enamel.
White oxide of antimony, 1 part; white lead, 2 parts; alum and sal
ammoniac, each 1 part. Mix in fine powder, and apply heat just sufficient to decompose the ammoniac.
Yellow Lake.
French berries, 1 pound; pearlash, 2 ounces; water, 1 gallon. Boil
for one hour, then strain and add gradually a solution of alum until it
ceases to produce a precipitate; collect the powder, and form it into drops.
Cheap Yellow Paint.
Whiting, 3 cwt.; ochre, 2 cwt.; ground white-lead, 25 pounds. Factitious linseed oil to grind.
Yellow Sealing- Wax.
Shell lac and yellow resin, each 2 parts; Turpeth's mineral, I part
Powder fine and mix with heat. Observe not to burn it.
Yellow Stain for Glass.
Chloride of silver, 1 part; burnt pipe-clay, 3 parts. Reduce to fine
powder and mix. This stain must be applied to the back of the glass.
Soft Soap.
Ten pounds of potash mixed in ten gallons of warm water, over-mnight;
mi the morning boil it, adding 6 pounds of grease; then put it in a barrel,
adding 15 gallons of warm water.
To Cure Criss in the Neck.
As soon as you find your neck stiff or turned to one side by the contraction of nerves, apply over the place diseased a piece of black oil-cloth,
with the right side to the skin, and then with a thick handkerchief tie up
the neck; in a short time the part will grow moist, and by leaving it thus
during the night or through the day, the pain will be removed.
To Stop Diarrhea.
Take half a pint of brandy and stir it with an iron nearly red-hot, prevtously adding loaf-sugar sufficient to make it agreeably sweet. A spoonful or two to be taken two or three times a day.
A quick Purge for Horses when Bound.
Take one pint of olive oil and half a pint of soft soap. Mix. Given
as a drench.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

261

Ultramarine.
Take lapis lazuli, 8 parts; heat it, and throw it into cold water, then
grind to a fine powder, and add resin, 3 parts; turpentine, wax, oil, each,
1 part. Melt the last four with a gentle heat, then knead the lapis lazuli
with it to a dough; repeat the operation in warm water, and change the
water, until it is no longer coloured blue; allow the several washings to
settle, and sort them as to quality.
Ultramarine Ashes.
Take the residuum from the manufacture of ultramarine, and apply a
sufficient heat to drive off the wax and oil, then well wash the remainder.
M. Gmelin's Ultramarine.
Sulphur, 2 parts; dry carbonate of soda, 1 part. Put them into a Hessian crucible, cover it up, and apply heat until the mass fuses; then sprinkle into it gradually a mixture of silicate of soda and aluminate of soda;
(the first containing 72 parts of silica, the second, 70 parts of alumina);
lastly, calcine for one hour, and wash in pure water.
M. Robiquet's Ultramarine.
Kaolin, sulphur, dry carbonate of soda. Mix, and calcine at a red heat.
The proportions should be such, that the resulting compound may be
formed of silica, 35 parts; alumina, 33 parts; soda, 22 parts; sulphur, 3
to 10 parts.
Uncoloured Sealing- Wax.
Shell lac, 2 parts; yellow resin, 3 parts; turpentine, 1 part. Mix carefully by heating. This may be coloured to fancy, or used as it is.
Usquebaugh-(Escubac).
Saffron one ounce, catechu three ounces, ambergris half a grain, dates
without their kernels, and raisins, each three ounces, jujubes six ounces,
anise-seed, cloves, mace, and coriander seed one drachm, cinnamon two
drachms, proof spirit six quarts; pound the ingredients, infuse for a week,
and distil.
This spirituous preparation is generally employed as an adjunt t in
making liquors; it is also used for flavouring ices, liqueurs, bon-bons, &c.,
or anything in which liquors are introduced.
Drogheda Usquebaugh.
1. Nutmegs, cloves, cassia, aniseed, each (bruised), 1 pound; caraways,
corianders, saffron, each (bruised), 2 pounds; brandy or spirit, 100 gallons;
raisins, 10 pounds; powdered liquorice root, 10 pounds. Macerate for ten
days, then add water according to the intended strength of the liqueur.
2. Plain spirit, 50 gallons; brandy, 50 gallons; raisins (stoned), 50
pounds; sugar, 100 pounds; cassia, cloves, nutmegs, bruised cardamoms,
each, half a pound; saffron, dried orange-peel, each, 2 pounds. Macerarte
for twenty days.




ï~~262

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Gargle for Relaxation (f the Uvula.
Tincture of catechu, 8 parts; laudanum, 1 part; rose-water, 60 parts
Mix.
Essence of Vanilla.
Vanilla (cut small), 6 pounds; cloves, 4 drachms; musk, I drachm;
spirit of ambrette, 1 gallon; alcohol, - gallon. Digest for two months in
a heat of 100 to 1300 Fahr.
Vanilla Lozenges.
Powdered vanilla, 4 ounces; sugar, 2 pounds  Mix with mucilage.
Varnish for Toys.
Copal, 7 parts; mastic, 1 part; Venice turpentine, J part; strongest
alcohol, 11 parts. Dissolve the copal first, with the aid of a little camphor,
then add the mastic, &c. and thin with alcohol as required.
To clear. Varnish.
Use a ley of potash or soda, mixed with a little powdered chalk. Do not
make the liquor too strong of the alkali.
To polish Varnish.
Take 2 ounces of tripoli powdered, put it in an earthen pot, with water
to cover it: then take a piece of white flannel, lay it over a piece of cork
or rubber, and proceed to polish the varnish, always wetting it with the
tripoli and water. It will be known when the process is finished by wiping
a part of the work with a sponge, and observing whether there is a fair
even gloss. When this is the case, take a bit of mutton suet and fine flour,
and clean the work.
To ascertain the Quality of Veal.
Choose the meat the kidney of which is well covered in white fat, the
lean dry and white, and the suet firm. If clammy or spotted, the veal is
stale. The flesh of the cow calf is whitest, but that of the bull calf firmest.
The whitest veal is not the most juicy, having generally been made so by
lengthened bleeding.
To decolour Vegetable Liquors.
Mix a portion of finely-powdered fresh-burnt animal charcoal (bone
black) with the liquor, and shake it occasionally for a few days, then filter.
To purify Vegetable Oil.
Oil, 50 gallons: roche alum, 7 pounds, dissolved in water, 25 pounds.
Mix, and rummage well for one hour, then add strong oil of vitriol, J gallons. Agitate for two hours more, then let it stand, and draw off the clear
in three or four days, and wash it with hot water. Either of the processes
named for Rape Oil may also be followed.
Vegetable Rouge, for the Complexion.
Finely-powdered carmine, 1 part; levigated French chalk, 4 parts; clarified lard, 4 parts. Mix on a slab, and perfume with ottar of roses or
lavet!d. r.  -




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

26

To preserve Vegetables and their Juices.
Take strong glass bottles and fill them with the article to be preserved,
cork and wire them tight; then place them in a kettle of boiling water,
beat it to the boiling point, and let it cool.
To make Vegcetables eat Tender.
Put a spoonful or two of pearlash or soda into the water you boil them in.
To pickle Vegetables in Brine.
Take the articles to be preserved and put them into pickle bottles, fill
them with a strained saturated solution of common salt, and cork immediately.
To preserve or pickle Vegetables in Vinegar.
Soak them for some hours in brine, then drain them, put them into bot.
tles, and pour on them boiling vinegar until quite covered.  Cork immea
diately.
Factitious Venice Turpentine.
Resin, oil of turpentine, equal parts. Mix, with heat.
To ventilate Rooms, ckc.
Arrange the funnel over the gas or lamp by which the room is lighted,
and unite it with the open air by means of a small tin pipe (say one to two
inches in diameter). Experiment has proved that by means of a small
pipe of the class named, the air of a room will undergo constant renova.
tion, while the deoxidized air from the light will at the same time be car
ried off.
To ventilate Ships.
Air-pipes are used for drawing foul air out of ships, or other clone places,
by means of fire. One extremity is placed in a hole in the side of a fur.
nace, (closed in every part excepting the outlet for the smoke;) the other
in the place which it is designed to purify. The rarefaction produced by
the fire causes a current of air to be determined to it, and the only means
by which the air can arrive at the fire being through the pipe, a quick circulation, in the place where the extremity of the pipe may be situated, is
consequently produced.
Pommade De Veratrine.
Veratrine, 4 grains; prepared lard, 1 ounce. Mix. Used in rheumatism
and gout.
English Verdigris.
1. Blue vitriol, 14 pounds; sugar of lead, 7 pounds; alum, 2 pounds;
plaster of Paris, 10 pounds. Reduce them to a fine powder, and gaind to
a thick paste with water, then dry.
2. Sulphate of copper, 12 parts; sugar of lead, 15 parts. Dissolve each
separately in water, and mix the solution; collect and preserve the precipitate.
Verdigris Ointment.
Powdered verdigris, 1 pound; suet, 14 pounds; lard, 14 pounds; yel.
low resin, 1 pound. Mix. Detersive.




ï~~264

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Blue Verditer.
Sulphate of copper, 1 part; sal ammoniac, 1 part; lime, 8 parts. Mix
the above with a sufficient quantity of water; then dry and grind it into a
fine powder for use.
Spanish Vermilion for the Toilette.
Take an alkaline solution of bastard saffron, and precipitate the colour
%%ith lemon juice; mix the precipitate with a sufficient quantity of finelypowdered French chalk and lemon-juice, then add a little perfume.
To fine Vidonia.
Rack it on the lees of Madeira, then fine it with isinglass finings.
Vinegar Black for Bookbinders, 4'c.
Steep iron filings or rusty iron in good vinegar for two or three days,
then strain off the liquor.
Paste resembling Vinegar Garnet.
Plain paste, 1000 parts; glass of antimony, 500 parts; calcined iron,
16 parts. Add the antimony last.
Malt Vinegar.
Good crushed malt, 1 boll. Mash at three times, at 1600, 1900 and 2080
Fahr., so as to produce 100 gallons of wort; cool to 750, then add three
gallons of beer yeast, and ferment. In thirty-five or forty hours rack it into
casks till they are two-thirds full, then keep it in an even temperature ol
about 700 Fahr. with the bungs out, and where there is a free circulation
of air.
Vinegar of Cantharides.
Powdered cantharides, 1 ounce; acetic acid, 8 ounces. Macerate for a
week, then strain. Used as an extemporaneous blister.
Sugar Vinegar.
Water, 1 gallon; sugar, 11 pound. Dissolve with heat, (say about 750
Fahr.) then add yeast, 1 ounce. Ferment, decant the clear, and add cream
of tartar, 1 ounce; bruised raisins, 1 ounce. Let it stand until sufficiently
sour.
Vinegars from Orange and Elder Flowers, Clove Gilliflowers, Musk
Roses, 4c.
Dry an ounce of either of the above flowers, (except the orange flowers,
which will not bear drying,) for two days in the sun; then put them into
a bottle, pour on them a pint of vinegar, closely stop the bottle, and infuse
fifteen days in a moderate heat or the sun. Vinegars of any other flowers,
as tarragon, &c., may be made in a similar manner.
Violet-Blue Glazing.
Tartar, flints, each, 116 parts; zaffre, manganese, each, 1 part.
Essence of Violets.
Alcohol, I pint; orris powder, 4 ounces. Mix,




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

265

Flowers of Sal Ammoniac.
Take grey sal ammoniac, powder it and sublime into a large receiver.
Plaster of Sal Ammoniac.
Simple diachylon, or wax plaster, 4 parts; castile soap, 2 parts; sal
smmoniac      part. Mix. This plaster is said to be useful in white
swellings.
Salberg Bug Wash.
Bichloride of mercury, 2 parts; spirits of turpentine, 6 parts; munatic
acid, I part; water, 100 parts. Mix. and thoroughly wash the cracks and
joints of the piece of furniture with this hlquor.
Salt of Sorel.
1. Take sorel leaves; bruise them, and express the juice; let it settle;
decant the clear and crystallize.
2. Oxalic acid, 1 part; water sufficient to barely dissolve. Add a solution of subcarbonate of potash in water, until it ceases to produce a precipitate, then filter.
Sap Green.
Buckthorn juice, 1 pound; gum arabic, 1 ounce. Dissolve and evapo.
rate.
Factitious Sapphire.
1. Oxide of cobalt, 1 part; strass, 80 parts.
2. Paste or strass, 2300 parts; oxide of cobalt, 34 parts. Fuse carefully
for thirty hours.
3. Plain paste, 100 parts; smalts, 12 parts; manganese, 1 part. As
before.
4. Plain paste, 10 pounds; zaffre, 3 drachms; precipitate of gold and
tin, 1 drachm. As before.
Compound Decoction of Sarsaparilla.
Sarsaparilla root (bruised), 1 pound; boiling water, 1 gallon. Simmer
gently for two hours, adding a little water occasionally to make up for
evaporation, then add sassafras root (sliced), 1 ounce; guaiacum root
(rasped), 1 ounce; liquorice root (bruised), 1 ounce; mezerion root
(bruised), I ounce. Boil for a quarter of an hour and strain. Dose, two
to six ounces, three times a day.
Extract of Sarsaparilla.
Bruised sarsaparilla, 1 part; water, 16 parts. Boil until reduced to ten
parts, then pour off the clear, and add to the residue water, 6 parts. Boil
lown to four parts, pour off the clear, and evaporate in a steam heat.
Sauce Aristocratique.
Green walnut juice, 1 part; anchovies, 1 part; cloves, mace, and
pimento, bruised, one drachm of each to every pound of juice. Boil and
strain, then to every pint add one pint of vinegar, half a pint of port wine,
quarter of a pint of soy, and a few shalotts. Let the whole stand a few
ays, and decant the clear liquor.
23




ï~~266

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Sauce au Roy.
rown vinega. (good), 3 quarts; soy, 4 pint; walnut ketchup, + pint i
cloves, J dozen; shalotts,  dozen; cayenne pepper, 1 ounce. Mix, and
let them stand for fourteen days.
Saur Kraut.
Take white cabbages; slice them horizontally, and place them in a
ba, rel with common salt, in alternate layers; cover them over with salt
an A press them down tight; keep them in a cool place for some weeks.
Ri ce may be added to taste.
To Prepare Intestines for Sausages.
Take the intestines, cut off the extraneous fat and peritoneal membrane,
turn them inside out and wash them clean, then soak them for twenty-four
hurs in a pail of water, to which a little chloride of lime or potass has
I en added; then tear off a part of the mucous membrane to thin them,
and wash them well in two or three pails of clean water.
Savine Ointment.
Yellow wax, 1 pound; savine leaves, 1 pound; lard, 5 pounds. Mix.
Applied to blisters and ulcers to keep them open.
Savoy Biscuit.
Sugar, 12 parts; flour, 7 parts; eggs, 12 parts; lemon rind (ground),
to flavour. After being in the oven a few minutes, grate on a little sugar
Saxon Blue.
1. Saxon blue may be successfully imitated, by mixing with a divided
earth prussiate of iron, at the moment of its formation and precipitation.
Into a solution of 144 grains of sulphate of iron, pour a solution of
prussiate of potash.
At the time of the formation of iron, add, in the same vessel, a solution
of two ounces of alum, and pour in with it the solution of potash, just
sufficient to decompose the sulphate of alumine; for a dose of alkali super-.
abundant to the decomposition of that salt might alter the prussiate of iron.
It will, therefore, be much better to leave a little alum, which may afterwards be carried off by washing.
As soon as the alkaline liquor is added, the alumine precipitated becomes
exactly mixed with the prussiate of iron, the intensity of which it lessens
by bringing it to the tone of common Saxon blue. The matter is then
thriwn on a filter, and after being washed in clean water, is dried. This
substance is a kind of blue verditer, the intensity of which may vary accoiding to the greater or less quantity of the sulphate of alumine decomposed. It may be used for painting in distemper.
2. Sulphate of iron, 1 part; alum, 8 parts. Dissolve in a suitable vessel
in water, then add ferrocyanodide of potash, 2 parts, and common pearlash
(dissolved) till it ceases to produce a precipitate; pour off the clear and
preserve the precipitated blue.
3. Liquid.-Oil of vitriol, 4 parts; indigo, 1 part. Dissolve with heat
then add water, 12 parts.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

267

Savine Cerate.
Savine leaves, 2 pounds; yellow wax, 1 pound; lard, 5 pounds. Mix.
To Clean White Satin and Flowered Silks.
1. Mix sifted stale bread crumbs with powder blue, and rub it thoroughly
all over, then shake it well, and dust it with clean soft cloths. Afterwards,
where there are any gold or silver flowers, take a piece of crimson ingrain
velvet, rub the flowers with it, which will restore them to their original
lustre.
2. Pass them through a solution of fine hard soap, a- a hand heat, drawing them through the hand. Rinse in lukewarm water, dry and finish by
pinning out. Brush the flossy or bright side with a clean clothes-brush,
the way of the nap. Finish them by dipping a sponge into a size, made
by boiling isinglass in water, and rub the wrong side. Rinse out a second
time, and brush, and dry near a fire, or in a warm room. Silks may be
treated in the same way, but not brushed.
Perfumed Powder for Scent Bags.
Orris powder, coriander-seeds, lavender flowers, rose-leaves, cassia and
cloves, each equal parts. Reduce to powder, then add a few drops of oil
of lavender, oil of lemon, essence of bergamot.
Scented Powders, for Drawers, Trunks, 4c.
1. Orris root, in powder, 1 pound; musk, 12 grains; essence of lavender, 1 drachm; essence of ambergris, 1 drachm; essence of bergamot,
drachm; essence of lemon, J drachm. Mix.
2. Take pure starch (powdered), any quantity; colour it with a little
finely-powdered rose pink, and perfume it with ottar of roses, oil of rosemary, lavender, and neroli, letting the rose predominate.
Species for Scent Powders.
Take the muscus arboreus (lichenes prunastri) and reduce it to powder;
it has the property of retaining odours better than most other powders.
Schab-ziger Cheese.
Flavoured with melilot.
Scheele's Green.
Carbonate of potass, 32 parts; water, 325 parts. Dissolve, then add
arsenious acid, 11 parts. Next, sulphate of copper, 32 parts; water, 480
parts. Dissolve and filter each solution separately, then add the first to the
second, until it ceases to produce a rich grass-green precipitate; collect and
wash the green powder in clean water.
Schiedam Hollands.
Very fine spirit, 100 gallons; juniper berries (4 years old), 2 pournds;
cassia buds,, ounce; water sufficient; salt, 2 pounds. Draw over one
hundred gallons.
Schwanberg's Fever Powder.
Common antimony, 4 parts; hartshorn shavings, 1 part. Reduce both
to powder, heat them in a crucible, and well stir them, then put on the
cover and keep it at a red heat for one hour.




ï~~268

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Schweinfurth Green.
1. Arsenious acid, 16 parts, verdigris, 19 parts. Diffuse tie latter
through water at 1200 Fahr., and pass the pap through a sieve, then mix
it with the arsenic in solution, and set the vessel aside until the reaction
of the ingredients produce the required shade of colour.
2. A saturated boiling solution of acetate of copper and arsenious acid,
in equal proportions. Mix, and allow the whole to rest until the precipitate
acquires the proper colour.
Oil of Scorpions.
Centipedes or ants, 1 ounce; rape oil, 3 pounds; water, 1 pound. Boil
until the water is evaporated.
Scotch Marmalade.
Seville orange-juice, I gallon; honey, 8 pounds. Boil.
Scouring Balls to remove Spots from Clothes.
Fuller's earth, 1 part; pearlash, 1 part; yellow soap, I part. Mix. First
moisten the spot with water, then apply the ball, and then water to wash
the cloth clean.
Scouring Drops.
Essence of lemons (fresh), 4 ounces; oil of turpentine, 5 ounces. Mix,
Cure for the Scurvy.
Flour of sulphur, 2 parts; cream of tartar, 1 part. Four large teaspoonfuls to be taken every morning in milk or treacle.
Seal Engraver's Cement.
Resin, brickdust, equal parts. Mix, with heat.
Scented Sealing-Wax.
1. Balsam of Peru, 2 parts; sealing-wax composition, 130 parts. Mix,
with a gentle heat.
2. Sealing-wax composition, 99 parts; essence of musk, 3 parts. Add
the latter when the wax is cooling, and stir well.
3. Wax composition, 96 parts; oil of lavender, 4 parts; oil of lemon,
3 parts. As before.
Artificial Sea Water.
Water, 1 gallon; common salt, 2 ounces; muriate of magnesia, + ounce
muriate of lime, 3 drachms; sulphate of soda, 1 drachm; sulphate of magnesia, 1 drachm. Dissolve. Where sea water cannot be procured, this
forms an excellent substitute, and possesses all its virtues.
To Soften Sea Water for Washing.
Add a little potash or soda.
Sedative Lotion.
Sugar of lead, 1 ounce; vinegar, 1 quart. Mix.
To Increase the Fertility of Seeds.
Nitrate of potash, 1 part; draining from a dunghill, 15 parts. Mix, and
steep the seeds in it.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

269

Bottled Seidlitz Water.
1. Take soda-water bottles and fill them with clear water; then add, as
below, and cork and wire them immediately.
2. Rochelle salts, 2 drachms; bicarbonate of soda, 35 grains; sulphuric
acid, 11 drops.
Strong Mercurial Ointment.
Prepared sevum, 1 ounce or part; quicksilver, 7 ounces or parts. Mix
in a warm mortar, then add lard, softened with heat, 13 ounces or parts.
Mix:well.
Weak Mercurial Ointment.
Prepared sevum, I ounce or part; quicksilver, 7 ounces or part; lard
(softened), 31 pounds, or 56 parts. As before.
Shaving Paste.
1. Oil of almonds, 2 parts; white soap, 2 parts; common soda, I part;
rosewater, 1 part. Melt and perfume with ottar of roses.
2. White wax, 2 ounces; spermaceti, 2 ounces; sweet oil, 2 ounces;
soda, 2 ounces; white soap, 2 ounces; powdered cassia, J drachm; pow.
dered cloves, J drachm; bergamot, 35 drops; essential oil of almonds, 5
drops. Mix with rose-water.
English Sherry.
1. Loaf-sugar, 20 pounds; sugar candy, 20 pounds; pale ale wort
(good), 10 gallons, or more; raisins, 8 pounds; yeast, 8 ounces. Ferment, then add brandy, 1 gallon, or less; bitter almonds, 3 to 6 drachms;
orris powder, 3 to 6 drachms. Bung down.
2. English malmsey, 50 gallons; Cape Madeira, 40 gallons; cassia
(bruised), j ounce; cloves, j ounce; bitter almonds (bruised), 3 ounces;
spirit, 5 gallons. Mix, and let them stand for fifteen days, then add finings,
1 pint.
London Sherry.
1. Chopped raisins, 400 pounds; soft water, 100 gallons; sugar, 45
pounds; white tartar, 1 pound; cider, 16 gallons. Let them stand together in a close vessel for one month, and frequently stir them, then add of
spirit, 8 gallons; bitter almonds (bruised), 3 ounces; half a dozen oranges
and lemons in slices. Let them stand one month longer, and fine with
isinglass.
2. Wort from pale malt four times the common strength, 100 gallons;
lump or light coloured sugar, 60 pounds; honey, 50 pounds. Ferment in
a loosely-bunged cask, then rack and add nine or ten per cent. of spirit,
and bitter almonds (bruised), 2 ounces; cassia (bruised), 1 ounce; cloves,
I ounce; orris-root powder, 3 ounces. Let them macerate in the wine,
closely bunged for fourteen days; lastly, add one quart of finings, and
rummage.
To Fine Sherry.
Mix about one quart of isinglass finings well into the wine.
To Improve Sherry.
Add a little mellow Lisbon, and fine it with milk or isinglass.
230




ï~~270

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Baker's Sharps.
Alum, I part; flour, 2 parts. Grind and sift.
Sheathing for Ships.
Copper, 98 parts. Melt at the lowest possible heat, then add tin, 11
parts.
To Bleach Shell Lac.                   *
Shell or seed lac, 2 parts; pearlash, 3 parts. Dissolve with heat and
strain, then precipitate the lac by means of chlorine.
Sheldrake's Oil for Grinding Colours.
Pale old boiled oil, copal varnish, equal parts. Mix. This will remain
good for a long time, if kept in well-corked bottles.
Shrewsbury Cake.
1. Sug9r (sifted), 1 part; flour, 3 parts. One grated nutmeg and three
eggs to every pound of sugar; mix, and make into a dough with melted
butter and a little rose-water.
2. Flour, 2 pounds; sugar (powdered), 1 pound; butter,   pound. Four
eggs, a little rose-water, and a quarter pint of cream. Beat them into a
firm paste and roll it thin; cut into cakes, and bake in a quick oven.
The Sighs of Love.
1. Proof-spirit, 1 gallon; water, 1 gallon; sugar, 7 pounds; otto of
roses, 45 drops; cochineal to produce a pale pink.
2. Rose-water, 3 pounds; water, 5 pounds; sugar, 6 pounds; proofspirit, 7 pounds; cochineal to tinge.
To ascertain whether a Horse has good Sight.
Examine the size of the pupil of the eye in a dull light, then gradually
expose it to a brighter one, and observe whether it contracts or not; if it
does, the horse can see, and according to the amount of the contraction
will be the keenness of his sight.
Silica, for Filling Decayed Teeth.
Gypsum, 1 part; levigated porcelain, 1 part; levigated iron filings, I
part. Make into a paste with equal parts of thick quick-drying copal and
mastic varnish.
To render Silk and Cloth Water-proof, (Oil Cloth or Silk.)
Boiled oil, 15 parts; litharge (ground), 3 parts; colour, 3 parts; bees'wax, 1 part. Mix, and apply with a brush, to the article previously
stretched against a wall, or on a table.
To Extract Grease Spots from Silks and Mluslins.
Put a little powdered French chalk on the spot, cover it with a piece of
paper, and apply a hot iron.
To Gild Silks, Satins, <cc.
Nitromuriate of gold, in solution, 1 part; distilled water, 3 parts. Mix.
Lay out any design with this fluid, and expose it, while wet, to a stream
of hydrogen gas; then wash it with clear water.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

271

A Metal that Resembles Silver.
Copper melted with tin, (about three quarters of an ounce of tin to a
Dound of copper), will make a pale bell-metal, that will roll and ring very
near to sterling silver.
Silver Dust.
Take silver, dissolve it in nitric acid, and precipitate it with slips of
bright copper; wash the powder in spirits and dry it.
Liquid Foil bfor Silvering Glass Globes.
1. Tin, 1 part; lead, 1 part; bismuth, 1 part. Melt, then add mercury,
3 parts.
2. Take quicksilver, and add as much tin foil as will just allow it to keep
barely fluid.
3. Lead, 1 part; tin, I part; bismuth, 1 part. Melt, and just before it
sets, add mercury, 10 parts. Pour this into the globe and turn it rapidly
round.
To Extract Stains from Silver Plate.
Sal ammoniac, 1 part; vinegar, 16 parts. Mix, and use this liquid with
a piece of flannel, then wash the plate in clean water.
Silvering Powder.
1. Silver powder (precipitated), 1 part; common salt, 2 parts; cream
of tartar, 2 parts. Mix, and apply with friction, then wash the article in
slightly alkalized water.
2. Silver dust, 4 parts; common salt, 16 parts; sal ammoniac, 14 parts;
bichloride of mercury, 1 part. Mix with water to a paste, and apply it to
the copper, (previously cleaned), with a piece of soft leather.
Pure Silver.
Take silver, dissolve it in nitric acid, and add a solution of salt as long
as any precipitate falls, then take the sediment and boil it in water in a
bright iron vessel; wash it well with clean water and dry it.
Silver Shells.
Silver leaf, gum water, sufficient quantity. Grind to a proper thickness,
and cover the inside of the shells.
Silver Solder.
1. Silver, 19 parts; copper, 1 part; brass, 10 parts. Melt together.
2. For Plating.-Silver, 2 parts; brass, 1 part. Mix.
Silver Tree.
Nitrate of silver, 1 part; distilled water, 35 parts. Dissolve and filter;
put the liquid into a suitable bottle in some convenient place, and pour in
mercury, 1 part. A most beautiful arborescence will rapidly be formed
Brilliant Fire for Sky Rockets.
1. If under 1 inch bore, nitre, 16 parts; charcoal, 6 parts; sulphur, 4
parts; meal powder, 3 parts; steel filings, 5 parts. Mix.
2. If over I and under 2 inches, nitre, 16 parts; charcoal, 8 parts; sulphur, 4 parts; steel filings, 5 parts. Mix.




ï~~272

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Chinese Fire for Sky Rockets.
1. If J inch or under, nitre, 16 parts; charcoal, 4 parts; sulphur, 3
carts; cast-iron borings, 4 parts. Mix.
2. If over 1 inch and under 2 inches bore, nitre, 16 parts; charcoal, 4
parts; sulphur, 4 parts; iron borings, 5 parts. Mix.
Composition for Sky Rockets.
1. If under  inch bore, nitre, 16 parts; charcoal, 7 parts; sulphur, 4
parts; gunpowder, 1 part. Mix.
2. If over j and under 11 inch bore, nitre, 16 parts; charcoal, 8 parts
sulphur, 4 parts. Mix.
3. If larger, nitre, 16 parts; charcoal, 9 parts; sulphur, 4 parts. Mix.
To Extract Stains from Silk.
Essence of lemon, 1 part; spirits of turpentine, 5 parts. Mix, and
apply to the spot by means of a linen rag.
Singleton's Golden Eye Ointment.
Nitric oxide of mercury, 1 ounce; spermaceti ointment, 8 ounces. The
oxide must be in the state of an impalpable powder, and then well rubbed
with the ointment to ensure a perfect and equal mixture. This ointment
is in extensive demand, and is sold after the rate of more than a guinea an
ounce.
To Procure Sleep.
I. Magnesia, 1 teaspoonful; water to mix. Take this on going to bed,
with a few drops of hartshorn or sal volatile.
2. Take a warm bath ten minutes before lying down, or use the flesh
brush for a quarter of an hour. If you do not feel disposed to sleep, commence counting one thousand; before you get to five hundred you will
most probably fall asleep.
To destroy Slugs on Land.
Sprinkle over it powdered fresh slaked lime, or chimney soot.
To preserve Plants from Slugs.
Strew well-cut chaff round the plants.
Smallpox Matter.
Take a lancet and carefully collect the matter from the pustules.
Smalts.
Roasted cobalt, 1 part; potash, 3 parts; sand, 3 parts. Mix and fuse
f
Smelling Salts.
Take subcarbonate of ammonia, 8 parts; put it in coarse powder into
the bottle, and pour on it oil of lavender, 1 part.
Smellome's Eye Ointment.
Verdigris, 2 drachms; sweet oil, 2 drachms; basilicon, 4 ounces. Mix.
Smith's Soft Solder for Tin.
Lead, 1 part; tin, 1 part; bismuth, 2 parts. This melts mn boiling
water.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

273

To destroy Insects in Vines.
Soft soap, 2 pounds; flowers of sulphur, 2 pounds; powdered tobacco,
2 pounds; boil for half an hour in water, 6 gallons. Apply lukewarm.
Violet Depilatory.
Quicklime in fine powder, 1 pound; orris powder, 3 ounces; starch
powder, 2 ounces; orpiment, 1 ounce. Mix.
Oil of Violets.
1. T'ake violet flowers, and treat them as for Oil of Jasmin, which see.
2. Orris powder, 1 part; olive oil, 13 parts. Pour the oil warm on the
powder, macerate for one week, then strain with expression.
Violet Lozenges.
Orris powder, 1 ounce; gum arabic, 1 ounce; white sugar, 2 pounds.
Make into a thick paste with the following-Cochineal, 1 drachm; water,
1 quart. Macerate for two days.
Violet Pomatum.
White wax, suet, lard, each, one pound; orris powder, olive oil, each, 8
ounces. Melt, and macerate for six hours, then strain, and stir in orangeflower water, two ounces.
Violet Pommade.
1. Beef suet, 1 part; lard, 2 parts. Melt and strain, then follow the
same plan as for Jasmin Pommade, which see.
2. Suet, 2 parts; lard, 5 parts; orris powder, 1 part. Melt with a gentle heat, and keep it in that state for two hours; cool, let it rest over for
two or three days, remelt and strain.
Violet Powder.
Starch or farina, 1 cwt.; orris powder, 7 pounds; essence of bergamot,
1 ounce; essence of lemon, I ounce; oil of rhodium, J ounce; oil of
cloves, j ounce. Mix well, and sift through lawn.
Imitation Platina.
Pale brass, 8 parts; spelter, 5 parts. Mix.
Platina-mohr.
Zinc, 2 parts; platinum, 1 part. Melt and reduce the alloy to powder,
whica must be treated with dilute sulphuric acid until all the zinc is washed
out; then wash it with water, digest it in a ley of potash, and again wash
it with water. This powder possesses the property of converting alcohol
into vinegar.
Mercurial Plating.
Quicksilver, 4 parts; nitric acid, 4 parts; finely-powdered cream of taitar, 2 parts; finely-powdered salt of sorrel, 1 part. Dissolve the silvel in
the acid, then add the rest, and stir until dissolved. This imparts a pleasing
silvery appearance to articles formed of copper, by merely applying it with
the finger.




