TRANSPORTATION LIBRARY ` - 520 'R?) 5 A 757.577 No. Iransportatioa Library TF * THIS BOOK IS THE PRO()ERTY OF THE GRAND CENTRAL STATION AND HARLEM LINE ANDI IS O)ANK) TO A,1\- A, Ill1....YE1) AS ' W ^(IA %~ Who hereby agrees to return it to the proper officer when called for, or upon leaving the service. I I HARLEM-LINE Fsaoo^yrR/ W A I ss y / T/7 T- -//7, /- Gr- - + M [,,r-o-CTE/C / - /" T/'0 -,.. C. -/JP rC#IQT - NV/L AA-Y- L //SIcs r-/\-O — — E —,- oT, Pev_- I - c'~^/Uc 'TO, |S - /i/9JF^?/r -i r-C- o a gE - ( I-S/4ArZ.~, y- -r.- II | "-s -5,,,qcv- 1 J - S-V! - 3 y7 ^ o-' - I t ' '. I I - r,,~'y/ e.,- I 1 —,oGSr, Ff','- / l I (-sU[,,. v/,so, -_ - or- Z/ <^^ LSI tr//7- f ) I -'-'"P""' / " —i 1 — ---.! f - 1 I -,s ^ ~,., ^T-!., I - I 1 I-aRoT_ J I- I V/VC-CH' fL- - \ s - j_,,, /.. -- t <-,?oq - - -. t — o/VM7f - 1! - C/?. r- S -j - c /CS- I-,,=o,,,,=NGurNziS- l I I -F/rfC tg l I-rss7-/RG^A/3-\I I — T'/C- C I \_ __I - -77 _7 _ j q r 7-7_ -,,-/R - _ oo-,,o,,,,- I [-DyTb^- 6 6MAs7Ref \ ~Cl~~ -/f - - -I IO rlS I-"ocor"orv'!l I I-o'o.r',',' - I I - 0 7 Z - I [ -~w ^^T^^ \ -ryr~jF - I i I f1 - fC- C -O'S '77..'. ( OF - - - - --- - - I - *1I aIt, CI'\y/ 3"~o RULES OF THE GRAND CENTRAL STATION AND HARLEM LINE FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE EMPLOYES SUPERSEDING ALL EXISTING ORDERS OR INSTRUCTIONS INCONSISTENT THEREWITH TO TAKE EFFECT JANUARY 1, 1904 - x~ IR 1 Me'rk t INDEX. PAGE General Notice..................................... 6 General Rules..................................... 9 Definitions......................................... 15 Standard T im e...................................... 23 Certificate of Watch Inspector......................... 23 Time-tables........................................ 24 Signal R ules........................................ 25 V isible Signals.................................. 26 Color Signals.................................. 26 Hand, Flag and Iamp Signals................... 26 Audible Signals.............................. 28 Engine Steam Whistle Signals.................... 28 Air Whistle or Bell-cord Signals.................. 29 T rain Signals................................... 29 Fixed Signals................................. 32 Use of Signals................................ 32 Classification of Trains............................... 33 M ovem ent of Trains................................. 34 Rules for Movement by Train Orders..................43 Form s of Train Orders............................... 53 Rules for Reporting Accidents........................ 65 Train Masters..................................... 71 Chief Train Dispatchers.............................. 72 Train Dispatchers.............................. 72 Telegraph Operators..............................75 Telegraph Numerals.......................... 79 Levermen......................................... o Yard Masters.......................,............... S Station Masters..................................... 82 Station A gents...................................... 85 Doormen......................................... 87 A ttendants..................................... 87 Station Baggage Masters............................ 88 3 4 PAGE Baggagemen....................................... 88 Baggage Elevatormen............................... 89 Conductors........................................ 9I Train Baggagemen.................................. 94 Trainmen......................................... 96 M aster M echanic................................... 98 Enginemen...................................... oo Firemen......................................... 107 Engineer Maintenance of W ay....................... IO9 Supervisor of Track................................ 09 Section, Work Train, and Extra Gang Foremen........ 25 Drawbridge Tenders................................ I45 Drawbridge Bell Code............................. I47 Work Train Conductors............................. I47 Supervisor of Signals............................... I48 Signal Foremen..................................... I52 Repairmen................................... 153 B atterym en........................................ 163 Lampmen and Tunnel Flagmen....................... I66 Diagrams of Train Signals......................... I7I T HE rules herein set forth govern all employes of the Grand Central Station and Harlem Line, and employes of the New York Central & Hudson River Railroad, and the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad Companies, while at the Grand Central Station or on the Harlem Line. IRA A. MCCORMACK, /Manager. 5 GENERAL NOTICE. TO enter, or remain in, the service is an assurance of willingness to obey the rules. Obedience to the rules is essential to the safety of Passengers and Employes, and to the protection of property. The service demands the faithful, intelligent and courteous discharge of duty. To obtain promotion capacity must be shown for greater responsibility. Employes are advised that, in accepting employment, they assume the accompanying risks, and are expected to look after, and be responsible for, their own safety, as well as to exercise the utmost caution to avoid injury to others. The safety of Passengers and Trains is of the first importance, and all operations of working, repairing, or constructing this road must be subservient thereto. To this, with the regularity and punctuality of the Trains, and the comfort and convenience of Patrons, all work must be entirely subordinate. It is of the utmost importance that proper rules for the government of the employes of a railroad company should be enforced, in order to make such rules efficient. If they cannot or ought not to be enforced, they ought not to exist. Officers or employes whose 6 7 duty it may be to make or enforce rules, however temporary or unimportant they may seem, should keep this clearly in mind. If in the judgment of any one whose duty it is to enforce a rule, such rule cannot or ought not to be enforced, he should at once bring it to the attention of those in authority. Special instructions may be issued by proper authority. All employes are required to be polite and considerate in their intercourse with the public. The reputation and prosperity of the Company depend greatly upon the promptness with which its business is conducted, and the manner in which the public is treated by its employes. i GENERAL RULES. 3 GENERAL RULES. A Employes whose duties are prescribed by these rules must provide themselves with a copy. B Employes must be conversant with and obey the rules and special instructions. If in doubt as to their meaning, they must apply to proper authority for an explanation. C Employes must pass the required examinations. D Persons employed in any service on trains are subject to the rules and special instructions. E Employes must render every assistance in their power in carrying out the rules and special instructions. F Any violation of the rules or special instructions must be reported. G The use of intoxicants by employes while on duty is prohibited. Their habitual use, or the frequenting of places where they are sold, is sufficient cause for dismissal. H The use of tobacco by employes when on duty in or about passenger stations or on passenger cars is prohibited. J Employes when on duty must wear the prescribed badge and uniform and be neat in appearance. 11 K Persons authorized to transact business at stations or on trains must lbe orderly and avoid annoyance to passengers. L In case of danger to the Company's property, employes must unite to protect it. M All persons whose duties are in any way affected by the time-tables, must have a copy of the current time-table with them when on duty. N When a person is discharged from the company's service he will not be re-employed without the consent of the officer who dismissed him, or that of the head of the department from which he was discharged. 0 If an employe should be disabled by sickness or other cause, the right to claim compensation will not be recognized. An allowance, if made, will be a gratuity justified by the circumstances of the case and the employe's previous good conduct. P No employe is allowed to contract any bill or other obligation on account of the Company, or to use the Company's credit, unless authorized by the proper officer. Q Employes are required to inform themselves respecting the location of all structures or obstructions along the line that will not clear them when on the top or sides of cars or engines; also as to the conditions of equipment and track. They are also required to know that all brake wheels, dogs, grab irons, hand holds, steps, and other 13 appliances used in the line of their duty are secure and in safe condition before using same. Employes are warned that extra and special trains may run at any time, and trains may run on any track in either direction without notice, except to those whom it is necessary to advise in order to insure proper movement of such trains. Employes must be governed accordingly, and exercise proper care to avoid being injured. R Every employe, while on duty connected with the trains on any division of the road, is under the authority and must conform to the orders of the superintendent of that division. S Employes are required to keep the premises in their charge in a neat and orderly condition. T No employe will be allowed to absent himself from duty without special permission from the head of the department in which he is employed, nor will any employe be allowed to engage a substitute to perform his duties. U In the selection of new men for the service, as in the case of station men, signalmen, brakemen, firemen, or of apprentices, care should be taken to get only persons of good character, and who give promise of being able to improve and to deserve promotion. No person should be employed in such service who cannot write and read writing with ease. Applications for employment should be made on the prescribed form. V Minors must not be employed in any department except in the shops, stations, and offices, and then 14 only after the written consent of their parents or guardians has been obtained. W The assignment or attaching of an employe's wages by garnishee process or proceedings in aid of execution will be considered sufficient cause for dismissal, unless a satisfactory explanation is given. X All articles furnished by the Company for use of employes must, on leaving the service, be returned to the proper officer. The right is reserved to withhold from wages due the value of such articles lost or that are not surrendered on leaving the service. Y Rules issued to individual classes must be observed by all employes should they relate in any way to the proper discharge of their duties. DEFINITIONS. DEFINITIONS. TRAIN.-An engine, or more than one engine coupled, with or without cars, displaying Markers. REGULAR TRAIN.-A train represented on the Timetable. It may consist of sections. SECTION.-One of two or more trains running on the same schedule displaying signals or for which signals are displayed. EXTRA TRAIN.-A train not represented on the Time-table. It may be designated asExtra-for any extra train, except work extra. Work extra-for work train extra. SUPERIOR TRAIN.-A train having precedence over other trains. NOTE.-Superiority by direction is limited to single track. A train may be made superior to another train by RIGHT, CLASS or DIRECTION. RIGHT is conferred by train order; CLASS and DIRECTION by time-table. RIGHT is superior to CLASS or DIRECTION. DIRECTION is superior as between trains of the same class. TRAIN OF SUPERIOR RIGHT.-A train given precedence by train order. TRAIN OF SUPERIOR CLASS.-A train given precedence by time-table. 2 17 18 TRAIN OF SUPERIOR DIRECTION.-A train given precedence in the direction specified in the Time-table as between trains of the same class. NorTE.-Superiority by direction is limited to single track. TIME-TABLE.-The authority for the movement of regular trains subject to the rules. It contains the classified schedules of trains with special instructions relating thereto. MARKERS.-A green flag or a green light to the front and side, and two or more red lights to the rear. SCHEDULE. -That part of a Time-table which prescribes the class, direction, number and movement of a regular train. MAIN TRACK.-A principal track upon which trains are operated by time-table, train orders, or by block signals. SINGLE TRACK.-A main track upon which trains are operated in both directions. DOUBLE TRACK.-TWO main tracks, upon one of which the current of traffic is in a specified direction, and upon the other in the opposite direction. CURRENT OF TRAFFIC.-The direction in which trains will move on a main track, under the rules. STATION.-A place designated on the time-table by name, at which a train may stop for traffic; or to enter or leave the main track; or from which fixed signals are operated. YARD.-A system of tracks within defined limits provided for the making up of trains, storing of cars and other purposes, over which movements not 19 authorized by time-table, or by train order, may be made, subject to prescribed signals and regulations. YARD ENGINE.-An engine assigned to yard service and working within yard limits. PILOT.-A person assigned to a train when the engineman or conductor, or both, are not fully ac(luainted with the physical characteristics, or running rules of the road, or portion of the road, over which the train is to be moved. FIXED SIGNAL.-A signal of fixed location, indicating a condition affecting the movement of a train. INTERLOCKING.-An arrangement of switch, lock and signal appliances so interconnected that their movements must succeed each other in a predetermined order. INTERLOCKING PLANT.-An assemblage of switch, lock and signal appliances interlocked. INTERLOCKING STAT'ION.-A place from which an interlocking plant is operated. INTERLOCKING SIGNALS.-The fixed signals of an interlocking plant. BLOCK. —A length of track of defined limits, the use of which by trains is controlled by block signals. BLOCK STATION.-A place from which block signals are operated. BLOCK SIGNAL.-A fixed signal controlling the use of a block. BLOCK SYSTEM.-A series of consecutive blocks. TELEGRAPH BLOCK SYSTEM.-A block system in 20 which the signals are operated manually, upon information by telegraph. CONTROLLED MANUAL BLOCK SYSTEM.-A block system in which the block signals are operated manually, and so constructed as to require the co-operation of the signalmen at both ends of the block to display a clear signal. AUTOMATIC BLOCK SYSTEIM.-A block system in which the signals are operated by electric, pneumatic or other agency actuated by a train, or by certain conditions affecting the use of a block. HOME SIGNAL.-A fixed signal controlling the entrance to a block or governing movements over switches at interlockings. DISTANT SIGNAL.-A fixed signal used in connection with home and advance signals to regulate the approach thereto. ADVANCE SIGNAL.-A fixed signal placed in advance of the home signal or switches at an interlocking to control the entrance to the block ahead. DWARF SIGNAL.-A low fixed signal. POT SIGNAL.-A revolving signal. TRAIN RULES. I q 23 STANDARD TIME. 1 Standard Time obtained from the Washington, Standard I). C., observatory will be telegraphed to all points from designated offices at 12 noon daily. 2 Watches that have been examined and certified Examination of watches. to by a designated inspector must be used by conductors, enginemen, yard-masters, station-masters, supervisors, section foremen, and such others who may be designated. The certificate in prescribed R"enal or certificate. form must be renewed and filed with Superintendent every six months (January and July). [FORMA OF CERTIFICATE.] Certificate of Watch Inspector. This is to certify that on........... i9...- the Form of certificate. watch of -. ----....... --- —-----—..-..... ---... employed as............-.... was examined by me. It is correct and reliable and, in my judgment, will, with proper care, run within a variation of thirty seconds per week. Name of maker................ --- —.... Brand....-.......... --- —--------------------- Number of movement - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Open or hunting case....-..... —. --- —-—. --- M etal of case........-.- -- ---- ------- ---—. — Stem or key winding.... —.. --- —--------..-. (Signed) Inspector. Address.................................. 24 Bi-weekly 3 Each employe whose watch is subject to ininspection. spection must report to an inspector every two weeks, and oftener when convenient, in order that the condition of his watch may be noted and a record of its performance made on proper form and company's record book by inspector. Comharison 4 Watches of conductors and enginemen must be Standard compared, before starting on each trip, with a clock designated as a Standard Clock. The time when watches are compared must be registered on a prescribed form, and any variation must be shown. Obtainin9 Conductors and enginemen whose duties prestandard time. vent them from having access to a standard clock must compare daily with, and take the time from, the watches of conductors and enginemen who have standard time and have registered their names as provided above. Conductors and enginemen of trains which have been laid up eight or more hours, and who have not had an opportunity to compare their watches as provided, must receive standard time from one of the designated offices before commencing their runs. Time-tables. Superseding 6 Each Time-table, from the moment it takes effect, supersedes the preceding Time-table. A train of the preceding Time-table shall retain its train orders and take the schedule of the train of the same number on the new Time-table. Train of new A train of the new Time-table which has not the time-table. same number on the preceding Time-table shall not 25 run on any division (or district) until it is due to start from its initial station on that division (or district) after the Time-table takes effect. Signal Rules. 7 All employes of the railroads terminating at Familiarize. the Grand Central Station or running over the Harlem Line must make themselves familiar with the location and meaning of all signals, and the rules governing the same, before attempting to discharge any duties requiring such information. 8 Conductors will be held strictly responsible safety of train. for the safety of their trains, and in case of stoppage upon any part of the line they must positively know that their trains are protected. 9 Employes whose duties may require them to give Employes have proper signals, must provide themselves with the proper ap- appliances. pliances, and keep them in good order and always ready for immediate use. 10 Flags of the prescribed color must be used by Flags and day, and lamps of the prescribed color by night. lamps. 11 Night signals are to be displayed from sunset Nightsignals to sunrise. When weather or other conditions obscure day signals, night signals must be used in addition. 12 Night signals must be used in the Tunnel at all times. 26 VISIBLE SIGNALS. Color Signals. 13 Colorsignals COLOR. INDICATION. (a) Red. ' Stop. (b) White. Proceed, and for other uses prescribed by the Rules. (c) Green. Proceed with caution, andfor other uses prescribed by the Rules. (d) Blue. See Rule 31. 14 Hand, Flag and Lamp Signals. 14 Hand, Flag and Lamp Signals. Hand signals Manner of Using. (a) Swung across the } track. f (b) Raised and lowered 1 vertically. X 7r' —'- --- _.1 ~...~.... 4 *e II ^ ~LI Indication. Stop. Proceed. 27 (c) Swung vertically in a circle across the track, when - the train is stand- I ing. ) (d) Swung vertically in a circle at arm's length across the track, when the train is running. j Back. Train has parted. (e) Swung horizontally in a circle, when the train is stand- ing. D.:.*.-~............. Apply air brakes. (f) Held at arm's length above the head, when train is standing. i Release air' brakes. 28 Stop signal. 15 Any object waved violently by any one on or near the track is a signal to stop. AUDIBLE SIGNALS. Enhisle 16 Engine Steam Whistle Signals. signals. NolTE.-T'he signals prescribed are illustrated by " o " for short sounds; "- " for longer sounds. The sound of the whistle should be distinct, Nwith intensity and duration proportionate to tile distance signal is to be conveyed. SOUND). (a) o () - (c) o o (e) --- - (e) - - - (g) ~ ~ (h) o oo (/) o0 0 0 - INDICATION. Stop. Apply brakes. Release brakes. Flagman go back and protect rear of train. Flagman return from south. Flagman return from north. \Vhen running, train parted; to be repeated until answered by the signal prescribed by rule 14 (d). Answer to I4 (d). Answer to any signal not otherwise provided for. When train is standing, back. Answer to I4 (c) and 20 (c). Call for signals. Alarm 17 A succession of short sounds of the whistle is signal. an alarm for persons or cattle on the track, and calls the attention of trainmen to danger ahead. Torpedoes. 18 The explosion of one or more torpedoes is a signal to stop immediately; if between block signals, 2'0 and track is found to be clear, p)roceedl with caution to the next fixed signal; if at a home signal, proceed only when signal is cleared, or when clearalnce card has been received by the E nginelnan. 19 Torpedoes must not be placed near stations or road crossings where persons are lialle to be injured by them. 20 Air-whistle or Bell-cord Signals. Air-whistle signals. SoUND. INDICATION. (a) Two. lWhen train is standing, start. (b) Two. When train is running, stop at once. (c) Three. When train is standing, back the train. (d) Three. When train is running, stop at next station. To be answered as per 16 (g). (e) Four, When train is standing, apply or release air brakes. (/) Four. When train is running, reduce speed. (g) Five. When train is standing, call in flagman. (hi) Five. When train is running, increase speed. (j) Six. When train is running, increase steam heat. Train Signals. 21 The headlight will be displayed to the front of Displaying headlight. every train. 22 Yard engines will display the headlight to the Signals carried on front and rear by night, or when weather conditions yard engines 30 render it necessary. When not provided with a headlight at the rear, two white lights must be displayed. Yard engines will not display markers. Markers. 23 The following signals will be displayed, one on each side of the rear of every train, as markers, to indicate the rear of the train: a green flag or a green light to the front and side and a red light to the rear. Speciali 24 In addition to regular Markers as prescribed Harlem Line markers. by Rule 23, the following special rules must have strict observance: 24-a When an engine is running backward without cars a white light must be displayed on the rear of the tender and two red lights on the front of the engine. The headlight must be extintinguished or concealed. 24-b When an engine is running forward without cars the headlight must be displayed, and two red lights must be displayed on the rear of the tender. 24-c If an engine running backvward is coupled to the rear of a shop train, two red lights must be displayed on the front of the engine, and headlight extinguished or concealed. 24-d If an engine running forward is coupled to the rear of a shop train, two red lights must be displayed on the rear of the tender. Sections 25 All sections of a train, except the last, will disdisplaying signals. play two green flags and, in addition, two green lights by night in the places provided for that purpose on the front of the engine. 31 26 Extra trains will display two white flags and, Extra train in addition, two white lights by night in the places signals provided for that purpose on the front of the engine. 27 When two or more engines are coupled to the signals on head of a train, each engine shall display the signals when" as prescribed by the rules. doubled headed. 28 One flag or light displayed where two are pre- Indication of one flag or scribed will indicate the same as two; but the proper light. display of all train signals is required. 29 When cars are pushed by an engine (except Light on when shifting or making up trains in yards) a white olefr car light must be displayed on the front of the leading car. pushed. 30 Each car on a passenger train must be con- Air-whistle nected with the engine by a communicating signalignal appliance. 31 A blue flag by day and a blue light by night, Car repairers' displayed at one or both ends of an engine, car orsignal. train, indicates that workmen are under or about it. When thus protected it must not be coupled to or moved. Workmen will display the blue signals and the same workmen are alone authorized to remove them. Other cars must not be placed on the same track so as to intercept the view of the blue signals, without first notifying the workmen. 