II fi b SELF-INSTRUCTOR ON LUTMBER SURVEYING, FOR THE#USE OF LUMBER MANUFACTURERS, SURVEYORS, AND TEACHERS. BY CHARLES KINSLEY, PRACTICAL SURVEYOR AND TEACHER OF SURVEYING. ASSIGNOR, JAMES KINSLEY. PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR. CALAIS, ME., AND ST. STEPHEN, N. B. 1873. Entered according to Act of Parliament of Canada, in the year 1870, by C H A R L ES KIN' 3 L EY, in the Office of the Minister of Agriculture. ItVrSIDE, CAMBMIDB: ZLECTROTYPED AND PRINTED BT H. O. HOUGHTON AND COMPANY. PREFACE. THIS work combines the theoretical and practical parts of surveying, in such a manner as to enable the energetic and uninitiated student who applies himself to the study of this useful and interesting science for a short time, to survey all kinds of lumber with accuracy and expertness. It contains tables for measuring boards, plank, deal, and timber by board measure, by which the Surveyor can dispense with the use of the Board Rule. It contains the rules generally adopted by Surveyors, and also a more concise rule than that in general use: for plank, deal, and timber, this rule alone is worth more than the price of the book to any Surveyor, as it requires less mental calculation than by the other rules, enabling him to survey faster and with less trouble than he could otherwise do. It contains tables for inch, inch and a quarter, and inch and a half boards for battens and joist. It also contains rules and tables for surveying logs by board and cubic measure, and rules for ton timber. It also contains tables showing the number of feet in length, of any dimension, which will make 1,000 feet board measure or 1,000 feet cubic measure; iv PREFACE. a new method of finding the solid contents of timber; a rule for finding what a round log will square, by having the circumference or diameter given, or in other words, to find the inscribed square; how to make out specifications, survey bills, etc.; rule for measuring tapering timber; table of quarter-girts for logs; rule for finding how much in length, of any dimension, which will make a solid foot, or any other desired quantity; table showing the weight of twenty-five kinds of wood, with a rule for finding the weight of the same from the contents; the English and American Government rules for finding the tonnage of vessels, and rules for gauging and ullaging casks. It also contains a correct and extensive interest table. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page Rule for measuring Rectangular Boards.7.7 Exercise on the Rule... 7 To find the Contents of a Triangular Board... 8 Exercise on the Rule..... 8 To find the Solidity of a Sphere or Globe.. 9 To find the Contents of a Triangular Solid.. 9 To find the Superficial Contents of a Globe...... 9 To find the Contents of a Circular Board...... 9 Rule for finding the Contents of a Circle..... 9 Rule for finding the Diameter or Circumference of a Circle.. 9 Table for measuring Inch Boards, without a Board Rule, from Two Inches to Thirty-six Inches wide.......10 Exercise on the Table......10 Table for measuring Inch-and-a-Quarter Boards without a Board Rule 11 Exercise on the Table....... 1 Table for Inch-and-a-Half Boards without using the Board Rule.. 12 Exercise on the Rule.......... 12 Table for Plank from Two to Thirty Inches wide.. 13 Exercise on the Table.......... 13 Table for Three-inch Deals from Three to Twenty-four Inches wide. 14 Table for Four-inch Deals from Four to Twelve Inches wide.. 15 Table for Five-inch Timber from Five to Twelve Inches wide.. J6 Table for Six-inch Timber from Six to Twelve Inches wide.. 16 Table for Seven-inch Timber from Seven to Twelve Inches wide.. 17 Table for Eight-inch Timber from Eight to Twelve Inches wide. 17 Table for Nine-inch Timber from Nine to Twelve Inches wide.. 17 Table for Ten-inch Timber from Ten to Twelve Inches wide.. 17 Table for Eleven-inch Timber from Eleven to Twelve Inches wide. 17 Table for Twelve-inch Timber from Twelve to Twenty Inches wide. 17 Plan of drawing a Plank Shingle, with Directions for dotting Plank, Deal, &c. 18,19 Rule for Plank Specifications....20 How to keep a Joist or Scantling Shingle.. 22 New York Deals, Three-inch.. 23 Specification Rule for Three-inch.. 24 Specification Rules for Four-inch.. 25, 26 Five-inch Timber Shingle, with Rule for Specification... 28-30 Rule for Six-inch Specification.... 31 Rule for Seven-inch Specification.. 33 Rule for Eight-inch Specification.....35 Rule for Nine-inch Specification.... 37 Rule for Ten-inch Specification.....40 Rule for Eleven-inch Specification.. 41 Rule for Twelve-inch Specification....42 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS. Rule for finding the Contents of Battens or Two-and-a-Half-inch Stuff 44 Specification of Batten Shingle and Rule... 45 Random Shingle, Contents given in the Columns... 45 Random Shingle, Running Lengths in the Columns.... 46 Table showing the Number of Feet in Length, of all Dimensions, that will make 1,000 feet of Board Measure... 47 Table showing the Number of Feet in Length. of all Dimensions, from Five Inches by Five Inches to Twenty-two Inches by TwentyFour Inches that will make 1,000 Cubic feet, with Rules showing how both Tables are computed....48 New Rules for finding the Contents in Cubic Feet of Timber, from Five by Five up......49 Second Method of making out Specification, and Rule.. 51, 52 Specification of Philadelphia Deal, and Rule..... 53, 54 How to use the Board Rlule, with Exercise.. 54 Rule for measuring Logs, with Example.. 55 To find the Largest Square Piece of Timber that can be sawed from a Round Log, by having the Circumference or Diameter given. 56 Form of Bills of Lading. 57, 58 Surveyor's Bills and Receipts... 59 New Rules for finding the Superficial Contents of Plank, Deal, Joist, Battens, and Timber.... 59 Given the Dimensions of the End of a Plank to find what Length of it will make a Foot..... 61 To find the Solid Contents of a Piece of Tapering Timber...61 When a Board or Plank is wider at one End than the other, to find what Length of it will make a Foot, or any Desired Quantity. 62 To find how much in Length will make a Solid Foot, or any other Desired Quantity, of Squared Timber of Equal Dimensions from End to End.......62 Table for measuring Round Timber by the Qnarter-girt Areas.. 63 Table and Rule for finding the Weight of Timber from a Survey of its Contents....... 64 English Government Rule for finding the Tonnage of Vessels.. 65 United States Government rule for finding the Tonnage of Vessels. 66 Gauging of Casks.......... 67 Ullaging of Casks.........68 Questions for Exercise......... 69 Log Rule for Round Timber... 72-76 Directions for using the Log Rule.. 77 Interest Table and Rule........ 77-79 Lumber Surveyor's Scale.........80 Wages Calculator by the Month.....80 How to average Timber and measure Hay... 81 Stone-Mason's Work for Builders, Contractors, &c... 82 Day Wages Calculator..........82 Weekly Wages Calculator........ 82 Tonnage, continued..........83 SELF-INSTRUCTOR ON LUMBER SURVEYING. Rule for measuring Rectangular Boards. Multiply the length in feet by the width in inches, and divide the product by 12, to find the contents in superficial feet. Or multiply the length in inches by the width in inches, and divide by 144, the number of inches in a square foot, for the contents in superficial feet. P. S. — A Rectangle is a right-angled parallelogram, whose length exceeds its B. breadth; as B. B QUESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. I. What are the contents in feet of a rectangular board 30 feet long and 20 inches wide? Ans. 50 feet. 2. How many feet in a board 26 feet 6 inches long, 12 inches in width? Ans. 261 feet. 3. What will be the cost of a walnut board 32 feet long and 16 inches wide, at 8 cents per square foot. Ans. $3.41. 