ï~~274

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

To ctean Point Lace.
Stretch it in a tent, and clean it with a solution of white soap; wash
off the soap with water, and sponge it with starch on the wrong side;
when dry, iron it on the same side, then with a bodkin set it in order.
Pomatum.
1. Prepared suet, olive oil, each, 2 parts; lard, 1 part. Melt in a water
bath, then remove the vessel, and, when it begins to thicken, stir in the
following scent, in quantity at discretion:-Oil of cloves, 60 drops; neroli,
20 drops; lavender, 60 drops; bergamot, 90 drops; essence of ambergris,
50 drops; musk, 50 drops. Mix. A slight colour may be given to it, according to the fancy of the manufacturer.
2. Strained suet, 10 pounds; white wax, - pound. Melt, then stir well
min essence of bergamot, 1 ounce; essence of lemon,   ounce; oil of rosemary, 4 ounce; oil of lavender,   ounce; rose-water, 1 pint.
Plain Hard Pomatum.
1. Lard, suet, white wax, equal parts. Mix, with heat.
2. Prepared suet, 13 pounds: white wax, one pound. Mix.
3. Suet, 15 pounds. Melt, and stir in water, 2 pounds.
Either of these forms may be scented according to taste.
Roll Pomatum.
1. Suet, 5 parts; lard, white wax, each, one part. Mix, with a gentle
heat, then add lavender and bergamot to scent.
2. Mutton suet, 5 pounds; white wax, one pound; essence of lemon
and bergamot to scent.
3. Yellow wax, 5 pounds; suet, 15 pounds. Melt, then add neroli and
lemon to scent.
Soft Pomatum.
1. Suet, 9 pounds; lard, 10 pounds; beeswax, 8 ounces; gum benja
min, 5 ounces; perfume to taste.
2. Clarified lard, 12 pounds; clarified suet, 2 pounds; essence of bergamot, 1 ounce; essence of lemon, z ounce; oil of lavender, A ounce;
rose-water, 8 ounces. Melt the first two, then take the pan from the fire
and stir in the essences.
Plain Soft Pomatum.
1. Lard, 2 pounds; suet, one pound. Mix, with heat. This is ready
to receive any perfume, as agreeable.
2. Olive oil, white wax, lard, suet, equal parts. If required softer, use
a little less wax, or more lard and oil.
Pommade d la Jasmin.
Lard, suet, each, one pound; oil of almonds, 4 ounces. Mix, then add
spirits of jasmin, an ounce and a half.
Pommade a la Rose.
Lard, 4 pounds; suet, one pound; alkanet, one pound. Macerate with
heat to give a faint colour, then allow it to coal, and before it sets stir ip,mse-water, 5 ounces; ottar of roses to perfume.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS

"27b

Plummer's Alterative Powder.
Protochloride of quicksilver, sulphuret of antimony, equal parts. Mix.
Pommade d la Vanilla.
Powdered vanilla, one part; oil a la rose, 2 parts; pommade 4 la rose,
12 parts; bergamot, 3 part; suet, 2 parts. Melt in a water-bath, and stir
well for one hour, then let it settle for two hours, and pour off the clear.
Pommade aux Fleurs.
Lard, 4 pounds; suet, 1 pound. Melt, and stir in jasmin or orange
flowers to scent; let it stand for three or four days.
Pommade de Deuto-iodure de Mercure.
Deuto-iodide of quicksilver, eleven grains; lard, one ounce. Mix.
Pommade de la Jeunesse.
1. Lard, 16 ounces; white wax, one ounce; dinitrate of bismuth or
pearl white, 2 ounces; scent to taste. Used as a pommade to dye the hair
black.
2. Litharge (finely powdered), lime, bicarbonate of potash, each, one
ounce. Mix well in the dry state, then add melted lard, 13 ounces. Stir
well until cold.
Pommade de Proto-Iodure de Mercure.
Proto-iodide of mercury, eleven grains; lard, 1 ounce. Mix well.
Pommade Divine.
1. Lard, 3 pounds; white wax, J pound; balm of Gilead, 3 ounces;
oil of cloves, 6 drachms; essence of bergamot, 4 drachms. Mix as before.
2. Suet, white wax, lard, each, one pound; essence of lemon, essence
of bergamot, each, 6 drachms; oil of lavender, oil of origanum, each, 3
drachms. Melt the first three, with a gentle heat, remove them from the
fire, and while cooling stir in the scent.
3. Clarified lard, 12 pounds; storax, benjamin, orris powder, each, 4
ounces; powdered cassia, cloves, nutmegs, each, one ounce. Melt, and
keep them in that state for three hours, then strain, and add oil of lavender, 2 drachms; essence of bergamot, 3 drachms; rose-water (stirred well
in), one pint. Pot for use.
4. Suet, 3 pounds; storax, benzoin, orris powder, cassia, grated nutmegs, bruised cloves, each, 5 drachms. Digest in a gentle heat for twele
hours and strain.
5. French Rose. Beef suet, 5 pounds; yellow wax, 8 ounces; honey,
4 ounces; rose leaves, one gallon. Melt, and before it cools add rose-water,
one pint, essence of roses, one ounce. Stir well and mould it.
Pommade d' Orange.
1. Beeswax, 5 pounds; lard, 6 pounds; suet, 6 pounds; palm oil, 2
pounds. Melt, and while cooling stir in orange-flower water, 8 ounces,
essence of neroli, 3 drachms.
2. Lard, 2 pounds; yellow wax, 2 ounces; palm oil, 1 pound. Mix with
a gentle heat, then add essence of nerqli, 2 drachms.




ï~~276

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Pommade d' Or.
Amalgam of gold (yellow), 15 grains; lard, 1 ounce. Mix.
Pommade Dye for the Hair.
Nitrate of silver, one part; nitric acid, 2 parts; iron filings, 2 parts
Mix, and let them stand together for four or five hours, then pour them on
oatmeal, 2 parts. Next add lard, 3 parts, and mix well together.
Pontiff's Sauce.
Veal, ham, sliced onions, carrots, celery, parsnips, each, one pound;
shallots, corianders, lemon-peel, each, one oun-e; white wine, one quart;
vinegar, 2 quarts; catsup, one quart. Boil, adding the wine last, then
strain.
English Porcelain.
1. Ground flints, 7 parts; calcined bones, 18 pat's; china clay, 4 parts;
clay, 7 parts. Mix.
2. Ground flints, 11 parts; phosphate of lime, 17 parts; chiona clay, 16
parts; granite, 13 parts. Mix.
3. Very Fine. Fine white sand, 30 parts; phosphate of lime, 60 parts;
china, 20 parts; potash, 3 parts. Mix.
Choice of Pork.
If young, the rind will be thin, tender, and easily impressed with the
finger; when fresh, the flesh is smooth and cool; if clammy, avoid it; if
the fat is measly, or full of kernels, it is unwholesome.
British Port.
Damson juice, 20 gallons; cider, 20 gallons; sloe juice, 1 pound; su
gar, 10 pounds; honey, 10 pounds. Ferment, then add spirit, 3 gallons;
red cape, 10 gallons; red tartar (dissolved), I pound; powder of catechu,
Spound; bruised ginger, I ounce; cassia, 1 ounce; cloves. J ounce. Mix
well with brandy colouring, 1 pint, and fine with bullock's blood.
2. Bullys, 8 pounds; damsons, 40 pounds; water, 6 gallons. Boil the
water, skim it, and pour it boiling hot on the fruit; let it stand four or six
days at least. During that time bruise the fruit or squeeze it with your
hands. Then draw or pour it off into a cask, and to every gallon of liquor
put two pounds and a half of fine sugar, or rather more: put some yeast
on a slice of bread (warm) to work it. When done working, put a little
brandy into the cask and fill it up. Bung it up close, and let stand six or
twelve months: then bottle it off. The quantity of bullys should be one
pound to every five of damsons. This wine is nearer in flavour to port
than any other: if made with cold water, it will be equally as good, but
of a different colour.
3. Red cape, 100 gallons: sloe juice, 1 gallon; honey, 12 pounds;
rough cider, 21 gallons; bruised cochineal, 4 ounces; brandy colouring,
1 pint; spuit, 6 gallons; bruised bitter almonds, J ounce; cloves, _ ounce;
powdered catechu, 1 pound; red tartar, t pound. Mix well, and fine down
with bullock's blood.
4. Cider, 25 gallons; elder juice, 5 gallons; port wine, 5 gallons; bran.
ay, i gallon; red tartar, 6 ounces; catechu, 2 ounces; finings, 1 quart;
logwood, 1 pound. Well mix and bung close.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

277

Yellow Ink.
1. French berries, 1 pound; alum, 2 ounces; water, 1 gallon. Boil
and strain, then add gum arabic, 4 ounces.
2. Water, 30 parts; Avignon berries, 7 parts; gum alid alum, each 5
parts. Boil for one hour and strain.
Farrier's Embrocation for prains.
Oil of turpentine, soft soap, and spirits of wine, equal parts. Mix.
To Sprinkle Books.
Take a stiff brush made of hogs'-bristles, perfectly clean, dip it in the
colour; squeeze out the superfluous liquid; then rub a folding-stick across
the brush, and a fine sprinkle will fall on the edge of the book, which
should be previously screwed tight in the cutting-press. Repeat the operation until the colour is thrown equally on every part of the leaves. The
brush should be held in the left hand, and the stick in the right.
Spruce Beer.
Cold water, 10 gallons; boiling water, 11 gallons. Mix in a barrel, and
add molasses, 30 pounds, or brown sugar, 24 pounds; essence of spruce,
1 ounce or more. Add a pint of yeast and ferment; bottle in two or three
days. If you wish white spruce beer, use lump-sugar.
Spruce Beer Powders.
White sugar, I drachm; bicarbonate of soda, I scruple; essence of
spruce, 8 grains; essence of lemon, 1 grain. Mix and wrap it in blue
paper. Tbon add tartaric acid, - drachm, and wrap it in white paper. For
ise; disive each paper in separate glasses, one-third full of water, pour
te one into the other, and drink immediately.
Spruce Wine.
Honey and sugar, each 50 pounds; soft water, 25 gallons; starch, made
nto jelly, 2 pounds; essence of spruce and cream of tartar, each J pound.
Boil, then add essence of lemon, - ounce; yeast, J pound. Bung close.
Starch Lozenges.
Sugar, 1 pound; starch, liquorice-powder, and orris powder, each 1
ounce. Mix with mucilage.
Ointment of Stavesacre, for Horses, c-c.
Powdered stavesacre-seeds, 1 pound; lard, 4 pounds; oil, 1 pound
Mix. Used to destroy lice on cattle.
To Preserve Steel Goods.
Caoutchouc, 1 part; turpentine, 16 parts. Dissolve with a gentle heat,
then add boiled oil, 8 parts. Mix by bringing them to the heat of boiling
water; apply it to the steel with a brush, in the way of varnish. It may
be removed when dry with turpentine. The oil may be wholly omitted.
M. Dussaussy's Steel.
Copper, 100 parts; tin, 14 parts. This alloy may be hardened and
sharpened in a similar way to steel.
24




ï~~278

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Starkey's Soap.
Spirits of turpentine, caustic potash, and water, of each a sufficient
quantity. The potash may be rendered caustic by passing the ley over
quicklime.
Steel Lozenges.
1. Sugar, 2 pounds; starch, 1 pound; carbonate or oxide of irn, 6
ounces; powdered cassia, 5 ounces. Mix with mucilage.
2. Aromatic.-Tincture of cantharides and finely-powdered cassia, eah
2 ounces; sulphate of iron, 1 ounce; sugar, 6 pounds. Mix with mucilage.
Steel Solder.
Silver, 18 parts; copper, 1 part; brass, 2 parts.
To Gild Steel.
Apply an etherial solution of gold. This is equally adapted to lettering,
as wholly covering the object. It may be applied with a pen or otherwise.
Stereotype Metal. (Small Type Metal.)
Lead, 18 parts; antimony, 4 parts; bismuth, 2 parts. Melt.
Steer's Opodeldoc.
Castile soap, 8 parts; rectified spirit, 64 parts; camphor, 24 parts; oil
of rosemary,   part; oil of origanum, I part; solution of ammonia, 6
parts. Mix.
For Sore Nipples.
Aleppo galls in powder, 3vj.; Vin. Alb. 3vj. Digest with a gentle heat
for twenty-four hours, strain, and apply compresses wet with it three or
four times a day, beginning as early as the sixth month of gestation, and
continue until the full time.
To make a Solution of Tin Aqua Regia.
Mix together eight ounces of filtered river water, in eight ounces of dou.
ble aquafortis, and gradually half an ounce of sal ammoniac dissolved piece
by piece, and two drachms of saltpetre. Then take one ounce of refined
black tin, and melt it, and then let it fall gradually at the height of several
inches into water, so as to render it in fine pieces. Now gradually add
this tin to the above liquid, allowing one piece to dissolve before another is
added. When all has been dissolved, cork up in a bottle and keep in a
cool place. Used by dyers in colouring yellow.
Alteratives for Animals.
Take of cream of tartar, half an ounce, of saltpetre, half an ounce, to
be given mixed in a mash. The above for a horse, a little less for other
animals, according to judgment.
To Prevent the Bite of Musquitoes.
Apply a thick lather of soap to the skin of the face and hands..d Strengthening Mixture for Animals.
Take of white vitriol, 1 drachm;.ground ginger, 2 drachms; powdered
quassia, J an ounce; ale, J pint. Mix, and give as a drench.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

zi

Astringent Mixture for Scours.
Suet cut fine and boiled in new milk, in the proportion of one quarter
of a pound to a pint of the milk. To this must be added of boiled starch,
one pint; alum, in powder, one drachm. Given as a drench. Good both
for horses and cattle.
Wash for Sore Eyes in Animals.
White vitriol, 2 scruples; sugar of lead, 1 drachm; water, 1 pint. Mix.
Muriate of Tin.
This is made by dissolving half an ounce of granulated tin to 8 ounces
of muriatic acid; when dissolved bottle the clear liquid. Used by dyers
in scarlet colours.
Stimulating Ointment for Horses.
Yellow resin, spirit of turpentine, tallow, flour of mustard, each I pound;
rape oil, 8 ounces; red precipitate, 4 ounces. Mix.
Stimulant Plaster.
Plaster of Spanish flies, 1 part; Burgundy pitch, 7 parts; yellow wax,
I part; oil, 2 parts. Mix.
Oil of St. John's -Wort.
1. Leaves, 1 part; rape oil, 5 parts. Infuse for some days.
2. Factitious.-Rape oil, 1 gallon; root alkanet, 6 ounces; verdigris,
ounce. Mix, and digest with heat, then pour off the clear.
Artificial (Keene's Patent) Stone.
1. White.-Alum, I pound; water, 1 gallon. Dissolve, then steep in
this liquor calcined gypsum, J cwt. Next dry for eight days in the open
air, and calcine at a dull, red heat; grind and sift and form into a paste with
water, when hard apply a thin layer of the above paste over the surface
with a brush; when quite hard, polish with pumice, &c., in the usual way
2. Cream Colour.-Alum, 1 pound; copperas, I pound; water, 9 pints.
Dissolve, and proceed as before.
Stone, Fig, Thumb, or Queen's Blue.
1. Starch and whiting, equal parts. Add finely-powdered indigo to
colour.
2. Take starch, and indigo to colour. Mix.
Stone Marble for Leather Book-Covers, 4.c.
Glaire the cover, and when dry, put the book into the cutting-press with
the boards sloping, to cause the colours to run gently down. Throw on
weak copperas-water with a brush; dip a sponge into the strong potashwater, and press out the colour from the sponge on different parts of the
back, so that the colours may run down each side from the back. Where
the brown has left a vacancy apply vitriol-water in the same manner. The
book must remain till perfectly dry, before washing it.
Engraver's Stopping-out Varnish.
Take lamp-black, and turpentine to make a paste.




ï~~280

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Stone-Colour Paint.
Road dust, 2 cwt.; ground white-lead, J cwt.; whiting, 1 cwt.; ground
umber, 14 pounds; lime-water, 6 gallons. Factitious linseed oil to grind.
Factitious Liquid Storax.
1. Liquid storax, 1 part; balsam of tolu, 30 parts; balsam of Peru, 2
parts; spirit of wine, 7 parts. Mix.
2. Strained.-Storax, 7 pounds; benzoin, 15 pounds; tolu, 7 pounds;
socotrine aloes, 2 pounds; alcohol, 15 gallons. Digest for one week with
occasional agitation, then add balsam of Peru, 1 pound; sweet oil, 12
ounces. Mix well.
Balsam of tolu, 12 pounds; balsam of Peru, 2 pounds. Mix.
Storm Glasses.
Canimpaor, 4 parts; nitre, 3 parts; sal ammoniac, I part; alcohol, 32
parts. Dissolve, and keep it in a glass tube or bottle, covered with bladder,
To make a Butt of Porter Stout.
Stir in thirty pounds of brown sugar, or fifty pounds of molasses with
a quart of finings. It is a common practice to add, porter extract.
To mend Cracks in Stoves.
German Method.-Take equal parts of wood ashes and common salt,
and mix them to a proper consistence with water; with this fill the cracks.
Strass, or Mayence Base.
1. Pure rock crystal or flint, 8 parts; salt of tartar, 25 parts. Powder,
mix well, bake and cool, then put it into a basin of water and add dilute
nitric acid until effervescence ceases; collect, wash, and dry the powder;
next asdd fine white-lead, 12 parts. Levigate and well wash it with pure
water, then of the above mixture, dried, 12 parts; calcined borax, 1 part.
Triturate them together, melt in a clean crucible, and pour the mixture into
cold water; dry, powder, and melt in the same manner, a third time, always in a fresh crucible, observing to separate any lead that may be revived.
To the third frit, ground to powder, add purified nitre $ part. Remelt, and
a mass of crystal will be found in the crucible, of a beautiful and diamondlike lustre.
2. Arsenic, I part; borax, 23 parts; pure pearlash, 180 parts; minium,
525 parts; rock crystal, 338 parts. Mix, as before.
3. Arsenic, 1 part; borax, 30 parts; potash, 105 parts; carbonate of
lead, 709 parts; fine white sand, 315 parts. Mix with care.
4. Arsenic, I part; borax, 35 parts; potass, 325 parts; minium, 900
parts; rock crystal, 580 parts. Treat as before.
5. Rock crystal, 400 parts; pure white lead, 945 parts; pure potash,
140 parts; borax, 41 parts.
6. Pure potash, 2 parts; fine white sand, 15 parts; litharge, 20 parl.t
See also Paste.
Strawberry Water.
Take bruised strawberries, 1 cwt.; water, 20 gallons. Distil over fifteer
gallons.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

281

Strawberry Wine.
Bruised strawberries, 12 gallons; cider, 10 gallons: water, 7 gallons;
sugar, 25 pounds. Ferment, then add of bruised orris root, bruised bitter
almonds, and bruised cloves, each   ounce; dissolved red tartar, 6 ounces.
Strengthening Mixture.
Infusion of bark, 7 ounces; sulphate of quinine, 9 grains; dilute sulphuric acid, 30 grains; syrup of orange-peel, 2 drachms. Mix. Dosetwo table-spoonfuls three times a day.
Strengthening Plaster.
1. Simple diachylon, 22 pounds; thuris, 5 pounds; dragon's-blood, 2
pounds. Mix.
2. Diachylon, 20 pounds; gum thuris, 4 pounds; peroxide of iron, 2
pounds. Mix. This is a cheap form for the emplastrum    huris of the
Dublin College.
3. Diachylon, 80 pounds; gum thuris, 29 pounds; Armenian bole, 5
pounds. Mix with heat. Said to be used as a mechanical support to the
muscles by public dancers.
Ale, Beer, and Porter from Sugar and Malt.
Omit one-half the malt and substitute coarse brown sugar after the rate
of eighty pounds of sugar for every quarter.
Prepared Suet.
Follow the same plan as for lard.
Sugar Beer.
Bran, 1 peck; hops, 4 pound. Boil them in water, 10 gallons. Strain
and add coarse sugar, 4 pounds; yeast, 1 spoonful. Ferment. This beer
will not keep many days.
White Sugar Candy.
Take a saturated solution of clarified sugar, hot, and place it in a jemperature of 900 or 1000 F., and promote crystallization by placing threads
across the syrup.
Sugar from Carrots.
From carrot roots by the same process as for Parsnip Sugar.
Sugar from Starch.
Starch, 100 parts; water, 400 parts; animal charcoal, 7 parts; oil of
vitriol, 6 parts; chalk, 10 parts  Dissolve the starnh in two-thirds the
water, and add the vitriol, diluted with the remainder; boil for five or six
hours, then add the charcoal and chalk; boil for thirty minutes more;
strain, evaporate, and crystallize. Similar to Grape Sugar.
Sugar of Lead Ointment.
1. Lard and suet, each 1 pound; sugar of lead, 2 ounces. Mix. Cool
ing desiccation.
2. Sweet oil, 2 pounds; white wax, 6 ounces; sugar of lead,, ounces
Mix.
'4  '




ï~~282

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Sugar from Grapes.
Take grapes and express the juice, then add chalk to saturate the acid,
allow the liquid to settle; pour off the clear, clarify with eggs, skim, and
evaporate.
To Clarify Coarse Sugar.
Coarse sugar, 1 cwt.; water, 6 gallons; white of eggs, 12 in number;
fresh-burnt charcoal, powdered, 7 pounds. Put them into a cold copper
and well mix, then apply heat for a short time, and strain through a bag,
mixing a little pulp of brown paper with the syrup before putting it into
the filter; return the first runnings. Animal charcoal is the best to whiten
syrups.
To Clarify Loaf Sugar.
Broken sugar, 1 cwt.; water, 8 gallons; whites of eggs, 20 in number.
Put them into the copper (cold), and mash until dissolved, then apply heat
and skim the syrup until it is perfeatly clear, then turn the cock. Have
some cold water ready to throw into the copper in case it should boil over.
To Improve Common Sugar.
Moist sugar, 1 cwt.; flour, 20 pounds. Mix well, then pass them through
the mill.
To make Devices in Sugar.
Powdered lump-sugar, any quantity, make it into a paste with mucilage, and mould it to taste.
Sugar Vinegar.
To each gallon of water add two pounds of brown sugar, and a little
yeast, leave it exposed to the sun for six months, in a vessel slightly
'topped.
Sulphuret of Iron.
Sulphur, 5 parts; iron filings, 3 parts. Melt in a covered crucible. Excellent for taking casts of medals, &c.
Sulphuret of Potash.
Flowers of sulphur, 1 part; pearlash, 5 parts. Mix in a close vessel
with heat.
Sulphuretted Tar.
Balsam of sulphur and Barbadoes tar, equal parts. Mix, with heat.
Balsam or Oil of Sulphur.
Flowers of sulphur, I pound; Seal oil, 1 gallon. Boil until dissolved.
Sulphur Lozenges.
Flowers of sulphur, 1 ounce; essence of lemon, 1 dracbm; sugar, 9
pound. Mix with mucilage.
Milk of Sulphur.
Sulphur, 1 part; pearlash, 3 parts. Boil in sufficient water, filter and
add dilute sulphuric acid. Collect and wash the precipitate. Quicklime
may De used instead of pearlash, and hydrochloric instead of sulphurir
acid.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

28

Sulphur Ointment.
1. ISulphur, 1 pound; lard, 4 pounds. Mix.
2. Lard, 7 pounds; milk sulphur, 2 pounds. Mix.
3. Flowers of sulphur, 1 pound; lard, 4 pounds; essence of lemon and
essence of bergamot, each 4 drachms. Mix.
4. Compound.-Sulphur, 1 pound; soft soap, I pound; powdered
nitre, - pound; lard, 2 pounds. Mix. For the itch.
Superb Liquid Blue.
Put into a small matrass or common phial an ounce of Prussian blu
reduced to powder, and pour over it from one ounce and a half to two
ounces of concentrated muriatic acid. The mixture produces an efferves.
cence, and the prussiate soon assumes the consistence of thin paste. Leave
it in this state for twenty-four hours; then dilute it with eight or nine
ounces of water, and preserve the colour thus diluted in a bottle well stopped. The intensity of this colour may be lessened, if necessary, by new
doses of water. If the whole of this mixture be poured into a quart of
water, it will still exhibit a colour sufficiently dark for washing prits.
Modelling IVWax.
This is made of white wax, which is melted and mixed with lard to
make it malleable. In working it, the tools and the board or stone are
moistened with water, to prevent its adhering; it may be coloured to any
desirable tint with dry colour.
Suppurating Liniment for Horses.
Tallow, 14 pounds; flour mustard, 1 pound; camphor and oil of origa.
num, each 1 ounce. Mix.
Sweet Fennel Water.
Fennel-seeds, 28 pounds; water, 30 gallons. Distil off twenty-seven
or twenty-eight gallons.
Sweet Sauce.
Red wine, 2 pints; vinegar, 1 pint; sugar, 4 pound;-sliced onions, I
ounce. A little cassia. Boil for fifteen minutes, and strain.
Sweet Extract of Wormwood.
Proof-spirit, 4 gallons; water, 1 gallon; tops of wormwood, 6 pounds;
roots of angelica, 1 scruple; calamus aromaticus and cassia, each 1 scruple; oil of aniseed, 2 drachms. Macerate for eight days, then distil Afl
four gallons with a gentle heat.
Sycamore Wine.
Sap, 2 gallons; water, 20 gallons; sugar, 45 pounds; cider. 5 gallonb,
raisins, 5 pounds. Boil and ferment, then add six to nine per cent. of
spirit, and fine with eggs.
Sydenham's Liquid Laudanum.
Opium, 12 parts; cinnamon or cassia, cloves, and saffron, each I part
common white wine, 100 parts. Dissolve in a close vessel, with the heal
of a water-bath.




ï~~284

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Pastry Cook's Sweet Spice.
Sugar, 2 parts; cassia, nutmegs, mace, and cloves, each 1 part. Mix.
Sydenham's Styptic Water.
Alum and sulphuric acid, each 2 parts; sulphate of copper, 3 parts;
water, 8 parts. Dissolve and filter.
Solid Syllabub.
Cream and white wine, each 1 quart; juice of two lemons; peel of one
lemon, grated. Sugar to sweeten. Mix, and mill them to a froth, then
rake off the scum as it rises, and place it to drain on a hair-sieve; half fill
the glasses with the scum and heap the froth on it.
Sympathetic Ink.
Write with starch wa er, and when you wish the writing to be developed
touch the part with a weak solution of iodine.
Lotion for Syphilitic Eruptions.
Bichloride of mercury, 8 grains; muriatic acid, 10 drops; almond milk,
1 pint; spirits of lavender, 1 ounce. Mix.
Ointment for Syphilitic Eruptions, Sore Throat, 4.c.
Ointment of nitrated mercury, 1 ounce; superacetate of lead, 25 grains;
spermaceti ointment, 3 ounces. Mix.
Ointment to Alleviate Syphilitic Pains.
1. Iodine, 1 drachm; morphine, 3 grains; spermaceti ointment, 1 ounce
Mix..2. Mercurial ointment, 1 ounce; iodine, powdered opium, and camphor
each 1 drachm. Mix.
Gargle for Syphilitic Sore Throat.
Chloride of soda, 4 ounces; distilled water, 5 ounces. Mix.
Table Beer.
Brew as for strong beer, only use an increased quantity of water. If
orewed after strong beer, the process is simply another mashing, to which
a few hops must be added.
To restore Tainted Meat.
If salted, wash it, and throw away the old brine, then replace it with the
following composition, and let it lie in it for a few days: Fresh-burnt charcoal, powdered, 12 parts; common salt, 11 parts; saltpetre, 4 parts. Mix.
This must be used the same as common salt; and when you want to cook
the meat, the black colour may be removed with clean water.
To Whiten Tallow.
Take the tallow, melt it, and add a little alum and saltpetre, or a little
nitric or sulphuric acid.
To improve Tamarinds.
When tamarinds become dry, or lose their taste or acidity, beat them up
with a little syrup, and add sufficient dilute sulphuric acid to make thenr
pleasant.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS

285

Snow's Alterative Pills.
Socotrine aloes, 2 drachms; rhubarb, 1 drachm; carbonate of soda
(dried), 1 drachm; calomel, 2 scruples; castile soap, 2 drachms. Divide
Into ninety-six pills.
Soap d la Rose.
Good tallow soap (new made), olive oil, equal parts. Reduce the soap
to thin shavings, and put them with the oil into a proper vessel; expose it
to the heat of a water-bath, until its contents form a homogeneous paste,
then add vermilion to colour; cool a little, and stir in a sufficient quantity
of the following mixture to perfume: Essence of roses, 4 parts; essence
of bergamot, 3 parts; essence of cloves, 1 part; essence of cassia, 1 part.
Mix.
Soap au Bouquet.
Good tallow soap (in shavings), 4 cwt.; essence of bergamot, 4 ounces;
oil of cloves, 7 drachms; oil of sassafras, 7 drachms; oil of thyme, 7
drachms; neroli, 3- drachms; brown ochre to colour. Reduce the soap to
a perfectly even paste by the heat of a water-bath, adding a little water,
then proceed, as for Soap la la Rose.
Soap Cerate.
Litharge, 1 pound; vinegar, 8 pounds. Dissolve with heat, then add
white soap, I pound; yellow wax, j pound; 'weet oil, 1 pound. Mix.
Clarified Soay
Soap, 1 pound; water, 2 pounds. Dissolve and filter, then evaporate.
Liquid Soap.
Sweet oil, 7 parts; caustic potass, 1 part; rose-water sufficient quantity
to reduce it to a proper state. Rub the oil, alkali, and a few spoonfuls of
the water together in a hot mortar until united, then add the remainder of
the water as required;
Soap Marble for Books.
This is applicable for marbling stationery, book edges, or sheets of paper
for ladies' fancy work.
Grind, on a marble slab, prussian blue, with water, and a little brown
soap, to a fine pliable consistence, that it may be thrown on with a small
brush.
Grind king's yellow, in the same manner, with water and white soap.
When green is intended for the ground colour, grind it with brown soap,
and king's yellow with white soap. Lake may be used for a ground colour,
and Prussian blue ground with white soap: brown umber for a ground
colour, and flake white ground with white soap. Any colour of a light
substance may be ground for marbling.
Soap Plaster.
I. Diachylon, 12 pounds; soap, 5 pounds; yellow resin, 5 pounds,
sweet oil, 3 pounds; red lead, 31 pounds. Mix. Discutient.
2. Diachylonr, 24 pounds; soap, 4 pounds. Mix.
3. Sweet oil. 16 pounds; red lead, 8 pounds; soap, 6 pounds. Mix.




ï~~286

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Shaving Soap.
Good white soap (itt thin shavings), 3 pounds; palm soap, 1 pound,
soft water, I pound; soda, 1 ounce. Melt carefully over a slow fire, in an
earthen vessel, then add oil of lavender, 60 drops; oil of lemon, 40 drops;
bergamot, 50 drops. Mix well, and make it into forms.
Transparent Soap.
White soap (dry), 1 pound; alcohol, 5 pounds. Dissolve and distil off
the alcohol until the soap is of the consistence for moulding, then make it
into forms, place them in a proper retort, and gradually distil off the remainder of the spirit.
Easy Mode of Smoking Meat.
Take pyroligneous acid, and either immerse the meat in it for a short
time, or give it two or three coats with a painter's brush; then hang it up
to dry.
To Cure Smoky Chimneys.
1. Contract the draught. This is infallible, if properly done.
2. Increase the height or crookedness of the chimney. The more turns
a chimney has, the greater is (usually) the draught.
To Prevent the Smut in Wheat.
Steep the girain in lime-water, or a weak ley of wood-ashes, or pearlash.
Soda Water.
Take clear water, and force into it by means of a pump, from six to ten
times its bulk of carbonic acid gas, obtained from marble; cork and wire
the bottles. Soda water should always be kept in a cool place, with the
necks of the bottle downwards.
Best double Soda Water.
Water, 1 gallon; soda, 2 ounces. Force in gas as above.
Bottled Soda Water.
1. Take the soda water bottles, and fill them with clear water, fit corks
to them, and set them down, then take one at a time, add bicarbonate of
soda, J drachm; sulphuric acid, 10 or 12 drops. Cork immediately and
wire them as before.
2. Clear water, 1 gallon; bicarbonate of soda, 10 drachms. Fill the
bottles with the fluid, then add sulphuric acid, 11 or 12 drops. Cork and
wire down immediately. The corks should be previously fitted in readiness.
3. Instead of sulphuric acid, use for every bottle tartaric acid, 28 grails.
Green Soft Wax.
Yellow resin, I part; bees-wax, 5 parts; turpentine, 1 part; green verdigris, 2 parts, or less. Mix with a gentle heat. Any other colo;ir may
be used.
Common Solder, for Tin, fc.
Lead, 2 parts; tin, I part. Fuse together, and pour it into maslda
sed with powdered iesin.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

287

SEffervescing Soluble Tartar.
Pearlash, 1 pound; cream of tartar, 3 pounds. Dry and powder each
separately, then mix them and keep them in well-corked bottles. An extellent purgative, in doses of from one to six drachms.
Lotion for Sore Legs.
Copperas (green), 6 drachms; alum, 4 drachms; verdigris (cryscallized),
1 drachm; sal ammoniac, 1 drachm; water, 1 quart. Mix and dissolve.
Detergent Gargle for Inflammatory Sore Throat.
Nitrate of potash  owdered), 1 part; honey, 3 parts; infusion of roses,
21 parts. Mix. To be used every two hours.
Embrocation for Sore Throat.
Strong solution of ammonia, 3 parts; salad oil, (0. 0. 0.), 8 parts,incture of opium, 2 parts. Mix. To be well rubbed in with a piece of
flannel night and morning.
Soujie.
Pearl sago, 13 parts; arrow-root or pure starch, 2 parts; rusk powder,
t part. Mix in fine powder.
German Method to Restore Sour Wines.
Put a small quantity of coarsely-powdered fresh-burnt charcoal into the
cask.
Soy.
Kidney beans, 1 gallon; wheat (bruised), I gallon; malt, (bruised), 4
gallon; salt (bruised), 1 gallon. Mix them, and let them lay together for
two or three days, then add boiling water, 2 gallons; red herrings, 1 pound;
garlic, 3 ounces; Italian juice, 3 ounces. Let them stand in a jar together
for three months.
Cerate of Spanish Flies.
Spermaceti ointment, 13 ounces; Spanish flies, 3 ounces. Mix.
Ointment of Spanish Flies.
1. Lard 3 parts; powdered flies, 1 part. Mix.
2. Flies, 1 ounce; water, 5 ounces. Infuse for twelve hours, then strain
with expression, and add spermaceti ointment, 5 ounces.
Plaster of Spanish Flies.
1. Simple wax plaster, 3 pounds; suet, 1 pound; cantharides or flies, 2
pounds. Mix.
2. Yellow wax, yellow resin, suet, Spanish flies, equal p)arts. Mix.
3. Common wax plaster, 9 parts; suet, I part; colour to sample. Melt
and rub the rolls over with a little powder of Spanish flies. In all spread
listers, it is usual to sprinkle some powdered flies over the surface, and
these& principally, if not solely, raise the blister. This form therefore is
quite as active as the genuine plaster, and is much less expensive.
Spanish Rouge or Wool.
Colour wool with safflower rouge, and dry it.