32 A green flag by day, and in addition a green slow track. light by night placed beside the track on the engineman's side, indicates that the track 3000 feet distant is in condition for speed of but six miles per hour, and the speed of a train will be controlled accordingly. 32 A white flag by day, and, in addition, a white light by night, placed on the engineman's side at a point beyond the slow track, indicates that full speed may be resumed. Slow-boards 33 A slow-board placed alongside the track reading " Reduce speed to - miles per hour" will indicate tie rate of speed at which the track may be used at a point 3000 feet distant from such slowboard. The rate of speed indicated on the slow-board must not be exceeded. Beyond the point to be protected will be placed a sign reading "Resume full speed." Green lights and white lights respectively will be suspended by night from these boards. Fixed Signals. Placed. 34 Fixed signals are placed at drawbridges, junctions, stations, and other points that require special protection. Special instructions will be issued indicating their position and use. Use of Signals. Imperfect 35 A signal imperfectly displayed, or the absence display or absence of of a signal at a place where a signal is usually shown, usual signalmust be regarded as a stop signal and the fact reported to the Superintendent. Aeknowl- 36 When a signal (except a fixed signal) is given edging W signal. to stop a train, it must be acknowledged, as prescribed by Rule i6 (g). 33 37 The engine-bell must be rung when an engine Ringing of engine-bell. is about to move. 38 The unnecessary use of either the whistle or Use of whistle. the bell is prohibited. They will be used only as prescribed by rule or law, or to prevent accident. 39 The whistle must not be sounded while passing a passenger train, except to prevent accident. 40 When a train passes a block station withoutTrains without markers. markers, or in two or more parts, the towerman must notify block stations in rear and advance as provided in bell code. 41 Towerman in advance block station must clear his signals, provided block in advance is clear, and display a white and a green flag by day, and a white and a green light by night, which is notification to the engineman that his train has parted. 42 Engineman shall answer with " train parted" signal. 43 At block stations where towerman is absent or Towerman incapacitated, so that instructions cannot be obtained, itteadc train must proceed to the next block as though caution card had been received, and conductor must report accordingly at the first telegraph block station or office. Classification of Trains. 44 Trains of the first class are superior to those Superiority. of the second; trains of the second class are superior to those of the third; and so on. Extra trains are inferior to regular trains. 3 34 Direction. 46 All trains in the direction specified in the Timetable are superior to trains of the same class in the opposite direction. 12hourslate. 46 Regular trains twelve hours behind their schedule time lose both right and class, and can thereafter proceed only by train order. Movement of Trains. Starting 47 A train must not start until the proper sigsignal. nal is given. Not to de- 48 A train must not leave a station in advance part in advatie of of its schedule leaving time. time. Delayed 49 A regular train which is delayed, and falls back train. on the time of another train of the same class, will proceed on its own schedule. Workextras. 50 WTOrk extras will be assigned working limits. 51 Work extras operating upon double track must move, within these limits, with the current of traffic, unless train orders otherwise direct. Approach- 62 Trains must approach the end of double track, ing end of doubletrack, junctions, railroad crossings at grade, and drawbridges, etc. prepared to stop, unless the switches and signals are right and the track is clear. Where required by law trains must stop. Trains 53 If a train should part while in motion, trainparting. men must use great care to prevent the detached parts from coming into collision. Enginemen must give the signal as provided in Rule i6 (/), and keep the front part of the train in motion until the detached portion 35 is stopped, but if the engineman feels an al)lplication of air brakes indicating that train has broken between cars coupled with air, he should immediately shut off and put brake valve handle on lap to keepl the two ends as near together as possiblc and thus reduce shock. 54 The front portion will have the right to go back, regardless of all trains, to recover the detached portion, first sending a flagman with danger signals Ten Blocks in the direction in which the train is to be backed, and running with great caution, at a speed not exceeding four miles per hour. On single tracks all the precautions required by the Rules must also be taken to protect the train against opposing trains. The detached portion must not be moved or passed around until the front portion comes back, except on written orders from the Train Dispatcher, which must not be given until he has received the acknowledgment for the order given to the forward portion. 55 An exception will only be made to the above when it is known that the detached portion has been stopped, and when the whole occurrence is in plain view, no curves or other obstructions intervening, so that signals can be seen from both portions of the train. In that event the conductor and engineman may arrange for the re-coupling, using the greatest caution. 56 On double track, the front portion must give the train-parted signal to trains running in the op 36 posite direction. A train receiving this signal from a train on the opposite track must stop, and then proceed with caution until the detached portion of the train has been passed. When a train breaks down so it may obstruct the opposite track, trains on the opposite track must be stopped. On four tracks, enginemen will signal trains running in the opposite direction, and the conductor or flagman will signal trains running in the same direction. 57 If a south-bound passenger train should become detached, and the rear portion cannot be chained to the front portion without serious delay, the following will have strict observance: 58 Under no circumstances will the detached portion be pushed over the line. 59 The track occupied by the disabled train will be out of service until this train has cleared. 60 The Conductor of the disabled train will notify the Superintendent at once whether or not passengers can be transferred from the rear portion to the front portion. 61 Passengers will not be allowed to walk on the tracks. 62 If the occurrence takes place north of 96th Street, and a shop engine is available at Mott Haven Junction, orders will be issued to the shop train crew to proceed to the point where the disabled train is, and take the rear portion of the train to Mott Haven Yard, running it around the " Y," in order to get the engine 37 on the south end of the train, and bring it to the Grand Central Station, except that when all the passengers have been transferred the empty cars must be left in the yards at Mott Haven. 63 If a shop engine is not available at Mott Haven, or a regular train is on the same track between the disabled train and the Junction, or if the occurrence takes place south of 96th Street, the front portion of the train will be brought to the Grand Central Station by the road engine, and switching crew and engine will be sent from the Grand Central Station for the detached portion. 64 If a north-bound passenger train should become detached the track occupied by the disabled train will be out of service until this train has cleared, and passengers must be transferred in accordance with instructions governing south-bound trains. The front portion of the train will be taken to Mott Haven Yard by the road engine, and shop train crew with an engine sent from that point to haul the rear portion to Mott Haven Yard, where the necessary changes and repairs will be made to the disabled train. 66 When a train is stopped by an accident or ob- Flagmen. struction, the flagman must immediately go back with danger signals to insure full protection. At a point six blocks from the rear of his train he must place a torpedo on the rail; he must then continue to go back at least ten blocks from the rear of his train and place another torpedo on the rail, and must remain there until his train has passed out of the 38 section. When all is clear and he comes in, he will remove the torpedoes. 66 If the accident or obstruction occurs upon single track, or if it becomes necessary to protect the front of the train, or if any other track is obstructed, the fireman must go forward and use the same precautions. If the fireman is unable to leave the engine the forward trainman must be sent in his place. 67 When the flagman goes back to protect the rear of his train, the forward trainman must in the case of a passenger train, and the next trainman in the case of other trains, take his place on the train. 68 When necessary, the baggageman will take the place of the forward trainman. 69 When a train is detained at any of its usual stops more than one minute, or if it stops at an unusual point, the flagman must immediately go back as provided in Rule No. 65. 70 If for any cause the train moves at a slower rate of speed than usual, take such immediate action as may be necessary to protect it against following trains. 71 A flagman must always be stationed at the rear of every train, in either direction, between Grand Central Station and Mott Haven Junction, with danger signals ready for immediate use. 72 Unusual precaution must be taken in protecting the rear of trains in the Grand Central Station yard, especially in foggy weather. The rear train 39 man must remain on the rear platform of the rear car on trains leaving the Grand Central Station between the Station and the entrance to the tunnel, ready to protect his train at a moment's notice, in case of emergency. 73 On south-bound trains the rear trainman must l)e on the front platform of the rear car after leaving 55th Street, where he can look out for signals and assist in bringing the train into the Station. This does not in any way lessen the responsibility of the rear trainman in protecting his train if stopped in the yard. 74 Flagmen of south-bound trains left south of 72d Street, will walk to Grand Central Station, when their trains have cleared the section ahead. They will not be permitted to stop following trains (when it is no longer necessary for the protection of trains ahead) for the purpose of riding in. 75 When cars are pushed by an engine (except when shifting and making up trains in yards) a flagman must take a conspicuous position on the front of the leading car and signal the engineman in case of need. 76 If a train is stopped by a signal, in conse-Disabled quence of a disabled train being in the section, the tow- train. erman will give engineman and conductor a " detention card " informing them of the obstruction and authorizing them to proceed to the point of obstruction. They will then proceed cautiously into the section so occupied and render such assistance as may be necessary to move the disabled train and clear the section. This detention card must be shown to conductor of dis 40 abled train, who, when ready to be moved, will allow following train to help his train as far as necessary. All operations of switching trains, cars, or engines, or of crossing from one track to another, must be performed only at such time and in such manner as to prevent the chance of accident, and strictly in accordance with the rules. Great caution must be used and good judgment is required to prevent unnecessary detention to trains, and Rule No. 65 must be strictly observed. 77 Should it become necessary, from any cause, for two or more trains to couple together and run as one train, they must not, under any circumstances, be separated on the line, except at a signal tower, and then only on written orders from the Train Dispatcher. In such cases the engineman of second train must notify operator and wait for signal from him to proceed. Responsibil- 78 Both conductors and enginemen are responity of conductorsand sible for the safety of their trains and, under conenginemen. ditions not provided for by the rules, must take every precaution for their protection. 79 In all cases of doubt or uncertainty the safe course must be taken and no risks run. RULES FOR MOVEMENT BY TRAIN ORDERS. i RULES FOR MOVEMENT BY TRAIN ORDERS. 80 For movements not provided for by Time-Trainorders. table, train orders will be issued by authority and over the signature of the Superintendent. They must contain neither information nor instructions not essential to such movements, and must be brief and clear; in the prescribed forms when applicable; and without erasure, alteration or interlineation. 81 Each train order must be given in the same words to all persons or trains addressed. 82 Train orders will be numbered consecutively Numbering. each day, beginning with No. I at midnight. 83 Train orders must be addressed to those who To whom are to execute them, naming the place at which eachaddre.sed. is to receive his copy. Those for a train must be addressed to the conductor and engineman, and also to any one who acts as its pilot. A copy for each person addressed must be supplied by the operator. 84 Each train order must be written in full in Record of a book provided for the purpose at the office of the train orders. Superintendent; and with it recorded the names of those who have signed for the order; the time and the signals which show when and from what offices the order was repeated and the responses transmitted; 43 44 and the train dispatcher's initials. These records must be made at once, and never from memory or memoranda. Identifica- 85 Regular trains will be designated in train tion. orders by their numbers, as "No. io," or "2d No. 10," adding engine numbers if desired; extra trains by engine numbers, as "Extra 798," with the direction when necessary, as" North " or " South." Other numbers and time will be stated in figures only. Signal "31" 86 To transmit a train order, the signal "31" or "19." or the signal "19" must be given to each office addressed, the number of copies being stated, if more or less than three-thus, " 31 copy 5," or " 19 copy 2." Transmit- 87 A train order to be sent to two or more tin. offices must be transmitted simultaneously to as many of them as practicable. The several addresses must be in the order of superiority of trains, each office taking its proper address. When not sent simultaneously to all, the order must be sent first to the superior train. Manifolding. 88 Operators receiving train orders must write them in manifold during transmission, and if they cannot at one writing make the requisite number of copies, must trace others from one of the copies first made. '31i" order. 89 When a "3 I train order has been transmitted, operators must (unless otherwise directed) repeat it at once from the manifold copy in the succession in which the several offices have been addressed, and then write the time of repetition on the order. Each 45 operator receiving the order should olserve whether the others repeat correctly. 90 Those to whom the order is addressed, ex- signatures. cept enginemen, must then sign it, and the operator will send their signatures, preceded ly the nulbl)er of the order, to the Superintendent. The response " comIlete," and the time, with the initials of the Superintendent, will then be given by the train dispatcher. Each operator receiving this response will then write on each copy the word " complete," the time, and his last name in full, and then deliver a copy to each person addressed, except enginemen. 91 The conductor must read his order aloud to the operator; the copy for each engineman must be delivered personally by the conductor, and the engineman must read it aloud to the conductor before proceeding. 92 When necessary to send an order to the rder placed atmeetin3 meeting point, it must be stated in the body of the or- point.i der accordingi). 93 When a 19"I train order has been trans-" 19" order. mitted, operators must (unless otherwise directed) repeat it at once from the manifold copy, in the succession in which the several offices have been addressed. Each operator receiving the order should observe whether the others repeat correctly. When the order has been repeated correctly by an operator, the response " complete," and the time, with the initials of the SuperinNOTE.-In the movement of opposing trains, a " I9 " order must not be sent to the opposing train, the superiority of which is thereby restricted. 46 tendent, will be given by the train dispatcher. The operator receiving this-response will then write on each copy the word "complete," the time, and his last name in full, and personally deliver a copy to each person addressed without taking his signature. rx"u 94 A train order may, when so directed by the response. train dispatcher, be acknowledged without repeating by the operator responding: " X; (Number of Train Order) to (Train.Number), with the operator's initials and office signal. The operator must then write on the order his initials and the time. "Complete" 95 Complete " must not be given to a train ornotto be given until der for delivery to an inferior train until the order has "X"response received. been repeated or the " X" response sent by the operator who receives the order for the superior train. "X"response 96 When a train order has been repeated or given before " Complete " X" response sent, and before " complete " has been is received. given, the order must be treated as a holding order for the train addressed, but must not be otherwise acted on until " complete " has been given. Failure of 97 If the line fails before an office has repeated line. an order or has sent the " X" response, the order at that office is of no effect and must be there treated as if it had not been sent. Preserve 98 The operator who receives and delivers a lowest copy. est train order must preserve the lowest copy. Orders 99 For train orders delivered by the train disdelivered by dispatcher. patcher the requirements as to the record and delivery are the same as at other offices, and such orders shall be first written in manifold, so as to leave an im 47 pression in the record book, from which transmission shall l)e made. 100 A train order to be delivered to a train at a DelivFry of order at nonioint not a telegraph station, or at one at which the telegraph telegraph office is closed, must le addressed to station. " C. and.E. -- (at ), care of," and forwarded and delivered by the conductor or other person in whose care it is addressed. When Form 31 is used " complete " will l)e given upon the signature of the person by whom the order is to be delivered, who must be supplied with col)ies for the conductor and engineman addressed, and a copy upon which he shall take their signatures. This copy he must deliver to the first operator accessible, who must preserve it, and at once transmit the signatures of the conductor and engineman to the train dispatcher. Orders so delivered must be acted on as if " coml)lete " had been given in the usual way. For orders which are sent, in the manner herein provided, to a train, the superiority of which is thereby restricted, "complete" must not be given to an inferior train until the signatures of the conductor and engineman of the superior train have been sent to the Superintendent. 101 When a train is named in a train order, all Sectionsof trains. its sections are included unless particular sections are specified, and each section included must have copies addressed and delivered to it. 102 Unless otherwise directed, an operator must "X"response. not repeat or give the " X" response to a train order for 48 a train, the engine of which has passed his train-order signal, until he has ascertained that the conductor and engineman have been notified that he has orders for them. Duration of 103 Train orders once in effect continue so until orders. fulfilled, superseded or annulled. Any part of an order specifying a particular movement may be either superseded or annulled. Orders held by or issued for a regular train become void when such train loses both right and class as prescribed by Rules 6, and 46, or is annulled. Train-order 104 A fixed signal must be used at each trainorder office, which shall indicate "stop" when trains are to be stopped fdr train orders. When there are no orders the signal must indicate "proceed." rDislay of 105 When an operator receives the signal "31," or train-order signal. "19," he must immediately display the "stop signal" and then reply "stop displayed"; and until the orders have been delivered or annulled the signal must not be restored to "proceed." Handsignals. 106 Operators must have the proper appliances for hand signaling ready for immediate use if the fixed signal should fail to work properly. If a signal is not displayed at a night office, trains which have not been notified must stop and ascertain the cause, and report the facts to the Superintendent from the next open telegraph office. Reporting 107 Operators will promptly record and report to trains. the Superintendent the time of departure of all trains and the direction of extra trains. They will record the time of arrival of trains and report it when so directed. 49 108 The following signs and abbreviations may Signs and abbreviai c used: tions. Initials for signature of the Superintendent. Such office and other signals as are arranged by the Superintendent. C & E-for Conductor and Engineman. X-Train will be held until order is made " complete." Con-for Complete. O S-Train Report. No-for Number. Eng-for Engine. Sec-for Section. Psgr-for Passenger. Frt-for Freight. Mins-for Minutes. Jct-for Junction. Dispr-for Train Dispatcher. Opr-for Operator. 31 or I9-to clear the line for train orders, and for operators to ask for train orders. S D-for "Stop Displayed." The usual abbreviations for the names of the months and stations. 4 FORMS OF TRAIN ORDERS. FORMS OF TRAIN ORDERS. Form A.- Fixing Meeting Points for Opposing Trains. (I) w- ill meet at (2) will meet at at (and so on). EXAMPLES. (I) No. i will meet No. 2 at Bombay. No. 3 will meet 2d No. 4 at Siam. No. 5 will meet Extra 95 at Htongkong. Extra 652 North will meet Extra 231 South at Yokohama. (2) No. i will meet No. 2 at Bombay,' 2d No. 4 at Siam; and Extra 95 at Hongkong. Trains receiving these orders will run with respect to each other to the designated points and there meet in the manner provided by the Rules. Form B.-Extra Trains. (i) Eng- will run extra - to (2) Eng will run extra - to - and return to EXAMPLE. (I) Eng 99 will run extra Berber to Gaza. (2) Eng 99 will run extra Berber to Gaza and return to Cabul. 53 54 A train receiving this order is not required to protect itself against opposing extra trains, unless directed by order to do so, but must keep clear of all regular trains, as required by rule. (3) Eng - will run extra leaving -- on — as follows with right over all trains. Leave Arrive EXAMPLE. (3) Enz 77 will run extra leaving Turin on Thursday Feb. I 7th as follows with right over all trains. Leave lTrin 11.30 p.m. " Pekin 12.25 a.1m. " Canton 1.47 a.m. Arrive Rome 2.22 a.1m. This order may be varied by specifying the kind of extra and the particular trains over which the extra shall or shall not have the right. Trains over which the extra is thus given the right must clear the time of the extra five (5) minutes. Form C.