4. What are the contents of a board 22 feet 8 inches long, and 1 foot 9 inches in width? Ans. 39 feet 8 inches. When a Board is wider at one End than at the other. Rule. -Add the width of both ends together, and take half the sum for a mean width, and multiply the width thus found by the length, for the contents; or take the width in 8 SELF-INSTRUCTOR the middle of the board and multiply by the length, for the contents. EXAMPLE. 1. What are the contents of a board 14 inches at one end and 20 inches at the other, and 24 feet in length. Ans. 34 feet. 14+ 20 = 34- 2 = 17, mean width in inches, which multiplied by the length, 24 feet= 408; 408 + 12 = 34 feet - contents. 2. What are the contents of a board 26 feet long, which measures 16 inches in the middle? Ans. 34 feet 8 inches. 26 feet X 16= 416; 416 12 = 34 feet 8 inches contents. To find the Contents of a Triangular Board. Rule.- Multiply the length in feet by the width in inches, and take half the sum for the contents in inches, which being divided by 12 will give the contents in feet of board measure. A EXAMPLE. 1. What are the contents of the board A B C, whdse base B C is 26 inches, and perpendicular height A D is 18 feet. Ans. 19 feet 6 inches./ 18 X 26 = 468. + 234. 12/ \ 19 feet 6 inches. B D C 2. What are the contents of the trian- A gular board A B C, whose base B C is 2 feet 6 inches, and perpendicular A C, 24 feet. Ans. 30 feet. 24 feet X 21 = 60 feet; 60 feet 2 = 30 feet. Or / 2 feet 6 inches = 30 inches; 30 inches X 24 feet = 720 inches; 720 +2 = 360 inches = contents; 360- 12 = 30 feetB = contents in feet. ON LUMBER SURVEYING. 9 The contents of a triangular solid can be found in the same manner by the foregoing rule, by multiplying the contents thus found by the thickness of the solid. How many feet of boards in a triangular piece of timber, A B C, whose length A B is 24 feet, breadth B C 18 inches, and / thickness C E 2 feet 6 inches? / 24 feet X 18 inches = 432; 432 - 2 = 216 inches; 216 inches. 12 18 // feet = contents of superficial triangle A B /c B C, which being multiplied by the thickness C E, 2 feet 6 inches, will give the contentsE of the solid triangle A B C D E F, 18 feet X 21 feet — Ans. 45 cubic feet, or 540 board measure. For Measurement of a Globe. Rule. - To find the solidity of a globe, cube the diameter, and multiply the product by 5,236; and to find the surface of a globe, multiply the diameter B by the circumference. To find the circumference by having the diameter given, say as 7 is to 22, so is the diaine- ter to the circumference, or as 22 is to 7, \ so is the circumference to the diameter. Tofind the Contents of a Circle. c Rule 1.- Multiply half the circumference by half the diameter, for the contents. Rule 2. - Square the diameter, and multiply it by.7854 for the contents, or square the circumference, and multiply it by.07958 for the contents. P. S. - The square of a number is found by multiplying the number by itself. 10 SELF-INSTRUCTOR Table for measuring Inch Boards without a Rule, from 2 Inches to 36 Inches wide. Inches. Feet. Inches. Feet. Inches. Feet. Inches. Feet 2X1 — 11X 1=-i 20 X 1=1 29 X 1=2 3X1= 12X11= 21X1-==1 30X 1=2 4X 11 13 X 1=1^ 22 X 1-1= 31 X 1=275X1 1 5 14 X 1=l 23 X 1=- 1 32X 1==2 6X1=j- 15Xl=l1 24X1=2 33X1 =2 6 X 1-17 15 X I —l 24 X 1=-2 33 X 1=-2: 7Xl=T1. 16X1=lk 25X1I=2W^ 34Xl=2i 8 X l = 17 X 1 1 26X 1=2 35 X 1= 2i 9X1-= 18X 1=1 27X1=24 36X1=3 10X1 — 19Xl 121 28X 1-=2 In order to survey boards by the Table of Board Measure, the Surveyor must commit the table to memory, and by a little practice, he will become expert at surveying by this method. Questions for Exercise done by the Table of Board Measure.. 1. What are the contents of a board 24 feet long and 18 inches wide? Ans. 24 X 1 = 36 feet. 2. How many feet in a board 32 feet long and 17 inches wide? Ans. 45L feet. By the table, 17 inches wide is 1- the length, for the contents; therefore 32 feet X 1 -= 453 feet. 3. What are the contents of a board 21 feet 6 inches long and 6 inches wide? Ans. 10 feet 9 inches. By the table, 6 inches wide is half the length, for the contents; therefore 21 feet 6 inches + 2 = 10 feet 9 inches = contents. 4. Required the contents of a board 36 feet long and 3 inches wide? Ans. 36 - 4 = 9 feet. 5. Find the contents of a board 24 feet 8 inches long and 14 inches wide? Ans. 24 feet 8 inches X 1- = 28 feet 9 inches 4". ON LUMBER SURVEYING. 11 6. Required the contents of a board 27 feet long and 30 inches wide? Ans. 674 feet. 7. What is the value of a walnut board 23 feet 6 inches long, and 36 inches wide, @ 12- cents per square foot? Ans. $8.81-. 8. Required the contents of a board 16 feet long and 27 inches wide? Ans. 36 feet. 9. How many feet in a board 38 feet long and 28 inches wide? Ans. 88 feet 8 inches. 10. Required the contents of a board 16 feet long and 19 inches in width? Ans. 25 feet 4 inches. Table for Inch-and-a-Quarter Boards, from 2 Inches to 36 Inches wide. Inches. Feet. Inches. Feet. Inches. Feet. 2x14= 14X11 =1 26 X 11 2-13 X 1- 15 X 14= 1- 27 X 11 2Sla 4 X1 1 16 x1 1 1- 28 X 12 -21 5 X 11- 2 17 X 1:-1-i 29 X 1-3:6X1'4 i4 4i 3OX14=3L 6 X 1 — 18 X 1 - 1 1 30X 31 7 X1 1- 19X 1 8 31 X 1- 3 8 X 14 20 X 1- 21- 32 X 14 31 9 X 1 4 — 2 - X 142 337 10 X 1: 1 22 X 1 - 2Z8- 34 X 11 -314 11 141 -g 23X14 2- 1 35 X 14-3 12 X 1== 1 24 X 11 2 36 X 1 3 13 X 141 1i 25 X 1=-2 Examples of l1-inch Board Measure done by the Table. 1. What are the contents of a board 11 inches thick, 32 inches wide, and 30 feet long? Ans. 100 feet. By the table 32 inches is 3 times the length; for the contents, therefore, 30 feet X 3=- =100 feet. 2. What are the contents of a board 14 inches by 18 inches, and 36 feet in length? Ans. 67 feet 6 inches. 12 SELF-INSTRUCTOR 3. Required the contents of a board 1~ inches by 24 inches, and 32 feet 8 inches in length? Ans. 81 feet 8 inches. 4. How many feet in a 1k-inch board 16 inches wide and 24 feet long? Ans. 40 feet. 5. What will be the cost of a piece of mahogany 1l inches by 12 inches, and 36 feet long, @ 6 cents per foot I Ans. $2.70. Table for One-and-a-Half-inch Boards, from 2 to 24 Inches wide. Inches. Feet. Inches. Feet. Inches. Feet. Inches. Feet. 2Xl — 8X1 X1l1 14 X 1 — 20 X 1=21 3X11 X - 15X 2112-2 4 X 1 I 1 10 X 1- 11 16 X 11_=2 22 X 11 = 2; 5 x 1 —= 11 x II = 17x 1 2 — k 23 X 11-=2 6Xl- 12Xl-=l 18 X 1-= 2124 X 1-3 7X11= 1-3Xli- 1 19 X 1=-2i 1. What are the contents of a 1-inch board 32 feet long and 24 inches wide? Ans. 32 feet X 3 feet= 96 feet. 2. Required the contents of a l1-inch board 18 feet long and 18 inches wide? Ans. 40- feet. 3. Find the contents of a board 11 X 10 inches and 28 feet 8 inches in length? Ans. 35 feet 10 inches, By the table 1k X 10 is 11 the length, for the contents. 28 feet 8 inches X 1- = 35 feet 10 inches. 4. What are the contents of a board 24 feet long, 20 inches wide, and 1- inches thick? Ans. 60 feet. 5. Required the contents of a board 16 inches wide, 1. inches thick, and 27 feet long. Ans. 54 feet. 6. What is the value of a board 17 inches wide, and 11 inches thick, and 20 feet long, at 6 cents per foot? Ans. $2.55. * Equal three times the length, for contents. ON LUMBER SURVEYING. 13 Table for Two-inch or Plank, from 2 to 30 Inches wide. Inches. Feet. Inches. Feet. Inches. Feet. Inches. Feet. 2X2-= 2X 10=13 2X 17=2 2 X 24-4 2X3 1- 2X 11=1 2 2X18 =3 2X25=41 2X4=- 2X12=2 2X19=3 1 2X26=-4 2X5=-i 2X13=2' 2X20=-3 2X27-42 2X6=1 2X14-21 2X21==32 2X28=42X 7=11 2X15=21 2X22=32 2X29=4% 2 X 8 1 2 X 16 =23 2 X 23 =3 2 X 30 5 2X9 9-1 EXERCISE. 