ï~~288                PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.
Hard Solder.
Copper, 2 parts. Fuse, and add tin, 1 part.
Soft Solder.
Tin, 2 parts; lead, 1 part. Fuse.
Rules for Judging when the Eyes require the assistance of Specia
cles.
I. When we are obliged to remove small objects to a considerable dis
tance from the eye in order to see them distinctly.
2. If we find it necessary to get more light than formerly, as, for instance
to place the candle between the eye and the object.
3. If, on looking at, and attentively considering a near object, it fatigues
the eye and becomes confused, or if it appears to have a kind of dimness or
mist before it.
4. When small printed letters are seen to run into each other, and hence,
by looking steadfastly on them, appear double or treble.
5. If the eyes are so fatigued by a little exercise, that we are obliged to
shut them from time to time, so as to relieve them by looking at different
objects.
When all these circumstances concur, or any of them separately takes
place, it will be necessary to seek assistance from glasses, which will ease
the eyes, and in some degree check their tendency to become worse:
whereas, if they be not assisted in time, the weakness will be considerably
increased, and the eyes be impaired by the efforts they are compelled to
exert.
Speculum Metal.
1. Copper, 43 parts; tin, 20 parts. Mix.
2. Copper, 7 parts. Melt, and add zinc, 3 parts; tin, 4 parts.
Spermaceti Cerate.
Sweet oil, 8 ounces; suet, 4 ounces; white wax, 3 ounces; spermaceti,
1 ounce. Mix, and while cooling, stir in water, 5 ounces.
Factitious Spermaceti.
White spermaceti, 10 parts; sonorous cake stearine, 20 parts; potato
starch, 5 parts; mucilage, 1 part. Melt the first three and unite well, then
let the mass cool to the consistence of dough, turn it out on an oiled marble
or lead slab, and roll it into a cake; next sprinkle a little mucilage on it,
double it, and roll again, repeat the process as often as required; lastly,
allow it to cool. If it has been properly managed, it will, when broken up,
flake, and resemble spermaceti.
Oil of Spike.
I. Oil of turpentine, Barbadoes tar, of each, equal quantities. Unite
with heat.
2. Oil of turpentine, 1 gallon; Barbadoes tar, 6 ounces; alkanet root,
3 ounces. Macerate for three or four days.
3. (Panter's.)-Spirits of turpentine, 13 ounces; oil of lavender, 8
-unces. Mix.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

289

Spermaceti Ointment.
1. Oil of olives, 4 pounds; white wax, 2 pounds; spermaceti, 1 pound;
water, I J pound. Mix, and stir until cold.
2. Olive oil, 3 pounds; suet, 4 pounds; white wax, 1 pound; spermaceti, 14 ounces. Mix, and when cooling, stir in rose-water and plain
water, eight ounces each.
3. (Good and cheap.)-1. Lard, 4 cwt.; suet, I cwt.; rape oil, 15
pounds. Melt, then add gum     arabic, 9 pounds; dissolved in water, 2
gallons. Stir well until cold.
4. White suet, 1 cwt.; rape oil, 2 gallons. Melt with a gentle heat,
then add gum arabic, 6 pounds; dissolved in water, 2 gallons. As before.
Spirit of Cytherea.
Spirit of violets, 1 part; spirit of jasmin, 1 part; spirit of tuberose, 1
part; spirit of clove gilly-flower, 1 part; spirit of roses, 1 part; spirit of
Portugal, 1 part; orange-flower water, 2 parts. Mix.
Spirit of Flowers of Italy.
Spirit of jasmin, 4 parts; spirit of roses, 4 parts; spirit of oranges, 4
parts; spirit of cassia, 4 parts - range-flower water, 3 parts. Mix.
To Sweeten Spirits.
Dissolve your sugar or syrup in the water and filter it before adding it to
the other articles.
Spirit Varnish.
Strong alcohol, 32 parts; pure mastic, 4 parts; sandarach, 3 parts;
clear Venice turpentine, 2 parts; coarsely-powdered glass, 4 parts. Dissolve.
Factitious Burnt Sponge.
Ivory black, 6 parts; common salt, 3 parts; powdered charcoal, 14 parts.
Mix.
Sponge Lozenges.
1. White sugar f pound; starch, 4 ounces; burnt sponge, 4 ounces.
Mucilage to mix.
2. Refined sugar (powdered), 100 parts; burnt sponge (powdered), 20
parts. Mix with mucilage.
Sponge Tents.
Dip pieces of soft sponge into melted wax, and compress them while
warm.   When cold, cut themn into the required shapes and sizes.
Prince Rupert's Drops.
Take melted glass, and let it fall in drops into cold water. These drops
possess the peculiar property of bursting into powder, with an explosion
on breaking off a small portion of their tails.
Prince's Metal.
1. Copper, 3 parts; zinc, 1 part.
2. Brass, 8 parts; zinc, 1 part.
3. Zinc, copper, equal parts. Mix.
25




ï~~290

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Spotted Marble for Books, 4c.
After the fore-edge of the book is cut, let it remain in the press, and
throw on linseeds in a regular manner; sprinkle the edge with any dark
colour, till the white paper is covered, then shake off the seeds. Various
colours may be used: the edge may be coloured with yellow or red before
throwing on the seeds and sprinkling with blue. The seeds will make a
fine fancy edge when placed very thick on different parts, with a few
slightly thrown on the spaces between.
Printing Ink.
1. (Very fine.)-Balsam of capaivi, 9 parts; fine lamp-black, 4 parts
indigo, 1 part; dry yellow soap, 3 parts. Grind perfectly smooth.
2. (Extemporaneous.)-Balsam of capaivi, lamp-black to colour. Grind
well together with a little soap.
3. Take linseed oil; heat it in a proper vessel until it begins to boil,
then remove it from the fire and kindle the vapour; allow it to burn, till it
becomes stringy when tried between the fingers, then add gradually to
every quart, black resin, 1 pound. Dissolve, and add very cautiously, dry
brown soap in shavings, 4J ounces to every quart. Set it upon the fire
and stir the mixture until the combination is complete; next, put into a
suitable pot, finely-ground indigo, 1 ounce; fine Prussian blue, 1 ounce;
fine lamp-black, 18 ounces. For every pound of resin employed pour the
liquid on the colour, well mix, and lastly, subject it to the action of a mill.
To make Prints and Drawings to resemble Oil Paintings.
Canada balsam, 1 part; turpentine, 2 parts. Mix and apply it to the
paper or print, previously well sized and dried.
Le Blond's Varnish for Prints.
Balsam of copaiba, 4 parts; powdered copal, 1 part. Mix and"keep it
in a close vessel, at a heat of 1500 Fahr. until the gum is dissolved, then
thin it with turpentine.
Prussian Blue.
Potash or pearlash, 10 parts; coke, cinders, or coal, 10 parts; iron turnings, 5 parts. Grind into a coarse powder and expose for half an hour to a
fuill red heat, in an open crucible, stirring the mixture occasionally. Whenr,
the small jets of purple flame cease, which will be in about the time named,
allow the mass to cool; then add water to dissolve the soluble matter, and
set aside the black foot that remains for a future operation. Next filter the
solution, and add sulphate of iron (copperas), five parts (dissolved), and
brighten the colour of the precipitate by the addition of muriatic acid. This
process yields twenty-five per cent. of Prussian blue (ferrocyanide of iron)
on the quantity o pure potash in the salt employed. The larger the quantity operated on, the greater the relative product.
To Dye with Prussian Blue.
Immerse the silk (previously properly cleaned with soap) in a bath of
persulphate of iron, then rinse well in clean water, and plunge it into a
bath of ferrocyanodide of potash, slightly acidulated with sulphuric acid
Rinse. Every shade of blue may be dyed in this way by properly appo
tioning the strength of the baths, and the duration of the immersion.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

291

To fine Port.
As other red wine, (see Wine.)
Southampton Port.
Cider, 80 gallons; elder wine, 20 gallons; damson wine, 25 gallons;
red cape, 15 gallons; brandy, 10 gallons; catechu, 6 ounces; red tartar,
9 ounces; cochineal, 1 ounce. Mix. Silent spirit is as fit as brandy for
this wine.
To improve Port.
Full flavoured port, 2 pipes; common port, 1 pipe; red cape, 2J pipes,
mountain, 20 gallons; cape madeira, 15 gallons; brandy bull or washings
out, 20 gallons; red tartar (dissolved), 2 pounds; powdered gum catechu,
2J pounds. Mix well.
To improve Poor Red Port.
Sugar, 3 pounds; flour, 1 pound; bruised cloves, J ounce; colouring, 1
quart. Mix up in two gallons of the wine, then turn it into the cask, and
also add ten or twelve gallons of some full-bodied white wine, and if deficient in astringency add some powdered catechu, then fine it.
Porter.
1. Pale malt, 9 quarters -,brown malt, 8 quarters; amber malt, 8 quarters: hops, 1' cwt.; Italian juice, 30 pounds; porter extract, 5 pounds.
I.-Mash at 1560 Fahr. with 52 barrels for one hour; set at 1370 F.
II.-Mash at 1600 Fahr. with 36 barrels; set at 1460 Fahr.
III.-Mash at 1500 Fahr. with 59 barrels for a quarter of an hour; set
at 1320 Fahr.
Boil each mash with the hops in portions, and add burnt malt to colour.
cool and tun at 64Â~ Fahr.
2. Pale malt, 8 quarters; amber malt, 6 quarters; brown malt, 2 quartet a. Mash at twice, with 55 and 48 barrels of water, then boil with Kent
hops, one cwt. and set with yeast, 10 gallons; salt, 7 pounds; flour, 2
pr unds. Twenty barrels of good table beer may be had from the grains.
If deficient in colour, add burnt malt.
3. Good Bottling. Pale malt, 5 quarters; amber malt, 3 quarters; brown
ualt, 2 quarters; patent malt to colour if required. Mash with twenty-four,
f turteen and eleven barrels of water, then boil with Kent hops, one cwt.,
tnd set with yeast, 7 gallons; salt, 3 pounds. Mash the grains for table
SPer.
To bottle Porter.
I. Choose clear weather, if possible.
2. Leave the bung out of the cask all night.
3. Fill your bottles, then throw sheets of paper over them to keep out.he dust, and let them stand for twenty-four hours, then cork and wire.
4. Pack them away in a cool place.
If for exportation to a hot climate, the hung must be left out of the cask
for twenty-four hours. and the bottles must not be corked for at least:hree
days. If for immediate use, we may ripen it in two or three days, by addin, *:mall piece of sugar to each bottle before corking.




ï~~'292

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

London Port.
Rough cider, 60 gallons; port, 10 gallons; red cape, 40 gallons; sloe
juice, 1 gallon; red tartar, T pound; powdered catechu, J pound; bruised
cochineal, 6 ounces; brandy colouring, 1 pint; spirit, 10 gallons. Mix well.
Portland Powder.
Round birthwort root, gentian, leaves of germander, ground pine, tops
of lesser centaury, equal parts, dried and powdered. Dose: one drachmin
every morning in a glass of wine, water, or tea, for gout and rheumatism.
Factitious Potash or Pearlash.
Scotch soda, 1 cwt.; quicklime, 4 cwt.; common salt, I cwt.; verdigris
2 ounces. Mix all together in coarse powder and heat them in an iron
pot until they unite into one mass; then cool and break it into small pieces.
Effervescing Solution of Potass.
Bicarbonate of potass, one ounce; distilled water, one gallon. Dissolve,
then put it into suitable sized bottles, and force in carbonic acid gas to supersaturate the potass. Keep it well stopped and in a cool place.
Pommade avec 'Hydriodate de Potasse.
Hydriodate of potass, 20 grains; prepared lard, one ounce. Mix with
care. Used as an application in scrofula and syphilis to swelled glands.
Pommade de Hydriodate lodure de Potasse.
Hydriodate of potass, 20 grains; iodine, 9 grains; lard, 1 ounce. Mix
with care. Applied to scrofulous and venereal swellings.
Pure or Caustic Potass.
Powdered fresh-burnt lime, one part; pearlash, 2 parts; water, 12 parts.
Mix, well agitate in a close vessel, and allow it to settle: filter and evaporate until the solution appears like oil, then pour it on an iron plate and
cut it into pieces. Preserve it in well-closed bottles.
Subcarbonate of Potass.
1. Nitre, 4 parts; charcoal, 1 part. Pour or throw them into a heated
crucible, then cool, wash out the alkali, filter and evaporate to dryness.
2. Pearlash, one part; water, ten parts. Dissolve, filter and evaporate
to dryness.
Sugar from Potatoes.
Prepared from the washed pulp in the same manner as Starch Sugar.
Poudre Subtil, for removing superfluous Hair.
Powdered quicklime, two parts; sulphuret of arsenic, one part; starch,
one part. Mix in fine powder, and keep in a well-closed vessel.
Process recommended for the Cure of Cancer.
Ashes of red-oak bark boiled down to the consistence of molasses, and
cover the cancer with it. In about an hour afterwards, cover it with a
plaster of tar, which must be removed after a few days; and if any protuberance remain in the wound, apply more potash and the plaster again
until this shall disappear.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

293

Potent Mustard.
Powdered Cayenne pepper, one part; flour of mustard, 15 parts. Mix
Pure Potass Water.
Powdered fresh-burnt lime, 1 part; solution of pearlash (filtered), 2
parts; hot water, 10 parts. Mix and agitate well in a close vessel; when
cold, filter and reduce it to any required strength.
Imitation of Gold.
Take linseed oil, 3 ounces; tartar, 2 ounces; yolk of eggs, boiled hard
and beaten, 2 ounces; aloes,   ounce; saffron, 5 grains; turmeric, 2
grains. Boil all these together in an earthen vessel, and with it wash the
iron, and it will look like gold. If there be not linseed oil enough, you
may add more.
Thenard's and Blainville's Lithographic Ink.
Soap, one-fourth; mutton suet, one-half:; yellow wax, one part; mastic in tears, one-half, and as much lamp-black as necessary.
Black produced by the Mixture of Colourless Liquids.
One of the most interesting phenomena in the operations of chemistry
occurs in the decomposition of the sulphate of iron by the gallic acid. Into
a wine-glass, containing the infusion of galls, pour a solution of the sulphate of iron. The gallic acid, from its superior elective affinity to the
iron, detaches it from its former combination with the sulphuric acid, and
in a short time, these two fluids, previously colourless, become intensely
black. To make this black fluid into ink, nothing but a little gum is required to retard the precipitation of the feculm.
Preparation of Borax for the Blow-pipe.
Take one ounce of borax, coarsely powdered, put it into a clean crucible,
and cover it loosely. Put the whole into a furnace, and watch it till it
ceases to swell, then augment the heat, and when the whole fuses quietly,
take it out, and pour it into a wedgewood-ware or metallic mortar, and
when cold, reduce it to an impalpable powder, in which state it is to bo
used.
Method of cleaning Brass Ornaments.
Brass ornaments, that have not been gilt or lacquered, may be cleaned,
and a very brilliant colour given to them, by washing them with alum
boiled in strong ley, in the proportion of an ounce to a pint, and afterwards
rubbing them with strong tripoli.
Frost counteracted.
As the blossoms of fruit trees are more particularly affected by early
frosts, the following plan has been recommended to counteract the injurious
effects of the same:-A rope is to be interwoven among the branches of the
tree, and one end of it immersed in a pail of water. This rope it is said
will act as a conductor and convey the effects of the frost from the tree to
the water. Both hemp and straw have been recommended for this pur
pose.
265 *




ï~~294

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Acetous Ether in Deafness.
The vapour of acetous ether has been recently discovered by Kramer, a
German artist, to be a most effectual remedy for a species of this distressing
malady hitherto considered incurable. It has recently been employed by
Dr. Bolton, of Richmond, Va. with remarkable success.
Useful Effects of Iodine as a Medicine.
Dr Coindet has been employing iodine in the treatment of goitres and
scrofula with a success surpassing his most sanguine hopes. It is to be
introduced into the system by means of rubbing, in the same manner as
other mineral ointments. Out of twenty-two patients, who had all very
large goitres, half of them were completely cured in the space of from four
to six weeks, and the others in a greater or less degree.
Files and Rasps.
Files and other instruments for the abrasion of various substances may
be made by folding up separate pieces of wet clay in muslin, cambric, and
Irish linen, forcing them by the pressure of the hand into the interstices or
the threads, so that on divesting them of the covering, and having them
well baked, a file is produced of a new species, said to be capable of ope.
rating on steel; and very useful in cutting glass, polishing, and rasping
wood, ivory, and all sorts of metals.
Flame of Hydrogen rendered Luminous.
Dr. Hare, of Philadelphia, has rendered the flame of hydrogen luminous,
like that of oil, by adding a small quantity of oil of turpentine to the usual
mixture for generating that gas. The light seems greater than that of carburetted hydrogen. He also found that the addition of one-seventeenth of oil of
turpentine to alcohol gives this fluid the property of burning with a highly
luminous flame, and there is a certain point in the proportions when the
mixture burns without smoke, like a gas-light.
Preservation of Fruits by Carbonic Acid Gas.
Cherries, grapes, pears, apples and chestnuts, (and perhaps all other
fruits,) placed in glass vessels filled with this gas, obtained from carbonate
of lime by sulphuric acid, are said to be preserved without undergoing any
change for a long period. Cherries, at the end of six weeks, had the same
appearance as when preserved in brandy.
To remove Spots from Piece Goods.
Dampen them over with a sponge dipped into a weak solution of pearlash and water, (from one to two ounces to the gallon, according to the
strength or delicacy of the colour,) and immediately roll up the goods, so
that they may remain damp for two or three hours, (sometimes a whole
night is necessary;) then hang out to dry in the shade, never allowing the
sun to shine on them, or they will be spoiled.
To prevent Pumps and Water-pipes freezing in Winter.
Take up the valve or sucker, and let all the water out of the trunk o
pipe.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

295

For Hyd~trphobia.
Take of the Herba Angali Ruber, or red cheek weed, that has been
dried, one handful, pour two quarts of good beer on it, and boil it in a new
earthen pot; cover the pot with a clean, close lid until one-half the liquid
boils away; boil it over a slow fire; the vessel in which it is boiled must
oe kept very clean and used for no other purpose; when the herb is boiled
enough it must be strained through a clean cloth and squeezed so that all
the substance is taken out of it, then add to the decoction two drachms of
the best Therian Venetia or Venice Trioite; it must he well dissolved and
mixed with the above decoction. Of this preparation, give a man or child
the following proportions in the morning, fasting: A man of a strong constitution must take a pint, and that at one time, if possible. If there be any
symptoms of madness the medicine must be laken two or three mornings
in succession; but if actual symptoms of madness exist, a larger quantity
of herb should be used to the aforesaid quantity of beer. A woman should
take less than a man. For children it should be regulated according to
their age and constitution. It must be observed, that children can bear
more than grown persons in proportion to their age. Take the medicine
warm, and do not break the fast for 3 or 4 hours; drink no water, or serious consequences may arise. When madness actually exists, no delay
should be made, but the medicine given as soon as the fit is off, and should
the patient reject it it must be given in small proportions at intervals, and
until the person is relieved must abstain from the following: pork of all
kinds, cabbage of all sorts, peas, beans, fish or water-fowl. If the person
is bit through the skin the wound must be scratched until it bleeds, with a
chip, and washed with some of the decoction, should it be left. If the
wound requires dressi -_. any simple ointment mixed with the Therian
will answer. This must be done once or twice a day until the wound is
healed.
Ginger Lozenges.
Take eight pounds of loaf sugar in fine powder, and eight ounces of
the best ground ginger. Mix them into a paste with dissolved gum. If
gum tragacanth be preferred, the proportion is one pint of water to one
ounce of gum; when properly dissolved, it must be forcibly passed through
the interstices of a coarse towel or cloth. One ounce of this dissolved gum
is sufficient for four or five pounds of sugar;-or one ounce of dissolved
gum Arabic to twelve ounces of sugar. Essence may be used instead of
powdered ginger, colouring it with saffron. A stimulant and stomachic.
Ginger Drops.
Mix a sufficient quantity of the best powdered ginger to give it the desired taste, or flavour it with the essence of ginger, and colour it with saffron. Moisten with water, and form the drops upon moistened paper, or
tin  - copper plates, and place them in the stove, with moderate heat.
Indian Cure for the Heart-Ache.
Take a piece of the lean of mutton, about the size of a large walnut,
put it into the fire and burn it for some time, till it becomes almost reduced
to a cinder, then put it into a clean rag and squeeze it until some moisture
is expressed. whirh must be dropped in the ear as hot as the patienm can
bear.




ï~~'296

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Weak Sight.
Beat up a drachm of alum in the white of an egg, and smear the eyo.
brow and eye-lid every night with the mixture.
Locked Jaw
It is said that the application of warm ley, made of ashes as strong as
possible, to a wounded part, will prevent a lock jaw; if a foot or hand,
immersed in it; if another part of the body, bathed with flannels wrung
out from the warm ley.
An Incomparable Medicine for the Scurvy in the Teeth.
Take a quart of good white-wine vinegar, heat a piece of steel red-hot,
and quench it eight or ten times in the vinegar, as fast as you can heat it;
then add to this liquor an ounce of powdered myrrh, and half an ounce
of mastic, powdered; wash your teeth twice or thrice a day.
A very good way to Prevent the Nail growing into the Toe,
If the nail of your toe he hard, and apt to grow round, and into the
corners of your toe, take a piece of broken glass and scrape the top very
thin; do this whenever you cut your nails, and, by constant use, it makes
the corners fly up and grow flat, so that it is impossible they should give
you any pain.
To make the Hair grow Thick.
Take rosemary, maiden-hair, southern-wood, myrtle-berries, hazel-bark,
of each 2 ounces; burn these to ashes on a clean hearth, or in an oven;
put these ashes in white wine, to make a strong ley, and wash the hair
daily at the root; keep it cut pretty short. It kills the worm which is at
the root.
Compost-A Substitute for Soap-Boiler's Spent Ley.
Take of fine, dry, snuffy peat, 50 pounds; salt, I bushel; ashes, 1
bushel; water, 100 gallons. Mix the ashes and peat well together, sprinkling with water to moisten a little; let the heap lay for a week. Dissolve
the salt in the water, in a hogshead, and add to the brine the mixture of
peat and ashes, stirring well the while. Let it be stirred occasionally for
a week, and it will be fit for use. Apply as spent le., grounds and all.
Both ashes and salt may be doubled and trebled with,:Ivantage, if convenient. The mixture must be used before it begins to r itrefv; this occurs
in three weeks. It then evolves sulphuretted hydogen- gas, or the smell
of gas of rotten eggs; this arises from the decomposition of the sulphates
in the water and ashes, by the vegetable matter. A portion of geine is
thus deposited from the solution.
To make Blue Ink for Ruling.
Take 4 ounces of vitriol, best quality, to 1 ounce of indigo; pulverize
the indigo very fine; put the indigo on the vitriol, let them stand exposed
to the air for six days, or until dissolved; then fill the pot with chalk, add
half a gill of fresh gall, boiling it before use.
To make Black Ink for Ruling.
Take good black ink, and add gall as for blue; do not cork it, as it wiL
prevent it from turning black.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

297

To make Red Ink for Ruling.
One pound )f Brazil-wood to one gallon of the best vinegar; let the
vinegar simmer before you add the wood, then let them simmer together
for half an hour, then add three-quarters of a pound of alum to set the
colour; strain it through a woollen or cotton cloth, cork it tight in a stone
or glass bottle. For ruling, add half a gill of fresh gall to one quart of
red ink, then cork it up in a bottle for use.
Cultivation of the Grape.
The best soil for the vine is a light, dry loam, with a slight intermixture
of clay and calcareous matter, moderately rich, the ground inclining a little
to the south. This should be ploughed in the fall of the year, at least one
foot deep, and trench ploughing would be better, making one plough follow directly after another in the same furrow, turning up the ground if
possible 15 or 18 inches deep. The utility of this is, to give a light, deep
surface for the roots to strike into the earth, and thus draw the more nourishment from it, and be sufficiently low and out of the way of being cut
off, when the plough is run between the rows for after cultivation.
Planting and Culture.-Early in the spring, before vegetation commences, replough and harrow the land fine, strike off the rows 6 feet apart,
then take cuttings or roots, as they can be best obtained, and plant them 3
feet from each other in the rows. As the vines grow they will require
staking and tying up with the stalks of long, tough grass, or green, flexible
straw. The after cultivation is precisely like that of corn or any root crop,
it being necessary merely to plough out between the rows occasionally, and
keep the weeds down by hoeing the ground about the vines, where it may
be slightly elevated from the centre of the rows, in order to keep them from
standing water. Two vines only are left from each main stem of a different year's growth, the rationale of which may be thus simply defined. The
branch that grew for instance in the season of '40, bears in '41, and the
spring of '42 it is pruned off, and that season another grows in its place,
prepared to bear in '43, while that which grew in '41 bears in '42, and is
cut off in '43, and the one growing in '42, when the last gave fruit, will
bear in '43.
A well-cultivated field of grapes, in a reasonable favourable season, will
yield 100 bushels to the acre. One hundred bushels will produce 300 to
400 gallons wine, which is worth at least $1 per gallon, so that it will be
seen, that the cultivation of the grape and making wine is quite a profitable business.
To make Wine.-Gather the grapes when fully ripe, put them into a
common wash-tub, take a wooden pounder, precisely like that used by women when washing to pound out the clothes, and with light blows thoroughly mash the grapes. Then take them to a screw-press, made like
those used for pressing cider, but instead of laying up the pulp of the
grapes in straw, like apple-pumice, take pieces of joist 3 inches square, and:ut out mortices in each end, and lock them together as high as the pulp
is to be laid up, say about 3 feet. These make a firmn, s;lare box, that
will endure a very strong pressure from tne screw, which is qnite necessary
to squeeze out all the wine. Many put a double purchase on the lever of
the screw, to better effect this purpose. When the bruised grapes are laid




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

up, fit a plank top just large enough to lay inside the joist to bear down
the pulp, place blocks on this, and then commence pressing. Let the wine
run out into an open tub, and if it will bear an egg, that is, swim it on the
saue principles as the strength of ley is tried, commence filling the barrel,
but if not strong enough, add from 4 to 10 ounces of sugar per gallon till
it will bear the egg.
After being placed in barrels, if the weather be warm, the wine will
commence fermenting in a few hours, if cool, in a few days, and if cold,
not short of a week or fortnight; in fact, it is subject to pretty much the
same natural rule that cider is, and perhaps the better way of producing
fermentation, is to place the casks as soon as filled in a cellar, of a temperature of about 500 of Fahrenheit, and thus keep it till fermented and ready
to be bottled. If not removed to a cellar previous to fermentation, it should
be done as soon as this process is gone through with, and in the following
February or March, let it be racked off by tapping the barrel within three
inches or so of the bottom, and placing the wine thus drawn from it in
arnother barrel. This should be repeated every year as long as the wine
stands in casks, as it tends to purify and improve its quality. If the wine
be not clear when the process is attempted, beat up the whites of from 3
to 6 eggs for each barrel, and pour in and mix up well, and it will soon
settle and rack off clear. To still further improve the quality, add loaf or
brown sugar in small quantities of the wine.
Kinds of Grapes.-The Cape, or properly, the Schuylkill Muscadel, and
the Catawba, both natives of the United States, are considered the best
varieties for America, that have yet been tried. The latter is the hardiest
and best yielder, and makes a wine very much like the celebrated Rhenish.
The Muscadel makes a wine tasting something like a nlixture of Madeira and Claret. If one pound of sugar be added to each gallon, and it
has the advantage of standing 2 years in barrel, and 3 more in bottle, it
can hardly be distinguished from fair Madeira.
The Isabella, and many other varieties of grape are good for the table;
but the wine from them either proves too light-bodied to keep, or comes
out sour, crabbed, and rough.
Bronzing.
Bronze of a good quality acquires, by oxidation, a fine, green tint, called
patina antiqua. Corinthian brass receives, in this way, a beautiful clear,
green colour. This appearance is imitated by an artificial process, called
bronzing. A solution of sal ammoniac and salt of sorel in vinegar is used
for bronzing metals. Any number of layers may be applied, and the shade
becomes deeper in proportion to the number applied. For bronzing sculptures of wood, plaster-figures, &c., a composition of yellow ochre, Prus
sian blue, and lamp-black, dissolved in glue-water, is employed.
To take Mildew out of Linea.
Take soap and rub it well; then scrape some fine cihalk, and rub that
also in the linen; lay it on the grass; as it dries wet it a little, and it wil'
come out at twice.
Elastic Cement for Btlls.
Dissolve in good brandy, a sufficient quantity of isinglass, so as to be a
thick as molasses.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

299

Prometheans.
These useful articles consist of a fold of paper, having a solid red substance inclosed at one end, which inflames with a blow from or against any
nard body.
If you soak one of the prometheans in water, and then spread it open,
you will find its construction to be extremely simple. The paper is a
parallelogram of two inches by one in size, with a triangle cut off at one
corner to remove a projection which would otherwise be situate where the
red substance is put. This red substance is a mixture of chlorate of potash
and sugar, coloured by vermilion, and made into a mass with gum. If you
shake it in water, the vermilion precipitates, while the other substances
dissolve.
When you come to shake the red substance in water, you find that it is
not homogeneous; but that, though itself of no greater bulk than a barleycorn, it contains a vessel of glass of the size and shape of a canary seed,
excepting that it is round instead of being flat. This little vessel is closed
at both ends, and is easily seen to contain a liquid. If you crush it and
put the fragments into water, you will find, by applying a solution of
chloride of barium, that the liquid which is contained in it is no other than
sulphuric acid.
This is the whole secret of the promethean! When you knock the end
of it, you make the imprisoned sulphuric acid come into contact with the
mixture of sugar and chlorate of potash; the mixture then inflames, and
the inflammation is communicated to the paper.
Directions for making Prometheans. -Take equal parts of finelypounded chlorate of potash and loaf-sugar; add a small quantity of pulverized vermilion, and mix the whole intimately together; first in the dry
state, and afterwards with a solution of gum arabic, by which you make it
into a dough.
Caution.-The salts must be well pounded before they are mixed together, and after being mixed must be treated very gently. A mixture of
chlorate of potash with sugar is liable to explode if struck violently, or exposed to very rude handling. You should mix only a small quantity of
the compound at once.
To make the glass beads, hold a thin glass tube over the flame of a lamp,
and when the glass is soft, draw it out till it is about as thick as a knittingneedle, or rather until it forms a series of little ovals. Break these asunder
so as to leave each oval one-third of an inch long. Close one end by
holding it in the flame, then warm the oval by holding it in a pair of pincers
over the flame, and while it is hot, dip the open end into sulphuric acid, a
portion of which will then rise up into the oval. The open point can finally
be closed by being held in the flame, or by having the blowpipe flame
directed upon it. The most difficult part of the operation is the closing of
the last point, because the heat applied for that purpose is very apt, if
clumsily directed, to expel the sulphuric acid from the little vessel.
The paste and the glass beads being provided, you take a slip of paper
of the form above described; you spread a solution of gum arabic across
that end of the paper where the corner is cut off, and then roll it up into a
cylinder, leaving a hollow at tie gmrammed end. You then take a small




ï~~300

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

piece of the red mixture, put one of the glass beads in the middle of it,
and force the whole into the open end of the paper roll, in which place
you fix it by a gentle squeeze with the fingers. The promethean is then
finished. However, it requires to be well dried before it can be made to
inflame.
Puff Paste.
1. Flour, 5 pounds; butter, 4 pounds. Mix by rolling.
2. Take common dough, roll it out, then add a thin layer of butter,
double it and roll again, add more butter, and repeat the process of rolling,
&c., eleven or twelve times, or more.
Self-acting Nautical Pump.
Captain Leslie, of the George and Susan, in a voyage from North America to Stockholm, adopted an excellent mode of emptying water from his
ship's hold, when the crew were insufficient to perform that duty. About
ten or twelve feet above the pump he rigged out a spar, one end of which
projected overboard, while the other was fastened as a lever to the machinery
of the pump. To the end which projected overboard was suspended a
water-butt, half full, but corked down: so that when the coming wave
raised the butt-end, the other end depressed the piston of the pump; but at
the retiring of the wave, this was reversed, for, by the weight of the butt,
the piston came up again, and with it the water. Thus, without the aid
of the crew, the ship's hold was cleared of the water in a few hours.
A very useful hint may be taken from this plan; when a vessel has much
water, and there are not hands enough to work the pumps, one pump might
be arranged on this plan, and the other fully manned in the usual way.
Punch, on the Large Scale.
Water, 3 gallons; tartaric acid, 4 ounces, or to taste; sugar (lump), to
sweeten; brandy, 3 pints; rum, 3 pints; the peels of three lemons grated;
essence of lemon to flavour. Rub the essence with a little lump-sugar in a
mortar, adding a little of the spirit, then mix. A few drops of the essence
of bitter almonds improve this article.
Purgative Draught.
Rhubarb, 10 grains; jalap, 10 grains; tincture of ginger, 1 drachm;
water, 1 ounce. Mix.
Purl.
Wormwood, 10 pounds; gentian, 6 pounds; rind of oranges (dried), 2
pounds; ginger (bruised), J pound; cloves, 2 ounces; cardamons, 8 ounces;
water, 6 gallons. Boil, then digest for fourteen or fifteen days, and decant
into wine bottles. Add this to warm beer according to taste.
Purple Dye for Cottons.
Pass them through a dilute mordant of acetate of iron, and dye them in
a bath of madder and logwood.
Glazier's Putty.
Whiting, 70 pounds; boiled oil, 30 pounds; water, 2 gallons. Mix.
If to thin, add more whiting; if too thick, add more oil.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