-Work Extra. (i) Work extra - will work - until between - and EXAMPLES. (i) Work extra 292 will work 7 a.m. until 6 p.m. between Berne and Turin. The working limits should be as short as practicable, to be changed as the progress of the work may require. The above may be combined, thus: 55 (a) IWork extra 292 will run Berne to Turin and work 7 a.m. until 6 p.m. between Turin and Rome. When an order has been given to " work " between designated points, no other extra shall be authorized to run over that part of the track without provision for passing the work extra. When it is anticipated that a work extra may be where it cannot be reached for orders, it may be directed to report for orders at a given time and place, or an order may be given that it shall clear the track for (or protect itself after a certain hour against) a designated extra by adding to (i) the following words: (b) And will keep clear of (or protect against) Extra 223 south between Antwerp and Brussels after 2.I op.m. In this case, extra 223 must not pass the northernmost point before 2.10 p.m., at which time the work extra must be out of the way, or protected (as the order may require) between those points. When the movement of an extra over the working limits cannot be anticipated by these or other orders to the work extra, an order must be given to such extra, to protect itself against the work extra, in the following form: (c) Extra 76 willprotecl against Work Extra 95 between Lyons and Paris. This may be added to the order to run extra. A work extra when met or overtaken by an extra must allow it to pass. When it is desirable that a work extra shall at all 56 times protect itself while on working limits, it may be done by adding to (i) the following words: (d) protecting itself. A train receiving this order must, whether standing or moving, protect itself within the working limits in both directions in the manner prescribed by Rule 65. Whenever an extra is given orders to run over working limits it must at the same time be given a copy of the order rent to the work extra. To enaDle a work extra to work upon the time of a regular train, the following form may be used: (e) Work Extra 292 will protect against No. 55 between Berne and Turin. A train receiving this order will work upon the time of the train mentioned in the order, and protect itself against it as prescribed by Rule 65. The regular train receiving this order must run, expecting to find the work extra protecting itself within the limits named. Form D.- Holding Order. Hold - at EXAMPLES. (I) Hold No. 2 at Berlin. (2) Hold all east-bound trains at Berlin. This order will be addressed to the operator and acknowledged in the usual manner. It must be respected by conductors and enginemen of trains thereby directed to be held as if addressed to them. When a train has been so held it must not proceed 57 until the order to hold is annulled, or an order given to the operator in the form: " ' -- may go." Form D will only be used when necessary to hold trains until orders can be given, or in case of emergency. Form E. --- Annulling a Regular Train. (1) - of- is annulled - to. (2) due to leave - -is annulled to EXAMPLES. (I) No. i of Feb. 29 is annulled Alaska to Halifax. (2) No. 3, tide to leave Naples Saturday, Feb. 29, is annulled Alaska to Halifax. The train annulled loses both right and class between the stations named, and must not be restored under its original number between those stations. Form F.- Annulling an Order. "Order No. is annulled." If an order which is to be annulled has not been delivered to a train, the annulling order will be addressed to the operator, who will destroy all copies of the order annulled but his own, and write on that: Annulled by Order 2No. EXAMPLE. Order No. o is annulled. An order which has been annulled must not be reissued under its original number. 58 In the address of an order annulling another order, the train first named must be that to which right was given by the order annulled, and when the order is not transmitted simultaneously to all concerned, it must be first sent to the point at which that train is to receive it and the required response made, before the order is sent for other trains. Form G. —Annulling Part of an Order. That part of Order No. - reading -- is annulled. EXAMPLE. That part of Order No. io reading "No. i will meet No. 2 at Sparta " is annulled. In the address of an order annulling a part of an order, the train first named must be that to which right was given by the part annulled, and when the order is not transmitted simultaneously to all concerned, it must be first sent to the point at which that train is to receive it, and the required response made, before the order is sent for other trains. Form H.-Superseding an Order or a Part of an Order. This order will be given by adding to prescribed forms the words "instead of." (I) - will meet at - instead of. (2) - has right over -- - to - instead of —. (3) - will display signals for - -to - instead of 59 EXAMPLES. (I) No. i wiill meet No. 2 at Htonrkon- inslead (f Bo]mbay. (2) No. i has riht lover No0. 2 iAecca to, iledina instead of Mirbat. (3) VN. i will display sirnals for En(r 85 As.ra/khan to Teheran instead of Cabul. An order which has leen superseded must not be reissued under its original number. Form I.-Providing for a Movement Against the Current of Traffic. --- has right over opposing trains on — track to EXAMPLE. (I) No. 4 has rig/it over opposing trains oan No. 2 (or westward) track MIecca to Mirbat. A train must not be moved against the current of traffic until the track on which it is to run has been cleared of opposing trains. Under this order the first named train must use the track specified between the two points named, and has the right over opposing trains on that track between those points. Opposing trains must not leave the point last named until the first named train arrives. An inferior train between the points named moving with the current of traffic in the same direction as the first named train must receive a copy of the order, and may then proceed on its schedule, or right. This order may be modified as follows: (2) After -- arrives at -- has right over opposing trains on - track to -. 60 EXAMPLE. After No. I arrives at Mecca No. 4 has right over opposing trains on Nro. 2 (or westward) track MArcca to Mirbat. Under (2) the train to be moved against the current of traffic must not leave the first named point until the arrival of the first named train. When practicable, trains with the current of traffic must receive the order at one station distant from the last named station; when it cannot be done, mention must be made in the body of the order. Form J.- Providing for the Use of a Section of Double Track as Single Track. - track will be used as single track between and If it is desired to limit the time for such use add (from --- until - ). EXAMPLE. No. 2 (or wes/ward) track will be used as single track between Mecca and Mirbat. Adding if desired from I p.m. until3 p.m. Under this order all trains must use the track specified between the stations named, and will be governed by rules for single track. Trains running against the current of traffic on the track named must be clear of the track at the expiration of the time named, or protected as prescribed by Rule 65. HARLEM LINE. CAUTION CARD. FOR CLOSING UP TRAINS IN SECTION. --..... Tower, _.. I._ _ 1... To Engineer and Conductor, -_Train (or En5gine) ____ track. Pull up slozwly into next section, retardless of fi. {.svi/gnals, close to lthe pr-ecding train. )ptral to-. NoTE.-The engineer receiving this card, duly dated, timed and signed, will run to the next signal or point of obstruction with train under full control and as he knows the way to be clear, and on completion of the trip will send the card to this office..Sruperin tendotLn t. HARLEM LINE. ----- --- CLEARANCE CARD. ____ Tower 190_. To Conductor and Engineer, Train AVo. on Track A;o. Signal has failed to clear. pyroceed with caution to next signalr tower. O pcro)-.t This card must not be used except in case of failure of block signals, ano when section has been duly reported clear by the operator at advance tower. The engineer receiving it duly dated, timed and signed, will run to next signal with train underfull ccontrol, and on completion of trip will send the card to this office. SSuperintendent. HARLEM LINE. TRAIN DETENTION SERVICE. 7-.1,r- r iX To Conductor and Engineer, A o. -....... ______ S e Train_____ ___ is stalled (or disab'led) at____.__Street. Pull slowly into next section, regardless of fixed sigtnals, to disabled train, at(, h'elp them to __________._ _ _____ Superin tetnden t. ____________ ________ ____ (Conductor. Engineer. Opera tr. This card must not be used except in case of train being stalled or disabled. 'he Conductor and Engineer receiving it duly dated, timed and signed, will run as per order herein given, and on completion of trip will send the card to this office. Superin t'end'n t. 64 GRAND CENTRAL STATION AND HARLEM LINE. OFFICE, 0F TIH SUPERINTENDENT. N'Vw York_ ____ _1..j 90 Tc'ler tphic 7'-ain Ord/'er umb_. -___ __ Tn At Rec'd AT. fadde_.... __.__ Superintendent. Dispatcher. An Received by__.... _____ _......-. —._ Operator. 65 Rules for Reporting Accidents. 109 All accidents, no matter how trivial they may Prompt appear, occurring at the Grand Central Station, or on Pe the Harlem Line, must be reported promptly by wire. 110 Whenever an accident occurs resulting in personal injuries, a written report must be made to the Superintendent, giving all the facts obtainable, and as soon thereafter as possible a regular report filled out complete must be forwarded.to the Superintendent's Office. 111 State on the blank in each case whether the injured person was an employe, passenger, or an outsider. 112 In giving the names of witnesses, bear in witnesses. mind that any persons who were at or near the scene of the accident are classed as witnesses, and even though they may have no knowledge of the occurrence, or did not actually see it, still their names may be essential to the proper protection of the company's interests. 113 When an employe is an eye-witness of an accident, even though the duty of making a report does not devolve upon him, he will bring the matter to the attention of the proper official, giving all the information he may be able to secure. 114 If an accident occurs resulting in personalPlatforms injuries, damage to clothing, etc., by persons falling d bridges on or from platforms or bridges, a careful examination of the premises must be made at once to ascertain 5 66 the actual cause of the accident; whether refuse was responsible for the fall, or whether or not the platform or bridge was wet or slippery from water, sno\\, ice or grease. Snow and 115 If fall was due to accumulation of snow and Ice. ice, the date and time snow began to fall,- ceased to fall, work of removal of same was commenced, and date and time the platform or bridge was in safe condition for use, must be given in space provided for that purpose. Obstruc- 116 If an accident occurs resulting in personal tions. injuries, damage to clothing, etc., by reason of an obstruction on or near tracks, platforms or bridges, it will be necessary to ascertain how long such obstruction existed, and by whose authority it was allowed to exist. Was it properly reported when first noticed? Repairs. 117 If the premises where an accident occurred were undergoing repairs, so advise, stating who was in charge of the work and responsible for giving warning and proper protection. Vehicles. 118 If accidents occur in which wagons are involved, the name and address of the owner and driver, and the extent of damage done and injury received must be given. Damage 119 If accidents occur resulting in damage to equipment. equipment or to other property of the Companies terminating at this Station, the cause of the accident, and name in full of the party at fault, must be given, as well as all other information called for on the blank. Inspection. 120 Proper inspection must be made of all points 67 where accidents occur, that actual facts may be contained in the report. 121 In case of a disabled train requiring assis- Disabled train. tance, the conductor will notify the Superintendent's Office at once on the N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. form I I I, 'l'legraplhic Report of Accident, from the nearest signal tower, bearing in mind that his first thought should l)e for the comfort of passengers. Written report on regular Harlem Line Accident blank must be forwarded to the Superintendent's Office as soon thereafter as possible. A i!;., i T:, SPECIAL RULES. A SPECIAL RULES. Train Masters. 122 Train Masters report to and receive theirReport to. instructions from the Superintendent. 123 Pass the required examination as to charac- Examinater, habits, education, and record of previous service. Knowledge of Time-tables, rules and regulations, characteristics of road, grades, curves, etc., location and indication of all fixed signals, construction and use of air brake appliances. How to meet emergencies and break-downs; also for color perception, strength of vision and hearing. 124 It is their duty to exercise general super-Duty. vision over all employes in Train and Yard service on their respective districts; to know that they fully understand and observe the rules; and to see that no employe is allowed in train service without having passed the prescribed examination. 125 Give special attention to the prompt and Movement regular movement of traffic; see that the proper number of cars are moved by each engine; that no more shop trains are run than actually necessary; watch and investigate the detention of trains; be familiar with the proper distribution of cars, and make frequent inspection of bulletin boards and be responsible for their condition. 71 72 Accidents. 126 In case of accident, when necessary, proceed to the place, take general charge of clearing the road, and protect the wrecked property, unless otherwise provided for. Other duties. 127 Perform such other duties as may be assigned you by the Superintendent. Chief Train Dispatchers. Reportto. 128 Chief Train Dispatchers report to and receive their instructions from the Superintendent. Supervision 129 They will have charge of Train Dispatchers and telegraph operators on their respective districts or divisions. Duty. 130 See that train orders are issued in accordance with the prescribed forms, go over the division as often as convenient, and give special attention to the condition of instruments, wires, and train order signals, and prevent unnecessary use of the wires. 131 See that only one person issues train orders over the same territory at the same time. Rules for Train Dispatchers. Report to. 132 Report to and receive instructions from the Chief Train Dispatcher. 133 Pass the examination required as to: Character, habits, education and record of previous Examina- service. tion. Knowledge of Time-table, rules and regulations. 73 Characteristics of road, grades, curves, sidings, etc. Location and indication of all fixed signals. Report for duty promptly, and remain until relieved; when relieved, make, with ink, in the train order book, a written transfer of all orders issued and not fully executed; see that all such orders, and everything pertaining thereto, are fully understood by the relieving dispatcher. 134 Report to the operator at Mott HavenRecords. Junction departure of all trains or engines. Trains or engines arriving on the Harlem line at Mott Haven Junction must be reported promptly to the Dispatcher, giving class of train, number of cars, and road to which it belongs. 135 Keep in a book, provided for that purpose, all instructions and train orders which may from time to time be issued to operators and others; also a record of all failures of signals. 136 When the line is obstructed, and it becomes Single track. necessary to use " Single Track " over any portion of it, trains will be moved by telegraph. The nature of the order given must be understood perfectly by the Conductor and Engineman of the train to whom it is addressed, and they must not proceed with their train until they have sent their understanding of the order and received in reply from the person sending such order the words " All Right," with his signature attached. 137 Conform to all the rules and regulations forDuty. the movement of trains by train orders. 74 Orders. 138 Issue orders for the movement of trains in the name of the Superintendent. 139 Use the simplest form of orders that will accomplish the desired result, and limit the number of specified movements in each order as far as practicable. 140 Use care in sending train orders; do not transmit an order faster than the receiving operator can take and write plainly. 141 Watch the movement of trains; anticipate as far as possible and prevent unnecessary delays. Records. 142 Keep a record showing the time of arrival and departure of trains at all towers; see that operators report trains promptly. File the records for future reference. 143 Keep a record of the important incidents that occur during your hours of duty, that affect the movement of, or endanger trains, and in sufficient detail to give all necessary information whenever called for. Report such cases to the Chief Train Dispatcher. 144 See that the operators carefully observe the rules for movement of trains by train orders, and that they perform their duty with promptness. Report any who are in any way careless or inaccurate. rrains run- 145 When necessary to give extra trains in opponing single track. site directions, on single track, running orders to the same point, specify in the orders how they shall pass. Standard 1.46 See that nothing is allowed to interfere with time. the transmission of standard time at the prescribed hour. 75 Telegraph Operators and Towermen. 147 Telegraph Operators report to and receiveReport to. their orders from the Chief Train Dispatcher, and will comply with the instructions of the Superintendent. 148 Pass the examination required as to: Character, habits, education, and record of previous service. Knowledge of Time-table, rules and regulations. Also, for color perception, strength of vision and hearing. 149 Give exclusive attention to the business of the company during the prescribed hours. 150 Must have a thorough knowledge of switch-Knowledge of switchboards and their manipulation, all wires leading into boards, etc. their office, all instruments used in telegraphing and the care and maintenance of necessary batteries. 151 When required will be in the offices at other than regular office hours in case of accident or emergency, or whenever the interests of the company require. 152 Day operators are managers of their respec-Managers. tive offices unless otherwise directed. 153 Where both day and night operators are em- Relieve each ployed, do not leave the office until relieved by each other. other. 154 Consider the telegraph a confidential service, Confidential service. and treat the contents of messages which are sent, re-v ceived, or overheard accordingly. 76 Students. 155 No students will be allowed in offices without the written approval of the Superintendent. Private 166 Do not allow private lines or instruments on lines. the company's premises, except as authorized by the Superintendent. Train 157 Be familiar with the "Rules for the moveorders. ment of trains by train orders," and know that required signals are promptly displayed; see that all orders received are properly delivered, and that no order is accepted for delivery to a train that has passed, or for delivery to a train that has received a clearance card at your station. 158 Be ready at all times to receive train orders, and when relieved, transfer to the relieving operator all train orders, notices, and messages on hand. 159 Copy all train orders on the blanks provided for that purpose. Delivery 160 Give immediate attention to the delivery of messages. messages affecting in any way the safety of trains or the property of the company. When unable to personally deliver them promptly to the parties addressed, call on any employe to make the delivery, and inform him of the importance of the message. Date and file. 161 Messages must be correctly dated and show the time filed, the time sent or received, and the private signals and office calls of the sending and receiving operators. Reports. 162 Report the departure of all trains to the dispatcher promptly, unless otherwise instructed. 77 163 Operators at East 72d Street tower will report by wire to 5oth Street all Southbound extra trains. 164 Use great care in adjusting instruments at Adjustment. all times, and especially in bad weather, never opening the key unless positive that wire is not being used. 165 Observe all interruptions to circuits, and Examine instruments. make frequent examinations of all office connections, viz.: at switchboards, relays, keys underneath the table, and at lightning arresters or any other devices in circuit with the wires. 166 Should the circuit remain open at any time Groundwire. over two minutes apply the ground wire and report promptly to the next testing office, or to the Chief Train Dispatcher, which way the wire is open. The ground wire must not be used except for testing wires when interrupted, and then only long enough to report or to transact unusually important business; when the latter is done the Test Operator must be advised that ground has been so used. 167 Make such wire connections on switchboards Tests. and such wire tests as directed to do by the Test Operator, and respect his signal and obey his instructions promptly. When directed by the Test Operator to open or ground a wire do not fail to reply, "Now," immediately upon doing so. Must not make any wire connections unless directed to do so, and must always keep an instrument on the wire on which directions are being given until the desired communication is restored. 78 unnecessary 168 Unnecessary communication on the wire use of wire. between operators is forbidden. Messages to 169 Messages, unless on company's business, or be handled. signed by some officer of the company or its immediate connections, must be refused. snenfcessar 170 When messages are offered for transmission which could apparently go by train mail, call the attention of the person signing the message to the fact and, if still so requested, transmit the message, sending a copy by mail to the Superintendent for investigation. Contention 171 Contention for circuit, or the use of profane for circuit. or indecent language on the circuit, will not be permitted. Speed of 172 In transmitting messages regulate the speed sending operators. to suit the ability of the receiving operator. Under ordinary circumstances the sending operator will be held responsible for errors in transmission. Sign office 173 Sign own office call after every third call. call. After calling an office nine times, yield to any other office wanting the circuit. To retain 174 Circuit can be retained by saying "HR" circuit. after the signature to a message and before signing office call; but this will not prevent taking the business of any office after sending to it, owing to the fact that he has business for other offices. The key must never be thrown open to hold the circuit. Personal 175 Do not change personal signal without persig nal. mission from the Chief Train Dispatcher, or other person in charge of operators on the division. 79 176 Give personal attention to the care of the clock. clock in the office; have a regular time for winding it. Report to the dispatcher aly daily variations of over ai minute from the time given by the standard. 177 Towermen are enjoined to observe Observe trains trains passing their block stations very closely. closely, and should anything be wrong to notify block station in advance. 178 Telegraph Numerals. i Wait a minute. 3 Give me correct time. 4 Where shall I repeat from? 5 Close your key; you are breaking. 7 I have business; are you ready? 8 Busy on other wire. 9 To clear the line for train orders, and for operators to ask for train orders. 12 How do you understand? 13 Understand. l4 What is the weather? 15 Have you any orders? I8 What is the matter? 19 Train order-as provided in the rules governing same. 21 Extreme emergency. This must have preference over all other business except "9" "19" "31" and "39". 23 The following is for you and others. 24 Repeat this back. 80 28 Do you get my writing? 29 This is private and must be delivered in sealed envelope. 31 Train order-as provided in the rules governing same. 34 This message is of great importance. 39 This must have preference over all other business and used only by the Manager. 92 This message should be copied in ink. The word " wire " will be used by the Testing Operator for wire-testing purposes, and will have preference over all signals excepting "9," ("I9 " " 3I" and " 39," as provided in the rules). NOTE.- Operators must not make use of any signals for business other than that to which such signals are ascribed. Rules for Levermen. Report. 179 Levermen in Towers Nos. i and 2 will report to and receive instructions from the director, except as otherwise ordered. Examina- 180 Pass the examination required as to: tion. Character, habits, education, and record of previous service, knowledge of Time-tables, rules and regulations, characteristics of yard. Location and indication of all yard signals. Color perception, strength of vision and hearing. Call routes. 181 The director must call the routes plainly, and leverman will repeat the instructions before taking any action. 81 Rules for Yard-masters. 182 Report to and receive instructions from the Report to. 'rain-master. 183 Pass the examination required as to: ExaminaCharacter, habits, education and record of previous service. Knowledge of Time-table, rules and regulations. Construction and use of air brake appliances. Also, for color perception, strength of vision, and hearing. 