1. Required the contents of a plank 18 feet long and 15 inches in width? Ans. 45 feet. By the table 15 inches wide is 21 times the length, for the contents in feet of board measure; therefore 18 feet X 21 = 45 feet. 2. Required the contents of a plank 36 feet long and 12 inches wide at one end, and 16 inches at the other end? Ans. 84 feet. 12 inches + 16 inches = 28 inches; 28 inches -- 2 = mean width 14 inches. By the table 14 inches is 21 times the length; therefore 36 feet X 2 = 84 feet. 3. What is the value of a plank 24 feet long and 27 inches wide @ 38 cents per foot? Ans. $3.92. 4. Required the contents of a plank 18 feet long and 4 inches wide? Ans. Y X ~ = = 12 feet. 5. What are the contents of 1,860 feet running lengths of 2 inches X 2 inches? Ans. 620 feet. Solution. - 1,860 -- = 620 feet. 6. In 2,500 feet running lengths how many feet contents of 2 inches X 12 inches? Ans. 5,000 feet or 5 M. 2,500 feet X 2 = 5,000 feet, or 5 M. 14 SELF-INSTRUCTOR Table for Three-inch Deals, from 3 -to 24 inches wide. Inches. Feet. Inches. Feet. Inches. Feet. Inches. Feet. 3X3=-1 3X 9-= 2k 3X15=-3 8 3 X20-5 sX4=1 3X10-2 3X 16=4 3X21-=56 3X5-=1' 3XX 11=2 3X 17=4 3 X 222=5 3 X 6 = 1 3 X 12-3 3 X 18-=4 3 X 23 - 5 3X7= X 13=3l 3X l9-=4 3 X24 6 8X8=2 3 X 14=3 EXERCISE. 1. What are the contents of a deal 3 inches thick, 6 inches wide, and 30 feet long? Ans. 45 feet. By the table 8 X 6 is 11 times the length, for the contents; therefore 30 feet X 1 - 45 = contents. 2. What are the contents of a deal 3 inches X 12 inches and 331 feet long? Ans. 100 feet. 3. In 2,700 feet of running lengths of 3 inches X 20 inches, how many feet? Ans. 13,500 feet. By the table 3 X 20 is 5 times the length, for the contents; 2,700 X 5= 13,500 feet. 4. Required the number of feet running lengths of 3 X 4 that will be equal to 2,000 feet running lengths of 3 inches X 10 inches? Ans. 5,000 feet. 5. What. number of feet of running lengths of 2 X 3 will be equivalent to 24,000 feet running lengths of 3 X 12 inches. Ans. 144,000 feet. Solution. - By the table 3 X 12 is 3 times the length, for the contents; therefore 24,000 feet X 3 = 72,000 feet = contents of 3 X 12 inches, and by the table 2 X 3 is = to half the length, for the contents; therefore 2 X 3 is 2 times the contents for the running lengths, consequently 72,000 feet X 2- 144,000 feet running length. ON LUMBER SURVEYING. 15 Table for Four-inch Deals, from 4 to 12 Inches wide. Inches. Feet. Inches. Feet. Inches. Feet. Inches. Feet. 4X4 11 4X7=21 4X 9-3 4X11=-3 4X5-1 4X 2 48 2 4X10O33 4X12=4 4 X 6=2 EXERCISE. 1. What are the contents of a deal 4 X 4 inches, and 20 feet long? Ans. 262 feet. 2. What are the contents of a deal 4 X 5 and 24 feet long? Ans. 40 feet. 3. Required the contents of a deal 4 X 6 and 26 feet long? Ans. 52 feet. 4. Required the contents of a deal 4 inches X 12 inches and 80 feet long? Ans. 120 feet. 5. What is the value of a piece of oak 36 feet long, 4 inches thick, and 11 inches wide, @ 42 cents per square foot? 6. In 2,800 feet of running lengths of 4 inches X 12 inches, how many feet of superficial measurement are there? Ans. 11,200 feet. 7. How many feet running lengths of 4 inches X 12 inches deals are equal to 3,000 eet running lengths of 2 X 6? Ans. 750 feet. 8. What is the amount of lumber in the following cargo, and its value @ $15.00 pet M? Surveyed from Bennett & Co., of Boston, Mass., to Ship Aurora, Capt. Jones, - 2,758 pieces 2 X 8 and 16 feet long. 3,800 pieces 4 X 12 and 30 feet long. 2,600 pieces 4 X 10 and 16 feet long. 250 M of Mer. spruce laths @ $2.50 per M. Ans. 653,497 feet of lumber. 250 M laths. Value of lumber, $9,802.451 Value of laths, 625.00 $10,427.454 16 SELF-INSTRUCTOR Table of Five-inch Timber, from 5 to 12 Inches wide. Inches. Feet. Inches. Feet. 5 X 5=2T1 5 X 9=3 8X6= 2 5Xlo 44 5X76 2- 5X 10=4 5 X 8= 3 5X 12=5 Table of Six-inch Timber, from 6 to 12 Inches wide. Inches. Feet. Inches. Feet. 6 X 6- 3 6X 10-5 6X6 3 6X1O= 5 6 X 7= 6 X 11 = 5 6X8=4 6X 12=6 6 X 9=41 EXERCISE. 1. What are the contents of a piece of timber 5 inches X 5 inches and 24 feet long? Ans. 50 feet. By the table 5 X 5 is 2^ times the length, for the contents; therefore 24 feet X 2 = 2I X J =-' = 50 feet in boa- A measure. 2. Required the contents of a joist 5 X 8 and 30 feet long? 30 feet X 31 = 100 feet. Ans. 100 feet. 3. Find the contents of a beam 6 inches X 8 inches and 36 feet in length? Ans. 144 feet. 36 feet X 4 = 144 feet. 4. How many running feet of 6-inch X 8-inch timber are equal to 3,500 feet running lengths of 5 X 12 inches? Ans. 4,375 feet. By the table 5 X 12 is 5 times the length, for the contents, and 6 X 8 = 4 times the length; therefore 3,500 feet X 5 = 17,500 feet= contents of 5 X 12; then 17,500 4 = 4,375 feet = the number of feet in length of 6 X 8 =-3,500 feet of 5 X 12. ON LUMBER SURVEYING. 17 5. What will a beam cost 48 feet long, 6 inches by 11 inches, @ 3- cents per foot? Ans. $9.24. 48 X 51 feet = 264 feet =contents; 264 X 3h cents = $9.24. Table of Timber from 7 X 7 to 12 X 20. Seven-inch Timber. Eight-inch Timber. Nine-inch Timber. Inches. Feet. Inches. Feet. Inches. Feet. 7X 7 =-4 8X 8=5k 9X 9=63 7X 8=4 8X 9-=6 9Xl0=-7t 7X 9==5l 8 X 10=6 9 X 11= 8 7 X 10=-5 8 X 11-=71 9 X 12-9 7 X 11 - 6 8 X 12=8 7 X 12=7 Ten-inch Timber. Eleven-inch Timber. Twelve-inch Timber. Inches. Feet. Inches. Feet. Inches. Feet. 10 X 10 -- 8 11 X 11 =10 12 X 12 12 10 X 11= 96 11 X 12=11 12 X 14=14 10 X 12- 10 12 X 16=16 12 X 18= 18 12 X 20 20 1. What are the contents of a piece of timber 12 by 12 inches and 30 feet long? Ans. 360 feet. 2. What are the contents of a beam 7 inches by 9 inches and 30 feet long.? Ans. 157I feet. 3. Required the contents of a piece of timber 9 X 10 inches and 40 feet long? Ans. 300 feet. By the table 9 X 10 - 71 times the length; 40 feet X 7} - 300 feet. 4. In 2,500 feet contents of 9 X 10, how many feet runninglengths of 9 X 10, and of 11 by 12? Ans. Of 11 X 12, 227j- feet. Of 9 X 10, 3334 feet. 5. What is the cost of 2,000 feet running lengths of 122 18 SELF-INSTRUCTOR inch by 20-inch timber @ 3 cents per foot of board measure? Ans. $1,200.00. 6. Required the contents of a piece of pine timber 8 inches by 12 inches and 24 feet long? Ans. 192 feet. 7. What is the difference in feet of board measure between 2,000 feet running lengths of 9 X 12 and 2,000 feet running lengths of 12 X 12? Ans. 12 X 12 is 6,000 feet more. By the table 12 X 12 = 12 times the length, and 9 X 12 = 9 times; therefore 12-9 = 3 feet difference; 2,000 X 3 = 6,000 feet difference. Example showing the Manner of Drawing or Ruling a Shinglefor Plank or 2-inch, also the Mode of Dotting. Rule. -Take a shingle and rule it, as shingle No. 1 is ruled, the dimensions along the top column, and the lengths down the side column; then take a pencil and make a dot, thus (,), for every plank, or deal, or piece of timber, as the case may be. Suppose I want to dot a 2 X 6, 22 feet long, 3 times, I run along the top column of dimensions till I come to 2 X 6; I then go down said line till I come opposite 22 in the column of lengths, I then make three dots, thus (,.). Then when I have finished dotting, I count all the dots, and place the figures as in the above shingle; those figures I afterwards transfer to my specification, in order to find the contents of the whole quantity of pieces I have dotted. P. S.- You can, if required, rule your shingle so as to include any length or dimension, and most shingles are drawn as shingle No 1 is. ON LUMBER SURVEYING. 19 Plank Shingle, No. 1............,........_ XLengths. XX X X XXXX X 12... 18 4 10 15 9 2 12 6 5 4 14 ~..................... I 13 "'.'"5 *.-5 *'7 "~6 "'8'"8 "2'1, _,______. 2_.___ * 25 3 2 5 5 14 *'........... -. "' 4 4 2 1 6 9 2 15...... _. -... _ 2 5 1 6 2 5 4 16......... 5 3 10 2 8 2 4 4 710 17 16 6 10 22................,, *.. a........ ____18______ _ _ _ __..... "'_ _ 12 _ " 25 3 2 5 " 19........... i 3 -4 5 2 1 4 4 8 6 15~~~ 8 I 1 I4 2 1 2..16 4 22..0, se ef i, **s o... I.,............... 