301

Purple of Cassius.
1. A solution of gold in nitromuriatic acid, dilute it largely with water,
and precipitate the gold with pieces of metallic tin.
2. A dilute solution of gold, and add a dilute acidulated solution of muriate of tin, as long as any precipitate is produced.
3. (Very fine.)-Crystallized protochloride of tin, 1 part; crystallized
perchloride of tin, 2 parts; crystallized chloride of gold, 1 part. Dissolve
each separately; mix the first two solutions, then add the gold.
Purple Sealing-Wax.
Red wax, 2 parts; blue wax, 3 parts. Mix with heat.
Purple Sprinkle for Bookbinders.
Logwood chips, 4 parts; powdered alum, 1 part; soft water, 24 parts.
Boil until reduced to sixteen parts, and bottle for use.
2. Brazil dust (fine), and mix it with potash water for use.
Purple Tablets.
Magnesia, 2 pounds; sugar, 1 pound; gum powder, J pound. Mix
with water, strongly coloured with cochineal; or use a little purple lake.
Perfume with ottar of roses.
Pyro-acetic Spirit.
1. Take acetate of copper; powder, and subject to dry distillation in a
sand heat. Rectify the product from a little bone-black and chloride of
calcium.
2. Take acetate of lead, and proceed as before.
3. Take acetate of potass, and proceed as before.
4. Take acetate of lime, and proceed as before.
5. T'ake acetate of manganese; proceed as before.
6. Take acetate of zinc, as before.
7. Take peracetate of iron; as before.
Pyro-acetic spirit forms an excellent article for burning in lamps; it
gives a bright, white flame, without smoke. The preceding articles yield
the spirit in proportional quantities, as follows
No. 5. = 0.939.
6. = 0.695.
2. =  0.554.
7. = 0.241.
1. = 0.171.
Pyrophorus.
1. Burnt alum, 9 parts; charcoal powder, 4 parts. Mix, and put them
into a phial or matrass, with a neck about six inches long, and only three.
quarters fill it; put it into a crucible surrounded with sand, and apply heat,
until the whole becomes red-hot, in which state keep it for fifteen minutes,
until a sulphurous vapour begins to exhale, which may be allowed to en.
flame, but as soon as it ceases, the heat must be withdrawn, and the phial
closely stopped. When cold, transfer the mixture to a dry, warm, stoppered
phial.
2. Alum, 3 parts; wheat flour. I part. Treat as before..26




ï~~302

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Brewer's Quassia Colouring.
Take quassia, and roast it until it acquires the proper col3ur.
Queen's Metal.
1. Lead, 1 part, bismuth, 1 part; antimony, I part; tin, 9 parts. Mix.
2. Tin, 9 parts; bismuth, 1 part; lead, 2 parts; antimony, 1 part. Mix
by melting.
3. Tin, 1000 parts; regulus of antimony, 80 parts; bismuth, 10 parts;
copper, 40 parts. Melt the copper, then expertly add the rest and mix well
together.
Oxide of Quicksilver.
Quicksilver, 1 part; nitric acid, 1 part; water, 6 parts. Dissolve and
precipitate the oxide, with the solution of an alkali.
Purified Quicksilver.
Quicksilver, iron filings, equal parts. Distil in an iron retort, into a
vessel containing water.
German Method to Prepare Quills.
Suspend the quills in a copper over water, sufficiently high to touch the
nibs; then close it steam-tight, and apply four hours' hard boiling; next
withdraw and dry them, and in twenty-four hours cut the nibs and draw
out the pith; lastly, rub them with a piece of cloth and expose them to a
moderate heat. The quills prepared in this way are as hard as bone, without being brittle, and as transparent as glass.
Quince Marmalade.
Take quinces that are quite ripe, pare and cut them in quarters, take
out the cores, put them into a stew-pan with nearly enough spring-water
to cover them, keep them closely covered, and let them stew gently till
they are quite soft and red, then mash and rub them through a hair sieve.
Put them in a pan over a gentle fire, with as much thick clarified sugar as
the weight of the quinces; boil them an hour and stir the whole time with
a wooden spoon to prevent its sticking: put it into pots, and when cold
tie them down.
Quince Wine.
Quinces (sliced), 12 in number; boil for a quarter of an hour, in water,
1 gallon; then add lump-sugar, 2 pounds. Ferment, and add lemon wine,
1 gallon; spirit, 1 pint.
Quinine Mixture.
Take sulphate of quinine thirteen grains, powdered gum arabic ont,
drachm, loaf-sugar half an ounce, water six ounces, essence of peppermint
live drops. Shake the bottle well each time it is poured (out. The dose is
a table-spoonful every hour.
Raisin Spirit.
Chopped raisins, I part; water a sufficient quantity. Mash, ferment
and distil with a quick fire. Used to flavour plain spirit in imitation of
brandy, in the proportion of i  to T.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

303

Quin's Sauce.
1. Walnut catsup, 2 gallons; mushroom catsup, 2 gallons; soy, 1 gallon; garlic, 1 pound; cayenne, J pound; sprats, 6 pounds. Boil for fifteen
minutes; strain and bottle.
2. White vinegar, 1 gallon; soy, 1 pint; mushroom catsup, J pint;
walnut catsup,. pint; allspice, 8 ounces; cayenne, I ounce  Mix, and
boil or maccrate, then strain and bottle.
3. Green walnut-juice, 1 part; anchovies, 1 part; vinegar, 1 part;
cloves, mace, pimento, and shallots, of each 1 drachm to every pound of
juice. Boil and strain.
Radley's Mixed Oils.
Oil of vitriol, - pound; oil of turpentine, 4 pounds; oil of linseed, 4
pounds; Barbadoes gar, - pound. Mix, and when cold L.dd oil of origa.
num, 1 ounce.
Rag Sugar.
Prepared from rags by the action of sulphuric acid, by a similar process
to that for making starch sugar.
Raisin Tea.
Stoned raisins, I pound; water, 5 quarts. Boil to one gallon and strain.
Raisin Vinegar.
After making raisin wine, lay the pressed raisins in a heap to heat, then
to each cwt. put ten gallons of water, and a little yeast.
Raisin Wine.
1. Raisins, 5 cwt.; water, 100 gallons. Put them into a cask. Mash
for a fortnight, frequently stirring, and leave the bung loose until the active
fermentation ceases, then add brandy, 5 gallons. Well mix, and let it
stand till fine. The quantity of raisins and brandy may be altered to suit
the intended quality of the wine.
2. Sweet cider, 120 gallons; raisins, 3 cwt. or less. Mix and ferment,
then add silent spirit, 9 gallons, or less; finings, 2 quarts; white tartar, 12
ounces. Bung close until fine, then bottle.
To Purify Rape Oil.
I. Rape oil, 100 gallons; strong oil of vitriol, 2 gallons. Put them into
a cask and agitate for one hour, decant the clear oil in three days, and then
divide the oil into two portions and put each into separate casks, add forty
or fifty gallons of hot water to each, and agitate for one hour more; in three
lays or more, decant the clear for use.
2. Rape oil, 50 gallons; hot water, 50 gallons. Put them into a wellseasoned cask and bung tight, then roll it about for two hours; in two or
three days, decant the oil, when if not pure enough, repeat the process
The water dissolves the mucilage mixed with the oil.
Raspberry Vinegar.
Red raspberries, 9 pints; vinegar, 1 gallon. Macerate, then strain with
expression, and add sugar, 4 or 5 pounds; brandy, I pint.




ï~~804

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Raspberry Brandy.
The sime as cherry brandy with the difference of the fruit.
Raspberry Water.
Raspberries, 1 cwt.; water, 28 gallons. Distil over twenty-three gallons
Raspberry Wine.
Fruit (bruised), 25 gallons; cider, 10 gallons; water, 15 gallons; sugar,
50 pounds. Ferment, then add red tartar (dissolved), J pound; spirit, 2
to 4 gallons; orange-peel (dry), 1 ounce; lemon-peel (dry), 1 ounce;
bitter almonds, A ounce; cloves,   ounce; orris root, 1 ounce.
Dr. Ratcliff e's Cough Mixture.
Syrup of squills, 1 ounce; tincture of paregoric, 1 ounce; syrup of
poppies, 1 ounce. Dose, one teaspoonful.
Ratifla d la Violette.
Orris root (powdered), 1 ounce; archil, 4 ounces; spirit, 2 gallons.
Digest, then add sugar, 7 pounds; dissolved in water, 4 pints. Mix and
filter.
Ratifia d'Angelique.
Angelica seeds, 1 ounce; angelica stalks, 4 ounces; blanched bitter
almonds, 8 or 10 ounces; proof-spirit, 10 gallons; sugar, 1j pound to
every gallon. Digest for fourteen days, then filter.
Ratifia de Brou de Noix.
Young walnuts (bruised), 60 in number; brandy or spirit, 4 pints
Macerate, then add sugar, 14 ounces; dissolved in water, 1 pint. Add mace
(bruised), 15 grains; cassia (bruised), 15 grains; cloves (bruised), 15
grains. Macerate for one month, and strain.
Ratifia de Cassis.
Black currants (ripe and bruised), 12 pounds; cloves (bruised), I
drachm; cinnamon (bruised), 2 drachms; sugar, 5 pounds; water, 4
gallons. Macerate for a fortnight, and strain. Add a little spirit.
Ratifia de Grenoble.
Black cherries (kernels bruised), 25 pounds; proof-spirit, 12 gallons;
orange-peel, - ounce or more; lemon-peel,   ounce or more; citron-peel, *
ounce or more. Digest for a month, then add sugar, 26 pounds; dissolved
in water, 1 gallon. Mix and strain.
Ratifia de Chocolat.
Caracca cocoa-nuts (roasted and bruised), 10 pounds; West India cocoanuts (roasted and bruised), 5 pounds; tincture of vanilla, 1 ounce; proof
spirit, 10 gallons. Digest for fourteen days, and strain, then add sugar, 20
pounds; dissolved in water, 3 gallons. Well mix and filter.
Ratifia de Caft.
Ground and roasted coffee, 1 pound; sugar, 1j pound; proof-spirit, '
gallon; water, 2 quarts. Dige t for a week, and strain.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

305

Rice Bread.
Take one pourd of rice, and boil it gently to a thick paste, which, when
mixed with the usual quantity of yeast, will be sufficient to make five
pounds of wheat or barley meal into a dough. When risen, bake it in the
u:ual way.
Sweet Apple Pudding.
Take one pint of scalding milk, half a pint of Indian meal, a tea-spoonful of salt, and six sweet apples cut into small pieces, and bake not less
than three hours; the apples will afford an excellent rich jelly. This is
truly one of the most luxurious yet simple Yankee puddings made.
Watery Potatoes.
We every day hear complaints about watery potatoes. Put into the pot
a piece of lime as large as a hen's egg; and how watery soever the potatoes may have been, when the water is poured off, the potatoes will be perfectly dry and mealy.
Chickens.
A disease called the gapes, so destructive among chickens, may be prevented, and if not too far advanced cured, by a slight mixture of assafaetida
in their food. Four ounces, costing six cents per ounce, dissolved in water
and mixed once a day in food, is enough for four hundred chickens.
Cure for Cancer.
Take the narrow-leaved dock-root, boil it in soft water, and wash the
ulcer with the strong decoction as warm as it can be borne; fill the cavity
with the liquor for two minutes; then scrape the hulk of the root, bruise
it fine, put it on gauze, and lay it over every part of the ulcer; dip a linen
cloth in the decoction, and put it over the gauze. Repeat this three times
in twenty-four hours, and at each time let the patient take a wine-glass of
the tea made of the root with one-third of a glass of port wine sweetened
with honey.
Cure for Colds.
Take a large tea-spoonful of flaxseed, with two pennyworth of extract of
liquorice, and a quarter of a pound of sun raisins. Put it into two quarts
of soft water, and let it simmer over a slow fire till it is reduced to one;
then add to it a quarter of a pound of brown sugar candy, pounded, a tablespoonful of white wine vinegar, or lemon-juice. Note. The vinegar is best
to be added only to that quantity you are going immediately to take; for
if it be put into the whole, it is liable in a little time to grow flat.-Drink
a half pint on going to bed, and take a little when the cough is troublesome.
This recipe generally cures the worst of colds in two or three days, and,
if taken in time, may be said to be almost an infallible remedy. It is a
sovereign balsamic cordial for the lungs, without the opening qualities
which engender fresh colds on going out. It has been known to cure
colds, that have almost been settled into consumptions, in less than three
weeks.
26




ï~~306

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Hoarseness.
One drachm of freshly-scraped horseradish root, to be infused with f'oul
ounces of water in a close vessel for two hours, and made into a syrup witL
double its weight in vinegar, is an approved remedy for hoarseness; a teaspoonful has often proved effectual; a few tea-spoonfuls, it is said, have
never been known to fail in removing hoarseness.
Consumption.
The following is said to be an effectual remedy, and will in time com.
pletely eradicate the disorder. Live temperately-avoid spirituous liquors
-wear flannel next the skin-and take, every morning, half a pint of new
milk, mixed with a wine-glassful of the expressed juice of green hoarhound,
One who has tried it says-" Four weeks' use of the hoarhound and milk
relieved the pains of my breast, gave me to breathe deep, long, and free,
strengthened and harmonized my voice, and restored me to a better state of
health than I had enjoyed for years."
Inflammations.
Chlorate of soda is an immediate and effectual cure for the sting of bees,
mosquitoes, &c.; for burns, (where the skin is not broken,) ringworms,
and other like inflammations.
Ringworms.
After I had the tetter nearly twenty years on my hand, and had used
dollars' worth of celebrated tetter ointment, which took off the skin repeatedly without effecting a cure, a friend advised me to obtain some blood-root,
(called also red-root, Indian paint, &c.) to slice it in vinegar, and afterwards wash the place affected with the liquid. I dlid so, and in a few days
the dry scurf was removed, and my diseased hand was as whole as the
other.
Asthma.
Make a strong solution of saltpetre. Dip clean paper in the solution
until it is well saturated. Dry the paper in the sun or by a slow fire. Cut
the paler thus dried into strips, and burn them in a vessel, so that the
asthmatic may breathe in, or inhale, as much of the smoke as possible.
Make cigars of the paper, if you choose, and smoke them. This is the
most agreeable method of application.
Sago Bread.
This light and nutritious article for invalids is made in the following
manner:-Two pounds of sago, to be well soaked in water, or milk, several hours; mix it with as much flour; add sal-eratus and good yeast, (a
little Indian meal, if liked;) when well raised, give it a handsome bake.
It is delicious, healthy, and cheap.
Flies.
The butchers of Geneva have, from time immemorial, prevented flies
from approaching the meat which they expose for sale, by the use of laurel
oil. This oil, the smell of which, although a little strong, is not very offensive, drives away flies; and they dare not come near the walls or the
wainscots which have been rubbed with it.




ï~~FR&CTICAL RECEIPTS.

307

Mortar.
Much of the mortar used in building is said to be imperfectly made
Four parts coarse and three parts fine sand, with one part of quick-lime,
well mixed with but little water, makes mortar which soon becomes as
hard as adamant; resisting all atmospheric action as durably as the material it unites; and with addition of a portion of manganese, it will harden
under water.
Tar for Sheep.
A gentieman, who keeps a large flock of sheep, says that during the season of grazing he gives his sheep tar, at the rate of a gill a day for every
twenty sheep. He puts the tar in a trough, sprinkles a little fine salt over
it, and the sheep consume it with eagerness. This preserves them from
worms in the head, promotes their general health, and is thought to be a
specific against the rot.
To prevent Horses being teased by Flies.
Take two or three small handfuls of walnut leaves, upon which pour
two or three quarts of cold water; let it infuse one night, and pour the
whole, next morning, into a kettle, and let it boil for a quarter of an hour;
when cold, it will be fit for use. No more is required than to moisten a
sponge, and, before the horse goes out of the stable, let those parts which
are most irritable be smeared over with the liquor, viz. between and upon
the ears, the neck, the flank, &c. Not only the lady or gentleman who
rides out for pleasure, will derive benefit from this preparation, but the
coachman, the wagoner, and all others who use horses during the hot
months.
Liniment for the galled Backs of Horses.
White-lead moistened with milk. When milk is not to be procured, oil
may be substituted. One or two ounces sufficed for a whole party for more
than a month.
Bots in Horses.
The stage-drivers on the routes leading from lbany to the western
parts of the state of New York, in giving water to their horses on the road,
mix a little wood ashes with their drink, which, they say, effectually preserves them against the bots.
Fattening Turkeys.
Experiments have been successfully tried of shutting up turkeys in a
small apartment made perfectly dark. They were fattened, it is said, in
one quarter of the usual time. The reason assigned is, that they are thu.
kept still, and have nothing to attract their attention.'
To take Paint out of a Dress.
When fresh, (having wiped off as much as you can,) make repeated applications of spirits of turpentine or spirits of wine, rubbed on with a soft
rag or flannel. Ether also will answer, if applied immediately. When the
paint has been allowed to harden, nothing will remove it but spirits of turpentine, rubbed on with perseverance.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.
Blasting Rocks.
Saw-dust of soft wood, mixed with gunpowder in equal parts, is said to
have thrice the strength of gunpowder alone, when used in blasting.
Cure for Founder.
The seeds of sunflower are the best remedy known for the cure of founder in horses. Immediately on discovering that your horse is foundered,
mix about a pint of the whole seed in his feed, and it will give a perfect
cure.
Boil your Molasses..
When molasses is used in cooking, it is a very great improvement to boil
and skim it before you use it. It takes out the unpleasant raw taste, and
makes it almost as good as sugar. Where molasses is used much for cook
ing, it is well to prepare one or two gallons in this way at a time.
Wounds of Cattle.
The most aggrieved wounds of domestic animals are easily cured with a
portion of the yolk of eggs mixed in spirit of turpentine. The part affected
must be bathed several times with the mixture, and a perfect cure will be
effected in forty-eight hours.
To remove Tar, Pitch, or Turpentine.
Scrape off as much as you can; then wet the place thoroughly with
good salad oil, and let it remain for twenty-four hours. If linen or cotton,
wash it out in strong warm soap-suds; if woollen or silk, take out the oil
with ether or spirits of wine.
If the stain is of tar, you may remove it (after scraping and wiping,) by
using cold tallow instead of sweet oil. Rub and press well on the spot a
small lump of good tallow, and leave it sticking there till next day. Then
proceed as above.
To preserve Green Corn, 4'c.
Take green corn, either on the ear, or carefully shelled, peas and beans
in pods, dip them in boiling water, and then carefully dry them in a room
where there is a free circulation of air. Thus preserved, they will keep
until winter, and retain all their freshness and agreeable flavour.
Compound Cathartic Pills.
Compound extract of colocynth, in powder, half an ounce; extract of
jalap, in powder, mild chloride of mercury, each, 3 drachms; gamboge, in
powder, 2 scruples. Mix; then form into a mass with water, and divide
into one hundred and eighty pills.
To wash Bobbinet or Cotton Lace.
Rip off the lace, and roll it round a bottle smoothly covered with white
linen or muslin. Then fill the bottle with water, cork it tightly, and sus
pend it in a kettle of cold soap-suds, made with Castile soap. Boil moderately, until the lace looks perfectly white, which will be in about half an
hour. Then drain off the suds, and set the bottle in the sun till the lace dries
on t.




ï~~PRACTICAL  RECEIPTS.

89

Assafeetida Pills.
Take assafcetida, 14 ounce; soap, 4 ounce. Beat them with water int"
a mass, and divide into two hundred and forty pills.
To wash Thread Lace.
Rip off the lace, carefully pick out the loose bits of thread, and roll the
lace very smoothly and securely round a clean black bottle, previously co
vered with old white linen, sewed tightly on. Tack each end of the lace
with a needle and thread, to keep it smooth; and be careful in wrapping
not to crumple or fold in any of the scollops or pearlings. After it is on the
bottle, take some of the best sweet oil, and with a clean sponge wet the
lace thoroughly to the inmost folds.
Have ready in a wash-kettle, a strong cold lather of clear water and
white Castile soap. Fill the bottle with cold water, to prevent its bursting, cork it well, and stand it upright in the suds, with a string round the
neck secured to the ears or handle of the kettle, to prevent its knocking
about and breaking while over the fire. Let it boil in the suds for an hour
or more, till the lace is clean and white all through. Drain off the suds,
and dry it on the bottle in the sun. When dry, remove the lace from the
bottle and roll it round a wide ribbon-block; or lay it in long folds, place
it within a sheet of smooth white paper, and press it in a large book for a
few days.
To cure the Swelling of the Throat in Hogs.
Take half a pint of molasses and a table-spoonful of hog's lard: to these
add a piece of brimstone an inch in length; melt it over the fire, and when
cold, or in a liquid state, drench the hog with it, and nine times out of ten
it will be found to have the desired effect.
Cure for Summer Complaint.
Six drops of laudanum to half a tumbler full of rice-water; half a tumbler of the mixture to be taken every three or four hours. This simple remedy may be given to infants, children, or at any period of life, and has
never failed to give immediate relief; and, if persevered in for a few days.
it invariably effects a cure, however violent the disorder.
Cure for Inflamed Eyes.
Pour boiling water on elder-flowers, and steep them like tea; when cold,
put three or four drops of laudanum into a small glass of the elder-tea, and
let the mixture run into the eyes three or four times a day. The eyes will
become perfectly strong in the course of a week.
-            Copaiba Pills.
Copaiba, 2 ounces; magnesia, recently prepared, 1 drachm. Mix, and
set the mixture aside until it concretes into a pilular mass, which is to be
divided into two hundred pills.
The Gravel.
Boil heavy red onions down with sugar, and make a thick syrup of it It
drink as much of it as you please daily. It is said to cure the gravel and
stone.




ï~~810

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Pills or Carbonate of Iron.
Sulphate of iron, 4 ounces; carbonate of soda, 5 ounces; clarified honey, 21 ounces; syrup and boiling water, each, a sufficient quantity. Dissolve the sulphate of iron and carbonate of soda, each, in a pint of water,
and to each solution add a fluidounce of syrup; then mix the two solutions
in a bottle just large enough to contain them, close it accurately with a
stopper, and set it by that the carbonate of iron may subside. Pour off the
supernatant liquid; and, having washed the precipitate with warm water,
sweetened with syrup in the proportion of a fluidounce of the latter to a
pint of the former, until the washings no longer have a saline taste, place it
upon a flannel cloth, and express as much of the water as possible; then
immediately mix it with the honey. Lastly, heat the mixture, by means
of a water-bath, until it attains a pilular consistence.
To wash Lace.
Take a square black bottle, and sew all over it a piece of thick linen or
cotton rag. Wind the lace smoothly round the bottle, securing the ends,
and taking care that no part of the edge is crumpled or turned inward.
Sew another piece of rag all over the outside, so as entirely to cover the
lace. Make a strong lather of white soap with cold clear soft water, (if
filtered, the better,) and put it into a large stone jar or crock, standing the
bottle upright in the suds. Put the crock on a stove or furnace, and boil
an hour or more. Take out the bottle, wash the crock, and fill it with clear
cold water in which you have mixed a table-spoonful of starch. Replace
the bottle, and let it again come to a boil. When you take out the bottle,
remove the upper covering, and dry the lace in the sun, on the under linen.
Take it off the bottle, and smooth it over with a cool iron, carefully pressing out each scollop of the edge.
Compound Pills of Iron.
Powdered myrrh, 2 drachms; carbonate of soda, sulphate of iron, each,
1 drachm; syrup to mix. Rub the myrrh with the carbonate of soda;
then add the sulphate of iron. and again rub them; lastly, beat them with
the syrup into a mass, and divide into eighty pills.
To cure Corns.
Scrape the corn so as to nearly cause it to bleed; apply a salve coin.
posed of calomel and lard; renew the application three or four times a
week; keep the feet clean, and wear loose shoes.
Remedy for Fever and Ague.
Take one ounce of yellow Peruvian bark, a quarter of an ounce of cream
tartarf. one table-spoonful of powdered cloves, and one pint of Teneriffe
wine; mix together and shake it well. Take a wine-glassful every two
hours after the fever is off.
Before taking the above, a dose of Epsom salts, or other medicine, should
be administered, to cleanse the stomach, and render the cure more s[peedy
and certain.
Itching Feet, or Chilblains,
May be relieved by rubbing them with a mixture of seven parts water
and one part muriatic acid, for a few nights, before going to bed.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

311

French Polish for Boots, Shoes, and Harness.
Take two pints of the best vinegar and one pint of soft water; stir into
the mixture a quarter of a pound of glue broken fine, half a pound of logwood chips, a quarter of an ounce of finely-powdered indigo, a quarter of
an ounce of the best soft soap, arid a quarter of an ounce of isinglass. Bil
far ten minutes or longer; then strain the liquid, bottle, and cork. When
cold, it is fit for use.
Remove the dirt from the boots, &c. with a sponge and water. Then
lay on the polish with a clean sponge. Should it prove too thick, hold it
near the fire to warm a little, and the heat will liquefy it sufficiently.
Blacking to preserve Leather.
Take spermaceti oil, 4 ounces; molasses, 12 ounces; mix. Add by
degrees 12 ounces of ivory black, mixing it in smoothly, and rubbing it
well, so as to leave no lumps; then add gradually a quart of the best white
wine vinegar. If too thick, add more vinegar; stir it hard, and let it stand
in the jar three days, stirring frequently with a round stick. Bottle it for
use. If still too thick, even when warmed at the fire, dilute with a little
more vinegar.
Sting of the Bee.
Common whiting proves an effectual remedy against the effects of the
sting of a bee or wasp. The whiting is to be moistened with cold water,
and applied immediately. It may be washed off in a few minutes, when
neither pain nor swelling will ensue.
Mercurial Pills.
Mercury, 1 ounce; confection of roses, 1 I ounce; powdered liquoriceroot, J ounce. Rub the mercury with the confection till all the globules
disappear; then add the liquorice-root, and beat the whole into a mass.
Divide into four hundred and eighty pills.
Dover's Powder.
Ipecacuanha, opium, each, in powder, 1 drachm; sulphate of potassa, I
ounce. Rub them together into a very fine powder.
Preserved Pumpkin.
Stew your pumpkin as usual for pies, spread it thinly upon large open
tins or platters, and place them over or under your stove; where, if kept
four or five days, it will become dry enough to keep in bags or boxes
throughout.ne year. Pumpkin, preserved in this way, is far superior to
that preserved in the old method of drying, making much richer and better flavoured pies, besides requiring much less labour.
Cure for Cancer.
Mr. Thomas Tyrrell, of Missouri, says he has effectually cured himself
of an obstinate cancer, " by the free use of potash, made from the ashes of
red-oak, boiled to the consistence of molasses, used as a poultice, covering
the whole with a coat of tar. Two or three applications will remove all
protuberances, after which it is only necessary to heal the wound with
common salve.




ï~~312

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

To drive Bugs from Vines.
The ravage of the yellow-striped bug on cucumbers and melons may oe
effectually prevented by sifting charcoal dust over the plants; if repeated
three or four times, the plants will be entirely freed from annoyance. There
ts in charcoal some property so noxious to these troublesome insects, that
they fly from it the instant it is applied.
To clean White Leather Gloves.
White leather gloves may be cleaned to look very well, by putting on
one at a time, and going over them thoroughly with a shaving-brush and
lather. Then wipe them off with a clean handkerchief or sponge, and dry
them on the hands by the fire or in the sun.
To renovate Coats.
Take one gallon of a strong decoction of logwood, made by boiling logwood chips in water. Strain this liquid, and when cool add two ounces of
gum arabic in powder. Keep it in well-stopped bottles for use. After the
coat has been cleaned of grease and dirt, go evenly over it with a sponge
wet in the above liquid diluted to suit the colour, and hang it in the shade
to dry. After which brush the nap smooth, and it will look quite new. The
liquid will suit all brown or dark colours, with proper dilution.
Hive Syrup.
Squill and seneka, bruised, each, 4 ounces; tartrate of antimony and
potassa, 48 grains; water, 4 pints; sugar, 3' pounds. Pour the water on
the squill and seneka, and boil to one half. Strain and add the sugar; then
evaporate to three pints, and, while the syrup is still hot, dissolve in it the
tartrate of antimony and potassa.
To clean White Kid Gloves.
Stretch them on a board, and rub the soiled spots with cream of tartar
or magnesia. Let them rest an hour. Take a mixture of alum and fuller's
earth, it, powder, and rub it all over the gloves with a clean brush, and let
them rest for an hour or two. Then sweep it all off, and go over with a
flannel dipped in a mixture of bran and finely-powdered whiting. Let them
rest another hour; brush off the powder, and you will find them clean.
Ointment of Iodine.
Iodine, 20 grains; alcohol, 20 minims; lard, 1 ounce. Rub the iodine
first with the alcohol, and then with the lard, until they are thoroughly
mixed.
Bearing of Apple-Trees.
A horticulturist in Bohemia has a beautiful plantation of the best sort.f apple-trees, which have neither sprung from seeds nor grafting. His
plan is to take shoots from the choicest sorts, insert them in a potato, and
plunge them into the ground, leaving but an inch or two of the shoot above
the surface. The potato nourishes the shoot whilst it pushes out roots, and
the shoot gradually springs up and becomes a beautiful tree, bearing the
best of fruit, without requiring to be grafted.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

313

A Cement for Broken Earthenware.
Take 1 ounce of dry cream cheese, grated fine, and an equal quanutity of
quicklime, mixed well together, with 3 ounces of skimmed milk, to form
a good cement, when the rendering of the joint visible is of no conse
quence. If mixed without the milk, it perhaps might be stronger still.
Of Japan Grounds.
Red.-Vermillion makes a fine scarlet, but its appearance in japanned
work is much improved by glazing it with a thin coat of lake, or even rose
pink.
Yellow.-King's yellow, turbith mineral, and Dutch pink, all form very
bright yellows, and the latter is very cheap. Seed-lac varnish assimilates
with yellow very well; and when they are required very bright, an improvement may be effected by infusing turmeric in the varnish which
covers the ground.
Green.-Distilled verdigris laid on a ground of leaf-gold, produces the
brightest of all greens; other greens may be formed by mixing King's yellow and bright Prussian blue, or turbith mineral and Prussian blue, or
Dutch pink and verdigris.
Blue.-Prussian blue, or verditer glazed with Prussian blue or smalt.
White.-White grounds are obtained with greater difficulty than any
other. One of the best is prepared by grinding up flock-white, or zincwhite, with one-sixth of its weight of starch, and drying it; it is then
tempered, like the other colours, using the mastic varnish for common uses;
and that of the best copal for the finest. Particular care should be taken
that the copal for this-use be made of the clearest and whitest pieces. Seedlac may be used as the uppermost coat, where a very delicate white is not
required, taking care to use such as is least coloured.
Black.-Ivory-black or lamp-black; but if the lamp-black be used, it
should be previously calcined in a closed crucible. Black grounds may be
formed on metal, by drying linseed oil only, when mixed with a little lampblack. The work is then exposed in a stove to a heat which will render
the oil black. The heat should be low at first, and increased very gradually, or it will blister. This kind of japan requires no polishing. It is
extensively used for defending articles of iron-mongery from rust.
Tortoise-Shell Ground for Metal.
Cover the plates intended to represent the transparent parts of the tor-,
toise-shell with a thin coat of vermilion in seed-lac varnish. Then brush
over the whole with a varnish composed of linseed oil boiled with umber
until it is almost black. The varnish may be thinned with oil of turpentine before it is ised. When the work is done it may be set in an oven,
with the same p ecautions as the black varnish last named.
The many, rr of Soldering Ferrules for Tool-Handles, 4-c.
Take your fer ule, lap round the joining a small piece of brass-wire,
then just wet the ferrule, scatter on the joining-ground, borax, put it on
the end of a wire, hold it in the fire till the brass fuses. It will fill up the
joining, and form a perfect solder. It may afterwards be turned in the
'athe.




ï~~814

PRACTICAL RECEiPTS.