184 Will have charge of the yard and see that same is kept in good order; be responsible for the prompt movement, proper distribution and placing of cars so that they may be inspected or repaired. 185 See that trains are properly made up and leave on time, reporting all detentions and causes of same. 186 Care must be taken so that unnecessary noise will not be made with engines or by employes when near sleeping cars in service. 187 Keep a record of the initials, number and seals Records. of each freight car arriving at or departing from the yard, giving date and train numbers, and make daily reports of the same on the blanks provided for that purpose. 188 Freight cars must not be forwarded unless ac- Waybill companied by memorandum bills; such memorandums rght cas specifying contents must show to whose order cars are billed at Melrose Jet. 6 82 Unit for 189 Do not permit a train to start with an engineduty. man, conductor or trainman who has apparently been drinking intoxicating liquors, or is unfit for duty, nor fail to report such occurrences at once to the trainmaster. 190 Be familiar with the rules for movement of trains and for the government of employes in the train and yard service, and require the prompt and efficient discharge of duty by all employes subject to your direction. Bulletin 191 See that all official orders and notices are kept boards. posted on bulletin boards provided for that purpose. Noise. 192 See that no unnecessary noise is made with engines or by employes in doing their work. Rules for Station Masters. Report to. 193 Report to and receive instructions from the Superintendent; obey all orders or instructions issued by the several officers of the Company relating to the business of their respective departments. Examina- 194 Pass the examination as to: tion. Character, habits, education and record of previous service. Knowledge of Time-table, rules and regulations. Also, for color perception, strength of vision and hearing. Duty. 195 Devote your time exclusively to the business of the company, unless expressly exempted in writing by the Superintendent from so doing. 83 196 Give prompt attention to all correspondence Correspon relating to the business of the company. 197 Avoid giving offense and act with the view of accommodating the public and promoting the best interests of the company, notifying the Superintendent or heads of departments interested of anything prejudicial thereto, or conducive to its good, present or prospective. 198 Be responsible for the company's property, including station buildings and grounds, and for the care and safety of all property intrusted to the company in the transaction of its business, and for the prompt and efficient discharge of duty by all employes subject to your direction. 199 Preserve order in and about the stations; keep order. the buildings and grounds connected therewith neat and clean and in proper condition for the accommodation of passengers. 200 Care must be taken to keep the waiting-room and other parts of the building clean and free from rubbish, sweepings, hot ashes, and all inflammable material. 201 Cleaning of cars, except a light dusting, willcleaning. not be permitted in the station. Papers and other refuse must not be thrown out on the tracks or platforms, but must be put in boxes provided for that purpose. 202 Subject to the Superintendent, regulate thevehicles places where hacks and other vehicles shall be allowed to stand, and where the drivers thereof and persons representing hotels, or other persons not in the em 84 ploy of the company, shall remain while on the company's premises. Articles for 203 Do not allow unauthorized persons tooffer any sale. articles whatever for sale on the company's property. Advertise- 204 Do not permit advertisements of any kind merits. except such as are duly authorized by the Superintendent to be posted on the company's premises. Loiterers. 205 Do not allow loiterers or disorderly persons to interfere with the comfort and convenience of passengers or with employes in the performance of their duties. Make-up of 206 See that passenger trains are made up in the trains. order designated, that crews report for duty at the prescribed hour, and that trains leave on time. Uniforms. 207 Inspect the uniforms of employes and know that they are presentable. Announce- 208 Before the arrival or departure of a train ment. announce in the waiting-room, and on the platform, its direction, its destination, state whether local or through, and mention the next and principal stops. (This duty maybe delegated to doormen or ushers.) Keep proper 209 Keep a record of all trains and cars, note all records. irregularities, and see that reports of same are made to the proper officer. Unfit for 210 Do not permit a train to start with an enduty. gineman, conductor or trainman who has apparently been drinking intoxicating liquors, or is unfit for duty, nor fail to report such occurrences at once to the Superintendent. 85 211 Employes on duty or in uniform will not be Employes Loitering. allowed to occupy seats in the waiting-rooms or loiter in or about the Station, except in the rooms provided for them. Station Agents. 212 Station Agents report to and receive theirReportto. orders from the Superintendent, and will comply with instructions issued by the Passenger, Freight, and Accounting Departments. 213 Will have charge of the business of the Duty. company at the station, all property connected therewith, and all persons employed thereat. 214 See that the station and grounds are in condition of proper condition for the safety, comfort and conve-premises nience of patrons. 215 See that the station is supplied with the ne- Signal cessary lanterns, flags, and torpedoes, and that they are appliances. ready for immediate use. 216 Do not permit advertising matter to be posted Advertising in or about stations, or other structures located on the company's property, without proper authority. 217 Enforce order, and require all persons em- Order and ployed at the station to be polite and considerate in politeness. their intercourse with the public. 218 Use every proper means to secure and hold Holdtraffic. traffic for the road. 219 Open the ticket office thirty minutes before sale of the departure of trains, and, as far as possible, see that tickets. passengers have tickets before boarding trains, 86 220 Do not sell tickets to persons who are not in condition to care for themselves (unless accompanied by an attendant), or whose conduct may be a source of annoyance or danger to other passengers. Prinatei 221 Post, in a prominent place, Time-tables and information for public. Tariffs, and other matter issued by the Freight and Passenger Departments for the information of the public. aacks, etc. 222 Designate the place where hacks, omnibuses, and other vehicles, the drivers thereof, and persons representing hotels, may remain while on the company's property. Trucks. 223 Baggage and express trucks must not be left where they are liable to be pushed or blown onto the tracks, or to come in contact with passengers. They must not be wheeled alongside a train from which passengers are alighting, and, when not in use, must be kept in the places assigned for them. U. s. Mail. 224 Employes must use the utmost care in looking after the U. S. mails. They must not be left unguarded for a single moment, nor allowed to remain on the platform where they will be liable to get wet or be tampered with, nor must they be left where passengers may fall over them. They must be kept carefully under lock and key unless some one is in charge of them, or until such time as they are delivered to the person authorized to receive them. Legal papers 225 When legal papers are served on agents as representatives of the company, agents will note thereon the date, hour, and by whom served, and forward papers at once to the General Counsel at New 87 York by U. S. mail, and inform the Superintendent by wire of the serving of the papers and their object. Rules for Doormen. 226 They will report to and receive instructions Report to. from the Station Master, and must not be absent from duty without permission. 227 Remain in lplaces to which they are assigned, Reading. and do not read newspapers or books while on duty. 228 Always be courteous to passengers and re- Avoid alter. frain from any altercation. Whenever a dispute with passengers is imminent, do not offer any remarks beyond referring them to the Station Master's office. 229 Do not allow passengers to take large Large bundles into the trains, entailing inconvenience tobudle other passengers. 230 Do not allow employes, or encourage other Loitering. persons, to stand or loiter around the gates while admitting passengers to trains, but devote your time to seeing that passengers have tickets and are directed to the right train. Rules for Attendants. 231 They will report to and receive instructions Report to. from the Station Master, except as otherwise instructed. 232 Do not read newspapers or books while on Reading on duty, but give your whole attention to caring for pas- duty sengers. 88 Assist pas- 233 Be on the alert continually to assist patrons; sengers. any discrimination will be considered just cause for dismissal. 234 Assist passengers with luggage to and from trains; soliciting for tips will not be permitted. 236 As soon as passengers have been cared for, immediately offer their services to others, if there are any in waiting who may be in need of help. Do not loiter around a cab or carriage after the patrons have been cared for. Station Baggage Masters. Report to. 236 Station Baggage Master report to and receive orders from the Superintendent or Station Agent, as directed, and will comply with instructions issued by the General Baggage Agent. Duty. 237 Will have charge of the baggage-room and persons employed therein. 238 Be responsible for baggage while in your charge. 239 See that all baggage is handled carefully, and be civil and obliging to passengers. 240 See that no unauthorized person has access to the baggage-room. Rules for Baggagemen. Report to. 241 Report to and receive instructions from the Station Baggage Master. 89 242 Pass the examination required as to: Examination. Character, habits, education, and record of previous service. 243 Be respectful and courteous at all times to Passengers. passengers, cheerfully giving all necessary information concerning transportation of baggage. 244 Do not receive for transportation any article Articles for transportaexcept the company's material and supplies, unless tion. duly authorized by the rules and orders. Carry no letters, valuable parcels, or money packages, except on railroad business. 245 Take great care in the handling and delivery u. s. Mail. of United States mail, and see that it is regularly received from and delivered to the proper agents, and strictly conform to all regulations pertaining to the mail service, promptly reporting every irregularity. Rules for Baggage Elevatormen. 246 They will report to and receive instructions Report to. from the Foreman of Elevators. 247 Pass the examination required as to: ExaminaCharacter, habits, record of previous service. tion. Vision and hearing. 248 Will be held responsible for the proper Duty. operation of the elevators, and must not permit anyone except the repairmen or proper official to operate same. 249 Employes and all others are forbidden to Dangerelelounge around the elevators, and all concerned are ator hats 90 cautioned in regard to the danger existing in looking down the elevator shafts. Trucks. 250 All trucks must be located on the platform of each elevator so that the ends do not come in contact with the sides of the shaft. 251 Porters will not be permitted to block the exit by baggage or trucks, and must use the utmost dispatch consistent with safety in performing their duties. Care to avoid 252 All employes must exercise caution in order accidents. to prevent accidents to persons or damage to baggage occurring, and especial care must be taken to avoid accidents on account of elevator gates ascending or descending. Protecting 253 In addition to other duties, you will, when passengers from eleva- passengers are being discharged from incoming trains tor walls. keep a sharp lookout to protect them from coming in contact with the walls of the elevator shaft, giving sufficient warning of such danger. Reading. 254 Reading while on duty is forbidden. Bell code. 255 The bell code outlined below will be the only recognized signals, and the elevatorman will not move the elevators except upon proper signal, or unless authorized to do so by orders of the proper official. All signals must be repeated back by the elevator man. Bell Code: I. One bell to raise elevator. 2. Two bells to lower elevator. 3. Danger. Do not move elevator. 91 Rules for Conductors. 256 Report to and receive instructions from the Report to. Train Master and conform to the instructions issued by the Superintendent. 257 Pass the examinations required as to: Examination. Character, habits, education and records of previous service. Knowledge of Time-table, rules and regulations. Characteristics of road, grades, curves, sidings, etc. Location and indication of all fixed signals. Construction and use of air brake appliances. How to meet emergencies and break-downs. Also, for color perception, strength of vision and hearing. 258 Have general charge of the train, and of all Duty. men employed on the train. 259 Be on hand, ready for duty, as directed; also, if necessary, assist in making up the train. 260 Be responsible for the movement, safety and proper care of the train, in strict accordance with the rules, special instructions and orders, and for the faithful and prompt performance of duty by the trainmen. 261 Make the safety of the train of the first impor- Safety of tance in the discharge of your duties. Should there betrain any doubt as to the right of road or safety of proceeding from any cause, consult the engineman, and be equally responsible with him for the safety and proper handling of the train, and for such use of signals and other precautions as the case may require. Be vigilant 92 and cautious, not trusting alone to signals or rules for safety. Inspection. 262 See that the train is properly made up and inspected; that it is provided with everything required by the rules, and with all spare articles and appliances to be used in emergencies; and that brake, signal whistle and steam heat tests are made before starting. Make same tests whenever any cars have been taken from (except rear) or added to the train, and before proceeding on the trip. Report all defects discovered Brakes. 263 All south-bound trains must be run down as far as possible to lower end of station. Hand brakes must be used by trainmen to stop trains in the station; air must not be used, except in cases of emergency. Planks. 264 Are required to see that brakeman and porters put down planks at each car platform of trains loading on track No. 20, and that they do not take up platform planks before gates are closed. Bulletin 265 Examine the bulletin board before starting board. upon each trip. 266 Show all train orders to your flagman as soon after receipt as practicable. 267 Push buttons have been placed on the posts at the north end of the tracks in the train shed, that are connected with indicators located in the tower. These push buttons must not be used except by conductors. 268 When a train is ready to leave the Station the conductor will notify the tower by pressing the 93 push button. Clear signals will not be given until conductor has notified the towerman the train is ready to proceed. 269 Be careful not to signal the tower until passengers have boarded the train and everything is in readiness to proceed. 270 The push buttons are also for use of conductors of shop trains and yard switchers. When they are ready to leave the Station, they will notify the tower as outlined above. 271 Keep a memorandum of any unusual occur- Reports. rence, and the details connected therewith, and be prepared to give a full report whenever required. 272 See that all reports are properly made out and promptly forwarded to the proper officer. 273 Report promptly and in writing to the Superintendent, on blanks provided for that purpose, any failure of engines, train parting, and defects discovered in roadway or bridges. 274 North-bound shop trains must be inspected before leaving the Grand Central Station, and when they are left at Mott Haven, and any damage must be reported to the Train Master. 275 South-bound shop trains must be inspected before leaving Mott Haven, and when left at the Grand Central Station, and any damage must be reported to the Train Master. 276 Make written report, on proper blanks, of all detentions to trains in your charge. 94 Yard 277 Yard conductors will obey promptly all conductors. orders from the Yard-master on duty. 278 Will be held responsible for the work and conduct of the men in their charge. 279 See that the men never leave a car or cars in the yard without having the brakes set on same, or wheels blocked. 280 Whenever long trains are unloading passengers on platform between Tracks No. 2 and No. 3, a train must not move on or from No. 2 track until passengers have been discharged and are out of the way of danger. Train Baggagemen. Report to. 281 Train Baggagemen while on trains are subject to the orders of the conductor, and to the orders of the Station Master. They are responsible for the safety of all property intrusted to their care, and will comply with the instructions of the General Baggage Agent. Duty. 282 Report for duty in uniform at least thirty minutes before leaving time of the train; handle baggage carefully, and remain in the baggage car during the entire trip, except when called upon to perform other duties. Examination. 283 Pass the examination required as to: Character, habits, education and record of previous service. Knowledge of Time-table, rules and regulations. Characteristics of road, grades, curves, sidings, etc. 95 Construction and use of air brake appliances. Also, for color perception, strength of vision, and hearing. 284 Where there is but one trainman on the signal train, the baggageman will have the necessary signalappliances. ap)pliances on hand. 286 Do not carry anything unless it is checked or Proper,.,,..': ~. t~. authority. way-billed, without permission from proper authority. 286 Check baggage received at stops where there Checking of are no agents, and take up checks for baggage de-baggae livered at such points. Keep all checks in possession under lock and key. 287 Before throwing off any package, be sure that Care in handling it will clear the train, and that there is no person or ob- packages. ject in the way which may be struck by it. 288 Remain in the cars at the end of the trip End oftrip. until all baggage and other matter is delivered and receipted for. 289 Keep end doors of baggage cars secured,Not allowed in baggage and do not allow any person to enter, except officers, car. mail agents, express messengers, Union News agents, and trainmen in the discharge of their duties. 290 Give proper attention to the custody and u.s.Mail. delivery of United States mail, and report any irregularities promptly to the Superintendent; pay close attention to the custody and delivery of train mail. 96 Trainmen. Report to. 291 Passenger Trainmen while on trains are subject to the orders of the conductor, and must obey the orders of the Station Master or Agent. Examination. 292 Pass the examination required as to: Character, habits, education and record of previous service. Knovledge of time-table, rules and regulations. Construction and use of air-brake appliances. Also, for color perception, strength of vision and hearing. Duty. 293 Report for duty in uniform at least thirty minutes before leaving time, and assist in making up the train when necessary. Display 294 Display prescribed signals at the rear of the signals. train, and have all necessary supplies and signals on hand and ready for immediate use. 295 See that the water-coolers are supplied with ice and water, and know that the lamps, whistle signals, air brakes, steam heat, and all connections are in good working order. Handle 296 Assist in handling train baggage when necesbaggage. sary to avoid delay. Assist 297 Take position at the car steps to assist paspassengers. sengers, and, where practicable, request them to show their tickets, directing those without tickets to the office to procure them. Flagman 298 Compare watches with the conductor before compare watch. assuming duties of flagman, and be governed by the 97 rules of conductors, in so far as the rules pertain to your Iluties. 299 Look the train over carefully before starting, Inspect and know that all couplings, brake and running gear are in good order. Inspect the train as often as possible during the trip. 300 See that hand brakes are applied so as to Braking. avoid sliding or overheating the wheels. Braking should be changed in descending long grades. 301 In passing through sleeping, dining, or private Remove cap. cars, do so quietly; and if meals are being served, remove the cap. 302 Look to the comfort of passengers, and main- Comfort of tain a comfortable temperature and proper ventilation passengers. of the cars. 303 Do not occupy seats with passengers, avoid Conduct of train all familiarity with them, and do not engage in con- employes. versation further than is necessary in the proper discharge of your duties. 304 The forward trainman must have the neces- Signal sary signal appliances on hand, and ready for use, and appliances be prepared to protect the front of the train, if it is necessary to do so. 305 In announcing the names of stations observe Announcing stations. the following: On departing from a station, go to the center of the car and announce, " The next station is..........," repeating the name of the station. Just before arriving at a station, at which the train stops, announce the 7 98 arrival in the same manner from inside of car, as follows: "This station is.......," the name of the station to be repeated. At meal stations the length of time the train is to stop must also be announced. Before a passenger train leaves a junction station, announce in each car the destination of the train, thus: "This train for........ The next station is,. If the train stops before arriving at the station platform, after the announcement has been made, the trainmen must call out, "This is not the station stop," so that passengers will not be misled, and attempt to leave the train. Master Mechanic. Report to. 306 The Master Mechanic will report to and receive instructions from the Assistant Manager. Examination. 307 Will pass the examinations as to: Character, habits, education, record of previous service, knowledge of Time-tables, rules, regulations. Characteristics of road grades, curves. Location and indication of all fixed signals. Handling of a locomotive, its care and management, and economy in the use of fuel and other supplies. Construction and use of air brakes. Application, how to meet emergencies and breakdowns. Color perception and strength of vision and hearing. Duty. 308 Will have general charge of locomotive en 99 gineers, firemen, wipers and round-house men, and stationary engineers and firemen. 309 Do not permit an engineer or fireman to be assigned to service over the Harlem Iine until having passed the required examinations. 310 Keep the electrical ap)paratus in your charge Electrical apparatus. in proper order. 311 Make frequent inspection of air compressors, Inspection. and be responsible for their proper maintenance. 312 Make frequent inspection of the locomotives, keeping them in proper repair. 313 See that cars in the yard are heated by steam satisfactorily. 314 Frequent inspection must be made of all water stations and prompt repairs made where necessary to reservoirs, pumps, tanks, pipe lines, boilers, water troughs, water columns, etc. The water stations must be constantly inspected during extreme cold weather, and kept in such condition that engines can take water at any time. 315 The inspection, repairs and renewals of all boilers will be under the Master Mechanic, who will be responsible for the care and operation of all boilers installed in heat, light, and power plants; also water supply stations, coal stations, bridges, derricks, cranes, etc. Make prompt report when any boiler shall show signs of weakness and arrange for the necessary repairs at once. 100 Reortson 316 See that engineers make written report o engines. daily of work required on the engines, and see that the road foreman makes frequent inspection to know that proper work has been performed. Records. 