19 4 4 3 1 3 2 6 20 SELF-INSTRUCTOR Example of Specification of the Plank Shingle No. 1, showing the manner of finding the Contents. Rule. —One sixth of the length of 2-inch stuff multiplied.by the width will give the contents in feet of board measure or superficial feet. Specification of Plank Shingle No. 1. " lo - 00 - Lengths.._ XXXXXXXXXX Contents. eC eqeq eq Ceq Ceq C-e Cq C q 12 18 4 10 15 9 212 6 5 4 1,120 13 9 5 5 5 7 6 8 8 2 1 834 14 4 4 2 5 6 9 2 623 15 2 5 1 5 2 5 4 422 16 5 3 10 2 8 2 4 4 10 1,000 17 6 5 10 482 18 12 25 31 2 5 5 1155 19 3 4 5 2 1 4 41 3 16 792 20 15 3 4 2 1 2 164 1180 21 10 2 1 7 4 2 1 2 1 7 885 22 9 4 4 3 3 3 2 6 828 Total, 9,321 feet. Rule for calculating a 2-Inch or Plank Specification. Multiply the number of pieces or dots in each square of the table by the width of said pieces, and the product by 6 of the length for the contents. ON LUMBER SURVEYING. 21 To find the Contents of Specification Shingle, No. 1. Multiply the number of pieces in each square of the table, opposite the first length, 12 feet, by the widths of the different numbers of said pieces, and then by I of the length for the contents; thus, for the first column running parallel to the top of the shingle, Breadth. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 No. Pieces. 18 4 10 15 9 2 12 6 5 4 54 16 50 90 63 16 108 60 55 48 Then add all the products, 54 + 16 + 50 + 90 + 63 + 16- +108 + 60 + 55 - 48 = 560. Then 12, the length, ~6 = 2 feet, 560 X 2 1,120 = contents of the first column. Thus proceed until the contents of all the columns are found, then add the whole together for the total contents of the shingle. P. S.- In this treatise, when there is a fraction of half a foot over, it is called a foot; when less than half a foot, nothing. For Joist or Scantling. Take the running lengths of the different dimensions and mark down every 100 feet, then add up your shingle, and multiply the different sums by the multiplier of each dimension, as found in the tables for the contents of each. H-lemlock joist is generally computed by this plan. 22 SELF-INSTRUCTOR Joist Shingle. 2X3 2 X3 2X4 29 X4 2X 3 2 X4 3X4 100 100 10 100 100 100 250 100 100 90 100 100 100 250 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 00 100 100 00 100 100 200 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 150 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 25 100 100 100 100 150 100 100 100 200 50 100 100 100 100 613 625 667 833 450 375 900* * The numbers at the foot of the columns are feet of board measure. 3 inches by 4 inches by the table is once the length, therefore there are 900 feet of 3 X 4 contents. There are in the joist shingle 500 feet running length of 21 X 4, and 24 X 4 is = times the length; therefore, 500 4_ to 375 feet = contents of 21 X 4. There are 800 feet running lengths of 24 X 3, and 24 X 3 is 1 times the length; therefore, 800 = 450 = contents. There are 1,000 feet of 24 X 4; therefore, as 21 X 4 is { of the length, the contents will be equal to 1,000- = 833 feet. Of 2 inches X 4 inches, 1,000 feet, which divided by 3, will be the contents = 667 feet. Of 21 X 3 there are 1,000 feet, and 24 X 3 is = ~ times the length; therefore, 1,000. I = 625 feet. Of 2 X 3 there are 1,225 feet running lengths, and 2 X 3 is i the length; therefore, 1,225 -- = 612i feet. ON LUMBER SURVEYING. 23 New York Deal Shingle, 3-Inch, No. 2. L ~~~,.. __. Lengths. E X X X X X X X C a co CO n c: C 14......... 14 oooo........ ~.................................. ooooo................ __ __ 24 14 20 16 18 20. 30 15................... 36 20 30 11 5 3 4 16....... 12 6 8 10 1 7 7.......o.................... 17...................;;;~............::;..;;;;;;; 9 24 15 15 16 27 20.......................... 18' "26 8 5 9 8 7 10 12 12 4 3 4 4 10 21................ 16 27. 4 4 4 5 22............................. 22 8 4 3 5 4 ______.................. _ _ _ 12 _ 27 2____ 24 s__3 7 20 26.... -............ 2 1;:;:::.............................''' 5 10 10 9 20 4 6 27........................ ~28~~...... _________ ___ 18 4 5 4 4 5 29......... 29............................... 2__.....__... 30.... 11 9......10 24 20 81 5 4 21 9 P. S.- New York deal is from 12 feet up in length, and from 6 to 12 inches wide, and must be good spruce lumber, free from cracks, rots, or large knots, etc. 24 SELF-INSTRUCTOR Specification of New York Deal Shingle, No. 2. Lengths..E o X X X X X X X Contents. co co..a c Co c co 14 24 14 20 16 18 20 30 4,571 15 36 20 30 11 5 3 4 3,098 16 12 6 8 10 1 7 1,548 17 9 24 15 15 16 27 4,420 18 26 8 5 9 8 7 10 2,744 19 21 12 3 2 1 7 4 1,838 20 12 12 4 3 4 4 10 2,095 21 16 27 4 4 4 5 2,667 22 8 4 3 5 4 3 12 1,991 23 27 20 24 3 7 20 5,089 24 15 4 4 8 4 4 2,070 25 6 10 4 4 3 9 8 2,494 26 5 10 10 9 20 4 6 3,750 27 10 9 4 5 4 5 4 2,315 28 18 4 5 4 4 5 2,429 29 30 11 9 12 5 10 4,401 30 24 20 8 5 4219 5,790 Rule for finding the Contents of 3-Inch Deals. Multiply i of the length of the deals by the breadth of them, for the contents. This shingle is done the same way as the plank shingle No. 1, excepting that 1 of the lengths are taken instead of of them. ON LUMBER SURVEYING. 25 Neew ork Deal Shingle, 4-Inch, No. 3..0 _ Lengths. 8 0 XLengths. X X X X X X.....8 10* ~3... 3*2 10 "' 30 12 14 17 5 15:::::::::........:..:........:::::::: 24 10 11 10 16 21 16 4 7 4 5 5 4 13 7I ]!~........... ~, ~.....I~~~~ ~~~..; *........: 17 9 7'' 11 18 14........ 24 7 2 1 4 3 5 4 19 7 4 4 4 10 6 20 8 6 3 2 10 12 21...................................* _______ 25 __8 4 6 5 4 22 6 7 7 9 12 11 23 8 3 2 3 1 2 3 24 6 4 6 8 3 8 l 6 Rule for finding the Contents of 4-Inch Deals. Multiply the length divided by 3 by the breadth for the contents in feet of board measure. 26 SELF-INSTRUCTOR What are the contents of 32 pieces 14 feet long and 4 X 6? 32 X 14 = 448 feet of running length, then 14 -. 3 = 42 = 1 of length of each piece. And 4 X 6 inches by the table is = 2 times the length, for the contents, therefore 448 X 2 = 896 feet = contents. By taking 1 of the length, it is done thus, 32 pieces X 6, their breadth = 192 X 4- = 896 feet, contents. Or multiply the number of pieces by the length of one, and the product by 1 of the width of the deals for the contents of 4-inch. Specification of New York Deal Shingle, 4-inch, No. 3. Lengths. l X X X XXX X contents. U0'f, {x x x, x x 14 32 10 30 12 14 17 5 4,653 15 24 10 11 10 16 21 4,150 16 4 7 4 5 4 13 2,133 17 9 7 11 18 14 24 4,709 18 7 2 1 4 3 5 4 1,398 19 7 4 4 4 10 5 1,887 20 8 6 3 2 10 12 2,607 21 25 8 4 6 5 4 2,891 22 6 7 7 9 12 11 3,777 23 8 3 2 3 1 2 3 1,380 24 6 4 53 3 116 2,832 Total, 32,417 feet. ON LUMBER SURVEYING..27 Solution of Specification No. 3. No. Br. Products. No. Br. Products. No. Br. Products. 32 X 6 192 9 X 6 54 8 X 6- 48 10 X 7= 70 8 X 7 56 6 X 7 42 5X12= 60 1 X 9= 99 3 X 9 27 30 X 8 240 18 X 10 180 2 X 10 20 12 X 9- 108 14 X 11 - 154 10 X 11= 110 14 X 10 = 140 24 X 12- 288 12 X 12- 144 17 X 11= 187 831 391 997 17 3 — 5 20 - 3 = 62 14 - 3 41 Contents, 4,709 Contents, 2,607 Contents, 4,653 7 X 6 42 25 X 6 150 24 X 6 144 2X 7= 14 8 X 8 64 10 X 7- 70 1X 8= 8 4 X 9 36 11 X 8- 88 4 X 9- 36 6 X 10= 60 10 X 10 = 100 3 X 10- 30 5 X 11 — 55 16 X 11 176 5X 11- 55 4 X 12 — 48 21 X 12 = 252 4 X 12 48 ------- ~ 413 830 233 21 - 3 7 15 3- 5 18 -- 3 6 Contents, 2,891 Contents, 4,150 Contents, 1,398 - _~- 6 X 7- 42 4 X 6 24 7X 6= 42 7X 8= 56 7X 7- 49 4 X 7 28 7 X 9 63 4 X 8- 32 4 X 8- 32 9 X 10 = 90 5 X 9 45 4 X 9 36 12 X 11 132 5 X 10= 50 10 X 10= 100 11 X 12- 132 4 X 11= 44 5 X 12 60 12 X 13- 156 515 298 22 * 3- 71 400 19 - 3- 6 16 + 3 51. Contents, 3,777 Contents, 1,887 Contents, 2,133 28 SELF-INSTRUCTOR Solution of Specification No. 3. — (Continued.) No. Br. Products. No. Br. Products. 8X 6 48 6X 6= 36 3X 7= 21 4X 7= 28 24 feet being the 2X 8 - 16 5 X 8= 40 length of the pieces 3X 9 27 3 X 9 27 in the last column, 1X 10- 10 3 X 10 30 Itaketheofit 2X 11 = 22 11 X 11- 121 8, and multiply it 3 X 12 = 36 6 X 12 - 72 by the product of the No. of pieces 180 354 and their breadths. 