Varnish for Harness.
Take half a pound of Indian rubber, one gallon of spirits of turpentine,
dissolve enough to make it into a jelly by keeping almost new milk warm;
then take equal quantities of good linseed oil (in a hot state) and the above
mixture, incorporate them well on a slow fire, and it is fit for use.
A Varnish for fastening the Leather on Top Rollers in Factories.
Dissolve 24 ounces of gum arabic in water, and add so much isinglass
dissolved in brandy, and it is fit for use.
To make White-Wash that will not rub of
Mix up half a pail full of lime and water, ready to put on the wall;
then take a quarter of a pint of flour, mix it up with water, then pour on
it boiling water a sufficient quantity to thicken it; then pour it, while hot,
into the white-wash; stir all well together, and it is ready.
To Dye Pink on Silk.
After aluming, handle the goods to be dyed in peach-wood liquor till the
colour desired; then take out and put in a little alum liquor, handle the
goods a little longer, take out, rinse in water, and finish. In most cases,
where the shade is not dark enough, the operation must be repeated.
To Dye Brown on Silk.
Alum your silk; then take one part of fustic liquor, and three parts of
peach-wood liquor; handle in these till it becomes a good brown; (a little
logwood liquor will darken your shade, if required,) hedge out, and put in
a little alum water; again put in your goods, handle a little longer, then
take out, drain, rinse well, and finish. By varying the peach-wood and
fustic, various shades may be obtained.
Flaxseed Tea-Diet for the Sick.
Take of flaxseed. 1 ounce; white sugar, 1   ounces; lemon-juice, 2
table-spoonfuls; boiling water, 2 pints. Infuse them in a pitcher some
hours, and then strain off the liquor. An ounce of liqr orice, shaved, may
sometimes be used instead of sugar.
Camomile Tea.
Take of camomile flowers, 1 handful; boiling water, 1 gallon. Let
them remain covered about half an hour, then strain off the tea. If this
tea is drunk to strengthen the somach, it should be made stronger, say
about 4 ounce to a pint.
Lemonade.
Take of the outer rind of fresh lemon-peel, about 1 drachm; lemonjuice, 1 ounce; double-refined sugar, 2 ounces; boiling water, 1J pints
Let them stand in a vessel about ten minutes, then strain off the liquor.
Orangeade.
Take of the fresh outer rind of Seville orange, 1 drachm; orange juice,
2 or 3 table-spoonfuls; white sugar, 1 or 2 ounces, or enough to make it
of an agreeable sweetness; boiling water, 1 quart. Let them stand in a
pitcher about ten minutes, then strain off the liquor.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIP[ 8.S

81b

Barley Water.
Take a handful of either pearl barley, or the common sort, wash it clean,
first in cold and afterwards in boiling water, then simmer it in a quart of
water for an hour; when half done, put into it a bit of fresh lemon-peel
and a little sugar. Rice-water may be prepared as above.
Pectoral Drink.
Take of common barley and stoned raisins, each 2 ounces; liquoriceroot, J ounce; water, 2 quarts. Boil the water first with the barley, then
add the raisins, and afterwards, near the latter end of the boiling, the
liquorice. The decoction then will be fully completed, when one quart
only will be left after straining.
Sago Jelly.
Take of sago, washed well, one large spoonful, and water nearly a pint.
Boil them gently, stirring often, till the mixture is smooth and thick; then
add two spoonfuls of wine, a little nutmeg, and sweeten it to the taste. A
piece of lemon-peel added to it when boiling, gives it a pleasant taste and
flavour, and with some patients it agrees better when boiled in milk, for
debility.
Calves'-Feet Jelly.
Boil 2 calves'-feet in one gallon of water till it comes to a quart, then
strain it, and when it is cold, skim the fat entirely off, and take the jelly
up clean; if there be any settling at the bottom, leave it. Put the jelly
into a saucepan, with a pint of mountain wine, half a pound of loaf-sugar,
the juice of four large lemons, and the white of six eggs, beat up the
whisk; mix all well together, set the saucepan upon a clear fire, and stir
the jelly till it boils. When it has boiled a few minutes, pour it through
a flannel bag till it runs clear. Then have in readiness a large china baein, with some lemon-peel in it, cut as thin as possible, let the clear jelly
run upon them while warm, and from these it will acquire both. an amber colour, and an agreeable flavour. Afterwards it may be poured into
glasses.
Water Gruel.
1. Take of the coarse part of ctrn meal or grist, two hands full; water,
3 quarts; boil it till only 2 quarts remain, then strain off the liquor, and
season it to the palate with salt, sugar and nutmeg, to which may be added a spoonful or two of wine.
2. Take of oatmeal, 2 large spoonfuls; water, 1 quart. Mix them well.
and boil them about ten or fifteen minutes, stirring often; then strain the
gruel through a sieve, and add sugar and salt enough to make it agreeable
to the taste. When it is designed as a meal, dissolve it in a little butter,
and then add bread and nutmeg, as occasion requires.
To Dye Buff on Cotton.
T'ake as much hot fustic liquor and water, as will half fill a tub, enter
three pieces, give them five ends, hedge out; take another tub of cold
lime-water, enter the same pieces, and give them five ends in this, take
out, and in a short time they will be buff. Renew your first and second
tub, and proceed as at first  This is all required for buf




ï~~316

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

To Dye Red on Cotton.
Take three pieces, enter them into a tub with hot red-wood, or peachwood hliquor, give them five ends, then run them into your wince; have
another tub, called the spirit-tub, close by, half full of cold water, put into
it about three tumblers full of spirits; then run the pieces from the othe
wince over the wince of the spirit-tub, give them five ends in the spirit
tub, then wind them on the wince of the spirit-tub, then back again to tht
red tub; give them five ends without having renewed the tub, they are
finished. Throw away the red tub liquor, put in fresh liquor, and proceed
as before; but the spirit-tub must be renewed always; even at night it
may be left in a tub, and renewed the next day.
To Dye Brown on Cotton.
The first process is to give them five ends in hot sumach liquor, or let
them lay all night in the large tub, same as for blacks; then give them
five ends in copperas, hedge out, give them five ends in lime tub; then
hedge out, lay them one side till you get enough to finish that day. You
next renew your tubs and repeat the operation as before. Then comes the
finishing part. Make up a tub of hot red-wood liquor; enter three pieces,
give them five ends, put the pieces one side the tub, put in some alum
liquor, stir up, give them five ends more, hedge out, and finish.
To Dye Purple on Cotton.
Get up a tub of hot logwood liquor, enter three pieces, give them five
ends, hedge out; enter them into a clean alum tub, give them five ends,
hedge out; get up another tub of logwood liquor, enter, give them five
ends, hedge out; renew your alum tub, give them five ends in that, and
finish.
To Dye Slate on Silk.
To make a slate, take a pan of warm water and about a teacup-full of
logwood liquor, pretty strong, and a piece of pearlash, of the size of a nut;
take grey-coloured goods, and handle a little in this liquor, and it is finished. If too much logwood is used, the colour will be too dark.
To Dye Olive on Silk,
By adding a little fustic liquor to the above slate, it will form an )live:
it may be necessary to run them through a weak pearlash water to sadden
them. Wash in two waters for the above three colours. They will keep
their colour very well.
A Superior Liquid Blacking. (French.)
Take 1 pound of good ivory-black; loaf-sugar, 4 ounces; the whites of
6 eggs; beer, a sufficient quantity. Mix the whole well, and let hem
simmer for half an hour. Then bottle for use.
Note.-I believe that blacking is generally improved by letting the mingre.
dients simmer a little; it makes the ivory-black softer and of a more shiny
lustre. A little pearlash added will improve the black of ink or blacking,
but whether it is a real benefit to them, is a question.
Iron Moulds.
Wash the spots with a strong solution of cream of tartar and water
Repeat, if necessary, and dry in the sun.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

817

Ratifia de Fleurs d' Oranges.
Orange flowers (fresh), 10 pounds; proof spirit, 6 gallons; sugar, 10
pounds; dissolved in water, 1 gallon. Macerate for fourteen days, and
strain.
Ratifia d'Ecorces d' Oranges.
Fresh Seville orange-peel, 1 pound; proof spirit, 5 gallons; sugar, 6
pounds; dissolved in water, 3 pints. Digest for fourteen days, and strain.
Ratifia de Noyeau.
Bitter almonds (bruised), 2 ounces; proof spirit, 1 gallon; sugar (dissolved in 3 pints of water), 2 pounds; cassia (bruised),   ounce; cloves
(bruised), a ounce. Mix, and macerate for twenty days, then filter.
Ratifia des Cerises.
Morella cherries (kernels bruised), 10 pounds; proof spirit, 10 pints.
Macerate for twenty days, then express the juice and strain, next pour on
the refuse, water, 4 pints. Strain, and dissolve in it, sugar (lump), 2J
pounds. Mix, and strain.
To clear Barns, Houses, ckc., of Rats and Mice.
Spread garlic or dog's tongue-Cynoglossum-(bruised), where they
frequent.
To Trap Rats.
Put a little valerian and cheese in the trap, and it will attract both rats
and cats to the place.
Razor- Strop Paste.
Oxide of tin (levigated), 25 parts; powdered gum, 1 part; powderea
oxalic acid, 20 parts; water to make a paste. Spread this thinly over the
strop. Always recollect to strop your razor on a piece of soft leather after
using this paste.
To Renovate a Razor Strop.
1. Rub a little clean tallow over the surface, and then put on it the ligh'
top part of the snuff of a candle; rub it smooth. Excellent.
2. Rub the strop well with a piece of soft pewter or lead.
To Hone and Strap a Razor.
Let the razor see the hone but seldom, and then only as a " caution,"
and keep it quite flat on the stone. Strop your razor every time after it is
used, and before shaving soak it in warm water.
Red Currant Wine.
1. Red currants, 1 cwt.; brown sugar, 56 pounds; water, 25 gallons;
red tartar, 8 ounces. Mix, and ferment.
2. Soft water, 11 gallons; red currants, 12 gallons; raw sugar, 13
pounds. Ferment, then add red tartar (dissolved), 2 ounces; red beet
(sliced), 2 pounds; spirit, 1 gallon. As before.
Red Fire.
Sulphuret of antimony, 4 parts; chlorate of potash, 5 parts; flowers of
buaphur, 13 parts; nitrate of strontia, 40 parts. Mix.
27*




ï~~318

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Red Flame.
Alcohol holding in solution a salt of lime.
Red Glazing.
Antimony, 3 parts; red lead, 3 parts; red oxide of iron, 1 part. Mix.
Red Gooseberry Wine.
Cold water, 20 gallons; bruised fruit, 20 gallons; raw sugar, 35 pounds.
Ferment, then add red beet (sliced), 4 pounds; red tartar (dissolved), 6
ounces; good spirit, 2 gallons; ginger (bruised),   ounce; cloves (bruised),
Sounce. For a cheaper wine more water may be added.
Red Ink.
1. Cochineal, 1 ounce; ammonia, 1 ounce; water, 1 quart. Digest for
two or three days in a corked bottle, then dilute with water until of the
proper colour.
2. Brazil (ground), 1 pound; sour beer, 1 gallon. Boil until sufficiently
coloured, then add alum, 8 ounces; gum, 8 ounces.
3. Brazil dust, 14 pound; vinegar, 6 quarts. Boil until reduced to a
gallon, then add alum, J pound; gum arabic,   pound
Red Lacker.
Alcohol, 2 gallons; dragon's-blood, 1 pound; Spanish annatto, 3 pounds;
gum sandarach, 34 pounds; turpentine varnish, 2 pounds. Put the whole
into a suitable vessel and agitate until dissolved.
Red Mead Wine.
White mead wine, 15 gallons; cochineal (bruised), J ounce; brandy
colouring, 2 ounces; red wine (to taste), 7 gallons; red tartar, 5 ounces.
Mix, and fine down with six eggs.
Ointment of the Red Oxide of Mercury.
1. Simple ointment, 15 ounces; red precipitate, 1 ounce. Mix. Too
much care cannot be taken to rub down the powder until the ointment be.
comes of a perfectly uniform colour.
2. Simple ointment, 1 pound; red precipitate, 2 ounces. Mix.
Red Precipitate.
Quicksilver, nitric acid, equal parts. Dissolve, decant, and evaporate
to dryness, in a sand heat, until it assumes the proper colour.
Red Rose Sugar.
White sugar, 16 parts; red rose leaves (powdered), 1 part. Add tinc.
ure of carmine to colour, and a few drops of ottar of roses.
Red Salt.
Red sanders wood, I part; spirits of wine, 16 parts. Steep until suffi
cient colour is extracted, then pour it over the salt; evaporate, and when
dry, rub the salt through a sieve. Cochineal or a small quantity of carmine
may be used instead of the red sanders wood, but they will of course render
the process more expensive.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTB.

319

Red Ratifia.
Take cherries, raspberries, and strawberries, each twenty pounds, bruise
them and collect the juice, and add two pounds of sugar and one pint of
proof-spirit to every gallon of the liquid, then flavour with cassia, cloves,
and mace.
Red Sealing Wax.
1. Shell lac, 2 parts; resin, 1 part; vermilion, 1 part. Powder fine, and
melt over a slow fire.
2. Yellow resin, 14 parts; Venetian turpentine, 4 parts; bees-wax, 1
part; red or orange lead, 5 parts. Mix, with heat.
3. Oil of turpentine, 1 part; lard, 1 part; vermilion, 2 parts; gum lac,
12 parts. Mix, with a gentle heat.
4. (Very fine.)-She lac, 4 parts; Venice turpentine, 1 part vermilion,
3 parts. Mix.
Red Sprinkle for Binders.
Brazil-wood (ground), 4 parts; alum, I part; vinegar, 4 parts; water,
4 parts. Boil until reduced to seven parts, then add a small quantity of
loaf-sugar and gum. Bottle for use.
Red Stain for Glass.
1. Rust of iron, 100 parts; glass of antimony, 99 parts; yellow glass
of lead, 98 parts; sulphuret of silver, 3 parts. Mix.
2. White hard enamel, 100 parts; red chalk, 50 parts; peroxide of
copper, 5 parts. Reduce to fine powder and mix.
Red Sulphuret of Arsenic.
White arsenic, 7 parts; roll brimstone, 1 part. Mix and sublime.
Red Tombac.
Copper, 11 parts; zinc, 2 parts. Mix.
To convert White Wine into Red Wine.
Turnsole, 8 ounces; water, 3 pints. Boil gently; when cold, colour the
wine with the tincture.
To guard against Spontaneous Combustion.
It is a fact better ascertained than can be accounted for, that fixed oils,
when mixed with any light kind of charcoal, or substances containing
carbon, such as cotton, flax, or even wool, which is not of itself inflammable, heat by the process of decomposition, and after remaining in contact
some time, at length burst into flame. This spontaneous combustion takes
place in waste cotton which has been employed to wipe machines, and then
thrown away and allowed to accumulate into a heap. We have known an
instance of the kind in a manufactory for spinning worsteds, where the
waste wool, or, slubbings," as it is termed in Yorkshire, was thrown into
a corner and neglected. It then heated, and was on the point of bursting
into flame, when the attention of the workmen was directed to the heap by
the smoke and smell. In cotton-mills, the danger exists in a still greater
degree, and it is believed that the destruction of many cotton factories has
been occasioned by this means. The cause of this peculiar property of
fixed oils deserves more attention than has hitherto been paid to it.




ï~~320

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Animal Gas, or the Value of Dead Animals.
M. Seguin has succeeded in drying the muscles of animals by the action
of heat, in closed cylinders, so as to admit of their being kept in storehouses with very little annoyance from the effluvium; he then employed
a slight steam condensation, jointly with washing and purifying the muscle,
by saturated solution of chlorure of calcium, and he has thereby preserved
to the gas which he extracted all its illuminating powers, while he has
completely separated it from the ammoniacal salts that might render it fetid,
by converting them directly into hydrochlorure of ammonium. Such gas,
thus purified, has been found to contain about 10 grammes of empyreumatic vapours per cubic metre; and its illuminating power is such, that during
one hour twenty-two litres of this gas will give as much light as a good
Carcel lamp. The empyreumatic vapours are not found to be condensed
by low temperature, but may be liquefied bycompression; and these produce a fluid resembling ether, burning with a fuliginous flame, but without
any odour. M. Seguin's results may be tabularized as follows:One horse, average weight 220 kilogrammes,
gave Gas,.... 25682 litres, or light for 411 hours;
Sal ammoniac,.... 18.5 kilogrammes.
Ivory-black..... 21    kilogrammes.
Value of gas at 5 centimes per hour,........ 20f. 55c.
Sof sal ammoniac................... 56     50
i   of ivory-black....................   3   15
Total value................ 80f. 20c.
Now, the average price of such an animal for killing, or dead, is 17fr. in
France; the labour, &c. of extracting these mattters, cost 4f. 25c.; cost of
various accessory materials, 2f. 70c.; fuel, If. 60c.; total, 25f. 55c. The
ordinary knackers of Paris never get out of the parts from which the gas
is thus produced more than about 5fr. worth of grease; and since Paris
furnishes annually from 15,000 to 16,000 dead horses, the value of this
method may be easily ascertained. If to this be added the gas that may be
obtained from the bodies of other animals, and from refuse animal matter
in the capital, the total quantity to be derived from these hitherto neglected
materials will be found to be immense.
To ascertain a Horse's Age.
Every horse has six teeth above and below; before three years old he
sheds his middle teeth; at three he sheds one more on each side of the central
teeth; at four he sheds the two corner and last of the fore-teeth. Between
four and five the horse cuts the under tusks; at five will cut his upper
tusks, at which time his mouth will be complete. At six years the grooves
and hollows begin to fill up a little; at seven the grooves will be well nigh
filled up, except the corner teeth, leaving little brown spots where the dark
brown hollows formerly were. At eight, the whole of the hollows and
grooves are filled up. At nine there is very often seen a small bill to the
outside corner teeth; the point of the tusk is worn off, and the part that
was concave begins to fill up and become rounding; the squares of the
central teeth begin to disappear, and the gums leave them small and narrow
ait top.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

321

To Blaze or Produce a Star on a Horse.
Shave off the hair with a sharp razor, then anoint the place with a little
oil of vitriol; one application will be sufficient. To remove inflammation,
wash with a weak solution of copperas-water.
Another.
T'ake a piece of coarse tow-linen, the size of the wished-for star, spread
on it warm pitch, and apply it to the shaved spot, leave two or three days,
when wash with a little asmart-water or elixir of vitriol two or three times
a day until well. When the hair grows it will be white.
Relief for Spavin.
Shave off the hair, and apply a blister of Spanish flies to the part affected. Bathe with warm strong vinegar, and let the horse have rest.
Broken Wind.
Feed with carrots, or parsnips, or beets; or use tar-water as a drink;
some say lime-water; and when the cough is bad, bleed freely.
Relief for String-Halt.
Bathe with warm vinegar and sweet oil, and rub well the part affected.
Chest Founder. (Momentary Relief for)
Bleed freely, and give an ounce of aloes in a ball.
Cure for Lampass.
Burn with a hot iron: never cut them out. If they are once burnt they
will not return.
Wind Galls.
Make a strong decoction of red-oak bark; add thereto some strong vinegar and a little alum in powder. Bathe the parts with this decoction as
warm as possible twice a day, and bind up comfortably tight with woollen
cloths dipped in a warm decoction of the above.
Founder.
Bleed from the neck; take one quart strong sassafras tea, dissolve in it
one spoonful of saltpetre and a quarter of an ounce of assafcetida, and give
as a drench, but do not let him drink for five or six hours, at which time,
if he is not better, repeat the bleeding, and give another drench. For slight
founder, let the horse stand a few hours in water; or, still better, in very
soft clay-mortar.
Laxative Injection.
Sweet oil, one table-spoonful; molasses, two table-spoonfuls; salt, one
tea-spoonful. Mix in a pint of warm water. To be used milk-warm.
Purgative Injection.
Take boiling water, one pint; senna leaves, one ounce; coriander seed,.yell bruised, one drachm. Infuse about one hour in a covered vessel.
Strain, then add salt, one tea-spoonful; molasses, one table-spoonful. Stir
until the salt be dissolved. To be applied milk-warm.




ï~~822

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Ointment for Ringbone.
Take corrosive sublimate, Spanish flies, hog's lard, and Venice turpen
tine. Mix. This ointment it is said will dissolve a ringbone.
Inection made of Starch.
Starch, two tea-spoonfuls; water, one pint. Mix until no lumps ap
pear. Boil. Strain and use it gently warm.
Bread Poultice.
Take stale bread in crumbs, pour boiling water over it, and boil till soft,
stiring it well; then take it from the fire, and gradually stir in a little
hog's lard or sweet oil, so as to render the poultice pliable when applied.
Corn Meal Poultice.
Indian meal, five table-spoonfuls; rye flour, one table-spoonful. To be
gradually let through the fingers into boiling water, briskly stirring at the
same time. Then add a little oil as for the bread poultice.
Apple Poultice.
Apples pared, cored, and well boiled, then well washed into a pulp,
form a very good poultice.
Poultice made of Hops.
Boil a handful of hops for a few minutes in a pint of water in a covered
vessel, squeeze out the juice, and strain. This liquor is now to be put
again on the fire and thickened with Indian meal, and a little lard added as
it becomes cool.
Starch Poultice.
Starch, any quantity; thicken with boiling water. When a iittle cooled,
stir in a little lard or oil.
Slippery Elm Poultice.
Take slippery elm in powder, and mix with water until somewhat thick,
then boil a few minutes. It is to be applied warm.
Yeast Poultice.
Wheat flour, one pound; yeast, half a pint. Mix them together over a
gentle heat until the mixture begins to rise, then apply warm.
Mustard Poultice.
Flour of mustard, one part; flaxseed meal, one part. Make into a paste
with water. A little oil or lard should be added to prevent it sticking.
Spice Poultice.
Cinnamon, allspice, cloves, and ginger, of each equal quantities; honey
or molasses to mix.
Alum Poultice.
Put the white of a couple of eggs into a plate, and then with a piece of
alum between the thumb and finger stir it into a curd. To be applied
wrapped in a fine piece of linen, having but one fold next the skin.




ï~~PRACTICAL  RECEIPTS.

323

Purgative Electuary.
Take of jalap, I drachm; cream of tartar, 1 ounce; syrup or molasses
as much as will give the whole a proper consistence. Dose for adults,
from one to two tea-spoonfuls in the morning, to keep the bowels in a
soluble state.
To Dye Crimson on Silk.
Take cudbear, boil it in water; then just rinse or handle your silks in
it for a few minutes, you have the shade wanted. Chamber-ley or any
alkaline solution will change the colour.
Rice Milk.
Take a large tea-cupful of rice, washed nicely; water, 1 pint; boil it
for about half an hour, then add a quart of new milk; let it simmer over
a slow fire till it is sufficiently done, and then add to it a little sugar and
nutmeg.
Panado.
1. Take of bread, I ounce; mace, 1 blade; water, 1 pint. Boil them
without stirring, till they mix and turn smooth, then add a little grated nutmeg, a small piece of butter, and sugar enough to make the mixture agreeable. When butter is not approved of, two spoonfuls of wine may be used
in its stead.
2. Set a little water on the fire, with a glass of white wine, some sugar,
and a scrape of nutmeg and lemon-peel; meanwhile, grate some crumbs
of bread. The moment the mixture boils up, keeping it still on the fire,
put the crumbs in, and let it boil as fast as it can. When of a proper
thickness just to drink, take it off..lum Whey.
Boil two drachms of powdered alum in a pint of milk until it be curdled, then strain out the whey. This astringent preparation is often employed with advantage in uterine hemorrhage, and in diabetes. The dose
is two or three ounces, or as much as the stomach will bear, several times
in the day.
To Mull White Wine.
Boil a pint of good wine with a table-spoonful of allspice; beat up the
yolk of an egg with a little sugar, and add it to the wine while boiling.
Refreshing Drinks in Fevers.
Boil two quarts of water with two ounces of tamarinds, an equal quantity of currants and raisins, until near a fourth be consumed. Strain it on
a piece of lemon-peel, which remove in an hour, as it gives a bitter taste
if left long.
Tamarinds, currants, fresh or in jelly, or scalded currants or cranberries,
with cold water, make excellent drinks; a little sugar may be added, if
agreeable.
Lemon Water.
Put two slices of lemon, thinly pared, into a tea-pot, a small piece of the
peel and some white sugar, pour in a pint of boiling water, and stop it
close two hours.




ï~~M4

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Antibilious, or Aperient and Diaphoretic Pills.
Take of calomel, jalap, each 20 grains; tartar emetic, 2 grains; syrup
)r mucilage of gum arabic, sufficient to form  a mass; make eight pills.
Dose for adults, two at bed-time, and the dose repeated every hour in the
morning until it operates sufficiently. Or take four in the morning, and
one every hour until the desired effect be obtained.
Apple Water.
Cut two large apples in slices, and pour a quart of boiling water on them,
or on roasted apples, strain in two or three hours, and sweeten lightly.
Purgative Infusion.
Take of senna and manna, each half an ounce; salts, one ounce; ginger, one drachm; boiling water, one pint. Dose for adults, one gill every
hour or two, until it operates.
Purgative Powder.
1. Take of calomel and jalap, each 20 grains, to be taken in the morning in syrup or molasses, by adults.
2. Take of rhubarb and vitriolated tartar in fine powder, each 1 drachm.
Mix well together, and divide into four powders. One taken going to bed,
and another in the morning, will be found an efficacious remedy, when.
ever it is required to cleanse the stomach and bowels of bilious and other
offensive matter.
Sitimnulant Purgative Pille.
1. Take of calomel and gamboge, each I drachm; syrup sufficient to
form a mass. Beat them together, and then make twenty-four pills. Dose
for adults, from three to six.
2. Take of calomel, aloes, rhubarb, and soap, each 1 drachm; syrup or
mucilage of gum arabic, sufficient to form a mass. Beat them well together, and make forty-eight pills. Dose for adults from four to eight.
Diaphoretic Drops.
Take of sweet spirits of nitre and antimonial wine, each 1 ounce. Mix.
Dose for adults, a tea-spoonful every two hours. If the stomach is in an
irritable state, add only half the quantity of antimonial wvine.
Dover's Powder.
Ipecacuanha, powdered, and opium, each 1 drachm; vitriolated tartar
in powder, 1 ounce. The greatest possible pains should be taken to grind
the mass to a completely fine powder. Nitre may be substituted for the
vitriolated tartar, when that is not at hand. This powder is the most efi.
cacious sudorific we possess. It is an admirable remedy for quieting the
bowels, when affected by the exhibition of mercury, or any other cause
Dose for adults, from ten to twenty grains every three or four hours.
Infusion of Virginia Snake-Root.
Take snake-root, half an ounce; boiling water, half a pint; infuse for
two hours in a covered vessel and strain. Dose-a table-spoonful occasionally, taken warm. It is used to aid other diaphoretics, u nd in its: effelcts.
resembles camphor.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

32.

To wash White Silk Lace or Blond.
Take a black bottle covered with clean linen or muslin, and wind the
blond round it, (securing the ends with a needle and thread,) not leaving
the edge outward, but covering it as you proceed. Set the bottle upright
in a strong cold lather of white soap and very clear soft water, and place
it in the sun, having gently with your hand rubbed the suds up and down
on the lace. Keep it in the sun every day for a week, changing the lather
daily, and always rubbing it slightly when you renew the suds. At the
end of the week, take the blond off the bottle, and (without rinsing) pin it
backward and forward on a large pillow covered with a clean tight case.
Every scollop must have a separate pin; or more, if the scollops are not
very small. The plain edge must be pinned down also, so as to make it
straight and even. The pins should be of the smallest size. When quite
dry, take it off, but do not starch, iron, or press it. Lay it in long loose
folds, and put it away in a pasteboard box.
Thread lace may be washed in the same manner.
Tincture of Lobelia.
Lobelia, 4 ounces; diluted alcohol, 2 pints. Macerate for fourteen days,
express, and filter through paper.
Cure for a Wen.
The following has proved to be effectual. Make a very strong brine, dip
in a piece of flannel two or three times doubled, and apply it to the wen
keep it constantly wet, night and day, until suppuration takes place.
For Sprains and Bruises.
Mix equal parts of beef-gall and vinegar; apply it often to the part injured, and dry it by the fire.
Warts, 4c.
The bark of the common willow burnt to ashes, mixed with strong vinegar, and applied to the parts, will remove all warts, corns, and other excrescences.
Peach- Trees.
Marl put round the trunks of peach-trees-say a bushel, or half that
measure, to each tree-protects them from the attacks of worms, preserves
the trees in health, continues them in life beyond the time of their ordinary
existence, promotes the growth of the fruit to almost double its former size,
and increases the richness of its flavour in like proportion.
To wash a White Lace Veil.
Put the veil into a strong lather of white soap and very clear water, andl
let it simmer slowly for a quarter of an hour. Take it out and squeeze it
well, but be sure not to rub it. Rinse it in two cold waters, with a drop
or two of liquid blue in the last. Have ready some very clear and weak;um arabic water, or some thin starch, or rice-water. Pass the veil through
it. and clear it by clapping. Then stretch it out even, and pin it to dry on
a linen cloth, making the edge as straight as possible, opening out all the
scollops, and fastening each with pins. When dry, lay a piece of thin mus[in smoothly over it. and iron it on the wrong side.
2 A




ï~~826

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Pennsylvania Apple Butter.
To make this article according to German law, the host should,.n the
autumn, invite his neighbours, particularly the young men and maidens,
to make up an apple-butter party. Being assembled, let three bushels of
fair sweet apples be pared, quartered, and the cores removed. Meanwhile,
let two barrels of new cider be boiled down to one half. When this is done,
commit the prepared apples to the cider, and let the boiling go on briskly
and systematically. But to accomplish the main design, the party must
take turns at stirring the contents without cessation, that they do not become attached to the side of the kettle, and be burned. Let the stirring g(
on till the amalgamated cider and apples become as thick as hasty-pudding,
then throw in pulverized allspice, when it may be considered as finished,
and committed to pots for future use. This is apple-butter; and it will
keep sweet for very many years. It is a capital article for the table-very
much superior to anything that comes under the name of apple-sauce.
Burnt Sponge.
Take sponge, cut it in pieces, and beat it, that any extraneous matters
may be separated; then burn it in a close iron vessel until it becomes black
and friable; lastly, rub it into very fine powder. Astringent.
To wash a Black Lacd Veil.
Mix bullock's gall with sufficient hot water to maksit as warm as you
can bear your hand in, and pass the veil through it. It must be squeezed,
not rubbed; and it will be well to perfume the gall with a little musk.
Rinse the veil through two cold waters, tingeing the last with a little blue.
After drying, put it into some stiffening made by pouring boiling water on
a very small piece of glue; squeeze it out, stretch it, and clap it. Afterwards, pin it out on a linen cloth to dry, laying it very straight and even,
and taking care to open and pin the edge very nicely.
When dry, iron it on the wrong side, having laid a linen cloth over the
ironing blanket.
Any article of black lace may be washed in this manner.
Absorbent Mixture.
Prepared chalk, half an ounce; powdered gum arabic, and white sugar,
each, 2 drachms; water, 4 ounces. Dose for adults, a table-spoonful every
two or three hours.
Absorbent and Aperient Mixture
Is made by adding one drachm of rhubarb in powder, or half an ounce
of the tincture of rhubarb, to the above recipe.
O:-Take of prepared chalk and magnesia, each, half an ounce; sugar,
two drachms. Rub them well together, then add mucilage of gum arabic,
two ounces; weak cinnamon tea, four ounces. Dose for children, from one
to two tea-spoonfuls.
Tobacco Ointment.
Fresh tobacco, cut in pieces, I ounce; lard, 1 pound. Boil the tobacco
in the lard over a gentle fire, until it becomes friable: the strain through
linen.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

327

Cure for Quinsy.
Simmer hops in vinegar a few minutes, until their strength is extracted,
strain the liquid, sweeten it with sugar, and give it frequently to the child
or patient, in small quantities, until relieved. This is said to be an excellent medicine.
To wash Coloured Kid or Hoskin Gloves.
Have on a table a clean towel folded three or four times, a saucer of new
milk, and a piece of brown soap. Spread a glove smoothly on the folded
towel, dip in the milk a piece of clean flannel, rub it on the soap till you
get enough, and then commence rubbing the glove, beginning at the wrist,
and rubbing lengthways to the ends of the fingers, the glove being held
firmly in the left hand. When done spread them out, and dry gradually.
When nearly dry, pull them out the cross-way of the leather, and when
quite dry, stretch them on your hands.
White kid gloves may be washed in this manner, provided they have
never been cleaned with India rubber.
To Dye Green on Silk.
Take green ebony, boil it in water, and let it settle; take the clean liquor
as hot as you can bear your hands in it, and handle your goods in it until
of a bright yellow; then take water and put in a little sulphate of indigo;
handle your goods in this till of the shade wanted. The ebony may previously be boiled in a bag, to prevent it from sticking to the silk.
To make Sulphate of Indigo.
Vitriol, 3 pounds; ground indigo, 1 pound. Put in a little at a time,
and keep stirring till all is dissolved. Let it stand twenty-four hours.
Mild Diuretics.
Of this class of medicines, nitre, by reducing the force of circulation,
will be found eminently useful in febrile cases. Dose, ten or fifteen grains,
for adults, every two or three hours. Conjoined with camphor, as in the
camphorated powders, its diuretic effect, in some cases, is increased.
Dulcified Spirits o] Nitre.
Dose for adults, half an ounce, every three or fours. Unless this medicine be given in large doses, it will excite perspiration, rather than act as
a diuretic. It is chiefly valuable in the cases of children. There is, indeed,
scarcely any other medicine which, in their complaints, we can substitute
in its place, and it may be given to them, in the same proportion, even
in the earliest periods of life.
Diuretic Infusion.
Pound a handful of pumpkin or melon seeds, with a small quantity of
hard white sugar, to a smooth paste; then add a quart of boiling water,
and a quarter of an ounce of saltpetre, or half an ounce of sweet spirits of
nitre, and rub them well together. This is a pleasant and mild diuretic,
particularly useful where the discharge of urine is attended with heat and
pain. A tea-cupful may be taken every hour or two by adults.