317 Keep an accurate tabulated record of all boilers, and see that extra parts of machinery used on the Harlem River drawbridge are ordered and received in ample time to replace any parts showing evidence of wear or need of early renewal. Enginemen. Report to. 318 Enginemen report to and receive their instructions from the Master Mechanic. When at the engine-house they are under the direction of the Engine Dispatcher. When on the road they are subject to the orders of the Superintendent and Train Master. Duty. 318a They must obey the orders of Yard masters as to shifting and making up trains, and those of conductors as to starting, stopping, and general management of trains, unless they endanger the safety of the train or require violation of rules. 319 Report for duty at the appointed time; see that the engine is in good order, furnished with necessary stores, supplies, tools and signals in good condition, and see that they are kept in the places provided for them; examine the bulletin board before starting on, and at the end of each trip compare time with the conductor before starting, regulate the speed between stations, make frequent inspection of the engine, and 101 report failure in duty or violation of rules on the part of any employe. 320 Pass the examinations required as to: Examination. Character, habits, education, and record of previous service. Knowledge of Time-table, rules and regulations. Characteristics of road, grades, curves, etc. Location and indication of all fixed signals. Knowledge of locomotive, its care and manage ment, and economy in use of fuel and other supplies. Construction and use of air brake appliances. How to meet emergencies and break-downs. Also, for color perception, strength of vision and hearing. 321 Make the safety of the train of the first im- Safety of portance in the discharge of your duties. Should there iportrance. be any doubt as to the right of road or safety of proceeding from any cause, consult with the conductor, and be equally responsible with him for the safety and proper handling of the train, and for such use of signals and other precautions as the case may require. Be vigilant and cautious, not trusting alone to signals or rules for safety. 322 The engineman is jointly and equally re- Responsisponsible with the conductor for the safety of hisbi"ly. train and the movement of the same in strict compliance with the rules, and he must decline to obey any orders which involve peril to his train or violation of the rules. When there is no conductor, or he is disabled, the engineman will have charge of the 102 train, and will be governed by the rules prescribed for conductors. 323 Come from round house with the fire in the engine in such condition that a heavy dense smoke will not be emitted while at the Grand Central Station. The baring of fires in and around the station is strictly prohibited. Firing 324 Avoid creating smoke at the Grand Central Station or on the Harlem Line. No coal must be thrown into furnace at the Grand Central Station or on the Harlem Line, unless it should become actually necessary to replenish the fire; then only anthracite coal or coke must be thrown on, and only at such points north of the tunnel as will not be likely to bring complaints from residents. Bituminous coal must not be used under any circumstances. When fresh coal is put into fire-box, furnace door must be kept open until smoke is consumed. Track 325 When changes of track or repairs are being changes. made in yard, run cautiously and use all care to avoid accident. Handling of 326 Before leaving a terminal station apply the steam heat, air brake and air brakes and steam heat when required, and allow air whise. them to remain on long enough for the inspectors or trainmen to see that the apparatus is in perfect working condition throughout the train, and when cars have been attached to or taken out, the brakes must again be applied to know that they are in working order before proceeding on the trip. In making regular stops they must be applied in such manner as to 103 avoid discomfort to the passengers or injury to the equipment. Know that the air signal is in proper working order. 327 Always be in the cab when the engine is standing under steam, or have the fireman or other responsible employe there; the throttle must be closed, the reverse lever in center and brakes set. 328 Be particular when taking orders from the conductor that you fully understand them. 329 Show train orders to the fireman, also to the Trainorder forward brakeman, and require them to read them. 330 Do not permit anyperson to ride on the engine, No one to except designated employes in the discharge of their rigde n luties, without a written order from proper authority. 331 Personally control every movement of the Control movement. engine. The fireman must not be allowed to move it, except with the approval of the proper official. 332 Instruct the fireman in all his duties, espe- instruct firemen. cially as to economy in use of fuel and other supplies. 333 Must exercise care to prevent water being Handling oi thrown from smokestacks when starting, and not open engine cylinder-cocks when using steam, nor permit overflow from injectors at station platforms. 334 Start carefully on receiving proper signal, avoid slipping driving wheels, observe markers, or have fireman do so, to know that train is complete. 335 Engine bell must not be rung except where Ringing ennecessary to warn persons walking on the tracks be- gin bel1 tween I oth and I34th Streets. 104 Signal 336 Keep a lighted red lantern, with three torpeappliances. does attached, in cab of engine, where it cannot be seen by passing trains, for use in case of necessity. 337 Engine decks must not be swept or washed off while engine is in the train shed. Care must be used so that refuse oil and coal will not be thrown on the platforms. Sand. Do not sand the rail while passing over switches or interlocking connections. Airbrake 338 Test the air brake one half mile from stations test. where engines have been changed, or where cars have been taken on or left; also, at least one mile before reaching railroad crossings, drawbridges, and at other hazardous places, and before going down heavy grades, and in case the brakes do not hold, must at once signal for brakes. Such test to be made by applying the brakes with sufficient force to ascertain whether they are working properly. Steam should not be shut off when making the test, if the conditions are such as do not require it. Crossing 339 Brakes must not be applied or released bridges while crossing bridges or trestles except in cases of emergency. Dampers. 340 Keep the dampers of ash-pans closed while crossing bridges or trestles. Do not permit ash-pans to be cleaned while passing over switches or frogs, in front of stations, or on crossings. As far as practicable, they should be cleaned at the designated points only. See that ashes are wet down and that they are leveled to the height of the rail. 105 341 Report by telegraph all switch or other sig-Improper nals not properly lighted or displayed. signals. 342 Call aloud to the fireman the indications of call signals. all fixed signals as they come into view, and know the fireman repeats the same information. 343 When signals are obscured by fog or other-Obscured wise, bring your train under immediate control and signals run cautiously until you can positively see and distinguish the signals. Do not at any time run at any speed at which your train cannot be brought to a full stop from a point at which the home signals can be plainly seen, and before reaching the same; but if for any reason any part of the train passes the home signal while same is at danger, the train must back within the block by hand signal from the towerman, and not proceed until signal has cleared in the usual way, or until Clearance Card has been received from the towerman, except as provided in Rule No. 345, making full report to the Superintendent in writing of each occurrence. 344 Be particular, when stopping at home signals, Engines on the Harlem Line, not to let the leading wheels blokng pass beyond the signal. The electric circuit for the next'block in advance commences at the home signal, and any wheels standing thereon block the section. 345 Never pass a home signal when set at danger, Clearance or when it cannot be plainly seen to indicate safety,cards' except that when fixed signals from any cause cannot be used, enginemen will take green hand signals from operators in the Block signal tower, and proceed to 106 tower and there get clearance card, except at second section on No. 3 and 4 tracks at Harlem River drawbridge, where green hand signal will be given by bridgeman, and on No. 3 and 4 tracks at 96th Street, where green hand signal will be given by towerman, and proceed with caution to next fixed signal. Engine on 346 Never allow engine to stand on main line main line. unless properly protected under the rules. 347 Enginemen will be held directly responsible in event of the engine in their charge colliding with a preceding train within the yard limits. Care pn use 348 Be careful in the use of all property of the company. Never allow tank spouts, water cranes, hose pipes, or coal chutes to be moved to or from the tender while engine is in motion; also see that the spouts are empty before being moved, and that they are replaced in proper position and secured before leaving them. Safety 349 Never interfere with the safety valves, or valves. allow the boiler pressure to be above the limit at which the valves are set. Look back 350 When running freight trains, look back frefrequently. quently to see that no portion of the train has become detached or derailed. Double- 351 When a train has more than one engine the headers. requirements of the rules apply alike to the engineman of each engine, except that the use of the engine bell and whistle shall be limited to the leading engine. 107 352 At the end of each trip report any work required before engine is again assigned to service. 363 Report to the Master Mechanic any defect in or improper condition of engine. If engine is disabled on the road, make immediate report by telegraph to the Superintendent. 354 Report immediately to the Superintendent all Reports. accidents, injury to persons or property, and unusual detention of trains, using the forms provided for that purpose. Fill the blanks out properly, and give accurately and concisely all essential details. Firemen. 355 Pass the examinations required as to: Examination. Character, habits, education, and record of previous service. Knowledge of Time-table, rules and regulations. Location and indication of all fixed signals. Knowledge of economy in use of fuel and other supplies. Construction and use of air brake appliances. Also, for color perception, strength of vision and hearing. 356 Report for duty at the required time, andDuty. assist in switching and making up train when necessary, 357 Obey the orders of the engineman respecting the proper use of fuel and the manner of performing their work. 108 358 Be familiar with the train rules that apply to the protection of trains, understand the use of all signals, and be prepared to use them promptly when required, as provided in the rules. blltine 359 Examine the bulletin board before starting board. on each trip, and be familiar with all special orders pertaining to their trains or engines. Keep a constant lookout ahead when not engaged in firing, and give instant notice to the engineman of any danger signals or obstructions on the track. Take charge 360 Take charge of the engine in the absence of of engine. the engineman, and do not leave it until his return, nor permit any unauthorized person to be upon it. Engineman 361 In case the engineman becomes disabled, disabled. stop the engine and report to the conductor. Not to run 362 Do not run an engine in the absence of the engine. engineman without instructions from the Superintendent, unless in some emergency you are instructed to do so by the conductor or some officer in authority. Firing. 363 Avoid firing so as to cause the emission of black smoke at any time. Call signals. 364 Carefully notice the position and indication of all fixed signals, and. call them aloud to the engineman, and know that he repeats the same information. Keep in mind all orders and notices regarding the movement of trains, so as to be prepared to correct any oversight or mistake if there should be any occasion for so doing. 109 Rules for Engineer Maintenance of Way. 365 The maintenance of way and structures is in Organize charge of the Engineer Maintenance of Way, reporting to the Manager on the various matters under his jurisdiction. Will be assisted by a Supervisor of Track, and a Supervisor of Signals. 366 Will be responsible to the Manager for the nesponsi safe, efficient and economical construction and main- tenance of all of the work under his charge. 367 Work in close harmony with the Super- Superintendent. intendent. 368 Be thoroughly conversant with all special Circulars circulars issued from the general office for his guidance, and promptly communicate to his subordinates all general instructions issued by the manager. Supervisor of Track 369 Reports to the Engineer Maintenance of General Way, and is responsible for the safe condition and proper maintenance of all tunnels, bridges, trestles, culverts, retaining-walls, turn-tables, buildings, platforms, track-scales, coaling stations, road-bed, main and side-tracks, sea-walls, and any other structures affecting the tracks. See that proper slopes and ditches are preserved; that culverts and drains are kept open, that everything liable to obstruct any track is removed, and take all necessary measures to prevent accident or delay to trains. 110 370 He will be assistedby the necessary foremen, laborers, extra gangs, wrecking gangs, watchmen, masons, carpenters, tinsmiths, painters, bridgemen, drawbridge operators, and such additional forces as may be assigned to him for special work. He will see that equipment under his charge is always ready for service. 371 See that all track repairs are performed systematically, starting on one end of each section and working continuously towards the other so that each day's work will show definite progress. 372 Be conversant with standard plans, specifications and rules. 373 Acquaint yourself fully with the use of signals, see that they are understood by your subordinates, and see that proper stop and slow signals are displayed when construction or repair work is being done. 374 See that economy is exercised in the use of labor, tools, and material. Employ such workmen as may be necessary, subject to the approval of your superior officer, and see that all employees are provided with the necessary tools, that they have under them assistants and laborers who are punc:ual and faithful in the discharge of their duties, and that their force is organized so as to give the most effective service. See that the actual time worked, occupations, and rates of the men are correctly stated on the pay rolls, and that no tools or material are sold or loaned unless authorized in writing by the Engineer Main 111 tenance of Way. See that all materials are correct as represented on bills, and suitable for the purposes reluired, and that bills are checked and promptly returned to the proper officer. In case material is not in accordance with specifications, make report, showing discrepancies and hold until instructions are received. See that every employee who is relieved, properly accounts for or returns all passes, keys, blanks, badges, tools or material which have been in his charge. See that all work under your charge is performed in a neat and substantial manner. 375 During the last three months of each year nnual make a personal examination of every structure under nspection' your charge, and make reports on the proper blanks to be transmitted to the Engineer Maintenance of Way not later than December 3Ist of each year. 376 On the last day of each of the remainingQuarterly inspection. three quarters of the year, reports based upon an examination of each structure shall be rendered to the Engineer Maintenance of Way, noting any modification of the aforesaid annual report. 377 See that the following items are given par-Details of ticular attention during the inspection of all structuresnspecon under your charge. 378 In cases requiring urgent attention, reporturgent the facts to the Engineer Maintenance of Way, and repairs. take immediate precautions to prevent accident. 379 Examine each retaining-wall, culvert, pier, Masonry and abutment or other masonry structures, to discover foundation. 112 undermining, scouring, bulging, cracking, settlement or other indication of failure. Bridge-seats. 380 See that bridge-seats are level, firmly bedded and free from cracks or evidence of crushing. See that bridge-seats and roller nests are kept clean and free from rubbish and cinders. Bed-plates. 381 Bed-plates should be level, and in proper position, and have uniform bearing. Rollers. 382 Rollers should move freely, with their axes at right angles to the line of the bridge. Sole- 383 Sole-plates and pedestals should be free from plates and pedestals. flaws and cracks, and should be firmly attached to the main members. Posts. 384 Posts of viaducts and those supporting girders or trusses should be free from bends or bulges, and all joints should bear firmly and closely against each other. Main trusses. 385 Main trusses should have the tension-members (eye-bars, rods and bottom chords), free from slackness and in perfect adjustment, so that they will be equally strained per square inch in any one panel. Compression members (top-chords and posts) should be straight, free from bulges or bends, with joints bearing firmly and closely against each other. Counter-rods should never be loose nor very tight, but should be adjusted while there is no load on the bridge, so that they will be taut, and no more. Girders. 386 Girders should be stiff, free from undue deflection or lateral motion. 113 387 Lateral system (sway-bracing and lateral-L. ater,' bracing) of trusses, girders and viaducts should be in proper adjustment, tight and not overstrained. 388 Solid trough and rail floors should be ex-Trough and rail noors. amined with a view to the discovery of corrosion. 389 Shelf-angles supporting ties on through plate Shelf-angles. girders should be closely examined for loose, missing or defective rivets, and especial attention should be given to the condition of the ends of the wooden ties bearing on the angles. 390 Floor-beams and stringers should be closely Floor-beam and stringer and frequently examined for any cracking of connec- connetions. tion angles, the presence of loose, defective or missing rivets or for shearing and crushing of webs and flanges at all points of connection with each other, and where the floor-beams connect with hangers or posts. 391 Floor-beams and stringers, and the top- Floorbeams and chords of trusses that support directly the tie-floorstringers, should be free from undue deflection or lateral motion. etc. 392 Pins should be carefully inspected for evi-Pins. dence of bending, wear or loose nuts. 393 Rivets in all connections should be tapped Rivets. with a hammer at least once a year to detect loose rivets, and any that cannot be tightened at once should be spotted with white paint, and their numbers and location reported. Any missing rivets should be replaced and reported at once. 394 Hangers supporting floor-beams require the Hangers. closest attention. Where they consist of round or 8 114 square iron their bearing around the pins should always be equal and uniform over half the circumference of the latter, and they should be critically inspected at the semi-circle for flaws or fractures. The nuts on the ends of hangers should never be loose, and should have jamb-nuts to prevent their movement under the jar of trains. Plate hangers should be closely examined for loose rivets, and for any indication of cracking or shearing. Castings. 395 Castings should be frequently examined with great care for the discovery of cracks, breaks or flaws, and any such discovered should at once be reported. Particular attention should be given to cast connections at junction of posts with top and bottom chords of trusses. Drainage. 396 Drain-holes should be drilled in any member that permits the collection of water, and all existing drain-holes should be frequently cleaned. Painting. 397 All iron bridges should be thoroughly covered with paint so as to prevent corrosion. No paint shall be applied on outside surfaces in wet or freezing weather, nor shall any surfaces be painted until they are cleaned and dried, or until the previous coating is thoroughly dry. Surfaces covered with rust, grease, dirt or other foreign substances shall be thoroughly cleaned by wire brushes, scraping or other suitable method. On old iron work, if the original paint is in fair condition, one coat of Formula "F" will suffice, after first touching up spots; but when the paint is in poor condition, thoroughly clean the structure and apply a 115 priming coat of Formula " E " (Pure Red Lead and Linseed Oil) and two coats of Formula "F" (N.Y. C. Asphaltum Varnish). The dates of erection and painting of bridges shall be plainly indicated on all structures. 398 All bents of trestles should stand perfectly Bents. plumb, and should be free from settlement or lateral motion under traffic. The foundations under trestles should be frequently examined for evidence of undermining or scouring. All sills resting on blocking shall be kept free from dirt. 399 Provide barrels, with floating lids and buck- Barrels, ets, constantly filled with water, at each end of all wooden bridges and short trestles, and at suitable intervals on long trestles. 400 Ties and guard-timbers on all bridges should Ties and guardbe maintained in sound condition, and any missing imbers. floor bolts should immediately be replaced. 401 The rails of the main track on bridges should Spiking. be spiked at every other tie. Spikes must not be driven in angle bar slots on bridges. 402 On all bridges exceeding 20 feet in clearGuardrail. span there should be an inside rail guard, as shown on standard plans. 403 During the inspection of bridges and trestles, General pay particular attention to the action of the structures, or a part thereof, under passing trains. Excessive deflection, swaying, twisting, or rattling of parts is sure evidence that attention is needed, and the facts should 116 be reported at once. Unusual deflections should be instrumentally measured. Corrosion. 404 All overhead bridges subject to the destructive influence of locomotive gases should be frequently examined, and all parts badly deteriorated should be immediately reported for the necessary strengthening or replacing. membersc 405 Look carefully for any members of any part of any structure that may be defective, and any other items not herein specified affecting the safety of the structures. Use of labor. 406 Use ordinary labor wherever possible for handling material, excavating for foundations, scraping bridges, concreting, etc. Founda- 407 See that no structure is started until the tions, new work. foundations have been, by him personally, carefully examined and approved. The bottom of all footingcourses shall extend below frost line, and shall be of sufficient depth to insure an unyielding and solid foundation, thoroughly protected from all danger of scour and undermining, and where necessary piling shall be used. Excavations. 408 Excavations shall be made as carefully as possible with the use of any necessary shoring or sheet-piling, so as to least affect the neighboring structures or track, and so as not to cause any danger of slides. Drawbridge 409 Make a personal examination of the Harlem inspection and main- River Drawbridge at least every 30 days, and examine tenance. the bridge while in operation to see that all parts, 117 such as wedges, latches, lifts, gearing, etc., are working properly and are being well and efficiently maintained. 410 See that the operators in charge of the bridges are properly qualified for their work and understand the operation of the various parts of the machinery. Where bridges are operated both day and night, it should be distinctly understood by all concerned that the day operator is in charge of the bridge, and will be held responsible for proper daily maintenance and reports of defects or breakages. 411 See that the machinery and engine houses are maintained in a neat and clean condition, that all waste is kept in a can provided for the purpose, and that there is no grease, oil or dirt accumulation which may cause fire or deteriorate the structure. 