23~ 3- 71 24. 3- 8 Contents, 1,380 Contents, 2,832 Rule for computing 5-inch Timber. Multiply the number of pieces in each square of the shingle, by their width as given in the top column, and the product by the length divided by 2A for the contents. By multiplying the length of a 5-inch stick by the width of the same, and the product by the length divided by 2], you will get the contents in feet of Board Measure. Required the contents of 33 pieces 10 feet long of 5 X 5. 1st Solution. - 33 X 10 = 330 X 2T- 6871 feet. 2d Solution.-Find the contents of 10 pieces 33 feet long and 5 by 5. 10 X 5 50, 33 - 2 —~ X 3?tW =-131, therefore 50 X 13=- 687~- Ans. ON LUMBER SURVEYING. 29 Timber Shingle Five-inch, No. 4..... 0 10 10 _0 20...'7 2 5 216 2 1 5 21 8 6 5 8 5 5 4 4 22 6............ 2 8 5 6 23 716 2 5 5 8 2 8 24 ""20 7 8 83 8 15 9 25 *2 1 1 2 4 4 5 26 7 8 2 1 4 4 2 1 Lengths.. X X X X X X X 80; # @12 6 3 8.. 3 8 2 7 36 8 8 8 6 9 320 7 7 2 4 18 2 1 3 "10 4 2 1 8 9 4 30 SELF-INSTRUCTOR Specifcation of Five-inch Timber Shingle, No. 4... i. 00 00 00 26......... 12 18 12 9 7 27 _______ 5 5 3 3 8 28 ______ 2 3 6 5 4 29.................. 29 5 4 3 71 5 30 _________ 10 2 10 8 31 6 2 2 8 32 4 1 2 3 4 5 4 5 7_ _ 34 3 2 6 5 2 35.________ ___ 3 9 __________ 12 6 7 9.,............ 37.........................e......... M_____ 15 7 ____-5 7 24 2821 832 Rule for finding the Contents of 8 by 8 Timber. Divide the length by 1, and multiply the quotient by the width of the timber for the contents in feet of board measure. 36 SELF-INSTRUCTOR EXAMPLE showing how the first column of 8-inch specification is done. Br. No. pieces each 26 feet long. 8X12= 96 26 - 1-=. 9 X 18 = 162 Invert the divisor, 10 x 12 120 x - = 32 17. 11 X 9- 99 12X 7- 84 561 26- 1= 17~ 3927 561 187 9724 feet = contents. Specification Shingle, Eight-inch. No. 7. Lengths. S X X X X X ontents. 26 12 18 12 9 7 9,537 27 5 5 3 3 8 4,392 28 2 3 6 5 4 3,845 29 5 4 3 7 5 4,698 30 10 3 2 10 8 6,660 31 5 2 2 8 3,782 32 4 1 2 3 4 3,029 33 5 4 5 7 7 6,314 34 3 2 6 5 2 4,103 35 5 3 9 4,060 36 12 6 7 9 8,040 37 15 7 24 21 32 25,604 Total, 8,4064 feet. ON LUMBER SURVEYING. 37 Timber Shingle, Nine-inch. No. 8. Lengths. X X X 26........... 26 6 14 6 5 27...... 18 12 61 6 28 2 8 4 2 29 4 3 2 4 30 _________ ____6 2 6 31 i d8 3h 4 4 32 and_________6_ 54 2 15 33 2 1 6 3 34 2 2 4 8 35 _________ 2 4 6 5 36 6 6 2 1 3 Rule for finding the Contents of Nine-inch Timber. Divide the length by 1ai and multiply the quotient by the breadth of the stick for the contents. Required the contents of a piece of timber 9 X 12 inches and 26 feet long? 26 - 191. 19{ X 12= — 234- =contents. 3 2 38 SELF-INSTRUCTOR Timber Shingle, Ten-inch. No. 9. 26 ~ ~....... 27.______ 4 5 4 28.................. 2611 8 11 29.............. 8 3 4 30 4 6 4 31 6 2 1 32....... 27 3 3 33 5 6 5 34 36...................... _ 12 25 24 __________________,, _ 1."""*...........^ ON LUMBER SURVEYING. 39 Specification of Timber Shingle, Nine-inch. No. 8. Lengths. I X X X X Contents............ _, 26 6 14 6 5 6,240 27 18 12 5 5 8,039 28 2 3 4 2 2,436 29 4 3 2 4 2,958 30 6 2 5 3,195 31 8 3 4 4 4,510 32 5 4 2 15 6,888 33 2 1 5 3 2,945 34 2 2 4 3 3,009 35 2 4 5 5 4,541 36 6 2 1 3 3,267 Contents, 48,028 feet. Specification of Timber Shingle, Ten-inch. No. 9. fi o - ^ c Lengths. 1 X X X Contents. 26 36 13 5 12,198 27 4 5 4 3,297 28 11 5 11 6,930 29 8 3 4 3,891 30 4 6 4 3,850 31 6 2 1 2,428 32 27 3 3 9,040 33 5 5 5 4,587 34 3 2 6 3,513 35 1 2 5 2,683 36 12 25 24 20,490 Contents, 72,907 feet. 40 SELF-INSTRUCTOR Rule for Ten-inch Timber. Divide the length by 1j and multiply the quotient by the breadth, for the contents in feet of board measure. Required the contents of a stick 36 feet long 10 inches by 11 inches? 36 - 1i- 30, and 30 X 11 = 330 feet= contents. 2d Solution.-By the table 10 X 11 is 9 times the length, for the contents; therefore, 36 feet X 9- = 330 feet = contents. EXAMPLES showing how 9 and 10 inch specifications are made out. 1!ine-inch. Ten-inch. Br. Pieces. Pro. Br. Pieces. Pro. 9X 6= 54 10X36==360 10 X 14-140 11 X 13=143 11 X 6= 66 12X 5= 60 12 X 5= 60 --- 563 563 320 2 211 26 - 1= 19- - 3)1126 563 2880 - 1126 320 375 375 160.____ 12,198 feet Contents- 6240 Length, 26 - 1I; 1 = Length, 26. 11; 1- = = inverted to i; X f Q. Inverted =-; X 3 _ - 211. = = 191. P. S. — All the specifications in this book are done in a manner similar to the specification of the Plank Shingle No. 1. o. O..4.. j Dimen-' ions. ___.____ ___ I 0 20.1ll l il ~ 11X1 2 I SI I I OI;:': *: ~;: 1 1 1 x 2 Rule for finding the Contents of Eleven-inch Timber. Divide the length by 1Ty and multiply the quotient by the breadth for the contents in feet. What are the contents of a piece of timber 20 feet long and 11 X 12 inches? 20- l~ 1 — 185; 18a X 12 = 220 feet= Ans. Cr~ 42 SELF-INSTRUCTOR Timber Shingle, Twelve-inch, No. 11. A N,CZ 00 0 Lengths. gl X X X X.............. e c e e ee eMe 20 25...... 16 4 4... 16 21.... 8 2 1 1 2 22 4 1 2 2 8 23 2 1 2 1 24 8 8 8 1 2 25 4 1 1 8 1 26 I 1 2 2 1 4 27 2 8 3 2 3 28 1 2 3 4 4 29 4 8 1 1 2 30 2 2 3 2 Rule for Twelve-inch Timber. Multiply the length by the width for the contents in feet. Required, the contents of 16 pieces of 12 X 20 inch timber, and 20 feet long? 16 X 20 =320. 320 X 20 = 6,400 feet = contents in feet of board measure. ON LUMBER SURVEYING. 43 Specification of Shingle No. 10. -: _,,,,.' Lengths. ~ 1 11 X 11 11 X 12 Contents. 20 24 36 12,760 21 6 4 2,194 22 9 3 2.722 23 4 2 1,434 24 5 1 1,774 25 5 3 2,085 26 1 2 834 27 5 3 2,252 28 5 2 2,028 29 6 4 3,030 30 5 2 2,272 Total, 33,285 Specification of Shingle No. 11. ^ - - -, cq Lengths. X X X X Contents. eq X 4= j 21 X 10o 2= By this rule 21 X 12 2- X 5-= 1 21 X 11 = 2j is = 21 times the length, 2- X 6 =1 21 X 12 = 21 for the contents, therefore 2j X 7 = 1- 22 ft. X 2 = 55 ft. Ans. Batten Shingle, No. 12. ~ "" ~ 0 r1 ~e ~ Length X X X X 20........... 4 16 8 4 2 12 4 21 8 8 4 4 8 4 8.... 22 9 4 8 8 2 1 8 23 4 8 4 4 8 83 26~ I |~ r. ~~ I......... s 25 6 9 4 8 8 8 2 26 428 2 1 8.. $24 4 2 1 4 ON LUMBER SURVEYING. 45 Rule for finding the Contents of Battens. Divide the length of the piece by 4t, and multiply the product by the breadth of the piece, for the contents in feet; or multiply the length by the number given in the table for the contents. Ans. 30 feet. What are the conntents of a batten 24 feet long 2 by 6? 2- X 6, by the Table, is = to 14 times the length; 24 X 1= -30 feet. Second Solution. - 24. 4 =- 5; 5 X 6 — 30 feet. The specification is made out according to the last solution. Specification of Batten Shingle, No. 12., _. -o - ^ S lengths. g X X X X X X X Contents. C Cq Ceq V cq fex Cq 20 45 15 8 4 2 12 4 2,812 21 8 3 4 4 3 4 3 1,080 22 9 4 3 3 2 1 3 917 23 4 3 4 4 3 3 4 1,073 24 12 8 4 2 1 4 12 1,880.25 6 9 4 3 3 3 2 1,276 26 24 8 4 3 2 1 3 1,765 Total, 10,803 Random Shingle No. 13, for any Dimension. (Contents given in the Columns.) a4 CD O? 0a t_ C1 0b Co00 d q x x x x< X X X X X X x p C 3 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2.,:1 6 o6 0 o 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2' to 5 7 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 oo~ 8 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 - |P 9 O 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 8 3 3 8 8 cn' { 10 O O O 1 11 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 8 3 3 4 I. I ~ S 20 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 7 8 31 0 1 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 6 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 10 101111 Sl1^ $40 1 1 2 3 3 4, 6 6 7 7 8 9 9 10 11 11 12 12 13 14 14 15.n / 1 2 2 3 4 5 6. 7 7 8 9 10 11 12 12 13 14 1516 16 17 18 19 ^ 1. 