ï~~328

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Stimulating Diuretics.
The Spanish fly promotes as well as restrains the urinary discharge.
Exhibited in a state of excitement, or in small doses, it most usually occasions strangury. But taken in a reverse state of the system, or in large
doses, it as constanty proves diuretic. Thus, in the weaker forms of dropsy, two, three, or four drachms of the tincture, given in divided doses dur.
ing the twenty-four hours, will produce the most copious evacuations of
urine.
Nitric Lac Ammoniac.
Pour very gradually two drachms of nitric acid, diluted in eight ounces
of water, on two drachms. of ammoniac, and triturate them in a glass mortar till the gum is dissolved, forming a milky fluid. Of this a table-spoonful may be taken every two or three hours in sweetened water. Laudanum,
in some cases, may be usefully added. Expectorant.
Pectoral Mixture.
Gum ammoniac, 2 drachms; syrup of squills, half an ounce; laudanum,
50 drops; spring water, 6 ounces. Reduce the gum to powder in a marble
mortar, and gradually add the water and triturate till the gum is dissolved.
Then strain from the impurities and add the other articles. Dose, a tablespoonful every two or three hours, for adults.
Or-Take sweet oil, 1 ounce; rain or soft water, half a pint; salt of
tartar, 5 grains; white sugar, half an ounce. Dissolve the salt of tartar
and the sugar in the water, and afterwards add the oil, when, by agitating
the phial, a mixture will be formed of cream-like appearance. To this add
paregoric elixir, half an ounce. Dose, a table-spoonful every hour or two.
Pectoral Emulsion.
Oil of almonds, or pure sweet oil, 1 ounce; barley-water, 6 ounces; best
white sugar and gum arabic powdered, each,   ounce; laudanum, 40 drops.
Incorporate the sugar and gum arabic together in a mortar, with a small
quantity of barley-water, then gradually mix the oil, and afterwards add,
by little at a time, the remainder of the water with the laudanum. One or
two table-spoonfuls of this emulsion may be taken frequently.
Or-Take of the best purified honey and pure sweet oil, each, 2 ounces;
fresh lemon-juice, I ounce; syrup and paregoric, each, J ounce. Mix, to
form an emulsion. Dose, a tea-spoonful whenever the cough is most troublesome.
Cou h Mixture.
Paregoric elixir, 1 ounce; powdered gum arabic, 1 ounce; simple water, 2 ounces; sweet spirit of nitre, 2 drachms; antimonia' wine, 1 drachm
Mix and dissolve. Dose, one table-spoonful to be taken whenever the cough
is troublesome. But, in the first stage of catarrh, when inflammatory
symptoms are present, this and all opiates are improper.
Or-Paregoric elixir, 1A ounce; antimonial wine and syrup of squills,
each, I ounce; lac ammoniac, 4 ounces; syrup of balsaun tolu, I ounce.
Dose, half a table-spoonful every two or three hours for adults.
Or-Tincture of opium, I drachm; wine of ipecacuanha, J drachm;
oxymel of squills, J ounce. Mix. Dose, for adults, a tea-spoonful every
two hours while the cough is severe.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

329

Cure for Whooping-cough.
A tea.spoonful of castor oil to a tea-spoonful of molasses; a tea-spoonfu,
if the mixture to be given whenever the cough is troublesome. It affords
relief at once, and in a few days effects a cure. The same medicine relieves
croup, however violent the attack.
Cure for Cough in Horses.
Take half a pound of nitre, a quarter of a pound of black regulus of antimony, and two ounces of antimony; mix them well in a mortar, and
make up into doses of one ounce each. Give the horse one in a cold mash
every night, in mild weather, for three nights; then omit it for a week.
If he does not get better of his cough, repeat it. Care is necessary that
the animal should not be exposed, while warm, to stand in a cold wind;
otherwise exercise him gently, and heat him as usual.
To clean Wash-Leather Gloves.
First take out the grease-spots with magnesia, cream of tartar, or powdered Wilmington clay. Then wash and squeeze them through a lather of
white soap and lukewarm water; hot water will shrink them. Squeeze
them through a second suds; rinse them first in lukewarm and then in cold
water, and stretch them to dry before the fire or in the sun.
Another Way.-Having removed the grease-spots, take the gloves, one
at a time, on your hands, and rub them with a clean sponge wet with lukewarm soapsuds. Wash off the suds with a sponge and clear water, and
stretch the gloves to dry. When almost dry, put them on your hands until
finished, which will prevent them from shrinking.
Nitrous Lozenges.
Purified nitre, 2 drachms; refined sugar reduced to fine powder, 6
drachms; powdered gum tragacanth, 3 drachms. Beat these together with
a small portion of water, till they are intimately mixed, and form a coherent
mass, which may be divided into moderate sized lozenges, and dried by a
gentle heat. In cases of quinsy or sore throat, one of these lozenges frequently put in the mouth, and suffered gradually to dissolve, will be found
very beneficial.
Stain Mixture.
Sal ammoniac, 1 ounce; salt of tartar, I ounce. Mix well, put them
into a pint of soft water, and bottle for use, keeping it very tightly corked.
Wash in a little of this liquid those parts of a white article that have been
stained with ink, mildew, or red wine. Having removed the stains, wash
in the usual manner.
Another mixture for removing ink-spots, is half an ounce of oxalic acid
dissolved in a pint of soft water; bottle and cork for use, shaking it well.
When used, stretch the ink-stain over a bowl of hot water, and rub it with
a sponge dipped min the solution. Then wash and dry it.
Cordial Draught.
Volatile tincture of valerian, one drachm; simple syrup and water, each,
four tea-spoonfuls. To be taken at once by adults.
8*




ï~~3

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Diuretic Pills.
Dried squills (in fine powder) and calomel, each, half a drachm; muci-,age;f gum arabic, sufficient to form a mass, and then make twenty pills;
two of which are to be taken at bed-time. These pills powerfully promote
urine, and are very efficacious in carrying off cold phlegmatic humours, in
all dropsical swellings. When the squill alone is given, it may be taken in
doses of two or three grains, in the form of pills, three or four times a "ay,
by adults.
Remedies for Whooping-Cough.
Dissolve 30 grains of salt of tartar in a gill of water, and add to it 1C
grains of cochineal finely powdered; sweeten this with fine sugar, and give
an infant a tea-spoonful four times a day; to a child of two or three years
old, two tea-spoonfuls; from four years and upwards, a table-spoonful or
more may be taken. The relief is said to be immediate, and in general
within five or six days.
Or-Take equal portions of new milk and the ley obtained from hickory
ashes, of which one table-spoonful may be given every hour through the
day, to a child of seven or eight years old. This remedy is also strongly
recommended.
Pectoral Lozenges.
Purified opium, 2 scruples; tincture of balsam tolu, 2 drachms; syrup,
composed of one part of water and two parts of white sugar, 4 ounces;
refined Spanish liquorice (previously moistened with a little warm water,
so as to make it soft), and gum arabic in fine powder, each, 2j ounces;
emetic tartar, 8 grains. Rub the opium and emetic tartar with the tincture
and syrup until the former is perfectly dissolved, then add the liquorice,
and whilst beating them together, gradually sprinkle in the gum arabic.
Divide the mass into lozenges, each weighing ten grains, and exsiccate
them gradually in the air. One may be put in the mouth and gradually
dissolved, every hour or two, when the cough is troublesome.
Opiate Pills.
Pure opium and powdered cinnamon or ginger, each, 12 grains; mucilage or syrup to make twelve pills. Dose, for adults, one or two at bed-time
Anodyne.
Compound Spirits of Lavender.
Dose for adults, a tea-spoonful on a lump of sugar, to be dissolved in
the mouth, and gradually swallowed.
Cordial Mixture.
Aromatic spirit of hartshorn, two drachms; compound spirit of lavender,
three drachms; cinnamon water, two ounces; spring water, three ounces
Mix. Dose for adults, a table-spoonful.
Cordial Drops.
Paregoric elixir, volatile tincture of valerian, of each equal parts. Mix
them well together, and give, to adults, a tea-spoonful in a glass of water.
For children-the best cordial is white wine whey.




ï~~PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

331

Remedy for the Asthma.
Slake half a pound of quicklime with two quarts of hot water, and stir
m two spoonfuls of tar. Let it stand and settle. Take half a pound of wild
turnip, half a pound of milkweed roots, and a small handful of lobelia;
bruise them and infuse in two quarts of wine; place the whole in a warm
place for twenty-four hours, then press and strain, add to it the lime-water,
and boade it for use. Take a wine-glassful three times a day. An excellent remedy for asthma, coughs, consumption, hysterics, &c.
For Baldness.
Fill a outtle with powdered lobelia, then pour in as much as it will contaa of equal parts of brandy and sweet oil. In a few days it will be fit for
use. Bathe the head once a day with this, and it will prevent the loss ol
hair. It is said to restore it when lost.
Canker.
This is an acrid humour, excoriating the most tender parts, particularly
Sthe mouth. Frequent application of the decoction of cranesbill, wild lettuce, white lily, or gold-thread, affords relief.
Corns.
Dissolve a little caustic potash in water, and wet the corn with it every
night.
Or-Bathe the feet frequently in warm water with a little salt and potash dissolved in it, and apply a plaster made of two ounces of gum ammonia, two ounces of yellow wax, and two drachms of verdigris. Rasp away
with pumice-stone as much of the corn as possible, and apply the plaster
spread on thin soft leather. It must be renewed once a fortnight till cured.
Cholera Morbus.
At the commencement of the disease, give plentifully of thin broths, teas,
or other diluting drinks, to promote the vomiting until the offending cause
is expelled; clysters of the same may be given every hour. After these
evacuations have been continued some time, a decoction of toasted bread
may be given, to stop the vomiting; or, take lemon-juice, loaf-sugar and a
little brandy, pour hot water to it, and drink it after puking. As the stomach and intestines are much weakened after this disease, an infusion of
some tonic bitters in wine may be taken for some time.
Chapped Hands.
Wash with Castile soap and water a little warm, rubbing it in with flan-:el; then rinse them in clean water, and while they are wet rub them
with a little honey, and dry them with a clean coarse towel. This should
be done twice a day, and always before going to bed.
Chilblains.
Bathe the feet with a strong solution of alum, or a mixture of equal parts
of oil of turpentine and balsam copaiva. Or, dip a piece of white chalk in
vinegar, and frequently rub the chilblains with it. Or, bind on thin white
akin which;omes from suet.




ï~~,32

PRACTICAL RECEIPTS.

Capons.
Place the fowl on its left side on the table, with its back to the operator,
a strap round the wings, and the legs in a noose. Pluck off the feathers
between the first and second ribs, and with the thumb and finger of the left
hand draw the skin tense, so as to ascertain positively the space between
the ribs. With a sharp knife make an incision through the skin only, an
inch long, measuring from the point of the first rib backward. This will
expose the two ribs and the margin of a large muscle running down the
thigh. This muscle is in no danger of being injured, if the incision be
made at the proper point; but if otherwise, an injury to it will cause lameness. Divide the muscle between the ribs, by introducing the knife at the
point of the first rib and cutting backwards about an inch. In this way
the pleura is avoided, and of course an escape of air.
Now, by introducing two small hooks, or any other suitable apparatus,
draw apart the ribs so as to expose a bundle of fibres called the intercostal
muscle. Should the incision be too small, it may be enlarged by passing
the knife round the point of the second rib. Divide the belly of the intercostal muscle lengthwise, and you will perceive a semi-transparent membrane, called the peritoneum. This must likewise be divided, keeping the
knife as far off as possible from the pleura. A branch of the cceliac artery
traverses this membrane, and may be injured by a bungling hand, or by inattention. On cutting through this membrane, the upper testicle is brought
into view. This lies on the margin of the lateral spinous processes, surrounded by nerves and blood vessels. It is a small yellow body, its colour
somewhat darkened by the membrane covering it. In pushing downward
and forward the intestine, the second testicle is brought into view, lying
centrally between two large blood-vessels. This must be removed with great
care, so as not to injure any of the neighbouring veins. For further information, see American Poultry Book, p. 115, by Micajah Cock.
Chlorosis, or Green Sickness.
This complaint requires relief immediately, otherwise dropsy, delirium,
or consumption might follow. After taking a gentle emetic and cathartic,
let the patient take a tea-spoonful of the powder of red cohush, in a gill of
hot water, every half hour, or half a tea-spoonful of white birth-root powder, in a gill of warm water, every hour. Also, a tea of angelica seeds or
roots, green wheat, cedar boughs, hemlock boughs, pennyroyal, mugwort,
or winter clover. Before retiring to bed at night, the patient should stand
or sit over a steam of hemlock boughs, or some bitter herbs; and have
draughts applied to the feet. The general health should be improved by a
strengthening diet and exercise in the open air.
Dysentery.
Make a strong tea of crows-foot or mouse-ear, add half a pint of brandy
to a quart of the tea, and molasses sufficient to make a syrup. Drink it
treely as often as the pains or gripings come on. Taken early, it seldom
tails of curing the disorder.
A tea of witch-hazel bark, with boiled milk and loaf-sugar, drunk freely,
is an excellent remedy.




ï~~INDEX.
Page  ir
A1,1L-Water Ice,..........  29 Almond Milk,.......... 51
Abortion, to prevent........ 86 Almond Paste (grey),..  51
Absorbent Mixture,......... 326 Almond Paste (liquid),......51
Absorbent and Aperient Mix-   Almond Paste (sweet w ibe,. 51
ture,................. 326 Almond Paste (honey),.... 51
Accarie's Purified Opium,... 39 Almond Paste (bitter white),. 52
Acetic Ether............... 34 Almond Lozenges (sweet),...  52
Acetic Lozenges,............ 34 Almond Soap (bitter)....... 52
Acetic Acid..............  46 Almond Oil,............... 40
Acetic Acid, crystallized,... 46 Alto Relievo, Engraving in.. 52
Acetate of Ammonia,......39 Alteratives for Animals,.... 278
Acetate of Lead,............ 39 Alterative Pills, Snow's.... 285
Acetate of Morphia,......... 39 Alum, white.............. 53
Acetate of Zinc, extempora-    Alum, precipitation of....... 66
neous.................  39  Alum  Powder, to wash......  66
Acidulous Water,............ 34 Alum, crystallization of... 66
Acid for Dyeing,..........  42  Alumina................  52
Acorn Coffee..............33 Alum Whey,............. 32t
Aconitine,.................. 34 Amalgam for Cushions of ElecAconitine, Ointment of.......34  trical Machines,........... 53
Adhesive Plaster........ 34, 217 Amber, Factitious Oil of..... 53
Age of a Horse,........... 320  Amber Beer...............  52
9 gue Drops,............  35 Ambergris, Essence of...... 53
Alabaster, to harden and polish  35 Amber Varnish, pale....  53
Albumen,................  35 Ambrette, Spirit of......... 53
Alcohol................... 35  Amethyst, Factitious.........  53
Alcohol, to discover in wines. 50 American Green Wax,....... 186
Aicoholic Extract of Nux Vo-   Ammonia, Carbonate of.... 43. 53
mica,...................197 Ammonia, Ointment of..... 43
Ale, to bottle,.............. 35 Ammoniac Plaster,...........  43
Me oni the Scotch plan,.... 50 Ammoniac Plaster, with merAle, Barnstaple............  61  cury.................  43
Ale, Dorchester............ 137 Ammoniac, Nitric Lac...... 328
Ale, Edinburgh........... 158 Anatomical Preparation, Fluid
Ale, from  sugar and malt....  281  for....................  43
Alkaline Absorbent,..........51 Anchovies, English.........43
Alloy for Flute Key Vale  262 Anchovies, Essence of...... 43
Almond Bloom............. 51 Anchovy Powder,..........  43
Almond Cake,...............51 Angelica, Candied........... 44
Almond Jelly,.......... 511 Animal Charcoal,........... 44
(333)




ï~~334

INDEX.

Page                           Page
Animal Food, to preserve.. 44 Astringent Ointment......   59
Anisated Balsam of Sulphur,. 44 Astringent Pills for Glect,... 60
Animal Substances, to preserve 45 Asthma, dry or convulsive... 69
Aniseed Cordial,............. 45 Asthma, to cure.... 69, 210, 222
Aniseed, Factitious Oil of.... 45 Astringent Injection........ 165
Aniseed Water,.............  45 Astringent Mixture for Scours, 279
Anisette de Bordeaux,....... 45 Asthma................. 306
Animal Matter and Peat.... 256 Aurum Musivum, or Bisulphate
Animal Gas...............  320  of Tin,................  60
Anodyne Necklace,..........  39 Autographic Ink,........... 60
Anti-Attrition,............  45  Azure, beautiful...........  60
Anti-Attrition (patent),......  45 Azure, fine, from copper..... 60
Anti-Ferment,...........   45
Antimonial Powder........  45 Bailey's Itch Ointment,.....  60
Antimony Lozenges,......  45 Bailey's Prescription for IndiAnti-Putrefactive Fluid,..... 45  gestion,.................60
Antimonial Wine,............. 57 Baitley's Green Senna Powder, 87
Antidote for Arsenic,....... 187 Baitley's Liquor Opii Sedativus, 87
Ants,................... 194 Baker's Stuff,............  61
Antibilious Pills,........... 324 Balsamic Vinegar,..........  60
Aperient Pills............... 45 Balls for Removing Grease,. 60
Apples, to preserve.........  58 Balm of Gilead (Factitious),. 61
Apple Wine,.............. 58 Balm of Molucca (Aromatic),. 6(l
Apple Pudding,............ 305 Balm Wine,.............. 61
Apple Trees, bearing, &c.,... 312 Balsam of Peru (Factitious),. 61
Apple Water,........... 324 Balsam, Soluble........... 61
Apple Butter,...... 324 Balsamic Ether,...........  86
Aquatic Life Hat,..........  118  Baldness,.............. 86, 331
Aqua Regia (solution of tin),. 2781 Balsam of Copaiba (Factitious), 121
Arbor D)ian,,.............. 58 Brown's Mixture............ 87
Archil, Lump.............. 58 Barberry Marmalade,........  61
Archil, Factitious........... 59 Barclay's Antibilious Pills,... 61
Argentum Musivum,........ 58 Bark, Essential Salt of....... 61
Armenian Cement,......... 58 Bark, Extract of.............61
Aromatic Plaster............. 5. Barks, to preserve.......... 61
Aromatic Vinegar,............ 58 Barnstaple Ale,............61
Arrow Root, substitute for... 58 Barley Sugar,............. 80
Arrack, limitation of....... 59 Barley Water,.............. SO
Arsenic, yellow....... 60 Barometer, Simple..........80
Arsenic, antidote for......... 130 Barry's Resinous Extract of
Artificial Lightning,........ 165!  Bark,...............  81
Artichoke, Jerusalem....... 226 Bark, Huxam's Tincture of. 129
Artificial Stone (Keene's Pa-  Barker's Tooth Tincture,... 242
tent),................ 269 Basilicum Ointment......... 49
Assafcetida Plaster,........ 59 Basilicon, Black.............80
Asiatic Dentifrice..........  58 Basilicon, Yellow........... 80
Asphaltum (liquid)........  59 Bates' Anodyne Balsam...... 80
Assafcetida Pills,...........309 Bateman's Itch Ointment,.. 87
Astringent Pills,.......... 591 Bath Metal,..........  " 87




ï~~INDEX.

335

Bath  pipe,...............
Baths, temperature of...,
Baynton's adhesive plaster,..
Bays, oil of..............
Bean-shot, copper......
Beef, to prepare a round of, for
boiling.................
Beef, to ascertain the quality of
Bee miller, to destroy.......
Bee, sting  of..............
Bees,.....................
Beeswax, factitious.........
Beeswax, to whiten........
Beer, amber,.............
Beer, aromatic,............
Beer, cheap............ 88,
Beer, colour and age required,
Beer, ginger.............
Beer heading..............
Beer, table.................
Beer, time required to keep...
Beer, to cure ropy..........
Beer, to give the appearance of
age  to................
Beer, to improve the flavour of
Beer, treacle..............
Bell metal,.............
Bell metal (Parisian).......
Bell's bougies............
Bengal flames.............
Beryl, factitious,.......
Bicarbonate of potass,...
Bichloride of mercury......
Bicyanide of mercury,....
Big-head in horses..........
Bilberry  wine.............
Biles,....................
Biliary calculi, remedy for...
Biniodide of mercury,.....
Biniodide of mercury (solution)
Birch  wine,...............
Bird-lime,.................
Bird-lime varnish,..........
Biscuit jelly,...............
Bistre...................
Bites and stings, lotion for...
Bitter almond water,........
Bitter almonds, essence of..
Bitter balls,.................
Bittern, brewer's..........

87 Black-ball for leather,..... 64
87 Blackberry wine,..........64
87 Black cake, to keep....... 64
87 Black currant wine,........ 64
122 Black draught,.............. 64
Black drop,.................64
98 Black dye for cotton........64
87 Black japan for leather.....  64
173 Black japan................ 64
311 Black for miniature painters,  65
192 Black hard glass,.......... 65
104 Black enamel............ 65
8 Black from colourless liquids,  293
52!Blacking balls for leather,... 65
56 Blacking, paste............  65
117 Blacking, to make..........  22
88 Black ink..................296
30 Black ink powders........  5
88 Black lead pencils,........   65
88 Black lead pencil drawings, to
88   wash................... 65
249 Black leather, to restore......  76
Black liquid,................ 65
35 Black lozenges,............  76
88 Black oil.................. 76
243 Black paint (common)..... 76
62 Black, palmer worm........ 187
62 Black pectoral lozenges,.... 76
881Black powder of platina,.... 218
62 Black reviver............. 76
62 Black sealing-wax,......... 76
62 'Black silks, to clean........  76
62 Black soap,.............. 77
62 Black spots on a white horse,  168
149 Black sprinkle for books.... 77
62 Black stain for glass.........  77
78 Black, to dye woollens..... 76
62 Black varnish,............. 77
63 Black veils, to clean........  77
63 Black  wash,..............  77
62 Bladders, to prepare......  90
631 Blancmange (lemon)....... 90
63 Blancmange, Mrs. Hoffman's  90
63 Blasting rocks.......... 308
63 Blacking to preserve leather,. 311
63 Blacking liquid,............316
63  Blaze a horse,............. 321
64 Bleeding of a wound,......  77
63 Bleached sponge,..........  )0
63  Blisters..................  79




ï~~386

INDEX.

Blistering ointment for cattle
Blistering plaster,........
Blistering plaster, compound..
Blisters for horses,.........
Blood, spitting of..........
Blood, vomiting of.........
Blood, to dissolve coagulated..
Blow-pipes, preparation for...
Blue, chemic..............
Blue enamel............
Blue fire,.................
Blue fire for rockets, &c...
Blue flame..............
Blue glass,................
Ilue ink,.................
Blue marble for books,......
Blue ointment.............
Blue paint,...............
Blue, stone, fig, thumb, &c...
Blue sealing-wax...........
Blue sprinkle for bookbinders.
Blue verditer.............
Dolv varnish,.............
Udly varnish, quick drying...
Boiled or drying oil,.........
Bologna phial,............
Bonbons,................
Boots, to clean...........
Boots, to render water-proof,..
Boot-top liquid,.............
Boquet de la reine.........
Border wax, engravers'......
Botany Bay cement, for broken
china.................
Bottle cement, common,....
Bottle glass,..............
Bottle wax, black..........
Bottle wax, red............
Bottled malt liquors, to ripen.
Bottles, instantaneous light...
Bottling wine, art of.......
Botts, cure for.......... 24,
Bougies. gum  elastic........
Bougies, white............
Bougies,................
Bougie for piles,............
Bowle's herb tea,...........
Boyle's fuming liquor,.......
Bran-beer,...............
Brandy, British cogniac.....

90 Brandy bitters.............
90 Brandy shrub..............
90 Brandy, caraway...........
168 Brandy, cherry...........
77 Brandy, orange,...........
77 Brass...................
77 Brass colour (red)..........
293  Brass. fine,...............
118  Brass for wire,............
90 Brass inlaid work, to polish.
91 Brass lacker, pale..........
91 I Brass on hard solder,...
91 Brass ornaments, to clean...
91 Brass, paste for cleaning....
296 Brass, plates of copper......
91  Brass, to clean..........
91 Brass, turner's...........
91 Brass, vessels of copper,...
279 Brazil wood paper,..........
81 Brazil wood paper, alkalized..
80 Brazil wood lake............
81 Bread, extemporaneous......
81 Bread, for one sack of flour,.
81 Bread for horses,...........
84 Bread from Iceland moss,....
84 Bread, French...........
84 Bread, good...............
85 Bread on Mrs. Cobbett's plan,
-85  Bread, patent.............
95 Breasts, hard.............
85 Breasts, sore and swelled....
85  Breath, to purify...........
Breeches balls,.............
85 Brewer's flour of coriander,...
85 Brew-house, to fit up....
85 Bricks, oil of..............
85 Bright brass colour.........
85 Brine for salting meat,...
85: Britannia metal,..........
85 Britannia ware, to clean...
85 British brandy............
167  British  oil,...............
96 British herb tobacco,......
94 Bronchitis, cure for.........
94  Bronze..................
217 Bronze, ancient..........
94 Bronze Figures, Antique ap94   pearance of.............
95  Bronze, Kellers'...........
96 Bronze ornaments, alloy for..

95
95
t04
118
199
95
95
95
95
96
97
110
29'
110
96
96
244
96
91
91
96
93
91
93
92
212
93
92
241
78
7b
98
99
98
98
98
98
98
98
47
94
101
241
66
99
99
94
99
99




ï~~INDEX

337

Bronze Powder,........... 99
Bronze Powder (red)....... 99
Bronzing Fluid,........... 99
Bronzing................ 298
Broomley's Remedy for Drunkenness,................ 99
Browning,...............  99
Brown Colour for Marbling,. 99
Brown, Hard Spirit Varnish,. 100
Brown Paint,............ 100
Brown Stout,.............  100
Brown Tincture,........... 100
Brown Stain for Glass...... 101
Brown Spirit for Book Covers, 101
Brown to Dye,........... 314
Brown under Glaze.........190
Brucine,.................100
Bruise, to prevent Swelling.. 68
Bruise,..................  78
Bruises in Horses, Lotion for. 90
Brunswick Black for Grates,  100
Bistre,.................. 208
Bole Ammoniac............ 101
Burnt Almonds,........ 100, 101
Buckwheat Cakes,...... 93
Buckthorn Paper,.......... 101
Buff Cloth, to clean........ 101
Bugs, to remove,...........  101
Bugs on Vines............ 312
Bulbous Roots, to hasten blooming...................  101
Burns, to take Fire out of... 239
Burnt Sponge, Factitious... 289
Burnt Sponge.............  326
Burton  Ale,..............  101
Button Maker's Fine Brass,.  95
Button Maker's Common Brass, 95
Butter, to clarify...........  101
Butter of Wax............ 102
Butter, to cure............  102
Butter, to improve......... 93
Butter, to remove Turnip Flavour.................. 102
Buxton Water, bottled..... 102
Cabinet Maker's Varnish,.... 102
Cakes, Buckwheat.......... 93
Cakes, Drop............. 93
Calico Printing and Dyeing,thirteen Receipts on... 36, 37
29

Callott's Soft Etching Varnish, 102
Calomel, Protociloride of Mercury..................  102
Calves' Feet Jelly..... 103, 315
Cambrian and Westphalian Essence,................  103
Cameleon Mineral,......... 103
Camomile, Oil of...... 116
Camomile Tea,........... 314
Camp Vinegar,............ 104
Camphor Cerate,.......... 102
Camphor, Oil of........... 103
Cancer, Cure for.......... 292
Candied Angelica,........  44
Candied Citron,.......... 153
Candied Orange Flowers,.... 223
Candied Sugar, to colour..... 89
Candle Wicks, to improve... 23
Candles................. 196
Candy, from Sugar.......   89
Cannon Metal,............105
Cantharides, Vinegar of..... 264
Caoutchouc, or Elastic Gum
Bougies...............  94
Caoutchouc Catheters,..... 106
Capillaire,................ 104
Capons,................. 332
Caraway Brandy,.......... 104
Caraway Cordial,.......... 104
Caraway, Factitious Oil of... 104
Caraway Water........... 104
Carbonate of Iron, Pills of... 310
Carburetted Hydrogen,...... 1 04
Carmine,................  104
Carmine, Liquid...........105
Carmine, German.......... 105
Carmine, to improve......... 105
Carminated Lake........... 105
Carminative, Dalby's....... 129
Carriage Varnish, pale...... 105
Carriage Varnish (second quality).................. 105
Casks, to keep empty ones sweet 10q
Casks, to sweeten musty.... 105
Cassia Pomade,............105
Cassia Water,............ 106
Cassolettes, scented...... 106
Cast, Engravings........., 106
Castile Soap............ 106
Castor Oil, common........ 100




ï~~838

INDEX.

Catech u Lozenges,..........
Catechu Lozenges (Portugal),
Catechu Ointment..........
Cathartic Pills, compound..
Catsup for Sea Stores,.....
Catsup, to keep twenty years.
Catsup, Tomato...........
Cattle, Lice on...........
Cattle, Wounds of.........
Caustic, Issue Peas.........
Cayenne Pepper...........
Cayenne Pepper, common...
Cayenne Pepper, crystallized
soluble...............
Cayenne Pepper, English....
Cayenne Pepper, liquid.....
Cayenne Pepper, prepared...
Cayenne Wine,............
Cedrat, Cream of.........
Cedrat, Water of..........
Cement, Fire and Water-proof
Cement, for Iron Vessels....
Cement, Iron...............
Cement, Good...........
Cement, Cheap...........
Cement for Flowers,,,.......
Cement, Parisian.........
Cement, Stone............
Cement, Diamond..........
Cement for Bells (elastic),.
Cement for Earthenware,..
Cephalic Snuff............
Cephalic Plaster...........
Cerate, Kidelano's Neutral..
Cerate, Simple............
Cerate, W hite...........
Cerate, Turner's...........
Cerate, Resin.............
Verate of Spanish Flies,....
Chalk Lozenges...........
Chalk Mixture,............
Chalk or Pencil Drawings, to
preserve...............
Chalybeate Pills...........
Chalybeate Water,.........
Chalybeate Water Powder,..
Chambers's Remed for Drunkenness,...............
Champagne, British........
Champagne, Cider,.....

106
106
106
308
107
228
57
171
308
56
106
107
107
107
107
107.
107
107
107
8
42
107
107
107
112
112
112
113
298
313
113
113
31
112
239
244
246
287
112
112
103
103
103
103
116
116
135

Catechu a I' Ambergris,.....  17
Catechu Lozenges,............ 17
Catechu with Musk,........ _ 17
Catechu with Orange Flowers.................... 117
Catechu with Violets....... 117
Champagne, Pink.......... 117
Chapped Hands, to prevent.. 68
Chapped Hands,............. 86
Chapped Hands,........... 331
Chaps in Women's Nipples,.. 68
Cheese, premium........ 55, 56
Chest Founder, Relief for.... 321
Chickens................. 305
Chilblains,......... 68, 310, 331
Children................. 68
Chin Cough, or Whooping
Cough...............    68
Chinese Packfong,......... 226
Chlorosis or Green Sickness,. 332
Choice of Fowls,........... 213
Cholera Morbus......... 68, 331
Choleric Hot Pains in Stomach,  7
Chronic Ulceration of Eyelids,
Lotion  for..............  213
Cider,...............  133, 134
Cider, cheap made,...... 135
Cider, Rules for making..... 134
Cider, Red Wine........... 135
Cider, to improve.......... 135
Cider, White Wine....... 135
Cider Vinegar.......... 135
Cinchonine............... 136
Cinnamon Cordial,......... 136
Cinnamon Drops,......... 134
Cinnamon Lozenges.....  136
Cinnamon Soap,.......... 136
Cinnamon Water,....... 136
Citrate of Iron Lozenges... 136
Citrate of Iron, Syrup of..... 153
Civette, Essence of......... 153
Coats, to Renovate...... 312
Coffee, Dandelion.......,.. 129
Coffee Drops,.............. 155
Coffee, Essence of.......... 155
Coffee, for Icing,.......... 155
Coffee, Iris or Sylvester...... 155
Coffee, Milk............ 155
Coffee, Rye.......... 155
Coffee, Substitutes fou    1 65




ï~~INDEX.

89

Coffee, to Improve.......... 155 Copal, to dissolve in Spirits. 11
Coffee, to Make and Fine.... 155 Copal Varnish........ 110, 121
Coffee, Rice................ 156 Copper, to make like Lead...  6
Coins, to take Impressions from 156 Copper, to whiten............  6
Colcothar, Red............. 156 Copper on Plate, to Brass.... 96
Cold, to Cure,.............  69  Copper, Bean Shot.........  122
Cold Cream,..............156 Copper, Feather Shot....... 122
Cold Feet, Method of prevent-  Copying Ink,.............. 122
ing................ 156, 231 Copying Paper,............ 122
Cold Liquors, to prevent bad   Coral, Artificial............ 122
effects from............. 156 Coral Tooth Powder,...... 122
Fold Water, Cure for Drinking 57 Coral Tooth Powder (real),.. 122
colds, Cure for.............305 Cordage, to represent in FireColic in  the Fit,............  69  works..................  122
Colic, Dry, to prevent.......  69  Cordial to Distil...........  123
Colic in  Children,..........  69  Cordial Draught,........... 329
Colic, Bilious.............  69  Cordial Mixture,..........  330
Colic, Habitual............  69  Cordial Drops.............  330
Colic or Gripes in Horses.... 167 Coriander Cordial,...........123
Collyrium................ 110 Corks for Bottles,.......... 28
Coloured Silks, to clean..... 110 Corn Plaster,........... 31, 123
Colourless Sealing-Wax,.... 110 Corn Solvent, H. Davy's. 123, 124
Colours, twenty-five Receipts  Corn, Seed, to improve...... 152
on................ 16, 17, 18  Cornelian  Paste  resembling
Colt's Foot, Essence of.....  110  Red...................  123
Combustion and Detonation,     Cornelian  Paste resembling
forty-two Receipts on 70, 71,72,73  White,................. 123
Common Gold,............... 193 Cornette's Purified Opium,... 123
Composition Golden Showers, 193 Cornish Refining Flux,...... 202
Composition for.Jet Fires,... 132 Cornish Reducing Flux..... 202
Compost, Substitute for Spent  Corns,............ 68, 310, 331
Ley...................  296  Cosmetic, Simple,.........  124
Compound Colours in Dyeing, 111 Costive Habit of Body,.. 228, 235
Confectionary Drops...... 111 Cotton Lace, to wash....... 308
Conitine, Solution of........ 111 Cotton, to Dye Buff on...... 315
Consumption............. 306 Cotton, to Dye Red......... 316
Consumption, Drink in...... 210 Cotton, to Dye Brown.... 316
Consumption Night Sweats,.. 224 Cotton, to Dye Purple..... 316
Consumptive Cough, Drink for 210 Cough and Short Breath,... 224
Convulsion Fits...........  23 Cough, Consumptive....... 208
Cook's Pills, a purgative..... 70 Cough, Cure for............208
Cooking Cotton Seed....... 194 Cough, Electuary for....... 222
Cooling Fever Drink....... 121 Cough in Horses,.......... 329
Copaiba, Soluble............121 Cough Medicine (Munroe's),. 177
Copaiba, Factitious Balsam of 121 Cough Mixture.... 124, 125, 328
Copaiba, Frank's Solution... 213 Cough Mixture, Ratcliffe's... 304
Copaiba  Pilis,............  309  Cough  Pills,..............  125
Copal, to dissolve in Alcohol. 42 Cough, Whooping..... 208, 329
Copal, to dissolve in Spirits of  Cough with Hoarseness,..... 208
Turpentine...............  21  Court Plaster,............  124




ï~~;340

INDEX.