412 Carefully watch all portions of structuresHidden hidden from view and not convenient for ready in-defects. spection, such as under-supports of platforms and buildings, truss-rods and other members subject to corrosive action of locomotive gases, engine house smoke-jacks, roof cornices, water-tank hoops, etc. Frequently examine platforms used by passengers or employees and repair quickly any defects that might cause injury. See that shop roof trusses are not overloaded with shafting. 413 All buildings shall be neatly painted and Maintenance properly maintained, especially those used by the buiig. public. Small defects, such as broken glass, broken 118 locks, broken bolts, broken woodwork, etc., shall receive quick attention so as not to invite criticism. Water closet facilities shall be maintained in good order so that the Agent will have no excuse for not keeping them neat and clean. Station 414 Platforms to all stations shall be inclosed atforms. beneath by vertical slats to prevent the deposit of scrap iron, paper, rubbish, etc. Coal boxes. 416 Unsightly coal boxes around signal towers and stations are especially undesirable and, where necessary, should be placed in the rear of buildings out of view. Time to 416 All exterior painting must be started as early as possible in the Spring for completion before the beginning of Summer travel. During the Winter months attention can be given to the interiors of stations. No paint shall be applied to outside surfaces in wet or freezing weather, nor shall any surfaces be painted until they are cleaned and dried, or until the previous coating is thoroughly dried. Filling 417 Should woodwork be old and very dry and pores. porous, first apply a coat of pure linseed-oil to fill the pores and prevent chalking. Kind of 418 For buildings Formula "C" will be used for depot paint. the body color, and Formula " D" for the trimming color, except that where shingles are used Green Stain will be substituted for the paint. One coat will usually be sufficient for re-painting buildings, but where necessary two coats or more will be used. Three coats shall be used for all new work. 119 419 Buildings in the Motive Power Department Buildings in Motive subjected to the constant effect of locomotive gases Power and smoke shall be painted lead color, Formula " Q." Department. The interior of Motive Power buildings not used for office purposes shall be whitewashed at least once a year, and oftener if necessary for keeping the interior fresh, neat and clean. Smoke-jacks shall be properly maintained and broken lights of glass shall be promptly replaced. 420 Before buildings are repainted all minor re- Minor pairs shall be made. repairs. 421 The dates of erection and painting of allDates, painting. buildings, including the designation of the paint used, shall be plainly indicated on the structures. 422 See that all signs are neatly painted as di-signs. rected by the Engineer Maintenance of Way. 423 Monthly examinations and tests shall be made Scales. of all track-scales. 424 Frequent examinations shall be made of allWater station exwater stations, and prompt repairs shall be made where aminations. necessary to tanks, water columns, etc. 425 The following rules shall be observed in the Buildings location and construction of buildings and platforms: forms, location and con425-a Except in the case of special concrete plat- struction. forms the tops of all low platforms adjacent to main track shall not be higher than the top of the rail. 425-b The top of all special concrete or wooden platforms, at stations where that style of construction is approved by the Engineer Maintenance of.Way, 120 shall be I2 inches above the base of the rail, with the edge thereof 5 feet 3 inches from and parallel to the center line of the track. 425-c The tops of all freight platforms on side tracks, for general use, should be four feet above the top of the rail on the side track (conforming to the grade of the track) and the edge of the platform 5 feet 6 inches from the center of the track. 425-d No building shall be located nearer than seven feet six inches in the clear from the center of the main track, nor nearer than seven feet in the clear from the center of any side-track. 426-e Buildings, wherever practicable, should be located on the outside of curves, and far enough from road crossings to avoid obstructing the view either of trainmen or travelers on the highway or street. Buildings 426 See that structures belonging to outsiders, belonging to outsiders.located upon the property of the Railroad Company, are maintained in a neat and safe manner, and painted so that they will at all times present a good appearance. Report of 427 Carefully observe, for insurance purposes, fire losses. instructions regarding reports of fire losses and proper valuations on structures. tionnel 428 Personally examine at least once a month inspection. Park Avenue Tunnel. A tunnel inspection car shall be run through this tunnel once a month for the purpose of making careful sledge and bar tests to detect loose and fragmentary portions of roof and sides. See that neighboring owners do not commit acts endangering 121 the safety of the Railroad, and that particular care is taken by trackmen to keep signal pipe, wires, and other signal apparatus free from all obstructions. 429 Personally see that all section foremen and Rules. other foremen are thoroughly acquainted with all special circulars and instructions, and with the rules herein contained applicable to their duties. 430 See that all signs and switch-targets are main- signs and tained in proper condition, and are freshly painted argets' twice each year, viz., April ist and October ist. 431 Particular attention will be paid to the polic- Policing. ing and cleanliness of the right-of-way and property of the company. 432 In cases of accidents or wrecks orother deten- Wrecks. tions of trains, you will go promptly to the spot, taking all necessary tools and a force of laborers sufficient for the emergency, and do all in your power to clear the track and facilitate the movement of trains. Promptly send a telegraphic report to the Manager and Engineer Maintenance of Way, stating briefly the cause and extent of damage and detention of trains. 433 See that the wrecking equipment is at allwrecking equipment. times in accordance with standard requirements, inqp first-class condition, and always ready for use. Also have your wrecking force so organized that it will be ready to leave headquarters not later than 40 minutes after the receipt of notice from the operator. Promptly and thoroughly clean up all debris from the wreck so that the public will not receive impressions that wrecks are common occurrences. 122 Maintenance 434 Maintenance of way equipment, including of way equipment wrecking equipment, shall be maintained in proper and time of wrecking. condition, ready at all times for emergencies. The heavy running equipment should be frequently tested to see that the journals are in good shape, so that they will not run hot. The steam crane should at all times be equipped with the necessary fuel and appliances for service on short notice. Snow storms 435 Be fully preparedforhandlingsnow stormsand and washouts. washouts, and will observe the following instructions: 435-a Every man in the employ of the Maintenance of Way Department should have a duty assigned to him in connection with fighting snow, and he shall know what will be expected in severe storms. 435-b Keep in touch with the Train Dispatchers to learn the conditions at various points on the division, so that at the first sign of trouble forces will be organized. 435-c Prepare to fight snow upon the first sign of trouble. 435-d Detail sufficient men during the night and day to pay particular attention to switches (luring snow storms, as this is the place where trouble is first experienced. 435-e During long continued storms men will be worked in relays, so that one gang can be resting while the other is working. 435-f Make ample arrangements for feeding the men with coffee and sandwiches during bad storms, so that they can work to their full efficiency. 123 435-g Increase the force for fighting snow on advice from the Engineer Maintenance of Way, except in cases of emergency, when you can use your own judgment without waiting for advice. Such course, however, is to l)e promptly reported. 435-h The regular rates of wages will always be paid for this class of service, unless additional rates are advisable to obtain men, in which case the facts should be reported to the Engineer Maintenance of Way. 436 Earnestly endeavor to improve the line and Line and surface. surface of all tracks, especially main tracks, and see that every measure is taken to insure their smooth riding qualities and safety. 437 The track on bridges and approaches must Track on bridges. always be kept in good line and surface. bridges. 438 Personally see that no ties are removed from Ties good the track that are good for one year's additional ser- for on year. vice. 439 Personally examine ties in track prior to Tie renewals. October ist each year, and prepare the annual statement of quantities required for ensuing season. 440 See that all bridge-seats are maintained free Bridge-seats. from all dirt and debris, and that the approaches to all bridges are in proper condition. 441 See that no obstructions are maintained onsideobstruceither side of the main track within seven feet six inches from the center thereof, that ties, lumber and other material are not piled within eight feet of the 124 nearest rail, and that all material taken out of bridges is gathered and neatly piled at a distance. Contractors. 442 Keep watch over all work done by contractors or others on his division, and see that they do not obstruct the track or bridges to the danger of passing trains. Station- 443 See that snow is promptly removed from the tracks and from around station-grounds and other buildings used by the public. Highways. 444 See that particular attention is paid to the clearing of obstructions in the neighborhood of highway crossings that would obscure from the public a clear view of approaching trains. Bridge 445 See that the Section Foremen keep bridge warnings. Overhead warnings in a proper state of repair and at the proper wires. height, and that overhead wires are preserved at sufficient heights-at least twenty-five (25) feet above top of rail-to prevent accident to trainmen. Material. 446 Use proper judgment in ordering only such materials as are best suited for the purpose for which they are to be used, and in the proper quantities for prompt consumption. Inspection. 447 Walk over a portion of the division daily, and pass over all of it on foot at least once a month. Spend most of the time-on the road, and see that the section foremen and their men fully understand and perform their duties. Alignment 448 Personally observe the alignment and elevaand elevation. tion of curves, and instruct section foremen about the proper elevation for every curve on the division. 125 449 Frequently examine track-gauges and levels Track levels and see that they are in accordance with the standard furnished by the Engineer Maintenance of Way. 450 Closely watch all rolling-stock on the divi-Worn tires and flat sion and promptly report any locomotives or cars wheels. whose tires are worn over one-fourth inch in depth, or that have flat wheels. 451 Long stringers and other emergency material Emergency shall always be kept easily available at headquarters for prompt use in case of washouts or other accidents. 452 See that no encroachments are made on the Encroachments. property of the Railroad Company, except when properly authorized by lease or agreement, and prevent any railroad, telegraph, telephone, or power transmission line from crossing, at grade, under or over the tracks of this Company, without due authority. 453 New yards and new side-tracks shall not be Yard and side-tracks. turned over to the use of the Operating Department until they are ballasted and ready for permanent use. Section, Work Train and Extra Gang Foremen. 454 Section, work train and extra gang foremen General will report to and receive their orders from the Supervisor of Track, and under his direction will have charge of the labor necessary for the maintenance of the roadbed and track. 455 Will be assisted by the necessary section laborers, watchmen and such additional forces as may 126 be assigned to them for special work. Engage personally in your work, except where large gangs are employed, when your entire time may be required for supervision. Examina- 456 Pass examination required as to: tion. Character, habits and record of previous service. Knowledge of Time-table, rules and regulations. Also for color perception, strength of vision and hearing. 457 Upon the approach of a train move out of the way promptly, removing tools to a safe distance from the track. Take special care, under all conditions, to guard against personal injury to employees. Drainage. 458 Good drainage is most essential, and the farther water is removed from the track and the sooner it can be diverted from the roadbed the more stable will become the track. Ditches. 469 All ditches should, at all times, be in good condition, and they must be in accordance with standard plan. They should be generally parallel with the track, except at inlets and outlets, where they should diverge from the roadbed so as not to injure the embankments. They must be of the necessary size to pass all water freely during the heaviest rains. Dirt on sides 460 All earth from ditches or elsewhere must be of cuts. deposited over the sides of adjacent embankments, immediately leveled off, and under no circumstances shall it be thrown on the sides of cuts. 127 461 Ditches in cuts should always be below the Ditchesdeep bottom of the old ballast. enough. 462 During heavy wind and rain Storms and track storms, abrupt changes in temperature, walking. when there is an excessive number of broken rails, or where some special operating service is to be performed, day or night, great precaution must be taken to prevent accidents. Section Foremen must be out with a sufficient force of men, all supplied with proper signals, tools and instructions, to insure the safety of trains. 463 When possible, grade-stakes for the eleva-Grade-stakes. tion of the top of the rail and for alignment will be given by the Supervisor of Track. 464 Trackmen must under no circumstances Tracks under bridges and raise the surface of the track in tunnels or under over- tunnels. head structures unless under special orders from the Supervisor of Track; nor shall they raise the grade by blocking up under iron bridges without special instructions from the Engineer Maintenance of Way, to be transmitted through the Supervisor. 465 Ties shall be located as shown in the plan of Number of standard track. Eighteen ties per 3o-foot rail andties 20 ties per 33-foot rail will be used in main passenger tracks; x6 ties per 3o-foot rail and i8 ties per 33-foot rail will be used on other main tracks. Running side-tracks will be laid with i6 ties per 30-foot rail, and storage tracks with 14 ties per 30-foot rail. 128 Renewal or 466 Care shall be taken to avoid renewing ties ties. to a face. Except in special instances the maximum should be about three ties per rail length, and when this number is exceeded the Supervisor will personally look into the case to see that judgment has been used. The average number of tie renewals per year should not exceed two ties per rail length, and some of the lines will not require more than an average of one tie per rail length. Joint ties. 467 Tle largest and best ties will be selected for the joints. All ties will be laid at right angles to the tracks, and none shall be placed obliquely to suit irregular joints. Ends of ties. 468 The ends of all cross-ties will be laid to a line on the south and west sides of the track. On double tracks the ties will be lined on the outside of both tracks, regardless of curves. Length ties. 469 All new ties furnished should not vary more than one inch from eight feet in length; any furnished less than seven feet eleven inches long should be rejected; and any exceeding eight feet one inch long should be sawed off to the proper length. In such cases the Supervisor of Track should be given a list of the ties that do not conform with the specifications. Handling 470 Cross-ties shall not be damaged by sticking and laying ties. picks in them, or by using hammers in spacing, and should never be notched, but, if necessary, may be adzed to obtain a true and uniform bearing for the base of rail. Heart side of ties should always be turned down. 129 471 Tie-plugs should always be kept on hand and Tie plugs. taken out each day with the gang. The invariable rule must be to plug every hole wherever a spike is drawn. 472 When track heaves the ties shall not be shims. adzed, but shims shall be used to bring the track to proper surface. For shims more than one inch in thickness holes must be bored in them, and spikes of extra length and braces shall be used. 473 Remove shims from track as early as possible Removal of in the spring, and always before surfacing or ballasting. shms. 474 All ties removed from the track must be oldties. gathered up at the close of each day and placed in a safe and convenient place for loading on cars. Old ties will be separated into two classes, (i) those fit for use in sidings, and (2) those unfit for one year's additional service-to be burned or otherwise disposed of. No ties shall be condemned as unfit for further use until they have been examined by the Supervisor of Track. Old ties removed from the track unfit for one year's additional service will be given to the section foremen and sectionmen for firewood purposes, free of charge, not to exceed 200 per annum for each employe. The remaining old ties will either be sold by the Railroad Company or burned. 475 New ties must not be scattered along thePiling new road, but if not ready for immediate use shall beti"" stacked in piles of fifty each according to standard plan. 476 All rail for laying in main line tracks, Unloading whether new or second-hand, shall not be thrown off'' 9 130 of the cars roughly, but shall be unloaded with a derrick or other special method approved by the Engineer Maintenance of Way to prevent injury. All new rails must be unloaded in the same consecutive order as the rolling mill invoices and laid with brand on outside of track. Laying rails. 477 All rails must be laid in accordance with the standard plan; the joints must be "broken," care being taken to have them within two inches of the center of the opposite rail; all joints and fastenings must have the full number of bolts; nuts must be screwed up tight with the nut on the inside, except on rails of seventy pounds per yard or less, when they shall be placed on the outside. Switch points for making temporary connections between old and new rail shall always be of the same section as the higher rail, to prevent the false flange on worn tires from causing spread track. Second-class 478 Second-class rail shall be reserved for use in rails. switch leads or yards. Loosening 479 In order to prevent undue stresses in rails due bolts. to contraction in winter and expansion in summer, all nuts shall be loosened and then retightened during a warm day in the spring and during a cold day in the fall. This action permits the rail to adjust itself to the season's temperature. At all other times the bolts must be kept tight. 480 During hot weather tracks shall be carefully watched to detect any tendency of the rails to expand and throw the track out of line. Only a minimum 131 amount of track should be left empty at any time, and when in this condition the bolts should be slack. 481 Rails shall be spiked on the inside and outside of each tie, care being taken that the spikes are driven perpendicularly, and that they do not lean inward nor outward. Spikes must be driven not less than two inches from the edge of the tie, and the outside spikes must be opposite each other, and the inside spikes must be opposite each other. 482 Spikes must not be driven in angle-bar slots on bridges. 483 When it is necessary to make bolt-holes in the rails a drill must be used. 484 Rails less than fourteen feet in length will not be allowed in the main track, and when it is necessary to use short lengths they will be placed on tangents or on the inside of curves. 485 Important rail renewals will be done under the direct supervision of the Supervisor of Track. 486. Special lengths of rails will be furnished for adjusting lengths of curves so as to prevent joints from running ahead of their proper positions. 132 487 Rails on curves of three degrees and over shall be curved in accordance with the following table: Middle Ordinates in Inches for Curving Rails. CHORD LENGTHS IN FEET. 5 6 7 8 9 (Ordinates at the quarters are 34 of Middle-Ordinates.) 133 488 Iron shims for separating joints must always Expansion at be used for laying track; wooden shims will notJoi answer, and must not be used. The proper thickness of shims for thirty and thirty-three feet rails are as follows: At ioo degrees Fahr. temperature, --- in. " 60 '" " " 1 8 60 3 -' 40 ~i 20 " (< - 20 - 16 Zero " " " 8 '" When the temperature falls below zero Fahr. no rails shall be laid without instructions from the Engineer Maintenance of Way. Each foreman laying new rail shall provide himself with a thermometer. 489 Rails adjoining others of a different height step-chairs must have a step-chair to bring the tops of the rails misesppi s. to the same level, and they shall be connected with compromise splices. 490 In taking up rails which are to be relaid in Relaying main tracks, the following instructions should berails' strictly observed so that the rails may be relaid in the same order in which they were removed. 490-a The cars on which the rails are loaded should be marked A, B, C, etc., until the alphabet is exhausted, then AA, AB, AC, etc., then BA, BC, BD, etc. 490-b The rails as loaded should be marked with paint on the West end of each rail as follows: the South rail even numbers, 2, 4, 6, 8, 1o, 12, I4, etc. 134 The North rail odd numbers, I, 3, 5, 7, 9, II, 13, etc. The numbers may be repeated for each car. 490-c Each car should have a card securely fastened thereon, giving its alphabetical designation, and the number of rails contained. For instance, N. Y. C. I5732, A-40 rails odd, A-4o " even. 490-d Care should be taken to forward the cars in their correct order so as to reduce the switching at the point of destination. 490-e A notice should be sent to consignee each day giving car numbers, designations (A, B, etc.) and the number of rails-odd or even-on each car. 490-f The consignee will sort the cars, unload and lay the rail in exactly the same order as taken up. Braces on 491 Curves of three degrees or over must be braced on both inside and outside rails, unless tieplates are used. Braces must be placed opposite each other on the same tie. Curves of from three to six degrees must have four braces to each 30-foot rail. Curves of six degrees and over shall have six braces to each 3o-foot rail. tie-plates. 492 Tie-plates on new ties shall be driven home with the aid of a special steel plate and sledge before the ties are placed in the track, care being taken to locate the tie-plates so that the track will be spiked to correct gauge. All ties shall be carefully adzed before plates are applied. 135 493 Broken rail in track will be reported at once Broken rails. to the Supervisor of Track on the proper blanks. 494 When new rail is being laid and surfaced it Lining and laying new must be perfectly lined according to stakes set by the rails. Supervisor of Track, as no imperfection in alignment will be permitted. Joint and intermediate ties shall be respaced to conform with standard plan. 495 On tangents and curves of six degrees and Gauge. under the track should be laid and maintained to exact standard gauge, 4 feet 82 inches. On curves over six degrees widen gauge by use of iron shims according to the following table: 6 degrees to o1 degrees, 3 inch. io degrees to 14 degrees, X inch. 14 degrees to i8 degrees, Y4 inch. i8 degrees and over, i inch. 496 During October and November of each year Inspection track gauges shall be sent to the Supervisor of Track 9guges for comparison with the division standard gauge, and all gauges so tested will be painted a new color each year to indicate that they have been inspected. 497 Use particular care to gauge correctly atGaugingat joirits, especially where the anglebar projection isjoints. liable to catch the lug of the gauge. 498 During the winter months test the gauge of inter all tracks, and respike the rails where necessary togauging. obtain correct gauge. 