60 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 5- F " 70 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 20 21 22 23 24 25 26' 80 1 3 4 5 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 16 17 18 20 21 22 24 25 26 28 29 30 9) 1 3 4 6 7 9 10 12 13 15 16 18 19 21 22 24 25 27 28 30 81 33 34 I 100 2 3 5 7 8 10 12 131 15 16 18 20 21 23 25 26 28 30 31 33 85 36 38 200 3 7 10 13 16 20 23 2 0 30 3336 89 43 46 49 63 66 69 62 66'972 76 300 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 33 44 49 54 69 64 69 74 79 84 89 94 99 1.04 1.08 113 8 400 7 13 2) 26 33 40 46 53 59 66 72 79 85 92 99 1.05 1.12 1.18 1.25 1.32 1.381.45 1 51 500 8 16 25 33 41 49 63 65 74 82 9 991.07 1.151. 23 1.32 1.401.481.56 1.64 1.73 1.81 1.89 1000 16 33 49 66 82 99 1.15 1.32 1.48 1.64 1.81 1.97 2.14 2.30 2. 47 2.63 2.79 2.963.12 3.9 3 45 3.62 3.8 INTEREST TABLE- Continued. I ^.. Days.. 21 25 23 27 28 29 30 1Mo. 2 Mo. 3 Mo. 1Yr. 2Yr. 3 Yr. 4Yr. 6Yr. 6 Yr. " ~ DOLLS. $ C. $ C. C C. $ C. $ c. $. $c. $ c. $ c. A c. $ C. $ C. c. $ c. $ c. $ C. vl $ l 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 6 12 18 24 30 36 S- 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 12 24 386 48 60 72 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 18 36 54 72 90.08 an 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 6 24 48 72 96 1.20 1.44 5: =tc ='1" o, 5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 5 7 30 60 90 1.20 1.50 1.80 7 1.'^ L3 6 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 6 9 36 72 1.08 1.44 1.80 2.16 Is3 ^ 7 3 3 3 8 3 3 3 3 7 10 42 841.26 1.68 2.10 2.62 ^ 8 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 8 12 48 96 1.44 1.92 2.40 2.88 0o00 D o9 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 9 13 54 1.08 1.62 2.16 2.70 3.24 ^ 11) 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 10n 15 60 1.20 1.80 2.40 3.00 3.60 A g o I 20 8 8 9 9 9 10 10 10 20 3 1.20 2.40 3.60 4.80 6.00 7.20 M COS o g 30 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 30 45 1.80 3.60 6.40 7.20 9.00 10.80 H * 5 5*, 40 16 16 17 18 18 19 2) 2( 40 60 2.40 4.80 7.20 9.60 12.00 14.40 g S ~i i 0 50 20 21 21 22 23 24 25 25 50 75 3.00 6.00 9.00 12.00 15.00 18.00 ~ g bo oC 5. 60 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 30 60 90 3.60 7.20 10.80 14.41 18.00 21.60 bW ~'c g t 3 70 28 29 3) 31 32 33 35 35 70 1.05 4.20 8.40 12.60 16.80 21.00 25.20 i4 s. o I.P 80 32 33 34 36 37 33 3-) 40 80 1.20 4.RO 9.60 14.40 19.20 24.00 28.80 a^ ~ 5 5 90 36 37 38 4) 41 43 44 45 90 1.3r 5.40 10.80 ln.20 21.60 27.00 32.40 11 100 39 41 43 44 46 48 49 60 1.00 15() 6.00 12.00 18.00 24.00 30.00 36.00 " 200 9 82 85 89 92 95 99 1.0b 2.00 3.00 12.00 24.00 86.00 48.00 60.00 72.00 II II 1 8 300( 1.18 1.23 1.28 1.33 1.38 1.43 1.48 1.50 3.00 4.50 18.00 36.00 64.00 72.00 90.00 108.00 n OC" 5 3 400 1.58 1.64 1.71 1.78 1.84 1.91 1.97 2.00 4.00 6.00 24.00 48.00 72.00 96.00 120.00 144.00:x oO - 6 00 1.97 2.05 2.14 2.22 2.30 2.38 2.47 2. 50 5 00 7.50 30.00 60.00 90.00 120.001150.00 180.00 o $1000 3.95 4.11 4.27 4.41 4.60 4.77 4.93 5.00 10.00 15.00 60.00 120.00 180.00 240.001800.00 360.00 O Rule for computing interest at any rate per cent. by the above table. - Find the interest by the table of the given & sum for the time given. Divide the interest found by 6. and multiply the quotient by the given rate per cent., and c the resullt will be the required interest. EXAMPLE. - Required, the interest of $1000 for 1 year, at 8 per cent. a, Interest of $1000 for 1 year, by the table = $60..5 $60 6 = $10. $10 X 8 = $80, the interest of $1000 at 8 per cent. for one year = Ans. 00 LUMBER SURVEYOR'S SCALE. ~ Lengths in feet. Inches Diameter. 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 21 22 24 26 28 3 32 4 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 6 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 31 88 36 39 42 45 48 61 54 67 60 63 66 69 72 75 7 16 20 24 28 2 36 40 42 44 48 62 6 1 65 69 73 77 81 85 89 9 97102 8 21 26 32 37 43 48 4 7 69 65 70 4 80 85 90 96 101 106 112 1171 12 8134 9 26 33 40 47 64 61 68 72 75 82 89 94 101 108 114 121 128 135 141 144 55162168 10 33 41 49 67 66 75 84 88 98 102 111 116 125 133 141 150 158 166 175 183 191 200 208 t 11 40 5 60 70 80 90 100 10 10 120 142 154 164 176 186 198 208 220 281 242 252 264 286 12 48 60 72 84 96 108 120 126 132 144 168 182 194 208 220 234 246 260 273 286 298 312 336 13 56 70 84 98 112 126 140 147 154 168 196 212 226 242 256 273 287 303 318 338 347 364 392 o 14 65 81 98 114 130 147 163 171 179 196 226 245 261 280 297 315 331 350 867 384 401 420 450 15 75 93 112 131 150 168 187 196 205 224 256 280 299 3&0 336 360 379 400 419 439 458 480 5156 16 85 106 128 146 170 192 213 223 234 256 298 323 344 368 390 415 436 461 484 509 531 554 596 17 99 124 149 174 198 223 248 261 275 298 346 374 398 427 452 481 506 634 662 590 618 642 690 0 18 114 143 172 200 229 258 286 301 15 344 336 428 457 490 519 6552 80 612 644 674 703 736 788 o 19 130 163 196 228 261 294 326 343 359 392 453 1490 523 561 594 631 663 701 736 771 804 842 9083 20 150 187 225 262 300 337 375 393 412 450 5;9 650 688 627 664 707 745 786 825 865 903 944 1003 21 163 206 247 288 3297 370 411 432 453 494 560 605 644 689 7J2 778 829 864 9* 8 951 992 1038 1104 22 181 226 272 317 362 408 453 476 498 544 614 653 698 738 74 853 898 948 995 104211088 1138 1208 28 188 248 297 336 376 445 495 519 544 594 f;O 1716 756 808 877 931 981 105 1088 1138 118 1242 1308 24 216 269 324 380 432 486 40 569 594 648 3U 178 840 898 952 1011 1065 1123 1181 1235 1289 1368 14 Log Rule for computing contents of logs from 4 inches in diameter to 16 inches in diameter. Multiply the square of the diameter by the length and divide the product by 24, for the contents in feet of board measure. READY RECKONER, FOR COMPUTING MEN'S WAGES BY THE MdNTH, OF TWENTY-SIX DAYS. From $3.00 to $ioo.oo per Month. DAYS. $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9 $10 $11 $12 $13 $14 $15 $16 $17 $18 $19 $20 $25 $30 $40 $50 $60 $70 $80 $90 $100 1.11.15.19.23.27.31.35.39.42.46.50.54.58.62.66.69.73.77.96 1.16 1.54 1.92 2.32 2.73 3.08 3.48 3.84 2.23.31.39.46.54.62.69.77.85.92 1.00 1.08 1.16 1.23 1.31 1.39 1.46 1.54 1.92 2.31 3.08 3.84 4.62 5.39 6.16 6.93 7.68 3.34.46.58.69.81.92 1.04 1.16 1.27 1.39 1.50 1.62 1.73 1.85 1.96 2.08 2.19 2.31 2.89 3.46 4.62 5.78 6.92 8.12 9.24 10.38 11.56 4.46.61.77.93 1.08 1.23 1.39 1.54 1.69 1.85 2.00 2.16 2.31 2.46 2.62 2.77 2.92 3.08 3.85 4.62 6.16 7.70 9.24 10.78 12.32 13.86 15.40 5.57.77.96 1.15 1.35 1.54 1.73 1.92 2.12 2.31 2.50 2.69 2.89 3.08 3.27 3.46 3.65 3.85 4.81 5.77 7.70 9.62 11.54 13.44 15.40 17.31 19.24 6.69.92 1.16 1.38 1.62 1.85 2.08 2.31 2.54 2.77 3.00 3.23 3.46 3.69 3.92 4.16 4.38 4.62 5.77 6.92 9.2411.54 13.84 16.17 18.48 20.76 23.08 7.81 1.08 1.35 1.62 1.89 2.16 2.42 2.69 2.96 3.23 3.50 3.77 4.04 4.31 4.58 4.85 5.12 5.39 6.73 8.0 10.78 13.46 16.16 18.83 21.56 24.24 26.92 8.92 1.23 1.54 1.85 2.16 2.46 2.77 3.08 3.39 3.69 4.00 4.31 4.62 4.92 5.23 5.54 5.85 6.16 7.69 9.23 12.32 15.38 18.46 21.56 24.64 27.69 30.76 9 1.04 1.38 1.73 2.08 2.43 2.77 3.12 3.46 3.81 4.16 4.50 4.85 5.19 5.54 5.89 6.23 6.58 6.93 8.66 10.38 13.86 17.32 20.76 24.22 27.72 31.14 34.64 10 1.15 1.54 1.92 2.31 2.69 3.08 3.46 3.85 4.23 4.62 5.00 5.39 5.77 6.15 6.54 6.92 7.31 7.69 9.62 11.5h 15.38 19.24 23.08 26.95 30.76 34.62 38.48 11 1.27 1.69 2.12 2.54 2.96 3.39 3.81 4.23 4.65 5.08 5.50 5.92 6.35 6.77 7.19 7.62 8.04 8.46 10.58 12.6? 16.92 21.16 25.38 29.61 33.84 38.07 42.32 12 1.38 1.84 2.31 2.76 3.23 3.69 4.16 4.62 5.08 5.54 6.00 6.46 6.92 7.39 7.85 8.31 8.77 9.23 11.54 13.8 18 46 23.08 27.70 32.34 36.92 41.55 46.16 13 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50 6.00 6.50 7.00 7.50 8.00 8.50 9.00 9.50 10.00 12.50 15.0? 