Cowslip Mead.............
Cowslip Perfume, ".........
Cowslip Red Wine,........
Cowslip White Wine,......
Crabs, to Choose...........
Crayons, Lithographic......
Crayons..................
Crayon Colours, to fix......
Crayons, Species for........
Cream  Balls,..............
Cream, a Substitute for......
Cream  for Ices,............
Cream for the Hair,........
Cream of Roses,...........
Cream Coloured Glaze,......
Creme de Macaron,.........
Creme de Noyeau de Martinique,.................
Creme de Barbadoes........
Creme de Orange,..........
Crickets, to Remove........
Crimson Flame,...........
Croton Pills for Costiveness,..
Croton Soap..............
Crown Glass..............
Crystal, Glass.............
Crystal Powder,...........
Crystal Varnish...........
Crystallization of Salts - thirteen Receipts on..... 193,
Crystallized Acetic Acid,....
Crystallized Tin,...........
Cucumbers, to Pickle.......
Cucumbers, to Preserve.....
Culinary Pepper,...........
Cumin Plaster............
Cumin Water.............
Curagoa,...................
Cure for Gout, Chelsea Pensioner's................
Cure for Botts.............
Cure for Wine Drinkers....
Currants, Rob of...........
Currant Vinegar...........
Currant Wine, French method
Currie Powder,............
Currie Vinegar,............ 
Currie Wine..............
Currier's Foot Oil.........
Cut or Break Glass,........

125 Cyanide of Silver,.......... 128
125 Cypress Wine (British).... 128
125 Cytherea, Spirit of......... 289
125
125  Daffy's Elixir..............  128
12 Dalby's Carminative,.........129
125 Dampness on Walls, to remove, 129
125 Damson Wine............. 129
125 Dandelion Coffee.......... 129
125  Darby's Oil................  129
126 Dawson's Lozenges,........ 129
126 Deafness, to Cure...... 238, 294
126 Delight of the Mandarins,.... 129
126 Delphine,................. 130
191 Demulcent Electuary,....... 113
126 Demulcent Mixture,........ 113
Demulcent Powders,........ 113
126  Dentifrice, Natural,.........  114
126  Depilatory Violet,.......... 273
126 Detergent Ointment,........ 113
126 Detergent Gargle for Sore
126   Throat,.................  287
127 Develvo's Syrup,........... 113
127 Diachylon, different kinds,.. 113
127 Diamond Cement,.......... 113
127 Diaphoretic Drops,......... 324
127 Diamond, Factitious Yellow.. 260
127 Diamond, Paste resembling... 115
Diarrhoea,........... 9, 114, 260
194 Diet Tables............... 114
46  Diets,................  109, 115
103 Digestion, Powder for....... 23
127 Digestive Ointment for Cattle, 115
127  Dill W ater,...............  115
127 Dipping Metal, Yellow...... 260
127 Distance, to Estimate....... 115
127 Distemper in Dogs,......... 204
128 Distil Cordial or Spirits..... 123
Distilled Water (spoiled),.. 115
117 Distilled Water (to prevent
24   spoiling)............... 115
30 Distilled Water, to remove burnt
127   smell from..............  186
127  Diuretic Infusion..........  327
128 Diuretic Pills,.............. 330
128  Diuretics, Mild............  327
128 Diuretics, Stimulating....... 328
129 Dogs, Ointment for Sore Eyes in 204
202 Donovan's Mercurial Ointment, 137
191 Doors, to prevent Creaking,.. 131




ï~~INDEX.

141

Dorchester Ale,............ 137 Eau de Mousseline,.........157
Dover's Powder,........... 311 Eau de Taine,............. 157
Dragon's Blood, Factitious... 137 Eau Divine............... 157
Dram-drinker's Bitters...... 137 Ebony, to Stain Wood like... 157
Drawings, to Gild or Silver,.. 137 Economical House Paint, 157, 158
Dressing Ointment of Canker    Edinburgh Ale............ 158
in Horses...............  137  Edinburgh Lozenges,.......  158
Dressing Ointment for Cattle,. 137 Effervescing Soluble Tartar,.. 287
Drink in Consumption,..... 210  Eggs, Oil of...............  158
Drink for Invalids,..........  109  Eggs, Portable.............  158
Drowning, to afford assistance  Egg Powder T'est.......... 158
in case of................ 139 Eggs, Receipts for Preserving 32, 40
Druggist's Colours......... 138 Egyptian Marble for BookDrunkenness, Chambers's Re-      covers................. 159
medy  for...............  116  Elaine, to obtain  pure.......  158
Drunkenness, to cure a fit of. 138 Elderberry Paper Alkalized,.. 159
Dry Colic, to prevent....... 69 Elderberry Wine,.......... 159
Ducks, to choose........... 138 Elder-Flower Water........ 158
Dulcified Spirits of Nitre.... 327 Elder Flowers, Oil of....... 159
Dupuytren's Eye Salve..... 139 Elder or Green Oil..... 159, 160
Dupuytren'sPomatum,...... 139 Election Cake.............. 175
Dutch Currant Wine,....... 139 Elemi Gum, Ointment of.... 160
Dutch Drops............... 138 Elephant's Milk,........... 160
Dutch White Lead......... 139 Elixir of Vitriol,........... 86
Dye, Black, for Cotton,...... 64 Embalming, French method.. 188
Dye Bones any colour,......... 30 Embrocation for Sore Throat,. 289
Dye Brown Silk........... 314 Embroidery, &c., to Clean... 160
Dye, Grey or Red Hair Black  70 Emerald, Factitious........ 160
Dye for Nankin,...........  41  Emetic Cups..............  160
Dye Pink on Silk..........  314  Emetine..................  175
Dye Wood (Red)........ 25, 26 Enamel, Blue............. 90
Dyeing, Compound Colours in 111 Enamel Colours. Fluxes for.. 175
Dye in Gold and Silver Medals, 25 Enamel, White............ 175
Dyeing Leather..........   38 Engravings, Case.......... 106
Dyer's Spirit.............. 139 Entomologist's Cement,..... 175
Dyes,...................  316  Eringo, Candied...........  175
Dyes for Ivory,..............27 Escape from a Room on fire,. 199
Dysentery................. 330  Eschalotte Sauce..........  175
Esprit de Suave,...........  175
Eagle Marine, Paste resembling 139 Essence of Jasmin...........175
Ear, Pain in.......... 238, 239 Essence of Musk.......... 178
Earthenware Varnish,....... 139 Essence of Neroli..........  54
Earths, twelve receipts on.... 75 Essence of Orange Peel,..... 175
East India Pomatum,....... 139 Essence of Peppermint,..... 176
Eau de Barbadoes......... 139 Essentia Bina............. 175
Eau de Boquet,............ 139 Essentia Odorifera.......... 176
Eau de Cologne (Farina's),.. 139 Essential Cil from Flowers,.. 31
Eau de Luce,.............  157  Essex  Ale................  175
Eau de Melisse............. 157 Etching Fluid for Ivory..... 28
Eau de Mille Fleurs,........ 157 Etching on Copper, Fluid for. 76
29*




ï~~342

INDEX.

Etching on Steel, Acid for... 176
Etching Varnish for Ivory,... 28
Ether, Acetic..............  34
Ether, Sulphuric...........  34
Ethiop's Mineral,..........  34
Euphorbium Plaster........ 211
Excoriations, Ointment, &c. for 211
Expectorant Pills,..........  211
Extract of Nosegay........ 211
Extract of Peach Blossom,... 211
Extract of Wormwood, sweet. 283
Extracts, to make..........  211
Eye Ointment and Water, 213, 272
Eyelids, Lotions and Ointments
for....................213
Eyes, time of wearing spectacles, 288
Eyesight, to preserve........ 213
Fac Similes of Signatures,... 215
Faded Flowers, to restore.... 202
Fatten  Pigs...............  66
Feather-shot Copper....... 122
Feet, Cold, to prevent....... 231
Fennel Water, sweet....... 283
Ferruginous Lozenges...... 231
Ferruginous Powder,.........231
Fever and Ague, remedy for.. 310
Fever Diet...............  109
Fevers, Drinks in.......... 323
Files and  Rasps...........  294
Filtering Bags for Wine, &c., 231
Fining Powder............ 232
Finings, Wine, Beer, &c..... 231
Fire, Blue................  90
Fire-eating, Art of..........  232
Fire in Chimneys.......... 232
Fire, to escape from a burning
room..................  199
Fire, to extinguish... 154, 199
Filbert Ice Cream,......... 199
Fire, to prevent haystacks catching....................  199
Fired Stables, to bring Horses
from.................... 232
Fish, method of preserving alive 200
Vish Oil for Painting........ 200
Fish  Sauce................  199
Fish, to preserve...........  200
Fistula in Cattle, Ointment for 200

Fistula in Horses,...... 160, 152
Fit, Raging...............  79
Fixed Brilliants, comp. for... 200
Fixed Stars, composition for.. 200
Flash,..................... 200
Flatulency after Eating..... 200
Flaxseed Tea.............. 314
Flesh Colour for Staining Glass, 200
Flexible Asphaltic Roofing,.. 116
Flies....................  306
Flies, Poison for............  201
Flies, Powder to destroy..... 200
Flies, to remove from Rooms.. 201
Flint Glass...............  201
Flint Powder,.............  201
Floating Soap..............201
Flour of Mustard, common... 201
Flour Paste,..............  201
Flour, to improve new seconds, 201
Flour, to keep............. 201
Flowers of Ointment,....... 202
Flowers, to gather and preserve 202
Flowers, to preserve in salt.. 201
Fluids for marking Ivory.... 27
Flute Key Valves, alloy for.. 202
Flux, Cornish Refining, &c... 202
Flux, white................ 202
Fluxes, for Enamel Colours.. 175
Fly  in  Sheep.............  23
Foils for Crystals, Pastes, &c., 202
Foot Oil, Curriers'.......... 202
Foot Rot, Ointment for..... 202
Formic Acid, or Acid of Ants 202
Founder, Cure for...... 308, 321
Fowle's Mineral Lotion.... 202
Foxed Beer, to Cure,....... 211
Freckles, to remove...... 86, 211
French Bread.............. 212
French Marble, for Books.... 212
French Polish.............. 232
French Pommade,........... 233
French Rolls...............  233
French  Salop.............  233
French Sealing-Wax....... 233
Frescoe Painting.......... 2u3
Frigorific Mixture,......... 234
Frit, W hite...............  234
Frontignac, English........ 234
Frost Counteracted.......  293
Frosted Beer, to restore..... 234-1




ï~~INDEX.                         343
Fungi, Remedy for Poisoning    Ginger Pop............... 132
from................... 169 Glass, Flesh Colour for Staining 200
Furniture Balls,............  169  Glass, Flint..............  201
Furniture Cream,.......... 169 Glass in Powdel,........... 196
Furniture Oil,.............  169  Glass, to Break or Cut......  191
Furniture Paste,............170 Glass, to remove panes of.... 226
Furniture Varnish.......... 170 Glaze, Bronze, under........ 19C
Furs, to preserve from Moths. 170 Glaze, China...............190
Fusible Ahloy,............. 170 Glaze, Cream Coloured..... 191
Glaze, Purple, under........ 191
Galbanum, Factitious........171 Glaze, White............. 191
Galbanum Plaster......... 171 Gum Paste for Gilding on ConGall, Prepared Ox........... 171  fectionary,..............  191
Gapes in Chickens.........  23 Gloves, Perfume for........ 191
Gardening in Ceylon.......  66 Gloves, to Clean, Wash-leather 329
Garnet, Factitious,......... 171 Gloves, to Wash Hoskin, &c., 327
Gas, Hydrogen............ 130 Gloves, White Leather, to clean 312
Gases, twenty-six Receipts on  Gold Coloured Sealing-Wax,. 192............82, 83, 84 Gold, Common............ 193
Geese, to Choose...........  171  Gold Cordial..............  192
Gentianine...............  171  Gold  for Dentists,..........  192
German Paste, for Birds... 172 Gold, Imitation of........... 293
German Silver......... 171, 172 Gold in Grain............. 192
German Silver for Castings,.. 172 Gold in Powder........... 149
German Silver for Rolling,... 172 Gold Lace, to Clean........ 149
German White Lead.........172 Gold Lacker............... 149
Gild, Carps, Crawfish, &c.,.. 15 Gold Lustres for Stone Ware,. 149
Gild, Copper, Brass, &c.... 172 Gold, Ointment of Soda, ChloGild, Glass and Porcelain,...  190  ride of.................  150
Gild Ivory,................ 28 Gold, or Molu, or Mosaic.... 226
Gild, on Calf and Sheep Skins  25 Gold or Yellow Paste,...... 149
Gild or Silver, Leather,...... 38 Gold Shells............... 150
Gild or Silver, writing....... 259 Gold Showers, Composition.. 193
Gilded Articles, Varnish for.. 173 Gold Size,.................150
Gilder's W ax.............  173  Gold  Solder,..............  150
Gilding Metal,............. 189 Gold Sprinkle for Books,.... 150
Gilding upon Silver.......... 5 Gold, to separate from Gilt CopGin,.....................  173  per,....................  192
Gin  Cordial,..............  173  Gold Varnish,............  151
Gin, English..............  173  Goldbeater's Skins,.........  191
Gin Wine................ 190 Golden Sulphuret of Antimony, 192
Ginger Beer,............ 30, 173  Green, Sap..............  150
Ginger Beer, bottled........ 189 Gum of Violets,............ 113
Gingerbread............. 93, 189 Ginger Drops,............. 295
Ginger Cake,.............. 190 Ginger Essence............ 150
Ginger, Candied........... 190 Ginger Lozenges,.......... 259
Ginger Candy.............. 190 Gooseberry Vinegar........151
Ginger Drops,............. 190 Gooseberry Wine,... 151, 252
Ginger, Essence of......... 190 Goulard's Extract........... 151
Ginger Lozenges............190 Goulard's Ointment,...... 15




ï~~844

INDEX.

Gowland's Lotion......... 152
Grafting.................  6
Grain, to correct Damaged... 152
Grain, to correct Musty...... 174
Grain, to Economize........ 66
Grain, to Preserve..........  152
Grain, to prevent from Vermin 157
Grape Wine............ 152
Grapes, Cultivation of... 297, 298
Grapes, to prevent falling off. 152
Gravel.................... 309
Gravel, Pills for............  152
Grease Balls,..............  152
Grease Ointment,........... 203
Grecian Gilding,........... 214
Greek Fine,............... 214
Greek Hair Dye,........... 214
Green Balsam............. 214
Green Basilicon........... 214
Green, Composition for Tree
Fire Works,............ 214
Green Corn, to preserve..... 308
Green Enamel,............ 214
Green Flame,.............  214
Green  Glaze,..............  214
Green Ink,................ 214
Green, Magnificent......... 214
Green Marble for Book Covers, 215
Green  Oil,................. 215
Green  Paint,..............  215
Green Peas in Winter,..... 215
Green Precipitate,..........215
Green Sealing-Wax,........ 215
Green Soft Wax,.......... 286
Green Sprinkle for Books.... 215
Green Stain for Glass....... 216
Griidstone, Composition for.. 216
Grosvenor's Tooth Powder,.. 216
Ground for Metallic Lustres,.. 216
Grouts,..................  216
Grubs in Horses,.........23, 226
Gruel W ater,..............  315
Gum  Lozenges,............ 216
Gum Plaster, Compound.... 216
Gun  Metal...............  216
Gunpowder, 5 different kinds of 216
Gut Skins, Prepared........ 216
Hair, Baldness prevented..  5
Hlair Curling Liquid,........ 29

Hair Dye,............. 229, 231
Hair for Wigs............. 229
Hair Powder, Brown....... 229
Hair Powder, Musk........ 178
Hair Powder, Perfume for... 229
Hair Powder, Plain......... 229
Hair Powder, various perfumes 229
Hair, to make grow thick.... 296
Hair, to prevent falling off...  5
Ham, to Boil..............  56
Hams, to Cure............. 24
Hams, to preserve in hot climates..................  230
Hands, Dry for Delicate Purposes..................  220
Hazlenut Kisses,............29
Hard Breasts,.............  78
Hard White Metal......... 231
Hartshorn Blancmange,..... 230
Hartshorn Drink........... 230
Hartshorn Jelly,........... 230
Harvey's Sauce............ 231
Headache, Cure for...... 15, 231
Health, Bcerhaave's Rules for
Preservation  of...........  230
Health, Rules for Preserving,.. 230
Heart-ache, Indian Cure for.. 29ti
Heartburn Lozenges,....... 245
Heel Balls, for Leather...... 245
Heel Ointment, for Cattle.... 245
Hellebore, White Ointment of 245
Hematine,................ 245
Hemlock Ointment,......... 245
Hemmet's Tooth Powder,.... 245
Hens, to Lay Perpetually,.... 168
Herb Tea, Bowles.......... 91
Herbs, to Gather and Preserve 246
I'Herrings, to Choose........ 245
Hiccough, Powder for........23
Hide-bound, Remedy for..... 138
Hiera Picra,...............  245
Hive Syrup................ 312
Hoarseness................  208
Hollands, English Imitation of 245
Hollands, Schiedam's Process, 245
Honey, Balsam of Pectoral.. 246
Honey Butter.............. 246
Honey, to Clarify,.......... 246
Honey, to Preserve Seeds in.. 24fi
Honey Water,............ 246




ï~~INDEX.

34v

Honey Wine,............. 53
Hooks or Haws........... 167
Horn  Ail,.................  24
Horseradish, to Preserve..... 23
Horses, Big Head in........ 149
Horses, Botts in............  307
Horses, Fistula in...... 150, 152
Horses,Ointment for galled backs 307
Horses, Ointment to stop feet of 231
Horses, to prevent flies teasing 307
Huile Antique aux Mille Fleurs, 181
Huile Antique Rouge a la Rose, 181
Huile Antique Verte......... 181
Huile de Venus,...........  181
Hungary Water,........... 181
Husbandry, Sheep.......... 74
Huxam's Tincture of Bark,.. 129
Hydriodate, Potash Tincture of 130
Hydrogen, Flame.......... 294
Hydrogen Gas............. 130
Hydrochlorate of Morphia,... 130
Hydrophobia, to Cure.... 259, 295
Ice  Cream,................  132
Ice House, Portable.........132
Ice, to procure.............  132
Iceland Moss, to improve.... 132
Impermeable Varnish....... 132
Incombustible Cloth,......... 132
Indian Ink................. 161
Indian Meal Cakes.........  98
Indian Rubber, water-proof.. 161
Indigestion, Abernethy's Pills for 49
Induret of Sulphur........  54
Inflamed Eyes............. 309
Inflammations.............. 306
Ipecacuanha Lozenges,...... 161
Injection, Laxative.........  321
Injection, Metallic Anatomical 161
Injection of Starch,......... 322
Injection, Purgative,.... 321, 322
Ink, Blue............... 8, 296
Ink, China................  119
Ink, Copying..............  122
Ink, Exchequer............  161
Ink, Green................  214
Ink, Indelible, for marking... 162
Ink, Indestructible.......... 162
Ink, Lithographic..........  12
Ink  Powder,..............  18

Ink, Red................ 8, 204
Ink, for Tombstones.........205
Ink, to prevent Mould in..... 162
Ink, to remove Oiliness from. 162
Ink, Yellow...............  277
Inks, Black.... 5, 8, 161,204, 296
Inks, Sympathetic, eleven receipts on............. 97, 162
Insects on Trees, Vines, &c., to
destroy.............. 162, 273
Intestines for Sausages, to pre.
pare..................... 266
Invalids, Drink for......... 109
Iodic  Acid.................  162
Iodine as a Medicine,....... 294
Iodide of Lead...........   54
Iodide of Mercury........... 54
Iodide of Mercury, Ointment of 54
Iodine, Ointment of......... 312
Iodide of Potassium, Compound
Solution  of...............  54
Iodide of Sulphuret, Ointment of 54
Iodine, Solution of..........  54
Iodine, Tincture of......... 54
Ipecacuanha Lozenges,...... 55
Iron Cement,.............. 107
Iron, Compound Pills of..... 310
Iron Moulds, to Extract.. 54, 316
Iron Paper, Persulphate of... 55
Iron Paper, Protosulphate of.. 55
Iron, Pills of Carbonate of... 310
Iron, Plaster of Peroxide of.. 204
Iron Solder,...............  55
Iron, Syrup of Citrate of.... 153
Iron, to prevent Rusting....  25
Iron, to Temper............  25
Isinglass Jelly............... 55
Isinglass Size,.............  55
Isle of White Sauce.......... 55
Issue Peas................  55
Issue Plaster............... 14
Italian Varnish............  14
Itch Ointment.......... 14, 130
Itching Chilblains, Lotion for. 14
Ivory, to Dye when soft....  26
Ivory, to Soften............  26
Ivory, to Whiten........... 2,
James's Powder,.......... 131
Japan for Leather. Black..  4




ï~~46

INDEX.

Japan Colouring for book covers 131 Lead, Ointment of white oxide of 38
Japan Grounds............ 313 Lead Paper, Acetate of...... 38
Japan, Liquid, for boots & shoes  11 Lead Paper, Subacetate of...  38
Japan, (liquid), for Metals... 131 Lead, Plaster of white oxide ot  38
Japanese Cement or Rice Glue, 131 Lead, Solution of Subacetate of 50
Japanner's Copal Varnish,... 131 Lead, Venetian white....... 38
Japanner's Gold Size....... 131 Lead, White, Factitious..... 254
Jasmin, Oil of............. 131 Leaden Tree..............  38
Jasmin Pommade (French),.. 131 Leather, to gild or silver..... 38
Jelly of Alum or Hydrate of     Leaves, to collect and preserve  162
Alumina................  164  Lee's Antibilious Pills,......  57
Jerusalem Artichoke,........ 226 Lemon Acid, Crystallized.... 163
Jew's Lozenges............. 132 Lemon Brandy........ 163, 314
Jeweller's Metal,...........  166  Lemon  Cordial.............  164
Jonquille Perfume,......... 54 Lemon Drops.............. 163
Jonquille, Perfumer's Oil of.. 54 Lemons, Essential Salt of.... 164
Jonquille Pommade........  54 Lemon Juice, Factitious..... 164
Jumbles,..................  14  Lemon  Peel, Candied.......  164
Juniper Berry Wine.......  14 Lemon Peel, Essence of..... 164
Juniper Water............. 14 Lemon Peel Water..........164
Lemon Pickle.............. 164
Kalydor for the Complexion,. 27 Lemon Sugar............. 164
Kerme's Mineral...........  31 Lemon Wine,............. 164
Kidder's Spice.............  31 Lemonade, various kinds.... 163
Letter Gauge, Mercurial.... 39
Labdanum Plaster.........  32 Letters, to Disinfect.........165
Lac Varnish, Cheap........ 32 Light Phial for night use.... 165
Lace, to wash......... 311,325 Lightning, to Escape from... 165
Lace Veils, to wash..... 325, 326 Lightning, to produce Artificial 165
Lactate of Iron, Lozenges...  32 Lilies, Oil of, Factitious..... 165
Lactate of Iron, Pills........ 32 Lime Water,.............. 165
Lactate of Iron, Syrup.......32 Limpidum to adapt Common
Lake Madder,............. 182   Ink to Steel Pens,........ 165
Lake, to give shades of colour to 32 Linen, Water-proof......... 166
Lambs, to judge quality of... 32 Linseed Lozenges........... 166
Lampas, Cure for...........321 Linseed Oil, Factitious...... 166
Lances, Composition for..... 33 Lip Salve, " la Rose, &c..... 166
Lapiz Lazuli, Factitious.... 32 Liqueur Orgeat............. 166
Lard, to preserve pure........33 Liquid Blue, superb........ 283
Lardner's Prepared Charcoal,. 33 Liquid Glue............... 191
Laurel Water..............  33 Liquid Laudanum,......... 283
Lavender, Compound Spirits of 330 Liquodilla..................11
Lavender Lozenges,.........33 Liquor of Libavius.......... 12
Lavender, Oil of...........  33  Liquor Opii Sedativus.......  11
Lavender Water...........  33 Liquorice Lozenges,......... 11
Lozenges for the Heartburn,..  33 Liquorice, Refined.......... 247
Lead Colour..............  38 Lisbon Wine, to manage....  12
Lead, Common White..... 253 Lithographic Crayons,......   t2
Lead Dust................  38 Lithographic Ink........ 12, 293
Lead in Grains............  38  Litmus Paper, blue.........  11




ï~~INDEX.

347

Litmus Paper, reddened.....
Livers of Sulphur,..........
Livers of Sulphur, liquid.....
1,obelia, Tincture of........
Lobsters, to Choose.........
Located B-lsam.............
Locked Jaw,..............
London Madeira...........
Looseness,................
Lord Stanford's Oils,........
Lotion for Bites and Stings,..
Lotion for Sore Legs......
Lotion, Refrigerant.........
Lovage,.................
Lozenges, Chalk...........
Lozenges, Cough,..........
Lozenges of Citrate of Iron,..
Lozenges, Gum............
LEpinine...................
Lutes....................
Lycopodium,..............
Macaroni.................
Macaroni Cordial,.........
Macassar Oil,..............
Mace, Factitious Oil of......
Macquer's Acid Soap.....
Madder Lake.............
Madeira, British...........
Madeira, to Fine...........
Magelp...................
M agnesia..................
Magnesia, Calcined.........
Magnesia, Henry's..........
Magnesia, Liquid Carbonated.
Magnesia Lozenges,........
Magnesia, Prepared Carb. of..
Magnesian Aperient,......
Maggots in Living Animals,..
Mahogany Stain for Wood,..
Mahogany, to take Stains out
of.....................
Mahogany Varnish.........
Mallow-Flower Paper,.....
Malmsley, English.........
Malt Vinegar.............
Mange, Remedy for..... 138,
Manheim Gold.............
Manna. Factitious..........
Manna t iregar,.............

11  Manure,.................. 236
11 Manuscripts, Old, to renovate,. 174
11 Map Colours,.............. 174
325  Marasquin,................  174
181 Marasquin de Groseilles,..... 176
181 Marble a Glass Globe,.......  15
296 Marble for Books,...... 185, 212
182  Marble, to Clean........... 185
226  Marble, to Stain............  185
181 Marble, White, to Stain..... 40
63 Marbled Sealing-wax,..... 185
287 Marbled Soap-balls,......... 185
246 Mareschal Pomatum.... 185, 195
182 Mareschal Powder......... 195
112  Margavic Acid,............  195
125 Marjoram Water,.......... 195
136  Marking Ink,..............  195
216 Marmalade, Transparent..... 195
181  Marshall's Cerate,..........  195
22 Marshall's Geritar Vegetabilis, 195
181 Marshall's Mixed Oils,...... 196
Marsh-mallow Lozenges.... 196
182 Marsh-mallow Ointment,..   196
181 Mash, to make.............. 170
182 Mastic Varnish,............ 196
182 Matches, instantaneous light.. 207
182 Mayence Base, or Strass..... 280
182 Meadow, Sweet Essence of... 207
182 Meat Pickle,.............. 207
182 Meat, to Preserve............ 207
182 Medal Alloy, Keller's....... 207
70 Medallion Wafers,......... 207
183 Medicine, Rules to administer. 207
183 Melilot Plaster for Horses,... 208
183 Melilot Suet or Ointment,.... 207
183 Modelling Wax,........... 283
183 Mercurial Letter Guage.... 39
183 Mercurial Liniment,........13
204 Mercurial Ointment,..... 13, 269
183 Mercurial Pills,.............. 311
Mercurial Plaster..........  13
183 Mercury, Cerate of.........  13
183 Mercury, Nitrated Ointment of 184
183 Mercury, Ointment of Proto184   Oxide of...............  13
264  Metal for Medals............  13
176 Metal, Hard White........ 231
176 Metal, Onion's Fusible..... 198
174 Metallic Lustres, Ground for.. 216
174 Metallic Varnish for Coaches, 2a9




ï~~348                        INDEX.
Metals, 79 Receipts on 141, 142, 143, Nail growing in the Toe, to
144, 145, 146, 147, 148  prevent.................  296
Metheglin,............... 209 Nankin Dye.............. 41
Mice, to drive away......... 209 Nap, to raise on Cloth...... 41
Microscopic Cement,........ 209 Naples, Yellow.............40
Microcosmic Salt,.......... 209 Napoleon's Pectoral Pills.... 41
Mildew in Wheat, to prevent. 187 Narcissus Pommade........... 41
Mildew, to take out of Linen. 298 Necklace, Anodyne.......... 41
Milk  of Roses.............  209  Nectar,...................  41
Milk of W ax,.............  210  Neroli, Essence of.........  51
Milk Sickness, Cure for..... 43 Newmarket Oil,............ 41
Milk, Substitute for......... 209 Night-mare, to prevent...... 41
Milk, Sugar of............ 210 Nine Oils, or Mixed Oils.... 41
Milk, to preserve........... 221  Nitrate of Silver, Pills of.....  184
Milk, toremove turnip flavour  Nitrated Ointment of Mercury, 41
from...................  221  Nitre Drops,..............  184
Millefleurs, Perfume........ 209 Nitre Lozenges............ 184
Millefleurs, Pomatum..... 210 Nitrous Lozenges,.......... 329
Miner's Lamp.............  39 Norfolk Fluid............. 184
Mineral Marmaratum for filling  Noyeau................... 184
Decayed Teeth,.......... 221 Nutmeg Lozenges,......... 184
Mineral Tincture of Bark.... 221 Nutmeg Water............. 184
Mint Water............... 221 Nux Vomica, alcoholic ext. of 197
Miscellaneous Receipts, fourteen 108
Miser's Sauce.............. 221 Oats, to save in feeding Horses 184
Mixed Wine.............. 221 Odontalgic Paste,.......... 197
Mock Turtle............... 221 Odour Delectabilis......... 198
Morella Wine.............. 222 Odours, Unpleasant, to remove 197
Morice Metallique,..........222 Odoriferous Esprit.......... 197
Morphia, Hydrochlorate of... 130 Oil, Black................ 76
Morphia, Solution of Sulphate of 222 Oil, Boiled or Dyeing....... 84
Mortar,...................  307  Oil, British, or Oil of Petre..  101
Morveau's Reducing Flux,... 222 Oil Colour Cakes.......... 198
Mosaic Gold or Molu,....... 222 Oil Colours in bladders or bags, 197
Mosaic Gold, Parker's....... 222 Oil, Common Castor....... 106
Mosquitoes, to prevent biting. 278 Oil, Krumboltz.............31
Moths, to keep from Clothing  222 Oil, Linseed, Factitious..... 166
Mottled W ash-balls........  176  Oil of Bricks.............  98
Mould in Ink, to prevent.... 176 Oil of Camphor........... 103
Moutarde, Superbe......... 176 Oil of Camomile........... 116
Mull White Wine.......... 323 Oil of Cassia, Perfumer's.... 197
Muriate of Morphia,........ 222 Oil of Eggs............... 158
Muriate of Tin............ 279 Oil of Elder Flowers....... 159
Mushrooms, to Pickle....... 177 Oil of Lavender, Reduced.... 33
Mustard, Common Flour of.. 201 Oil of Lilies, Factitious...... 165
Mustard, Essence of........ 246 Oil of Mucilages........... 176
Mustard, Potent............ 293 Oil of Tartar.............. 197
Musty Grain, to restore...... 174 Oil, one oz. equal to a pound of
Musty Wine, to restore...... 258  any other............... 25
Myrtle Flower, Water....... 174 Oil, to extract from boards... 07




ï~~INDEX.