499 On all tangents the track must be perfectly Level board. level tranversely, except as provided in Rule 503, and 136 great care must be exercised by foremen in the use and adjustment of track level. During the month of December each year track levels shall be sent to the Supervisor of Track for adjustment and painting of the same color as tested track gauges. Elevation on 600 Consult the Supervisor of Track regarding curves. each curve on your section, and obtain from him the proper elevation, according to the speed of trains. Method of 601 To determine the degree of a curve stretch ascertaining degree of a sixty-two foot line with a small knot at the center rv (which will be 31 feet from either end) on the running side of a well-lined portion of a curve. Measure the distance from the knot to the running side of the rail, and every inch of this distance indicates one degree of curvature. Re-lining 502 To re-line curves in the absence of centrestakes stretch the string straight on the running side of the rail with one end at the beginning of the curve, and measure the distance from the knot to the running side of rail. Repeat this operation for the entire length of the curve, and divide the sum of these measurements by the total number taken. The result will be the average measurement which should be used in re-lining the curve. Elevating 503 "Simple" curves should have full elevation curves. at the point of curve, and the same elevation should be used uniformly for the entire length of the curve. For elevations of 3 inches and under the rate of the runoff on the tangents should be 1 inch per rail length of 30 feet. For elevations over 3 inches the run-offshould not exceed I2 rail lengths or 360 feet. 137 Compound curves should have the elevation increased or decreased on each section of the curve corresponding to the change in degree. The change in elevation should be distributed one-half on each section. The run-off on transition or easement curves should be made on the easement. As a practical rule, the following rates of elevation will meet usual conditions: 603-a Main Passenger Tracks: Curves under 2 degrees the elevation should be twice the middle ordinate of a 62 foot string. Curves 2 degrees and over add 2 inches to the middle ordinate of a 62 foot string. 603-b Main Freight Tracks: Three-fourths the middle ordinate of a 62 foot string. 603-c Combination Tracks: Middle ordinate of a 62 foot string. 603-d Side Tracks: No elevation. Maximum elevation 8 inches. This rule should be modified to meet special conditions. 138 Table for 604 The following table will be a guide to the study elevating curves. of special conditions, and gives the amounts of elevation for each degree of curvature for various speeds: Degrees of Curve. 20 I i in. 2 go 3 " 3 i " 4 I " 5 I " 6 i " 7 2 8 2 L" 9 2 " IO 2' " II 1 3 12 3A 13 3 " I4 3 " 15 41 " i6 4 4" Speed in miles per hour. 30 40 50 in. in. i in. i. I" 2 " 34 " I" 3*" 5" 32" 4a" 64" 3 " 5 " 3~ " 68 4i " 74 5 " 8 54 " 61" 61" 78 8 6o 24 in. 5 " 7i " Switches 605 All switches and frogs must be laid in accordand 'rcogs. ance with standard plans; they must be kept well lined and in good surface. Care shall be taken in laying new switches to see that the switch point is placed at the heights shown on the standard plan so as to prevent the back of wheels from turning over the stock rail. Daily inspec- 506 Foremen and track walkers must give careful tion switches and frogs. daily attention to switches and see that they work easily and with no lost motion; that all bolts and nuts are tight and that they are otherwise in safe condition. When cotter or keeper pins are not used in connection with 139 rod bolts, the bolts must be nicked with a chisel to pre- Snow and vent turning of nuts.. 607 During cold weather ice and snow must l)e removed from frogs and switches, station )latforims, flangeways at crossings, and track scales. Ice must be removed from the roof, sides and bottoms of tunnels. Undue quantities of snow and ice, including icicles on roofs of buildings, must be removed. 608 Pass over your section at least once every Trak other day, and see that it is walked and examined every walkin morning by the track-walker, to see that everything affecting traffic is safe. See that all gates to private crossings are kept closed when not in use, that cars standing on sidings properly clear the main track, and that derailing switches are properly set. The track-walker must report at once any defects he cannot repair. 609 Section foremen are responsible for the proper Bridge maintenance of bridge warnings, and will promptly re- warning' place any portion of the " ticklers " that may be missing or misplaced. See that the proper height is maintained from the top of rail to the bottom of ticklers. 510 Policing is most essential in order to give the Policing. roadbed and surroundings a neat and clean appearance. Station surroundings must. be kept clean and in good order. Telegraph lines, owned by the company, mileposts, whistle-boards, bridge-boards and other standard signs, must be kept in good order, and trees near wires owned by the company should be kept trimmed to prevent the branches from touching the lines during storms or high winds. 140 Old material. 511 All old material, such as old ties, rails, splices, material dropped from cars, etc., must be picked up and carefully piled at proper points; no litter nor refuse of any kind will be permitted on the right of way of the company. Station grounds and all places frequented by employes or the public must be kept free from obstructions over which persons may trip or fall. 612 All refuse and dirt in the Park Avenue tunnel must be placed in neat piles; under street bridges between tracks 2 and 3. 513 Dirt material or snow must not be placed so as to obstruct the view of signals. Right of 514 Acquaint yourselves with the boundary way. lines of the company's right of way, and under no circumstances allow any encroachment thereon by outside parties, except by permission of proper officers. Grass, brush 515 Weeds, trees and underbrush, grass, etc., and weeds. must be kept close to the ground, and cleared away from bridges and trestles, mile and sign-posts, and other perishable material and structures, so that the dry vegetation will not allow fire to communicate to them. Time to cut 516 Clear right or way from grass, weeds and grass. brush between i5th and 25th days of June and between the 5th and 25th days of August each year. Watchmen. 517 See that watchmen are properly detailed to watch bridges, to patrol unsafe or imperfect track, or to perform other duties guarding the safety of the track and structures, and frequently visit these men at such intervals, day or night, to determine whether 141 their duties are being faithfully performed. Any watchman unfaithful to his duty shall be immediately discharged by the foreman. 518 Promptly report in writing to the Supervisor observing of Track any failure of trainmen to respect your signal, Sna giving the number of train and engine. 619 In case of accident to a train, the nearest Accidents. section foreman will take his entire force to the assistance of the train. If notified of a broken rail he will at once make the necessary repairs. 520 When assisting a train delayed by accident, Directions during act under the directions of the conductor until the ar-accidents. rival of the Supervisor of Track or wrecking foreman. 621 In cases of wreck, you must at once appoint Watchmen at wrecks. watchmen to look after the company's property, who will remain on duty until the goods are removed. 522 In case of accident to trains or roadbed, or Reports. injury of any kind, no matter how trivial, to anyone in their employ, foremen must immediately make a report by wire to the Supervisor of Track, and shall follow up this report as soon possible with a written report. 523 If from any cause there is an accident, orTelegraph the track becomes obstructed, and the section foreman reports. cannot promptly repair the damage, the Supervisor of Track and Superintendent or Train Master must be advised by wire immediately. 524 All highway and farm crossings must be kept Highways in the best possible repair, frend ffrom all obstructions to rmoss in the best possible repair, free from all obstructions to crossings' 142 vision or travel. Hand or push-cars must not be left unnecessarily on crossings. Farmn-crossing gates must be promptly repaired when out of order, and must be kept closed when not in actual use. Crossing 525 All crossings must be kept in accordance planks. with standard plan. Defective or loose crossing plank must be promptly fastened or renewed. Care must be taken to see that crossing planks are not heaved up so as to project above the top of the rails. Sidings. 526 All company sidings must be maintained in as good order as practicable, especially adjacent to main tracks. The owners of private sidings must be required to keep their sidings in a safe condition for use at all times. If they fail to do so the switch must be spiked and the Supervisor promptly notified. Side ob- 527 Be careful that wood, cross-ties, lumber or structions. other material is not piled closer than eight feet from the rail of the main track, and five feet from the rail of sidings. Signal or telegraph poles must not be placed nearer to the rail than eight feet, and telegraph poles, where possible, will be placed near the right of way line. Also notice that cars on sidings give the proper clearance. Frequently examine foundations of buildings, etc., lumber or log piles or similar structures which are close to the tracks, whether the same are owned by this company or by private parties, and whether the same are located on this company's property or on private land, and report to the Supervisor of Track any that show signs of weakness, so 143 that proper steps may be taken to make repairs before the tracks are obstructed. 528 During extremely cold weather, when water- waterstations are likely to freeze, foremen, if called upon statlons by the Supervisor of Track, will send a man to the station, who will keep it in such condition that engines can take water at all times. 529 Jacks must never be placed on the inside of acks. the rail. \When raised they should immediately be placed in tripping position. They must always be in the hands of experienced men. 530 Hand and push-cars must not be allowed to Hand and stand on the track, and care must be taken to have pushcars. them clear of passing trains. 531 When the car is not in sight of the foreman Protection it must be kept locked. Loaded push or hand-cars must not be run on the main track, except under the protection of a red flag as specified in paragraph 65. 532 Hand or push-cars must never be attached to use of cars. moving trains. Rails must not be carried on handcars, except in cases of emergency. Great care must be exercised in using hand-cars during foggy weather or after dark. Cars must not be run at night or on Sunday, except in cases of actual necessity, and never for personal use. Cars carrying men must not be coupled together, and must be run not less than 2000 feet apart. 533 Foremen must always accompany veloci- Foremen ac 1pedes or hand or push-cars. company pedes or hand or push-cars. cars. 144 Permits. 634 Only employes of the Railroad Company in the discharge of their duties will be permitted on the tracks of the company, on velocipedes, motor-cars, hand-cars or push-cars, unless special permits in writing are given by the Engineer Maintenance of Way or the Manager, after the necessary release has been signed. Trespass. 535 Bicyclists and other trespassers shall not be permitted on the right-of-way of the company. Unsafe cars. 636 Cars in unsafe condition must not be used, but the Supervisor of Track should be immediately notified of the fact. Use of 537 Proper judgment and caution must be exermaterial. cised against extravagant use of material, as you will be held strictly responsible for the same. Account for 638 Will be held strictly responsible for all mamaterial. terials, tools, etc., in your possession, and, when called upon to do so, must be able to account for everything in your charge. Protection 539 All material and tools must be kept locked in of material. section-houses wherever possible. Old spikes. 640 When spikes are drawn from the tracks they must be carefully removed, with a view to using them again. Old ties must never be thrown away with spikes left in them. Repairs to 541 Tools, hand-cars, etc., requiring repairs that tools. cannot be made by the foreman, must be properly tagged and sent to the company's repair shop. Each article so shipped must be plainly marked with the 145 name and address of the foreman to whom it is to be returned. 642 Each foreman may employ his own men, and Employing may suspend or discharge them for incompetency or insubordination. 543 The time book must be written up every Time books. night for the day just closed, the time of the foremen and men being kept for each kind of work performed, under the proper heading. Time books, together with the material reports of all tools and materials received and used during the month, must be forwarded by the foreman to the Supervisor of Track on the days directed. 544 Properly fill out all blanks as directed by the Blanks. Supervisor of Track. 645 All signal piping, wires, and other signal ap- Signal obparatus must be kept free from ballast, track material, crossing plank, and other obstructions that will interfere with the free working of signals. Where electric circuits are in use, all ballast, cinders, etc., must be kept from the base of rail. Fibre insulators, and end posts on insulating joints, must be renewed when necessary. Drawbridge Tenders. 646 Drawbridge tenders report to and receive instruction from the Supervisor, and will obey orders from the Superintendent concerning the movement of trains. I0 146 Examina. 647 Pass the examination required as to: tion. Character, habits, and records of previous service. Knowledge of Time-table, rules and regulations. Also, for color perception, strength of vision and hearing. 548 Be constantly at their posts, be provided with necessary signals and tools, and know that everything connected with the draw and signals is in working order. Appliances. 649 Know the time when each regular train should pass the point where they are stationed, notice all signals displayed for sections of trains, and keel) a vigilant watch for extras. Do not rely upon whistles or bells. Signals dis- 550 Should the signals become disarranged, arranged. station flagmen with hand signals at the location of the defective fixed signals, and know that trains are protected before opening the draw. Duty. 551 Display danger signals immediately if any switch is out of order, or there is any obstruction on the track endangering trains. Opening of 552 The draw must not be opened until the drawbridges, proper signals have been shown a sufficient length of time, and far enough in each direction to ensure the stoppage of an approaching train. Extra precautions must be taken whenever flags or lights cannot be distinctly seen. Danger signals must not be changed to safety until the draw is closed and locked. Statutelaws. 553 Be familiar with the statute laws with relation to drawbridges on railroads, and observe the special 147 rules relating to the drawbridge under your charge. Provide yourself with a copy of the current Timetable, and report any unusual delay to any train at your bridge, with an explanation of the cause. Keep a record of detentions to all vessels, showing name of vessel, date, length of delay, and cause, 554 Drawbridge Bell Code. 2 bells, unlock draw. 3 bells, closing draw. i bell, draw is closed ready to lock. 5 bells, unlock draw quickly. Above to be answered from tower by two bells. Bell code to be used from I26th Street tower to drawbridge for flagging trains by signal. Track No. 3 - 3 -. Signal No. II has failed. Section is clear, flag train by signal. Track No. 4 - 4. Signal No. 5 has failed. Section is clear, flag train by signal. Answer by bridgeman to towerman by 2 bells. Work-Train Conductors. 555 Conductors of work-trains will be under the General duties. immediate direction of the Supervisor of Track; must obey the orders of the Superintendent regarding the movement of their trains, shall faithfully observe all train rules and shall familiarize themselves with all kinds of work pertaining to the maintenance of track. 148 Reports. 556 Make all reports as directed, and at the close of each day send to the Supervisor of Track a written report of all delays to their trains during the day, owing to not having received orders promptly, or from any other cause, and also report the work accomplished during the day. Delays. 557 When a work-train is delayed take immediate steps to employ the time of the men. In such cases the force can be employed to good advantage in cleaning station grounds, ditching, ballasting, etc. Accidents. 558 In case of train accident, work-trains will give such assistance as may be called for by the Superintendent, and everything shall be done to facilitate the quick and safe movement of trains. Daily pro- 559 The duties of the work-train shall be gramme. arranged in advance, so as to require the least amount of lost time passing over the road. Supervisor of Signals. General 660 The Supervisor of Signals reports to the duties. Engineer Maintenance of Way, and is responsible for the proper installation, maintenance and safe condition of all block signals, interlocking plants, train order signals, drawbridge signals, distant switch and station signals, and such other appliances as may be assigned to him. Will have charge of Inspectors, ForemenPneumatic, Mechanical and Electrical RepairmenBatterymen, Helpers, Lampmen, Flagmen, Linemen, Carpenters, Painters, and others employed on signal work. 149 661 Personally instruct subordinates in proper Instruction methods of construction and maintenance with a view to efficiency and economy. 662 Give each man specific instructions as to the Fixed limits of responlimits of the work to which he is assigned. sibility. 663 Prepare plans and estimates for signaling, Plans and and submit them to the Engineer Maintenance of Way.estmaes 664 Do not make any change in the location of changes. signals or in the locking, or in the methods of operation without the written authority of the Engineer Maintenance of Way, who must first secure the approval of the Manager. 565 Make such examinations of all appliances Inspection. under your charge as to insure proper maintenance and adherence to standards. 666 Inspect and make detail daily reports on the condition of signal appliances on the district, or on any construction work to which you may be assigned. 567 Make frequent inspections to see that allProper dissignals are kept bright and in proper adjustment and,iasof focus, and the lights kept in good order. 668 During each quarter make a personal exam- Quarterly ination of all signal appliances under your charge, and inspections. on the last day of March, June, September and December render duplicate reports in detail on standard inspection blanks, to the Engineer Maintenance of Way. 669 Use special care in placing and sighting sig- Locating nals to see that they present a good view and have a sl9nals good background. 150 Plumb signal 570 See that all signal masts and pole lines are masts and pole line. kept plumb and that wire lines are neatly run. Neat sur- 571 See that the surroundings of all towers are roundings. kept neat and clean, and promptly report to the Engineer Maintenance of Way any cases where work should be done by men in other branches of the service in order to keep the property neat in the neighborhood of signal apparatus. Material 672 See that new material delivered out on the line is neatly piled, and the small parts are properly secured from theft; also see that all old material is promptly removed from view of main tracks. No litter or refuse of any kind will be permitted on the right of way. Responsi- 573 Keep a book record of all keys for signal apbility for keys. pliances issued, take a receipt for them and see that they are issued only to those whose duties require their use. Storms. 574 In case of storm see that enough men are kept on interlockings to prevent detentions to trains. Following 575 In case of failure of any signal apparatus, up ailures. personally investigate the trouble, see that it is promptly corrected, and immediately make report to the Engineer Maintenance of Way, giving the nature and cause of the trouble and the action taken to prevent repetition. Restoring 676 When any signal apparatus has been cut out apparatus in service. of service personally follow up the case to see that regular working is promptly restored. 151 677 Where the assistance of track forces are re- Assistance of track forces. quired application shall be made to the Supervisor of Track. 678 Keep a complete file of plans for each inter. rile of plans locking plant and block signal installation, or other signal device as follovs: Plan A. General arrangement of Signals giving distances, including the " clear view " of each distant, home and advance signal. Plan B. Detail layout of pipe and wire runs show- Manipulaing signals, cranks, wheels, compensators, foundations, o sheet track circuits, underground wires, line wires and cables, batteries, track relays, and any other data necessary for an intelligent understanding of the design of the plant. Plan C. Locking sheet, dog diagram with skeleton diagram of track. Plan D. Signal plan issued for Operating Department in installing plant. Plan E. Each signal tower shall be supplied with a manipulation sheet. 579 Keep the characteristic sheets of signal work Characteristic sheets. up to date. 680 Keep detail records and prepare statements Record of cost of inshowing cost of installation and maintenance of all stallaion work under your charge. end main581 On maintenance inspection visit all towersMaintenance and signal appliances both day and night at irregular inspection intervals, and inspect every detail of the apparatus, including the condition of the tower. 152 Conduct of 582 Note the conduct of the signalmen with a signamen. view to determining their capacity for properly handling the signal appliances. Check up 583 Check up and inspect all material received, material,and sample, before it is put into the work. Nature of 584 Keep daily account of the men employed reports. and their rates of pay, the amount of material used, and render force and material reports on standard blank forms. Signal Foremen. General 585 All foremen report to and receive their induties. structions from the Supervisor of Signals. May be assigned to either construction work or to a district of maintenance work and are responsible for the proper installation and maintenance of all work under their charge in accordance with standard rules, plans and specifications. Limits of 586 Will receive specific instructions as to the work defined. limits of the work under their charge, but will always be subject to special call for duty on other sections in cases of emergency. Personnel of 587 Will be responsible for the selection of com9an9s' petent and intelligent men for their gangs, and instruct them in the proper execution of their work. Reports. 588 Make daily reports in detail, giving the nature of the work done, and render reports of labor and material on standard forms. Time. 589 Make out time books for the men under their charge, and be responsible for their correctness. 153 Repairmen 590 All signal repairmen report to and receive eneral their instructions from the Supervisor of Signals. Are dti. responsible for the inspection, adjustment and proper maintenance of all interlockings, block signals and other appliances assigned to their care, and the proper execution of any construction work of which they may be put in charge. 