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00 45.00 50.00 14 1.61 2.15 2.69 3.23 3.77 4.31 4.85 5.39 5.92 6.46 7.00 7.54 8.08 8.62 9.16 9.69 10.23 10.77 13.46 16.11 21.54 26.92 32.3237.73 43.08 48.48 53.84 15 1.73 2.31 2.89 3.46 4404 4.62 5.19 5.77 6.35 6.92 7.50 8,08 8.66 9.23 9.81 10.39 10.96 11.54 14.43 17.311 23.08 28.86 34.62 40.39 46.16 51.93 57.72 16 1.84 2.46 3.08 3.69 4.31 4.925.54 6.15 6.77 7.39 8.00 8*62 9.23 9.85 10.4611.08 11.69 12.31 15.39 18.46 24.62 30.78 36.9243.05 49.24 55.38 61.56 17 1.96 2.61 3.27 3.92 4.58 5.23 5.89 6.54 7.19 7.85 8.50 9.16 9.81 10.46 11.12 11.77 12.42 13.08 16.35 19.6~ 26.16 32.70 39.24 45.78 52.32 58.86 65.40 18 2.08 2.77 3.46 4.16 4.85 5.54 6.23 6.92 7.62 8.31 9.00 9.6910.39 11.08 11.77 12.46 13.15 13.85 17.31 20.77 27.70 34.62 41.54 48.44 55.40 62.31 69.24 19 2.19 2.92 3.66 4.39 5.12 5.85 6.58 7.31 8.04 8.77 9.50 10.23 10.96 11.69 12.42 13.16 13.89 14.62 18.27 21.9 29.24 36.54 43.84 51.17 58.48 65.76 73.08 20 2.31 3.08 3.85 4.62 5.39 6.16 6.92 7.69 8.46 9.23 10.00 10.77 11.54 12.31 13.08 13.85 14.62 15.39 19.23 23.08 30.78 38.46 46.16 53.83 61.56 69.24 76.92 21 2.42 3.23 4.04 4.85 5.66 6.46 7.27 8.08 8.89 9.69 10.50 11.31 12.12 12.92 13.73 14.54 15.35 16.16 20.19 24.23 32.32 40.38 48.46 56.56 64.64 72.69 80.76 22 2.54 3.38 4.23 5.08 5.92 6.77 7.62 8.46 9.31 10.16 11.00 11.85 12.69 13.54 14.39 15.23 16.08 16.92 21.15 25.38 33.84 42.30 50.76 59.22 67.68 76.14 84.60 23 2.65 3.54 4.43 5.31 6.19 7.08 7.96 8.85 9.73 10.62 11.50 12.39 13.27 14.15115.04 15.92 16.81 17.69 22.12 26.54 35.38 44.24 53.08 61.95 70.7679.62 88.48 24 2.77 3.69 4.62 5.54 6.46 7.39 8.31 9.23 10.16 11.08 12.00 12.92 13.85 14.77 15.69 16.62 17.54 18.46 23.08 27.69 36.92 46.16 55.38 64.61 73.84 83.07 92.32 25 2.88 3.84 4.81 5.77 6.73 7.69 8.66 9.62 10.58 11.54 12.50 13.46 14.42 15.39 16.35 17.31 18.27 19.23 24.04 28.85 38.46 48.08 57.70 67.34 76.92 86.55 96.16 26 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 25.00 30.Q0 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 100.00 EXAMPLE. If a person has engaged for $47 per month, and works but 13 days, the figures under $17 and $30 can be added together as follows: —13 days at $17 amounts to $8.50, and the iame at $30 amounts to $15; if both are added together, we have $23.50, which is at the rate of $47 per month, and so with any other amount. 75 $4.87-} $5.00 $5.121- $5.25 $5.37 $5.50 $5.50 $5.62+ $5.75 $5.871 $6.00 75; 4.871i 5.00 5.12k 5.25 5.37k 5.50 5.62i 5.75 5.872 6.00 50 9.75 10.00 10.25 10.50 10.75 11.00 11.25 11.50 11.75 12.00.25 14.62 15.00 15.37 15.75 16.12 16.50 16.87 17.25 17.62 18.00.00 19.50 20.00 20.50 21.00 21.50 22.00 22.50 23.00 23.50 24.00 75 24.37 25.00 25.62 26.25 26.87 27.50 28.12 28.75 29.37 30.00 10. 29.25 30.00 30.75 31.50 32.25 33.00 33.75 34.50 35.25 36.00 25 34.12 35.00 35.87 36.75 37.62 38.50 39.37 40.25 41.12 42.00:i0 39.00 40.00 41.00 42.00 43.00 44.00 45.00 46.00 47.00 48.00 j5 43.87 45.00 46.12 47.25 48.37 49.50 50.62 51.75 52.87 54.00 48.75 50.00 51.25 52.50 53.75 55.00 56.25 57.50 V.75 60.00 5153.62 55.00 56.37 57.75 59.12 60.50 61.87 63.25 64.62 66.00 58.50'60.00 61.50 63.00 64.50 66.00 67.50 69.00 70.50 72.00 5 63.37 165.00 66.62 68.25 69.87 71.50 73.12 74.75 76.37 78.00 68.25 70.00 71.75 73.50 75.25 77.00 78.75 80.50 82.25 84.00 [ 73.12 75.00 76.87 78.75 80.62 82.50 84.37 86.25 88.12 90.00 78.00 80.00 82.00 84.00 86.00 88.00 89.00 92.00 94.00 96.00 82.87 85.00 87.12 89.25 91.37 93.50 95.62 97.75 99.87 102.00 187.75 90.00 92.25 94.50 96.75 99.00 101.25 103.50 105.75 108.00'92.62 95.00 97.37 99.75 102.12 104.50 106.87 109.25 111.62 114.00 97.50 100.00 102.50 105.00 107.50 110.00 112.50 115.001117.40 120.00 102.37 105.00 107.52 110.25 112.87 115.50 118.02 120.75 123.37 126.00 107.25 110.00 112.75 115.50 118.25 121.00 123.75 126.50 129.25 132.00 1 12.12 115.0( 117.87 12075 123.62 126.50 129.37 132.2.5 135.12 138.00 qo(117.00 120.00 123.00 126.00 129.00 132.00 135.00 138.00 141.00 144.00 j5121.87 125.00 128.12 131.25 134.37 137.50 140.62 143.75 146.87 150.00 h 126.75 130.001133.25 136.50 139.75 143.00 146.25 149.50 152.75 156.00 of cloth at 75 cents per yard 75 cents == $11.25, which being doubled, giv es-d price of 30 ON LUMBER SURVEYING. 81 Rule for finding the Average of Timber, the total lengths and total contents being given. Divide the total contents in feet -by the total length in feet; the square root of the quotient will give the side of the square in feet. Or, Multiply the total contents by 144 and divide the product by the total length, and the quotient will be the area of the end, the square root of which will be the side of the square. EXAMPLE. Length in feet. Side of timber in inches. Contents in cubic feet. 18 12 18 14 17 28 12 12 12 21 17 42 65 feet, total length. Total contents, 100 144 65)14400(221.5384 ^/221.5384 = 14.88 inches nearly. To prove the result, compute the solid contents of one stick 65 feet in length and 14.88 in. side of square, the contents will be 100 feet nearly. Rule for Measuring Hay. Five cubic yards make a ton in well settled mows. If measured after it is taken from the stack or mow, 8 cubic yards make a ton. Rule. -Multiply the length in yards by the height and width in yards, and divide the quotient by 5, if in mow or stack; but if loaded on a wagon or loose in mow, divide by 8 for the number of tons. 82 SELF-INSTRUCTOR STONE-MASON'S WORK FOR BUILDERS, CONTRACTORS, &c. Net measurement is that where all openings through the wall are deducted, and 243 cubic feet allowed to one perch. Gross measurement, where no openings under one perch are deducted, and 25 cubic feet allowed to one perch. All foundation and dimension stone should be measured by the cubic foot. 10 cubic feet of building stone are reckoned equal to a ton of 2,240 lbs.; or 20 square feet in the wall with a thickness of 6 inches. 1,728 cubic inches make 1 cubic foot; 27 cubic feet = 1 cubic yard; 16- feet long, 1 foot high, and 11 feet thick = 1 cubic perch of wall or 241 cubic feet. 13.07 cubic feet of marble = ton; 13.5 cubic feet granite = ton; 14.22 cubic feet common stone ton; 14.83 paving stone = ton; 23.5 cubic feet of sand = ton. Table showing the number of cubic feet of Stone, Marble, or Wood in the following blocks. DIMENSIONS IN FEET. Lngths 2 feet 3 feet 2feet 3j feet 3 feet 4 feet 5 feet 6 feet inFgeet x x x x x x x x n Feet. 3 feet. 4 feet. 4 feet. 4 feet. 3 feet. 4 feet. 5 feet. 6 feet. 2 12 24 16 28 18 32 50 72 3 18 36 24 42 27 48 75 108 4 24 48 32 56 36 64 100 144 5 30 60 40 70 45 80 125 180 6 36 72 48 84 54 96 150 216 7 42 84 56 98 63 112 175 252 8 48 96 64 112 72 128 200 288 EXAMPLE. - Required the number of cubic feet in a block of granite 6 feet long, 2 feet thick, and 4 feet wide? By the table, opposite 6 feet long and under the dimension 2 feet by 4 feet will be found 48 cubic feet = Ans. TABLE FOR CALCULATING WAGES, EXPENSES, ETC., BY THE WEEK OF SEVEN DAYS. FROM FIFTY CENTS TO TWENTY-FIVE DOLLARS. Rate of Number of Days. ateof Number of Days. Wages Wages per per Week. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Week. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 $0.50.07.14.21.29.36.43.50 $7.50 1.07 2.14 3.21 4.28 5.35 6.43 7.50 0.621.08.17.26.35.44.53.621 8.00 1.14 2.29 3.43 4.57 5.71 6.86 8.00 0.75.11.21.32.43.54.64.75 8.50 1.21 2.43 3.64 4.85 6.07 7.28 8 50 0.87.12.25.37.50.62.75.5 87 9.00 1.29 2.57 3.86 5.14 6.43 7.71 9.00 1.00.14.29.43.57.71.82 1.00 9.50 1.35 2.71 4.07 5.43 6.78 8.14 9.50 1.12k.16.32.48.64.80.96 1.12' 10.00 1.43 2.86 4.29 5.71 7.14 8.5710.00 1.25.18.36.54.71.89 1.07 1.25 10.50 1.50 3.00 4.50 6.00 7.50 9.00 10.50 1.371.20.39.59.78.98 1.18 1.372 11.00 1.57 3.14 4.71 6.28 7.86 9.43 11.00 1.50.21.43.64.86 1.07 1.291.50 1150 1.643.28 4.92 6.578.21 9.85 11.50 1.622.23.46.69.92 1.16 1.39 1.622 12.00 1.71 3.43 5.14 6.85 8.57 10.28 12.00 1.75.25.50.