349

Oil, to extract from marble... 197 Orange-Flowers, Pommade of  224
Oil to prevent pictures blackening 25 Orange Lake.............. 224
Oil, to purify.............. 42 Orange Marmalade, Candied.. 223
Oil Varnish, Common...... 197 Orange-Peel, Candied....... 224
Oils,.....................  197  Orange-Peel, W ater........  224
Oils, to colour red..........  40 Orange Pomatum...... 224, 225
Oils, mixed...............  41  Orange Stain, for Glass......  225
Oils, Radley's mixed........ 303 Orange Wine............. 225
Ointment, Blistering, for Cattle  96 Oranges, Spirit of.......... 225
Ointment, Detergent........ 113 Orchard, Reasons for Planting 233
Ointment, Digestive, for Cattle 113 Orgeat.................... 227
Ointment, Elder or Green.... 159 Orgeat Paste............... 225
Ointment, Family Basilicum. 49 Originum, Oil of,Factitious.. 225
Ointment, Simple....... 49, 198 Oriental Pomatum.......... 225
Ointment for Canker in Horses, 137 Oriental Ruby, Factitious.... 225
Ointment for Chaps and Erup-  Oriental Rusma,........... 225
tions....................198  Or-Molu or Mosaic Gold,.... 226
Ointment for the Mange.... 176 Orris Lozenges............. 226
Ointment for Sore Eyes in Dogs 204 Otto of Roses.............. 225
Ointment for the Foot Rot,... 102 Ox-Gall, Prepared...... 171, 226
Ointment of Ammonia,......  43 Oxide of Tin,........... 220
Ointment of Opium,........ 199 Oxycroceum.............. 226
Ointment of Soda, Chloride of  Oxygen Gas,.............. 227
Gold...................  150  Oyster Catsup............  227
Ointment of White Hellebore, 245 Oyster Powder,.............227
Ointment of white oxide of lead, 33 Oysters, Artificial.......... 24
Old Pictures, to strengthen.. 198 Oysters, Vegetable, to prepare. 98
Onion's Fusible Metal....... 198
Onions, to Pickle.......... 198 Packfong, Chinese.......... 227
Opake White Paste......... 198 Pain, Colic in the Side...... 238
Opal, Factitious............ 198 Pain in the Ear,............ 238
Opium, Extract of.......... 198 Pain in the Side, Ointment for 237
Opium, Howbey and Baume's 198 Pain in Stomach from bad diOpium  Plaster............  199  gestion.................  78
Opium, Purified............ 199 Pain in Stomach with coldness
Opium, Strained...........  199  and wind,...............  78
Opiate for the Teeth,........  220  Paint, Blue...............  91
Opiate Pills............... 330 Paint for Sail Cloth, water-proof 252
Orangeade................. 314 Paint or Grease to extract... 227
Orange Brandy,...........  199  Paint, Pearl Grey..........  158
Orange Colour for Sprinkling  Paint, to take out of a dress.. 307
Books............. 223, 225 Paint, Water-proof......... 227
Orange Cordial............. 223  Paint, W hite.......... 157, 253
Orange-Flower Drops....... 223 Painter's Cream............ 227
Orange-Flower Paste....... 223 Paints, to mix............ 227
Orange-Flower Pastilles..... 223 Pale Sherry, Fine.......... 227
Orange-Flower Soap,....... 223 Panada,.................. 323
Orange-Flower, Water...... 224 Paper, Alkalized Brazil wood. 91
Orange-Flowers, Candied.... 223 Paper, Alkalized Elderberry.. 159
Orange-Flowers, perfumer's oilof 223 Pape*, Black edge.........22
30




ï~~350                        INDEX.
Paper, Brazil wood......... 91 Permanent Ink, black....... 204
Paper, Copying........... 122 Permanent Ink, red......... 204
Paper, Fire-proof........... 228 Permanent White.......... 204
Paper for Draughtsmen,... 228 Peroxide of Iron, Plaster of... 204
Paper of Safety, French... 228 Perpetual Ink, for Tombstones 205
Paper or Parchment, to Stain. 228 Persian Cream............. 205
Paper that resists moisture,... 235 Pew's Composition for Buildings 20h
Paper, to extract Grease from. 235 Pewter.................. 205
Paper, to Gild the Edges.... 235 Phosphorus.................205
Paper, Waxed............. 235 Phosphorus Bottles,........ 205
Papier Mache..............  235  Picalilly...................206
Paracelsus Plaster......... 235 Pickle for Meat, liquid..... 205
Parchment Glue,........... 191 Pickling Salt............... 206
Paregoric.................  62  Picture Varnish,...........  206
Parisian Cement........... 112 Pills, Cough,..............125
Parsnip Sugar............. 236 Pills, Expectorant.......... 211
Paste de Guimauve........ 237 Pills for Lactate of Iron,..... 32
Paste for cleaning Metals,....  13 Pills for Obstructed MenstruaPaste, full Blue............  236  tion,.................  12, 13
Paste, Opake white......... 236 Pills for Painful Menstruation,  12
Paste resembling the Chrysolite, 133 Pills for Shortness of Breath,. 210
Pastilles,   la Rose......... 236 Pills of Nitrate of Silver.... 184
Pastilles, t la Vanilla....... 236 Pills to promote the Menstrual
Pastilles, Explosive.........  237  Secretion...............  12
Patent Malt or Porter Colouring 237 Piles, Bougie for........... 217
Patent Yellow,............  237  Piles, Cure for.............  258
Peach  Brandy,............  237  Piles, Injection for..........  206
Peach  Trees,..............  325  Piles, Lotion for............  218
Peach Wine............... 237 Piles, Ointment for......... 266
Peach Worm,............. 151 Pimento Water,............ 218
Pearl Powder for Complexion, 237 Pinchbeck................. 218
Pearl Soft Soap,........... 238  Pink Dye,............ 218, 314
Pearl W ater,..............  238  Pink Saucers,.............  218
Pearl W hite,..............  238  Piperine.................  218
Pearls, Tincture of......... 238  Piquante Sauce,........... 218
Pectoral Drink,............. 315  Pistachio Cream,........... 218
Pectoral Drink for Consumption 210 Pitch Plaster, Compound... 217
Pectoral Emulsion......... 328 Plain Paste or Strass,....... 236
Pectoral Lozenges,.. 238, 253, 330 Plaster, Adhesive Spread.... 217
Pectoral Mixture........... 328 Plaster, Blistering..........  90
f encil Drawings, to preserve.. 103 Plaster Casts, Tranfer EngraPennyroyal W ater,.........  203  vings to................  217
'epper, Black, Marston'sprep'n 204 Plaster, Defensive.......... 2
Pepper Ointment, Black.... 204 Plaster for Horses.......... 217
Peppermint Cordial,.........203 Plaster in Paper, to detect.... 235
Peppermint Lozenges,....... 203 Plaster of Oxide of Lead,.... 38
Peppermint, Oil of......... 203  Plate Powder.............  217
Peppermint Water......... 203 Plate, to Clean.............217
Perfume Bags, for Drawers... 204 Platina, Black Powder of.... 218
Perftme for Gloves,......... 191 Platina for Springs,......... 217




ï~~INDEX.:351

Platina, Imitation,......... 273 Potass, Pure or Caustic.... 292
Platina Mohr.............. 273 Potass, Subcarbonate of...... 292
Plating, Mercurial..........  273  Potass W ater..............  293
Plummner's Alterative Powder, 275 Potato Crop, mode of increasing 151
Poison for Flies...........  201  Potatoes, Sugar of..........  292
Point Lace, to Clean........ 274  Potatoes, Sweet............  148
Polish  for Boots............  311  Potatoes, W atery..........  305
Polish, French............. 232 Poudre Subtil, to remove Hair 292
Pomatuin, Plain Hard....... 274 Poultices, Bread, Hop, &c... 322
Pomatum, Plain Soft........ 274 Poultices or Fomentations,... 168
Pomatum, Roll............ 274 Powder for Digestion.......  23
Pomatum, Soft............274 Powder for dizziness in the head, 24
Pomatum, Soft Mareschal.... 195 Powder, Gold in............ 149
Pomatum, Violet........... 273  Powder of Cassia...........  5
Pommade a la Rose,........ 274 Powder, to Clean Gold Lace.. 149
Pommade a la Vanilla,......  275  Powder, Violet.............  273
Pommade aux Fleurs....... 275 Powell's Diuret Drops,....... 14
Pommade avec l'Hydriodate de   Powell's Opium.............. 27
Potasse,...............  292  Pradier's Cataplasmrn,........  27
Pommade d'Or,............ 276 Precipitate Ointment, white.. 254
Pommade de Deuto-lIodure de     Precipitate, White.......... 253
Mercure................ 275 Plum Pudding, - A Natioial
Pommade de Hydriodate de            Plum Pud in,......... 28
Potasse............... 292 Peppermint Drops.......... 234
Pommade de la Jasmin..... 274 Premium Cheese........ 55, 56
Pommade de la Jeunesse,.... 275 Preparation for Tortoise Shell,  25
Pommade de Orange,...... 275 Prepared Chalk,............ 28
Pommade de Proto-Iodure de     Priming Powder.............29
Mercure...............  275  Primrose Vinegar,..........  29
Pomnimade de Veratrine,...... 263 Prince's Metal............. 289
Pommade Divine,.......... 275 Printing Ink,.............. 290
Pommade Dye for the Hair,.. 276 Prints and Drawings to resemPommade, French.......... 233    ble Old Paintings,........ 290
Pommade, Violet........... 273 Prismatic Diamond Crystals for
Pontiff's Sauce,.............. 276  Windows.............. 254
Poppy Water, white........ 253 Prometheans,.......... 299, 300
Porcelain, English.......... 276 Prussian Blue,............. 290
Pork, Choice of............ 276 Prussian Blue, to Dye with.. 290
Port, British.............. 276 Puff Paste,................  300
Port, to Fine..............  291  Pukes, Active and Mild.....  57
Port, to Improve......    291 Pump, Nautical Self-acting... 300
Port, London.............. 292 Pumps, to prevent freezing... 294
Port, Southampton,......... 291 Pumpkins, Preserved....... 300
Portable Eggs,............. 158 Punch on a large Scale.....300
Portable Glue.............  191  Purgative Draught.........  300
Porter,...................  291  Purgative Electuary,.......  323
Porter, to Bottle............291 Purgative Infusion........  324
Portland Powder........... 292 Purgative Pills, Stimulant... 324
Pot or Pearlash, Factitious... 292 Purgative Powder...........324
Potass, Effervescing Solution of 292 Purgative Salts, Senna & Manna 57




ï~~352                        INDEX.
Purge, Active.............. 57 Ratifia de Chocolate,........ 0I
Purge, Favourite............57 Ratifia de Fleurs d'Oranges,.. 317
Purge for Horses when bound, 260 Ratifia de Grenoble,........ 304
Purging Cups, Chinese......  119  Ratifia la Violet,........... 304
Purging  Salts, Tasteless,.....  219  Ratifia, Red...............  319
Purify Lamp Oil,.......... 42 Rats, to Exterminate....... 317
Purify the Breath..........  98 Rat Traps................ 317
Purl......................  300  Razor Strop Paste,..........  317
Purple Dye for Cotton,....... 300 Razor, to Hone and Strap,... 317
Purple of Cassius,.......... 301 Reasons for Planting an OrPurple Sealing-W ax.......  301  chard,...............  233
Purple Sprinkle for Books,... 301 Red Currant Wine,.........317
Purple Tablets,...........  301  Red Fire,.................  317
Putrid Water, to purify...... 186 Red Flame................ 318
Putty, Glazier's............ 300 Red Glazing............... 318
Pvro-Acetic Spirit,..........301 Red Gooseberry Wine,..... 318
Pyrophorus...............301 Red Ink,............. 297, 318
Red Lacker,.............. 318
Quassia Colouring, Brewer's. 302 Red Mead Wine........... 318
Queen's Metal,............ 302 Red Oxide of Mercury, OintQuicksilver, Oxide of.......  302  ment of.................318
Quicksilver, Purified........ 302  Red Precipitate,.............  318
Quills, German method to pre-  Red Rose Sugar........... 318
pare...................  302  Red  Salt,.................  318
Quince Marmalade,......... 302 Red Sprinkle for Binders.... 319
Quince Wine............ 302 Red Tombac.............. 319
Quinine Mixture........... 302 Refined Liquorice.......... 247
Quin's Sauce............. 303 Rennet or Wine Custards,... 56
Quinsy, Cure for............327 Resin Cerate............... 246
Resin, Common............ 246
Radley's Mixed Oils........ 303 Resin Ointment,........... 246
Rag Sugar............... 303 Resin Plaster.............. 247
Raisin Spirit,.............. 302 Rheumatic and Toothache EmRaisin 'l'ea,...............  303  brocation...............  247
Raisin Vinegar,............303 Rheumatism, Syphilitic...... 247
Raisin Wine.............. 303 Rheumatism, Treatment.....  9
Rape Oil, to Purify..........303 Rhodiums, Factitious Oil of.. 247
Raspberry Brandy,.......... 304 Rhubarb, Extract or........ 247
Raspberry Jam,.............55 Rhubarb Lozenges,.......... 247
Raspberry Vinegar,........ 304 Rhubarb Wine,........... 247
Raspberry W ater,.......... 304  Rice Bread.................305
Raspberry Wine........... 304 Rice Marble for Books..... 247
Ratcliffe's Cough Mixture,... 304 Rice Milk................. 323
Ratifia d'Angelique.......... 304 Rice Tea................. 247
Ratifia d'Crises............. 317 Rickets, Specific for........ 247
Ratifia d'Ecorces d'Oranges,.. 317 Riga Balsam, Factitious.... 248
Ratifia d'Noyeau,.......... 317 Ringbone, Ointmen for..... 322
Ratifia de Brond Noix...... 304 Ring Gold................ 248
Ratifia de Cafe,............ 304 Ringwood Ale............. 248
Ratifia de Cassius.......... 304 1 Ringworms........... 5, 306




ï~~INDE X.

353

Roaches, to Kill............ 156 Sage Jelly............ 252,.316
Rob of Elder Berries,....... 248 Sage Wine............... 252
Rochelle Salts............. 248 Sail Cloth Paint, Elastic and
Roman Candles, Composition       Water-proof............. 252
for.................... 248  Sal Ammoniac, Flowers of... 265
Roman Cement, English.... 248 Sal Ammoniac, Plaster of.... 265
Roman Pommade,.......... 15 Salberg Bug Wash,........ 265
Roofing, Flexible, Asphaltic.. 114 Salt, Lime, and Peat,....... 170
Roots, to Gather and Preserve 248 Salt of Sorel,.............. 265
Rose Beads or Pearls,....... 249 Sapl) Green................ 265
Rose Drops,............... 249  Sapphire, Factitious........  265
Rose Lozenges............. 249 Sarsaparilla, Decoction of.... 265
Rose Oil,................. 249 Sarsaparilla, Extract of...... 265
Rose Pink,................ 249 Satin and Silks, to Clean.. 267
Rose Pomatum, French.... 250 Sauce, Aristocratique,....... 265
Rose Pommade............. 249 Sauce au Roy,............. 266
Rose Water............... 250 Sauce, Peculiar kind of...... 31
Rose W ine...............  250  Saur Kraut,............... 266
Roseate Depilatory,.........  249  Sausages,.................  57
Rosemary Water,........... 249 Sausages, to prepare intestines 266
Roses, Essence of.......... 250 Savine Cerate.............. 267
Roses, Honey of........... 250 Savine Ointment,.......... 266
Roses, Milk of, French...... 250 Savoy Biscuit,............. 266
Roses, Oil of.............. 250 Saxon Blue............... 266
Roses, Tincture of..........  56 Scent Bags, Perfume for..... 267
Rot in Sheep, Cure for.......29 Scented Powder for Trunks,.. 267
Rot in Sheep, to prevent..... 29 Scented Sealing-Wax....... 268
Rouge, Economical......... 251 Schabiziger Cheese........ 267
Rouge for Cleaning Plate,.... 251 Schedan Hollands,.........267
Rouge for Complexion...... 251 Scheele's Green,........... 267
Rouge, Jeweller's.......... 251 Schwamberg Fever Powders,. 267
Rouge, Liquid............. 251 Schweinfurth Green,........ 268
Rouge or Wool, Spanish... 287 Scorpions, Oil of........... 268
Rouge, Spanish Ladies'..... 251 Scotch Marmalade......... 268
Rubies, to Solder together.... 251 Stouring Drops........... 268
Ruby, Factitious........... 251 Scours, Astringent Mixture for 279
Ruby, Oriental, Factitious.... 225 Scratches in Horses, Remedy for 167
Rue Water............... 251 Scurvy, Cure for........... 268
Rum Shrub................ 252 Scurvy in the Teeth,........ 296
Rupert's Metal,............  252  Sea-W ater, Artificial........ 268
hushlights................. 252 Sea-Water, to Soften........ 268
Rusmar, Oriental........... 225 Seal Engraver's Cement.... 268
Ruspini's Styptic,.......... 252 Sealing-Wax, Blue......... 81
Ruspini's Tincture,........ 252 Sealing-Wax, Colourless. 1.. 10
Rye Coffee,............... 155 Sealing-Wax, Gold Coloured. 192
Sealing-Wax, Green........ 215
Saffron Cake,.............. 252 Sealing-Wax, Red......... 319
Saffron Lozenges............ 252 Sealing-Wax, Yellow....... 266
Sage Bread............... 306 Sedative Lotion........... 268
80 *




ï~~354

INDEX.

Seeds to increase fertility of 267, 268 Sky Rockets, Chinese Fire... 272
Seidlitz Water, Bottled...... 269 Sky Rockets, Composition for. 272
Sharps, Baker's............ 270  Sky Rockets, Fire for....... 271
Shaving Paste............  269  Sleep, to procure........... 272
Shaving Soap............. 286 Slugs on Lands, to destroy... 272
Sheep Husbandry,.......... 74 Slugs, to preserve Plants from  272
Sheep, Tar for............. 307  Smallpox Matter,........... 272
Sheep, to protect from the Gad  Smalts.................... 272
Fly...................196 Smelling Salts............. 272
Sherry, Brown, to convert to   Smellome's Eye Ointment,... 272
Pale Sherry............. 228  Smoke Protector,...........  196
Sherry, English............ 269 Smoking Lamps, to prevent.. 33
Sherry, Fine Pale.......... 227 Smoking Meat, Easy Mode.. 286
Sherry, London............ 269 Smoky Chimneys, to Cure... 286
Sherry, to Fine............ 269 Smut in Wheat, to prevent... 286
Sherry, to Improve......... 269 Snow's Alterative Pills,...... 285
Sheathing for Ships,........ 270  Soap  t la Rose............ 285
Sheldrake's Oil for Grinding   Soap au Boquet........... 285
Colours................  270  Soap, Castile..............  106
Shell Lac, to Bleach........  270  Soap Cerate............... 285
Shortness of Breath,.... 210, 224 Soap, Clarified............. 285
Shrewsbury Cake,.......... 270 Soap, Liquid.............. 285
Shrub Brandy.............. 95 Soap Marble for Books..... 285
Sievier's Water-proof Cloth,.. 186 Soap Plasters,............. 285
Sighs of Love.............. 270 Soap, Transparent...... 243, 286
Sight of Horses, to judge.... 270 Soda Water,.............. 286
Silica for Decayed Teeth,.... 270 Soda Water, Best Double.... 286
Silk or Cloth, Water-proof... 270 Soda Water, Bottled........ 286
Silk, to Dye Green.........  327  Soft Soap,................  260
Silk Worms in France,...... 188 Soft Wax, Green...........286
Silks, Satins, &c., to Gild.... 270 Solder, Common, for Tin.... 286
Silks, &c., to extract Grease from 270 Solder for Ferrules,......... 313
Silver Dust...............  271  Solder, Hard.............  288
Silver, Metal to resemble..... 271  Solid Syllabub,............. 284
Silver Plate, to extract Stains  Soluble Tartar, Effervescing.. 287
from...................  271  Solution  of Conitine........  111
Silver, Pure............... 271 Solution of Subacetate of Leal. 50
Silver Shells.............. 271 Sore Eyes in Animals, Wash
Silver Solder..............  271  for....................  279
Silver Tree................  271  Sore Nipples,..............  278
Silver, to make Transparent..  6 Sore Throat, Embrocation for  287
Silver, to write on with unfad-  Sore Throat, Remedy for.... 24
ing Black..............  30 Sore Tongue in Horses.....148
Silvering Glass Globes, Liquid  Sougie................... 287
Foil for................ 271 Sour Wines, Method to restore 287
Silvering  Powder..........  271  Soy,.....................  287
Simple Cerate,.............  112  Spanish Flies, Cerate of..... 287
Singleton's Golden Eye Oint-   Spanish Flies, Ointment of... 28,
ment,................ 272  Spanish Flies, Plaster of..... 28"




ï~~INDEX.

355

tpanisl Rouge or Wool,....
Spavin, Relief for...........
Specujum Metal............
Spermaceti Cerate,.........
Spermaceti, Factitious.......
Spermaceti Ointment.......
Spices for Scent Powders....
Spike, Oil of..............
Spirit of Cytherea..........
Spirit of Flowers of Italy,....
Spirits, to Sweeten.........
Spirit Varnish.............
Sponge, Burnt.............
Sponge Lozenges,..........
Sponge Tents.............
Sponge, to Bleach..........
Spontaneous Combustion, to
prevent.................
Spots, to Remove from Goods
Spotted Marble for Books,...
Sprains,..................
Sprains, Farrier's Embrocation
for.....................
Sprains in Horses, Lotion for.
Sprinkle for Binders, Red...
Sprinkle for Books..........
Spruce Beer,..............
Spruce Beer Powder.......
Spruce Wine..............
Staggers, Remedy for......
Stain for Glass, Yellow......
Stain for Glass, Red........
Stain Mixture.............
Stain Wood like Ebony.....
Stains for Wood...........
Stains, to Extract from Silk..
Stamford's Oils,............
Starch Lozenges,...........
Starkey's Soap,............
Stavesacre, Ointment of, for
Horses...............
Steel Goods, to preserve....
Steel Lozenges,............
Steel, M. Dussausy's........
Steel Solder,...............
Steel, to Gild..............
Steer's Opodeldoc,..........
Stereotype Metal,...........
Stimulant Plaster,........

287 Stimulating Ointment for Horses, 279
321 St. John's Wort, Oil of...... 279
288 Stone, Artificial, Keene's Patent 279
288 Stone Cement............. 112
288 Stone Colour Paint,........ 280
288 Stone, Fig, Thumb, or Queen's
267    Blue....................  279
288 Stone or Gravel in the Bladder, 167
289 Stone in the Kidneys,....... 78
289 Stone Marble for Books,..... 279
289 Stone, to Ease or Cure...... 78
289 Stopping-out Varnish Engravers, 279
326 Storax's Liquid, Factitious... 280
289 Storm Glasses,............. 280
289 Stout Porter, to make....... 280
90 Strains in Horses,......... 137
Strangles.................. 168
319  Stranguary,...............  79
294 Strass or Mayence Base..... 280
289 Strawberry Water......... 280
325 Strawberry Wine,.......... 281
Strengthening Mixture,...... 281t
277 Strengthening Mixture for Ani90    mals...................  278
319 Strengthening Plaster........ 281
277 String-halt, Relief for....... 321
277 Stucco, Fire-proof for Wood,. 233
277  Suet, Prepared.............  281
277  Sugar Beer,..............  281
138 Sugar, Candied, to Colour... 89
260 Sugar Candy, white...... 281
319 Sugar, Common, to Improve.. 282
329 Sugar from Carrots........ 281
157 Sugar from Grapes........ 282
257 Sugar from Starch......... 281
272 Sugar of Lead Ointment... 281
181  Sugar, Parsnip.............  236
277 Sugar, to Candy...........  89
278 Sugar, to Clarify, Coarse... 282
Sugar, to Clarify, Loaf..... 282
277 Sugar, to make Devices in... 282
277 Sugar Vinegar,........ 264, 282
278 Sulphate of Indigo,......... 327
277 Sulphur, Balsam or Oil of... 282
278 Sulphur Lozenges......... 282
278  Sulphur, Milk of........... 2R2
278 Sulphur Ointment.......... 283
278 Sulphuret of Arsenic, Red... 819
279 Sulphuret of Iron,..........282




ï~~356

INDEX

Sulphuret of Potash,........ 282
Sulphosetted Hydrogen, Liquid 11
Sulphtuered Tar.......... 282
Summer Complaint, Cure for. 309
Sunburn Smarting.........  79
Suppurating Liniment for horses, 283
Surfeit in Horses, Remedy for. 148
Sweet Extract of Wormwood, 283
Sweet Fennel Water,....... 283
Sweet Potatoes,............. 148
Sweet Sauce.............. 283
Sweet Spice, Pastry-Cook's.. 284
Swelled Throat in Hogs,... 309
Swelling on Joints, White... 79
Swellings, Indolent.........  79
Swellings, Soft and Flabby.. 79
Swellings, White or Hard, to
dissolve................  79
Sycamore Wine,........... 283
Sydenham's Liquid Laudanum, 283
Sydenhamn's Styptic Powder,.. 284
Syllabub, Whipped......... 239
Sympathetic Inks, Eleven Receipts on,........ 97, 162, 284
Syphilitic Eruptions, Lotion for 284
Syphilitic Eruptions, Sore Throat,
&c., Ointment for........ 284
Syphilitic Pains, to relieve... 284
Syphilitic Sore Throat, Gargle
for.....................  284
Syrup of Lactate of Iron,.... 32
Table Beer,...............  284
Tainted Meat, to restore.... 284
Tallow, to Whiten........... 284
Tamarinds, to Improve...... 284
Tapioca.................. 218
Tar for Sheep............. 307
T'ar for Wagon Wheels... 171
Tar Ointment,............. 220
Tar, to remove............. 308
Tar Varnish,.............. 219
Tar W ater...............  236
Tarring................... 219
Tartar Emetic,............  57
Tartar, Salt of.............  219
Tartrate of Iron Lozenges,... 219
Tasteless Purging Salt,...... 219
Tea, for icing.............  219

Tea, Soluble............. 219
Tea, Substitutes for......... 219
Tears of the Widow of Malabar, 220
Teeth, Opiate for........... 220
Teeth, to Clean............  79
Teeth, to Fasten............79
Temperature, Nineteen Receipts
on................  47, 48, 49
Terra Cotta................ 226
Terro Metallicum for Decayed
Teeth,.................  220
Thernard's Blue........... 220
Thread Lace, to Wash...... 309
Thread Marble, Binder's..... 220
Tin, Aqua Regia, Solution of. 278
Tin Filings............... 220
Tin in Grains.............. 220
Tin, Oxide of............... 220
Tin  Tree,.................  220
Tobacco, British Herb....... 241
Tobacco Ointment......... 326
Toilet Soap.................  241
Tolu Lozenges,............ 241
Tomato Catsup,............ 241
Tombac,.................. 241
Tombac, Red.............. 319
Tonic and Alterative Draught, 241
Tonic Draught............. 241
Toothache Drops,.......... 241
Toothache Embrocation..... 247
Toothache Oil.............241
Toothache, Remedy for...... 242
Toothache Tincture......... 32
Toothache, to prevent.... 79, 242
Tooth Powder,............ 242
Tooth Powder, Coral....... 122
Tooth Powder, Raspini's. 118 242
Tooth Tincture, Barker's.... 242
Tooth Water,............. 242
Topaz, Factitious...........  242
Tortoise Shell, Ground, for Metal.....................  313
Tortoise Shell, to Solder..... 242
Tracing Paper............ 242
Transfer Engravings to Plaster
Casts................  217
Transparent Soap,.......... 243
Traver's Infernal Drops.... 243
Treacle Beer............... 243




ï~~INDEX.

357

Tree Marble for Binders,....
Trees, Fruit...............
Trees, Fruit, for Grafting....
Trees, to Destroy Moss on...
Trees, to Heal Wounds in...
Trees, to protect from attacks of
Horses.................
Truffles, to preserve.........
ruberose, Perfumer's Oil of..
Tuberose Pommade,........
Tunbridge Water..........
Turkey, Choice of..........
Turkeys, Fattening.........
I'urkish Bloom............
Turmeric Paper,...........
Turner's Brass,............
Turner's Cerate,...........

243
149
243
243
243
243
243
243
243
243
243
307
244
244
244
244

Turnip Wine............ 244
Turpentine Liniment....... 244
Turpentine Varnish........ 244
Turquoise Stone, Paste resembling...................  244
Tutania, or Britannia Metal.. 244
Tutenag..................244
Type Metal............... 244

Varnish, Carriage, Second quality....................  105
Varnish, Common Oil....... 197
Varnish, Copal.... 110, 121, 122
Varnish for Gilded Articles,.. 173
Varnish for Harness........ 314
Varnish for Top Rollers..... 314
Varnish for Toys.......... 262
Varnish, for Water Coloured
Drawings...............  7
Varnish, Impermeable....... 132
Varnish, Lac, Cheap........ 32
Varnish, Tar..............  219
Varnish, to Clean.......... 262
Varnish, to Polish.......... 262
Varnish, Turpentine........ 244
Varnish, White Spirit... 253, 254
Veal, to judge Quality of.... 262
Vegetable Hygrometer....... 130
Vegetable Liquors, to Decolour 262
Vegetable Oil, to Purify.... 262
Vegetable Oysters, to prepare. 98
Vegetable Rouge for Complexion 262
Vegetables and their Juices, to
preserve...............  263
Vegetables, to make Tender.. 263
Vegetables, to Pickle in Brine 263
Vegetables, to Pickle in Vinegar,....................  263
Veils, White, to Clean...... 254
Venice Turpentine, Factitious 263
Venison for Roasting.......  56
Ventilate Rooms,....... 249, 263
Ventilate Ships............. 263
Veratrine, Pommade de...... 263
Verdigris, English.......... 263
Verdigris Ointment,........ 263
Verditer Blue,.............  264
Vermilion, Spanish, for Toilets 264
Vidonia, to Fine........... 264
Vinegar, Black, for Bookbinders, 264
Vinegar, Camp............  104
Vinegar, Currant...........  127
Vinegar, Currie............  128
Vinegar, Dry and Portable... 30
Vinegar from Flowers,...... 264
Vinegar Garnet, Paste resemSbling...................  264
Vinegar, Malt............ 264

Umber,.................
Ultramarine,..............
Ultramarine Ashes.........
Ultramarine, M. Gwelin's....
Ultramarine, M. Robiquet's...
Uncoloured Sealing-wax,....
Usquebaugh..............
Usquebauah, Drogheda.....
Uvula, Gargle for Relaxation
of...................
Vases or Baskets, &c. in Spanish Candy...............
Vaccine Matter,............
Vanilla, Essence of.........
Vanilla Lozenges...........
Varnish, Body............
Varnish, Body, Quick Drying
Varnish, Brilliant French, for
Boots md Shoes.........
Varnish, Cabinet-Maker's....
Varnish, Callott's Soft Etching
Varnish, Carriage, Pale....

244
261
261
261
261
261
261
261
262
22
244
262
262
81
81
9
102
102
105




ï~~358                        I
Vinegar of Cantharides.....
Vinegar, Sugar............
Vinegar, to increase Sharpness
of.....................
Vinegar, to make with Water.
Viniurn Ferri, Improved Method
of Preparing............
Violet Blue Glazing,........
Violet Depilatory,..........
Violet Lozenges............
Violet Pomatum,...........
Violet Pommade...........
Violet Powder,............
Vi. its, Essence of.........
Vioiets, Oil of.............
Virginia Snake Root, Infusion
of.................
Vitriol, Elixir of............
Vanilla Chocolate,.........
Waffles..................
Wainscot Varnish,.........
Wall-Fruit, to hasten Ripening
Walnut Catsup,...........
Walnut Wine............
Walnuts, to Pickle.........
Ward's Paste for the Piles,..
Ward's White Drops,.......
Warts,...................
Warts in Horses and Cattle,..
Wash Balls...............
Wash, Black Woollen or Worsted Hose...............
Wash to fix Black Lead Pencil
Drawings..............
Watchmaker's Oil.........
Water, Bottled, Buxton.....
Water, Chalybeate.........
Water Colour Cakes.......
Water, to Choose for Brewing
Water-proof Cloth,.........
Water-proof Cloth, Potter's Patent...................
Water-proof Composition for
Leather,..................
M ater-proof Varnish for Boots,
& c....................
Wax, American Green, Factitious...................

NDEX.
264 Wax, Butter of............ 102
264 Wax, Colourless Soft Sealing  110
Wax Lute................ 186
30 Wax Marble for Book Covers  187
30 Wax, Soft Sealing..........187
Wax, Virgin White........ 254
9 Weak Sight.............. 296
264 Wedding Cake,.........;... 187
273  W eld Ale,................  187
273 Weld Pink, Yellow......... 187
273 Wens, Cure for............ 325
273 Westphalian Essence,....... 103
273 Wheat, to prevent Mildew in. 187
264 Whipped Cream........... 187
273 Whipped Syllabub,......... 239
SWhiskey Cordial........... 239
324 White Ale, Devonshire.... 239
86 White Cerate.............. 239
7 White Crystal or Factitious
Diamond................  239
7 White Currant Wine,......239
7 White Elder Ointment...... 239
7 White Enamel............ 240
7 White Fire,............... 253
8 White Gooseberry Wine.... 253
8 White Lead, American Patent, 240
6 White Lead, Common.... 253
6 White Mead Wine......... 253
325  W hite Metal,.............. 253
187, White Ointment........... 253
6 White Stars for Rockets,... 253
White Swelling on the Joints,  79
40 White Wash.............. 314
White Wine, to Mull....... 323
65 Whitehead's Essence of Mus7    tard,...................  240
102  W hiting..................  254
103 Whooping-Cough,.. 39, 329, 330
7 Wilson's Liquid Asphaltum,.. 254
7  W ind Broken,.............  321
154  W ind Galls,..............  321
W indsor Ale,..............  254
7 Windsor Soap,........... 255
Wine, Antimonial.......... 5'
186  W ine, Cherry.............  118
Wine, Cowslip, Red........ 125
186  W ine, Currie..............  129
W ine, Damson............  129
186 Wine Decanters, to Clean... 25f




ï~~INDEX.                         35Q
Wine Drinkers, Cure for.... 30 Worms and Caterpillars, to free
W ine, Family,............  255  Trees from..............  258
Wine, Flat, to restore....... 257 Worms, Cure for........... 236
Wine, Gooseberry.......... 152 Worms, Treatment of.. 19, 20, 21
Wine, Grape..............  1352 i Wormwood, Extract of...... 258
Wine, Mulberry........... 177 Wormwood, Salt of......... 258
Wine, Musty, to restore..... 258 Worts, to Cool............ 258
WVine Test............. 256 Wounds in Trees, Composition
Wine, to allay Fermentation in 256  for.................... 242
Wine, to convert Red into      Writing Effaced, to restore... 259
W hite.................  254  W riting Fluid, Blue........  259
Wine, to convert White into    Writing, to Gild or Silver.... 259
Red...................  319  W riting, to give an  appearance
Wine, to correct a Bad Taste     of Age to............... 259
in.....................  30
Wine, to detect Honey in.... 256 Yeast, to Improve Bad..... 259
Wine, to Flavour..........256 Yeast, to Preserve.......... 259
Wine, to improve Poor...... 257 Yeast, to Remove Acidity from 260
Wine, to Mellow........... 257 Yellow Diamond, Factitious.. 260
Wine, to remove Ripeness from 257 Yellow Dipping Metal,...... 260
Wine, to remove Taste of Cask  Yellow Enamel,........... 20
from...................  257  Yellow  Ink,...............  277
Wine, to restore Sour,......  26  Yellow  Lake,...............260
Wine, to roughen.......... 257 Yellow Paint, Cheap....... 260
Wine, Turnip............. 244 Yellow, Patent............. 239
Wood, Stains for........... 257 Yellow Sealing-Wax....... 260
Wood, to Polish........... 257 Yellow Stain for Glass,...... 260
Wood, to produce Undulations   Yellow Wash...............  8
on....................  26  Yellow  W ater,............  16R
Wood Work, to Preserve,.... 258
Woods, to Gather and Preserve 257 Zaffree.................... 53
Woollen Manufacturers, Cau-    Zinc, Extemporaneous Acetate
tion  to.................  258  of.....................  39
Wcollens, to Wash......... 23 Zinc Lozenges,............ 254
Worm Lozenges........... 258 Zinc, Ointment of Carbonate of 254
Worm Lozenges, Ching's... 120 Zinc, Ointment of Oxide of.. 255
Worm Oil................ 258 Zinc, Pommade avec l'Iodate de 256

THE END.




ï~~.