591 Do not make aly alterations or additions to Make no change with. the work under their charge without written instruc- out instructions from the Supervisor of Signals. tion. 692 When it is necessary to do any work requir- Procedurein working on ing the disarrangement of locking devices, the repair- interlocking. man in charge shall first obtain written authority from the Supervisor of Signals, including instructions as to the time that the work shall be done. Before starting the work wire the Superintendent and obtain his 0. K. for authority. Then personally notify the towerman and note on the train sheet of the tower the words "Locking disarranged," giving the numbers of the levers affected, the time at which the work is started and his signature. Before disarranging the locking first disconnect all switches and signals affected by the work, and spike the switches in their normal position, thus insuring the proper protection of all movements involved in the disarrangement of the locking. When the work is complete and the locking restored, personally notify the towerman and note on train sheet the words " Locking restored," giving the time at which the work is completed and his signature. Then wire 154 the Superintendent and the Supervisor of Signals that the work is complete. During the time that the locking is disarranged trains shall be forwarded by clearance cards same as for any failure of the apparatus. Procedurein 593 No movement shall be disconnected or cirdisconnecting move- cuit cut out except in case of actual necessity, but when ments. such necessity exists the repairman shall first notify the towerman and note on the train sheet the words ( --- —- No. disconnected," inserting the name of the movement in the first blank space and the number of the lever in the second, together with the time and his signature. When the movement is again connected up and regular working restored, he shall note under his previous note the words " Regular working restored," again giving the time and his signature. Protection 594 If necessary to disconnect any switch, facing with movementsdis- point lock, detector bar or drawbridge lock, electric conected. circuit, or any similar device affecting the safety of the track, first confer with the section foreman and arrange for the proper protection of the track by flagmen under the section foreman's direction. Fasten at danger all signals protecting the movements to be disconnected, and personally see that the flagmen are properly protecting the tracks concerned before any movement is disconnected. Whenever a switch or movable point frog is disconnected it must be spiked in position before any train is permitted to pass over it. 155 596 Adjust switches and movable point frogs with Adjusting switch and a standard switch gauge, and if the gauge of the track frog moveis incorrect or the stock rail is improperly bent ahead ments. of the points so that they do not face up properly, notify the section foreman in writing, and if the necessary change is not promptly ma de notify the Supervisor of Signals. In the meantime the points must be adjusted to fit the stock rails as they are, so that there may be no possible chance of a wheel taking the wrong side of a point. If by any chance the gauge should be so defective as to render such adjustment impossible, the repairman shall disconnect the switch and spike it in the normal position, also disconnecting the signal for any diverting movement over that switch. Make record of the occurrence on the train sheet in accordance with Rule No. 592 and notify the Superintendent and the Supervisor of Signals by wire and follow up the case and see that regular working is restored as promptly as possible. 696 In connecting new work, switch points must connecting be kept spiked until the signals governing movements sitches. over them are connected up. 597 In the case of automatic signals where there Securing automatic is no towerman or train sheet, be careful to fasten sig- signals at nals at danger before doing any work or interfering with danger. the apparatus in any way that might render it possible for a signal to give a false indication. 598 No apparatus shall be cut out of service with- Nothing to out the authority of the Supervisor of Signals, and then ithout in. only after notice by wire has been sent by the repairman structions to the Superintendent for his information. 156 Report im- 599 Whenever the condition of switches or track proper condition of work does not admit of proper operation or maintetrack work. nance of the signal work, the fact must be reported to the Supervisor of Signals and the Supervisor of Track in writing. Apparatus 600 See that all block instruments, electric locks, kept locked. relay boxes, battery wells, automatic signals, crossing bell boxes, and other devices requiring protection are equipped with locks and that they are kept locked. Procedurein 601 If necessary to take a case off of a block inworking on block in- strument or electric lock confer with the towerman, struments. and if possible select a time when there is no train in the block ahead, or any probability of one approaching from the rear. In all cases first note on the train sheet of the tower, the number of the track on which you are going to work, the position of the card and the time, with your signature. While the case is off, the block instrument must not be used. Trains must be forwarded by clearance card in same manner as for any failure ot the apparatus. When the work is complete and the case replaced on the instrument and locked, note on the train sheet the words " Regular working restored, track No. -," together with the time and your signature. Not leave 602 Do not leave the tower while the case is off tower while case is off. the block instrument or electric lock, and in replacing the case be careful to see that the card is in the proper position. Wrecks. 603 In case of wreck in which signal apparatus may be in any way concerned, go on the ground as promptly as possible, and note the situation and the 157 condition of the signal apparatus. Immediately wire the Supervisor of Signals brief particulars of the occurrence. In case the accident may have been caused or is alleged to have been caused by any defect in the signal apparatus, immediately make a thorough examination of everything in connection with the case and send a written statement of the condition you find to the Supervisor of Signals. 604 Repairmen are always subject to call unless Subject to they have special permission from the Supervisor ofca Signals to be relieved. 605 Always keep your headquarters telegraphKeep telegraph office office advised as to where you can be found, and re- advieds. spond promptly when called. 606 If relieved from duty post in your headquar- Relief ters telegraph office the name and telegraph call of the notice. relief man. 607 Render all reports in accordance with sched- Reports. ules furnished by the Supervisor of Signals, and where your subordinates are required to make reports certify to their correctness and forward them to the Supervisor of Signals with your own. 608 In case of call to cover a failure, fill out the Failure refailure report form, giving the time at which notice ofport' failure was received, the trains used in reaching the trouble, the cause of the trouble, the time trouble is corrected, and the time the report is forwarded to the Supervisor of Signals. 158 Records of 609 Records will be kept by the Supervisor of failures and detentions. Signals showing the failures charged to each repairman and the train detentions due to each failure, and these records will assist in determining the relative efficiency of the men. Renewals to 610 Make frequent detail inspection of all the apbe made before failure paratus under your charge, and make renewals before may occur. any parts can deteriorate so that a failure may occur. Movements 611 Take up lost motion and see that no studs, to be kept tight and pins or holes are allowed to become worn more than 1-32 of an inch in any direction. Cotter pins. 612 See that cotter pins are in place, in good condition and properly spread. Founda- 613 Keep all foundations rigid and level and in tions to.be kept rigid perfect line, and see that the distances from rail and and in line. elevations are kept in accordance with standard plans. Signal masts 614 Keep all signal masts plumb. plumb. Signal 615 See that signal blades are kept bright, and blades. notify the Supervisor of Signals if they need attention. Bearings' 616 Keep the bearings of all moving parts free oiled and free from from grit. Care must be taken to use just the right grit' amount of oil and not flood the parts oiled. Old oil must be removed and the parts wiped before re-oiling. Adjustment 617 Inspect switches in operation each time you of switches and facing visit a tower, and see that the holes in the locking poit loks bars are not worn more than 1-16 of an inch in any direction. Plungers on facing point locks shall clear the locking bar one inch when withdrawn, and have a throw of eight inches. The ends must be kept 159 square and not tapered or beveled. All switch points shall be so adjusted that they cannot be locked when a No. 9 signal wire is placed between the switch point and the stock rail. 618 Give lampmen necessary instructions andInstruct lampmen. see that they perform their work properly. 619 Pay particular attention to the fastenings of Ladder fastenings. ladders to signal masts or bridges. 620 If you find a broken or cracked glass in a Broken or cracked signal lamp or semaphore casting renew it imme- glass. diately, or if the necessary glass is not at hand, take off the lamp bracket and display a red light on the signal mast until the glass is renewed. 621 See that the dogs on interlocking are kept Keep interlocking and perfectly tight, and that the interlocking and latch latches blocks and quadrants are not allowed to become worn. tight 622 See that there is proper drainage to carryDrainage, water away from pipes, wires and movements at signal etc towers, that section foremen keep ballast cinders, etc., free from base of rail where electric circuit is in use, and that fibre insulations and fibre end posts are renewed in Weber joints and insulated switch rods by the section foreman when required. If these points do not receive proper attention promptly notify the Supervisor of Signals. 623 See that wheels run freely and that there is Wheels free no chance for wires to jam. 624 See that chains are sufficiently long to No split links over prevent the split links or wire eyes reaching the wheel wheels 160 when the signal is thrown. A split link must not be used to splice a chain where it passes over a wheel. The ends of split links must be closed. No attach- 626 Do not permit any foreign wires or any atments on masts. tachment foreign to the apparatus to be placed on signal masts. Adjusting 626 See that all signals are provided with the screws. proper number of adjusting screws, that they are kept in good condition and the thread free from paint or rust. Tag wires. 627 See that all wires running to relays or lightning arresters are tagged to show their functions. ea con-s 628 Keep contacts carefully cleaned and in perfect adjustment. Testsfor 629 Frequently test for defects, and where any indication of defect is found remove the defective part and forward it to the Supervisor of Signals with an explanation of the trouble. Ordering 630 Send monthly requisitions to the Supervisor material. of Signals for tools or materials that you require for yourselves and your assistants, but in case of actual emergency you may call on the storekeeper direct by wire or letter for material required. The storekeeper will furnish it, but will send such requests to the Supervisor of Signals, so that they may be inspected and the reason for the emergency order ascertained. Improve- 631 Repairmen are expected to make any recomments. mendations for improvements that they may consider desirable. 161 632 The follo\\ing rules l)ertain to the use of tor-Torpedo pedo machines as audible signals in addition to the fixed signal: 632-a Where torpedo machines are in use the gauge of track shall be exact standard gauge and shall not be widened for any reason. 632-b Torpedo machines must always be used in duplicate-one for each rail. 632-c There shall be a space of one-sixteenth of an inch between the head of the rail and top of torpedo exploder or anvil. 632-d The top of torpedo exploder or anvil shall stand level with the top of rail when unloaded. 632-e The torpedo exploder or anvil when raised by the lifter arms must clear the under side of housing to prevent the torpedoes jamming against the bottom edge of the exploder. 632-f The torpedo slide must be moved its full stroke in order to properly receive the torpedo from the magazine. A cam or idle movement to be used so as to insure full stroke regardless of variation in the connections between machine and lever. 632-g The machines must be inspected daily and kept cleaned and properly oiled. 632-h The bottom torpedo must never be allowed to remain in service long enough to wear away the metal of the torpedo shell, II 162 632-i Whenever necessary to throw a torpedo machine out of service a man must be continually stationed at the machine to clamp track torpedoes on the rail whenever the signal is in a danger position. 632-j Torpedoes must be carefully handled. They are likely to explode if roughly treated. 632-k They must be kept in dry places. They must not be left in contact with brick walls, damp wood, chloride of lime or other disinfectant; they must not be exposed to the action of steam or other vapor. 632-1 The date on which torpedoes are received must be marked on the boxes in which they are shipped. They must be considered defective after they are two years old or when they bear any signs of rust on the outside of the case. Any such defective torpedoes must be withdrawn from stock and returned to the storehouse. 632-m Torpedoes must be issued for service and used in the order in which they are received. Those which have been on hand the longest always being used first, to avoid any accumulation of old stock. 632-n Should any torpedo fail to explode when a train passes over it, the circumstance must be promptly reported to the Supervisor of Signals and the defective torpedo properly marked and forwarded to him for examination. 632-o All torpedo machines must be tested at least once a week by exploding a torpedo in each machine. 163 Batterymen. 633 Batterymen report to and receive their in- General structions from the repairmen. They are responsible dt. for the proper condition of all batteries and connections under their charge, and for the proper care and use of the material furnished to them. 634 Keep all battery wells and lockers clean - Betty and locked no refuse material shall be left around the batteries. 635 See that batteries are kept at an even tem- Cale of perature, protected from extreme heat or cold, and that the jars are kept clean and bright and free from salts. 636 Collect all scrap zincs and copper taken from Scrap. batteries, at headquarters, and send it to the storekeeper the first of each month. Nothing that has any value should be thrown away. 637 Batterymen shall act as relief men for repair- A(t as relief. men as they may be assigned, and shall post themselves fully on the repairmen's work. 638 Do not make any changes in wiring or con- No changes without innections without instructions in writing from the re- tructions pairman. 639 Junipers will be provided for cutting out cells Jumpers. and care must be used never to open a normally closed circuit in removing cells. 640 In renewing track battery, never have more Track than oe cl ot of s e at oe. battery. than one cell out of service at one time. 164 Emptying 641 I)o not empty anly battery solution or throw batteries. any refuse on the roadbed or bridges or in small streams. Mainrteo 6(42 The following rule will 1)e ol)serve(l in the gravity maintenance of gravity batteries: batteries. 642-a All gravity zincs must be cleaned ten dlays after the cell has been set up, and every three weeks thereafter. 642-b A zinc that is more than half consumed must not be used in track battery. \hen it is half consumed it must be transferred to one of the main battery cells. 642-c The zincs in all main block batteries are to be used, wherever practicable, until consumed to onequarter their original weight. 642-d All battery connections must be inspected at each visit, and no elements with poor or unsafe connections shall be left in the circuit. 642-e If stalactites form on the zincs they must not be scrapedoffand allowel to drop in the cell. The zincs must be removed and cleaned. 642-f Gravity batteries give the best results with the bottom of the zinc at a distance of two and onehalf inches above the top of copper. Adjustable zincs shall be kept as nearly as possible at that distance. The bottom of the zinc should never be less than two inches or more than three and one-half inches from the top of the copper. 1 65 642-g Before placingcopper element in cell examine it carefully and see that the parts are properly riveted together and that the copper connecting wire is properly attached to one of the leaves. 642-h Copper connecting wires with defective or improper insulation must not be used. 642-i Copper elements that have not a full number of leaves or that present less than two-thirds of the original surface must not be left in the circuit. 642-j In order to prevent creeping of salts, copper connecting wires must stand away from side of the jar and must not be bent over the edge. 642-k In renewing cells all blue vitriol that remains in the cell must be carefully cleaned and used. 642-1 All cells are to be charged with three pounds of blue vitriol crystals —dust must not be used. 642-m In renewing a cell save about one pint of the old zinc sulphate solution, and after the elements and the blue vitriol and water have been placed in the jar, pour the old solution gently on top of the zinc and add a sufficient amount of water to bring the top of the solution to within one inch of the top of the jar. 642-n After it becomes necessary to move a cell or add water, great care must be taken not to disturb the line of demarcation between the two solutions. 12 166 642-0 After a cell has been set up, blue vitriol must not be added until the cell is again renewed. 642-p The object is to get as long life as possible from the battery, but to avoid any possibility of its becoming too weak to do the work required. 642-q If a jar cracks at all, it must be promptly cut out and removed from the circuit. 642-r Zinc sulphate solution must never register less than 15 degrees or more than 30 degrees. If the density of the zinc solution becomes too great a portion must be drawn out and clear water added. 642-S In renewing cells the loose copperinthejars must be carefully saved and together with scrap zinc or any defective new zinc must be taken to headquarters. 642-t Blue vitriol deteriorates very rapidly when exposed to heat or the action of the atmosphere. Lampmen and Tunnel Flagmen General 643 Report to and receive their instructions from duties. the Interlocking foreman, and are responsible for the condition of all lights under their charge and for the proper maintenance of any interlockings that may be assigned to them. Examina- 644 Pass the examination required as to: tion. Character, habits and record of previous service. Knowledge of Time-table, rules and regulations. Also, for color perception, strength of vision, and hearing. 167 645 Protect the rear of any train stol)ped in the Duty. section-this regardless of the action of the flagman of train or position of block signals. 646 Be on duty during the prescribed hours, taking such precautions as will insure safety of trains. See that signals are all in working order, reporting promptly any defect which cannot be repaired at once. 647 Be provided with proper signals, and if track Extra preis obstructed, or from any cause the safety of trains cautions. is endangered, the red signals must be promptly and distinctly displayed, and no effort spared to warn approaching trains in time. This must always be done without reference to block signals. In case it is foggy, stormy, or in the night, or tunnel is filled with smoke, use torpedoes in addition to regular danger signal. 648 Inspect all switches, signals, torpedo ma- Inspectand chines and connections under your charge at least woking twice a day, and keep them in good working order. order. If any defect is discovered, make prompt report to the repairman, and see that traffic is properly protected until the trouble is corrected. Use special care to make necessary changes in adjustment of signals during rapid changes in temperature. 649 They are subject to call at all times and shall Subject to call. live where they can be called quickly in case of emergency. 650 Keep the tower, windows, and the machin- Clean tower, ery neat and clean. 651 Take care of tower stove and remove ashes. care offire. 168 Fire protec- 662 See that fire buckets are kept filled and that Lion. fire extinguishers are in place and in good order. Oily waste. 653 See that no oily waste is kept around the tower where a fire might occur from spontaneous combustion. See that 654 Notify the foreman if the water closet recloset is kept clean. quires cleaning or repairing. Keep vicinity 655 Keep the entire property in the immediate of tower " neat. vicinity of towers neat and free from rubbish. Act as re- 666 When so directed act as repairmen for the pairmen. towers to which you are assigned. Snow and 657 Co-operate with the section men in keeping ice. the movements clear of snow and ice. Keep switch 658 See that switch points are kept free of obpoints clear. structions. Account of 659 Keep a careful account of all oil, wicks, material. burners, waste and other supplies used at the towers under your care, and furnish reports to the foreman. Avoid show- 660 When putting signal lamps in place on the ing light along track. masts, be careful not to allow the light to show along the track so that it could in any way be mistaken for a clear signal. After placing lamps inspect them from the ground to see that they show the proper light. Lamp 661 Report all lamp failures, with the cause, on failures. forms provided for that purpose. Worn parts. 662 Return worn out burners or other worn out parts to the storekeeper. 169 663 Place all lamps on masts l)y sunset, and do Time for i I*' T l putting up not remove them until after sunrise. In dark or lamps. stormy weather they must be continued in service. 664 In the tunnel lamps must be kept burning day and night. 665 Comply with the following instructions for Care of the care of lamps: lamps. 665-a Lamps must be cleaned and filled each (ay. 666-b They must not be filled higher than orlehalf inch below top of font. 665-c The wick must reach the bottom of the font and must move freely. 665-d Where there is a lamp room, the lamps must be kept there when not in use, and must be lighted at least fifteen minutes before they are set out, and be burned low before the wick is turned up to full flame. 665-e When lamps are not lighted, the wicks must be kept below top of burner, to prevent oil overflowing. 665-f The fonts must be emptied once a week before refilling. 665-g The ventilating holes in burners must be kept open. 665-h The crust on wicks must be removed with the thumb and finger, or with a small stick. Wicks must not be cut unless they are irregular and have to be trimmed to secure a proper flame. 170 Burners and 666 Thoroughly clean the burners, especially air wicks. vent, and put in fresh wick at least once a month. See that the wick is neither too large nor too small to fit the burner, but turns up easily. See that all oil, soot, and dirt is wiped off the front and from inside of lanterns and lenses, and that all vents are kept open. 667 After lighting a lamp, do not turn up the wick beyond one-half full size of flame until the burner gets warm. If the flame flickers after lamp gets warm, look for the cause. See if the burner is bent; if so, straighten or replace. Report to proper authority any lamp which does not burn properly, so that it can be replaced and repaired. 668 Special tunnel flagmen who are engaged in a special duty through the Park Avenue tunnel will comply with the rules governing tunnel flagmen, with the exception that they must not leave their posts under any circumstances during their hours of duty until they have been relieved. DIAGRAMS OF TRAIN SIGNALS. 17;; Engine running forward as an extra train. White lights and White flags at A A. 174 Engine running backward as an extra train, without cars. Lights at B B, as markers, showing Green at side and in direction engine is moving, and Red in opposite direction. 175 Engine running forward displaying signals for a following section. Green lights and Green flags at AA. 176 Enginerunning backward, at the rear of a train pushing cars. Lights at B B, as markers, showing Green at side and in direction engine is moving, and Red in opposite direction. 177 Rear of train while running. Lights at A A, as markers, showing Green toward' engine and side and Red to rear. 178.in~J Engine running forward without cars or at the rear of a train pushing cars. Lights at A A, as markers, showing Green to the front and side and Red to rear. 179 Engine running backward, without cars or at the front of a train pulling cars. White light at A. Passenger cars being pushed by an engine. White light on front of leading car. THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN DATE DUE JAN '~ 39015 0 lll7 9807