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 12.50 1.78 3.57 5.35 7.14 8.93 10.71 12.50 2.00.29.57.86 1.14 1.43 1.71 2.00 13.00 1.85 3.71 5.57 7.43 9.28 11.14 13.00 2.121.30.61.92 1.23 1.53 1.84 2.122 13.50 1.92 3.85 5.78 7.71 9.64 11.57 13.50 2.25.32.64.96 1.29 1.61 1.93 2.25 14.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 2.j - _. 7.61 4. 2.07 4.14 6.21 8.29 10.36 12.43 14.50 2.62t.37.75 1.12 1.50 1.87 2.25 2.62 15.00 2. i4 4.28 6.42 8.56 io.70 12.86 15.00 2.75.39.78 1.18 1.57 1.96 2.3512.75 15.50 2.21 4.42 6.63 8.85 11.06 13.29 15.50 2.85k.40.81 1.22 1.63 2.04 2.45 2.852 16.00 2.28 4.58 6.86 9.14 11.42 13.72 16.00 3.00.43.86 1.29 1.71 2.14 2.57 3.00 16.50 2.35 4.71 7.07 9.43 11.78 14.14 16.50 3.25.46.92 1.3911.85 2.32 2.78 3.25 17.00 2.42 4.85 7.28 9.71 12.14114.57 17.00 3.50.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 17.50 2.50 5.00 7.50 10.00 12.50 15.00 17.50 3.75.53 1.0711.60 2.14 2.68 3.21 3.75 18.00 2.58 5.14 7.72 10.28 12.86115.42118.00 4.00.57 1.14 1.71 2.29 2.86 3.43 4.00 18.50 2.65 5.28 7.93 10.57 13.22 15.85 18.50 4.25.60 1.31 1.82 2.43 3.03 3.64 4.25 19.00 2.71 5.43 8.14 10.85 13.57 16.28 19.00 4.50.64 1.29 1.93 2.57 3.21 3.8614.50 19.50 2.7815.57 8.35 11.14 13.93116.71 19.50 4.75.67 1.35 2.03 2.71 3.39 4.67 4.75 20.00 2.85 5.71 8.57 11.43 14.28 17.14 20.00 5.00.71 1.43 2.1412.86 3.57 4.29 5.00 21.00 3.00 6.00 9.00 12.00 15.00 18.00 21.00 5.25.75 1.50 2.25 3.00 3.75 4.50 5.25 21.50 3.07 6.14 9.21 12.29 15.36 18.43 21.50 5.50.78 1.57 2.35 3.14 3.93 4.71 5.50 22.00 3.14 6.28 9.42 12.58 15.72 18.86 22.00 5.75.82 1.65 2.4713.3014.12 4.9515.75 23.00 3.2816.57 9.85 13.15 16.43119.68123.00 6.00.86 1.71 2.57 3.43 4.29 5.14 6.00 24.00 3.42 6.85110.28 13.71 17.14 20.37 24.00 6.25.89 1.78 2.68 3.57 4.46 5.35 6.25 25.00 3.57 7.14 10.71 14.28 17.85 21.43 25.00 6.50.92 1.85 2.78 3.71 4.64 5.57 6.50 6.75.96 1.92 2.89 3.85 4.82 5.78 6.75 7.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 EXAMPLE. What amount of wages must I pay a man for 3 weeks and 4 days at $12.00 per week I By the Table. -4 days at $12.00 per week = $6.85 3 weeks at $12.00 per week = 36.00 $42.85. - Answer. ON LUMBER SURVEYING. 83 Suppose the aforesaid block is 18 feet long, instead of 6 feet, the number of cubic feet will be found by multiplying 48 feet, the contents of the 6 feet block, by 3, which would be, 144 cubic feet. Dimensions not found in the above table will be found in Table page 40. EXAMPLE.- Required the number of cubic feet in a piece of marble 18 inches by 20 inches and 10 feet long? Solution by Table page 40.- 18 by 20 inches is 21 times the length, or 21 cubic feet, for every foot in lengt.; therefore 21 times 10 = 25 cubic feet - Ans. TONNAGE OF VESSELS. Continued from page 67. Carpenter's Rule. Amerca. For single-decked vessels, multiply the length, breadth at the main beam, and depth in the hold together, and divide the product by 95, and the quotient is the tons. But for a double-decked vessel, take half of the breadth of the main beam for the depth of the hold and proceed as before. Carpenter's Rule. English. Take the extreme length from the fore part of the stem under the bowsprit to the after part of the stern post; then subtract three-fifths of the extreme breadth from it; then multiply by the extreme breadth and half the breadth, and divide by 94 for the tonnage. WHAT THE PRESS SAYS OF THE WORK. Extract from the Daily Northwestern, Oshkosh, Wisconsin, Tuesday, September 20th, 1870. We have received a copy of a neatly printed little book from the famous Riverside Press, entitled "The Self-Instructor on Surveying." For the use of Lumber Manufacturers, Surveyors, and Teachers. By Chas. Kinsley, Calais, Me. It contains much information to assist Dealers, Contractors, and other parties engaged in the handling of lumber and timber. From the St. John, N. B., Freeman, August 30th, 1870. We have received from the author, Mr. Chas. Kinsley, a copy of what appears to us to be a very valuable little work on Lumber Surveying, of which every Surveyor should have a copy. It exhibits the theory of surveying and the principles on which the rules are based, as well as the practice. It contains the rules generally adopted by Surveyors, and also other rules more concise and simple, which should be generally known. It contains, also, tables for measuring boards, planks, deals, and timber, by board measure, and various other tables which save much labor. We trust this little work will receive the attention it deserves. From the St. Croix Courier, September 1st, 1870. This is a small volume of rare merit in the department on which it treats. It combines the theoretical part of surveying, and every information necessary for the practical working of the same. The tables are invaluable, and the whole work reflects great credit upon the author, Mr. Kinsley, who is one of our citizens. The best Surveyors, Accountants, Teachers, and Carpenters, on the St. Croix River, have purchased the book and approve of it highly. Several competent judges say, that the WHAT THE PIRESS SAYS OF THE WORK. 85 work is worth $50 to any person who requires it. It is the only system of lumber surveying published; all other works on lumber surveying are merely ready reckoners, and contain neither rule nor system. The tables in the book are worth more than the price of it to any business man. From the St. John, N. B., Globe, August 30th, 1870. " Self-Instructor on Lumber Surveying," is the title of a neat little volume by Chas. Kinsley, Practical Surveyor. The work is intended for the use of Lumber Manufacturers, Surveyors, and Teachers, and combines the theoretical and practical parts of surveying, so explained as to enable the learner to survey all kinds of lumber with accuracy and expertness. It contains a variety of rules, those in common use as well as others that should be better known, for measuring deals, boards, battens, etc., with a variety of tables, and really seems to be a work calculated to save labor of a very arduous kind, as it teaches everything connected with surveying lumber, except the difference in quality, and that can only be learned by practice and experience. From the Commercial Detroit Advertiser and Michigan Home Journal, Detroit, September 24th, 1870. We have received from the publishers a most useful little work written by Mr. Chas. Kinsley, Practical Surveyor and Teacher of Surveying, Calais, Maine. The book contains twelve new rules for finding the superficial contents of lumber. It is a valuable acquisition to any surveyor, and should be in the hands of every business man. References in Calais, Maine. JOHN McADAM AND SON. G. M. PORTER AND SONS. GATES AND WENTWORTH. MURCHIE AND SONS. JAS. S. HALL. G. A. BOARDMAN AND CO. EATON BROTHERS. W. S. HALL. WANTED. AGENTS to sell this Book, throughout the United States, the Dominion of Canada, California, and Oregon. Exclusive territory given. Good inducements to agents. The book will be sent to any address, free of postage, on receipt of Two Dollars. Send Post-Office orders, or by express. Address CHARLES KINSLEY, Calais, Me., or St. Stephen, N. B. NOTE. ALL Lumber Manufacturers, Lumber Dealers, Millmen, Carpenters, Carriage Makers, Shipbuilders, Cabinet Makers, Ship Brokers, Ship Carpenters, Railroad Conductors, Engineers, Machinists, Freight Agents, Teachers, Students, Architects, Merchants, Accountants, and others, will find it to their advantage to procure a copy of this book, as the knowledge it imparts may save them in'a few years' practice hundreds of dollars. The book contains twelve new rules for finding the superficial contents of lumber, which do the same work as one hundred and fifty of the rules generally used. CHARLES KINSLEY. W All orders for this book in future should be directed to CHARLES KINSLEY, Clinton, Iowa, U. S. April, 1873.